Use of wood anatomy to identify poisonous plants: Charcoal of Spirostachys africana

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Sandra J. Lennox

2015-03-01

Full Text Available Spirostachys africana Sond. (tamboti/tambotie is a woodland tree that is often found near water. It has a poisonous and purgative latex. The archaeological site of Sibudu, a rock shelter in KwaZulu-Natal, has evidence, from well-preserved charcoal and seeds, of past environments and wood use from approximately 77–38 thousand years ago (ka. As their uses and environmental indicators are different, it is critical to confidently distinguish among the three anatomically similar woods of the Euphorbiaceae: Spirostachys africana, Sclerocroton integerrimus and Shirakiopsis elliptica. A detailed anatomical study of reference and archaeological charcoal shows that xylem vessel width increases proportionally as vessel frequency decreases, from Spirostachys africana, Sclerocroton integerrimus to Shirakiopsis elliptica. Crystals of calcium oxalate are present in ray cells of Spirostachys africana, whereas silica bodies are present in ray cells of Sclerocroton integerrimus and Shirakiopsis elliptica. Using these features, the presence of Spirostachys africana was confirmed amongst hearth charcoal of the Spotty Camel layer, with an age of approximately 58 ka and of the Mottled Deposit occupational layer, with an age of approximately 49 ka. The presence of this charcoal, collected from ancient fireplaces or sieved from surrounding sediments, implies that people at Sibudu understood and used this poisonous tree to their advantage. We are encouraged in this view by the presence of many Cryptocarya woodii leaves found on the surface of 77-ka sedge bedding at Sibudu (Wadley L et al., Science. 2011;334:1388–1391. Cryptocarya woodii has insecticidal and larvacidal properties and members of the Laurel family are well known for their medicinal properties.

ConsciÃncia Corporal e Ancestralidade Africana: Conceitos SociopoÃticos Produzidos por Pessoas de Santo

OpenAIRE

Norval Batista Cruz

2009-01-01

Este estudo apresenta os conceitos sociopoÃticos produzidos por uma comunidade de terreiro de candomblÃ, Ilà Axà Omo TifÃ, localizada no bairro de Jangurussu, na periferia de Fortaleza-Ce. O tema gerador da pesquisa à consciÃncia corporal e ancestralidade africana. Noto que, apesar dos terreiros de candomblÃ, em principio estarem mais conectados com a cultura de matriz africana, nem sempre se encontra uma prÃtica de consciÃncia corporal associada à ancestralidade africana e Ãs vezes, hà uma d...

Effect of supplementation of African breadfruit (Treculia africana ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

African breadfruit (Treculia africana) hulls were supplemented at different levels with other organic food processing wastes (orange, plantain, cassava and soybean). Optimum supplementation of 40:60 (breadfruit hulls to each waste) was obtained. Proximate and mineral composition of the unsupplemented and the ...

SPATIAL VARIABILITY IN THE MUDPRAWN UPOGEBIA AFRICANA ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

A nested sampling design was used to examine the variability in density, biomass, sex ratio and size of the estuarine mudprawn Upogebia africana in six estuaries on the south-east coast of South Africa. The objectives were to test the general hypothesis that there is variability in these variables at the scales of regions, ...

Afzelia africana , A Novel Non Starch Polysaccharide, Raised ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

The effects o vegetable flour prepared from indigenous plant Afzelia africana, a legume, on the fasting plasma cholesterol and triglyceride levels of rats were investigated. Chemical analysis indicated that Afzelia flour contained significant amount of non-starch polysaccharides (NSP). The flour of Afzelia was incorporated ...

in-vitro antimicrobial properties of aspilla africana (compositae).

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Dr Olaleye

The in vitro anti-microbial activity of the petroleum ether, chloroform and methanol extracts of Aspilia africana. (Compositae) was studied. The bacterial used for the antimicrobial analysis consisted of 3 clinical strains of. Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, 2 clinical strains of Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas ...

Assessment of Toxicity Profile of Lasianthera Africana Leaf ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

ALICE

2015-04-15

Apr 15, 2015 ... intraperitoneal, intravenous or intramuscular routes of .... Effect of oral administration of doses of Lasianthera africana leaf extract on body weight of normal rat ... drinking water and treated with metformin (anti-diabetic drug) at a dose level ... glucometer (One Touch Ultra 2 Blood Glucose Monitoring System,.

In-vitro antimicrobial properties of Aspilla africana (compositae ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

... more active than the soxhlet extracts. Only the cold petroleum ether extract showed a good activity against both C. albicans and A. flavus. The phytochemical screening for the whole plat of A. africana revealed the presence of alkaloids, saponin glycosides and tannins but absence of steroidal nucleus and anthraquinone.

Socio-economic contribution of African breadfruit ( Treculia africana ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

The Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFPs) the conserve are gathered for household consumption and commercial uses; they have formed an inherent part of rural ... the level of income generation, processing, distribution of sales as well as the importance of Treculia africana to food security in Southeastern, Nigeria in 2015.

Emergentism

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Carlos Beorlegui

2015-02-01

Full Text Available We may wonder if the emergentist model owes too much to the two traditional alternative approaches (first or third person, although it is aware of its weaknesses it fails to complete its interesting contribution with an anthropological approach that may consider mind and mental phenomena as a reality that emerges, matures, develops and expresses itself in its unavoidable interpersonal and social contexts, as is shown by the psychological and anthropological research into the study of the development of human personality. We consider that three complementary elements or dimensions should be taken into account: the evolutionary aspect (the biological maturing process of the brain, which represents the jump from prehuman to human existence; the systemic aspect (the systemic way to understand the mind as the total structure of the brain; and the social aspect (the interpersonal and social dimension as the field where the mind and the person originate. It is only within the context of human society that each personal reality can be shaped as such. Thus, this proposal could be referred to as psycho-social-systemic emergentism.

Clinical and Parasitological Effects of Aspilia africana (Pers.)

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Department of Pharmacy, Makerere University

extract possessed in vitro antiplasmodial activity (IC50 30µg/ml) but no remarkable cytotoxicity. The A. africana preparation shows potential ... procedure employed by the traditional healers. For this purpose 5-10 tablespoonfuls of .... alkaloids, tannins and traces of essential oils. 1 - cpm in treated in untreated cultures x 100 ...

Allelochemicals Effect of Aqueous Leachate from Oudneya Africana R

African Journals Online (AJOL)

nesrine

2014-03-05

Mar 5, 2014 ... This present study was conducted to investigate the possible allelopathic effect of Oudneya africana. (donor species) on Bromus tectorum (weed species) and Triticum aestivum (cv. Sahel1; crop species) through germination bioassay experiment. B. tectorum is a winter annual grass that grows in winter.

Analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of the methanol stem bark extract of Prosopis africana.

Science.gov (United States)

Ayanwuyi, Lydia O; Yaro, Abdullahi H; Abodunde, Olajumoke M

2010-03-01

Prosopis africana (Guill. & Perr.) Taub. (Mimosoideae) is a shrub used for menstrual and general body pain in Nupe land in north central Nigeria. In this study, the methanol extract of the stem bark of Prosopis africana (at doses of 62.5, 125, and 250 mg/kg) was evaluated for analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities using acetic acid-induced writhing assay and carrageenan-induced inflammation in rats. The extract significantly (P acetic acid-induced writhing with the highest activity observed at the highest dose, 250 mg/kg (76.89%) comparable to that of piroxicam (83.16%) the standard agent used. In the carrageenan-induced inflammation assay, the extract showed significant anti-inflammatory activity (P screening revealed the presence of flavonoids, saponins, carbohydrates, cardiac glycosides, tannins, and alkaloids. The oral median lethal dose was found to be 3807.9 mg/kg in mice and > 5000 mg/kg in rats. This study supports the folkloric claim of the use of Prosopis africana in the management of pain.

Justicia Restaurativa: Un paradigma emergente

OpenAIRE

García Gumbau, Erica

2017-01-01

RESUMEN DE LA TESIS DOCTORAL JUSTICIA RESTAURATIVA: UN PARADIGMA EMERGENTE La tesis profundiza y reflexiona en torno a una nueva concepción de la justicia y su aplicación en la praxis. Actualmente nos encontramos ante una crisis del paradigma retributivo o crisis del modelo de justicia tradicional, dominante hasta ahora en la administración de justicia. Paralelamente, se está empezando a hablar de una nueva filosofía de la administración de justicia. El presente trabajo de i...

Contaminantes emergentes en aguas subterráneas: origen, presencia y aspectos normativos

OpenAIRE

Candela Lledó, Lucila

2016-01-01

Una de las amenazas a la calidad de los RRHH es la presencia de múltiples estresores, entre ellos que cabe destacar a los denominados contaminantes emergentes. Con el nombre de contaminantes o compuestos emergentes se define a una serie de compuestos químicos de origen diverso (fármacos, productos de diagnóstico, plaguicidas, detergentes, productos de uso personal, etc.) caracterizados por su continua y creciente producción y consumo. La información existente sobre su presencia en las aguas s...

Allelotoxicity of Oudneya africana R. Br. aqueous leachate on ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

This present study was conducted to investigate the possible allelopathic effect of Oudneya africana (donor species) on Bromus tectorum (weed species) and Triticum aestivum (cv. Sahel1; crop species) through germination bioassay experiment. B. tectorum is a winter annual grass that grows in winter wheat and other ...

The Africana world

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

It is 127 years since the Scramble for Africa divided up the continent, imposing borders that have led to conflict rather than peace and stability. It is 100 years since the African National Congress (ANC) was founded as the first African liberation movement with pan-African roots. It is nearly 50...... engagements with Africa's rich cultural heritage, its lingering contemporary challenges, its multifaceted systems of knowledge and its future in the exciting context of the twenty-first century. Africana World: From Fragmentation to Unity and Renaissance is put together in order to help develop the study...... and knowledge of African liberation across the continent and the diaspora. This first volume launches a new book series, following the Scramble for Africa conferences held every May to commemorate the founding of the OAU, which will be published annually to support the scholarly study of African unity...

Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, and Wound Healing Properties of Kigelia africana (Lam. Beneth. and Strophanthus hispidus DC.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Christian Agyare

2013-01-01

Full Text Available Microbial infections of various types of wounds are a challenge to the treatment of wounds and wound healing. The study was to investigate antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of methanol leaf and stem bark extracts of Kigelia africana and methanol leaf and root extracts of Strophanthus hispidus and also to determine wound healing properties of the extracts. The antimicrobial activities of the methanol extracts were determined against two Gram-positive and two Gram-negative bacteria and a fungus using agar diffusion and micro-dilution methods. The antioxidant activity was determined using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl–hydrazyl (DPPH method. The influence of the extracts on rate of wound closure was investigated using the excision wound model and histopathological investigation of treated and untreated wound tissues performed. The MICs of leaf extract of K. africana against test organisms were 2.5–7.5 mg/mL and stem bark extract were 2.25–7.5 mg/mL. The leaf extract of S. hispidus had MIC range of 2.5–7.5 mg/mL and 2.5–10 mg/mL for root extract. The IC50 of leaf and stem bark extracts of K. africana were 56.9 and 13.7 μg/mL, respectively and leaf and root of S. hispidus were 49.8 and 45.1 μg/mL, respectively. K. africana extracts (7.5% w/w showed significant ( wound contraction at day 7 with 72% of wound closure whiles significant ( wound contractions were observed on day 11 for stem bark of K. africana, leaf and root extracts of S. hispidus. Wound tissues treated with the extracts showed improved collagenation, re-epitheliazition and rapid granulation formation compared with untreated wound tissues. The extracts were found to contain alkaloids, saponins, tannins, flavonoids, carbohydrates, and sapogenetic glycosides. The HPLC finger-printing of the extracts were developed. The leaf, stem bark and root extracts of K. africana and S. hispidus exhibited antimicrobial, antioxidant, and enhanced wound healing properties and these

Antidiarrheal activity of methanolic extract of the root bark of Cordia africana.

Science.gov (United States)

Asrie, Assefa Belay; Abdelwuhab, Mohammedbrhan; Shewamene, Zewdneh; Gelayee, Desalegn Asmelashe; Adinew, Getnet Mequanint; Birru, Eshetie Melese

2016-01-01

An ethnobotanical study in Agew-Awi and Amhara peoples in northwest Ethiopia reported that Cordia africana is used traditionally in the treatment of liver disease, amebiasis, stomachache, and diarrhea. The root and root bark are reported to be used in the treatment of diarrhea. Therefore, this study was intended to evaluate the antidiarrheal effect of C. africana against castor oil-induced diarrhea in mice. The antidiarrheal effect of the plant was tested on castor oil-induced diarrhea in mice (23-25 g) of either sex. Number of diarrheic defecations, intestinal length traveled by the charcoal meal, and weight of intestinal fluid were taken as important parameters to evaluate the antidiarrheal activity of the plant extract. In preliminary phytochemical screening tests, the methanolic extract of C. africana was found to contain phenols, flavonoids, terpenoids, and saponins. Reduction in the number of diarrheic drops was observed in groups of mice that received 200 mg/kg ( P <0.05) and 400 mg/kg ( P <0.01) of the extract compared to the negative controls. The percent inhibition of intestinal fluid accumulation was 26.83%, 46.34%, and 53.66% at the doses of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg of the extract, respectively. Relative to the negative control group, the mean percent of intestinal length moved by the charcoal meal was decreased by 24.41%, 39.89%, and 51.66% in groups of mice given 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg of the plant extract, respectively. To iterate the finding, the root bark extract of C. africana was found to be effective in preventing castor oil-induced diarrhea and intestinal motility in a dose-dependent manner. This reveals that the plant material has promising antidiarrheal activity as it is claimed in traditional medical practice.

New Sulphated Flavonoids from Tamarix africana and Biological Activities of Its Polar Extract.

Science.gov (United States)

Karker, Manel; De Tommasi, Nunziatina; Smaoui, Abderrazak; Abdelly, Chedly; Ksouri, Riadh; Braca, Alessandra

2016-10-01

The phytochemical investigation of Tamarix africana Poir. (Tamaricaceae) shoot polar extract afforded three new sulphated flavonoids, (2 S ,4 R )-5,7,4'-trihydroxyflavan-4-ol 5,7-disulphate ( 1 ), (2 S )-5,7,4'-trihydroxyflavan 7- O -sulphate ( 2 ), and (2 S )-naringenin 4'- O -sulphate ( 3 ), together with ten known compounds. Their structures were determined by spectroscopic methods including 1D and 2D NMR analysis and HRMS. Biological activities of the polar extract of T. africana shoots related to its phenolic content were also investigated. A high total phenolic content (151.1 mg GAE/g) was found in the methanol shoot extract, which exhibits strong antioxidant activities using the oxygen radical absorbance capacity method and a skin cell-based assay. Moreover, the shoot extract showed significant anti-inflammatory activity, reducing nitric oxide release by 53.5 % at 160 µg/mL in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Finally, T. africana shoot extract inhibited the growth of A-549 lung carcinoma cells, with an IC 50 value of 34 µg/mL. Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York.

El conflicto de Darfur: un reto para la credibilidad de la Unión Africana

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

María Ángeles Alaminos

2008-01-01

Full Text Available En el caso de la crisis de Darfur la Unión Africana esperaba conseguir su primer éxito a nivel internacional en la pacificación de un conflicto africano; el conflicto de Darfur ha supuesto un reto para su credibilidad. La Misión de la Unión Africana en Sudán (AMIS intentó poner fin a la crisis, pero los recursos limitados, tanto económicos como humanos fueron incapaces de frenarla. La protección de tres millones y medio de personas en situación de riesgo en Darfur ha constituido un desafío para la UA y una prueba de la efectividad de su misión AMIS. La Unión Africana quiere demostrar su valía como organización, su potencial en el desarrollo de acciones concretas, su preponderancia como actor en el ámbito africano y su relevancia como actor internacional.

La experiencia de los virus emergentes en el Caribe colombiano

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Salim Máttar V

2010-04-01

Full Text Available Existe una interrelación muy estrecha entre el hombre, su ecología y el mundo microbiano, tanto el ser humano como los agentes infecciosos han coevolucionado durante milenios (1. La historia demuestra que ha existido una confluencia de diferentes enfermedades infecciosas y las principales civilizaciones. En los últimos años las enfermedades zoonoticas emergentes han ido cobrando una importancia creciente en el terreno de la salud humana y animal, surgiendo nuevas enfermedades procedentes siempre de lugares insospechados y causantes de graves problemas para el hombre o los animales (2. La mayoría de patógenos involucrados en las enfermedades infecciosas emergentes (EIE son de origen bacteriano o rickettsial (54.3%. En este grupo están incluidos los patógenos bacterianos resistentes a los antibióticos. Los patógenos de origen viral y los priones, constituyen el 25.4% de eventos de las EIE, los protozoarios representan el 10.7%, seguido de los hongos 6.3% y los helmintos en un 3.3%. El 60.3% de las enfermedades infecciosas emergentes son causadas por patógenos zoonoticos (2. El 71.8% de estas zoonosis son causados por patógenos que se originan de la fauna silvestre, como la emergencia del virus de Nipah en Malasia y el síndrome respiratorio agudo severo (SARS en China (3.

Iniciativa europea del radar para riesgos emergentes - ¿una posibilidad a futuro para América Latina?

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Aleksandar Jovanovic

2013-04-01

Full Text Available El proyecto de la Unión Europea (UE: Reconocimiento temprano, monitoreo y gestión integral de riesgos emergentes relacionados con las nuevas tecnologías -iNTeg-Risk ha desarrollado un pragmático e inusual enfoque para un marco integral en la gestión de riesgos emergentes. El principal objetivo de este trabajo fue desarrollar una serie de soluciones específicas e innovadoras aplicando buenos principios de gestión de riesgos y elaborar soluciones más genéricas e integradas, que todas juntas, nos permitan “entender mejor cómo gestionar los riesgos emergentes en un mundo incierto y complejo”El presente artículo presenta una visión general de los diferentes resultados y herramientas desarrolladas a través del proyecto iNTeg-Risk, resaltando algunos logros muy importantes en relación con riesgos emergentes en el área de seguridad de los procesos tales como la regasificación de LNG, operaciones remotas, eventos NaTech, entre otros. Con el fin de asegurar sostenibilidad de los resultados de iNTeg-Risk, el radar europeo de riesgos emergente (E2R2 es una iniciativa prevista como uno de los caminos potenciales para el reconocimiento temprano, monitoreo y gestión de riesgos emergentes.En su fase inicial, los principales componentes de la iniciativa E2R2 son las aplicaciones/herramientas desarrolladas a lo largo del proyecto iNTeg-Risk, tales como RiskAtlas, RiskEars, RiskRadar, RiskClock, RiskTweet, etc. Las entradas multicanales para la iniciativa E2R2 han sido planeadas ser de diferentes fuentes: expertos, proyectos de investigación, publicaciones científicas, aplicaciones web, redes sociales/profesionales y el público en general, por lo tanto, una colaboración posible con interesados latinoamericanos en el futuro seria beneficiosa especialmente para aquellos riesgos emergentes con un carácter más globalizado.

empirical study of the characteristics of afzelia africana seed under

African Journals Online (AJOL)

HP

significant probably because of the thick seed coat. True density did not show a consistent variation with change in moisture content. 3.2 Mechanical Properties. The mechanical properties study was conducted using the data obtained from the compressive loading of the. Afzelia Africana seeds in a monsan to tensiometer.

Kinetics of saponification of Treculia africana oil using a locally ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

The investigation on the saponification of Treculia africana (breadfruit) oil using a locally obtained alkaline (Ngu) extracted from the burnt female inflorescence of oil palm bunch using kinetic approach proved successful and showed a high probability of producing good quality toilet soap. The result obtained revealed that ...

Improvement of growth, fermentative efficiency and ethanol tolerance of Kloeckera africana during the fermentation of Agave tequilana juice by addition of yeast extract.

Science.gov (United States)

Díaz-Montaño, Dulce M; Favela-Torres, Ernesto; Córdova, Jesus

2010-01-30

The aim of this work was to improve the productivity and yield of tequila fermentation and to propose the use of a recently isolated non-Saccharomyces yeast in order to obtain a greater diversity of flavour and aroma of the beverage. For that, the effects of the addition of different nitrogen (N) sources to Agave tequilana juice on the growth, fermentative capacity and ethanol tolerance of Kloeckera africana and Saccharomyces cerevisiae were studied and compared. Kloeckera africana K1 and S. cerevisiae S1 were cultured in A. tequilana juice supplemented with ammonium sulfate, diammonium phosphate or yeast extract. Kloeckera africana did not assimilate inorganic N sources, while S. cerevisiae utilised any N source. Yeast extract stimulated the growth, fermentative capacity and alcohol tolerance of K. africana, giving kinetic parameter values similar to those calculated for S. cerevisiae. This study revealed the importance of supplementing A. tequilana juice with a convenient N source to achieve fast and complete conversion of sugars in ethanol, particularly in the case of K. africana. This yeast exhibited similar growth and fermentative capacity to S. cerevisiae. The utilisation of K. africana in the tequila industry is promising because of its variety of synthesised aromatic compounds, which would enrich the attributes of this beverage. (c) 2009 Society of Chemical Industry.

Biodiesel from the seed oil of Treculia africana with high free fatty acid content

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Adewuyi, Adewale [Redeemer' s University, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Redemption City, Ogun State (Nigeria); Oderinde, Rotimi A.; Ojo, David F.K. [University of Ibadan, Industrial Unit, Department of Chemistry, Ibadan, Oyo State (Nigeria)

2012-12-15

Oil was extracted from the seed of Treculia africana using hexane. The oil was characterized and used in the production of biodiesel. Biodiesel was produced from the seed oil of T. africana using a two-step reaction system. The first step was a pretreatment which involved the use of 2 % sulfuric acid in methanol, and secondly, transesterification reaction using KOH as catalyst. Saponification value of the oil was 201.70 {+-} 0.20 mg KOH/g, free fatty acid was 8.20 {+-} 0.50 %, while iodine value was 118.20 {+-} 0.50 g iodine/100 g. The most dominant fatty acid was C18:2 (44 %). The result of the method applied showed a conversion which has ester content above 98 %, flash point of 131 {+-} 1.30 C, and phosphorus content below 1 ppm in the biodiesel. The biodiesel produced exhibited properties that were in agreement with the European standard (EN 14214). This study showed that the high free fatty acid content of T. africana seed oil can be reduced in a one-step pretreatment of esterification reaction using H{sub 2}SO{sub 4} as catalyst. (orig.)

Pulmonary aspergillosis in an African elephant (Loxodonta africana).

Science.gov (United States)

Kaim, Ute; Paltian, Vanja; Krudewig, Christiane; Nieder, Anne; Wohlsein, Peter

2009-04-01

A 26-year-old female African elephant (Loxodonta africana) with a history of purulent pododermatitis, recurrent abdominal pain, and severe weight loss died spontaneously after a period of deteriorating disease. The main pathological finding was a severe bilateral pyogranulomatous, partially necrotizing pneumonia with numerous intralesional fungal hyphae. At microbiological examination Aspergillus spp. were isolated. The present case indicates that mycotic pneumonia should to be considered as a differential diagnosis of pulmonary disorders in elephants.

Uncommon mandibular osteomyelitis in a cat caused by Nocardia africana.

Science.gov (United States)

de Farias, Marconi Rodrigues; Werner, Juliana; Ribeiro, Márcio Garcia; Rodigheri, Sabrina Marin; Cavalcante, Carolina Zaghi; Chi, Kung Darh; Condas, Larissa Anuska Zeni; Gonoi, Tohru; Matsuzama, Tetsuhiro; Yazama, Katsukiyo

2012-12-06

Nocardiosis is an unusual infection in companion animals characterized by suppurative to pyogranulomatous lesions, localized or disseminated. Cutaneous-subcutaneous, pulmonary and systemic signs are observed in feline nocardiosis. However, osteomyelitis is a rare clinical manifestation in cats. Nocardia cyriacigeorgica (formerly N. asteroides sensu stricto), Nocardia brasiliensis, Nocardia otitidiscaviarum, and Nocardia nova are the most common pathogenic species identified in cats, based on recent molecular classification (16S rRNA gene). The present report is, to our knowledge, the first case of mandibular osteomyelitis in a cat caused by Nocardia africana, diagnosed based upon a combination of methods, including molecular techniques. A one-year-old non-neutered female cat, raised in a rural area, was admitted to the Companion Animal Hospital-PUCPR, São José dos Pinhais, State of Paraná, Brazil, with a history a progressive facial lesion, difficulty apprehending food, loss of appetite, apathy and emaciation. Clinical examination showed fever, submandibular lymphadenitis, and a painless, 8 cm diameter mass, which was irregularly-shaped, of firm consistency, and located in the region of the left mandible. The skin around the lesion was friable, with diffuse inflammation (cellulitis), multiple draining sinuses, and exudation of serosanguinous material containing whitish "sulfur" granules.Diagnosis was based initially in clinical signs, microbiological culture, cytological, and histopathological findings, and radiographic images. Molecular sequencing of 16S rRNA of isolate allowed diagnosis of Nocardia africana. Despite supportive care and antimicrobial therapy based on in vitro susceptibility testing the animal died. The present report describes a rare clinical case of feline osteomyelitis caused by Nocardia africana, diagnosed based upon a combination of clinical signs, microbiological culture, cytological and histopathological findings, radiographic images, and

In Vivo Hypoglycemic Effect of Kigelia africana (Lam): Studies With Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Mice.

Science.gov (United States)

Njogu, Stephen M; Arika, Wycliffe M; Machocho, Alex K; Ngeranwa, Joseph J N; Njagi, Eliud N M

2018-01-01

The claims by the traditional herbal medicine practitioners that Kigelia africana has bioactivity against several diseases, including diabetes mellitus, were investigated in this study. Type I diabetes mellitus was induced in mice by intraperitoneal administration of alloxan monohydrate followed by treatment with the therapeutic doses of the aqueous and ethyl acetate leaf extract of K africana to the experimentally diabetic mice. The treatment effects were compared with the normal control, diabetic control, and diabetic control rats treated with a standard antidiabetic drugs (insulin administered intraperitoneally at 1 IU/kg body weight in 0.1 mL physiological saline or glibenclamide administered orally at 3 mg/kg body weight in 0.1 mL physiological saline). Phytochemical composition of the leaf extract was assessed using standard procedures and mineral elements assessed using atomic absorption spectrophotometry and total reflection X-ray fluorescence system. Oral and intraperitoneal administration of the aqueous and ethyl acetate leaf extract caused a statistically significant dose-independent reduction in plasma glucose level in alloxan-induced diabetic mice. The observed hypoglycemic activity of this plant extract could be attributed to the observed phytochemicals and trace elements, which have been associated with exhibiting antidiabetic properties. Therefore, the data appear to support the hypoglycemic effects of K africana validating its folkloric usage.

Una valoración de la geografía y la diáspora africana

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Judith A. Carney

2006-01-01

Full Text Available El estudio de la diáspora Africana se ha vuelto un area vibrante de investigación y enseñanza en los años recientes a través de las disciplinas. Sin embargo, hay muy pocas contribuciones geográficas. Este artículo busca invertir esta tendencia. Se revisa el trabajo relevante de geógrafos en el Atlántico Negro para identificar temas prometedores para la investigación futura. La dispersión de plantas Africanas y el papel de los esclavos en establecer estas plantas es especialmente prometedor. Esta dirección de investigación clarifica los componentes Africanos de Intercambio Colombino mientras llama la atención sobre la importancia de la subsistencia en el negocio transatlántico de esclavos y la economía de las plantaciones. Las comidas básicas de origen Africano sirvieron a la subsistencia y a la memoria. Plantas Africanas figuran de manera prominente en los caminos de la comida en la diáspora, las practicas litúrgicas de las religiones Afro-sincréticas, y en las historias orales de Maroon.

Effect of Methanol extract of Kigelia africana on Sperm Motility and ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

The fertility activities of the fruit of Kigelia africana Lam. Benth. Family Bignoniaceae, a medicinal plant used in south eastern Nigeria by local traditional healers for treatment of fertility abnormalities especially in male and female adults has been carried out. The research revealed that male rats treated with the methanol ...

Banco de sementes e flora emergente de plantas daninhas Seed bank and abovegroud weed

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

R.A. Isaac

2008-01-01

Full Text Available Com o objetivo estudar a relação existente entre o banco de sementes e o posterior estabelecimento da flora emergente de plantas daninhas, sob sistema de semeadura direta e convencional, realizou-se uma pesquisa no município de Pedra Preta-MT. O banco de sementes e a flora emergente foram avaliados, em cada sistema de cultivo, em 50 células contíguas de 1 m². O banco de sementes foi determinado a partir de amostras de 2,4% da área de cada célula na profundidade de 0-5 cm, em setembro de 2003, por meio da técnica de flotação. A flora emergente foi avaliada por meio de seis levantamentos sucessivos, até novembro de 2004, realizados na área total de cada célula, com retirada dos indivíduos após cada avaliação. Esses dados foram utilizados para calcular os parâmetros fitossociológicos e também a correlação entre o banco de sementes e a flora emergente. A similaridade entre o banco de sementes e a flora emergente foi baixa tanto no sistema de semeadura direta quanto no convencional. Houve correlação significativa apenas para Amaranthus deflexus e Eleusine indica entre o banco de sementes e a flora emergente. Para A. deflexus a correlação foi significativa nos dois sistemas de semeadura e, para E. indica, somente para semeadura direta.A study was carried out in Pedra Petra-MT aiming to study the relation between seed bank and posterior aboveground weed in annual crop fields under no-till and tillage systems. The seed bank and weed flora were assessed in fifty contiguous 1 m² cells, under both cultivation systems. The seed bank was determined from soil samples from 4% of the area of each cell at 0-5 cm depth using the flotation technique. The aboveground weed vegetation was evaluated by six successive surveys until November 2004, carried out in the total area of each cell, with removal of the individuals from the area after each evaluation. These data were used to calculate the phyto-sociological parameters and the

Differentiation in a geographical mosaic of plants coevolving with ants: phylogeny of the Leonardoxa africana complex (Fabaceae: Caesalpinioideae) using amplified fragment length polymorphism markers.

Science.gov (United States)

Brouat, C; McKey, D; Douzery, E J P

2004-05-01

Comprising four allopatric subspecies that exhibit various grades of ant-plant interactions, from diffuse to obligate and symbiotic associations, the Leonardoxa africana complex (Fabaceae, Caesalpinioideae) provides a good opportunity to investigate the evolutionary history of ant-plant mutualisms. A previous study of the L. africana complex based on chloroplast DNA noncoding sequences revealed a lack of congruence between clades suggested by morphological and plastid characters. In this study, we analysed phylogenetic relationships within the L. africana complex using a Bayesian probability approach on amplified fragment length polymorphism markers. The results reported permit partial validation of the four subspecies of L. africana previously defined by morphological and ecological markers. Incongruences between phylogenies based on chloroplast DNA and amplified fragment length polymorphism markers are discussed in the light of morphological and ecological data, and confronted with hypotheses of convergence, lineage sorting and introgression.

Emprender en economías emergentes: el entorno institucional y su desarrollo

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Antonia Mercedes García-Cabrera

2015-07-01

Full Text Available Dos motivaciones justifican el presente trabajo: (1 el interés por impulsar la actividad emprendedora como mecanismo de crecimiento en las economías emergentes y (2 la necesidad de desarrollar investigaciones sobre la influencia que las instituciones del entorno ejercen sobre la actividad emprendedora y que se sustenten, más que en un planteamiento de resultados, en el análisis de los procesos, dinámicas e interacciones entre tales elementos para favorecer el emprendimiento. Sobre la base de ellas, se formulan las dos cuestiones de investigación siguientes: ¿cómo interactúan los factores institucionales del entorno para influir en la decisión emprendedora del individuo en una economía emergente?, y ¿qué planteamientos subyacen a los distintos enfoques de actuación que coexisten en la economía institucional para lograr el desarrollo institucional y económico buscado? Las respuestas que ofrecemos a estos interrogantes nos permiten establecer proposiciones de investigación novedosas sobre la particular incidencia que las instituciones ejercen sobre el emprendimiento en las economías emergentes, proporcionando nuevas relaciones que deben ser exploradas empíricamente para mejorar nuestra comprensión del emprendimiento y su promoción efectiva en tales contextos económicos.

Use patterns, use values and management of Afzelia africana Sm. in Burkina Faso: implications for species domestication and sustainable conservation.

Science.gov (United States)

Balima, Larba Hubert; Nacoulma, Blandine Marie Ivette; Ekué, Marius Rodrigue Mensah; Kouamé, François N'Guessan; Thiombiano, Adjima

2018-03-27

The lack of literature on the interactions between indigenous people and the valuable agroforestry trees hinder the promotion of sustainable management of plant resources in West African Sahel. This study aimed at assessing local uses and management of Afzelia africana Sm. in Burkina Faso, as a prerequisite to address issues of domestication and sustainable conservation. One thousand forty-four peoples of seven dominant ethnic groups were questioned in 11 villages through 221 semi-structured focus group interviews. The surveys encompassed several rural communities living around six protected areas along the species distribution range. Questions refer mainly to vernacular names of A. africana, locals' motivations to conserve the species, the uses, management practices and local ecological knowledge on the species. Citation frequency was calculated for each response item of each questionnaire section to obtain quantitative data. The quantitative data were then submitted to comparison tests and multivariate statistics in R program. A. africana is a locally well-known tree described as a refuge of invisible spirits. Due to this mystery and its multipurpose uses, A. africana is conserved within the agroforestry systems. The species is widely and mostly used as fodder (87.55%), drugs (75.93%), fetish or sanctuary (70.95%), food (41.49%), and raw material for carpentry (36.19%) and construction (7.05%). While the uses as fodder, food and construction involved one organ, the leaves and wood respectively, the medicinal use was the most diversified. All tree organs were traditionally used in 10 medical prescriptions to cure about 20 diseases. The species use values differed between ethnic groups with lower values within the Dagara and Fulani. The findings reveal a total absence of specific management practices such as assisted natural regeneration, seeding, or transplantation of A. africana sapling. However, trees were permanently pruned and debarked by local people

Juridicialização da vida: democracia e participação. Anarquia e o que resta Juridicialization of life: democracy and participation. Anarchy and what is left

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Acácio Augusto

2012-01-01

Full Text Available Este artigo descreve algumas práticas contemporâneas de juridicialização da vida como componentes dos atuais campos de concentração a céu aberto. Privilegia essas práticas incidindo sobre crianças e jovens considerados adolescentes infratores, a saber, a administração de aplicação de medidas socioeducativas em meio aberto e as experiências em justiça restaurativa no Brasil. Discutindo, também, a precisão dos termos judicialização e juridicialização, o texto ao final pergunta-se sobre as resistências a partir da existência de crianças, a anarquia e o que resta.This article describes some contemporary practices of judicialization of life as components of actual borderless concentration camps. Emphasizes the practices that focus on children and youngsters considered adolescent offenders, namely, the management of social and educational measures applied in open environment and the experiences of restorative justice in Brazil. Also discusses the accuracy of terms as judicializatin e juricialization. In the end, the text asks about the resistances starting from the existence of children, the anarchy and what is left.

Uncommon mandibular osteomyelitis in a cat caused by Nocardia africana

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

de Farias Marconi

2012-12-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background Nocardiosis is an unusual infection in companion animals characterized by suppurative to pyogranulomatous lesions, localized or disseminated. Cutaneous-subcutaneous, pulmonary and systemic signs are observed in feline nocardiosis. However, osteomyelitis is a rare clinical manifestation in cats. Nocardia cyriacigeorgica (formerly N. asteroides sensu stricto, Nocardia brasiliensis, Nocardia otitidiscaviarum, and Nocardia nova are the most common pathogenic species identified in cats, based on recent molecular classification (16S rRNA gene. The present report is, to our knowledge, the first case of mandibular osteomyelitis in a cat caused by Nocardia africana, diagnosed based upon a combination of methods, including molecular techniques. Case presentation A one-year-old non-neutered female cat, raised in a rural area, was admitted to the Companion Animal Hospital-PUCPR, São José dos Pinhais, State of Paraná, Brazil, with a history a progressive facial lesion, difficulty apprehending food, loss of appetite, apathy and emaciation. Clinical examination showed fever, submandibular lymphadenitis, and a painless, 8 cm diameter mass, which was irregularly-shaped, of firm consistency, and located in the region of the left mandible. The skin around the lesion was friable, with diffuse inflammation (cellulitis, multiple draining sinuses, and exudation of serosanguinous material containing whitish “sulfur” granules. Diagnosis was based initially in clinical signs, microbiological culture, cytological, and histopathological findings, and radiographic images. Molecular sequencing of 16S rRNA of isolate allowed diagnosis of Nocardia africana. Despite supportive care and antimicrobial therapy based on in vitro susceptibility testing the animal died. Conclusion The present report describes a rare clinical case of feline osteomyelitis caused by Nocardia africana, diagnosed based upon a combination of clinical signs, microbiological

Evaluation of the effects of Olea europaea L. subsp. africana (Mill.) P.S. Green (Oleaceae) leaf methanol extract against castor oil-induced diarrhoea in mice.

Science.gov (United States)

Amabeoku, George J; Bamuamba, Kapinga

2010-03-01

Olea europaea L. subsp. africana (Mill.) P.S. Green is widely used in South Africa by traditional medicine practitioners to treat diarrhoea. However, little is known scientifically about this South African species in the treatment of diarrhoea. The main aim of the study therefore was to investigate the antidiarrhoeal effect of the leaf methanol extract of the plant species in mice. The antidiarrhoeal activity of the leaf methanol extract of O. europaea subsp. africana was studied using a castor oil-induced diarrhoeal test. The antipropulsive activity of the plant extract was also investigated using the charcoal meal transit test. Standard methods were used to investigate the acute toxicity and effect of O. europaea subsp. africana on castor oil-induced intraluminal fluid accumulation. Leaf methanol extract of O. europaea subsp. africana and loperamide, a standard antidiarrhoeal drug, significantly reduced the number of diarrhoeal episodes induced by castor oil, significantly decreased the stool mass, significantly delayed the onset of the diarrhoea and protected the animals against castor oil-induced diarrhoea. Both O. europaea subsp. africana and loperamide significantly decreased the gastrointestinal transit of charcoal meal and castor oil-induced intraluminal fluid accumulation in mice. The LD50 value was found to be 3475 mg/kg (p.o.). The results obtained suggest that the leaf methanol extract of O. europaea subsp. africana has an antidiarrhoeal property and that, given orally, it may be non-toxic and/or safe in mice.

Efectos de los estrógenos como contaminantes emergentes en la salud y el ambiente

OpenAIRE

Ramírez-Sánchez, Irwing M.; Martínez-Austria, Polioptro; Quiroz-Alfaro, Marco A.; Bandala, Erick R.

2015-01-01

Los contaminantes emergentes son sustancias que tienen el potencial de dañar al ser humano, flora y fauna, y no están regulados por la legislación. Los estrógenos son parte de esta definición, es decir, contaminantes emergentes, que cuando incrementan su concentración en el ser humano o el ambiente causan daño. Los seres humanos están expuestos a concentraciones altas de estrógenos debido a su uso como parte de terapias de reemplazo hormonal o métodos anticonceptivos. Flora y fauna están expu...

Canabinoides sintéticos: drogas de abuso emergentes

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Audrei de Oliveira Alves

2012-01-01

Full Text Available CONTEXTO: A Cannabis sativa (cannabis, maconha, marijuana é uma droga de abuso com efeitos psicoativos e potencial terapêutico bastante conhecidos. Um grande número de canabinoides foi sintetizado na tentativa de excluir ou minimizar os efeitos psicotrópicos e mantendo as aplicações terapêuticas. Os canabinoides sintéticos representam o mais recente avanço das designer drugs. OBJETIVOS: Este trabalho busca trazer informações sobre a utilização de canabinoides sintéticos como drogas de abuso emergentes, principalmente sob a forma de spice ou herbal blends. MÉTODOS: Foi realizada uma pesquisa bibliográfica na base de dados PubMed utilizando os descritores de assunto "synthetic cannabinoids", "spice", "legal highs", "herbal blends", "psychosis cannabis" e suas combinações. RESULTADOS: Foram encontrados canabinoides sintéticos nos produtos Spice, confirmando que os incensos herbais realmente surgiram como drogas de abuso emergentes. CONCLUSÃO: Não está claro se a utilização de canabinoides sintéticos e de Spice é uma moda passageira ou se irá se estabelecer em nossa sociedade. No entanto, o fenômeno das designer drugs, especialmente canabinoides sintéticos, representa um desafio presente para o sistemas de saúde no mundo globalizado, tornando-se necessária a pesquisa clínica e forense desses produtos.

Candida glabrata um patogénio emergente?

OpenAIRE

Matilde, Filipa Alexandra Veiga

2014-01-01

Dissertação para obtenção do grau de Mestre no Instituto Superior de Ciências da Saúde Egas Moniz Nas últimas décadas as infecções fúngicas têm aumentado exponencialmente. Apesar de Candida albicans (C. albicans) continuar a ser a espécie isolada com maior frequência, as espécies não albicans tem vindo a proliferar rapidamente. Candida glabrata (C. glabrata) é uma das espécies emergentes como patogénio oportunista humano, sendo responsável maioritariamente por candidoses invasivas em pacie...

Gc-ms, hplc profiling, antioxidant, antimicrobial and cytotoxicity studies of malcolmia africana leaves

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bokhari, T.H.; Rasool, N.; Riaz, M.; Riaz, M.

2014-01-01

Plants are known to be the richest source of natural antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. The use of herbs and medicinal plants as the first medicines is a universal phenomenon. The present study was carried out to examine the antioxidant, antimicrobial and cytotoxicity potential Malcolmia africana leaves extract, fraction, essential oil and fixed oil. The whole plant was extracted with absolute methanol and further fractionated with increasing polarity based absolute solvents. Different fractions were taken by solvent extraction method and their antimicrobial activities were determined. The IC50 and % inhibition by linoleic acid oxidation was evaluated for the antioxidant studies. The cytotoxicity of the plant extract and fractions were assayed against human blood erythrocytes (RBCs). The DPPH scavenging and linoleic acid oxidation assays were carried out. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of secondary metabolites was also carried out. The presence of phenolics was also studied by HPLC. The GC-MS analysis of Malcolmia africana essential oil and fixed oil was also carried out. (author)

Comparative study of the chemical composition and mineral element content of Artocarpus heterophyllus and Treculia africana seeds and seed oils.

Science.gov (United States)

Ajayi, Ibironke Adetolu

2008-07-01

A comparative study of Artocarpus heterophyllus and Treculia africana seeds, both of Moraceae family, was carried out to establish their chemical compositions and evaluate their mineral element content in order to investigate the possibility of using them for human and or animal consumption and also to examine if there is a relationship between the properties of these seeds. A. heterophyllus and T. africana are rich in protein; their protein contents are higher than those from high protein animal sources such as beef and marine fishes. Both seeds have high carbohydrate content and could act as source of energy for animals if included in their diets. The oil contents of the seeds are 11.39% and 18.54% for A. heterophyllus and T. africana, respectively. The oils are consistently liquid at room temperature. The results of the physicochemical properties of the two seeds are comparable to those of conventional oil seeds such as groundnut and palm kernel oils and could be useful for nutritional and industrial purposes. The seeds were found to be good sources of mineral elements. The result revealed potassium to be the prevalent mineral elements which are 2470.00 ppm and 1680.00 ppm for A. heterophyllus and T. africana, respectively followed by sodium, magnesium and then calcium. They also contain reasonable quantity of iron, in particular A. heterophyllus 148.50 ppm.

MICROCONTAMINANTES EMERGENTES EN AGUAS: TIPOS Y SISTEMAS DE TRATAMIENTO

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Yolanda Patiño

2014-01-01

Full Text Available En el presente artículo se revisan las distintas clases de contaminantes emergentes, su origen y uso, y su presencia en las cuencas españolas, tanto en aguas superficiales como subterráneas. Los microcontaminantes emergentes son compuestos de distinto origen y naturaleza que hasta ahora habían pasado inadvertidos debido a su baja concentración (en el orden de las ppb y sobre los que no hay regulación específica. Están divididos en seis grandes grupos y muchos de ellos se comportan como disruptores endocrinos, provocando efectos negativos sobre la salud humana y el medio ambiente. Se encuentran presentes en las aguas ya que las plantas de tratamiento de aguas residuales no están diseñadas para su eliminación, por lo que están siendo vertidos. Se discuten las distintas alternativas para su eliminación – tratamiento físico-químicos, biológicos y tecnologías híbridas - , destacando dentro de los procesos físico-químicos el empleo de procesos avanzados de oxidación (AOPs que están resultando muy prometedores.

ANALGESIC ACTIVITY OF PET ETHER, AQUEOUS, AND HYDRO-ETHANOLIC LEAF EXTRACTS OF ASPILIA AFRICANA (PERS) C.D. ADAMS (ASTERACEAE) IN RODENTS

OpenAIRE

Koffuor George Asumeng; Ameyaw Elvis Ofori; Oppong Kyekyeku James; Amponsah Kingsley Isaac; Sunkwa Andrews; Semenyo Samuella Afriyie

2013-01-01

Traditionally, Aspilia africana is used in the management of pain in Ghana and most parts of West Africa. This study therefore investigated the analgesic effect of the petroleum ether, aqueous, and hydro-ethanolic leaf extracts of Aspilia africana using rodent models. Preliminary phytochemical screening was done on all the extracts, which showed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, glycosides, phytosterols and terpenoids. The extracts (40-400 mg/kg p.o.) were administered...

EVALUACIÓN DEL APRENDIZAJE EMERGENTE: UNA EXPERIENCIA CON ESTUDIANTES UNIVERSITARIAS DE EDUCACIÓN PREESCOLAR

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Eleonora Badilla Saxe

2008-01-01

Full Text Available Se aborda en este ensayo la necesidad de comprender y evaluar el aprendizaje como un fenómeno emergente, más allá del aprendizaje previsto en los planes de estudio y diseño curricular. Se ejemplifica con la reflexión del propio aprendizaje emergente de la autora en su proceso de dirección de un proyecto de investigación-acción en la Universidad de Costa Rica. En dicha investigación-acción participaron once estudiantes de licenciatura en educación preescolar y veinticinco niños y niñas de 5 y 6 años que contaron con materiales digitales en su ambiente y proceso de aprendizaje.

Comparative study of physicochemical analysis of prosopis africana seeds fermented with different starter cultures

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

G. P. Oyeyiola

2017-01-01

Full Text Available Prosopis africana (African mesquite is one of the lesser known legume seed crops in Nigeria, which in a fermented state, gives a food condiment. Because of its rich protein content (about 34%, efforts are made to utilize some lesser known legumes to improve the nutritional status of the people. This study was carried out by fermenting Prosopis africana seeds with mono and mixed cultures of bacterial isolates to produce a local condiment called Okpehe. Standard AOAC methods were used to determine the pH, total sugar and crude protein content of the fermented seeds. During the production of Okpehe with mono cultures of bacteria, the pH ranged between 6.80 and 8.92; total sugar between 10.2 and 7.5 mg/g, and crude protein between 34.62 and 41.25%. In the mixed culture inoculated samples, the pH increased from 7.00 to 8.92; total sugar decreased from 9.4 to 7.4 mg/g, while the crude protein increased (35.02 - 44.61% significantly (p < 0.05 as the fermentation progressed. The highest crude protein content of 44.61% was obtained with the combination of Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus licheniformis, while the lowest protein content referred to the combination of Bacillus megaterium and Bacillus pumilus. The result of this study showed that Prosopis africana seeds could be utilized for the production of Okpehe using mixed cultures of B. subtilis and B. licheniformis, so as to increase the protein intake of the populace.

A Review of the Potential of Phytochemicals from Prunus africana (Hook f. Kalkman Stem Bark for Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy of Prostate Cancer

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Richard Komakech

2017-01-01

Full Text Available Prostate cancer remains one of the major causes of death worldwide. In view of the limited treatment options for patients with prostate cancer, preventive and treatment approaches based on natural compounds can play an integral role in tackling this disease. Recent evidence supports the beneficial effects of plant-derived phytochemicals as chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic agents for various cancers, including prostate cancer. Prunus africana has been used for generations in African traditional medicine to treat prostate cancer. This review examined the potential roles of the phytochemicals from P. africana, an endangered, sub-Saharan Africa plant in the chemoprevention and chemotherapy of prostate cancer. In vitro and in vivo studies have provided strong pharmacological evidence for antiprostate cancer activities of P. africana-derived phytochemicals. Through synergistic interactions between different effective phytochemicals, P. africana extracts have been shown to exhibit very strong antiandrogenic and antiangiogenic activities and have the ability to kill tumor cells via apoptotic pathways, prevent the proliferation of prostate cancer cells, and alter the signaling pathways required for the maintenance of prostate cancer cells. However, further preclinical and clinical studies ought to be done to advance and eventually use these promising phytochemicals for the prevention and chemotherapy of human prostate cancer.

Revitalization of Emergentism in SLA: A Panacea!

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Nima Shakouri Masouleh

2012-09-01

Full Text Available Emergentists claim learning takes place by extracting regularities from the input. By the same token, Ellis (1998 disputed the view held by generative linguistics that such a complex phenomenon as language can only be learnt if it is assumed that humans are endowed genetically with a language specific learning device. Emergentists, as O’Grady (2003 reports, claim simple learning mechanisms are sufficient to bring about the emergence of complex language representations. Nevertheless, this perspective toward learning has so far failed to take into account how language competence could emerge (O’Grady, 2003. The following paper is an attempt to elucidate the theoretical assumptions behind emergentism.

La Gestión de Tecnologías Emergentes en el Ámbito Universitario

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Claudia N. Jiménez-Hernández

2011-06-01

Full Text Available El carácter emergente de algunas tecnologías hace que tengan un alto grado de incertidumbre, lo que a su vez conlleva particularidades en su manejo respecto a las tecnologías maduras. El objetivo de este artículo es analizar la gestión de tecnologías emergentes en el contexto internacional, con énfasis en el ámbito universitario; para ello, se aplican técnicas cienciométricas a información obtenida de bases de datos de artículos científicos y técnicos. Así mismo, se examina el papel de las universidades, para lo cual se hace un análisis comparativo de algunos casos de reconocido impacto en el nivel mundial. Entre los resultados obtenidos está la identificación de áreas relevantes como la nanotecnología y la telefonía móvil, y la caracterización del manejo de las tecnologías emergentes en las universidades seleccionadas. Esto da la base para plantear algunas conclusiones y consideraciones, como la necesidad de que las universidades colombianas lideren el desarrollo tecnológico en el país promoviendo su impacto en el sector productivo, para lo cual requieren consolidar estructuras y políticas claras en el tema, así como una cultura en propiedad intelectual.

Potentials of leaves of Aspilia africana (Compositae in wound care: an experimental evaluation

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Akah PA

2007-07-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background The potentials of the leaves of the haemorrhage plant, Aspilia africana C. D Adams (Compositae in wound care was evaluated using experimental models. A. africana, which is widespread in Africa, is used in traditional medicine to stop bleeding from wounds, clean the surfaces of sores, in the treatment of rheumatic pains, bee and scorpion stings and for removal of opacities and foreign bodies from the eyes. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the potentials for use of leaves of this plant in wound care. Methods The effect of the methanol extract (ME and the hexane (HF and methanol (MF fractions (obtained by cold maceration and graded solvent extraction respectively on bleeding/clotting time of fresh experimentally-induced wounds in rats, coagulation time of whole rat blood, growth of microbial wound contaminants and rate of healing of experimentally-induced wounds in rats were studied as well as the acute toxicity and lethality (LD50 of the methanol extract and phytochemical analysis of the extract and fractions. Results The extract and fractions significantly (P ME>HF. Also, the extract and fractions caused varying degrees of inhibition of the growth of clinical isolates of Pseudomonas fluorescens and Staphylococcus aureus, as well as typed strains of Ps. aeruginosa (ATCC 10145 and Staph. aureus (ATCC 12600, and reduced epithelialisation period of wounds experimentally-induced in rats. Acute toxicity and lethality (LD50 test in mice established an i.p LD50 of 894 mg/kg for the methanol extract (ME. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of alkaloids, saponins, tannins, flavonoids, resins, sterols, terpenoids and carbohydrates. Conclusion The leaves of A. africana possess constituents capable of arresting wound bleeding, inhibiting the growth of microbial wound contaminants and accelerating wound healing which suggest good potentials for use in wound care.

Antidiarrheal activity of methanolic extract of the root bark of Cordia africana

OpenAIRE

Asrie, Assefa Belay; Abdelwuhab, Mohammedbrhan; Shewamene, Zewdneh; Gelayee, Desalegn Asmelashe; Adinew, Getnet Mequanint; Birru, Eshetie Melese

2016-01-01

Assefa Belay Asrie, Mohammedbrhan Abdelwuhab, Zewdneh Shewamene, Desalegn Asmelashe Gelayee, Getnet Mequanint Adinew, Eshetie Melese Birru Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia Abstract: An ethnobotanical study in Agew-Awi and Amhara peoples in northwest Ethiopia reported that Cordia africana is used traditionally in the treatment of liver disease, amebiasis, stomachache...

Liberation Through Education: Teaching #BlackLivesMatter in Africana Studies

OpenAIRE

Danielle M. Wallace

2016-01-01

This paper is based on teaching about #BlackLivesMatter in Africana Studies in two seminar courses during the Spring of 2015 and 2016, respectively. Guided by a pedagogy grounded in the belief that education can be a tool of social justice, arguments are made for how to frame discussions of #BlackLivesMatter in regard to the socio-historical circumstances that inform and shape the modern day movement. In addition, suggestions are made for including a discussion of the tradition of activism wi...

FITOTOXICIDADE DE HERBICIDAS PRÉ EMERGENTES EM MUDAS CLONAIS DE EUCALIPTO

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ivan da Costa Ilhéu Fontan

2016-12-01

Full Text Available O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a fitotoxicidade de herbicidas pré emergentes sobre mudas de Eucalyptus urophylla, de modo a subsidiar recomendações de uso em condições de campo. O trabalho foi conduzido em viveiro de eucalipto localizado em Curvelo/MG, utilizando-se os herbicidas pré emergentes isoxaflutole, flumioxazin, sulfentrazone e clomazone + carfentrazone-ethyl, simulando uma taxa de 200 l/ha de calda. O experimento foi estabelecido em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com 15 repetições. A sensibilidade dos clones foi avaliada por meio da incidência e da severidade dos sintomas de intoxicação foliar nas mudas, verificadas um, cinco e dez dias após a aplicação. Os herbicidas isoxaflutole e flumioxazin não provocaram reações adversas às mudas, permitindo sua utilização sobre as plantas. Já a pulverização de sulfentrazone e clomazone + carfentrazone-ethyl provocou a manifestação de sintomas de fitotoxicidade (manchas foliares e murcha apical, e desta forma, sua aplicação não é recomendada sobre as mudas, e seu uso deve ser limitado entre as atividades de preparo de solo e plantio.

Juego emergente: ¿Nuevas formas de contar historias en videojuegos?

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Federico Peinado

2012-04-01

Full Text Available Tras treinta años de desarrollo caracterizados por la escalada en rendimiento del hardware, el mercado de los videojuegos está sufriendo una lenta transformación. Los últimos avances tecnológicos en gráficos están empezando a no ser tan decisivos como las mejoras en inteligencia artificial o las nuevas ideas de diseño. Una vez asumido el boom del mercado de los videojuegos y el crecimiento en el espectro social de jugadores, la industria y la comunidad investigadora de reciente creación se están interesando en un nuevo concepto de juego que pone la potencia actual del hardware al servicio del diseño de experiencias interactivas donde el jugador se sienta aún más involucrado. Con este nuevo concepto de juego emergente da comienzo una etapa importante en cuanto a las propiedades narrativas del videojuego: el devenir de los acontecimientos secundarios puede adaptarse al jugador, aunque la historia principal sigue necesitando del autor humano y no puede ser alterada en sus acontecimientos principales. Aún así, el juego emergente representa un esperanzador avance frente a la rígida estructura narrativa con que contaban hasta hace muy poco los videojuegos.

ESTRATEGIAS Y DESEMPEÑO DE LAS NUEVAS Y EMERGENTES EMPRESAS MULTINACIONALES MEXIANAS

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

José G. Vargas-Hernández

2010-11-01

Full Text Available El artículo analiza las nuevas empresas emergentes multinacionales mexicanas (MexEMNEs en el mercado global. Se analizan sus estrategias y desempeño para determinar perfiles y futuros escenarios de desarrollo. Se concluye que la innovación es clave para buscar ventajas y oportunidades en el cambio.

Vegetative Propagation Trial of Prosopis africana (Guill. et Perr.) Taub. by Air Layering under Sudano-Sahelian Climate in the South-Central Niger

OpenAIRE

Abdou, Laouali; Karim, Saley; Habou, Rabiou; Mahamane, Ali

2015-01-01

Prosopis africana is a species of great socioeconomic importance but threatened with extinction in Niger because of overuse and regeneration problem. This study, conducted in the Maradi (Niger) area, precisely at El Gueza in the south of Gazaoua department, aims to evaluate the vegetative propagation capacity of P. africana by air layering under the Sudano-Sahelian climate of the south-central Niger. A ring of bark was taken on each selected branch and the wound was covered with a black plast...

Prunus africana (Hook.f.) Kalkman: the overexploitation of a medicinal plant species and its legal context.

Science.gov (United States)

Bodeker, Gerard; van 't Klooster, Charlotte; Weisbord, Emma

2014-11-01

The linkage between herbal medicines and the sustainability of medical plants from which they are manufactured is increasingly being understood and receiving attention through international accords and trade labeling systems. However, little attention is paid to the fair trade aspects of this sector, including the issue of benefit-sharing agreements with traditional societies whose knowledge and resources are being exploited for commercial herbal medicine development and production. This article examines the case of Prunus africana (Hook.f.) Kalkman, from equatorial Africa. While the conservation and cultivation dimension of the trade in P. africana has been much discussed in literature, no research appears to have focused on the traditional resource rights and related ethical dimensions of this trade in traditional medicine of Africa. Serving as a cautionary tale for the unbridled exploitation of medicinal plants, the history of P. africana extraction is considered here in the context of relevant treaties and agreements existing today. These include the Nagoya Protocol, a supplementary agreement to the Convention on Biological Diversity, the Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights agreement from the World Trade Organization, and two African regional frameworks: the Swakopmund Protocol and the Organisation Africaine de la Propriété Intellectuelle Initiative. In the context of strengthening medicinal plant research in Africa, a novel international capacity-building project on traditional medicines for better public health in Africa will be discussed, illustrating how access and benefit sharing principles might be incorporated in future projects on traditional medicines.

Psicologia do esporte: uma área emergente da psicologia

OpenAIRE

Vieira, Lenamar Fiorese; Vissoci, João Ricardo Nickenig; Oliveira, Leonardo Pestillo de; Vieira, José Luiz Lopes

2010-01-01

O artigo trata da Psicologia do Esporte, um campo de atuação emergente do psicólogo no Brasil. Faz uma análise sobre o percurso histórico da Psicologia Esportiva apresentando os campos de atuação profissional (pesquisa, ensino e intervenção), o papel do psicólogo esportivo (pesquisador, professor e consultor) e o estado científico atual dessa especialidade psicológica. Mesmo com o vasto campo de trabalho, um elemento interveniente é a diversidade de conhecimentos necessários para esta subdivi...

Antibacterial, antifungal and antioxidant activity of Olea africana against pathogenic yeast and nosocomial pathogens.

Science.gov (United States)

Masoko, Peter; Makgapeetja, David M

2015-11-17

Olea africana leaves are used by Bapedi people to treat different ailments. The use of these leaves is not validated, therefore the aim of this study is to validate antimicrobial properties of this plant. The ground leaves were extracted using solvents of varying polarity (hexane, chloroform, dichloromethane (DCM), ethyl acetate, acetone, ethanol, methanol, butanol and water). Thin layer chromatography (TLC) was used to analyse the chemical constituents of the extracts. The TLC plates were developed in three different solvent systems, namely, benzene/ethanol/ammonium solution (BEA), chloroform/ethyl acetate/formic acid (CEF) and ethyl acetate/methanol/water (EMW). The micro-dilution assay and bioautography method were used to evaluate the antibacterial activity of the extracts against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterococcus faecalis and Staphylococcus aureus and the antifungal activity against Candida albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans. Methanol was the best extractant, yielding a larger amount of plant material whereas hexane yielded the least amount. In phytochemical analyses, more compounds were observed in BEA, followed by EMW and CEF. Qualitative 2, 2- diphenylpacryl-1-hydrazyl (DPPH) assay displayed that all the extracts had antioxidant activity. Antioxidant compounds could not be separated using BEA solvent system while with CEF and EMW enabled antioxidant compounds separation. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) values against test bacteria ranged between 0.16 and 2.50 mg/mL whereas against fungi, MIC ranged from 0.16 to 0.63 mg/mL. Bioautography results demonstrated that more than one compound was responsible for antimicrobial activity in the microdilution assay as the compounds were located at different Rf values. The results indicate that leaf extracts of Olea africana contain compounds with antioxidant, antibacterial and antifungal activities. Therefore, further studies are required to isolate the active compounds and perform

Nuclear microprobe studies of elemental distributions in dormant seeds of Burkea africana

Science.gov (United States)

Witkowski, E. T. F.; Weiersbye-Witkowski, I. M.; Przybyłowicz, W. J.; Mesjasz-Przybyłowicz, J.

1997-07-01

Seed nutrient stores are vital post-germination for the establishment of seedlings in harsh and unpredictable environments. Plants of nutrient-poor environments allocate a substantial proportion of total acquired nutrients to reproduction (i.e. seeds). We propose that differential allocation of mineral resources to specific seed tissues is an indication of a species germination and establishment strategy. Burkea africana Hook is a leguminous tree typical of broad-leaved nutrient-poor savannas in southern Africa. Elemental distributions in dormant B. africana seed structures were obtained using the true elemental imaging system (Dynamic Analysis) of the NAC Van de Graaff nuclear microprobe. Raster scans of 3.0 MeV protons were complemented by simultaneous BS and PIXE point analyses. Mineral nutrient concentrations varied greatly between seed tissues. Elevated levels of metals known to play an important role as plant enzyme co-factors were found in the seed lens and embryonic axis. Distributions of most of these metals (Ca, Mn, Fe and Zn, but not K or Cu) were positively correlated with embryonic P distribution, and probably represent phytin deposits. The distribution of metals within seed structures is 'patchy' due to their complexation with P as electron-dense globoid phytin crystals, which constrains the interpretation of PIXE point analyses.

EVALUATION OF CEMENT-BONDED PARTICLE BOARD PRODUCED FROM AFZELIA AFRICANA WOOD RESIDUES

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

OLUFEMI A. SOTANNDE

2012-12-01

Full Text Available The study was design to evaluate the physical and mechanical properties of cement-bonded particleboards produced from Afzelia africana wood residues. The production variables investigated were three wood particle types (flakes, flake-sawdust mix and sawdust, three chemical accelerators (CaCl2, MgCl2 and AlCl3 and four wood-cement ratios (1:2.0, 1:2.5, 1:3.0 and 1:3.5. The accelerators were based on 2% by weight of cement used. The boards produced were subjected to physical tests such as density, percentage water absorption and thickness swelling. Mechanical properties evaluated were modulus of rupture, internal bonding strength and compressive strength. The results revealed that the type of particle used, wood-cement ratio and chemical additives had a marked influence on the physical and mechanical properties of the boards (p < 0.05. From quality view point, flake-sawdust composite ranked best while flake boards ranked least. Similarly, CaCl2 had the best influence on the setting of the boards followed by MgCl2 and AlCl3. Finally, it has been shown that particle boards that satisfied the BISON type HZ requirement and ISO 8335 can be produced from Afzelia africana particularly at wood-cement of 1:2.5 and above.

Poluentes Orgânicos Emergentes: Impactos e Soluções para a Saúde Humana e o Meio Ambiente

OpenAIRE

Nascimento, Lucas X; Trindade Araújo, Reginaldo; Giraldez Alvarez, Lisandro D

2015-01-01

Os Poluentes Orgânicos Emergentes (POE) formam um grupo muito heterogêneo de substâncias cuja característica comum é que causam efeitos adversos sobre os organismos aquáticos, e por isso devem ser removidos do ambiente. Esta revisão fornece uma visão geral dos contaminantes emergentes detectados no ambiente aquático, e analisa os trabalhos mais atuais, a fim de refletir sobre as diversas fontes dos contaminantes, os métodos de tratamento e os riscos para a saúde humana e para o meio ambiente,...

Basic Density and Strength Properties Variations in Cordia Africana (Lam) Grown Under Agroforestry in Arumeru, Tanzania

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Mahonge, C.P.I.

2007-01-01

Variations in basic density and strength properties of Cordia africana (lam) grown under agroforestry in Arumeru district Arusha Tanzania were determined. Tree sampling procedure and data collection based on standard methods (ISO 3129.of 1975). The main results indicated that basic density increased

Corrosion Inhibition of Aluminium by Treculia Africana Leaves Extract in Acid Medium

OpenAIRE

Ejikeme, P.M.; Umana, S.G.; Onukwuli, O.D.

2012-01-01

The inhibitive effect of Treculia Africana leaves extract (TALE) in the corrosion of aluminium in HCl solution was studied using weight loss and thermometric methods at 30-60 °C. The results showed that TALE acted as a corrosion inhibitor of aluminium in HCl. Inhibition efficiency increased with increase in TALE concentration, but decreased with increase in temperature. TALE interaction with the metal surface was found to obey Freundlich and El-Awady adsorption isotherms. The obtained heats o...

Cinco dificultades para construir la historia de la filosofía africana

OpenAIRE

de Diego González, Antonio

2013-01-01

Desde la teoría postcolonial se han cuestionado los modelos de historia de las ideas impuestos por el africanismo y el orientalismo. Diferentes teóricos africanos –Bachir Diagne, Mundimbe, Wiredu o Kete Asante– han formulado diversas soluciones para superar las dificultades. Este trabajo explora las principales dificultades y las propuestas para elaborar una historia de la filosofía africana. The postcolonial theory was questioning the patterns of History of Ideas imposed by Orientalism an...

Enfermedades emergentes y reemergentes: factores causales y vigilancia

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Carmen Luisa Suárez Larreinaga

2000-12-01

Full Text Available Este artículo tiene como objetivo exponer los conceptos y algunos de los factores causales más importantes en la aparición y diseminación de las enfermedades emergentes y reemergentes, así como presentar brevemente algunas de las actividades de vigilancia epidemiológica y su importancia en la detección y control de estas enfermedadesThe objective of this paper is to expound the concepts and some of the most important causal factors in the appearance and spreading of emergent and reemergent diseases, as well as to make a brief presentation of some of the epidemiological surveillance activities and their importance in the detection and control of these diseases

As literaturas africanas de língua portuguesa

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Pires Laranjeira

2000-03-01

Full Text Available O autor traça o percurso genérico das literaturas africanas de língua portuguesa, nos últimos ISO a nos, mostrando como os movimentos, revistas e obras se foram pautando, cada vez mais intensamente, pela busca da identidade própria, autonômica, nacional, dentro da língua comum e de heranças culturais diversas. De entre essas heranças, destacam-se o Modernismo, o Neo-rea lismo, a Negritude ou o romance social do Nordeste brasileiro. Mas, fundamentalmente, as literaturasafri canas formaram-se como nacionais, antes da nacionalidade, através de uma retórica e uma imagética que enfa tizavam o concreto, o social, a história e o político.

Cephaloleia sp. Cerca a Vagelineata Pic*, una Plaga de la Palma Africana

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Urueta Sandino Eduardo

1972-08-01

Full Text Available Cephalolia sp. y Cephaloleila sp, se han empleado como sinónimos del género Cepaloleia sp. (Lepesme. 1947. Se sabe que los estados de larva y adulto atacan el follaje de la palma africana (Elaeis guineensis Jacq. trayendo muchas veces como consecuencia secamientos en los folíolos o su invasión por hongos. En Colombia el Cephaloleia próximo a vagelineata Pic se presenta en la zona de Urabá y posiblemente en el Departamento de Santander.

Sorção de poluentes orgânicos emergentes em lodo de esgoto

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Simone Bittencourt

2016-03-01

Full Text Available RESUMO O uso de lodo de esgoto na agricultura promove a reciclagem de nutrientes e de matéria orgânica, trazendo benefícios ao desenvolvimento vegetal e à conservação do solo e da água. No entanto, é crescente a preocupação com poluentes orgânicos que possam estar no lodo de esgoto. A presença de medicamentos (antibióticos, tranquilizantes, antiepilépticos, hormônios (naturais e sintéticos, perfumes, bactericidas, entre outros poluentes orgânicos, em diferentes compartimentos ambientais é uma questão emergente, devido à escassez de informações sobre o impacto potencial associado à sua ocorrência, seu destino e efeitos ecotoxicológicos. Esses compostos, denominados poluentes orgânicos emergentes, podem ser removidos durante o tratamento de esgoto por degradação, transformação biológica, volatilização e/ou sorção ao lodo. Esses processos são influenciados pelas propriedades físicas e químicas do poluente e pelas condições de tratamento do esgoto. Informações sobre características físico-químicas, como potencial de acidez e hidrofobicidade, são importantes para compreender os mecanismos de remoção e para adoção de medidas que favoreçam a remoção de tais poluentes, como por exemplo a alteração nas condições operacionais e/ou adoção de tecnologias. A presente revisão bibliográfica apresenta as características físico-químicas de poluentes orgânicos emergentes e seu potencial de sorção em lodo de esgoto.

Método de eliminación de trihalometanos y/o contaminantes emergentes mediante plasma

OpenAIRE

Erra Serrabasa, Pilar; Jover Comas, Eric; Molina Mansilla, Ricardo; Bertrán Serra, Enric; Bayona Termens, Josep María; Reyes Contreras, Carolina

2009-01-01

Método de eliminación de trihalometanos y/o contaminantes emergentes mediante plasma. Se describe un método de eliminación de trihalometanos y contaminantes refractarios en medios acuosos mediante la aplicación directa de plasma para conseguir la degradación de los compuestos contaminantes presentes en el agua.

Conservation planning for a widespread, threatened species: WWF and the African elephant Loxodonta africana

OpenAIRE

Stephenson, Peter J.; Ntiamoa-Baidu, Yaa

2017-01-01

In a case study of conservation planning by a conservation organization working at a continental scale we examine how WWF identified and prioritized its African elephant Loxodonta africana conservation activities. We (1) review lessons learnt from previous work, (2) identify priority landscapes using biological criteria (e.g. population size and viability) and institutional criteria (e.g. feasibility, sustainability and cost-effectiveness of WWF interventions), and (3) conduct a threat analys...

Being stressed outside the park — conservation of African elephants (Loxodonta africana) in Namibia

OpenAIRE

Hunninck, Louis; Ringstad, Iris; Jackson, Craig Ryan; May, Roelof Frans; Fossøy, Frode; Uiseb, Kenneth; Killian, Werner; Røskaft, Eivin

2017-01-01

The conservation of the African savanna elephant (Loxodonta africana) is of prime importance for many African countries. Interactions between elephants and humans are known to induce stress and thereby have the potential to affect elephants’ fitness. In Namibia, anthropogenic disturbances are increasing due to increasing human population size and development, particularly near protected areas, such as national parks. In this study, we investigated elephant stress levels in relation to their l...

The effects of smoke derivatives on in vitro seed germination and development of the leopard orchid Ansellia africana

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Papenfus, H. B.; Naidoo, D.; Pošta, Martin; Finnie, J. F.; van Staden, J.

2016-01-01

Roč. 18, č. 2 (2016), s. 289-294 ISSN 1435-8603 Institutional support: RVO:61388963 Keywords : Ansellia africana * developmental rate index * germination rate index * karrikinolide * leopard orchid * smoke-water * trimethylbutenolide Subject RIV: CC - Organic Chemistry Impact factor: 2.106, year: 2016

Informação: metodologias, temas tradicionais e discussões emergentes

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Andre Luiz Appel

2013-08-01

Full Text Available A AtoZ: novas práticas em informação e conhecimento faz sua estreia no Sistema de Avaliação Qualis-CAPES trazendo novidades em sua interface. Neste novo número a entrevista contempla os principais elementos e desafios da competência informacional, seguida de artigos que abordam a questão da informação no contexto de tecnologias emergentes; ensino de ontologias; enfoques de coleta de dados e legislações voltadas à privacidade de dados pessoais.

Estrategias de aprendizaje emergentes en la modalidad e-learning

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Luis Demetrio Meza-López

2016-01-01

Full Text Available El objetivo de esta investigación fue sistematizar las estrategias de aprendizaje que implementa el alumno de la modalidad e-learning. La problemática fue abordada desde una perspectiva cualitativa utilizando el método de la teoría fundamentada y la técnica de entrevista en profundidad. Se diseñó una plataforma tecnológica propia para realizar el trabajo de campo con entrevistas online, procesando los videos con un software de análisis cualitativo. La validez y confiabilidad de las categorías emergentes fue verificada mediante la saturación de los datos y trianguladas con un constructo teórico propio elaborado con referentes de Weinstein y Meyer (1998, Pintrich, García y Mckeachie (1991 y Tsai (2009. Los resultados muestran que hay una dimensión de estrategias de aprendizaje en la modalidad e-learning en donde el factor de gestión tiene gran influencia para regular el proceso sobre todo en el uso del tiempo y la administración de las estrategias. El factor de autorregulación considerando la metacognición y la adaptabilidad juegan un papel esencial, al igual que el factor sicológico de la motivación y la concentración, aunado al factor de usos de la tecnología en la selección y utilización de los medios tecnológicos. El aporte devela la forma con la que se adaptan estrategias emergentes de aprendizaje en la educación virtual en México y la posibilidad de que se conviertan en líneas de investigación para el contexto de América Latina.

Phytochemical screening by LC-MS and LC-PDA of ethanolic extracts from the fruits of Kigelia africana (Lam.) Benth.

Science.gov (United States)

Costa, Rosaria; Albergamo, Ambrogina; Pellizzeri, Vito; Dugo, Giacomo

2017-06-01

Kigelia africana is a tree native to Africa, with a local employment in numerous fields, ranging from traditional medicine to cosmetics and religious rituals. Parts of the plant generally used are stem bark, fruits, roots and leaves. The fruits, which have a singular 'sausage' shape, are widely exploited by local folk, in particular for applications/products involving genito-urinary apparatus of both human genders. The scope of this work was to make a consistent chemical investigation on this plant species, in order to clarify and increase the information at present available in literature. To this aim, ethanolic extracts of K. africana fruits were analysed by high-performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array (HPLC-PDA) and electrospray-mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS) detection, revealing the presence of polyphenols and iridoids. The two detection systems used along with standard co-injection and comparison with previous reports, led to the identification and quantification of six phenolic compounds and three iridoids.

Composición de los subproductos de la industrialización de la Palma Africana utilizados en la alimentación animal en Costa Rica

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Emilio Vargas

2003-01-01

Full Text Available Se determinó la composición nutricional y variabilidad de la harina de coquito de palma africana extraída por solvente (HCPAS, la harina de coquito de palma africana de extracción mecánica (HCPAM, el coquito integral de la palma africana (CIPA, la grasa cruda de la palma africana (GCPA y los ácidos grasos libres de la palma africana (AGLPA. Los resultados indicaron que la HCPAS y la HCPAM producidas en Costa Rica tienen una composición nutricional semejante a la reportada en la literatura internacional, excepto por un mayor contenido de grasa residual, con valores de 3,3 y 13,2% para los productos locales en comparación con 1,75 y 10,94% para los producidos en otros países. Asimismo, se observó una mayor variabilidad en el contenido de fibra y grasa de los productos locales. El CIPA es un material con un alto contenido de grasa (46-49%; 8-9% de proteína cruda y 10- 12% de fibra; lo cual lo convierte en un producto de un alto potencial nutricional. Los valores de energía digestible en cerdos fueron de 3000, 3215 y 4780 Kcal kg-1 de MS para la HCPAS, HCPAM y el CIPA, respectivamente. En aves la energía metabolizable aparente fue de 1399, 1789 y 4230 Kcal kg-1 de MS. La GCPA y los AGLPA mostraron una composición típica de ácidos grasos para estos materiales, con una relación ácidos grasos insaturados y ácidos grasos saturados de 1,01 y 0,78, respectivamente. El contenido de energía digestible de la GCPA en cerdos fue de 8064 Kcal kg-1 de MS y la energía metabolizable aparente en aves fue de 8615 Kcal kg-1 de MS. En los AGLPA, los valores observados fueron de 6859 y 5068 Kcal kg-1 de MS. Se sugiere valores de los niveles por utilizar en la formulación de raciones para diferentes especies de animales de esos subproductos.

Prevalence of Candida albicans, Candida dubliniensis and Candida africana in pregnant women suffering from vulvovaginal candidiasis in Argentina.

Science.gov (United States)

Mucci, María Josefina; Cuestas, María Luján; Landanburu, María Fernanda; Mujica, María Teresa

Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is a vulvovaginitis commonly diagnosed in gynecology care. In recent years, the taxonomy of the most important pathogenic Candida species, such as Candida albicans have undergone significant changes. This study examined the prevalence of C. albicans, Candida africana, and Candida dubliniensis in vaginal specimens from 210 pregnant women suffering from vulvovaginitis or having asymptomatic colonization. Phenotypic and molecular methods were used for the identification of the species. During the studied period, 55 isolates of Candida or other yeasts were obtained from specimens collected from 52 patients suffering from vulvovaginitis (24.8%). C. albicans was the predominant Candida species in 42 isolates (80.7%), either alone or in combination with other species of the genus (5.7%, n=3). Additionally, nine isolates of C. albicans (50%) were obtained from asymptomatic patients (n=18). C. dubliniensis was the causative agent in 2 (3.8%) cases of VVC, and was also isolated in one asymptomatic patient. Molecular assays were carried out using specific PCR to amplify the ACT1-associated intron sequence of C. dubliniensis. The amplification of the HWP1 gene also correctly identified isolates of the species C. albicans and C. dubliniensis. No C. africana was isolated in this work. Some C. albicans isolates were either homozygous or heterozygous at the HWP1 locus. The distribution of heterozygous and homozygous C. albicans isolates at the HWP1 locus was very similar among patients suffering from VVC and asymptomatic patients (p=0.897). The presence of C. albicans and C. dubliniensis, and the absence of C. africana in pregnant is noteworthy. Copyright © 2016 Asociación Española de Micología. Publicado por Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.

A Adoção da Inovação Aberta Dentro da Estratégia de Internacionalização de Empresas Multinacionais de Economias Emergentes

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Franciane Freitas Silveira

2013-01-01

Full Text Available Com o aumento da relevância dos países emergentes na economia global, acelerou-se o processo de internacionalização das empresas oriundas desses países. Isso pode ser constatado pelo aumento do fluxo de IDE (Investimento Direto Estrangeiro provenientes de empresas de mercados emergentes. Apesar das similaridades com as empresas tradicionais, a literatura indica que as multinacionais emergentes lançam mão de estratégias diferenciadas para traçar sua trajetória de atuação além fronteiras. A partir dessa perspectiva, este estudo exploratório analisa o processo de verticalização e desverticalização das empresas enfocando, sobretudo, a mudança atual do paradigma de inovação, conhecida como inovação aberta. Com base nesse panorama, avaliam-se as estratégias das multinacionais emergentes e o papel de suas subsidiárias, com o intuito compreender como se dá o processo de dispersão das atividades de pesquisa e desenvolvimento (P&D ao longo do processo de internacionalização dessas empresas, e mais particularmente as empresas brasileiras. O estudo mostra, por meio de comparação de estudos teóricos, que o paradigma da inovação aberta traz vantagens para as corporações multinacionais emergentes que o adotam em seus processos de internacionalização das atividades de P&D, mas que as empresas brasileiras não parecem estar se aproveitando em toda sua potencialidade.DOI:10.5585/gep.v3i3.126

BEHAVIOR OF CÓRDIA AFRICANA (Cordia africana Lam. CULTIVATED IN SOIL CONTAMINATED BY HEAVY METALS AND TREATED WITH AMENDMENT MATERIALS

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ana Carolina Callegario Pereira

2013-08-01

Full Text Available http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/1980509810544This study aimed to evaluate the remediation of two soils contaminated with heavy metals from soil excavations, located near the port of Itaguaí, through the techniques of chemical immobilization and phytostabilization using the species Cordia africana. The data were collected in the ore courtyard from ‘Companhia Siderúgica Nacional’ (CSN, in the port of Itaguaí, Rio de Janeiro state. In order to reduce the solubility of heavy metals present in these substrates, two industrial waste products produced by CSN were used as ameliorating products, the steelmaking slag and the mill scale, in different concentrations. The plant species was considered with potential to be used in programs of phytostabilization, due to its heavy metal tolerance studied and to high accumulation of such elements in roots and stem. In the substrate of low combination, the lowest accumulation of Zinc and Cadmium in stems and leaves occurred with the use of 4% of soothing. In the substrate of high accumaltion it was 6%.

Psicologia do esporte: uma área emergente da psicologia Psicología del deporte: un area emergente de la psicología Sport psychology: an emergent field in psychology

OpenAIRE

Lenamar Fiorese Vieira; João Ricardo Nickenig Vissoci; Leonardo Pestillo de Oliveira; José Luiz Lopes Vieira

2010-01-01

O artigo trata da Psicologia do Esporte, um campo de atuação emergente do psicólogo no Brasil. Faz uma análise sobre o percurso histórico da Psicologia Esportiva apresentando os campos de atuação profissional (pesquisa, ensino e intervenção), o papel do psicólogo esportivo (pesquisador, professor e consultor) e o estado científico atual dessa especialidade psicológica. Mesmo com o vasto campo de trabalho, um elemento interveniente é a diversidade de conhecimentos necessários para esta subdivi...

Costo de servir como variable de decisión estratégica en el diseño de estrategias de atención a canales de mercados emergentes

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Christopher Mejía Argueta

2015-01-01

Full Text Available Este artículo tiene como objetivo documentar diferentes enfoques tradicionales sobre el análisis de costos para mercados emergentes a fin de hallar brechas y áreas de oportunidad relacionadas con la temática del costo de servir. El artículo encuentra que no existe una metodología adaptada para mercados emergentes que permita analizar detalladamente la rentabilidad en canales, clientes y productos para crear estrategias de atención acordes con las necesidades que estos grupos expresan. Al final de la revisión y contraste de metodologías, se explica una tabla con los procedimientos analizados y las áreas de oportunidad más importantes que servirán de base para la creación de una metodología de costo de servir para mercados emergentes.

Movimientos sociales emergentes y nuevas maneras de educar

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Elsie Rockwell

2012-09-01

Full Text Available El objetivo de este artículo es argumentar que los movimientos sociales recientes nos obligan a tomar en serio tanto la profunda desigualdad social, como la diversidad cultural y social generada por recientes cambios en la economía y por proyectos alternativos de vida y formación. Sobre el trasfondo de la formación histórica de la clase trabajadora, un tema recurrente ha sido la esperanza de transformar la sociedad mediante la formación del "hombre nuevo". Sin embargo, la economía capitalista global reciente ha generado una clase trabajadora cada vez más fragmentada y desposeída. En respuesta, se forman nuevos sujetos sociales que retoman recursos y prácticas culturales existentes para fortalecer los movimientos sociales emergentes. Concluyo que el reconocimiento de estos movimientos sociales y procesos de formación ha transformado el pensamiento Iluminista, dando lugar a otras maneras de pensar y actuar en los procesos educativos.

Los países emergentes en el G-20 y la política seguida por Argentina

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Roberto Miranda

2017-06-01

Full Text Available En este artículo se analiza la presencia de los países emergentes en la gobernanza global a través de la participación desplegada por ellos en el G-20, con el fin de identificar la posición de Argentina en este ámbito multilateral, y determinar el uso que hizo de su poder como potencia media. Para cumplir con este objetivo consideramos las cumbres de jefes de Estado y de Gobierno del G-20, desde la primera realizada en Washington, en 2008, hasta la novena llevada a cabo en Brisbane, en 2014. Observamos que más allá de las diferencias y disputa de intereses, países desarrollados y emergentes convergieron en sostener las Viejas instituciones internacionales como el FMI. Argentina, de participación intensa en las cumbres pero sin una estrategia de influencia, quedó fuera de esta coincidencia y perdió poder en las reformas producidas en los medios multilaterales de crédito.

Elementos para uma abordagem das dimensões esquemática e emergente do discurso

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Gustavo Ximenes Cunha

2017-07-01

Full Text Available Este trabalho apresenta apontamentos para uma abordagem que situe, em um quadro teórico unificado, as noções de gêneros do discurso, contexto, tipos de discurso e sequências discursivas. Adotando uma perspectiva sócio-interacionista dos estudos da linguagem e buscando contribuições do Modelo de Análise Modular do Discurso, partimos da hipótese de que, ao longo de uma interação, duas ordens de restrições regulam a maneira como os interactantes elaboram suas produções discursivas. A primeira é de ordem esquemática e diz respeito às expectativas de natureza sócio-histórica que nos fazem saber como agir por meio da linguagem. A segunda ordem de restrições é emergente e corresponde aos parâmetros contextuais que exercem papel sobre as ações linguageiras de fato realizadas. Tomando como base empírica de nossa exposição o tipo narrativo do gênero reportagem e a forma como esse tipo se manifesta em uma sequência narrativa específica, buscamos mostrar que, no curso de uma interação, as dimensões esquemática e emergente do discurso são constante e dinamicamente confrontadas pelos interactantes.

Secondary Metabolites from Jacaranda Mimosifolia and Kigelia Africana (Bignoniaceae and Their Anticandidal Activity

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Lazare Sidjui Sidjui

2014-05-01

Full Text Available From the stem barks of Jacaranda mimosifolia benzoic acid (1, 1-naphthaleneacetic acid, 5-carboxy- 1,2,3,4,4a,7,8,8a-octahydro-1,2,4a-trimethyl-[1S-(1α,2β,4aβ,8aα] ( 2, betulinic acid ( 3, lupeol (4 and ursolic acid (5 were isolated. Similarly, lapachol (6, dehydro-α-lapachone (7, 2- acetylfuro-1, 4-naphthoquinone (8, p-coumaric acid (9, caffeic acid (10, nonacosanoic acid, 2-(4-hydroxyphenylethyl ester (11, β-sitosterol (12, kigelinol (13, oleanolic acid (14, β-friedelinol (15, pomolic acid (16, and kojic acid (17 were isolated from the stem barks of Kigelia africana. All the isolated compounds were characterized by using spectroscopic methods especially 1D and 2D NMR and ESI mass spectrometry and comparison with literature data. To the best of our knowledge, compounds 1, 2, 3 and 5, and compounds 11, 14, 15 and 16 were isolated for the first time from Jacaranda mimosifolia and Kigelia africana, respectively. All these compounds were screened for anticandidal activity by agar diffusion method and microbroth dilution technique on four Candida albicans strains (ATCCL26, ATCC12C, ATCCP37039, and ATCCP37037. Among them, compounds 9, 10, and 17 exhibited the highest anticandidal activity that varied between the microbial species (MIC= 0.01 ± 0.00 − 0.03 ± 0.00 mg/mL on C. albicans ATCCL26, ATCCP37037, ATCCP37039 and ATCC12C strains. Compound 17 was likely the most active against the four Candida albicans strains (MIC= 0.01 ± 0.00 − 0.02 ± 0.00 mg/mL.

Studies on the biocidal and cell membrane disruption potentials of stem bark extracts of Afzelia africana (Smith

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

DAVID A AKINPELU

2009-01-01

Full Text Available We had recently reported antibacterial activity in the crude extract of the stem bark of Afzelia africana (Akinpelu et al., 2008. In this study, we assessed the biocidal and cell membrane disruption potentials of fractions obtained from the crude extract of the plant. The aqueous (AQ and butanol (BL fractions exhibited appreciable antibacterial activities against the test bacteria. The minimum inhibitory concentrations of the AQ and BL fractions ranged between 0.313 and 2.5 mg/ml, while their minimum bactericidal concentrations varied between 0.625 and 5.0 mg/ml. Also, the AQ fraction killed about 95.8% of E. coli cells within 105 min at a concentration of 5 mg/ml, while about 99.1% of Bacillus pumilus cells were killed by this fraction at the same concentration and exposure time. A similar trend was observed for the BL fraction. At a concentration of 5 mg/ml, the butanol fraction leaked 9.8 μg/ml of proteins from E. coli cells within 3 h, while the aqueous fraction leaked 6.5 μg/ml of proteins from the same organisms at the same concentration and exposure time. We propose that the stem bark of Afzelia africana is a potential source of bioactive compounds of importance to the pharmaceutical industry.

Evaluation of CAMP-Like Effect, Biofilm Formation, and Discrimination of Candida africana from Vaginal Candida albicans Species

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Keyvan Pakshir

2017-01-01

Full Text Available Candida africana as a species recovered from female genital specimens is highly close to C. albicans. The present study was conducted to discriminate C. africana from presumptive vaginal C. albicans strains by molecular assay and evaluate their hemolysin activity, biofilm formation, and cohemolytic effect (CAMP with vaginal bacterial flora. A total of 110 stock vaginal C. albicans isolates were examined by HWP1 gene amplification. Hemolysin activity and the ability of biofilm formation were evaluated by blood plate assay and visual detection methods, respectively. Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Streptococcus agalactiae were used to evaluate the CAMP-like effects in Sabouraud blood agar media. Based on the size of the amplicons (941 bp, all isolates were identified as C. albicans. All samples were able to produce beta-hemolysin. Moreover, 69 out of 110 of the isolates (62.7% were biofilm-positive, 54 out of 110 Candida isolates (49% demonstrated cohemolytic effects with S. agalactiae, and 48 out of 110 showed this effect with S. aureus (43.6%. All isolates were CAMP-negative with S. epidermidis. We detected all isolates as Candida albicans and almost half of the isolates were CAMP-positive with S. aureus and S. agalactiae, suggesting that these bacteria increase the pathogenicity of Candida in vaginal candidiasis.

Evaluation of CAMP-Like Effect, Biofilm Formation, and Discrimination of Candida africana from Vaginal Candida albicans Species

Science.gov (United States)

Bordbar, Mahboubeh; Nouraei, Hasti; Khodadadi, Hossein

2017-01-01

Candida africana as a species recovered from female genital specimens is highly close to C. albicans. The present study was conducted to discriminate C. africana from presumptive vaginal C. albicans strains by molecular assay and evaluate their hemolysin activity, biofilm formation, and cohemolytic effect (CAMP) with vaginal bacterial flora. A total of 110 stock vaginal C. albicans isolates were examined by HWP1 gene amplification. Hemolysin activity and the ability of biofilm formation were evaluated by blood plate assay and visual detection methods, respectively. Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Streptococcus agalactiae were used to evaluate the CAMP-like effects in Sabouraud blood agar media. Based on the size of the amplicons (941 bp), all isolates were identified as C. albicans. All samples were able to produce beta-hemolysin. Moreover, 69 out of 110 of the isolates (62.7%) were biofilm-positive, 54 out of 110 Candida isolates (49%) demonstrated cohemolytic effects with S. agalactiae, and 48 out of 110 showed this effect with S. aureus (43.6%). All isolates were CAMP-negative with S. epidermidis. We detected all isolates as Candida albicans and almost half of the isolates were CAMP-positive with S. aureus and S. agalactiae, suggesting that these bacteria increase the pathogenicity of Candida in vaginal candidiasis. PMID:29318048

O fluxo de capital para as economias emergentes e o grau de desenvolvimento do sistema financeiro

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Katia Rocha

Full Text Available Resumo O presente artigo tem como objetivo analisar o papel do sistema financeiro doméstico como mitigador de eventos de paradas súbitas e condicionante de fluxos de capital de um grupo de 14 economias emergentes no período de 1999-2013, em especial em face de cenários externos desfavoráveis como aumento dos juros internacionais e aversão ao risco global. Os países analisados - Argentina, Brasil, Chile, Colômbia, Indonésia, Malásia, México, Peru, Filipinas, Rússia, África do Sul, Tailândia, Turquia e Ucrânia representavam, em agosto de 2014, aproximadamente 80% do índice EMBIPLUS e 60% do índice EMBIGLOBAL. Procurou-se distinguir o efeito sobre diversos tipos de fluxos de capital: Fluxo de entrada de Investimento Externo Direto, Fluxo de entrada de Investimento em Carteira e Fluxo Líquido, com análise de robustez para período desde 1990 e aumento do número de países emergentes. O principal resultado suporta evidências que o fortalecimento do sistema financeiro doméstico - medido com a capitalização bursátil em proporção do PIB - propicia aumento dos fluxos de entrada de capital de todos os tipos de fluxos em todos os modelos analisados, reduzindo a probabilidade de ocorrência de parada súbita do fluxo de Investimento Externo Direto e em alguns casos do fluxo de Carteira, o que motiva políticas públicas que incentivem o desenvolvimento e fortalecimento deste setor. Estimativas também destacam o papel dos fundamentos domésticos, tão importantes quanto os fatores globais nos condicionantes de fluxo de capital e na ocorrência paradas súbitas. Este fato motiva políticas públicas que incentivem o fortalecimento e desenvolvimento das instituições nos países emergentes, e ressalta o papel dos governos na captação de recursos externos.

DE MANDELA À ZUMA: A IMPORTÂNCIA DO ATLÂNTICO SUL NA POLÍTICA EXTERNA SUL-AFRICANA

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Anselmo Otavio

2017-09-01

Full Text Available O artigo busca compreender a importância do Atlântico Sul na política externa sul-africana pós-apartheid. Baseando-se em ampla bibliografia relacionada ao tema, busca-se defender a hipótese de que o aumento do interesse pelo Atlântico Sul em verdade é resultado da valorização por parte da África do Sul das relações Sul-Sul.

Sociedad y posibilidades tecnológicas emergentes

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Chaparro Mendivelso Jeffer

2004-01-01

Full Text Available Las nuevas tecnologías de la información y la comunicación ”NTIC” están generando cambios trascendentales en la sociedad y el territorio. Se están imbricando diferencialmente en todas las actividades de la vida humana, mediando desde los flujos económicos globales hasta las relaciones personales individuales. Paralelamente se están propiciando profundas alteraciones en términos de la concepción del mundo y del lugar, de lo material y lo inmaterial, de lo real y lo virtual, de lo utópico y lo imaginario, de lo orgánico y lo artificial. Emergen nociones y conceptos diversos perocomplementarios que van desde la idea de ciberespacio hasta la de Internet como un "actante" con propiedades emergentes inquietantes, pasando por la inteligencia colectiva en red y los cyborg como nuevo estadio del devenir humano. Las implicaciones derivadas de las NTIC se perfilan como una línea interesante "y poco exploradas" de trabajo e investigación en geografía ya que, evidentemente, losprocesos y las dinámicas socioterritoriales cada vez se median más por lo digital.

Tecnologías emergentes en la educación: una experiencia de formación de docentes que fomenta el diseño de ambientes de aprendizaje

OpenAIRE

Boude Figueredo, Oscar Rafael

2013-01-01

Este texto describe los resultados obtenidos en una experiencia de formación de docentes, que son estudiantes de la Maestría en Informática Educativa de la Universidad de La Sabana, dentro de la asignatura electiva Tecnologías Emergentes en la Educación, que cuyo objetivo es: "ofrecer al estudiante un espacio de reflexión y conceptualización sobre las principales tecnologías emergentes (TE) y sus usos en la educación". Entre los principales resultados, se encuentra que los estudiantes analiza...

Custo de capital próprio em mercados emergentes: uma abordagem empírica no Brasil com o downside risk

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Graziela Xavier Fortunato

2010-02-01

Full Text Available Este artigo visa testar empiricamente a proposta de Estrada (2000 para as empresas que compoem o Ibovespa, avaliando se para mercados emergentes existem outras medidas de risco sistematico diferentes do beta do capital asset pricing model (CAPM. Dessa forma, testou-se o downside risk que capta a parte negativa do retorno. Alem de dados em cross section, utilizaram-se dados em painel, como uma contribuição adicional ao trabalho de Estrada (2000. Os resultados encontrados não confirmam que o downside risk seja uma medida apropriada ao mercado brasileiro. Outras medidas de risco apresentaram melhor correlacao com o retorno, permitindo o calculo do custo de capital com valor diferente daquele obtido pela aplicacao do beta. De acordo com Estrada (2000, os resultados sugerem que os mercados emergentes estao em posicao intermediaria entre os mercados integrados e segmentados, tal como confirmado para o mercado brasileiro.

Causalidade entre os retornos de mercados de capitais emergentes e desenvolvidos Causality between stock return rates: emerging versus developed capital markets

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Wagner Moura Lamounier

2007-04-01

Full Text Available Utilizando-se de instrumentais estatísticos para a análise de séries temporais, procurou-se verificar as relações entre os retornos dos principais mercados de capitais emergentes e dos principais mercados desenvolvidos. A amostra foi divida em dois períodos: entre 1995-2002 e entre 2003-2005, tendo em vista os momentos distintos dos mercados quanto à vulnerabilidade externa. No primeiro momento, apesar das diversas crises econômicas, verificou-se que apenas o retorno do mercado emergente da Rússia sofreu grandes impactos ante os choques dos retornos dos outros mercados. Entre 2003-2005, no entanto, os retornos de outros mercados emergentes, como o do Brasil e o do México, responderam de forma significativa aos choques nos retornos dos demais mercados analisados.Using statistical instruments for the analysis of time series, - this work aims to verify the relation of returns of stock investments between the main emerging and the developed capital markets. The sample was divided in two periods: 1995-2002 and 2003-2005, in view of their different external vulnerability moments. At the beginning, - in spite of - several economic crises, only Russia’s stock market returns - suffered great impacts, compared with those at other markets’. Between 2003-2005, however, the returns of other emerging markets, as Brazil’s and Mexico’s, answered in a more significant form to the shocks in the returns of other markets.

TEORIAS DE INTERNACIONALIZAÇÃO E APLICAÇÃO EM PAÍSES EMERGENTES: UMA ANÁLISE CRÍTICA

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

WALTER F. ARAUJO DE MORAES

2006-01-01

Full Text Available Neste artigo são apresentadas e discutidas sete teorias de internacionalização, a saber: oModelo do Ciclo de Vida do Produto, Uppsala – Escola Nórdica de Negócios Internacionais,Relacionado à Inovação, Escolha Adaptativa, Paradigma Eclético de Internalização (OLI,Modelo de Internacionalização Baseado em Recursos (RBV e o Modelo Diamante. Oobjetivo é analisar criticamente estas teorias, propondo uma união entre alguns de seusconceitos-chave para um melhor entendimento do processo de internacionalização incluindo acontexto dos países emergentes. Ademais, questiona-se a aplicação destes modelos, elaboradosem países desenvolvidos, em países emergentes sem uma análise crítica, buscando-se aconvergência sem a percepção dos diferentes contextos e timing de internacionalização, já queo protecionismo instaurado tornou tardia a entrada destes países no mercado internacional.

Bioética global y pensamiento complejo. Hacia una emergente manera de ser

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Sergio Néstor Osorio García

2008-01-01

Full Text Available La Bioética global como el pensamiento complejo sólo pueden entenderse en su novedad, si las comprendemos como estrategias emergentes que buscan enfrentar y responder a los desafíos de nuestra era planetaria. Desafíos que retan como nunca nuestra creatividad histórica para habitar la tierra. La consolidación y desarrollo de estas dos importantes estrategias del pensamiento y la acción, nos podrían ayudar en la construcción de un mundo más decente para los humanos y menos destructivo para con los ecosistemas no-humanos.

Caracterización genotípica y fenotípica de cepas emergentes de Escherichia coli aisladas de niños con diarrea en Bucaramanga y su área metropolitana, Colombia

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Monica Yurley Arias Guerrero

2016-06-01

Full Text Available Introducción: La enfermedad diarreica aguda (EDA sigue siendo uno de los principales problemas en salud pública en países en desarrollo. Dentro de los agentes infecciosos que causan esta enfermedad se encuentran bacterias, virus y parásitos. Los agentes bacterianos ocupan un segundo lugar destacándose Escherichia coli enteropatógenas entre las más importantes. Actualmente, seis cepas con diferentes mecanismos de patogenicidad están asociados a diarrea  E. coli enteropatógena (ECEP, productora de toxina-shiga (ECTS, enterotoxigénica (ECET, enteroinvasiva (ECEI, enteroagregativa (ECEA y adherente difusa (ECAD, cada una con un set específico de genes de virulencia. No obstante, se han reportado brotes de EDA ocasionados por cepas de E. coli diferentes a los patotipos conocidos, denominadas cepas emergentes. Estos brotes han sido reportados en Alemania, Europa y recientemente en Cartagena Colombia, lo que sugiere que en nuestro medio circulan estas cepas. Por lo cual, es necesario caracterizar estas cepas emergentes. Objetivo: Caracterizar genotípicamente y fenotípicamente dos cepas emergentes de E. coli aisladas de muestras diarreicas en niños menores de cinco años en Bucaramanga, Colombia. Materiales y métodos: De un estudio de casos y controles realizado entre Julio del 2013 y diciembre del 2014 en Bucaramanga y su área metropolitana, Colombia a 860 niños menores de 5 años con diarrea (casos y sin diarrea (controles. Se aislaron a partir de coprocultivos cepas de E. coli mediante pruebas bioquímicas. A estas cepas previamente almacenadas a -80°C se les determino mediante PCR multiplex los patotipos de E. coli, los cuales posteriormente fueron confirmados mediante PCR simple. Muestras positivas para dos patotipos u otra característica fueron clasificadas como cepas emergentes. Finalmente, estas cepas se caracterizaron fenotípica y genotípicamente. Para ello, se llevaron a cabo pruebas como secuenciación de genes de

Formas duradouras e formas emergentes de trabalho precário entre os jornalistas brasileiros

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jeferson Bertolini

2015-08-01

Full Text Available Este artigo busca dimensionar o conceito de trabalho precário entre os jornalistas brasileiros. O texto indica que a categoria sempre esteve exposta a formas precárias de trabalho, mas que o problema se agravou nos últimos 10 anos, com as tecnologias digitais: elas redefiniram o perfil do profissional e reordenaram o modelo de negócio das empresas do setor. O manuscrito, baseado em levantamento bibliográfico e experiência de campo, lista oito formas duradouras e oito formas emergentes de trabalho precário no jornalismo.

Procesos de ozonación fotocatalítica para eliminar contaminantes emergentes de aguas residuales urbanas

OpenAIRE

Espejo Morán, María Azahara

2016-01-01

En este trabajo se ha estudiado la degradación de distintos contaminantes emergentes (CEs) añadidos a un agua residual urbana mediante procesos químicos integrados secuencialmente como etapa previa o etapa terciaria a un tratamiento biológico aerobio convencional por fangos activos. Los compuestos seleccionados son acetaminofeno, antipirina, bisfenol A, cafeína, carbamazepina, diclofenaco, hidroclorotiazida, ketorolaco, metoprolol, sulfametoxazol y testosterona. Estos CEs se eligieron ya que ...

Complete genome sequence of the halophilic bacterium Spirochaeta africana type strain (Z-7692T) from the alkaline Lake Magadi in the East African Rift

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Liolios, Konstantinos [U.S. Department of Energy, Joint Genome Institute; Abt, Birte [DSMZ - German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures GmbH, Braunschweig, Germany; Scheuner, Carmen [DSMZ - German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures GmbH, Braunschweig, Germany; Teshima, Hazuki [Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL); Held, Brittany [Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL); Lapidus, Alla L. [U.S. Department of Energy, Joint Genome Institute; Nolan, Matt [U.S. Department of Energy, Joint Genome Institute; Lucas, Susan [U.S. Department of Energy, Joint Genome Institute; Deshpande, Shweta [U.S. Department of Energy, Joint Genome Institute; Cheng, Jan-Fang [U.S. Department of Energy, Joint Genome Institute; Tapia, Roxanne [Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL); Goodwin, Lynne A. [Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL); Pitluck, Sam [U.S. Department of Energy, Joint Genome Institute; Pagani, Ioanna [U.S. Department of Energy, Joint Genome Institute; Ivanova, N [U.S. Department of Energy, Joint Genome Institute; Mavromatis, K [U.S. Department of Energy, Joint Genome Institute; Mikhailova, Natalia [U.S. Department of Energy, Joint Genome Institute; Huntemann, Marcel [U.S. Department of Energy, Joint Genome Institute; Pati, Amrita [U.S. Department of Energy, Joint Genome Institute; Chen, Amy [U.S. Department of Energy, Joint Genome Institute; Palaniappan, Krishna [U.S. Department of Energy, Joint Genome Institute; Land, Miriam L [ORNL; Rohde, Manfred [HZI - Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany; Tindall, Brian [DSMZ - German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures GmbH, Braunschweig, Germany; Detter, J. Chris [U.S. Department of Energy, Joint Genome Institute; Goker, Markus [DSMZ - German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures GmbH, Braunschweig, Germany; Bristow, James [U.S. Department of Energy, Joint Genome Institute; Eisen, Jonathan [U.S. Department of Energy, Joint Genome Institute; Markowitz, Victor [U.S. Department of Energy, Joint Genome Institute; Hugenholtz, Philip [U.S. Department of Energy, Joint Genome Institute; Woyke, Tanja [U.S. Department of Energy, Joint Genome Institute; Klenk, Hans-Peter [DSMZ - German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures GmbH, Braunschweig, Germany; Kyrpides, Nikos C [U.S. Department of Energy, Joint Genome Institute

2013-01-01

Spirochaeta africana Zhilina et al. 1996 is an anaerobic, aerotolerant, spiral-shaped bacte- rium that is motile via periplasmic flagella. The type strain of the species, Z-7692T, was iso- lated in 1993 or earlier from a bacterial bloom in the brine under the trona layer in a shallow lagoon of the alkaline equatorial Lake Magadi in Kenya. Here we describe the features of this organism, together with the complete genome sequence, and annotation. Considering the pending reclassification of S. caldaria to the genus Treponema, S. africana is only the second 'true' member of the genus Spirochaeta with a genome-sequenced type strain to be pub- lished. The 3,285,855 bp long genome of strain Z-7692T with its 2,817 protein-coding and 57 RNA genes is a part of the Genomic Encyclopedia of Bacteria and Archaea project.

LA FORMACIÓN DE ESTRATEGIAS DELIBERADAS Y EMERGENTES: UNA PROPUESTA A PARTIR DE DEFINICIONES BÁSICAS DE UNA METODOLOGÍA DE SISTEMAS SUAVES

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

IVÁN ALONSO MONTOYA RESTREPO

2013-01-01

Full Text Available La propuesta teórica que se presenta, se relaciona con la formación de la estrategia desde una pers - pectiva evolutiva y con conexiones entre estrategias deliberadas y emergentes, gracias al empleo de definiciones básicas o raíces, empleando la metodología de sistemas suaves SSM propuesta por Checkland & Scholes (1994. Para ello se propone la interacción de entes “autónomos” y semió - ticos (agentes, organizaciones y entorno en los sistemas real y representacional de interacciones. Estas nociones permiten la elaboración de los conceptos de decisión, actuación e intencionalidad. Se reelaboran las nociones de estrategia deliberada y emergente y se detalla un ciclo de operación entre tales tipos de estrategia.

Caprellidae (Crustacea: Peracarida: Amphipoda) from the Red Sea and Suez Canal, with the redescription of Metaprotella africana and Paradeutella multispinosa.

Science.gov (United States)

Zeina, Amr F; Guerra-García, José M

2016-04-06

The Caprellidae from the Red Sea are reviewed based on the literature data and new collections from the Hurghada coasts. So far, only six valid species has been reported from the Red Sea and Suez Canal: Caprella equilibra Say, 1818, Hemiaegina minuta Mayer, 1890, Metaprotella africana Mayer, 1903, Paracaprella pusilla Mayer, 1890 and Paradeutella multispinosa Schellenberg, 1928 and Pseudocaprellina pambanensis Sundara Raj, 1927. The type material of M. africana (deposited in the Muséum nacional d'Histoire naturelle, Paris) and Paradeutella multispinosa (deposited in the Museum für Naturkunde, Berlin) are redescribed and illustrated in detail. P. pambanensis and H. minuta were the most abundant species in the collections along the northern coast. Most of the sampling effort has been focused on algae from shallow waters; additional substrates such as sediments, hydroids and coral rubble, especially from areas deeper than 15 meters should be explored. The number of caprellid species in the Red Sea is low compared to adjacent waters, as the Mediterranean Sea. However, further research and more extensive caprellid collections should be conducted along the coasts of Saudi Arabia, Yemen, Sudan and Eritrea, which are still unexplored.

Un concepto emergente de planeación

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jorge Sánchez Buitrago

2014-01-01

Full Text Available El propósito de este artículo es sustentar un concepto emergente de planeación derivado del desarrollo de la investigación titulada: “Hacia un paradigma emergente de la planeación: Resignificación desde las instituciones universitarias”. El principal objetivo es el de aportar en el sostenimiento de una racionalidad alternativa de la planeación, a partir de la lectura de algunos de los principales conceptos que están  determinando el salto paradigmático de la ciencia contemporánea. En este sentido se hace una valoración crítica de las actuales tensiones y agotamientos teóricos y prácticos de la planeación, como sustento para el establecimiento de bases conceptuales de nuevos procesos planeación.Generalmente las nuevas propuestas de planeación, en particular las del ámbito educativo y de los escenarios universitarios, se han gestado desde intencionalidades instrumentalistas y materializado en metodologías operativas que poco o nada se ocupan de hacer evidente su fundamentación conceptual; lo que conduce al planificador a un aprisionamiento epistemológico, por cuanto en ausencia de reflexiones teóricas sólidas es difícil superar los modelos de planeación cuando éstos se tornan obsoletos. Se espera que a partir de esta reflexión sobre la naturaleza de la planeación se generen procesos de transformación de prácticas de planeación en las organizaciones educativas, en especial en las universidades.Palabras Clave: Concepto de planeación; problemas de planeación; tipos de planeación; paradigma alternativo de planeación. An emerging concept of planningAbstractThis article briefly describes the discussion of an emerging concept for planning, which is derived from the research entitled “Towards an emerging paradigm in planning: re-conceptualization for higher education institutions. ” The main purpose is to supply the grounds for an alternative rationality in planning, taking into account some of the significant

Vegetative Propagation Trial of Prosopis africana (Guill. et Perr. Taub. by Air Layering under Sudano-Sahelian Climate in the South-Central Niger

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Laouali Abdou

2015-01-01

Full Text Available Prosopis africana is a species of great socioeconomic importance but threatened with extinction in Niger because of overuse and regeneration problem. This study, conducted in the Maradi (Niger area, precisely at El Gueza in the south of Gazaoua department, aims to evaluate the vegetative propagation capacity of P. africana by air layering under the Sudano-Sahelian climate of the south-central Niger. A ring of bark was taken on each selected branch and the wound was covered with a black plastic filled with a damp mixture of soil and wood debris. The chosen parameters are the diameter class and the position on the branch. In all, 60 branches were treated and followed for 130 days: 28.33% produced shoots and there was no significant difference between the diameter classes and between the positions. These results show that propagating trees of the species by air layering is possible and this technique can be used to multiply and keep this species, which will reduce the regeneration problem linked to a low seed germination rate.

De cómo la realidad puede tomar parte en juegos emergentes

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Federico Peinado

2012-04-01

Full Text Available Este artículo es un estudio del fenómeno de la utilización de elementos reales en aplicaciones software de entretenimiento. De manera más o menos explícita y significativa, este fenómeno se encuentra en la experiencia de juego de numerosos juguetes y experimentos digitales, así como de algunos videojuegos comerciales de gran popularidad; es interesante conocer, por tanto, sus implicaciones estéticas y funcionales a la hora de diseñar interfaces y sistemas de jugabilidad emergente, así como la posible evolución que este fenómeno de la realidad como componente lúdico puede sufrir en los próximos años.

ZOONOSIS EMERGENTES LIGADAS A ANIMALES DE COMPAÑÍA EN LA COMUNIDAD DE MADRID: DISEÑO DE UN MÉTODO PARA ESTABLECER PRIORIDADES EN SALUD PÚBLICA

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Almudena García Nieto

2004-01-01

Full Text Available Fundamento: La emergencia y re-emergencia de enfermedades infecciosas revisten una gran preocupación en Salud Pública. Las peculiaridades socio-demográficas de la Comunidad de Madrid hacen que deba prestarse una mayor atención a las zoonosis transmitidas por animales de compañía. Los objetivos del trabajo fueron mejorar el conocimiento de las zoonosis emergentes y re-emergentes transmitidas por animales de compañía y el diseño de un método para la priorización de éstas. Métodos: A partir de las enfermedades recogidas de fuentes oficiales, laboratorios y revisión bibliográfica se aplicó un método de cuantificación y ponderación diseñado por el grupo de trabajo y adaptado a la especificidad del estudio. Resultados: Del análisis de 137 enfermedades, 24 cumplieron los criterios de admisión. El método de ponderación se refleja en una tabla que recoge once criterios de puntuación, sus categorías y los coeficientes adoptados. La Salmonelosis fue la enfermedad que ocupó el primer lugar, seguida de Fiebre Q, Tularemia e Infección por Hantavirus. Conclusiones: Se ha diseñado un método de evaluación específico de enfermedades emergentes y re-emergentes que permite establecer prioridades en el campo de la planificación en Salud Pública. El presente estudio aporta una relación, por orden de importancia, de 24 zoonosis sobre las que se deberán plantear nuevas líneas estratégicas para su investigación y/o control.

Incursión de tecnologías emergentes en una escuela pública de Negocios de México

OpenAIRE

Madrigal Lozano, María Magdalena; Hernández Moreno, Laura Alicia; López Solórzano, Juan Gabriel; Merla González, Alma Elizabeth

2017-01-01

En el presente artículo se describen los resultados obtenidos de un estudio exploratorio, descriptivo de alcance transeccional realizado para conocer la realidad del uso, producción e investigación de las tecnologías emergentes MOOC, Gamificación y Realidad Aumentada en los procesos educativos de los programas relacionados con la profesión de negocios. En particular se aplicó un instrumento de medic...

Control borroso para la valoración del impacto ambiental generado por contaminantes emergentes en aguas residuales hospitalarias

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Leadina Sánchez Barboza

2015-06-01

Full Text Available La valoración de impactos ambientales está sujeta a imprecisión, vaguedad y subjetividad. Estas características son extensivas al impacto generado por la presencia de contaminantes emergentes -fármacos- en aguas residuales hospitalarias, por lo que este trabajo propone valorar el impacto de dichos contaminantes mediante un sistema de inferencia borrosa, utilizando el toolbox fuzzy logic de MATLAB®, aplicando el sistema experto Mamdani. Los conjuntos borrosos de entrada se establecieron a partir de las concentraciones de los fármacos mediante variables lingüísticas definidas por medio de funciones de pertenencia trapezoidales, y el conjunto borroso de salida comprende la magnitud del impacto definida a través de una función de pertenencia triangular. Posteriormente, se obtuvo una valoración (en escala de 0 a 100 para concentraciones de fármacos máximas y promedios presentes en el agua residual, y por último, con estos valores se determina la magnitud del impacto ambiental a través del sistema de inferencia borrosa diseñado. El tratamiento borroso es útil para valorar los impactos ambientales en aguas residuales de contaminantes emergentes como los compuestos farmacéuticos.

Strangulating intestinal obstructions in four captive elephants (Elephas maximus and Loxodonta africana).

Science.gov (United States)

Wiedner, Ellen B; Peddie, James; Peddie, Linda Reeve; Abou-Madi, Noha; Kollias, George V; Doyle, Charles; Lindsay, William A; Isaza, Ramiro; Terrell, Scott; Lynch, Tim M; Johnson, Kari; Johnson, Gary; Sammut, Charlie; Daft, Barbara; Uzal, Francisco

2012-03-01

Three captive-born (5-day-old, 8-day-old, and 4-yr-old) Asian elephants (Elephas maximus) and one captive-born 22-yr-old African elephant (Loxodonta africana) from three private elephant facilities and one zoo in the United States presented with depression, anorexia, and tachycardia as well as gastrointestinal signs of disease including abdominal distention, decreased borborygmi, tenesmus, hematochezia, or diarrhea. All elephants showed some evidence of discomfort including agitation, vocalization, or postural changes. One animal had abnormal rectal findings. Nonmotile bowel loops were seen on transabdominal ultrasound in another case. Duration of signs ranged from 6 to 36 hr. All elephants received analgesics and were given oral or rectal fluids. Other treatments included warm-water enemas or walking. One elephant underwent exploratory celiotomy. Three animals died, and the elephant taken to surgery was euthanized prior to anesthetic recovery. At necropsy, all animals had severe, strangulating intestinal lesions.

Revisión global de los contaminantes emergentes PBDE y el caso particular de México

OpenAIRE

Rocha-Gutiérrez, Beatriz Adriana; Peralta-Pérez, María del Rosario; Zavala-Díaz de la Serna, Francisco Javier

2015-01-01

Los éteres de bifenilos polibromados (PBDE, por sus siglas en inglés) son un grupo específico de contaminantes emergentes que se caracterizan por ser lipofílicos, hidrofóbicos, bioacumulables y resistentes a la biodegradación. La familia de PBDE consiste de 209 isómeros o congéneres y su estructura química, persistencia y distribución en el ambiente siguen patrones muy similares a los polibromobifenilos (PBB) y a los policlorobifenilos (PCB). El uso principal de los PBDE es como retardantes d...

Eliminación de contaminantes emergentes mediante adsorción empleando xerogeles de carbón

OpenAIRE

Álvarez, Silvia; Ribeiro, Rui; Gomes, Helder; Sotelo, José; Garcia, Juan

2014-01-01

En la actualidad el número de sustancias quimicas potencialmente peligrosas que pueden lIegar a alcanzar el medio ambiente es muy amplio, por lo que la atención en la investigación de la contaminación dei agua se ha extendido recientemente a lo que se denomina contaminación emergente; es decir, la contaminación causada por sustancias químicas de origen y propiedades muy diversas, en concentraciones muy bajas, y que persisten en las aguas residuales tras el tratamiento de éstas ...

Una gramática emergente ¿internet como cultura o artefacto?

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Mireya Barón Pulido

2012-12-01

Full Text Available Nativos digitales, gramáticas emergentes, internet como cultura y como artefacto son referentes marco que dinamizan tanto la emisión como la interpretación de signos en la población universitaria. El artículo muestra los resultados de las tendencias de usos de los lenguajes y mediaciones TICS en jóvenes universitarios de primer semestre del Politécnico Grancolombiano-COLOMBIA a partir del trabajo con grupos focales y aplicación de instrumento, con el propósito de sistematizar la tendencia de esta semiosis y su relación con el escenario pedagógico en la educación superior. Por demás, la investigación logra hacer un estado de arte de los resultados-casos en América Latina y Europa ante la realidad sígnica TICS y actores universitarios.

The impact of male contraception on dominance hierarchy and herd association patterns of African elephants (Loxodonta africana) in a fenced game reserve

OpenAIRE

L.S. Doughty; K. Slater; H. Zitzer; Tomos Avent; S. Thompson

2014-01-01

Overpopulation of African elephants (Loxodonta africana) in fenced reserves in South Africa is becoming increasingly problematic to wildlife managers. With growing opposition to culling and the high cost of translocation, alternative management strategies focusing on male elephants are being investigated. In this study, hormonal treatment via Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone (GnRH) suppression, and surgical treatment via vasectomy were trialled. Focusing on behavioural responses, we tested the ...

Las Enfermedades Infecciosas emergentes y la Salud Pública

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Fabio Aurelio Rivas Muñoz

1997-06-01

Full Text Available

El optimismo de hace unos años con respecto al control definitivo de las enfermedades infecciosas ha venido diluyéndose poco a poco. Hoy en día, estas entidades nos atacan por múltiples frentes y, en conjunto, representan la principal causa de muerte a escala mundial. En 1995 17 millones de personas, incluidos 9 millones de niños, murieron por infecciones prevenibles como diarreas y neumonías. Los antibióticos, considerados hasta hace poco tiempo la solución al problema de las infecciones, son cada vez menos eficaces en la medida en que se incrementa el número de cepas resistentes y la velocidad con que éstas desarrollan dicha resistencia.

Si a este hecho agregamos el evidente deterioro de las condiciones de vida de la población y el que ha sufrido la salud pública en particular, a consecuencia del desigual impulso a la más rentable atención de la enfermedad individual, la facilidad y rapidez con que se viaja de uno a otro continente o de una a otra región dentro de un país, la urbanización desordenada e incontrolada de las ciudades, la crisis económica mundial, los daños al ambiente, etc., todas condiciones que, en general, favorecen la aparición de “”nuevas” infecciones, puede entonces comprenderse la magnitud del desafío.

Algunas de las enfermedades infecciosas emergentes, esto es, aquellas cuya incidencia en el Ser Humano ha aumentado durante los dos últimos decenios o amenaza con aumentar en el futuro próximo, han surgido a consecuencia de la evolución de microorganismos ya existentes como la tuberculosis o el cólera. Otras, quizás las menos, son ocasionadas por agentes hasta hace poco desconocidos (nuevos, varios de gran patogenecidad, como el virus de Ebola o Hantavirus que llevan a severas neumonías con letalidad del 50%.

En las Américas, entre 1991 y 1995 se notificaron más de 1 millón de casos de cólera y 9 mil muertes. La OPS estima en 10 años y en más de 200.000 millones de

Tecnologías y modelos de aprendizaje emergentes en educación superior. Propuestas y difusión de innovaciones

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Natália FERNANDES GOMES

2015-01-01

Full Text Available El avance de la tecnología, la existencia de nuevos tipos de redes colaborativas y la conectividad global permiten y requieren urgentemente que las instituciones de Educación Superior desarrollen nuevos, innovadores y creativos modelos de enseñanza y aprendizaje. En este trabajo se presentan, primero, algunos de los actuales modelos emergentes de aprendizaje para la Educación Superior, mediados a través del uso de las tecnologías, de acuerdo a diferentes informes internacionales. En la segunda parte se presentan los resultados de un estudio de revisión sistemática que nos permite comprender el grado de difusión de la innovación educativa que subyace a los diferentes modelos de aprendizaje (flipped learning, personal learning environments, mobile learning, massive open online courses. Los resultados indican que el modelo mobile learning es el más productivo con una tendencia en aumento. Finalmente se exponen conclusiones respecto a la importancia de la difusión de innovación y los obstáculos en la traducción de los modelos emergentes a los contextos de aula.

A influência das economias emergentes em assuntos internacionais

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Nubia Nieto

2012-08-01

Full Text Available Este artigo examina o impacto das economias emergentes nos assuntos internacionais. A chegada dos países do Bric (Brasil, Rússia, Índia e China modificou o mapa da ordem mundial e as estratégias para projetar poder hegemônico. O Bric eclipsará o poder econômico dos países mais ricos do mundo? Quais são as principais estratégias do Bric para projetar seu poder no mundo? Essas e outras questões são analisadas no texto, que leva em consideração o novo cenário geopolítico do século XXI.This article explores the impact of emerging economies in international affairs. The arrival of the Bric's countries (Brazil, Russia, India and China has changed the map of the global order and the strategies to project hegemonic power. Could the Bric eclipse the economic power of the richest countries of the world? What are the main strategies of Bric to project its power worldwide? These and other questions are analysed in this text taking into account the new geopolitical scenario of the twenty-first century.

Control borroso para la valoración del impacto ambiental generado por contaminantes emergentes en aguas residuales hospitalarias

OpenAIRE

Leadina Sánchez Barboza

2015-01-01

La valoración de impactos ambientales está sujeta a imprecisión, vaguedad y subjetividad. Estas características son extensivas al impacto generado por la presencia de contaminantes emergentes -fármacos- en aguas residuales hospitalarias, por lo que este trabajo propone valorar el impacto de dichos contaminantes mediante un sistema de inferencia borrosa, utilizando el toolbox fuzzy logic de MATLAB®, aplicando el sistema experto Mamdani. Los conjuntos borrosos de entrada se establecieron a part...

Consumo da costa africana: comunicações entre os portos turísticos sul-africanos do oceano Índico

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Pamila Gupta

2015-12-01

Full Text Available Do início até meados do século XX, os cruzeiros turísticos ao longo da costa sul-africana eram uma atividade de lazer popular, empreendida pelas elites (brancas europeias (predominantemente os britânicos, americanas e sul-africanas, com paradas que incluíam diversas cidades portuárias do oceano Índico, como Cidade do Cabo e Durban, na África do Sul, e Lourenço Marques e Beira, no Moçambique português. Considerando as cidades portuárias anteriormente mencionadas como cidades-gêmeas em relação aos seus entrelaçados passados coloniais e turísticos e como funcionando dentro de um “corredor cultural” regional distinto (NUTALL, 2009 da África do Sul, este artigo explora uma série de portos de lazer interligados via cruzeiros de passageiros. A base da minha navegação histórica são os anuários de turismo produzidos pelas companhias de cruzeiro marítimo Union-Castle Line e serviço Round África em 1939 e 1949, respectivamente. A justificativa é que esses guias de viagem servem como entrada ao microcosmo cosmopolita de barcos de cruzeiro, o que os torna inestimáveis para entender a história do lazer (concomitantemente aos bens de consumo e publicidade relacionados na África do Sul.

Eliminación de contaminantes emergentes en aguas residuales mediante oxidación avanzada con ozono y ultrasonidos

OpenAIRE

Abellán Soler, Manuel; Lardín Mifsut, Carlos; Morales Cavero, Eduardo; Pastor Alcañiz, Laura; Martínez Muro, Juan Luis; Santos Asensi, José María; Ibáñez Martínez, María; Hernández Hernández, Félix

2013-01-01

Algunos contaminantes emergentes, principalmente fármacos de diferentes clases así como drogas de abuso, pueden estar presentes en las aguas residuales urbanas, no siendo posible su eliminación mediante las técnicas convencionales de depuración. Se ha realizado un estudio en planta piloto en dos estaciones depuradoras de aguas residuales (EDAR), Font de la Pedra (Muro de Alcoy) y Molina de Segura (Murcia), con el fin de determinar la eficacia de eliminación de ciertos ...

Procesos de tratamiento de aguas residuales para la eliminación de contaminantes orgánicos emergentes

OpenAIRE

Clemente,Ainhoa Rubio; Chica Arrieta,Edwin Lenin; Peñuela Mesa,Gustavo Antonio

2013-01-01

Los contaminantes orgánicos emergentes conforman un grupo de sustancias muy heterogéneas, cuya característica en común es que causan efectos negativos sobre los organismos acuáticos, por lo que deben de ser eliminados del ambiente. Lamentablemente, los procesos convencionales con los que operan las plantas de tratamiento de aguas residuales, especialmente los de tipo biológico, son ineficientes en la remoción de estas sustancias. Por este motivo, se hace necesaria la evaluación y optimización...

One bis-indole alkaloid-voacamine from Voacanga africana Stapf: biological activity evaluation of PTP1B in vitro utilizing enzymology method based on SPRi expriment.

Science.gov (United States)

Wang, Yan-Qiu; Li, Hong-Xiang; Liu, Xiao-Chun; Zhao, Jin-Shuang; Liu, Rong-Qiang; Huai, Wen-Ying; Ding, Wei-Jun; Zhang, Tian-E; Deng, Yun

2018-05-31

One known bis-indole alkaloid-voacamine was isolated from Voacanga africana Stapf and Surface Plasmon Resonance imaging (SPRi) exprement showed that this alkaloid could be combine with Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase1B (PTP1B). Then the PTP1B activity inhibition experiment display that the compound showed an outstanding promoting activity to PTP1B.

Functional and anti-nutritional properties, in-vitro protein digestibility and amino acid composition of dehulled afzelia africana seeds

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ogungbenle, H.N.; Omaejalile, M.

2010-01-01

Analysis of Afzelia africana seed flour showed that the seeds possessed high water absorption capacity (128.31%), good oil absorption capacity (588.49%) and fairly good emulsion property (35.25%). However, it had the Least gelation concentration (6 .00% w/v) and foaming properties ( 8.00%,3 .00%). Anti-nutritional factors were very low, with the highest being phytate (13.59/o) and tannin the least (0.43%). Total amino acid composition was 796.6 mg/g protein. Essentiaal amino acids (48.5%)w ere in high proportion with in-vitro digestibility of 71.5%. (author)

Géneros narrativos nas literaturas africanas de língua portuguesa – entre a tradição africana e o “cânone ocidental”

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Inocência Mata

2015-11-01

Full Text Available Depois do golpe de Estado em Portugal, a 25 de Abril de 1974, começámos, nos países africanos ainda colónias de Portugal, a estudar os “nossos” escritores. Andava eu ainda no liceu e naquele tempo não me lembro de termos estudado autores brasileiros e muito menos africanos. Por isso, na altura, uma questão que me intrigou q uando tive contacto com os primeiros textos africanos, foi a palavra estória – em vez de conto – para referir narrativas curtas. Primeiro pensei tratar-se de mais um “africanismo” (explicação então em voga para qualquer “desvio”; depois, quando fui aprofundando o estudo das literaturas africanas, na Faculdade de Letras da Universidade de Lisboa, como aluna do Professor Manuel Ferreira, esta questão nunca foi referida como “problema” e, por isso, a designação “naturalizou-se”… Até que me tornei estudiosa dessas literaturas, já então conhecedora da presença do termo na literatura brasileira.

Conocimientos sobre la lectoescritura emergente y prácticas en las aulas para su promoción: Un estudio con docentes de Educación preescolar en Costa Rica

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

L. Diego Conejo

2017-12-01

Full Text Available Las concepciones y los conocimientos docentes afectan la práctica docente y esta, a su vez, influye en los logros de desarrollo en lectoescritura emergente de los niños preescolares. Esta investigación explora las valoraciones docentes de prácticas efectivas en el aula para la promoción de la lectoescritura emergente y sus conocimientos sobre conciencia fonológica y fonemas. Una muestra conformada por 284 docentes a cargo de salones de educación preescolar contestó un cuestionario en línea. Los resultados indicaron diferencias según tipo de universidad en la cual se tituló la docente. Las docentes graduadas de universidades públicas otorgaron mayor importancia a prácticas efectivas en el aula para la promoción de la lectoescritura emergente que las docentes graduadas de universidades privadas. Si bien la mayoría de participantes consideró la conciencia fonológica como un factor importante para el desarrollo de la lectoescritura, los conocimientos sobre esta fueron deficientes en toda la muestra. Igualmente, los conocimientos docentes sobre los fonemas y su habilidad para identificarlos en palabras concretas también fueron deficientes. Estos y otros hallazgos se discuten a la luz de sus implicaciones para la promoción de la calidad en la educación preescolar costarricense.

Onicomicoses por fungos emergentes: análise clínica, diagnóstico laboratorial e revisão

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Araújo Adauto José Gonçalves de

2003-01-01

Full Text Available FUNDAMENTOS: As dermatomicoses causadas por fungos emergentes são entidades clínicas raras, à exceção das onicomicoses. Como certos fungos e leveduras podem residir na pele, a positividade em culturas de escamas ungueais deve ser interpretada obrigatoriamente em concordância com os respectivos dados clínicos, exames diretos das amostras, quantificação das colônias isoladas em relação aos pontos de inoculação e, principalmente, deve a positividade ser mantida após a repetição dos cultivos. A invasão da unha por fungos não dermatofíticos (nondermatophytic molds, NDM em diferentes estudos varia de 1,45% a 17,6%. OBJETIVOS: Os objetivos do trabalho são mostrar a ocorrência e realçar a importância dos fungos emergentes como causadores de onicomicose. MÉTODOS: As unhas dos pacientes atendidos nos consultórios dos dermatologistas foram examinadas, e, caso houvesse suspeita clínica de onicomicose, coletavam-se amostras que eram enviadas para exame micológico no laboratório. RESULTADOS: Neste estudo, foram avaliados 2.271 pacientes e diagnosticada onicomicose em 400 deles, sendo 264 com acometimento das unhas do pé, e 136 das unhas da mão. O agente etiológico foi confirmado pelo exame micológico direto e crescimento em cultura. A onicomicose por fungos emergentes representou 4,5% de todas as infecções de unha. Foram detectadas as leveduras do gênero Candida (49% como agentes etiológicos mais freqüentes de onicomicoses nas unhas das mãos e em mulheres. Em contraste, os dermatófitos foram os mais freqüentes de todas as onicomicoses dos pés, no total de 186 (46,5%. CONCLUSÃO: Ao contrário da rotina diagnóstica hoje utilizada, concluiu-se que o diagnóstico correto do agente etiológico da onicomicose não dermatofítica deve obedecer a determinados critérios, dos quais se destaca o conjunto formado pela positividade no exame direto, na cultura, com comprovação na repetição do exame.

Impact of fresh and saline water flooding on leaf gas exchange in two Italian provenances of Tamarix africana Poiret.

Science.gov (United States)

Abou Jaoudé, R; de Dato, G; Palmegiani, M; De Angelis, P

2013-01-01

In Mediterranean coastal areas, changes in precipitation patterns and seawater levels are leading to increased frequency of flooding and to salinization of estuaries and freshwater systems. Tamarix spp. are often the only woody species growing in such environments. These species are known for their tolerance to moderate salinity; however, contrasting information exists regarding their tolerance to flooding, and the combination of the two stresses has never been studied in Tamarix spp. Here, we analyse the photosynthetic responses of T. africana Poiret to temporary flooding (45 days) with fresh or saline water (200 mm) in two Italian provenances (Simeto and Baratz). The measurements were conducted before and after the onset of flooding, to test the possible cumulative effects of the treatments and effects on twig aging, and to analyse the responses of twigs formed during the experimental period. Full tolerance was evident in T. africana with respect to flooding with fresh water, which did not affect photosynthetic performances in either provenance. Saline flooding was differently tolerated by the two provenances. Moreover, salinity tolerance differently affected the two twig generations. In particular, a reduction in net assimilation rate (-48.8%) was only observed in Baratz twigs formed during the experimental period, compared to pre-existing twigs. This reduction was a consequence of non-stomatal limitations (maximum carboxylation rate and electron transport), probably as a result of higher Na transport to the twigs, coupled with reduced Na storage in the roots. © 2012 German Botanical Society and The Royal Botanical Society of the Netherlands.

Incursión de tecnologías emergentes en una escuela pública de negocios de México

OpenAIRE

María Magdalena Madrigal Lozano; Laura Alicia Hernández Moreno; Juan Gabriel López Solórzano; Alma Elizabeth Merla González

2017-01-01

En el presente artículo se describen los resultados obtenidos de un estudio exploratorio, descriptivo de alcance transeccional realizado para conocer la realidad del uso, producción e investigación de las tecnologías emergentes MOOC, Gamificación y Realidad Aumentada en los procesos educativos de los programas relacionados con la profesión de negocios. En particular se aplicó un instrumento de medición a los docentes de los programas académicos de la modalidad mixta en la escuela de negocios ...

Pedagogías emergentes en contextos cambiantes: pedagogías en red en la sociedad del conocimiento

OpenAIRE

Binod Gurung; Amparo Clavijo Olarte

2015-01-01

La noción de pedagogías es un concepto multidimensional emergente construido a partir de la relación entre los componentes pedagógicos (como la tecnología, la pedagogía y el contenido) y los contextos pedagógicos cambiantes de la sociedad, la economía, la educación y la ciencia y tecnología para mencionar algunos. Desafortunadamente, para los marcos teóricos tradicionales existentes no es importante la relación entre los componentes y los contextos pedagógicos cambiantes. Las pedagogías tradi...

Effet de prétraitements des semences sur la germination de Prosopis africana (Guill., Perrot. et Rich. Taub., (Césalpiniacées

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

M'po Ifonti M'po

2009-01-01

Full Text Available Effect of Seed Treatments on the Germination of Iron Tree Prosopis africana (Guill., Perrot. et Rich. Taub. The effect of four seed treatments (i soaking in concentrate sulphuric acid for 15 mn, (ii soaking in hot water at 100 oC for 3 mm followed by in immersion into tap water for 24 hours, (iii scarification with razor blade (iv no treatment on the germination of Prosopis africana seeds was evaluated on two types of growing substrate: erosion sand and ferrallitic soil. Non treated seeds gave the highest rates of germination on the two types of growing substrate (100% on erosion sand and 89% on ferrallitic soil and by much longer duration of germination compared to treated seeds (46 days on erosion sand and 42 days on ferrallitic soil. Overall, germination is better (rates and speed on erosion sand. Treatments of the seeds in concentrate sulphuric acid are prejudicial to the survival of the embryo and yield low germination rates (30% on erosion sand and 20% on ferrallitic soil. Scarification by razor blade and soaking in hot water at 100 oC gave the highest germination rate (85%, 18 days after sowing on erosion sand and allowed to accelerate the germination. Because of their simplicity and their low cost, these two seed treatments can be recommended for planters and the use of erosion sand for the sowing.

Conferencia Argentina de Educación Médica: agendas, aportes y temas Emergentes

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

María Eugenia Brissón

Full Text Available Propósito: En el presente trabajo se pretende identificar en las Conferencias Argentinas de Educación Médica (CAEMs cuáles son los temas que -en relación a la formación de médicos- se han debatido, los que ocupan la agenda actual y los emergentes, así como establecer algunas relaciones con el movimiento internacional en ese campo, en los últimos veinte años. Material y método: Se trata de un estudio descriptivo del período 1985 - 2003. Se realizaron análisis de programas y resúmenes presentados (CAEMs 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, búsquedas no sistemáticas en Internet, revisión documental y consultas a informantes claves. Resultados: Temas en debate: admisión; evaluación y acreditación; cambios curriculares; selección, formación y evaluación del cuerpo docente y evaluación de la calidad de los egresados. Temas emergentes: asuntos de la agenda mundial son apenas incipientes en los debates de las CAEMs. Relaciones con el movimiento internacional: conformación de asociaciones sin fines de lucro para el desarrollo de la educación médica, participación en reuniones internacionales, desarrollo de proyectos de investigaciones, fortalecimiento de la formación de postgrado y legislación de aplicación en el campo de la educación médica. Conclusiones: Existencia de contribuciones mutuas entre el pensamiento latinoamericano en educación médica y el global. En Argentina la expansión de la educación médica ha sido apreciable en los últimos veinte años. Las CAEM han servido como ámbito de convocatoria, discusión y difusión de las cuestiones de la agenda general y de temas particulares del país. Ha dado lugar al establecimiento de líneas de actividades y al inicio de investigaciones. En general, si bien prevalece una discusión basada en opiniones, se advierte, en el transcurso de los años, un mejoramiento de la calidad de las comunicaciones y de los trabajos presentados.

Antioxidant activity of ethanolic extract of inflorescence of Ormenis Africana in vitro and in cell cultures

Science.gov (United States)

2011-01-01

Background The antioxidant potency of the hydroethanolic extract of Ormenis Africana (HEOA), Asteraceae was evaluated with regards to total polyphenol, flavonoid and anthocyanins content. Antioxidant activity has been assessed chemically and biologically. First, the free radical scavenging ability of HEOA was evaluated using two commonly in vitro tests: ABTS and DPPH radicals. Then, the protection effect of this extract against oxidative stress was conducted in HeLa cells treated with Fe2+ or H2O2. Oxidative stress was evaluated by measuring the lipid peroxidation levels (TBARs and DC) and the antioxidant enzymes activities (catalase and Superoxide dismutase). Cytotoxic effect of HEOA was prealably determined against HeLa cell line by MTT assay. Results HEOA contain considerable levels of antioxidant compound as evidenced by high amount of polyphenols (312.07 mg GAE/g dray matter), flavonoids (73.72 ± 1.98 mg QE/g dray matterl) and anthocyanins (0.28 ± 0.09 mg Cy-3-glu E/g dray matter). DPPH and ABTS assays showed a high antioxidant activity (IC50 = 24 μg/ml; TEAC = 2.137 mM) which was comparable to BHT. In biological system, HEOA exhibited a 50% cytotoxic concentration evaluated as 16.52 μg/ml. Incubation of HeLa cell line with no cytotoxic concentrations resulted in a remarkable protection from oxidative stress induced by Fe2+ or H2O2 which was evidenced by a decrease of MDA and CD levels as well as a diminution of antioxidant enzymes activities (Catalase and SOD) as compared to cells treated with Fe2+ or H2O2 alone. Conclusion The hydroethanolic extract of O. Africana could thus be considered as a source of potential antioxidants. The results of this study will promote the reasonable usage of this plant in food and pharmacy industries as well as in alternative medicine and natural therapy. PMID:21575256

Tecnologías emergentes en la educación: una experiencia de formación de docentes que fomenta el diseño de ambientes de aprendizaje

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Oscar Rafael Boude Figueredo

2013-06-01

Full Text Available Este texto describe los resultados obtenidos en una experiencia de formación de docentes, que son estudiantes de la Maestría en Informática Educativa de la Universidad de La Sabana, dentro de la asignatura electiva Tecnologías Emergentes en la Educación, que cuyo objetivo es: "ofrecer al estudiante un espacio de reflexión y conceptualización sobre las principales tecnologías emergentes (TE y sus usos en la educación". Entre los principales resultados, se encuentra que los estudiantes analizaron, indagaron y reflexionaron sobre las siguientes TE: Computación en la Nube, Inteligencia Colectiva, Mashups de Datos, Webs en Colaboración y Redes sociales. Asimismo, propusieron definiciones desde el punto de vista académico de cada una de ellas y diseñaron ocho ambientes de aprendizaje que integran de forma pedagógica una o varias TE en diferentes contextos educativos.

Ocorrência de compostos de interesse emergente no aquífero Dunas-Barreiras e nos esgotos de Natal/RN

OpenAIRE

Silva, Francisco Francimar da Fonseca

2015-01-01

A detecção de microcontaminantes de interesse emergente em amostras ambientais de águas superficiais, águas subterrâneas, água potável, águas residuárias e efluentes de estações de tratamento de água e esgoto (ETAs e ETEs), em vários países, indica que esses poluentes encontram-se disseminados pelo meio ambiente, principalmente em regiões urbanizadas. Isto é motivo de grande preocupação, pois muitos desses compostos são potencialmente prejudiciais aos seres humanos e a outro...

Potências médias emergentes e reforma da arquitetura financeira mundial?: Uma análise do BRICS no G20

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Leonardo Ramos

2014-06-01

Full Text Available A partir de 2000, na cúpula de Okinawa, o sistema G7/8 começou um movimento de outreach, ou seja, tanto de "alcançar" aqueles que se encontravam fora quanto de "expandir" o sistema G7/8. Neste sentido, pela primeira vez países não-participantes do G8 foram envolvidos tanto em encontros do G8 quanto em consultas pré-cúpula. Neste processo a cúpula de Gleneagles, em 2005, foi um marco, pois nesta pela primeira vez há um documento conjunto emitido por Brasil, Índia, China, África do Sul e México (BICSAM - Outreach Five ou Grupo dos Cinco (+5. Tal articulação entre tais países tendo como foco o sistema G7/8 vai ocorrer até a cúpula de L’Aquila, em 2009. Não obstante, como desde 2008 o G20 vem lidando com tais questões como um fórum de líderes e a partir de 2009 o BRIC passa a se reunir como coalizão, tal articulação paralela ao G8 perde sua relevância. Neste contexto, uma questão que surge diz respeito à relação entre BRICS e G20. Como se dá a ação de tal bloco emergente neste fórum? Qual seu impacto para as decisões tomadas no âmbito de tal fórum? Qual a importância da China neste processo? Questões deste tipo são relevantes uma vez que muitas abordagens sobre o G20 e sobre as potências médias emergentes falam a respeito da legitimidade e da representatividade do G20 sem, contudo, dar a devida atenção às potências médias emergentes, suas coalizões e formas de engajamento e articulação no âmbito do G20, e é neste contexto que se insere o presente artigo, que busca analisar a inserção e articulação do BRICS no âmbito do G20, suas potencialidades e limites.

Características singulares del comercio exterior de los grandes países emergentes: el caso de Rusia

OpenAIRE

Rohr Trushcheleva, Margarita

2013-01-01

El proyecto de tesis plantea el objetivo global de arrojar luz sobre la realidad comercial y demográfica de una de las principales potencias emergentes, la Federación de Rusia. La propia importancia del país y el limitado número de estudios existentes hasta el momento al respecto justifican la elección del objeto de estudio. Un segundo objetivo, aportación esencial en este trabajo, es la construcción de series inéditas para la economía rusa, mediante la combinación de múltiples fuentes disper...

Enduring consequences of early experiences: 40 year effects on survival and success among African elephants (Loxodonta africana).

Science.gov (United States)

Lee, Phyllis C; Bussière, Luc F; Webber, C Elizabeth; Poole, Joyce H; Moss, Cynthia J

2013-04-23

Growth from conception to reproductive onset in African elephants (Loxodonta africana) provides insights into phenotypic plasticity, individual adaptive plastic responses and facultative maternal investment. Using growth for 867 and life histories for 2652 elephants over 40 years, we demonstrate that maternal inexperience plus drought in early life result in reduced growth rates for sons and higher mortality for both sexes. Slow growth during early lactation was associated with smaller adult size, later age at first reproduction, reduced lifetime survival and consequently limited reproductive output. These enduring effects of trading slow early growth against immediate survival were apparent over the very long term; delayed downstream consequences were unexpected for a species with a maximum longevity of 70+ years and unpredictable environmental experiences.

Isolation of a Novel Fusogenic Orthoreovirus from Eucampsipoda africana Bat Flies in South Africa

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Petrus Jansen van Vuren

2016-02-01

Full Text Available We report on the isolation of a novel fusogenic orthoreovirus from bat flies (Eucampsipoda africana associated with Egyptian fruit bats (Rousettus aegyptiacus collected in South Africa. Complete sequences of the ten dsRNA genome segments of the virus, tentatively named Mahlapitsi virus (MAHLV, were determined. Phylogenetic analysis places this virus into a distinct clade with Baboon orthoreovirus, Bush viper reovirus and the bat-associated Broome virus. All genome segments of MAHLV contain a 5' terminal sequence (5'-GGUCA that is unique to all currently described viruses of the genus. The smallest genome segment is bicistronic encoding for a 14 kDa protein similar to p14 membrane fusion protein of Bush viper reovirus and an 18 kDa protein similar to p16 non-structural protein of Baboon orthoreovirus. This is the first report on isolation of an orthoreovirus from an arthropod host associated with bats, and phylogenetic and sequence data suggests that MAHLV constitutes a new species within the Orthoreovirus genus.

Evaluación agronómica y nutricional del pasto estrella africana (cynodon nlemfuensis En la zona de monte verde, puntarenas, Costa Rica. II. valor nutricional

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Luis Villalobos

2014-01-01

Full Text Available Se analizó el valor nutricional del pasto estrella africana ( Cynodon nlemfuensis a lo largo de 2 años en muestreos bimensuales, en 4 fincas comerciales de ganado lechero ubicadas en los cantones de Tilarán y Central (latitud 10°20’ N, longitud 84°50’, altitud 800 a 1200 msnm de las provincias de Guanacaste y Puntarenas, respectivamente. Las muestras se recolectaron en el aparto siguiente a ser pastoreado y se utilizó una altura de cosecha de 10 cm, para simular el pastoreo que hacen los animales. La composición nutricional promedio para los 2 años de evalua - ción fue de 23,57% MS, 20,27% PC, 2,67% EE, 10,97% cenizas, 64,21% FDN, 34,95% FDA, 4,06% lignina y 68,02% DIVMS y su contenido energético para las variables de TND, ED, EM, EN L (3X y EN G fue 61,37%; 2,71; 2,05; 1,25 y 0,78 Mcal.kg -1 de MS, respectivamente. El valor nutricional del pasto estrella africana varió a lo largo del año como resultado de la climatología de la zona de Monteverde, siendo las fincas con influencia de la vertiente del Pacífico las de menor afectación en la calidad del forraje. El pasto estrella africana mostró un contenido de PC superior a lo reportado para dicha especie y, en general, para pastos tropicales, por lo cual no es limitante para la producción láctea, y la suplementación del ganado lechero en la zona debe utilizar fuentes que permitan una utiliza - ción eficiente del N soluble a nivel ruminal. La rotación del pasto estrella cada 25 días debe ser flexible para permitir, en conjunto con programas de fertilización, optimizar la productividad de las pasturas y su persistencia.

CONVERGÊNCIA E TRANSMÍDIA: GALÁXIAS SEMÂNTICAS E NARRATIVAS EMERGENTES EM JORNALISMO

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Geane Alzamora

2012-06-01

Full Text Available Este artigo procura discutir as possibilidades de aplicação no Jornalismo do conceito de narrativa transmidiática, proposto por Henry Jenkins (2003 no âmbito das narrativas ficcionais. Aborda inicialmente as definições de Transmedia Storytelling, investiga as diferenças conceituais entre convergência e transmídia e propõe uma abordagem própria do conceito de transmídia no universo jornalístico, fundada na perspectiva do conhecimento produzido em dimensão transmidiática e nas especificidades informacionais dos formatos. Conclui com uma exploração inicial de exemplos de narrativas emergentes no contexto do jornalismo transmidiático, como o Jornalismo de Imersão e os newsgames, sugerindo que o experimentalismo seja um aspecto marcante da narrativa transmídia.

Acute death associated with Citrobacter freundii infection in an African elephant (Loxodonta africana).

Science.gov (United States)

Ortega, Joaquín; Corpa, Juan M; Orden, José A; Blanco, Jorge; Carbonell, María D; Gerique, Amalia C; Latimer, Erin; Hayward, Gary S; Roemmelt, Andreas; Kraemer, Thomas; Romey, Aurore; Kassimi, Labib B; Casares, Miguel

2015-09-01

A 21-year-old male African elephant (Loxodonta africana) died suddenly with no previous medical history. Grossly, there were severe multifocal epicardial and endocardial hemorrhages of the atria and ventricles, hydropericardium, multifocal pleural hemorrhages, and severe pulmonary congestion and edema. Histologically, there was fibrinoid vasculitis and thrombosis in the heart and lung and myocardial necrosis. Citrobacter freundii was isolated in abundance in pure culture from liver and heart samples. Low levels of multiples types of elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus (EEHV-6, EEHV-2B, and EEHV-3A) were detected in spleen samples, but not in heart samples. The levels of EEHV DNA found were much lower than those usually associated with acute EEHV hemorrhagic disease, and many other genomic loci that would normally be found in such cases were evidently below the level of detection. Therefore, these findings are unlikely to indicate lethal EEHV disease. Polymerase chain reaction for encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV) and toxicology for oleander (Nerium oleander) were negative. Stress, resulting from recent transport, and antimicrobial therapy may have contributed to the death of this animal. © 2015 The Author(s).

Doenças infecciosas emergentes no Uruguai: memórias do século 20

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

María Hortal

2017-02-01

Full Text Available As doenças emergentes não são novos eventos epidemiológicos: existiram epidemias, mesmo no território uruguaio. A globalização com múltiplos fatores de intervenção acentuou o dinamismo biológico de agentes infecciosos e populações humanas. Considerando que uma doença emergente é causada por um novo agente ou que produz uma série de casos que excedem o número esperado, que invade uma área geográfica diferente ou reaparece após um desaparecimento prolongado, foram feitas tentativas para recuperar memórias de epidemias ocorridas no Uruguai durante o século XX. Também destacou o progresso do conhecimento sobre a biologia dos agentes infecciosos e seu controle. Muitas das doenças epidêmicas endêmicas das primeiras décadas do século, no final deste século foram controladas por vacinas. Há também surtos de outras doenças transmissíveis ou aparecem etiologias desconhecidas. Para obter toda essa informação, foi realizada uma revisão bibliográfica, mas foram encontradas relativamente poucas publicações de epidemias bacterianas ou virais. No entanto, a informação recuperada nos permitiu seguir o comportamento de doenças prevalentes, apreciar ao longo dos anos, a evolução de seus surtos epidêmicos, os sucessos e falhas de recursos para seu controle, bem como a capacidade de subsistência da maioria dos agentes infecciosos. No mundo e no Uruguai, durante o século 20, foi surpreendente expandir o conhecimento que, a partir de uma microbiologia incipiente, atingiu um alto nível científico / técnico que nos permitiu iniciar um novo século com possibilidades auspiciosas para enfrentar desafios persistentes e imprevisíveis.

El proyecto político afroperuano: ¿La reivindicación de una diáspora africana sin África?; O projeto político afro-peruano: A reivindicação de uma diáspora africana sem África?; The Afro-Peruvian Political Project: The claim of an African diaspora without Africa?

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Juan Enrique Pozada Pineda

2015-07-01

Full Text Available Resumen: Cuando nos referimos a los términos “diáspora africana”, “afrodescendencia” o “afrodescendientes”, inevitablemente debemos hacer referencia a África. En función a ello, África, podría entenderse como la raíz y el origen de estas tres dimensiones identitarias. En el caso del Perú, específicamente con el proyecto político étnico enarbolado por las organizaciones de derechos civiles afroperuanas y por algunas entidades del Estado especializadas en “lo afroperuano”, las reivindicaciones de una afrodescendencia o pertenencia a una diáspora africana, no suelen dirigirse a África, sino a sus pares afrodescendientes más próximos. Esto como si el Océano Atlántico fuese un gran abismo entre dos mundos muy distintos: el afrodescendiente y el africano. El presente trabajo pretende dar un acercamiento a esta realidad, en donde las luchas por la reivindicación de una diáspora africana se presentan sin África, sin lo africano, desarraigadas de su raíz, aunque sí, con un “África” imaginada, más “cercana” y menos “extraña”.   Palabras clave: Afroperuanos, diáspora, africanidades, proyectos identitarios, afrodescendencia.       Resumo: Quando nos referimos     aos termos "diáspora africana", "afrodescendência" ou "afrodescendentes", inevitavelmente devemos fazer referência à África. Em função disso, se podia entender a África como a raiz e origem destas três dimensões identitárias. No caso do Perú, especificamente com o projeto étnico-político elaborado pelas organizações de direitos civis afro- peruanas e por algumas entidades do Estado especializadas no "afroperuano", as reivindicações de uma afrodescendência ou pertença a uma diáspora africana, normalmente não para dirigir-se a África, se não a seus pares afrodescendentes     mais próximos. Isto como se o oceano Atlântico fosse um grande abismo entre dois mundos distintos: o do afrodescendente e o do africano. O

FRAGILIDADE POTENCIAL E EMERGENTE NA BACIA DO RIO DAS PEDRAS, GUARAPUAVA, PR - BRASIL

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Paulo Eugênio Pachechenik

2013-10-01

Full Text Available O presente trabalho teve por objetivo delimitar a potencialidade do uso do solo para auxiliar no planejamento da exploração dos recursos naturais da bacia do rio das Pedras, situada no município de Guarapuava, Paraná, Brasil. Aplicou-se uma metodologia de análise empírica da fragilidade ambiental, digitalizando a área e rede de drenagem da bacia, e gerando-se, posteriormente, um modelo numérico do terreno, empregando programas especializados. A área da bacia apresenta fragilidade ambiental potencial entre as classes “média” e “alta”, com os usos do solo classificando-a na fragilidade ambiental emergente “muito baixa” e “baixa”. Os limites da potencialidade de uso do solo indicam que a bacia está protegida da erosão e os fatores de forma demonstram, para as atuais condições, que há “pequena” possibilidade de ocorrer enchentes.

ALERTA DE TECNOLOGIAS NOVAS E EMERGENTES: O DESAFIO DE INFORMAR A SOCIEDADE

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Pollyanna Teresa Cirilo Gomes

2015-10-01

Full Text Available O monitoramento do Horizonte Tecnológico (MHT é uma etapa específica da Avaliação de Tecnologias em Saúde. Este trabalho teve como objetivo construir um modelo de Alerta de MHT centrado na sociedade, nos gestores e nos profissionais de saúde, a fim de ser utilizado no âmbito do Ministério da Saúde. Para isso, foram pesquisados nos sítios eletrônicos das agências integrantes da EuroScan, informes e alertas de tecnologias em saúde novas e emergentes. A partir dessa busca, levou-se em consideração a relevância da informação, a rapidez na obtenção dos dados e a disponibilidade para a equipe elaboradora. Os Alertas de MHT poderão promover o acesso dos diferentes segmentos da sociedade a informações baseadas na melhor evidência científica disponível, e poderá auxiliar nos processos de tomada decisão em saúde.

Efectos sobre la salud de la contaminación de agua y alimentos por virus emergentes humanos

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Sílvia Bofill-Mas

2005-01-01

Full Text Available El desarrollo de tecnologías moleculares aplicadas a estudios ambientales ha permitido constatar que incluso en países altamente industrializados existe una alta prevalencia de virus en el medio ambiente, lo que causa un importante impacto en la salud pública e importantes pérdidas económicas, principalmente a través de la transmisión de virus por agua y alimentos. Concentraciones significativas de virus son detectadas en las aguas vertidas al ambiente y en los biosólidos generados en plantas de tratamiento de agua residual. En este trabajo se describen las características generales de la contaminaci ón ambiental por virus, principalmente por virus emergentes, analizándose con mayor profundidad los virus de la hepatitis E (VHE y los poliomavirus humanos como los virus contaminantes ambientales de más reciente identificación en países industrializados. Se ha demostrado que existe una elevada prevalencia de los poliomavirus humanos, BK y JC, en agua residual en todos los paí- ses estudiados, lo que implica la potencial transmisión de los virus y de genes potencialmente cancerígenos por vía oral. Estudios recientes demuestran que el patrón epidemiológico de la infección por VHE en países industrializados es complejo y que una gran diversidad de cepas del VHE infecta simultáneamente a la población. El control de la contaminación viral del medio ambiente requiere la estandarización de técnicas moleculares y el desarrollo de un programa de vigilancia que permita valorar parámetros víricos y reducir la diseminación de las enfermedades establecidas y de las infecciones víricas emergentes.

Antibacterial activity of crude methanolic extract and various fractions of Vitex agnus castus and Myrsine africana against clinical isolates of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus.

Science.gov (United States)

Ahmad, Bashir; Hafeez, Nabia; Ara, Gulshan; Azam, Sadiq; Bashir, Shumaila; Khan, Ibrar

2016-11-01

Staphylococcus aureus is a nosocomial pathogen that resides in the soft tissues causing many diseases. The current study was conducted to determine the prevalence of Methicillin Resistant S. aureus (MRSA) in ear discharge and pus of patients and antibacterial activity of crude methanolic extract (Cr. MeOH Ext.) and various fractions of M. Africana and V. agnus castus against clinical isolates of MRSA. A total of 40 samples were collected from ear, nose and throat (ENT) outpatient department and wards of Khyber Teaching Hospital (KTH), Peshawar. Out of 40 samples, 36 (90%) samples showed growth on Mannitol Salt Agar (MSA) media out of which 9(25%) were MRSA and the remaining 27(75%) were methicillin susceptible S. aureus (MSSA). A good antibacterial activity was observed for the Cr. MeOH Ext. (76.1%) and ethyl acetate (EtOAc) fraction of V. agnus castus against S11 (71.4%). The n-hexane fraction also showed good antibacterial effect (70%) against S 26 . The chloroform (CHCl3), butanol (BuOH) and aqueous fractions of M. africana showed good antibacterial activity against S 11 (71.4%), S32 (70%) and S 26 (75%), respectively. The above results revealed that the selected plants can be further utilized for isolation of the active ingredients as the crude extracts were found good for inhibition of MRSA.

QR académico: una propuesta didáctica emergente con apropiación de la cultura juvenil

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Flora Arteaga Bustos

2016-08-01

Full Text Available Presentar una propuesta didáctica emergente para el uso del celular dentro del aula mediante la utilización de códigos QR (quick response- respuesta rápida- rige el objetivo del artículo. Se basa en la sistematización de teorías previas, identificadas en la búsqueda por difundir las nuevas estrategias educativas tecnológicas que se desarrollan en el ámbito venezolano. Su fundamentación se basa en la promoción de competencias digitales cónsonas a la cultura juvenil, la mejora de la calidad educativa y la optimización del desempeño estudiantil, aspectos fundamentales de las metas educativas de la CEPAL, de la OEI y de la UNESCO. El método utilizado es cuali-cuantitativo, para la técnica se diseñó una entrevista realizada al docente y un cuestionario dirigido a 20 de sus estudiantes. Los resultados indican mayor motivación e interés de los alumnos por la lectura y la investigación, así como un notable desarrollo del trabajo cooperativo-participativo. Se considera el establecer una mayor apropiación de las actividades en el aula consolidando la cultura juvenil, por lo que se demuestra el potencial de los códigos QR como herramienta educativa emergente. Como obstáculo evidenciado con el uso de la aplicación se menciona la deficiente interconectividad a la Internet. Se recomiendan procesos de difusión sobre nuevas experiencias docentes, como propuestas significativas de transposición didáctica tecnológica.

"Nosso Darfur, Darfur deles": a política desviante do Sudão e a nascente "limpeza étnica" em uma emergente anarquia Africana "Our Darfur, their Darfur": Sudan's politics of deviance and the rising "ethnic-cleansing" in an African emerging anarchy

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Isiaka Alani Badmus

2008-08-01

Full Text Available Este artigo analisa a atual guerra civil na região oeste da República do Sudão (RS, em Darfur, dentro do contexto mais amplo da antiga crise de governo do país no âmbito nacional, que é condicionada pelas políticas desiguais do Estado central e de sua elite árabe dominante. Usando o que Frost (1996 identificou como conjunto de normas "estabelecidas" nas relações internacionais para investigar as condutas do Sudão na política doméstica e na política internacional, este trabalho conclui que Cartum é culpada por graves comportamentos impróprios e violações do direito internacional humanitário. Esses comportamentos desviantes, atrelados a sua busca para estabelecer um Estado teocrático e exportar sua ideologia radical, opuseram a RS à comunidade internacional. Baseando-se nos atuais engajamentos militares de Cartum e em operações similares anteriores, este estudo defende que, para que o Sudão consiga superar a presente dificuldade política, seus governantes devem, com sinceridade de propósito, abandonar suas políticas desequilibradas e dar preferência àquelas inclusivas, abertas a todas as formações étnicas no país. Na análise final, é argumentado que isto só pode ter sentido dentro de um contexto de melhores condições socioeconômicas, pois, stricto sensu, requer o apoio econômico ao Sudão por parte da África e da comunidade internacional em geral.This article analyses the current civil war in the Republic of the Sudan's (RoS western region of Darfur within the broad context of the country's age-old crisis of governance at the national level; conditioned by the inequitable State's policies of the central state and its dominant Arab elite. Using Frost's (1996 identified "settled" body of norms in international relations to probe Sudan's conducts in domestic and international politics, this paper found Khartoum guilty of gross misconducts and violations of international humanitarian law. These deviant behaviours, rooted in its quest to establish a theocratic state and export its radical ideology overseas, have pitted the RoS with the wider international community. Drawing from Khartoum's current military engagements in Darfur and previous similar operations, this study contends strongly that for Sudan to come out of its present political hiccup, its rulers must jettison its lopsided policies in peference for the ones that are inclusive of all ethnic formations in the country with sincerity of purpose. In the final analysis, it is argued that this can only becomes meaningful within the context of improved socio-economic conditions. This, stricto sensus, calls for the Africa's development partners and the wider international community's economic support to Sudan.

ENFERMEDADES INFECCIOSAS EMERGENTES: EL TURNO DEL VIRUS DEL ZIKA

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Carlos Arturo Álvarez Moreno

2016-04-01

ó y continúa siendo una causa frecuente de epidemias. En Suramérica, incluyendo Colombia, el último brote fue introducido en 1991.

Más cerca, en 1918, la pandemia de la influenza (gripa española produjo solo en Estados Unidos 500.000 muertes y mucho más cerca, la pandemia de influenza por la A(H1N1 causó solo en el 2009 cerca de 500.000 muertes y aún sigue circulando, generando muertes adicionales (1. Si a esto le sumamos los casos de otras enfermedades emergentes como síndrome respiratorio agudo severo causados por coronavirus (SARS en el 2003 o MERS actualmente o el brote de fiebre amarilla (enfermedad reemergente ocurrido en el 2003-2004 en nuestro país, se puede decir que las enfermedades infecciosas, tanto las emergentes como las reemergentes, lejos de estar controladas, cada vez son un problema creciente de salud pública.

1 Miembro Correspondiente. Academia Nacional de Medicina. Profesor Titular, Facultad de Medicina. Universidad Nacional de
Colombia. Director General, Clínica Universitaria Colombia, Clínicas COLSANITAS S.A...

Estrategias funcionales emergentes de promoción por parte de los ejecutivos del negocio bancario: Estudio preliminar a la Banca en Maracaibo

OpenAIRE

Emmanuel Borgucci; Roberto Cubillán

2003-01-01

En esta investigación de carácter preliminar, se trata de demostrar la existencia de estrategias funcionales emergentes por parte de los ejecutivos de negocios bancarios. Se diseñó una investigación de tipo descriptivo y se aplicó un cuestionario semiestructurado y validado con el procedimiento del pretest-test a 16 ejecutivos del área petrolera pertenecientes a 10 bancos ubicados en Maracaibo (Venezuela). Se concluye que sobre la base de una serie de habilidades personales y oper...

Ontem, hoje e amanhã: sobre a web e as ferramentas colaborativas emergentes para o professor de língua estrangeira

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Alan Ricardo Costa

2016-12-01

Full Text Available Considerando que “[...] só é possível prever o futuro quando se olha para o passado” (LEFFA, 2012, p.404, se faz necessário investigar o passado e o presente da web, das Tecnologias de Informação e Comunicação (TIC e das tecnologias educacionais para o ensino e a aprendizagem de Línguas Estrangeira (LE, para especular sobre o futuro, por mais incerto que este seja. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar e discutir as mudanças nas TIC e ferramentas educacionais, do passado para o presente, para apontar perspectivas emergentes ao alcance do professor de LE. Os resultados - que partem de observações sobre alguns recursos e ferramentas digitais disponíveis no Repositório Acción E/LE (Espanhol como Língua Estrangeira - indicam que: (1 recursos online e TIC em geral não tendem a negar o antigo, mas sim incorporá-lo ao novo, fazendo com que tais recursos estejam em contínua evolução; (2 esta evolução, consequentemente, acontece de forma gradual e complexa: nem todas as TIC e tecnologias educacionais mudam ao mesmo tempo ou na mesma medida; (3 a tendência mais visível e emergente é, possivelmente, a colaboração em massa subjacente às ferramentas e seus usos, o que explica o surgimento dos Recursos Educacionais Abertos (REA, por exemplo.

Um campo emergente: a arqueologia da música e suas interfaces com o patrimônio

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Fabio Vergara

2016-07-01

Full Text Available A presente entrevista com o arqueólogo Fábio Vergara Cerqueira traz informações sobre um campo emergente nos estudos arqueológicos, a assim chamada Arqueologia da Música, que conta, entre suas ramificações, com a especialidade da Arqueoorganologia, que, na sua variante iconográfica, é uma área de atuação deste arqueólogo. Esta nova disciplina se desenvolve em um domínio epistemológico bastante complexo e interdisciplinar e, mais recentemente, como se observa na articulação de programas internacionais de pesquisa, apresenta intensa integração à temática patrimonial, ligada sobretudo ao patrimônio dito imaterial, com forte valorização de saberes musicais de comunidades tradicionais.

Psycho-physiologic emergentism; four minds in a body

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

David L. Rowland

2017-10-01

Full Text Available The mind-body problem represents one of the most debated topics in the neurosciences. From a psychological standpoint, abstract/non-material data are an intrinsic part of the mind, intervening to a large extent in reasoning and decision making processes. Imaging studies also show a strong correlation between higher cognitive functions (such as working memory and specific cerebral brain regions (a fronto-parietal network of interacting left and right brain areas. In contrast, the physical/material brain would be unable to interact with abstract-immaterial data, such that the psychological processing of abstract data (processes such as thinking, reasoning, and judgment is attributed to the mind, with the mind representing a distinct entity interposed between the brain and abstract-immaterial data. Recent data suggest that the mind-body problem may simply be an artifact of human experience/ understanding, as the brain actually represents actually an intrinsic part of the mind. Even if the physical brain is not able to interact with abstract mental data, the brain still could process abstract data through a dynamic association between the abstract data and cerebral stimuli/ impulses. This form of processing without interaction defines the mind as a complex neurobiological structure, with the unconscious part of the mind processing abstract-immaterial data in a conscious/ mental format. In this overview, important concepts of psycho-physiologic emergentism, including internal mental reality, internal mental existence, internal mental interaction, and structural and informational dichotomies of the brain, are iterated. Such concepts/properties represent a neuro-informational support system capable of generating four distinct minds within the single brain. Future studies should further develop the dynamic and immaterial-material nature of the mind, as a possible premise for a scientific definition and understanding of mental events like affectivity

Calorific value of Prosopis africana and Balanites aegyptiaca wood: Relationships with tree growth, wood density and rainfall gradients in the West African Sahel

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Montes, Carmen Sotelo; Weber, John C. [World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF), Sahel Office, B.P. E 5118 Bamako (Mali); Silva, Dimas Agostinho da; Bolzon de Muniz, Graciela Ines [Universidade Federal do Parana (UFPR), Av. Lothario Meissner, 900, CEP.: 80270-170-Curitiba (Brazil); Garcia, Rosilei A. [Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ), Instituto de Florestas, Departamento de Produtos Florestais, BR 465, km 07, 23890-000, Seropedica, Rio de Janeiro (Brazil)

2011-01-15

Prosopis africana and Balanites aegyptiaca are native tree species in the West African Sahel and provide wood for fuel, construction and other essential products. A provenance/progeny test of each species was established at one relatively dry site in Niger, and evaluated at 13 years. Gross calorific value of the wood was determined for a random sample of trees in each test: gross CV and CVm{sup 3} = gross calorific value in MJ kg{sup -1} and MJ m{sup -3}, respectively. The major objectives were to determine if gross CV was positively correlated with wood density and tree growth, and if gross CV and/or CVm{sup 3} varied with rainfall gradients in the sample region. Provenances were grouped into a drier and more humid zone, and correlations were computed among all trees and separately in each zone. Results indicated that gross CV was not significantly correlated with density in either species. Gross CV was positively correlated with growth of P. africana (but not B. aegyptiaca) only in the drier zone. Gross CVm{sup 3} was positively correlated with growth of both species, and the correlations were stronger in the drier zone. Multiple regressions with provenance latitude, longitude and elevation indicated that provenance means for gross CV increased, in general, from the drier to the more humid zones. Regressions with gross CVm{sup 3} were not significant. Results are compared with earlier research reports from the provenance/progeny tests and with other tropical hardwood species; and practical implications are presented for tree improvement and conservation programs in the region. (author)

Rhythm experience and Africana culture trial (REACT!): A culturally salient intervention to promote neurocognitive health, mood, and well-being in older African Americans.

Science.gov (United States)

Lukach, Alexis J; Jedrziewski, M Kathryn; Grove, George A; Mechanic-Hamilton, Dawn J; Williams, Shardae S; Wollam, Mariegold E; Erickson, Kirk I

2016-05-01

The Rhythm Experience and Africana Culture Trial (REACT!) is a multi-site randomized controlled intervention study designed to examine the efficacy of using African Dance as a form of moderate-intensity physical activity to improve cognitive function in older African Americans. African Americans are almost two times more likely than Caucasians to experience cognitive impairment in late adulthood. This increased risk may be attributed to lower level and quality of education, lower socioeconomic status, and higher prevalence of vascular diseases, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and obesity, all of which are recognized as risk factors for dementia. Fortunately, interventions targeting cardiovascular health (i.e., physical activity) are associated with improved neurocognitive function and a reduced risk for dementia, so African Americans may be particularly suited for interventions targeting cardiovascular health and cognitive function. Here, we describe a randomized intervention protocol for increasing physical activity in older (65-75years) African Americans. Participants (n=80) at two study locations will be randomized into one of two groups. The treatment group will participate in African Dance three times per week for six months and the control group will receive educational training on Africana history and culture, as well as information about health behaviors, three times per week for six months. If successful, the REACT! study may transform community interventions and serve as a platform and model for testing other populations, age groups, and health outcomes, potentially identifying novel and creative methods for reducing or eliminating health disparities. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Effet du biotope sur la diversité floristique et le polymorphisme phénotypique des groupements à Tamarix africana Poir. dans les zones arides de la région de Khenchela (Est Algerien

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Khabtane Abdelhamid

2012-12-01

Full Text Available RESUME Le genre Tamarix (Tamaricaceae regroupe plus de 80 espèces, parmi eux le Tamarix africana Poir. qui représente une très grande ubiquité en Algérie, soit du point de vue climatique (humidité et sécheresse, édaphique (sols salés et calcaires; où il représente l’espèce  à caractère typique des plantes thermo xérophytes. Pour contribuer à la connaissance de cette espèce et de son comportement nous avons essayé de suivre le comportement  phytosociologique ainsi que sa variabilité morphologique (l’hauteur, le recouvrement basale, nombre des ramifications à la base.. dans trois biotopes, extrêmement différents du point de vue climatique et édaphique,  dans les zones steppiques arides de la région de Khenchela (Est Algérien et qui sont  choisis  selon un transect Nord - Sud. Les résultats révèlent que les groupements à Tamarix africana Poir. représentent une richesse floristique importante, qui se diffère d’un site à l’autre, avec un polymorphisme phénotypique adaptée aux conditions spécifiques à chacun des trois sites et qui lui permet d’être l’espèce à forme arbustive  la plus adaptée pour la réhabilitation des écosystèmes dégradés dans les zones de transitions Désert-NordMots clés Tamarix africana P. - ubiquité- thermo xérophytes-  régions arides- halophytes- polymorphisme phénotypique

Turismo literario como tipología emergente del turismo cultural : Caso: la ciudad de La Plata y una novela de Bioy Casares

OpenAIRE

Corrado, Melina Denise

2015-01-01

El presente trabajo pretende aportar a la conceptualización teórica del turismo literario como tipología emergente del turismo cultural. A tales fines, se presenta la revisión bibliográfica pertinente sobre el tema, a partir de la cual se sustentan los nuevos aportes. Además, se enumeran en una breve descripción algunas experiencias de turismo literario en el mundo. Seguidamente, se explicita la caracterización del perfil del turista literario – real y potencial - que se suscita sobre las ...

Las TIC en educación: metaanálisis sobre investigación y líneas emergentes en México

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Karen Michelle Olivares Carmona

2016-10-01

Full Text Available El estudio que aquí presentamos tiene el objetivo de comentar, analizar y categorizar de manera descriptiva las líneas de generación y aplicación del conocimiento (LGAC de diversos productos de investigación científica relacionados con la integración de las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación (TIC al proceso educativo en México. Los objetivos específicos consisten en identificar la población a la que se orientan las investigaciones; comparar los tipos de población con mayor y menor número de investigaciones; comparar las LGAC que cuentan con más y menos estudios; y reconocer líneas emergentes de investigación. La metodología consideró criterios de inclusión para seleccionar repositorios y tipos de documentos a analizar (se eligieron 470 documentos; también se precisaron las LGAC sobre las cuales realizamos el análisis. Entre los resultados, encontramos que los niveles educativos con mayor y menor número de investigaciones son la educación superior y el preescolar, respectivamente. Los principales vacíos de conocimiento se localizaron en áreas de gestión y calidad de programas educativos y de políticas educativas en relación con las TIC. Las líneas emergentes de investigación estuvieron vinculadas a la educación de adultos tardíos, población indígena y estudiantes con necesidades educativas especiales.

Tecnologías y pedagogías emergentes instrumentadas en un Mooc en la Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja (UTPL)

OpenAIRE

Jara Roa, Dunia I.; Ramírez Montoya, María S.; Cabezas González, Marcos

2015-01-01

En esta comunicación se presenta la forma en que se utilizaron  las tecnologías y  las pedagogías emergentes para la educación abierta y masiva,  en la Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja (UTPL).  Se inicia con  la definición conceptual de los términos citados  y luego se presenta la forma en que fueron implementados en un Mooc, tratando de despejar la siguiente inquietud ¿en un Mooc es posible ejecutar el trabajo colaborativo teniendo una población participante heterogénea y geográficamen...

Evaluación agronómica y nutricional del pasto EStrella africana (Cynodon nlemfuensis en la zona de monteverde, puntarenas, Costa Rica. I. DISPONIBILIDAD DE BIOMASA Y FENOLOGÍA

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Luis Villalobos

2013-01-01

Full Text Available Se evaluó la disponibilidad de biomasa y la fenología del pasto estrella africana (Cynodon nlemfuensis a lo largo de 2 años en muestreos bimensuales, en 4 fincas comerciales de ganado lechero ubicadas en los cantones de Tilarán y Central (latitud 10°20’ N, longitud 84°50’ O,altitud 800 a 1200 msnm de las provincias de Guanacaste y Puntarenas, respectivamente. La disponibilidad de materia seca pre-pastoreo y laedad fenológica promedio fueron 4484 kg.ha-1. corte-1 y 7,36 hojas verdes por rebrote, respec- tivamente. La composición botánica promediode las pasturas fue 86,81% estrella, 2,52% otrasgramíneas, 1,39% leguminosas, 1,53% malezas y 7,75% material senescente. La disponibilidad de biomasa fue mayor en las fincas con influencia climática del Oceano Pacífico y su producción disminuyó en los meses de mayor precipitación. La edad fenológica del pasto estrella africana se ubica entre 6 y 8 hojas verdes por rebrote, lo cual permite una adecuada recuperación del pasto, y disminuyó en los meses con excesos deprecipitación.

Evaluation of Antibacterial and Antioxidant Activity of Leaves, Fruit and Bark of Kigelia Africana

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Fatima, I.; Shabir, S.; Bano, S.

2016-01-01

In vitro antibacterial activity of extracts was tested against six bacterial strains viz. Staphylococcus aureus, Proteus vulgaris, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Citrobacter amalonaticus by agar-disc diffusion method. Ethanol and n-hexane were used as negative control and oxytetracycline was used as a positive control. Ethanolic and aqueous extracts of bark and leaves of Kigelia africana showed remarkable activity against various bacterial strains as compared to n-hexane. S. aureus and E. coli were proved as highly sensitive strains while K. pneumonia was the resistant strain as the extracts formed no inhibition zone against it. The percentage of antioxidant activity of different parts of Kigelia was assessed by DPPH (1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) free radical assay. Quercetin was used as a standard antioxidant which showed 93.6 percent inhibition. Kigelia bark extract showed good antioxidant activity i.e., 67.33 percent inhibition, fruit extract possess moderate antioxidant activity i.e., 62.66 percent inhibition while leaves showed the poor antioxidant activity i.e., 59.66 percent DPPH inhibition respectively. Overall, the comparative analysis revealed that bark extract exhibited the most remarkable antibacterial as well as antioxidant activity as compared to leaves and fruit extracts. (author)

Etorphine-halothane anaesthesia in two five-year-old African elephants (Loxodonta africana : clinical communication

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

G.F. Stegmann

1999-07-01

Full Text Available Anaesthesia of 2 five-year-old femaleAfrican elephants (Loxodonta africana was required for dental surgery. The animals were each premedicated with 120 mg of azaperone 60 min before transportation to the hospital. Before offloading, 1 mg etorphine was administered intramuscularly (i.m. to each elephant to facilitate walking them to the equine induction / recovery room. For induction, 2 mg etorphine was administered i.m. to each animal. Induction was complete within 6 min. Surgical anaesthesia was induced with halothane-in-oxygen after intubation of the trunk. During surgery the mean heart rate was 61 and 45 beats / min respectively. Systolic blood pressures increased to 27.5 and 25.6 kPa respectively, and were treated with intravenous azaperone. Blood pressure decreased thereafter to a mean systolic pressure of 18.1 and 19.8 kPa, respectively. Rectal temperature was 35.6 and 33.9 oC at the onset of surgery, and decreased to 35.3 and 33.5 oC, respectively, at the end of anaesthesia. Etorphine anaesthesia was reversed with 5mg diprenorphine at the completion of 90 min of surgery.

The hypolipidemic effects of Afzelia africana in type II diabetic patients in Nigeria.

Science.gov (United States)

Nwosu, M C; Odenigbo, U M; Odenigbo, U C

2006-01-01

The projected rise in the world prevalence of diabetes mellitus poses new challenges in poor countries. Soluble fibre incorporation into the diet of diabetic patients has been shown to reduce the glyceamia and lipaemia of diabetes mellitus. The hypolipidemic effect of soluble fibre supplementation using the seed of locally available legume tree plant--Afzelia africana was studied in 13 Nigerian patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The subjects were randomly selected from the out patient diabetes mellitus clinic of Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, Nnewi. They were fed with unsupplemented and supplemented standardized diet for the first 2 days and subsequent 4 days respectively. The fibre supplementation was prepared and incorporated into the meal portions according to previously described technique and acceptability study. The fasting serum levels of TC, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C and HDL/TC ratio were estimated before and after the unsupplemented and fibre supplemented meals. The data obtained were analyzed using paired t-test. The correlation between the total energy requirement and the reduction in TC, pre and post fibre supplemented meals were determined using the linear coefficients. The results showed a significant reduction (P 0.05). The exploitation and incorporation of this source of soluble fibre in diabetic diets reduced the lipaemia of diabetes mellitus.

Evaluación del aprendizaje emergente: una experiencia con estudiantes universitarias de Educación Preescolar / Evaluating emergent learning: an experience with university preschool education students

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Badilla Saxe, Eleonora

2008-12-01

Full Text Available Resumen: Se aborda en este ensayo la necesidad de comprender y evaluar el aprendizaje como un fenómeno emergente, más allá del aprendizaje previsto en los planes de estudio y diseño curricular. Se ejemplifica con la reflexión del propio aprendizaje emergente de la autora en su proceso de dirección de un proyecto de investigación-acción en la Universidad de Costa Rica. En dicha investigación-acción participaron once estudiantes de licenciatura en educación preescolar y veinticinco niños y niñas de 5 y 6 años que contaron con materiales digitales en su ambiente y proceso de aprendizaje.Abstract:This essay discusses the need to understand and evaluate learning as an emergent phenomenon that transcends what has been foreseen in the curriculum. It includes reflections of the author as Director of a Reflective-Research Project at the University of Costa Rica UCR about her own emergent learning about evaluating emergent learning. The Research project was developed by eleven university students at the School of Education at UCR and twenty five preschool children using digital technologies in their learning process and environment.

Mosquitos Culicidae como vetores emergentes de infecções Culicidae mosquitoes as emerging vectors of diseases

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Oswaldo Paulo Forattini

1998-12-01

Full Text Available Apresenta-se sucinta revisão do relacionamento entre as chamadas infecções emergentes e o conceito de vetores emergentes. Estes são entendidos não apenas no que concerne aos que são descritos como tais, de forma nova, mas também aqueles com acentuadas mudanças de comportamento. Os fatores específicos que propiciam esse fenômeno identificam-se à poderosa influência humana sobre o ambiente. Assim, aquele construído pelo homem e conhecido como antrópico representa a função de pressão seletiva que induz as populações vetoras a se adaptarem às novas circunstâncias. Nelas inclui-se fatores ecológicos ambientais, ou demográficos, que incrementam o contato com os novos comportamentos vetoriais. Relata-se o encontro de criadouros anômalos de mosquitos Culicidae nas Américas. A interpretação desses encontros é feita visando à vigilância epidemiológica. O significado dessa emergência ou reemergência pode se traduzir no aparecimento de problemas epidemiológicos. Sugere-se que, em sendo assim, a vigilância epidemiológica deva ser feita em grau global.A review is presented of the relationships between the so-called emerging infectious diseases and what may be defined as emerging vectors. These include not only those that have recently appeared but also those that present remarkable behavioral changes. Specific factors leading to that emergence can be associated with the powerful human influence on the environment. So the man-made, i.e. anthropic environment, exercises a selective pressure inducing vector populations to adapt to new circumstances. These may arise from ecological, environmental, or demographic factors that increase contact with the new vector. With this in mind, data on anomalous Culicidae breeding places in the Americas are reported. An interpretation of these findings is offered in the light of epidemiological surveillance. The question is whether vector emergence or re-emergence may constitute an

Slon africký (Loxodonta africana, Blumenbach 1797),rešerše literatury se zaměřením na paměť a učení

OpenAIRE

Křivánek, Ondřej

2012-01-01

This BA thesis is a data retrieval aimed at the African elephant (Loxodonta africana). The present paper deals with the evolution, the specific anatomy and physiology, nutrition, communication, migration, daily routine, social behavior and reproduction of the African elephant. The main body of this study is, howewer, a report on the research on its memory and learning. The text has been compiled using scientific research papers and textbooks. Key words: African elephant, Loxodonta, anatomy, p...

PARADIGMA TRADICIONAL E PARADIGMA EMERGENTE: ALGUMAS IMPLICAÇÕES NA EDUCAÇÃO

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Wallace Carvalho Ribeiro

Full Text Available É intrínseco ao Homem conhecer os objetos e os fenômenos da realidade que o cerca, por meio de um ponto de vista que, por sinal, se refere a um paradigma que traz consigo uma epistemologia. Nesse con texto, o presente artigo objetiva levantar alguns princípios e pressupostos do Paradigma Tradicional e do Paradigma Emergente, como também visa apresentar algumas implicações desses dois paradigmas na Educação. Esse trabalho foi desenvolvido por meio de pesquisa bibliográfica e faz parte da dissertação de Mestrado, defendida no 1° semestre de 2009, pelo seu primeiro autor no Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação da PUC Minas. Ao final, constatou-se que se vive hoje um período de mudanças paradigmáticas, embora todos nós ainda temos muito do paradigma cartesiano-newtoniano, mas o surgimento de novos problemas oriundos da dinâmica da realidade nos impõe o desafio da transformação no nosso ser e agir, no intento de (reconstruir um conhecimento mais humano e diversificado.

Evaluación del cuesco de palma africana y del carbón del cerrejón para producir carbón activado

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Anundo Polanía León

2010-05-01

Full Text Available Se produjeron carbones activados a partir de carbón de El Cerrejón y del Cuesco de Palma Africana mediante activación con vapor de agua y KOH, a 700 y 800 ó 900°C variando la relación activante/carbonizado y el tiempo de activación. Los tiempos de activación a los que se desarrolla mayor área superficial son mucho más cortos con el vapor de agua que con el KOH. Al activar con este último se obtienen valores de área superficial similares errlas dos materias primas, según la temperatura de trabajo, mientras que la activación con vapor de agua, presenta características totalmente diferentes. La activación del Cuesco de Palma Africana con KOH, produce carbones esencialmente microporosos, mientras que con vapor de agua, produce carbones activados con una apreciable mesoporosidad favorecida por el incremento de la temperatura. La activación del carbón de El Cerrejón con KOH o vapor de agua produce carbones activados microporosos. En líneas generales se puede decir que el tipo de textura porosa obtenida en la producción de un carbón activado, es función no sólo de los agentes activantes utilizados, sino también del tipo u origen de la materia prima, mientras que la calidad del carbón activado, (área superficial total, es función del tiempo y de la temperatura de activación, al menos con los materiales de partida usados en este trabajo.

Estudio comparativo entre aislados clínicos y no clínicos de S. cerevisiae y su papel como patógeno emergente.

OpenAIRE

Llanos Frutos, Rosa de

2007-01-01

RESUMEN La levadura Saccharomyces cerevisiae es la especie más utilizada desde un punto de vista biotecnológico. En la industria agroalimentaria interviene en la elaboración de pan y bebidas alcohólicas como el vino y la cerveza, además se emplea como suplemento dietético y como agente probiótico bajo el nombre de S. cerevisiae var. boulardii. A pesar de sus propiedades beneficiosas, S. cerevisiae se considera actualmente una levadura patógena oportunista emergente de baja virulencia, capa...

Determinação de contaminantes emergentes em mananciais de água bruta e na água para consumo humano do Distrito Federal

OpenAIRE

Santana, Joyce da Silva

2013-01-01

Contaminantes emergentes referem-se às substâncias químicas cujo interesse por estudos associados à ocorrência e efeitos no ambiente é recente. Ainda há uma escassez de dados relacionados à ocorrência destes contaminantes no Brasil, o que motivou a realização do presente trabalho. Foram selecionadas amostras de águas superficiais do Lago Paranoá e de dois mananciais de água do Distrito Federal (DF): Rio Descoberto e Córrego Cabeça de Veado. Também foram analisadas ...

Avaliação e tratamento dos contaminantes emergentes ( Ácido Acetilsalicílico, Diclofenaco e Paracetamol ) utilizando processos oxidativos avançados

OpenAIRE

NAPOLEÃO, Daniella Carla

2011-01-01

O interesse da comunidade científica no estudo de micropoluentes é muito recente e tem aumentado a cada dia, uma vez que estas substâncias vêm causando alterações importantes no meio ambiente, interferindo no sistema endócrino de animais e de seres humanos. Logo, foi necessário classificar essas substâncias que receberam o nome de contaminantes emergentes, dentre os quais estão os fármacos de diferentes classes como: analgésicos, antiinflamatórios, drogas psiquiátricas, antilip...

SUCCESSFUL TREATMENT OF DIGITAL OSTEITIS BY INTRAVENOUS REGIONAL PERFUSION OF CEFTIOFUR IN AN AFRICAN ELEPHANT (LOXODONTA AFRICANA).

Science.gov (United States)

Dutton, Christopher J; Delnatte, Pauline G; Hollamby, Simon R; Crawshaw, Graham J

2017-06-01

A 41-yr-old African elephant ( Loxodonta africana ) presented with a swollen third digit of the left forelimb and a 2-cm hole in the pad. Corrective trimming, topical treatments, and an oral antibiotic resulted in apparent resolution; however, it reoccurred after 4 mo. Radiographs suggested bone lysis in the third phalanx, with the primary differential diagnosis being septic osteitis. Flushing with metronidazole solution and intravenous regional perfusion (IVRP) of the foot were commenced. A tourniquet was applied just above the carpus, an interdigital vein was identified by ultrasound, and into this vein 2 g (20 ml) of ceftiofur sodium solution, followed by 60 ml of heparinized saline, was administered. The foot was kept raised for 25 min and then the tourniquet was removed. IVRP was repeated every other day for 70 treatments over 6 mo. Healing occurred, which was confirmed radiographically. IVRP offers an excellent treatment modality in a well-trained elephant.

Development of a novel set of EST-SSR markers and cross-species amplification in Tamarix africana (Tamaricaceae).

Science.gov (United States)

Terzoli, Serena; Beritognolo, Isacco; Sabatti, Maurizio; Kuzminsky, Elena

2010-06-01

Tamarix plants are resistant to abiotic stresses and have become invasive in North America. Their taxonomy is troublesome, and few molecular makers are available to enable species identification or to track the spread of specific invasive genotypes. Transcriptome sequencing projects offer a potential source for the development of new markers. • Thirteen polymorphic simple sequence repeats (SSRs) markers derived from Expressed Sequence Tags (ESTs) from Tamarix hispida, T. androssowii, T. ramosissima, and T. albiflonum were identified and screened on 24 samples of T. africana to detect polymorphism. The number of alleles per locus ranged from two to eight, with an average of 4.3 alleles per locus, and the mean expected heterozygosity was 0.453. • Amplification products of these 13 loci were also generated for T. gallica. These new EST-SSR markers will be useful in genetic characterization of Tamarix, as additional tools for taxonomic clarification, and for studying invasive populations where they are a threat.

COMPORTAMENTO DA Cordia africana Lam. CULTIVADA EM SOLO CONTAMINADO POR METAIS PESADOS E TRATADO COM MATERIAIS AMENIZANTES

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ana Carolina Callegario Pereira

2013-01-01

Full Text Available This study aimed to evaluate the remediation of two soils contaminated with heavy metals from soil excavations, located near the port of Itaguaí, through the techniques of chemical immobilization and phytostabilization using the species Cordia africana. The data were collected in the ore courtyard from ‘Companhia Siderúgica Nacional’ (CSN, in the port of Itaguaí, Rio de Janeiro state. In order to reduce the solubility of heavy metals present in these substrates, two industrial waste products produced by CSN were used as ameliorating products, the steelmaking slag and the mill scale, in different concentrations. The plant species was considered with potential to be used in programs of phytostabilization, due to its heavy metal tolerance studied and to high accumulation of such elements in roots and stem. In the substrate of low combination, the lowest accumulation of zinc and cadmium in stems and leaves occurred with the use of 4% of soothing. In the substrate of high accumaltion it was 6%.

Convergência e transmídia: galáxias semânticas e narrativas emergentes em jornalismo

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Geane Alzamora

2012-06-01

Full Text Available Este artigo procura discutir as possibilidades de aplicação no Jornalismo do conceito de narrativa transmidiática, proposto por Henry Jenkins (2003 no âmbito das narrativas ficcionais. Aborda inicialmente as definições de Transmedia Storytelling, investiga as diferenças conceituais entre convergência e transmídia e propõe uma abordagem própria do conceito de transmídia no universo jornalístico, fundada na perspectiva do conhecimento produzido em dimensão transmidiática e nas especificidades informacionais dos formatos. Conclui com uma exploração inicial de exemplos de narrativas emergentes no contexto do jornalismo transmidiático, como o Jornalismo de Imersão e os newsgames, sugerindo que o experimentalismo seja um aspecto marcante da narrativa transmídia.

Estudio de contaminantes emergentes en acuíferos detríticos de la cuenca hidrográfica del río Guadalhorce (Málaga)

OpenAIRE

Vadillo Pérez, Iñaki; Candela Lledó, Lucila; Jiménez-Gavilán, Pablo; Urresti-Estala, Begoña; Corada Fernandez, Maria del Carmen

2016-01-01

Actualmente existe un creciente interés por los contaminantes emergentes, en especial por los productos farmacéuticos y de cuidado personal (PPCPs), ya que son contaminantes que han pasado inadvertidos a lo largo de los años debido a sus bajas concentraciones, pero que presentan efectos perjudiciales para la salud y el medio ambiente, algunos de ellos se comportan, incluso, como disruptores endocrinos. Estos compuestos, en su mayoría, no regulados en la legislación, han sido hallados en aguas...

LA INFLAMACIÓN COMO FACTOR CAUSAL EMERGENTE DE LA ENFERMEDAD CARDIOVASCULAR

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

T. Fernández-Mora

2007-06-01

Full Text Available La ateroesclerosis está involucrada en el desarrollo de la enfermedad cardiovascular, una de las principales enfermedades de morbimortalidad en el mundo. Se han determinado una serie de factores de riesgo, tanto clásicos como emergentes, implicados en el desarrollo de esta enfermedad. Recientes investigaciones han demostrado que la inflamación juega un papel clave en el desarrollo de la ateroesclerosis. Las células del sistema inmune se encuentran presentes en todos los estadios de las lesiones arterioescleróticasy sus moléculas efectoras pueden acelerar la progresión de las lesiones y orquestar los mecanismos de inflamación inducidos en los síndromes coronarios agudos. La evidencia crítica implica a mediadores de la inmunidad tanto innata como adquirida en los diferentes estados de la ateroesclerosis. Dentro de loscomponentes inmunes involucrados en el proceso de la ateroesclerosis se encuentran componentes celulares como macrófagos, linfocitos, células dendríticas, mastocitos, células NK; componentes humoralescomo anticuerpos, citocinas proinflamatorias y moduladoras de la respuesta inmune, complemento, proteínas de fase aguda; y otros componentes como moléculas de adhesión y de choque térmico. A partirdel esclarecimiento del papel del sistema inmune en el desarrollo de la arterioesclerosis, han surgido una serie de perspectivas diagnósticas y terapéuticas para la enfermedad cardiovascular.

How many low birthweight babies in low- and middle-income countries are preterm? Cuantos de los recién nacidos de bajo peso de países emergentes son pre-término? Quantos dos recém-nascidos de baixo peso de países emergentes são pré-termo?

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Fernando C Barros

2011-06-01

Full Text Available OBJECTIVE: To assess the prevalence of preterm birth among low birthweight babies in low and middle-income countries. METHODS: Major databases (PubMed, LILACS, Google Scholar were searched for studies on the prevalence of term and preterm LBW babies with field work carried out after 1990 in low- and middle-income countries. Regression methods were used to model this proportion according to LBW prevalence levels. RESULTS: According to 47 studies from 27 low- and middle-income countries, approximately half of all LBW babies are preterm rather than one in three as assumed in studies previous to the 1990s. CONCLUSIONS: The estimate of a substantially higher number of LBW preterm babies has important policy implications in view of special health care needs of these infants. As for earlier projections, our findings are limited by the relative lack of population-based studies.OBJETIVO: Estimar la prevalencia de recién nacidos pre-término entre los recién nacidos de bajo peso al nacer de países de renta media o baja. MÉTODOS: En consulta a bases de datos (PubMed, LILACS, Google Scholar fueron procurados estudios sobre la prevalencia de recién nacidos a término y pre-término entre aquellos de bajo peso al nacer conducidos posteriores a 1990 en países emergentes. Modelos de regresión fueron usados para evaluar la proporción de acuerdo con las prevalencias de bajo peso. RESULTADOS: Con base en 47 estudios de 27 países emergentes, aproximadamente la mitad de todos los recién nacidos con bajo peso serían prematuros, y no uno de cada tres, como se estimó en estudios anteriores a la década de 1990. CONCLUSIONES: La estimación de números sustancialmente más altos de prematuros con bajo peso tiene importantes consecuencias en la planificación de salud, ya que tales recién nacidos demandan cuidados especiales. Aún, los resultados son limitados por la falta de estudios poblacionales.OBJETIVO: Estimar a prevalência de recém-nascidos pr

Being stressed outside the park—conservation of African elephants (Loxodonta africana) in Namibia

Science.gov (United States)

Ringstad, Iris H; Jackson, Craig R; May, Roel; Fossøy, Frode; Uiseb, Kenneth; Killian, Werner; Palme, Rupert; Røskaft, Eivin

2017-01-01

Abstract The conservation of the African savanna elephant (Loxodonta africana) is of prime importance for many African countries. Interactions between elephants and humans are known to induce stress and thereby have the potential to affect elephants’ fitness. In Namibia, anthropogenic disturbances are increasing due to increasing human population size and development, particularly near protected areas, such as national parks. In this study, we investigated elephant stress levels in relation to their land use, specifically their protection status, comparing elephants within Etosha National Park in Namibia with elephants residing outside the park. We noninvasively collected dung samples of 91 elephants and determined the concentration of faecal glucocorticoid metabolites (fGCM), an indicator of physiological stress. Elephants outside the park (N = 35) had significantly higher concentrations of fGCM than those inside ENP (N = 56), suggesting that, despite including community-based conservancies, unprotected areas are more stressful for elephants than protected areas, most likely due to increased interactions with humans. We also found that males had lower fGCM concentrations than females, but no significant effect of age, body size or group size was detected. Additionally, herd sizes were significantly smaller and calf recruitment was potentially lower in unprotected areas. These findings underpin the importance of protected areas such as ENP, while encouraging decision-makers to continue reducing and mitigating potential human-induced disturbances. PMID:29270294

El riesgo asegurable y los riesgos emergentes de las nuevas tecnologías

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Hilda Esperanza Zornosa Prieto

2009-12-01

Full Text Available Este documento analiza los retos que imponen al sector asegurador tradicional los riesgos emergentes de la era tecnológica, con especial referencia a los daños causados al medio ambiente y los daños ecológicos en general, sobre los que no existe aún, por tratarse de conceptos relativamente nuevos, información estadística que permita la medición de su frecuencia y severidad y, en consecuencia, la determinación del monto de una prima ajustada al riesgo; lo cual se constituye, de hecho, en el factor diferencial entre el concepto general de riesgo asegurable y el concepto que sobre éste se tiene en el seguro de contaminación, pues si bien estos conceptos no difieren en general, es innegable que el último versa sobre un riesgo extraordinario o catastrófico, que conduce a aquella imposibilidad de aplicar técnicas actuariales y mediciones estadísticas; todo lo cual lleva a sostener que el seguro y la responsabilidad civil no pueden, por sí solos, solucionar los problemas que plantean los riesgos de la era tecnológica, lo que hace necesaria la intervención activa del Estado.

Infraclases rurales: procesos emergentes de exclusión social en España

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

SIMÓN PEDRO IZCARA PALACIOS

2002-01-01

Full Text Available Desde comienzos de los ochenta el discurso sociológico sobre la pobreza ha sufrido un proceso de desruralización, quedando dominado por el concepto de "infraclase". Éste se ha constituido en el término explicativo de un tipo particular de pobreza enraizada en un problema dual de marginalidad económica y aislamiento social en áreas urbanas espacialmente concentradas. En las áreas rurales, este tipo de dislocaciones sociales han permanecido veladas, haciendo que la noción de pobreza rural haya quedado relegada a un segundo plano. Sin embargo, los trazos más destacados de los "infraclase" (desempleo de larga duración, trabajo no cualificado en empleos erráticos, asilamiento social y dependencia de prestaciones sociales son especialmente relevantes para el análisis de los procesos de exclusión social en el medio rural español. Este artículo examina la emergencia de un colectivo "infraclase" en la España rural. Los nuevos procesos emergentes de exclusión social en el medio rural español estarían relacionados con el desempleo agrario en la España meridional y el uso de mano de obra inmigrante ilegal en la agricultura del litoral mediterráneo.

História e Cultura Afro-Brasileira e Africana na Educação Básica da Paraíba

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Waldeci Ferreira Chagas

2017-01-01

Full Text Available Neste artigo discute-se sobre o ensino de história e cultura afro-brasileira e africana em escolas públicas da Paraíba. Nele analisam-se as experiências desenvolvidas por trinta docentes que atuam na educação básica e em escolas públicas municipais localizadas em cidades de três mesorregiões da Paraíba: litoral, agreste e brejo. Para a realização da análise, recorreu-se aos projetos desenvolvidos e executados pelos docentes, através dos quais foi discutido o conteúdo, a metodologia, os recursos didáticos e a relação entre a execução desses projetos e a efetivação da educação para as relações étnico-raciais.

Regime cambial para países emergentes: uma proposição a partir de Keynes Exchange rate regime for emergent countries: a Keynesian proposal

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Fernando Ferrari Filho

2008-04-01

Full Text Available O objetivo do presente artigo consiste em apresentar, tendo como referência a análise de Keynes, uma proposição de regime cambial para países emergentes que seja capaz de assegurar condições para a estabilização macroeconômica, entendida como o binômio estabilidade de preços e pleno-emprego.The article presents, in a Keynesian perspective, a proposal of exchange rate regime for emerging countries to assure macroeconomic stabilization, that is, price stability and full employment.

Pedagogias do corpo na educação da dança de matriz africana em Salvador, BA, Brasil: perspectivas e tensões do projeto emancipatório

OpenAIRE

Echeverry Zambrano, Claudia Del Pilar

2013-01-01

212 f. Esta tese, resultado de uma pesquisa de caráter etnográfico e bibliográfico, analisa as pedagogias usadas na educação do corpo, dentro da proposta das danças de matriz africana, que são praticadas em ambientes escolares em Salvador, Bahia, Brasil. O estudo faz uma ênfase na descrição das perspectivas e desafios que esta educação enfrenta na atualidade como projeto corporal emancipador e reestruturador das representações sobre o corpo negro, historicamente configuradas no marco moder...

Maturidade psicológica e independência financeira: um estudo com adultos emergentes universitários || Psychological maturity and financial independence: A study with college emerging adults

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Claudia Andrade

2016-05-01

Full Text Available Nas últimas décadas assistiu-se a um conjunto de alterações sociais que exercem influência sobre os modos como a transição para a idade adulta é efetuada, bem como a importância que é dada aos critérios para que se seja considerado adulto. O presente estudo explora os critérios associados à representação de adulto, junto de uma amostra de adultos emergentes a frequentar o ensino superior. O estudo de natureza qualitativa foi efetuado com recurso à técnica dos grupos focais. Os resultados permitiram destacar a importância de dois critérios, um dos critérios de natureza psicológica (maturidade psicológica e um de caráter instrumental (independência financeira como sendo os marcadores que aparecem associados à representação do estatuto social de adulto. Outros critérios como competências familiares, transições normativas, adesão às normas e parâmetros biológicas, legais e a acontecimentos sociais, como casar, por exemplo, são, de uma forma geral, percecionados como pouco relevantes na definição da idade adulta. Os resultados são discutidos e analisados no quadro da adultez emergente em estudantes do ensino superior.

Psicologia do esporte: uma área emergente da psicologia Psicología del deporte: un area emergente de la psicología Sport psychology: an emergent field in psychology

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Lenamar Fiorese Vieira

2010-06-01

Full Text Available O artigo trata da Psicologia do Esporte, um campo de atuação emergente do psicólogo no Brasil. Faz uma análise sobre o percurso histórico da Psicologia Esportiva apresentando os campos de atuação profissional (pesquisa, ensino e intervenção, o papel do psicólogo esportivo (pesquisador, professor e consultor e o estado científico atual dessa especialidade psicológica. Mesmo com o vasto campo de trabalho, um elemento interveniente é a diversidade de conhecimentos necessários para esta subdivisão da Psicologia, fazendo com que a formação profissional seja insuficiente e a atuação profissional dividida em duas especialidades, a Psicologia Clínica e a Psicologia Educacional aplicada ao esporte. Finalizando, destaca-se a emergência da compreensão destes aspectos, fornecendo subsídios para o entendimento da importância da qualificação de profissionais da área da Psicologia para o contexto do esporte e do exercício físico.El artículo presenta el área de la psicología del deporte como un campo de actuación emergente del psicólogo en Brasil. Hace un análisis del recorrido histórico de la Psicología Deportiva presentando las áreas de actuación profesional (pesquisa, enseñanza e intervención, el papel del psicólogo deportivo (investigador, profesor y consultor y el estado científico actual del área. Mismo con el vasto campo de trabajo, un elemento interventor es la diversidad de conocimientos necesarios para esta subdivisión de la psicología, haciendo con que la formación profesional sea insuficiente y la actuación profesional sea dividida en dos especialidades, la Psicología Clínica y la Psicología Educacional aplicada al deporte. Finalizando, se destaca la emergencia de la comprensión de estos aspectos, proporcionando subsidios para o entendimiento de la importancia de la calificación del profesional del área de la Psicología para el contexto del deporte y del ejercicio.This manuscript presents the

Hilos descoloniales. Trans-localizando los espacios de la diáspora africana

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Agustín Lao-Montes

2007-01-01

Full Text Available Este artículo desarrolla un argumento teórico y metodológico sobre cómo analizar y transformar la modernidad capitalista a partir de una conceptualización de la diáspora africana como categoría geo-histórica clave que significa, por un lado un proceso de larga duración dentro del cual se constituyen sujetos históricos, expresiones culturales, corrientes intelectuales y movimientos sociales; por otro lado una condición moderna/colonial tanto de opresión (en todas sus dimensiones: culturales, socio-económicas, políticas, epistémicas y existenciales como de agencia histórica y auto-desarrollo de los sujetos de la Africanía moderna; y tercero como un proyecto descolonizador de liberación que se afirma y articula en el accionar de los sujetos, pueblos y movimientos afrodiaspóricos. Eel artículo esboza una genealogía de las diásporas afroamericanas tanto en su pluralidad como en sus vínculos, enfocándose en las diásporas afro-latinas. Como uno de los hitos principales de la perspectiva afrodiaspórica descolonizadora que se elabora en el trabajo, se establece un diálogo político epistémico entre el «feminismo de las mujeres de color» con la teoría y la crítica de la modernidad a partir del concepto de colonialidad del poder

Specialised use of working memory by Portia africana, a spider-eating salticid.

Science.gov (United States)

Cross, Fiona R; Jackson, Robert R

2014-03-01

Using expectancy-violation methods, we investigated the role of working memory in the predatory strategy of Portia africana, a salticid spider from Kenya that preys by preference on other spiders. One of this predator's tactics is to launch opportunistic leaping attacks on to other spiders in their webs. Focussing on this particular tactic, our experiments began with a test spider on a ramp facing a lure (dead prey spider mounted on a cork disc) that could be reached by leaping. After the test spider faced the lure for 30 s, we blocked the test spider's view of the lure by lowering an opaque shutter before the spider leapt. When the shutter was raised 90 s later, either the same lure came into view again (control) or a different lure came into view (experimental: different prey type in same orientation or same prey type in different orientation). We recorded attack frequency (number of test spiders that leapt at the lure) and attack latency (time elapsing between shutter being raised and spiders initiating a leap). Attack latencies in control trials were not significantly different from attack latencies in experimental trials, regardless of whether it was prey type or prey orientation that changed in the experimental trials. However, compared with test spiders in the no-change control trials, significantly fewer test spiders leapt when prey type changed. There was no significant effect on attack frequency when prey orientation changed. These findings suggest that this predator represents prey type independently of prey orientation.

Modelos de negocio emergentes en la industria del videojuego

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Milena Trenta

2013-10-01

Full Text Available Sylvia Zavala-Trias 12.00 La industria del videojuego está viviendo un proceso de transformación en su manera de crear valor, debido al éxito de los juegos casuales y a la consolidación de nuevas plataformas de juego, cuales las redes sociales, los teléfonos inteligentes, las tabletas y los sitios de juego on line. A consecuencia de estos fenómenos, surgen nuevos modelos de negocio. Posteriormente al estudio del volumen de ingresos generados por los videojuegos distribuidos por canales digitales y de los hábitos de consumo de los usuarios, este trabajo aporta una descripción de los modelos de negocio emergentes en la industria del videojuego. Finalmente, se observa que, frente a la actual situación, las principales compañías del sector diversifican su negocio y las pequeñas empresas aprovechan la multiplicación de los canales de distribución. Mientras que, los usuarios se inclinan por los videojuegos comercializados mediante modelos de negocio que permiten personalizar el consumo y establecer relaciones sociales. Normal 0 21 false false false ES X-NONE X-NONE /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Tabla normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin-top:0cm; mso-para-margin-right:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt; mso-para-margin-left:0cm; line-height:115%; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-language:EN-US;}

How Bees Deter Elephants: Beehive Trials with Forest Elephants (Loxodonta africana cyclotis in Gabon.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Steeve Ngama

Full Text Available In Gabon, like elsewhere in Africa, crops are often sources of conflict between humans and wildlife. Wildlife damage to crops can drastically reduce income, amplifying poverty and creating a negative perception of wild animal conservation among rural people. In this context, crop-raiding animals like elephants quickly become "problem animals". To deter elephants from raiding crops beehives have been successfully employed in East Africa; however, this method has not yet been tested in Central Africa. We experimentally examined whether the presence of Apis mellifera adansonii, the African honey bee species present in Central Africa, deters forest elephants (Loxodonta Africana cyclotis from feeding on fruit trees. We show for the first time that the effectiveness of beehives as deterrents of elephants is related to bee activity. Empty hives and those housing colonies of low bee activity do not deter elephants all the time; but beehives with high bee activity do. Although elephant disturbance of hives does not impede honey production, there is a tradeoff between deterrence and the quantity of honey produced. To best achieve the dual goals of deterring elephants and producing honey colonies must maintain an optimum activity level of 40 to 60 bee movements per minute. Thus, beehives colonized by Apis mellifera adansonii bees can be effective elephant deterrents, but people must actively manage hives to maintain bee colonies at the optimum activity level.

O Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo Emergente de Médicos em Relação a Cuidados Paliativos/ The Collective Subject Discourse Emerging Physicians Regarding palliative Care

OpenAIRE

Katrine de Freitas Valeriano; Thais de Paiva Guimarães Barreiro; José Vitor da Silva; Jorge Leonardo Narcy; Maria Tereza de Jesus Pereira

2013-01-01

Objetivos: conhecer os significados e os sentimentos emergentes dos médicos em relação aos cuidados paliativos, bem como identificar a atuação desses profissionais frente aos pacientes com necessidades de cuidados paliativos numa instituição hospitalar da cidade de Pouso Alegre-MG. Materiais e métodos: o presente trabalho foi de abordagem qualitativa, do tipo exploratório e transversal. A amostra foi de 25 médicos atuantes no Hospital Universitário Samuel Libânio, Pouso Alegre, MG. A amostra...

Nuevas estrategias analíticas enfocadas a estudios de determinación y distribución de contaminantes emergentes azólicos en el medio ambiente

OpenAIRE

Casado Agrelo, Jorge

2016-01-01

En esta Tesis Doctoral se describe el desarrollo y la aplicación de nuevas estrategias de análisis útiles para la determinación de contaminantes emergentes azólicos en muestras medioambientales. Concretamente, las familias estudiadas son los benzotriazoles inhibidores de procesos de corrosión, los estabilizadores UV benzotriazólicos (Tinuvin), y los fármacos antimicóticos. Los métodos de análisis desarrollados consisten en una primera etapa de preparación de muestra mediante SPE, SPME o DLLME...

Analysis of essential oils from Voacanga africana seeds at different hydrodistillation extraction stages: chemical composition, antioxidant activity and antimicrobial activity.

Science.gov (United States)

Liu, Xiong; Yang, Dongliang; Liu, Jiajia; Ren, Na

2015-01-01

In this study, essential oils from Voacanga africana seeds at different extraction stages were investigated. In the chemical composition analysis, 27 compounds representing 86.69-95.03% of the total essential oils were identified and quantified. The main constituents in essential oils were terpenoids, alcohols and fatty acids accounting for 15.03-24.36%, 21.57-34.43% and 33.06-57.37%, respectively. Moreover, the analysis also revealed that essential oils from different extraction stages possessed different chemical compositions. In the antioxidant evaluation, all analysed oils showed similar antioxidant behaviours, and the concentrations of essential oils providing 50% inhibition of DPPH-scavenging activity (IC50) were about 25 mg/mL. In the antimicrobial experiments, essential oils from different extraction stages exhibited different antimicrobial activities. The antimicrobial activity of oils was affected by extraction stages. By controlling extraction stages, it is promising to obtain essential oils with desired antimicrobial activities.

Toxicological parameters of albino rats fed with extruded snacks from Aerial yam (Dioscoria bulbifera) and African breadfruit seed (Treculia africana).

Science.gov (United States)

Olatoye, Kazeem K; Arueya, Gibson L

2018-01-01

In this study, safety of novel food from aerial yam and Treculia africana , underutilized food materials with high-nutritive value and health benefits were investigated. Animal experiment involving the use of thirty (30) male albino rats was conducted for 28 days.Thereafter, rats in all groups were sacrificed and blood samples collected for biochemical analysis and hematological assay. Some vital organs were harvested and used for histological analysis. Biochemical and hematological parameters were not significantly p  ≤ .05 different among the treatment and controls. However there was an increase in monocytes, which is a reflection of immune boosting potential of the novel snack. No significant pathological changes were observed in liver and kidney of rats fed with this snack. Rats showed no signs of toxicity within the study period. These findings suggest that product may be safe and useful as an Immune adjuvant.

Molecular characterization of adipose tissue in the African elephant (Loxodonta africana.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Emeli M Nilsson

Full Text Available Adipose tissue (AT is a dynamic and flexible organ with regulatory roles in physiological functions including metabolism, reproduction and inflammation; secreted adipokines, including leptin, and fatty acids facilitate many of these roles. The African elephant (Loxodonta africana is experiencing serious challenges to optimal reproduction in captivity. The physiological and molecular basis of this impaired fertility remains unknown. AT production of leptin is a crucial molecular link between nutritional status, adiposity and fertility in many species. We propose that leptin has a similar function in the African elephant. African elephant visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue (AT was obtained from both sexes and a range of ages including females with known pregnancy status. RNA was extracted and histological sections created and analyzed by microarray, PCR and immunohistochemistry respectively. Gas-chromatography was used to determine the fatty acid composition of AT. Microarray expression profiling was used to compare gene expression profiles of AT from pre-pubertal versus reproductively competent adult African elephants. This study demonstrates, for the first time, leptin mRNA and protein expression in African elephant AT. The derived protein sequence of the elephant leptin protein was exploited to determine its relationship within the class I helical cytokine superfamily, which indicates that elephant leptin is most closely related to the leptin orthologs of Oryctolagus cuniculus (European rabbit, Lepus oiostolus (woolly hare, and members of the Ochotonidae (Pika. Immunohistological analysis identified considerable leptin staining within the cytoplasm of adipocytes. Significant differences in fatty acid profiles between pregnant and non-pregnant animals were revealed, most notably a reduction in both linoleic and α linoleic acid in pregnant animals. This report forms the basis for future studies to address the effect of nutrient composition

Representações da História e cultura Afro-Brasileira e Africana nos documentos escolares de uma escola de Ensino Fundamental do Paraná

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Sandra Aparecida Batista

2017-05-01

Full Text Available Diante da grande diversidade étnico-racial e dos conflitos e tensões em torno das representações da História e Cultura Afro-Brasileira e africana, o objeto de estudo desta pesquisa são as representações que se refletem nos documentos escolares, Projeto Político Pedagógico (PPP, Proposta Pedagógica Curricular (PPC e Plano de Trabalho Docente (PTD que sistematizam a organização didática pedagógica de uma escola do Ensino Fundamental do estado do Paraná. Partimos de algumas indagações que são discutidas ao longo do texto, a saber: o que são representações, conteúdos da disciplina de História isentos ou repletos de representações, e por fim a análise dos documentos escolares e dos respectivos conteúdos da disciplina de História referente às Séries Finais do Ensino Fundamental, considerando que os mesmos são permeados de representações. O estudo aponta que as representações denominadas de hegemônicas, advindas da classe dominante branca com um discurso preconceituoso e estereotipado foram sendo substituídas por representações anti-hegemônicas, que versam sobre o reconhecimento e valorização da História e Cultura Afro-Brasileira e Africana, tendo a Lei 10 639/03 um papel importante neste sentido. Por sua vez, alerta que não se trata de uma perspectiva homogeneizadora e uniformizadora, ou de transição curricular do protagonismo branco e europeu para o negro e africano, mas de uma visão plural, dinâmica e contextualizada da temática.

Incursión de tecnologías emergentes en una escuela pública de negocios de México

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

María Magdalena Madrigal Lozano

2017-01-01

Full Text Available En el presente artículo se describen los resultados obtenidos de un estudio exploratorio, descriptivo de alcance transeccional realizado para conocer la realidad del uso, producción e investigación de las tecnologías emergentes MOOC, Gamificación y Realidad Aumentada en los procesos educativos de los programas relacionados con la profesión de negocios. En particular se aplicó un instrumento de medición a los docentes de los programas académicos de la modalidad mixta en la escuela de negocios de una Universidad Pública del Noreste de México. Se presenta este estudio como un área de oportunidad para reportar hallazgos en el ámbito de escuelas de negocios que incorporan estas tecnologías con fines didácticos y a su vez permite a los autores el poder crear propuestas de trabajo sobre estas en la facultad en cuestión.

Saúde e ambiente: as doenças emergentes no Brasil Health and environment: emergent diseases in Brazil

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Marta G. Pignatti

2004-06-01

Full Text Available Este artigo faz uma revisão das principais abordagens teóricas da área da Saúde em relação ao estudo das doenças resultantes das mudanças ambientais e a ocorrência de doenças emergentes no Brasil. Apresenta, de forma geral, a dinâmica de transmissão de doenças como a dengue, as leishmanioses, a febre maculosa, a cólera, a malária. Aponta para a necessidade de estudos interdisciplinares e estratégias políticas integradas.This article is a critical review on the main Health theories concerned with diseases resulting from environmental changes and the occurrence of some infectious diseases in Brazil. It addresses the relationship between urbanization, human migration, life quality, institutional intervention policy and the emergence of dengue, cholera, malaria, spot fever, and leishmaniasis. In conclusion, it points out the necessity of carrying out interdisciplinary studies and integrated political strategies.

Eliminación de contaminantes emergentes presentes en aguas por aplicación de proceso foto-Fenton. Estudio de acoplamiento por depuración biológica

OpenAIRE

LORENTE ROSA, LUCÍA

2018-01-01

[ES] La escasez del agua de calidad es un problema a nivel mundial que va aumentando a causa de la contaminación que experimenta. Por ello, la depuración y la reutilización de las aguas contaminadas son cada vez más necesarias. La emisión de los denominados contaminantes emergentes (CEs), presenta una gran importancia y son muchas las organizaciones que intentan aportar soluciones al problema. Los CEs son microcontaminantes generalmente de tipo orgánico, que en su mayor parte no ...

Plantas de la Diáspora Africana en la botánica americana de la fase Colonial

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Judith Carney

2003-12-01

botany.//Las plantaciones revolucionarias y los intercambios ecológicos que acompañaron la expansión marítima europea después de 1492 son muy apreciados en la actualidad. De igual manera lo son los significados de las nuevas plantas dentro de la sociedad europea en tanto que modificaron preferencias culinarias, la economía y el comercio incluso más allá de las fronteras del viejo continente. El papel del maíz amerindio y de la mandioca en África occidental ha recibido una amplia atención así como el arroz asiático dentro de la región. Pero la literatura sobre el intercambio de alimentos sigue siendo muy escasa en cuanto a la difusión de plantas africanas y a las vías mediante las que dicha dispersión fue posible. Para estudiar este problema es necesario atender al comercio de esclavos y a la forma en la que éstos pudieron establecer preferencias alimentarias en las Américas. Este ensayo examina las plantas de origen africano que se convirtieron en productos esenciales dentro de las economías en la era de las plantaciones esclavistas. Tres centros de domesticación agrícola en el África Subsahariana contribuyeron a la diversidad de recursos que ayudaron a la subsistencia de millones y que fueron llevadas más allá del Atlántico debido al comercio de esclavos. La plantación de dichos productos se llevó a cabo en las Américas gracias a los “jardines botánicos” de los desposeídos: los campos de subsistencia de las plantaciones, jardines, patios y en parcelas agrícolas de las comunidades mulatas. Al llamar la atención sobre la Diáspora africana de plantas se abre la posibilidad de comprender los sistemas de conocimiento africanos. La expresión de dichos sistemas se refleja en las relaciones de poder prevalecientes, en las preferencias de alimentos, la identidad cultural, y las luchas por el proceso de trabajo.Al mostrar las plantas africanas establecidas en América, este trabajo busca corregir las distorsiones en las narrativas del

Aplicación de tratamientos físicos y de oxidación química a la eliminación de contaminantes emergentes en diferentes matrices acuosas

OpenAIRE

Casas Méndez, Francisco

2017-01-01

Los contaminantes emergentes constituyen un amplio grupo de sustancias que son detectadas en concentraciones cada vez mayores en diferentes sistemas acuáticos empleados para la potabilización de agua. Varios estudios han demostrado que estos contaminantes no son eliminados eficientemente en la depuración de aguas residuales urbanas y en consecuencia son vertidos a los cauces públicos. Dado que estas substancias resultan ser tóxicas y dañinas para los seres vivos, es necesario proceder a su el...

Espectrometría de masas de alta resolución y en tándem. Análisis de alto rendimiento de contaminantes orgánicos emergentes en agua

OpenAIRE

Flores Rubio, Cintia

2016-01-01

[spa] En los últimos años, los contaminantes emergentes (ECs) están recibiendo una creciente atención debido a los efectos nocivos que suponen para los organismos vivos y al riesgo ambiental que representan. Existen una gran cantidad de productos considerados como ECs presentes en el medio ambiente acuático. En la presente tesis se han estudiado dos de estas familias, los ácidos perfluoroalquilados (PFAAs), compuestos antropogénicos, y las microcistinas (MCs), toxinas de origen natural. Los ...

Fabricación de adoquines para uso en vías peatonales, usando cuesco de palma africana

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jorge Elías Buzón Ojeda

2010-01-01

Full Text Available Con el fin de mejorar la calidad de vida en sectores vulnerables de la sociedad, las investigaciones actuales han centrado sus esfuerzos en desarrollar no solo técnicas y procesos novedosos de construcción, sino que han reorientado sus esfuerzos en crear materiales de construcción no convencionales, que ayuden a rebajar costos y propicien el de la industria de la construcción. Actualmente las plantas productoras de aceite que usan la palma africana como materia prima enfrentan un grave problema, al no saber qué hacer con el desecho final del proceso de producción del aceite. Este desecho posee características mecánicas interesantes: una alta dureza, alta resistencia al desgaste y bajo peso o poca densidad. Estas características la han sabido aprovechar los cultivadores e industriales, pues en lugar de llevar este excedente a botaderos, lo arrojan sobre las vías internas de las plantaciones como material base o capa de rodadura, mejorando así la movilidad de las mismas. Este artículo presenta los satisfactorios resultados parciales de la investigación, que nos motivan a continuar trabajando en este tema.

Pequeños productores, reestructuración y expansión de la palma africana en Chiapas

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Héctor B. Fletes Ocón

2013-01-01

Full Text Available En el contexto del dinamismo y contradicciones del sector agroalimentario, en la actualidad los pequeños productores son impulsados a emprender una reestructuración de sus prácticas productivas, a través de la plantación de cultivos orientados a biocombustibles, como el de la palma africana. En este artículo se analizan los procesos de reestructuración productiva, promovida por corpora-ciones de distinto origen y por el Estado, y las acciones realizadas por pequeños productores en un municipio con alta marginación, localizado en una región agroexportadora de Chiapas. Se revisan las contradicciones sociales y ambientales de este cambio y sus implicaciones a futuro, en términos del desarrollo agrícola y alimentario nacional. La expansión de este cultivo acentúa las desigualdades sociales, degrada los recursos naturales, utiliza mucha energía fósil, impulsa la concentración de la tierra, debilita los sistemas locales de provisión de alimentos y reduce los márgenes del valor generado en la cadena agroalimentaria para los pequeños productores.

Propuesta metodológica para la gestión formativa socio-cultural profesional en las universidades africanas

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

MsC. Moussa Moustapha

2015-10-01

Full Text Available En la actualidad, para un desarrollo económico, social, cultural, político y profesional sustentable en los países subdesarrollados, es imprescindible que sus instituciones de la educación superior, como entidades sociales, tengan sus propios modelos pedagógicos y metodológicos, conforme a las realidades de sus contextos. Ello le permite no solamente jugar su rol social, involucrándose más en el desarrollo y transformación de su contexto, sino encausar una formación de profesionales que trascienden su tiempo, comprometidos, auténticos, flexibles, competitivos y orgullosos de sus tradiciones y costumbres.En el presente trabajo, proponemos una metodología de gestión formativa socio-cultural profesional para las universidades africanas, cuyo objetivo es contextualizar los procesos universitarios africanos. Ella es premisa de una valoración científica de los realidades socio-culturales contextuales, que desde sus raíces humanistas, ancestrales, milenarias y sus riquezas como potencialidades socio-culturales asienten el desarrollo de una identidad y autenticidad formativa profesional y un desarrollo cultural universitaria para el empoderamiento del proceso.

Paz y seguridad humana en África: una visión desde la Unión Africana

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jerónimo Delgado

2009-11-01

Full Text Available En este artículo se analizan las diferentes iniciativas que ha tenido el continente africano en materia de solución de conflictos y consolidación de la paz desde la perspectiva de la seguridad humana. En la primera parte, se identifican los componentes de la seguridad humana y los factores de inseguridad a los que se exponen los individuos en África, para luego examinar los avances del marco legal de la Unión Africana en la prevención de conflictos con énfasis en la seguridad de los individuos.La segunda parte contiene un estudio de las medidas enmarcadas dentro de la seguridad humana con las que cuentan los estados africanos y la comunidad internacional para la adecuada protección de los individuos, mientras se da un acercamiento entre las partes del conflicto para alcanzar el fin de las hostilidades. Finalmente, se afirma que África reconoce que la seguridad de sus ciudadanos es viable si se entienda que ésta es una responsabilidad compartida por todo el continente, en donde el individuo juega un papel central.

Renaut bodies in nerves of the trunk of the African elephant, Loxodonta africana.

Science.gov (United States)

Witter, Kirsti; Egger, Gunter F; Boeck, Peter

2007-05-01

Renaut bodies are loosely textured, cell-sparse structures in the subperineurial space of peripheral nerves, frequently found at sites of nerve entrapment. The trunk of the elephant is a mobile, richly innervated organ, which serves for food gathering, object grasping and as a tactile organ. These functions of the trunk lead to distortion and mechanical compression of its nerves, which can therefore be expected to contain numerous Renaut bodies. Samples of the trunk wall of an adult African elephant (Loxodonta africana) were examined histologically using conventional staining methods, immunohistochemistry, and lectin histochemistry. Architecture of nerve plexuses and occurrence of Renaut bodies in the elephant trunk were compared with those in tissues surrounding the nasal vestibule of the pig. Prominent nerve plexuses were found in all layers of the elephant trunk. Almost all (81%) nerve profiles contained Renaut bodies, a basophilic, discrete subperineurial layer resembling cushions around the nerve core. In contrast, Renaut bodies were seen in only 15% of nerve profiles in the porcine nasal vestibule. Within Renaut bodies, fusiform fibroblasts and round, ruff-like cells were placed into a matrix of acidic glycosaminoglycans with delicate collagen and very few reticular fibers. The turgor of this matrix is thought to protect nerves against compression and shearing strain. Renaut bodies are readily stained with alcian blue (pH 2.5) favorably in combination with immunohistochemical markers of nerve fibers. They should be regarded as a physiological response to repeated mechanical insults and are distinct from pathological alterations. alterations. (c) 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

Evaluación de Varios Insecticidas para el Control del Cephaloleiaspcerca avagelineataPic, Plaga de la Palma Africana

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Urueta Sandino Eduardo

1974-04-01

Full Text Available Resumen. Se efectuaron varios ensayos para determinar el efecto de carbofuran 1.0, 1.5 y 2. 0 kg I. A./ha; carbaril 1.5 y 2. 0 kg I. A. /ha; lindano 1.0 y 1.5 kg I. A. /ha; diazinon 0.5 lt I. A./ha; dicrotofos 0. 5 lt I. A. /ha; fosfamidon 0.6 lt. I. A/ha; y fention 0.5 lt I. A./ha, sobre adultos y larvas de Cephaloleiasp. cerca avagelineataPic., una plaga de la palma africana en Colombia. Todos los insecticidas fueron efectivos para controlar larvas de Cephaloleiasp. en cogollos, hasta por periodos de más de 30 días. El carbofuran 2.0 kg I. A./ha carbaril 2.0 kg l . A./ha y lindano 1. 5 kg I.A. /hafueron los productos más eficientes para controlar adultos de Cephaloleia. sp. protegiendo por 15 días las hojas más jóvenes. Dicrotofos 0.5 lt I. A./ha; diazinon0.5 lt l. A./ha; fention 0.5 itI. A./ha y fosfamidon 0.6 lt I. A/ha, aparentemente no fueron efectivos para controlar las formas adultas de Cephaloleiasp. Ninguno de los insecticidas fue fitotóxico para la palma africana. /Abstract. Several tests were carried out to determine the effectiveness of carbofuran 1. 0, 1.5 and 2.0 kg A.I./ha; carbaryl 1.5, 2.0 kg. A.I./ha; lindane 1.0, 1.5 kg. A.I./ha; phosphamidon 0.6 lt. A.I./ha; fenthion 0.5 lt. A.I./ha; dicrotophos 0.5 lt. A.I /ha; diazinon 0.5 lt. A.I./ha on larvae and adults of Cephaloleia. sp. near vagelineata Pic a Chrysomelidae that affects young oil palm (Elaeisguineensis leaves in Colombia. All of these insecticides controlled well Cepbaloleia sp. larvae for periods over a month. carbofuran 2 kg. A.I./ha; carbaryl 2kg. A.I./ha and lindane 1.5 kg. A. I./ha gave the best control of Cephaloleia. sp. adults, protecting young oil palm leaves up to 15 days. Dicrotophos 0.5 lts. A.I./ha; fenthion 0.5 lt. A. I./ha; phosphamidon 0.6 lt. A.I./ha; diazinon 0.5 lt. A.I./ha; apparently were not effective to control adults of Cephaloleia sp. None of the insecticides tested showed to be phytotoxic to the oil palm.

Metodología para implantar el Modelo Integrado de Capacidad de Madurez en grupos pequeños y emergentes

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Hugo Arboleda

2013-04-01

Full Text Available En este artículo se presenta QualDev-Software Process Improvement (SPI, una metodología para ayudar a la gerencia de empresas o departamentos de software pequeños y emergentes a implantar el Capability Maturity Model Integration (CMMI. El objetivo de esta metodología es aumentar la competitividad de estos grupos para que ofrezcan mayor calidad en sus productos y tengan mejores indicadores de productividad. QualDev-SPI se basa en 3 principios: a pequeños pasos para el mejoramiento alineados con los proyectos de desarrollo; b procesos livianos apoyados en herramientas, y c visibilidad a corto plazo de los beneficios. La metodología incluye un modelo de mejoramiento organizacional, una matriz de grados de logro de las prácticas y un mapa de ruta que contiene una definición estandarizada de procesos y de las herramientas de apoyo que facilitan su puesta en marcha.

Metodología para implantar el Modelo Integrado de Capacidad de Madurez en grupos pequeños y emergentes

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Hugo Arboleda

2013-01-01

Full Text Available En este artículo se presenta QualDev- Software Process Improvement (SPI, una metodología para ayudar a la gerencia de empresas o departamentos de software peque ̃ nos y emergentes a implantar el Capability Maturity Model Integration (CMMI. El objetivo de esta metodología es aumentar la competitividad de estos grupos para que ofrezcan mayor calidad en sus productos y tengan mejores indicadores de produc- tividad. QualDev-SPI se basa en 3 principios: a peque ̃ nos pasos para el mejoramiento alineados con los proyectos de desarrollo; b procesos livianos apoyados en herramientas, y c visibilidad a corto plazo de los beneficios. La metodología incluye un modelo de mejoramiento organizacional, una matriz de grados de logro de las prácticas y un mapa de ruta que contiene una definición estandarizada de procesos y de las herramientas de apoyo que facilitan su puesta en marcha.

La cooperación brasileña y china en la agricultura africana. Un estudio de prácticas

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Frédéric Goulet

2013-09-01

Full Text Available En el presente artículo analizamos las prácticas de cooperación brasileñas y chinas enfocadas en el sector agrícola en África. Mientras una gran parte de la investigación sobre estos actores emergentes analiza su participación desde un punto de vista basado en las relaciones internacionales, aquí desarrollamos un análisis fundado en la práctica, lo que involucra la observación etnográfica de proyectos e instituciones de cooperación. Primero, mostramos que, aunque su retórica insiste en la ruptura con las prácticas de la cooperación postcolonial y sus “motivaciones económicas”, los programas nacionales de China y Brasil están estrechamente vinculados a intereses comerciales e industriales. Segundo, evidenciamos que, particularmentepara Brasil, la profesionalización de actividades de cooperación sigue siendo un reto para la cooperación Sur-Sur.

Matrices coloniales y diásporas africanas: Hacia una investigación de las culturas negra y mulata en la Nueva Granada

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Rafael Antonio Díaz Díaz

2003-12-01

estará definido por la teoría de la cultura colonial. Posteriormente, me concentraré en el campo de las etapas transatlánticas como una escena fluida para la Diáspora africana y trataré de recuperar la dimensión africana de ésta.

Complexity, adaptations and variations in the secondary insemination system of female Dermanyssina mites (Acari: Anactinothrichida: Gamasida): the case of Afrocypholaelaps africana.

Science.gov (United States)

Di Palma, A; Seeman, O D; Alberti, G

2017-07-01

Gamasine mites, mainly of the taxon Dermanyssina, possess a secondarily evolved insemination system (sperm access system), of which there are two, generally recognized, structurally different types, the laelapid- and the phytoseiid-type. The ultrastructure of the female sperm access system in Afrocypholaelaps africana is described. It consists of paired insemination pores, opening between the bases of legs three and four, and paired cuticle-lined tubules that converge into a large, sack-like spermatheca, remarkably cuticle-lined as well. The entire spermatheca and part of the tubules are embedded in a peculiar syncytial tissue where numerous sperm cells are present. The general organization of this insemination system is of the laelapid-type. However, it presents striking structural differences, compared with the systems described in Varroa destructor and Hattena cometis, the other gamasine mites having a laelapid-type system studied ultrastructurally until now. The functional morphology, complexity and variations of the sperm access system in Dermanyssina are discussed and correlated with the evolutionary biology of the group.

Taxonomy Icon Data: African savanna elephant [Taxonomy Icon

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available African savanna elephant Loxodonta africana Chordata/Vertebrata/Mammalia/Theria/Eutheria/etc. Loxodonta_afri...cana_L.png Loxodonta_africana_NL.png Loxodonta_africana_S.png Loxodonta_africana_NS....png http://biosciencedbc.jp/taxonomy_icon/icon.cgi?i=Loxodonta+africana&t=L http://biosciencedbc.jp/taxonom...y_icon/icon.cgi?i=Loxodonta+africana&t=NL http://biosciencedbc.jp/taxonomy_icon/icon.cgi?i=Loxodonta+afric...ana&t=S http://biosciencedbc.jp/taxonomy_icon/icon.cgi?i=Loxodonta+africana&t=NS ...

First report of changes in leukocyte morphology in response to inflammatory conditions in Asian and African elephants (Elephas maximus and Loxodonta africana.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Nicole I Stacy

Full Text Available Although the hematology of healthy elephants has been well-described, published information on hematological changes during disease is limited. The objective of this study was to describe qualitative morphological changes in the leukocytes of Asian and African elephants (Elephas maximus and Loxodonta africana diagnosed with a variety of inflammatory conditions. Twenty-five of 27 elephants had morphological changes in their leukocytes, although only 16 of these had a concurrent inflammatory leukogram. Morphological changes included heterophil left-shifting with or without concurrent dysgranulopoiesis, toxicity, or hypersegmentation, reactive lymphocytes, plasma cells, and/or vacuolated monocytes. Although the observed leukocyte morphological changes are non-specific, their early recognition upon blood film evaluation may provide important, clinically-relevant information, particularly if the leukogram is normal. This case series is the first description of qualitative morphological changes in the leukocytes of elephants in association with inflammation.

Transformações globais, potências emergentes e Cooperação Sul-Sul: desafios para a cooperação europeia

OpenAIRE

Pino, Bruno Ayllón

2012-01-01

A União Europeia (UE) e seus Estados Membros enfrentam o desafio de adaptar sua política de cooperação para o desenvolvimento a um mundo marcado por rápidas mudanças na criação e distribuição da riqueza e na difusão do poder. A ascensão dos países emergentes, o auge da Cooperação Sul-Sul (CSS), os avanços na luta contra a pobreza em Países de Renda Média (PRM), ou o impacto traumático da crise nos países da Organização para a Cooperação e o Desenvolvimento Econômico (OCDE), são fatores que or...

Autoras africanas: A favor de las mujeres=African authors: In favor of women

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Socorro Suárez Lafuente

2017-06-01

Full Text Available Resumen: La cultura occidental produce binomios de poder fuertemente inscritos en el lenguaje y el imaginario colectivo. Las subversiones aparecen primero en la zona dominante, como el feminismo, que se extiende, posteriormente, a otros feminismos, igualmente lógicos y reivindicativos, pero con menos capacidad de visibilización en un mundo globalizado. Las mujeres de grupos minorizados que han conseguido acceder a la educación han levantado sus voces y utilizado su potencial creativo a favor de las silenciadas de su cultura, a las que no alcanzaban el feminismo blanco occidental. Amma Darko, Bessie Head y Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie son algunos de los nombres que encabezan un movimiento africano feminista, que prioriza la libertad individual de las mujeres y les hace sentirse orgullosas de ser africanas.   Abstract Western culture produces binaries of power that are deeply inscribed both in language and in the collective imaginarium. Subversions tend to appear in the more affluent class, as is the case with feminism, which later extend to other feminisms, equally important and vindicatory, but with fewer opportunities to become visible within a globalized world. Many women from minoritized groups have had access to education, have been able to use their creative force and have become the voice of many silent women who were not included in the successive waves of Western feminisms. Amma Darko, Bessie Head and Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie are but a few names at the forefront of African feminism, a movement that fights for the individual rights of women and makes them feel proud of their Africanism.

PRÁCTICAS DE CUIDADO Y MODELOS EMERGENTES EN LAS RELACIONES DE GENERO. LA EXPERIENCIA DE ALGUNOS VARONES MEXICANOS

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Juan Guillermo Figueroa Perea

2012-01-01

Full Text Available El propósito de este artículo es reflexionar en torno a las prácticas de cuidado cuando éstas son realizadas por varones en el espacio familiar. En un primer momento se presentan algunos conceptos básicos sobre la manera en que estamos conceptualizando el cuidado, y sobre la forma en que éste organiza y da lugar a ciertas relaciones sociales en las que se concretan vínculos y antagonismos por género y clase. Posteriormente, presentamos la evidencia empírica de un grupo de varones que realizan actividades de cuidado al interior de sus familias, debido a reacomodos asociados a separación, viudez o bien a que la pareja hace el trabajo extradoméstico. Nos centramos en la categoría de modelos emergentes y consideramos las dimensiones de motivos, emergencia de nuevas relaciones sociales, cambios o permanencias en la división sexual del trabajo y percepciones de oposición, valoración y aceptación. Concluimos con propuestas para seguir investigando sobre el tema.

Housing and Social Environments of African (Loxodonta africana) and Asian (Elephas maximus) Elephants in North American Zoos.

Science.gov (United States)

Meehan, Cheryl L; Hogan, Jennifer N; Bonaparte-Saller, Mary K; Mench, Joy A

2016-01-01

We evaluated 255 African (Loxodonta africana) and Asian (Elephas maximus) elephants living in 68 North American zoos over one year to quantify housing and social variables. All parameters were quantified for the both the day and the night and comparisons were made across these time periods as well as by species and sex. To assess housing, we evaluated not only total exhibit size, but also individual animals' experiences based on the time they spent in the unique environments into which the exhibits were subdivided. Variables developed to assess housing included measurements of area as a function of time (Total Space Experience), environment type (Indoor, Outdoor, In/Out Choice) and time spent on hard and soft flooring. Over the year, Total Space Experience values ranged from 1,273 square feet to 169,692 square feet, with Day values significantly greater than Night values (pElephants spent an average of 55.1% of their time outdoors, 28.9% indoors, and 16% in areas with a choice between being in or out. Time spent on hard flooring substrate ranged from 0% to 66.7%, with Night values significantly greater than Day (pelephants having larger Total Space Experience than Asian and female elephants, respectively (P-valueelephant welfare outcomes.

Avaliação nutricional da grama-estrela cv. Africana para vacas leiteiras em condições de pastejo Nutritional analysis of stargrass cv. Africana for dairy cattle under rotational grazing

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Maurício Gomes Favoreto

2008-02-01

Full Text Available Objetivou-se avaliar nutricionalmente a grama-estrela (Cynodon nlemfuensis cv. Africana utilizada sob pastejo rotacionado por vacas leiteiras. Dez vacas mestiças foram manejadas em 2 ha de grama-estrela e divididas em 11 piquetes/ha. O período de pastejo foi de três dias e os 30 subseqüentes foram destinados à recuperação da pastagem. Durante o período experimental, os animais foram ordenhados duas vezes ao dia e receberam suplementação com 2 kg de concentrado. Amostras representativas do pasto ingeridas (extrusa foram colhidas para determinação de sua composição nutricional. O consumo de matéria seca (MS pelos animais foi estimado utilizando-se cromo e a MS indigestível como indicadores externo e interno. O desempenho individual das vacas foi avaliado pela produção de leite diária e pela pesagem dos animais. A dinâmica da matéria alimentar foi estimada com base nas técnicas in vitro gravimétricas, de produção cumulativa de gases da fermentação microbiana e da estimativa da cinética de passagem das fases sólida e líquida. A quantidade de energia líquida total (ELt, em MJ/dia, atendeu à demanda energética exigida pelos animais. Os valores de proteína metabolizável (PM preditos corresponderam ao suprimento de 91% da PM exigida por esses animais. As predições das exigências em macrominerais atenderam apenas 75% do Ca exigido, mas atenderam às exigências dos demais macrominerais. A grama-estrela atende à demanda energética nutricional de mantença e produção de 11,7 kg de leite por dia. Nas circunstâncias estudadas, é necessário suplementar nutrientes que complementem a PM e Ca não atendidos completamente. O teor e as características cinéticas da fibra não causam repleção ruminal e restrição sobre o consumo de vacas leiteiras em pastejo.An nutritional analysis of stargrass cv. Africana fed dairy cattle under rotational grazing was evaluated in this research. Ten Holstein-Zebu crossbred cows were

Relaciones diferenciales entre experiencias de alfabetización y habilidades de alfabetización emergente

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Liliana Salazar-Reyes

2013-08-01

Full Text Available El objetivo del estudio fue investigar si las experiencias de alfabetización que los padres brindan se relacionan diferencialmente con la alfabetización de los niños. A partir de una muestra intencional, se seleccionaron treinta y cuatro diadas madre-hijo al inicio de preescolar, procedentes de una escuela particular del Estado de México. Se presenta evidencia que considera en un mismo estudio el análisis de las experiencias explícitas e implícitas observadas en una sesión de interacción madre-hijo, haciendo uso de diferentes materiales, y otro tipo de experiencias de alfabetización reportadas por las madres. Ambos resultados se complementaron para comparar los puntajes obtenidos por los niños en las pruebas de alfabetización emergente. Se constataron diferencias significativas en la alfabetización debidas a la escolaridad del padre t(11 = 2,78, p = 0,019; el acercamiento a los libros t(12 = 3,90, p = 0,001, y la frecuencia de lectura de cuentos t(12 = 4,31, p = 0,002. A partir de los resultados se concluye que algunos niños tienen habilidades de alfabetización desde muy temprana edad como resultado de las experiencias que sus padres les proporcionan.

Elephant (Loxodonta africana home ranges in Sabi Sand Reserve and Kruger National Park: a five-year satellite tracking study.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Bindi Thomas

Full Text Available During a five-year GPS satellite tracking study in Sabi Sand Reserve (SSR and Kruger National Park (KNP we monitored the daily movements of an elephant cow (Loxodonta africana from September 2003 to August 2008. The study animal was confirmed to be part of a group of seven elephants therefore her position is representative of the matriarchal group. We found that the study animal did not use habitat randomly and confirmed strong seasonal fidelity to its summer and winter five-year home ranges. The cow's summer home range was in KNP in an area more than four times that of her SSR winter home range. She exhibited clear park habitation with up to three visits per year travelling via a well-defined northern or southern corridor. There was a positive correlation between the daily distance the elephant walked and minimum daily temperature and the elephant was significantly closer to rivers and artificial waterholes than would be expected if it were moving randomly in KNP and SSR. Transect lines established through the home ranges were surveyed to further understand the fine scale of the landscape and vegetation representative of the home ranges.

Elephant (Loxodonta africana) home ranges in Sabi Sand Reserve and Kruger National Park: a five-year satellite tracking study.

Science.gov (United States)

Thomas, Bindi; Holland, John D; Minot, Edward O

2008-01-01

During a five-year GPS satellite tracking study in Sabi Sand Reserve (SSR) and Kruger National Park (KNP) we monitored the daily movements of an elephant cow (Loxodonta africana) from September 2003 to August 2008. The study animal was confirmed to be part of a group of seven elephants therefore her position is representative of the matriarchal group. We found that the study animal did not use habitat randomly and confirmed strong seasonal fidelity to its summer and winter five-year home ranges. The cow's summer home range was in KNP in an area more than four times that of her SSR winter home range. She exhibited clear park habitation with up to three visits per year travelling via a well-defined northern or southern corridor. There was a positive correlation between the daily distance the elephant walked and minimum daily temperature and the elephant was significantly closer to rivers and artificial waterholes than would be expected if it were moving randomly in KNP and SSR. Transect lines established through the home ranges were surveyed to further understand the fine scale of the landscape and vegetation representative of the home ranges.

Prototecose: uma doença emergente Protothecosis: an emergent disease

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Expedito K.A. Camboim

2010-01-01

Full Text Available Prototecose, causada por Prototheca zopfii ou P. wickerhamii, é uma doença emergente em animais e humanos. Em bovinos, P. zopfii é uma importante causa de mastite ambiental. Em cães e gatos, a prototecose é causada principalmente por P. zopfii. Em cães, causa infecção cutânea ou uma forma sistêmica envolvendo diversos órgãos. Em gatos, predominam as lesões tegumentares na região da face e plano nasal. No homem, a prototecose, causada principalmente por P. wickerhamii, manifesta-se sob três formas: cutânea, articular com bursite do olécrano e sistêmica. Pode ocorrer em indivíduos imunocompetentes, os quais podem apresentar bursite e/ou infecções cutâneas localizadas, ou em indivíduos imunossuprimidos, nos quais a enfermidade pode ser disseminada e/ou com envolvimento visceral. A prototecose causada por P. wickerhamii foi descrita recentemente em caprinos como causa de rinite afetando o vestíbulo nasal, união mucocutânea, pele da face e orelha. Nesta revisão são abordadas as características microbiologias e susceptibilidade a antimicrobianos do agente, e a epidemiologia, sinais clínicos, patologia, diagnóstico, tratamento e controle da prototecose em animais domésticos e no homem.Protothecosis, caused by Prototheca zopfii or P. wickerhamii, is an emergent disease of human and animals. In cattle, P. zopfii is an important cause of environmental mastitis. In dogs and cats protothecosis is caused mainly by P. zopfii, causing cutaneous infections or a systemic form affecting many organs in dogs, and cutaneous infection affecting mainly the skin of the face and nose in cats. In humans, protothecosis, caused mainly by P. wickerhamii, occurs in three forms: cutaneous; olecran bursitis; and disseminated. The lesion is usually localized in the site of inoculation in immunocompetent individuals; however, in immunocompromised patients, it can become widespread. Protothecosis caused by P. wickerhamii was recently reported in

Tecnologías emergentes para la conservación de alimentos sin calor

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Fernández Molina, Juan José

2001-01-01

Full Text Available Not available

Se han investigado los principios básicos de tres tecnologías emergentes para pasteurizar y esterilizar alimentos sin empleo del calor Mediante numerosos estudios se ha comprobado la efectividad de los campos eléctricos pulsantes de alta intensidad (CEPAI, los pulsos de luz (PL y los campos magnéticos oscilantes (CMO en la destrucción de microorganismos y enzimas de sistemas alimentarios. En la inactivación microbiana por CEPA!, el blanco principal es la membrana celular que, al ser sometida a campos eléctricos de alta intensidad, se hace permeable formando huecos o poros cuyo tamaño se incrementa a medida que aumenta la intensidad del campo eléctrico o el tiempo de tratamiento o se reduce la resistencia iónica del medio de pulsación. Por otra parte, los PL inducen reacciones fotoquímicas y fototérmicas en los alimentos, causando la muerte de gran cantidad de microorganismos, especialmente en productos alimenticios envasados. Los CMO producen simulación o inhibición en el crecimiento y reproducción de los microorganismos, un simple pulso de intensidad de 5-10 teslas y frecuencias de 5-500 kHz es suficiente para reducir el número de microorganismos en un mínimo de 2 ciclos logarítmicos. Se ha comprobado que estas tecnologías alargan la vida de anaquel de diversos productos alimenticios y pueden ser consideradas como sustitutos parciales de los procesos convencionales de pasteurización y esterilización de alimentos por tratamientos térmicos.

USE OF COMPOSITE MATERIALS AS A COMPONENT OF TUSK FRACTURE MANAGEMENT IN AN ASIAN ELEPHANT (ELEPHAS MAXIMUS) AND AN AFRICAN ELEPHANT (LOXODONTA AFRICANA).

Science.gov (United States)

Sim, Richard R; Stringer, Elizabeth; Donovan, Dennis; Chappell, Rachael; Flora, Pat; Hall, Jon; Pillay, Selvum; Willis, Benjamin G; McCain, Stephanie

2017-09-01

Tusk fractures in Asian (Elephas maximus) and African elephants (Loxodonta africana) can result in damage to the distal end or to longitudinal cracks, potentially progressing to pulpitis. With pulp exposure, endodontic therapy is the treatment of choice, but conservative therapy has sufficed for some elephants. This manuscript describes the use of composite materials as a component of tusk fracture management. A 7-yr-old male Asian elephant fractured the distal end of both tusks with pulp exposure in one. Capping of each tusk with a Kevlar/fiberglass composite prevented further damage, and a modification allowed care of the exposed pulp tissue. A 34-yr-old male African elephant with a longitudinal crack received a carbon fiber/fiberglass composite circumferential wrap to potentially stabilize the crack. Compression of the crack was achieved, but follow-up was truncated due to bacterial pulpitis. Both cases show that composite material allows for lightweight, durable management of tusk fractures with continued radiographic monitoring.

Migración africana y formación social en las Américas, 1500-2000

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Moya, José C.

2012-08-01

Full Text Available Around 11 million Africans reached the New World between 1500 and 1866 in what constitutes the first massive transoceanic migration in the history of humanity. This article approaches that movement from the perspective of the history of migrations and socio-racial formations in the Americas. The first part establishes the origins, timing, and geographic distribution of the arrivals using a database with information on some 35,000 slave ship voyages. We go on to analyze how this determined the demographic impact, socio-economic development, African cultural presence, adaptation and acculturation strategies, and the construction of racial taxonomies and identities in the receiving regions.

Unos 11 millones de africanos llegaron al Nuevo Mundo entre 1500 y 1866 en lo que constituye la primera migración masiva transoceánica en la historia de la humanidad. Este artículo estudia ese movimiento desde la perspectiva de la historia de las migraciones y formaciones socio-raciales en las Américas. La primera parte establece el origen, ritmo temporal y distribución geográfica de las llegadas empleando una base de datos que contiene información sobre unos 35.000 viajes de barcos negreros. Sobre esta base, se analiza el impacto demográfico, el desarrollo socioeconómico, la presencia cultural africana, las estrategias de adaptación y aculturación, y la construcción de taxonomías e identidades raciales en las regiones receptoras.

Teoría emergente en la construcción del saber pedagógico

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Víctor Díaz Quero

2004-05-01

Full Text Available Explicar la construcción y reconstrucción del saber pedagógico de los docentes, desde las perspectivas de su formación y experiencia constituyó el propósito de este trabajo. La naturaleza de la investigación refiere la subjetividad como fuente de conocimiento y componente dimensional de lo humano. El método tilizado fue la etnometodología para evidenciar la acción del hombre y de los significados que da a su propia actividad. Se seleccionaron (6 seis docentes de manera intencional, quienes participaron como sujetos que construyen y reconstruyen sus prácticas como instancia de la construcción de su saber. Los datos fueron obtenidos a través de la entrevista semiestructurada, con base en tres criterios: (a grado de apertura. (b grado de socialización y (c área de interés. El análisis de esta información, permitió su organización en una red conceptual constituida por unidades de información, categorías, tipologías y conceptos integradores que logran configurar la teoría emergente a partir de la reflexión del docente, sobre y desde sus prácticas. Los resultados obtenidos revelan como uno de los principales hallazgos, la existencia en los docentes de un pensamiento disociado entre teoría y práctica y una teoría que define epistemológicamente al saber pedagógico como un proceso complejo y permanente.

A cidade africana contemporânea de origem portuguesa: São Tomé pré e pós-independência The contemporary African city of Portuguese origin: Sao Tome pre and post-independence

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Teresa Madeira da Silva

2012-12-01

Full Text Available A cidade de São Tomé foi território português desde as primeiras ocupações até 1975 (data de sua independência,tendo, nesse tempo, crescido segundo os princípios do urbanismo de origem portuguesa. Para além da cidade planeada e consolidada, construída no período de ocupação colonial, a cidade desenvolveu, sobretudo no período pós-independência, um outro tipo de estrutura sem planeamento. À semelhança de outras cidades africanas de origem portuguesa, essa nova estrutura localiza-se na periferia do centro urbano. Este artigo apresenta dois argumentos. O primeiro considera que a cidade de São Tomé apresenta uma estrutura dual, tal como outras cidades africanas: uma zona central planeada, construída no período da ocupação colonial (pré-independência, e outra, periurbana, constituída essencialmente por habitações resultantes da expansão habitacional do centro urbano e com certas características semirrurais: vivendas associadas a espaços de produção agrícola familiar. O segundo argumento refere que tanto a estrutura central planeada, desenvolvida no período colonial, como a estrutura periférica não planeada, desenvolvida posteriormente,têm, na sua origem e desenvolvimento, a procura de relações com o território e, tanto numa como noutra,reconhecem-se estruturas urbanas adaptadas às condições locais.

Violencia intrafamiliar en estudiantes de primer año de la Escuela Emergente de Enfermería

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Margarita Díaz Lemus

Full Text Available Introducción: la familia como célula fundamental de la sociedad, tiene entre sus funciones la educación de las nuevas generaciones. En ella pueden aparecer episodios de violencia intrafamiliar que resultan difíciles de identificar y de afrontar por los adolescentes. Objetivos: identificar la presencia de violencia en las familias de los estudiantes de enfermería de primer año de la Escuela de Formación Emergente de Enfermería, así como determinar la relación entre el agresor y los tipos de violencia intrafamiliar. Métodos: se realizó una investigación descriptiva de corte transversal. El universo estuvo constituido por 101 estudiantes de la sede del municipio Cotorro. La muestra fue de 72 estudiantes que reconocieron la presencia de violencia intrafamiliar en sus hogares. Se utilizaron métodos teóricos de revisión documental y métodos empíricos de grupos focales y encuesta. Resultados: existe violencia intrafamiliar en la mayoría de los hogares de los estudiantes estudiados, donde los padres y las madres son los agresores fundamentales. Conclusiones: las manifestaciones de violencia intrafamiliar más representadas fueron el abuso emocional y la agresión física.

Determinants of seasonal changes in availability of food patches for elephants (Loxodonta africana in a semi-arid African savanna

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Bruce W. Clegg

2017-06-01

Full Text Available Loss of biodiversity caused by impact of elephants (Loxodonta africana on African woodlands may require a management response, but any action should be based on an understanding of why elephants choose to utilise trees destructively. Comprehension of elephant feeding behaviour requires consideration of the relative value of the plant groups they may potentially consume. Profitability of available food is partly determined by the time to locate a food patch and, therefore, as a foundation for understanding the influence of food availability on diet selection, key controls on the density of grass, forb, and browse patches were investigated across space and time in a semi-arid African savanna. Density of food patches changed seasonally because plant life-forms required different volumes of soil water to produce green forage; and woody plants and forbs responded to long-term changes in soil moisture, while grasses responded to short-term moisture pulses. Soil texture, structure of woody vegetation and fire added further complexity by altering the soil water thresholds required for production of green forage. Interpolating between regularly-timed, ground-based measurements of food density by using modelled soil water as the predictor in regression equations may be a feasible method of quantifying food available to elephants in complex savanna environments.

Criptosporidiosis: una zoonosis emergente Cryptosporidiosis: an emerging zoonosis

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

V. F. Del Coco

2009-09-01

Full Text Available El género Cryptosporidium, responsable de la criptosporidiosis, abarca diversas especies. El ganado vacuno y el hombre constituyen las principales fuentes de infección. Los brotes de criptosporidiosis están asociados al agua de consumo, por ser el ooquiste -la forma infectante del parásito- resistente a los tratamientos convencionales de potabilización. En individuos inmunocompetentes es causa de diarrea aguda, normalmente autolimitada. En pacientes inmunocomprometidos la enfermedad puede adquirir formas graves, potencialmente fatales. Las personas afectadas por el síndrome de inmunodeficiencia adquirida son particularmente propensas a padecer formas graves de criptosporidiosis. En terneros, las infecciones por Cryptosporidium son consideradas un factor de morbimortalidad y conducen a grandes pérdidas económicas. En los últimos años, el incremento del número de pacientes con distintas causas de inmunosupresión ha aumentado la necesidad de encontrar un tratamiento efectivo para la infección por Cryptosporidium. A pesar de los numerosos intentos de la industria farmacéutica de desarrollar un antiparasitario efectivo, la infección gastrointestinal por Cryptosporidium y sus consecuencias clínicas continúan siendo un importante problema en materia de salud pública. En la presente actualización se analiza la taxonomía, la morfología, la biología y el ciclo evolutivo de Cryptosporidium, así como también los aspectos clínicos, inmunológicos, diagnósticos y epidemiológicos de la criptosporidiosis. Se discute el tratamiento y la profilaxis de esta afección y se sugieren pautas tendientes a lograr un control más adecuado de esta parasitosis emergente.The genus Cryptosporidium, responsible for producing cryptosporidiosis, includes several species. Humans and livestock are the main sources of infection. Waterborne cryptosporidiosis outbreaks are associated with drinking water. The infective parasite stage is the oocyst, which is

Caracterización estructural por adsorción y difracción de rayos X de monolitos de carbón activado a partir de cáscara de coco y cuesco de palma africana

OpenAIRE

Vargas Delgadillo, Diana; Giraldo-Gutiérrez, Liliana; Moreno-Piraján, Juan

2009-01-01

Se prepararon monolitos de carbón activado tipo disco utilizando como precursores por separado cáscara de coco y cuesco de palma africana mediante la activación química con ácido fosfórico, utilizando diferentes concentraciones, sin el uso de ningún aglomerante. Se presentan el rendimiento del proceso, así como los parámetros estructurales determinados por adsorción de N2 a 77 K y CO2 a 273 K, y se comparan con algunos parámetros cristalográficos determinados por difracción de rayos X. Se obt...

Geografías urbanas: representación e identidad en la literatura africana en español

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

M’bare N’gom

2012-12-01

Full Text Available Este trabajo estudia las representaciones de las geografías urbanas y sus problemáticas en la literatura africana de expresión castellana. Para tal efecto propone la representación de las realidades urbanas como espacios de experiencias de vida heterogéneas, ya sean culturales, políticas o de renegociación de identidad. Igualmente examina cómo esa geografía urbana se configura como espacio que se presta a la articulación de una multitud de discursos y reinterpretaciones de la realidad urbana y urbanística, que obligan en este caso al sujeto migrante africano a embarcarse en un proceso de reterritorialización desde la transterritorialidad del desplazamiento, como estrategia de supervivencia en ese espacio ajeno y dislocado que es la ciudad.This study explores the representations of urban geography and its problematic in African literature in Spanish. It intends to examinate the representation of urban realities as spaces of heterogeneous experiences, be they cultural, political, or renegociation of identity. Along those lines, this study will discuss how urban geography becomes a space that allows a multitude of negociations, as well as the articulation of a variety of discourses and reinterpretations of urban and urbanistic reality that oblige the African migrant subject, in this case, to engage in a process of reterritorialization from the transterritoriality of displacement, as a strategy for survival in an alien and dislocated space such as the City.

Producción de biomasa y costos de producción de pastos estrella africana (Cynodon nlemfuensis, kikuyo (Kikuyuocloa clandestina y ryegrass perenne (Lolium perenne en lecherías de Costa Rica

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Luis Villalobos

2013-01-01

Full Text Available Se evaluó la producción de biomasa, los costos de producción y el costo del kilogramo de materia seca en los pastos kikuyo (Kikuyuocloa clandestina, ryegrass perenne (Lolium perenne y estrella africana (Cynodon nlemfuensis, a lo largo de un año, en 8 fincas comerciales ubicadas en las provincias de Cartago (2, San José (2 y Alajuela (4. La producción de biomasa promedio por ciclo para los 3 pastos fue de 3395 kg.ha-1 MS; la producción anual se ve influenciada por los días de recuperación de cada especie, mostrando valores de 40 170, 38 731 y 28 995 kg.ha-1 de MS para los pastos estrella africana, kikuyo y ryegrass perenne, respectivamente. La producción de biomasa varía durante el año y en las épocas de mayor producción de esa biomasa, los animales tienen un menor aprovechamiento de la pastura en términos porcentuales, debido a que la carga animal, los períodos de permanencia y las áreas de pastoreo no se ajustan a la disponibilidad de forraje. Los costos anuales de mano de obra, insumos y tierra promedio fueron de 72.433, 505.515 y 18.760 colones.ha-1, respectiva- mente; siendo los insumos el rubro con un peso relativo mayor en la estructura de costos de las fincas en pastoreo. Los costos del kg de MS producido y consumido, para los 3 pastos evaluados, fueron de 16,6 y 44,4 colones respectivamente, siendo el aprovechamiento que los animales hacen de las pasturas el determinante del costo del material consumido. Las fincas con mayor inversión anual en pasturas, mostraron un mayor retorno en kg.ha-1 leche.

Public health challenges and emerging diseases: the case of São Paulo Doenças emergentes e desafios à saúde pública. O caso de São Paulo

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Luiz Jacintho da Silva

2001-01-01

Full Text Available The author discusses the challenges posed by emerging infectious diseases in 100 years of public health in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. With an advanced and organized public health system, São Paulo responded to the emergence of infectious diseases by creating research institutions and control programs. The late 19th century witnessed the first modern research institution in microbiology, in response to the bubonic plague. A changing economy led to constant changes in ecosystems. The late 20th century presents a wide array of both emerging and rapidly changing infectious diseases. The present situation calls for creative solutions. Ecosystem analysis and more agile epidemiological surveillance are seen as the best alternatives.O artigo apresenta uma discussão a respeito dos desafios enfrentados pela saúde pública paulista durante cem anos de ocorrência de doenças infecciosas emergentes. Com uma saúde pública avançada e organizada, São Paulo respondeu a esses desafios por meio da criação de instituições de pesquisa e programas de controle. O final do século XIX assistiu à criação do primeiro instituto moderno de pesquisa em microbiologia, em resposta à ocorrência da peste bubônica. Uma economia em transformação determinou a constante mudança dos ecossistemas. O final do século XX traz uma vasta gama de doenças infecciosas, emergentes ou em rápida transformação. A situação presente pede soluções criativas. A análise de ecossistemas e uma vigilância epidemiológica ágil são apresentadas como as soluções mais viáveis.

Standing sedation in African elephants (Loxodonta africana) using detomidine-butorphanol combinations.

Science.gov (United States)

Neiffer, Donald L; Miller, Michele A; Weber, Martha; Stetter, Mark; Fontenot, Deidre K; Robbins, P K; Pye, Geoffrey W

2005-06-01

Standing sedation was provided for 14 clinical procedures in three African elephants (Loxodonta africana) managed by combined protected and modified-protected contact and trained through operant conditioning. An initial hand-injection of detomidine hydrochloride and butorphanol tartrate at a ratio of 1:1 on a microg:microg basis was administered intramuscularly, with a dosage range of 50-70 mg (12.9-19.7 microg/kg) for each drug. The initial injection resulted in adequate sedation for initiation and completion of eight procedures, whereas supplemental doses were required for the remaining procedures. The dosage range for the supplemental injections of each drug was 4.0-7.3 microg/kg. Initial effect was noted within 3.0-25 min (mean = 11.6 min, SD +/- 5.9 min), with maximal effect occurring at 25-30 min for those procedures not requiring supplementation. In all but one procedure, this effect was maintained until the end of the procedure, which ranged from 47 to 98 min (mean = 74.7 min, SD +/- 18.8 min). No cardiac or respiratory depression was appreciated. Recovery after administration of reversal agents was rapid and complete, ranging from 2 to 20 min (mean = 9.0 min, SD +/- 7.0 min). On the basis of the authors' experience, recommended dosage ranges for reversal agents would be intravenous yohimbine (73.4-98.5 microg/kg), intravenous naltrexone (48.9-98.5 microg/kg), and intramuscular naltrexone (73.4-98.5 microg/kg). Approximately one-third to one-half of the total naltrexone dose should be administered intravenously. Mild adverse side effects limited to the gastrointestinal tract were observed in association with five procedures including abdominal distention with or without transient anorexia. Administration of reversal agents, encouraging exercise and water consumption, and administration of flunixin meglumine were helpful in the resolution of signs. In addition to gastrointestinal signs, slight ataxia was observed before initiation of surgical stimulation

Estratégias analíticas baseadas no emprego da extração em fase sólida para a determinação cromatográfica de contaminantes emergentes em águas naturais

OpenAIRE

Castro, Franciane Silva Beltramin de

2016-01-01

Orientador : Prof. Dr. Marco Tadeu Grassi Coorientador : Prof. Dr. Bruno J. Gonçalves da Silva Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciências Exatas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química. Defesa: Curitiba, 30/06/2016 Inclui referências : f. 82-89 Resumo: A quantidade de contaminantes em águas superficiais e subterrâneas têm aumentado muito nas últimas décadas. Dentre os contaminantes que podem estar presentes na água estão os contaminantes emergentes, q...

REGIME DE METAS DE INFLAÇÃO: ANÁLISE COMPARATIVA E EVIDÊNCIAS EMPÍRICAS PARA PAÍSES EMERGENTES SELECIONADOS

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Mateus Ramalho Ribeiro da Fonseca

Full Text Available RESUMO O objetivo deste artigo é analisar o regime de metas de inflação (RMI no Brasil à luz das experiências de outros países emergentes selecionados, quais sejam: África do Sul, Chile, Colômbia, Coreia do Sul e México. Para tanto, há uma exposição dos contextos nos quais o RMI foi adotado nesses países, bem como uma comparação entre os arranjos desses regimes, para se distinguir suas principais características. Por fim, é estimado um modelo autorregressivo com vetores de correção de erros (VEC para cada país selecionado, de modo a criar condições para uma análise da eficácia do RMI nessas economias. Os resultados empíricos da pesquisa sugerem que os Regimes de Metas de inflação mais flexíveis (África do Sul, Chile, Colômbia, Coreia do Sul são relativamente mais eficazes em termos de combate à inflação que os regimes mais rígidos (Brasil e México.

HONGOS MICORRÍCICO-ARBUSCULARES EN LA PRODUCCIÓN DE VIOLETA AFRICANA EN UN SISTEMA DE MANEJO TRADICIONAL

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ramón Zulueta-Rodríguez

2013-01-01

Full Text Available Se determinó el efecto de la inoculación de violeta africana ( Saintpaulia ionantha Wendl. con hongos micorrícico-arbusculares (HMA en un vivero comercial bajo el sistema de cultivo del productor. Se probaron dos presentaciones del inóculo, raíces frescas (IT e inoculante encapsulado en perlas de alginato de calcio (IE. Los tratamientos establecidos fueron plantas inoculadas con cada uno de los inóculos (IT e IE, plantas fertilizadas sin inocular (F, plantas inoculadas + fertilizante (IT+F e IE+F y plantas testigo (T. Las variables evaluadas 90 y 180 días después de la inoculación (DDI fueron área foliar, número de hojas, de botones florales y de flores, así como la longitud de raíz colonizada, peso seco de pecíolos, hojas y raíces al final del experimento (180 DDI. El análisis estadístico indicó diferencias altamente significativas entre los tratamientos a los 90 DDI para área foliar, número de botones florales y de flores (ANOVA, P ≤ 0.01, respuesta que prevaleció hasta los 180 DDI con respecto a las plantas testigo (ANOVA, P ≤ 0.01. En general, la interacción de los HMA con el fertilizante promovió una floración prematura, lo cual indica que el uso de estos microorganismos puede considerarse una alterna - tiva biotecnológica factible de incorporar en estos sistemas de producción.

BREADFRUIT (Treculia africana MARKETING ACTIVITIES AND RETURNS IN AHIAZU MBAISE LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, OF IMO STATE, NIGERIA

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ogbonna Christopher EMEROLE

2013-12-01

Full Text Available This study on marketing of breadfruits (Treculia africana and returns was done in Ahiazu Mbaise local Government area of Imo State, Nigeria. The specific objectives of the study were to describe socio-economic characteristics of respondents (sellers and buyers of African breadfruit; identify value-chain activities available in processing and its storage in compliance with consumers’ order and preferences; determine factors influencing decision to supply African breadfruit; and constraints with its post-harvest management in the study area. Three-stage random sampling technique was used in selecting locations and respondents through which eighty (80 farm households who gather/harvest, process and sell breadfruits were selected and interviewed with structured questionnaire. Data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics, and probit regression model. Result revealed that 65.80% of the respondents were females and 81.20% of them were married with mean household size of 9 members. Their literacy level was high as 97.6% of them had at least primary education. Predominant marketing activities were fruit gathering/harvesting, processing, storage and packaging, transportation, and sales. Socio-economic factors of gender, household size, income, level of education, years of farming experience and labour significantly influenced supply of breadfruits to consumers with challenges of seasonal scarcity, and tedious methods of processing deterring the enterprise in the area. We recommended provision of credit support to enable fruit gatherers purchase and use shelling machines and good storage facilities to smooth any fluctuations in supplies during off-seasons and help fight overdependence of households on roots and tubers.

La influencia de las TIC en la construcción del mestizaje cultural: el otakismo como un fenómeno emergente de la sociedad en red

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Verónica Paulina Proaño Vallejo

2015-12-01

Full Text Available La complejidad de las relaciones contemporáneas dificulta enormemente la clasificación del locus y la visibilización de los significados imperantes en los imaginarios. En el siglo XXI cobra especial relevancia la ciberesfera, un paradigma emergente que estimula el surgimiento de culturas gestionadas desde el campo virtual, como la del otakismo. Con este ensayo, describimos las principales características de un tipo de cultura que continúa los esfuerzos iniciados durante los siglos XIX y XX y que tiene una vigorosa presencia tanto dentro de la llamada sociedad de consumo como de la sociedad en red. El resultado de la interrelación de estos vectores enunciados produce una integración simbólica identificada por el mestizaje de algunos valores locales japoneses con el lenguaje audiovisual y la tecnología.

Análise das Principais Práticas de TI Verde com o Uso de Tecnologias Emergentes: Estudo Multicaso

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Patricia Miyumi Matsuda

2017-12-01

Full Text Available O artigo tem como objetivo estabelecer relações e classificações entre atributos do modelo de Lunardi, Frio e Brum (2011 sobre as principais práticas de TI Verde adotadas pelas organizações. Para este trabalho descritivo foram utilizadas a análise documental e a análise de conteúdo com o apoio do software NVivo que envolveu múltiplas fontes de coletas de dados com uso de websites internos e externos às empresas, pesquisas, documentos públicos e entrevistas veiculadas na mídia digital para 15 casos identificados pelas suas práticas de TI Verde. Como resultado, observaram-se características na adoção de medidas sustentáveis em algumas organizações relativas as responsabilidades no uso de novas tecnologias emergentes, entre elas, cloud computing, datacenter e virtualização que incorporem aspectos sociais e ambientais. As empresas analisadas demonstraram dentro de um estágio de “Avançado” e “Moderado” que iniciativas e práticas de TI Verde colaboram para a sustentabilidade de seus negócios, dado que muitas destas empresas estão inseridas em atividades distintas no mercado conforme observado nos casos analisados.

Escherichia coli O157:H7- patógeno alimentar emergente / Escherichia coli O157:H7 - emerging food pathogen

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Cheila Minéia Daniel de Paula

2014-11-01

Full Text Available Segundo a Organização Mundial da Saúde, cerca de 2,2 milhões de pessoas morrem anualmente em função de doenças hídricas ou alimentares, a maioria dos quais são crianças. Estas doenças são causadas por patógenos já conhecidos, emergentes ou reemergentes, principalmente bactérias. A globalização tem contribuído na disseminação de patógenos de origem alimentar, aumentando o desafio relacionado à identificação da origem desses agentes e à elaboração de regulamentação e fiscalização adequadas. O cenário das Doenças Transmitidas por Alimentos (DTA muda constantemente e a prevalência de determinada doença varia de época para época, assim como os agentes etiológicos destas. Dentre os principais patógenos emergentes em nível mundial, E. coli O157:H7 tem ganhado grande destaque nos últimos 20 anos, devido à severidade de seus surtos. Até pouco tempo, o Brasil era considerado livre desse patógeno, porém a bibliografia científica e registros epidemiológicos demonstram o contrário. Em vista disso, o presente artigo objetiva realizar uma revisão integrativa da literatura, enfocando as características, os métodos de isolamento e detecção e os dados epidemiológicos da E. coli O157:H7 no Brasil e no mundo. =============================================== According to the World Health Organization, about 2.2 million people, most of whom are children, die each year due to water and foodborne illnesses. These illnesses are caused by known, emerging, or reemerging pathogens, mainly bacteria. Globalization has contributed to the spread of foodborne pathogens, increasing the challenge of identifying the origin of these agents and of developing appropriate regulation and monitoring. The scenario of Foodborne Illnesses (FI constantly changes and the prevalence of a particular illnesses as well as its etiological agents, vary from season to season. Among the major emerging pathogens at a global level, E. coli O157:H7

Web Analytics: Modelos de Métricas de Engajamento em Mídias Emergentes

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Sionara Ioco Okada

2012-02-01

Full Text Available As transformações no comportamento do consumidor inauguraram a “Era da recomendação com a disseminação exponencial de conteúdo relevante, ascensão do prosumerismo e crowdsourcing. A mensuração e o monitoramento contínuo das ações mercadológicas levam ao conhecimento do comportamento do consumidor, não somente nas variáveis como freqüência, recência e valor de compra, mas também nos quesitos engajamento e interação com o produto e/ou marca. O desenvolvimento de métricas para múltiplas mídias elevam a quantidade de informações úteis sobre o perfil de consumo possibilitando a otimização das estratégias digitais à públicos segmentados. Este é um artigo de atualização que tem por objetivo revisar as últimas publicações sobre modelos de métricas - web analytics – WA coadunando estratégias digitais em plataformas e mídias emergentes. Quanto à metodologia utilizada, trata-se de uma investigação secundária, sobretudo bibliográfica visando à atualização e análise comparativa de três modelos web analytics – wa para organizações que atuam no varejo eletrônico, utilizando diferentes canais digitais. O estudo enfoca: i Modelo dos Cinco Estágios de competição analítica, proposto por Davenport; ii Modelo de maturidade em web analytics, proposto por Hammel; iii Modelo Web Analytics Scorecard, proposto por Giuntini & Morier. A expansão do M-commerce e o advento do Social commerce assumem-se como tendências irreversíveis, exigindo das organizações que atuam no varejo eletrônico, métricas e indicadores de desempenho para um monitoramento contínuo do comportamento do consumidor, de modo a consolidar a interação e as métricas de engajamento como principais protagonistas das estratégias digitais contemporâneas. DOI: 10.5585/remark.v10i3.2271

Novas Tecnologias Educacionais: Uma Cultura Emergente na Formação Docente

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Maria Augusta Bernardo Marques de Mendon

2015-12-01

Full Text Available O objetivo principal desta pesquisa foi analisar a incorporação da cultura emergente na formação docente, ou seja, compreender como as novas tecnologias, recentemente difundidas nos meios educacionais, vêm sendo tratadas pelos processos de formação continuada e incluídas nas práticas pedagógicas. Na delimitação do estudo, procuramos investigar as dificuldades dos professores com a utilização dos novos recursos tecnológicos, considerando-se os fatores internos e externos que possam estar inviabilizando o sucesso da inclusão digital no ambiente escolar da rede pública estadual. Assim, por meio da pesquisa qualitativa e avaliativa propiciada por um projeto de ação, buscamos entender as interferências que ocorrem na prática docente por meio de observações direcionadas ao desempenho dos professores na utilização dos recursos tecnológicos da sala de informática como instrumentos de desenvolvimento do ensino dos conteúdos escolares. Os resultados obtidos no projeto de ação originaram-se de declarações dos sujeitos e de observações estabelecidas nos módulos de capacitação e de aplicação dos planos de aulas. Esses resultados convergem para os fatores desestimulantes como: excesso de movimentações dos docentes entre as escolas; ausência de pessoas credenciadas na própria escola capazes de coordenar as novas tecnologias educacionais e proporcionar segurança aos docentes; falta de capacitações no próprio ambiente escolar; carência de multiplicadores locais; ausência da previsão de tempo da preparação de aulas com os novos recursos tecnológicos na própria carga horária do professor e a inexistência de regulamentação na gestão administrativa que valorize o certificado da formação continuada. Enfim, as informações analisadas nessa pesquisa pelos aspectos positivos e negativos oferecem espaço para novas investigações dessa natureza.

Relações comerciais e diplomáticas Anglo-africanas durante a expedição ao Níger de 1854

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Alexsander Lemos de Almeida Gebara

2016-08-01

Full Text Available Resumo O artigo procura compreender a expedição britânica nos rios Niger e Benue em 1854 num contexto de transformação nas relações políticas e econômicas da Grã Bretanha com o interior da África Ocidental. Tal empreendimento ficou marcado pela ausência de mortes por febres tropicais e deixou vários registros, dentre eles relatos de viagem e a correspondência entre seus agentes e o Foreign Office e o Colonial Office que compõe o corpo de fontes deste artigo. Especial atenção é dedicada aos termos e formas das trocas comerciais realizadas com os africanos diretamente ao longo da viagem e às condições nas quais estes relacionamentos foram estabelecidos. Assim, procura-se por um lado, compreender a expedição como parte de um de um processo de ampliação da presença europeia no interior e, por outro lado, refletir sobre as estratégias africanas em diálogo com as transformações econômicas na bacia Atlântica em meados do século XIX.

CARBÓN ACTIVADO: EFECTO DEL LAVADO CON ÁCIDO SULFÚRICO DEL PRECURSOR LIGNOCELULÓSICO, CUESCO DE PALMA AFRICANA, SOBRE LOS PROCESOS DE CARBONIZACIÓN Y ACTIVACIÓN.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Luisa Fernanda Navarrete

2008-03-01

Full Text Available Se realizan lavados controlados durante diferentes periodos de tiempo, 6 y 12 horas, con soluciones diluidas de ácido sulfúrico, 2, 5 y 10%, sobre el precursor lignocelulósico cuesco de palma africana, consiguiendo reducir en más del 50% el contenido de cenizas de dicho material, en las que los componentes inorgánicos, principalmente elementos como hierro y aluminio, influyen notablemente en lareacción de gasificación con CO2 durante la activación física.Se determinan las entalpías de inmersión en las muestras con mayor grado de activación con resultados que se encuentran entre el 2 y 10 J.g-1, y se comparan con los obtenidos para carbones activados resultantes de lavar el material de partida con agua en los mismos períodos de tiempo.

Estimating variation in stomatal frequency at intra-individual, intra-site, and inter-taxonomic levels in populations of the Leonardoxa africana (Fabaceae) complex over environmental gradients in Cameroon

Science.gov (United States)

Finsinger, Walter; Dos Santos, Thibaut; McKey, Doyle

2013-07-01

Variation of stomatal frequency (stomatal density and stomatal index) includes genetically-based, potentially-adaptive variation, and variation due to phenotypic plasticity, the degree of which may be fundamental to the ability to maintain high water-use efficiency and thus to deal with environmental change. We analysed stomatal frequency and morphology (pore length, pore width) in leaves from several individuals from nine populations of four sub-species of the Leonardoxa africana complex. The dataset represents a hierarchical sampling wherein factors are nested within each level (leaves in individuals, individuals in sites, etc.), allowing estimation of the contribution of different levels to overall variation, using variance-component analysis. SI showed significant variation among sites ("site" is largely confounded with "sub-species"), being highest in the sub-species localized in the highest-elevation site. However, most of the observed variance was accounted for at intra-site and intra-individual levels. This variance could reflect great phenotypic plasticity, presumably in response to highly local variation in micro-environmental conditions.

Infecciones fúngicas emergentes: fungemia por Sporobolomyces salmonicolor. Reporte de un caso Emerging fungal infections: Sporobolomyces salmonicolor fungemia. Case Report

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Adriana Paola Franco Rodríguez

2010-12-01

Full Text Available En los últimos años, la emergencia de infecciones por hongos se ha dado en parte por el aumento en las infecciones por microrganismos que normalmente no son patógenos. El siguiente reporte describe la fungemia y meningoencefalitis por Sporobolomyces salmonicolor, una levadura frecuente en el medio ambiente y las plantas, en un paciente sin factores de riesgo conocidos, con desenlace fatal a pesar del manejo con antifúngicos. Este caso nos recuerda que dentro de las infecciones micóticas emergentes se encuentra el S. salmonicolor y se debe tener en cuenta dentro del diagnóstico diferencial de levaduras en sangre, como causa infrecuente, potencialmente mortal.The emergence of pathogens, mainly fungi, in recent years has been partly due to overappearance of organisms that normally are not pathogenic in humans. The following report describes Sporobolomyces salmonicolor fungaemia and proven meningoencephalitis in a patient not showing risk factors who suffers a fatal outcome despite management with antifungal agents. The said yeast lives mainly in tree environments and plants. This case reminds us that there is S. salmonicolor within the emerging fungal infections, and this fact should be taken into account in the differential diagnosis of yeasts in blood as a rare and lifethreatening cause.

Soluciones concluidas en el MERCOSUR en materia de jurisdicción internacional: Análisis de los protocolos de Buenos Aires sobre jurisdicción internacional en materia contractual y de San Luis en materia de resp. civil emergente de accidentes de tránsito

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Eduardo Tellechea Bergman

2015-10-01

Full Text Available Contenido: Precisiones.  La jurisdicción en las relaciones privadas internacionales en el MERCOSUR. Necesidad de una regulación común a todos los estados parte. Protocolo de Buenos Aires sobre jurisdicción internacional en materia contractual. Protocolo de San Luis sobre responsabilidad civil emergente de accidentes de tránsito

Toward sustainable harvesting of Africa's largest medicinal plant ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Global demand for treating prostate disorders with Prunus africana bark extract has made P. africana Africa's largest medicinal plant export. Unsustainable harvesting practices can lead to local extirpations of this multipurpose tree. Survey research targeting P. africana harvesters in a Tanzania forest reserve revealed that ...

Resistencia emergente a los antibióticos: una amenaza global y un problema crítico en el cuidado de la salud

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Claudio Rocha

Full Text Available Después del desarrollo y la comercialización en masa de los antibióticos, las bacterias patógenas y ambientales han desa- rrollado resistencia a los antibióticos desde el siglo pasado, de modo que la infección causada por organismos resistentes a los antibióticos (ORAs podría ser considerada como una infección emergente. Debido a ello, su control debe ser priorizado ya que constituye una amenaza para todas las naciones, sin reparar en su territorio y situación económica. El incremento de la vigilancia en Estados Unidos de América, Europa y Asia Oriental ha ilustrado lo rápido que pueden diseminarse, trayendo como consecuencia un incremento en la carga de infecciones causadas por los ORAs, sin embargo, la información disponible en los países de continuo desarrollo en América Latina es limitada. Esta revisión describe información reciente de estudios de vigilancia de ORAs en América Latina, así como también fuentes comunes de ORAs y posibles estrategias para su control.

Synergistic effect of sodium and yeast in improving the efficiency of DSSC sensitized with extract from petals of Kigelia Africana

Science.gov (United States)

Shalini, S.; Balasundaraprabhu, R.; Satish Kumar, T.; Sivakumaran, K.; Kannan, M. D.

2018-05-01

TiO2 nanostructures with two different dopants, sodium and yeast have been successfully synthesized by hydrothermal method. Doping sodium is found to extend the absorbance of TiO2 into the visible region as well as it acts as mordant in fixing and improving the absorption of dye. Yeast, as a dopant, can help in absorption of more anthocyanins from the natural dye extract by TiO2 and also aids in retaining the colour of the dye and increases the stability of the dye at varying pH. Anthocyanins are the major class of pigment present in the newly addressed maroon, velvety and trumpet shaped flower "Kigelia Africana". X-ray diffraction analysis revealed the formation of rutile phase for all the samples. Field Emission Scanning Electron microscopy images revealed the formation of nanorods and nanoflowers with change in dopant as well as their concentration. The photoelectric conversion efficiency of DSSC with undoped TiO2 photoelectrode is 0.87% and DSSC with 6% Na doped TiO2 photoelectrode is 1.56%. The efficiency of DSSC with 6% Na+6% yeast doped TiO2 photoelectrode is found to increase from 2.09% (DSSC with 6% Na+4% yeast doped TiO2 photoelectrode) to 2.31% on varying the dopant concentration. Doping is also found to increase the dye absorption and superior charge transport efficiency which in turn helps to improve the performance of DSSC.

Control Químico de la Mosca de los Establos, Stomoxys Calcitrans (L y Otros Insectos Asociados con Estipes de Palma Africana en Descomposición

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ureta Sandino Eduardo

1972-12-01

Full Text Available En ensayos para determinar el efecto del diazinon 1% I.A. (ingrediente activo; bromophos 1 % I.A.; dieldrin 0.5% I.A., 2% I.A. y methomyl 0.1 % I.A. sobre larvas de Stomoxys calcilrans y otros insectos asociados con tipes de palma africana (Elaeis guineensis en descomposición, se encontró que los tratamientos con diazinon 1% I.A. y bromophos 1% I.A. fueron los más efectivos para impedir la proliferación en éstos de las larvas de Slomoxys calcilralls. Ambos insecticidas protegieron eficientemente los estipes por lo menos durante dos semanas. El dieldrin al 0.5% I. A. y 2% I. A., aunque inferior al bromophos 1% I.A. y al diazinon 1% I.A. también fue efectivo para impedir la proliferación de larvas de la mosca en los troncos de palma africana en descomposición. El tratamiento con methomyl 0.1 % I. A. al parecer no impidió la multiplicación de las larvas en los estipes, según pudo observarse en muestras tomadas a las dos semanas de haber sido aplicado el producto. El diazinon 1% I.A: bromophos 1 % I.A.; dieldrin 0.5% I.A. y 2% I.A., aparentemente fueron eficaces para controlar los adultos de Limnobaris calandriformis y Metamasius hemipterus, los cuales eran atraídos en grandes cantidades a los trozos de tallo de palma recién rajada, así como también impidieron la proliferación en éstos de las larvas de los dípteros Ormidea obesa y Hermelia sp./Abstract Several tests were carried out to determine the effectiveness of diazinon 1% I.A., bromophos 1% I.A., dieldrin 0.5 and 2% I.A., and methomyl 0.1 % on larvae of the stable fly, Stomoxys calcitrans, and other insects associated with dead trunks of the oil palm (Elaeis guineesis.The results showed by the author indicate that diazinon and bromophos were the most effective materials tested. Both insecticides protected well the dead trunks for at least two weeks. Dieldrin (both doses although less efficient than diazinon, was also effective in preventing the development of great numbers of

SETTING HEALTH PRIORITIES IN RESEARCH: AN AFRICAN PERSPECTIVE ESTABLECIMIENTO DE PRIORIDADES DE SALUD EN INVESTIGACIÓN: UNA PERSPECTIVA AFRICANA ESTABELECIMENTO DE PRIORIDADES DE SAÚDE NA PESQUISA: UMA PERSPECTIVA AFRICANA

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Angela Amondi Wasunna

2004-01-01

édicas diseñadas para mejorar la salud y, en la mayoría de los casos, requiere participación de seres humanos como sujetos de investigación. Éstos no pueden, sin embargo, verse en aislamiento; son parte de una comunidad, lo que implica una pregunta: ¿cómo se benefician las comunidades con la investigación que tiene lugar en ellas? En el mundo de la ética de la investigación se ha convertido en un mantra decir que las comunidades deben beneficiarse con los resultados positivos de la investigación. Esta norma ética es importante; sin embargo, mi artículo se enfoca en la participación de la comunidad antes de que se realice la investigación. Usando ejemplos de África como casos, examinaré hasta qué punto se incluye a las comunidades al establecer la agenda de investigación en salud, y si se les consulta al fijar prioridades. Puede que la investigación que se realiza en varias comunidades africanas responda a sus necesidades de salud; sin embargo, ¿cuán prioritarios son estos problemas para cada comunidad? ¿Son postergadas otras necesidades importantes de salud? Mientras que se ha dicho mucho sobre proveer tratamiento para la comunidad entera después de que la investigación ha demostrado ser eficaz, no se ha dicho lo suficiente sobre quién decide cuál investigación es importante para la comunidad antes de que se realiceAtualmente se realiza muita pesquisa biomédica e epidemiológica na África que é tanto horizontal (envolvendo pesquisadores locais e instituições regionais de pesquisa como vertical (envolvendo patrocinadores e colaboradores internacionais. A pesquisa é o caminho necessário para se conquistar inovações biomédicas para melhorar a saúde e, na maioria dos casos, exige a participação de seres humãos como sujeitos de pesquisa. Estes não podem ser vistos isoladamente, são parte de uma comunidade, o que implica um questionamento: que benefícios a pesquisa traz para a comunidade? No mundo da ética da pesquisa se transformou um

The impact of male contraception on dominance hierarchy and herd association patterns of African elephants (Loxodonta africana in a fenced game reserve

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

L.S. Doughty

2014-12-01

Full Text Available Overpopulation of African elephants (Loxodonta africana in fenced reserves in South Africa is becoming increasingly problematic to wildlife managers. With growing opposition to culling and the high cost of translocation, alternative management strategies focusing on male elephants are being investigated. In this study, hormonal treatment via Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone (GnRH suppression, and surgical treatment via vasectomy were trialled. Focusing on behavioural responses, we tested the male dominance hierarchy for transitivity, and examined the rank order of individuals in relation to age and contraceptive treatment received. Additionally, we studied association patterns between males within the male population and with the female herds.Findings suggest that the treatment of one individual with GnRH suppressant is affecting the rank order of the dominance hierarchy, though it is still transitive, yet fluid (Landau’s linearity index h=0.7, as expected in a normal elephant population. Between males, association patterns were found to be weak. However, some males had relatively strong associations with the female herds, with association indices between 0.25 and 0.41. This suggests that the reduction on births is resulting in the males spending atypically large amounts of time with the female herds. The future conservation implications of this population control mechanism are discussed. Keywords: African elephant, Population control, Contraception, Social dynamics, Dominance, Association patterns

O dom e a iniciação revisitados: o dado e o feito em religiões de matriz africana no brasil

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Marcio Goldman

2012-08-01

Full Text Available Partindo da conhecida oposição entre o que derivaria do "dom" e o que derivaria da "iniciação" nas religiões de matriz africana no Brasil, este trabalho visa, em um primeiro movimento, demonstrar etnograficamente que esse dualismo oculta um triadismo. O desdobramento da análise etnográfica levará, contudo e em seguida, à substituição desse triadismo por um modelo simultaneamente unitário e múltiplo. Neste, a "participação", em seus múltiplos sentidos, deverá ter um lugar ao lado do "dom" e da "iniciação", e as três categorias deverão ser entendidas como atualizações de um princípio subjacente único.Beginning with the known opposition between that which derives from the "gift" and that which derives from "initiation" in African-oriented religions in Brazil, this work aims to ethnographically demonstrate that said dualism actually conceals a triadism. The unfolding of ethnographic analysis in the article will, however, lead us to replace this triadism with a model that is simultaneously unified and multiple. In this, "participation" (in its multiple meanings should have a place next to the "gift" and "initiation" and the three categories should be construed as updates of a single under-lying principle.

Benefits conferred by "timid" ants: active anti-herbivore protection of the rainforest tree Leonardoxa africana by the minute ant Petalomyrmex phylax.

Science.gov (United States)

Gaume, Laurence; McKey, Doyle; Anstett, Marie-Charlotte

1997-10-01

In this study, we demonstrate that an important benefit provided by the small host-specific ant Petalomyrmex phylax to its host plant Leonardoxa africana is efficient protection against herbivores. We estimate that in the absence of ants, insect herbivory would reduce the leaf area by about one-third. This contributes considerably to the fitness of the plant. Our estimates take into account not only direct damage, such as removal of leaf surface by chewing insects, but also the effects of sucking insects on leaf growth and expansion. Sucking insects are numerically predominant in this system, and the hitherto cryptic effects of ant protection against the growth-reducing effects of sucking insects accounted for half of the total estimated benefit of ant protection. We propose that the small size of workers confers a distinct advantage in this system. Assuming that resource limitation implies a trade off between size and number of ants, and given the small size of phytophagous insects that attack Leonardoxa, we conclude that fine-grained patrolling by a large number of small workers maximises protection of young leaves of this plant. Since herbivores are small and must complete their development on the young leaves of Leonardoxa, and since a high patrolling density is required for a fine-grained search for these enemies, numerous small ants should provide the most effective protection of young leaves of Leonardoxa. We also discuss other factors that may have influenced worker size in this ant.

Desenvolvimento e estudo de um sistema para tratamento de fenol e poluentes orgânicos emergentes (POE) por processos oxidativos avançados (POA) utilizando ozônio, peróxido de hidrogênio e radiação ultravioleta

OpenAIRE

Felipe Rufine Nolasco

2014-01-01

O estudo avaliou a efetividade de um sistema para tratamento de soluções aquosas contendo poluentes orgânicos emergentes (POE), denominados interferentes endócrinos (IE). Baseado nos processos oxidativos avançados (POA), empregando ozônio, radiação UV, peróxido de hidrogênio e variação de pH, o estudo possibilitou determinar a relação ideal oxidante/poluentes e o custo/benefício dos tratamentos com melhores desempenhos, de degradação do padrão contendo hormônios 17?-estradiol (E2) e 17?-etini...

The social and ecological integration of captive-raised adolescent male African elephants (Loxodonta africana into a wild population.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Kate Evans

Full Text Available BACKGROUND: A rapid rise in the number of captive African elephants (Loxodonta africana used in the tourism industry in southern Africa and orphaned elephants in human care has led to concerns about their long-term management, particularly males. One solution is to release them into the wild at adolescence, when young males naturally leave their herd. However, this raises significant welfare concerns: little is known about how well released elephants integrate into wild populations and whether they pose a greater threat to humans than wild elephants. We document the release of three captive-raised adolescent male African elephants in the Okavango Delta, Botswana. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Despite having been part of a herd of working elephants for at least eight years, the three males progressively integrated into the complex fission-fusion society of wild bull elephants. In the three years following release, they showed no tendency to be closer to human habitation, and there were no significant differences between wild and captive-raised adolescent males in the total number of social interactions, size of ranges and habitat use. However, the captive-raised elephants sparred less and vocalised more, and spent more time alone and in smaller social groups. Thereafter the released elephants continued to expand their ranges and interact with both mixed-sex herds and males. One male was shot by farmers 94 months after release, along with ten wild elephants, on a ranch outside the protected area. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: We show that captive-raised adolescent male elephants can integrate into a wild population. Long-term studies are required to determine the longevity, breeding success, and eventual fate of released male elephants, but we identified no significant short-term welfare problems for the released elephants or recipient population. Release of captive-raised mammals with complex social systems is a husbandry option that should be

World Health Day 1997: emerging infectious diseases Día Mundial de la Salud 1997: enfermedades infecciosas emergentes

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

1997-05-01

Full Text Available Para el Día Mundial de la Salud de 1997, la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS ha elegido el tema "Enfermedades infecciosas emergentes; alerta mundial, respuesta mundial" con el fin de llamar la atención hacia la amenaza que representan algunas enfermedades infecciosas recientemente reconocidas en seres humanos y otras que han vuelto a aparecer. En la emergencia y reemergencia de enfermedades infecciosas intervienen factores como el deterioro de la infraestructura de salud pública, la creciente resistencia microbiana a los antibióticos y los cambios sociales y ecológicos asociados con el crecimiento de la población humana. La OMS ha hecho hincapié en la necesidad de que se compromentan a entrar juntos en acción tanto países como organizaciones internacionales, organizaciones no gubernamentales e individuos, con objeto de mejorar la vigilancia de las enfermedades y la capacidad de controlarlas para prevenir y refrenar las epidemias. Por su parte, la OMS está reforzando su sistema de vigilancia mundial tripartito, que consta de los centros de colaboración de la OMS en el área de enfermedades infecciosas, las redes de monitoreo de resistencia antimicrobiana y el Reglamento Sanitario Internacional. Para hacer frente adecuadamente al problema de las enfermedades infecciosas durante el siglo próximo, se necesitarán programas de vigilancia y control; redes mundiales de monitoreo y notificación; rápido intercambio de información por vía electrónica (incluida la World Wide Web; y un estado de preparación efectivo con la capacidad para responder rápidamente a las epidemias y contenerlas.

La relevancia de auditar requisitos de información en el diseño de sistemas de gestión de documentos: Métodos tradicionales, enfoques emergentes The importance of audit information requirements in the design of records management systems: Traditional methodologies and emerging approaches

OpenAIRE

María M. Moro Cabero

2011-01-01

El presente ensayo justifica el análisis de requisitos de información frente a un contexto de cambio en las organizaciones y enumera los factores que inciden en su evolución. Se investigan y describen los principales métodos y técnicas empleados en la auditoría de requisitos, señalando los enfoques emergentes más destacados. También se enuncian algunas experiencias internacionales y nacionales y se incorporan sugerencias de trabajo. Para la elaboración de este texto se han revisado y analizad...

Attending to detail by communal spider-eating spiders.

Science.gov (United States)

Jackson, Robert R; Nelson, Ximena J

2012-07-01

Communal predators may often need to make especially intricate foraging decisions, as a predator's success may depend on the actions of its neighbours. Here,we consider the decisions made by Portia africana, a jumping spider (Salticidae) that preys on other spiders, including Oecobius amboseli (Oecobiidae), a small prey spider that lives under small sheets of silk (nests) on the walls of buildings. P. africana juveniles settle near oecobiid nests and then ambush oecobiids as they leave or enter the nest. Two or more P. africana juveniles sometimes settle at the same nest and, when an oecobiid is captured, the P. africana juveniles may share the meal. We investigated the joining decisions made by naïve P. africana juveniles. Experiments were based on using lures (dead spiders positioned in lifelike posture) arranged in a series of 17 different scenes defined by the presence/absence of a nest, the lure types present and the configuration of the lures and the nest. Our findings imply that P. africana juveniles make remarkably precise predatory decisions, with the variables that matter including whether a nest is present, the identity of spiders inside and outside a nest and how spiders are positioned relative to each other and the nest.

Aproximación a las categorías emergentes que configuran los modos de ser en el mundo de 8 adolescentes entre los 15 y 18 años de edad de tres instituciones educativas de la ciudad de Medellín

OpenAIRE

Quintero Pérez, Sandra Milena

2011-01-01

Ubicación en Biblioteca USB Medellín (San Benito): CD-2058t .-- Grupo de Investigación en Estudios Clínicos y Sociales en Psicología .-- Línea de Investigación: Psicología Humanista Existencial La presente investigación busca hacer una comprensión de las categorías emergentes que configuran los modos de ser de los adolescentes de ocho adolescentes de la ciudad de Medellín, siguiendo como ruta de orientación el método fenomenológico hermenéutico. Se toman como aspectos claves para comprende...

Housing and Social Environments of African (Loxodonta africana and Asian (Elephas maximus Elephants in North American Zoos.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Cheryl L Meehan

Full Text Available We evaluated 255 African (Loxodonta africana and Asian (Elephas maximus elephants living in 68 North American zoos over one year to quantify housing and social variables. All parameters were quantified for the both the day and the night and comparisons were made across these time periods as well as by species and sex. To assess housing, we evaluated not only total exhibit size, but also individual animals' experiences based on the time they spent in the unique environments into which the exhibits were subdivided. Variables developed to assess housing included measurements of area as a function of time (Total Space Experience, environment type (Indoor, Outdoor, In/Out Choice and time spent on hard and soft flooring. Over the year, Total Space Experience values ranged from 1,273 square feet to 169,692 square feet, with Day values significantly greater than Night values (p<0.001. Elephants spent an average of 55.1% of their time outdoors, 28.9% indoors, and 16% in areas with a choice between being in or out. Time spent on hard flooring substrate ranged from 0% to 66.7%, with Night values significantly greater than Day (p<0.001. Social factors included number of animals functionally housed together (Social Experience and social group characteristics such as time spent with juveniles and in mixed-sex groups. Overall Social Experience scores ranged from 1 to 11.2 and were significantly greater during the Day than at Night (p<0.001. There were few significant social or housing differences between African (N = 138 and Asian (N = 117 species or between males (N = 54 and females (N = 201. The most notable exception was Total Space Experience, with African and male elephants having larger Total Space Experience than Asian and female elephants, respectively (P-value<0.05. The housing and social variables evaluated herein have been used in a series of subsequent epidemiological analyses relating to various elephant welfare outcomes.

Entre sueños agrarios y discurso ecologista. Las encrucijadas contemporáneas de la colonización de la Selva Lacandona (Chiapas, México

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ingreet Juliet Cano Castellanos

2014-01-01

Full Text Available Las plantaciones de palma africana son un elemento emergente en los actuales paisajes de la región Marqués de Comillas, en el sureste de la Selva Lacandona. Varios miembros de la población campesina que allí se asentó desde 1970 consideran dichas plantaciones como una alternativa de producción benéfica tanto en términos ecológicos, como económicos. Dicha situación se presenta pese a los impactos negativos que esta especie puede tener sobre los ecosistemas de selva de la región. Estos últimos, de por sí profundamente modificados a través de la deforestación y la ganade-ría extensiva. ¿Cómo entender el uso local de un discurso ecologista para hablar de una especie exótica, considerada por algunos científicos como un factor adverso en ecosistemas intertropicales? Responder a esta pregunta es la puerta de entrada a un análisis de las encrucijadas provocadas por lo que denomino el proceso de “ecologización” de la Selva Lacandona. Asimismo, es una oportunidad para abordar los cambios ambientales y sociales, inte-grando en el análisis las relaciones que se dan entre sociedad y Estado.

Adaptación de la metodología de cálculo de huella ecológica para los cultivos de palma africana usando sistemas de información geográfica: estudio de caso Puerto Wilches Santande

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Claudia Ramírez Cano

2014-06-01

Full Text Available En el municipio de Puerto Wilches el monocultivo de palma africana actualmente es un eje trasversal de la economía, modificando la diversidad de los ecosistemas y cultivos tradicionales de la zona. Por lo cual, el objetivo de esta investigación es medir y evaluar los impactos de los cultivos de palma africana en el lapso de 1987 a 2010 adaptando la metodología desarrollada por Mathis Wackernagel y William Rees y algunos aportes de los desarrollos realizados por Juan Luis Doménech, aunando a estos tecnología satelital e indicadores de biocapacidad y déficit ecológico para conocer los requerimientos de espacios y recursos naturales necesarios para la producción de los derivados de la palma. El análisis de la época arrojó para el año 1987 un indicador de huella ecológica con un valor de 1.255 ha/pc, biocapacidad del cultivo 0.470 ha/pc, déficit ecológico correspondiente a -0.785 ha/pc; se estima un valor del 16 % en cuanto a la producción y uso de recursos. Con relación a los indicadores de sostenibilidad, en 2010 se obtuvieron valores de huella ecológica de 5.492 ha/pc, biocapacidad 1.454 ha/pc y déficit ecológico de -4.038 ha/pc, cifras que evidencian los efectos originados por la implementación del monocultivo en la zona, que para la fecha aumento en un 63 % la producción y uso de recursos naturales. Por lo anterior, es necesario y urgente elaborar e implementar políticas de planificación territorial así como alternativas de producción económica para mejorar la calidad ambiental y social del municipio, deteniendo la acelerada antropización de la región.

The mummified brain of a pleistocene woolly mammoth (Mammuthus primigenius) compared with the brain of the extant African elephant (Loxodonta africana).

Science.gov (United States)

Kharlamova, Anastasia S; Saveliev, Sergei V; Protopopov, Albert V; Maseko, Busisiwe C; Bhagwandin, Adhil; Manger, Paul R

2015-11-01

This study presents the results of an examination of the mummified brain of a pleistocene woolly mammoth (Mammuthus primigenius) recovered from the Yakutian permafrost in Siberia, Russia. This unique specimen (from 39,440-38,850 years BP) provides the rare opportunity to compare the brain morphology of this extinct species with a related extant species, the African elephant (Loxodonta africana). An anatomical description of the preserved brain of the woolly mammoth is provided, along with a series of quantitative analyses of various brain structures. These descriptions are based on visual inspection of the actual specimen as well as qualitative and quantitative comparison of computed tomography imaging data obtained for the woolly mammoth in comparison with magnetic resonance imaging data from three African elephant brains. In general, the brain of the woolly mammoth specimen examined, estimated to weigh between 4,230 and 4,340 g, showed the typical shape, size, and gross structures observed in extant elephants. Quantitative comparative analyses of various features of the brain, such as the amygdala, corpus callosum, cerebellum, and gyrnecephalic index, all indicate that the brain of the woolly mammoth specimen examined has many similarities with that of modern African elephants. The analysis provided here indicates that a specific brain type representative of the Elephantidae is likely to be a feature of this mammalian family. In addition, the extensive similarities between the woolly mammoth brain and the African elephant brain indicate that the specializations observed in the extant elephant brain are likely to have been present in the woolly mammoth. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Housing and Demographic Risk Factors Impacting Foot and Musculoskeletal Health in African Elephants [Loxodonta africana] and Asian Elephants [Elephas maximus] in North American Zoos.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Michele A Miller

Full Text Available For more than three decades, foot and musculoskeletal conditions have been documented among both Asian [Elephas maximus] and African [Loxodonta africana] elephants in zoos. Although environmental factors have been hypothesized to play a contributing role in the development of foot and musculoskeletal pathology, there is a paucity of evidence-based research assessing risk. We investigated the associations between foot and musculoskeletal health conditions with demographic characteristics, space, flooring, exercise, enrichment, and body condition for elephants housed in North American zoos during 2012. Clinical examinations and medical records were used to assess health indicators and provide scores to quantitate conditions. Using multivariable regression models, associations were found between foot health and age [P value = 0.076; Odds Ratio = 1.018], time spent on hard substrates [P value = 0.022; Odds Ratio = 1.014], space experienced during the night [P value = 0.041; Odds Ratio = 1.008], and percent of time spent in indoor/outdoor exhibits during the day [P value < 0.001; Odds Ratio = 1.003]. Similarly, the main risk factors for musculoskeletal disorders included time on hard substrate [P value = 0.002; Odds Ratio = 1.050] and space experienced in indoor/outdoor exhibits [P value = 0.039; Odds Ratio = 1.037]. These results suggest that facility and management changes that decrease time spent on hard substrates will improve elephant welfare through better foot and musculoskeletal health.

Department of Zoological Sciences, Addis Ababa Univer

African Journals Online (AJOL)

USER

2016-12-02

Dec 2, 2016 ... unprecedented negative effects thereby exasperating natural disasters which ultimately will cause a negative .... such farms there is substantial activity in animal husbandry. .... capensis, Prunus africana, Cordia africana, and ...

Assessment of Flooring Renovations on African Elephant (Loxodonta africana) Behavior and Glucocorticoid Response

Science.gov (United States)

Boyle, Sarah A.; Roberts, Beth; Pope, Brittany M.; Blake, Margaret R.; Leavelle, Stephen E.; Marshall, Jennifer J.; Smith, Andrew; Hadicke, Amanda; Falcone, Josephine F.; Knott, Katrina; Kouba, Andrew J.

2015-01-01

Captive African (Loxodonta africana) and Asian (Elephas maximus) elephants can experience foot pathologies and arthritis. As a preventative measure against these pathologies and to alleviate the potential discomfort due to concrete substrates, some zoological institutions have renovated elephant housing to increase the amount of natural or shock-absorbent substrates. The objective of this study was to compare behavioral (diurnal and nocturnal) and glucorticoid (e.g., serum cortisol) responses of three female African elephants before, during, and after renovation to their indoor housing floor to assess whether renovations had short-term effects on the elephants’ behavior and stress physiology. Behavioral data were collected using scan-sampling methods, and activity budgets were constructed for each of the three elephants. In addition, the duration of all lying rest activities were recorded. Weekly serum cortisol concentrations were determined with enzyme immunoassay (EIA). Overall, eating was the most prevalent behavior exhibited outdoors during the day, while resting (either in a lying or standing position) were most common during the indoor, nocturnal periods. Although variation existed among the three elephants, all three females spent significantly more time walking and less time eating during the day after the completion of the renovations. The extent to which the three elephants exhibited nocturnal lying rest behavior varied among the elephants, with the oldest elephant exhibiting the least amount (an average of 13.2 ± 2.8% of the nightly behavioral scans) compared to the two younger elephants (an average of 34.5 ± 2.1% and 56.6 ± 2.8% of the nightly behavioral scans). There was a significant increase in lying rest behavior for one elephant and standing rest for a second elephant following renovations. Baseline cortisol concentrations prior to renovations were 3.0 ± 0.4 ng/ml, 4.5 ± 0.5 ng/ml, and 4.9 ± 0.5 ng/ml for the three elephants. Cortisol

Assessment of Flooring Renovations on African Elephant (Loxodonta africana Behavior and Glucocorticoid Response.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Sarah A Boyle

Full Text Available Captive African (Loxodonta africana and Asian (Elephas maximus elephants can experience foot pathologies and arthritis. As a preventative measure against these pathologies and to alleviate the potential discomfort due to concrete substrates, some zoological institutions have renovated elephant housing to increase the amount of natural or shock-absorbent substrates. The objective of this study was to compare behavioral (diurnal and nocturnal and glucorticoid (e.g., serum cortisol responses of three female African elephants before, during, and after renovation to their indoor housing floor to assess whether renovations had short-term effects on the elephants' behavior and stress physiology. Behavioral data were collected using scan-sampling methods, and activity budgets were constructed for each of the three elephants. In addition, the duration of all lying rest activities were recorded. Weekly serum cortisol concentrations were determined with enzyme immunoassay (EIA. Overall, eating was the most prevalent behavior exhibited outdoors during the day, while resting (either in a lying or standing position were most common during the indoor, nocturnal periods. Although variation existed among the three elephants, all three females spent significantly more time walking and less time eating during the day after the completion of the renovations. The extent to which the three elephants exhibited nocturnal lying rest behavior varied among the elephants, with the oldest elephant exhibiting the least amount (an average of 13.2 ± 2.8% of the nightly behavioral scans compared to the two younger elephants (an average of 34.5 ± 2.1% and 56.6 ± 2.8% of the nightly behavioral scans. There was a significant increase in lying rest behavior for one elephant and standing rest for a second elephant following renovations. Baseline cortisol concentrations prior to renovations were 3.0 ± 0.4 ng/ml, 4.5 ± 0.5 ng/ml, and 4.9 ± 0.5 ng/ml for the three elephants

Educación-comunicación-tecnología, un campo emergente: retos y problemas en los escenarios epistemológicos y políticos del mundo actual

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Álvaro Acevedo Tarazona

2008-01-01

Full Text Available La historia de la educación es también una forma de abordar el gran campo de la educación si se asume éste como el devenir de aquellas acciones que se dirigen a modificar la conducta humana mediante la enseñanza de lenguajes y la puesta en ejecución de actividades, operaciones concretas, prácticas (didácticas, tanto en los espacios formales como no formales (la escuela, la universidad. La presente reflexión tiene como propósito dirigir la discusión sobre algunos temas considerados hoy fundamentales en la docencia, sobre todo ante a los nuevos retos que entraña los cambios epistemológicos y las prácticas en la educación. Estos temas son: la crisis del proyecto educativo de la modernidad; la educación-comunicación-tecnología, un campo emergente; la inquietante pregunta por la muerte del libro, la mutación de los desarrollos disciplinarios y, por último, el docente como un agente del cambio social.

Comparative Evaluation of the Nutrients and Phytochemical ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Materials and Methods: The leaves (Ocimum gratissmium and Lasianthera africana) were randomly obtained from Umuahia Main Market and Uyo Central Market, respectively. ... Keywords: Phytochemicals, Ocimum gratissmium, Lasianthera africana proximate composition, mineral composition, Beta-carotene, Vitamin C ...

Antimicrobial activity and probable mechanisms of action of medicinal plants of Kenya: Withania somnifera, Warbugia ugandensis, Prunus africana and Plectrunthus barbatus.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Peter G Mwitari

Full Text Available Withania somnifera, Warbugia ugandensis, Prunus africana and Plectrunthus barbatus are used traditionally in Kenya for treatment of microbial infections and cancer. Information on their use is available, but scientific data on their bioactivity, safety and mechanisms of action is still scanty. A study was conducted on the effect of organic extracts of these plants on both bacterial and fungal strains, and their mechanisms of action. Extracts were evaluated through the disc diffusion assay. Bacteria and yeast test strains were cultured on Mueller-Hinton agar and on Sabouraud dextrose agar for the filamentous fungi. A 0.5 McFarland standard suspension was prepared. Sterile paper discs 6 mm in diameter impregnated with 10 µl of the test extract (100 mg/ml were aseptically placed onto the surface of the inoculated media. Chloramphenicol (30 µg and fluconazole (25 µg were used as standards. Discs impregnated with dissolution medium were used as controls. Activity of the extracts was expressed according to zone of inhibition diameter. MIC was determined at 0.78-100 mg/ml. Safety studies were carried using Cell Counting Kit 8 cell proliferation assay protocol. To evaluate extracts mechanisms of action, IEC-6 cells and RT-PCR technique was employed in vitro to evaluate Interleukin 7 cytokine. Investigated plants extracts have both bactericidal and fungicidal activity. W. ugandensis is cytotoxic at IC50200 µg/ml. Fractions from W. ugandensis and W. somnifera too demonstrated antimicrobial activity. Mechanisms of action can largely be attributed to cytotoxicity, Gene silencing and immunopotentiation. Use of medicinal plants in traditional medicine has been justified and possible mechanisms of action demonstrated. Studies to isolate and characterize the bioactive constituents continue.

Telling Tales of War to Teens: Ignacio Martínez de Pisón's Una guerra africana and Morocco as "Open Wound" in the Spanish National Imaginary

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Silvia Bermúdez

2006-01-01

Full Text Available Exactly ten years after its traumatic defeat in the Spanish-American War of 1898, Spain appeared to find some compensation for the loss of its last colonies by undertaking the invasion of Morocco in 1908. The enterprise proved difficult when the forces of Abd-el-Krim defeated the Spanish army in the summer of 1921. This terrible loss was metaphorized as an "open wound" and entered the collective imagination by becoming a theme in novels such as José Díaz Fernández's El blocao (1928, Ramón Sender's Imán (1930, and Arturo Barea's series La forja de un rebelde (1941-1944. Known as the "Disaster of Annual," the defeat appeared to be almost forgotten until a series of narratives in the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries obsessively returned to this particular moment of Spanish history. I focus on how one such narrative, Martínez de Pisón's Una guerra africana (2000, revisits this war as adolescent literature ("novelas juveniles" and within the literary genre of the "novels of the War in Africa," and by so doing, contributes to the articulation of a Spanish collective identity with the historical memory of the feared Moroccan Other.

LEVANTAMENTO DA FLORA EMERGENTE DE PLANTAS DANINHAS EM SISTEMAS DE COBERTURA DO SOLO SURVEY OF THE WEED EMERGING FLORA IN SOIL COVER SYSTEMS

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Nicolas Bernon

2007-09-01

Full Text Available

O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar a flora emergente de plântulas e plantas daninhas em vários sistemas de cobertura do solo e manejo com: a culturas de cobertura em plantio direto (feijão-de-porco; braquiária; milheto; mucuna cinza; aveia; mucuna rajada; trigo sarraceno; crotalária e b sistemas de cultivo (cultivo mínimo; retirada da cobertura; plantio direto no mato; plantio convencional. A avaliação da flora emergente demonstrou que, dentre as culturas de cobertura, os tratamentos com milheto e braquiária apresentaram baixa incidência de monocotiledôneas (0,66 pl/m², diferenciando-se, entretanto, apenas do plantio convencional (50,33 pl/m². A ocorrência de dicotiledôneas foi inibida quando em presença de crotalária, trigo sarraceno e milheto (1,00; 1,00; 1,33 pl/m², respectivamente, que se diferenciaram dentre as culturas de cobertura, apenas da aveia (18,66 pl/m². Houve uma elevada população de plantas residuais de milheto (130,66 pl/m², estatisticamente superior ao residual das culturas de braquiária, mucuna cinza, mucuna rajada (1,00; 0,00; 0,33 pl/m², respectivamente. Concluiu-se que a cobertura total do solo foi a proporcionada pela braquiária, com eficiente controle de plantas daninhas. O milheto e a crotalária controlaram muito bem as espécies mono e dicotiledôneas, estabelecendo uma boa cobertura do solo. Contudo, a emergência de plântulas de milheto, após o cultivo desta cultura, pode dificultar o manejo para implantação da cultura subseqüente.

PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Sistemas; plantas daninhas; manejo; flora.

The emerging flora of seedlings and weeds in several soil cover systems was studied through: a cover crops under no-tillage (pigpeas; brachiaria; pearl millet; gray mucuna; oats; striped mucuna; saracen wheat; crotalaria and

Analysis of Price Variation and Market Integration of Prosopis ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Analysis of Price Variation and Market Integration of Prosopis Africana (guill. ... select five markets based on the presence of traders selling the commodity in the markets ... T- test result showed that Prosopis africana seed trade is profitable and ...

Em torno das "Diretrizes curriculares nacionais para a educação das relações étnico-raciais e para o ensino de história e cultura afro-brasileira e africana": uma conversa com historiadores

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Martha Abreu

2008-06-01

Full Text Available A partir do crescimento do interesse de professores e secretarias de educação na organização de políticas de combate ao racismo, este artigo procura discutir e apresentar alguns subsídios para a implementação das "Diretrizes curriculares nacionais para o ensino das relações étnico-raciais e de história e cultura afro-brasileira e africana", aprovadas em 2004. Entendemos as "Diretrizes" como uma importante estratégia pedagógica para levar à escola, pela primeira vez, a discussão das relações raciais no Brasil, tantas vezes silenciada ou desqualificada pelas avaliações de que o Brasil era uma democracia racial. Demos especial atenção aos limites e possibilidades de trabalho com os conceitos de cultura afro-brasileira e identidade negra.

2018-04-26T17:44:52Z https://www.ajol.info/index.php/all/oai oai:ojs ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

article/31203 2018-04-26T17:44:52Z ajtcam:ART Acute And Subacute Toxicity Of Aspilia Africana Leaves Taziebou, LC Etoa, F-X Nkegoum, B Pieme, CA Dzeufiet, DPD Aspilia Africana, Asteraceae, toxicities, dose responsiveness. This study was ...

2018-04-27T07:42:46Z https://www.ajol.info/index.php/all/oai oai:ojs ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

article/84776 2018-04-27T07:42:46Z jard:ART Nutritional Composition of the Flour of African Breadfruit (Treculia africana) Seeds Testa Adeyeye, EI Adesina, JA Chemical composition of the African breadfruit (Treculia africana) seeds testa was ...

Effect of domestic cooking on the starch digestibility, predicted glycemic indices, polyphenol contents and alpha amylase inhibitory properties of beans (Phaseolis vulgaris) and breadfruit (Treculia africana).

Science.gov (United States)

Chinedum, E; Sanni, S; Theressa, N; Ebere, A

2018-01-01

The effect of processing on starch digestibility, predicted glycemic indices (pGI), polyphenol contents and alpha amylase inhibitory properties of beans (Phaseolis vulgaris) and breadfruit (Treculia africana) was studied. Total starch ranged from 4.3 to 68.3g/100g, digestible starch ranged from 4.3 to 59.2 to 65.7g/100g for the raw and processed legumes; Resistance starch was not detected in most of the legumes except in fried breadfruit and the starches in both the raw and processed breadfruit were more rapidly digested than those from raw and cooked beans. Raw and processed breadfruit had higher hydrolysis curves than raw and processed beans with the amylolysis level in raw breadfruit close to that of white bread. Raw beans had a low glycemic index (GI); boiled beans and breadfruit had intermediate glycemic indices respectively while raw and fried breadfruit had high glycemic indices. Aqueous extracts of the food samples had weak α-amylase inhibition compared to acarbose. The raw and processed legumes contained considerable amounts of dietary phenols and flavonoids. The significant correlation (r=0.626) between α-amylase inhibitory actions of the legumes versus their total phenolic contents suggests the contribution of the phenolic compounds in these legumes to their α-amylase inhibitory properties. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Julie N. Udensi Ph.D, Prof (Mrs) Virgina W. Dike EXTENT OF ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Keyword: Africana, University Libraries, Post Graduate, Students, Lecturers. ... Africa is endowed with diversity of culture which is the major source ofAfricana, however ... agricultural communication (theses) also buttressed this stating that African .... important role in the effective planning and management of any information.

Transformações globais, potências emergentes e Cooperação Sul-Sul: desafios para a cooperação europeia

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Bruno Ayllón Pino

Full Text Available A União Europeia (UE e seus Estados Membros enfrentam o desafio de adaptar sua política de cooperação para o desenvolvimento a um mundo marcado por rápidas mudanças na criação e distribuição da riqueza e na difusão do poder. A ascensão dos países emergentes, o auge da Cooperação Sul-Sul (CSS, os avanços na luta contra a pobreza em Países de Renda Média (PRM, ou o impacto traumático da crise nos países da Organização para a Cooperação e o Desenvolvimento Econômico (OCDE, são fatores que originarão grandes transformações estruturais e obrigarão uma modificação do sentido e da prática da cooperação europeia. A negociação das perspectivas financeiras para 2014-2020 e a reforma nos instrumentos de cooperação da Comissão Europeia (CE constituem uma primeira resposta a essas mudanças. O maior interesse demonstrado pela CSS em alguns Estados Membros e o desencadeamento de iniciativas de cooperação triangular com países como o Brasil representam um sinal da busca de horizontalidade e complementaridade na cooperação europeia com os países latino-americanos.

Sunbirds hover at flowers of Salvia and Lycium | Wester | Ostrich ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Here I present detailed observations of foraging behaviour in two sunbird species (Malachite Sunbird Nectarinia famosa and Southern Double-collared Sunbird Cinnyris chalybeus) at flowers of three Salvia species (Salvia africana-lutea, S. lanceolata and S. africana-caerulea; Lamiaceae) and one natural hybrid as well as ...

The immunotoxicity of Dicerothamnus rhinocerotis and Galenia ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

This paper describes the immunotoxicity of extracts of D. rhinocerotis and G. africana on mouse spleenocytes. Spleen cell cultures were prepared and exposed to varying concentrations of D. rhinocerotis and G. africana. Control cultures were exposed to the DMSO vehicle only. Results obtained showed that both D.

In vitro antimicrobial and phytochemical properties of crude extract ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

STORAGESEVER

2008-10-20

Oct 20, 2008 ... concentration of 25 mg/ml against twenty-one of the bacterial isolates, ... Key words: Afzelia africana, antimicrobial, phytochemical properties, ... A. africana mixed with millet beer has been found to ..... effects, cytostatic and antioxidant properties (Hodek et .... Role of plant polyphenols in genomic stability.

Genes, visibilidad mediática y discursos emergentes. Análisis semántico-pragmático de notas cortas

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Alicia Pineda

2015-04-01

Full Text Available Se analizó una nota corta sobre “descubrimiento de genes” para develar recursos y estrategias utilizadas por el emisor del mensaje para llegar al público meta. Se aplicó el enfoque integrado semántico-pragmático del discurso combinado con el análisis semiodiscursivo. Los resultados muestran en cada fase del enfoque seleccionado los mecanismos que contribuyen con la reducción de la complejidad de la información cuando se utiliza el lenguaje con fines comunicativos. Las conclusiones son las siguientes: 1. La nota corta es un género discursivo híbrido que se mueve entre los discursos referido y comentado. 2. El análisis devela la complementariedad entre tradicionales estrategias lingüístico-discursivas y las emergentes que rescatan la visibilización de los procesos colectivos y de equipo en la realización de las actividades de investigación y desarrollo y que describen, explican y argumentan sobre procesos de investigación y no solo sobre sus productos. 3. El plan discursivo de la nota corta muestra, fundamentalmente, que la combinación de recursos y estrategias obedeció a la finalidad de lograr: (a el mantenimiento del referente. (b “hacer creer” o persuadir sobre los resultados obtenidos mediante la creación de “efecto de verdad”, que se cumple mediante la estrategia de argumentación, en un intento por lograr credibilidad en el receptor. c la integración semántica-pragmática del discurso y el diseño de planes discursivos puede favorecer la comunicación pública de la ciencia y la tecnología en las organizaciones que gestionan la ciencia, tecnología e innovación

Combining ability of elephant grass based on nutritional characters

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Vanessa Quitete Ribeiro da Silva

2014-03-01

Full Text Available The objective of the work was to evaluate the effects of general combining ability (CGC of the parents and specific combining ability (CEC in the elephant grass hybrids by diallel analysis adapted to partial diallel crosses based on nutritional characters. Sixteen hybrids and eight parents in a randomized block design with three replications were evaluated. The study considered percentage of dry matter (%DM, ash (%ASH, crude protein (%CP and neutral detergent fiber (NDF. There were significant differences among genotypes for the traits evaluated, with a predominance of dominance gene effect. Based on CGC, the best parents were Taiwan A-144, Vruckwona Africana e Taiwan A-146. The best intersections based on CEC were Taiwan A-144 x Taiwan A-146, Vruckwona Africana x Taiwan A-146, Vruckwona Africana x Mercker S.E.A., Vruckwona Africana x Napier nº2 e Pusa Napier nº2 x Mercker Santa Rita.

Assessment of Body Condition in African (Loxodonta africana and Asian (Elephas maximus Elephants in North American Zoos and Management Practices Associated with High Body Condition Scores.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Kari A Morfeld

Full Text Available Obesity has a negative effect on health and welfare of many species, and has been speculated to be a problem for zoo elephants. To address this concern, we assessed the body condition of 240 elephants housed in North American zoos based on a set of standardized photographs using a 5-point Body Condition Score index (1 = thinnest; 5 = fattest. A multi-variable regression analysis was then used to determine how demographic, management, housing, and social factors were associated with an elevated body condition score in 132 African (Loxodonta africana and 108 Asian (Elephas maximus elephants. The highest BCS of 5, suggestive of obesity, was observed in 34% of zoo elephants. In both species, the majority of elephants had elevated BCS, with 74% in the BCS 4 (40% and 5 (34% categories. Only 22% of elephants had BCS 3, and less than 5% of the population was assigned the lowest BCS categories (BCS 1 and 2. The strongest multi-variable model demonstrated that staff-directed walking exercise of 14 hours or more per week and highly unpredictable feeding schedules were associated with decreased risk of BCS 4 or 5, while increased diversity in feeding methods and being female was associated with increased risk of BCS 4 or 5. Our data suggest that high body condition is prevalent among North American zoo elephants, and management strategies that help prevent and mitigate obesity may lead to improvements in welfare of zoo elephants.

HPLC quantification of phenolic content and assessment of ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

The study was aimed at evaluating the toxicological and antioxidant activities of Antiaris africana Engl. (family Moraceae), that is used in Nigeria and other West Africa countries as a panacea for the treatment of several ailments. The methanolic extract of A. africana (MEA) obtained was analysed for antioxidant activities in ...

Evaluation of hypoglycaemic and hypolipidaemic effects of aqueous ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

STORAGESEVER

2008-08-04

Aug 4, 2008 ... effects of aqueous ethanolic extracts of Treculia africana ... Plasma sugar contents were analyzed from the blood collected from the tail vein at 30, 60 and 120 min intervals .... This measures the body's ability to metabolize carbohydrates and produce .... vation supported the local use of the T. africana and B.

Author Details

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Asiegbu, CP. Vol 10, No 1&2 (2009) - Articles Continuous-flow depulping machine for Treculia Africana Abstract PDF · Vol 10, No 1-2 (2011) - Articles Continuous-Flow Depulping Machine for Treculia Africana Abstract PDF. ISSN: 1596-292X. AJOL African Journals Online. HOW TO USE AJOL... for Researchers · for ...

La observación reflexiva y su papel en la incorporación de Tecnologías Emergentes en el aula

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Edgar Andrés Sosa Neira

2018-06-01

Full Text Available El objetivo de este trabajo es describir cómo la observación reflexiva puede mejorar la práctica de los docentes de los colegios oficiales de Bogotá-Colombia cuando incorporan tecnologías emergentes en el aula a través del ciclo reflexivo de Gibbs, el cual guía al docente a realizar un proceso de reflexión sistemático y dinámico a través de seis fases (descripción, sentimientos, evaluación, análisis, conclusiones y plan de acción. Se realizó una investigación cualitativa con alcance descriptivo, la muestra fue de 38 docentes y para el análisis de los datos se utilizó la técnica de análisis de contenido y la codificación se realizó de manera abierta y axial. Al aplicar las fases del ciclo reflexivo de Gibbs los docentes reconocieron y comprendieron que en toda experiencia se encuentran aspectos positivos y elementos a mejorar para próximas implementaciones lo cual les permite ir transformando su práctica y así generar ambientes de aprendizaje significativos donde se potencializan los aspectos positivos y se reduzcan los negativos. Además, la observación reflexiva promueve el aprendizaje permanente, la capacidad de tomar decisiones y se convierte en una oportunidad para el desarrollo profesional docente. Algunas recomendaciones para futuras experiencias de incorporación de tecnología en el aula es realizar un aprestamiento y reforzamiento tecnológico, una caracterización tecnológica, una puesta a punto de la tecnología a utilizar, prever inconvenientes y entender que la tecnología no es el fin sino un medio para ayudar a mejorar los procesos de enseñanza y aprendizaje.

Phylogenetic relationships in the genus Leonardoxa (Leguminosae: Caesalpinioideae) inferred from chloroplast trnL intron and trnL-trnF intergenic spacer sequences.

Science.gov (United States)

Brouat, Carine; Gielly, Ludovic; McKey, Doyle

2001-01-01

The African genus LEONARDOXA: (Leguminosae: Caesalpinioideae) comprises two Congolean species and a group of four mostly allopatric subspecies principally located in Cameroon and clustered together in the L. africana complex. LEONARDOXA: provides a good opportunity to investigate the evolutionary history of ant-plant mutualisms, as it exhibits various grades of ant-plant interactions from diffuse to obligate and symbiotic associations. We present in this paper the first molecular phylogenetic study of this genus. We sequenced both the chloroplast DNA trnL intron (677 aligned base pairs [bp]) and trnL-trnF intergene spacer (598 aligned bp). Inferred phylogenetic relationships suggested first that the genus is paraphyletic. The L. africana complex is clearly separated from the two Congolean species, and the integrity of the genus is thus in question. In the L. africana complex, our data showed a lack of congruence between clades suggested by morphological and chloroplast characters. This, and the low level of molecular divergence found between subspecies, suggests gene flow and introgressive events in the L. africana complex.

The in-vitro antimicrobial activities of some medicinal plants from Cameroon.

Science.gov (United States)

Gangoué-Piéboji, J; Pegnyemb, D E; Niyitegeka, D; Nsangou, A; Eze, N; Minyem, C; Mbing, J Ngo; Ngassam, P; Tih, R Ghogomu; Sodengam, B L; Bodo, B

2006-04-01

The antimicrobial activities of 10 plant species (Voacanga africana, Crepis cameroonica, Plagiostyles africana, Crotalaria retusa, Mammea africana, Lophira lanceolata, Ochna afzelii, Ouratea elongata, Ou. flava and Ou. sulcata), each of which is currently used in the traditional medicine of Cameroon, were investigated in vitro. The activities of a methanol extract of each plant were tested, in disc-diffusion assays, against 37 reference or laboratory strains of seven species of microorganism (Staphylococcus aureus, S. epidermidis, Enterococcus hirae, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans). The minimal inhibitory concentrations of each extract were then estimated, against each of the more susceptible microorganisms (i.e. those giving an inhibition zone measuring at least 9 mm in diameter in the disc-diffusion assays), by agar dilution. Although, in the disc-diffusion assays, each of the 10 methanol extracts investigated displayed some degree of antimicrobial activity against at least one species of microorganism, no activity against the Gram-negative bacteria (Es. coli, K. pneumoniae and Ps. aeruginosa) was observed. The extract with the greatest antimicrobial activity was that of Pl. africana (Euphorbiaceae).

In Vitro Antibacterial Potential of Extracts of Sterculia africana, Acacia sieberiana, and Cassia abbreviata ssp. abbreviata Used by Yellow Baboons (Papio cynocephalus for Possible Self-Medication in Mikumi National Park, Tanzania

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Irene Kirabo

2018-01-01

Full Text Available The animals in general and nonhuman primates in particular self-medication has been widely reported; however, little is still known about the pharmacological activity of the extracts present in their daily diet. The in vitro antibacterial activity of the stem, root bark, and leaf extracts of three selected plants on which yellow baboons feed in unusual manner in Mikumi National Park, Tanzania, was evaluated. Crude plant extracts were tested against Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria of medical and veterinary importance employing a modified agar well diffusion method and Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC technique. The lowest MIC value for Gram positive strains was 0.31 mg/ml demonstrated by Cassia abbreviata ssp. abbreviata against Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923. The highest susceptibility to the ethanol plant extracts was exhibited by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus, examples of microbes that affect both human and nonhuman primates. These findings demonstrate that the plant extracts from Sterculia africana, Acacia sieberiana, and Cassia abbreviata ssp. abbreviata have antibacterial activity and may be used as feed for their prophylactic benefits. Remarkably, the lowest MIC of 0.16 mg/ml was only 16-fold weaker than Gentamicin, a standard drug.

QUAFRINOIC ACIDS: TWO NEW TRITERPENIODS FROM ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

From the stem bark of Quassia africana, two new triterpenoids with the ursolic acid skeleton, characterized as 3-oxo-urs-12-en-27a, 28di-oic acid and its dihydro derivative, 3β-urs-12-en-27α, 28di-oic acid have been isolated. The structures were determined using spectroscopic techniques. KEY WORDS: Quassia africana; ...

Development and evaluation of a threshing machine for Prosopis ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

A decorticating machine for Prosopis Africana was developed, tested and evaluated. Prosopis Africana is popular in the Sub-Saharan Africa, with all the parts of the tree useful for medicinal purposes. This study focuses on the threshing of the pod to obtain the seed, which is the most widely used of the parts of the Prosopis ...

Desafios da Sociologia da Infância: uma área emergente Challenges of the Sociology of Infancy: an emergent area

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Cleber Fabiano da Silva

2009-04-01

Full Text Available Este ensaio teórico discute os desafios da Sociologia da Infância na contemporaneidade como uma área emergente para se pensar a prática docente com crianças. Para tanto, aborda as mudanças que ocorreram ao longo do tempo. Em cada momento histórico e social há influências contextuais das produções sobre a temática, portanto, tais mudanças são absorvidas de modos diversos, dependendo de cada um desses períodos. Neste sentido, é necessário um olhar atento para a heterogeneidade das experiências sociais e das expressões culturais que introduzem novas lógicas de ação no cerne das transformações em curso nas sociedades contemporâneas, especialmente em relação à infância. A partir de dados recentes de duas pesquisas sobre formação de professoras da educação infantil, refletimos sobre um novo olhar que aborde as crianças também como atores sociais e as especificidades da docência de zero a seis anos.This essay discusses the theoretical challenges of the contemporary sociology of childhood as an emerging field to think about the practice of teaching children. To do so, it addresses the changes that have occurred over time. In each historical and social moment there are contextual influences of production on the subject, so these changes are absorbed in different ways, depending on each of these periods. In this sense, we need a watchful eye to the heterogeneity of social experiences and cultural expressions that introduce new logic of action at the heart of the ongoing transformations in contemporary societies, especially in relation to childhood. From recent data from two surveys on the training of kindergarten teachers, we reflect on a new look to raise children also as social actors, and the specificities of teaching children from zero to six years old.

CONEXÕES ENTRE PESQUISA E ASSISTÊNCIA: DESAFIOS EMERGENTES PARA A CIÊNCIA, A INOVAÇÃO E A TECNOLOGIA NA ENFERMAGEM

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ítalo Rodolfo Silva

2017-01-01

Full Text Available Objetivo: comprender los significados que permean las conexiones entre la producción/resultados de investigación y el proceso de trabajo de la enfermería en el ámbito asistencial. Método: investigación del tipo explicativa, de abordaje cualitativo que tuvo como referenciales teórico y metodológico, respectivamente, la Teoría de la Complejidad y la Teoría Fundamentada en los Datos. Los datos fueron recolectados con 25 sujetos, distribuidos en tres grupos muestrales: diez enfermeros asistenciales, vinculados a un hospital universitario; seis enfermeros investigadores y nueve estudiantes de grado en enfermería. La entrevista semiestructurada fue utilizada como técnica de recolección de datos. La investigación fue validada por diez jueces de diferentes regiones de Brasil. La investigación fue validada por diez jueces de diferentes regiones de Brasil. Resultados: se presenta la categoría: Enfrentando desafíos emergentes de la enfermería en la era de la Ciencia, la Innovación y la Tecnología, basada en las subcategorías: Puntos de partida para una enfermería contextualizada: de la producción científica al consumo de resultados de investigación; Conexiones fragilizadas entre producción científica y práctica asistencial de la enfermería. Conclusión: los sistemas de significados que influencian las conexiones entre investigación científica y práctica asistencial de la enfermería son estructurados y fortalecidos por fenómenos plurales, entre los cuales están las inflexiones negativas del proceso de comunicación, presencia y pertenencia de los pares, entre quien produce investigación y quién puede consumirla.

NEW GEOPOLITICS, CHURCHES AND PEOPLE WITHOUT RELIGION: RELIGIOUS ANARCHY IN BRASIL?

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Alberto Pereira dos Santos

2013-04-01

Full Text Available Quais as relações entre geopolítica e religião? Esta indagação se constitui como uma das questões centrais deste trabalho que visa refletir acerca dos aspectos políticos das igrejas, enquanto estrutura de poder religioso, e suas relações com as populações religiosas no território brasileiro. Nossa hipótese considera que as igrejas exercem geopolíticas para manter e expandir o “capital religioso”. A análise geográfica da realidade brasileira identifica evidências de um processo lento e fecundo de metamorfose das religiosidades através da emancipação espiritual e do crescimento da população religiosa sem religião, fenômeno que se configura filosoficamente como anarquia religiosa no Brasil.

¿Cómo gestionar un destino turístico emergente y vivir para contarlo? Construcción de una estrategia competitiva a partir de la complejidad territorial de una ciudad capital: el caso de Tuxtla Gutiérrez

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jorge Humberto Trujillo

2008-11-01

Full Text Available Ante un incremento de la competencia debido a la aparición de más destinos emergentes en México, una ciudad capital en proceso de metropolización como Tuxtla Gutiérrez, se prepara para iniciar un proceso de desarrollo turístico complejo a partir de la consideración de aspectos territoriales (físicos, sociales y económicos entendidos como producto social, a manera de características esenciales que le diferencian y le puede posicionar como competitivo en función de la capacidad de sus agentes sociales para favorecer y facilitar experiencias turísticas satisfactorias. En este sentido, el presente informe es el resultado preliminar de un ejercicio dialéctico que ha combinado estudios de posgrado en alta gestión de destinos turísticos y la experiencia de dirigir la oficina de turismo durante 18 meses.

Rickettsiosis, una enfermedad letal emergente y re-emergente en Colombia

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Juan David Rodas González

2012-04-01

Full Text Available Rickettsiosis: a deadly emerging and re-emerging disease in Colombia. Rickettsiosis was first described in Colombia in 1937 byDr Luis Patiño during an outbreak of a disease with unspecific signs. Rickettsia is a genus of Gram-negative intracellular obligatorybacteria having caused several epidemics around the world, and are transmitted mainly by ticks, fleas, lice and mites. The most fatalwithin this group of diseases is known as Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever (RMSF, which is caused by Rickettsia rickettsia. There is alsothe endemic typhus caused by Rickettsia typhi and epidemic typhus caused by Rickettsia prowazekii. In Colombia, several outbreaks ofRMSF have occurred during the last decade. The best known among those have hit the municipalities of Necoclí and Turbo, in Antioquiain 2006 and 2008 respectively, and Los Cordobas in the department of Cordoba in 2007. The goal of this review is to describe the state ofthe art of rickettsiosis, a forgotten lethal disease that has re-emerged in our country, and leave some questions as an inspiration for future research that will hopefully lead scientists to a better understanding of this entity potentially endemic in some areas of Colombia.

Resenha crítica - a literatura convencional sobre crises financeiras nos países "emergentes": os modelos desenvolvidos nos anos 90

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Daniela Magalhães Prates

2005-06-01

Full Text Available As sucessivas crises financeiras dos países "emergentes", na segunda metade dos anos 90, despertaram o interesse dos economistas do mainstream, uma vez que os modelos de crises cambiais de primeira geração, desenvolvidos nos anos 80, revelaram-se insuficientes para a compreensão destes eventos. Nesse contexto, foram desenvolvidos novos modelos que incorporaram, como condicionantes destas crises, fatos estilizados, que têm caracterizado o sistema financeiro internacional contemporâneo, dentre os quais os ataques especulativos auto-realizáveis e o comportamento de manada dos investidores estrangeiros. Este artigo pretende apresentar as principais características desses novos modelos. Primeiramente, apresentam-se os modelos desenvolvidos após a crise mexicana, que seguiram a tradição dos modelos de segunda geração desenvolvidos após a crise do Sistema Monetário Europeu. Em seguida, são examinados os modelos que surgem após a crise asiática, denominados "modelos de terceira geração", nos quais a crise cambial está intrinsecamente associada a uma crise bancária. Seguem-se algumas considerações finais.In the 90s, the succession of financial crises in the so called "emergent countries", with characteristics that haven't been considered by the first-generation models of exchange crises developed in the 80s, was followed by the emergency of new models of exchange crisis. The purpose of this article is to present these models, which have introduced in their analytical framework new elements, how the self-fulfilling expectations and the volatility of the capital flows. Firstly, we analyze the models developed after the Mexican crise, which have followed the tradition of the second-generation models that emerged after the European monetary system crise. Secondly, we examine the models developed after the Asian crise, labeled "third generation models", in which the exchange crise is intrinsically linked with a banking crise. We end up

821-IJBCS-Article-Dr Fatimata Niang-Diop

African Journals Online (AJOL)

DR GATSING

Contraintes de régénération naturelle de Prosopis africana : facteurs affectant la germination des graines ... Prosopis africana fait partie des espèces ligneuses confrontées à un problème de régénération naturelle dans la forêt de Fathala. In situ, une ..... et les expose à certains risques tels que l'infestation et la prédation ...

Increasing the Odds: Applying Emergentist Theory in Language Intervention

Science.gov (United States)

Poll, Gerard H.

2011-01-01

Purpose: This review introduces emergentism, which is a leading theory of language development that states that language ability is the product of interactions between the child's language environment and his or her learning capabilities. The review suggests ways in which emergentism provides a theoretical rationale for interventions that are…

New ways in public innovation?

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Aagaard, Peter

Offentlige ledere oplever en stigende efterspørgsel på innovation. En af de lovende tilgange til innovation er emergente strategisk ledelse. Ifølge litteraturen formes de institutionelle drivkræfter og barrierer bag de emergente strategiske mønstre af de to dominerende modeller for offentlig lede...

Reproductive Health Assessment of Female Elephants in North American Zoos and Association of Husbandry Practices with Reproductive Dysfunction in African Elephants (Loxodonta africana.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Janine L Brown

Full Text Available As part of a multi-institutional study of zoo elephant welfare, we evaluated female elephants managed by zoos accredited by the Association of Zoos and Aquariums and applied epidemiological methods to determine what factors in the zoo environment are associated with reproductive problems, including ovarian acyclicity and hyperprolactinemia. Bi-weekly blood samples were collected from 95 African (Loxodonta africana and 75 Asian (Elephas maximus (8-55 years of age elephants over a 12-month period for analysis of serum progestogens and prolactin. Females were categorized as normal cycling (regular 13- to 17-week cycles, irregular cycling (cycles longer or shorter than normal or acyclic (baseline progestogens, <0.1 ng/ml throughout, and having Low/Normal (<14 or 18 ng/ml or High (≥14 or 18 ng/ml prolactin for Asian and African elephants, respectively. Rates of normal cycling, acyclicity and irregular cycling were 73.2, 22.5 and 4.2% for Asian, and 48.4, 37.9 and 13.7% for African elephants, respectively, all of which differed between species (P < 0.05. For African elephants, univariate assessment found that social isolation decreased and higher enrichment diversity increased the chance a female would cycle normally. The strongest multi-variable models included Age (positive and Enrichment Diversity (negative as important factors of acyclicity among African elephants. The Asian elephant data set was not robust enough to support multi-variable analyses of cyclicity status. Additionally, only 3% of Asian elephants were found to be hyperprolactinemic as compared to 28% of Africans, so predictive analyses of prolactin status were conducted on African elephants only. The strongest multi-variable model included Age (positive, Enrichment Diversity (negative, Alternate Feeding Methods (negative and Social Group Contact (positive as predictors of hyperprolactinemia. In summary, the incidence of ovarian cycle problems and hyperprolactinemia predominantly

una sociedad emergente

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Derlisiret Rincón M.

2006-01-01

Full Text Available Este trabajo busca reflexionar por una parte acerca del papel de la ciencia, la tecnología y la educación, como factores de desarrollo de las naciones e intenta responder la interrogante en torno al cómo estas variables contribuirán a la transformación de la realidad social venezolana. Los planteamientos expuestos en este artículo forman parte de una investigación cualitativa que se sustenta en una revisión teórica cuyos resultados indican que existe la posibilidad cierta de construir y alcanzar una Venezuela virtual en los próximos años; es decir, se vislumbra un país interconectado y funcionando a través de redes cuyos individuos estarían capacitados y entrenados en el uso y usufructo de las nuevas tecnologías. Esta visión de país, se basa en la premisa de que la oportuna implementación de la Planificación de Ciencia y Tecnología resultaría instrumento de vinculación de las variables tecnológicas, educativas y científicas, que permiten obtener conocimientos especializados y orientados a la solución de problemas de creciente dimensión global. Tales conocimientos, pudieran generar los cambios sustanciales necesarios en el contexto nacional, para lograr modificar o disminuir el sentido de crecimiento de la brecha o divisoria digital en este entorno

Loxodonta africana (Blumenbach)

African Journals Online (AJOL)

lose-content of the diet of ruminants and non-ruminants. The elephant, like the equidae, exists on a diet with a high cellulose content, and the length of the intestinal canal from the stomach to the ..... Studies on the evolution of the ophryoscolecidae. (Ciliata:Oligotricha) III. Phylogeny of the Ophryoscolecidae based on.

Effects of GnRH vaccination in wild and captive African Elephant bulls (Loxodonta africana on reproductive organs and semen quality.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Imke Lueders

Full Text Available Although the African elephant (Loxodonta africana is classified as endangered by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN, in some isolated habitats in southern Africa, contraception is of major interest due to local overpopulation. GnRH vaccination has been promoted as a non-invasive contraceptive measure for population management of overabundant wildlife. We tested the efficacy of this treatment for fertility control in elephant bulls.In total, 17 male African elephants that were treated with a GnRH vaccine were examined in two groups. In the prospective study group 1 (n = 11 bulls, ages: 8-36 years, semen quality, the testes, seminal vesicles, ampullae and prostate, which were all measured by means of transrectal ultrasound, and faecal androgen metabolite concentrations were monitored over a three-year period. Each bull in the prospective study received 5 ml of Improvac® (1000 μg GnRH conjugate intramuscularly after the first examination, followed by a booster six weeks later and thereafter every 5-7 months. In a retrospective study group (group 2, n = 6, ages: 19-33 years, one examination was performed on bulls which had been treated with GnRH vaccine for 5-11 years.In all bulls of group 1, testicular and accessory sex gland sizes decreased significantly after the third vaccination. In six males examined prior to vaccination and again after more than five vaccinations, the testis size was reduced by 57.5%. Mean testicular height and length decreased from 13.3 ± 2.6 cm x 15.2 ± 2.8 cm at the beginning to 7.6 ± 2.1 cm x 10.2 ± 1.8 cm at the end of the study. Post pubertal bulls (>9 years, n = 6 examined prior to vaccination produced ejaculates with viable spermatozoa (volume: 8-175 ml, sperm concentration: 410-4000x106/ml, total motility: 0-90%, while after 5-8 injections, only 50% of these bulls produced ejaculates with a small number of immotile spermatozoa. The ejaculates of group 2 bulls (vaccinated >8 times were

Las implicaciones macroeconómicas de las nuevas regulaciones bancarias con respecto al capital en mercados emergentes: un modelo de duopolio adaptado a bancos aversos al riesgo.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Sebastian Nieto Parra

2010-05-01

Full Text Available Con el propósito de analizar el impacto de la nueva regulación de capital de bancos (Basilea II sobre el ciclo económico de una economía emergente, desarrollo un modelo de duopolio compuesto por bancos locales y extranjeros. Los principales resultados son: por medio de la nueva regulación de capital, la evaluación del riesgo crediticio realizada por un banco internacional en un país, no sólo afecta a los préstamos totales de ese país sino también a los activos totales otorgados en otros países. Segundo, cuando los bancos son aversos al riesgo y a medida que la diversificación del portafolio aumenta, el cambio en los préstamos concedidos en un país por un banco internacional como proporción de la inversión inicial, así como el nivel de los prestamos totales de ese país, pueden resultar fuertemente afectados por el comportamiento de un banco que sigue sólo “noticias” a través de la nueva regulación de capital. Finalmente, incluso cuando la diversificación del portafolio crece sin  límite, la implicación macroeconómica de un cambio en la estimación del riesgo crediticio debida a la nueva regulación de capital, aumenta a medida que los bancos son menos aversos al  riesgo.

Territorios emergentes, periferias en cambio. Análisis histórico de procesos de radical transformación urbana en Huechuraba, periferia norte de Santiago de Chile.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Mg. Arq. Carmín Angélica Rodríguez Soto

2015-12-01

Full Text Available En la mayoría de las periferias urbanas de las grandes ciudades es posible observar procesos de cambio radical. Espacios que tradicionalmente se consideraban periféricos, emergen como nuevos hábitat para estratos sociales altos, albergando funciones urbanas de carácter central. A pesar de la globalidad del fenómeno, sus efectos siguen siendo locales, por ello esta investigación aborda un caso de estudio en pleno proceso de mutación: la comuna de Huechuraba, en Santiago de Chile. Para conocer estos cambios, se utilizaron tres herramientas metodológicas: a exploración de la historia urbana de la comuna; b análisis de la interrelación entre hitos históricos y aumento de superfcies; y c análisis territorial de indicadores económicos. Todo ello apoyado por la utilización de un Sistema de Información Geográfca. De la aplicación de las herramientas metodológicas se pudo concluir que Huechuraba se encuentra en un proceso de centralización emergente a raíz del emplazamiento de funciones urbanas y artefactos arquitectónicos nunca antes vistos en el sector, lo que conllevaría procesos de homogenización de usos y tejidos urbanos de la comuna. Estos nuevos tejidos se encuentran en plena expansión, lo que produciría estancamiento de los empobrecidos barrios fundacionales y aumento en la polarización social del área de análisis.

Explicación de las disparidades raciales en la salud neonatal en Brasil

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Kwame A. Nyarko

2014-04-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVOS: Buscamos cuantificar la manera en que los efectos socioeconómicos, demográficos, geográficos y de atención de salud explican las disparidades raciales en las tasas de bajo peso al nacer y prematuridad en Brasil. MÉTODOS: Utilizamos una muestra de 8 949 niños nacidos entre 1995 y el 2009 en 15 ciudades y 7 provincias de Brasil. Nos centramos en las disparidades en la prevalencia de bajo peso al nacer (< 2 500 g y prematuridad (< 37 semanas de gestación en recién nacidos de ascendencia solo africana o mezclada con otras ascendencias y de ascendencia solo europea. Usamos un modelo de descomposición para cuantificar la contribución de los factores conceptualmente pertinentes a esas disparidades. RESULTADOS: El modelo permitió explicar entre 45% y 94% de las disparidades en cuanto al bajo peso al nacer y entre 64% y 94% de las disparidades en cuanto a la prematuridad entre los grupos de ascendencia africana y de ascendencia europea. Las diferencias en el uso de atención prenatal y en la ubicación geográfica fueron los factores más importantes, seguidos por las diferencias socioeconómicas. El modelo permitió explicar la mayoría de las disparidades en los recién nacidos de ascendencia africana mezclada y parte de las disparidades en los de ascendencia solo africana. CONCLUSIONES: En las políticas públicas para mejorar la salud infantil se deben abordar las diferencias en cuanto a la atención prenatal y la ubicación geográfica a fin de reducir las disparidades en materia de salud entre los recién nacidos de ascendencia africana y los de ascendencia europea en Brasil.

Luanda e Maputo: inflexões suburbanísticas da cidade socialista à cidade-metrópole neoliberal Luanda and Maputo: sub-urbanistic inflections from the socialist city to the neoliberal metropolis city

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Vanessa Melo

2012-12-01

Full Text Available Luanda e Maputo, duas capitais africanas da lusofonia, são marcadas por crescentes desigualdades socioespaciais.Os centros urbanizados dessas urbes, traçados pela e para a sociedade colonial e onde hoje reside a maioria da população de maiores recursos, distinguem-se dos densos e extensos subúrbios habitacionais suburbanizados, onde outrora residia a sociedade colonizada e hoje se acantona a população de menores recursos. Nos primeiros anos de independência, em contexto de ideologia de inspiração socialista, economia planificada e planeamento centralizado, ambos os países visaram diminuir as desigualdades socioespaciais herdadas do colonialismo, intervindo nos subúrbios. A partir de finais da década de 80 do século XX, com o início da liberalização econômica e política, que levou, em Moçambique, à descentralização (ainda emergente em Angola, surgem novos actores, indutores de diferentes modelos de cidade e de fazer cidade, diversificando-se os tipos de intervenções suburbanas. A explosão, segregação e complexidade socioespacial desses subúrbios tem-se intensificado com a adopção do modelo de cidade neoliberal, competitiva e desigual.Tomando como referência esses dois grandes períodos sociopolíticos e urbanísticos, este artigo restitui,num olhar cruzado e crítico, diferentes tipos de intervenção nos subúrbios habitacionais semiurbanizados.O seu principal objectivo é reflectir sobre a circulação de influências e os paradigmas suburbanísticos em que se inscrevem.

Evolution of finger millet: evidence from random amplified polymorphic DNA.

Science.gov (United States)

Hilu, K W

1995-04-01

Finger millet (Eleusine coracana ssp. coracana) is an annual tetraploid member of a predominantly African genus. The crop is believed to have been domesticated from the tetraploid E. coracana ssp. africana. Cytogenetic and isozyme data point to the allopolyploid nature of the species and molecular information has shown E. indica to be one of the genomic donors. A recent isozyme study questioned the proposed phylogenetic relationship between finger millet and its direct ancestor subspecies africana. An approach using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) was employed in this study to examine genetic diversity and to evaluate hypotheses concerning the evolution of domesticated and wild annual species of Eleusine. Unlike previous molecular approaches, the RAPD study revealed genetic diversity in the crop. The pattern of genetic variation was loosely correlated to geographic distribution. The allotetraploid nature of the crop was confirmed and molecular markers that can possibly identify the other genomic donor were proposed. Genotypes of subspecies africana did not group closely with those of the crop but showed higher affinities to E. indica, reflecting the pattern of similarity revealed by the isozyme study. The multiple origin of subspecies africana could explain the discrepancy between the isozyme-RAPD evidence and previous information. The RAPD study showed the close genetic affinity of E. tristachya to the E. coracana--E. indica group and understood the distinctness of E. multiflora.

Aprendizagem Tecnológica e Inovação Industrial em Economias Emergentes: uma Breve Contribuição para o Desenho e Implementação de Estudos Empíricos e Estratégias no Brasil

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Paulo N. Figueiredo

2004-01-01

tecnológica no contexto de economias emergentes; a segunda é apresentar métricas associadas à operacionalização de tais estudos e estratégias, particularmente no Brasil. Espera-se com isso contribuir para ampliar a compreensão sobre o intricado processo de desenvolvimento tecnológico na indústria, no contexto de economias emergentes e, assim, auxiliar pesquisadores e gestores envolvidos com a gestão da inovação industrial no Brasil.

Cambios cognitivos en la forma de explicar la historia en estudiantes de quinto grado

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Claudia Patricia Navarro Roldán

2016-01-01

Full Text Available Objetivo. Identificar la manera en que los estudiantes transforman el modelo explicativo de la historia, a partir de una secuencia de aprendizaje de seis sesiones de clase, basada en la teoría de la complejidad. Método. Se seleccionaron por conveniencia 21 estudiantes de quinto grado, a quienes se les enseñaron las propiedades ontológicas emergentes que explican las relaciones multinivel de la violencia bipartidista y sus diferencias con las propiedades ontológicas directas. Se codificó la presencia o la ausencia de las propiedades ontológicas emergentes y directas en las producciones escritas de los estudiantes (n = 126, y se analizó cualitativamente la forma en la que se generaron las transformaciones en el reconocimiento y el uso de los atributos ontológicos que configuraron o no un cambio conceptual para explicar la historia. Resultados. Los estudiantes usaron y articularon piezas o atributos ontológicos de dos modelos explicativos (directo y emergente, y se identificaron tres tipos de transformación en la comprensión de la historia durante las sesiones. Conclusión. Aunque los estudiantes no lograron identificar todas las propiedades emergentes como un conjunto coherente de conocimiento, se encontró que articularon atributos directos y emergentes para explicar la historia, lo cual generó sesgos en la comprensión del fenómeno histórico.

La literatura autobiográfica africana escrita por mujeres: contratos de lectura. The African autobiographical literature written by women: reading contracts

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Elena Cuasante

2014-11-01

Full Text Available El presente trabajo parte de la idea de que el estudio de los géneros literarios exige considerar no solo los rasgos formales del texto, sino también las diferentes modalidades contractuales susceptibles de aparecer en su recepción. Dicho de otro modo, un texto solo se integra en un género de escritura concreto cuando es reconocido como tal por parte del destinatario, operación que, aunque comporta ciertos conocimientos teóricos, es de carácter pragmático. El lector será quien, de manera individual, y apoyándose en todos los datos que tiene a su alcance, decida el modo de lectura que le resulta más apropiado. En este trabajo intentaremos ilustrar este proceso analizando un corpus de textos autobiográficos pertenecientes a la primera generación de escritoras africanas de expresión francesa, elección que pretende satisfacer al mismo tiempo los criterios de cohesión (todas las escritoras comparten un mismo contexto socio-histórico y de representatividad, pues pensamos que nuestras conclusiones son trasladables a otros corpus similares, en particular a los que se derivan de las denominadas “literaturas emergentes”. This paper is based on the idea that the study of literary genres needs to take into consideration not only the formal features of the text but also the different contractual modalities which might appear in their reception. In other words, a text is only part of a specific writing genre when it is recognized as such by the addressee, operation which, although entailing certain theoretical knowledge, has a pragmatic character. It will be the reader who, individually and relying on all the data at his disposal, will decide the reading process which he finds more appropriate. In this paper we will try to show this process by analysing a corpus of autobiographical texts written by the first generation of African French-speaking female writers, a choice which aims to meet at the same time the criteria of cohesion (all the

Mutualism, hybrid inviability and speciation in a tropical ant-plant.

Science.gov (United States)

Léotard, G; Saltmarsh, A; Kjellberg, F; McKey, D

2008-07-01

Although biotic interactions are particularly intricate in the tropics, few studies have examined whether divergent adaptations to biotic interactions lead to speciation in tropical organisms. Ant-plant mutualisms are widespread in the tropics. Within Leonardoxa africana, two subspecies present contrasting defences against herbivores. Young leaves of subsp. africana are defended by mutualistic ants, whereas subsp. gracilicaulis satiates herbivores by synchronized leaf production. Subsp. africana possesses hollow internodes and many large foliar nectaries, housing and feeding ants. We detected no genetic introgression between the two subspecies in the contact zone between them. F1 hybrids were present. They were intermediate in phenotype, expressing reduced, nonfunctional but costly myrmecophilic traits. However, they suffered more herbivory than their parents. Hybrids remained small, failing to reach reproductive size, probably due to their maladapted defence phenotype. Hence, there could be a direct link between adaptation to mutualism and reproductive isolation: biotic interactions could be a driver of tropical diversity.

Sobre o Conceito de Justiça em John Rawls e Robert Nozick

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Keberson Bresolin

2015-03-01

Full Text Available O presente artigo tem como objetivo apresentar o pensamento e o conceito de justiça como equidade presente na obra Uma Teoria da Justiça (1971 de John Rawls. Para isso, demonstraremos como o autor relaciona os conceitos de posição original e véu de ignorância como procedimento da escolha racional. Além disso, pretendemos apresentar também o conceito de justiça presente na obra Anarquia, estado e utopia (1974 de Robert Nozick. Por isso, abordaremos a concepção libertária nozickiana dos direitos individuais e o estado mínimo, o qual deve ser fundamentado para proteger estes direitos. Desta forma, procederemos expondo os princípios que subjazem no pensamento político de ambos os autores e como estes constroem seu arcabouço conceitual. Ao fazer isso, colocaremos as duas propostas em diálogo.

Using camera traps and digital video to investigate the impact of Aethina tumida pest on honey bee (Apis mellifera adansonii reproduction and ability to keep away elephants (Loxodonta africana cyclotis in Gamba, Gabon

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Steeve Ngama

2018-06-01

Full Text Available Bees and elephant interactions are the core of a conservation curiosity since it has been demonstrated that bees, one of the smallest domesticated animals, can keep away elephants, the largest terrestrial animals. Yet, insects' parasites can impact the fitness and activity of the bees. Since their activity is critical to the repellent ability against elephants, this study assessed the impact of small hive beetles (Aethina tumida on bee (Apis mellifera adansonii reproduction and ability to keep forest elephants (Loxodonta africana cyclotis away. Because interspecies interactions are not easy to investigate, we have used camera traps and digital video to observe the activity of bees and their interactions with wild forest elephants under varying conditions of hive infestation with the small hive beetle, a common bee pest. Our results show that queen cells are good visual indicators of colony efficiency on keeping away forest elephants. We give evidences that small hive beetles are equivalently present in large and small bee colonies. Yet, results show no worries about the use of bees as elephant deterrents because of parasitism due to small hive beetles. Apis mellifera adansonii bees seem to effectively cope with small hive beetles showing no significant influence on its reproduction and ability to keep elephants away. This study also reports for the first time the presence of Aethina tumida as a constant beekeeping pest that needs to be addressed in Gabon.

Gonçalves, António Custódio: A história revisitada do Kongo e de Angola. Lisboa: Editorial Estampa, 2005

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Rosana Gonçalves

2006-12-01

Full Text Available Antônio Custódio Gonçalves é sociólogo e professor catedrático de Geografia da Universidade do Porto, onde dirige o Centro de Estudos Africanos (CEAUP, coordenando um importante periódico sobre África, a Africana Studia. Há anos debruçado sobre temáticas africanas, António Custódio Gonçalves sintetiza muitas das complexas questões sobre a história do Kongo e Angola nesta publicação.

AFRICAN ART: A STUDY ON THE BELIEFS AND PREFERENCES OF INTERESTED PEOPLE

OpenAIRE

BERNARDO AMADO BAPTISTA DE FIGUEIREDO

2007-01-01

Trata-se de pesquisa qualitativa, realizada por meio de grupos focais e painéis visuais com interessados em objetos de arte africana no Brasil, com o objetivo de levantar crenças e preferências desses indivíduos. O estudo explorou o conceito de arte africana junto a esse público, imagens e emoções associadas a esse conceito, motivos que orientam a preferência por alguns objetos sobre outros e aspectos importantes do valor simbólico e estético dos objetos...

O PRIMITIVISMO NO MODERNISMO

OpenAIRE

Barros, Maria Mirtes dos Santos; Universidade Federal do Maranhão - UFMA

2011-01-01

Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar a ideia de primitivo no modernismo, a partir das obras de dois artistas e a influência da arte primitiva - para Gauguin, o mundo taitiano, para Picasso, a arte africana. Procuraremos ainda estudar as razões que levaram Gauguin a viver parte de sua vida entre os nativos e a representá-los em suas telas, e que levaram Picasso a incluir a arte africana em sua obra "Les Demoiselles d' Avignon".Palavras-chave: Modernismo. Primitivismo. Vanguardas artísticas. ...

Capacidad de los laboratorios nacionales de referencia en Latinoamérica para detectar mecanismos de resistencia emergentes Capability of national reference laboratories in Latin America to detect emerging resistance mechanisms

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Alejandra Corso

2011-12-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Evaluar la capacidad de 17 laboratorios nacionales de referencia que participan en el Programa Latinoamericano de Control de Calidad en Bacteriología y Resistencia a los Antimicrobianos (LA-EQAS para detectar mecanismos de resistencia emergentes, a saber: resistencia de enterobacterias a carbapenemes por presencia de Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemasa (KPC; resistencia de enterobacterias a carbapenemes por presencia de metalobetalactamasas (MBL tipo IMP, y resistencia intermedia a vancomicina de aislamientos de Staphylococcus aureus (VISA. MÉTODOS: Se enviaron los siguientes tres aislamientos a los 17 laboratorios participantes del LA-EQAS: Klebsiella pneumoniae OPS-161 productor de KPC, Enterobacter cloacae OPS-166 productor de IMP y S. aureus OPS-165 con resistencia intermedia a vancomicina. Se evaluó la interpretación de las pruebas de sensibilidad y detección del mecanismo de resistencia y el tamaño de los halos de inhibición (método de difusión por discos o valor de la concentración inhibitoria mínima (CIM. RESULTADOS: La concordancia en la detección de los mecanismos de resistencia fue de 76,4%, 73,3% y 66,7% con respecto a la cepas K. pneumoniae OPS-161, E. cloacae OPS-166 y S. aureus OPS-165, respectivamente. La concordancia entre las zonas de inhibición obtenidas por los laboratorios participantes y los rangos establecidos por el laboratorio coordinador fue aceptable en los tres aislamientos, ya que alcanzó 90,8%, 92,8% y 88,9%, respectivamente, para cada cepa. CONCLUSIONES: La concordancia global en la detección de los mecanismos de resistencia KPC, MBL y VISA fue de 72,1%. Consideramos que los laboratorios nacionales de referencia de América Latina son capaces de reconocer estos mecanismos de resistencia emergentes y se espera que en el futuro la concordancia alcance su nivel máximo.OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the capability of 17 national reference laboratories participating in the Latin American Quality

Controle pós-emergente de plantas daninhas em cenoura Post-emergence weed control in carrot crop

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jeferson Zagonel

1999-03-01

Full Text Available O experimento foi conduzido em Piraí do Sul-PR no ano de 1995 em solo de textura argilo arenosa, tendo como objetivo avaliar a eficiência e a seletividade do herbicida propaquizafop no controle pós-emergente de plantas daninhas na cultura da cenoura. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi de blocos ao acaso com seis tratamentos e quatro repetições, quais sejam: propaquizafop (100, 125 e 150 g i.a./ha; fluazifop-p-butil (188 g i.a./ha; testemunha capinada e testemunha sem capina. A cultivar de cenoura utilizada foi Nantes Tim Tom semeada em 15 de junho, com espaçamento de 0,25 x 0,05 m, em parcelas com área útil de 5,00 x 1,00 m. As plantas daninhas predominantes foram Brachiaria plantaginea (capim-papuã, Digitaria horizontalis (capim-milhã e Eleusine indica (capim pé-de-galinha. As avaliações foram efetuadas aos 15, 30 e 45 dias após a aplicação dos tratamentos. Observou-se que o herbicida propaquizafop, nas doses de 100, 125 e 150 g i.a./ha foi eficiente no controle sobre capim-papuã, capim-milhã e capim pé-de-galinha. O controle de plantas daninhas realizado através de herbicidas proporcionou a mesma produção obtida com o controle manual. A perda na produção ocasionada pela presença de plantas daninhas foi da ordem de 76,4%. Não foram observados efeitos fitotóxicos nas plantas de cenoura que pudessem ser atribuídos aos produtos utilizados.The presented field trial was conducted in 1995 in Piraí do Sul, Paraná State, Brazil, on a sand-clay texture soil, to evaluate the efficiency and selectivity of propaquizafop on carrot crop weed control. The experiment was laid out in a randomized block design with six treatments and four replications, and 5.00 x 1.00 m plots. The treatmens were: propaquizafop (100, 125 and 150 g a.i/ha; fluazifop-p-butil (188 g a.i/ha; control with weeding and control without weeding. The carrot cultivar Nantes Tim Tom was sown on June 15 with plants spaced 0.25 x 0.05 m. The prevalent weeds

Identification of the ``a'' Genome of Finger Millet Using Chloroplast DNA

Science.gov (United States)

Hilu, K. W.

1988-01-01

Finger millet (Eleusine corocana subsp. coracana), an important cereal in East Africa and India, is a tetraploid species with unknown genomic components. A recent cytogenetic study confirmed the direct origin of this millet from the tetraploid E. coracana subsp. africana but questioned Eleusine indica as a genomic donor. Chloroplast (ct) DNA sequence analysis using restriction fragment pattern was used to examine the phylogenetic relationships between E. coracana subsp. coracana (domesticated finger millet), E. coracana subspecies africana (wild finger millet), and E. indica. Eleusine tristachya was included since it is the only other annual diploid species in the genus with a basic chromosome number of x = 9 like finger millet. Eight of the ten restriction endonucleases used had 16 to over 30 restriction sites per genome and were informative. E. coracana subsp. coracana and subsp. africana and E. indica were identical in all the restriction sites surveyed, while the ct genome of E. tristachya differed consistently by at least one mutational event for each restriction enzyme surveyed. This random survey of the ct genomes of these species points out E. indica as one of the genome donors (maternal genome donor) of domesticated finger millet contrary to a previous cytogenetic study. The data also substantiate E. coracana subsp. africana as the progenitor of domesticated finger millet. The disparity between the cytogenetic and the molecular approaches is discussed in light of the problems associated with chromosome pairing and polyploidy. PMID:8608927

Identification of the "A" genome of finger millet using chloroplast DNA.

Science.gov (United States)

Hilu, K W

1988-01-01

Finger millet (Eleusine corocana subsp. coracana), an important cereal in East Africa and India, is a tetraploid species with unknown genomic components. A recent cytogenetic study confirmed the direct origin of this millet from the tetraploid E. coracana subsp. africana but questioned Eleusine indica as a genomic donor. Chloroplast (ct) DNA sequence analysis using restriction fragment pattern was used to examine the phylogenetic relationships between E. coracana subsp. coracana (domesticated finger millet), E. coracana subspecies africana (wild finger millet), and E. indica. Eleusine tristachya was included since it is the only other annual diploid species in the genus with a basic chromosome number of x = 9 like finger millet. Eight of the ten restriction endonucleases used had 16 to over 30 restriction sites per genome and were informative. E. coracana subsp. coracana and subsp. africana and E. indica were identical in all the restriction sites surveyed, while the ct genome of E, tristachya differed consistently by at least one mutational event for each restriction enzyme surveyed. This random survey of the ct genomes of these species points out E. indica as one of the genome donors (maternal genome donor) of domesticated finger millet contrary to a previous cytogenetic study. The data also substantiate E. coracana subsp. africana as the progenitor of domesticated finger millet. The disparity between the cytogenetic and the molecular approaches is discussed in light of the problems associated with chromosome pairing and polyploidy.

Phylogeny, ecological fitting and lung flukes: helping solve the problem of emerging infectious diseases Filogenia, flexibilidad ecológica y digéneos de pulmones: ayudando a resolver la crisis de las enfermedaes infecciosas emergentes

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Daniel R. Brooks

2006-12-01

vida es filogenéticamente conservado (se distribuye en numerosas especies y a la vez, tiene una distribución geográfica amplia. Por lo tanto, la complejidad de un ciclo de vida no predice, por sí misma, el potencial de un organismo para provocar una enfermedad infecciosa emergente. Aplicamos este concepto para explicar el caso particular de un digéneo del pulmón de anfibios, Haematoloechus floedae, endémico de ranas toro de Norteamérica, que fue recolectado en ranas leopardo de Costa Rica, aún cuando actualmente no existen ranas toro en ese país, y nunca existieron en la región en donde se encontró al parásito. Asimismo, se discute de qué manera la integración de la información ecológica y de ciclos de vida, en un marco filogenético, puede ayudar a los biólogos a pasar de los intentos para controlar brotes de enfermedades emergentes, hacia la predicción y el impedimento de dichos brotes en primera instancia.

Eliminación de contaminantes parabenos en agua mediante procesos físicos, químicos y electroquímicos

OpenAIRE

Muñoz Peña, María Jesús

2016-01-01

La presente Tesis Doctoral tiene como objetivo el estudio de la eliminación de cuatro contaminantes emergentes, comúnmente presentes en aguas residuales y superficiales: metilparabeno, etilparabeno, propilparabeno y butilparabeno. Actualmente, estos compuestos son ampliamente utilizados como conservantes en cosméticos, productos farmacéuticos, productos alimenticios y productos industriales. Para llevar a cabo la eliminación de estos contaminantes emergentes se investigan procesos físicos (ad...

Ciento cincuenta años de combustión de hidrocarburos fósiles: las alternativas emergentes One hundred and fyfty years of combustion of fossil hydrocarbons: the emergent alternatives

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jorge Laine

2009-12-01

Full Text Available Luego de ciento cincuenta años de haberse perforado los primeros pozos comerciales de petróleo que condujeron al uso intensivo de combustibles líquidos para mover los vehículos de transporte, se está arribando al pico de las reservas de petróleo del planeta. Queda aún una buena porción por gastar, con la expectativa de que las consecuencias sean mejores que en la primera parte, la cual ha implicado varias guerras y deterioros del ambiente. Este ensayo aporta un resumen sobre la historia de los combustibles fósiles y sobre la prospectiva de las alternativas energéticas emergentes, poniendo énfasis en la bioenergía como una alternativa para la transición entre la actual era de la combustión y la nueva era de la energía limpia.After one hundred fifty years of drilling first commercial petroleum wells that led to the intensive use of liquid fuels to move transport vehicles, we are arriving at the peak of the world-wide petroleum reserves. Yet, we still have a good portion for spending, with the hope that the consequences will be better than in the first part, which has implied several wars and deteriorations of the environment. This assay brings a review about the history of fossil fuels and with the prospective of the emergent energetic alternatives, placing emphasis on bioenergy as an alternative for the transition between the actual combustion age and the new age of clean energy.

Influência da aplicação de herbicidas pré-emergentes na fauna do solo em sistema convencional de plantio de cana-de-açúcar

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Rodrigo Ferreira da Silva

2012-04-01

Full Text Available http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/2175-7925.2012v25n3p227   O objetivo do trabalho foi determinar a influência de herbicidas pré-emergentes na comunidade da fauna edáfica em sistema de plantio convencional de cana-de-açúcar. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos ao acaso num fatorial (6x3, sendo seis formas de controle de plantas daninhas (T1: pousio; T2: capina manual; T3: Tebuthiuron a 1200gia.ha-1; T4: Ametryne a 3000gia.ha-1; T5: Tebuthiuron a 1000gia.ha-1 + Ametryne a 1500gia.ha-1; T6: Tebuthiuron a 1200gia.ha-1 + Ametryne a 3000gia.ha-1 e três tempos de avaliação (0, 40, 80 dias após a aplicação dos herbicidas: DAA. Avaliou-se: abundância, grupos, riqueza de Margalef, uniformidade de Pielou, dominância de Simpson, diversidade de Shannon, colêmbolos e biomassa seca acima do solo. Não houve diferença nos tratamentos para a riqueza de Margalef, uniformidade de Pielou, dominância de Simpson e diversidade de Shannon. A abundância foi maior aos 80 DAA no tratamento capina manual. Os herbicidas testados não alteraram a diversidade da fauna do solo até 80 DAA. O herbicida Tebuthiuron não afetou a população de colêmbolos, quando utilizado isolado ou associado com o Ametryne. O uso do herbicida Ametryne a 3000gia.ha-1 reduziu a população de colêmbolos em relação ao pousio e capina manual.

PERFORMANCE AND EMISSIONS OF A HEAVY DUTY DIESEL ENGINE FUELLED WITH PALM OIL BIODIESEL AND PREMIUM DIESEL

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

HELMER ACEVEDO

2011-01-01

Full Text Available Biodiesel es promocionado como combustible alternativo para sustituir combustibles de origen fósil y reducir emisiones de carbono. Algunos estudios han sido llevados a cabo para estudiar las emisiones de vehículos diesel de baja potencia. Sin embargo, las emisiones sólidas y gaseosas emitidas por vehículos de trabajo operados con biodiesel de palma africana y diesel de bajo contenido de azufre (~ 15 ppm han sido poco estudiadas. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar el desempeño y emisiones de un motor Diesel Cummins, 4 tiempos, 9.5 litros, 6 cilindros con sistema de inyección "common rail", y sistema de recirculación de gases. El motor desarrolló una menor potencia (10 % cuando fue operado con biodiesel de palma africana. El motor cumplió con la norma ambiental 2004 cuando fue operado con combustible diesel, sin embargo, con biodiesel de palma africana las emisiones de material particulado y los óxidos de nitrógeno estuvieron fuera de norma.

of Spirostachys africana complicated

African Journals Online (AJOL)

C Scott, FCPaed (SA). Department of Paediatrics, Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital and University of Cape Town. N P Khumalo, MB ChB, .... Jeung YJ, Lee JY, Oh MJ, Choi DC, Lee BJ. Comparison of the causes and clinical features of drug rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms and Stevens-Johnson ...

Mucormicosis: Una micosis emergente

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Iris Tiraboschi

2012-02-01

Full Text Available El objetivo de este trabajo es presentar la incidencia, frecuencia, características clínicas y evolución de los pacientes con mucormicosis atendidos en el Hospital de Clínicas José de San Martín, Universidad de Buenos Aires, entre los años 1982 y 2010. Durante ese período se diagnosticaron 10 casos de mucormicosis. Los tres primeros entre 1982 y 2004 y los últimos 7 entre 2005 y 2010. La incidencia y frecuencia de esta enfermedad, para el período 1980-2004 fue 0.13 pacientes/año y 0.1 casos/10 000 egresos (IC 95%: 0.00 a 0.3 respectivamente. En el período 2005-2010 la incidencia fue 0.86 pacientes/año y la frecuencia de 1.1 casos/10 000 egresos (IC 95%: 0.5 a 2.4. Hubo nueve casos de mucormicosis rinosinuso-orbitaria, siete en pacientes con diabetes mellitus, uno en una paciente con una hemopatía maligna y neutropenia, y el restante en un paciente con HIV/sida que además estaba neutropénico y con un síndrome hemofagocítico. En una paciente se realizó el diagnóstico post mortem de mucormicosis pulmonar. El diagnóstico se efectuó por la observación de filamentos cenocíticos en los diez casos. Hubo desarrollo de mucorales en los cultivos de 8/9 pacientes; cinco Rhizopus spp y tres Mucor spp. Todos los pacientes recibieron un tratamiento inicial con anfotericina B deoxicolato, que en tres de ellos fue continuado con anfotericina B liposomal, y cirugía. Tres enfermos recibieron además un tratamiento adyuvante con oxigeno hiperbárico. La mortalidad fue 30%.

Esculpir o tempo: arte, educação e ancestralidade entre os Fons, os Iorubás e os Tchokwes

OpenAIRE

Júlio César Boaro

2013-01-01

Esta dissertação aponta para um caminho cuja trajetória é a busca e o entendimento da complexidade da arte e da cultura africana, especialmente da África subsaariana e, dessa forma, contribuir para uma reflexão sobre a formação da cultura brasileira nos seus modos de ser e de pensar, através das características atribuídas aos descendentes de africanos que para o Brasil foram trazidos na condição de escravos. Nosso ponto de partida é a religiosidade de matriz africana reinventada no Brasil, e ...

Valoración ecosistémica a partir del uso de métricas de paisaje aplicando sistemas de información geográfica en cultivos de palma africana

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Claudia Mayelly Ramírez Cano

2016-12-01

Full Text Available La valoración del paisaje es una herramienta que contribuye en los procesos de gestión y planificación mediante la generación de indicadores que permiten caracterizar las condiciones del territorio. En esta investigación se analizaron las métricas de paisaje a partir de: área de la clase (CA, área total del paisaje (TA, porcentaje del área total del paisaje (PLAND, número de parches de la clase (NP y densidad de parches (PD, relación área-perímetro promedio (MPAR, índice de diversidad de Shannon (SDI e índice de equitatividad de Shannon  (SEI y la valoración se realizó con la adaptación metodológica de los autores Paula Másmela y Alejandro Gómez, dicha adaptación permitió discernir sobre las características y calidad del paisaje en el municipio de Puerto Wilches, Santander, Colombia, durante el periodo entre 1987 y 2015.  La valoración paisajística se realizó a partir de imágenes de satélite mediante análisis multitemporal de las coberturas para cuantificar y caracterizar las transformaciones paisajísticas dadas en el territorio. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que en el año 1987 el paisaje era más dinámico, constituido por variedad de coberturas y ecosistemas; mientras en 2015 existe una implementación a gran escala del monocultivo de palma africana que rompe con la estructura paisajística, sin embargo, el resultado de calidad visual arrojó clasificación media, que evidencia la importancia de realizar una revisión a fondo sobre las actuales políticas de ordenación del territorio.

Neither metaphysical dichotomy nor pure identity: clarifying the emergentist creed.

Science.gov (United States)

Sartenaer, Olivier

2013-09-01

Emergentism is often misleadingly described as a monolithic "third way" between radical monism and pluralism. In the particular case of biology, for example, emergentism is perceived as a middle course between mechanicism and vitalism. In the present paper I propose to show that the conceptual landscape between monism and pluralism is more complex than this classical picture suggests. On the basis of two successive analyses-distinguishing three forms of tension between monism and pluralism and a distinction between derivational and functional reduction-I define three different versions of emergentism that can be considered as consistent middle courses between monism and pluralism (respectively theoretical, explanatory and causal emergence). I then emphasise the advantage of this taxonomy of the concepts of emergence by applying the results of my analysis to the historical controversy that pertains to the relationship between life and matter. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

The Days and Nights of Zoo Elephants: Using Epidemiology to Better Understand Stereotypic Behavior of African Elephants (Loxodonta africana and Asian Elephants (Elephas maximus in North American Zoos.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Brian J Greco

Full Text Available Stereotypic behavior is an important indicator of compromised welfare. Zoo elephants are documented to perform stereotypic behavior, but the factors that contribute to performance have not been systematically assessed. We collected behavioral data on 89 elephants (47 African [Loxodonta africana], 42 Asian [Elephas maximus] at 39 North American zoos during the summer and winter. Elephants were videoed for a median of 12 daytime hours per season. A subset of 32 elephants (19 African, 13 Asian was also observed live for a median of 10.5 nighttime hours. Percentages of visible behavior scans were calculated from five minute instantaneous samples. Stereotypic behavior was the second most commonly performed behavior (after feeding, making up 15.5% of observations during the daytime and 24.8% at nighttime. Negative binomial regression models fitted with generalized estimating equations were used to determine which social, housing, management, life history, and demographic variables were associated with daytime and nighttime stereotypic behavior rates. Species was a significant risk factor in both models, with Asian elephants at greater risk (daytime: p<0.001, Risk Ratio = 4.087; nighttime: p<0.001, Risk Ratio = 8.015. For both species, spending time housed separately (p<0.001, Risk Ratio = 1.009, and having experienced inter-zoo transfers (p<0.001, Risk Ratio = 1.175, increased the risk of performing higher rates of stereotypy during the day, while spending more time with juvenile elephants (p<0.001, Risk Ratio = 0.985, and engaging with zoo staff reduced this risk (p = 0.018, Risk Ratio = 0.988. At night, spending more time in environments with both indoor and outdoor areas (p = 0.013, Risk Ratio = 0.987 and in larger social groups (p = 0.039, Risk Ratio = 0.752 corresponded with reduced risk of performing higher rates of stereotypy, while having experienced inter-zoo transfers (p = 0.033, Risk Ratio = 1.115 increased this risk. Overall, our results

Explicación de las disparidades raciales en la salud neonatal en Brasil*

Science.gov (United States)

Nyarko, Kwame A.; López-Camelo, Jorge; Castilla, Eduardo E.; Wehby, George L.

2015-01-01

Objetivos. Buscamos cuantificar la manera en que los efectos socioeconómicos, demográficos, geográficos y de atención de salud explican las disparidades raciales en las tasas de bajo peso al nacer y prematuridad en Brasil. Métodos. Utilizamos una muestra de 8 949 niños nacidos entre 1995 y el 2009 en 15 ciudades y 7 provincias de Brasil. Nos centramos en las disparidades en la prevalencia de bajo peso al nacer (y prematuridad (y de ascendencia solo europea. Usamos un modelo de descomposición para cuantificar la contribución de los factores conceptualmente pertinentes a esas disparidades. Resultados. El modelo permitió explicar entre 45% y 94% de las disparidades en cuanto al bajo peso al nacer y entre 64% y 94% de las disparidades en cuanto a la prematuridad entre los grupos de ascendencia africana y de ascendencia europea. Las diferencias en el uso de atención prenatal y en la ubicación geográfica fueron los factores más importantes, seguidos por las diferencias socioeconómicas. El modelo permitió explicar la mayoría de las disparidades en los recién nacidos de ascendencia africana mezclada y parte de las disparidades en los de ascendencia solo africana. Conclusiones. En las políticas públicas para mejorar la salud infantil se deben abordar las diferencias en cuanto a la atención prenatal y la ubicación geográfica a fin de reducir las disparidades en materia de salud entre los recién nacidos de ascendencia africana y los de ascendencia europea en Brasil.

Diseño de una estrategia para el análisis didáctico de contenidos digitales en anatomía osteo-muscular

OpenAIRE

Gamboa Latorre, Lina Fernanda

2014-01-01

Este artículo propone una estrategia fundamentada teóricamente en el aprendizaje significativo para orientar el análisis didáctico de los contenidos digitales en anatomía osteo-muscular, asignatura que es requisito curricular en las carreras de la salud. Para el estudio de la asignatura, docentes y estudiantes utilizan recursos tradicionales y emergentes. Parte de los recursos emergentes son los contenidos digitales, modalidades de tecnologías de la información y comunicaciones (TIC) disponib...

New business dynamics and agressiveness between competitors

OpenAIRE

Ruiz, Sandra Marcela

2015-01-01

Pesquisas recentes tem se concentrado em analisar se as vantagens competitivas podem ser sustentáveis em um contexto hipercompetitivo. Literatura existente que tem analisado economias emergentes descobriu que o desenvolvimento do contexto institucional contribui para a criação de condições hipercompetitivas. Reconhecendo a importância dessas pesquisas no campo da gestão estratégica, mas ao invés de concentrar a atenção em países emergentes, este trabalho considera crucial ter um espectro mais...

Predicción de quiebras empresariales en economías emergentes: uso de un modelo logístico mixto || Bankruptcy Prediction in Emerging Economies: Use of a Mixed Logistic Model

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Caro, Norma Patricia

2013-01-01

Full Text Available Este trabajo replica y adapta el modelo de Jones y Hensher (2004 a los datos de una economía emergente con el propósito de evaluar su validez externa. Se compara el desempeño del modelo logístico estándar en relación con el modelo logístico mixto para predecir el riesgo de crisis en el periodo 1993-2000, utilizando estados contables de empresas argentinas y ratios definidos en estudios de Altman y Jones y Hensher. Como en estudios anteriores, rentabilidad, rotación, endeudamiento y flujo de fondos operativos explican la probabilidad de crisis financiera. La contribución de esta nueva metodología reduce la tasa de error del tipo I a un 9 %. Se demuestra que el modelo logístico mixto, que tiene en cuenta la heterogeneidad no observada, supera ampliamente el desempeño del modelo logístico estándar. || This study is a replication and adaptation of Jones and Hensher (2004 model in an emerging economy with the purpose of testing its eternal validity. It compares the logistic standard model's performance with the logistic mixed model to predict bankruptcy risk of Argentinean companies between 1993-2000 by using financial statements and ratios defined in previous studies by Altman and Jones and Hensher. Similar to previous studies, profitability, asset turnover, debt and cash flow from operations explain financial distress' probability. The main contribution of this new methodology is the important reduction of error type I to the 9 %. This study asserts that the logistic mixed model, that considers the effect of non-observed heterogeneity, significantly improves the performance of the logistic standard model.

A questão ambiental na promoção da saúde: uma oportunidade de ação multiprofissional sobre doenças emergentes Environmental issues on health promotion: a multi-professional action on emerging diseases

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Rosana Andreatta Carvalho Schmidt

2007-01-01

Full Text Available A discussão sobre a emergência de agravos à saúde coloca todos os profissionais de saúde em alerta. Através de uma revisão sobre os conceitos de doença emergente, relacionando-a com uma situação concreta, a emergência da hantavirose em Santa Catarina, Brasil, constatou-se a necessidade de um enfoque sobre as condições ambientais em tais situações. O melhor conhecimento sobre os fatores ambientais envolvidos e contextualizados torna possível um melhor posicionamento para a elaboração das políticas de controle e prevenção a serem adotadas. Tal posicionamento possibilita a ação multiprofissional, sob a forma de orientação às comunidades, como necessidade de um modelo assistencial diferenciado.The discussion on the emergence of health injuries preoccupies all health workers. In a review on the concepts of emerging disease, related to a concrete situation, the emergence of the Hantaviruses in the State of Santa Catarina, Brazil, the author highlights the need for focusing on environmental conditions in such situations. The best knowledge on environmental factors makes it possible to elaborate controlling and preventive policies. This enables the multi-professional action in providing community information, as the need for a differentiated assistance model.

Políticas y Programas de política educativa pública orientados a adolescentes y jóvenes: perspectivas e interrogantes desde el campo de la Comunicación/Educación/Cultura

OpenAIRE

Arce, Débora Magalí; Guiller, Charis Maricel; Iotti, Andrea

2016-01-01

El presente trabajo se enmarca en nuestro proyecto de investigación “Sentidos y prácticas emergentes en proyectos orientados a la transformación de procesos de formación de jóvenes en instituciones de Educación Pública” (Programa de Incentivos- UNLP), el cual se constituye como un estudio exploratorio respecto de los sentidos y prácticas emergentes en los procesos de formación contemporáneos considerando políticas y programas de política educativa pública orientados a adolescentes y jóvenes. ...

Mudança organizacional: um estudo em empresas graduadas por uma incubadora de biotecnologia

OpenAIRE

Arimar Colen Gontijo

2004-01-01

Este trabalho analisa o processo de mudança organizacional ocorrido em empresas graduadas numa incubadora e discute amplamente, sob várias óticas, a mudança planejada e a mudança emergente, na tentativa de responder ao problema de pesquisa: Como se caracteriza o processo de transição de uma empresa incubada para uma empresa graduada, sob a ótica da mudança organizacional planejada e da mudança organizacional emergente? Foram estudadas empresas incubadas e graduadas de 1999 até 2003 em uma inc...

Analisis de PPcPs (pharmaceutical and personal care products) en aguas residuales y suelos

OpenAIRE

Johana Andrea Velásquez Arias

2016-01-01

Los productos farmacéuticos y de higiene personal (PPcPs) son conocidos como contaminantes emergentes,  ampliamente usados  por la sociedad  moderna. Las estaciones depuradoras de aguas residuales (EDAR), mitigan la presencia de estos contaminantes emergentes en los efluentes que vierten al medio ambiente. La eficiencia de eliminación de las EDAR, varían en base a la precisión en la detección y en las técnicas utilizadas. Este estudio revisó literatura para estudios que informaron sobre la pr...

Construindo vidas na diáspora. Os africanos da cidade do Desterro, Ilha de Santa Catarina (Século XIX

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Claudia Mortari Malavota

2013-06-01

Full Text Available Este artigo tem como objetivo evidenciar e analisar os vínculos parentais estabelecidos por escravos e libertos de procedência africana, sujeitos de diferentes categorias sociais e origens étnicas, no contexto de uma cidade portuária ao Sul do Brasil: Nossa Senhora do Desterro, localizada na Ilha de Santa Catarina. O ponto de partida do artigo é a trajetória de vida, construída a partir de alguns indícios, do africano forro Francisco de Quadros, da africana Catharina, de nação Benguela, e de Francisco de Siqueira, os quais, no contexto do século XIX, estabeleceram relações de solidariedade e vínculos familiares. A partir de suas trajetórias, nossa intenção é descortinar outras inúmeras experiências de vida das populações de origem africana na cidade. Partimos do princípio de que os estabelecimentos de vínculos parentais constituem, num contexto escravista, uma maneira de criar esperanças, de possibilitar a sobrevivência e de reinventar as identidades. Os africanos, ao criar seus vínculos familiares, conferiram sentido a suas vidas e marcaram de forma significativa o espaço social em que viviam.

As “Ticas” de “Matema” de um povo africano: Um exercício para sala de aula brasileira.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Eliane Costa Santos

2008-08-01

Full Text Available Este artigo tem como foco central apontar uma das alternativas para a introdução da cultura africana numa sala de aula de matemática – concorrendo para a transformação deste espaço formal de uma sala de aula, um espaço no qual a cultura está entrelaçada aos saberes escolares por meio da transdisciplinaridade da etnomatemática. A relação que permeia pode ser delineada de como a cultura africana, por meio da representatividade dos fazeres dos teares africanos Kente pode contribuir com os processos de ensino e aprendizagem em uma sala de aula de matemática. As tramas estão por meio do referencial teórico de Stuart Hall sobre cultura e multiculturalismo; D’Ambrósio sobre transdisciplinaridade e etnomatemática; Dennis sobre tecido Kente e os tecelões de Gana com as tecnologias do tear Kente. Para uma compreensão geral localizamos Gana no Continente Africano, citamos o mitos do tear e por fim apresentamos uma proposta de como exercitar uma relação transcultural a partir do saber fazer da cultura Africana em uma sala de aula de matemática no Brasil.

Evaluation of hypoglycaemic and hypolipidaemic effects of aqueous ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Evaluation of hypoglycaemic and hypolipidaemic effects of aqueous ethanolic extracts of Treculia africana Decne and Bryophyllum pinnatum,/i> Lam. and their mixture on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats.

Pediatria ambiental: um tema emergente

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Patricia M. Valenzuela

2011-04-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Revisar os artigos mais relevantes sobre a pediatria ambiental, seus efeitos potenciais para a saúde e, especialmente, seus avanços na prevenção. FONTES DOS DADOS: Foi realizada uma pesquisa utilizando as bases de dados MEDLINE/PubMed e SciELO. Foram revisados artigos de 1990 a 2010, além de capítulos de livros relacionados à pediatria ambiental. SÍNTESE DOS DADOS: Há uma variedade significativa de fatores que tornam as crianças altamente vulneráveis à exposição a riscos ambientais, associados principalmente ao consumo comparativamente maior de água, comida e ar por parte da criança, em relação ao seu peso corporal. De acordo com a Organização Mundial de Saúde, mais de 3 milhões de crianças menores de 5 anos morrem devido a doenças relacionadas ao meio ambiente. Aproximadamente 30-40% das doenças pediátricas estão relacionadas a fatores ambientais. As crianças estão constantemente expostas a vários riscos ambientais para a saúde, dentre os quais se destacam: água contaminada, falta de condições adequadas de saneamento, poluição do ar, vetores de doenças, perigos químicos, injúrias e acidentes. CONCLUSÕES: Atualmente, os pediatras são desafiados a tratar das necessidades de saúde ligadas à pediatria ambiental. A história pediátrica deve ser mais abrangente, acrescentando-se questões pontuais que ajudem a identificar potenciais riscos ambientais. A conscientização e o entendimento sobre os efeitos nocivos das várias condições ambientais e o conhecimento sobre as medidas de prevenção relacionadas resultarão em intervenções oportunas e adequadas que melhorarão a saúde e o desenvolvimento das nossas crianças.

La creatividad, una propiedad emergente

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Carlota Torrents

2015-06-01

Full Text Available Las definiciones tradicionales de creatividad, basadas en procesos cognitivos y lineales, no concuerdan con los resultados de investigaciones relacionados con el comportamiento creativo en situaciones de improvisación. Recientemente, se analizó a tres bailarines de Contact Improvisation (danza basada en el contacto corporal y la improvisación que improvisaron en parejas libremente o siguiendo dos instrucciones que limitaban parcialmente las posibilidades de bailar. Los resultados mostraron cómo, en función de la instrucción, se favorecía la emergencia de habilidades concretas de forma espontánea. Las instrucciones pueden favorecer la creatividad si facilitan que los bailarines exploren situaciones poco habituales.

GOVERNANÇA NOS MERCADOS EMERGENTES

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Valdir de Jesus Lameira

2009-07-01

site do Banco Mundial. Posteriormente utilizou-se o método de regressões lineares múltiplas de modo a investigar possíveis relações estatísticas entre as variáveis. Os resultados apontam para a existência de uma relação positiva entre governança e renda per capita e negativa entre governança e crescimento econômico entre outras relações relevantes.

Profesiones emergentes para los comunicadores

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Manuel Ortiz Marín

2015-01-01

Full Text Available Señala el autor que en México se ha iniciado una lenta pero segura transformación del campo profesional de la comunicación. La carrera de Comunicación ocupa el octavo lugar entre las carreras más demandadas en la Educación Superior de México, que con la fuerte avalancha tecnológica y el surgimiento de la apertura de nuevos espacios sociales y político-económicos han impulsado otras formas de hacer comunicación. Dos son los campos más opcionados: medios de comunicación masiva, y lo organizacional y la publicidad, aunadas al surgimiento del marketing político. Hoy se demanda del profesional nuevas y dinámicas competencias para enfrentar escenarios laborales antes no explorados.

Intricate Entanglement: The ICC and the Pursuit of Peace ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Professor of Political Science and International Relations, Africana Studies and ...... in a larger normative political project, beginning with the emergence of ... investigate potential crimes, undercuts the latter's investigatory prerogatives.

Phytochemical evaluation and antibacterial profile of Treculia ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

STORAGESEVER

2008-05-16

May 16, 2008 ... Treculia africana Decne bark extract on gastrointestinal ... 2Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, ... presence of steroidal saponin glycosides as the major component, anthraquinone glycoside and.

Chemical, Functional and Organoleptic Evaluation of African Breadfruit

African Journals Online (AJOL)

African breadfruit (Treculia africana Decne) seeds were parboiled and their kernels dried ... age were evaluated. .... macular degeneration, and cataract formation ... Heat treatment increased water ab- ..... prevention of cardiovascular disease.

APLICACIÓN DE FOTOCATÁLISIS SOLAR A PH NEUTRO PARA LA ELIMINACIÓN DE CONTAMINANTES QUÍMICOS Y BIOLÓGICOS

OpenAIRE

Bernabeu García, Antonio

2012-01-01

Los estudios realizados en esta Tesis Doctoral se han centrado en la aplicación de los Procesos de Oxidación Avanzada (AOPs) en condiciones próximas a la neutralidad para la eliminación de contaminantes químicos (contaminantes emergentes) y biológicos (larvas de mejillón cebra) en aguas naturales, mediante aplicación de procesos de fotocatálisis solar heterogénea con TiO2 y foto-Fenton solar a pH neutro. Los tratamientos de oxidación aplicados a los contaminantes emergentes se han realizad...

Regional networks and transnational social movements in emerging patterns of collaboration and conflict in the Americas Redes regionales y movimientos sociales transnacionales en patrones emergentes de colaboración y conflicto en las américas

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Roberto Patricio KORZENIEWICZ

2010-11-01

Full Text Available This article seeks to contribuye to the debate over citizenship in Latin America and to suggest some themes for further debate. After a brief review of the processes that influence the reconfigurations of citizenzship, we argue that the formal approach to the rights and duties of the citizen should be renovated and complemented with an anthropogical perspective. We also argue that the processes of globalization and societal change throw up new questions. Once these «transversal» themes have been discussed, we reflect on the principal «classic» dimensions of citizenship (civil, political and social rights as well on the issue of the emergent eth¬nic citizenship.Con este artículo buscamos sugerir algunas pautas para el debate sobre las transformaciones de «la ciudadanía» en América Latina. Después de una breve revisión de los procesos que inciden en las reconfiguraciones de la ciudadanía, argumentamos que la aproximación formal a los derechos y obligaciones ciudadanas debe ser renovada y complementada con una aproximación antropológica; argumentamos también que los procesos de globalización y cambio societal plantean nuevos interrogantes. Una vez sentadas esas temáticas «transversales», elaboramos algunas reflexiones acerca de las principales dimensiones «clásicas» de la ciudadanía (los dere¬chos civiles, políticos y sociales así como el tema emergente de la ciudadanía étnica.

ÁFRICA/BRASIL: corpos, tempos e histórias silenciadasAFRICA/BRAZIL: bodies, time and silenced histories

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Maria Antonieta Antonacci

2009-06-01

Full Text Available Na perspectiva que história é cultura, questões abordadas neste ensaio articulam-se à reivindicação fundamental de incorporações de saberes e poderes de tradições orais de culturas africanas e afro-brasileiras em nossos debates e possíveis construções de argumentações históricas relacionadas à História da África, e a culturas africanas e afro-brasileiras entre nós. Tentando acompanhar movimentos históricos de confrontações, negociações e injunções entre saberes locais e projetos globais, procuramos enfrentar armadilhas da construção e projeção de dominâncias eurocêntricas.

Efecto del fuego y dinámica de las hidrófitas emergentes en el humedal de la Mintzita, Michoacán, México Fire and dynamics of the emergent hydrophytes of the Mintzita wetlands, Michoacán, México

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Yazmín Escutia-Lara

2009-12-01

Full Text Available El estudio de la dinámica de humedales de aguas interiores de México, en particular del estado de Michoacán, ha sido muy limitado. Por lo tanto, en el año 2005 se inició un estudio de campo a través de parcelas permanentes para conocer la abundancia y distribución, a lo largo del tiempo, de las hidrófitas emergentes de los humedales de la Mintzita, en las cercanías de la ciudad de Morelia. A un año de iniciarse el trabajo (2006, la zona sufrió los efectos de un incendio que se propagó desde un terreno agrícola, disturbio que se repitió durante el tercer año del estudio (2007. Estos incendios permitieron documentar los efectos del fuego sobre la comunidad de hidrófitas emergentes en este sistema de humedales. Los efectos del fuego fueron diferenciales para las especies dominantes; Shoenoplectus americanus no fue afectada por el fuego, pero Typha domingensis redujo y modificó su cobertura a lo largo del gradiente hídrico, lo que ocasionó una pérdida de la zonación inicial característica de estas 2 especies. Durante el año 2005 se identificaron 34 especies; el siguiente año se perdieron 5, y finalmente en 2007 sólo se registraron 26. Entre las especies que se conservan, destaca Carex comosa, perteneciente a un género característico de humedales bien conservados, que aumentó su cobertura 133%. Los incendios afectaron de manera más intensa a especies facultativas y pastos, lo que sugiere que disturbios semejantes pueden mantener la estructura y composición florística de este tipo de ecosistemas.Study of the dynamics of continental wetlands in México, and in particular from the state of Michoacán, has been scarce. In response to this need, a field study was started in 2005 through the establishment of permanent plots to document changes in abundance and distribution through time of emergent hydrophytes of the Mintzita wetlands, near the city of Morelia. In the first and third years , the area suffered the effects of a

Original Research Original Research

African Journals Online (AJOL)

RAGHAVENDRA

building materials; firewood, income generating activities, energy resources; wildlife .... management practices and threats to the wetlands and evaluate the impact of wetland .... macrostachyus, Erythrina brucei, and Cordia africana are under ...

Traços da religiosidade africana no carnaval carioca (Traces of African religiosity in carioca carnival - DOI: 10.5752/P.2175-5841.2013v11n29p53

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

José Geraldo Rocha

2013-03-01

Full Text Available As discussões a respeito do sagrado na contemporaneidade têm ganhado relevância ao considerarmos as novas perspectivas que se abrem com a inclusão de alguns temas relativos à diversidade cultural e religiosa na sociedade brasileira. Cada dia é perceptível o crescente espaço que o sagrado ocupa na vida cotidiana das pessoas comuns. A presença do sagrado no cotidiano da cultura brasileira é uma marca que realça um relevante aspecto da identidade nacional. A cultura brasileira é uma cultura plural. Para além das matrizes indígenas e européias, existe uma grande variedade cultural no âmbito da africanidade. O presente artigo objetiva analisar como esse elemento sagrado de caráter afro-brasileiro aparece nos enredos das escolas de samba do Rio de Janeiro durante os carnavais de 2011 e 2012. Nosso referencial são as letras dos sambas-enredos das escolas dos grupos C, D, e E que desfilam na Intendente Magalhães, subúrbio do rio de Janeiro. Palavras-chave: Religiosidade. Africana. Sagrado. Carnaval. Rio de Janeiro. Abstract The discussions about the sacred in contemporaneity have gained importance in considering new opportunities opening up with the inclusion of issues related to cultural and religious diversity in Brazilian society. It is noticeable the growing space that sacred plays in everyday life of ordinary people. The presence of the sacred in everyday Brazilian culture is a mark that highlights an relevant aspect of national identity. Brazilian culture is a plural culture. In addition to the indigenous and European origin, there is a great cultural variety in the scope of Africanity. This article aims to analyze how this sacred element of Afro-Brazilian characteristic appears in plots of samba schools in Rio de Janeiro during the carnivals of 2011 and 2012. Our references are the lyrics of the samba schools’ plots of groups C, D, and E, which parade on Intendente Magalhães Street, in a suburban area of Rio de Janeiro. Key

jfewr ©2017 - jfewr Publications

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Mark

2017-03-01

Mar 1, 2017 ... Keywords: Prosopis africana, progeny, seed germination, seedling emergence, seeds. INTRODUCTION ... In Nigeria, the tree is found in Nupe, Zamfara,. Kaduna .... already determined were given pre-sowing treatment by ...

Growth of Bacillus cereus isolated from some traditional condiments ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Growth of Bacillus cereus isolated from some traditional condiments under different regimens. ... African Journal of Biotechnology ... (fermented Prosopis africana seeds) and identified as B. cereus, B. subtilis, B. pumilus and B. lichenifomis.

'I'm Black and I'm Proud': A Majority Ecological Context Protects Affective Aspects of Black Identity Under Stereotype Threat.

Science.gov (United States)

Oliver, Andre'; Andemeskel, Ghilamichael; King, Carlise R; Wallace, Lyndsey; McDougal, Serie; Monteiro, Kenneth P; Ben-Zeev, Avi

2017-12-01

We provide evidence that stereotype threat, a phenomenon that causes stigmatized individuals to experience group-based evaluative concerns (Steele in Am Psychol 52:613-629, 1997; Whistling Vivaldi and other clues to how stereotypes affect us, W.W. Norton, New York, 2010), impacts affective aspects of Black identity as a function of majority versus minority ecological contexts. Black/African-American students, enrolled in either Africana Studies (Black ecological majority) or Psychology (Black ecological minority), completed private and public regard subscales from the Multidimensional Inventory of Black Identity (Sellers et al. in Pers Soc Psychol Rev 2:18-39, 1998) at baseline (Time 1) and after being randomly assigned to a stereotype threat or no-threat/control condition (Time 2). In threat, participants were introduced to a 'puzzle' task as diagnostic of intellectual abilities, whereas in no-threat the same task was introduced as culture fair, such that people from different racial/ethnic groups had performed similarly on this task in the past. In Psychology, students under threat exhibited a simultaneous decrease and increase in private and public regard, respectively, a pattern shown in the literature to be associated with discrimination-based distress and lesser well-being in Black ecological minority environments. In contrast, Africana Studies students' racial identity under threat remained intact. We discuss the protective effects of Africana Studies on racial identity and implications for educational reform.

Inmigración y maternidad en la transición a la vida adulta en jóvenes Latinoamericanas

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Adolfo Pizzinato

2013-01-01

Full Text Available La teoría del adulto emergente es un marco de comprensión de los as- pectos psicosociales del desarrollo humano, considerando aspectos referentes a la globalización y sus efectos. El adulto emergente, según defiende la teoría, presentaría cinco características principales: inestabilidad; ambivalencia / sentimiento de frontera; foco en sí mis- mo; experimentación; y visión de posibilidades para el futuro. Con el objetivo de validar ese modelo para un grupo específico: el de jóvenes madres latinoamericanas, fue elaborada una investigación que analizó cualitativamente, con las premisas del análisis de contenido, entrevistas que fueron realizadas en Barcelona con veintidós jóvenes inmigrantes latinoamericanas en España. Los resultados muestran que la teoría del adulto emergente puede ser una herramienta útil para la comprensión de la juventud actual como fenómeno, sin dejar de lado las característi- cas contextuales,legales y económicas, que tienen mayor impacto en la transición hacia la vida adulta.

Effect of Traditional Processing Techniques on the Nutritional and ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Michael Horsfall

Composition of African Bread-Fruit (Treculia africana) Seeds. *IFEOMA I IJEH .... located mainly in the seed coat (Kumar et al, 1979;. Singh ... development and control of some metabolic processes ... (1996). Regulation of selenoprotein gene.

The diets of fish in three south-western Cape estuarine systems

African Journals Online (AJOL)

1988-09-26

Sep 26, 1988 ... Blaber 1978a; Coetzee 1981, 1982a; Coetzee & Pool. 1985), taxonomic ...... mainly the swimming prawn Macropetasma africana, bivalves (Donax spp.) ..... higher energy value of zooplankton relative to other organisms of ...

Field notes of raptors in and around Mertule Mariam, Gojjam ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

(rise in temperatures at poles) could have some effect on the population sizes and population ... Agricultural activity is extensive, with cultivation up to ... abyssinica, Cordia Africana, Embelia schimpera, Cupressus lusitanica dominate the valley ...

La Contabilidad y la Aplicación del Método Ortogonal de los costos en las Empresas Ganaderas en el distrito Cajamarca

OpenAIRE

Vásquez Carranza, César Octavio

2016-01-01

Según los informes del FMI las perspectivas de crecimiento mundial son iguales entre las principales economías. En las economías avanzadas se prevé que el crecimiento sea más fuerte en el 2016 que en 2015, mientras que en las economías de mercados emergentes y en desarrollo se espera sea más débil. El crecimiento mundial será de 3,5% en el 2015 y de 3,8% en el 2016. Sin embargo, las perspectivas para la mayoría de economías emergentes y en desarrollo como nuestro país no son buenas, se prevé ...

III Colóquio luso-brasileiro de educação a distância e elearning

OpenAIRE

Amante, Lúcia; Mendes, António Quintas; Barros, Daniela Melaré Vieira; Cardoso, Teresa; Spilker, Maria João

2013-01-01

O livro de atas do III Colóquio Luso-Brasileiro de Educação a Distância e Elearning, realizado em Lisboa em dezembro de 2013, reúne um vasto conjunto de comunicações apresentadas no evento e que se distribuem por 10 grandes temas a saber: EaD e Políticas educativas; Boas Práticas em Educação Online; Modelos e Processos Pedagógicos em Educação online; Web 2.0 e tecnologias emergentes; Pedagogias emergentes (PLEs, MOOCs, REAs, …); Realidade Virtual em EaD; Jogos e gamification em EaD; Mobile Le...

Determinants of elephant distribution at Nazinga Game Ranch, Burkina Faso

Science.gov (United States)

Jenks, Jonathan A.; Klaver, Robert W.; Wicks, Zeno W.

2007-01-01

We used seasonal ground total counts and remote sensing and GIS technology to relate elephant (Loxodonta africana africana) distribution at Nazinga Game Ranch to environmental and anthropogenic factors. Variables used in analyses were normalized difference vegetation index, elevation, stream density, density of poaching and human illegal activities, distance to dams, distance to rivers, distance to roads, and distance to poaching risk. Contrary to our expectation, road traffic did not disturb elephants. Strong negative relationships were documented between elephant abundance and stream density, distance to dams, and poaching density. Density of poaching and other human illegal activities explained 81%, vegetation greenness 6%, and stream density 3% of the variation in elephant density. Elephant distribution represented a survival strategy affected by poaching, food quality and abundance, and water availability. 

PENTECOSTALES DE ITALIA

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Enzo Pace

2012-06-01

Full Text Available El artículo se refiere al Pentecostalismo en Italia, centrándose en particular en Iglesias Pentecostales africanas. Como los inmigrantes africanos comenzaron a asentarse en la sociedad italiana, allí recrearon o crearon una red de comunidades carismáticas, sobre todo en la parte norte del país. Las iglesias pentecostales proporcionan apoyo espiritual, social y práctico a sus miembros con el fin de que puedan hacer frente los diversos problemas derivados de la condición del migrante en un nuevo país como Italia, monopolizado histórica y socialmente por el catolicismo. Por lo tanto, el objetivo del artículo es mostrar la relación entre el entorno socio-religioso y el impacto de las nuevas Iglesias africanas Pentecostales.

Some aspects of the Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of two Savanna tree Species

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

D.A. Agboola

2014-10-01

Full Text Available Studies were made on some aspects of the seed germination and seedling growth of two multipurpose trees. These include the effect of pre sowing treatments, seed sizes and gibberellic acid on the germination of seeds and seedling growth. The tree species include Prosopis africana (Guil & Perr Taub and Dialium guineense (wild. Two seed sizes designated small- size (Ss and Big-size (Bs were identified in the seed. The effect of gibberellic acid (GA3 had a greater significance effect (P < 0.05 on seed germination of both D. guineense and P. africana seeds. The big size seeds had a significant effect (P < 0.05 on the seed germination when compared to the small size seeds. The hydration/dehydration, pre sowing treatments on the seeds did not have any significant effects on germination.

Comportamiento de tres procedencias de Jatropha curcas en el banco de germoplasma de la EEPF ¨Indio Hatuey¨ Performance of three provenances of Jatropha curcas in the germplasm bank of the EEPF ¨Indio Hatuey¨

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

R Machado

2009-03-01

Full Text Available Se realizó un ensayo con el objetivo de evaluar tres procedencias de Jatropha curcas, en un suelo Ferralítico Rojo lixiviado de la EEPF ¨Indio Hatuey¨, en las fases de vivero, establecimiento y momento de cosecha. Todas las procedencias necesitaron entre 70 y 90 días para alcanzar su máximo de emergencia. La de Cabo Verde (denominada Africana fue la primera en germinar (11,5-24,6% entre los primeros cinco y 25 días y las dos restantes germinaron a los 35 días. A los 160 días después de plantadas, la Africana alcanzó la fenofase de semilla verde; mientras que las dos restantes se encontraban en abotonamiento. La Africana también fue estadísticamente superior en términos de número de hojas, grosor del tallo y altura de las plántulas. No existieron diferencias en la producción de frutos con tres semillas, indicador en el que todas alcanzaron más del 70%. A los 240 días (cosecha se detectó una alta disminución en el número de hojas, pero el menor porcentaje se constató en la Africana (69% con relación al total. El peso de la semilla cosechada en la Africana fue 7,1 veces superior a la procedencia de Las Tunas (medianamente ramificada y 22,4 veces superior a la de Sancti Spiritus (menos ramificada. De acuerdo con los resultados, se destacó por su comportamiento la Africana. Asimismo, se considera importante la introducción de un mayor número de accesiones, así como la realización de estudios sobre la calidad de la semilla.A trial was conducted with the objective of evaluating three provenances of Jatropha curcas on a lixiviated Ferralitic Red soil of the EEPF ¨Indio Hatuey¨, at the nursery, establishment and harvest stages. All the provenances needed between 70 and 90 days to reach their emergence maximum level. The plants from Cape Verde (called African were the first to germinate (11,5-24,6% between the first five and 25 days and the other two germinated 35 days after planting. One hundred and sixty days after

Estratégia em negócios internacionais: evidência em uma trading company que atua entre economias emergentes International business strategy: evidence from a trading company that operates in emerging economies

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Karim Marini Thomé

2013-04-01

Full Text Available No presente estudo retomam-se os questionamentos de Peng (2004; 2003 a respeito do que direciona a estratégia da firma e do que determina o sucesso ou o fracasso em negócios internacionais. Mais especificamente, investiga-se o que direcionou a estratégia de uma trading company e o que determinou o seu sucesso em negócios internacionais. O referencial teórico é dividido em duas partes. A primeira diz respeito ao negócio da trading company, pautada na atuação triangular de relacionamento entre trading company, clientes e fornecedores. Na segunda parte versa-se sobre as distintas abordagens ou bases da estratégia em negócios internacionais: competição industrial, recursos e capacidades da firma e condições e transições institucionais. O estudo é de natureza descritiva e qualitativa. Na coleta dos dados primários foram utilizados roteiro de entrevistas em profundidade, observação direta não participativa e análise documental, ao longo dos meses de julho de 2010 a janeiro de 2011. O caso selecionado para estudo é uma trading company que apresenta elevado volume transacionado entre economias emergentes. Os resultados evidenciaram que não há direcionador único na estratégia da trading company estudada. O que se observou foi uma variedade de estratégias baseadas ora em competitividade industrial, ora em recursos e capacidades da firma, ora em condições institucionais. Cada direcionador correspondeu, assim, a um determinado momento na trajetória da trading company estudada. Da mesma maneira, não foi observada uma ordem cronológica linear entre os direcionadores, tampouco a obsolescência dos direcionadores. Ao contrario, as evidências apontam que os direcionadores são cumulativos e cíclicos, e necessitam ser revisados e, até mesmo, repensados, em função de atributos organizacionais e de contexto ambiental que se modificam. O determinante de sucesso da trading company estudada em negócios internacionais entre

UTILIZATION OF Prosopis afiicana PULP FOR RABBIT FEEDING: 2

African Journals Online (AJOL)

IBB

The formulated diets contained similar crude protein content of 18%. The apparent ... These results indicate that Prosopis africana pulp can completely replace maize in the diets of ... serum albumin were determined by Biuret reactions. (Bush ...

Biochemical profile of cuttings used for in vitro organogenesis of ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Biochemical profile of cuttings used for in vitro organogenesis of Prunus africana: An endangered species in Cameroon. JG Nzweundji, N Niemenak, O Oumar, JJ Tsafack, K Konan, L Nyochembeng, C Noumi, DT Nehemie, DO Ndoumou ...

2144-IJBCS-Article-Amsatou Thiam

African Journals Online (AJOL)

hp

par Tamarix senegalensis, P. aculeata, S. senegalensis, Hibiscus asper, Brachiaria ramosa,. Combretum glutinosum et. Spermacoce stachydea. A. nilotica, Cyperus rotundus, Mytragyna inermis, Acacia seyal,. Commiphora africana, Dactyloctenium aegyptium, Zornia glochidiata, Cassia obtusifolia, Sida alba, Enterpogon ...

Department of Wildlife and Ecotourism Manage

African Journals Online (AJOL)

USER

2016-11-22

Nov 22, 2016 ... scattering seeds. In general, the removal offers some feedbacks for wildlife around the ... survey with previous data reveal that some species, such as Actophilornis africana African ..... the survey would have introduced bias as.

Ethnobotanical knowledge and practices of tradi- tional healers in ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

pus integer N.E.Br (80%), Punica granatum L. (75%) and Cordia africana L. ... to their attributes having wide biological and medicinal activities, high safety margins ..... tory activity and cardiovascular protective effect (Santhosha et al., 2013).

Risco sanitário do mel no Brasil em relação a novas ameaças: resíduos e contaminantes químicos emergentes | Honey health risk in Brazil related to new threats: emerging chemical residues and contaminants

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Thiago Bousquet Bandini

2017-02-01

Full Text Available Esta revisão de literatura narrativa trata do mel, sua contextualização como produto de variadas utilizações e com significativa relevância socioeconômica, tendo como objetivo descrever alguns resíduos e contaminantes químicos emergentes e seus aspectos relacionados à Vigilância Sanitária. O mel é uma substância que, além de ser utilizada como alimento desde o início da civilização humana, possui aplicações terapêuticas e farmacotécnicas. O Brasil está entre os grandes produtores e exportadores mundiais de mel, cuja produção tem relevante papel socioeconômico no país. Como outros produtos de origem animal, o mel está sujeito à presença de resíduos de substâncias utilizadas na proteção dos enxames e de contaminantes provenientes do meio ambiente. Apesar da presença de substâncias no mel com potencial impacto na saúde ser esperada pelas agências sanitárias, é necessária a atualização quanto a quais substâncias devem ou não ser monitoradas. Essa revisão relaciona exemplos de classes de substâncias que atualmente não são monitoradas, tidas como “emergentes” por ainda não serem regulamentadas adequadamente no Brasil e em diversas partes do mundo. Para os contaminantes emergentes aqui tratados, publicações científicas com dados nacionais são escassas ou inexistentes quando se trata de mel, demostrando que há necessidade de produção de conhecimento científico nessa área. Recomenda-se mais estudos acerca da ocorrência de quinolonas, alcaloides pirrolizidínicos, graianotoxinas e de substâncias utilizadas na produção de polímeros em mel no Brasil, para que riscos sanitários provenientes do consumo de mel contendo essas substâncias possam ser conhecidos e minimizados ou eliminados. ================================================ This narrative literature review deals with the honey, its context as a product of varied uses and with significant socio-economic relevance, aiming to

Modulation of key biochemical markers relevant to stroke by Antiaris ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Modulation of key biochemical markers relevant to stroke by Antiaris africana leaf extract following cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. Omotayo B. Ilesanmi, Afolabi C. Akinmoladun, Olanrewaju Sam Olayeriju, Ibrahim Olabayode Saliu, M. Tolulope Olaleye, Afolabi A. Akindahunsi ...

Cameroun

African Journals Online (AJOL)

SARAH

30 juin 2014 ... yohimbe, Rauvolfia vomitoria, Solanum lycopersicum,. Solanum nigrum, Solanum tuberosum, Voacanga africana, Voacanga thouarsii, Zingiber officinale. Les espèces exotiques sont : Acanthus montanus,. Ageratum conyzoides, Aloe vera, Allium sativum,. Apium graveolens, Amaranthus hybridus, Ananas.

Biokemistri - Vol 21, No 2 (2009)

African Journals Online (AJOL)

... in a lean black population · EMAIL FREE FULL TEXT EMAIL FREE FULL TEXT ... Linn: Implications for the Management of Obesity and Cardiovascular Diseases ... of Leaves, Stem and Root Barks of Prosopis africana in Laboratory Animals ...

On two new species of Siriella (Mysidacea)

Digital Repository Service at National Institute of Oceanography (India)

Panampunnayil, S.U.

Descriptions of two new mysids, Siriella africana ap. nov. collected from Agulhas Bank and S. intermedia sp. nov. collected from Laccadives are given. The present paper contains observations on two species of mysidacea collected from the Indian...

Repeated evolution of fungal cultivar specificity in independently evolved ant-plant-fungus symbioses.

Science.gov (United States)

Blatrix, Rumsaïs; Debaud, Sarah; Salas-Lopez, Alex; Born, Céline; Benoit, Laure; McKey, Doyle B; Attéké, Christiane; Djiéto-Lordon, Champlain

2013-01-01

Some tropical plant species possess hollow structures (domatia) occupied by ants that protect the plant and in some cases also provide it with nutrients. Most plant-ants tend patches of chaetothyrialean fungi within domatia. In a few systems it has been shown that the ants manure the fungal patches and use them as a food source, indicating agricultural practices. However, the identity of these fungi has been investigated only in a few samples. To examine the specificity and constancy of ant-plant-fungus interactions we characterised the content of fungal patches in an extensive sampling of three ant-plant symbioses (Petalomyrmex phylax/Leonardoxa africana subsp. africana, Aphomomyrmex afer/Leonardoxa africana subsp. letouzeyi and Tetraponera aethiops/Barteria fistulosa) by sequencing the Internal Transcribed Spacers of ribosomal DNA. For each system the content of fungal patches was constant over individuals and populations. Each symbiosis was associated with a specific, dominant, primary fungal taxon, and to a lesser extent, with one or two specific secondary taxa, all of the order Chaetothyriales. A single fungal patch sometimes contained both a primary and a secondary taxon. In one system, two founding queens were found with the primary fungal taxon only, one that was shown in a previous study to be consumed preferentially. Because the different ant-plant symbioses studied have evolved independently, the high specificity and constancy we observed in the composition of the fungal patches have evolved repeatedly. Specificity and constancy also characterize other cases of agriculture by insects.

Mapping of rDNA on the chromosomes of Eleusine species by fluorescence in situ hybridization.

Science.gov (United States)

Bisht, M S; Mukai, Y

2000-12-01

Mapping of rDNA sites on the chromosomes of four diploid and two tetraploid species of Eleusine has provided valuable information on genome relationship between the species. Presence of 18S-5.8S-26S rDNA on the largest pair of the chromosomes, location of 5S rDNA at four sites on two pairs of chromosomes and presence of 18S-5.8S-26S and 5S rDNA at same location on one pair of chromosomes have clearly differentiated E. multiflora from rest of the species of Eleusine. The two tetraploid species, E. coracana and E. africana have the same number of 18S-5.8S-26S and 5S rDNA sites and located at similar position on the chromosomes. Diploid species, E. indica, E. floccifolia and E. tristachya have the same 18S-5.8S-26S sites and location on the chromosomes which also resembled with the two pairs of 18S-5.8S-26S rDNA locations in tetraploid species, E. coracana and E. africana. The 5S rDNA sites on chromosomes of E. indica and E. floccifolia were also comparable to the 5S rDNA sites of E. africana and E. coracana. The similarity of the rDNA sites and their location on chromosomes in the three diploid and two polyploid species also supports the view that genome donors to tetraploid species may be from these diploid species.

Relative lack of regeneration of shade-intolerant canopy species in some South African forests

CSIR Research Space (South Africa)

Midgley, JJ

1995-01-01

Full Text Available Some species such as Celtis Africana, are experiencing relative recruitment bottlenecks, because there are usually fewer recruits [i.e. individuals <20 cm diameter at breast height, (dbh)] than canopy individuals. The species with low recruitment...

EJST V9N2

African Journals Online (AJOL)

The effects of land use types and soil depth on soil properties of Agedit watershed, Northwest. Ethiopia ... are the most widely practiced activities in Ethiopia. (Eyayu Molla et al., .... are Olea europaea L. subsp cuspidata, Cordia africana Lam.

Huellas de las religiones tradicionales del África subsahariana en América Latina y el Caribe

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Lazaro Cabrera Thompson

2008-01-01

Full Text Available El artículo explora las religiones tradicionales practicadas por los pueblos ewe-mina, ewe-fon, bantú y yoruba del África subsahariana, antes de abordar las formas como estas prácticas religiosas persisten en el “Nuevo Mundo” tras la llegada forzosa de aquellos esclavizados africanos. Con base en la presencia de estas religiones tradicionales africanas en distintos países latinoamericanos y caribeño, se evidencia un conjunto religioso fusionado por historias, mitos, leyendas, danza, música, etc. de ascendencia africana y se hace un llamado a los/ as investigadores/as, que desde América Latina y el Caribe, indagan sobre las religiones tradicionales yoruba, para que franqueen los límites de Nigeria con el fin de abarcar a toda la diáspora yoruba.

Implementar la enseñanza-aprendizaje de la educación física mediante TICs

OpenAIRE

Díaz Barahona, José

2013-01-01

Documento para estudiantes de Grado y Máster de Educación Física o para educadores físicos de Primaria y/o Secundaria El documento expone cómo aportar valor añadido a la enseñanza y al aprendizaje de la Educación Física a través de las TIC. Responde a cuestiones básicas cómo: para qué, por qué y cómo utilizar la tecnología educativa en la disciplina. Alude a la necesidad de complementar las tecnologías emergentes con pedagogías emergentes y explica cómo pueden los educadores físicos desarr...

Antibacterial activity of eight medicinal plants against Diarrhoea ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

The studies involve the phytochemical screening and antibacterial activity of leaf extracts eight medicinal plants. The selected plants were Timarindus indica, Guiera senegalensis, Prosopis africana, Deterium microcarpum, Citrus aurantifolia, Psidium guajava, Acacia nilotica and Momordica charantia. Methanolics and ...

African Health Sciences Vol 9 Special Issue.pmd

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Administrator

This study was carried out to determine the antibacterial activity of plant extracts of Olea africana stem-bark ... that will/or provide novel or lead compounds that may be employed in ..... Dweck, A.C. Article for cosmetics & toiletries magazine.

Phytochemical and anti-microbial activity of methanolic extract of ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

The antibacterial activity of leaf extracts of Moringa oleifera Lam, Azadirachta indica, Aspilia africana (Pers) C. D. Adams against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus saphrophyticus were determined using agar diffusion method. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) ...

2 AA Ogungbure Internalism in African epistemology pp39-54

African Journals Online (AJOL)

REGINALDS

Yet the life experiences of African people are multi-dimensional, revealing the nature of reality to African ... existence of gods and other spirit beings in African religion. The spiritual ..... “Nickels in the nation sack: Continuity in Africana spiritual.

Phytochemical and anti-microbial activity of methanolic extract of ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

The antibacterial activity of leaf extracts of Moringa oleifera Lam, Azadirachta indica, Aspilia Africana (Pers) C. D. Adams against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus saphrophyticus were determined using agar diffusion method. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) ...

A obesidade infantil: um problema emergente

OpenAIRE

Sousa, Joana; Loureiro, Isabel; Carmo, Isabel do

2008-01-01

A obesidade é um dos problemas de saúde mais graves que afecta crianças e adolescentes a nível mundial. As evidências sugerem que o problema está a agravar-se rapidamente. O aumento da prevalência de obesidade infantil pode fazer com que a próxima geração apresente indicadores de obesidade no adulto superiores aos indicadores actuais. Pelo facto de a obesidade estar intimamente associada a diferentes patologias crónicas faz com que estejamos perante um enorme desafio para o sistema de cuidado...

Redes sociais na internet: Sociabilidades emergentes

OpenAIRE

Amaral, Inês

2016-01-01

Na actual era da cultura digital é imperativo identificar e compreender os tipos de sociabilidade que emergem das novas práticas e relações que ocorrem no ciberespaço, para que seja possível teorizar sobre realidades sociais que são desenhadas em torno da apropriação do conteúdo e materializadas em plataformas que se assumem como o termómetro de uma sociedade sem determinismo geográfico. A sociabilização em contexto digital reporta-se ao princípio de que um mundo de informação (conteúdos, ...

APPUNTI PASOLINIANI PER UN'ORESTIADE AFRICANA

African Journals Online (AJOL)

User

in versi del 1964, L'uomo di Bandung, in P. P. Pasolini, Bestemmia, a cura di G. Chiarcossi e W. Siti ... aver visitato Bombay, Calcutta e Nuova Delhi, in febbraio i tre amici ..... africani mossi dal vento, nei silenzi sovraumani, nel cieco istinto di.

BIOSORPTION OF LEAD BY AFZELIA AFRICANA

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Dr Kalu 2

2013-08-07

Aug 7, 2013 ... when low concentrations of these heavy metal ions (in the range of 1- 100 ... heavy metals res- ponsible for causing kidney damage, renal disorder, high .... gradually dissociated and the positively charged cadmium ions will ...

A CHAPTER OF EARLY MEDICAL AFRICANA*

African Journals Online (AJOL)

1971-05-08

May 8, 1971 ... each face 252 Rhynland feet long, constructed of earth,. 20 feet in thickness at the base and tapering to 16 feet at the top, 12 feet high. Round the whole ..... cupping was effected by means of the hollow, cut ends of animal horns and blood letting appears to be done. '""".f\\''',(. Fig. 5. A graphic illustration of ...

Activities of selected medicinal plants against multi-drug resistant ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

The present work was designed to assess the in vitro antibacterial activities of some Cameroonian medicinal plants including Entada abyssinica, Entada africana, Pentaclethra macrophylla, Allexis cauliflora, Anthocleista leibrechtsiana, Carapa procera, Carica papaya and Persea americana against Gram-negative bacteria ...

Trophic ecology of Lepidoptera larvae associated with woody vegetation in a savanna ecosystem

CSIR Research Space (South Africa)

Scholtz, CH

1982-06-01

Full Text Available This study represents a quantitative survey of a Lepidoptera community and deals with the trophic ecology of the 27 species of foliage-feeding Lepidoptera on the eight dominant woody plants in the Burkea africana-Eragrostis pallens savanna...

Antílope

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Pedro Anderson Martinho Moçambique

2015-10-01

Full Text Available Essa espécie de antílope só é encontrada em território angolano, sendo assim um símbolo nacional. Segundo a mitologia africana é símbolo de vivacidade, velocidade e beleza - Angola.

Antílope

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Pedro Anderson Martinho Moçambique

2011-04-01

Full Text Available Essa espécie de antílope só é encontrada em território angolano, sendo assim um símbolo nacional. Segundo a mitologia africana é símbolo de vivacidade, velocidade e beleza - Angola.

ОЗГ ГИФЛЕГРГ

African Journals Online (AJOL)

USER

2015-04-23

Apr 23, 2015 ... feeding habits of elephants and destruction of O. africana, to establish the relationship between ... living organisms, forms part of the ... it but also developed a better way of .... is a tree with weak stems that break easily.

The benthos of South Lake, St Lucia following a period of stable ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Haminea petersi; the gastropod Assiminea sp.; the polychaetes. Marphysa macintoshi, Glycera tridactyla and Dendronereis ar-. boriJera; oligochaetes; nemerteans; the crab Hymenosoma or- bicu/are; the tanaid Apseudes digitalis-, the amphipod Grandi- dierella lignorum; cumaceans and the mysid Mesopodopsis africana.

Furocyst

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Arun Kumar Agnihotri

Bioefficacy of non-edible parts of Punica granatum: From antioxidant, antibacterial to apoptotic inducing ... Neem seed kernel synthesized silver nanoparticles against Anopheles stephensi and Plasmodium falciparum .... In vitro antibacterial, antioxidant and free radical scavenging activities of fractions of Funtumia africana.

Women's Involvement in Non Timber Forest Products Utilization in ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Vitellaria paradoxa, Parkia biglobosa and Prosopis africana were more important for food and income while Nauclea latifolia, Khaya senegalensis ranked highest for medicine. Woody plants preferred as fuel wood included; Parkia biglobosa, Brachystegia eurycoma and Bridelia feruginea. Community Forest Programmes ...

Seed Dispersal Potential of Asian Elephants

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Harich, Franziska K.; Treydte, Anna Christina; Ogutu, Joseph Ochieng

2016-01-01

Elephants, the largest terrestrial mega-herbivores, play an important ecological role in maintaining forest ecosystem diversity. While several plant species strongly rely on African elephants (Loxodonta africana; L. cyclotis) as seed dispersers, little is known about the dispersal potential of As...

APPLICATION OF A POLYSACCHARIDE DERIVED FROM ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

While Tragacanth was superior to Treculia gum, the latter performed better than sodium carboxymethylcellulose (SCMC) as a sustained release hydrophilic matrix for theophylline hydrate. Key Words: Polysaccharide, Treculia africana, Moreaceae, Hydrophilic matrix, theophylline hydrate and dissolution rate. Nig. J. Nat.

Download this PDF file

African Journals Online (AJOL)

home

2014-06-02

Jun 2, 2014 ... activities are also reasons for the reduction of forests in. Ethiopia. The high ... crucial role in tempering the effects of climate and help protect vital water ..... storey is Cordia africana, which shows the plant, has no regeneration ...

Temas emergentes em gestão de pessoas: uma análise da produção acadêmica Emerging issues in human resources management: an analysis of academic production

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Wilson Aparecido Costa de Amorim

2011-08-01

Full Text Available This study shows outcomes from a research about national and international academic production about eight emergent human resource themes: strategic human resource management, diversity management, talent management, international human resource management, organizational learning, social responsibility, generation management, and kinds of flexible job. This group of themes were defined by a previous bibliography revision. This revision included studies and researches published at the last five years about human resource trends at important journals and events. The outcomes were combined with specialist opinions. The analysis identified that international human resource management, strategic human resource management, organizational learning, diversity management were the most common themes. The study also identified that under the methological point of view, the bigger part of the researches were exploratory; the most common methological studies profile were theoretical and empirical and the quantitative approach was predominant.Este estudo resulta de uma investigação da produção acadêmica nacional e internacional sobre oito temas emergentes em gestão de pessoas: gestão estratégica de pessoas, gestão da diversidade, gestão de talentos, gestão de pessoas internacional, aprendizagem organizacional, responsabilidade social, gestão de gerações e modalidades de trabalho flexível. Esses temas destacaram-se em uma revisão prévia da literatura, que analisou os estudos e as pesquisas sobre tendências, na área, publicados nos últimos cinco anos em importantes fontes, combinada à discussão com especialistas. A análise dos artigos investigados mostrou os temas gestão de pessoas internacional, gestão estratégica de pessoas, aprendizagem organizacional e gestão da diversidade, respectivamente, como os mais frequentes dentro de método utilizado. Quanto aos aspectos metodológicos, a abrangência analítica mais frequente foi a

Recuperação de matéria seca e composição química de silagens de gramíneas do gênero Cynodon submetidas a períodos de pré-emurchecimento Recovery of dry matter and chemical composition of Cynodon sp. stargrass silage under periods of pre-wilting

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

João Paulo Souza Quaresma

2010-10-01

Full Text Available Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito de períodos de pré-emurchecimento das gramíneas Estrela- Africana-Branca [Cynodon plectostachyus (K. Schum. Pilg.] e Tifton 85 (Cynodon sp. sobre algumas características de suas silagens. Utilizou-se delineamento inteiramente casualizado com dez tratamentos e três repetições. Os tratamentos foram dispostos em esquema fatorial 2x5, sendo duas gramíneas (Estrela-Africana-Branca e Tifton 85 e cinco períodos de pré-emurchecimento da forragem (0, 1, 2, 3 e 4 h. As gramíneas foram cortadas aos 50 dias de rebrotação e permaneceram ensiladas por 55 dias em silos experimentais. O pré-emurchecimento promoveu aumento no teor de matéria seca da forragem cortada e da silagem das gramíneas Tifton 85 e Estrela Africana Branca. Houve diminuição nos teores de N-amoniacal (N-NH3/N-total da silagem do capim-estrela-africana-branca, a uma taxa de 1,66 unidade percentual por hora de pré-emurchecimento, mas não houve alteração nessa variável da silagem do capim-tifton 85. A silagem do capim-tifton 85 apresentou maior recuperação de matéria seca, maior teor de FDN e menor teor de proteína bruta do que a silagem do capim-estrela-africana-branca. O pH e o teor de FDA das silagens não foram influenciados pelo pré-emurchecimento.The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of periods of pre-wilting of stargrass [Cynodon plectostachyus (K. Schum. Pilg.] and Tifton 85 bermudagrass (Cynodon sp. on some characteristics of their silage. Arandomized design with ten treatments and three replications was used. The treatments were arranged in a 2x5 factorial, two grasses (stargrass and Tifton 85 and five periods of pre-wilting of forage (0, 1, 2, 3 and 4 h. The grasses were harvested at 50 days regrowth and stored for 55 days in experimental silos. The pre-wilting caused an increase in dry matter content of forage and silage of both, Tifton 85 and stargrass. There was a decrease in the levels of ammonia-N (N-NH3/N

La dialéctica del amo y el esclavo como clave interpretativa del teatro emergente en la dictadura uruguaya de los años 70 The master-slave dialectic as a key for understanding the emergent theatre during the Uruguayan dictatorship of the '70s

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Helena Modzelewski

2007-12-01

Full Text Available Aristóteles y Freud, entre otros, apoyaron la idea de que el teatro, a través de la catarsis o la posibilidad de purgar deseos reprimidos, ocupa un lugar central en la vida social, especialmente cuando regímenes totalitarios suspenden las libertades fundamentales. Sin embargo, en el microsistema teatral emergente en el Uruguay de la dictadura aparece un héroe degradado, sometido a la violencia. ¿Cómo lograba el receptor su catarsis al observar a un anti-héroe que perpetuaba la realidad opresiva? La respuesta se encuentra en Hegel y su dialéctica del amo y el esclavo. Veremos cómo puede aplicarse esta hipótesis a dos ejemplos del microsistema mencionado.Aristotle and Freud, among others, supported the idea that drama plays a central role in social life, through catharsis or the possibility of purging repressed desires, particularly when totalitarian regimes suspend fundamental freedoms. However, in the theatrical microsystem emerging during the Uruguayan dictatorship (1973-1984, the kind of hero that arose was humiliated, subjected to violence. How did the spectator reach his/her catharsis by observing an anti-hero that perpetuated the country's reality on stage? The answer to this question lies in Hegel and his dialectic of master and slave. This paper shall look into the way in which this hypothesis can be applied to two examples of the microsystem mentioned above.

Antihypertensive effects of double the maximum dose of valsartan in African-American patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and albuminuria

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Weir, Matthew R; Hollenberg, Norman K; Zappe, Dion H

2010-01-01

The blood pressure (BP)-lowering response to renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system blockade in hypertensive African-Americans is typically less than in whites. To determine whether higher than conventional doses of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system blockade can improve BP reduction in African-A...

Effect of Processing on the Elemental Composition of Selected Leafy ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

The elemental composition of leaves of Vernonia amygdalina, Gnetum africana, Gongronema latifolium and Ocimum gratissimum subjected to different processing methods were investigated. Processing methods employed include oven drying, sun drying, fresh milling, steaming and a combination of these while the mineral ...

Transformative Learning and the Road to Maternal Leadership

Science.gov (United States)

Panton, Rachel

2016-01-01

This study of three Africana (Black women of the Diaspora) holistic health educators shows how their woman-centered learning cultures led them to personal transformation and leadership roles. Understanding their development can inform educational programming and support services for Black women students.

Download this PDF file

African Journals Online (AJOL)

USER

The ripe fruits of P. africana were collected from the premises of the ... were then set up in an organ bath containing ... observed (Ward and Elsea, 1977; ..... Press p. 46. OKOYE I. E. (1999): Pilot Scale-up. Application of gum from Prosopis.

1761-IJBCS-Article-Cathérine Nicole Doume Doume

African Journals Online (AJOL)

hp

11-76. Oyekanmi, Funmilayo B. 2011. Bio-ecology of freshwater prawns Macrobrachium vollenhovenii (Herklots, 1857) and. Caridina africana (Kingsley, 1882) at. Asejire Lake and Erin-ijesa waterfalls,. Nigeria. M.Tech. Fisheries Management. Sipauba -Tavares LH. 1998. Limnologia dos Sistemas de Cultivo. Carcinicultura.

Effect of long-term exclusion of fire and herbivory on the soils and ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

The wettest grassland, Piet Retief Sourveld on a southern aspect, was transformed to a shrubland matrix (mainly Helichrysum splendidum) with tree clumps of forest precursor species (Rhus dentata, Halleria lucida, Myrsine africana, Buddleja salviifolia, Leucosidea ... Ferns benefitted from exclusion of fire and herbivory.

Molecular identification of Azolla invasions in Africa: The Azolla specialist, Stenopelmus rufinasus proves to be an excellent taxonomist

Science.gov (United States)

Biological control of Azolla filiculoides in South Africa with the Azolla specialist Stenopelmus rufinasus has been highly successful. However, field surveys showed that the agent utilized another Azolla species, thought to be the native Azolla pinnata subsp. africana, which contradicted host specif...

Browse Title Index

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Items 1 - 50 of 139 ... ... basic density and strength properties of Cordia africana lam. grown ... Vol 78, No 1 (2008), Effect of aspect on distribution pattern of ... Vol 79, No 1 (2009), Energy expenditure and physiological strain of pitsawing activity in ...

Panorama dos modelos de negócios emerg entes da tv digital aberta

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Felippe Souza de Lima

2015-12-01

Full Text Available O presente artigo tem como objetivo descrever modelos de negócios emergentes aplicados àTV digital aberta. A partir de uma pesquisa exploratória, o trabalho apresenta a atual realidadeda televisão aberta e seus modelos de negócios. Posteriormente, é feito um mapeamentopanorâmico buscando, assim, novas oportunidades de geração de receitas em negócio decomunicação audiovisual, considerando novos recursos tecnológicos que foramproporcionados pela digitalização da televisão aberta. Por fim, são apresentados casos,demonstrando maneiras adotadas por emissoras televisivas para gerar conteúdo adicionalmultiplataforma e desdobramentos estratégicos desenvolvidos para captar receitas por meiodestes modelos de negócios emergentes.

Repeated evolution of fungal cultivar specificity in independently evolved ant-plant-fungus symbioses.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Rumsaïs Blatrix

Full Text Available Some tropical plant species possess hollow structures (domatia occupied by ants that protect the plant and in some cases also provide it with nutrients. Most plant-ants tend patches of chaetothyrialean fungi within domatia. In a few systems it has been shown that the ants manure the fungal patches and use them as a food source, indicating agricultural practices. However, the identity of these fungi has been investigated only in a few samples. To examine the specificity and constancy of ant-plant-fungus interactions we characterised the content of fungal patches in an extensive sampling of three ant-plant symbioses (Petalomyrmex phylax/Leonardoxa africana subsp. africana, Aphomomyrmex afer/Leonardoxa africana subsp. letouzeyi and Tetraponera aethiops/Barteria fistulosa by sequencing the Internal Transcribed Spacers of ribosomal DNA. For each system the content of fungal patches was constant over individuals and populations. Each symbiosis was associated with a specific, dominant, primary fungal taxon, and to a lesser extent, with one or two specific secondary taxa, all of the order Chaetothyriales. A single fungal patch sometimes contained both a primary and a secondary taxon. In one system, two founding queens were found with the primary fungal taxon only, one that was shown in a previous study to be consumed preferentially. Because the different ant-plant symbioses studied have evolved independently, the high specificity and constancy we observed in the composition of the fungal patches have evolved repeatedly. Specificity and constancy also characterize other cases of agriculture by insects.

African Health Sciences Vol 9 Special Issue.pmd

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Administrator

Abstract. Background: Current strategies to overcome the global problem of antimicrobial resistance include research in finding new and innovative antimicrobials from plants. This study was carried out to determine the antibacterial activity of plant extracts of Olea africana stem-bark, Psidium guajava leaves, Vernonia ...

In-vitro antibacterial activity of selected medicinal plants from ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Background: Current strategies to overcome the global problem of antimicrobial resistance include research in finding new and innovative antimicrobials from plants. This study was carried out to determine the antibacterial activity of plant extracts of Olea africana stem-bark, Psidium guajava leaves, Vernonia amygdalina ...

Degradation properties of wild Adansonia digitata (Baobab) and ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

The deterioration of Adansonia digitata and Prosopsis africana oils on storage for 140 days was evaluated using chemical and physical parameters. The chemical parameters evaluated included peroxide value (PV), iodine value (IV), percentage free fatty acids (%FFA), and saponification value (SV). The physical ...

Comparing direct image and wavelet transform-based approaches to analysing remote sensing imagery for predicting wildlife distribution

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Murwira, A.; Skidmore, A.K.

2010-01-01

In this study we tested the ability to predict the probability of elephant (Loxodonta africana) presence in an agricultural landscape of Zimbabwe based on three methods of measuring the spatial heterogeneity in vegetation cover, where vegetation cover was measured using the Landsat Thematic Mapper

Larvicidal properties of three plants on Anopheles gambiae ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

No larvae exposed to Q. africana developed into pupae while development was also curtailed when exposed to K. senegalensis and L. multiflora extracts. Larvicidal activity was concentration dependent. These plants could be sources of botanical insecticides for malarial control. Journal of Pharmacy and Bioresources, Vol.

Revision of the genus Parzaommomyia Girault (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), with taxonomic notes on related genera

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Gumovsky, A.; Ubaidillah, R.

2002-01-01

The eulophid genus Parzaommomyia Girault, 1915, is revised and redefined. Five new species are described and illustrated: P. sulensis spec. nov. from Sulawesi and West Malaysia, P. africana spec. nov. from Nigeria, P. crassicornis spec. nov. from Sulawesi, New Guinea and China, P. achterbergi spec.

78 FR 9725 - Endangered Species; Receipt of Applications for Permit

Science.gov (United States)

2013-02-11

...-66682A The applicant requests a permit to re-export a captive-born male Asian elephant (Elephas maximus... species (Mescocapromys species), African elephant (Loxodonta Africana), Asian elephant (Elephas maximus... covers activities to be conducted by the applicant over a 5-year period Applicant: Hawthorn Corporation...

“Los niños no tienen ni idea”: La forma en que los estudios de caso pueden contribuir a la formación de hábitos de pensamiento democráticos (“The children don’t have any idea”: How case studies of controversy can help build democratic habits of mind

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Thomas Misco

2009-06-01

Full Text Available ResumenEste artículo explora los caminos que hay que seguir y los desafíos que hay que enfrentar para fortalecer la educación cívica en las democracias emergentes. En primer lugar, se presenta la idea de emplear temas polémicos como una manera de lograr este objetivo, en especial cuando tales temas se trabajan en conjunto con el pensamiento reflexivo. Luego, apoyados en tres estudios recientes, se entrelazan las características culturales y contextuales de las experiencias escolares y se presenta una tipología emergente dirigida a investigadores y a encargados de formular políticas en distintos contextos para que exploren la forma de tratar de manera consciente y deliberada temas polémicos en entornos especiales.AbstractThis article explores the pathways and challenges to strengthening civic education in nascent democracies.I first provide a rationale for employing controversial issues as a way of achieving this end, especially when used in conjunction with reflective thinking. Then, by drawing on three recent studies, I cinch together the cross-cultural contextual features of school experiences and provide an emergent typology for researchers and policy-makers in other contexts as they work to explore conscious and deliberate treatment of controversial issues in unique settings.ResumoEste artigo explora os caminhos que devem ser seguidos e os desafios que há que enfrentar para fortalecer a educação cívica nas democracias emergentes. Em primeiro lugar, apresenta-se a idéia de empregar temas polêmicos como uma maneira de atingir este objetivo, especialmente quando tais temas trabalham-se em conjunto com o pensamento reflexivo. Depois, apoiados em três estudos recentes, entrelaçam-se as características culturais e contextuais das experiências escolares e apresenta-se una tipologia emergente dirigida a pesquisadores e a encarregados de formular políticas em distintos contextos para que explorem a forma de tratar de maneira

Creolising Political Identity and Social Scientific Method

African Journals Online (AJOL)

2014-06-16

Jun 16, 2014 ... *Associate Professor of Political Science and Africana Studies. ... it therefore operated in multiple languages and insisted that theoretical work is necessarily .... antislavery organisations and of the Haitian Revolution offer a good ..... for consideration is its disposition toward the nature of symbolic life. The.

Trypanocidal activity of the aqueous leave extract of Holarrhena ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

This study evaluated the trypanocidal activity of aqueous extracts of leaves of young Holarrhena africana. The trypanocidal activity was evaluated by treatment of mice infected with Trypanosoma brucei brucei at the peak of infection. The aqueous extract was administered intraperitoneally for 5 consecutive days with varied ...

Length-weight relationships of five fish species in Epe lagoon, Nigeria

African Journals Online (AJOL)

The fishes (Clarias gariepinus (Burch), Illisha africana Bloch), Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus (Lacepede), Chrysichthys walkeri (Gunther) and Ethmalosa fimbriata (Bowdich)) were obtained from fish landing site at Epe market from November 2001 to October 2002, and January to December 2003. The parameters a and b of the ...

Population Structure and Diversity in Finger Millet (Eleusine coracana) Germplasm.

Science.gov (United States)

A genotypic analysis of 79 finger millet accessions (E. coracana subsp. coracana) from 11 African and 5 Asian countries, plus 14 wild E. coracana subsp. africana lines collected in Uganda and Kenya was conducted with 45 SSR markers distributed across the finger millet genome. Phylogenetic and popula...

Variability in estuarine water temperature gradients and influence on ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Structure and variability of water temperature gradients and potential influence on distribution of two tropical zooplankters (the mysid Mesopodopsis africana and the copepod Acartia natalensis) and their temperate congenerics (M. wooldridgei and A. longipatella) was investigated over a 10-year period in the Mgazi Estuary, ...

Tamarix minoa (Tamaricaceae), a new species from the island of Crete (Greece) based on morphological and plastid molecular sequence data

Science.gov (United States)

Tamarix minoa is described from material collected on the S Aegean island of Crete (Kriti), Greece. A morphological comparison with the species considered to be closest, T. africana and T. hampeana, is provided. An original illustration showing the main morphological characters of the new species is...

Journal of Research in Forestry, Wildlife and Environment - Vol 8 ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Socio-economic contribution of African breadfruit (Treculia africana Decne) toward sustainable livelihood in eastern, Nigeria · EMAIL FREE FULL TEXT EMAIL FREE FULL TEXT · DOWNLOAD FULL TEXT DOWNLOAD FULL TEXT. O.B. Uluocha, A.U. Udeagha, S.I. Udofia, C.I. Duruigbo, 40-57 ...

Author Details

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Evaluation de l'activite antihyperglycemiante de Holarrhena africana, Strophantus hispidus Et Bridelia ferruginea, plantes utilisees dans le traitement du diabete en medecine traditionnelle au Togo Abstract · Vol 17, No 1 (2015) - Articles Distribution et utilites des mauvaises herbes des champs de cultures du campus ...

Determining the correct identity of South African Marthasterias ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Although the allopatric distribution, high genetic divergence (more than 3% for the COI fragment) and morphological differences suggest that the South African form should be raised to species status under the name Marthasterias africana, further work must assess an independent genetic marker (nuclear) to support raising ...

Pulmonary nocardiosis caused by Nocardia otitidiscaviarum in an ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Nocardia asteroides DSM 43757 AF430019. Nocardia brasiliensis DSM 43758 AF430038. Nocardia farcinica ATCC 3318. Nocardia vinacea MK703-102F1 AB024312. Nocardia jiangxiensis 43401 AY639902. Nocardia miyunensis 117 AY639901. Nocardia vermiculata IFM 0391 AB126873. Nocardia africana DSM 44491 ...

Managing African Elephant Populations: Act or let die

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Colenbrander, Ben; Gooijer, Jean de; Paling, Robert; Stout, Susanna; Stout, Tom; Allen, Twink

2004-01-01

During the last century, the number of African elephant (Loxodonta africana) declined dramatically as a result of over-hunting, poaching for ivory and, more recently, the loss of habitat area due to encroachment of the human population. In some areas, however, the trend to declining numbers was

Browse Title Index

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Items 251 - 300 of 316 ... Vol 11 (2007), Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids From Cynoglossum furcatam, Abstract. S Ravi, T Ravikumar, A J Lakshmanan. Vol 7 (2003), QUAFRINOIC ACIDS: TWO NEW TRITERPENIODS FROM QUASSIA AFRICANA STEM BARK, Abstract. EO Ajaiyeoba, HC Krebs. Vol 13 (2009), Quality control of ...

Complete mitochondrial genome and phylogeny of Pleistocene mammoth Mammuthus primigenius.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Evgeny I Rogaev

2006-03-01

Full Text Available Phylogenetic relationships between the extinct woolly mammoth (Mammuthus primigenius, and the Asian (Elephas maximus and African savanna (Loxodonta africana elephants remain unresolved. Here, we report the sequence of the complete mitochondrial genome (16,842 base pairs of a woolly mammoth extracted from permafrost-preserved remains from the Pleistocene epoch--the oldest mitochondrial genome sequence determined to date. We demonstrate that well-preserved mitochondrial genome fragments, as long as approximately 1,600-1700 base pairs, can be retrieved from pre-Holocene remains of an extinct species. Phylogenetic reconstruction of the Elephantinae clade suggests that M. primigenius and E. maximus are sister species that diverged soon after their common ancestor split from the L. africana lineage. Low nucleotide diversity found between independently determined mitochondrial genomic sequences of woolly mammoths separated geographically and in time suggests that north-eastern Siberia was occupied by a relatively homogeneous population of M. primigenius throughout the late Pleistocene.

A HISTÓRIA DA ÁFRICA E DA CULTURA AFROBRASILEIRA NAS ESCOLAS MUNICIPAIS DA CIDADE DE PALMAS – TOCANTINS: REPERCUSSÕES E TENSÕES DA LEI E DAS DIRETRIZES

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ana Lúcia Pereira

2016-09-01

Full Text Available A Lei nº 10.639/03 tornou obrigatória a inclusão de história da África e da cultura afro-brasileira nos currículos escolares. As Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais para a Educação das Relações Étnico-Raciais e para o ensino de história e cultura afro-brasileira e africana, dela derivada, motivou um movimento pela busca de formação dos professores e pela reformulação e/ou adaptação dos projetos políticos pedagógicos das escolas. O objetivo do texto é o de refletir sobre esse impacto ou as possíveis mudanças no projeto político-pedagógico, bem como os materiais disponibilizados nas bibliotecas e as questões ligadas às religiões de matriz africana nas escolas municipais de ensino fundamental, da cidade de Palmas/TO.

A CRISE ESTRUTURAL DOS JORNAIS Uma exploração comparativa sobre a situação nos EUA e no Brasil

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Carlos Alves Müller

2011-10-01

Full Text Available Os jornais dos principais países desenvolvidos vivem uma crise frequentemente atribuída ao desenvolvimento das mídias digitais. Essa situação parece não se reproduzir nas maiores economias emergentes. O presente trabalho sustenta que, embora o surgimento e avanço dessas mídias tenham efetivamente afetado negativamente o desempenho das empresas jornalísticas, a crise em questão é estrutural e suas origens antecedem o surgimento das mídias digitais. A hipótese de que a situação dos países emergentes seja estruturalmente diversa é testada e, acredita-se, refutada por meio de uma analise comparativa da evolução recente do negócio jornal nos EUA e no Brasil.

Tolerância inicial de plantas de pinhão-manso a herbicidas aplicados em pré e pós-emergência Initial tolerance of physic nut plants to pre and post-emergence herbicide application

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

E.A.L. Erasmo

2009-01-01

Full Text Available O presente trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a tolerância inicial de plantas de pinhão-manso a herbicidas pré e pós-emergentes, aplicados isolados e em misturas. Foram realizados dois experimentos em condições de campo, sendo um com herbicidas pré-emergentes e outro com herbicidas pós-emergentes. Os tratamentos com os herbicidas pré-emergentes utilizados foram: atrazine (3.000 g ha-1, diuron (2.000 g ha-1, oxyfluorfen (720 g ha-1, trifluralin (890 g ha-1, pendimethalin (1.250 g ha-1, isoxaflutole (93,8 g ha-1, S-metolachlor (1.920 g ha-1, atrazine+S-metolachlor (1.500+960 g ha-1, isoxaflutole+diuron (46,9+1.000 g ha-1, trifluralin+diuron (450+1.000 g ha-1, além de uma testemunha sem aplicação. Os tratamentos com os herbicidas pós-emergentes foram: haloxyfop-methyl (60 g ha-1, nicosulfuron (60 g ha-1, sethoxydim (368 g ha-1, fluazifop-p-butyl (125 g ha-1, fluazifop-p-butyl (250 g ha-1, fomesafen (125 g ha-1, fomesafen (250 g ha-1, fluazifop-p-butyl+fomesafen (250+250 g ha-1, fluazifop-p-butyl+fomesafen (200+250 g ha ¹, clethodim + fenoxaprop-p-ethyl (50+50 g ha-1, além de uma testemunha sem aplicação e outra capinada. Os tratamentos foram dispostos em delineamento experimental de blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições. No experimento com herbicidas pré-emergentes verificou-se que plantas de pinhão-manso foram tolerantes ao diuron, trifluralin, pendimethalin, isoxaflutole, S-metolachlor e às misturas isoxaflutole+diuron e trifluralin+diuron. Com relação ao experimento com herbicidas pós-emergentes, destacaram-se o haloxyfop-methyl, sethoxydim, fluazifop-p-butyl (125 g ha-1 e a mistura clethodim+fenoxaprop-p-ethyl.This study aimed to evaluate the initial tolerance of physic nut plants to pre and post-emergence herbicides, applied alone and in mixtures. Thus, two experiments were conducted under field conditions, one with pre-emergence herbicides and the other with post-emergence herbicides. The treatments using the pre

Educação permanente em saúde e as Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais para Educação das relações étnico-raciais e para ensino de História e Cultura Afro-Brasileira e Africana

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Rosana Batista Monteiro

Full Text Available Resumo Este texto é um ensaio sobre algumas contribuições que o curso de especialização em Saúde da Mulher Negra pode ter produzido para a abordagem dos conteúdos relacionados nas Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais para a Educação das Relações Étnico-raciais e para o Ensino de História e Cultura Afro-brasileira e Africana, bem como em atenção à Política Nacional de Saúde Integral da População Negra, com destaque para a educação permanente. A partir de breve contextualização sobre o debate no campo das relações raciais e ações afirmativas no Brasil passamos a apresentar a organização e funcionamento do curso, destacando seus objetivos, conteúdos, estratégias. Com foco nos profissionais da saúde, o curso contou com significativa presença de profissionais da educação básica pública, municipal e estadual, das cidades de São Luís e Pinheiro, no Maranhão, implicando a discussão do tema saúde da população negra (especialmente da mulher negra no âmbito da escola. O curso propiciou a elaboração de projetos de pesquisa relacionados diretamente com o atendimento à saúde de mulheres negras e sua relação com processos formativos de profissionais da área da saúde, bem como educação escolar e saúde de mulheres negras. Pode-se concluir, ainda que provisoriamente, que o curso, na perspectiva da educação permanente, resultou em estratégia eficaz para o desenvolvimento de conteúdos relacionados às DCNERER e, especialmente, de viabilização de implementação da Política Nacional de Saúde Integral da População Negra, realizadas ou desencadeadas nos serviços de saúde pelos cursistas.

Eficiência de herbicidas pré-emergentes após períodos de seca Efficiency of pre-emergence herbicides after different periods of drought

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

P.A. Monquero

2008-03-01

Full Text Available Objetivou-se, com este trabalho, estudar a eficácia de herbicidas pré-emergentes após períodos de seca, em dois tipos de solo. Foram realizados dois ensaios simultâneos em casa de vegetação: no primeiro foram aplicados os herbicidas (trifloxysulfuron-sodium + ametryn - 351 + 99 g ha-1 + (diuron + hexazinone - 1.097 + 27,77 g ha-1, trifloxysulfuron-sodium + ametryn - 1.463 + 37 g ha-1, diuron + hexazinone - 1.170 + 330 g ha-1, imazapyr - 200 g ha-1 e imazapic - 122,5 g ha-1, em vasos com amostras de Latossolo Vermelho distroférrico (textura argilosa; e, no segundo, as doses foram ajustadas em função dos teores de matéria orgânica e argila do solo e aplicadas em vasos com amostras de Latossolo Vermelho distrófico (textura média. Em cada ensaio, foram utilizados Cucumis sativus e Sorghum bicolor como espécies bioindicadoras e seis períodos de seca após as aplicações dos herbicidas (0, 10, 20, 40, 60 e 90 dias, com quatro repetições. Os sintomas de intoxicação foram observados aos 7, 14 e 21 dias após semeadura dos bioindicadores. Os herbicidas apresentaram maior estabilidade, ou seja, maior efeito tóxico sobre os bioindicadores ao longo do tempo, no solo com maior teor de argila e matéria orgânica; o isoxaflutole e as misturas (trifloxysulfuron-sodium + ametryn + (diuron + hexazinone e diuron + hexazinone demonstraram maior efeito residual em ambos os solos, afetando o desenvolvimento dos bioindicadores em 100%.This work aimed to study the effectiveness of pre-emerging herbicides after drought periods in two soil types. Two simultaneous experiments were carried out under greenhouse conditions: in the first, the herbicides (trifloxysulfuron-sodium + ametryn - 351 + 99 g ha-1 + (diuron + hexazinone - 1097 + 27,77 g ha-1, trifloxysulfuron-sodium + ametryn - 1463 + 37 g ha-1, diuron + hexazinone - 1170 + 330 g ha-1, imazapyr 200 g ha-1 and imazapic - 122,5 g ha-1 were applied in vases containing samples of Dystroferric Red

Biomass cycles, accumulation rates and nutritional characteristics of ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Annual biomass cycles, accumulation rates and nutritional characteristics of forage and non-forage species groups were determined in the canopied and open, uncanopied subhabitats of the herbaceous layer in Burkea africana savanna. The total amount of biomass of all species over the season was significantly greater in ...

Comparative effects of Potash Sodium Chloride (PSC) mixture and ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Honey (Mellifica sp) is produced by Apis mellifera africana, widely consumed without prescription or restriction, and has been shown to possess wound healing and antitusive properties. Comparative study of the effects of honey paste and Potash Sodium Chloride (PSC) mixture on the healing of incisional wound on albino ...

Effect of pH and ionic strength on the bioadhesive properties of ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Prosopis gum (PG) extracted from Prosopis africana was investigated for bioadhesive properties as affected by pH and ionic strength. The bioadhesive properties were evaluated using the adhesion of gum dispersion-coated glass beads on the antrum region of the porcine gastrointestinal tract and Lecomte Du Nouy ...

In vitro antimicrobial and phytochemical properties of crude extract ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

STORAGESEVER

2008-10-20

Oct 20, 2008 ... University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, South Africa. 2Department of Microbiology, Obafemi Awolowo .... Thus improvement on such extract by pharmaceutical industry to produce antimicrobial drug of ... Table 1. Antimicrobial activity profile of the crude extract of stem bark of A. africana. Zones of inhibition (mm)*.

An endangered species in Cameroon

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Justine Nzweundji

2015-08-19

Aug 19, 2015 ... 2002) and one of the main sources of supply to satisfy this demand consists of Cameroon natural populations. (Nsawir and Ingram, 2007). Unfortunately, much of this exploitation has been ..... Prunus africana: Money growing on trees? A plant that can boost rural economies in the Cameroon Highlands.

SOME MOISTURE DEPENDENT THERMAL PROPERTIES AND ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

The thermal heat conductivity, specific heat capacity, thermal heat diffusivity and bulk density of Prosopis africana seeds were determined as a function of moisture content. Specific heat capacity was measured by the method of mixture while the thermal heat conductivity was measured by the guarded hot plate method.

Apport de l'approche systémique des systèmes d'élevage à l ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Le paysage est occupé par de nouvelles steppes issues de dégradation où dominent Salsola vermiculata, Atractylis serratuloides, Noaea mucronata, Peganum harmala. Les formations psammophytes à Retama raetam, Thymelaea microphylla et Tamarix africana, s'étendent sur plus de 17 %. L'ensablement menace ces ...

Weight analyses and nitrogen balance assay in rats fed extruded ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Weight analyses and nitrogen balance assay in adult rats in raw and extruded African breadfruit (Treculia africana) based diets were carried out using response surface methodology in a central composite design. Process variables were feed composition (40 - 100 % African breadfruit, 0 - 5 % corn and 0 - 55 % soybean, ...

3. EI Ani Critique of Nkrumah's Philosophical Materialism pp1-30

African Journals Online (AJOL)

REGINALDS

pillars of Nkrumah's theory of emergentism (which he calls “philosophical materialism”), namely ... conversion, dialectical change, self motion of matter .... be verified, because the verification has to be carried out by someone who is outside the.

Patrón evolutivo de la incidencia de cáncer de tiroides en la Región de Murcia de 1984 a 2008

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

María Dolores Chirlaque

2014-09-01

Conclusiones: El cáncer de tiroides, de ser un tumor raro se ha convertido en un tumor emergente. El papilar muestra los mayores cambios per se y por incluir paulatinamente un mayor porcentaje de microcarcinoma.

Highly polymorphic DNA markers in an Africanized honey bee population in Costa Rica

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jorge Arturo Lobo Segura

2000-06-01

Full Text Available Two genetic markers (the mtDNA COI-COII intergenic region and the microsatellite A7 with high levels of variability in South African and European honey bees were analyzed in wild swarms of Africanized honey bees (Apis mellifera from Costa Rica. Allelic or haplotypic frequencies revealed high levels of genetic variability at these loci in this population. Most of the alleles were African alleles, although some European-derived alleles were also present. Differences in the frequencies of African alleles between African and Africanized samples were minor, which could be explained by founder effects occurring during the introduction of African honey bee populations into South America.Dois marcadores genéticos (a região intergénica mitocondrial COI-COII e o microsatélite A7, com altos níveis de variabilidade em populações de abelhas melíferas da África do Sul e Europa, foram analisados em uma amostra de enxames naturais da Costa Rica. As freqüências alélicas e haplotípicas na amostra africanizada mostraram altos níveis de diversidade nestes loci. A maioria dos alelos são de origem africana, embora alguns alelos de origem européia foram observados. As mudanças nas freqüências dos alelos de origem africana entre as abelhas da África do Sul e as abelhas da população africanizada são de baixa magnitude e podem ter sido causadas pelo efeito fundador que ocorreu na introdução da abelha africana na América do Sul.

The historical significance of African liberation – the views of South African History Education students

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Johan Wassermann

2017-01-01

Full Text Available Este estudio se basó en las opiniones de estudiantes sudafricanos de historia de la educación del primer año quienes estudian para convertirse en profesores. En una encuesta abierta, se les pidió que usando su imaginación intelectual, expresen sus opiniones sobre los temas que les gustaría ver como parte del currículo de historia en la escuela. El propósito de esto fue determinar lo que los estudiantes consideraban como históricamente significativo para ser estudiado en historia en la escuela. Las respuestas fueron analizadas mediante codificación abierta y leídas a través de la conceptualización de Counsell de significación histórica. Lo que surgió fue que la lucha contra el apartheid fue considerada sólo por unos pocos como una lucha actual por la liberación contra la colonización interna. Las luchas de liberación africana contra el colonialismo europeo resultaron aún peores y ello sólo fue imaginado por un pequeño número de estudiantes como digno de ser incluido en un currículo de historia escolar. Al mismo tiempo, en ningún momento se relacionó la lucha contra el apartheid a la lucha más amplia de la liberación africana. Esto habla no sólo de la unicidad sudafricana, sino también acerca de la opinión que la lucha de liberación africana no es históricamente significativa como para ser incluida en un currículo de historia imaginado.

Characterization of actinobacteria associated with three ant-plant mutualisms.

Science.gov (United States)

Hanshew, Alissa S; McDonald, Bradon R; Díaz Díaz, Carol; Djiéto-Lordon, Champlain; Blatrix, Rumsaïs; Currie, Cameron R

2015-01-01

Ant-plant mutualisms are conspicuous and ecologically important components of tropical ecosystems that remain largely unexplored in terms of insect-associated microbial communities. Recent work has revealed that ants in some ant-plant systems cultivate fungi (Chaetothyriales) within their domatia, which are fed to larvae. Using Pseudomyrmex penetrator/Tachigali sp. from French Guiana and Petalomyrmex phylax/Leonardoxa africana and Crematogaster margaritae/Keetia hispida, both from Cameroon, as models, we tested the hypothesis that ant-plant-fungus mutualisms co-occur with culturable Actinobacteria. Using selective media, we isolated 861 putative Actinobacteria from the three systems. All C. margaritae/K. hispida samples had culturable Actinobacteria with a mean of 10.0 colony forming units (CFUs) per sample, while 26 % of P. penetrator/Tachigali samples (mean CFUs 1.3) and 67 % of P. phylax/L. africana samples (mean CFUs 3.6) yielded Actinobacteria. The largest number of CFUs was obtained from P. penetrator workers, P. phylax alates, and C. margaritae pupae. 16S rRNA gene sequencing and phylogenetic analysis revealed the presence of four main clades of Streptomyces and one clade of Nocardioides within these three ant-plant mutualisms. Streptomyces with antifungal properties were isolated from all three systems, suggesting that they could serve as protective symbionts, as found in other insects. In addition, a number of isolates from a clade of Streptomyces associated with P. phylax/L. africana and C. margaritae/K. hispida were capable of degrading cellulose, suggesting that Streptomyces in these systems may serve a nutritional role. Repeated isolation of particular clades of Actinobacteria from two geographically distant locations supports these isolates as residents in ant-plant-fungi niches.

Diseño de un Modelo de Estimación de Retornos Ajustados por Riesgo para Actividades de Valoración en Mercados Emergentes (Design of a risk-adjusted rate of return model for the evaluation of projects and companies in Costa Rica

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Manrique Hernández Ramírez

2012-12-01

Full Text Available El artículo explica un modelo ajustado para un mercado emergente que, a partir de la versión original del Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM, permite la estimación de rendimientos esperados sobre los recursos propios (KE para apoyar el cálculo del costo promedio ponderado de capital dentro de los procesos habituales de valoración de activos riesgosos, como es el caso del análisis de proyectos o empresas, situados en esos mercados. Para ello se toma como ejemplo de aplicación el caso costarricense. Sobre la base de la investigación realizada se logra crear un modelo dinámico y ajustado diseñado en hojas de cálculo, que permite la estimación de retornos exigidos por los socios a la realidad del mercado analizado, para gran cantidad de industrias y sujeto de sensibilización por parte de los usuarios finales de la herramienta teórico práctica.   ABSTRACT This article presents an adjusted model for an emerging market, based on the original Capital Asset Pricing Model, that estimates the expected yield of own resources of supporting the calculation of capital weighted average cost, in the usual risky assets valuation processes, as is the case of the analysis of projects or companies on such a market, and applying it to a Costa Rican case. Based on the investigation, a dynamic custom model based in worksheets is created for several industries, that allow the estimate of the required returns by investing partners for the market under study, and is capable of sensitivity modification by its final users.

A configuração da organização e sua relação com o planejamento estratégico formal e emergente Organization's configuration and its relationship with formal and emergent strategic planning

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Sergio Bulgacov

2012-12-01

Full Text Available O propósito deste artigo é compreender as relações entre a configuração organizacional e as práticas de planejamento estratégico. A pesquisa, qualitativa com característica exploratória, aborda comparativamente dois estudos de caso de empresas que têm obtido sucesso acima da média em relação a seus concorrentes. Os procedimentos metodológicos se apoiam na análise de conteúdo em profundidade de entrevistas, observação e dados secundários. A triangulação dos dados sugere que ambas as empresas apresentam práticas de planejamento fortemente relacionadas às características contrastantes dos elementos da configuração organizacional. Características de planejamento emergente são identificadas na rede de lojas de material de construção (MC. Características de planejamento formal são identificadas na empresa de tecnologia (ET. Como base para estudos futuros, a pesquisa sugere que a configuração organizacional condiciona o processo de planejamento de modo recursivo.The aim of this paper is to understand the relationships between organizational configuration and the strategic planning practices. The research, qualitative with an exploratory nature, approaches in a comparative manner two case studies of companies which achieved success above average when compared to their competitors. The methodological procedures are based on in-depth content analysis of interviews, observation, and secondary data. Data triangulation suggests that both companies present planning practices strongly related to the contrasting characteristics of the organizational configuration elements. Emergent planning characteristics are identified in the building material stores network (MC. Formal planning characteristics are identified in the technology company (HT. As a basis for further studies, the research suggests that organizational configuration conditions the planning process in a recursive manner.

Reflexión sobre la dimensión espectatorial de las películas africanas: o cómo los cines africanos piensan de otra manera en sus públicos / Reflection On the Spectatorial Dimension of African Films: Or How African Cinemas Think About Their Public Different

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Mahomed Bamba

2016-03-01

Full Text Available Este artículo investiga la construcción textual del espectador en varias películas africanas. Un espectador que aparece inscrito «en filigrana» a través de los ges-tos enunciativos y estrategias paratextuales de cineastas que siguen la lógica poética del cine de autor. Es a través del análisis de estas estrategias estilísticas y narrativas, de los recursos simbólicos utilizados, de las huellas metadiscursivas presentes en los textos, como se puede averiguar, más allá de las intenciones expresadas por los propios cineastas, o de los resultados en taquilla, en qué medida los autores han pensado o no en los públicos africanos, y si se dirigen exclusivamente a ellos.Palabras clave: relato, sistema textual, paratexto, espectador implícito, semiopragmática, griot, cine de autor.AbstractThis article explores the textual construction of the spectator in various African films. A spectator that seems to be registered as a ‘watermark’ through the expository gestures and paratextual strategies of filmmakers that follow the poetic logic of auteur cinema. It is through the analysis of these stylistic and narrative strategies, of the symbolic resources used, and of the metadiscursive traces present in the texts, that the extent to which the authors have taken into consideration the African audience, and whether or not they are aiming exclusively at them, can be explored - even in terms beyond those directly expressed by the filmmakers themselves.Keywords: story, textual system, paratext, implicit spectator, semio-pragmatics, griot, auteur cinema

A new species of Stellaria (Caryophyllaceae) from the Nepal Himalaya

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Majumdar, N.C.

1968-01-01

Herba perennis, gracilis, caule repente valde furcato. Rami erecti vel suberecti, quadrangulares, e gemmis axillaribus emergentes, straminei, squamosi, simpliccs et infra glabrescentes, corymbose furcati et glandulari-pubescentes, sursum altitudine 10—20 cm attingentes. Folia simplicia, exstipulata,

Traços do proprium cultural africano e sua relação com o sagrado (Features of African culture and conceptions of the sacred - DOI: 10.5752/P.2175-5841.2013v11n29p88

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Antonio Geraldo Cantarela

2013-03-01

Full Text Available Na esteira da conquista colonial de África, desencadeada na segunda metade do século XIX, alguns antropólogos e missionários europeus, que estabeleceram longa convivência com sociedades de diferentes regiões do continente  africano, lograram realizar as primeiras recolhas e sistematizações acadêmicas do imaginário cultural de comunidades tradicionais. Tomando tal contexto como pano de fundo e contraponto, o artigo destaca algumas vozes de teóricos “nativos” (Ki-Zerbo, Hampaté Bâ, Honorat Aguessy, com vistas a explicitar e discutir alguns traços do proprium cultural africano. Na concepção daquelas culturas tradicionais, a religião, assentada no mesmo arco da cultura oral, funda todos os demais componentes da vida social. Sobre tal pressuposto, o texto discute quatro aspectos principais: a concepção (ingênua de uma unidade cultural africana; a importância da tradição oral para o conhecimento da história e do imaginário das sociedades daquele continente; as imbricações da ação política e das questões culturais;  as polarizações (desnecessárias de Europa versus África para fins de caracterizar adequadamente as culturas africanas. Palavras-chave: Culturas africanas. Religião tradicional africana. Oralidade.   Abstract During the colonial conquest of Africa, which began in the second half of the nineteenth century, some European missionaries and anthropologists, who have established long acquaintance with some societies from different regions of Africa, managed to make the first academic collection and systematization of African traditional thought. Taking such a context as a backdrop and counterpoint, this article highlights some voices of African theorists (Ki-Zerbo, Hampaté Bâ, Honorat Aguessy, in order to explain and discuss some essential features of African culture. Within the traditional African conception, the religion, founded on the same pillars of oral culture, founds all other components of

Some behavioural studies on methanol root bark extract of Burkea ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

The research was conducted to evaluate some central nervous system properties of the root bark methanol extractof B. africana in mice. It involved the following animal models: diazepam-induced sleep, hole-board and walking beam assay. Results: The methanol extract showed a significant decrease in the onset of sleep ...

The relative importance of climatic gradient versus human ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

The study aimed to investigate the relative significance of effects of climatic variability and human disturbance on the population structure of the threatened species Afzelia africana Sm. ex Pers. in the Republic of Benin in West Africa. Forest inventory data such as regeneration density, tree diameter and total height were ...

Pollination and facultative ant-association in the African leopard ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

The role of extra-floral nectar appears to be recruitment of foraging ants to tend the flowers resulting in a facultative ant-association between the orchid and gregarious ants. Four different ant species were found to forage on A. africana's inflorescences. Ant-tended inflorescences suffered significantly less damage by insects.