Geometría flexible para las estructuras de barras

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Sánchez-Cuenca López, Luis

1994-04-01

Full Text Available This article brings a geometric proposal which can be applied to the bar structures. The starting point is the substitution of the usual knots in a structural web by a system of combining the bars two by two, which is achieved by twisting the bars in each knot. The tensile forces that appear and the introduction of joints in each of these knots allow the transition from a rigid or undeformable geometry to a new "flexible" one leading to the possibility of one and the same structural web adopting different sizes while preserving its original geometric form. The article analyzes the geometric parameters to be used in order to obtain a coherent process.

En este artículo se hace una propuesta geométrica que puede ser aplicable a las estructuras de barras. Se parte de sustituir en una trama estructural sus nudos habituales por un sistema de empalmes de barras dos a dos, lo que se consigue girando en cada nudo las barras que en él concurren. La aparición de esfuerzos de flexión y la introducción de articulaciones en cada uno de estos empalmes permiten pasar de una geometría rígida o indeformable a una “flexible”, de manera que una misma trama estructural pueda adoptar diferentes tamaños conservando su forma geométrica original. En el artículo se analizan los parámetros geométricos que han deponerse en juego para que el proceso resulte coherente.

Modelación del problema inverso en geoeléctrica 2D mediante elementos finitos

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Briseño Luis Alberto

2001-08-01

Full Text Available

A numerical model for the solution of the inverse problem in geoelectric 2D is proposed using the method of the finite elements. The solution methodology is based mainly on two procedures: a to solve numerically the fundamental equation of current flow for established values of resistivity to calculate its electrical answer (apparent resistivities calculated, b to diminish the difference between apparent resistivities measures and the calculated ones using an investment model. The method is iterative. For the first cycle, a model of blocks or parameters settles down homogenous, that successively will be modified by the investment process, trying that the quadratic minimum error is smaller to 10%. A computer program is elaborated that serves like calculation tool and graphically represents the obtained results to facilitate the interpretative process. Finally two cases of tomografic sections in the National Park in Bogota D.C. are presented.

Nautical studies for new LPG (Liquefied Petroleum Gases) in Barra do Riacho

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Amorim, Anderson B.A.; Biolchini, Luiz C.A. [Petroleo do Brasil S.A. (PETROBRAS), Rio de Janeiro, RJ (Brazil); Antunes, Felippe L. [Petrobras Transporte S/A (TRANSPETRO), Rio de Janeiro, RJ (Brazil); Vieira Neto, Tancredo [Poyry Technology, Sao Paulo, SP (Brazil)

2009-07-01

PETROBRAS is developing projects to increase the natural gas production, supply and allow transportation to the market. LPG and natural gasoline produced in Cacimbas (ES) will be transferred through pipelines to under construction Barra do Riacho Terminal, to be stored and loaded on ships. In Barra do Riacho, a municipality of Aracruz on the northern coast of the Espirito Santo state, a pulp specialized terminal already operates. The new PETROBRAS terminal will monthly load about 30,000 t of refrigerated LPG and 90,000 m{sup 3} of natural gasoline through a new pier with two berths. This pier will be able to receive tankers up to 60,000 dwt. With the challenge to safely maneuver and berth vessels of this size in a restricted area with operating facilities, PETROBRAS developed a basic design with the support of contracted companies to evaluate the minimum area needed to assure operation and design the best location, minimizing wave disturbance over the new jetty as well as over the existing above mentioned berths. This paper presents the port issues analyzed during the basic design of the new marine refrigerated LPG terminal to be located at Barra do Riacho Port. (author)

Spatial distribution and secondary production of Copepoda in a tropical reservoir: Barra Bonita, SP, Brazil

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MJ. Santos-Wisniewski

Full Text Available The present paper aims to describe the spatial distribution of zooplankton copepods, their biomass and instantaneous secondary production, in Barra Bonita, a large eutrophic, polymitic reservoir (22° 29' S and 48° 34' W on the Tietê River, of the Paraná basin. Sampling was carried out during two seasons: dry winter and rainy summer. Species composition, age structure and numerical density of each copepod species population were analyzed at 25 sampling stations. Secondary production was calculated for Copepoda, the dominant group in zooplankton communities, taking Calanoida and Cyclopoida separately. Copepoda represented the largest portion of the total zooplankton biomass, the dominant species being Notodiaptomus iheringi among the Calanoida and Mesocyclops ogunnus and Thermocyclops decipiens among the Cyclopoida. The production of Copepoda was higher during the rainy summer (23.61 mgDW.m-3.d-1 in January 1995 than during the dry winter season (14 mgDW.m-3.d-1 in August 1995, following the general pattern of abundance for the whole zooplankton community. Among the copepods, Cyclopoida production was higher than that of Calanoida, a pattern commonly observed for tropical lakes and reservoirs. Barra Bonita copepods are very productive, but there was a great degree of spatial heterogeneity, related to the physical and chemical conditions, particularly the level of nutrients and also to phytoplankton biomass.

Flexión de Una Barra Delgada Empotrada en un Extremo: Aproximación para Pequeñas Pendientes

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Beléndez Tarsicio

2002-01-01

Full Text Available En los cursos de Física y Mecánica para estudiantes universitarios de Ciencias e Ingeniería, y dentro del tema dedicado a la elasticidad, se estudian los sólidos deformables, asícomo los fenómenos de tracción, compresión, cizalladura, torsión, exión y pandeo. En el caso de la exión uno de los ejemplos que suele analizarse es el de una barra delgada empotrada en un extremo sobre la que actúa una fuerza concentrada vertical en el extremo libre. El estudio se hace para pequeños desplazamientos o pequeñas pendientes de la barra, lo que permite integrar fácilmente la ecuación diferencial de la barra exionada y calcular la elástica y la echa o desplazamiento vertical del extremo libre. Sin embargo, la aproximación para pequeñas pendientes que se hace en la bibliografía es incompatible con otra consideración que siempre se tiene en cuenta y es que la longitud de la fibra neutra de la barra no cambia cuando la barra exiona. En este trabajo se presenta, para al problema de la exión de una barra delgada en voladizo, una aproximación para pequeños desplazamientos o pequeñas pendientes de la barra menos aproximada de lo común". Para ello se introduce como hipótesis la constancia de la longitud de la fibra neutra de la barra lo que permite obtener unas ecuaciones más precisas que las que aparecen en la bibliografía. Los resultados obtenidos se han comparado con los exactos asícomo con las medidas experimentales realizadas en el laboratorio con una regla de acero empotrada en un extremo. Las ecuaciones de la elástica se obtienen siguiendo un tratamiento análogo al desarrollado por Feynman cuando estudia la viga exionada en su libro de Física, por lo que el desarrollo aquípresentado puede ser seguido sin muchos problemas por cualquier estudiante de Física o Mecánica de los primeros cursos universitarios.

Resultados de ensayos de soldadura a tope y por solape, con electrodo, de barras de aceros estirados en frío

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Calavera Ruiz, José

1969-03-01

Full Text Available The authors report on a series of tests carried out in the welding of reinforced concrete bars. The tested bars were cold drawn, with elastic limits of 4,200 and 5,000 kg/cm2. The tests included butt and overlap welding, involving excentric and axial overlaps, with joint reinforcements. Results of these experiments show that if the indicated method is adopted, including an average standard of workmanship, the weld attains 100 % of the bar strength.Los autores dan cuenta de una serie de ensayos realizados sobre soldadura de barras para hormigón armado. Las barras ensayadas son de acero estirado en frío con límites elásticos de 4.200 y 5.000 kp/cm2. Los ensayos abarcaron la soldadura a tope y la soldadura por solape, con sus variantes de solape excéntrico y solape centrado con cubrejuntas. Los resultados de los ensayos demuestran que siguiendo la técnica indicada, y con una calidad normal de ejecución, la soldadura presenta el 100 % de la resistencia de la barra.

Barras de fútbol, consumo de drogas y violencia

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Nicolás Ignacio Uribe Aramburo

2014-01-01

Full Text Available A partir de una investigación descriptiva y analítica, con un diseño metodológico cualitativo, se describen y analizan la coocurrencia entre el consumo de sustancias psicoactivas y los comportamientos agre - sivos y violentos en miembros de algunas de las barras de fútbol de la ciudad de Medellín, Colombia. Mediante la técnica de observación participante se muestra que el consumo de drogas, junto con los fe - nómenos de la identificación, la sugestión y el contagio social, pueden promover la alteración de la conciencia y la abolición temporal de los patrones de pensamiento y comportamiento típicos de los individuos, así como de los preceptos morales y éticos que regulan la actuación en sociedad. Se explica por qué los individuos de la masa (barra de fútbol se vuelven irreflexivos, impulsivos, iracundos y violentos, desde perspectivas de la psicología social, el psicoanálisis y la etología.

Sintaxe X-barra: uma aplicação computacional

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Gabriel de Ávila Othero

2009-04-01

Full Text Available http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/1984-8420.2008v9nespp15 Neste trabalho, apresentaremos uma aplicação computacional da teoria X-barra (cf. HAEGEMAN, 1994; MIOTO et al., 2004, através do programa Grammar Play, um parser sintático em Prolog. O Grammar Play analisa sentenças declarativas simples do português brasileiro, identificando sua estrutura de constituintes. Sua gramática é implementada em Prolog, com o recurso das DCGs, e é baseada nos moldes propostos pela teoria X-barra. O parser é uma primeira tentativa de expandir a cobertura de analisadores semelhantes, como o esboçado em Pagani (2004 e Othero (2004. Os objetivos que guiam a presente versão do Grammar Play são o de implementar computacionalmente modelos lingüísticos coerentes aplicados à descrição do português e o de criar uma ferramenta computacional que possa ser usada didaticamente em aulas de introdução à sintaxe e lingüística, por exemplo.

Design, Fabrication and Performance of Boron-Carbide Control Elements; Conception, Fabrication et Comportement de Lames de Commande en Carbure de Bore; Raschety, izgotovlenie i kharakteristiki reguliruyushchikh sterzhnej. Iz karbida Bora; Proyecto, Elaboracion y Rendimiento de Elementos de Control de Carburo de Boro

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Brammer, H. A.; Jacobson, J. [General Electric Company, San Jose, CA (United States)

1964-06-15

compartiments independants par tassement sur des supports spheriques situes a l'interieur des tubes. Les auteurs etudient la mise au point et l'utilisation des lames de commande en carbure de bore sous les cinq rubriques suivantes: 1. Apercu de l'experience acquise avec l'acier au bore et raisons de son remplacement par du carbure de bore. 2. Etudes de la lame en carbure de bore depuis le debut des experiences de mise au point, y compris les premieres mesures effectuees dans le cadre du ' Programme de mise au point de materiaux pour barres de controle' de la CEA au Laboratoire atomique de Vallecitos, et description de la configuration definitive de la lame de controle. 3. Fabrication des lames et methodes de controle de la qualite. 4. Resultats des essais confirmatoires avant mise en service (essais mecaniques et essais de reactivites). 5. Experience apres mise en service, y compris les resultats d'essais mecaniques et d'essais'de reactivites effectues apres deux annees d'utilisation dans le reacteur. (author) [Spanish] En abril de 1961 se comenzo a utilizar en los reactores de agua hirviente un nuevo modelo de elemento de control de carburo de boro (B{sub 4}C) en tubos de acero inoxidable. Desde entonces, este elemento se ha convertido en el elemento de control normal de referencia en los reactores de agua hirviente de la General Electric, y ha sustituido a las placas de acero inoxidable con 2% de boro que se utilizaban con anterioridad. Los nuevos elementos consisten en pequenos tubos verticales de acero inoxidable, dispuestos de manera cruciforme,, con un revestimiento, que estan llenos de polvo de carburo de boro compactado. El polvo de carburo de boro queda confinado longitudinalmente en varios compartimentos independientes estampandolo sobre bolas de acero de cojinetes situadas en el interior de los tubos. La memoria discute en cinco fases el perfeccionamiento, y el empleo de las barras de control de carburo de boro. 1. Resumen de los experimentos realizados con placas de

Formulação analítica do cálculo em regime elastoplástico de um elemento de viga plano de secção rectangular

OpenAIRE

Baptista, A. M.

2008-01-01

O presente trabalho apresenta uma formulação analítica do cálculo dos deslocamentos (rotação, flecha e deslocamento axial) de uma secção transversal qualquer dum elemento estrutural de barra plano (viga ou coluna-viga, p. ex.) de secção rectangular, de aço, submetido a uma força axial constante e a um momento flector em cada uma das suas extremidades. As equações apresentadas fornecem um método de cálculo não linear expedito e exacto, alternativo aos métodos clássicos das “rótulas plástic...

AVANCES EN LA TECNOLOGIA DE EW DE COBRE: BARRAS INTERCALADAS SEGMENTADAS.

OpenAIRE

VIDAL RUDLOFF, GUILLERMO A.; VIDAL RUDLOFF, GUILLERMO A.

2005-01-01

Esta tesis presenta la tecnología de barras intercelda segmentadas para los procesos electrometalúrgicos de cobre, aplicable en electroobtención y en electrorefinación. En estos procesos, la densidad de corriente real de cada electrodo difiere de la densi 126p.

Trilha ecológica do Cavalo-Marinho: Ecoturismo em Barra Grande/PI

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Andrea Geisa Pereira Barbosa

2010-06-01

Full Text Available Na comunidade Barra Grande, localidade do município de Cajueiro da Praia - PI existe uma trilha ecológica muito bem planejada pelos moradores locais da própria comunidade: A Trilha do Cavalo - Marinho. Essa trilha consiste em um passeio ecológico, onde se trabalham comutantemente o turismo, a sustentabilidade e a educação ambiental.  A área de estudo - a localidade Barra Grande - pertence à Área de Proteção Ambiental (APA do Delta do Parnaíba (APA do Delta do Parnaíba, que visa proteger os ecossistemas costeiros, localizados nos estados do Maranhão, Piauí e Ceará. A referente pesquisa tem como principal objetivo inter-relacionar o termo ecoturismo, educação ambiental, sustentabilidade, e a trilha do cavalo marinho, realizado na pequena localidade do Piauí, Barra Grande. A metodologia utilizada no trabalho em estudo foi pesquisa bibliográfica: constituída de um conjunto de obras escritas referente ao turismo, desenvolvimento sustentável, desenvolvimento local sustentável, meio ambiente e educação ambiental e pesquisa de campo não participativa: realizada para obtenção das informações sobre a situação da área de estudo e analisar os aspectos trabalhados pelos moradores tanto na questão de educação ambiental como da sustentabilidade.

Determination of the Effectiveness of Control Rods in the VVER Reactor Fuel Assemblies; Determination de l'Efficacite des Barres de Reglage dans les Ensembles Combustibles du reacteur VVER; Opredelenie ehffektivnosti reguliruyushchikh sterzhnej v sborkakh reaktora VVEHR; Determinacion de la Eficacia de las Barras de Control en los Conjuntos de Elementos Combustibles del Reactor VVER

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Semenov, V. N.; Lunin, G. L.; Komissarov, L. V.; Kamyshan, A. N.; Halizev, V. I.; Andrianov, G. Ja.; Voznesenskij, V. A.; Kuz' micheva, V. A.; Lebedev, V. I. [Ordena Lenina Institut Atomnoj Energii Im. I.V. Kurchatova, Moskva, SSSR (Russian Federation)

1964-06-15

The paper describes experiments done in homogeneous mock-ups of the fuel assemblies from the VVER Reactor (at one level of enrichment) to determine the effectiveness of absorbing systems comprising shim fuel assemblies or water cavities and of absorbing rods clad in jackets made of differing materials. The paper also gives data on some experiments that have been done in mock-ups of assemblies with differing levels of enrichment. These experiments make it possible to verify the methods used in calculation and to evaluate the prospects of using them for heterogeneous reactors. (author) [French] Le memoire decrit les experiences qui ont ete faites pour determiner l 'efficacite des absorbants contenus dans les barres de compensation, l'effet cavitaire et l 'efficacite des absorbants gaines de materiaux divers, au moyen d'assemblages homogenes de cartouches de combustible du reacteur VVER (reacteur de puissance ralenti et refroidi a l 'eau ayant le meme taux d'enrichissement. On y trouve en outre des donnees sur certaines experiences executees a l 'aide d'assemblages de cartouches de combustible taux d'enrichissement differents. Ces travaux permettent de verifier la methode de calcul et d'evaluer ses possibilites d'application aux reacteurs non homogenes. (author) [Spanish] Se describen en la memoria experimentos para determinar la eficacia de los materiales absorbentes contenidos en las barras de compensacion, el efecto de cavitacion y la eficacia de los materiales absorbentes revestidos de diversos materiales, realizados con ayuda de los conjuntos homogeneos de elementos combustibles del reactor VVER (reactor de potencia moderado y refrigerado por agua) con un solo grado de enriquecimiento. Ademas, se exponen datos sobre los experimentos efectuados con ayuda de conjuntos de grados de enriquecimientos; variados. Tales experimentos permiten verificar el metodo de calculo teorico, utilizad o y evaluar la posibilidad de aplicarlo a los reactores no homogeneos. (author

Produção e avaliação da qualidade das barras de cereais elaborada com farinha de facheiro

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J. N. V. Deodato

2015-10-01

Full Text Available As cactáceas constituem um importante elemento da paisagem, apresentando caules suculentos, cobertos por espinhos de diversas formas, tamanhos e dimensões, junto a outras espécies de cactáceas, formam a paisagem típica da região semiárida do Brasil. O facheiro é uma cactácea xerófila, robusta, pouco ramificada, de cor verde-escura, armada de espinhos agudos; com flores grandes isoladas e altas. A proposta do trabalho foi elaborar barras de cereais com farinhas da casca e da polpa do facheiro e determinar as características microbiológicas e físico-químicas. Foram preparadas quatro formulações (5, 10, 15 e 20% de cada farinha, variando-se a quantidade adicionada à formulação básica das barras de cereais. Os resultados das análises microbiológicas atenderam aos padrões exigidos pela legislação vigente, apresentando resultados negativos para coliforme a 45° C e Salmonella sp. Nos resultados físico-químicos apresentaram baixos valores de umidade e cinzas, elevado teores de lipídeos e sólidos solúveis totais, quantidades razoáveis de proteínas. Dessa forma, as barras de cereais com adição de farinha do facheiro é um alimento que pode ser ingeridos pela população.Production and evaluation of the quality of cereal bars made with flour of facheiroAbstract: The cacti are an important element of the landscape, with succulent stems, covered with spines of different shapes, sizes and dimensions, along with other cactus species, form the typical landscape of the semi-arid region of Brazil. The facheiro is a cactaceous xerófila, rugged, sparsely branched, dark green color, armed with sharp thorns; with large isolated and tall flowers. The purpose of this study was to develop cereal bars with flour peel and facheiro pulp and determine the microbiological and physico-chemical characteristics. Four formulations (5, 10, 15 and 20% for each meal, varying the amount added to the basic formulation of the cereal bars. The

Diseño de una máquina de figuración de barras de acero de refuerzo para hormigón armado

OpenAIRE

Palacios Flores, Carlos Pablo

2011-01-01

El diseño de la máquina dobladora de barras de acero utilizado para el refuerzo de hormigón construcciones tiene el propósito de reducir la mano de obra y aumentar el tiempo de producción. lo también está destinado a mejorar la calidad de la flexión en las barras que actualmente se realizan. Como los dobladores manuales, dobladoras mecánicas también doblar barras de alrededor de una matriz, pero la proceso de plegado mecánico se convierte en automático. Esto permite utilizar 42 (60) grados...

CÓDIGOS DE BARRAS DE LA VIDA: INTRODUCCIÓN Y PERSPECTIVA

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Andrew J. Crawford

2011-09-01

Full Text Available RESUMEN Los códigos de barra de ADN representan una iniciativa global para acumular cortas secuencias estandarizadas de ADN de la gran mayoría de las especies de eucariotas del planeta, con el propósito de facilitar la identificación y conocimiento de la biodiversidad. Después de ocho años de discusión y producción en la literatura científica, el tema sigue generando controversia, debido en parte a la falta de homogeneidad en la definición y el alcance del método entre los autores. En este artículo enfatizamos la definición y metodología de los códigos de barra de ADN, así como su uso para contestar preguntas nuevas en el campo de la ecología, la evolución y la conservación. Palabras clave: Bases de datos, Bioinformática, Códigos de barras de ADN, Diagnosis molecular, Sistemática filogenética, Genética evolutiva, Taxonomía. ABSTRACT DNA barcode of life is a global initiative to populate a global database of short, standardized DNA fragments from most eukaryotic species to facilitate the identification and understanding of the world’s biodiversity. In the eight years following its proposal, the topic of DNA barcoding remains controversial in the scientific literature due, in part, to a lack of consensus on how DNA barcoding is defined and what activities are included under this title. In the present paper we review the definition, methods and goals of DNA barcoding, and highlight how data generated by various DNA barcode of life campaigns may also be used to address fundamental and novel questions in ecology, evolution and conservation. Keywords: Bioinformatics, Databases, DNA barcode of life, Evolutionary genetics, Molecular diagnosis, Phylogenetic systematics, Taxonomy.

Benchmarking BarraCUDA on Epigenetic DNA and nVidia Pascal GPUs

OpenAIRE

Langdon, W

2016-01-01

Typically BarraCUDA uses CUDA graphics cards to map DNA reads to the human genome. Previously its software source code was genetically improved for short paired end next generation sequences. On longer, 150 base paired end noisy Cambridge Epigenetix's data, a Pascal GTX 1080 processes about 10000 strings per second, comparable with twin nVidia Tesla K40.

Design and Experimental Evaluation of an Electromagnetic Acceleration System for Fast Safety Rods; Etude Theorique et Experimentale d'un Mecanisme Electromagnetique d'acceleration pour des Barres de Securite; Proektirovanie i ehksperimental'naya otsenka ehlektromagnitnoj sistemy uskoreniya dlya avarijnykh sterzhnej bystrogo dejstviya; Proyecto y Estudio Experimental de un Sistema Electromagnetico de Aceleracion para Barras Rapidas de Seguridad

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Dosch, P.; Kraus, H. -J.; Uhrig, H. [Kernreaktor Bau- und Betriebs-Gesellschaft m.b.H., Karlsruhe, Federal Republic of Germany (Germany)

1964-06-15

rapida de seguridad para un conjunto rapido de potencia nula (SNEAK). Se esta ensayando un prototipo de dicha barra. Los resultados obtenidos hasta ahora han sido muy satisfactorios. (author) [Russian] Sistema avarijnoj zashhity reaktora dolzhna dej stv ov at' s minimal'noj za d erzh k oj , esli ona prednaznachena dlja kontrolja ochen' bystryh otklonenij reaktivnosti. V jelektronnyh chastjah sistemy avarijnoj zashhity mozhno ochen' legko dobit'sja bystrogo srabatyvanija, t o gd a kak sokrashhenie vremeni m ehanicheskogo vysvobozhdenija avarijnogo sterzhnja javljaetsja trudnoj za d a ch ej. Bole etshhatel'nye issledovanija pokazyvajut, chto pomimo nebol'shogo vremeni vysvobozhdenija, preimushhestvo daet vysokaja pervonachal'naja skorost' sterzhnja. Pri odinakovom kolichestve vremeni, zatrach i v a emom na v v edenie st erzh n ja , sterzhni s ravnomernoj skorost'ju n emn ogo p revoshodjat sterzhni s ravnomernym u skoreiem . - Na osnovanii jetih soobrazhenij mozhno schi t a t' , chto impul'snoe u sk oren ie ja vlja etsja pravil'nym metodom vvedenija avarijnyh sterzhnej dlja ustranenija bystryh otklonenij r e aktivnosti, tak kak jeto daet nebol'shuju zaderzhku i obespechivaet vysokuju pervonachal'nuju skorost'. Ustanovleno, chto v avarijnyh sterzhnjah mozhno primenit' jelektromagnitnyj impul'snyj g en er ator. On imeet sledujushhie preimushhestva: a) nebol'shoe kolichestvo komponentov prostoj i prochnoj konstrukcii, kotorye mogut byt' legko vkljucheny v avarijnyj sterzhen', a takzhe mogut byt' skonstruirovany dlja u slovij, sushhestvujushhih okolo aktivnoj zony (vysokie urovni temperatury i izluchenija); b) jen ergi ja , privodjashhaja v dvizhenie sterzhni, akkumuliruetsja v jelek trok on den satore i p o jet om u takzhe mozhet byt' ispol'zovana v sluchae prekrashhenija jenergopitanija; v) konstrukciju legko mozhno prisposobit' k tomu, chtoby ona mogla svobodno i be sp r e pjatstvenno padat' v sluchae prekrashhenija impul'sov. V doklade opisyvajutsja rezul

Informe sobre los elementos prefabricados de yeso utilizados hoy día en Francia

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Courivaud, I.

1965-03-01

Full Text Available Not availableAunque la fabricación de losetas o placas de yeso no es una industria nueva en Francia, aproximadamente en el año 1920 cuando empiezan a aparecer en el mercado francés los primeros elementos prefabricados de yeso. Por primera vez estos elementos fabricados industrialmente tenían sus dimensiones perfectamente "calibradas y presentaban sus paramentos perfectamente lisos; no requiriendo una vez montados los tradicionales enlucidos para su acabado.

Pesquisa de novos elementos Pesquisa de novos elementos

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Gil Mário de Macedo Grassi

1978-11-01

Full Text Available The present study deals with the discovery of new elements synthesized by man. The introduction discusses in general the theories about nuclear transmutation, which is the method employed in these syntheses. The study shows the importance of the Periodical Table since it is through this table that one can reach a prevision of new elements and its, properties. The discoveries of the transuranic elements, together wich the data of their first preparations are also tabulated The stability of these elements is also discussed, and future speculations are showedNeste trabalho estuda-se, teoricamente, a descoberta de novos elementos sintetizados pelo homem Na introdução apresentamos um apanhado geral sobre as teorias a respeito da transmutação nuclear, que é o método utilizado nestas sínteses. Em seguida, mostramos a importância da Tabela Periódica, pois é através dela que se chega à previsão dos novos elementos e de suas propriedades. As descobertas dos transurânicos, Já realizadas com êxito, juntamente com os dados de suas primeiras preparações são tabelados. A estabilidade destes novos elementos também é discutida, e apresentadas futuras especulações.

Diagnosis and analysis of water quality and trophic state of Barra Bonita reservoir, SP

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Giovanna Moreti Buzelli

2013-04-01

Full Text Available As a consequence of the intensification of environmental degradation, we observed a decrease in water availability and a change in water quality. Therefore, the integrated management of watersheds is an issue of extreme importance. Limnological monitoring is an important tool for environmental management, providing information on the quality of inland waters and indicating the main factors responsible for the degradation of water resources. The Barra Bonita reservoir is located in the central region of São Paulo State, in the Superior Middle Tietê Basin, and the adjacent areas of the reservoir are subject to several human activities potentially impacting the environment. In this context, there is a need to determine the nature of negative human impacts on water resources. The present study aimed to analyze and diagnose the water quality of Barra Bonita reservoir using the water quality index (WQI and the trophic state index (TSI. To this end, measurements of specific limnological variables were made in situ and laboratory and an analysis of data from CETESB annual reports was conducted. The results found that the waters of the reservoir were relatively healthy, but hyper eutrophic for the period from2007 to 2012, indicating the importance of environmental management for the restoration and preservation of natural resources in this region. The estimated indices and the land use map of adjacent areas of the Barra Bonita reservoir showed that agriculture was the largest category of land use and that it contributes directly to the degradation of water quality due to contamination by run-off from fertilizers.

Desarrollo del método de los elementos finitos

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Luís Otero Pereiro

1997-02-01

Full Text Available El Análisis por Elementos Finitos constituye hoy día una herramienta de cálculo para resolver problemas de ingeniería, en estructuras, elementos de máquinas, mecánica de los fluidos y transferencia de calor, entre otros. Esto ha propiciado una gran difusión de los programas de cálculo asistidos por computadora, con los cuales seafirma es posible disminuir el costo de un proyecto hasta en 50%. En el artículo se demuestra que solo mediante la comprensión de los principios en que se basa el método de los elementos finitos se podrá hacer un empleo adecuado de cualquiera de estos sistemas de cálculo. Además, se explica porqué este método no constituye un descubrimiento dentro del campo de la resistencia de los materiales y la teoría de la elasticidad, sino que sienta sus bases sobre estos aspectos.

Variación temporal y espacial de aves playeras en la laguna Barra de Navidad, Jalisco, en tres temporadas no reproductivas

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Salvador Hernández; Sergio Serrano; Xóchitl A. Hernández; María Isabel Robles

2012-01-01

Hay un escaso conocimiento de las aves playeras en los humedales costeros de Jalisco, y en particular en la laguna Barra de Navidad. El presente trabajo contribuye al conocimiento de este grupo de aves y describe su distribución temporal y espacial en la laguna Barra de Navidad durante tres temporadas no reproductivas (1999-2000, 2006-2007 y 2008-2009). Se realizaron censos mensuales de noviembre-abril en las tres temporadas con el fin de registrar todas las especies de aves playeras. Se iden...

Preliminary characterization of the rare earth ore from the Barra do Itapirapua, Sao Paulo and Parana states, Brazil. Detail 1 area; Caracterizacao preliminar do minerio de terras raras da Barra do Itapirapua, SP/PR - area de detalhe 1

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lorenzi, M.L.B.; Lorenzi, V.E.; Kahn, H

1996-12-31

The main rare earth mineralization on Barra do Itapirapua Alkaline-Carbonatitic Complex is related to the weathering mantle of the Serrana Body carbonatite plug - detail 1 area. The present work describes the preliminary RE ore types established from correlation between geological observations, geochemical weathering profile and mineralogical studies. Mineralogical studies, comprising around 40 thin section analysis, were performed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy dispersive systems (EDS). (author) 5 refs., 2 figs., 1 tab.

Nutrient budgets (C, N and P and trophic dynamicsof a Brazilian tropical estuary: Barra das Jangadas

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Carlos E. D Noriega

2011-06-01

Full Text Available This paper focuses on the nutrient dynamics of a tropical estuary on the northeastern Brazilian coast, studied using the LOICZ biogeochemical budgeting protocol. We describe the methodology and assumptions underlying this model. Input data (monthly for rainfall, evaporation, river discharge, and concentrations of salt, phosphorus and nitrogen were obtained during field campaigns in the Barra das Jangadas Estuary (BJE over a 5 years period (1999 to 2003. Mass balance results indicate large inputs of nutrients to the system. The model shows that the seasonal variation of the Net Ecosystem Metabolism (NEM indicates that the system passes from a stage of organic matter liquid production and mineralization during the dry season (-0.5 mmoles C m-2 d-1 to liquid mineralization during the rainy season (-19 mmoles C m-2 d-1. We suggest that the system varies slightly between autotrophy and heterotrophy during the year due to the rainfall regime, human activities in the basin (density population and sugarcane plantations, and associated DIP riverine loads. High per capita loads of N and P indicate a high population density and high runoff. The application of flux balance modeling was useful to understand the nutrient dynamics of this typical small tropical estuaryEste trabalho se focalizou na dinâmica de nutrientes de um estuário tropical na costa nordeste brasileira, usando o protocolo LOICZ de balanços biogeoquímicos. Nós descrevemos a metodologia e os pressupostos subjacentes a este modelo. Os dados de entrada (precipitação e evaporação mensal, vazão do rio, e as concentrações de sal, fósforo e nitrogênio foram obtidos durante as campanhas de campo no estuário de Barra das Jangadas - Brasil durante um período de 5 anos (1999 a 2003. Os resultados indicam grandes entradas de nutrientes ao sistema. O modelo mostrou que a variação sazonal do Metabolismo do Ecosistema (NEM indica que o sistema passa de uma fase de produção de l

Diversidade e potencial biotecnólogico de fungos filamentosos isolados do manguezal Barra das Jangadas, Jaboatão dos Guararapes, Pernambuco

OpenAIRE

Neto Ferreira Gomes, Daniela

2007-01-01

Fungos filamentosos de sedimento do manguezal Barra das Jangadas, foram isolados e identificados com objetivo de proceder a caracterização enzimática. Foram coletadas amostras de sedimento do manguezal Barra das Jangadas nos meses de março e abril/2004 e outubro/2005 (período de estiagem); junho e julho/2004 e julho/2005 (período chuvoso). As coletas foram realizadas em quatro pontos em manguezais do estuário formado pelos rios Jaboatão e Pirapama, perfazendo um total de 24 ...

Implementação paralela de um código de elementos finitos em 2D para as Equações de Navier-Stokes para fluidos incompressíveis com transporte de escalares.

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Pedro Juan Torres López

2010-01-01

O estudo do fluxo de água e do transporte escalar em reservatórios hidrelétricos é importante para a determinação da qualidade da água durante as fases iniciais do enchimento e durante a vida útil do reservatório. Neste contexto, um código de elementos finitos paralelo 2D foi implementado para resolver as equações de Navier-Stokes para fluido incompressível acopladas a transporte escalar, utilizando o modelo de programação de troca de mensagens, a fim de realizar simulações em um ambiente de ...

CARACTERÍSTICAS FÍSICO-QUÍMICAS DA AMÊNDOA DE MACAÚBA E SEU APROVEITAMENTO NA ELABORAÇÃO DE BARRAS DE CEREAIS

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Nísia Andrade Villela DESSIMONI-PINTO

2010-09-01

Full Text Available

A amêndoa de macaúba (Acrocomia aculeata (Jacq. Lodd. tem despertado grande interesse socio-econômico para a população do Cerrado e possui propriedades nutricionais pouco estudadas. O objetivo deste estudo foi caracterizar físico-quimicamente a amêndoa de macaúba e verifi car o valor nutricional e a aceitabilidade de uma barra de cereais elaborada a partir deste material. Os frutos coletados foram lavados, sanitizados, secos e suas amêndoas foram retiradas. As características físico-químicas das amêndoas avaliadas foram massa, diâmetro, pH, SST, ATT e composição centesimal. Elaborou-se uma barra de cereais teste com adição de 15% do fruto e uma controle e determinou-se suas composições centesimais. A avaliação sensorial das formulações foi realizada com 45 participantes em três etapas: teste de aceitação (escala de 5 pontos, teste de preferência e análise descritiva quantitativa (aparência, cor, aroma, sabor, textura e doçura dos produtos. As amêndoas de macaúba estudadas possuem quantidades expressivas de lipídios (29,73%, proteínas (12,28% e energia (524,19kcal/100g. A barra de cereais com macaúba obteve maiores teores de lipídios (7,84% e energia (396,28kcal/100g. O índice de aceitação da barra de cereais formulada com macaúba foi de 88,90% e o teste de preferência evidenciou 71,11% de aprovação pelos participantes da pesquisa. A barra teste obteve atributos mais bem aceitos em relação à controle (p<0,05, na qual o atributo “sabor” alcançou a maior pontuação média (4,62. Dessa forma, conclui-se que as características físico-químicas da amêndoa de macaúba contribuem de forma positiva para a elaboração de barras de cereais, conferindo ao produto final um perfil sensorial de boa aceitabilidade.

Espécie invasora em unidade de conservação: Achatina fulica (Bowdich, 1822 no Parque Estadual Carlos Botelho, Sete Barras, SP, Brasil (Nota Científica. Invasive species in conservation unit: Achatina fulica (Bowdich, 1822 in Carlos Botelho State Park, Sete Barras, SP, Brazil (Scientific Note.

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Marilda Rapp de ESTON

2006-12-01

Full Text Available O caramujo-gigante-africano, Achatinafulica (Mollusca-Achatinidae, considerado umadas cem piores espécies invasoras do mundo,causando sérios danos ambientais, é registrado pelaprimeira vez para o Parque Estadual CarlosBotelho, município de Sete Barras, Estado de SãoPaulo, Brasil.The Giant African Snail, Achatina fulica(Mollusca-Achatinidae, considered as one of ahundred worst world’s invasive species, causingserious environmental damages, is registered forthe first time for Carlos Botelho State Park, countyof Sete Barras, state of São Paulo, Brazil.

Analysis of the pre-rift/rifte transition interval (Serraria and Barra de Itiuba formations) from the Sergipe-Alagoas basin; Analise da secao de transicao pre-rifte/rifte (formacoes Serraria e Barra de Itiuba) da Bacia Sergipe-Alagoas

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Barreiro, C.B.; Mizusaki, A.M.P. [Rio Grande do Sul Univ., Porto Alegre, RS (Brazil)]. E-mail: camilita@terra.com.br; ana.misuzaki@ufrgs.br; Garcia, A.J.V. [Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos (UNISINOS), Sao Leopoldo, RS (Brazil)]. E-mail: garcia@euler.unisinos.br

2003-07-01

The pre-rift/rift transition is represented by the Serraria and Barra de Itiuba formations. This interval was analyzed through qualitative and quantitative descriptions of cores, electric log analysis and studies of outcropping sections. The integration of surface and subsurface data allowed the stratigraphic characterization of sandstone bodies in the pre-rift/rift. These sandstones bodies were deposited by fluvial braided, lacustrine and deltaic systems (delta plain, delta front and pro delta). The sedimentary deposits characterized in the Serraria Formation are of channel, flooding of the fluvial system and eolic. The upper interval of this formation is characterized by to coarse medium-grained sandstones identified as the Caioba Sandstone. The Barra de Itiuba Formation contains lake, pro delta, frontal bar, distributary mouth, crevasse and distributary channel deposits. The sandstone units were specifically characterized in terms of their potential reservoir quality, and they were characterized the reservoirs R1 (good to medium quality) and Caioba (good quality) from the pre-rift phase, and reservoirs R2 (medium quality) and R3 (medium to good quality) from the rift phase. The reservoirs from pre-rift phase phase show the better reservoirs quality potential of the pre-rift/rift transition in the Sergipe-Alagoas Basin. (author)

Geochemical pattern of rare-earth elements from ore deposits of Sete Barras and Volta Grande-PR

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Ronchi, L.H.; Dardenne, M.A.

1987-01-01

The fluorite ore deposits of Volta Grande and Sete Barras in Parana show similar REE distribution patterns. Fluorite ores from other regions in Parana e Santa Catarina show marked differences in the REE pattern which suggest different modes of origin. (author) [pt

Processamento de barras de cereais com adição de farinha de batata-doce (Ipomoea batatas L.) Processing of cereal bars with added sweet potato flour (Ipomea batatas L.)

OpenAIRE

Bezerra, José Raniere Mazile Vidal; UNICENTRO; Rigo, Maurício; UNICENTRO; Teixeira, Ângela Moraes; UNICENTRO; Angelo, Mariana Alves; UNICENTRO; Czaikoski, Aline; Graduanda em Engenharia de Alimentos, bolsista Fundação Araucária. BIC/Universidade Estadual do Centro Oeste - UNICENTRO.

2015-01-01

Considerando o crescimento do segmento de barras de cereais, a importância da cultura da batata-doce (Ipomoea batatas L.) e seu valor nutricional, este trabalho teve por objetivo a elaboração de barras de cereais com adição de diferentes teores de farinha de batata-doce e sua avaliação de aceitação sensorial, e ainda, a determinação da composição proximal da formulação melhor avaliada sensorialmente. A farinha da batata-doce e as barras de cereais adicionadas a farinha foram submetidas às det...

Variación temporal y espacial de aves playeras en la laguna Barra de Navidad, Jalisco, en tres temporadas no reproductivas Temporal and spatial variation of shorebirds in Barra de Navidad lagoon, Jalisco, during three non-breeding seasons

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Salvador Hernández

2012-09-01

Full Text Available Hay un escaso conocimiento de las aves playeras en los humedales costeros de Jalisco, y en particular en la laguna Barra de Navidad. El presente trabajo contribuye al conocimiento de este grupo de aves y describe su distribución temporal y espacial en la laguna Barra de Navidad durante tres temporadas no reproductivas (1999-2000, 2006-2007 y 2008-2009. Se realizaron censos mensuales de noviembre-abril en las tres temporadas con el fin de registrar todas las especies de aves playeras. Se identificaron 19 especies (tres residentes y 16 visitantes de invierno, de las cuales Charadrius wilsonia, Limosa fedoa y Tringa semipalmata presentaron la mayor abundancia. Doce especies son consideradas como prioritarias en la “Estrategia para la Conservación y Manejo de las Aves Playeras y su Hábitat en México”. El mayor número de especies fue registrado en noviembre, diciembre y marzo en la primera y tercera temporada. El mayor número de individuos fue registrado alimentándose en marea baja, principalmente en diciembre, enero y febrero de la primera y tercera temporada. En marea baja hubo un mayor número de especies e individuos alimentándose en la zona C. Esta zona se caracterizó por tener sustratos lodosos expuestos durante marea baja y que fueron aprovechados por las aves para alimentarse. La laguna Barra de Navidad proporcionó hábitats de alimentación y descanso para las aves residentes y migratorias. Sin embargo, estos hábitats se ven amenazados por las actividades humanas realizadas dentro de la laguna, que sin duda tendrán consecuencias negativas para la distribución y abundancia de las aves playeras.Resident and migratory shorebirds inhabit different kinds of wetlands such as lagoons, rivers and seashores among others. In recent years, these areas have been importantly affected by urban, agriculture and touristic activities, such as the Barra de Navidad lagoon, for which little information is available to support conservation

El tratado de Derecho Administrativo del Profesor Rodolfo Carlos Barra

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Daniel Hugo Martins

2014-06-01

Full Text Available En el "Tratado" cuyos primeros dos tomos han sido públicados recientemente, Barra se propone aplicar la "tesis cuatripartita" al derecho administrativo, con base en la "filosofía perenne" y la interpretación tomista del derecho."Este trabajo -dice- propugna la sistematización y mediatización del Derecho Administrativo, como rama del derecho público que garantiza el cumplimiento del acto justo en las relaciones de justicia distributiva y está referido a la regulación de la relación jurídica Estado (Administración Pública - administrado"

Mesozooplankton of the estuarine system of Barra das Jangadas, Pernambuco, Brazil

OpenAIRE

Cavalcanti, Eliane A. H.; Neumann-Leitão, Sigrid; Vieira, Dilma A. do N.

2008-01-01

Estudos sobre o mesozooplâncton foram realizados no sistema estuarino de Barra das Jangadas, Pernambuco, Brasil (8º14'36"S, 34º56'28"W) visando analisar a estrutura da comunidade. As amostras foram obtidas com rede de plâncton, com malha de 300 µm, durante os períodos, seco (janeiro/2001) e chuvoso (julho/2001), nas marés de sizígia e de quadratura, em intervalos de três horas. Foram identificados 37 taxa, destacando-se Copepoda com as espécies Pseudodiaptomus acutus (F. Dahl, 1894), Pseudodi...

Canine visceral leishmaniasis in Barra de Guaratiba, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: assessment of risk factors

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Cabrera Maria Alice A.

2003-01-01

Full Text Available Barra de Guaratiba is a coastal area of the city of Rio de Janeiro where American visceral leishmaniasis (AVL is endemic. Although control measures including killing of dogs and use of insecticides have been applied at this locality, the canine seroprevalence remains at 25% and during 1995 and 1997 eight autochthonous human cases were notified. In order to evaluate factors related to the increase of the risk for Leishmania (Leishmania chagasi infection in dogs we have screened 365 dogs by anti-Leishmania immunofluorescent antibody test (IFAT and captured sandflies in the domestic and peridomestic environment. Some variables related to the infection were assessed by uni- and multivariate analysis. The distance of the residence from the forest border, its altitude and the presence of the opossum Didelphis marsupialis in the backyard, were found predictor factors for L. (L. chagasi infection in dogs in Barra de Guaratiba. The presence of Lutzomyia longipalpis in the peridomestic environment indicates the possibility of appearence of new human cases. Our data also suggest the presence of a sylvatic enzootic cycle at this locality.

Curicica, de "fim do mundo" a "Barra Olímpica"

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Sampaio, Lilian Amaral de

2014-01-01

Curicica, de "fim do mundo" à "Barra Olímpica" é um estudo sobre os impactos gerados pelas transformações urbanas em processo no entorno do futuro Parque Olímpico, na Baixada de Jacarepaguá, Rio de Janeiro. O trabalho tem como ponto de partida a elaboração de um diagnóstico feito para a região de Curicica por ocasião do Programa Morar Carioca (2012), para urbanização das favelas da área, posteriormente suspenso. Trata-se de uma exploração sobre a lógica que norteia a (re)ocupação de uma área ...

Study of Fluidized-Bed Control Rods; Etude de Barres de Controle Fluidisees; Izuchenie reguliruyushchej sistemy, ispol'zuyushchej suspenziyu pogloshchayushchikh chastits; Estudio Sobre Barras de Control de Lecho Fluidificado

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Blair, D. J. [General Nuclear Engineering Corporation, Dunedin, FL (United States); Driscoll, M. J.; Dalton, G. R.; Parkinson, T. F. [Department of Nuclear Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL (United States)

1964-06-15

'obtenir des caracteristiques hydrauliques et nucleaires acceptables. Il s'est avere possible de controler des reacteurs de faible puissance en utilisant des barres de controle fluidisees a transmission ou a reflection. Il est apparu, en outre, que la formule FBCR a de bonnes caracteristiques de controle qui peuvent etre calculees par les methodes theoriques habituelles. Pour les reacteurs de grande puissance et a temperature elevee, il faudra obtenir des renseignements supplementaires sur les caracteristiques du materiau en particules. L'un des grands avantages de la formule FBCR est d'offrir la possibilite de modifier le flux axial soit en utilisant des particules de dimensions ou d'absorption variables soit en donnant une forme appropriee a la section horizontale de la barre. (author) [Spanish] En ocasiones anteriores se habia propuesto regular los reactores nucleares utilizando barras de control de lecho fluidificado (FBCR), pero pese a sus ventajas aparentes con respecto a los sistemas electromecanicos, no se les ha prestado mucha atencion. Con arreglo al concepto FBCR, el sistema de control del reactor se convierte en un dispositivo de regulacion de caudal por medio de bombas de velocidad variable o de valvulas accionadas por motor en el circuito principal de refrigerante. Como alternativa, pueden utilizarse tuberias de desviacion en el cuerpo, analogas a los sistemas de control que ahora se construyen para los reactores de lecho fluidificado. Las barras FBCR ofrecen, entre otras, las siguientes ventajas: 1. Puede suprimirse la mayor parte de los orificios de la parte superior del recipiente de presion y se simplifica la recarga de combustible. 2. Toda disminucion anomala del caudal provoca una interrupcion instantanea de caracter automatico. 3. El flujo axial puede conformarse mediante el empleo de canales de perfil especial o de particulas de tamaflo variable. 4. Es posible reducir la intensificacion del flujo en el espacio de agua al extraer parcialmente la barra de

Avaliação sorológica para detecção de anticorpos anti-Leishmania em cães e gatos no bairro de Santa Rita de Cássia, Município de Barra Mansa, Estado do Rio de Janeiro Serological evaluation for detection of anti-Leishmania antibodies in dogs and cats in the district of Santa Rita de Cássia, municipality of Barra Mansa, State of Rio de Janeiro

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Fabiano Borges Figueiredo

2009-04-01

Full Text Available A partir de um caso canino de leishmaniose tegumentar americana na localidade de Santa Rita de Cássia, município de Barra Mansa, Rio de Janeiro, foi realizado um inquérito sorológico em 177 cães e 43 gatos. Na avaliação das amostras de soros caninos, 10% foram positivos na reação de imunofluorescência indireta e 10,7% no ensaio imunoenzimático. Entre as amostras de soros felinos testados, nenhum animal foi positivo na reação de imunofluorescência indireta e apenas um (2,4% felino apresentou reação positiva ao ensaio imunoenzimático. A detecção de Leishmania braziliensis, autóctone em Barra Mansa, faz um alerta para a instalação de um possível foco de leishmaniose tegumentar americana nessa região.From a canine case of american cutaneous leishmaniasis in the locality of Santa Rita de Cássia, municipality of Barra Mansa, Rio de Janeiro, a serological survey was performed on 177 dogs and 43 cats. Evaluation of the canine serum samples showed that 10% had a positive reaction in the indirect immunofluorescence test and 10.7% in the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Among the feline serum samples tested, none of the animals had a positive reaction in the indirect immunofluorescence test and only one (2.4% showed a positive reaction in the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The detection of an autochthonous case of Leishmania braziliensis in Barra Mansa gives warning that a focus of american cutaneous leishmaniasis is possibly becoming established in this region.

Evaluación físico - químico del dulce de leche saborizado en barra a diferentes temperaturas de conservación Empresa de Productos Lácteos Bayamo

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Adriana Lucia Rodríguez Rodríguez

2015-09-01

Full Text Available La investigación se desarrolló con el propósito de diagnosticar las causas de afectaciones microbiológicas en el dulce de leche saborizado en barra antes de los 7 días de garantía, conservado a temperatura ambiente en los puntos de venta, deteriorando los parámetros de calidad del producto, por lo que se procedió a la realización de un diagnóstico en estos puntos donde se comercializa el surtido, relacionando los factores temperatura – humedad, así como entrevistas realizadas a clientes y trabajadores que allí laboran. En la industria también se realizó un diagnóstico que incluyó desde el estudio minucioso y análisis físicos-químicos, organolépticos y microbiológicos de todas las materias primas y materiales que se utilizan en la elaboración del dulce de leche, hasta el control de calidad del producto terminado expuesto a diferentes valores de temperatura y humedad relativa, con observación diaria de la muestras en vida estate y análisis realizados en intervalos de 7 días, determinando que la exposición del producto a temperatura ambiente propicia el desarrollo microbiano y que el menor valor de temperatura estudiado 18 0C, garantiza una durabilidad en el dulce de leche saborizado en barra de 30 días.

Aceitabilidade e estabilidade físico-química de barras de cereais elaboradas à base de aveia e linhaça dourada

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Rosana Colussi

2013-12-01

Full Text Available Matérias-primas de elevado valor nutricional e com propriedades funcionais devem ser utilizadas no desenvolvimento de produtos benéficos à saúde do consumidor. Neste trabalho, objetivou-se estudar combinações de aveia e linhaça dourada na elaboração de barras de cereais, sendo avaliadas a composição química, a aceitabilidade sensorial e a estabilidade pelo período de 60 dias de armazenamento. As barras de cereais foram elaboradas com o emprego de ingredientes secos e agentes ligantes, nas proporções de 70% e 30%, respectivamente. O delineamento empregado foi o de mistura binária com variações proporcionais nas formulações, sendo realizadas três repetições no ponto central. As barras de cereais foram avaliadas por 35 provadores não treinados quanto à aceitabilidade e à intenção de compra. A estabilidade foi avaliada pela determinação de acidez graxa, índice de peróxidos e atividade de água, e a composição química, pela determinação de umidade, proteínas, cinzas, lipídios, fibra alimentar e carboidratos. Para a composição química, foi realizada a análise de regressão, obtendo-se os coeficientes de determinação e falta de ajuste. Nas demais determinações, os resultados foram analisados pelo emprego da análise da variância (ANOVA e as médias foram comparadas pelo teste de Tukey a 5% de significância. A aveia combinada com linhaça dourada pode ser utilizada na elaboração de barras de cereais por apresentar características sensoriais adequadas e ser fonte de fibras. A formulação de melhor aceitabilidade sensorial foi o ponto central, com emprego de 50% de aveia e 50% de linhaça dourada. As barras de cereais apresentam boa estabilidade devido à baixa atividade de água e à não formação de peróxidos.

El sentido de los elementos del acto administrativo

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Santiago Maqueda

2010-01-01

y promoción del bien común. La conclusión que se ofrece es que cada uno de los elementos legales del acto administrativo encuentra fundamentación filosófica en uno o varios de los elementos de la noción de "ley", y que esta es una manera idónea de justificar el sentido de cada uno de esos elementos legales.

Control Rods in high-Flux Swimming-Pool Reactors; Les Barres de Controle dans les Piles Piscines a Haut Flux; Reguliruyushchie sterzhni dlya reaktorov bassejnovogo tipa s vysokoj plotnost'yu nejtronnogo potoka; Las Barras de Control en los Reactores Tipo Piscina de Flujo Elevado

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ageroni, P.; Blum, P.; Denielou, G.; Denis, P.; Meunier, C. [Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires de Grenoble (France)

1964-06-15

etudes en cours sur les barres de controle des piles piscine a coeur ouvert fonctionnant dans la bande de 10 a 30 MW. (author) [Spanish] La memoria examina los problemas planteados por las barras de control en los reactores de investigacion de tipo piscina abierta, de alta potencia especifica y elevado flujo, basandose en calculos y experimentos efectuados durante la construccion del reactor SILOE. Expone asimismo la experiencia adquirida con las barras de control mientras el reactor funcionaba a 13 MW. Examina sucesivamente: a) Los balances de reactividad y los valores de esta para los diversos tipos de barras de control que se han ensayado (cadmio, B4C, tierras raras, y combinaciones de estas sustancias); b) los picos de flujo que la presencia de barras de control crea en el cuerpo del reactor, su influencia sobre la potencia especifica, los flujos rapidos que se pueden obtener y los medios para incrementarlos; c) los problemas tecnologicos planteados por la construccion de las barras; d) los problemas de refrigeracion, vibracion, deformacion y tiempo necesario para introducirlos en el reactor. Para terminar, describe someramente loe estudios que se estan realizando con las barras de control de reactores de tipo piscina de cuerpo abierto cuando funcionan en el intervalo de potencias comprendido entre 10 y 30 MW. (author) [Russian] 1. V svete raschetov i jeksperimentov, provedennyh pri postrojke reaktora STLOE , rassmatrivajutsja problemy, voznikajushhie v svjazi s regulirujushhimi sterzhnjami dlja issledovatel'skih reaktorov otkrytogo bassejnovogo tipa s bol'shoj udel'noj moshhnost'ju i s vysokoj plotnost'ju nejtronnogo potoka. Privodjatsja takzhe rezul'taty ispytanija jetogo reaktora pri .moshhnosti 13 mgvt v svjazi s razlichnymi regulirujushhimi sterzhnjami. 2. Posledov atel'no rassmatrivajutsja sledujushhie problemy: a) balans reaktivnosti i reaktivnaja sposobnost' podvergnutyh ispytanijam regulirujushhih sterzhnej razlichnyh tipov (kadmij, B{sub 4}C , redkie zemli

Use of the Neutron Die-Away Technique to Test Control Rod Effectiveness Theories; Emploi de la Methode d'Absorption des Neutrons pour Verifier les Theories sur l'Efficacite des Barres de Commande; Ispol'zovanie metoda spada potoka nejtronov dlya proverki teorij ehffektivnosti reguliruyushchikh sterzhnej; Aplicacion de la Tecnica de Extincion Neutronica a la Verificacion de las Teorias sobre la Eficacia de las Barras de Control

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Perez, R. B. [University of Florida, Gainesville, FL (United States); De Saussure, G.; Silver, E. G. [University of Florida, Gainesville, FL (United States); Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN (United States)

1964-04-15

. Les theories, qui ont ete verifiees sont celles de: 1. Nordheim-Scalettar, 2. Hurwitz-Roe, 3. et celle du code de diffusion numerique. Les auteurs ont calcule l'effet des barres cruciformes a l'aide de la methode de transformation conforme de Hurwitz-Roe et ont trouve pour le laplacien la valeur de 0,0188 cm{sup -2} qui est voisine du resultat de l'experience, 0,0187 {+-} 0,0006 cm-2. Pour les barres epaisses, les previsions de la theorie de Nordheim-Scallettar et de la theorie du code de diffusion depassent les resultats experimentaux d'environ lOyeo. Les deux methodes ont toutefois etabli des previsions correctes en ce qui concerne l'interaction entre les barres epaisses. Pour les barres minces, la methode Nordheim-Scalettar est extremement precise. On peut s'attendre a trouver l'ecart constate pour les barres epaisses, lorsqu'on utilise la theorie de diffusion pour calculer l'effet des barres ayant une section de dimensions comparables a celle du libre parcours moyen des neutrons dans le ralentisseur. On procede actuellement a des mesures avec des banes de dimensions intermediaires pour determiner le point a partir duquel la theorie de la diffusion n'est plus valable. (author) [Spanish] El calculo de la eficacia de las barras de control se complica por el hecho de que esta depende a la vez de la distribucion de las energias neutronicas y de la geometria del conjunto. Cuando se trata de comparar los datos teoricos con los resultados experimentales obtenidos en otros reactores o en sistemas subcriticos, surgen dificultades derivadas de la complejidad intrinseca de tales sistemas. La tecnica de la extincion neutronica brinda la posibilidad de establecer un modelo neutronico integramente termico, en el cual el efecto de la distribucion de energias neutronicas se puede separar de los efectos espaciales. Por lo tanto, es dable estudiar el factor geometrico de la eficacia de las barras de control sin reparar en las caracteristicas del espectro neutronico y luego es

O conhecimento ictiológico tradicional dos pescadores da cidade de Barra, região do médio São Francisco, Estado da Bahia, Brasil The traditional ichthyological knowledge of fishermen from the city of Barra, median region of San Francisco, state of Bahia, Brazil

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Márcia Nogueira de Melo

2002-05-01

Full Text Available No artigo discute-se o conhecimento ictiológico tradicional de uma comunidade pesqueira da cidade de Barra, localizada na região oeste do Estado da Bahia, nordeste do Brasil. Os pescadores de Barra desenvolvem suas atividades habituais às margens dos rios São Francisco e Grande. O trabalho de campo foi realizado no período de janeiro a junho de 2000. Foram consultados 15 informantes (10 homens e 5 mulheres através de entrevistas livres e semi-estruturadas com o objetivo de registrar os aspectos cognitivos (etnotaxonomia, reprodução, comportamento, ecologia trófica, hábitat e culturais (restrições ao consumo de peixes e usos na medicina popular relacionados com as espécies de peixes locais. Dezoito espécies foram coletadas, identificadas e encontram-se depositadas no Laboratório de Ictiologia da Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana. Os resultados revelam que os pescadores ainda possuem conhecimentos teóricos e práticos importantes que devem ser considerados em estudos de manejo, conservação e uso sustentável dos recursos pesqueiros. Problemas ecológicos de origem antrópica, tais como pesca predatória e introdução de espécies exóticas, vêm afetando o modo de vida dos pescadores tradicionais, tanto os da cidade de Barra como os das áreas adjacentes.This paper deals with the traditional ichthyological knowledge of fishermen’s community from the city of Barra, which is located in the west region of Bahia State, Northeast Brazil. These fishermen develop their usual activities at the edges of São Francisco and Grande rivers. Fieldwork was carried out from January to June 2000. A total of 15 informants (ten male and five female were consulted through open and semi-structured interviews, with the aim to record both the cognitive (ethnotaxonomy, reproduction, behaviour, food ecology, habitat and cultural aspects (restrictions to the fish eating and their use as folk medicine towards the local fish species. Eighteen

Landscape changes in a coastal system undergoing tourism development: implications for Barra de Navidad Lagoon, Jalisco, Mexico

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Tara L. Holland

2012-02-01

Full Text Available In this study, changes in land cover and land use patterns that occurred between 1985 and 2000 in the surrounding basin of the Barra de Navidad coastal lagoon in Jalisco, Mexico are quantified and explained. Two satellite images from 1985 (Landsat TM and 2000 (Landsat ETM+ were analyzed with supervised classification and ground truthing to evaluate changes in six land use/cover categories: lagoon, agriculture, urban/tourist, tropical dry forest, mangrove and bare substratum. Changes in land use composition were evaluated using a transition matrix and changes to configuration were interpreted using landscape metrics. Results show that urban and tourist areas expanded between 1985 and 2000, mostly at the expense of forested and bare land. Mangroves showed a large relative decrease in area (-39% and experienced fragmentation. These changes appear to be related to increased sedimentation a fan progradation into Barra de Navidad lagoon. These results may serve as a model for comparison in other systems experiencing multiple stressors, especially changes related to tourism and the intensification of resource extraction.

Dioctophyme renale: prevalence and risk factors of parasitism in dogs of São Cristóvão district, Três Barras county, Santa Catarina State, Brazil

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Daniela Pedrassani

Full Text Available Abstract Dioctophyme renale is a nematode that can be found parasitizing the kidney, peritoneal cavity and, rarely, other organs of canids and mustelids. This disease has high occurrence in the municipality of Três Barras, state of Santa Catarina, thus making this an interesting area to study the epidemiological aspects of infection by D. renale in dogs. Among 197 dogs, 14.2% showed the parasite eggs in urine and 16.4% showed IgG antibodies anti-D. renale in serum samples according to the indirect ELISA method; among seropositive dogs, 15 (37.5% animals did not show any parasite eggs in their urine. Parasitism was more frequent in females, and there was no finding of interference from age on parasitism. Factors such as water potential and presence of paratenic hosts in the studied region were reported by the owners of dogs and may have contributed to the occurrence of parasitism.

UTILIZACIÓN DEL ACRÍLICO DENTAL (metil metacrilato) COMO BARRA ESTABILIZADORA-CONECTORA PARA REDUCCIONES CERRADAS EN FRACTURAS DE TIBIA/PERONÉ O RADIO/CÚBITO EN CANINOS

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Cavero A., Francisco; Fernández A., Víctor

2012-01-01

El metil metacrilato (mmc) es una resina acrílica utilizada en moldes para fabricar prótesis dentales y puede cumplir la función de barra estabilizadora-conectora en la reducción de fracturas, permitiendo la colocación de clavos en planos múltiples. El presente trabajo tuvo como objetivo comprobar que el acrílico dental sirve como barra conectora en la fijación externa esquelética, y demostrar que es posible fijar las fracturas con un método poco traumático, alejado del foco fracturario, para...

Código de barras del ADN y sus posibles aplicaciones en el campo de la Entomología

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Analía A. LANTERI

2007-01-01

Full Text Available En este artículo se abordan algunos aspectos de la controversia sobre la iniciativa «Código de barras del ADN», y se hace hincapié en sus potenciales aplicaciones en Entomología. Esta iniciativa propone emplear información dentro de una misma región génica (gen mitocondrial de la Citocromo c Oxidasa I = COI, en todas las especies vivientes y con condiciones de secuenciación universalmente aceptadas y estandarizadas. En la actualidad, no pretende sustituir la taxonomía alfa y la filogenia sino agilizar las tareas de identificación, especialmente en el campo de la Biomedicina (identificación de patógenos, parásitos y vectores, el control de plagas (intercepción de especies invasoras, cualquiera sea su estado de desarrollo ontogenético y los estudios sobre conservación de la biodiversidad. Para arribar a una correcta delimitación de las especies biológicas es preciso contar con las secuencias de COI de numerosos individuos a lo largo de todo su rango geográfico y además, secuencias de genes nucleares e información morfológica y biológica detallada. Las «Unidades Evolutivas Significativas», identificadas sobre la base del «código de barras», podrían corresponder tanto a morfoespecies como a especies crípticas y a subespecies o linajes con diferentes preferencias de huéspedes. La integración del «código de barras del ADN», el trabajo de campo, las colecciones de museos y la investigación científica resultan imprescindibles para que esta herramienta redunde en avances significativos en el campo de la Sistemática Entomológica.

La fatiga en las barras de acero corrugado para refuerzo de hormigón

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Avila Kildal, Francisco

2003-01-01

Para conseguir aprovechar los recursos que la sociedad invierte en infraestructuras de manera óptima es imprescindible, para la ingeniería civil, un buen conocimiento de los materiales y de sus propiedades. Partiendo de esta premisa, el objetivo de esta tesina es aportar conocimiento a la caracterización de las barras de acero corrugado para refuerzo de hormigón en su funcionamiento frente a la fatiga. Definimos fatiga como la alteración mecánica de los materiales bajo el ef...

Productive organization of ocean artisan fishing in Sao Joao da Barra, RJ

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Alcimar das Chagas Ribeiro

2012-05-01

Full Text Available This paper discusses the economic relations found in artisan fishing in the municipality of São João da Barra, RJ, based on the conceptual structure of supply chains, in order to understand the levels of interaction among the different actors, and how this reflects in their competitiveness. The qualitative and exploratory survey was carried by using the action research methodology aiming at the identification of the real problems that weakens the activity and, more specifically, possible regulation alternatives. Such effort is justified by the historical and economic importance of such activity which, in recent years, has suffered a severe depression.

Insect galls of Restinga de Marambaia (Barra de Guaratiba, Rio de Janeiro, RJ).

Science.gov (United States)

Maia, V C; Silva, L O

2016-04-19

Thirty-one morphotypes of insect galls and two flower damages were found on 16 families, 22 genera and 24 plant species in Restinga de Marambaia (Barra de Guaratiba, Rio de Janeiro, RJ). Fabaceae and Myrtaceae were the plant families with the greatest richness of insect galls (4 and 6 morphotypes, respectively), and the greatest number of galled plants (four and three species, respectively). Galls were mostly found on leaves and stems (77% and 10%, respectively). The galling insects are represented by Diptera, Lepidoptera, and Hemiptera. The majority of the galls (81%) were induced by gall midges (Cecidomyiidae: Diptera).

Application of roasted rice bran in cereal bars Aplicação de farelo de arroz torrado em barras de cereais

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Marina Costa Garcia

2012-12-01

Full Text Available The objective of this study was to evaluate the viability of using microwave-roasted rice bran as an ingredient in high-fiber cereal bars to obtain a product with good acceptability. The influence of the rice flakes, corn flakes, and roasted rice bran levels on the physical and chemical characteristics of the cereal bars was studied. The overall acceptability of three selected formulations was also evaluated. An increase in the roasted rice bran level in the formulation reduced the force of rupture and water activity, resulted in intermediate density, and caused darkening of the bars. The contents of lipid and total dietary fiber were higher in the formulation with the highest rice bran content, which was therefore classified as functional food. The formulation containing 0.34; 0.32; and 0.34 roasted rice bran, rice flakes, and corn flakes, respectively, seemed to be the best outcome. Cereal bars with roasted rice bran levels between 10 and 20% were accepted by consumers.O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a viabilidade da utilização do farelo de arroz torrado, em microondas, como ingrediente de barras de cereais ricas em fibras, para obtenção de um produto com boa aceitabilidade. A influência dos teores de flocos de arroz, flocos de milho e farelo de arroz torrado nas características físicas, químicas de barras de cereais foram estudados. A aceitabilidade global de três formulações selecionadas também foi avaliada. O aumento no teor de farelo de arroz torrado nas formulações reduziu a força de ruptura e atividade de água, a densidade foi intermediária e houve escurecimento das barras. O conteúdo de lipídeos e fibra alimentar total foram maiores nas formulações com maior teor de farelo de arroz, portanto, classificada como alimento funcional. A formulação com a proporção de 0,34/0,32/0,34 de farelo de arroz torrado/flocos de arroz/flocos de milho, se apresentou mais próxima do desejável. Barras de cereais formuladas com

Mesozooplâncton do sistema estuarino de Barra das Jangadas, Pernambuco, Brasil Mesozooplankton of the estuarine system of Barra das Jangadas, Pernambuco, Brazil

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Eliane A. H. Cavalcanti

2008-09-01

Full Text Available Estudos sobre o mesozooplâncton foram realizados no sistema estuarino de Barra das Jangadas, Pernambuco, Brasil (8º14'36"S, 34º56'28"W visando analisar a estrutura da comunidade. As amostras foram obtidas com rede de plâncton, com malha de 300 µm, durante os períodos, seco (janeiro/2001 e chuvoso (julho/2001, nas marés de sizígia e de quadratura, em intervalos de três horas. Foram identificados 37 taxa, destacando-se Copepoda com as espécies Pseudodiaptomus acutus (F. Dahl, 1894, Pseudodiaptomus richardi (F. Dahl, 1894, Acartia lilljeborgi (Giesbrecht, 1892, Parvocalanus crassirostris (Dahl, 1894, Oithona hebes (Santos, 1973 e Notodiaptomus cearensis Wright, 1936. A densidade total durante o período seco variou de 69,34 a 8.568,34 org.m-3. Para o período chuvoso variou de 261,98 a 10.224,83 org.m-3. Os Crustacea meroplanctônicos (Brachyura zoea foram muito freqüentes e muito abundantes, destacando seu importante papel na cadeia trófica pelágica. A diversidade específica durante o período seco, variou de 0,44 a 3,13 bits.ind-1, e para o período chuvoso de 0,66 a 2,93 bits.ind-1. Os baixos valores de diversidade ocorreram devido à dominância de Brachyura (zoea. A análise de agrupamento revelou a formação de dois grupos. O primeiro formado por espécies marinhas e euri-halinas, e o segundo por espécies indicadoras de ambientes estuarinos.Mesozooplankton studies were carried out at the Barra das Jangadas estuarine system, Pernambuco, Brazil (8º14'36"S, 34º56'28"W, to assess its community structure. Samples were collected with a plankton net (300 µm mesh size during the dry (January, 2001 and rainy (July, 2001 seasons, with three hour intervals between each sampling, both in spring and neap tides. Thirty seven mesozooplankton taxa were identified, from which Copepoda were particularly abundant, including the species Pseudodiaptomus acutus (F. Dahl, 1894, Peudodiaptomus richardi (F. Dahl, 1894, Acartia lilljeborgi

Design of the Small Rods Forming the Fuel Element of the First Charge of the EL4 Reactor. Cladding Problems; Etude des crayons constituant l'element combustible du premier jeu d'EL4 - probleme de la gaine; Problema pokrytiya nebol'shikh steeknej, obrazushchikh toplivnyj ehlement pervoj zagruzki reaktora EL.4; Estudio de las barras que constituyen los elementos combustibles de la primera carga del reactor EL4 - el problema de las vainas

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bailly, H.; Ringot, C.; Weisz, M. [Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires de Saclay (France)

1963-11-15

) [Spanish] Las vainas de los elementos combustibles de la primera carga del reactor EL-4 son de acero inoxidable. La eleccion del grado del acero y del espesor de la vaina depende de la resistencia a la corrosion y de la resistencia mecanica que se deseen. Las tensiones y las temperaturas de funcionamiento no permiten concebir una vaina que resista durante toda la vida util del elemento combustible si no se uti liza un grado de acero muy resistente y un espesor,superior a 0,5 mm. Se admite que la vaina se adhiera al combustible por fluencia: la deformacion por juego en sentido diametral puede producir una ovalizacion y un pliegue; el juego longitudinal puede dar lugar a flexiones de la vaina. Se han realizado muchos ensayos con vainas de 0,3 a 0,4 mm de espesor para estudiar el modo de deformacion en funcion de los juegos. Para estar seguros de que no se produciran ovaliza ciones con los espesores previstos, y para mantener lo mas baja posible la temperatura en el interior de la barra es preciso eliminar completamente el juego durante la fabricacion. (author) [Russian] Dlya pervoj nagruzki toplivnogo ehlementa reaktora EL.4 ispol'zuetsya pokrytie iz nerzhaveyushchej stali. Vybor splava i tolshchiny pokrytiya svyazan s korrozionnymi i mekhanicheskimi svojstvami metalla. Rabochie napryakheniya i temperatury ne dast vozmokhnosti sproektirovat' pokrytie, stojkoe v techenie vsego sroka sluzhby toplivnogo ehlementa; dlya dostikheniya takoj tseli neobkhodimo bylo by ispol'zovat' ochen' stojkoe pokrytie tolshchinoj bolee 0,5 mm. Dopuskaetsya, chto pokrytie v protsesse spekaniya soedinyaetsya s toplivom. Diametral'noe izmenenie toplivnykh ehlementov mokhet privesti k obrazovaniyu oval'noj formy i nerovnostej; prodol'noe izmenenie sistemy toplivnykh ehlementov mokhet privesti k prodol'nomu izgibu pokrytiya. Byli provedeny mnogochislennye opyty v otnoshenii tolshchiny pokrytiya v predelakh' 0,3 - 0,4 mm s tem, chtoby vyyasnit' kharakter izmeneniya toplivnykh ehlementov v zavisimosti

SETTLEMENT ANALYSIS OF AN EMBANKMENT ON VERY SOFT SOIL IN BARRA DA TIJUCA

OpenAIRE

CHRISTIANO FARIA TEIXEIRA

2012-01-01

um depósito de solos muito moles da Barra da Tijuca (Baixada de Jacarepaguá), que pertence a uma planície costeira do Rio de Janeiro (RJ). O perfil de solos muito moles de fundação possuía até 17 m de espessura, caracterizados pelo Nspt igual a 0. O aterro foi construído em etapas e os recalques foram acelerados com a instalação de drenos verticais pré-fabricados na fundação. A construção do aterro durou cerca de 1,5 ano e foi monitorada por meio de instrumentação geotécnic...

PLANEJAMENTO DE UMA TRILHA INTERPRETATIVA COMO FERRAMENTA DO ECOTURISMO NA APA DA BARRA DO RIO MAMANGUAPE - PARAÍBA, BRASIL

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Mércia Maria Araújo Luna

2016-04-01

Full Text Available A Floresta Atlântica é um bioma biodiverso e extremamente impactado. A Área de Proteção Ambiental (APA da Barra do Rio Mamanguape encontra-se inserida no hotspot da Floresta Atlântica. Este trabalho visa propor a implantação de uma trilha interpretativa na APA com base no Ecoturismo e na Educação Ambiental. Durante o mês de abril e maio de 2014 foi elaborado um roteiro mapeando os pontos estratégicos da trilha, elencando seus elementos mais representativos e registrando-os ao longo de 3.8 Km. Várias características da trilha foram consideradas na elaboração deste planejamento: a proteção do ambiente da trilha, seu potencial interpretativo, a acessibilidade e segurança. Os resultados apontaram nove pontos de atratividade onde foram abordados aspectos de relevância da flora, da fauna e da história da APA. Nota-se a necessidade da implantação de trilhas ecológicas no principal e maior fragmento de Floresta Atântica da APA, a Floresta do Oiteiro, uma vez que as trilhas só estão previstas no plano de manejo para um dos quatro municípios que abrange a APA, Lucena. Destaque pode ser dado à necessidade de treinamento de uma equipe local da Unidade de Conservação (UC para manter vivo o instrumento da trilha interpretativa, associando a interlocução entre a comunidade acadêmica da UFPB e os turistas pelo seu caráter amplo e interdisciplinar. Palavras-chave: Floresta Atlântica. Unidades de conservação. Turismo ecológico.

Utilización del acrílico dental (metil metacrilato) como barra estabilizadora-conectora para reducciones cerradas en fracturas de tibia/peroné o radio/cúbito en caninos

OpenAIRE

Cavero A., Francisco; Fernández A., Víctor

2005-01-01

El metil metacrilato (mmc) es una resina acrílica utilizada en moldes para fabricar prótesis dentales y puede cumplir la función de barra estabilizadora-conectora en la reducción de fracturas, permitiendo la colocación de clavos en planos múltiples. El presente trabajo tuvo como objetivo comprobar que el acrílico dental sirve como barra conectora en la fijación externa esquelética, y demostrar que es posible fijar las fracturas con un método poco traumático, alejado del foco fracturario, para...

Formulação analítica de um elemento de barra para o cálculo elastoplástico de estruturas de aço porticadas planas

OpenAIRE

Baptista, A. M.; Muzeau, J. P.

2007-01-01

O presente trabalho apresenta as bases do desenvolvimento de um modelo analítico para o cálculo dos deslocamentos (rotação, flecha e deslocamento axial) numa secção transversal qualquer de uma viga de aço submetida a uma força axial constante e a um momento flector em cada uma das suas extremidades. Entre outras aplicações, este modelo permite efectuar o cálculo directo dos deslocamentos nodais no referencial local de um elemento de viga inserido numa estrutura, em regime elástico ou elastopl...

Plantas aquáticas e nível de infestação das espécies presentes no reservatório de Barra Bonita, no rio Tietê

OpenAIRE

Carvalho,F.T.; Galo,M.L.B.T.; Velini,E.D.; Martins,D.

2003-01-01

O monitoramento da vegetação aquática permite avaliar a evolução das comunidades e determinar o potencial de danos associados a essas populações. O objetivo do trabalho foi identificar as plantas aquáticas e os níveis de infestação de cada espécie, presentes no reservatório de Barra Bonita. Foram avaliados todos os focos de vegetação aquática presentes na represa (335 pontos), sendo os pontos demarcados com um aparelho de GPS. As plantas foram identificadas e foi feita uma estimativa visual d...

ANÁLISE ARQUEOMÉTRICA DE PINTURAS RUPESTRES PRÉ-HISTÓRICAS DO SÍTIO TAMBORIL, BARRAS, PIAUÍ, BRASIL (Archaeometric Analysis of Prehistoric Rock Paintings from the Tamboril Site, Barras, Piauí, Brazil

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Luis Carlos Duarte Cavalcante

2016-03-01

Full Text Available O sítio arqueológico Tamboril, localizado na área rural do município de Barras, estado do Piauí, Brasil, é um bloco arenítico que apresenta um nicho decorado com pinturas rupestres, principalmente grafismos puros, motivos zoomórficos e carimbos de mãos humanas, pintados em diferentes tonalidades de vermelho. A conservação das pinturas é afetada por eflorescências salinas, resíduos decorrentes da atividade de insetos (como cupins e vespas e impacto humano (visitação sem acompanhamento de guias e atividade agrícola nas proximidades. A análise arqueométrica de pigmentos dessas pinturas rupestres foi realizada no laboratório com fluorescência de raios X por dispersão de energia e espectroscopia Mössbauer do 57Fe em geometria de retroespalhamento de raios γ à temperatura ambiente. Os teores de Fe (como Fe2O3 encontrados nas pinturas variam de 2,953(1 massa% a 17,23(1 massa%. Os parâmetros hiperfinos Mössbauer revelaram que o pigmento vermelho-escuro das pinturas rupestres é composto de hematita (αFe2O3 e de um Fe3+ (superparamagnético. Os teores de P (como P2O5 variam de 21,70(1 massa% a 25,92(1 massa% e foram atribuídos às eflorescências salinas e aos resíduos orgânicos de atividades de insetos que cobrem as inscrições pré-históricas. ENGLISH: The archaeological site known as Tamboril, located in the rural area of the municipality of Barras, Piauí State, Brazil, is a sandstone block that contains a niche decorated with rock paintings. These paintings are mainly composed of pure graphisms, zoomorphic motifs, and human handprints, painted in different tonalities of red. Their conservation has been affected by saline efflorescences, residues of insect activities (such as wasps and termites and human impact (unguided visitors and nearby agricultural activity. The archaeometric analysis of pigments from these rock paintings was performed in the laboratory with energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence and room

La Violación de la Segunda Ley de la Termodinámica por el Método de Elementos Finitos

OpenAIRE

Limache, Alejandro Cesar; Rojas Fredini, Pablo Sebastián; Murillo, Marina H.

2016-01-01

El presente artículo pretende alertar sobre un hecho grave: la Segunda Ley de la Termodinámica es violada como consecuencia de la discretización numérica resultante de la aplicación del Método de Elementos Finitos (FEM, por Finite Element Method). En este trabajo se estudia la consistencia termodinámica de las formulaciones FEM. El estudio está basado en el análisis de la ecuación del calor 1-Dimensional (1D) y 2-Dimensional (2D). Los resultados presentados afectan a todas las simulaciones de...

Cargas críticas de pandeo de columnas fisuradas

OpenAIRE

Moreno Fernández-Cañadas, Lorena María

2012-01-01

El presente trabajo tiene por objeto realizar un análisis de la carga crítica de pandeo de columnas sometidas a diversas condiciones de sustentación. A su vez, se estudiarán los efectos de la presencia de una fisura en la columna sobre dicha carga crítica en función de su tamaño y posición. Actualmente, el cálculo de dicha carga crítica por medio de programas comerciales que aplican el método de elementos finitos requiere un gran número de elementos por barra para conseguir ...

Variación temporal y espacial de aves playeras en la laguna Barra de Navidad, Jalisco, en tres temporadas no reproductivas

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Salvador Hernández

2012-09-01

Full Text Available Hay un escaso conocimiento de las aves playeras en los humedales costeros de Jalisco, y en particular en la laguna Barra de Navidad. El presente trabajo contribuye al conocimiento de este grupo de aves y describe su distribución temporal y espacial en la laguna Barra de Navidad durante tres temporadas no reproductivas (1999-2000, 2006-2007 y 2008-2009. Se realizaron censos mensuales de noviembre-abril en las tres temporadas con el fin de registrar todas las especies de aves playeras. Se identificaron 19 especies (tres residentes y 16 visitantes de invierno, de las cuales Charadrius wilsonia, Limosa fedoa y Tringa semipalmata presentaron la mayor abundancia. Doce especies son consideradas como prioritarias en la “Estrategia para la Conservación y Manejo de las Aves Playeras y su Hábitat en México”. El mayor número de especies fue registrado en noviembre, diciembre y marzo en la primera y tercera temporada. El mayor número de individuos fue registrado alimentándose en marea baja, principalmente en diciembre, enero y febrero de la primera y tercera temporada. En marea baja hubo un mayor número de especies e individuos alimentándose en la zona C. Esta zona se caracterizó por tener sustratos lodosos expuestos durante marea baja y que fueron aprovechados por las aves para alimentarse. La laguna Barra de Navidad proporcionó hábitats de alimentación y descanso para las aves residentes y migratorias. Sin embargo, estos hábitats se ven amenazados por las actividades humanas realizadas dentro de la laguna, que sin duda tendrán consecuencias negativas para la distribución y abundancia de las aves playeras.

Modeling pollution potential input from the drainage basin into Barra Bonita reservoir, São Paulo – Brazil

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RB. Prado

Full Text Available In this study multi-criteria modeling tools are applied to map the spatial distribution of drainage basin potential to pollute Barra Bonita Reservoir, São Paulo State, Brasil. Barra Bonita Reservoir Basin had undergone intense land use/land cover changes in the last decades, including the fast conversion from pasture into sugarcane. In this respect, this study answers to the lack of information about the variables (criteria which affect the pollution potential of the drainage basin by building a Geographic Information System which provides their spatial distribution at sub-basin level. The GIS was fed by several data (geomorphology, pedology, geology, drainage network and rainfall provided by public agencies. Landsat satellite images provided land use/land cover map for 2002. Ratings and weights of each criterion defined by specialists supported the modeling process. The results showed a wide variability in the pollution potential of different sub-basins according to the application of different criterion. If only land use is analyzed, for instance, less than 50% of the basin is classified as highly threatening to water quality and include sub basins located near the reservoir, indicating the importance of protection areas at the margins. Despite the subjectivity involved in the weighing processes, the multi-criteria analysis model allowed the simulation of scenarios which support rational land use polices at sub-basin level regarding the protection of water resources.

Characterization of food bars manufactured with agroindustrial by-products and waste Caracterização de barras alimentícias elaboradas com subprodutos e resíduos agroindustriais

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Andréa Paolucci Paiva

2012-06-01

Full Text Available Food bars are products obtained from the union of a number of components, standing out in the snack category due to their portability attribute with a focus on convenience and health. Utilization of by-products and agroindustrial food waste as ingredients in the making of food bars is highly important due to the utilization of leftovers of marked nutritional and functional value and decrease of the production cost. This work intended to evaluate the chemical and physicochemical aspects of food bars made with the by-products broken rice (BR and pequi nut (PN, soybean extract residue (SER, and pineapple waste (PW. Distinct proportions of BR: SER respectively were used, amounting to five treatments: 1:0 (A; 3:1 (B; 1:1 (C; 1:3 (D and 0:1(E and fixed amounts of the other components. For the statistical analysis, variance analysis and the Tukey test were performed to 5% significance. The moisture, protein, lipid, ash, mineral, and dietary fiber contents were directly increased as the SER was increased and the amount of BR was decreased. However, the opposite was found with both carbohydrates and calories. The soluble solids, pH and water activity values presented increases with the increased soybean extract residue. All the treatments presented slightly acidic pH and water activity bellow 0.6, favoring microbiological safety. In the chemical score, treatment A presented lysine as the limiting aminoacid in relation to the Food and Agriculture Organization - FAO/WHO reference (1990. The food bars can be considered rich in dietary fiber and with considerable nutritional support. Treatments D and E proved better in the set of the variables studied for human consumption.Barras alimentícias são produtos obtidos a partir da junção de vários componentes, destacando-se na categoria dos snacks em razão do atributo portabilidade com foco em conveniência e saúde. A utilização de subprodutos e de resíduos agroindustriais alimentícios como ingredientes

Desenvolvimento de barras de cereais à base de aveia com alto teor de fibra alimentar Development of oat based cereal bars with high dietary fiber content

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Luiz Carlos Gutkoski

2007-06-01

Full Text Available A barra de cereal é um alimento nutritivo de sabor adocicado e agradável, fonte de vitaminas, sais minerais, fibras, proteínas e carboidratos complexos. O trabalho objetivou estudar o efeito da concentração de fibra alimentar e de açúcar na calda em barras de cereais elaboradas à base de aveia com alto teor de fibra alimentar. No estudo foram utilizados flocos, farelo e farinha de aveia, do cultivar UPFA 22, selecionado com base no teor de fibras e beta-glucanas. Os ingredientes secos e ligantes foram adquiridos no comércio local e utilizados na proporção de 70 e 30%, respectivamente, em quantidades definidas a partir de testes laboratoriais. O experimento foi realizado em delineamento composto central rotacional aplicável à metodologia de superfície de resposta, sendo avaliado o efeito da concentração de açúcar na calda (70, 75 e 80 °Brix e do teor de fibra alimentar da formulação (12, 16 e 20% na composição química, valor calórico, atividade de água, microbiologia e características sensoriais das barras de cereais. Os resultados das variáveis respostas foram tratados por análise de regressão múltipla. E foram utilizados no modelo matemático de segunda ordem os termos lineares, quadráticos e de interação, significativos. A aveia pode ser utilizada como ingrediente na elaboração de barras de cereais por apresentar textura, sabor e aparência adequados. O uso de aveia na formulação possibilita produzir barras de cereais com alto teor de fibra alimentar e fonte de beta-glucanas. As barras de cereais apresentam propriedades sensoriais agradáveis, similares às industrializadas e melhor aceitas quando elaboradas com média concentração de açúcar na calda e altos teores de fibra alimentar. As barras de cereais apresentam baixa atividade de água e atendem às especificações sanitárias, sendo estáveis durante 60 dias de armazenamento.Cereal bars are a nutritional food of sweetened and acceptable flavor

Dating of Barra Bonita (Rio Tiete - Sao Paulo State, Brazil) reservoir sediments with 210 Pb: historical distribution of heavy metals

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Cazotti, Raul I.; Silverio, Patricia F.; Mozeto, Antonio A.; Nascimento, Marcos R.L. do

2002-01-01

This work presents data on 210 Pb dating and heavy metal contamination of sediment cores collected from the Barra Bonita reservoir, one of the hydroelectric reservoir built in the Tiete River, SE Brazil about 40 years ago. Age calculations were done through the CRS (constant rate of supply) and CIC (constant initial concentration) models. It is well known that dating of lake sediment which are ≥ 100 years old poses no problem as atmospheric 210 Pb activity decreases to almost zero with sediment depth. In this work we present considerations and suggestions towards the applicability of these two models for reservoir dating as a study-case and for lakes in general with ages ≤ 100 years. The results show a good agreement between the CRS and CIC models. In addition, it was also evaluated the historical contamination of heavy metals (total and acid-extractable fraction). Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn showed an increase in concentration from the bottom to the top part of the cores. This would probably reflect an increase in land use of the Barra Bonita reservoir watershed for the last 40 years. (author)

Flujo de carga con armónicos empleando la matriz impedancia de barras

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José A González Quintero

2011-03-01

Full Text Available Se describe un flujo de armónicos empleando la matriz impedancia de barras. El algoritmo propuesto permite hallar losvoltajes de cada nodo del circuito sin tener que realizar la solución simultánea de todas las ecuaciones no linealescorrespondientes a cada nodo, ni siquiera la solución simultánea de las ecuaciones correspondientes a una redreducida de nodos no lineales solamente.  This work describes a harmonic load flow using the bar impedance matrix. The proposed algorithm permit to findevery node voltage of the circuit without to realize the simultaneous solution of all the non-linear equationscorresponding to each node, not even the simultaneous solution of the equations corresponding to a reducednetwork of only non-linear nodes.

Personnel Dosimeters with Radiation Elements; Dosimetres Individuels Comportant des Elements Emetteurs; 0418 041d 0414 0418 0412 0418 0414 ; Dosimetros Individuales Provistos de Elementos Emisores

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hosemann, R.; Warrikhoff, H. F.H. [Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Berlin-Dahlem, Federal Republic of Germany (Germany)

1965-06-15

The radiation element is a vacuum diode, the electrodes of which emit a different charge of electrons per unit of irradiation. Since the electrons ejected leave one electrode with a high energy, the other electrode will be charged to proportionally high voltages without any auxiliary power. Accordingly these direct reading systems are called radiation elements. When measuring X- and y-rays, one electrode consists of lead, the other of carbon. The wavelength independence with regard to the r-unit was obtained by the electron-filtering method. The sensitivity is approximately 0.5 V/r {+-} 8% within the range from 80 keV to 1.25 MeV. (Full scale 200-2000 r either linear or quasi logarithm. ) When measuring slow and fast neutrons, the induced {beta}-activity of the electrodes charge the built-in electrometer. It is possible to measure both gamma radiation and neutrons in rem units with one instrument. The neutron sensitivity of a gamma element can be made definitely zero, but the gamma sensitivity of a neutron element presents some difficulties. The outstanding advantages of these instruments are: (1) Self-powered systems, always ready to function, unlimited storing time, no batteries or charging units; (2) Extremely low fading because of the use of vacuum and quartz for isolation; (3) Quantitative measurement of the highest attainable dose rates because of no recombination effects (vacuum) ; and (4) Either direct or indirect systems. The direct reading instrument contains the radiation element and the electrometer in the same vacuum vessel. There are no electrical contacts outside the instrument. Cylindrical and spherical designs of the element are preferable to other geometries. The outer dimensions of the instrument will be the same as those of the commonly used pen-type dosimeters. Each system contains a discharge switch and a control unit. (author) [French] L'element emetteur est constitue par une diode a vide dont les electrodes emettent des flux d

Upper nozzle welding development transfer of Angra 2/00 fuel element to F.E.C. (Fabrica de Elemento Combustivel)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lorenzo, R.F. di; Almeida, R.C.

1985-01-01

The technology development of upper nozzle welding of Angra-2 Combustible element, done at CDTN (Centro de Desenvolvimento da Tecnologia Nuclear), this technology transfer to FEC (Fabrica de Elemento Combustivel), the welders training of FEC in nozzle welding, the radiographic control of nozzle welds and the FEC personnel training in this nozzle welds radiography are presented is this report. (C.M.) [pt

Aspectos bioecológicos de Arenaeus cribrarius (Lamarck (Decapoda, Portunidae da Praia da Barra da Lagoa, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brasil Bioecological aspects of Arenaeus cribrarius (Lamarck (Decapoda, Portunidae from Praia da Barra da Lagoa, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brasil

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Marcelo Gentil Avila

1996-01-01

Full Text Available The specimens of Arenaeus cribrarius (Lamarck, 1818 used in this study were collected in the locality of Barra da Lagoa beach, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil, in the period of April/1991 to March/1992. In this area temperature and salinity values were observed. A total of 341 samples, that 184 were male and 157 were female were collectted. The maturacion sexual stadium were measured (cm and weightied (g. Expression of relation among weight of body (wt and width of carapace (wid was Wt=0,0567 Wid3,0494 on males and wt=0,074 Wid2,8795 on females. The relation length (Lt width (wid of carapace was Lt=0,4322. wid on males and Lt=0,4578. wid on females.

Tourism and environmental sustainability in the community of Barra Grande, Cajueiro da Praia, Piauí (PI

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Anderson Fontenele Vieira

2015-12-01

Full Text Available The community of Barra Grande, tourist destination located in Cajueiro da Praia, Piauí (PI, was the object of investigation of this study. Tourism, in this region, increased creating structural, social and environmental change. The aim of the research was to analyze the environmental impacts of tourism in Barra Grande considering the Environmental Sustainability Indicators of BIGS (Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics. It was conducted a bibliographic and documentary survey about public politics for tourism and environment, besides the application of semi-structured interviews with eighteen hotels diagnosing three indicators: water supply, sewage disposal, and collection and disposal of solid waste which measure pressure parameters (impacts to the natural environment, qualified the state of that environment and the existence of response mechanisms to minimize the impacts. The scientific relevance consists in the analysis of sustainability through indicators based on Model PER (Pressure-State-Response, adopted by OECD (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, in order to conduct strategic actions to solve environmental problems. Regarding the preliminary results, it realizes that the policies have part of their normalizations not carried out in practice. Concerning the field collection in the hotels it was identified that they agree with two of evaluated qualitative parameters, proving that the destination needs to improve as sustainability. Finally, it is expected that data may contribute to tourism planning, as well as building elements to support discussions, new research approaches on the viability and adherence of sustainable tourism segments in Piauí context or in other regions of Brazil.

Fenologia de Lafoensia pacari A.St.-Hil. (Lythraceae em Barra do Garças, Mato Grosso, Brasil Phenology of Lafoensia pacari A.St.-Hil. (Lythraceae in Barra do Garças, Mato Grosso State, Brazil

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L.W. Santos

2009-01-01

Full Text Available Lafoensia pacari A.St.-Hil. é uma espécie da flora do cerrado usada na medicina popular como anti-úlcera, antifúngica, antibactericida, anti-inflamatória, febrífuga, para emagrecimento e no tratamento de pneumonia, dores de estômago e coceiras. Estudou-se a fenologia de L. pacari no cerrado do Parque Estadual da "Serra Azul", região de Barra do Garças-MT (15º 51' 58" S e 52º 15' 37" W, à 645 m de altitude, durante o período de 24 meses. Verificou-se que as fenofases são sazonais, com floração nos meses de abril a agosto, frutificação de junho a setembro, brotação no início da estação chuvosa de outubro a dezembro e queda de folhas de julho a setembro, no final da estação seca.Lafoensia pacari is a species from the Brazilian cerrado used in folk medicine to control ulcers, fungal and bacterial diseases, inflammations, fevers, pneumonia, stomachaches, and itching, as well as to lose weight. L. pacari phenology was studied for 24 months in the cerrado at "Serra Azul" State Park, in the region of Barra do Garças, Mato Grosso State, Brazil (15º 51' 58" S and 52º 15' 37" W, at 645 m altitude. Phenophases are seasonal, with flowering from April to August, fruiting from June to September, sprouting from October to December, during the beginning of the rainy season, and leaf fall from July to September, at the end of the dry season.

Estabilidade de micro-organismos potencialmente probióticos em barra de cereais - efeito da técnica de incorporação

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Gustavo Almeida Bastos

2015-10-01

Full Text Available Este trabalho objetivou desenvolver formulações de barras de cereais contendo Lactobacillus acidophilus e Saccharomyces boulardii e avaliar a estabilidade destes micro-organismos potencialmente probióticos no produto elaborado durante o tempo de armazenamento (shelf life. Foram formuladas barras de cereais contendo separadamente os agentes probióticos S. boulardii e L. acidophilus, ambos nas formas liofilizada, granulados com lactose e encapsulados em alginato de cálcio. Foi avaliada a estabilidade dos micro-organismos durante o tempo de armazenamento. Tanto a levedura S. boulardii quanto a bactéria L. acidophilus apresentaram maior sobrevida na forma liofilizada, quando comparado com as outras formas de incorporação, mantendo contagem na faixa de 7 log UFC/g, durante oito semanas e na faixa de 7 log UFC/g, durante seis semanas, respectivamente. Comparando os resultados da incorporação dos dois micro-organismos na forma livre liofilizada observouse que a população de S. boulardii apresentou melhores resultados de viabilidade quando comparada com a população de L. acidophilus. Este estudo mostrou que é possível incorporar micro-organismos potencialmente probióticos em barras de cereais, preferencialmente na forma liofilizada, por proporcionar maior sobrevida dos micro-organismos.Palavras-chave: Barra de cereais. Probiótico. Saccharomyces boulardii. Lactobacillus acidophilus. ABSTRACT This study aims to develop formulations of cereal bars that contain Lactobacillus acidophilus and Saccharomyces boulardii and evaluate the stability of these potentially probiotic microorganisms in the elaborated product during the time of storage (shelf life. Cereal bars were designed containing separately the probiotic agents S. boulardii and L. acidophilus, both in the lyophilized form, granulated with lactose form and encapsulated in calcium alginate form. The stability of microorganisms during storage time was evaluated. Both, the yeast S

Motion equation of a finite dynamic elastic plane lineal element plane lineal element Ecuación del movimiento de un elemento finito lineal plano elástico dinámico con ocho grados de libertad

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Américo G Hossne

2010-12-01

Full Text Available A lineal finite element with constant traverse section, it can adopt any orientation in the plane, and their ends or nodes tie it to the rest of the elements. The kinetic energy (T and potential (V of a dynamic elastic element are the basement in the implementation of the Hamilton principle for the definition of a finite element. The definition of the kinetic energy and potential is the first step for the preliminary variational formulation to the enunciation for finite elements that it is used to solve, say, the problems of mechanisms that move in the plane using the Hamilton equation. The general objective consisted on defining the equation of the movement of a finite lineal dynamic elastic plane element using the equation of Hamilton, starting from the lagrangiana (T − V obtained with the use of a polynomial of fifth and first degree, with eight degrees of freedom, four in each node that represented the deformations: axial (u(x, traverse (w(x, slope ((dw(x/dx and bend ((d2w(x/dx2. The deformation due to traverse shearing, insignificant with respect to flexional and axial deformations, the rotational inertia and the frictional forces in the nodes, were underrated with the purpose of producing a friendly element. The specific objectives were to take place: (a the translational mass matrix [MD], (b the translational gyroscopic matrix [AD], (c the translational total rigidity matrix [KD], and (d the deformation vector (S. As a result the movement equation of a finite lineal dynamic elastic plane element was forged [MD]( ¨ S − 2¨[AD]( ˙S + {[K] − ˙2[MD] − ¨[AD]}(S = (Q . On concluded that the equation obtained variationally with the application of the Hamilton Principle is the state–of–the–art pattern, and that the procedure can be used when it is required to increase the number of the pattern freedom degrees.Un elemento finito lineal con sección transversal constante puede adoptar cualquier orientación en el plano y sus

Reproduction, food dynamics and exploitation level of Oreochromis niloticus (Perciformes: Cichlidae from artisanal fisheries in Barra Bonita Reservoir, Brazil

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José Luis Costa Novaes

2012-06-01

were phytoplankton and periphytic algae, observed in 99.6% of the analyzed stomachs. The estimated growth and mortality parameters were: L∞=33.60cm, k=0.63/year, longevity= 4.76years, Z=2.81/ year, M=1.20/year and F=1.61/year. The weight-length relationship was Ln Wt=-2.8532+2.8835 Ln Lp. The estimated yield per recruit values were as follows: E=0.570, Emax=0.776, E0.1=0.604 and E0.5=0.349. These results indicate that a well established population of O. niloticus is present at Barra Bonita Reservoir; with an active reproduction throughout the year, more intense during winter and spring, and that O. niloticus is a phytoplanktophagus species. There were no indications that this species is being overfished, we therefore recommend that, due to its exotic condition, no restrictions need to be taken on its fishing activities. Rev. Biol. Trop. 60 (2: 721-734. Epub 2012 June 01.La exótica tilapia del Nilo (Oreochromis niloticus es la especie mayormente capturada en la pesquería artesanal del embalse de Barra Bonita, sudeste de Brasil, de gran importancia socioeconómica para la región y para una población de unos 500 pescadores. El estudio analizo: la reproducción, la dinámica alimentaria y la explotación de O. niloticus, la cual fue capturada en la pesquería del embalse de Barra Bonita. Asimismo, se tomaron muestras mensuales y se analizo un total de 1 715 animales desde julio-2004 a junio-2005. De cada espécimen, se obtuvieron los siguientes datos biológicos y biométricos: longitud estándar (cm, peso total (g, datos reproductivos (sexo y estadio de maduración, contenido estomacal (vacio, parcialmente lleno y lleno. Estos datos fueron utilizados para estimar la proporción de sexo (a través de la observación macroscópica de las gónadas, el periodo reproductivo (a través de la distribución de la frecuencia de los estadios macroscópicos del desarrollo de los ovarios, y la media de la proporción del índice gonadosomático IGS de hembras, así como los h

Caracterização e avaliação sensorial de barra de cereais funcional de alto teor protéico e vitamínico Characterization and sensorial evaluation of functional cereal bar

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Daniela G.C. Freitas

2006-06-01

Full Text Available Barras de cereais foram introduzidas no mercado há cerca de uma década como alternativa "saudável" de confeito. Concomitantemente, alimentos como a soja, ricos em vitaminas e minerais e com propriedades antioxidantes vêm recebendo grande aplicação em produtos de alegação funcional, pois previnem contra doenças cardiovasculares e crônico-degenerativas. Considerando o crescimento do segmento de barra de cereais no setor de alimentos, desenvolveu-se uma formulação de barra de cereais de alto teor protéico e vitamínico, à base de proteína de soja texturizada, gérmen de trigo e aveia, enriquecida de ácido ascórbico e acetato de -tocoferol. As matérias-primas e a formulação final da barra de cereais foram submetidas a análises para caracterização e três formulações, variando o teor de ácido ascórbico, foram avaliadas quanto à preferência sensorial e intensidade ideal de doçura e acidez. A proteína de soja texturizada utilizada apresentou elevados teores dos oligossacarídeos rafinose e estaquiose (1,92 g/100 g e 4,66 g/100 g e de isoflavonas totais (283,49 mg/100 g se comparados ao grão, farinha integral e isolado protéico. A formulação final da barra de cereais apresentou 15,31% de proteína e elevado teor de vitamina E (118,0 mg/100 g e minerais como fósforo, ferro e manganês. A formulação adicionada de 1,1 g/100 g de ácido ascórbico obteve maior preferência sensorial diferindo das demais amostras (pCereal bars were introduced over a decade ago as a "healthy" alternative confectionery. Concomitantly, foods as soybean, with high vitamin and mineral levels and antioxidants properties come receiving great application in functional products, because they can prevent against chronic-degenerative illnesses of the heart. Considering the growth of the segment of cereal bars in the food sector, it was developed a formulation with high protein and vitamin levels cereal bar based on textured soy protein, wheat germ

Calculation of electromagnetic fields in electric machines by means of the finite element. Algorithms for the solution of problems with known total densities. Pt. 2; Calculo de campos electromagneticos en maquinas electricas mediante elemento finito. Algoritmos para la solucion de problemas con densidades totales conocidas. Pt. 2

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Rosales, Mauricio F [Instituto de Investigaciones Electricas, Cuernavaca (Mexico)

1988-12-31

This article is based in the electromagnetic modeling presented in the first part. Here are only considered the magnetic systems or electric systems in closed regions with moving or axial symmetry, whose total current density or total electric load density is known. The algorithms that have been implanted in the software CLIIE-2D of the Instituto de Investigaciones Electricas (IIE) are developed in order to obtain numerical solutions for these problems. The basic systems of algebraic equations are obtained by means of the application of the Galerkin method in the discreteness of the finite element with first order triangular elements. [Espanol] Este articulo se basa en la modelacion electromagnetica presentada en la primera parte. Aqui solo se consideran sistemas magneticos o sistemas electricos en regiones cerradas con simetria translacional o axial, cuya densidad de corriente total o densidad de carga electrica total es conocida. Se desarrollan los algoritmos que se han implantado en el programa de computo CLIIE-2D, del Instituto de Investigaciones Electricas (IIE) con el fin de obtener soluciones numericas para estos problemas. Los sistemas basicos de ecuaciones algebraicas se obtienen mediante la aplicacion del metodo de Galerkin en la discretizacion de elemento finito con elementos triangulares de primer orden.

Calculation of electromagnetic fields in electric machines by means of the finite element. Algorithms for the solution of problems with known total densities. Pt. 2; Calculo de campos electromagneticos en maquinas electricas mediante elemento finito. Algoritmos para la solucion de problemas con densidades totales conocidas. Pt. 2

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Rosales, Mauricio F. [Instituto de Investigaciones Electricas, Cuernavaca (Mexico)

1987-12-31

This article is based in the electromagnetic modeling presented in the first part. Here are only considered the magnetic systems or electric systems in closed regions with moving or axial symmetry, whose total current density or total electric load density is known. The algorithms that have been implanted in the software CLIIE-2D of the Instituto de Investigaciones Electricas (IIE) are developed in order to obtain numerical solutions for these problems. The basic systems of algebraic equations are obtained by means of the application of the Galerkin method in the discreteness of the finite element with first order triangular elements. [Espanol] Este articulo se basa en la modelacion electromagnetica presentada en la primera parte. Aqui solo se consideran sistemas magneticos o sistemas electricos en regiones cerradas con simetria translacional o axial, cuya densidad de corriente total o densidad de carga electrica total es conocida. Se desarrollan los algoritmos que se han implantado en el programa de computo CLIIE-2D, del Instituto de Investigaciones Electricas (IIE) con el fin de obtener soluciones numericas para estos problemas. Los sistemas basicos de ecuaciones algebraicas se obtienen mediante la aplicacion del metodo de Galerkin en la discretizacion de elemento finito con elementos triangulares de primer orden.

Automatic Inspection of Co-Laminated Elements; Controle Automatique d'Elements Colamines; Avtomaticheskij kontrol' ul'trazvukom sovmestno prokatannykh ehlementov; Metodo para la Verificacion Automatica de Elementos Colaminados

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Destribats, Marie-Therese [Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires de Saclay (France); Dory, J. [Realisations Ultrasoniques Meaux (S. et M.) (France)

1965-09-15

'un disque rotatif. Chaque traducteur est mis en service tous les 1/6 de tour par l'intermediaire de relais commandes par des secteurs aimantes. De la sorte, le pinceau ultrasonore decrit sur la surface de la plaque une serie d'arcs de cercle jointifs. La quantite d'energie transmise a travers la plaque est mesuree avec precision en chaque point. Le resultat de la mesure est applique a un enregistreur special qui donne une reproduction en vraie grandeur de l'element examine (le papier de l'enregistreur est de type ordinaire; l'inscription s'effectue au moyen de papier carbone). Sur l'enregistrement obtenu, les defauts apparaissent sous forme de taches foncees. L'appareillage peut fonctionner, soit en tout ou rien avec un seuil de marquage predetermine, soit en demi-teintes. Les traducteurs, dont la frequence peut varier de 3 a 15 MHz, sont excites par des impulsions breves. Les traducteurs utilisies, en titanate de baryum, ont un diametre de 3 mm. Le pas d'exploration est variable de 0,3 a 0,6 mm, la vitesse lineaire etant de 5 a 20 mm par seconde. L'ensemble peut recevoir des elements ayant les dimensions maximales suivantes: largeur 150 mm, longueur 2000 mm, epaisseur 25 mm. Les essais effectues jusqu'a ce jour ont permis de determiner des zones decollees de 0,5mm diametre dans de elements de 2 mm d'epaisseur. (author) [Spanish] Se describe en esta memoria un aparato automatico destinado a verificar, por un metodo ultrasoniso, la calidad de las vainas fabricadas con elementos colaminados. Estos elementos movidos por rodillos pasan bajo el haz ultrasonico sumergidos en una cuba de acero inoxidable llena de agua. Un reflector auxiliar permite utilizar los mismos transductores para la emision y la recepcion. La exploracion de las placas se lleva a cabo mediante seis transductores dispuestos en la periferia de un disco rotativo. Los transductores entran en funcion uno tras otro, cada 1/6 de vuelta, por intermedio de un sistema reles accionados por sectores imanados. De esta

Preliminary characterization of the rare earth ore from the Barra do Itapirapua, Sao Paulo and Parana states, Brazil. Detail 1 area

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lorenzi, M.L.B.; Lorenzi, V.E.; Kahn, H.

1996-01-01

The main rare earth mineralization on Barra do Itapirapua Alkaline-Carbonatitic Complex is related to the weathering mantle of the Serrana Body carbonatite plug - detail 1 area. The present work describes the preliminary RE ore types established from correlation between geological observations, geochemical weathering profile and mineralogical studies. Mineralogical studies, comprising around 40 thin section analysis, were performed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy dispersive systems (EDS). (author)

Horta orgânica de ervas medicinais: inclusão social na comunidade da Barra em Muriaé/MG - Brasil

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José Luiz de Freitas Paixão

2013-09-01

Full Text Available Foi implantada uma horta orgânica de ervas medicinais na comunidade da Barra (Muriaé, MG com o objetivo de inclusão social de pessoas carentes ao permitir acesso ao tratamento por fitoterapia. O início das atividades foi em janeiro de 2006, com a escolha das espécies, obtenção de mudas e instalação da horta. As 40 espécies selecionadas, sob manejo agroecológico, eram indicadas com terapêutica aos 25 principais problemas de saúde levantados na comunidade. O formato didático da horta, representando o corpo humano, serviu como referência às indicações de uso de cada espécie. A horta foi mantida até meados de 2012 na Barra e transferida ao IFMURIAÉ, em área de cultivo agroecológico, no Bairro Sofoco, onde se realizam as práticas do curso de técnico em agroecologia. A comunidade da Barra auxiliou desde as primeiras ações, sendo atuante na colheita das plantas medicinais. As plantas coletadas foram levadas a sala anexa à Paróquia local onde se realizou o processamento pós-colheita e o preparo de fitoterápicos. A dispensação dos preparados foi em outra sala cedida pela Paróquia. As formas fitoterápicas disponibilizadas à população foram de uso interno (erva seca, tintura, xarope e externo (creme, gel, pomada, sendo as mais procuradas: gel, tintura e xarope. De 2006 a 2012 foram  32.400 atendimentos, média de 385 pessoas/mês. O sucesso do projeto se reflete no aumento do número de espécies utilizadas, passando de 40 espécies em 2006 para 170 espécies em 2012, dentre elas: alecrim de jardim (Rosmarinus officinalis, alfavaca (Ocimum basilicum, amora (Morus alba, arnica brasileira (Solidago microglossa, calêndula (Calendula officinalis, camomila (Matricaria chamomilla, capim gordura (Melinis minutiflora, cavalinha (Equisetum arvense, chapéu-de-couro (Echinodorus grandiflorus e espinheira santa (Maytenus aquifolium.

Influencia del diámetro de la barra y del recubrimiento en las características adherentes del hormigón armado

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Molina, M.

2004-04-01

Full Text Available The bond mechanism on reinforced concrete structures is analysing in this paper. A state of art review of bond phenomenon and characterisation tests, pull-out and beam tests are included. Experimental modifications of RILEM/CEB/FIP pull-out tests on prismatic specimens with different concrete cover are also studied. The objective of eccentric tests is to estimate the maximum bond stress and the loss of concrete cover influence on the reinforced concrete behaviour. Bars diameter and concrete cover influence on concrete-steel stress transfer and different types of failures are analysed finally.

En este artículo se estudia el fenómeno de la adherencia en estructuras de hormigón armado. En primer lugar se incluye una revisión del estado del conocimiento sobre la adherencia y sobre los distintos ensayos de caracterización, principalmente tipo pull-out (ensayos de tracción sobre probetas prismáticas con diferentes longitudes de anclaje según el diámetro de la barra y ensayos Beam Test sobre vigas de hormigón armado. En segundo lugar se presentan los resultados de los ensayos tipo pull-out realizados en la nave de ensayos del Instituto de Ciencias de la Construcción Eduardo Torroja, en probetas prismáticas variando el diámetro y el recubrimiento de las barras según el ensayo normalizado por la RILEM/CEB/FIP con algunas modificaciones. Se realizan ensayos tanto con la barra en posición centrada como con diferentes recubrimientos. El objeto de los ensayos con excentricidad es estimar la influencia del escaso o nulo recubrimiento en el comportamiento del hormigón armado. Finalmente se analizan los diferentes tipos de fallo obtenidos en los ensayos y la influencia del diámetro de la armadura y el recubrimiento en la transferencia de tensiones hormigón acero.

A Rapid-Insertion Control-Absorber Mechanism for Use in Hollow Fuel Elements; Mecanisme d'Insertion Rapide d'Absorbants pour Utilisation dans des Elements Creux; Mekhanizm bystrogo vvoda poglotitelya dlya ispol'zovaniya v polykh toplivnykh ehlementakh; Mecanismo para la Insercion Rapida de Absorbentes en Elementos Combustibles Huecos

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

King, E. S.F. [Atomic Energy Research Establishment Harwell, Berks. (United Kingdom)

1964-06-15

reglee avec une precision de 4 x 10{sup -3}cm et on peut le retirer a des vitesses de 0,04 cm/s'et 0,01 cm/s. Le mecanisme est constitue par un moteur a vernier qui entraihe une vis sans fin et eleve ou abaisse un obturateur cylindrique adapte a la protection a sa base d'un electro-aimant qui soutient un tube absorbant. Il y a un espace important autour du tube absorbant, qui tombe en chute libre (il rencontre seulement la resistance visqueuse du ralen- tisseur/refroidisseur) jusqu'a ce qu'il soit arrete dans sa chute par une barre centrale passant a travers la vis sans fin et aboutissant a un amortisseur a ressort circulaire situe au sommet du mecanisme. Apres la chute du tube absorbant, le moteur fait descendre rapidement l'obturateur dans lequel on engage de nouveau le tube. La dimension du mecanisme est comprise dans les dimensions d'ensemble de l'element et on peut le sortir du reacteur en meme temps que l'element ou separement, au moyen de la bouteille de dechargement du combustible [Spanish] El autor describe las caracteristicas tecnicas y funcionales de un mecanismo de mando para absorbentes de control, de insercion rapida, aplicable a los elementos combustibles huecos, verticales, de los reactores de ensayo de materiales de tipo DIDO, cuyo flujo termico es de 10{sup 14} n/cm{sup 2} s. La aceleracion descendente inicial del absorbente es la debida a la gravedad y la carrera total, de 61 cm, se cumple en 0,4 s. El intervalo de disparo del iman es de 5 ms. El absorbente pesa 7 kg, tiene una superficie efectiva de 1000 cm{sup 2} de Cd y una capacidad de regulacion del 3% de la reactividad. Su posicion puede fijarse con una precision de 4 x 10{sup -3}cm y la velocidad de extraccion varia entre 0,04 cm/s y 0,01 cm/s. El mecanismo consta de un motor de avance a vernier que acciona un tornillo de guia y puede elevar o bajar un obturador blindado cilindrico de ajuste estricto que lleva un electroiman en el extremo inferior y sostiene el absorbente tubular. La luz radial

¿Para dónde va el Magdalena? : elementos sobre logística y transporte verde

OpenAIRE

Duque Escobar, Gonzalo

2015-01-01

Algunos elementos sobre logística y transporte verde, preparados a nombre de la SMP-UN, para aportar al conocimiento de las problemáticas sociales, ambientales y económicos del proyecto de navegabilidad del río Magdalena, cuya navegabilidad exige, además de considerar las limitantes ecológicas del río y su lamentable estado relacionado con la deforestación de cuencas como causa estructural y primera de la sedimentación, estructurar un sistema intermodal de transporte de carga para la Región A...

Cytogenetics of the Brazilian whiptail lizard Cnemidophorus littoralis (Teiidae) from a restinga area (Barra de Maricá) in Southeastern Brazil.

Science.gov (United States)

Peccinini-Seale, D; Rocha, C F D; Almeida, T M B; Araújo, A F B; De Sena, M A

2004-08-01

Chromosomes of Cnemidophorus littoralis, a new species of teiid lizard recently described, were studied. The animals are from a restinga area in Barra de Maricá, RJ. The karyotype presents a diploid number of 2n = 46 chromosomes and a chromosomal sex determination mechanism of the type XX:XY. Nucleolar organizer regions, Ag-NORs, are at the sixth pair of chromosomes; there is variability of size and number of the Ag-stained nucleoli on the 50 interphase nuclei for each specimen analyzed. These nucleoli are related to NOR patterns that also demonstrated variability in size and number. This paper presents the first description of the karyotype of Cnemidophorus littoralis and of a chromosomal sex determination mechanism of the XX:XY type in the genus Cnemidophorus from Southeastern Brazil.

Calculo de volúmenes en modelos remallados de elementos finitos

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Andrés Lapuebla-Ferri

2011-06-01

Full Text Available El Método de los Elementos Finitos asistido por ordenador es una herramienta muy extendida en ingeniería. En ciertas aplicaciones, se precisa modificar la malla del modelo a lo largo del proceso de simulación, lo que se conoce como remallado. En estos casos, además, suele ser necesario realizar mediciones en el modelo de elementos finitos, como por ejemplo calcular el volumen de ciertas regiones del mismo. Los paquetes comerciales disponibles en la actualidad permiten satisfacer algunas de estas necesidades, aunque adolecen de ciertas limitaciones. En este trabajo se presenta una aplicación desarrollada en el código propio de MatlabQc, que permite el cálculo aproximado del volumen de una región del espacio comprendida entre una malla de elementos finitos cuadriláteros lineales y otra malla topológicamente equivalente a la anterior, esta última obtenida a través de un proceso de remallado.

Two new species of gall midges (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae) associated with Erythroxylum ovalifolium Peyr. (Erythroxylaceae) from the Barra de Maricá restinga, Maricá, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

Science.gov (United States)

Maia, V C; Fernandes, S P C

2011-05-01

Two new species of gall midges (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae) Dasineura ovalifoliae and Clinodiplosis maricaensis are described based on material from the Barra de Maricá restinga, Maricá, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Both species are associated with Erythroxylum ovalifolium Peyr. (Erythroxylaceae). The former is the gall inducer and the latter an inquiline.

El análisis por elementos finitos: una metodología muy reciente en economía

OpenAIRE

Escribano Ródenas, Miguel

2006-01-01

La técnica de análisis por elementos finitos (AEF) consiste en dividir la geometría en la que se quiere resolver una ecuación diferencial de un campo escalar o vectorial en un dominio, en pequeños elementos, teniendo en cuenta unas ecuaciones de campo en cada elemento, los elementos del entorno de vecindad y las fuentes generadoras de campo en cada elemento. Habitualmente, esta técnica es muy utilizada en el ámbito de la ingeniería debido a que muchos problemas físicos de interés se form...

Estudio y estado de conservación de elementos metálicos de vidrieras de la Catedral de León

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Peña-Poza, J.

2010-06-01

Full Text Available A sample set of metallic elements of steel (supporting rods and lead (H-shaped cames and that used to fix other elements to walls from stained glass windows of the Cathedral of Leon (Spain has been studied in this paper. The main objective was to assess the state of conservation of these materials by diagnosing degradation and corrosion processes, in order to establish the most adequate conservation criteria. In addition, mechanical resistance of other metallic elements used in the external glazing system installed to protect stained glass windows after restoration was also evaluated. The materials were studied by optical microscopy (OM, metallographic examination, conventional wet chemical analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM with energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis (EDX, X–ray diffraction (XRD, and mechanical drive tests. Resulting data were useful to establish intervention guidelines in restoration tasks, as well as to determine some technological aspects of the production process of materials.

En este trabajo se ha estudiado un conjunto de elementos metálicos de acero (barras de sujeción y plomo (perfiles en H y de recibo a muros procedentes de vidrieras de la Catedral de León. El principal objetivo consistió en evaluar el estado de conservación de estos materiales mediante el diagnóstico de los procesos de degradación y corrosión, con el fin de establecer los criterios más adecuados de conservación. Además, también se evaluó la resistencia mecánica de otros elementos metálicos utilizados en los acristalamientos exteriores instalados para proteger las vidrieras tras su restauración. Los materiales se estudiaron mediante microscopía óptica (MO, observación metalográfica, análisis químico por vía húmeda, microscopía electrónica de barrido (MEB con microanálisis por dispersión de energías de rayos X (EDX, difracción de rayos X (DRX y ensayos de tracción mecánica. Los resultados obtenidos

Comprobaciones resistentes de elementos constructivos de tierra

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Estrada, Enrique

1986-11-01

Full Text Available This work has the purpose to compare, by means of different tests on adobe bricks and masonry, the obtained resistant properties and those of other similar works carried out in countries having a wide tradition and knowledge about earth as construction material. Elements (adobe bricks and blocks have been tested to compression and bending, and masonry made of those elements to compression and diagonal compression.El presente trabajo pretende comparar, por medio de distintos ensayos sobre elementos y fábricas de mampostería de tierra, las propiedades resistentes obtenidas con las de otros trabajos similares realizados en países con dilatada tradición y conocimiento de la tierra como material de construcción. Se han ensayado elementos (adobes y bloques a compresión y flexotracción y fábricas formadas por conjuntos de los mismos a compresión y a compresión diagonal.

Two new species of gall midges (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae associated with Erythroxylum ovalifolium Peyr. (Erythroxylaceae from the Barra de Maricá restinga, Maricá, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

VC Maia

Full Text Available Two new species of gall midges (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae Dasineura ovalifoliae and Clinodiplosis maricaensis are described based on material from the Barra de Maricá restinga, Maricá, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Both species are associated with Erythroxylum ovalifolium Peyr. (Erythroxylaceae. The former is the gall inducer and the latter an inquiline.

Plataforma de desarrollo de ciencias integradas 3D ciencias basada en tecnologías de visualización y elementos hapticos para modernizar y apoyar la enseñanza de las ciencias físicas, matemáticas y químicas en la educación básica

OpenAIRE

Sánchez Schulz, Ricardo

2013-01-01

Este proyecto abordó los siguientes problemas de importancia nacional: La dificultad que tienen los estudiantes de enseñanza básica para entender conceptos de ciencias físicas, químicas y matemáticas abstractos y solucionar problemas. La carencia de tecnologías multimedia, visualización y laboratorios virtuales en el sistema educacional Chileno. En industria educativa: No considera técnicas de visualización (2D, 3D, animación interactiva, computación gráfica) y elementos hápticos que permitan...

El potencial de la madera como elemento estructural

OpenAIRE

Valladares Pagliotti, Enzo

2013-01-01

El empleo de estructuras de madera para construcciones con grandes luces y magnitud media es recogido por este artículo, que propone la combinación de elementos madera laminada y aserrada articulados por conectores metálicos.

Elaboración de barras energéticas para escolares a partir de subproductos industriales de soya y maíz

OpenAIRE

De La Paz Castro, Viviana; Coello Ojeda, Karín Elizabeth

2013-01-01

El Programa de Alimentación Escolar del Ecuador (PAE) ofrece a escuelas fiscales productos como complemento alimenticio que contienen un adecuado aporte de calorías, proteínas, vitaminas y minerales con el propósito de mejorar la nutrición y por consiguiente la capacidad en el aprendizaje de los niños en edad escolar. Entre los productos que el PAE distribuye se encuentra la granola en barra hecha a base de avena, la cual al ser una materia prima importada eleva el costo del producto final. ...

Análisis de la resistencia a la corrosión de barras corrugadas de acero inoxidable en medios acuosos que simulan el hormigón

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Belzunce, F. J.

2004-04-01

Full Text Available The corrosion behaviour of stainless steel reinforced bars used in civil engineering was studied. Different electrochemical tests were performed using several stainless steel bars (austenitic and duplex, hot and cold rolled, in the presence of a solution, which simulates the contact with salt contaminated concrete. The corrosion rates were determined and also their behaviour against localized corrosion (pitting.

Se ha realizado un estudio sobre la resistencia a la corrosión de barras corrugadas de acero inoxidable utilizadas en construcción civil para armar el hormigón. Con este objeto se han realizado diferentes ensayos electroquímicos en presencia de un medio acuoso básico, que simula el contacto con hormigón contaminado con sal, y se ha determinado la velocidad de corrosión y la resistencia a la formación de picaduras de diferentes calidades de aceros inoxidables (austeníticos y dúplex, tanto conformadas en caliente como en frío.

Elementos decorativos en el cartel taurino

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Begoña Torres

2001-01-01

Full Text Available El estudio de los elementos decorativos del cartel taurino (viñetas, orlas y adornos -que se abordan en este artículo por primera vez- es una fuente de información fundamental que nos aporta importantes datos sobre la relación del cartel taurino con el libro y otros impresos, los cambios en el gusto, la pervivencia de elementos ornamentales a lo largo del tiempo, la preferencia en los temas decorativos y el intercambio de adornos entre diferentes imprentas, la difusión masiva de imágenes, su relación con el texto, y las innovaciones técnicas introducidas en la imprenta durante los siglos XIX y XX.The study of decoratives elements represented in the bullfight affiche (drawings, borders and ornaments -addresses for the firts time in this anide- it's a basic source of Information, which contributes to get important facts about the relationship between a poster and other books and printed material; the changes in the style, the persistency of ornamental elements thoughout time, the preference just in decorative themes and the exchanges of ornaments among printers; the massive dissemination of images, his relation with the text and the technical innovations brought into the press during the 19th and the 20 centuries.

Primary production measurements at three reservoirs in the state of Sao Paulo, Brazil

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Jureidini, P.; Chinez, S.J.; Agudo, E.G.

1983-01-01

Primary production measurements were carried out at three reservoirs in the state of Sao Paulo, Barra Bonita, Paiva Castro and Ponte nova using the 14 C technique. Meanwhile, several physical and chemical parameters of these water were also evaluated, in order to find out the limnological conditions of these reservoirs. Primary production rates ranged from 7,6mg C/m 3 d at Ponte Nova, to 247,2mg C/m 3 d at Barra Bonita. There seems to be god correlation between water quality data and primary production measurements. Regarding the results, it may be stated that the Barra Bonita reservoir has reached the eutrophic level, while the other two exibit mesotrophic levels. As a way of testing the water quality data collected was used in Churchill and Nicholas model, issuing results in agreement with those of the primary production measurements. (Author) [pt

Evidenciação de elementos do capital intelectual nos relatórios da administração de companhias brasileiras pertencentes ao nível 2 de governança corporativa.

OpenAIRE

Bernardo Bertolucci de Holanda Arruda; Thaize Gouveia Cabral; Aneide Oliveira Araújo

2009-01-01

Considerando a necessidade dos investidores de informações que evidenciem o potencial de geração de benefícios futuros, em um ambiente de transformações tecnológicas e negociais, evidenciar elementos do capital intelectual pode se constituir um fator de atratividade de capitais para a empresa. Desse modo, este trabalho tem como objetivo identificar a existência dos elementos do capital intelectual nos Relatórios de Administração das companhias listadas no Nível 2 de governança cor...

ESTUDO NUMÉRICO DE CONECTORES DE CISALHAMENTO EM BARRAS DE AÇO PARA VIGAS MISTAS DE AÇO E CONCRETO

OpenAIRE

Barbosa, Wallison Carlos de Souza; Chater, Latif C; e Cavalcante, Otávio R de Oliveira; Bezerra, Luciano Mendes

2017-01-01

Resumo. As estruturas mistas apresentam grandes vantagens quanto a aspectos estruturais e construtivos, sendo os conectores de cisalhamento determinantes para a obtenção da interação entre os materiais (aço e concreto). Este trabalho apresenta o desenvolvimento de um conector de cisalhamento com barras de aço CA50-A, proposto para uso em viga mista de aço e concreto. O conector proposto é de fácil execução e pode servir como alternativa viável ao uso dos conectores stud e ‘U’. Foi idealizada ...

Pinturas rupestres esquemáticas del Bonete del Cura (Ciudad Rodrigo, Salamanca

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Julián BÉCARES PÉREZ

2009-10-01

Full Text Available RESUMEN: Con este trabajo damos a conocer un nuevo abrigo de arte rupestre esquemático en la provincia de Salamanca, término de Ciudad Rodrigo. Se ha comenzado por una descripción de las figuras que contiene el abrigo y que son en su mayoría arboriformes y antropomorfos, algunos de ellos con tocados u otros elementos suplementarios. En menor número: barras, ancoriformes, un cuadrúpedo y la aparición de cuatro motivos compuestos por elementos triangulares o subtriangulares y la parte superior de un antropomorfo. A continuación, estos motivos se han encuadrado en el resto del conjunto del arte esquemático, resaltando los elementos que poseen una mayor importancia, sea por representar motivos nuevos o característicos dentro del arte esquemático, sea por ser un elemento mayoritario del abrigo. Hemos terminado haciendo una correlación de este abrigo con los que a nuestro parecer poseen un mayor número de elementos de comparación en el resto de la Península.RÉSUMÉ: Nous faisons connaître par ce travail un nouvel abri d'art rupestre schématique dans la province de Salamanca, commune de Ciudad Rodrigo. On a commencé par une description des figures de l'abri et qui sont, la plupart des arboriformes et des antropomorphes, quelques uns avec des coiffes ou d'autres éléments supplémentaires. En nombre inférieur: des barres, des ancoriformes, un cuadrúpede et l'apparition de quatre motifs composés par des éléments triangulaires ou sous-triangulaires et la partie supérieure d'un antropomorphe. Ensuite, on a intégré ces motifs dans le reste de l'ensemble de l'art schématique, tout en faisant ressortir les éléments de plus grande importance, soit parce qu'ils représentent des motifs nouveaux ou caractéristiques de l'art schématique, soit parce que ce sont les éléments majoritaires de l'abri. Nous avons fini par faire une corrélation de cet abri avec ceux qui á notre avis possèdent un plus grand nombre d'éléments de

Elementos clave para la gestión de la creatividad

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Rosa María Fuchs Ángeles

2009-06-01

Full Text Available Las organizaciones se encuentran en la búsqueda permanente de la innovación, y para alcanzarla deben fomentar la creatividad. El presente artículo analiza una serie de elementos que se tienen en cuenta en la gestión de la creatividad organizacional y propone un modelo con los factores indispensables que las organizaciones deberían considerar para lograrla.Los elementos que se analizan son: la cultura y el entorno organizacional, la estrategia, la estructura, la comunicación, el contacto con el cliente, los mecanismos de recursos humanos (como el reclutamiento, el entrenamiento, el diseño de puestos, la compensación, la promoción y evaluación del desempeño, la orientación en el largo plazo y, finalmente, el ciclo de vida organizacional. A partir del análisis de estos elementos, se identificaron los pilares que se consideran indispensables para la gestión de la creatividad. El modelo propuesto está conformado por 5 pilares: la alineación entre estrategia, cultura y estructura organizacionales, llamada por los autores «Santísima Trinidad», la publicidad interna, la voz del consumidor, el reconocimiento y la mirada al futuro. Posteriormente, se presenta el caso de una empresa innovadora peruana desde la perspectiva del modelo y las conclusiones del estudio.

Comportamiento Mecánico Estático de los Instrumentos S1, S2, F1 de Protaper Universal® Bajo Torsión y Doblamiento. Análisis por Elementos Finitos

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Luisa Fernanda Cartagena

2011-10-01

Full Text Available Propósito: Examinar el comportamiento mecánico estático de los instrumentos ProTaper Universal® S1, S2, F1 bajo torsión y doblamiento teniendo en cuenta las propiedades mecánicas del material, mediante el método de elementos finitos. Metodología: Estudio Observacional descriptivo. Las limas investigadas fueron S1, S2, F1 de ProTaper Universal®, modeladas con el software ANSYS 10 y sometidas a fuerzas de torsión empezando en 0.25N/cm hasta alcanzar el torque máximo recomendado por la casa comercial Maillefer® y doblamiento en un ángulo de 600. Resultados:El máximo esfuerzo ocurre en el núcleo de la sección para todos los instrumentos evaluados;  al incrementar el torque el  esfuerzo  se disipa a la periferia para S1 (D5, D10, D14, S2 (D5, D7, D8, D10, F1 (D2, D3, D5.  La lima S1 al ser sometida a  torsión en D0 y D5 independiente del torque que fuese aplicado el máximo de esfuerzo superaba el límite de deformación plástica en el núcleo de la sección  del instrumento. La lima S2 con torques de  1 ó 1,5 N/cm superó  el límite elástico del material. Lima F1 en D0, D2 con torques de  0.25, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2 N/cm el esfuerzo máximo no supero el límite de deformación plástica. En la prueba de doblamiento la gran mayoría de la estructura de las limas S1, S2, F1, se encuentra  por debajo del esfuerzo de ruptura (línea neutral es bastante ancha.Conclusion: Las fuerzas de  torsión para todas la limas del estudio mostraron tener mayor riesgo de separación del instrumento en comparación con  las fuerzas de doblamiento. 

SINTERIZACIÓN CÉRAMICA POR ELEMENTOS FINITOS

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Nolasco Arango

Full Text Available Este artículo describe y establece la eficacia de utilizar el análisis de elementos finitos (discretización para predecir los cambios de forma de un plato cerámico formado mediante la tecnología de prensado isostático (Prensa Sacmi PHO-600 durante el proceso de sinterización. El modelo desarrollado se basa en el principio de conservación de la masa y no incluye las deformaciones mecánicas del material. Para su implantación se requiere: i la descripción de la malla de elementos finitos del cuerpo crudo prensado, ii la densidad del plato compactado antes y después del proceso de sinterización. Las predicciones numéricas obtenidas se comparan con los resultados reales del proceso de cocción, mediante el contraste entre los diámetros y alturas de la pieza y el coeficiente de contracción. Los resultados muestran una diferencia de0,52% en diámetro y 0,48% en altura entre el valor numérico y el valor real; y una diferencia en contracción de 3,49%. Ésta es una muy buena predicción en términos prácticos.

ANÁLISE TEÓRICA SOBRE A INFLUÊNCIA DA ESTRUTURA ELETRÔNICA NAS PROPRIEDADES MAGNÉTICAS DOS ELEMENTOS TERRAS-RARAS

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Fábio Henrique Silva Sales

2013-09-01

Full Text Available Apresentamos um estudo teórico que propõe uma abordagem de fácil entendimento sobre as propriedades magnéticas dos Terras-Raras (TR disprósio (Dy e o hólmio (Ho, a partir da estrutura eletrônica destes elementos. Os elétrons desemparelhados nos orbitais 4f dão origem magnetismo dos TR, fazendo com que estes apresentem altos valores de momento magnéticos comparados a outros elementos químicos. Sistemas nanomagnéticos artificiais envolvendo nanocamadas de Dy e Ho tem sido amplamente estudado nos últimos anos, devido principalmente às fases magnéticas exóticas apresentadas por esses materiais, favorecendo, cada vez mais, o aparecimento de novas propriedades magnéticas nestes sistemas, e o interesse da indústrias da magneto-eletrônica e refrigeração magnética.

Da terra ao mar : turismo de base comunitária no espaço vivido de Superagüi - Guaraqueçaba, Paraná

OpenAIRE

Camargo, Aparecida

2015-01-01

Orientadora: Profª. Drª. Letícia Bartoszeck Nitsche Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciências Humanas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Turismo. Defesa: Curitiba, 07/07/2015 Inclui referências : f. 200-207 Resumo: Conhecer as relações que se estabelecem em comunidades, envolvendo seus membros, suas lideranças, instituições e ambiente permite desvendar o espaço vivido e os elementos que os amalgamam. A comunidade da Barra do Superagüi, onde ocorreu este es...

DNA barcodes for soil animal taxonomy Código de barras de DNA para a taxonomia de animais do solo

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Rodolphe Rougerie

2009-08-01

Full Text Available The biodiversity of soil communities remains very poorly known and understood. Soil biological sciences are strongly affected by the taxonomic crisis, and most groups of animals in that biota suffer from a strong taxonomic impediment. The objective of this work was to investigate how DNA barcoding - a novel method using a microgenomic tag for species identification and discrimination - permits better evaluation of the taxonomy of soil biota. A total of 1,152 barcode sequences were analyzed for two major groups of animals, collembolans and earthworms, which presented broad taxonomic and geographic sampling. Besides strongly reflecting the taxonomic impediment for both groups, with a large number of species-level divergent lineages remaining unnamed so far, the results also highlight a high level (15% of cryptic diversity within known species of both earthworms and collembolans. These results are supportive of recent local studies using a similar approach. Within an impeded taxonomic system for soil animals, DNA-assisted identification tools can facilitate and improve biodiversity exploration and description. DNA-barcoding campaigns are rapidly developing in soil animals and the community of soil biologists is urged to embrace these methods.A biodiversidade das comunidades do solo continua muito pouco conhecida e entendida. A biologia do solo é fortemente afetada pela crise taxonômica, e a maior parte dos grupos de animais dessa biota sofre forte impedimento taxonômico. O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar como o código de barras de DNA - um método novo que usa uma etiqueta microgenômica para identificação e discriminação de espécies - permite uma melhor avaliação da taxonomia da biota edáfica. Foram analisadas 1.152 sequências de códigos de barras de dois grupos principais de animais, colêmbolos e minhocas, que apresentaram ampla amostragem taxonômica e geográfica. Além de refletir fortemente o impedimento taxonômico de

ANÁLISIS CINEMÁTICO Y DISEÑO DE UN MECANISMO DE CUATRO BARRAS PARA FALANGE PROXIMAL DE DEDO ANTROPOMÓRFICO

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Édgar Alfredo Portilla Flores

2010-01-01

Full Text Available En este artículo, se presenta el análisis cinemático y una metodología de diseño paramétrico de la falange proximal para un dedo antropomórfico1 de un grado de libertad. El diseño del mecanismo se lleva a cabo, tomando diez posiciones de la barra de salida del mismo. Se presenta la simulación dinámica, utilizando un modelo de CAD para comprobar la factibilidad de los resultados obtenidos por el mecanismo. Por último, se muestra el análisis comparativo entre los resultados de la cinemática obtenidos numéricamente y los experimentales.

Supersymmetric D2 anti-D2 Strings

OpenAIRE

Bak, Dongsu; Ohta, Nobuyoshi

2001-01-01

We consider the flat supersymmetric D2 and anti-D2 system, which follows from ordinary noncommutative D2 anti-D2 branes by turning on an appropriate worldvolume electric field describing dissolved fundamental strings. We study the strings stretched between D2 and anti-D2 branes and show explicitly that the would-be tachyonic states become massless. We compute the string spectrum and clarify the induced noncommutativity on the worldvolume. The results are compared with the matrix theory descri...

The Development of Materials for Application to Control Rod Systems in Graphite moderated Reactors; Mise au Point de Materiaux pour les Dispositifs de Controle a Barres, Utilbes dans les Reacteurs Ralentis au Graphite; Razrabotka materialov , primenyaemykh v sistemakh upravlyayushchikh sterzhnej v reaktorakh s grafitovym zamedlitelem; Perfeccionamiento de Materiales Aplicables a las Barras de Control en los Reactores Moderados por Grafito

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Wade, G. E.; Kempf, F. J. [Hanford Atomic Products Operation, General Electric Company, Richland, WA (United States)

1964-06-15

aux fins du controle parce qu'il est possible d'augmenter leur teneur en bore. L'experience acquise au cours d'essais et d'operations de fabrication ont montre que ces divers materiaux peuvent permettre de fabriquer toute une serie de modeles de barres possedant les caracteristiques voulues. A l 'interieur du reacteur, les canaux des barres exigent souvent un garnissage que protege le ralentisseur en graphite qu'ils traversent contre les effets des chocs au moment de l 'insertion des barres et contre l 'usure et contribue a maintenir l 'alignement. Pour ce garnissage, if faut des materiaux qui soient tres resistants, particulierement a l 'abrasion et aux chocs, qui possedent une faible section efficace et qu'on ne soit pas oblige de refroidir. Les auteurs ont donc procede a des essais sur du graphite pyrolytique, des composes de graphite pyrolytique, de l 'oxyde d'aluminium et du carbure de silicium. Les donnees concernant les dommages physiques et les dommages radioinduits indiquent que certains de ces materiaux conviennent pour le garnissage des canaux des barres. (author) [Spanish] Los problemas de materiales relacionados.con, los sistemas de barras de control y seguridad en los reactores moderados por grafito pueden clasificarse en dos categorias: los inherentes a los materiales de control y los de los materiales de revestimiento de los canales de trabajo. Los materiales de control, tales como el boro o el gadolinio, pueden estar incorporados a la camisa de la barra, como ocurre en el caso del acero inoxidable al boro que se usa para las barras de seguridad. Otra solucion consiste en encerrar en una camisa metalica un material sinterizado compacto que contenga boro, tal como el grafito con B{sub 4}C o el aluminio con B{sub 4}C. Las barras de este ultimo tipo se prestan para fines de control, porque admiten mayores' proporciones de boro. La experiencia adquirida en los ensayos y en la produccion indica que es posible diseflar una amplia serie de modelos de barras

Phytoindication potential of dune species through predictive modeling at Jatobá beach, Barra dos Coqueiros, Sergipe

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Sindiany Suelen Caduda Santos

2015-04-01

Full Text Available O artigo objetiva investigar espécies endêmicas de dunas capazes de indicar a situação ambiental da área de Barra dos Coqueiros cogitada para criação de uma Unidade de Conservação, Sergipe, a partir do potencial fitogeográfico revelado pela modelagem de distribuição de espécies. Por meio do software MAXENT foram analisadas sete espécies endêmicas de dunas incipientes e semifixas. Os potenciais distributivos estabeleceram que a R. maritima, por sua taxa de dispersão próxima de um, é importante para recuperação de áreas litorâneas. Todavia, a I. imperati, com taxa de predição próxima de zero  é a fitoindicadora de vulnerabilidade/fragilidade. A pesquisa aponta que novas ações planejadas precisam ser efetivadas para a real conservação da biodiversidade em Sergipe.

Analysis of sandflies (Diptera: Psychodidae) in Barra do Garças, State of Mato Grosso, Brazil, and the influence of environmental variables on the vector density of Lutzomyia longipalpis (Lutz & Neiva, 1912).

Science.gov (United States)

Queiroz, Mirian Francisca Martins; Varjão, Jane Ramos; Moraes, Sinara Cristina de; Salcedo, Gladys Elena

2012-06-01

Leishmaniasis is an infectious and parasitic zoonotic, non-contagious, vector-borne disease caused by protozoa of the genus Leishmania. In Brazil, the major vector of Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum chagasi (Cunha & Chagas, 1934) is Lutzomyia longipalpis. Barra do Garças, State of Mato Grosso, was designated as a priority area by the Brazilian Ministry of Health for american visceral leishmaniasis, and it is important to identify the vector species present in this municipality. Our objective was to raise sandflies and study the influence of environmental variables on the vector density of Lutzomyia longipalpis. We performed entomological monitoring in 3 districts using Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) light traps and recorded human cases of american visceral leishmaniasis in the city. We calculated the relative frequency and richness of sandflies and applied a transfer function model to the vector density correlate with relative humidity. The sandfly population was composed of 2 genera and 27 species, totaling 8,097 individuals. Monitoring identified Lutzomyia longipalpis (44%), followed by Lutzomyia lenti (18.9%), Lutzomyia whitmani (13.9%), Lutzomyia carmelinoi (9.1%), Lutzomyia evandroi (5.1%), Lutzomyia termitophila (3.3%), Lutzomyia sordellii (1.9%), and 20 other species (Lutzomyia longipalpis showed occurrence peaks during the rainy season; there was a temporal correlation with humidity, but not with frequency or temperature. The presence of Lutzomyia longipalpis in the urban area of Barra do Garças underscores the changing disease profile, which was previously restricted to the wild environment.

Aplicación del método de elementos naturales a problemas estructurales

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Libardo Andrés González Torres

2008-01-01

Full Text Available El objetivo del presente artículo se enmarca en la revisión de la teoría y la implementación numérica de uno de los métodos numéricos sin malla usados para la solución de problemas de tipo estructural, el método de los elementos naturales (MEN, junto con la contrastación de los resultados obtenidos para dos problemas estructurales elástico-lineales en dos dimensiones con la solución analítica exacta y la aproximada por el método de los elementos finitos (MEF. Se describe la técnica de interpolación usada por el MEN para obtener las funciones de forma y se presen-tan las características más importantes del método en su forma estándar. Se presentan los resultados de dos simula-ciones de problemas estructurales realizadas usando un código escrito en Matlab 6.5 para la solución de ecuacio-nes diferenciales de elasticidad lineal en dominios bidimensionales. Se concluye que el método de los elementos naturales es similar al de los elementos finitos en cuanto a estabilidad y convergencia, con la ventaja de que la ma-lla es generada automáticamente y la no dependencia de la solución aproximada con la distribución de la nube de puntos que define la geometría.

TEATRO DE ANÔNIMO: ELEMENTOS DO CIRCO-TEATRO TRADICIONAL NA CENA CONTEMPORÂNEA

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Paulo Merísio

2007-05-01

Full Text Available Recentemente, a partir da década de 1980, pôde-se presenciar o surgimento de diversas escolas de circo, que absorvem artistas de famílias tradicionais. A consolidação dessas escolas proporciona o acesso das técnicas circenses a jovens artistas em formação e a incorporação destes elementos contribui para o aparecimento na cena teatral de importantes grupos que têm o circo como referência em suas pesquisas. Este artigo visa colaborar na investigação do processo de reelaboração de aspectos do circo-teatro tradicional na atuação de importante grupo carioca: o Teatro de Anônimo.

O USO DE BARRA OU HALTERE NÃO ALTERA A ATIVAÇÃO MUSCULAR DURANTE O EXERCÍCIO PULLOVER

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Yuri de Almeida Costa Campos

Full Text Available RESUMO Introdução: Inúmeras variações de exercícios têm sido aplicadas nas rotinas de treinamento de força, com o objetivo de otimizar os ganhos de força e hipertrofia e, entre os exercícios usados, podemos destacar o pullover. Objetivo: Comparar a atividade eletromiográfica da parte clavicular do músculo peitoral maior (PMC, parte esternocostal do peitoral maior (PME, cabeça longa do tríceps braquial (TBL, do deltoide anterior (DA, deltoide posterior (DP, latíssimo do dorso (LD e serrátil anterior (SA entre os exercícios pullover barra (PB e pullover haltere (PH. Método: Participaram do estudo 11 homens treinados (idade, 24,50 ± 4,34 anos; percentual de gordura = 13,63 ± 1,94; estatura = 1,76 ± 0,04 m; massa corporal total = 73,12 ± 6,10 kg. A primeira fase do estudo consistiu em avaliações antropométricas e teste e re-teste de 10 repetições máximas (RM. A segunda fase do estudo foi composta pela coleta dos sinais eletromiográficos nos exercícios propostos. Para tal, foi realizada uma série com cargas ajustadas a 90% de 10 RM. Para verificar as diferenças na ativação dos respectivos músculos estudados entre os exercícios PB e PH adotou-se o teste t de Student pareado para amostras dependentes. Resultados: Não foram observadas mudanças na ativação de nenhum dos músculos analisados nos exercícios propostos (P > 0,05. Conclusão: Concluiu-se que a realização do exercício pullover com barra ou com o haltere não altera a participação/ativação dos músculos envolvidos.

Diseño de proceso para el desarrollo de barras energéticas como subproducto en la obtención de leche saborizada de soya

OpenAIRE

Gamboa Valarezo, Vannia; Costa, Ana Maria

2009-01-01

El grano de soya es ampliamente reconocido por su elevado contenido en nutrientes. Durante el proceso de elaboración de la leche de soya el okara o pulpa residual del proceso representó del 20 a 25 por ciento del desperdicio cuyo alto valor nutricional y energético fue aprovechado. En el presente trabajo se propuso aprovechar integralmente el grano de soya, dando valor agregado a la fase líquida donde se obtuvo leche saborizada de soya y, a partir del desperdicio se obtuvieron barras ene...

Conhecimento tradicional das marisqueiras de Barra Grande, área de proteção ambiental do delta do Rio Parnaíba, Piauí, Brasil

OpenAIRE

Freitas, Simone Tupinambá; Pamplin, Paulo Augusto Zaitune; Legat, Jefferson; Fogaça, Fabíola Helena dos Santos; Barros, Roseli Farias Melo de

2012-01-01

Na comunidade de Barra Grande localizada no litoral do Piauí, as mulheres dos pescadores, conhecidas localmente como marisqueiras, extraem do manguezal vários tipos de moluscos para comercialização e em maior escala para a subsistência. Dados sobre a atividade de mariscagem, conceitos de conservação e aspectos socioeconômicos do contexto em que ocorre a atividade de cata dos moluscos, foram revelados após a aplicação de protocolos estruturados e semiestruturados. O molusco bivalve Anomalocard...

Juan Emar, arquitecto de la prosa. Elementos de Poética y recepción

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Alejandro Canseco-Jerez

2016-04-01

Full Text Available El artículo expone (1 los primeros elementos para la interpretación del universo de representaciones estéticas, elementos que impidieron la difusión y la "recepción" en Chile de la obra literaria de Juan Emar; (2 aproximación de la Arqui-textura -Umbral- configuración de la transversabilidad semántica de la obra emariana; y (3 el principio de "dialogización" e intertextualidad y la noción de utopía literaria en torno al universo de Mallarmé y Borges.   The article describes (1 the primary elements for the interpretation of the universe of aesthetic representations, elements which prevented the diffusion and "reception" in Chile of Juan Emar's literary work; (2 the approximation of the archi-texture -Umbral- and the shape of the semantic transversability of the Emarian work; and (3 the beginning of "dialogation" and intertextuality and the notion of literary utopia in connection with the universe of Mallarme and Borges.

Pedogeoquímica em perfis de alteração na região de Lavras (MG. II - elementos menores e elementos das terras raras

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M. P. C. Lacerda

2002-03-01

Full Text Available Na região de Lavras, MG, analisou-se o comportamento geoquímico dos elementos menores (EM e elementos das terras raras (ETR ao longo da evolução pedogenética em perfis de solos com horizonteB textural, individualizados a partir de rochas de composição ácida, intermediária e básica do substrato. Nos perfis, realizaram-se análises químicas de EM e ETR, avaliando perdas e ganhos pelo balanço químico de massa. O estudo possibilitou o grupamento dos EM em duas classes: (amobilidade moderada a alta: perda da rocha fresca até o sólum; (bmobilidade moderada: enriquecimento relativo e eventualmente real no sólum. O comportamento dos ETR revelou grande mobilidade ao longo da evolução dos perfis de alteração.

De los dioses a los hombres: Un recorrido histórico del descubrimiento de los elementos químicos

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Pellón González, I.

2014-12-01

Full Text Available To achieve the apparently simple Periodic Table of the Elements has implied tremendous efforts over thousands of years. In this paper we present a brief history of the discovery of the chemical elements from prehistory to the present day, revealing the controversies that arose on the way and claiming the important work performed by alchemists in the advancement of knowledge. This is especially important if we consider that alchemy had a period of existence of many thousands of years, while the “Chemistry”, officially established as a science in the eighteenth century, has operated as such for only a few hundred years. Even so, if we consider the progress of discovery and isolation of chemical elements throughout history, it can be observed that the number of elements identified is achieved mainly in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, reflecting the development of instrumental techniques, that facilitated this task.Llegar hasta la aparentemente sencilla Tabla Periódica de los Elementos le ha costado a la humanidad enormes esfuerzos a lo largo de miles de años. En este trabajo se recorre la historia del descubrimiento de los elementos químicos desde la Prehistoria hasta nuestros días, reflejando las controversias que se suscitaron y reivindicando el importante trabajo que realizaron los alquimistas en el progreso de los conocimientos, ya que la alquimia tuvo un período de existencia de muchos miles de años, mientras que la “Química” oficialmente establecida como ciencia en el siglo XVIII consta de sólo unos cientos de años. Aún así, al realizar un balance de la progresión del descubrimiento y aislamiento de los elementos químicos a lo largo de la Historia se puede comprobar el elevado número de elementos identificados en los siglos XIX y XX, reflejo del perfeccionamiento de las técnicas instrumentales que facilitaron esta labor.

Elementos estruturais do pensamento crítico de enfermeiros atuantes em emergências

OpenAIRE

Crossetti, Maria da Graça Oliveira; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; Bittencourt, Greicy Kelly Gouveia Dias; Universidade Federal da Paraíba/PNPD.; Lima, Ana Amelia Antunes; Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre UFCSPA); Goés, Martha Georgina Oliveira de; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; Saurin, Gislaine; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul

2014-01-01

Objetivou-se neste estudo analisar os elementos estruturais do pensamento crítico (PC) do enfermeiro no processo de tomada de decisão clínica. Estudo exploratório, qualitativo, com 20 enfermeiros de emergências em três hospitais do sul do Brasil. A coleta de dados deu-se de abril a junho de 2009; aplicou-se um caso clínico validado, deste os enfermeiros listaram problemas de saúde, cuidados prescritos e ordenaram os elementos estruturais no PC. Na análise de conteúdo, desvelaram-se categorias...

Efecto del dopaje con elementos lantánidos sobre las propiedades ópticas, estructurales y fotocatalíticas de TiO2

OpenAIRE

Medina Sierra, Juan Carlos

2014-01-01

En este trabajo se realizó una revisión acerca de los efectos que tiene el proceso de dopado con diferentes elementos lantánidos sobre las propiedades ópticas, estructurales y fotocatalíticas del semiconductor de Dióxido de Titanio (TiO2). En el primer capítulo se presenta una revisión de los conceptos básicos del estado sólido iniciando con la estructura cristalina, principios de simetría y tipos de defectos. En el segundo capítulo se abordan en profundidad las propiedades cristalográficas ...

El análisis por elementos finitos: una metodología muy reciente en economía

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Escribano Ródenas, Miguel

2006-01-01

Full Text Available La técnica de análisis por elementos finitos (AEF consiste en dividir la geometría en la que se quiere resolver una ecuación diferencial de un campo escalar o vectorial en un dominio, en pequeños elementos, teniendo en cuenta unas ecuaciones de campo en cada elemento, los elementos del entorno de vecindad y las fuentes generadoras de campo en cada elemento. Habitualmente, esta técnica es muy utilizada en el ámbito de la ingeniería debido a que muchos problemas físicos de interés se formulan mediante la resolución de una ecuación diferencial en derivadas parciales, a partir de cuya solución es posible modelar dicho problema (transmisión del calor, electromagnetismo, cálculo de estructuras, etc. Esta técnica se encuentra automatizada en las herramientas software comerciales, llamadas herramientas de análisis por elementos finitos para problemas físicos tanto de propósito general, como aplicadas a problemas físicos particulares. Sin embargo, su aplicación es aún poco conocida en economía y a veces es incluso confundida con la discretización de las ecuaciones diferenciales, técnica que es mucho más utilizada en estudios económicos. No es habitual encontrar herramientas comerciales en que se automatice esta labor para problemas económicos. Esta comunicación presenta la técnica matemática del AEF y algunas ideas para su aplicación en la resolución de problemas de tipo económico.

el método de los elementos finitos

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Yamill Campos Pérez

2007-01-01

Full Text Available Se realiza el estudio de las tensiones internas que se generan en los acoplamientos cuadrados de hierro fundido para molinos de caña. Además, se obtienen las expresiones matemáticas para calcular las tensiones equivalentes, teniendo en cuenta la influencia de parámetros como: diámetro exterior del acoplamiento, dimensiones del agujero cuadrado, velocidad de rotación y potencia. Para la obtención de estas expresiones se empleó el método de elementos finitos (MEF. El análisis MEF se hizo a partir del cálculo estático lineal, utilizando para el programa de computación COSMOS/M, versión 2.6. Finalmente, se realizó una estandarización de los acoplamientos con el fin de reducir la variedad de éstos.

Sediment failures within the Peach Slide (Barra Fan, NE Atlantic Ocean) and relation to the history of the British-Irish Ice Sheet

Science.gov (United States)

Owen, Matthew J.; Maslin, Mark A.; Day, Simon J.; Long, David

2018-05-01

The Peach Slide is the largest known submarine mass movement on the British continental margin and is situated on the northern flank of the glacigenic Barra Fan. The Barra Fan is located on the northwest British continental margin and is subject to cyclonic ocean circulation, with distinct differences between the circulation during stadial and inter-stadial periods. The fan has experienced growth since continental uplift during the mid-Pliocene, with the majority of sediments deposited during the Pleistocene when the fan was a major depocentre for the British-Irish Ice Sheet (BIIS). Surface and shallow sub-surface morphology of the fan has been mapped using newly digitised archival paper pinger and deep towed boomer sub-bottom profile records, side scan sonar and multibeam echosounder data. This process has allowed the interpretation and mapping of a number of different seismic facies, including: contourites, hemipelagites and debrites. Development of a radiocarbon based age model for the seismic stratigraphy constrains the occurrence of two periods of slope failure: the first at circa 21 ka cal BP, shortly after the BIIS's maximum advance during the deglaciation of the Hebrides Ice Stream; and the second between 12 and 11 ka cal BP at the termination of the Younger Dryas stadial. Comparison with other mass movement events, which have similar geological and oceanographic settings, suggests that important roles are played by contouritic and glacigenic sedimentation, deposited in inter-stadial and stadial periods respectively when different thermohaline regimes and sediment sources dominate. The effect of this switch in sedimentation is to rapidly deposit thick, low permeability, glacigenic layers above contourite and hemipelagite units. This process potentially produced excess pore pressure in the fan sediments and would have increased the likelihood of sediment failure via reduced shear strength and potential liquefaction.

Juicios valorativos: elementos y proceso de formulación en la evaluación del aprendizaje

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Pasek de Pinto, Eva

2015-05-01

Full Text Available Este artículo es producto de una investigación cuyo objetivo consistió enanalizar los elementos de los juicios valorativos y el proceso de su formulación en la evaluación de los aprendizajes. Metodológicamente se trata de un estudio documental que se realizó en siete pasos: Formular preguntas iniciales, explorar bibliografía, enfocar teóricamente el problema, establecer el modelo de análisis, observar documentos, analizar e integrar la información y elaborar conclusiones. Como resultado se obtuvo: 1 la descripción de los tres elementos de un juicio: sujeto, cópula y predicado; 2 un proceso para formular juicios estimativos en cuatro pasos: comparar, interpretar, calificar y juzgar o valorar; 3 un proceso para formular juicios predictivos en tres pasos:buscar otras opiniones, analizar realizaciones pasadas y predecir logros futuros. Se concluye que el juicio es el momento álgido de la evaluación, pues evaluar es juzgar. En consecuencia, conocer los elementos que constituyen un juicio y el proceso para formular juicios valorativos es imprescindible para generar confianza en la elaboración de juicios correctos y adecuados para una acertada toma de decisiones, conduciendo un proceso de evaluación óptimo, pertinente, justo, cónsono con la políticas educativas establecidas

COORDINACIÓN DE LAS PROTECCIONES DE LA SUBESTACIÓN DE DISTRIBUCIÓN EN EL SISTEMA MILAGRO GUAYAS – LOS RÍOS

OpenAIRE

Quiroga Aguirre, Boris Adrian; Muñoz Cabello, Carlos Luis

2015-01-01

El presente trabajo desarrolla el estudio de la coordinación de protecciones aplicados a la subestación de distribución “MILAGRO SUR”, ubicada en el cantón Milagro. Partiendo primero desde la descripción de las instalaciones para conocer los elementos que la componen; posteriormente, se realiza un estudio de flujo de carga en condiciones de máxima y mínima carga y un estudio de cortocircuito de la subestación aplicados a la barra de 69kV y 13.8kV, esto nos servirá como datos preliminares para...

Coordinación de las protecciones de la subestación de distribución en la península de Santa Elena

OpenAIRE

Fernández Chicas, Robinson David; Espinel Encalada, José Leonidas; Aguilar Sánchez, Yasmani Leonardo; Saavedra Mera, Juan

2014-01-01

El presente trabajo desarrolla el estudio de la coordinación de protecciones aplicados a la subestación de distribución “SALINAS”, ubicada en la península de Santa Elena. Partiendo primero desde la descripción de las instalaciones, para conocer los elementos que la componen; posteriormente, se realiza un estudio de flujo de carga en condiciones de máxima y mínima carga y un estudio de cortocircuito de la subestación aplicados a la barra de 69kV y 13.8kV, esto nos servirá como datos preliminar...

Relación del peso máximo con la fuerza aplicada y la potencia producida en un test creciente, en el ejercicio de press de banca plano con barra libre, en levantadores

OpenAIRE

Naclerio Ayllón, Fernando; Jiménez Gutiérrez, Alfonso; Forte Fernández, Daniel; Benito Peinado, Pedro J.

2006-01-01

Se evaluaron 9 levantadores que realizaron 2 test, en el ejercicio de press de banca plano con barra libre. Un test progresivo con pesos ligeros a máximos (TPR), y el test de una máxima repetición (1 MRD). Se midió la fuerza (f), velocidad (v) y potencia (p) con cada peso movilizado, se determinó el máximo peso desplazado en una única repetición (1 MR). Se observaron correlaciones significativas entre el valor de la 1 MR obtenida en el test de 1 MRPr y el de 1 MRD, entre la potencia máxima (a...

Una aproximación a las modalidades y elementos de las ayudas públicas anticompetitivas

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Jesús Alfonso Soto Pineda

2017-01-01

Full Text Available La defensa de la libre competencia configura una de las herramientas más importantes en el entorno global y un elemento fundamental de la política económica, centrado en controlar las conductas capaces de restringir la competencia propiamente dicha y el acceso al mercado. Así, en entornos de gran relevancia económica, el control de ayudas públicas se ha instaurado como uno de los elementos fundamentales de esta política. Razón por la cual en el presente artículo se abordará la implementación de dicho control en entornos en los cuales aún no es una realidad. Para ello, se presentan dos criterios que determinan la legalidad o ilegalidad concurrencial de una ayuda pública, sus modalidades; y los elementos que deben converger en estos subsidios para que resulten anticompetitivos

Contabilización del cuarto elemento del costo

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Carlos Augusto Rincón Soto

2008-01-01

servicios de externalización deben ser asignados en un espacio exclusivo para ellos en la recopilación de los costos y para la contabilización, pues este no pertenece a ninguno de los tres elementos del costo* dados en los conceptos comunes en la mayoría de textos académicos de contabilidad de costos, siendo el uso de este dato importante explicitarlo en la contabilidad para análisis y toma de decisiones.

¿Hacia dónde va la ventaja competitiva?: Un modelo de gestión que incorpora a las personas como elemento clave de la estrategia empresarial

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Emilio García Vega

2009-06-01

Full Text Available El concepto de ventaja competitiva ha evolucionado de manera acelerada en los últimos años. Algunos académicos y ejecutivos sostienen que las personas son el elemento fundamental para la construcción de la misma. En esta línea, la gestión de las empresas ha mostrado una inclinación hacia el manejo de los recursos humanos –denominados también «talentos» – como elemento clave de su éxito organizacional. En este trayecto, las ideas, los paradigmas y las concepciones se han modificado de manera interesante. Este texto trata de plantear estas nuevas concepciones frente al reto de gestionar una organización, y propone un modelo de gestión basado en la importancia de las personas en la administración de la ventaja competitiva.

El Instituto Federal Electoral, un analisis de sus elementos democratizadores

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Saenz Lopez, K.

2004-01-01

Full Text Available El Instituto Federal Electoral ha sido poco estudiado en lo relativo a los aspectos endógenos de su actividad, en este análisis se proponen cinco elementos que se presumen son responsables de favorecer la transición a la democracia que México ha vivido desde 1990.

Teores de elementos minerais em algumas populações de Camu-Camu Content of mineral elements in some populations of camu-camu

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Lucia K.O Yuyama

2003-12-01

Full Text Available O camu-camu, caçari, ou araçá d'água (Myrciaria dubia (H.B.K McVaugh é um arbusto da família Myrtaceae, disperso em quase toda a Amazônia. É uma espécie tipicamente silvestre mas com grande potencial econômico e nutricional. Entretanto, no que se refere a elementos minerais, poucas informações são disponíveis na literatura. Considerando a essencialidade dessas informações na nutrição humana e objetivando contribuir na elaboração de uma Tabela de composição de alimentos a nível regional e nacional, determinou-se os elementos minerais em algumas populações de camu-camu, pela Técnica de Ativação com Nêutrons Instrumental. Verificou-se que em relação aos macro elementos minerais, nos frutos de camu-camu analisados, as maiores concentrações foram para potássio, com uma variação de (62,6±0,4 a 144,1±08 mg % e cálcio (9,5±0,3 a 10,6±0,5 mg%. A concentração de sódio nos frutos foi baixa (90,7±16,5 µg%. A população Uatumã-9 apresentou maiores concentrações de zinco (472,0±8,3µg%, molibdênio (6,2±0,6µg% e cromo (19,9±1,7 µg%, seguida da população Uatumã 24 em cobalto (2,4±0,03 mg%. Dessa forma, o consumo de camu-camu pode contribuir para atingir a ingestão adequada das recomendações de elementos minerais nos diferentes grupos populacionais da região Amazônica.Camu-camu, caçari, or araçá d'água (Myrciaria dubia (H.B.K. McVaugh is a shrub of the Myrtaceae family, dispersed through almost all the Amazonia. It is a typically wild species but with great economic and nutritional potential. However, few information on its mineral content is available in the literature. Considering the importance of these information for the human nutrition, and, objectiving to contribute in the elaboration of a Table of food composition the regional and national level, was determined the mineral elements in some populations of camu-camu, by neutron activation analysis. According to the results, the greater

Measurement of the hyperfine structure of the 4d2D3/2,5/2 levels and isotope shifts of the 4p2P3/2->4d2D3/2 and 4p2P3/2->4d2D5/2 transitions in gallium 69 and 71

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Rehse, Steven J.; Fairbank, William M.; Lee, Siu Au

2001-01-01

The hyperfine structure of the 4d 2 D 3/2,5/2 levels of 69,71 Ga is determined. The 4p 2 P 3/2 ->4d 2 D 3/2 (294.50-nm) and 4p 2 P 3/2 ->4d 2 D 5/2 (294.45-nm) transitions are studied by laser-induced fluorescence in an atomic Ga beam. The hyperfine A constant measured for the 4d 2 D 5/2 level is 77.3±0.9 MHz for 69 Ga and 97.9± 0.7 MHz for 71 Ga (3σ errors). The A constant measured for the 4d 2 D 3/2 level is -36.3±2.2 MHz for 69 Ga and -46.2±3.8 MHz for 71 Ga. These measurements correct sign errors in the previous determination of these constants. For 69 Ga the hyperfine B constants measured for the 4d 2 D 5/2 and the 4d 2 D 3/2 levels are 5.3±4.1 MHz and 4.6±4.2 MHz, respectively. The isotope shift is determined to be 114±8 MHz for the 4p 2 P 3/2 ->4d 2 D 3/2 transition and 115±7 MHz for the 4p 2 P 3/2 ->4d 2 D 5/2 transition. The lines of 71 Ga are shifted to the blue. This is in agreement with previous measurement. [copyright] 2001 Optical Society of America

POLUIÇÃO SONORA NA AVENIDA MINISTRO JOÃO ALBERTO NA CIDADE DE BARRA DO GARÇAS-MT

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Romário Rosa de Sousa

2017-03-01

Este estudio estaba destinado a examinar la cuestión del ruido ambiental en Ministro Avenida João Alberto, en la población de Barra do Garças - MT, y la recogida de datos para la evaluación acústica celebrada el 3 de febrero de 2015, de 07:00 a 19h00min, por un total de unos diarios de medición doce horas seguidas dentro de los límites de la ciudad. Los datos fueron obtenidos de forma simultánea y sin interrupción, para diagnosticar grandiosidades acústicas. Como resultado, se ha dado cuenta de que el vehículo de motor camión de remolque tenía el nivel de ruido más alto, registrando aproximadamente 98,0 decibelios, seguida, por este orden, los siguientes vehículos de motor: camiones de remolques, autobuses, motocicletas, automóviles de pasajeros y camiones, este último se presenta como la fuente de emisión más baja de ruido, con un registro aproximado de 89,0 decibelios. Se encontró que las cifras confirman los niveles acústicos registrados en la observación diaria superaron el nivel permitido por la ley. Por lo tanto, los niveles de presión sonora identificados en los puntos de recogida de datos, ya que son todos por encima de los valores tolerables, generan riesgo de pérdida de audición de trabajadores que operan y permanecen en esos lugares. Palabras-clave: Ruido Ambiental; Decibeles dB(A; El Diagnóstico; La Contaminación Acústica.

The Cementation of Boron to Steels by the Method of Electrolytic Deposition; Cementation Electrolytique d'Aciers par le Bore; Tsementirovanie bora v stali putem ehlektroliticheskogo osazhdeniya; Cementacion de Aceros con Boro por Deposito Electrolitico

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kawakami, M. [Tokyo Institute of Technology (Japan)

1964-06-15

This report describes a fabricating method for cementation of a control rod with boron. The cementing is carried out by electrolysis of fused borax at about 900 Degree-Sign C, the steel rod to be cemented acting as a cathode, and the graphite electrode as an anode. As the electrolysis progresses, boron is deposited on/the steel rod and diffused into it. When suitable conditions of electrolysis exist, a case of the steel rod with as much as 20% boron content can easily be obtained. The kinds of steel investigated were carbon steel, stainless steels, high chrome steel etc., and each of them showed good results. (author) [French] L'auteur expose une methode de fabrication d'une barre de commande en acier cemente par le bore. La cementation est effectuee par l'electrolyse de borax fondu a environ 900 Degree-Sign C, la barre d'acier a cementer formant cathode et une electrode en graphite constituant l'anode. Au cours du processus d 'electrolyse, le bore se depose sur la barre d'acier et est diffuse dans le metal. Lorsque l'electrolyse s'effectue dans les conditions requises, on peut obtenir facilement une barre d'acier dont la teneur en bore atteint jusqu'a 20%. Les recherches ont porte sur des aciers tels que les aciers au carbone ordinaires, les aciers inoxydables, les aciers refractaires au chrome, etc. et on a obtenu de bons resultats pour chacun de ces aciers. (author) [Spanish] La memoria describe un metodo de obtencion de barras de control cementadas con boro. La cementacion se efectua por electrolisis de borax fundido a unos 900 Degree-Sign C. Como catodo se emplea la barra de acero que se desea cementar y como anodo, un electrodo de grafito. Conforme progresa la electrolisis, el boro se deposita sobre la barra de acero y penetra en la misma por difusion. Si las condiciones en que se efectua la electrolisis son adecuadas, se logra facilmente la cementacion de la barra de acero, que alcanza un contenido de hasta 20% de boro. Entre los aceros investigados, figuran

High visceral leishmaniasis mortality rate in Barra Mansa, a new area of visceral leishmaniasis transmission in the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

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Maria Inês Fernandes Pimentel

2014-07-01

Full Text Available Introduction Nine cases of visceral leishmaniasis occurred recently in Barra Mansa, State of Rio de Janeiro, with a high mortality rate. Methods We reviewed the medical records of the patients. Results Eight were male; 7 were adults. Patients who died progressed to death quickly and presented with aggravating factors: systemic steroid therapy before diagnosis, bleeding, severe liver involvement, infection, and/or refusal to receive transfusion. Conclusions We warn clinicians to be aware of the emergence of visceral leishmaniasis in new areas and to keep in mind the possibility of atypical clinical pictures and aggravating factors, so timely diagnosis can be made and prompt and adequate treatment can be initiated.

Estudo comparativo entre elementos meteorológicos monitorados por estações convencional e automática na região de Maringá, Estado do Paraná - DOI: 10.4025/actascitechnol.v25i2.2220

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Ivonete de Almeida Souza

2003-04-01

Full Text Available Efetuou-se, neste trabalho, um estudo comparativo entre os seguintes elementos meteorológicos: temperatura do ar máxima (Tmax, mínima (Tmin e média (Tmed, umidade relativa do ar média (URmed e pressão atmosférica média (Patm, obtidos em uma Estação Meteorológica Convencional (EMC e em uma Estação Meteorológica Automática (EMA, em Maringá, Estado do Paraná, no período de 01/03/99 a 31/12/2001. Os dados entre as respectivas estações foram comparados através do coeficiente de determinação (R2, do índice de concordância de Willmott (d e por meio do erro ( associado ao coeficiente angular da reta de regressão. Após a análise dos dados, concluiu-se que os elementos meteorológicos Tmax, Tmed, Tmin e URmed apresentaram significativa concordância entre os dados observados na EMC e na EMA. Os valores da URmed obtidos pelo sensor eletrônico da EMA foram 2% maiores que os mesmos obtidos pelo sensor da EMC, estando esse erro dentro da faixa de precisão dos sensores. Apesar dos baixos erros, os dados de Patm apresentaram diferenças significativas, contudo essa defasagem numérica deve-se à diferença de altitude (28m das localidades onde se situam a EMC e a EMA.

Aplicación del análisis 3D de elementos finitos en el estudio biomecánico de la dentición de mamíferos. Análisis preliminar en Procervulus ginsburgi (Cervidae, Artiodactyla

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Morales, J.

2006-12-01

Full Text Available The combination of complex structures and diverse materials, restricts our knowledge of the biomechanics of teeth. In this sense, finite element analysis (FEA is a method used in engineering and biomechanical studies to estimate the performance and changes produced by regimes of stress and strain in mechanic structures or the human skeleton, as well as in soft tissues. On only rare occasions it is applied to the problem of biomechanical design in animals and even less in fossil groups. In this work, we advance the preliminary results obtained on creating a complete complex 3D finite element model of the tooth of an extinct deer in order to test its functionality and mechanical properties.La combinación de las complejas estructuras y de los diversos materiales que integran los dientes, restringe nuestro conocimiento acerca de su biomecánica. En este sentido, el análisis de elementos finitos (AEF es un método utilizado en ingeniería y en estudios biomecánicos para estimar el rendimiento y las variaciones producidas por las tensiones y las deformaciones en estructuras mecánicas o del esqueleto humano, así como en tejidos blandos. En contadas ocasiones se ha aplicado este método al problema de diseño biomecánico de animales y aún menos en grupos fósiles. En este trabajo presentamos los resultados preliminares obtenidos al generar un completo y complejo modelo en 3D de elementos finitos del molar superior de un ciervo extinto para estudiar su funcionalidad y propiedades mecánicas.

económica. Algunos elementos de análisis para precisar los conceptos

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Luis Antonio Cruz Soto

2002-01-01

Full Text Available El presente artículo responde a una serie de inquietudes del autor con respecto al carácter conceptual del neoliberalismo y su relación con la globalización económica. Para ello se ofrecen algunos elementos de estudio para distinguir el significado de la democracia liberal y el liberalismo económico. Posteriormente, se exponen los principales principios del liberalismo económico clásico y una breve semblanza histórica de éste, así como una enunciación de los elementos que originaron el surgimiento del neoliberalismo económico. Finalmente, se define el carácter global del neoliberalismo en el contexto de la globalización económica

ANÁLISE PARAMÉTRICA DO COMPORTAMENTO DE ELEMENTOS DE MEMBRANA APLICADA A ESTRUTURAS DE CONCRETO ARMADO VIA CONFIABILIDADE ESTRUTURAL

OpenAIRE

G. O. Porto, Naiara; C. Pantoja, João; A. de Souza, Rafael

2017-01-01

 Abstract. A importância do conhecimento do nível de segurança de uma estrutura é crucial para a realização de um bom projeto estrutural. Este artigo tem como objetivo fazer uma análise paramétrica em elementos de membrana de estruturas de concreto armado via confiabilidade estrutural. Para obtenção do nível de segurança do elemento de membrana o método de simulação de Monte Carlo foi utilizado. Uma variação determinística nos carregamentos aplicados sobre o elemento de membrana é feita e a c...

Ocupação Urbana de Rio das Ostras: Elementos Definidores e os Impactos nos Recursos Hídricos

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Maria Laura Monnerat Gomes

2010-11-01

Full Text Available Na década de 1950, o território de Rio das Ostras começou a ser dividido em loteamentos, voltados principalmente para o turismo. A partir da década de 1990, ocorre o grande impulso demográfico para a região, principalmente devido à descoberta de petróleo na Bacia de Campos e a instalação da Petrobras em Macaé. A ocupação humana desordenada, sem planejamento e obediência às legislações ambiental e urbana, aliada à apropriação não sustentável dos recursos naturais, leva ao esgotamento dos ecossistemas naturais existentes. Este artigo aborda os elementos definidores da ocupação urbana e os impactos na bacia do rio das Ostras.

24,25,28-Trihydroxyvitamin D2 and 24,25,26-trihydroxyvitamin D2: Novel metabolites of vitamin D2

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Reddy, G.S.; Tserng, K.

1990-01-01

Understanding of the inactivation pathways of 25-hydroxyvitamin D 2 and 24-hydroxyvitamin D 2 , the two physiologically significant monohydroxylated metabolites of vitamin D 2 , is of importance, especially during hypervitaminosis D 2 . At present, little information is available regarding the inactivation pathway of 25-hydroxyvitamin D 2 except its further metabolism into 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D 2 . In our present study, the authors investigated the metabolic fate of 25-hydroxyvitamin D 2 in the isolated perfused rat kidney and demonstrated its conversion not only into 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D 2 but also into two other new metabolites, namely, 24,25,28-trihydroxyvitamin D 2 and 24,25,26-trihydroxyvitamin D 2 . The structure identification of the new metabolites was established by the techniques of ultraviolet absorption spectrophotometry and mass spectrometry and by the characteristic nature of each new metabolite's susceptibility to sodium metaperiodate oxidation. In order to demonstrate the physiological significance of the two new trihydroxy metabolites of vitamin D 2 , induced hypervitaminosis D 2 in a rat using [3α- 3 H]vitamin D 2 and analyzed its plasma for the various [3α- 3 H]vitamin D 2 metabolites on two different high-pressure liquid chromatography systems. The results indicate that both 24,25,26-trihydroxyvitamin D 2 and 24,25,26-trihydroxyvitamin D 2 circulate in the vitamin D 2 intoxicated rat in significant amounts along with other previously identified monohydroxy and dihydroxy metabolites of vitamin D 2 , namely, 24-hydroxyvitamin D 2 , 25-hydroxyvitamin D 2 , and 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D 2

Uniformidade de deposição da calda de pulverização de herbicidas em barra lateral protegida com diferentes combinações de pontas de pulverização Herbicide spray deposition uniformity from a protected lateral spray boom with different spray tip combinations

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A.C. Furlanetti

2001-12-01

Full Text Available O presente trabalho objetivou estudar a uniformidade de distribuição da calda de pulverização contendo herbicidas, em culturas perenes arbustivas, utilizando combinações de pontas de pulverização em barra lateral protegida, conduzida a pequena distância do alvo, na linha de culturas perenes arbustivas. Para isso, foi desenvolvido um programa computacional que permite simular a sobreposição do leque de pulverização, da porção protegida da barra e do leque formado pela ponta de pulverização do bico mais extremo da barra, de modo diferente dos demais programas. Após a seleção das melhores combinações de pontas de pulverização por meio de simulação dos padrões de deposição da pulverização das pontas individuais e dos coeficientes de variação menores que 10%, algumas dessas combinações foram testadas em campo, aplicando-se um herbicida sistêmico (glyphosate e outro com ação de contato (paraquat. Os resultados indicaram que o programa computacional desenvolvido pode constituir-se em um auxiliar valioso para a seleção das melhores combinações de pontas de pulverização. Em aplicações tanto do herbicida glyphosate quanto do paraquat, com volumes de calda mais reduzidos,abaixo de 100 L ha-1, destacaram-se como arranjos mais eficientes: a pontas TT110015 distanciadas de 52,5 cm entre si, combinadas com a ponta TK-0,5 na extremidade da barra a 50 cm do último bico, operando na velocidade de 5 km h-1 e pressão de 103 kPa (15 lbf pol-2, com distância de caminhamento do tronco da árvore de 20 cm ; b pontas SMCE2 distanciadas de 15 cm entre si, combinadas com a ponta TK-0,5 na extremidade da barra de 20 cm do último bico, operando na velocidade de 4 km h-1 e pressão de 414 kPa (60 lbf pol-2, com distância de caminhamento do tronco da árvore de 30 cm ; e c pontas TLX-2 distanciadas de 15 cm entre si, combinadas com a ponta TK-0,5 na extremidade da barra de 20 cm do último bico, operando à velocidade de 5 km

Coordinación de las protecciones de la subestación de distribución en el sistema Durán norte

OpenAIRE

Tinoco Tinoco, Misael Patricio; Sanchez Yela, Darwin Horacio

2016-01-01

El presente trabajo desarrolla el estudio de la coordinación de protecciones aplicados a la subestación de distribución “DURÁN NORTE”, ubicada en el cantón Durán en la parte norte de la cuidad del mismo nombre. Partiendo primero desde la descripción de las instalaciones, para conocer los elementos que la componen; posteriormente, se realiza un estudio de flujo de carga en condiciones de máxima y mínima carga y un estudio de cortocircuito de la subestación aplicados a la barra de 69kV y 13.8kV...

[Species and size composition of fishes in Barra de Navidad lagoon, Mexican central Pacific].

Science.gov (United States)

González-Sansón, Gaspar; Aguilar-Betancourt, Consuelo; Kosonoy-Aceves, Daniel; Lucano-Ramírez, Gabriela; Ruiz-Ramírez, Salvador; Flores-Ortega, Juan Ramón; Hinojosa-Larios, Angel; de Asís Silva-Bátiz, Francisco

2014-03-01

Coastal lagoons are considered important nursery areas for many coastal fishes. Barra de Navidad coastal lagoon (3.76km2) is important for local economy as it supports tourism development and artisanal fisheries. However, the role of this lagoon in the dynamics of coastal fish populations is scarcely known. Thus, the objectives of this research were: to characterize the water of the lagoon and related weather conditions, to develop a systematic list of the ichthyofauna, and to estimate the proportion of juveniles in the total number of individuals captured of most abundant species. Water and fish samples were collected between March 2011 and February 2012. Physical and chemical variables were measured in rainy and dry seasons. Several fishing gears were used including a cast net, beach purse seine and gillnets of four different mesh sizes. Our results showed that the lagoon is most of the time euhaline (salinity 30-40ups), although it can be mixopolyhaline (salinity 18-30ups) during short periods. Chlorophyll and nutrients concentrations suggested eutrophication in the lagoon. Mean water temperature changed seasonally from 24.9 degrees C (April, high tide) to 31.4 degrees C (October, low tide). Considering ichthyofauna species, a total of 36 448 individuals of 92 species were collected, 31 of them adding up to 95% of the total of individuals caught. Dominant species were Anchoa spp. (44.6%), Diapterus peruvianus (10.5%), Eucinostomus currani (8.1%), Cetengraulis mysticetus (7.8%), Mugil curema (5.2%) and Opisthonema libertate (4.5%). The lagoon is an important juvenile habitat for 22 of the 31 most abundant species. These included several species of commercial importance such as snappers (Lutjanus argentiventris, L. colorado and L. novemfasciatus), snook (Centropomus nigrescens) and white mullet (Mugil curema). Other four species seem to use the lagoon mainly as adults. This paper is the first contribution on the composition of estuarine ichthyofauna in Jalisco

ON SOFT D2-ALGEBRA AND SOFT D2-IDEALS

OpenAIRE

S. Subramanian; S. Seethalaksmi

2018-01-01

In this paper, we have studied some characterization of soft D2-algebra, kernel, intersection, image, quotient D2-algebra’s and relations ship between D2-algebra and D2-ideals with suitable examples.

Niveles de impulsividad y riesgo de alcoholismo en personas pertenecientes a barras bravas en la ciudad de Ibagué - Colombia

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

José Alonso Andrade Salazar

2014-01-01

Full Text Available El objetivo de este trabajo es determinar la relación entre niveles de impulsividad y riesgo de alcoholismo en adultos pertenecientes a “barras bravas” en la ciudad de Ibagué (Tolima a partir de la aplicación del test de CAGE, la Escala de Impulsividad de Plutchik (EI y una ficha de caracterización sociodemográfica. Se utilizó un modelo correlacional de corte transversal. Los hallazgos evidencian niveles bajos (78% y promedios de impulsividad (20%. El 28% no presenta problemas relacionados con el alcohol, mientras que el 36% tiene indicios de consumo y el restante 36% dependencia alcohólica. Se hallaron correlaciones bajas entre las puntuaciones, la correlación significativa fue de tipo directamente proporcional entre edad y riesgo de alcoholismo (r= 0,287; p= 0.43, lo que indica que a mayor edad mayor es el riesgo de alcoholismo.

Otimização conjunta de gráficos de X-barra - S ou X-barra - R: um procedimento de fácil implementação Joint optimization of X-bar - S or X-bar - R charts: an easily implemented procedure

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Eugenio K. Epprecht

2007-12-01

Full Text Available Este trabalho desenvolve um modelo para escolha ótima dos parâmetros de operação de gráficos de X-barra e R (ou de X-barra e S que minimiza a razão entre o custo de amostragem e a rapidez de detecção de desvios na média ou aumentos na dispersão do processo. Admitem-se três formas alternativas para o problema: minimizar os tempos médios de sinalização sob uma restrição ao custo de amostragem; minimizar esse custo sob uma restrição aos tempos de sinalização; e o problema multiobjetivo de minimizar o custo e os tempos de sinalização. Restrições adicionais são permitidas, para tratar de variantes do problema encontráveis na prática. O procedimento evita a complexidade dos modelos de projeto econômico usuais. São detalhados métodos para determinação dos poucos parâmetros de especificação e entrada exigidos pelo modelo. Um exemplo mostra que o procedimento é de fácil aplicação. Tudo isto aumenta sua aplicabilidade para um grande espectro de situações práticas típicas.A model is developed for optimum choice of the operation parameters for X-bar - R (or X-bar - S charts, which minimizes the ratio of sampling costs to detection speed of shifts in the process mean or increases in the process dispersion. Three alternative problem formulations are allowed: minimization of the average time to signal subject to a sampling cost constraint; minimization of the sampling cost subject to a constraint on the average times to signal; and multi-objective optimization of both the average time to signal and the sampling cost. Through optional additional constraints, several practical variants of the problem are admitted. The procedure avoids the complexity of usual economic design models, and methods for determining the values for the few input and specification parameters required are given in detail. An example shows that the procedure is easy to apply. All these features increase its applicability for a wide range of

Avaliação fotoelástica de tensões transmitidas por próteses protocolos com barras confeccionadas em diferentes materiais e técnicas

OpenAIRE

Danilo Zaparolli

2014-01-01

Com o avanço da implantodontia e da estética, novos materiais estão sendo utilizados para substituir partes metálicas de próteses. Este estudo teve como objetivo comparar as tensões geradas por próteses implantossuportadas totais de mandíbula em função da variação do material utilizado nas barras e do modo de confecção, através de análise fotoelástica qualitativa. Em um modelo mestre simulando a curvatura da mandíbula foram posicionados 4 implantes de conexão locking taper. A partir deste pla...

Modelo no lineal en elementos finitos para muros livianos con entramados de acero sujetos a carga lateral

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Carlos Andrés Gaviria M.

2013-01-01

Full Text Available En este artículo se presentan los resultados de una investigación que tuvo como propósito modelar con elementos finitos el comportamiento a cargas laterales de los muros livianos compuestos de un entramado típico de acero para diferentes materiales de revestimiento. Se inició con la recopilación de información de ensayos de caracterización en los elementos del muro y las conexiones entre estos, a partir de esta información y la investigación realizada por [1] se construyó un modelo de elementos finitos que considera el comportamiento no lineal de las conexiones entre los elementos. Este modelo fue ajustado con la información de los ensayos ante carga lateral realizados en probetas a escala real para cinco configuraciones de revestimiento. En este proceso se encontraron grandes diferencias entre los parámetros del modelo ajustado y los iniciales que son atribuidas a la interacción entre los componentes del muro liviano. La validación del modelo se realizó prediciendo los resultados experimentales de una nueva configuración en la cual se combinan varios materiales, obteniendo un error del 6.9%. Este resultado indica una buena capacidad de predicción del modelo para otras posibles configuraciones de revestimiento.

Elementos da representação social da AIDS agrupados em dimensões: uma técnica estrutural

OpenAIRE

Natividade,Jean Carlos; Camargo,Brígido Vizeu

2012-01-01

Este estudo demonstra a possibilidade de caracterização da estrutura da representação social da Aids através do grau de valorização simbólica de elementos. Essa técnica fornece dados intervalares sobre a importância atribuída aos elementos da representação social e possibilita o cálculo de correlações entre eles.

Caracterização de Staphylococcus aureus isolados da barra de mão de carrinhos e alças de cestas de supermercados

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Daiane Buzzatto Oliveira

2016-07-01

Full Text Available Staphylococcus aureus é um dos agentes patogênicos mais notórios, sendo responsável por 45% das toxinfecções em todo o mundo. Um dos grandes problemas atuais é o desenvolvimento de cepas resistentes a antibióticos. Considerando a importância da disseminação desses micro-organismos na comunidade, o presente trabalho teve por objetivo determinar a presença de Staphylococcus aureus na barra de mão dos carrinhos e alças de cestas de supermercados da cidade de Campo Mourão - PR, e caracterizar a susceptibilidade dos isolados à oxacilina. Foram analisadas 120 amostras, sendo 60 coletadas das barras de mão de carrinhos e 60 coletadas das alças de cestas. Esse micro-organismo foi isolado em 75 amostras (62,5%, sendo que, desse total, 35 amostras (46,7% foram isoladas de carrinhos e 40 (53,3% de cestas de compras. As amostras positivas para Staphylococcus aureus foram submetidas aos testes de susceptibilidade, pelo método de disco-difusão, à oxacilina (cefoxitina e todas as amostras foram consideradas sensíveis a essa droga. Constatou que as barras de mãos e as alças de cestas de supermercados, podem ser consideradas como fômites, na disseminação de Staphylococcus aureus, sendo de extrema importância a higienização desses objetos, a fim de diminuir os riscos de contaminação na comunidade.Palavras-chave: Staphylococcus aureus. Contaminação. Superfícies. Oxacilina. ABSTRACTCharacterization of Staphylococcus aureus Isolated of shopping carts hand bars and handles of handheld shopping baskets in supermarketsStaphylococcus aureus is one of the most notorious pathogens, accounting for 45% of intoxications worldwide. One of the major problems today is the development of antibiotic-resistant strains. Considering the importance of dissemination of these micro- organisms in the community, this study aimed to determine the presence of Staphylococcus aureus in shopping carts hand bars and handles of handheld shopping baskets in

Influencia del portainjerto “Terrano” sobre la acumulación de elementos orgánicos y calidad de pimiento morrón

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Maria Antonia Flores Cordova

2018-05-01

Full Text Available El pimiento morrón es muy susceptible a Phytophthora capsici, por lo que, el uso de portainjertos puede ayudar a reducir la incidencia de enfermedades que afectan la raíz e incrementar y mejorar la calidad del fruto y su composición química. El objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar el efecto del portainjerto comercial “Terrano” sobre la calidad y la acumulación de elementos orgánicos en la hoja, pedúnculo y pulpa de pimiento morrón (Capsicum annuum L.. El trabajo se estableció en un sistema de malla sombra en Delicias, Chihuahua, México, durante el ciclo de producción 2012, con un diseño experimental factorial 2x2, en un diseño de bloques completos al azar, en donde el factor a fue la variedad: Fascinato y Janette, mientras que, el factor b fue el uso del portainjerto “Terrano” (con y sin injerto, dando cuatro tratamientos: Fascinato/Terrano, Fascinato/sin injertar, Janette/Terrano y Janette/sin Injertar. Se evaluó la acumulación de elementos orgánicos: nitrógeno (N, azufre (S, hidrógeno (H, carbono (C, proteínas, así como, la calidad del pimiento morrón (firmeza, color y peso. Se presentaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas por efecto del portainjerto sobre las variedades estudiadas, este incrementó la acumulación de elementos orgánicos: N, S, y proteína en hoja y pulpa de la variedad Janette, además, incrementó el peso del fruto. El uso del portainjerto “Terrano” podría ser una técnica viable para mejorar la acumulación de elementos orgánicos y calidad del pimiento morrón en las variedades Fascinato y Janette.

Evidenciação de elementos do capital intelectual nos relatórios da administração de companhias brasileiras pertencentes ao nível 2 de governança corporativa.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Bernardo Bertolucci de Holanda Arruda

2009-05-01

Full Text Available Considerando a necessidade dos investidores de informações que evidenciem o potencial de geração de benefícios futuros, em um ambiente de transformações tecnológicas e negociais, evidenciar elementos do capital intelectual pode se constituir um fator de atratividade de capitais para a empresa. Desse modo, este trabalho tem como objetivo identificar a existência dos elementos do capital intelectual nos Relatórios de Administração das companhias listadas no Nível 2 de governança corporativa, cuja evidenciação teve início no ano de 2000. Para tanto, foi realizada, inicialmente, uma pesquisa bibliográfica que embasou o processo de coleta de informações contidas nos Relatórios da Administração das empresas objeto de estudo, utilizando a técnica análise de conteúdo. Observou-se que estas empresas não só têm evidenciado elementos do capital intelectual, como também estão se esforçando para ampliá-los de forma quantitativa – não financeira e financeira. Ou seja, há uma preocupação dos gestores em transparecê-las cada vez mais ao mercado de capitais, propiciando vantagens e benefícios para as companhias que serão valorizadas e para os investidores que tomarão decisões mais acertadas no futuro.

Modelado del Ensayo ILTS mediante Modelos de Elementos Finitos

OpenAIRE

Rus Gelo, Leyre

2015-01-01

La finalidad de este proyecto consiste en modelar el comportamiento que presenta una viga de material compuesto en L , sometida a flexión en cuatro puntos , siguiendo la normativa AITM1 - 0069 creada por Airbus. Con el objetivo de poderlo comparar con los ensayos experimentales y con otros modelos numéricos y analíticos. Para ello se realizan diferentes ensayos virtuales haciendo uso de la herramienta Patran - Nastran, empleando el Método de los Elementos Finitos. A partir de de los datos pr ...

Substituent Effects and Bonding Characteristics in o- Benzoquinonediiminebis(bipyrdine) Ruthenium(II) Complexes

Science.gov (United States)

1992-10-23

C.; Dei, A.; Gatteschi , D.; Pardi, L Inorg. Chem. 1989, 2L 1476; (b) Benel, C.; Dei, A.; Gatteschi , D.; Ckdel, H. U.; Pardi, L Inorg. Ckem. 1989, 28...3091; (c) Benelli, C.; Dei, A.; Gatteschi , D.; Pardi, L Inorg.Chem. 1990,2& 3409. 16. Bruni, S.; Cariati, F.; Dei, A.; Gatteschi , D. Inog Cbim. Ata...1991, 186 157. 17. Dei, A.; Gatteschi , D.; Pardi, L; Barra, A. L; Brunel, L C. Chem, Py. Lett.. 1990, 175. 589; Dei, A.; Pardi, L Inorg, Chim.Acta

El Método de los Elementos Finitos en problemas electromagnéticos: planteamiento y aplicaciones

OpenAIRE

Sarrate Ramos, Josep; Clarisó, Ramon

2001-01-01

En el presente trabajo se analizan y comparan diferentes alternativas para resolver mediante el Método de los Elementos Finitos (MEF) problemas electromagnéticos. Asimismo, se repasan diversos conceptos físicos a fin de justificar los posteriores desarrollos numéricos. Las formulaciones para la resolución de dichos problemas se clasifican en dos grandes grupos: 1. formulaciones basadas en potenciales escalares y/o vectoriales y 2. formulaciones basadas en la resolución de las ecua...

Evaluación del efecto de fertilización, aplicación de estiércol y absorción de elementos en el rendimiento de la secuencia papa-kiwicha, evaluado mediante la técnica del elemento faltante

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Edgardo Alaluna G.

2014-06-01

Full Text Available El presente trabajo evalúa el efecto de la fertilización al suelo, incorporación de estiércol y fertilización foliar de los elementos N, P, K, Mg, Fe, Mn y Zn, los cuales fueron evaluados mediante la técnica del elemento faltante. El experimento se condujo en un suelo de textura tipo arena de la Costa central del Perú y se usaron como plantas indicadoras los cultivos de papa y kiwicha, este último para evaluar el efecto residual de cada uno de los tratamientos. La fertilización al suelo para cada elemento en mg kg,l fue de 200 =N, PP5 Y K20; 50 =MgO Y Fe; 25 = Mn y Zn. Se utilizó el diseño completo al azar con arreglo factorial, con tres repeticiones y conducido en macetas de 4 kg de suelo. La evaluación consistió en medir el rendimiento de materia seca total y absorción total de nutrientes analizados en los tejidos de la papa y kiwicha. Con la incorporación de 25 l/ha estiércol es posible suplir los requerimientos nutricionales de los elementos Fe, Mn y Zn para el cultivo de la papa; así mismo, mediante este procedimiento se puedo suplir parcialmente los requerimientos de K y Mg Y de manera muy limitada los de P y N. En la kiwicha el tratamiento completo mostró ligera depresión en su rendimiento comparado con las ausencias de Mg, K, Mn y P, pues estos elementos fueron favorecidos por la mineralización del estiércol adicionado al cultivo anterior. Así mismo, el efecto residual del estiércol favoreció la disponibilidad del N, P Y K, los cuales incrementaron la producción en 1025%, 42% Y 13% con relación a los tratamientos sin estiércol, y mostró efecto negativo frente a las ausencias de Mn, Fe y Zn debido a la quelación de estos con la materia orgánica. La fertilización foliar sólo mostró efecto positivo en los tratamientos con buen balance nutricional a nivel del suelo como en los casos del completo, testigo y en ausencia de elementos menores. En los tratamientos con estiércol se observó efecto positivo

Elementos de la psicopatología social de los colombianos

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Ismael Roldan

1994-01-01

Las primeras causas de la morbi-mortalidad nacional se deben a factores como la violencia, el trauma y los accidentes, asociadas con la pérdida o menoscabo de la salud mental y el consumo de sustancias, especialmente el alcohol.  Tomando como punto de partida y desarrollo la violencia intrafamiliar, se pretende abrir la discusión sobre algunos elementos que constituyen y explican la presencia de la agresión intrafamiliar.

From 2D to 3D turbulence through 2D3C configurations

Science.gov (United States)

Buzzicotti, Michele; Biferale, Luca; Linkmann, Moritz

2017-11-01

We study analytically and numerically the geometry of the nonlinear interactions and the resulting energy transfer directions of 2D3C flows. Through a set of suitably designed Direct Numerical Simulations we also study the coupling between several 2D3C flows, where we explore the transition between 2D and fully 3D turbulence. In particular, we find that the coupling of three 2D3C flows on mutually orthogonal planes subject to small-scale forcing leads to a stationary 3D out-of-equilibrium dynamics at the energy containing scales where the inverse cascade is directly balanced by a forward cascade carried by a different subsets of interactions. ERC AdG Grant No 339032 NewTURB.

Euler: programa didáctico de elementos finitos

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Dorian Luis Linero Segrera

2000-07-01

Full Text Available Este artículo muestra las características del programa Euler como herramienta para el aprendizaje del método de los elementos finitos, con énfasis en el análisis estructural. Euler puede resolver entre otros los siguientes problemas: análisis matricial estático de armaduras y pórticos planos, análisis de estabilidad, evaluación de frecuencias y modos de vibración en pórticos planos, deformaciones en vigas y en elementos sometidos a fuerza axial y otros problemas controlados por la ecuación diferencial de campo unidimensional indicada en este artículo. Además, se pueden solucionar problemas de torsión en secciones no circulares, flujo potencial, transferencia de calor y otros problemas controlados por la ecuación diferencial de campo bidimensional mostrada en este documento. También es posible resolver problemas de elasticidad bidimensional en condición plana de esfuerzos y en condición plana de deformaciones. Al operar el programa, el usuario debe escribir una de las instrucciones necesarias para obtener las cantidades de interés. Las instrucciones disponibles se clasifican así: edición de matrices, operaciones matriciales básicas, solución de sistemas de ecuaciones simultáneas, ensamblaje de matrices y vectores, numeración de grados de libertad, valores y vectores propios. Existen también instrucciones para la creación de matrices elementales como: funciones de forma, matriz gradiente, matriz de rigidez, vector de términos independientes, contribución interelemental, matriz de transformación y matriz de constantes elásticas.

Coastal erosion hazard and vulnerability using sig tools. Comparison between "La Barra town, Buenaventura, (Pacific Ocean of Colombia) and Providence - Santa Catalina islands (Colombian Caribbean Sea)

Science.gov (United States)

Coca-Domínguez, Oswaldo; Ricaurte-Villota, Constanza; Morales-Giraldo, David; Rangel-Buitrago, Nelson

2014-05-01

Analysis of hazards and vulnerability associated to coastal erosion along coastlines is a first issue in order to establish plans for adaptation to climate change in coastal areas. La Barra Town, Buenaventura (Pacific ocean of Colombia) and Providence - Santa Catalina Islands (Colombian Caribbean) were selected to develop a detailed analysis of coastal erosion hazard and vulnerability from different perspectives: i) physical (hazard) , ii) social , iii) conservation approach and iv) cultural heritage (Raizal). The analysis was made by a semi quantitative approximation method, applying variables associated with the intrinsic coastal zone properties (i.e. type of beach, exposure of the coast to waves, etc.). Coastal erosion data and associated variables as well land use; conservation and heritage data were used to carry out a further detailed analysis of the human - structural vulnerability and exposure to hazards. The data shows erosion rates close to -17 m yr-1 in La Barra Town (highlighting their critical condition and urgent relocation process), while in some sectors of Providence Island, such as Old Town, erosion rate was -5 m yr-1. The observed erosion process affects directly the land use and the local and regional economy. The differences between indexes and the structural and physical vulnerability as well the use of methodological variables are presented in the context of each region. In this work, all the information was worked using a GIS environment since this allows editing and updating the information continuously. The application of this methodology generates useful information in order to promote risk management as well prevention, mitigation and reduction plans. In both areas the adaptation must be a priority strategy to be considered, including relocation alternatives and sustainable protection with the support of studies of uses and future outlooks in the coast. The methodology is framed into the use of GIS tools and it highlights their benefits

Elementos doi: 10.5007/1807-9288.2011v7n1p167

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Francisco Carlos de Carvalho Marinho

2011-01-01

Full Text Available Encerrando a presente edição da revista Texto Digital, apresentamos a belíssima criação "Elementos" do prof. Dr. Chico Marinho, da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG. Para ter acesso ao arquivo, clique aqui.

Activated sludge model No. 2d, ASM2d

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Henze, M.

1999-01-01

The Activated Sludge Model No. 2d (ASM2d) presents a model for biological phosphorus removal with simultaneous nitrification-denitrification in activated sludge systems. ASM2d is based on ASM2 and is expanded to include the denitrifying activity of the phosphorus accumulating organisms (PAOs......). This extension of ASM2 allows for improved modeling of the processes, especially with respect to the dynamics of nitrate and phosphate. (C) 1999 IAWQ Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved....

Electromagnetic model of a three phase induction motor using finite elements; Modelo electromagnetico de un motor de induccion trifasico usando elementos finitos

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ruvalcaba Marquez, Carlos

2003-02-15

This thesis shows a non-linear electromagnetic analysis of a three-phase induction machine using the two-dimensional finite element method (2D FEM). It is necessary to solve the diffusion equation to obtain the average magnetic vector potential of the FE machine model. The solution of this equation gives the induced eddy currents locally or globally inside the FE machine model. The induction machine is rated at 2.2 kw, 220 V, 60 Hz, and it can handle two different speeds, 1750/1150 rpm with a current consumption of 9.6/11.0 A, respectively. This machine is at the Laboratorio de Propulsion of the Instituto Tecnologico de la Laguna. The eddy currents induced in the conducting material appear because the FE model of the machine model is supplied by a sinusoidal current; finally, the depth penetration factor is considered on the FE mesh to achieve a better skin effect representation. [Spanish] En este trabajo de tesis se realiza un analisis electromagnetico no lineal de un motor de induccion trifasico empleando el metodo del elemento finito en dos dimensiones. De manera especifica, se calcula el potencial magnetico vectorial promedio del modelo de elemento finito del motor mediante la solucion de la ecuacion de difusion. Al resolver la ecuacion de difusion se obtiene la densidad de corrientes de eddy que se inducen ya sea en sentido local o global en el modelo del motor. El motor de induccion analizado esta disenado para operar a dos velocidades, 1750/1150 rpm, tiene una capacidad de 2.2 kW, 220 V, 9.6/11.0 A, 60 Hz, y se encuentra instalado en el Laboratorio de Propulsion del Instituto Tecnologico de la Laguna. Debido a que el modelo electromagnetico del motor de induccion es alimentado por una fuente de corriente senoidal, se tiene una induccion de corrientes de eddy en el material conductor. En el diseno de la malla se considero el factor de penetracion para lograr una mejor representacion del efecto piel.

La productividad y la competencia : elementos condicionantes del quehacer empresarial

OpenAIRE

Lilia Cañon Fl

1993-01-01

RESUMEN Este texto conceptualiza la competencia como un aspecto inmerso en el discurrir económico y, por supuesto, social. En este sentido, la competitividad y por extensión la productividad son elementos y condiciones primordiales para revisar y tener presentes en el tratamiento o abordaje del quehacer empresarial, mucho más cuando este ha penetrado y permeabilizado el campo de la educación, lo cual obliga a elaborar, cada vez, discursos de mayor rigurosidad intelectual.

Análise documental de fotografias jornalísticas: estudo exploratório dos elementos conotativos

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Raquel Juliana Prado Leite de Sousa

2015-01-01

Full Text Available Reflete sobre a necessidade e a possibilidade de estabelecimento de maior rigor metodológico para a análise documental do processo conotativo de fotografias, tendo como objetivo realizar um estudo exploratório dos elementos de conotação. Analisa as fotografias presentes na cobertura jornalística de pesquisa científica que realizou estudo de arqueologia forense nos restos mortais dos imperadores brasileiros publicadas nos jornais O Estado de São Paulo e Folha de São Paulo em fevereiro de 2013. Parte do levantamento inicial da presença ou ausência dos elementos trucagem, pose, objetos, estetismo, sintaxe e fotogenia apontados por Barthes (1990 como formadores da conotação em fotografias jornalísticas, para posteriormente realizar análise conceitual de uma fotografia publicada nos dois jornais. Conclui que o estabelecimento de elementos para a análise e descrição do processo conotativo de fotografias deve e pode ser aprofundado, de modo a procurar, se não substituir, minimizar uma leitura subjetiva da conotação por critérios mais uniformes.

Uma abordagem analítica para detecção de pontos limites e de bifurcação

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William Taylor Matias Silva

2016-08-01

Full Text Available RESUMO: Neste trabalho descreve-se analiticamente de maneira detalhada a detecção e a classificação de pontos críticos na trajetória primária de equilíbrio de sistemas estruturais. Utiliza-se a Formulação Lagrangiana Total para descrever a cinemática de um elemento de barra biarticulado 2D. Através desta formulação obtém-se o vetor de forças internas e a matriz de rigidez tangente que levam em conta os efeitos da não linearidade geométrica. Assume-se um modelo constitutivo linear elástico para o estado uniaxial de tensão-deformação, usando a deformação de Green-Lagrange e a tensão axial do segundo tensor de Piola-Kirchhoff que são energeticamente conjugados. Como estudo de caso apresenta-se uma treliça plana hiperestática composta com 3 elementos biarticulados 2D e com dois graus de liberdade. Por fim, determinam-se as condições geométricas e físicas para a coalescência entre os pontos limites e de bifurcação. A principal contribuição deste trabalho é demonstrar a necessidade de compreender melhor os fenômenos não lineares para projetar sistemas estruturais mais seguros. ABSTRACT: Using an analytical this paper describes in detail the detection and classification of critical points in the primary equilibrium path of structural systems. The Total Lagrangian formulation is employed to describe the kinematics of a 2D bar element. With this formulation, the internal force vector and the tangent stiffness matrix including the geometric nonlinearity effects are obtained. An elastic linear constitutive model is assumed for the uniaxial stress-strain state. Such model uses the Green-Lagrange strain tensor and the second Piola-Kirchhoff axial stress tensor which are energetically conjugate tensors. As a study case, the article presents a statically inderminate plane truss discretized with three 2D bar elements. Finally, the geometrical and physical conditions for the coalescence between limit and bifurcation points

On QCD Q2-evolution of deuteron structure function F2D(xD, Q2) for xD>1

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sidorov, A.V.; Tokarev, M.V.

1995-01-01

The deep-inelastic deuteron structure function (SF) F 2 D (x D ,Q 2 ) in the covariant approach in light-cone variables is considered. The x D and Q 2 -dependences of SF are calculated. The QCD analysis of generated data both for non-cumulative x D D >1 ranges was performed. It was shown that Q 2 -evolution of SF is valid for ranges 0.275 D D D -dependence of SF for the ranges is essentially different. 23 refs., 2 figs., 1 tab

Una teoría general de análisis en el diseño de elementos de máquinas

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Guillermo García P.

1985-09-01

Full Text Available La presentación tradicional dada al diseño de máquinas orienta en la mayoría de los casos al profesor y al estudiante hacia el estudio particular de los diferentes elementos que componen un sistema. Esta forma de trabajo es, sin lugar a dudas, un paso Importante para la obtención de información de un proyecto. Pero el proceso de análisis no se puede quedar a nivel de elementos sueltos, sino que es necesario llevarlo a que se integre al nivel de conjunto de elementos que forman una máquina. Este enfoque del problema brinda la oportunidad de desarrollar un análisis completo de comienzo a fin del sistema, retomando a su debido tiempo al elemento. En esta forma se desarrolla una amplia visión de análisis para el diseño de máquinas. La apertura de esta forma de trabajo tiene sus fundamentos en la influencia de la transmisión de carga y/o movimiento sobre el diseño de la máquina.

Comportamento de violência e fatores associados entre estudantes de Barra do Garças, MT Comportamiento de violencia y factores asociados entre estudiantes de Barra do Garças, Centro-Oeste de Brasil Violence behavior and factors associated among students of Central-West Brazil

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Marta de Lima Castro

2011-12-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Estimar a prevalência de violência entre adolescentes e jovens adultos e identificar fatores associados. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal com amostragem aleatória sistemática de 699 estudantes do ensino fundamental e médio da rede pública urbana de Barra do Garças, MT, em 2008. Questionário autopreenchível foi aplicado em sala de aula sem a presença do professor. O desfecho "comportamento violento" foi definido como (1 uso de arma de fogo ou branca, e/ou (2 agressões contra si e ou terceiros, e/ou (3 tentativa de suicídio. As variáveis independentes analisadas foram idade, gênero, condição socioeconômica, uso de álcool, uso de drogas psicoativas, atividade sexual e relacionamento com os pais. Foram realizadas análises univariadas e regressão múltipla ajustada para efeito de agregado. RESULTADOS: A prevalência de violência foi de 18,6%, variando segundo a idade: de 10,1% no grupo de dez e 11 anos; 20,2% dos 12 aos 19 anos; e 4,5% dos 20 e 21 anos. Os fatores associados ao comportamento de violência foram uso de álcool (RP = 2,51, IC95% 1,22;5,15, uso de drogas psicoativas (RP = 2,10, IC95%1,61;2,75, gênero masculino (RP = 1,63, IC95% 1,13;2,35 e relações insatisfatórias entre os pais (RP = 1,64, IC95% 1,25;2,15. CONCLUSÕES: Os resultados indicam alta prevalência de violência entre os adolescentes na faixa etária de 12 a 19 anos, sobretudo entre os usuários de álcool e drogas, do sexo masculino, de família cujos pais não possuem relações satisfatórias. Embora sem significância estatística no modelo final de regressão, a defasagem escolar e nível socioeconômico devem ser considerados em ações educativas de prevenção ao comportamento de violência entre estudantes.OBJETIVO: Estimar la prevalencia de violencia entre adolescentes y jóvenes adultos e identificar factores asociados. MÉTODOS: Estudio transversal con muestreo aleatorio sistemático de 699 estudiantes de primaria y bachillerato de la

Conhecimento tradicional das marisqueiras de Barra Grande, área de proteção ambiental do delta do Rio Parnaíba, Piauí, Brasil

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Simone Tupinambá Freitas

2012-08-01

Full Text Available Na comunidade de Barra Grande localizada no litoral do Piauí, as mulheres dos pescadores, conhecidas localmente como marisqueiras, extraem do manguezal vários tipos de moluscos para comercialização e em maior escala para a subsistência. Dados sobre a atividade de mariscagem, conceitos de conservação e aspectos socioeconômicos do contexto em que ocorre a atividade de cata dos moluscos, foram revelados após a aplicação de protocolos estruturados e semiestruturados. O molusco bivalve Anomalocardia brasiliana (Gmelin, 1791, popularmente denominado de marisco, é caracterizado por ser um importante recurso para a subsistência, sendo o mais coletado pela comunidade, seguido da Mytella charruana (d'Orbigny, 1842, o sururu, explorado para a comercialização por ter o maior valor de mercado. O conhecimento das marisqueiras sobre A. brasiliana foi comparado com literatura especializada, muitas vezes mostrando-se em harmonia com esta. Demonstra-se assim que o conhecimento tradicional deve ser valorizado para delineamento de programas de gestão de recursos pesqueiros da região. Quanto aos modos de pensar, foi revelado que 82,81% das marisqueiras praticam manejo para a conservação da A. brasiliana ao coletar apenas os indivíduos de maior tamanho, e 80,86% consideram que não existe poluição nos pontos de coletas. O surgimento de uma Associação exclusiva e cooperativa para as marisqueiras é necessário para a valorização do trabalho por elas desenvolvido, visto que há uma média estimada de 351 kg de carne sendo extraídos mensalmente.En la comunidad de Barra Grande, situada en la costa del estado de Piaui, las esposas de los pescadores, localmente llamadas de "marisqueiras", extraen de los manglares diversos tipos de moluscos para su comercialización, haciendo de esta actividad en una fuente de subsistencia. Informaciones detalladas y sistemáticas sobre la actividad de cosecha de mariscos, del contexto en el que se desarrolla la

Recursos administrativos: conceptos, elementos y presupuestos. Un estudio comparativo de los regímenes peruano y uruguayo

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Juan Pablo Cajarville Peluffo

2011-12-01

Full Text Available El artículo presenta una comparación de las principales características del recurso administrativo en el Derecho peruano y uruguayo. Teniendo como contexto la comparación de ambos marcos constitucionales y legales, se desarrolla la definición del recurso administrativo como ejercicio del derecho de petición para, posteriormente, realizar el análisis de los elementos esenciales y de los elementos no esenciales del recurso administrativo. Finalmente, el trabajo ofrece una visión cuestionadora de la regulación constitucional uruguaya y permite arribar a algunas conclusiones sobre ambos ordenamientos.

Bioconcentraciones foliares de elementos minerales en Lippia alba (salvia morada)

OpenAIRE

Schroeder, María A; Burgos, Ángela M

2013-01-01

Introducción: la salvia morada es un subarbusto aromático, que crece de modo espontáneo en América Central y del Sur. Frecuentemente es cultivada en jardines como ornamental, por su intenso aroma y sus propiedades medicinales y culinarias. No se encontraron estudios sobre parámetros nutricionales en esta especie. Objetivos: determinar las bioconcentraciones foliares de elementos minerales en Lippia alba (Mill.) N. E. Br. ex Britton & P. Wilson que crece naturalmente en el bioambiente del nort...

La productividad y la competencia : elementos condicionantes del quehacer empresarial

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Lilia Cañon Fl

1993-05-01

Full Text Available RESUMEN Este texto conceptualiza la competencia como un aspecto inmerso en el discurrir económico y, por supuesto, social. En este sentido, la competitividad y por extensión la productividad son elementos y condiciones primordiales para revisar y tener presentes en el tratamiento o abordaje del quehacer empresarial, mucho más cuando este ha penetrado y permeabilizado el campo de la educación, lo cual obliga a elaborar, cada vez, discursos de mayor rigurosidad intelectual.

WE-AB-BRA-07: Quantitative Evaluation of 2D-2D and 2D-3D Image Guided Radiation Therapy for Clinical Trial Credentialing, NRG Oncology/RTOG

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Giaddui, T; Yu, J; Xiao, Y [Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA (United States); Jacobs, P [MIM Software, Inc, Cleavland, Ohio (United States); Manfredi, D; Linnemann, N [IROC Philadelphia, RTQA Center, Philadelphia, PA (United States)

2015-06-15

Purpose: 2D-2D kV image guided radiation therapy (IGRT) credentialing evaluation for clinical trial qualification was historically qualitative through submitting screen captures of the fusion process. However, as quantitative DICOM 2D-2D and 2D-3D image registration tools are implemented in clinical practice for better precision, especially in centers that treat patients with protons, better IGRT credentialing techniques are needed. The aim of this work is to establish methodologies for quantitatively reviewing IGRT submissions based on DICOM 2D-2D and 2D-3D image registration and to test the methodologies in reviewing 2D-2D and 2D-3D IGRT submissions for RTOG/NRG Oncology clinical trials qualifications. Methods: DICOM 2D-2D and 2D-3D automated and manual image registration have been tested using the Harmony tool in MIM software. 2D kV orthogonal portal images are fused with the reference digital reconstructed radiographs (DRR) in the 2D-2D registration while the 2D portal images are fused with DICOM planning CT image in the 2D-3D registration. The Harmony tool allows alignment of the two images used in the registration process and also calculates the required shifts. Shifts calculated using MIM are compared with those submitted by institutions for IGRT credentialing. Reported shifts are considered to be acceptable if differences are less than 3mm. Results: Several tests have been performed on the 2D-2D and 2D-3D registration. The results indicated good agreement between submitted and calculated shifts. A workflow for reviewing these IGRT submissions has been developed and will eventually be used to review IGRT submissions. Conclusion: The IROC Philadelphia RTQA center has developed and tested a new workflow for reviewing DICOM 2D-2D and 2D-3D IGRT credentialing submissions made by different cancer clinical centers, especially proton centers. NRG Center for Innovation in Radiation Oncology (CIRO) and IROC RTQA center continue their collaborative efforts to enhance

WE-AB-BRA-07: Quantitative Evaluation of 2D-2D and 2D-3D Image Guided Radiation Therapy for Clinical Trial Credentialing, NRG Oncology/RTOG

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Giaddui, T; Yu, J; Xiao, Y; Jacobs, P; Manfredi, D; Linnemann, N

2015-01-01

Purpose: 2D-2D kV image guided radiation therapy (IGRT) credentialing evaluation for clinical trial qualification was historically qualitative through submitting screen captures of the fusion process. However, as quantitative DICOM 2D-2D and 2D-3D image registration tools are implemented in clinical practice for better precision, especially in centers that treat patients with protons, better IGRT credentialing techniques are needed. The aim of this work is to establish methodologies for quantitatively reviewing IGRT submissions based on DICOM 2D-2D and 2D-3D image registration and to test the methodologies in reviewing 2D-2D and 2D-3D IGRT submissions for RTOG/NRG Oncology clinical trials qualifications. Methods: DICOM 2D-2D and 2D-3D automated and manual image registration have been tested using the Harmony tool in MIM software. 2D kV orthogonal portal images are fused with the reference digital reconstructed radiographs (DRR) in the 2D-2D registration while the 2D portal images are fused with DICOM planning CT image in the 2D-3D registration. The Harmony tool allows alignment of the two images used in the registration process and also calculates the required shifts. Shifts calculated using MIM are compared with those submitted by institutions for IGRT credentialing. Reported shifts are considered to be acceptable if differences are less than 3mm. Results: Several tests have been performed on the 2D-2D and 2D-3D registration. The results indicated good agreement between submitted and calculated shifts. A workflow for reviewing these IGRT submissions has been developed and will eventually be used to review IGRT submissions. Conclusion: The IROC Philadelphia RTQA center has developed and tested a new workflow for reviewing DICOM 2D-2D and 2D-3D IGRT credentialing submissions made by different cancer clinical centers, especially proton centers. NRG Center for Innovation in Radiation Oncology (CIRO) and IROC RTQA center continue their collaborative efforts to enhance

Acute D2/D3 dopaminergic agonism but chronic D2/D3 antagonism prevents NMDA antagonist neurotoxicity.

Science.gov (United States)

Farber, Nuri B; Nemmers, Brian; Noguchi, Kevin K

2006-09-15

Antagonists of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) glutamate receptor, most likely by producing disinhibtion in complex circuits, acutely produce psychosis and cognitive disturbances in humans, and neurotoxicity in rodents. Studies examining NMDA Receptor Hypofunction (NRHypo) neurotoxicity in animals, therefore, may provide insights into the pathophysiology of psychotic disorders. Dopaminergic D2 and/or D3 agents can modify psychosis over days to weeks, suggesting involvement of these transmitter system(s). We studied the ability of D2/D3 agonists and antagonists to modify NRHypo neurotoxicity both after a one-time acute exposure and after chronic daily exposure. Here we report that D2/D3 dopamine agonists, probably via D3 receptors, prevent NRHypo neurotoxicity when given acutely. The protective effect with D2/D3 agonists is not seen after chronic daily dosing. In contrast, the antipsychotic haloperidol does not affect NRHypo neurotoxicity when given acutely at D2/D3 doses. However, after chronic daily dosing of 1, 3, or 5 weeks, haloperidol does prevent NRHypo neurotoxicity with longer durations producing greater protection. Understanding the changes that occur in the NRHypo circuit after chronic exposure to dopaminergic agents could provide important clues into the pathophysiology of psychotic disorders.

Hydraulic modelling of the CARA Fuel element; Desarrollo hidraulico del combustible CARA

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Brasnarof, Daniel O; Juanico, Luis [Comision Nacional de Energia Atomica, San Carlos de Bariloche (Argentina). Disenios Avanzados y Evaluacion Economica; Giorgi, M [Comision Nacional de Energia Atomica, General San Martin (Argentina). Dept. de Materiales; Ghiselli, Alberto M; Zampach, Ruben; Fiori, Jose M; Yedros, Pablo A [Comision Nacional de Energia Atomica, General San Martin (Argentina). Dept. de Ensayos no Destructivos

2004-07-01

The CARA fuel element is been developing by the National Atomic Energy Commission for both Argentinean PHWRs. In order to keep the hydraulic restriction in their fuel channels, one of CARA's goals is to keep its similarity with both present fuel elements. In this paper is presented pressure drop test performed at a low-pressure facility (Reynolds numbers between 5x10{sup 4} and 1,5x10{sup 5}) and rational base models for their spacer grid and rod assembly. Using these models, we could estimate the CARA hydraulic performance in reactor conditions that have shown to be satisfactory. (author) [Spanish] Con el objeto de validar la similitud hidraulica del elemento combustible CARA con los actuales combustibles de Atucha y Embalse, se realizaron ensayos de perdida de carga en el circuito CBP del CAC con un nuevo diseno de separador de mejor desempeno hidraulico. Se presenta aqui el analisis de los mismos, de los cuales se validaron modelos de base racional para estimar las restricciones hidraulicas de los distintos componentes estructurales (separadores, grillas y barras combustibles) en funcion del flujo refrigerante. Se estimo asi la caida de presion del CARA dentro del canal combustible Embalse en condiciones nominales de reactor, siendo la misma similar al del combustible actual de 37 barras. (autor)

Material reciclado como elemento constructivo de una vivienda económica sustentable en la ciudad de Hco-2014

OpenAIRE

Sánchez Murrugarra, Ricardo

2015-01-01

Este proyecto de tesis consiste en el estudio del material reciclado como elemento constructivo de vivienda económica sustentable. Estos materiales después de su uso son desechado y aunque se le de algún tratamiento son desechos altamente contaminantes por su lenta degradación. Por este motivo damos la importancia de dar un uso adecuado de los materiales reciclados es un buen comienzo. Al igual que todo material reciclado empleado en la construcción, éstos se convertirá en un elemento impo...

Plasma Stability in Magnetic Mirror Machine with Stabilizing Rods; Stabilite du Plasma dans une Machine a Miroirs Magnetiques avec Barreaux de Stabilisation; Ustojchivost' plazmy v probkotrone so stabiliziruyushchimi sterzhnyami; Estabilidad del Plasma en una Trampa de Espejos con Barras Estabilizadoras

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Trubnikov, B. A. [Institut Atomnoj Ehnergii Im. I.V. Kurchatova, Moskva, SSSR (Russian Federation)

1966-04-15

-Operator 1, ce qui est admissible pour les evaluations semi-quantitatives. ' Outre les barreaux de longueur infinie, l'auteur a examine des systemes a barreaux de stabilisation de longueur finie qui peuvent etre egalement realises a l'aide d'aimants multipolaires de longueur finie. Comme il le montre dans le memoire, on peut meme parvenir a une stabilisation dans le cas limite des barreaux tres courts, ou ces derniers peuvent etre consideres comme formant un systeme de 2n bipoles magnetiques ponctuels situes dans le plan central de la machine sur la peripherie d'un cercle de rayon a et orientes parallelement au rayon dans le sens oppose a l'axe (ou vers l'axe - les directions alternent). Ces systemes, que l'auteur a examines a la suite d'une suggestion de Artsimovitch peuvent se reveler tres utiles; en effet, leur structure facilite l'acces au plasma et permet d'installer des dispositifs complementaires pour son diagnostic ou son chauffage. (author) [Spanish] En esta memoria se amplia el criterio ya conocido Greek-Small-Letter-Delta {integral} Script-Small-L / B < 0 al caso de que los campos no tengan simetria axial. Para ello hay que expresarlo en la forma {integral}( Greek-Small-Letter-Delta B/B{sup 2}) (P{sub 0} + P{sub Up-Tack }) d Script-Small-L > 0; en donde Greek-Small-Letter-Delta B = s x {Delta}B es el incremento del modulo del campo sobre la linea de fuerza adyacente (exterior), siendo s Up-Tack B. Se aplica dicho criterio al estudio de la estabilidad del plasma en uria trampa de espejos con barras estabilizadoras. El campo, en las proximidades del eje, esta representado por el potencial escalar: {psi} = {integral} B{sub 0} (z) dz - B{sub 0}{sup 1} (z) r 2/4 + g (z) r{sup n} cos n{phi} mientras que para el campo en el eje mismo se utiliza la aproximacion parabolica B{sub 0}(z) = B{sub 0}{sup 0} (l + z{sup 2} /1{sup 2}). Si hay 2n barras, en cada una de las cuales la corriente es I, dispuestas en forma de circunferencia de radio a, teniendo en cuenta la pequenez de

Resolución por elementos finitos de problemas de mecánica de fluidos

OpenAIRE

Nigro, Norberto

1993-01-01

Tesis (DCI)--FCEFN-UNC, 1993 Recomienda dar respuesta a algunas de las dificultades que surgen en la simulación numérica de problemas de mecánica de fluídos mediante el método de los elementos finitos

Infrared spectra and tunneling dynamics of the N2-D2O and OC-D2O complexes in the v2 bend region of D2O.

Science.gov (United States)

Zhu, Yu; Zheng, Rui; Li, Song; Yang, Yu; Duan, Chuanxi

2013-12-07

The rovibrational spectra of the N2-D2O and OC-D2O complexes in the v2 bend region of D2O have been measured in a supersonic slit jet expansion using a rapid-scan tunable diode laser spectrometer. Both a-type and b-type transitions were observed for these two complexes. All transitions are doubled, due to the heavy water tunneling within the complexes. Assuming the tunneling splittings are the same in K(a) = 0 and K(a) = 1, the band origins, all three rotational and several distortion constants of each tunneling state were determined for N2-D2O in the ground and excited vibrational states, and for OC-D2O in the excited vibrational state, respectively. The averaged band origin of OC-D2O is blueshifted by 2.241 cm(-1) from that of the v2 band of the D2O monomer, compared with 1.247 cm(-1) for N2-D2O. The tunneling splitting of N2-D2O in the ground state is 0.16359(28) cm(-1), which is about five times that of OC-D2O. The tunneling splittings decrease by about 26% for N2-D2O and 23% for OC-D2O, respectively, upon excitation of the D2O bending vibration, indicating an increase of the tunneling barrier in the excited vibrational state. The tunneling splittings are found to have a strong dependence on intramolecular vibrational excitation as well as a weak dependence on quantum number K(a).

FASES DE RESOLUCIÓN DE UNA SITUACIÓN-PROBLEMA UTILIZANDO ELEMENTOS DE COMPETENCIAS

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ester Ruda

2012-01-01

Full Text Available El objetivo de este trabajo fue analizar las fases utilizadas para resolver una situación-problema a través de elementos de competencias en el proceso de enseñanza y aprendizaje de una asignatura universitaria. Se analizan las fases a desarrollar (análisis de la situación-problema, identificación de los esquemas de actuación, selección, disposición y aplicación estratégica de los esquemas de actuación; conocimiento, dominio y transferencia de los componentes de la competencia y las evidencias de logro del dominio de los componentes de la competencia. Se aplican los conceptos a un ejemplo para una asignatura del ciclo superior de una carrera relacionada con la química y se discuten los resultados obtenidos. La resolución de una situación-problema implica que los alumnos han adquirido elementos de competencias, han sorteado distintos pasos que implican el dominio de procedimientos que aparecen en toda acción competente y han aplicado interrelacionadamente contenidos conceptuales, actitudinales y procedimentales.

SISTEMAS DE IDENTIFICACIÓN POR RADIOFRECUENCIA, CÓDIGO DE BARRAS Y SU RELACIÓN CON LA GESTIÓN DE LA CADENA DE SUMINISTRO

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

ALEXANDER CORREA ESPINAL

2010-01-01

Full Text Available El articulo muestra, a través del análisis de libros, artículos científicos y algunos estudios existentes, el estado del arte y la relación entre los sistemas e identificación (código de barras y radiofrecuencia y la gestión de la cadena de suministro, en aplicaciones significativas a nivel mundial y de Colombia. Para ello, se compilan conceptos generales de los sistemas de identificación presentando sus definiciones, componentes de hardware/software, aplicaciones en la cadena de suministro y el uso que grandes, medianas y pequeñas empresas le otorgan. El estudio pone en evidencia la importancia que estas tecnologías tienen para mejorar el desempeño y la trazabilidad, simplificar operaciones, reducir costos y agilizar los flujos de información en la cadena de suministro.

Limpeza de elementos municiais em balística forense

OpenAIRE

Neto, Ana Raquel Ferreira

2015-01-01

A presente dissertação tem por objetivo a implementação de novos métodos de limpeza de elementos municiais de modo a substituir os métodos usados na Especialidade Forense de Balística do Laboratório de Polícia Científica da Polícia Judiciária. Estes métodos pretendem remover os três tipos de degradação/contaminação mais comuns na prática pericial do laboratório: gesso, corrosão e sangue. Os resultados obtidos no decorrer do trabalho foram avaliados de acordo com critérios pr...

Herramientas de software con licencia pública general para el modelado por elementos finitos

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CARLOS GALEANO

2007-01-01

Full Text Available En el presente artículo se presentan los resultados de una revisión realizada a varios programas con licencias GPL para el modelamiento de problemas con elementos finitos. Este estudio permitió realizar la caracterización de estos programas teniendo en cuenta criterios como el tipo de análisis permitido, la compatibilidad con programas CAD, el tipo de soporte ofrecido, la actualización de las versiones, el tipo de interfaz de usuario implementado y la curva de aprendizaje para nuevos usuarios, entre otros. Posteriormente se estudiaron tres casos diferentes, los cuales fueron modelados con elementos finitos empleando distintos programas GPL. En la parte final del documento se comparan los resultados obtenidos con software libre, los arrojados por un programa comercial (Ansys, y los modelos analíticos derivados de la solución de la ecuación diferencial que rige el fenómeno particular, obteniendo una convergencia aceptable entre todos los resultados

Acercamiento al Concepto de Grupos Empresariales: Concurrencia de Elementos para su Existencia

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Carlos Mario Montiel Fuentes

2009-06-01

Full Text Available El grupo empresarial es el conjunto de una o más sociedades independientes jurídicamente entre sí, pero que se encuentran bajo un control o subordinación ejercido por una matriz o controlante y sometidas a una dirección unitaria que determina los lineamientos de cada una de ellas. Conformándose el grupo empresarial únicamente cuando concurran los dos elementos de su esencia; 1. El control o subordinación y 2. La unidad de propósito y dirección; sin que signifique esto, que se esté dando nacimiento a un nuevo ente autónomo e independiente, pues se mantiene intacta la personalidad jurídica de cada una de las sociedades vinculadas al grupo.

Aplicación móvil para dispositivos Apple® que utiliza elementos visuales para interactuar con una vivienda inteligente. Control de persiana

OpenAIRE

Grupo de Domótica y Ambientes Inteligentes

2014-01-01

En los vídeos se muestra una aplicación móvil para dispositivos Apple® que utiliza elementos visuales para interactuar con una vivienda inteligente. La interfaz consiste en una representación de la vivienda real en 3D a través de la cual se puede controlar de manera intuitiva la iluminación, clima, persianas, TV, etc. En concreto, la interfaz permite interactuar con los dispositivos reales de la vivienda tocando su representación virtual en la interfaz. Debido a la sencillez en el uso de la m...

Time resolved spectroscopic investigation of SiD2 + D2: kinetic study

Science.gov (United States)

Al-Rubaiey, Najem A.; Walsh, Robin

2017-03-01

Silylenes (silanediyls) have made an important impact on organosilicon chemistry even if it is of more recent foundation than carbenes in organic chemistry and much less complete. These species are highly reactive intermediates. They play a central role in the chemical vapour deposition (CVD) of various silicon-containing thin films which have a technological importance in microelectronics as well as in the dry etching processes of silicon wafers. Spectroscopic methods have been developed to observe these species, a necessary pre-requisite to their direct monitoring. In this work, deuterated phenylsilane precursor, PhSiD3 was chosen for SiD2 because its analogue phenylsilane, PhSiH3 proved to be a good precursor for SiH2 and the high quality decay signals observed revealed that SiD2 be readily detected from PhSiD3 and that if other decomposition pathways (e.g. PhSiD + D2) are occurring, they do not effect measurements of the rate constants for SiD2. The absorption spectrum of SiD2 formed from the flash photolysis of a mixture of PhSiD3 and SF6 at 193nm were found in the region 17384-17391 cm-1 with strong band at 17387.07 cm-1. This single rotational line of pQ1 was chosen to monitor SiD2 removal. Time-resolved studies of SiD2 have been carried out to obtain rate constants for its bimolecular reactions with D2. The reactions were studied over the pressure range 5-100 Torr (in SF6 bath gas) at four temperatures in the range 298-498K. Single decay from 10 photolysis laser shots were averaged and found to give reasonable first-order kinetics fits. Second order kinetics were obtained by pressure dependence of the pseudo first order decay constants and substance D2 pressures within experimental error. The reaction was found to be weakly pressure dependent at all temperatures, consistent with a third-body mediated association process. In addition, SiH2+ H2 reaction is approximately ca. 60% faster than SiD2+D2 reaction. Theoretical extrapolations (using Lindemann

Time resolved spectroscopic investigation of SiD2 + D2: kinetic study

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Al-Rubaiey Najem A.

2017-01-01

Full Text Available Silylenes (silanediyls have made an important impact on organosilicon chemistry even if it is of more recent foundation than carbenes in organic chemistry and much less complete. These species are highly reactive intermediates. They play a central role in the chemical vapour deposition (CVD of various silicon-containing thin films which have a technological importance in microelectronics as well as in the dry etching processes of silicon wafers. Spectroscopic methods have been developed to observe these species, a necessary pre-requisite to their direct monitoring. In this work, deuterated phenylsilane precursor, PhSiD3 was chosen for SiD2 because its analogue phenylsilane, PhSiH3 proved to be a good precursor for SiH2 and the high quality decay signals observed revealed that SiD2 be readily detected from PhSiD3 and that if other decomposition pathways (e.g. PhSiD + D2 are occurring, they do not effect measurements of the rate constants for SiD2. The absorption spectrum of SiD2 formed from the flash photolysis of a mixture of PhSiD3 and SF6 at 193nm were found in the region 17384-17391 cm-1 with strong band at 17387.07 cm-1. This single rotational line of pQ1 was chosen to monitor SiD2 removal. Time-resolved studies of SiD2 have been carried out to obtain rate constants for its bimolecular reactions with D2. The reactions were studied over the pressure range 5-100 Torr (in SF6 bath gas at four temperatures in the range 298-498K. Single decay from 10 photolysis laser shots were averaged and found to give reasonable first-order kinetics fits. Second order kinetics were obtained by pressure dependence of the pseudo first order decay constants and substance D2 pressures within experimental error. The reaction was found to be weakly pressure dependent at all temperatures, consistent with a third-body mediated association process. In addition, SiH2+ H2 reaction is approximately ca. 60% faster than SiD2+D2 reaction. Theoretical extrapolations (using

Cocaine-induced adaptation of dopamine D2S, but not D2L autoreceptors.

Science.gov (United States)

Robinson, Brooks G; Condon, Alec F; Radl, Daniela; Borrelli, Emiliana; Williams, John T; Neve, Kim A

2017-11-20

The dopamine D2 receptor has two splice variants, D2S (Short) and D2L (Long). In dopamine neurons, both variants can act as autoreceptors to regulate neuronal excitability and dopamine release, but the roles of each variant are incompletely characterized. In a previous study we used viral receptor expression in D2 receptor knockout mice to show distinct effects of calcium signaling on D2S and D2L autoreceptor function (Gantz et al., 2015). However, the cocaine-induced plasticity of D2 receptor desensitization observed in wild type mice was not recapitulated with this method of receptor expression. Here we use mice with genetic knockouts of either the D2S or D2L variant to investigate cocaine-induced plasticity in D2 receptor signaling. Following a single in vivo cocaine exposure, the desensitization of D2 receptors from neurons expressing only the D2S variant was reduced. This did not occur in D2L-expressing neurons, indicating differential drug-induced plasticity between the variants.

Elementos críticos sobre cooperación internacional en el Magdalena Medio colombiano

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Edgar Alberto Zamora Aviles

2013-09-01

Full Text Available El trabajo se propone aportar elementos críticos sobre la cooperación internacional, en particular sobre la cooperación europea, en el Magdalena Medio durante la primera década del siglo XXI. Partiendo de que los flujos de capital de la cooperación internacional para el desarrollo no son políticamente neutros y están condicionadospor los intereses geopolíticos y geoeconómicos de los donantes, sostenemos que la cooperación en esta región ha contribuido a consolidar nuevas espacialidades capitalistas en favor de la acumulación global y en detrimento de las propuestas de desarrollo territorial que han construido las comunidades de esta región. Este proceso ha operado bajo distintas modalidades de acumulación por desposesión en medio de la crisis humanitaria que ha generado el desarrollo del conflicto social y armado. En el Magdalena Medio uno de los escenarios de desposesión más destacados es el de la agroindustria palmera.

Diagnóstico de la resistencia de las chimeneas de los ciclones del Regenerador D-402 // Diagnostic of Regenerator D-402 Cyclones Chimneys Resistance.

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Juan Miguel Pichardo-Martínez

2009-09-01

Full Text Available El presente artículo describe el modo en que se han empleado las técnicas de modelación encorrespondencia con el método de los Elementos Finitos, para la determinación de los esfuerzosmáximos que surgen en la zona de unión entre las chimeneas de los ciclones secundarios y laCámara Plenum del Regenerador D-402, de la Refinería de Petróleo “Ñico López”. El conjunto semodeló utilizando el software ABAQUS, donde se aplicaron las cargas críticas que pueden aparecer,en condiciones reales de trabajo.Palabras claves: modelación por elementos finitos, diagnóstico resistencia ciclones, regenerador d-402._______________________________________________________________________________AbstractThe paper describe the way modeling techniques have been employed, according to FiniteElements Analysis, for determining maximum stresses appearing in secondary cyclones chimneysand Plenum Chamber union of D-402 Regenerator, located in “Ñico López” Petroleum Refinery.ABAQUS software was applied for modeling. Critical loads taking place on real conditions weresimulated.Key words: finite elements analysis, cyclones resistance diagnostics, regenerator d-402

Estudo sobre os elementos de uma interpretação invasiva na abordagem psicanalítica winnicottiana Estudio sobre los elementos de una interpretación invasiva en el abordaje psicoanalítico winnicottiano Study on the elements of an invasive interpretation in the Winnicott psychoanalytical approach

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Conceição Aparecida Serralha

2012-04-01

Full Text Available Partindo dos textos freudianos, este estudo reapresenta brevemente a técnica da interpretação em psicanálise e, baseando-se na obra de Winnicott, discute os elementos de uma interpretação sentida de forma invasiva pelo analisando. São identificados, nomeados e discutidos os elementos apontados por este autor: tempo, modo, graus de confiabilidade, objetividade e conhecimento, sendo ilustrados por alguns fragmentos de sessão de casos de Winnicott e de um caso da autora. O estudo evidencia a importância da capacidade de o analista se identificar com o analisando para interpretar, recebendo e entendendo a comunicação deste sobre a adequação de todos esses elementos ao seu caso.Partiendo de los textos freudianos, este estudio reapresenta brevemente la técnica de la interpretación en psicoanálisis y, basándose en la obra de Winnicott, discute los elementos de una interpretación sentida de forma invasiva por el analizando. Son identificados, nombrados y discutidos los elementos apuntados por este autor: tiempo, modo, grados de confiabilidad, objetividad y conocimiento, siendo ilustrados por algunos fragmentos de sesión de casos de Winnicott y de un caso de lo autor. El estudio evidencia la importancia de la capacidad de el analista identificarse con el analizando para interpretar, recibiendo y entendiendo la comunicación de este sobre la adecuación de todos esos elementos a su caso.From the Freudian texts, this study reintroduces briefly the technique of interpretation in psychoanalysis and, based on the Winnicott's works, discusses the elements of an interpretation felt invasive by the patient. The elements pointed out by this author and identified, named and discussed include: time, manner, degrees of trustworthiness, objectiveness and knowledge. They are illustrated with fragments of session of Winnicott's cases and one case of the author. The study highlights the importance of the analyst's capacity of identifying him

Synthesis of 2-acetamido-6-O-(5-acetamido-3,5-dideoxy-β-D-glycero-D-galacto-2-nonulo-pyranosylonic acid)-2-deoxy-D-glucose [2-acetamido-6-O-(N-acetyl-β-D-neuraminyl)-2-deoxy-D-glucose

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Vliegenthart, J.F.G.; Vleugel, D.J.M. van der; Zwikker, J.W.; Boeckel, S.A.A. van; Boom, J.H. van

1982-01-01

Silver triflate-promoted condensation of methyl 5-acetamido-4,7,8,9-tetra-O-acetyl-2-chloro-2,3,5-trideoxy-β-D-glycero-D-galacto -2-nonulopyranosonate (9) with benzyl-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-3,4-O-(1,1,3,3-tetraisopropyldisiloxane-1,3-diyl)-α-D-glucopyranoside, followed by removal of the

D3-??????????????????????? ? ???? ?????????? ?2 ?????? ?????? ?????

OpenAIRE

?????????, ????; ???????, ???????; ??????, ?????????; ?????????????, ????; ??????, ??????

2011-01-01

????? ?????? ??????? ????? ????? ??????????? ?????? ?????? ????? ? ?????? ? ???????? ????? ?????????. ?????????? ???????????? ?????? ?? ?2 ?????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?? D3 ???????????????? ??????? ??????????? ?????? ????????? ????? ?????????? ??? ??? ??????????. ? ????? ????????????? ??????????? ??? ????????? ????????????? ?????????? ???? ?????????? ?????????? ????? ????????? ?????? ???????? ?? D3-????????????????? ???????.

Elementos finitos con acciones repartidas equivalentes de cualquier orden. Aplicación a los modelos de vigas de Timoshenko y Bernoulli-Euler

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Romero, J. L.

2014-09-01

Full Text Available In the context of the Finite Element Method, two possible alternatives dealing with the concept of equivalent distributed load are presented in the paper. The first consist in using few finite elements, by slightly increasing the order of the load, while the second applies the use of a greater number of elements leaving the load in the lowest possible order. Both situations are sampled with application to the Timoshenko and Bernoulli-Euler beam models, with different orders of load are used. These equivalent distributed loads are the result of applying Legendre orthogonal polynomial approximations, to the original load, in each element. The most noteworthy conclusion is that when the least possible number of finite elements is used (i.e., one also for considering low level of regularity load cases only equivalent distributed loads of slightly higher than minimum order (four were needed to obtain an excellent approximation when computing the deflections, rotations, bending moments and shear forces inside the elements.En este trabajo se introducen, en el contexto del Método de Elementos Finitos, dos alternativas posibles en relación con el concepto de acción repartida equivalente. La primera consiste en emplear pocos elementos, elevando el orden de dicha acción, mientras que la segunda se basa en emplear un mayor número de elementos dejando la acción en el orden más bajo posible. Se ilustran ambas situaciones mediante aplicaciones a los modelos de vigas de Timoshenko y Bernoulli-Euler, empleando estas acciones con diferentes órdenes, las cuales aproximan a la acción original, mediante polinomios ortogonales de Legendre en cada elemento. Como conclusión destacable, se indica que cuando se considera el menor número posible de elementos, es decir uno, para los casos de carga poco regular, ha bastado con utilizar acciones repartidas equivalentes de orden ligeramente superior al mínimo (orden cuatro, para obtener una excelente aproximaci

El método de los elementos finitos para el cálculo de campos electrostáticos

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Francisco Román Campos

1982-09-01

Full Text Available EI Método de los Elementos Finitos se plantea como uno de los sistemas numéricos más apropiados para el cálculo de Campos Electrostáticos por su aplicación al estudio de geometrías cerradas en las que sus condiciones de Frontera son conocidas. En el presente artículo se comenta el empleo del Programa NASTRAN  basado en este método y del Programa TOPONET para la generación de la Red de Elementos Finitos. Los ejemplos que aquí aparecen fueron corridos en el Centro de Cómputo de la Universidad Fridericiana de Karlsruhe. Alemania Federal.

New evidence of cenozoic tectonism in the southeastern region of Brazil: the Barra de Sao Joao graben in Cabo Frio platform

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Mohriak, W.U.

1990-01-01

The western portion of the Campos Basin is limited by a hinge line that limits the deposition of pre-Aptian sediments in the offshore region. The Cabo Frio arch corresponds to a platform with smaller relative subsidence, where Tertiary sediments are deposited directly on shallow basement rocks. A conspicuous asymmetric graben occurs in the offshore region between Buzios and Macae. This rhomb-graben measures 20 km by 40 km, with the longer axis trending NE. The geological and geophysical characteristics of the Barra de Sao Joao graben supports a genetic affiliation with the onshore Taubate, Resende and Volta Redonda basins, rather than with the Campos Basin. The latter basin was formed in the Neocomian by rupturing of the Pangea, while the radiometric age determination of ankaramitic lavas near Volta Redonda suggests that the onshore basins were formed during the Eocene or Early Oligocene. A better understanding of the crustal geometry and the postulation of geodynamic models for these sedimentary basins will result from the integration of the onshore geology with the subsurface data presented in this paper. (author)

Mercadeo en educación: elementos para una propuesta pertinente

OpenAIRE

Contreras Gómez, María Consuelo del Pilar

2013-01-01

En la presente investigación se realizó una revisión y análisis crítico de los modelos actuales sobre mercadeo educativo y se plantea una propuesta sobre elementos diferentes que deben tenerse en cuenta para un proceso de mercadeo pertinente para el sector de la educación; dichos parámetros involucran la calidad educativa, la inclusión estudiantil, la aplicación de la ética y la dimensión humana de los estudiantes, como personas en quienes está focalizada la razón de ser de las instituciones ...

Aplicación móvil para dispositivos Apple® que utiliza elementos visuales para interactuar con una vivienda inteligente. Control de panel luminoso

OpenAIRE

Grupo de Domótica y Ambientes Inteligentes

2014-01-01

En los vídeos se muestra una aplicación móvil para dispositivos Apple® que utiliza elementos visuales para interactuar con una vivienda inteligente. La interfaz consiste en una representación de la vivienda real en 3D a través de la cual se puede controlar de manera intuitiva la iluminación, clima, persianas, TV, etc. En concreto, la interfaz permite interactuar con los dispositivos reales de la vivienda tocando su representación virtual en la interfaz. Debido a la sencillez en el uso de la m...

Análisis de pérdida de estabilidad no lineal de elementos estructurales sometidos a compresión.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

J. Wellesley-Bourke Funcasta

2007-01-01

Full Text Available En el presente artículo se muestra el análisis de perdida de estabilidad en elementos estructurales delgados bajo compresión. Se realiza la exposición de las consideraciones del análisis lineal y no lineal de perdida de estabilidad y se ejemplifica con una estructura modelada mediante elementos finitos, estableciéndose conclusiones interesantes.Presently paper deals with stability analysis in structural elements. The considerations of lineal and non lineal analysis of stability are exposed and it is exemplified with a finite element structure model, settling down interesting conclusions.

Algunos elementos de la programación concurrente en C++v11

OpenAIRE

Mazaeda Echevarría, Rogelio; de la Fuente López, Eusebio

2016-01-01

A partir de la versión 11 el lenguaje C++ introduce por primera vez características de programación concurrente mediante hilos, así como elementos de exclusión mutua y sincronización entre tareas. Aquí se hace un breve repaso de las características más destacadas apoyándonos en ejemplos. Departamento de Ingeniería de Sistemas y Automática

2D or Not 2D? Testing the Utility of 2D Vs. 3D Landmark Data in Geometric Morphometrics of the Sculpin Subfamily Oligocottinae (Pisces; Cottoidea).

Science.gov (United States)

Buser, Thaddaeus J; Sidlauskas, Brian L; Summers, Adam P

2018-05-01

We contrast 2D vs. 3D landmark-based geometric morphometrics in the fish subfamily Oligocottinae by using 3D landmarks from CT-generated models and comparing the morphospace of the 3D landmarks to one based on 2D landmarks from images. The 2D and 3D shape variables capture common patterns across taxa, such that the pairwise Procrustes distances among taxa correspond and the trends captured by principal component analysis are similar in the xy plane. We use the two sets of landmarks to test several ecomorphological hypotheses from the literature. Both 2D and 3D data reject the hypothesis that head shape correlates significantly with the depth at which a species is commonly found. However, in taxa where shape variation in the z-axis is high, the 2D shape variables show sufficiently strong distortion to influence the outcome of the hypothesis tests regarding the relationship between mouth size and feeding ecology. Only the 3D data support previous studies which showed that large mouth sizes correlate positively with high percentages of elusive prey in the diet. When used to test for morphological divergence, 3D data show no evidence of divergence, while 2D data show that one clade of oligocottines has diverged from all others. This clade shows the greatest degree of z-axis body depth within Oligocottinae, and we conclude that the inability of the 2D approach to capture this lateral body depth causes the incongruence between 2D and 3D analyses. Anat Rec, 301:806-818, 2018. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

O CARAMUJO AFRICANO EM CONTEXTO ESCOLAR: AS PERCEPÇÕES DE ESTUDANTES DO ENSINO FUNDAMENTAL E O ESTUDO DA HELMINTOFAUNA ASSOCIADA AO CARAMUJO EM BARRA DO PIRAÍ (RJ

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Zilene Moreira Pereira

2012-01-01

Full Text Available The study investigates elementary students’ perception of the species Achatina fulica (African snail and the risks this mollusc may pose to the population of Barra do Piraí – in the state of Rio de Janeiro. The research involved questionnaires, focus groups and field observations, besides A. fulica specimens parasitological analysis. The results indicated the presence of snails infected with nematodes of medical and veterinary interest in the locality. The students have a negative perception of the snail, and there is great difference between their perceptions and scientific knowledge. Based on the contributions of the perceptions study and of Meaningful Learning Theory, guidelines are suggested so that strategies for teaching the content regarding the African snail at school environment can be developed.

Lectures on 2D gravity and 2D string theory

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ginsparg, P.; Moore, G.

1992-01-01

This report the following topics: loops and states in conformal field theory; brief review of the Liouville theory; 2D Euclidean quantum gravity I: path integral approach; 2D Euclidean quantum gravity II: canonical approach; states in 2D string theory; matrix model technology I: method of orthogonal polynomials; matrix model technology II: loops on the lattice; matrix model technology III: free fermions from the lattice; loops and states in matrix model quantum gravity; loops and states in the C=1 matrix model; 6V model fermi sea dynamics and collective field theory; and string scattering in two spacetime dimensions

Uso de Plantas com Fins Medicinais no Município de Barra – BA

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Antonia Mirian Nogueira de Moura Guerra

2016-04-01

Full Text Available Este trabalho foi realizado no Assentamento de Reforma Agrária Sítio Novo, Barra–BA, objetivando conhecer as espécies medicinais e suas formas de uso adotadas pela população local. Entre Abril e Maio de 2015 foram realizadas entrevistas com aplicação de questionários estruturados. Todos os entrevistados fazem uso de plantas medicinais e cultivam alguma espécie em suas residências, usam as plantas por tradição familiar e por se tratar de um remédio natural  consomem principalmente quando estão doentes. Foram registradas 258 citações, nas quais foram relatadas a utilização de várias partes vegetais das 41 espécies, em 11 formas de preparo, com diferentes finalidades terapêuticas. As folhas e as cascas foram as partes mais utilizadas e os chás a principal forma de uso. As famílias Lamiaceae, Anacardiaceae, Myrtaceae e Rutaceae foram aquelas com maior representatividade e adoção medicinal. As espécies mais citadas foram a Cymbopogon citratus (Capim Santo – 15,5%, Lantana camara L. (Camará – 10,5%, Mentha sp.  (Hortelã Miúdo – 9,7%, Ocimum basilicum L. (Manjericão – 5,4% e Ruta graveolens L. (Arruda – 4,6% que corresponderam por 45,7% das citações. Entre as indicações terapêuticas citadas, destacam-se: doenças associadas ao sistema respiratório, indicações anti-inflamatórias, hipertensão, calmante e doenças associadas ao sistema digestivo. Nota-se que os moradores são detentores de um vasto conhecimento empírico relacionados à etnobotânica e as condições climáticas relacionadas ao manejo da flora da região e que o uso de plantas medicinais para fins terapêuticos é marcante, evidenciando que o uso popular de plantas medicinais está inserido significativamente nas esferas social e cultural dessa comunidade, o que assegurará a perpetuação dos costumes entre as próximas gerações.Use plants with medicinal purposes in Barra - BA MunicipalityAbstract: This work was carried out in the

HypGrid2D. A 2-d mesh generator

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Soerensen, N N

1998-03-01

The implementation of a hyperbolic mesh generation procedure, based on an equation for orthogonality and an equation for the cell face area is described. The method is fast, robust and gives meshes with good smoothness and orthogonality. The procedure is implemented in a program called HypGrid2D. The HypGrid2D program is capable of generating C-, O- and `H`-meshes for use in connection with the EllipSys2D Navier-Stokes solver. To illustrate the capabilities of the program, some test examples are shown. First a series of C-meshes are generated around a NACA-0012 airfoil. Secondly a series of O-meshes are generated around a NACA-65-418 airfoil. Finally `H`-meshes are generated over a Gaussian hill and a linear escarpment. (au)

2D-Driven 3D Object Detection in RGB-D Images

KAUST Repository

Lahoud, Jean; Ghanem, Bernard

2017-01-01

In this paper, we present a technique that places 3D bounding boxes around objects in an RGB-D scene. Our approach makes best use of the 2D information to quickly reduce the search space in 3D, benefiting from state-of-the-art 2D object detection

From 3 d duality to 2 d duality

Science.gov (United States)

Aharony, Ofer; Razamat, Shlomo S.; Willett, Brian

2017-11-01

In this paper we discuss 3 d N = 2 supersymmetric gauge theories and their IR dualities when they are compactified on a circle of radius r, and when we take the 2 d limit in which r → 0. The 2 d limit depends on how the mass parameters are scaled as r → 0, and often vacua become infinitely distant in the 2 d limit, leading to a direct sum of different 2 d theories. For generic mass parameters, when we take the same limit on both sides of a duality, we obtain 2 d dualities (between gauge theories and/or Landau-Ginzburg theories) that pass all the usual tests. However, when there are non-compact branches the discussion is subtle because the metric on the moduli space, which is not controlled by supersymmetry, plays an important role in the low-energy dynamics after compactification. Generally speaking, for IR dualities of gauge theories, we conjecture that dualities involving non-compact Higgs branches survive. On the other hand when there is a non-compact Coulomb branch on at least one side of the duality, the duality fails already when the 3 d theories are compactified on a circle. Using the valid reductions we reproduce many known 2 d IR dualities, giving further evidence for their validity, and we also find new 2 d dualities.

Air-assisted boom sprayer and spray deposition on bean plants Assistência de ar em barra de pulverização e a deposição da calda em feijoeiro

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Fernando Cesar Bauer

2003-01-01

Full Text Available The development of safe pesticide application techniques with low volume rates, frequency and spray drift, along with the need to obtain better control level of crop pest control levels, justify the air-assistance in boom sprayers. The aim of this research was to evaluate the spray deposition on bean plants with different nozzles and volume rates by air-assisted and non-assisted sprayers. A completely randomized experiment was carried out using copper oxide as a tracer (50% metalic copper for deposit evaluation. The artificial targets were fixed on the upper and under-side of the leaflets, at the top and lower third of the same plants under the spray boom. After application, targets were washed individually with an extracting solution of nitric acid (1.0 mol L-1. The tracer deposition on the artificial targets was quantified by atomic absorption spectrofotometry. The effects of air-assisted spray were not significant in relation to spray deposition 48 days after emergence of the bean plants.A possibilidade do desenvolvimento de técnicas de aplicação de produtos fitossanitários mais seguras, com menores volumes de calda, número de aplicações e deriva, aliados à necessidade de se obter melhores níveis de controle dos agentes nocivos às plantas cultivadas, justificam o uso da assistência de ar junto à barra de pulverização. Com o objetivo de avaliar a deposição da pulverização na cultura do feijoeiro (Phaseolus vulgaris, em presença e ausência da assistência de ar junto à barra de pulverização, com diferentes pontas de pulverização e volumes de calda, foi conduzido um experimento em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, utilizando-se como traçador o óxido cuproso. Alvos artificiais (papel filtro com 3 x 3 cm foram afixados nas superfícies adaxial e abaxial de folíolos posicionados nos terços superior e inferior de plantas, selecionadas ao acaso, distribuídas perpendicularmente ao deslocamento do pulverizador. Ap

Nitrate and trace elements in municipal and bottled water in Spain Nitrato y elementos traza en agua embotellada y municipal en España

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Nadia Espejo-Herrera

2013-04-01

Full Text Available Objectives: To describe levels of nitrate and trace elements in drinking water from the study areas of a multicase-control study of cancer in Spain (MCC-Spain. Methods: A total of 227 tap water samples were randomly collected from 67 municipalities in 11 provinces and the nine most frequently consumed bottled water brands were sampled to measure levels of nitrate, arsenic, nickel, chromium, cadmium, lead, selenium and zinc. Results: The median nitrate level was 4.2mg/l (rangeObjetivos: Determinar las concentraciones de nitrato y de elementos traza en el agua de consumo de las áreas del estudio Multicaso-Control de Cáncer en España (MCC-Spain. Métodos: Se tomaron al azar 227 muestras de agua municipal en 67 municipios de 11 provincias, y 9 muestras de las aguas embotelladas más consumidas, para cuantificar la cantidad presente de nitrato, arsénico, níquel, cromo, cadmio, plomo y zinc. Resultados: La mediana de las cifras de nitrato fue 4,2mg/l (rango<1-29,0, con similares resultados en municipios urbanos y rurales (p=0,86. Los elementos traza fueron incuantificables en el 94% de las muestras de agua municipal. Se observaron diferencias entre áreas para nitrato (p<0,001 y arsénico (p=0,03. Solo el nitrato fue cuantificable en el agua embotellada (rango 2,3-15,6mg/l. Conclusiones: La cantidad de nitrato en el agua municipal difiere entre regiones y es menor que el límite regulatorio en todas las muestras. Los elementos traza son mayormente incuantificables tanto en el agua municipal como en la embotellada.

Túneles varios urbanos: diseño, instalaciones y elementos de seguridad

OpenAIRE

Estupiñá Cano, Sergio F.

2002-01-01

El objetivo fundamental de este trabajo es el realizar un estudio de los elementos de seguridad y gestión básicos que se disponen o deberían disponerse en los túneles. El estudio se centra en túneles de tipo urbano, caracterizados por presentar elevados volumenes de tráfico, y en consecuencia de usuarios. La realización de esta solución como alternativa a la carretera a cielo abierto radica en que si se proyecta correctamente se obtienen una serie de ventajas como son la posibi...

Imagen y elementos no verbales en informaciones políticas televisivas

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

María Reyes Domínguez Lázaro

2009-12-01

Full Text Available Destaca la importancia de la imagen, del lenguaje y otros elementos no verbales que intervienen en la comunicación. De este modo no basta con el dominio exhaustivo de las palabras orales, sino de todas aquellas no manifiestas pero si evocadoras en la mente de los telespectadores. La sociedad del siglo XXI es la sociedad de la imagen, y como tal, debe ser considerada y tenida en cuenta en cualquier proceso comunicativo y, mucho más cuando se trata de la televisión.

Los elementos, las partes y el todo Reflexión sobre el papel de la “parte” en la composición formal de la arquitectura

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Juan Pablo Aschner Rosselli

2008-05-01

Full Text Available La arquitectura se compone de una serie de elementos y son invariablemente los mismos desde sus orígenes: puertas, ventanas, columnas, muros, escaleras, cubiertas y pisos. Si bien el número es limitado, cada elemento constituye en sí mismo un mundo de variaciones y al agruparse, puede conformar partes de una totalidad o la totalidad misma: la forma arquitectónica. Veremos como la existencia o no existencia de una escala intermedia o mediadora entre los elementos y la totalidad –la parte–, determina en modo considerable el resultado final al interior del objeto arquitectónico.

Código de barras del ADN y sus posibles aplicaciones en el campo de la Entomología DNA barcoding and its possible applications to the field of Entomology

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Analía A. Lanteri

2007-12-01

Full Text Available En este artículo se abordan algunos aspectos de la controversia sobre la iniciativa «Código de barras del ADN», y se hace hincapié en sus potenciales aplicaciones en Entomología. Esta iniciativa propone emplear información dentro de una misma región génica (gen mitocondrial de la Citocromo c Oxidasa I = COI, en todas las especies vivientes y con condiciones de secuenciación universalmente aceptadas y estandarizadas. En la actualidad, no pretende sustituir la taxonomía alfa y la filogenia sino agilizar las tareas de identificación, especialmente en el campo de la Biomedicina (identificación de patógenos, parásitos y vectores, el control de plagas (intercepción de especies invasoras, cualquiera sea su estado de desarrollo ontogenético y los estudios sobre conservación de la biodiversidad. Para arribar a una correcta delimitación de las especies biológicas es preciso contar con las secuencias de COI de numerosos individuos a lo largo de todo su rango geográfico y además, secuencias de genes nucleares e información morfológica y biológica detallada. Las «Unidades Evolutivas Significativas», identificadas sobre la base del «código de barras», podrían corresponder tanto a morfoespecies como a especies crípticas y a subespecies o linajes con diferentes preferencias de huéspedes. La integración del «código de barras del ADN», el trabajo de campo, las colecciones de museos y la investigación científica resultan imprescindibles para que esta herramienta redunde en avances significativos en el campo de la Sistemática Entomológica.This article deals with some of the most controversial issues of the DNA barcode initiative, focusing on its potential applications to Entomology. The barcoding proposes using information within the same gene region (Cytocrome c Oxidase I= COI mitochondrial gene, in all living species and under standard conditions of sequencing. At present, it does not attempt to replace alpha taxonomy or

Elementos de diferenciación social en el Bajo Aragón durante el Bronce final-Hierro I

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Andrés Álvarez García

2013-11-01

Full Text Available En el presente trabajo se abordan algunos de los aspectos que más interesan a la denominada Arqueología Social, el relativo a la configuración de las sociedades. Nos proponemos, tomando como base algunos elementos arqueológicos de la zona bajoaragonesa, realizar un intento de aproximación a la realidad de los grupos humanos del Bronce Final y Primer Hierro en esta comarca. No son muchos los elementos de referencia con que contamos por el momento pero algunos de ellos, elementos metálicos, enterramientos, casas, tamaño de los poblados, etc. resultan tremendamente sugestivo como para hacer este intento de acercamiento a los modelos de sociedad de esta zona.This paper analyzes one of the main aspects of the Social Archaeology: the societies configuration. Through some archaeological items found in the Bajo Aragón (Spain we propose an approach to the human societies who lived in this area at the end of Bronze Age and the beginning of Iron Age. Although the number of available items is nowadays very limited, some of them are meaningful enough metallic items, graves, houses, village sizes, . . .- to allow us to deduce how they lived and died.

Cocaine Inhibits Dopamine D2 Receptor Signaling via Sigma-1-D2 Receptor Heteromers

Science.gov (United States)

Navarro, Gemma; Moreno, Estefania; Bonaventura, Jordi; Brugarolas, Marc; Farré, Daniel; Aguinaga, David; Mallol, Josefa; Cortés, Antoni; Casadó, Vicent; Lluís, Carmen; Ferre, Sergi

2013-01-01

Under normal conditions the brain maintains a delicate balance between inputs of reward seeking controlled by neurons containing the D1-like family of dopamine receptors and inputs of aversion coming from neurons containing the D2-like family of dopamine receptors. Cocaine is able to subvert these balanced inputs by altering the cell signaling of these two pathways such that D1 reward seeking pathway dominates. Here, we provide an explanation at the cellular and biochemical level how cocaine may achieve this. Exploring the effect of cocaine on dopamine D2 receptors function, we present evidence of σ1 receptor molecular and functional interaction with dopamine D2 receptors. Using biophysical, biochemical, and cell biology approaches, we discovered that D2 receptors (the long isoform of the D2 receptor) can complex with σ1 receptors, a result that is specific to D2 receptors, as D3 and D4 receptors did not form heteromers. We demonstrate that the σ1-D2 receptor heteromers consist of higher order oligomers, are found in mouse striatum and that cocaine, by binding to σ1 -D2 receptor heteromers, inhibits downstream signaling in both cultured cells and in mouse striatum. In contrast, in striatum from σ1 knockout animals these complexes are not found and this inhibition is not seen. Taken together, these data illuminate the mechanism by which the initial exposure to cocaine can inhibit signaling via D2 receptor containing neurons, destabilizing the delicate signaling balance influencing drug seeking that emanates from the D1 and D2 receptor containing neurons in the brain. PMID:23637801

Total scattering cross-sections for the systems nH2 + nH2, pH2 + pH2, nD2 + nD2, oD2 + oD2 and HD + HD for relative energies below ten milli-electron volts

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Johnson, D.L.

1979-01-01

Relative total scattering cross sections for nH 2 + nH 2 , pH 2 + pH 2 , nD 2 + nD 2 , oD 2 + oD 2 , and HD + HD were measured with inclined nozzle beams derived from nozzle sources and intersecting at 21 0 . Both nozzles could be varied in temperature from 4.2K to 300K to provide the velocity range for the cross sections. The use of a parahydrogen converter allowed the measurement of the pH 2 + pH 2 and oD 2 + oD 2 cross sections. Cross sections for the H 2 + H 2 were measured over a relative velocity range of 200 m/s to 1450 m/s. The nH 2 + nH 2 results show an undulation in the velocity range between 350 m/s and 400 m/s that corresponds to a l = 3 orbiting resonance. Analysis of the pH 2 + pH 2 cross section indicates a l = 4 orbiting resonance near 586 m/s. This resonance has a peak energy of 1.79 meV and a measured energy width of 1.05 meV, both which agree well with theoretical predictions. The D 2 + D 2 cross sections have been measured in the velocity range between 190 m/s and 1000 m/s. No orbiting resonances have been observed, but in the oD 2 + oD 2 cross section a deep minimum between the l = 4 and the l = 5 resonances at low velocities is clearly suggested. Initial measurements of the HD + HD cross section suggests the presence of the l = 4 orbiting resonance near a relative velocity of 300 m/s. The experimental results for each system were normalized to the total cross sections, which were convoluted to account for experimental velocity and angular dispersions. Three different potentials were considered, but a chi-square fit of the data indicates that the Schaefer and Meyer potential, which has been theoretically obtained from first principles, provides the best overall description of the hydrogen systems in the low collisional energy range

Aplicación móvil para dispositivos Apple® que utiliza elementos visuales para interactuar con una vivienda inteligente. Control de iluminación

OpenAIRE

Grupo de Domótica y Ambientes Inteligentes

2014-01-01

En los vídeos se muestra una aplicación móvil para dispositivos Apple® que utiliza elementos visuales para interactuar con una vivienda inteligente. La interfaz consiste en una representación de la vivienda real en 3D a través de la cual se puede controlar de manera intuitiva la iluminación, clima, persianas, TV, etc. En concreto, la interfaz permite interactuar con los dispositivos reales de la vivienda tocando su representación virtual en la interfaz. Debido a la sencillez en el uso de la m...

Efeito de elementos tóxicos em função do lodo de esgoto na cultura do girassol

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Thomaz Figueiredo Lobo

2015-05-01

Full Text Available Normal 0 21 false false false PT-BR X-NONE X-NONE MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 A população dos centros urbanos está crescendo de uma forma muito rápida, tendo como conseqüência o aumento na produção de resíduos, ou seja, aumento na produção de lodo de esgoto. A maior preocupação para a utilização do lodo de esgoto na agricultura é o aumento da concentração de elementos tóxicos no solo. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o comportamento de metais pesados no solo, na planta e no grão do girassol em diferentes dosagens e manejo de lodo de esgoto. O experimento foi conduzido na Fazenda São Manuel pertencente a Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas da UNESP Campus de Botucatu. Adotou-se o delineamento experimental em blocos casualizados constituído por cinco tratamentos e cinco repetições. Os tratamentos foram: T1 – 50 kg ha-¹ de N da adubação mineral; T2 – 25 kg ha-¹ de N do lodo de esgoto e 25 kg ha-¹ de adubação mineral; T3 – 50 kg ha-¹ de N do lodo de esgoto; T4 – 75 kg ha-¹ de N do lodo de esgoto; T5 - 100 kg ha-¹ de N do lodo de esgoto. Não houve variação dos elementos tóxicos nos teores foliares, nas sementes e na exportação de nutrientes nas sementes. O lodo de esgoto não promoveu incremento nos teores de elementos tóxicos no solo até 40 cm de profundidade.

From 2D Lithography to 3D Patterning

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Van Zeijl, H.W.; Wei, J.; Shen, C.; Verhaar, T.M.; Sarro, P.M.

2010-01-01

Lithography as developed for IC device fabrication is a high volume high accuracy patterning technology with strong 2 dimensional (2D) characteristics. This 2D nature makes it a challenge to integrate this technology in a 3 dimensional (3D) manufacturing environment. This article addresses the

Identification of novel CYP2D7-2D6 hybrids: non-functional and functional variants

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Andrea Gaedigk

2010-10-01

Full Text Available Polymorphic expression of CYP2D6 contributes to the wide range of activity observed for this clinically important drug metabolizing enzyme. In this report we describe novel CYP2D7/2D6 hybrid genes encoding non-functional and functional CYP2D6 protein and a CYP2D7 variant that mimics a CYP2D7/2D6 hybrid gene. Five kb long PCR products encompassing the novel genes were entirely sequenced. A quantitative assay probing in different gene regions was employed to determine CYP2D6 and 2D7 copy number variations and the relative position of the hybrid genes within the locus was assessed by long-range PCR. In addition to the previously known CYP2D6*13 and *66 hybrids, we describe three novel non-functional CYP2D7-2D6 hybrids with gene switching in exon 2 (CYP2D6*79, intron 2 (CYP2D6*80 and intron 5 (CYP2D6*67. A CYP2D7-specific T-ins in exon 1 causes a detrimental frame shift. One subject revealed a CYP2D7 conversion in the 5’-flanking region of a CYP2D6*35 allele, was otherwise unaffected (designated CYP2D6*35B. Finally, three DNAs revealed a CYP2D7 gene with a CYP2D6-like region downstream of exon 9 (designated CYP2D7[REP6]. Quantitative copy number determination, sequence analyses and long-range PCR mapping were in agreement and excluded the presence of additional gene units. Undetected hybrid genes may cause over-estimation of CYP2D6 activity (CYP2D6*1/*1 vs *1/hybrid, etc, but may also cause results that may interfere with the genotype determination. Detection of hybrid events, ‘single’ and tandem, will contribute to more accurate phenotype prediction from genotype data.

Elementos para uma metapsicologia da interpretação em análise

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Lo Bianco Anna Carolina

1999-01-01

Full Text Available Examinando a base conceitual da obra freudiana sobre a interpretação-sonho (Traumdeutung, o trabalho procura caracterizar alguns elementos para uma metapsicologia da interpretação psicanalítica. Conclui que da mesma maneira que o sonho, a interpretação aponta para as vicissitudes do manejo da angústia, no sentido de facilitar as vias de expressão e mobilidade do desejo.

Preparation and luminescence properties of Eu2+-doped CaSi2O2-dN2+2/3d phosphors

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gu Yunxin; Zhang Qinghong; Wang Hongzhi; Li Yaogang

2009-01-01

Eu 2+ -doped CaSi 2 O 2-d N 2+2/3d phosphors for white LED lamps were prepared by solid-state reaction, and the effects of heat-treatment conditions and the overall composition of host lattice on the optical properties have been discussed. Eu 2+ -doped CaSi 2 O 2-d N 2+2/3d displayed a single broad emission band peak at 540 nm, which could be assigned to the allowed transition of Eu 2+ from the lowest crystal field component of 4f 6 5d to 4f 7 ground-state level. The excitation band of samples, extending from UV to blue, is extremely wide, so the phosphors are suitable for white LED lamps in combination with a UV or blue LED dies. The highest PL intensity is found for the sample sintered at 1400 0 C. Moreover, the emission intensity decreases when N partially replaces O. A red shift of emission wavelength did not occur with increasing of the N content.

Avaliação da acurácia de uma barra de luz utilizada na agricultura de precisão, em relação ao marcador de espuma Evaluation of the accuracy of a light bar used in precision farming compared to a foam marker

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Fábio H. R. Baio

2001-05-01

Full Text Available Alguns equipamentos utilizados na agricultura de precisão têm, por finalidade, a melhoria das condições operacionais. A barra de luz é um equipamento utilizado para a orientação de um veículo em faixas adjacentes, diminuindo a sobreposição da operação agrícola entre passadas consecutivas e otimizando a eficiência da aplicação agrícola. O presente trabalho teve por objetivo a determinação da acurácia da barra de luz em relação ao marcador de espuma e a verificação da adaptação dos operadores à nova tecnologia. Para tanto, foram realizados dois ensaios em locais distintos, com operadores diferentes e foram comparados os erros de sobreposição e falhas nas passadas adjacentes de um pulverizador automotriz. Ocorreu alta adaptação dos operadores à nova tecnologia, devido a uma facilidade operacional maior em relação ao marcador de espuma. Concluiu-se que o marcador de espuma pode ser substituído pela barra de luz na aplicação de defensivos agrícolas.Some equipments are used in precision farming to improve operational conditions. A light bar is an equipment used to guide a vehicle in adjacent bands, reducing the overlap of the parallel swathing and optimizing the efficiency of the agricultural application. The objective of this work was to determine the accuracy of a light bar compared to a foam marker, and to verify the adaptation of the operators to this new technology. Experiments were conducted at two different places with several operators. The overlap errors and missed applications in the parallel swathing system were compared for both systems. There was a high adaptability of the operators to the light bar since this system was easier to operate than the foam marker. It was concluded that the light bar for the application of agricultural chemicals could replace the foam marker.

D2-tree

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Brodal, Gerth Stølting; Sioutas, Spyros; Pantazos, Kostas

2015-01-01

We present a new overlay, called the Deterministic Decentralized tree (D2-tree). The D2-tree compares favorably to other overlays for the following reasons: (a) it provides matching and better complexities, which are deterministic for the supported operations; (b) the management of nodes (peers...

Hybridized Plasmons in 2D Nanoslits: From Graphene to Anisotropic 2D Materials

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Gonçalves, P. A. D.; Xiao, Sanshui; Peres, N. M. R.

2017-01-01

of arbitrary width, and remains valid irrespective of the 2D conductive material (e.g., doped graphene, 2D transition metal dichalcogenides, or phosphorene). We derive the dispersion relation of the hybrid modes of a 2D nanoslit along with the corresponding induced potential and electric field distributions...

2D/3D/4D ULTRASOUND IN INFERTILITY MANAGEMENT

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Uršula Reš-Muravec

2018-02-01

Ultrasound in infertility diagnostics: Ultrasound is used for examination of uterus, tubes, ovaries and peritoneal cause of infertility. It can be used in different menstrual phases: proliferative, periovulatory and secretory phase. Examination of uterus: A 2D scan can measure the size of the uterus (length, width and depth and a 2D flow (colour and power doppler. With 3D technology we can measure the whole volume with VOCAL (virtual organ computer-aided analysis and 3D circulation with the index (VI – vascular index, FI – flow index and VFI – vascular flow index in the uterus. A 2D scan can help us define uterine malformations, fibroids and adenomyosis to a certain extent. However, a 3D scan offers more accurate diagnosis of these malformations. Endometrium is examined separately. With 2D the width is measured and morphology and focal lesions (polyp, fibroids, adhesions are examined. With 3D the real sagital plane for the width measurement can be defined . We can measure the volume of endometrium and subendometrium and 3D circulation in endometrium and subendometrium. The FIS (f luid instlation sonography is very useful when examining the endometrium; saline or gel can be used for uterine instalation. We can measure and define the position of the structures in the endometrium more accurately when they are surrouned by saline or gel. We can view these structures with a surface view, similar to the one used for hysteroscopy. With this information we can explain the pathology to the patient and easily plan the surgical procedures. Examination of the tubes: With 2D US we can see the tubes in the pelvis only if there are dilatations, but sometimes it is difficult to distinguish them from the neighbouring forma- tions. With a 3D ultrasound we can define the shape and continuity of the tube and we can view the tube from different angles (inversion mode. Different contrast media are used for determining tubal patency. Tubal patency can be diagnosed with 2D Hy

Physical limit of stability in supercooled D2O and D2O+H2O mixtures

Science.gov (United States)

Kiselev, S. B.; Ely, J. F.

2003-01-01

The fluctuation theory of homogeneous nucleation was applied for calculating the physical boundary of metastable states, the kinetic spinodal, in supercooled D2O and D2O+H2O mixtures. The kinetic spinodal in our approach is completely determined by the surface tension and equation of state of the supercooled liquid. We developed a crossover equation of state for supercooled D2O, which predicts a second critical point of low density water-high density water equilibrium, CP2, and represents all available experimental data in supercooled D2O within experimental accuracy. Using Turnbull's expression for the surface tension we calculated with the crossover equation of state for supercooled D2O the kinetic spinodal, TKS, which lies below the homogeneous nucleation temperature, TH. We show that CP2 always lies inside in the so-called "nonthermodynamic habitat" and physically does not exist. However, the concept of a second "virtual" critical point is physical and very useful. Using this concept we have extended this approach to supercooled D2O+H2O mixtures. As an example, we consider here an equimolar D2O+H2O mixture in normal and supercooled states at atmospheric pressure, P=0.1 MPa.

Elementos de la soberanía y del tribunal penal internacional

OpenAIRE

Scalquette, Rodrigo Arnoni

2007-01-01

Com o título de Elementos da Soberania e do Tribunal Penal Internacional procuramos demonstrar a ligação e pontos conflitantes entre o poder soberano e a Corte Internacional Criminal. No capítulo I, abordamos o conceito de soberania e seu enfoque de concepção política, realizado por Jean Bodin. Vimos o Estado-Leviatã de Thomas Hobbes e a soberania inalienável e indivisível de Jean-Jacques Rousseau. A relação entre Umberto Campagnolo e seu professor, Hans Kelsen, também foi abordada, nota...

Arquitectura universitária : o campus como elemento arquitectónico

OpenAIRE

Martins, Luis Miguel Madruga, 1984-

2017-01-01

Dissertação de mestrado integrado em Arquitectura, Universidade Lusíada de Lisboa, 2017. Exame público realizado em 13 de Outubro de 2017. A presente investigação tem como objectivo estudar o campus universitário como elemento arquitectónico e urbanístico de modo a compreender, tanto a sua relevância histórica e social como o seu papel urbano dentro da cidade. Nesse sentido é essencial estudar o contexto histórico e social da origem da universidade e os modelos arquitectónicos que surgi...

2D molybdenum disulphide (2D-MoS2) modified electrodes explored towards the oxygen reduction reaction

Science.gov (United States)

Rowley-Neale, Samuel J.; Fearn, Jamie M.; Brownson, Dale A. C.; Smith, Graham C.; Ji, Xiaobo; Banks, Craig E.

2016-08-01

Two-dimensional molybdenum disulphide nanosheets (2D-MoS2) have proven to be an effective electrocatalyst, with particular attention being focused on their use towards increasing the efficiency of the reactions associated with hydrogen fuel cells. Whilst the majority of research has focused on the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction (HER), herein we explore the use of 2D-MoS2 as a potential electrocatalyst for the much less researched Oxygen Reduction Reaction (ORR). We stray from literature conventions and perform experiments in 0.1 M H2SO4 acidic electrolyte for the first time, evaluating the electrochemical performance of the ORR with 2D-MoS2 electrically wired/immobilised upon several carbon based electrodes (namely; Boron Doped Diamond (BDD), Edge Plane Pyrolytic Graphite (EPPG), Glassy Carbon (GC) and Screen-Printed Electrodes (SPE)) whilst exploring a range of 2D-MoS2 coverages/masses. Consequently, the findings of this study are highly applicable to real world fuel cell applications. We show that significant improvements in ORR activity can be achieved through the careful selection of the underlying/supporting carbon materials that electrically wire the 2D-MoS2 and utilisation of an optimal mass of 2D-MoS2. The ORR onset is observed to be reduced to ca. +0.10 V for EPPG, GC and SPEs at 2D-MoS2 (1524 ng cm-2 modification), which is far closer to Pt at +0.46 V compared to bare/unmodified EPPG, GC and SPE counterparts. This report is the first to demonstrate such beneficial electrochemical responses in acidic conditions using a 2D-MoS2 based electrocatalyst material on a carbon-based substrate (SPEs in this case). Investigation of the beneficial reaction mechanism reveals the ORR to occur via a 4 electron process in specific conditions; elsewhere a 2 electron process is observed. This work offers valuable insights for those wishing to design, fabricate and/or electrochemically test 2D-nanosheet materials towards the ORR.Two-dimensional molybdenum disulphide nanosheets

2D-Driven 3D Object Detection in RGB-D Images

KAUST Repository

Lahoud, Jean

2017-12-25

In this paper, we present a technique that places 3D bounding boxes around objects in an RGB-D scene. Our approach makes best use of the 2D information to quickly reduce the search space in 3D, benefiting from state-of-the-art 2D object detection techniques. We then use the 3D information to orient, place, and score bounding boxes around objects. We independently estimate the orientation for every object, using previous techniques that utilize normal information. Object locations and sizes in 3D are learned using a multilayer perceptron (MLP). In the final step, we refine our detections based on object class relations within a scene. When compared to state-of-the-art detection methods that operate almost entirely in the sparse 3D domain, extensive experiments on the well-known SUN RGB-D dataset [29] show that our proposed method is much faster (4.1s per image) in detecting 3D objects in RGB-D images and performs better (3 mAP higher) than the state-of-the-art method that is 4.7 times slower and comparably to the method that is two orders of magnitude slower. This work hints at the idea that 2D-driven object detection in 3D should be further explored, especially in cases where the 3D input is sparse.

Elementos para la evaluación de Programas de Desarrollo Profesional del Docente

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Pedro S. de VICENTE RODRÍGUEZ

2009-11-01

Full Text Available RESUMEN: En este artículo informamos los resultados de una investigación que pretendía: a detectar criterios considerados por el profesorado como esenciales para la construcción de sistemas de evaluación de programas de desarrollo profesional de los profesores, b reducir estos indicadores a un número finito de factores que los representen y c encontrar perfiles profesionales entre las personas que participan en programas formativos. Un cuestionario de indicadores para la evaluación de la formación permanente del profesorado fue aplicado a 460 profesores de educación infantil, educación primaria y educación secundaria obligatoria de centros concertados de la provincia de Granada. Los datos se sometieron a un análisis descriptivo (BMDP2D, otro factorial (BMDP4M y un cluster de sujetos (BMDPKM. Se han encontrado 131 indicadores apropiados para la evaluación de programas formativos y siete factores que, en opinión de los profesores consultados, son representativos de esos elementos o criterios considerados esenciales. Igualmente se han descubierto cuatro perfiles característicos de las personas que intervienen en los programas formativos: coordinadores de grupos de trabajo, ponentes, participantes en cursos formativos e integrantes de grupos de trabajo.ABSTRACT: In this article we report the results of an investigation which tried to: a detect criteria that teachers consider essential to shape evaluation sistems of teacher professional development programs, b reduce this indicators to finite number of factors that stand for it, and c find professional traits through the participants in teacher education programs. Four hundred and sixty teachers of nursery education, primary education, and secondary education, belonging to private schools of the province of Granada (Spain, were applied a questionnaire of indicators for teacher professional development program evaluation. Data were analyse using the Biomedical Computer Programmes: BMDP2

Técnica de modelagem numérica pelo método dos elementos finitos para estudo da resposta acústica veicular

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Tiago Simão Ferreira

2015-06-01

Full Text Available Este estudo aborda a técnica de modelagem da resposta acústica de um veículo automotor. Esta pesquisa discorre sobre a construção de modelos numéricos em elementos finitos para investigar o efeito da utilização de componentes móveis (capô, portas laterais e tampa do porta malas na resposta acústica de um veículo. Para tanto, foram construídos dois modelos: um que abrange a utilização de todos os componentes móveis, e outro, que substitui cada componente móvel por elementos unidimensionais (1D, contendo apenas a massa e a inércia que representa cada um destes componentes. A resposta obtida em cada uma das etapas da simulação numérica é comparada com os resultados experimentais, a fim de validar o procedimento e compreender a significância da utilização de um modelo numérico simplificado e assim, validar um modelo simplificado capaz de reproduzir computacionalmente e de forma satisfatória a resposta acústica de um veículo. A utilização do referido modelo simplificado possibilita a indústria automotiva realizar estudos sobre a performance acústica de um veículo de forma antecipada, uma vez que não necessita esperar o desenvolvimento destes componentes. Como investigado nesta pesquisa, a influência de componentes móveis sobre a resposta acústica do modelo numérico completo é pequena quando comparado à resposta obtida pelo modelo simplificado.  Por meio de uma segunda análise, “Participação de Painéis”, é visto que a contribuição na resposta acústica final dos componentes móveis somados é inferior a 3dB.Palavras-chave: Método dos Elementos Finitos. Análise Acústica. Participação de Painéis. Acústica Veicular.ABSTRACTNumerical modeling technique using the finite element method in vehicle acoustic response studyThis study examines a modeling technique of the acoustic response in automotive vehicle. This research focuses on the development of numerical models in finite elements that

Evaluación de técnicas no destructivas en elementos de concreto para puentes

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Ricardo Alfredo Cruz

2015-09-01

Full Text Available Se evaluaron las técnicas no destructivas de Velocidad de Pulso Ultrasónico (VPU, termografía infrarroja y martillo de rebote para su aplicación en elementos de puentes de concreto y para determinar su posible aplicación in situ. El estudio se desarrolló en dos etapas: diseño y elaboración de los elementos representativos de un puente de concreto y aplicación de los ensayos no destructivos sobre estos. La técnica de VPU mostró gran capacidad para evaluar la homogeneidad y calidad de la matriz de concreto, con baja sensibilidad para identificar los daños en los refuerzos. La termografía infrarroja permitió la identificación de delaminaciones ubicadas a profundidades de hasta el 50% del espesor de la losa evaluada. Con los resultados del martillo de rebote se estimó la resistencia a la compresión del concreto de las losas, cuyas lecturas obtenidas fueron afectadas por la presencia de agregado grueso.

Efeito da velocidade do ar em barra de pulverização na deposição de produtos fitossanitários em feijoeiro Efect of the air speed in air-assisted sprayer on bean crop pesticide spray deposition

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Carlos Gilberto Raetano

2003-01-01

Full Text Available Com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito da variação da velocidade do ar em barra de pulverização na deposição da calda na cultura do feijoeiro (Phaseolus vulgaris, realizou-se o experimento em 9 e 10 de outubro de 2000, no Centro de Pesquisas Agronômicas - Cyanamid, em Iracemápolis (SP, em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, aos 48 dias após a emergência (DAE. Para isso, convencionou-se que a rotação máxima do ventilador, medida com o auxílio de fototacômetro, possibilitou a obtenção da velocidade máxima do ar na barra de pulverização e, a partir daí, níveis de 50% e 75% da velocidade máxima do ar. Alvos artificiais foram fixados na superfície adaxial e na abaxial de folíolos posicionados, nos terços superior e inferior das plantas selecionadas, ao acaso, e distribuídas perpendicularmente ao deslocamento do pulverizador. O óxido cuproso (50% de cobre metálico foi o traçador utilizado em pulverização e a determinação quantitativa dos depósitos feita com o uso da espectrofotometria de absorção atômica. Os resultados sugerem que a variação da velocidade do ar na barra pulverizadora não influenciou sobre os níveis de depósitos no feijoeiro, aos 48 DAE, nas condições do presente trabalho.The aim of this research was to evaluate the effects of air speed in air-assisted sprayer on bean crop (Phaseolus vulgaris spray deposition. The experiment was carried out at 48 days after crop emergence and the experimental design was randomized. The maximum air speed in spray boom was obtained with the maximum of the fan rotation by a phototachometer. The middle and third air speed were obtained with lower fan rotation. The tracer used in the spray solution was copper oxid (50% of the metalic copper. It was measured by atomic spectrophotometry absorption equipment. The targets were fixed on the under and upper-side of the leaves, in the top and lower third of the same plant under the spray boom. The effects of variation

Single crystal EPR determination of the quantum energy level structure for Fe8 molecular clusters

Science.gov (United States)

Maccagnano, S.; Hill, S.; Negusse, E.; Lussier, A.; Mola, M. M.; Achey, R.; Dalal, N. S.

2001-05-01

Using a high sensitivity resonance cavity technique,^1 we are able to obtain high field/frequency (up to 9 tesla/210 GHz) EPR spectra for oriented single crystals of [Fe_8O_2(OH)_12(tacn)_6]Br_8.9H_2O (or Fe8 for short). Extrapolating the frequency dependence of transitions to zero-field (for any orientation of the field) allows us to directly, and accurately (to within 0.5 percent), determine the first five zero-field splittings, which are in reasonable agreement with recent inelastic neutron studies.^2 The dependence of these splittings on the applied field strength, and its orientation with respect to the crystal, enables us to identify (to within 1^o) the easy, intermediate and hard magnetic axes. Subsequent analysis of EPR spectra for field parallel to the easy axis yields a value of for gz which is appreciably different from the value assumed in a recent high field EPR study by Barra et al.^3 ^1 M.M. Mola, S. Hill, P. Goy, and M. Gross, Rev. Sci. Inst. 71, 186 (2000). ^2 R. Caciuffo, G. Amoretti, R. Sessoli, A. Caneschi, and D. Gatteschi, Phys. Rev. Lett. 81, 4744 (1998). ^3 A. L. Barra, D. Gatteschi, and R. Sessoli, cond?mat/0002386 (Feb, 2000).

Spatio-temporal variation of the pink shrimp Farfantepenaeus paulensis (Crustacea, Decapoda, Penaeidae associated to the seasonal overture of the sandbar in a subtropical lagoon Variação espaço-temporal do camarão rosa Farfantepenaeus paulensis (Crustacea, Decapoda, Penaeidae associado à abertura sazonal da barra de conexão com o mar em uma lagoa subtropical

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Nicolle C Ferreira

2009-12-01

pelos pescadores não são mais eficientes devido aos conflitos com o turismo e a gestão pública e ambiental. A dinâmica de abertura artificial e reestruturação natural do banco de areia no canal de contato da lagoa com o mar é considerada um problema socio-ecológico central no local. Neste estudo foi avaliada a variação na biomassa e abundância do F. paulensis ao longo do ano e em um gradiente espacial a partir do canal da barra e até o interior da lagoa. Foram realizadas coletas mensais de fevereiro de 2004 a fevereiro de 2005 com tarrafa de 27 mm de malha nas quatro lagoas que compõe a Lagoa de Ibiraquera, em três pontos em cada lagoa. Um número pequeno de grandes camarões foi significativamente (p < 0,05 capturado na área mais interna da lagoa, enquanto que maior biomassa e abundância de pequenos camarões foram observadas significativamente (p < 0,05 próximas à barra. Esses resultados sugerem que as áreas mais internas da lagoa funcionam como refúgio para o crescimento das espécies e mostram o papel do canal na migração dos camarões para dentro da lagoa. Os valores de biomassa e abundância foram significativamente (p < 0,05 maiores nos meses mais quentes, independentemente da barra estar aberta ou fechada. O estoque de camarão poderia aumentar caso houvesse uma abertura da barra durante o período natural de entrada de pós-larvas. Além disso, a abertura da barra durante o verão, associada a medidas de conservação das águas do canal da barra, pode implementar os estoques costeiros.

Desempenho na barra de tração de um trator agrícola de pneus, alimentado com misturas de óleo diesel e óleo de soja reutilizado

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Wagner da Cunha Siqueira

2013-12-01

Full Text Available O petróleo é a principal fonte de energia para motores de combustão interna, possibilitando sua transformação em energia mecânica. A dependência do petróleo conduz à necessidade de alternativas, mediante o cultivo de matérias-primas renováveis. Os problemas atuais são os custos dos biocombustíveis, que são maiores que dos derivados do petróleo, e o fato de que não existem muitos motores de combustão adequados ao uso de óleos vegetais. Em vista disso, são necessárias mais investigações quanto às técnicas de produção e de refino dos biocombustíveis e, ainda, à adequação de motores ao uso de óleos vegetais, para que estes possam ser uma alternativa viável. O objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar as diferentes misturas e avaliar o desempenho de um trator agrícola de pneus, utilizando misturas de óleo Diesel (OD com óleo de soja reutilizável (OSR. Primeiramente, foi realizado um estudo de densidade, viscosidade das misturas e comportamento da temperatura do OD no sistema de alimentação de combustível no motor. Após as análises, verificou-se, por meio de ensaios na barra de tração, o desempenho das misturas de OD e OSR. As principais conclusões deste trabalho foram: a densidade e viscosidade das misturas sofrem variações com o aumento da quantidade de OSR e com a variação da temperatura. Para as avaliações na barra de tração, os melhores resultados observados no rendimento do trator foram verificados com o aumento das percentagens de mistura (25% OSR, para carga N, 25, 75 e 100% OSR, para a quarta marcha, como carga, e 75 e 100% OSR, para a terceira, segunda e primeira marcha, como carga.

Wireless Device-to-Device (D2D) Links for Machine-to-Machine (M2M) Communication

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Pratas, Nuno; Popovski, Petar

2017-01-01

Device-to-Device (D2D) communications will play an important role in the fifth generation (5G) cellular networks, by increasing the spatial reuse of spectrum resources and enabling communication links with low latency. D2D is composed of two fundamental building blocks: proximity discovery...... and direct communication between nearby users. Another emerging trend in wireless cellular systems is Machine-to-Machine (M2M) communications, often characterized by fixed, low transmission rates. In this chapter we motivate the synergy between D2D and M2M, and present technologies that enable M2M-via-D2D...

Elementos para evaluar planes de estudio en la educación superior

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Leda María Roldán Santamaría

2005-01-01

Full Text Available Este artículo presenta los lineamientos para generar una propuesta de evaluación curricular de un plan de estudios en el ámbito de la educación universitaria. Identifica la importancia que tiene este proceso para la institución con el fin de analizar las debilidades y fortalezas, con miras a la toma de decisiones para su actualización. En la propuesta se responde el por qué y para qué se debe evaluar; los beneficios que los usuarios recibirán de esa actualización; la concreción de elementos del plan de estudios por evaluar; la definición de las variables que se aplicarán en la evaluación de los elementos externos e internos. Se proponen cuáles son los sectores sociales que deben involucrarse en dicha evaluación; se analiza el momento adecuado para realizar la evaluación y cada cuanto debe aplicarse, se establece un plan estratégico para aplicar la evaluación y se presentan las sugerencias de los usos que se le pueda dar a la información recopilada con la evaluación. Evaluar un plan de estudios permite descubrir las necesidades de cambio de los planes de estudio; el establecimiento de los lineamientos para su actualización y el tiempo en que se debe cumplir con la misma para que el plan no pierda vigencia

Elementos de cohesión urbana en escenarios metropolitanos: intersticios y corredores.

OpenAIRE

Bravo Rodríguez, Belén; Rivas Navarro, José Luis

2012-01-01

Póster presentado en la sesión dedicada a Ámbitos, Innovación y Calidad, en las IV Jornadas Internacionales sobre Investigación en Arquitectura y Urbanismo. El ámbito metropolitano, está constituido por fragmentos autónomos y yuxtapuestos. Es necesario evitar la fragmentación y la indeterminación del espacio colectivo generando una estructura que lo cohesione socialmente. Los intersticios y corredores son elementos estructurales pero también sensibles a los lugares pequeños o a las arqu...

Piezocomposites metal-cerámica como elementos activos en acelerómetros

OpenAIRE

Ochoa, Pilar; Villegas, Marina; Pons Rovira, José Luis; Fernández Lozano, José Francisco; Bengochea, M. A.

2002-01-01

[ES] Los materiales cerámicos piezoeléctricos presentan un número importante y en continuo aumento de aplicaciones. Entre éstas su utilización como elementos activos en el diseño de acelerómetros posibilita el control de vibraciones en la industria del transporte, aerospacial, robótica e ingeniería civil entre otras. Entre los múltiples diseños como material compuesto destaca, gracias a sus elevados coeficientes de carga efectivos, el denominado tipo címbalo. En este trabajo se compr...

Elementos cognitivos para el análisis ergonómico del trabajo

OpenAIRE

Castillo-Martínez, Juan A; Universidad del Rosario, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud. Grupo de Investigación Salud Cognición y Trabajo

2007-01-01

Esta nota de investigación presenta algunos de los elementos de base para el análisis de la actividad del trabajo desde la perspectiva de la ergonomía cognitiva. Para poder aproximarse a la relación existente entre los procesos cognitivos en el trabajo y la noción de ergonomía es necesario abordar inicialmente la definición de esta disciplina. El termino ergonomía, acuñado en 1940 por el psicólogo británico Hywel Murrell, (del Griego ergo: trabajo + nomos: ley, conocimiento)...

Conversion of 2-deoxy-D-ribose into 2-amino-5-(2-deoxy-beta-D-ribofuranosyl)pyridine, 2'-deoxypseudouridine, and other C-(2'-deoxyribonucleosides).

Science.gov (United States)

Reese, Colin B; Wu, Qinpei

2003-09-21

The synthesis of 2-amino-5-(2-deoxy-beta-D-ribofuranosyl)pyridine 2a, 2-amino-5-(2-deoxy-alpha-D-ribofuranosyl)-pyridine 23, 2-amino-5-(2-deoxy-beta-D-ribofuranosyl)-3-methylpyridine 2b, 2-amino-5-(2-deoxy-alpha-D-ribofuranosyl)-3-methylpyridine 29 and 5-(2-deoxy-beta-D-ribofuranosyl)-2,4-dioxopyrimidine [2'-deoxypseudouridine] 30a is described. These C-nucleosides are prepared either from 2-deoxy-3,5-O-(1,1,3,3-tetraisopropyldisiloxan-1,3-diyl)-D-ribofuranose 15 or from 2-deoxy-3,5-O-(1,1,3,3-tetraisopropyldisiloxan-1,3-diyl)-D-ribono-1,4-lactone 16, which are themselves prepared from 2-deoxy-D-ribose 13. The sugar derivatives are first allowed to react with the appropriate 5-lithio-pyridine or 5-lithio-pyrimidine derivatives, which are prepared from 5-bromo-2-(dibenzylamino)pyridine 12a, 5-bromo-2-[bis(4-methoxybenzyl)amino]pyridine 12b, 5-bromo-2-dibenzylamino-3-methylpyridine 25 and 5-bromo-2,4-bis(4-methoxybenzyloxy)pyrimidine 33. The products from the reactions between the lithio-derivatives and the lactol 15 are cyclized under Mitsunobu conditions; the products from the reactions between the lithio-derivatives and the lactone 16 are first reduced with L-Selectride before cyclization, also under Mitsunobu conditions. In all cases, the beta-anomers of the protected C-nucleosides are the predominant products. Finally, the separation of the alpha- and beta-anomers and the removal of all of the protecting groups are described.

Elementos obstaculizadores de las coordinaciones pedagógicas en liceos vulnerables de la Araucanía Chilena

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Juan Beltrán-Véliz

2015-01-01

Full Text Available En este artículo desarrollamos el siguiente objetivo: develardescriptivamente los elementos que obstaculizan las prácticas de las coordinaciones pedagógicasen liceos situados en contextos de vulnerabilidad social en la Araucanía. Planteamos un diseñocualitativo descriptivo, orientado con base en la teoría fundamentada y el método comparativoconstante. Los resultados develan que las prácticas de las coordinaciones pedagógicas estáncentradas en aspectos administrativos. Se evidencia la ausencia de competencias y de liderazgo.Finalmente, el desarrollo evaluativo no se centra en la continuidad y permanencia del proceso.Concluimos que la ausencia de liderazgo, de competencias de los JUTP, y el rol de estos centrado enuna “conducción técnica basada en el control”, son elementos que obstaculizan las prácticas de lascoordinaciones pedagógicas.

Laser-probing measurements and calculations of lifetimes of the 5d 2D3 at ∼sol∼ at 2 and 5d 2D5 at ∼sol∼ at 2 metastable levels in Ba II

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gurell, J.; Lundin, P.; Mannervik, S.; Royen, P.; Schef, P.; Biemont, E.; Quinet, P.; Blagoev, K.; Fivet, V.; Norlin, L.-O.; Rostohar, D.

2007-01-01

The two metastable levels 5d 2 D 3 at ∼sol∼ at 2 and 5d 2 D 5 at ∼sol∼ at 2 in Ba II both show extremely long lifetimes of the order of several tens of seconds each. This has been found both by experiments and by theoretical predictions. The small transition probabilities associated with these two levels make them interesting and challenging for theoreticians as well as for experimentalists. Several calculations and measurements of these two lifetimes have been made previously but discrepancies between the results are present. This article presents values of τ=89.4±15.6 s for the 2 D 3 at ∼sol∼ at 2 level and τ=32.0±4.6 s for the 2 D 5 at ∼sol∼ at 2 level measured in a beam-laser experiment performed at the ion storage ring CRYRING. These values are supported by our new calculations resulting in τ=82.0 s for the 2 D 3 at ∼sol∼ at 2 level and τ=31.6 s for the 2 D 5 at ∼sol∼ at 2 level

Control Methods Used in the Department of Metallurgy for Structure and Fuel Elements; Methodes de Controle Utilisees au Departement de Metallurgie pour les Elements de Structure et les Elements Combustibles; Metody kontrolya struktury toplivnykh ehlementov v departamente metallurgii; Metodos de Control Utilizados en el Departamento de Metalurgia para los Elementos Estructurales y Combustibles

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Destribats, Marie-Therese; Allain, C.; Prot, A.; Thome, P. [Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires de Saclay (France)

1965-09-15

reactores indujeron a utilizar y a perfeccionar numersos metodos no destructivos destinados a inspeccionar los distintos materiales que intervienen en la construccion de esos reactores; en particular radiografia y gamma- grafia, metodos ultrasonicos y empleo de corrientes de Foucault.. A continuacion se enumeran las operaciones de control llevadas a cabo durante la construccion de reactores pertenecientes a las familias EdF (grafito-gas) y EL 4 (agua pesada), y de elementos colaminados; se hace hincapie en ciertos aspectos caracteristicos de estos metodos, algunos de los cuales son ya bien conocidos. Familia EdF: metodos ultrasonicos para medir el espesor de las paredes de tubos de uranio o aleacion de uranio ; localizacion de las cavidades en esos tubos por gammagraffa; empleo de medios ultrasonicos para control de los tratamientos termicos a que se someten los tubos; empleo de procedimientos ultrasonicos para buscar fallas (inclusiones, grietas) en las palanquillas y barras con que se elaboran las vainas de Mg-Zr; control de la estanqueidad de los elementos mediante exudacion de helio. EL4: uso de metodos ultrasonicos y corrientes de Foucault para medir espesores de pared en tubos de Zircaloy, sean de fuerza o de guia; empleo de metodos ultrasonicos para inspeccionar tubos de fuerza de Zircaloy y vainas de acero inoxidable; radiografia al vacio de vainas de Be; control de la estanqueidad de barras huecas mediante exudacion de helio. Elementos colimados: medida del espesor de vainas mediante el empleo de corrientes de Foucault pulsadas; verificacion de la posicion del alma en tubos y placas mediante radiografia, recuento gamma y aplicacion de corrientes de Foucault pulsadas; control de la homogeneidad del combustible por recuento gamma; deteccion de defectos en barras de Zr-U mediante procedimientos ultrasonicos y gammagraficos; determinacion de las zonas despegadas en placas, empleando metodos ultrasonicos, corrientes de Foucault pulsadas y medicion de resistividad. Estos

2D-hahmoanimaation toteuttamistekniikat

OpenAIRE

Smolander, Aku

2009-01-01

Opinnäytetyössä tutkitaan erilaisia 2D-hahmoanimaation toteuttamistekniikoita. Aluksi luodaan yleiskatsaus animoinnin historiaan ja tekniikoihin piirtämisestä mallintamiseen. Alkukatsauksen jälkeen tutkitaan 2D-hahmon suunnittelua ja liikkeitä koskevia sääntöjä. Hahmoanimaation liikkeissä huomionarvoisia asioita ovat muun muassa ajastus, liioittelu, ennakointi ja painovoima. Seuraavaksi perehdytään itse 2D-hahmoanimaation toteuttamistekniikoihin. Tavoitteena on selvittää, tutkia ja vertailla ...

Elementos de la identidad social urbana del casco histórico de Maracaibo, desde la perspectiva de las entidades de gestión

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Raymundo Alberto Portillo Ríos

2014-01-01

Full Text Available La identidad social urbana hace alusión a aquellos elementos culturales, geográficos y sociales que posibilitan que una región se diferencie de otra, es memoria colectiva, labor compartida por toda la sociedad. El presente estudio busca distinguir los elementos que conforman la identidad social urbana del casco histórico de Maracaibo, desde la perspectiva de las entidades de gestión; la importancia de esta investigación descriptiva y aplicada, radica en los aportes que hace el estudio de la identidad al desarrollo de la colectividad, ya que reconociéndola, las ciudades potencian sus rasgos más característicos. Por los resultados obtenidos la identidad social urbana del casco histórico de Maracaibo, se distingue por el elemento religioso, histórico y patrimonial; ya que estos aspectos refuerzan la vivencia y la experiencia de la memoria urbana, compartida y transmitida de generación en generación.

Realización computacional en tres dimensiones del Método de los Elementos de Contorno en la teoría de la Elasticidad // Three dimension computational realization of the Method of the Contour elements in the Elasticity theory.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

I. L. Alemán Romero

2000-03-01

Full Text Available En este trabajo se muestra la realización computacional en tres dimensiones del Método de los Elementos de Contorno en laTeoría de la Elasticidad Lineal, para medio homogéneo e isotrópico considerando el efecto de las cargas másicas.La realización computacional del método radica en discretizar el contorno mediante elementos en los que losdesplazamientos y las tracciones se suponen variando de acuerdo a funciones de interpolación. Aplicando el “método decolocación” se obtiene un sistema de ecuaciones lineales que aporta la solución en el contorno, a partir de la cual se puedeobtener la solución en cualquier punto de la región de definición del problema.En el presente trabajo se consideran elementos triangulares, se emplea interpolación lineal, se utiliza la transformación acoordenadas homogéneas y se muestran los algoritmos que conducen al ensamblaje del sistema de ecuaciones que aporta lasolución en el contorno.Palabras claves: Elementos de Contorno(MEC, BEM, realización computacional, elementos triangulares.______________________________________________________________________________AbstractIn this work is shown the computational formulation in three dimensions of the Boundary Element Method in 3D Elastostaticfor isotropic, homogeneous and linear material considering the effect of body forces.The computational formulation of the method is based on the discretization of the boundary into elements over whichdisplacements and tractions are expressed in terms of interpolation functions. Applying the collocation method a system oflineal equations is obtained that brings the solution on the boundary, from which the solution in any point of the definitionregion of the problem can be obtained.In the present work triangular elements are considered, lineal interpolation is employed, the transformation to homogenealcoordinates is used and it is shown the algorithms that guide to the assembling of the equations system that

Elementos mediadores de la felicidad y el bienestar subjetivo en hombres y mujeres

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Rozzana Sánchez Aragón

2011-12-01

Full Text Available La felicidad se identifica como una emoción básica y como una de las principales metas humanas que acompañan al ser humano por su travesía en la vida. La presente investigación se propuso explorar las diferencias sexuales y las relaciones entre elementos mediadores de la felicidad (cultura, recursos personales, auto-monitoreo, procesos de regulación emocional y el bienestar subjetivo con la pareja, la familia, los amigos, el trabajo, el autoconcepto y las necesidades básicas. Se trabajó con una muestra no probabilística de N = 203 estudiantes universitarios de la Ciudad de México quienes en forma voluntaria respondieron a una batería de pruebas de ejecución, máxima y típica, validada previamente. Los resultados muestran la supremacía de las mujeres en las habilidades emocionales así como en la expresión emocional, mientras lo que predominó en los hombres fue el ejercicio de estrategias de control emocional. Asimismo, se encontraron mayor cantidad de relaciones y estos eran más fuertes entre los elementos mediadores de la felicidad con el bienestar subjetivo de las mujeres en su relación de pareja y autoconcepto, mientras que en los hombres se refleja en su relación con los amigos, principalmente.

Sistemas de identificación por radiofrecuencia, código de barras y su relación con la gestión de la cadena de suministro

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Alexander Correa Espinal

2010-07-01

Full Text Available El articulo muestra, a través del análisis de libros, artículos científicos y algunos estudios existentes, el estado del arte y la relación entre los sistemas de identificación (código de barras y radiofrecuencia y la gestión de la cadena de suministro, en aplicaciones significativas a nivel mundial y de Colombia. Para ello, se compilan conceptos generales de los sistemas de identificación presentando sus definiciones, componentes de hardware/software, aplicaciones en la cadena de suministro y el uso que grandes, medianas y pequeñas empresas le otorgan. El estudio pone en evidencia la importancia que estas tecnologías tienen para mejorar el desempeño y la trazabilidad, simplificar operaciones, reducir costos y agilizar los flujos de información en la cadena de suministro.

Calculation of the electromagnetic fields in electric machines through the use of the finite element. Algorithms for the solution of induction problems. Pt. 3; Calculo de campos electromagneticos en maquinas electricas mediante elemento finito. Algoritmos para la solucion de problemas de induccion. Pt. 3

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Rosales, Mario F [Instituto de Investigaciones Electricas, Cuernavaca (Mexico)

1988-12-31

This article is based in the electromagnetic modeling presented in the first part of the series for the indirect solution of partial differential equations. Magnetic systems in closed regions with moving or axial symmetry, whose total current density is partially known (induction problems) are considered. Includes the ability to deal with means in movement and a sinusoidal behavior for the source density current is assumed. Some algorithms are developed that are implanted in the software CALIIE-2D of the Instituto de Investigaciones Electricas (IIE) to obtain the numerical solutions of these problems. The basic systems of algebraic equations are obtained through the application of the Galerkin method in the discreteness of the finite element with first order triangular elements. [Espanol] Este articulo se basa en la modelacion electromagnetica presentada en la primera parte de la serie y en el planteamiento proporcionado en la segunda parte para la solucion indirecta de ecuaciones diferenciales parciales. Se consideran sistemas magneticos en regiones cerradas con simetria traslacional o axial, cuya densidad de corriente total es parcialmente conocida (problemas de induccion). Incluye la capacidad para tratar medios con movimiento y se supone un comportamiento senoidal para la densidad de corriente fuente. Se desarrollan los algoritmos que se implantan en el programa de computo CALIIE-2D del Instituto de Investigaciones Electricas (IIE) para obtener las soluciones numericas de estos problemas. Los sistemas basicos de ecuaciones algebraicas se obtienen mediante la aplicacion del metodo de Galerkin en la discretizacion de elemento finito con elementos triangulares de primer orden.

3-D Whole-Core Transport Calculation with 3D/2D Rotational Plane Slicing Method

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Yoo, Han Jong; Cho, Nam Zin [Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon (Korea, Republic of)

2014-10-15

Use of the method of characteristics (MOC) is very popular due to its capability of heterogeneous geometry treatment and widely used for 2-D core calculation, but direct extension of MOC to 3-D core is not so attractive due to huge calculational cost. 2-D/1-D fusion method was very successful for 3-D calculation of current generation reactor types (highly heterogeneous in radial direction but piece-wise homogeneous in axial direction). In this paper, 2-D MOC concept is extended to 3-D core calculation with little modification of an existing 2-D MOC code. The key idea is to suppose 3-D geometry as a set of many 2-D planes like a phone-directory book. Dividing 3-D structure into a large number of 2-D planes and solving each plane with a simple 2-D SN transport method would give the solution of a 3-D structure. This method was developed independently at KAIST but it is found that this concept is similar with that of 'plane tracing' in the MCCG-3D code. The method developed was tested on the 3-D C5G7 OECD/NEA benchmark problem and compared with the 2-D/1-D fusion method. Results show that the proposed method is worth investigating further. A new approach to 3-D whole-core transport calculation is described and tested. By slicing 3-D structure along characteristic planes and solving each 2-D plane problem, we can get 3-D solution. The numerical test results indicate that the new method is comparable with the 2D/1D fusion method and outperforms other existing methods. But more fair comparison should be done in similar discretization level.

Application of 2D Non-Graphene Materials and 2D Oxide Nanostructures for Biosensing Technology

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Kateryna Shavanova

2016-02-01

Full Text Available The discovery of graphene and its unique properties has inspired researchers to try to invent other two-dimensional (2D materials. After considerable research effort, a distinct “beyond graphene” domain has been established, comprising the library of non-graphene 2D materials. It is significant that some 2D non-graphene materials possess solid advantages over their predecessor, such as having a direct band gap, and therefore are highly promising for a number of applications. These applications are not limited to nano- and opto-electronics, but have a strong potential in biosensing technologies, as one example. However, since most of the 2D non-graphene materials have been newly discovered, most of the research efforts are concentrated on material synthesis and the investigation of the properties of the material. Applications of 2D non-graphene materials are still at the embryonic stage, and the integration of 2D non-graphene materials into devices is scarcely reported. However, in recent years, numerous reports have blossomed about 2D material-based biosensors, evidencing the growing potential of 2D non-graphene materials for biosensing applications. This review highlights the recent progress in research on the potential of using 2D non-graphene materials and similar oxide nanostructures for different types of biosensors (optical and electrochemical. A wide range of biological targets, such as glucose, dopamine, cortisol, DNA, IgG, bisphenol, ascorbic acid, cytochrome and estradiol, has been reported to be successfully detected by biosensors with transducers made of 2D non-graphene materials.

Applications of 2D to 3D conversion for educational purposes

Science.gov (United States)

Koido, Yoshihisa; Morikawa, Hiroyuki; Shiraishi, Saki; Takeuchi, Soya; Maruyama, Wataru; Nakagori, Toshio; Hirakata, Masataka; Shinkai, Hirohisa; Kawai, Takashi

2013-03-01

There are three main approaches creating stereoscopic S3D content: stereo filming using two cameras, stereo rendering of 3D computer graphics, and 2D to S3D conversion by adding binocular information to 2D material images. Although manual "off-line" conversion can control the amount of parallax flexibly, 2D material images are converted according to monocular information in most cases, and the flexibility of 2D to S3D conversion has not been exploited. If the depth is expressed flexibly, comprehensions and interests from converted S3D contents are anticipated to be differed from those from 2D. Therefore, in this study we created new S3D content for education by applying 2D to S3D conversion. For surgical education, we created S3D surgical operation content under a surgeon using a partial 2D to S3D conversion technique which was expected to concentrate viewers' attention on significant areas. And for art education, we converted Ukiyoe prints; traditional Japanese artworks made from a woodcut. The conversion of this content, which has little depth information, into S3D, is expected to produce different cognitive processes from those evoked by 2D content, e.g., the excitation of interest, and the understanding of spatial information. In addition, the effects of the representation of these contents were investigated.

Analysis of ν2 of D 2S

Science.gov (United States)

Gillis, James R.; Blatherwick, Ronald D.; Bonomo, Francis S.

1985-11-01

The infrared spectrum of ν2 of D 2S was recorded from 740 to 1100 cm -1 on the University of Denver 50-cm FTIR spectrometer system. We have assigned 655 transitions from D 232S and 129 from D 234S, and have analyzed them using Watson's A-reduced Hamiltonian evaluated in the I r representation. We used the recently published D 232S and D 234S ground state Hamiltonian constants [C. Camy-Peyret, J. M. Flaud, L. Lechuga-Fossat and J. W. C. Johns, J. Mol. Spectrosc.109, 300-333 (1985)]. Upper state Hamiltonian constants were obtained from a fit of the ν2 transitions, keeping the ground state constants fixed while varying the upper state constants. The standard deviation of the D 232S ν2 fit is 0.0025 cm -1. The standard deviation of the D 234S ν2 fit is 0.0041 cm -1.

Elementos obstaculizadores de las coordinaciones pedagógicas en liceos vulnerables de la Araucanía Chilena

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Juan Beltrán-Véliz, Chile

2015-07-01

Full Text Available (descriptivo: En este artículo desarrollamos el siguiente objetivo: develar descriptivamente los elementos que obstaculizan las prácticas de las coordinaciones pedagógicas en liceos situados en contextos de vulnerabilidad social en la Araucanía. Planteamos un diseño cualitativo descriptivo, orientado con base en la teoría fundamentada y el método comparativo constante. Los resultados develan que las prácticas de las coordinaciones pedagógicas están centradas en aspectos administrativos. Se evidencia la ausencia de competencias y de liderazgo. Finalmente, el desarrollo evaluativo no se centra en la continuidad y permanencia del proceso. Concluimos que la ausencia de liderazgo, de competencias de los JUTP, y el rol de estos centrado en una “conducción técnica basada en el control”, son elementos que obstaculizan las prácticas de las coordinaciones pedagógicas.

Posibilidades del método de elementos finitos y partículas (PFEM) en problemas de erosión de suelos granulares

OpenAIRE

Rodríguez Prat, Francisco

2013-01-01

El fenómeno de erosión es un tema de vital importancia en el ámbito de la ingeniería civil, especialmente en ingeniería de ríos. En este trabajo se analizan las posibilidades del método de elementos finitos y partículas (PFEM) para abordar este tipo de problemas. El PFEM es una variante del método de elementos finitos clásico (FEM); se ha empezado a utilizar principalmente para modelizar el movimiento de fluidos. El programa que se ha utilizado es el Pflow, desarrollado en C...

Comunicaciones y nuevas tecnologías: elementos claves para enfrentar la crisis paradigmática universitaria

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Douglas Romero

2000-05-01

Full Text Available Este trabajo tiene por finalidad estudiar la necesidad vital de la incorporación de las nuevas tecnologías de la información y la comunicación como elementos fundamentales para enfrentar con éxito los nuevos paradigmas que exige el modelo de universidad contemporánea. Para lograr este objetivo la metodología utilizada para el abordaje del objeto de estudio ha sido la de una investigación de carácter documental, que ha incluido una amplia revisión bibliográfica. Esta investigación ofrece como reflexión final que la alta gerencia universitaria solo podrá enfrentar con éxito el proceso de cambio paradigmático universitario, en la medida en que asimile que las tecnologías de la información y comunicación son elementos claves de un proceso de transformación necesario conducentes al logro de uno de los valores fundamentales de la universidad como lo es la excelencia.

1H NMR study of 2-deoxy-D-arabino-hexopyranose (2-deoxy-glucopyranose), 2-deoxy-D-lyxo-hexopyranose (2-deoxy-galactopyranose) and 2'-deoxy lactose

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bruyn, A. de; Anteunis, M.

1975-01-01

Complete analyses of the 1 H n.m.r. spectra at 300 MHz of D 2 O solutions of 2-deoxy-D-arabino-hexopyranose, 2-deoxy-D-lyxo-hexopyranose and 2'-deoxy lactose. Chemical shifts in the deoxy monosaccharides and in 2'-deoxy lactose. Chemical shifts in the deoxy monosaccharides and in 2'-deoxy lactose are compared with those previously obtained in the parent aldeohexopyranoses, glucobioses and D-galactopyranosol-D-glucoses. Increment values are suggested in order to predict chemical shifts in 2-deoxy derivatives from the well known rules for aldohexopyranoses. (author)

Para una crítica de investigaciones académicas y periodísticas sobre la violencia en el fútbol, a partir de La doce, la verdadera historia de la barra brava de Boca : Grabia, Gustavo. Sudamericana, Buenos Aires, 2009

OpenAIRE

Sodo, Juan Manuel

2010-01-01

Prosa atrapante, reconstrucción de datos seria y rigurosidad informativa mediante, este sesudo trabajo de Grabia, a lo largo de cinco minuciosos capítulos y casi 250 páginas, nos ofrece una exhaustiva cartografía de la red de relaciones que La 12 ha ido tejiendo con dirigentes, punteros políticos, policía, jueces, futbolistas, empresarios, candidatos a elecciones, directores técnicos, hinchas famosos, otras barras... a lo largo de su convulsionada historia, desde que esta hinchada aparece y e...

Pressão de aplicação com pulverizador de barra e eficiência de bioinseticidas fúngicos comerciais Application pressure in boom sprayer and efficiency of commercial fungal bioinsecticides

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Cesar de Oliveira Guimarães

2004-12-01

Full Text Available Bioinseticidas fúngicos são aplicados com pulverizadores convencionais e algumas características destes equipamentos podem não ser adequadas e afetar a eficiência dos bioinseticidas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar se pressões usuais, em aplicações com o pulverizador de barra, podem afetar a ação inseticida de conídios de Beauveria bassiana e Metarhizium anisopliae, componentes de produtos comerciais brasileiros. Para isso, suspensões aquosas de três bioinseticidas foram submetidas à passagem pelo equipamento em três pressões (20, 40 e 60 lbf pol-2 e avaliadas quanto ao rompimento, à viabilidade e à virulência dos conídios. Avaliou-se a viabilidade em lâminas de microscopia cobertas com meio de cultura, após incubação a 26±0,5ºC e fotoperíodo de 12 horas. A concentração foi determinada por meio de contagens em câmara de Neubauer e a virulência foi avaliada para lagartas de Diatraea saccharalis. Não foram encontradas, nos três produtos, influências significativas em nenhum dos parâmetros. Nas pressões avaliadas, a aplicação com o pulverizador de barra não reduz a viabilidade e nem a virulência dos conídios dos bioinseticidas testados, tampouco provoca destruição dos conídios.Fungal biopesticides are applied with conventional sprayers and this equipment may be inappropriate, and therefore affect field control efficacy of biopesticides. The objective of this research was to find out if the usual pressures used in the boom sprayers can affect the conidia pesticide activity of the Brazilian commercial entomopathogenic fungi Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae. Water fungi suspensions were passed through the equipment under three pressures (20, 40 and 60 psi and evaluated for viability, virulence and conidia disruption. The viability was evaluated in slides covered by culture media after incubation at 26±0.5ºC and 12 hours photophase. The concentration was determined through Neubauer

Measurement of the hyperfine structure of the 31D2, 41D2, 51D2 levels of helium 3

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lemery, H.; Hamel, J.; Barrat, J.-P.

1981-01-01

It is well known that, in a discharge in 3 He, the nuclear spins in the ground state can be oriented through metastability exchange, by optical pumping of the metastable 2 3 S 1 atoms. The orientation is transmitted to the other levels excited in the discharge. If the nuclear spins in the ground state are submitted to magnetic resonance, the light emitted from these excited states is modulated at the R.F. field frequency. The degree of modulation is important only near a level crossing, in zero field or in non-zero field. This method has been used to determine the hyperfine structure of the 3 1 D 2 , 4 1 D 2 , 5 1 D 2 levels. The results are in good agreement with those of previous measurements and with theoretical predictions [fr

Emulación de elementos de networking interactuando con máquinas virtuales

OpenAIRE

Binker, Carlos; Pére, Alejandro; Buranits, Guillermo; Zurdo, Eliseo

2016-01-01

En este trabajo se pretende mostrar la emulación de elementos de networking tales como switches y routers interactuando con máquinas virtuales que emplean sistemas operativos diversos como ser Windows, Mac OS X, Linux en diferentes distribuciones, etc. A tal efecto se emplea una plataforma de software libre denominada GNS3 (Graphical Simulator Network 3). Después de hacer un análisis más pormenorizado de dicha plataforma con sus programas asociados se mostrará un ejemplo de laboratorio en don...

El Método de Elementos Finitos en la Valoración de Opciones

OpenAIRE

Sanz Herranz, Héctor

2016-01-01

En este trabajo se expone una introducción a los conceptos propios de la teoría de valoración de derivados financieros prestando especial atención a las opciones. Asimismo, se presenta el método de los elementos finitos para la resolución de ecuaciones en derivadas parciales justificando su uso desde el marco teórico. Finalmente, se muestran sendos algoritmos del método en algunos problemas de valoración de derivados financieros. Grado en Matemáticas

Elementos de política de gestión en Henry Mintzberg

OpenAIRE

García-Álvarez, S. (Santiago); García-Martínez, A.N. (Alejandro Néstor); Múgica, F. (Fernando)

2016-01-01

El trabajo de investigación consistió en estudiar un buen número de los escritos de Henry Mintzberg y prácticamente todas sus obras relacionadas con los elementos de política de gestión: no únicamente los libros, sino numerosos artículos y textos relacionados. He leído también muchos libros y artículos de otros autores de management, como Drucker, Collins, Kotter, Pfeffer, Peters y varios más, para enriquecer el texto y contrastar posturas. He estudiado con particular interés y detenimiento l...

2D to 3D transition of polymeric carbon nitride nanosheets

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Chamorro-Posada, Pedro [Dpto. de Teoría de la Señal y Comunicaciones e IT, Universidad de Valladolid, ETSI Telecomunicación, Paseo Belén 15, 47011 Valladolid (Spain); Vázquez-Cabo, José [Dpto. de Teoría de la Señal y Comunicaciones, Universidad de Vigo, ETSI Telecomunicación, Lagoas Marcosende s/n, Vigo (Spain); Sánchez-Arévalo, Francisco M. [Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales (IIM), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apdo. Postal 70–360, Cd. Universitaria, México D.F. 04510 (Mexico); Martín-Ramos, Pablo [Dpto. de Teoría de la Señal y Comunicaciones e IT, Universidad de Valladolid, ETSI Telecomunicación, Paseo Belén 15, 47011 Valladolid (Spain); Laboratorio de Materiales Avanzados (Advanced Materials Laboratory) ETSIIAA, Universidad de Valladolid, Avenida de Madrid 44, 34004 Palencia (Spain); Martín-Gil, Jesús; Navas-Gracia, Luis M. [Laboratorio de Materiales Avanzados (Advanced Materials Laboratory) ETSIIAA, Universidad de Valladolid, Avenida de Madrid 44, 34004 Palencia (Spain); Dante, Roberto C., E-mail: rcdante@yahoo.com [Laboratorio de Materiales Avanzados (Advanced Materials Laboratory) ETSIIAA, Universidad de Valladolid, Avenida de Madrid 44, 34004 Palencia (Spain)

2014-11-15

The transition from a prevalent turbostratic arrangement with low planar interactions (2D) to an array of polymeric carbon nitride nanosheets with stronger interplanar interactions (3D), occurring for samples treated above 650 °C, was detected by terahertz-time domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS). The simulated 3D material made of stacks of shifted quasi planar sheets composed of zigzagged polymer ribbons, delivered a XRD simulated pattern in relatively good agreement with the experimental one. The 2D to 3D transition was also supported by the simulation of THz-TDS spectra obtained from quantum chemistry calculations, in which the same broad bands around 2 THz and 1.5 THz were found for 2D and 3D arrays, respectively. This transition was also in accordance with the tightening of the interplanar distance probably due to an interplanar π bond contribution, as evidenced also by a broad absorption around 2.6 eV in the UV–vis spectrum, which appeared in the sample treated at 650 °C, and increased in the sample treated at 700 °C. The band gap was calculated for 1D and 2D cases. The value of 3.374 eV for the 2D case is, within the model accuracy and precision, in a relative good agreement with the value of 3.055 eV obtained from the experimental results. - Graphical abstract: 2D lattice mode vibrations and structural changes correlated with the so called “2D to 3D transition”. - Highlights: • A 2D to 3D transition has been detected for polymeric carbon nitride. • THz-TDS allowed us to discover and detect the 2D to 3D transition of polymeric carbon nitride. • We propose a structure for polymeric carbon nitride confirming it with THz-TDS.

2D to 3D transition of polymeric carbon nitride nanosheets

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Chamorro-Posada, Pedro; Vázquez-Cabo, José; Sánchez-Arévalo, Francisco M.; Martín-Ramos, Pablo; Martín-Gil, Jesús; Navas-Gracia, Luis M.; Dante, Roberto C.

2014-01-01

The transition from a prevalent turbostratic arrangement with low planar interactions (2D) to an array of polymeric carbon nitride nanosheets with stronger interplanar interactions (3D), occurring for samples treated above 650 °C, was detected by terahertz-time domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS). The simulated 3D material made of stacks of shifted quasi planar sheets composed of zigzagged polymer ribbons, delivered a XRD simulated pattern in relatively good agreement with the experimental one. The 2D to 3D transition was also supported by the simulation of THz-TDS spectra obtained from quantum chemistry calculations, in which the same broad bands around 2 THz and 1.5 THz were found for 2D and 3D arrays, respectively. This transition was also in accordance with the tightening of the interplanar distance probably due to an interplanar π bond contribution, as evidenced also by a broad absorption around 2.6 eV in the UV–vis spectrum, which appeared in the sample treated at 650 °C, and increased in the sample treated at 700 °C. The band gap was calculated for 1D and 2D cases. The value of 3.374 eV for the 2D case is, within the model accuracy and precision, in a relative good agreement with the value of 3.055 eV obtained from the experimental results. - Graphical abstract: 2D lattice mode vibrations and structural changes correlated with the so called “2D to 3D transition”. - Highlights: • A 2D to 3D transition has been detected for polymeric carbon nitride. • THz-TDS allowed us to discover and detect the 2D to 3D transition of polymeric carbon nitride. • We propose a structure for polymeric carbon nitride confirming it with THz-TDS

Effect of 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 on 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25-(OH)2D3] metabolism in vitamin D-deficient rats infused with 1,25-(OH)2D3

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Yamato, H.; Matsumoto, T.; Fukumoto, S.; Ikeda, K.; Ishizuka, S.; Ogata, E.

1989-01-01

Previous studies revealed that administration of 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [24,25-(OH)2D3] to calcium (Ca)-deficient rats causes a dose-dependent reduction in markedly elevated serum 1,25-(OH)2D3 level. Although the results suggested that the metabolism of 1,25-(OH)2D3 was accelerated by 24,25-(OH)2D3, those experiments could not define whether the enhanced metabolism of 1,25-(OH)2D3 played a role in the reduction in the serum 1,25-(OH)2D3 level. In the present study, in order to address this issue more specifically, serum 1,25-(OH)2D3 was maintained solely by exogenous administration through miniosmotic pumps of 1,25-(OH)2D3 into vitamin D-deficient rats. Thus, by measuring the serum 1,25-(OH)2D3 concentration, the effect of 24,25-(OH)2D3 on the MCR of 1,25-(OH)2D3 could be examined. Administration of 24,25-(OH)2D3 caused a dose-dependent enhancement in the MCR of 1,25-(OH)2D3, and 1 microgram/100 g rat.day 24,25-(OH)2D3, which elevated serum 24,25-(OH)2D3 to 8.6 +/- 1.3 ng/ml, significantly increased MCR and suppressed serum levels of 1,25-(OH)2D3. The effect of 24,25-(OH)2D3 on 1,25-(OH)2D3 metabolism developed with a rapid time course, and the recovery of iv injected [1 beta-3H]1,25-(OH)2D3 in blood was significantly reduced within 1 h. In addition, there was an increase in radioactivity in the water-soluble fraction of serum as well as in urine, suggesting that 1,25-(OH)2D3 is rapidly degraded to a water-soluble metabolite(s). Furthermore, the reduction in serum 1,25-(OH)2D3 was associated with a reduction in both serum and urinary Ca levels. Because the conversion of [3H]24,25-(OH)2D3 to [3H]1,24,25-(OH)2D3 or other metabolites was minimal in these rats, 24,25-(OH)2D3 appears to act without being converted into other metabolites. These results demonstrate that 24,25-(OH)2D3 rapidly stimulates the metabolism of 1,25-(OH)2D3 and reduces its serum level

REPRESENTAÇÃO GRÁFICA DOS ELEMENTOS DO CLIMA: ESTUDO COMPARATIVO ENTRE MARINGÁ, PR E BOTUCATU, SP

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Emerson Galvani

2006-12-01

Full Text Available A representação gráfica de quaisquer variáveis apresenta uma dupla finalidade: a primeira relacionada à sua variação no tempo e no espaço, e a segunda ao seu caráter didático. Os elementos do clima, como temperatura do ar e do solo, umidade relativa do ar, radiação solar global (direta e difusa, saldo de radiação (onda curta e onda longa, direção e velocidade do vento, pressão atmosférica, índice de chuvas e demais componentes derivados destes, evidenciam ao longo dos dias, dos meses e dos anos uma determinada curva característica que representa as condições de tempo e clima de determinada região. O que diferencia essa ou aquela localidade em termos climáticos é a amplitude da variação desses elementos no tempo e no espaço. Por exemplo, a curva diária dos níveis de radiação solar global em superfície em duas distintas localidades, situadas em diferentes latitudes, é idêntica, e o que as diferencia é a amplitude dos valores máximos e a energia total integrada ao longo do dia e do ano. O objetivo do presente trabalho é apresentar curvas instantâneas dos principais elementos do clima mostrando sua variação instantânea, diária e sazonal para as condições climáticas de Botucatu,SP e Maringá,PR, Brasil.

LA EXPERIMENTACIÓN SONORA COMO ELEMENTO EDUCATIVO. UNA PROPUESTA PARA EL FOMENTO DE LA LECTURA

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Alberto González Pérez

2014-04-01

Full Text Available El siguiente escrito pretende ser un primer acercamiento a la relación que puede tener el sonido y el fomento de la lectura. Mucho se ha escrito sobre el tema del fomento a la lectura, de los hábitos lectores y qué textos son considerados materiales de lectura. Sin embargo, el fracaso de diversos proyectos se debe a una concepción errónea y limitado que tenemos del término lectura, ya que comúnmente encerramos esa expresión a una interacción con los libros de texto, todo lo que no entra en ese estándar no es considerado como “material para leer”. De ahí que un primer paso sea ampliar la noción de lectura para incorporar otros elementos. Es así como nace la inquietud por pensar el sonido como un elemento que tiene la potencialidad de ampliar nuestra visión de la lectura.PALABRAS CLAVE: fomento de la lectura; experimentación sonora; elemento educativoTHE SOUND EXPERIMENTATION AS EDUCATIONAL ELEMENT. A PROPOSAL FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE READING ABSTRACTThe following one written it seeks to be a first approach to the relationship that can have the sound and the development of the reading. A lot it has been written on the topic from the development to the reading, of the habits readers and what texts reading materials are considered. However, the failure of diverse projects is due since commonly to an erroneous and limited conception that we have of the term reading, we contain that expression to an interaction with the text books, all that doesn't enter in that standard is not considered as "material to read". With the result that a first step is to enlarge the reading notion to incorporate other elements. It is as well as the restlessness is born to think the sound like an element that has the potentiality of enlarging our vision of the reading.KEYWORDS: foment of the reading; sound experimentation; educational element

Determinacion del N y P en abonos organicos mediante la tecnica del elemento faltante y un bioensayo microbiano

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Eduardo Salas

2001-01-01

Full Text Available Mediante la tecnica del elemento faltante en ferinvernadero y el uso de un bioensayo microbiano se determin6 la disponibilidad de N y P en 6 sus- greenhoutratos: suelo s6lo 0 en mezcla 9: 1 con diversos abo- nos organicos, a saber: pollinaza (CM, compost (C, bocashi (B, vermicompost (V 0 broza de ca- determife (Br. En ambos bioensayos y para cada sustrato se realiz6 un experimento factorial 2x2 (fertiliza- ci6n con P y N; las combinaciones resultantes fue- ron: +P, +N, +P+N y -P-N (testigo. En el bioensa- yo microbiano se utiliz6 un diseno de bloques al azar con 6 repeticiones y se midi6 el crecimiento microde la biomasa microbiana nativa (BM 2 dias des- pues de aplicar el tratamiento e incubar con gluco- sa. En la prueba de invernadero se utiliz6 un dise- no completamente al azar con 4 repeticiones, se utiliz6 sorgo (Sorghum vulgare como planta indi- cadora. Se midi6 el peso seco de la parte aerea de lasplantas a los 34 dias de la siembra (PS y el con- tenido foliar de nutrimentos. Ambos bioensayos in- sordicaron respuesta del suelo a la aplicaci6n de P y N. La mezcla del suelo con un 10% de CM, CoB mostraron los valores mas altos de BM y PS. La mezcla suelo:CM no respondi6 a ningun tratamien- to qufmico, mientras que en mezcla con el C 0 el B respondi6 a la aplicaci6n de N pero no al P. Con el Vola Br se obtuvo las menores respuestas de las variables y hubo respuesta ala adici6n de P y N. La tecnica del elemento faltante de invernadero

Análise da taxa de impermeabilização e tempo de concentração nas sub-bacias da área urbana de Barra do Garças – MT, Pontal do Araguaia – MT e Aragarças – GO

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

G. B. M. Rezende

2015-12-01

Full Text Available A presente pesquisa objetivou verificar as taxas de impermeabilização e tempo de concentração das sub-bacias presentes na área urbana de Barra do Garças – MT, Pontal do Araguaia – MT e Aragarças – GO. Tais variáveis podem auxiliar no ordenamento territorial da expansão urbana, bem como no planejamento urbano dessas cidades. Os resultados demonstraram que nas áreas já urbanizadas, o grau de impermeabilização e tempo de concentração das sub-bacias apresentaram  níveis considerados “médios e altos”, o que é preocupante, devido a relação dessas variáreis ao crescimento das vazões e volume escoado, e, consequentemente, aumento da frequência de inundações. Medidas não-estruturais, como legislação de uso do solo, com regras e incentivo para aumento de áreas permeáveis em lotes, bem como implantação de soluções alternativas de drenagem urbana que promovam o retardamento das águas pluviais, são soluções que podem ser implementadas na área em estudo.Analysis of the waterproofing rate and time of concentration in urban sub-basins of Barra do Garças – MT, Pontal do Araguaia – MT e Aragarças – GOAbstract: This study aimed to verify the waterproofing rates and time of concentration of these sub-basins present in the urban area of Barra do Garças – MT, Pontal do Araguaia – MT e Aragarças – GO. Such variables can assist in land use of urban expansion and the urban planning of these cities. The results demonstrated that in urban areas already, the degree of waterproofing and time of concentration of the sub-basins presented levels considered "medium and high", which is worrying, because the relationship of these variables to the growth of flows and runoff, and, consequently, increased frequency of floods. Non-structural measures such as land use legislation, with rules and incentive to increase permeable areas on lots, and implementation of alternative solutions to urban drainage that promote the

MODELACIÓN DE ELEMENTOS TRAZA EN EL HORIZONTE A DE SUELOS, PLANCHA 170 (VÉLEZ, DEPARTAMENTOS DE SANTANDER Y BOYACÁ

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LUIS HERNÁN SÁNCHEZ

2008-01-01

Full Text Available En este estudio, se analizó la distribución espacial de varios metales potencialmente tóxicos o peligrosos (EPP en suelos de la plancha 170 (Vélez. Se empleó una metodología de muestreo de baja densidad y se tomaron muestras de suelos del horizonte A, que fueron analizadas para 48 elementos químicos, usando plasma acoplado a masas y activación neutrónica. Los primeros tres componentes representan el 88% de la variabilidad total de los datos, identificándose las siguientes asociaciones: CP1= V-Sb-Mo-Cr-Ni-Zn-Cu-U, la cual representa el 73% de la varianza, incluye el mayor número de elementos y puede estar relacionado con la presencia de lodolitas y areniscas ricas en uranio y otros metales. El segundo componente principal CP2 = Ni-Zn-Cu podría representar la presencia de depósitos con sulfuros y por último CP3 = Mo-V-Ni-Sb-Cr indicaría una asociación natural derivada de shales que acumulan estos metales. Aplicando técnicas geoestadísticas se generó el mapa krigeado para el primer componente principal (CP1.

Etnografía acelerada para transformar normas sociales sobre género y sexualidad en hombres puertorriqueños heterosexuales1,2

Science.gov (United States)

Ortiz-Torres, Blanca; Rivera-Ortiz, Rafael J.; Mendoza, Sigrid

2014-01-01

Resumen La construcción de roles de género dominantes contribuyen al riesgo de contraer VIH, y por tal razón se ha urgido a que se integren las normas sociales relativas al género en las intervenciones preventivas del VIH. Este estudio pretende adaptar y desarrollar una intervención que facilite la transformación de normas sociales del género y de prácticas sexuales en hombres puertorriqueños. La intervención propone transformar normas sociales relacionadas al género y sexualidad en barras comunitarias utilizando el modelo de líderes de opinión. Luego de ser elegidos/as, los/as líderes de opinión diseminan mensajes integrando la importancia de relaciones equitativas entre parejas para la prevención del VIH. La primera fase de esta intervención es discutida en este artículo, la cual incluye un proceso de etnografía acelerada para identificar los escenarios comunitarios en los que podemos desarrollar esta intervención y permitirnos entender la cultura de las barras comunitarias. A partir de las observaciones etnográficas, pudimos: desarrollar un protocolo de seguridad para realizar las observaciones, desarrollar un perfil de la cultura de las barras, elegir las barras a participar en las dos condiciones del estudio y adaptar los instrumentos de la intervención para que respondieran a la particularidad de los/as participantes. PMID:25530828

Methane Provenance Determined by CH2D2 and 13CH3D Abundances

Science.gov (United States)

Kohl, I. E.; Giunta, T.; Warr, O.; Ash, J. L.; Ruffine, L.; Sherwood Lollar, B.; Young, E. D.

2017-12-01

Determining the provenance of naturally occurring methane gases is of major interest to energy companies and atmospheric climate modelers, among others. Bulk isotopic compositions and other geochemical tracers sometimes fail to provide definitive determinations of sources of methane due to complications from mixing and complicated chemical pathways of origin. Recent measurements of doubly-substituted isotopologues of methane, CH2D2 (UCLA) and 13CH3D (UCLA, CalTech, and MIT) have allowed for major improvements in sourcing natural methane gases. Early work has focused on formation temperatures obtained when the relative abundances of both doubly-substituted mass-18 species are consistent with internal equilibrium. When methane gases do not plot on the thermodynamic equilibrium curve in D12CH2D2 vs D13CH3D space, temperatures determined from D13CH3D values alone are usually spurious, even when appearing reasonable. We find that the equilibrium case is actually rare and almost exclusive to thermogenic gases produced at temperatures exceeding 100°C. All other relevant methane production processes appear to generate gases that are not in isotopologue-temperature equilibrium. When gases show departures from equilibrium as determined by the relationship between CH2D2 and 13CH3D abundances, data fall within empirically defined fields representing formation pathways. These fields are thus far consistent between different geological settings and and between lab experiments and natural samples. We have now defined fields for thermogenic gas production, microbial methanogenesis, low temperature abiotic (Sabatier) synthesis and higher temperature FTT synthesis. The majority of our natural methane data can be explained by mixing between end members originating within these production fields. Mixing can appear complex, resulting in both hyper-clumped and anti-clumped isotopologue abundances. In systems where mixtures dominate and end-members are difficult to sample, mixing models

Dopamine D/sub 2/ and D/sub 1/ receptors: biochemical characterization

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Niznik, H B

1986-01-01

In order to label dopamine D/sub 2/ receptors reversibly and selectively the potent substituted benzamide neuroleptic, YM-09151-2, was tritium labeled and its binding characteristics to striatal homogenates investigated. (/sup 3/H) YM-09151-2 bound to D/sub 2/ receptors with high affinity in a specific, saturable, reversible and sodium dependent fashion, displaying an appropriate pharmacological D/sub 2/ receptor profile. (/sup 3/H) YM-09151-2 appears to be the ligand of choice for labeling D/sub 2/ receptors since it displays approximately 20-fold lower affinity for serotonergic S/sub 2/ receptors than does (/sup 3/H) spiperone. As an initial step towards the molecular identification of the ligand binding subunit of the striatal D/sub 2/ receptor, photolabile analogues of the substituted benzamide clebopride were synthesized and their reversible and irreversible binding interactions to D/sub 2/ receptors characterized. D/sub 2/ receptor photoinactivation was prevented in a concentration and stereoselective manner by dopaminergic agonists and antagonists. In vivo biodistribution studies with (/sup 125/I) iodoazidoclebopride confirmed the ligand's ability to bind to D/sub 2/ receptor-rich regions and as such, may become a useful tool for the molecular characterization of D/sub 2/ receptor proteins. Digitonin solubilized striatal dopamine D/sub 2/ and D/sub 1/ receptors can be completely separated with full retention of biological activity by steric exclusion High Pressure Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) with corresponding Stokes radii of 7.1 and 5.6 nm.

2D non-separable linear canonical transform (2D-NS-LCT) based cryptography

Science.gov (United States)

Zhao, Liang; Muniraj, Inbarasan; Healy, John J.; Malallah, Ra'ed; Cui, Xiao-Guang; Ryle, James P.; Sheridan, John T.

2017-05-01

The 2D non-separable linear canonical transform (2D-NS-LCT) can describe a variety of paraxial optical systems. Digital algorithms to numerically evaluate the 2D-NS-LCTs are not only important in modeling the light field propagations but also of interest in various signal processing based applications, for instance optical encryption. Therefore, in this paper, for the first time, a 2D-NS-LCT based optical Double-random- Phase-Encryption (DRPE) system is proposed which offers encrypting information in multiple degrees of freedom. Compared with the traditional systems, i.e. (i) Fourier transform (FT); (ii) Fresnel transform (FST); (iii) Fractional Fourier transform (FRT); and (iv) Linear Canonical transform (LCT), based DRPE systems, the proposed system is more secure and robust as it encrypts the data with more degrees of freedom with an augmented key-space.

New and convenient synthesis of 2-deoxy-D-ribose from 2,4-O-ethylidene-D-erythrose

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hauske, J.R.; Rapoport, H.

1979-01-01

A new synthesis is described of 2-deoxy-D-erythro-pentose (2-deoxy-D-ribose,2-deoxy-D-arabinose (1)), starting from D-glucose. The synthesis proceeds through direct olefination of 2,4-O-ethylidene-D-erythrose (2) by addition of the stabilized ylides generated from dimethylphosphorylmethyl phenyl sulfide (4) and the corresponding sulfoxide 5. These afford the key intermediates, thio-enol ether 7 and ..cap alpha..,..beta..-unsaturated sulfoxide 8, which when subjected to mercuric ion assisted hydrolysis gave high yields of 2-deoxy-D-ribose (1). This facile chain extension of 2 required its existance as a monomer, and conditions effective for obtaining the monomer have been developed. Detailed /sup 1/H and /sup 13/C NMR studies of these compounds are presented.

Vitamin D(3) is more potent than vitamin D(2) in humans.

Science.gov (United States)

Heaney, Robert P; Recker, Robert R; Grote, James; Horst, Ronald L; Armas, Laura A G

2011-03-01

Current unitage for the calciferols suggests that equimolar quantities of vitamins D(2) (D2) and D(3) (D3) are biologically equivalent. Published studies yield mixed results. The aim of the study was to compare the potencies of D2 and D3. The trial used a single-blind, randomized design in 33 healthy adults. Calciferols were dosed at 50,000 IU/wk for 12 wk. Principal outcome variables were area under the curve for incremental total 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] and change in calciferol content of sc fat. Incremental mean (sd) 25(OH)D area under the curve at 12 wk was 1366 ng · d/ml (516) for the D2-treated group and 2136 (606) for the D3 (P < 0.001). Mean (sd) steady-state 25(OH)D increments showed similar differences: 24 ng/ml for D2 (10.3) and 45 ng/ml (16.2) for D3 (P <0.001). Subcutaneous fat content of D2 rose by 50 μg/kg in the D2-treated group, and D3 content rose by 104 μg/kg in the D3-treated group. Total calciferol in fat rose by only 33 ng/kg in the D2-treated, whereas it rose by 104 μg/kg in the D3-treated group. Extrapolating to total body fat D3, storage amounted to just 17% of the administered dose. D3 is approximately 87% more potent in raising and maintaining serum 25(OH)D concentrations and produces 2- to 3-fold greater storage of vitamin D than does equimolar D2. For neither was there evidence of sequestration in fat, as had been postulated for doses in this range. Given its greater potency and lower cost, D3 should be the preferred treatment option when correcting vitamin D deficiency.

Low bioaccessibility of vitamin D2 from yeast-fortified bread compared to crystalline D2 bread and D3 from fluid milks.

Science.gov (United States)

Lipkie, Tristan E; Ferruzzi, Mario G; Weaver, Connie M

2016-11-09

The assessment of the efficacy of dietary and supplemental vitamin D tends to be confounded by differences in the serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D response between vitamin D 2 and vitamin D 3 . Serum response differences from these vitamers may be due to differences in bioavailability. To address this specifically, the bioaccessibility was assessed for vitamin D 2 from breads fortified with UV-treated yeast, and a benchmark against staple vitamin D 3 fortified foods including bovine milks and infant formula, as well as crystalline vitamin D 2 fortified bread. Fortified foods were subjected to a three-stage static in vitro digestion model, and vitamin D was analyzed by HPLC-MS. Vitamin D bioaccessibility was significantly greater from bovine milks and infant formula (71-85%) than from yeast-fortified sandwich breads (6-7%). Bioaccessibility was not different between whole wheat and white wheat bread (p > 0.05), but was ∼4× lower from yeast-fortified bread than from crystalline vitamin D 2 fortified bread (p yeast cells were observed in the digesta of yeast fortified bread. These results indicate that the low bioavailability of yeast D 2 in comparison to other vitamin D 2 sources is likely due to entrapment within a less digestible yeast matrix and not only to metabolic differences between vitamins D 2 and D 3 .

Biokinetic Analysis and Metabolic Fate of 2,4-D in 2,4-D-Resistant Soybean (Glycine max).

Science.gov (United States)

Skelton, Joshua J; Simpson, David M; Peterson, Mark A; Riechers, Dean E

2017-07-26

The Enlist weed control system allows the use of 2,4-D in soybean but slight necrosis in treated leaves may be observed in the field. The objectives of this research were to measure and compare uptake, translocation, and metabolism of 2,4-D in Enlist (E, resistant) and non-AAD-12 transformed (NT, sensitive) soybeans. The adjuvant from the Enlist Duo herbicide formulation (ADJ) increased 2,4-D uptake (36%) and displayed the fastest rate of uptake (U 50 = 0.2 h) among treatments. E soybean demonstrated a faster rate of 2,4-D metabolism (M 50 = 0.2 h) compared to NT soybean, but glyphosate did not affect 2,4-D metabolism. Metabolites of 2,4-D in E soybean were qualitatively different than NT. Applying 2,4-D-ethylhexyl ester instead of 2,4-D choline (a quaternary ammonium salt) eliminated visual injury to E soybean, likely due to the time required for initial de-esterification and bioactivation. Excessive 2,4-D acid concentrations in E soybean resulting from ADJ-increased uptake may significantly contribute to foliar injury.

A morte como elemento cultural mexicano em Pedro Páramo, de Juan Rulfo

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ana Paula Cantarelli

2013-06-01

Full Text Available Pedro Páramo (1955, de Juan Rulfo, desde sua publicação tem sido alvo de inúmeros estudos desenvolvidos por pesquisadores de diferentes áreas do conhecimento (história, sociologia, filosofia, etc.. Neste texto, buscou-se elaborar uma proposta de leitura a partir do reconhecimento da morte, símbolo nacional mexicano, como um elemento constituinte da estrutura narrativa desse romance, com a intenção de ampliar o campo de análises já delineado ao redor dessa obra.

Elementos para obtener el módulo de reacción de subrasante

OpenAIRE

OTÁLVARO, IVÁN FERNANDO; NANCLARES, FRANCISCO JAVIER

2009-01-01

En la actualidad el análisis tensión deformación del conjunto estructura-geomaterial se suele abordar apartir de modelos discretos, en algunas ocasiones mediante métodos numéricos tales como los elementos finitos. Sin embargo, sigue siendo bastante común representar los geomateriales a partir de la hipótesis de Winkler, ya que ofrece una mayor simplicidad para efectos de cálculo y es posible modelar simultáneamente el suelo y la estructura de cimentación. En este documento se describen los m...

Calculation of the energy of particles emitted by the reactions {sup 3}{sub 1}T (d,n) {sup 4}{sub 2}He, D (d,n) {sup 3}{sub 2}He and D (d,p) T; Calcul de l'energie des particules emises par les reactions {sup 3}{sub 1}T (d,n) {sup 4}{sub 2}He, D (d,n) {sup 3}{sub 2}He et D (d,p) T

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Oria, M; Sorriaux, A [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Saclay (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

1965-07-01

With a view to ease the work of research workers using 150 kV electrostatic accelerators, we have calculated the energy and the emission angle of particles emitted during the reactions {sub 1}{sup 3}T(d,n){sub 2}{sup 4}He, {sub 1}{sup 2}D(d,n){sub 2}{sup 3}He and {sub 1}{sup 2}D(d,p){sub 1}{sup 3}T. The results are classified in tables and arranged according to the acceleration energy of the deuterons. Since the energies considered are relatively low we have limited our study to the non-relativistic domain; this simplification results in a maximum energy variation with respect to the real energy values of 1 per cent. We give also two curves representing the variations in the total cross-sections for the reactions T (d,n){sub 2}{sup 4}He and D (d,n){sub 2}{sup 3}He. (authors) [French] De facon a faciliter la tache des experimentateurs utilisant des accelerateurs electrostatiques de 150 kV, nous avons calcule l'energie et l'angle d'emission des particules emises lors des reactions {sub 1}{sup 3}T(d,n){sub 2}{sup 4}He, {sub 1}{sup 2}D(d,n){sub 2}{sup 3}He and {sub 1}{sup 2}D(d,p){sub 1}{sup 3}T. Les resultats ont ete classes dans des tableaux, et ordonnes en fonction de l'energie d'acceleration des deuterons. Les energies considerees etant relativement peu elevees, nous avons limite notre etude au domaine non relativiste, cette simplification n'entraine qu'une variation maximale de 1 pour cent sur les valeurs reelles des energies. Nous avons joint a ce calcul deux courbes representant la variation des sections efficaces totales des reactions T (d,n){sub 2}{sup 4}He et D (d,n){sub 2}{sup 3}He. (auteurs)

Analysis of D2D Communications over Gamma/Nakagami Fading Channels

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Z. Hussain

2018-04-01

Full Text Available In this paper, we investigate the outage probability, channel capacity and symbol error rate (SER performance of device-to-device (D2D communication systems. The D2D communication system is affected by several co-channel interferers. Gamma fading channel is considered for the D2D communication system. The channel for the co-channel interference is assumed to be Nakagami faded. An expression for the probability density function (PDF of the signal-to-interference ratio (SIR is presented. The PDF is a function of distances between various devices in the D2D system, path-loss, channel fading conditions and signal powers. Based on the PDF expression, we present the expressions for the outage, channel capacity and SER. With the help of numerical results the performance of D2D communication system is discussed under various conditions of interference, path-loss and channel fading.

Cálculo automático de estruturas: análise estrutural de lajes através do método dos elementos finitos

OpenAIRE

Geirinhas, Nuno Alexandre Riscado Valente

2010-01-01

O principal objectivo deste trabalho foi o desenvolvimento de um programa de cálculo automático de lajes baseado no método dos elementos finitos. Como introdução ao tema é efectuada uma análise da evolução das estruturas ao longo dos tempos, diferenciando os vários tipos de estruturas que existem. São explicitados os conceitos fundamentais da mecânica dos sólidos, bem como os vários tipos de análises estruturais, os tipos de elementos finitos mais utilizados, bem como a classificação do...

Thermally activated 3D to 2D structural transformation of [Ni2(en)2(H2O)6(pyr)]·4H2O flexible coordination polymer

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Begović, Nebojša N.; Blagojević, Vladimir A.; Ostojić, Sanja B.; Radulović, Aleksandra M.; Poleti, Dejan; Minić, Dragica M.

2015-01-01

Thermally activated 3D to 2D structural transformation of the binuclear [Ni 2 (en) 2 (H 2 O) 6 (pyr)]·4H 2 O complex was investigated using a combination of theoretical and experimental methods. Step-wise thermal degradation (dehydration followed by release of ethylene diamine) results in two layered flexible coordination polymer structures. Dehydration process around 365 K results in a conjugated 2D structure with weak interlayer connectivity. It was shown to be a reversible 3D to 2D framework transformation by a guest molecule, and rehydration of the dehydration product occurs at room temperature in saturated water vapor. Rehydrated complex exhibits lower dehydration temperature, due to decreased average crystalline size, with higher surface area resulting in easier release and diffusion of water during dehydration. Thermal degradation of dehydration around 570 K, results in loss of ethylene diamine, producing a related 2D layered polymer structure, without interconnectivity between individual polymer layers. - Highlights: • Reversible 3D to 2D framework topochemical transformation on dehydration around 365 K. • Resulting polymer exhibits 2D layered structure with weak interlayer connectivity. • Dehydration is fully reversible in saturated water vapor at room temperature. • Further degradation around 570 K yields 2D polymer without interlayer connectivity. • 2D polymer exhibits conjugated electronic system

Dynamic Downlink Spectrum Access for D2D-Enabled Heterogeneous Networks

KAUST Repository

Radaydeh, Redha Mahmoud Mesleh

2018-01-15

This paper proposes new approaches for underlay device- to-device (D2D) communication in spectrum-shared het- erogeneous cellular networks. It considers devices that share downlink resources and have an enabled D2D feature to improve coverage. The mode of operation classifies devices according to their experienced base station (BS) coverage, potential to be served by BS, ability of BS to meet their quality of service (QoS), and their downlink resources occupancy. The initiation of D2D cooperation is conditioned on proposed provisional access by an active device, wherein its serving BS attempts to meet its QoS using as low number of spectrum channels as possible, while treating remaining channels for feasible D2D cooperation. Detailed formulations for the mode of operation and a proposed D2D path allocation scheme are presented under perfect and imperfect operation scenarios. The developed results are generally applicable for any performance metric and network model.

Flood hazard assessment using 1D and 2D approaches

Science.gov (United States)

Petaccia, Gabriella; Costabile, Pierfranco; Macchione, Francesco; Natale, Luigi

2013-04-01

The EU flood risk Directive (Directive 2007/60/EC) prescribes risk assessment and mapping to develop flood risk management plans. Flood hazard mapping may be carried out with mathematical models able to determine flood-prone areas once realistic conditions (in terms of discharge or water levels) are imposed at the boundaries of the case study. The deterministic models are mainly based on shallow water equations expressed in their 1D or 2D formulation. The 1D approach is widely used, especially in technical studies, due to its relative simplicity, its computational efficiency and also because it requires topographical data not as expensive as the ones needed by 2D models. Even if in a great number of practical situations, such as modeling in-channel flows and not too wide floodplains, the 1D approach may provide results close to the prediction of a more sophisticated 2D model, it must be pointed out that the correct use of a 1D model in practical situations is more complex than it may seem. The main issues to be correctly modeled in a 1D approach are the definition of hydraulic structures such as bridges and buildings interacting with the flow and the treatment of the tributaries. Clearly all these aspects have to be taken into account also in the 2D modeling, but with fewer difficulties. The purpose of this paper is to show how the above cited issues can be described using a 1D or 2D unsteady flow modeling. In particular the Authors will show the devices that have to be implemented in 1D modeling to get reliable predictions of water levels and discharges comparable to the ones obtained using a 2D model. Attention will be focused on an actual river (Crati river) located in the South of Italy. This case study is quite complicated since it deals with the simulation of channeled flows, overbank flows, interactions with buildings, bridges and tributaries. Accurate techniques, intentionally developed by the Authors to take into account all these peculiarities in 1D and 2

Vibrational and rotational excitation effects of the N(2D) + D2(X1Σg +) → ND(X3Σ+) + D(2S) reaction

Science.gov (United States)

Zhu, Ziliang; Wang, Haijie; Wang, Xiquan; Shi, Yanying

2018-05-01

The effects of the rovibrational excitation of reactants in the N(2D) + D2(X1Σg+) → ND(X3Σ+) + D(2S) reaction are calculated in a collision energy range from the threshold to 1.0 eV using the time-dependent wave packet approach and a second-order split operator. The reaction probability, integral cross-section, differential cross-section and rate constant of the title reaction are calculated. The integral cross-section and rate constant of the initial states v = 0, j = 0, 1, are in good agreement with experimental data available in the literature. The rotational excitation of the D2 molecule has little effect on reaction probability, integral cross-section and the rate constant, but it increased the sideways and forward scattering signals. The vibrational excitation of the D2 molecule reduced the threshold and broke up the forward-backward symmetry of the differential cross-section; it also increased the forward scattering signals. This may be because the vibrational excitation of the D2 molecule reduced the lifetime of the intermediate complex.

A influência da Ação Católica na atuação social e pastoral de D. Waldyr Calheiros: o caso dos Direitos Humanos na cidade Volta Redonda * La influencia de la Acción Catolica...

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

LUIZ FERNANDO MANGEA DA SILVA

2014-09-01

Full Text Available Resumo: O presente artigo faz uma análise da influência da Ação Católica na atuação social e pastoral de D. Waldyr Calheiros de Novaes na Diocese de Barra do Piraí/Volta Redonda, tendo como base o contexto sociopolítico nacional e local do início da década de 1950 até 1968. Essa atuação se inicia a partir do episódio referente à violação dos direitos humanos, em que operários da Companhia Siderúrgica Nacional e intelectuais volta-redondenses foram presos após uma comemoração pelos 20 anos da Declaração Universal dos Direitos do Homem. No evento, também foram comemorados os dois anos da chegada e posse do bispo à diocese. Houve, por parte da organização do evento, a iniciativa de incluir dramatizações que simbolizavam o universo dos trabalhadores. Não podemos esquecer que Volta Redonda era uma cidade militarizada, por causa da instalação do 1º Batalhão de Infantaria Blindada em Barra Mansa, cidade vizinha. O serviço de espionagem do regime militar identificou as lideranças operárias e intelectuais, o que resultou nas prisões dos organizadores do evento. Foi nesse episódio que o bispo se declarou preso no batalhão, em protesto contra a detenção dessas lideranças.Palavras-chave: Waldyr Calheiros de Novaes – Ação Católica – Ditadura Militar e Direitos Humanos. Resumen: Este artículo analiza la influencia de la Acción Católica en el trabajo social y pastoral D. Waldyr Calheiros de Novaes en la Diócesis de Barra do Piraí/Volta Redonda, en función del contexto socio-político nacional y local de la década de 1950 hasta 1968 . Dicha acción se inicia desde el episodio relativo a la violación de los derechos humanos, en el que los trabajadores nacionales Steel Company y los intelectuales era redondenses fueron arrestados después de una celebración para el 20 aniversario de la Declaración universal de los derechos humanos. En el evento, también se celebraron dos años de la llegada e

Industria y competitividad regional: elementos para una estrategia en el Occidente colombiano

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Jorge Lotero

1995-07-01

Full Text Available El objetivo principal de este estudio es presentar algunos elementos para el diseño de una estrategia de competitividad de la industria manufacturera desde la perspectiva regional. Partiendo de un breve análisis de la industria en el caso de la región del occidente colombiano, se plantea que en el marco de un nuevo modelo de desarrollo económico e industrial, le compete a los entes regionales promover acciones para elevar la competitividad de las actividades económicas. Dichas acciones deben centrarse en la generación de externalidades que incrementan la productividad total de los factores en la industria.

CYP2D7 sequence variation interferes with TaqMan CYP2D6*15 and *35 genotyping

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Amanda K Riffel

2016-01-01

Full Text Available TaqMan™ genotyping assays are widely used to genotype CYP2D6, which encodes a major drug metabolizing enzyme. Assay design for CYP2D6 can be challenging owing to the presence of two pseudogenes, CYP2D7 and CYP2D8, structural and copy number variation and numerous single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs some of which reflect the wild-type sequence of the CYP2D7 pseudogene. The aim of this study was to identify the mechanism causing false positive CYP2D6*15 calls and remediate those by redesigning and validating alternative TaqMan genotype assays. Among 13,866 DNA samples genotyped by the CompanionDx® lab on the OpenArray platform, 70 samples were identified as heterozygotes for 137Tins, the key SNP of CYP2D6*15. However, only 15 samples were confirmed when tested with the Luminex xTAG CYP2D6 Kit and sequencing of CYP2D6-specific long range (XL-PCR products. Genotype and gene resequencing of CYP2D6 and CYP2D7-specific XL-PCR products revealed a CC>GT dinucleotide SNP in exon 1 of CYP2D7 that reverts the sequence to CYP2D6 and allows a TaqMan assay PCR primer to bind. Because CYP2D7 also carries a Tins, a false-positive mutation signal is generated. This CYP2D7 SNP was also responsible for generating false-positive signals for rs769258 (CYP2D6*35 which is also located in exon 1. Although alternative CYP2D6*15 and *35 assays resolved the issue, we discovered a novel CYP2D6*15 subvariant in one sample that carries additional SNPs preventing detection with the alternate assay. The frequency of CYP2D6*15 was 0.1% in this ethnically diverse U.S. population sample. In addition, we also discovered linkage between the CYP2D7 CC>GT dinucleotide SNP and the 77G>A (rs28371696 SNP of CYP2D6*43. The frequency of this tentatively functional allele was 0.2%. Taken together, these findings emphasize that regardless of how careful genotyping assays are designed and evaluated before being commercially marketed, rare or unknown SNPs underneath primer and/or probe

Seasonal Variation of Provitamin D2 and Vitamin D2 in Perennial Ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.)

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Jäpelt, Rie Bak; Didion, Thomas; Smedsgaard, Jørn

2011-01-01

Ergosterol (provitamin D(2)) is converted to vitamin D(2) in grass by exposure to UV light. Six varieties of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) were harvested four times during the season, and the contents of vitamin D(2) and ergosterol were analyzed by a sensitive and selective liquid...... chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method. Weather factors were recorded, and a principal component analysis was performed to study which factors were important for the formation of vitamin D(2). The results suggest that a combination of weather factors is involved and that the contents of ergosterol...... and vitamin D(2) change more than a factor of 10 during the season. These results demonstrate that grass potentially can be a significant source of vitamin D for grazing animals and animals fed on silage and hay....

Effects of Boreal Lake Wetlands on Atmospheric 13CH3D and 12CH2D2

Science.gov (United States)

Haghnegahdar, M. A.; Kohl, I. E.; Schauble, E. A.; Walter Anthony, K. M.; Young, E. D.

2017-12-01

Recently, we developed a theoretical model to investigate the potential use of 13CH3D and 12CH2D2 as tools for tracking atmospheric methane budget. We used electronic structure methods to estimate kinetic isotope fractionations associated with the major sink reactions of CH4 in air (reactions with •OH and Cl•), and literature data with reconnaissance measurements of the relative abundances of 13CH3D and 12CH2D2 to estimate the compositions of the largest atmospheric sources. Here we present new methane rare isotopologue data from boreal wetlands, comprising one of the most important sources, in order to evaluate the robustness of the model. Boreal wetlands (>55° N) account for more than half of the wetland area in the Northern hemisphere. We analyzed methane samples from high latitude lakes representing different geographical regions, geological and ecological contexts, methane fluxes, and isotopic signatures. Using clumped isotopes of CH4 we are able to determine the likely production mechanism for natural CH4 samples. So far, all of our analyzed samples except one plot in the microbial pure-culture methanogenesis field (Young et al. 2017) with ranges of -0.2‰ to +1.2‰ for Δ13CH3D, and -29.6‰ to -18.2‰ for Δ12CH2D2. These compositions are far from equilibrium. The one exception, from Lake Doughnut, Alaska, exhibits Δ13CH3D and Δ12CH2D2 values of +5.2‰ and +18.7‰, respectively, which fall near ambient thermodynamic equilibrium values. This may be an effect of methanotrophy. Mean Δ13CH3D and Δ12CH2D2 for all lake samples are +1.7‰ and -15.4‰ respectively, compared to our original estimate of +6.1‰ and +21.2‰ for the wetland methane source based on an assumption of equilibrium. If we assume that these samples are representative of the overall wetland source, Δ13CH3D decreases by 0.8‰ and Δ12CH2D2 decreases by 0.6‰ in our model of bulk atmospheric methane. Δ13CH3D and Δ12CH2D2 values of air (including •OH and Cl• sink

Vitamin D and type 2 diabetes.

Science.gov (United States)

Lips, Paul; Eekhoff, Marelise; van Schoor, Natasja; Oosterwerff, Mirjam; de Jongh, Renate; Krul-Poel, Yvonne; Simsek, Suat

2017-10-01

Vitamin D deficiency is associated with a decreased insulin release, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes in experimental and epidemiological studies. Animal studies show that 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D 3 (1,25(OH) 2 D 3 ) stimulates the pancreatic β-cell to secrete insulin. The relationship between vitamin D deficiency and insulin resistance could develop through inflammation, as vitamin D deficiency is associated with increased inflammatory markers. In addition, genetic polymorphisms of vitamin D -related genes may predispose to impaired glycemic control and type 2 diabetes. Epidemiologic studies showed an association between low serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D 3 (25(OH)D 3 ) concentration and an increased risk for the metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes. This may be partly explained by an increased fat mass. A possible causal relationship between vitamin D deficiency and type 2 diabetes should be proven by randomized clinical trials showing that either type 2 diabetes can be prevented or insulin release and insulin sensitivity can be improved by vitamin D supplements. The results of randomized clinical trials on the effect of vitamin D versus placebo, sometimes combined with calcium, in patients with impaired glucose tolerance ("prediabetes") or type 2 diabetes are inconsistent. Some studies showed a slight decrease of fasting plasma glucose or improvement of insulin resistance, but often only in posthoc analyses. These effects are mainly visible in patients with vitamin D deficiency and impaired glucose tolerance at baseline. Meta-analyses of randomized clinical trials in general did not show significant effects of vitamin D supplementation on glycemic control. Currently, several large scale randomized clinical trials with vitamin D supplementation in doses of 1600-4000IU/d are ongoing with glycemic control or incidence of diabetes mellitus as outcome. Vitamin D deficiency needs to be prevented or cured, but until the results of these trials are published, high

Thermodynamics of the localized D2-D6 system

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gomez-Reino, Marta; Naculich, Stephen G.; Schnitzer, Howard J.

2005-01-01

An exact fully-localized extremal supergravity solution for N 2 D2-branes and N 6 D6-branes, which is dual to 3-dimensional supersymmetric SU(N 2 ) gauge theory with N 6 fundamentals, was found by Cherkis and Hashimoto. In order to consider the thermal properties of the gauge theory we present the non-extremal extension of this solution to first order in an expansion near the core of the D6-branes. We compute the Hawking temperature and the black-brane horizon area/entropy. The leading-order entropy, which is proportional to N 2 3/2 N 6 1/2 T H 2 , is not corrected to first order in the expansion. This result is consistent with the analogous weak-coupling result at the correspondence point N 2 similar to N 6

Imagen corporativa como elemento de posicionamiento estratégico en universidades públicas

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Wilmar Sierra Toncel

2014-12-01

Full Text Available El presente artículo tiene como propósito socializar los resultados de la investigación imagen corporativa como elemento de posicionamiento en universidades públicas caso Universidad del Zulia, República Bolivariana de Venezuela y Universidad de La Guajira –Colombia–, que tiene como objetivo analizar la imagen corporativa y el posicionamiento en universidades públicas. Los planteamientos teóricos se fundamentaron en Costa (2003, Van Riel (1997, Scheinson (1997, Nicholas (1996, Pizzolante (1994, Sánchez (2005, Kaplan & Norton (2001, David (1996, entre otros. El tipo de investigación fue de corte transversal, descriptiva y correlacional, con diseño no experimental y de campo. Para la recolección de la información se utilizó una encuesta estructurada aplicada a la muestra poblacional constituida por 99 docentes y directivos. Se establecieron las dimensiones percepción, identidad corporativa, gestión, bases, tipos y estrategias de posicionamiento. Se concluyó que existe estrecha relación entre imagen corporativa y posicionamiento, con un coeficiente de correlación de Pearson de 1.0, considerada altamente positiva, lo que demuestra que la imagen corporativa es un elemento de posicionamiento de universidades públicas; sin embargo, se evidencian profundas debilidades en su gestión. Por lo tanto, se requiere aplicar buenas prácticas administrativas, mayor rigor científico y técnico en su diseño y considerarla como un activo importante dentro de la organización.

Elementos para la puesta en valor y promoción de la localidad de Teusaquillo como destino turístico

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Carlos Carbonell

2010-11-01

Full Text Available El presente artículo muestra los resultados de una investigación de carácter etnográfico y documental realizada en la localidad de Teusaquillo, en la ciudad de Bogotá, D.C. (Colombia, en el marco del proyecto “Fortalecimiento de la competitividad turística de la localidad de Teusaquillo”, como ejecución del convenio entre la Alcaldía Local de Teusaquillo, el Instituto Distrital de Turismo y la Universidad Externado de Colombia. La investigación está orientada a presentar elementos dirigidos a lograr la apropiación de la comunidad local en torno a los atractivos existentes o potenciales hallados a partir de una serie de recorridos exhaustivos por la localidad. Se proponen algunas recomendaciones sobre las formas en que tales atractivos podrían ser puestos en valor para su aprovechamiento en el marco de la actividad turística.

2D-3D registration for cranial radiation therapy using a 3D kV CBCT and a single limited field-of-view 2D kV radiograph.

Science.gov (United States)

Munbodh, Reshma; Knisely, Jonathan Ps; Jaffray, David A; Moseley, Douglas J

2018-05-01

We present and evaluate a fully automated 2D-3D intensity-based registration framework using a single limited field-of-view (FOV) 2D kV radiograph and a 3D kV CBCT for 3D estimation of patient setup errors during brain radiotherapy. We evaluated two similarity measures, the Pearson correlation coefficient on image intensity values (ICC) and maximum likelihood measure with Gaussian noise (MLG), derived from the statistics of transmission images. Pose determination experiments were conducted on 2D kV radiographs in the anterior-posterior (AP) and left lateral (LL) views and 3D kV CBCTs of an anthropomorphic head phantom. In order to minimize radiation exposure and exclude nonrigid structures from the registration, limited FOV 2D kV radiographs were employed. A spatial frequency band useful for the 2D-3D registration was identified from the bone-to-no-bone spectral ratio (BNBSR) of digitally reconstructed radiographs (DRRs) computed from the 3D kV planning CT of the phantom. The images being registered were filtered accordingly prior to computation of the similarity measures. We evaluated the registration accuracy achievable with a single 2D kV radiograph and with the registration results from the AP and LL views combined. We also compared the performance of the 2D-3D registration solutions proposed to that of a commercial 3D-3D registration algorithm, which used the entire skull for the registration. The ground truth was determined from markers affixed to the phantom and visible in the CBCT images. The accuracy of the 2D-3D registration solutions, as quantified by the root mean squared value of the target registration error (TRE) calculated over a radius of 3 cm for all poses tested, was ICC AP : 0.56 mm, MLG AP : 0.74 mm, ICC LL : 0.57 mm, MLG LL : 0.54 mm, ICC (AP and LL combined): 0.19 mm, and MLG (AP and LL combined): 0.21 mm. The accuracy of the 3D-3D registration algorithm was 0.27 mm. There was no significant difference in mean TRE for the 2D-3D registration

A imagem do destino turístico como ferramenta de diferenciação e promoção do turismo: Caso de Barra Grande/PI – Brasil

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Marcelo Lima da Silva

2016-01-01

Full Text Available This paper analyzes the importance of the image of tourist destination at the beach of Barra Grande, located in Cajueiro da Praia/PI-Brazil. According to what was analyzed through the perception of tourists, it was possible to observe how this image formed by tourists is understood, along with the results and the corresponding factors that contributed to this image formation. This theme, which serves as a tool for differentiating and promoting tourism, in addition to intervene in the selection process, is essential to the instigation of the consumer to visit the destination. Thus, as the tourist product is intangible, it is proved through descriptions and pictures how important the imaginary image creation is, and what to do through the use of marketing strategies to reach a target audience. In such a way, the results were significant, which gave importance and value to the image of the destination studied.

Hybrid 3D-2D printing for bone scaffolds fabrication

Science.gov (United States)

Seleznev, V. A.; Prinz, V. Ya

2017-02-01

It is a well-known fact that bone scaffold topography on micro- and nanometer scale influences the cellular behavior. Nano-scale surface modification of scaffolds allows the modulation of biological activity for enhanced cell differentiation. To date, there has been only a limited success in printing scaffolds with micro- and nano-scale features exposed on the surface. To improve on the currently available imperfect technologies, in our paper we introduce new hybrid technologies based on a combination of 2D (nano imprint) and 3D printing methods. The first method is based on using light projection 3D printing and simultaneous 2D nanostructuring of each of the layers during the formation of the 3D structure. The second method is based on the sequential integration of preliminarily created 2D nanostructured films into a 3D printed structure. The capabilities of the developed hybrid technologies are demonstrated with the example of forming 3D bone scaffolds. The proposed technologies can be used to fabricate complex 3D micro- and nanostructured products for various fields.

Functional characterization of a first avian cytochrome P450 of the CYP2D subfamily (CYP2D49.

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Hua Cai

Full Text Available The CYP2D family members are instrumental in the metabolism of 20-25% of commonly prescribed drugs. Although many CYP2D isoforms have been well characterized in other animal models, research concerning the chicken CYP2Ds is limited. In this study, a cDNA encoding a novel CYP2D enzyme (CYP2D49 was cloned from the chicken liver for the first time. The CYP2D49 cDNA contained an open reading frame of 502 amino acids that shared 52%-57% identities with other CYP2Ds. The gene structure and neighboring genes of CYP2D49 are conserved and similar to those of human CYP2D6. Additionally, similar to human CYP2D6, CYP2D49 is un-inducible in the liver and expressed predominantly in the liver, kidney and small intestine, with detectable levels in several other tissues. Metabolic assays of the CYP2D49 protein heterologously expressed in E. coli and Hela cells indicated that CYP2D49 metabolized the human CYP2D6 substrate, bufuralol, but not debrisoquine. Moreover, quinidine, a potent inhibitor of human CYP2D6, only inhibited the bufuralol 1'-hydroxylation activity of CYP2D49 to a negligible degree. All these results indicated that CYP2D49 had functional characteristics similar to those of human CYP2D6 but measurably differed in the debrisoquine 4'-hydroxylation and quinidine inhibitory profile. Further structure-function investigations that employed site-directed mutagenesis and circular dichroism spectroscopy identified the importance of Val-126, Glu-222, Asp-306, Phe-486 and Phe-488 in keeping the enzymatic activity of CYP2D49 toward bufuralol as well as the importance of Asp-306, Phe-486 and Phe-488 in maintaining the conformation of CYP2D49 protein. The current study is only the first step in characterizing the metabolic mechanism of CYP2D49; further studies are still required.

El Método de los Elementos de Contorno en termoelasticidad axisimétrica

OpenAIRE

Anza Aguirrezabala, Juan José; Alarcón Álvarez, Enrique

1982-01-01

El método de elementos de contorno se aplica con éxito a problemas en los que sea decisiva la reducción de la dimensionalidad del dominio de integración. Por ello es interesante su aplicación a cuerpos tridimensionales simétricos respecto a un eje, donde la reducción es doble y la discretización puede limitarse a un contorno monodimensional. En este artículo se presenta el método aplicado al caso de la termoelasticidad lineal. Como es bien sabido en dicho problema aparecen fuerzas de volum...

Elementos para la relación entre cultura organizacional y estrategia: caso Google

OpenAIRE

Díaz Rengifo, Isabella; Hereyra Guerra, Oriana Alexandra

2016-01-01

Desde el año 360 a.C. se comienza a hablar de la importancia de la estrategia para el éxito de las empresas, argumentando que a través de ella, se establece una visión y un método para alcanzarla. Sin embargo, desde los años ochenta el tema de cultura organizacional empieza a surgir como un elemento clave dentro de las compañías. El talento humano pasa a tener importancia dentro del panorama organizacional como un recurso valioso, cuya gestión puede resultar convirtiéndose en una ventaja comp...

Dynamic Downlink Spectrum Access for D2D-Enabled Heterogeneous Networks

KAUST Repository

Radaydeh, Redha Mahmoud Mesleh; Al-Qahtani, Fawaz S.; Celik, Abdulkadir; Alouini, Mohamed-Slim

2018-01-01

This paper proposes new approaches for underlay device- to-device (D2D) communication in spectrum-shared het- erogeneous cellular networks. It considers devices that share downlink resources and have an enabled D2D feature to improve coverage

La impresión 3D como elemento transversal en la Educación Secundaria

OpenAIRE

Berenguer Alés, Manuel

2016-01-01

La ejecución de una impresora 3D en el aula por parte de los alumnos de la asignatura de Tecnología de Educación Secundaria Obligatoria como parte del currículo, y las posibilidades de su implementación en el ámbito educativo. Su uso como nuevo recurso TIC y la utilización de modelos 3D en las diferentes asignaturas.

2d index and surface operators

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gadde, Abhijit; Gukov, Sergei

2014-01-01

In this paper we compute the superconformal index of 2d (2,2) supersymmetric gauge theories. The 2d superconformal index, a.k.a. flavored elliptic genus, is computed by a unitary matrix integral much like the matrix integral that computes the 4d superconformal index. We compute the 2d index explicitly for a number of examples. In the case of abelian gauge theories we see that the index is invariant under flop transition and under CY-LG correspondence. The index also provides a powerful check of the Seiberg-type duality for non-abelian gauge theories discovered by Hori and Tong. In the later half of the paper, we study half-BPS surface operators in N=2 superconformal gauge theories. They are engineered by coupling the 2d (2,2) supersymmetric gauge theory living on the support of the surface operator to the 4d N=2 theory, so that different realizations of the same surface operator with a given Levi type are related by a 2d analogue of the Seiberg duality. The index of this coupled system is computed by using the tools developed in the first half of the paper. The superconformal index in the presence of surface defect is expected to be invariant under generalized S-duality. We demonstrate that it is indeed the case. In doing so the Seiberg-type duality of the 2d theory plays an important role

2D/ 3D Quantitative Ultrasound of the Breast

Science.gov (United States)

Nasief, Haidy Gerges

Breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer death of women in the United States, so breast cancer screening for early detection is common. The purpose of this dissertation is to optimize quantitative ultrasound (QUS) methods to improve the specificity and objectivity of breast ultrasound. To pursue this goal, the dissertation is divided into two parts: 1) to optimize 2D QUS, and 2) to introduce and validate 3D QUS. Previous studies had validated these methods in phantoms. Applying our QUS analysis on subcutaneous breast fat demonstrated that QUS parameter estimates for subcutaneous fat were consistent among different human subjects. This validated our in vivo data acquisition methods and supported the use of breast fat as a clinical reference tissue for ultrasound BI-RADSRTM assessments. Although current QUS methods perform well for straightforward cases when assumptions of stationarity and diffuse scattering are well-founded, these conditions often are not present due to the complicated nature of in vivo breast tissue. Key improvements in QUS algorithms to address these challenges were: 1) applying a "modified least squares method (MLSM)" to account for the heterogeneous tissue path between the transducer and the region of interest, ROI; 2) detecting anisotropy in acoustic parameters; and 3) detecting and removing the echo sources that depart from diffuse and stationary scattering conditions. The results showed that a Bayesian classifier combining three QUS parameters in a biased pool of high-quality breast ultrasound data successfully differentiated all fibroadenomas from all carcinomas. Given promising initial results in 2D, extension to 3D acquisitions in QUS provided a unique capability to test QUS for the entire breast volume. QUS parameter estimates using 3D data were consistent with those found in 2D for phantoms and in vivo data. Extensions of QUS technology from 2D to 3D can improve the specificity of breast ultrasound, and thus, could lead to

Quantitative studies of the brain specific antigens GFA, 14-3-2, synaptin C1, D1, D2, D3 and D5 in jimpy mouse

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Jacque, C M; Baumann, N A; Bock, E

1976-01-01

Seven antigens specific to the nervous tissue were measured in both Jimpy and control mice. The D5 and the GFA protein, both components of the glia, are strongly increased in the mutant while the neuronal components 14-3-2, synaptin C1, D1, D2 and D3 are unchanged....

ELEMENTOS GÓTICOS EN UNA CASA VACÍA DE CARLOS CERDA

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Cristián Cisternas

2010-04-01

Full Text Available Este artículo es un análisis de la novela Una casa vacía (1996 del escritor chileno Carlos Cerda, basado en la identificación de elementos de imaginería gótica en distintos niveles de la obra. Se estudia el funcionamiento de estos elementos dentro del marco esencialmente realista de la obra, para intentar establecer los límites cruzados entre el testimonio, la historia oficial y sus metaforizaciones. La alegoría final que la obra novelesca construye en relación con la antigua casa de tortura y sus habitantes, se corresponde con el período final de la Dictadura Militar (1973-1989 y las prácticas de tortura realizadas por organismos de gobierno contra civiles. Sin embargo, también se trata de mostrar la dificultad del realismo testimonial para escribir una novela sobre la degradación y el sufrimiento de la sociedad chilena del período, sin caer en una ideología maniquea de la narración.This article is an analysis of Una casa vacía (1996, a novel written by the Chilean author Carlos Cerda. This analysis is based upon the identification of elements of the Gothic imaginary at different levels of this narrative. The functioning of these elements is studied within the basically realistic frame of the novel, in order to establish the permeable boundaries between testimonial narrative, the official history and its metaphorizations. The ultimate allegory that the novel builds around a former torture house and its inhabitants finds its correspondence with the final period of the Military Dictatorship (1973-1989 and the torture practices carried by Government Organizations against civilians. Nevertheless, this article tries to show the difficulty of testimonial realism in order to write a novel about the suffering and decadence of the Chilean society of the period, without succumbing to a Manichean concept of the narrative function.

High current density 2D/3D MoS2/GaN Esaki tunnel diodes

Science.gov (United States)

Krishnamoorthy, Sriram; Lee, Edwin W.; Lee, Choong Hee; Zhang, Yuewei; McCulloch, William D.; Johnson, Jared M.; Hwang, Jinwoo; Wu, Yiying; Rajan, Siddharth

2016-10-01

The integration of two-dimensional materials such as transition metal dichalcogenides with bulk semiconductors offer interesting opportunities for 2D/3D heterojunction-based device structures without any constraints of lattice matching. By exploiting the favorable band alignment at the GaN/MoS2 heterojunction, an Esaki interband tunnel diode is demonstrated by transferring large area Nb-doped, p-type MoS2 onto heavily n-doped GaN. A peak current density of 446 A/cm2 with repeatable room temperature negative differential resistance, peak to valley current ratio of 1.2, and minimal hysteresis was measured in the MoS2/GaN non-epitaxial tunnel diode. A high current density of 1 kA/cm2 was measured in the Zener mode (reverse bias) at -1 V bias. The GaN/MoS2 tunnel junction was also modeled by treating MoS2 as a bulk semiconductor, and the electrostatics at the 2D/3D interface was found to be crucial in explaining the experimentally observed device characteristics.

A Hybrid 2D/3D User Interface for Radiological Diagnosis.

Science.gov (United States)

Mandalika, Veera Bhadra Harish; Chernoglazov, Alexander I; Billinghurst, Mark; Bartneck, Christoph; Hurrell, Michael A; Ruiter, Niels de; Butler, Anthony P H; Butler, Philip H

2018-02-01

This paper presents a novel 2D/3D desktop virtual reality hybrid user interface for radiology that focuses on improving 3D manipulation required in some diagnostic tasks. An evaluation of our system revealed that our hybrid interface is more efficient for novice users and more accurate for both novice and experienced users when compared to traditional 2D only interfaces. This is a significant finding because it indicates, as the techniques mature, that hybrid interfaces can provide significant benefit to image evaluation. Our hybrid system combines a zSpace stereoscopic display with 2D displays, and mouse and keyboard input. It allows the use of 2D and 3D components interchangeably, or simultaneously. The system was evaluated against a 2D only interface with a user study that involved performing a scoliosis diagnosis task. There were two user groups: medical students and radiology residents. We found improvements in completion time for medical students, and in accuracy for both groups. In particular, the accuracy of medical students improved to match that of the residents.

Effects of vitamin D2-fortified bread v. supplementation with vitamin D2 or D3 on serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D metabolites: an 8-week randomised-controlled trial in young adult Finnish women.

Science.gov (United States)

Itkonen, Suvi T; Skaffari, Essi; Saaristo, Pilvi; Saarnio, Elisa M; Erkkola, Maijaliisa; Jakobsen, Jette; Cashman, Kevin D; Lamberg-Allardt, Christel

2016-04-14

There is a need for food-based solutions for preventing vitamin D deficiency. Vitamin D3 (D3) is mainly used in fortified food products, although the production of vitamin D2 (D2) is more cost-effective, and thus may hold opportunities. We investigated the bioavailability of D2 from UV-irradiated yeast present in bread in an 8-week randomised-controlled trial in healthy 20-37-year-old women (n 33) in Helsinki (60°N) during winter (February-April) 2014. Four study groups were given different study products (placebo pill and regular bread=0 µg D2 or D3/d; D2 supplement and regular bread=25 µg D2/d; D3 supplement and regular bread=25 µg D3/d; and placebo pill and D2-biofortified bread=25 µg D2/d). Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D2 (S-25(OH)D2) and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (S-25(OH)D3) concentrations were measured at baseline, midpoint and end point. The mean baseline total serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (S-25(OH)D=S-25(OH)D2+S-25(OH)D3) concentration was 65·1 nmol/l. In repeated-measures ANCOVA (adjusted for baseline S-25(OH)D as total/D2/D3), D2-bread did not affect total S-25(OH)D (P=0·707) or S-25(OH)D3 (P=0·490), but increased S-25(OH)D2 compared with placebo (PD2 supplement was more effective than bread in increasing S-25(OH)D2 (PD2 and D3 supplementation increased total S-25(OH)D compared with placebo (P=0·030 and P=0·001, respectively), but D2 supplementation resulted in lower S-25(OH)D3 (PD2 from UV-irradiated yeast in bread was not bioavailable in humans. Our results support the evidence that D2 is less potent in increasing total S-25(OH)D concentrations than D3, also indicating a decrease in the percentage contribution of S-25(OH)D3 to the total vitamin D pool.

Thermodynamics of the localized D2-D6 system

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Gomez-Reino, Marta [Martin Fisher School of Physics, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02454 (United States)]. E-mail: marta@brandeis.edu; Naculich, Stephen G. [Department of Physics, Bowdoin College, Brunswick, ME 04011 (United States)]. E-mail: naculich@bowdoin.edu; Schnitzer, Howard J. [Martin Fisher School of Physics, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02454 (United States)]. E-mail: schnitzer@brandeis.edu

2005-05-02

An exact fully-localized extremal supergravity solution for N{sub 2} D2-branes and N{sub 6} D6-branes, which is dual to 3-dimensional supersymmetric SU(N{sub 2}) gauge theory with N{sub 6} fundamentals, was found by Cherkis and Hashimoto. In order to consider the thermal properties of the gauge theory we present the non-extremal extension of this solution to first order in an expansion near the core of the D6-branes. We compute the Hawking temperature and the black-brane horizon area/entropy. The leading-order entropy, which is proportional to N{sub 2}{sup 3/2}N{sub 6}{sup 1/2}T{sub H}{sup 2}, is not corrected to first order in the expansion. This result is consistent with the analogous weak-coupling result at the correspondence point N{sub 2} similar to N{sub 6}.

Definitive difference among [DS-D2O], [DS-H2O] and [Bulk-D2O] cells in the deuterization and deuterium-reaction

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Arata, Yoshiaki; Zhang, Yue Chang

2000-01-01

We observed a new phenomena that the enormous amount of deuterium/hydrogen can be absorbed quickly as a 'solute-atom' into fine metal powders embedded inside a double-structure (DS) cathode in the electrolyses of D 2 O and H 2 O-electrolytes, respectively, but such highly deuterated powders can be produced only using DS-cathode immersed in D 2 O-electrolyte; [DS-D 2 O], and never generated in H 2 O-electrolyte even using the DS-cathode; [DS-H 2 O]. On the other hand, [Bulk-D 2 O] with bulk-cathode made by the bulk Pd metal never produces highly deuterated metal as mentioned above even though using D 2 O-electrolyte. In short, the deuterium-concentration generating in [Bulk-D 2 O] is found to be much lower than that in [DS-D 2 O]. As a result, because of reason mentioned above, in marked contrast to the case with the [DS-D 2 O], neither excess heat nor 4 He production are observed with both [DS-H 2 O] and [Bulk-D 2 O]. (author)

A 2D driven 3D vessel segmentation algorithm for 3D digital subtraction angiography data

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Spiegel, M; Hornegger, J; Redel, T; Struffert, T; Doerfler, A

2011-01-01

Cerebrovascular disease is among the leading causes of death in western industrial nations. 3D rotational angiography delivers indispensable information on vessel morphology and pathology. Physicians make use of this to analyze vessel geometry in detail, i.e. vessel diameters, location and size of aneurysms, to come up with a clinical decision. 3D segmentation is a crucial step in this pipeline. Although a lot of different methods are available nowadays, all of them lack a method to validate the results for the individual patient. Therefore, we propose a novel 2D digital subtraction angiography (DSA)-driven 3D vessel segmentation and validation framework. 2D DSA projections are clinically considered as gold standard when it comes to measurements of vessel diameter or the neck size of aneurysms. An ellipsoid vessel model is applied to deliver the initial 3D segmentation. To assess the accuracy of the 3D vessel segmentation, its forward projections are iteratively overlaid with the corresponding 2D DSA projections. Local vessel discrepancies are modeled by a global 2D/3D optimization function to adjust the 3D vessel segmentation toward the 2D vessel contours. Our framework has been evaluated on phantom data as well as on ten patient datasets. Three 2D DSA projections from varying viewing angles have been used for each dataset. The novel 2D driven 3D vessel segmentation approach shows superior results against state-of-the-art segmentations like region growing, i.e. an improvement of 7.2% points in precision and 5.8% points for the Dice coefficient. This method opens up future clinical applications requiring the greatest vessel accuracy, e.g. computational fluid dynamic modeling.

FLOWPLOT2, 2-D, 3-D Fluid Dynamic Plots

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Cobb, C.K.; Tunstall, J.N.

1989-01-01

1 - Description of program or function: FLOWPLOT2 is a plotting program used with numerical or analytical fluid dynamics codes to create velocity vector plots, contour plots of up to three fluid parameters (e.g. pressure, density, and temperature), two-dimensional profile plots, three-dimensional curve plots, and/or three-dimensional surface plots for either the u or v velocity components. If the fluid dynamics code computes a transient or simulated time related solution, FLOWPLOT2 can also be used to generate these plots for any specified time interval. Multiple cases generating different plots for different time intervals may be run in one execution of the program. In addition, plots can be created for selected two- dimensional planes of three-dimensional steady-state problems. The user has the option of producing plots on CalComp or Versatec plotters or microfiche and of creating a compressed dataset before plotting. 2 - Method of solution: FLOWPLOT2 reads a dataset written by the fluid dynamics code. This dataset must be written in a specified format and must contain parametric data at the nodal points of a uniform or non-uniform rectangular grid formed by the intersection of the grid lines of the model. 3 - Restrictions on the complexity of the problem - Maxima of: 2500 nodes, 40 y-values for 2-D profile plots and 3-D curve plots, 20 contour values, 3 fluid parameters

Determination of D{sub 2}O-2% Enriched Uranium Lattice Parameters by Means of a Critical System; Determination des Parametres d'un Reseau Uranium Enrichi a 2%-Eau Lourde au Moyen d'un Ensemble Critique; Opredelenie s pomoshch'yu kriticheskoj sistemy parametrov reshetki s 2%-nym obog ashcheniem Urana i s zamedlitelem D{sub 2}O; Determinacion, Mediante un Conjunto Critico, de los Parametros de un Reticulado de D{sub 2}O y Uranio Enriquecido al 2%

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Raisic, N.; Takac, S.; Markovic, H.; Bosevski, T. [Boris Kidric Institute of Nuclear Sciences, Belgrade, Yugoslavia (Serbia)

1964-02-15

faits par la theorie de la diffusion a deux groupes. Les mesures, pour dix configurations de reseau differentes, comportaient la determination du laplacien, du coefficient du niveau d'eau et des facteurs de desavantage pour le flux de neutrons thermiques et epither- miques a l'interieur d'une cellule. Le memoire decrit les methodes de mesure. Les auteurs utilisent ensuite les donnees experimentales pour en deduire les parametres de reseau determines par le calcul du coeur du reacteur au moyen de la formule des quatre facteurs et dans une theorie de diffusion a deux groupes. Ils comparent ces resultats avec les calculs classiques des memes parametres pour des configurations de reseau ayant fait l'objet de mesures. Ils ont constate des ecarts dans la valeur de n et de l'integrale de resonance pour {sup 238}U. En conclusion, les auteurs analysent l'utilite et l'exactitude des informations recueillies a l'aide des montages critiques en vue de l'etude et de l'exploitation d'un reacteur de recherche a uranium enrichi et eau lourde. (author) [Spanish] En la memoria se describe una serie de experimentos efectuados con objeto de determinar los parametros basicos de un reticulado de D{sub 2}O y uranio enriquecido al 2% Los elementos combustibles consistian en cilindros huecos, revestidos de aluminio, con agua pesada en el interior y en el exterior. Los experimentos se realizaron en el conjunto critico RB del Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares 'Boris Kidric' (Belgrado). La geometria sencilla de este conjunto facilita la interpretacion teorica de los resultados experimentales, asi como la comparacion directa con calculos efectuados segun la teoria de difusion de dos grupos. Entre las mediciones efectuadas para diez configuraciones diferentes de reticulado, figuraban la determinacion del laplaciano, del coeficiente de reactividad del nivel de agua y de los factores de desventaja para un flujo de neutrones termico y epitermico dentro de una celda del reactor. En la memoria se describen

Elementos de colonialidad y biopolítica en una historia caribeña (ficticia

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Marta Cabrera

2007-01-01

Full Text Available La primera novela colombiana, Yngermina o la hija de Calamar (Juan José Nieto, 1844, re-escritura de la historia regional cartagenera como locus de civilización con elementos utópicos, delinea un cuerpo político ideal moldeado por dinámicas particulares de raza y género y es empleada en este artículo como espacio para observar las contradicciones del discurso liberal decimonónico desde la óptica de la biopolítica y la colonialidad del poder.

Flap Gap Oscillatory Blowing on 2D and 2.5D Wing

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Cătălin NAE

2009-12-01

Full Text Available Here we present preliminary results obtained in developing an active flow control system for highlift systems at advanced TRL level. The work is based on theoretical and experimental workperformed in AVERT EU FP6 project where the oscillatory flap gap blowing system was designedand tested on a INCAS F15 2D wing model. Pressure data and global loads have been recorded fora complex evaluation of the basic flow control mechanism. In 2.5D test cases this work has beenextended so that the proposed system may be selected as a mature technology in the JTI Clean Sky,Smart Fixed Wing Aircraft ITD. For this goal, new experimental setup was used and also updatedelectronics for the blowing system have been introduces. This was complemented by a newextension for the data acquisition system and visualization tools. Finally global correlations forbasic lift increments have been compared with the reference 2D case and analysed with respect tothe system efficiency.

1D helix, 2D brick-wall and herringbone, and 3D interpenetration d10 metal-organic framework structures assembled from pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylic acid N-oxide.

Science.gov (United States)

Wen, Li-Li; Dang, Dong-Bin; Duan, Chun-Ying; Li, Yi-Zhi; Tian, Zheng-Fang; Meng, Qing-Jin

2005-10-03

Five novel interesting d(10) metal coordination polymers, [Zn(PDCO)(H2O)2]n (PDCO = pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylic acid N-oxide) (1), [Zn2(PDCO)2(4,4'-bpy)2(H2O)2.3H2O]n (bpy = bipyridine) (2), [Zn(PDCO)(bix)]n (bix = 1,4-bis(imidazol-1-ylmethyl)benzene) (3), [Zn(PDCO)(bbi).0.5H2O]n (bbi = 1,1'-(1,4-butanediyl)bis(imidazole)) (4), and [Cd(PDCO)(bix)(1.5).1.5H2O]n (5), have been synthesized under hydrothermal conditions and structurally characterized. Polymer 1 possesses a one-dimensional (1D) helical chainlike structure with 4(1) helices running along the c-axis with a pitch of 10.090 Angstroms. Polymer 2 has an infinite chiral two-dimensional (2D) brick-wall-like layer structure in the ac plane built from achiral components, while both 3 and 4 exhibit an infinite 2D herringbone architecture, respectively extended in the ac and ab plane. Polymer 5 features a most remarkable and unique three-dimensional (3D) porous framework with 2-fold interpenetration related by symmetry, which contains channels in the b and c directions, both distributed in a rectangular grid fashion. Compounds 1-5, with systematic variation in dimensionality from 1D to 2D to 3D, are the first examples of d(10) metal coordination polymers into which pyridinedicarboxylic acid N-oxide has been introduced. In addition, polymers 1, 4, and 5 display strong blue fluorescent emissions in the solid state. Polymer 3 exhibits a strong SHG response, estimated to be approximately 0.9 times that of urea.

Sustaining life in frontier land. Country report 2: Costa Rica.

Science.gov (United States)

Prescott-allen, R

1993-01-01

The Community Development Association of the fishing village of Barra del Colorado populated by Blacks embraced the Conservation Strategy for the Sustainable Development of the Plains Tortuguero covering 419,000 hectares of lowland rain forest and wetlands along the Caribbean cost of northern Costa Rica. In 1985 the government established the Barra del Colorado Wildlife Refuge. The International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) team visited families and identified community problems. This resulted in the establishment of a communal bank; a community fisherman's association to help obtain a boat and fishing gear; assistance to help villagers obtain title to their land; a feasibility study of a public transport link to the rest of the country; new chairs for the school; and weekly instead of monthly visits by a doctor. The Tortuguero Strategy endeavors to establish 147,000 hectares of conservation area including the Tortuguero National Park. 5000 people live in the buffer zone and 132,000 live in the neighboring western area. The strategy strives to reverse deforestation in the buffer zone by restoring forest cover to 80% of the area by 2000. The Strategy has funded the Union of Small Agricultural Producers of the Atlantic to train people in ecotourism, forestry management, and growing and selling medicinal plants. The IUCN evaluated the environmental impact of expanding banana plantations and recommended ameliorative steps which have not been implemented. The preparation of the Tortuguero Strategy started in 1990 in concert with the Natural Resources Ministry, IUCN, and the European Community. A 1992 draft document based on biophysical, socioeconomic, and legal studies is waiting for official approval. Community strategies have been launched in 2 communities, self-sustaining financing is delayed, and a draft law setting up the conservation area awaits Costa Rican legislative authorization. The strategy is for the long term, but the experience of Barra del

Monitoramento da contaminação por elementos traço em ostras comercializadas em Recife, Pernambuco, Brasil

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Cavalcanti André Dias

2003-01-01

Full Text Available Amostras de ostras comercializadas em Recife, Pernambuco, Brasil, foram monitoradas em relação ao conteúdo de elementos traço (Hg, Zn, Fe, Cu e Mn durante o período de um ano (março/2001 a fevereiro/2002. Mercúrio foi o principal contaminante encontrado nas ostras e o elemento que apresenta maior risco à saúde pública. Foram encontrados valores de concentração de Hg em ostras de até 551,12µg/kg (peso úmido. Esses valores sugerem que a ingestão de ostras deve ser feita com restrições, principalmente, pela população que vive de sua coleta como forma de subsistência, por crianças, e mulheres grávidas. A avaliação dos níveis de mercúrio em frutos do mar é um importante fator para avaliar o risco de contaminação por mercúrio em pessoas não ocupacionalmente expostas.

Monitoramento da contaminação por elementos traço em ostras comercializadas em Recife, Pernambuco, Brasil

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

André Dias Cavalcanti

Full Text Available Amostras de ostras comercializadas em Recife, Pernambuco, Brasil, foram monitoradas em relação ao conteúdo de elementos traço (Hg, Zn, Fe, Cu e Mn durante o período de um ano (março/2001 a fevereiro/2002. Mercúrio foi o principal contaminante encontrado nas ostras e o elemento que apresenta maior risco à saúde pública. Foram encontrados valores de concentração de Hg em ostras de até 551,12µg/kg (peso úmido. Esses valores sugerem que a ingestão de ostras deve ser feita com restrições, principalmente, pela população que vive de sua coleta como forma de subsistência, por crianças, e mulheres grávidas. A avaliação dos níveis de mercúrio em frutos do mar é um importante fator para avaliar o risco de contaminação por mercúrio em pessoas não ocupacionalmente expostas.

Comportamiento del sector de alimentos y bebidas y los elementos del marketing mix en la Ciudad de Quito

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Diego Alfredo Salazar Duque

2016-12-01

Full Text Available Generalmente, se ha considerado que distintos criterios de los elementos que conforman el marketing mix tradicional influyen significativamente en el comportamiento de los sectores de servicios. Esta investigación tiene como objetivo analizar y determinar el comportamiento del sector de alimentos y bebidas y su relación con algunos criterios que forman parte de los elementos del marketing mix tradicional en la ciudad de Quito. Para ello, se formulan cuatro hipótesis que son contrarrestadas por medio de una interpretación de datos en forma cuantitativa o cualitativa. Como resultado, se concluye que la geografía, la dimensión gastronómica, los movimientos gastronómicos y la promoción no inciden de forma significativa en el comportamiento del mercado en la ciudad de Quito, a diferencia de la relación significativa que existe entre la zona geográfica, el precio del plato y la capacidad máxima de clientes de un establecimiento de alimentos y bebidas al momento de cubrir una demanda en el mercado de esta ciudad.

Anti-NKG2D mAb

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Vadstrup, Kasper; Bendtsen, Flemming

2017-01-01

with a wide range of cell types and proteins involved. Natural Killer Group 2D (NKG2D) is an activating receptor constitutively expressed on human Natural Killer (NK), γδ T, mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT), CD56⁺ T, and CD8⁺ T cells. Activation of NKG2D triggers cellular proliferation, cytokine...... production, and target cell killing. Research into the NKG2D mechanism of action has primarily been focused on cancer and viral infections where cytotoxicity evasion is a concern. In human inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) this system is less characterized, but the ligands have been shown to be highly...... expressed during intestinal inflammation and the following receptor activation may contribute to tissue degeneration. A recent phase II clinical trial showed that an antibody against NKG2D induced clinical remission of CD in some patients, suggesting NKG2D and its ligands to be of importance...

Análisis teórico experimental de conexiones en elementos estructurales de bambú guadua laminado pegado prensado, para un proyecto de vivienda

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Patricia Luna

2014-01-01

Full Text Available El análisis de las conexiones entre elementos fabricados en Bambú guadua (Guadua angustifolia Kunth laminado pegado prensado para un proyecto de vivienda, es mostrado en este artículo. El análisis se ejecutó en cuatro etapas: diseño, prueba de carga, simulación numérica y modelación por elementos finitos. El diseño se realizó por el método de los esfuerzos de trabajo. En la prueba de carga fueron medidos desplazamientos para conocer el comportamiento de las conexiones para diferentes incrementos de carga. La simulación numérica fue realizada en el programa ETABS® con la carga real impuesta en cada etapa de la prueba de carga. Finalmente, la modelación por elementos finitos se realizó en el programa ANSYS®. Se encontró que existen diferencias entre los resultados experimentales y los numéricos, las cuales pueden ser consecuencia de que las condiciones reales de la prueba de carga no corresponden exactamente a las consideraciones supuestas de diseño como nudos completamente rígidos o articulados.

PERICLES 2D experiment

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Morel, Christophe

2001-01-01

Scope of the lecture was the modelling of severe reactor accidents. The PERICLES 2D experiment was compared to CATHARE 3D simulation results considering progression of a quench front inside the reactor core, steam flow rates, heat conduction, cladding temperature. (uke)

Whole-body PET acceptance test in 2D and 3D using NEMA NU 2-2001 protocol

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sharma, Shamurailatpam Dayananda; Deshpande, D.; Prasad, R.; Shetye, Bina; Rangarajan, V.; Shrivastava, S.K.; Dinshaw, K.A.

2007-01-01

Integrated PET/CT has emerged as an integral component of oncology management because of its unique potential of providing both functional and morphological images in a single imaging session. In this work, performance of the 'bismuth germinate (BGO) crystal'-based PET of a newly installed Discovery ST PET/CT was evaluated in 2D and 3D mode for whole-body scanning using National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA) NU 2-2001 protocol and the recommended phantoms. During the entire measurements, the system operates with an energy window of 375-650 keV and 11.7 ns coincidence time window. The set of tests performed were spatial resolution, sensitivity, scatter fraction (SF) and counting rate performance. The average transaxial and axial spatial resolution measured as full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the point spread function at 1 cm (and 10 cm) off-axis was 0.632 (0.691) and 0.491 (0.653) cm in 2D and 0.646 (0.682) and 0.54 (0.601) cm in 3D respectively. The average sensitivity for the two radial positions (R = 0 cm and R = 10 cm) was 2.56 (2.63) cps/kBq in 2D and 11.85 (12.14) cps/kBq in 3D. The average scatter fraction was 19.79% in 2D and 46.19% in 3D. The peak noise equivalent counting rate (NECR) evaluated with single random subtraction was 89.41 kcps at 49 kBq/cc in 2D and 60 kcps at 12 kBq/cc in 3D acquisition mode. The NECR with delayed random subtraction was 61.47 kcps at 40.67 kBq/cc in 2D and 45.57 kcps at 16.45 kBq/cc in 3D. The performance of the PET scanner was satisfactory within the manufacturer-specified limits. The test result of PET shows excellent system sensitivity with relatively uniform resolution throughout the FOV, making this scanner highly suitable for whole-body studies. (author)

D2O-induced cell excitation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Andjus, P.R.; Vucelic, D.

1990-01-01

The effects of deuterium oxide (D 2 O) on giant internodal cells of the fresh water alga Chara gymnophylla, were investigated. D 2 O causes membrane excitation followed by potassium leakage. The primary effect consists of an almost instantaneous membrane depolarization resembling an action potential with incomplete repolarization. A hypothesis was proposed which deals with an osmotic stress effect of D 2 O on membrane ion channels followed by the suppression of the electrogenic pump activity. The initial changes (potential spike and rapid K+ efflux) may represent the previously undetected link between the D 2 O-induced temporary arrest of protoplasmic streaming and the early events triggered at the plasma membrane level as the primary site of D 2 O action

Differential regulation of striatal motor behavior and related cellular responses by dopamine D2L and D2S isoforms.

Science.gov (United States)

Radl, Daniela; Chiacchiaretta, Martina; Lewis, Robert G; Brami-Cherrier, Karen; Arcuri, Ludovico; Borrelli, Emiliana

2018-01-02

The dopamine D2 receptor (D2R) is a major component of the dopamine system. D2R-mediated signaling in dopamine neurons is involved in the presynaptic regulation of dopamine levels. Postsynaptically, i.e., in striatal neurons, D2R signaling controls complex functions such as motor activity through regulation of cell firing and heterologous neurotransmitter release. The presence of two isoforms, D2L and D2S, which are generated by a mechanism of alternative splicing of the Drd2 gene, raises the question of whether both isoforms may equally control presynaptic and postsynaptic events. Here, we addressed this question by comparing behavioral and cellular responses of mice with the selective ablation of either D2L or D2S isoform. We establish that the presence of either D2L or D2S can support postsynaptic functions related to the control of motor activity in basal conditions. On the contrary, absence of D2S but not D2L prevents the inhibition of tyrosine hydroxylase phosphorylation and, thereby, of dopamine synthesis, supporting a major presynaptic role for D2S. Interestingly, boosting dopamine signaling in the striatum by acute cocaine administration reveals that absence of D2L, but not of D2S, strongly impairs the motor and cellular response to the drug, in a manner similar to the ablation of both isoforms. These results suggest that when the dopamine system is challenged, D2L signaling is required for the control of striatal circuits regulating motor activity. Thus, our findings show that D2L and D2S share similar functions in basal conditions but not in response to stimulation of the dopamine system.

Effects of vitamin D2-fortified bread v. supplementation with vitamin D2 or D3 on serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D metabolites: an 8-week randomised-controlled trial in young adult Finnish women

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Itkonen, Suvi T.; Skaffari, Essi; Saaristo, Pilvi

2016-01-01

-irradiated yeast present in bread in an 8-week randomised-controlled trial in healthy 20–37-year-old women (n 33) in Helsinki (60°N) during winter (February–April) 2014. Four study groups were given different study products (placebo pill and regular bread=0 µg D2 or D3/d; D2 supplement and regular bread=25 µg D2/d......; D3 supplement and regular bread=25 µg D3/d; and placebo pill and D2-biofortified bread=25 µg D2/d). Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D2 (S-25(OH)D2) and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (S-25(OH)D3) concentrations were measured at baseline, midpoint and end point. The mean baseline total serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D...

PROSPECÇÃO TECNOLÓGICA E CIENTÍFICA DE ALIMENTOS PROBIÓTICOS FUNCIONAIS NA FORMA DE BARRA DE CEREAIS

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Bárbara Verônica Sousa Cardoso

2015-09-01

Full Text Available Nos países desenvolvidos é crescente a popularidade dos alimentos funcionais contendo probióticos e isto se deve aos avanços nas pesquisas em desenvolvimento de novos produtos, que resultaram na incorporação de probióticos não só em produtos lácteos, mas também em bebidas, e até mesmo em cereais e chocolates. O objetivo desse trabalho foi realizar uma prospecção tecnológica e científica de alimentos probióticos funcionais na forma de barra de cereais. Foram pesquisados depósitos de patentes nas bases EPO, WIPO, USPTO e INPI e artigos publicados no banco de dados da Web of Science, Scielo, Science Direct, Portal Periódicos Capes e Medline. Com a combinação dos termos cereal bars e probiotics, a busca resultou em 9 e 3 patentes,nas bases USPTO e WIPO, respectivamente. Após a análise, constatou-se que os Estados Unidos e a Alemanha foram os maiores depositantes nas bases internacionais. Entretanto, no INPI não foi encontrado nenhum depósito. Quanto aos artigos, obteve-se, apenas 14, na base de dados Scielo, com os termos food bar e lactobacillus. De acordo com os resultados desta prospecção, pesquisas sobre alimentos probióticos funcionais são necessárias, no Brasil, devido ao pequeno número de depósitos de patentes nas diferentes bases pesquisadas e artigos publicados.

Digit Ratio (2D:4D and Gender Inequalities Across Nations

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

John T. Manning

2014-10-01

Full Text Available Gender inequality varies across nations, where such inequality is defined as the disproportionate representation of one sex over the other in desirable social, economic, and biological roles (typically male over female. Thus in Norway, 40% of parliamentarians are women, in the USA 17%, and in Saudi Arabia 0%. Some of this variation is associated with economic prosperity but there is evidence that this cause and effect can go in either direction. Here we show that within a population the average ratio of index (2D to ring (4D finger lengths (2D:4D—a proxy measure of the relative degree to which offspring is exposed in utero to testosterone versus estrogen—is correlated with measures of gender inequality between nations. We compared male and female 2D:4D ratios to female parliamentary representation, labor force participation, female education level, maternal mortality rates, and juvenile pregnancy rates per nation in a sample of 29 countries. We found those nations who showed higher than expected female fetal exposure to testosterone (low 2D:4D and lower than expected male exposure to fetal testosterone (high 2D:4D had higher rates of female parliamentary representation, and higher female labor force participation. In short, the more similar the two sexes were in 2D:4D, the more equal were the two sexes in parliamentary and labor force participation. The other variables were not as strongly correlated. We suggest that higher than expected fetal testosterone in females and lower fetal testosterone in males may lead to high female representation in the national labor force and in parliament.

Weighted linear regression using D2H and D2 as the independent variables

Science.gov (United States)

Hans T. Schreuder; Michael S. Williams

1998-01-01

Several error structures for weighted regression equations used for predicting volume were examined for 2 large data sets of felled and standing loblolly pine trees (Pinus taeda L.). The generally accepted model with variance of error proportional to the value of the covariate squared ( D2H = diameter squared times height or D...

Design Application Translates 2-D Graphics to 3-D Surfaces

Science.gov (United States)

2007-01-01

Fabric Images Inc., specializing in the printing and manufacturing of fabric tension architecture for the retail, museum, and exhibit/tradeshow communities, designed software to translate 2-D graphics for 3-D surfaces prior to print production. Fabric Images' fabric-flattening design process models a 3-D surface based on computer-aided design (CAD) specifications. The surface geometry of the model is used to form a 2-D template, similar to a flattening process developed by NASA's Glenn Research Center. This template or pattern is then applied in the development of a 2-D graphic layout. Benefits of this process include 11.5 percent time savings per project, less material wasted, and the ability to improve upon graphic techniques and offer new design services. Partners include Exhibitgroup/Giltspur (end-user client: TAC Air, a division of Truman Arnold Companies Inc.), Jack Morton Worldwide (end-user client: Nickelodeon), as well as 3D Exhibits Inc., and MG Design Associates Corp.

Facts and Misconceptions about 2D:4D, Social and Risk Preferences

Science.gov (United States)

Alonso, Judit; Di Paolo, Roberto; Ponti, Giovanni; Sartarelli, Marcello

2018-01-01

We study how the ratio between the length of the second and fourth digit (2D:4D) correlates with choices in social and risk preferences elicitation tasks by building a large dataset from five experimental projects with more than 800 subjects. Our results confirm the recent literature that downplays the link between 2D:4D and many domains of economic interest, such as social and risk preferences. As for the former, we find that social preferences are significantly lower when 2D:4D is above the median value only for subjects with low cognitive ability. As for the latter, we find that a high 2D:4D is not correlated with the frequency of subjects' risky choices. PMID:29487510

2D:4D digit ratio predicts delay of gratification in preschoolers.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Sergio Da Silva

Full Text Available We replicate the Stanford marshmallow experiment with a sample of 141 preschoolers and find a correlation between lack of self-control and 2D:4D digit ratio. Children with low 2D:4D digit ratio are less likely to delay gratification. Low 2D:4D digit ratio may indicate high fetal testosterone. If this hypothesis is true, our finding means high fetal testosterone children are less likely to delay gratification.

MARVEL analysis of the rotational-vibrational states of the molecular ions H2D+ and D2H+.

Science.gov (United States)

Furtenbacher, Tibor; Szidarovszky, Tamás; Fábri, Csaba; Császár, Attila G

2013-07-07

Critically evaluated rotational-vibrational line positions and energy levels, with associated critically reviewed labels and uncertainties, are reported for two deuterated isotopologues of the H3(+) molecular ion: H2D(+) and D2H(+). The procedure MARVEL, standing for Measured Active Rotational-Vibrational Energy Levels, is used to determine the validated levels and lines and their self-consistent uncertainties based on the experimentally available information. The spectral ranges covered for the isotopologues H2D(+) and D2H(+) are 5.2-7105.5 and 23.0-6581.1 cm(-1), respectively. The MARVEL energy levels of the ortho and para forms of the ions are checked against ones determined from accurate variational nuclear motion computations employing the best available adiabatic ab initio potential energy surfaces of these isotopologues. The number of critically evaluated, validated and recommended experimental (levels, lines) are (109, 185) and (104, 136) for H2D(+) and D2H(+), respectively. The lists of assigned MARVEL lines and levels and variational levels obtained for H2D(+) and D2H(+) as part of this study are deposited in the ESI to this paper.

A convenient route to N-acetyl-D-glucosamine-2-C-d and N-acetyl-D-mannosamine-2-C-d

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Szilagyi, L.; Bujtas, G.

1977-01-01

Title compounds were prepared through epimerisation of 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-glucose in NaOD. The isotopic purity of the products was determined by NMR and mass spectroscopy. The mechanism of epimerisation is briefly discussed. (orig.) [de

BranchAnalysis2D/3D automates morphometry analyses of branching structures.

Science.gov (United States)

Srinivasan, Aditya; Muñoz-Estrada, Jesús; Bourgeois, Justin R; Nalwalk, Julia W; Pumiglia, Kevin M; Sheen, Volney L; Ferland, Russell J

2018-01-15

Morphometric analyses of biological features have become increasingly common in recent years with such analyses being subject to a large degree of observer bias, variability, and time consumption. While commercial software packages exist to perform these analyses, they are expensive, require extensive user training, and are usually dependent on the observer tracing the morphology. To address these issues, we have developed a broadly applicable, no-cost ImageJ plugin we call 'BranchAnalysis2D/3D', to perform morphometric analyses of structures with branching morphologies, such as neuronal dendritic spines, vascular morphology, and primary cilia. Our BranchAnalysis2D/3D algorithm allows for rapid quantification of the length and thickness of branching morphologies, independent of user tracing, in both 2D and 3D data sets. We validated the performance of BranchAnalysis2D/3D against pre-existing software packages using trained human observers and images from brain and retina. We found that the BranchAnalysis2D/3D algorithm outputs results similar to available software (i.e., Metamorph, AngioTool, Neurolucida), while allowing faster analysis times and unbiased quantification. BranchAnalysis2D/3D allows inexperienced observers to output results like a trained observer but more efficiently, thereby increasing the consistency, speed, and reliability of morphometric analyses. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

2D/3D Program work summary report

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1995-09-01

The 2D/3D Program was carried out by Germany, Japan and the United States to investigate the thermal-hydraulics of a PWR large-break LOCA. A contributory approach was utilized in which each country contributed significant effort to the program and all three countries shared the research results. Germany constructed and operated the Upper Plenum Test Facility (UPTF), and Japan constructed and operated the Cylindrical Core Test Facility (CCTF) and the Slab Core Test Facility (SCTF). The US contribution consisted of provision of advanced instrumentation to each of the three test facilities, and assessment of the TRAC computer code against the test results. Evaluations of the test results were carried out in all three countries. This report summarizes the 2D/3D Program in terms of the contributing efforts of the participants, and was prepared in a coordination among three countries. US and Germany have published the report as NUREG/IA-0126 and GRS-100, respectively. (author).

2D/3D Program work summary report

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

1995-09-01

The 2D/3D Program was carried out by Germany, Japan and the United States to investigate the thermal-hydraulics of a PWR large-break LOCA. A contributory approach was utilized in which each country contributed significant effort to the program and all three countries shared the research results. Germany constructed and operated the Upper Plenum Test Facility (UPTF), and Japan constructed and operated the Cylindrical Core Test Facility (CCTF) and the Slab Core Test Facility (SCTF). The US contribution consisted of provision of advanced instrumentation to each of the three test facilities, and assessment of the TRAC computer code against the test results. Evaluations of the test results were carried out in all three countries. This report summarizes the 2D/3D Program in terms of the contributing efforts of the participants, and was prepared in a coordination among three countries. US and Germany have published the report as NUREG/IA-0126 and GRS-100, respectively. (author)

Predicting 2D target velocity cannot help 2D motion integration for smooth pursuit initiation.

Science.gov (United States)

Montagnini, Anna; Spering, Miriam; Masson, Guillaume S

2006-12-01

Smooth pursuit eye movements reflect the temporal dynamics of bidimensional (2D) visual motion integration. When tracking a single, tilted line, initial pursuit direction is biased toward unidimensional (1D) edge motion signals, which are orthogonal to the line orientation. Over 200 ms, tracking direction is slowly corrected to finally match the 2D object motion during steady-state pursuit. We now show that repetition of line orientation and/or motion direction does not eliminate the transient tracking direction error nor change the time course of pursuit correction. Nonetheless, multiple successive presentations of a single orientation/direction condition elicit robust anticipatory pursuit eye movements that always go in the 2D object motion direction not the 1D edge motion direction. These results demonstrate that predictive signals about target motion cannot be used for an efficient integration of ambiguous velocity signals at pursuit initiation.

Is 'bosonic matter' unstable in 2D?

CERN Document Server

Manoukian, E B

2003-01-01

An upper bound is derived for the exact ground-state energy in 2D, E sub N <= -(me sup 4 /2 h-bar sup 2)(N sup 3 sup / sup 2 /50 pi sup 2), of 'bosonic matter' consisting of N positive and N negative charges with Coulombic interactions. This is to be compared with the classic N sup 7 sup / sup 5 3D-law of Dyson and gives rise to a more 'violent' collapse of such matter in 2D for large N. The derivation is based on a rigorous analysis which, in the process, controls the negative part of the Hamiltonian over its positive kinetic energy part and detailed estimates needed for counting trial wavefunctions of arbitrary states. A formal dimensional analysis in the style of Dyson alone shows, in arbitrary dimensions of space d = 1, 2, ..., that E sub N approx = -(me sup 4 /2 h-bar sup 2)C sub d N suprho, rho = (d + 4)/(d + 2), where C sub d is a positive constant depending on d, consistent with our rigorous bound, and we are led to conjecture that 'bosonic matter' is unstable in all dimensions.

Magnetoresistance in Co/2D MoS2/Co and Ni/2D MoS2/Ni junctions.

Science.gov (United States)

Zhang, Han; Ye, Meng; Wang, Yangyang; Quhe, Ruge; Pan, Yuanyuan; Guo, Ying; Song, Zhigang; Yang, Jinbo; Guo, Wanlin; Lu, Jing

2016-06-28

Semiconducting single-layer (SL) and few-layer MoS2 have a flat surface, free of dangling bonds. Using density functional theory coupled with non-equilibrium Green's function method, we investigate the spin-polarized transport properties of Co/2D MoS2/Co and Ni/2D MoS2/Ni junctions with MoS2 layer numbers of N = 1, 3, and 5. Well-defined interfaces are formed between MoS2 and metal electrodes. The junctions with a SL MoS2 spacer are almost metallic owing to the strong coupling between MoS2 and the ferromagnets, while those are tunneling with a few layer MoS2 spacer. Both large magnetoresistance and tunneling magnetoresistance are found when fcc or hcp Co is used as an electrode. Therefore, flat single- and few-layer MoS2 can serve as an effective nonmagnetic spacer in a magnetoresistance or tunneling magnetoresistance device with a well-defined interface.

Determinação de elementos próprios dos asteróides troianos: comparação entre as teorias semi-analítica e sintética

Science.gov (United States)

Roig, F.; Beaugé, C.

2003-08-01

Além do cálculo semi-analítico de elementos próprios dos asteróides Troianos (Beaugé & Roig 2001, Icarus 153, 391), recentemente foi apresentado um novo conjunto destes elementos próprios determinado através de uma teoria sintética (Knenezevic & Milani 2003, comunicação pessoal). As bases de dados contendo estas determinações estão disponiveis na pagina web do Asteroid Dynamical Site (http://hamilton.dm.unipi.it/cgi-bin/astdys/astibo). Nesta comunicação apresentamos os primeiros resultados de um estudo comparativo entre ambos conjuntos de elementos próprios, analisando suas vantagens e desvantagens, assim como os limites de precisão de cada conjunto. Mostramos que os elementos próprios sintéticos são mais precisos que os smi-analíticos para grandes amplitudes de libração do ângulo s = l-lJup, embora acontece o contrario para os corpos cuja amplitude de libração é muito pequena. Finalmente discutimos a influencia destes erros na determinação de familias de asteroides e da estrutura resonante em torno dos pontos Lagrangeanos L4 e L5.

Elementos traza esenciales en dos variedades de trigo y cambios de distribución de los mismos causados por el procesamiento

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Gabriela Mahecha

2009-05-01

Full Text Available Se analizaron por espectrofotometría de absorción atómica los elementos minerales esenciales en dos trigos duros comerciales, en las fracciones de la molienda del trigo (harina, salvado y mogolla y en el pan preparado de la harina.Las fracciones de salvado y mogolla contienen mayor cantidad de todos los minerales que el trigo original, en cambio el contenido en el pan y la harina es mas bajo. Estos resultados sugieren la posibilidad de enriquecer el pan con las fracciones de salvado y mogolla, las cuales son obtenidas del trigo en altas proporciones.La variedad IS68 contiene mayor cantidad de todos los elementos traza esenciales estudiados, siendo también superior su contenido que el reportado por otros investigadores que trabajaron en muestras americanas y francesas de diferentes áreas geográficas.

Elementos metacomunicativos en el artículo de divulgación médica (inglés-español e implicaciones didácticas para la formación de traductores

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

M.ª Blanca Mayor Serrano

2003-10-01

Full Text Available Los elementos metacomunicativos contribuyen a esclarecer la intención del autor del texto y a facilitarle al destinatario la recepción de la información transmitida en él, desempeñando un papel importante en el ámbito de la divulgación. Por lo tanto, se deberían tomar en consideración en la formación de traductores médicos. Sin embargo, los investigadores apenas le han prestado atención a dichos elementos, sobre todo desde un punto de vista contrastivo, a pesar de su importancia para la didáctica de la traducción. El presente artículo se centra, por lo tanto, en el estudio de los elementos metacomunicativos presentes en los artículos de divulgación médica; en concreto, muestra de qué manera dichos elementos incrementan la comprensión de los textos "especializados", en la combinación lingüística inglés-español.

Contributions in compression of 3D medical images and 2D images; Contributions en compression d'images medicales 3D et d'images naturelles 2D

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Gaudeau, Y

2006-12-15

The huge amounts of volumetric data generated by current medical imaging techniques in the context of an increasing demand for long term archiving solutions, as well as the rapid development of distant radiology make the use of compression inevitable. Indeed, if the medical community has sided until now with compression without losses, most of applications suffer from compression ratios which are too low with this kind of compression. In this context, compression with acceptable losses could be the most appropriate answer. So, we propose a new loss coding scheme based on 3D (3 dimensional) Wavelet Transform and Dead Zone Lattice Vector Quantization 3D (DZLVQ) for medical images. Our algorithm has been evaluated on several computerized tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance image volumes. The main contribution of this work is the design of a multidimensional dead zone which enables to take into account correlations between neighbouring elementary volumes. At high compression ratios, we show that it can out-perform visually and numerically the best existing methods. These promising results are confirmed on head CT by two medical patricians. The second contribution of this document assesses the effect with-loss image compression on CAD (Computer-Aided Decision) detection performance of solid lung nodules. This work on 120 significant lungs images shows that detection did not suffer until 48:1 compression and still was robust at 96:1. The last contribution consists in the complexity reduction of our compression scheme. The first allocation dedicated to 2D DZLVQ uses an exponential of the rate-distortion (R-D) functions. The second allocation for 2D and 3D medical images is based on block statistical model to estimate the R-D curves. These R-D models are based on the joint distribution of wavelet vectors using a multidimensional mixture of generalized Gaussian (MMGG) densities. (author)

Análisis del bastidor principal de la cosechadora de caña a través del Método de los Elementos Finitos. // Analysis of the main frame in cane combine-harvester using the Finite Elements Method.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

R. Estrada Cingualbres

2006-09-01

Full Text Available El bastidor de los equipos móviles es un elemento que se diseña para no ser reparado, o sea, es el elemento que caracterizala durabilidad del equipo. Para garantizar la resistencia, rigidez y durabilidad del mismo es necesario el empleo de técnicasmodernas de cálculo que permitan su perfeccionamiento desde las etapas de diseño; el Método de los Elementos Finitos(MEF es una poderosa herramienta de cálculo que goza, a partir de la difusión de potentes ordenadores personales y dediferentes sistemas profesionales de análisis, de gran uso entre los especialistas de cálculo. El presente trabajo trata sobre elanálisis del bastidor principal de la cosechadora cubana de caña de azúcar, modelo KTP-2M, utilizando las técnicas delMEF, con el fin de realizar las necesarias modificaciones que garanticen la resistencia y la rigidez en la parte trasera delbastidor con un menor uso de metal.Palabras claves: Elemento finito, bastidor, cosechadora de caña, resistencia mecánica._____________________________________________________________________________Abstract.The frame for mobile equipment’s is designed to be never repaired. For the higher level of strength, rigidity and durabilityof the frame is necessary the use of new calculation techniques during the first design stage. This work deals with the mainframe analysis of the Cuban sugar cane combine harvester KTP-2M model, using the Finite Element Method in order tomodify the frame assuring the strength and increasing the rigidity in the rear side and using less quantity of metal.Key words: Finite Element, sugar cane combine-harvester, mechanical strength, main frame.

Análisis del bastidor principal de la cosechadora de caña a través del Método de los Elementos Finitos. // Analysis of the main frame in cane combine-harvester using the Finite Elements Method.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

R. Estrada Cingualbres

2003-09-01

Full Text Available El bastidor de los equipos móviles es un elemento que se diseña para no ser reparado, o sea, es el elemento que caracterizala durabilidad del equipo. Para garantizar la resistencia, rigidez y durabilidad del mismo es necesario el empleo de técnicasmodernas de cálculo que permitan su perfeccionamiento desde las etapas de diseño; el Método de los Elementos Finitos(MEF es una poderosa herramienta de cálculo que goza, a partir de la difusión de potentes ordenadores personales y dediferentes sistemas profesionales de análisis, de gran uso entre los especialistas de cálculo. El presente trabajo trata sobre elanálisis del bastidor principal de la cosechadora cubana de caña de azúcar, modelo KTP-2M, utilizando las técnicas delMEF, con el fin de realizar las necesarias modificaciones que garanticen la resistencia y la rigidez en la parte trasera delbastidor con un menor uso de metal.Palabras claves: Elemento finito, bastidor, cosechadora de caña, resistencia mecánica._________________________________________________________________________Abstract.The frame for mobile equipment’s is designed to be never repaired. For the higher level of strength, rigidity and durabilityof the frame is necessary the use of new calculation techniques during the first design stage. This work deals with the mainframe analysis of the Cuban sugar cane combine harvester KTP-2M model, using the Finite Element Method in order tomodify the frame assuring the strength and increasing the rigidity in the rear side and using less quantity of metal.Key words: Finite Element, sugar cane combine-harvester, mechanical strength, main frame.

Comparison between a coupled 1D-2D model and a fully 2D model for supercritical flow simulation in crossroads

KAUST Repository

Ghostine, Rabih

2014-12-01

In open channel networks, flow is usually approximated by the one-dimensional (1D) Saint-Venant equations coupled with an empirical junction model. In this work, a comparison in terms of accuracy and computational cost between a coupled 1D-2D shallow water model and a fully two-dimensional (2D) model is presented. The paper explores the ability of a coupled model to simulate the flow processes during supercritical flows in crossroads. This combination leads to a significant reduction in the computational time, as a 1D approach is used in branches and a 2D approach is employed in selected areas only where detailed flow information is essential. Overall, the numerical results suggest that the coupled model is able to accurately simulate the main flow processes. In particular, hydraulic jumps, recirculation zones, and discharge distribution are reasonably well reproduced and clearly identified. Overall, the proposed model leads to a 30% reduction in run times. © 2014 International Association for Hydro-Environment Engineering and Research.

Design, synthesis, and characterization of 0-D, 1-D, and 2-D Zinc–Adeninate coordination assemblies

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

An, Ji Hyun [Dept. of Chemistry Education, Seoul National University, Seoul (Korea, Republic of); Geib, Steven J. [Dept. of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (United States); Kim, Myung Gil [Dept. of Chemistry, Chungang University, Seoul (Korea, Republic of)

2015-08-15

In this study, we demonstrate the synthesis and characterization of zinc– adeninate coordination polymers with 0-D, 1-D, and 2-D structures. We describe methods for controlling the structure of these materials by applying different synthetic conditions and discuss their structural relationships. 0-D, 1-D, and 2-D zinc–adeninate coordination polymers with the same metal–adeninate coordination mode were synthesized and characterized. By controlling the temperature, a material with 0-D macrocycle or 1-D chain coordination polymer was prepared. A replacement of pyridine with bipyridine formed 2-D sheet structure by connecting 1-D chains with each other. They exhibited an interesting relationship between synthetic methods and structures. Further study of metal–adeninate coordination chemistry will render a precise control of the structure in synthesis and will open a new venue to new materials with fascinating properties.

IGUANA A high-performance 2D and 3D visualisation system

CERN Document Server

Alverson, G; Muzaffar, S; Osborne, I; Taylor, L; Tuura, L A

2004-01-01

The IGUANA project has developed visualisation tools for multiple high-energy experiments. At the core of IGUANA is a generic, high- performance visualisation system based on OpenInventor and OpenGL. This paper describes the back-end and a feature-rich 3D visualisation system built on it, as well as a new 2D visualisation system that can automatically generate 2D views from 3D data, for example to produce R/Z or X/Y detector displays from existing 3D display with little effort. IGUANA has collaborated with the open-source gl2ps project to create a high-quality vector postscript output that can produce true vector graphics output from any OpenGL 2D or 3D display, complete with surface shading and culling of invisible surfaces. We describe how it works. We also describe how one can measure the memory and performance costs of various OpenInventor constructs and how to test scene graphs. We present good patterns to follow and bad patterns to avoid. We have added more advanced tools such as per-object clipping, sl...

UTILIZAÇÃO DE RECURSOS ERGOGÊNICOS NUTRICIONAIS E/OU FARMACOLÓGICOS EM UMA ACADEMIA DA CIDADE DE BARRA DO PIRAÍ, RJ

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Luana Palmeira Pereira

2014-02-01

Full Text Available The habit of doing workouts combined with use of nutritional ergogenic or pharmacological has grown considerably in the last years. Whether for esthetic reasons or in order to improve some performance aspects, athletes consume a large amount of these products. In this sense, the purpose of this study is: survey the consumers profile of a nutritional ergogenic resources in Barra do Piraí gyms (RJ state, enumerate the products used by users of both sexes and verify the prescription source of these products to researched participants, ascertain if the participants achieved the expected results with use of these products and if they caused any side effects. This is an observational study, which evaluated 101 athletes of both genders and social classes. It was found that the majority of participants 75% (n = 76 reported the use of nutritional ergogenic or pharmacological, with the highest prevalence among men. Two products were the most consumed: whey protein 56.57% (n = 34 and creatine 42.10% (n = 25. The majority 45% (n = 34 reported consuming ergogenic without an expert guidance. Therefore, that the study shows the importance of each time more the professional in the field of nutrition be inserted in the sports ground for possible explanations about the effects of this product type is found between sportsman.

The signaling pathway of dopamine D2 receptor (D2R) activation using normal mode analysis (NMA) and the construction of pharmacophore models for D2R ligands.

Science.gov (United States)

Salmas, Ramin Ekhteiari; Stein, Matthias; Yurtsever, Mine; Seeman, Philip; Erol, Ismail; Mestanoglu, Mert; Durdagi, Serdar

2017-07-01

G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are targets of more than 30% of marketed drugs. Investigation on the GPCRs may shed light on upcoming drug design studies. In the present study, we performed a combination of receptor- and ligand-based analysis targeting the dopamine D2 receptor (D2R). The signaling pathway of D2R activation and the construction of universal pharmacophore models for D2R ligands were also studied. The key amino acids, which contributed to the regular activation of the D2R, were in detail investigated by means of normal mode analysis (NMA). A derived cross-correlation matrix provided us an understanding of the degree of pair residue correlations. Although negative correlations were not observed in the case of the inactive D2R state, a high degree of correlation appeared between the residues in the active state. NMA results showed that the cytoplasmic side of the TM5 plays a significant role in promoting of residue-residue correlations in the active state of D2R. Tracing motions of the amino acids Arg219, Arg220, Val223, Asn224, Lys226, and Ser228 in the position of the TM5 are found to be critical in signal transduction. Complementing the receptor-based modeling, ligand-based modeling was also performed using known D2R ligands. The top-scored pharmacophore models were found as 5-sited (AADPR.671, AADRR.1398, AAPRR.3900, and ADHRR.2864) hypotheses from PHASE modeling from a pool consisting of more than 100 initial candidates. The constructed models using 38 D2R ligands (in the training set) were validated with 15 additional test set compounds. The resulting model correctly predicted the pIC 50 values of an additional test set compounds as true unknowns.

LOS SISTEMAS DE INFORMACIÓN COMO ELEMENTO ESTRATÉGICO DE LA FORMACIÓN GERENCIAL

OpenAIRE

René Hernández; Karin Silvestri; Silenis Añez; Joel Cobis

2007-01-01

La investigación realizada tiene como propósito analizar la inserción de los sistemas de información en la formación gerencial, realizando para ello una revisión de los diseños curriculares de las universidades nacionales que forman profesionales en administración, para establecer la existencia de cátedras destinadas al manejo de los sistemas de información en las escuelas de administración; así como la respectiva revisión de elementos teóricos que pudiesen brindar soporte a este estudio. La ...