Phonon-enhanced crystal growth and lattice healing

Science.gov (United States)

Buonassisi, Anthony; Bertoni, Mariana; Newman, Bonna

2013-05-28

A system for modifying dislocation distributions in semiconductor materials is provided. The system includes one or more vibrational sources for producing at least one excitation of vibrational mode having phonon frequencies so as to enhance dislocation motion through a crystal lattice.

Spin-phonon and lattice contributions to the ground-state splitting of Gd3+ and Eu2+ in scheelite crystals

Science.gov (United States)

Gorlov, A. D.

2015-07-01

The EPR spectra of Gd3+ in CaWO4 single crystals have been studied at temperatures T = 1.8, 4.2, and 114-300 K, and the temperature dependence of the parameters b {/n m } ( T) of the spin Hamiltonian has been found. The behavior of b {2/0}( T) has been analyzed. The spin-phonon and static lattice contributions b {2/0}( F) and b {2/0}( L) to b {2/0}( T) have been revealed. For this purpose, the variation of b {2/0}( L) has been calculated taking into account the thermal shifts of oxygen ions in CaWO4. Similar analysis has been carried out for CaWO4: Eu2+ based on the EPR data of other authors (Bronstein, Voterra and Harvey, Kiefte). It has been shown that at b {2/0}( F) > 0, the variation of b {2/0}( F) as a function of T for these impurity centers is described well by the Pfister model and a sign change of b {2/0}( T) for Eu2+ is determined by thermal expansion of the lattice.

Phonon-magnon resonant processes with relevance to acoustic spin pumping

KAUST Repository

Deymier, P. A.

2014-12-23

The recently described phenomenon of resonant acoustic spin pumping is due to resonant coupling between an incident elastic wave and spin waves in a ferromagnetic medium. A classical one-dimensional discrete model of a ferromagnet with two forms of magnetoelastic coupling is treated to shed light on the conditions for resonance between phonons and magnons. Nonlinear phonon-magnon interactions in the case of a coupling restricted to diagonal terms in the components of the spin degrees of freedom are analyzed within the framework of the multiple timescale perturbation theory. In that case, one-phonon-two-magnon resonances are the dominant mechanism for pumping. The effect of coupling on the dispersion relations depends on the square of the amplitude of the phonon and magnon excitations. A straightforward analysis of a linear phonon-magnon interaction in the case of a magnetoelastic coupling restricted to off-diagonal terms in the components of the spins shows a one-phonon to one-magnon resonance as the pumping mechanism. The resonant dispersion relations are independent of the amplitude of the waves. In both cases, when an elastic wave with a fixed frequency is used to stimulate magnons, application of an external magnetic field can be used to approach resonant conditions. Both resonance conditions exhibit the same type of dependency on the strength of an applied magnetic field.

Spin lattices of walking droplets

Science.gov (United States)

Saenz, Pedro; Pucci, Giuseppe; Goujon, Alexis; Dunkel, Jorn; Bush, John

2017-11-01

We present the results of an experimental investigation of the spontaneous emergence of collective behavior in spin lattice of droplets walking on a vibrating fluid bath. The bottom topography consists of relatively deep circular wells that encourage the walking droplets to follow circular trajectories centered at the lattice sites, in one direction or the other. Wave-mediated interactions between neighboring drops are enabled through a thin fluid layer between the wells. The sense of rotation of the walking droplets may thus become globally coupled. When the coupling is sufficiently strong, interactions with neighboring droplets may result in switches in spin that lead to preferred global arrangements, including correlated (all drops rotating in the same direction) or anti-correlated (neighboring drops rotating in opposite directions) states. Analogies with ferromagnetism and anti-ferromagnetism are drawn. Different spatial arrangements are presented in 1D and 2D lattices to illustrate the effects of topological frustration. This work was supported by the US National Science Foundation through Grants CMMI-1333242 and DMS-1614043.

Measurements of spin-lattice relaxation time in mixed alkali halide crystals

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Tannus, A.

1983-01-01

Using magneto-optic techniques the ground state spin-lattice relaxation times (T1) of 'F' centers in mixed Alkali Halide cristals (KCl-KBr), was studied. A computer assisted system to optically measure short relaxation times (approx. = 1mS), was described. The technique is based on the measurement of the Magnetic Circular Dicroism (MCD) presented by F centers. The T1 magnetic field dependency at 2 K (up to 65 KGauss), was obtained as well as the MCD spectra for different relative concentration at the mixed matrices. The theory developed by Panepucci and Mollenauer for F centers spin-lattice relaxation in pure matrices was modified to explain the behaviour of T1 in mixed cristals. The Direct Process results (T approx. = 2.0 K) compared against that theory shows that the main relaxation mecanism, up to 25 KGauss, continues to be phonon modulation of the hiperfine iteraction between F electrons and surrounding nuclei. (Author) [pt

Spin relaxation in quantum dots: Role of the phonon modulated spin-orbit interaction

Science.gov (United States)

Alcalde, A. M.; Romano, C. L.; Sanz, L.; Marques, G. E.

2010-01-01

We calculate the spin relaxation rates in a parabolic InSb quantum dots due to the spin interaction with acoustical phonons. We considered the deformation potential mechanism as the dominant electron-phonon coupling in the Pavlov-Firsov spin-phonon Hamiltonian. We analyze the behavior of the spin relaxation rates as a function of an external magnetic field and mean quantum dot radius. Effects of the spin admixture due to Dresselhaus contribution to spin-orbit interaction are also discussed.

Spin-lattice relaxation in phosphorescent triplet state molecules

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Verbeek, P.J.F.

1979-01-01

The present thesis contains the results of a study of spin-lattice relaxation (SLR) in the photo-excited triplet state of aromatic molecules, dissolved in a molecular host crystal. It appears that SLR in phosphorescent triplet state molecules often is related to the presence of so-called (pseudo) localized phonons in the molecular mixed crystals. These local phonons can be thought to correspond with vibrations (librations) of the guest molecule in the force field of the surrounding host molecules. Since the intermolecular forces are relatively weak, the frequencies corresponding with these vibrations are relatively low and usually are of the order of 10-30 cm -1 . (Auth.)

One dimensionalization in the spin-1 Heisenberg model on the anisotropic triangular lattice

Science.gov (United States)

Gonzalez, M. G.; Ghioldi, E. A.; Gazza, C. J.; Manuel, L. O.; Trumper, A. E.

2017-11-01

We investigate the effect of dimensional crossover in the ground state of the antiferromagnetic spin-1 Heisenberg model on the anisotropic triangular lattice that interpolates between the regime of weakly coupled Haldane chains (J'≪J ) and the isotropic triangular lattice (J'=J ). We use the density-matrix renormalization group (DMRG) and Schwinger boson theory performed at the Gaussian correction level above the saddle-point solution. Our DMRG results show an abrupt transition between decoupled spin chains and the spirally ordered regime at (J'/J) c˜0.42 , signaled by the sudden closing of the spin gap. Coming from the magnetically ordered side, the computation of the spin stiffness within Schwinger boson theory predicts the instability of the spiral magnetic order toward a magnetically disordered phase with one-dimensional features at (J'/J) c˜0.43 . The agreement of these complementary methods, along with the strong difference found between the intra- and the interchain DMRG short spin-spin correlations for sufficiently large values of the interchain coupling, suggests that the interplay between the quantum fluctuations and the dimensional crossover effects gives rise to the one-dimensionalization phenomenon in this frustrated spin-1 Hamiltonian.

Interaction Between Electrons, Magnons and Phonons in Nickel. RCN Report

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Frikkee, E.

1971-02-01

By means of inelastic neutron scattering, a localized electron excitation was observed in Ni and (4% Fe). The excitation interacts with magnons and phonons, and is assumed to correspond with transitions between the nearly-degenerate electronstates Δ 6 ↑ and Δ 7 ↑ near X, which are situated just below the Fermi level.Selection rules for electron-phonon and electronmagnon scattering are determined by means of group theory. It is found that in particular the transverse (Δ 5 ) phonons in the [100] direction are perturbed. The observed neutron-electron scattering turns out to be an indirect process, which is only possible due to the interaction between the (Δ 6 , Δ 7 ) electrons and the lattice. The basic mechanism for the observed effects is the electron spin-orbit coupling, which establishes the interaction between the electron spin system and the lattice. (author)

Isoscalar spin-spin interaction within the quasiparticle-phonon nuclear model

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Dao Tien Khoa; Ponomarev, V.Yu.; Vdovin, A.I.

1986-01-01

The isoscalar spin-spin interaction constant in the quasiparticle-phonon nuclear model (QPM) has been determined from the available experimental data on the isoscalar 1 + state (E x =5.846 MeV) in 208 Pb. The isoscalar spin-spin interaction turns out to be weaker than the isovector one by an order of magnitude. The cross sections of (e, e') and (p, p') reactions with the excitation of this 1 + -state have been calculated. The QPM gives a good description of the behaviour of (e, e')-cross section at q eff -1 and reproduces absolute value of this cross section with the effective g s -factors weaker than the g s -factors for free nucleon by 20%. The description of the (p, p')-angular distribution of 201 MeV photon inelastic scattering is poorer. The absolute value of the calculated (p, p') cross section overestimates the experimental data by a factor of about 1.4. This is consistent with the quenching factor for (e, e') cross section. The interaction with two-phonon configurations influences very weakly the isoscalar 1 + -level

Phonon-mediated Thermal Conductivity in Ionic Solids by Lattice Dynamics-based Methods

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Chernatynskiy, Aleksandr [Univ. of Florida, Gainesville, FL (United States); Turney, Joseph E. [Carnegie Mellon Univ., Pittsburgh, PA (United States); McGaughey, Alan J. H. [Carnegie Mellon Univ., Pittsburgh, PA (United States); Amon, Christina H. [Univ. of Toronto, ON (Canada); Phillpot, Simon R. [Univ. of Florida, Gainesville, FL (United States)

2011-07-22

Phonon properties predicted from lattice dynamics calculations and the Boltzmann Transport Equation (BTE) are used to elucidate the thermal-transport properties of ionic materials. It is found that a rigorous treatment of the Coulombic interactions within the harmonic analysis is needed for the analysis of the phonon structure of the solid, while a short-range approximation is sufficient for the third-order force constants. The effects on the thermal conductivity of the relaxation time approximation, the classical approximation to the phonon statistics, the direct summation method for the electrostatic interactions, and the quasi-harmonic approximation to lattice dynamics are quantified. Quantitative agreement is found between predictions from molecular dynamics simulations (a method valid at temperatures above the Debye temperature) and the BTE result within quasi-harmonic approximation over a wide temperature range.

Spin relaxation rates in quantum dots: Role of the phonon modulated spin orbit interaction

Science.gov (United States)

Alcalde, A. M.; Romano, C. L.; Marques, G. E.

2008-11-01

We calculate the spin relaxation rates in InAs and GaAs parabolic quantum dots due to the interaction of spin carriers with acoustical phonons. We consider a spin relaxation mechanism completely intrinsic to the system, since it is based on the modulation of the spin-orbit interaction by the acoustic phonon potential, which is independent of any structural properties of the confinement potential. The electron-phonon deformation potential and the piezoelectric interaction are described by the Pavlov-Firsov spin-phonon Hamiltonian. Our results demonstrate that, for narrow-gap semiconductors, the deformation potential interaction becomes dominant. This behavior is not observed for wide or intermediate gap semiconductors, where the piezoelectric coupling, in general, governs the relaxation processes. We also demonstrate that the spin relaxation rates are particularly sensitive to values of the Landé g-factor, which depend strongly on the spatial shape of the confinement.

Direct calculation of the spin stiffness on square, triangular and cubic lattices using the coupled cluster method

OpenAIRE

Krüger, S. E.; Darradi, R.; Richter, J.; Farnell, D. J. J

2006-01-01

We present a method for the direct calculation of the spin stiffness by means of the coupled cluster method. For the spin-half Heisenberg antiferromagnet on the square, the triangular and the cubic lattices we calculate the stiffness in high orders of approximation. For the square and the cubic lattices our results are in very good agreement with the best results available in the literature. For the triangular lattice our result is more precise than any other result obtained so far by other a...

Measuring the spin Chern number in time-reversal-invariant Hofstadter optical lattices

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Zhang, Dan-Wei, E-mail: zdanwei@126.com [Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Engineering and Quantum Materials, SPTE, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006 (China); Cao, Shuai, E-mail: shuaicao2004@163.com [Department of Applied Physics, College of Electronic Engineering, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642 China (China)

2016-10-14

We propose an experimental scheme to directly measure the spin Chern number of the time-reversal-invariant Hofstadter model in optical lattices. We first show that this model can be realized by using ultracold Fermi atoms with two pseudo-spin states encoded by the internal Zeeman states in a square optical lattice and the corresponding topological Bloch bands are characterized by the spin Chern number. We then propose and numerically demonstrate that this topological invariant can be extracted from the shift of the hybrid Wannier center in the optical lattice. By spin-resolved in situ detection of the atomic densities along the transverse direction combined with time-of-flight measurement along another spatial direction, the spin Chern number in this system is directly measured. - Highlights: • The cold-atom optical-lattice scheme for realizing the time-reversal-invariant Hofstadter model is proposed. • The intrinsic spin Chern number related to the hybrid Wannier center in the optical lattice is investigated. • Direct measurement of the spin Chern number in the proposed system is theoretically demonstrated.

Nuclear spin-lattice relaxation in nitroxide spin-label EPR.

Science.gov (United States)

Marsh, Derek

2016-11-01

Nuclear relaxation is a sensitive monitor of rotational dynamics in spin-label EPR. It also contributes competing saturation transfer pathways in T 1 -exchange spectroscopy, and the determination of paramagnetic relaxation enhancement in site-directed spin labelling. A survey shows that the definition of nitrogen nuclear relaxation rate W n commonly used in the CW-EPR literature for 14 N-nitroxyl spin labels is inconsistent with that currently adopted in time-resolved EPR measurements of saturation recovery. Redefinition of the normalised 14 N spin-lattice relaxation rate, b=W n /(2W e ), preserves the expressions used for CW-EPR, whilst rendering them consistent with expressions for saturation recovery rates in pulsed EPR. Furthermore, values routinely quoted for nuclear relaxation times that are deduced from EPR spectral diffusion rates in 14 N-nitroxyl spin labels do not accord with conventional analysis of spin-lattice relaxation in this three-level system. Expressions for CW-saturation EPR with the revised definitions are summarised. Data on nitrogen nuclear spin-lattice relaxation times are compiled according to the three-level scheme for 14 N-relaxation: T 1 n =1/W n . Results are compared and contrasted with those for the two-level 15 N-nitroxide system. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Magnon and phonon thermometry with inelastic light scattering

Science.gov (United States)

Olsson, Kevin S.; An, Kyongmo; Li, Xiaoqin

2018-04-01

Spin caloritronics investigates the interplay between the transport of spin and heat. In the spin Seebeck effect, a thermal gradient across a magnetic material generates a spin current. A temperature difference between the energy carriers of the spin and lattice subsystems, namely the magnons and phonons, is necessary for such thermal nonequilibrium generation of spin current. Inelastic light scattering is a powerful method that can resolve the individual temperatures of magnons and phonons. In this review, we discuss the thermometry capabilities of inelastic light scattering for measuring optical and acoustic phonons, as well as magnons. A scattering spectrum offers three temperature sensitive parameters: frequency shift, linewidth, and integrated intensity. We discuss the temperatures measured via each of these parameters for both phonon and magnons. Finally, we discuss inelastic light scattering experiments that have examined the magnon and phonon temperatures in thermal nonequilibrium which are particularly relevant to spin caloritronic phenomena.

Phonon emission in a degenerate semiconductor at low lattice temperatures

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Midday, S.; Nag, S.; Bhattacharya, D.P.

2015-01-01

The characteristics of phonon growth in a degenerate semiconductor at low lattice temperatures have been studied for inelastic interaction of non-equilibrium electrons with the intravalley acoustic phonons. The energy of the phonon and the full form of the phonon distribution are taken into account. The results reveal significant changes in the growth characteristics compared to the same for a non-degenerate material

Extraordinary lateral beaming of sound from a square-lattice phononic crystal

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bai, Xiaoxue; Qiu, Chunyin; He, Hailong; Peng, Shasha; Ke, Manzhu [Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education and School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072 (China); Liu, Zhengyou, E-mail: zyliu@whu.edu.cn [Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education and School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072 (China); Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072 (China)

2017-03-03

Highlights: • An extraordinary lateral beaming phenomenon is observed in a finite phononic crystal made of square lattice. • The phenomenon can be explained by the equivalence of the states located around the four corners of the first Brillouin zone. • The lateral beaming behavior enables a simple design of acoustic beam splitters. • In some sense, the phenomenon can be described by a near zero refractive index. - Abstract: This work revisits the sound transmission through a finite phononic crystal of square lattice. In addition to a direct, ordinary transmission through the sample, an extraordinary lateral beaming effect is also observed. The phenomenon stems from the equivalence of the states located around the four corners of the first Brillouin zone. The experimental result agrees well with the theoretical prediction. The lateral beaming behavior enables a simple design for realizing acoustic beam splitters.

Study on frugmentation of one-quasiparticle and one-phonon states in the quasiparticle-phonon nuclear model

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Solov'ev, V.G.

1980-01-01

The general assumptions of the quasiparticle-phonon nuclear model are given. This model describes the few-quasiparticle components of the wave functions at low, intermediate and high excitation energies. The method of strength functions which plays a key role in describing complex nuclei is also presented. A further development of the quasiparticle-phonon nuclear model is outlined. The fragmentation of one-quasiparticle and one-phonon states over nuclear levels is studied. The results on the fragmentation of deep hole states in spherical nuclei are presented, which describe well the experimental data. The neutron strength functions and their spin dependence are calculated. A good agreement with experiment is obtained. The energies and widths of the giant resonances are calculated in spherical and deformed nuclei. The information on the many-quasiparticle components of excited state wave functions is shown to be very scarce. The necessity of studying the few-quasiparticle configurations is pointed out

The spin-Peierls chain revisited

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hager, Georg; Weisse, Alexander; Wellein, Gerhard; Jeckelmann, Eric; Fehske, Holger

2007-01-01

We extend previous analytical studies of the ground-state phase diagram of a one-dimensional Heisenberg spin chain coupled to optical phonons, which for increasing spin-lattice coupling undergoes a quantum phase transition from a gapless to a gaped phase with finite lattice dimerisation. We check the analytical results against established four-block and new two-block density matrix renormalisation group (DMRG) calculations. Different finite-size scaling behaviour of the spin excitation gaps is found in the adiabatic and anti-adiabatic regimes

Band structures of phononic crystal composed of lattices with different periodic constants

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hu, Jia-Guang; Xu, Wen

2014-01-01

With a square lattice mercury and water system being as the model, the band structures of nesting and compound phononic crystals with two different lattice constants were investigated using the method of the supercell plane wave expansion. It was observed that large band gaps can be achieved in low frequency regions by adjusting one of the lattice constants. Meanwhile, effects similar to interstitial impurity defects can be achieved with the increase of lattice constant of the phononic crystal. The corresponding defect modes can be stimulated in band gaps. The larger the lattice constant, the stronger the localization effect of defect modes on the wave. In addition, the change of the filling fraction of impurity exerts great influence on the frequency and localization of defect modes. Furthermore, the change of the position of impurity has notable influence on the frequency of defect modes and their localization. However, the geometry structure and orientation of impurity have little effect on the frequency of defect modes and their localization in the band gap.

Spin-orbit and spin-lattice coupling

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bauer, Gerrit E.W.; Ziman, Timothy; Mori, Michiyasu

2014-01-01

We pursued theoretical research on the coupling of electron spins in the condensed matter to the lattice as mediated by the spin-orbit interaction with special focus on the spin and anomalous Hall effects. (author)

Phonon dispersion in vanadium

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ivanov, A.S.; Rumiantsev, A.Yu.

1999-01-01

Complete text of publication follows. Phonon dispersion curves in Vanadium metal are investigated by neutron inelastic scattering using three-axis spectrometers. Due to extremely low coherent scattering amplitude of neutrons in natural isotope mixture of vanadium the phonon frequencies could be determined in the energy range below about 15 meV. Several phonon groups were measured with the polarised neutron scattering set-up. It is demonstrated that the intensity of coherent inelastic scattering observed in the non-spin-flip channel vanishes in the spin-flip channel. The phonon density of states is measured on a single crystal keeping the momentum transfer equal to a vector of reciprocal lattice where the coherent inelastic scattering is suppressed. Phonon dispersion curves in vanadium, as measured by neutron and earlier by X-ray scattering, are described in frames of a charge-fluctuation model involving monopolar and dipolar degrees of freedom. The model parameters are compared for different transition metals with body-centred cubic-structure. (author)

One-dimensional hypersonic phononic crystals.

Science.gov (United States)

Gomopoulos, N; Maschke, D; Koh, C Y; Thomas, E L; Tremel, W; Butt, H-J; Fytas, G

2010-03-10

We report experimental observation of a normal incidence phononic band gap in one-dimensional periodic (SiO(2)/poly(methyl methacrylate)) multilayer film at gigahertz frequencies using Brillouin spectroscopy. The band gap to midgap ratio of 0.30 occurs for elastic wave propagation along the periodicity direction, whereas for inplane propagation the system displays an effective medium behavior. The phononic properties are well captured by numerical simulations. The porosity in the silica layers presents a structural scaffold for the introduction of secondary active media for potential coupling between phonons and other excitations, such as photons and electrons.

Lattice relaxation theory of localized excitations in quasi-one-dimensional systems

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wang Chuilin; Su Zhaobin; Yu Lu.

1993-04-01

The lattice relaxation theory developed earlier by Su and Yu for solitons and polarons in conducting polymers is applied to systems with both electron-phonon and electron-electron interactions, described by a single band Peierls-Hubbard model. The localized excitations in the competing bond-order-wave (BOW), charge-density-wave (CDW) and spin-density-wave (SDW) systems show interesting new features in their dynamics. In particular, a non-monotonic dependence of the relaxation rate on the coupling strength is predicted from the theory. The possible connection of this effect with photo-luminescence experiments is discussed. Similar phenomena may occur in other quasi-one-dimensional systems as well. (author). 21 refs, 4 figs

Nuclear spin-lattice relaxation in nitroxide spin-label EPR

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Marsh, Derek

2016-01-01

that the definition of nitrogen nuclear relaxation rate Wn commonly used in the CW-EPR literature for 14N-nitroxyl spin labels is inconsistent with that currently adopted in time-resolved EPR measurements of saturation recovery. Redefinition of the normalised 14N spin-lattice relaxation rate, b = Wn/(2We), preserves...... of spin-lattice relaxation in this three-level system. Expressions for CW-saturation EPR with the revised definitions are summarised. Data on nitrogen nuclear spin-lattice relaxation times are compiled according to the three-level scheme for 14N-relaxation: T1 n = 1/Wn. Results are compared and contrasted...

Quantum Solitons and Localized Modes in a One-Dimensional Lattice Chain with Nonlinear Substrate Potential

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Li Dejun; Mi Xianwu; Deng Ke; Tang Yi

2006-01-01

In the classical lattice theory, solitons and localized modes can exist in many one-dimensional nonlinear lattice chains, however, in the quantum lattice theory, whether quantum solitons and localized modes can exist or not in the one-dimensional lattice chains is an interesting problem. By using the number state method and the Hartree approximation combined with the method of multiple scales, we investigate quantum solitons and localized modes in a one-dimensional lattice chain with the nonlinear substrate potential. It is shown that quantum solitons do exist in this nonlinear lattice chain, and at the boundary of the phonon Brillouin zone, quantum solitons become quantum localized modes, phonons are pinned to the lattice of the vicinity at the central position j = j 0 .

Thermal transport through a spin-phonon interacting junction: A nonequilibrium Green's function method study

Science.gov (United States)

Zhang, Zu-Quan; Lü, Jing-Tao

2017-09-01

Using the nonequilibrium Green's function method, we consider heat transport in an insulating ferromagnetic spin chain model with spin-phonon interaction under an external magnetic field. Employing the Holstein-Primakoff transformation to the spin system, we treat the resulted magnon-phonon interaction within the self-consistent Born approximation. We find the magnon-phonon coupling can change qualitatively the magnon thermal conductance in the high-temperature regime. At a spectral mismatched ferromagnetic-normal insulator interface, we also find thermal rectification and negative differential thermal conductance due to the magnon-phonon interaction. We show that these effects can be effectively tuned by the external applied magnetic field, a convenient advantage absent in anharmonic phonon and electron-phonon systems studied before.

Pseudospins and Topological Effects of Phonons in a Kekulé Lattice

Science.gov (United States)

Liu, Yizhou; Lian, Chao-Sheng; Li, Yang; Xu, Yong; Duan, Wenhui

2017-12-01

The search for exotic topological effects of phonons has attracted enormous interest for both fundamental science and practical applications. By studying phonons in a Kekulé lattice, we find a new type of pseudospin characterized by quantized Berry phases and pseudoangular momenta, which introduces various novel topological effects, including topologically protected pseudospin-polarized interface states and a phonon pseudospin Hall effect. We further demonstrate a pseudospin-contrasting optical selection rule and a pseudospin Zeeman effect, giving a complete generation-manipulation-detection paradigm of the phonon pseudospin. The pseudospin and topology-related physics revealed for phonons is general and applicable for electrons, photons, and other particles.

Inducing spin-dependent tunneling to probe magnetic correlations in optical lattices

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Pedersen, Kim-Georg; Andersen, Brian; Syljuåsen, Olav

2012-01-01

We suggest a simple experimental method for probing antiferromagnetic spin correlations of two-component Fermi gases in optical lattices. The method relies on a spin selective Raman transition to excite atoms of one spin species to their first excited vibrational mode where the tunneling is large....... The resulting difference in the tunneling dynamics of the two spin species can then be exploited, to reveal the spin correlations by measuring the number of doubly occupied lattice sites at a later time. We perform quantum Monte Carlo simulations of the spin system and solve the optical lattice dynamics...

Heat transport in two-dimensional materials by directly solving the phonon Boltzmann equation under Callaway's dual relaxation model

Science.gov (United States)

Guo, Yangyu; Wang, Moran

2017-10-01

The single mode relaxation time approximation has been demonstrated to greatly underestimate the lattice thermal conductivity of two-dimensional materials due to the collective effect of phonon normal scattering. Callaway's dual relaxation model represents a good approximation to the otherwise ab initio solution of the phonon Boltzmann equation. In this work we develop a discrete-ordinate-method (DOM) scheme for the numerical solution of the phonon Boltzmann equation under Callaway's model. Heat transport in a graphene ribbon with different geometries is modeled by our scheme, which produces results quite consistent with the available molecular dynamics, Monte Carlo simulations, and experimental measurements. Callaway's lattice thermal conductivity model with empirical boundary scattering rates is examined and shown to overestimate or underestimate the direct DOM solution. The length convergence of the lattice thermal conductivity of a rectangular graphene ribbon is explored and found to depend appreciably on the ribbon width, with a semiquantitative correlation provided between the convergence length and the width. Finally, we predict the existence of a phonon Knudsen minimum in a graphene ribbon only at a low system temperature and isotope concentration so that the average normal scattering rate is two orders of magnitude stronger than the intrinsic resistive one. The present work will promote not only the methodology for the solution of the phonon Boltzmann equation but also the theoretical modeling and experimental detection of hydrodynamic phonon transport in two-dimensional materials.

Large-amplitude superexchange of high-spin fermions in optical lattices

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Jürgensen, Ole; Heinze, Jannes; Lühmann, Dirk-Sören

2013-01-01

We show that fermionic high-spin systems with spin-changing collisions allow one to monitor superexchange processes in optical superlattices with large amplitudes and strong spin fluctuations. By investigating the non-equilibrium dynamics, we find a superexchange dominated regime at weak interactions. The underlying mechanism is driven by an emerging tunneling-energy gap in shallow few-well potentials. As a consequence, the interaction-energy gap that is expected to occur only for strong interactions in deep lattices is re-established. By tuning the optical lattice depth, a crossover between two regimes with negligible particle number fluctuations is found: firstly, the common regime with vanishing spin-fluctuations in deep lattices and, secondly, a novel regime with strong spin fluctuations in shallow lattices. We discuss the possible experimental realization with ultracold 40 K atoms and observable quantities in double wells and two-dimensional plaquettes. (paper)

Soft phonon modes driven huge difference on lattice thermal conductivity between topological semimetal WC and WN

Science.gov (United States)

Guo, San-Dong; Chen, Peng

2018-04-01

Topological semimetals are currently attracting increasing interest due to their potential applications in topological qubits and low-power electronics, which are closely related to their thermal transport properties. Recently, the triply degenerate nodal points near the Fermi level of WC are observed by using angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy. In this work, by solving the Boltzmann transport equation based on first-principles calculations, we systematically investigate the phonon transport properties of topological semimetals WC and WN. The predicted room-temperature lattice thermal conductivities of WC (WN) along the a and c directions are 1140.64 (7.47) W m-1 K-1 and 1214.69 (5.39) W m-1 K-1. Considering the similar crystal structure of WC and WN, it is quite interesting to find that the thermal conductivity of WC is more than two orders of magnitude higher than that of WN. It is found that, different from WN, the large acoustic-optical (a-o) gap prohibits the acoustic+acoustic → optical (aao) scattering, which gives rise to very long phonon lifetimes, leading to ultrahigh lattice thermal conductivity in WC. For WN, the lack of an a-o gap is due to soft phonon modes in optical branches, which can provide more scattering channels for aao scattering, producing very short phonon lifetimes. Further deep insight can be attained from their different electronic structures. Distinctly different from that in WC, the density of states of WN at the Fermi level becomes very sharp, which leads to destabilization of WN, producing soft phonon modes. It is found that the small shear modulus G and C44 limit the stability of WN, compared with WC. Our studies provide valuable information for phonon transports in WC and WN, and motivate further experimental studies to study their lattice thermal conductivities.

Parallel computer calculation of quantum spin lattices

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lamarcq, J.

1998-01-01

Numerical simulation allows the theorists to convince themselves about the validity of the models they use. Particularly by simulating the spin lattices one can judge about the validity of a conjecture. Simulating a system defined by a large number of degrees of freedom requires highly sophisticated machines. This study deals with modelling the magnetic interactions between the ions of a crystal. Many exact results have been found for spin 1/2 systems but not for systems of other spins for which many simulation have been carried out. The interest for simulations has been renewed by the Haldane's conjecture stipulating the existence of a energy gap between the ground state and the first excited states of a spin 1 lattice. The existence of this gap has been experimentally demonstrated. This report contains the following four chapters: 1. Spin systems; 2. Calculation of eigenvalues; 3. Programming; 4. Parallel calculation

Temperature-dependent thermal conductivities of one-dimensional nonlinear Klein-Gordon lattices with a soft on-site potential.

Science.gov (United States)

Yang, Linlin; Li, Nianbei; Li, Baowen

2014-12-01

The temperature-dependent thermal conductivities of one-dimensional nonlinear Klein-Gordon lattices with soft on-site potential (soft-KG) are investigated systematically. Similarly to the previously studied hard-KG lattices, the existence of renormalized phonons is also confirmed in soft-KG lattices. In particular, the temperature dependence of the renormalized phonon frequency predicted by a classical field theory is verified by detailed numerical simulations. However, the thermal conductivities of soft-KG lattices exhibit the opposite trend in temperature dependence in comparison with those of hard-KG lattices. The interesting thing is that the temperature-dependent thermal conductivities of both soft- and hard-KG lattices can be interpreted in the same framework of effective phonon theory. According to the effective phonon theory, the exponents of the power-law dependence of the thermal conductivities as a function of temperature are only determined by the exponents of the soft or hard on-site potentials. These theoretical predictions are consistently verified very well by extensive numerical simulations.

Temperature-dependent thermal conductivities of one-dimensional nonlinear Klein-Gordon lattices with a soft on-site potential

Science.gov (United States)

Yang, Linlin; Li, Nianbei; Li, Baowen

2014-12-01

The temperature-dependent thermal conductivities of one-dimensional nonlinear Klein-Gordon lattices with soft on-site potential (soft-KG) are investigated systematically. Similarly to the previously studied hard-KG lattices, the existence of renormalized phonons is also confirmed in soft-KG lattices. In particular, the temperature dependence of the renormalized phonon frequency predicted by a classical field theory is verified by detailed numerical simulations. However, the thermal conductivities of soft-KG lattices exhibit the opposite trend in temperature dependence in comparison with those of hard-KG lattices. The interesting thing is that the temperature-dependent thermal conductivities of both soft- and hard-KG lattices can be interpreted in the same framework of effective phonon theory. According to the effective phonon theory, the exponents of the power-law dependence of the thermal conductivities as a function of temperature are only determined by the exponents of the soft or hard on-site potentials. These theoretical predictions are consistently verified very well by extensive numerical simulations.

Theory of generation of angular momentum of phonons by heat current and its conversion to spins

Science.gov (United States)

Hamada, Masato; Murakami, Shuichi

Spin-rotation coupling in crystals will enable us to convert between spin current and mechanical rotations, as has been studied in surface acoustic waves, in liquid metals, and in carbon nanotubes. In this presentation we focus on angular momentum of phonons. In nonmagnetic crystals without inversion symmetry, we theoretically demonstrate that phonon modes generally have angular momenta depending on their wave vectors. In equilibrium the sum of the angular momenta is zero. On the other hand, if a heat current flows in the crystal, nonequilibrium phonon distribution leads to nonzero total angular momentum of phonons. It can be observed as a rotation of crystal itself, and as a spin current induced by these phonons via the spin-rotation coupling.

Investigation the effect of lattice angle on the band gap width in 3D phononic crystals with rhombohedral(I) lattice

Science.gov (United States)

Salehi, H.; Aryadoust, M.; Shoushtari, M. Zargar

2014-07-01

In this paper, the propagation of acoustic waves in the phononic crystal of 3D with rhombohedral(I) lattice is studied theoretically. The crystal composite constituted of nickel spheres embedded in epoxy. The calculations of the band structure and density of states are performed with the plane wave expansion method in the irreducible part of Brillouin zone. In the present work, we have investigated the effect of lattice angle on the band structure and width of the band gap rhombohedral(I) lattice in the irreducible part of the first Brillouin zone and its planes separately. The results show that more than one complete band gape are formed in the four planes of the irreducible part. The most complete band gaps are formed in the (111) plane and the widest complete band gap in (443) with an angle greater than 80. So, if the sound passes through the (111) and (443) planes for the lattice angle close to 90, the crystal phononic displays the excellent insulation behavior. Moreover, in the other planes, the lattice angle does not affect on the width and the number of band gaps. Also, for the filling fraction 5 %, the widest complete band gap is formed. These results are consistent with the effect of symmetry on the band gap width, because the (111) plane has the most symmetry.

The lattice dynamical studies of rare earth compounds: electron-phonon interactions

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Jha, Prafulla K.; Sanyal, Sankar P.; Singh, R.K.

2002-01-01

During the last two decades chalcogenides and pnictides of rare earth (RE) atoms have drawn considerable attention of the solid state physicists because of their peculiar electronic, magnetic, optical and phonon properties. Some of these compounds e.g. sulphides and selenides of cerium (Ce), samarium (Sm), yttrium (Y), ytterbium (Yb), europium (Eu) and thulium (Tm) and their alloys show nonintegral valence (between 2 and 3), arising due to f-d electron hybridization at ambient temperature and pressure. The rare earth mixed valence compounds (MVC) reviewed in this article crystallize in simple cubic structure. Most of these compounds show the existence of strong electron-phonon coupling at half way to the zone boundary. This fact manifests itself through softening of the longitudinal acoustic mode, negative value of elastic constant C 12 etc. The purpose of this contribution is to review some of the recent activities in the fields of lattice dynamics and allied properties of rare earth compounds. The present article is primarily devoted to review the effect of electron-phonon interactions on the dynamical properties of rare earth compounds by using the lattice dynamical model theories based on charged density deformations and long-range many body forces. While the long range charge transfer effect arises due to f-d hybridization of nearly degenerate 4f-5d bands of rare earth ions, the density deformation comes into the picture of breathing motion of electron shells. These effects of charge transfer and charge density deformation when considered in the lattice dynamical models namely the three body force rigid ion model (TRM) and breathing shell model (BSM) are quite successful in explaining the phonon anomalies in these compounds and undoubtedly unraveled many important physical process governing the phonon anomalies in rare earth compounds

Observation of magnetoelastic effects in a quasi-one-dimensional spiral magnet

Science.gov (United States)

Wang, Chong; Yu, Daiwei; Liu, Xiaoqiang; Chen, Rongyan; Du, Xinyu; Hu, Biaoyan; Wang, Lichen; Iida, Kazuki; Kamazawa, Kazuya; Wakimoto, Shuichi; Feng, Ji; Wang, Nanlin; Li, Yuan

2017-08-01

We present a systematic study of spin and lattice dynamics in the quasi-one-dimensional spiral magnet CuBr2, using Raman scattering in conjunction with infrared and neutron spectroscopy. Along with the development of spin correlations upon cooling, we observe a rich set of broad Raman bands at energies that correspond to phonon-dispersion energies near the one-dimensional magnetic wave vector. The low-energy bands further exhibit a distinct intensity maximum at the spiral magnetic ordering temperature. We attribute these unusual observations to two possible underlying mechanisms: (1) formation of hybrid spin-lattice excitations and/or (2) "quadrumerization" of the lattice caused by spin-singlet entanglement in competition with the spiral magnetism.

Spin-dependent electron-phonon coupling in the valence band of single-layer WS₂

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Hinsche, Nicki Frank; Ngankeu, Arlette S.; Guilloy, Kevin

2017-01-01

The absence of inversion symmetry leads to a strong spin-orbit splitting of the upper valence band of semiconducting single-layer transition-metal dichalchogenides such as MoS2 or WS2. This permits a direct comparison of the electron-phonon coupling strength in states that only differ by their spin....... Here, the electron-phonon coupling in the valence band maximum of single-layer WS2 is studied by first-principles calculations and angle-resolved photoemission. The coupling strength is found to be drastically different for the two spin-split branches, with calculated values of λK=0.0021 and 0.......40 for the upper and lower spin-split valence band of the freestanding layer, respectively. This difference is somewhat reduced when including scattering processes involving the Au(111) substrate present in the experiment but it remains significant, in good agreement with the experimental results....

The manifestation of spin-phonon coupling in CaMnO{sub 3}

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Goian, V., E-mail: goian@fzu.cz; Kamba, S.; Borodavka, F.; Nuzhnyy, D.; Savinov, M. [Institute of Physics, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Na Slovance 2, 182 21 Prague (Czech Republic); Belik, A. A. [International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044 (Japan)

2015-04-28

Recently predicted presence of spin-phonon coupling in the CaMnO{sub 3} is experimentally confirmed in infrared (IR), Raman and time-domain THz spectra. Most of phonon frequencies seen below 350 cm{sup −1} exhibit significant shifts on cooling below antiferromagnetic phase transition at T{sub N} ≅ 120 K. Moreover, several new modes activate in the IR and Raman spectra on cooling below T{sub N}. Sum of phonon contributions to static permittivity exhibits small but reliable anomaly at T{sub N}. On the other hand, the spin-phonon coupling is not manifested in temperature dependence of radio-frequency permittivity, because intrinsic permittivity is screened by extrinsic contribution from conductivity, which enhances the permittivity to giant values.

Nuclear spin-lattice relaxation in carbon nanostructures

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Panich, A.M., E-mail: pan@bgu.ac.i [Department of Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, P.O. Box 653, Beer Sheva 84105 (Israel); Sergeev, N.A. [Institute of Physics, University of Szczecin, 70-451 Szczecin (Poland)

2010-04-15

Interpretation of nuclear spin-lattice relaxation data in the carbon nanostructures is usually based on the analysis of fluctuations of dipole-dipole interactions of nuclear spins and anisotropic electron-nuclear interactions responsible for chemical shielding, which are caused by molecular dynamics. However, many nanocarbon systems such as fullerene and nanotube derivatives, nanodiamonds and carbon onions reveal noticeable amount of paramagnetic defects with unpaired electrons originating from dangling bonds. The interaction between nuclear and electron spins strongly influences the nuclear spin-lattice relaxation, but usually is not taken into account, thus the relaxation data are not correctly interpreted. Here we report on the temperature dependent NMR spectra and spin-lattice relaxation measurements of intercalated fullerenes C{sub 60}(MF{sub 6}){sub 2} (M=As and Sb), where nuclear relaxation is caused by both molecular rotation and interaction between nuclei and unpaired electron spins. We present a detailed theoretical analysis of the spin-lattice relaxation data taking into account both these contributions. Good agreement between the experimental data and calculations is obtained. The developed approach would be useful in interpreting the NMR relaxation data in different nanostructures and their intercalation compounds.

Influence of lattice distortion on the Curie temperature and spin-phonon coupling in LaMn{sub 0.5}Co{sub 0.5}O{sub 3}

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Viswanathan, M; Anil Kumar, P S [Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012 (India); Bhadram, Venkata Srinu; Narayana, Chandrabhas [Chemistry and Physics of Materials Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore 560064 (India); Bera, A K; Yusuf, S M, E-mail: viswanathan.mohandoss@yahoo.co, E-mail: anil@physics.iisc.ernet.i [Solid State Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085 (India)

2010-09-01

Two distinct ferromagnetic phases of LaMn{sub 0.5}Co{sub 0.5}O{sub 3} having monoclinic structure with distinct physical properties have been studied. The ferromagnetic ordering temperature T{sub c} is found to be different for both the phases. The origin of such contrasting characteristics is assigned to the changes in the distance(s) and angle(s) between Mn-O-Co resulting from distortions observed from neutron diffraction studies. Investigations on the temperature dependent Raman spectroscopy provide evidence for such structural characteristics, which affects the exchange interaction. The difference in B-site ordering which is evident from the neutron diffraction is also responsible for the difference in T{sub c}. Raman scattering suggests the presence of spin-phonon coupling for both the phases around the T{sub c}. Electrical transport properties of both the phases have been investigated based on the lattice distortion.

A spin-orbital-entangled quantum liquid on a honeycomb lattice

Science.gov (United States)

Kitagawa, K.; Takayama, T.; Matsumoto, Y.; Kato, A.; Takano, R.; Kishimoto, Y.; Bette, S.; Dinnebier, R.; Jackeli, G.; Takagi, H.

2018-02-01

The honeycomb lattice is one of the simplest lattice structures. Electrons and spins on this simple lattice, however, often form exotic phases with non-trivial excitations. Massless Dirac fermions can emerge out of itinerant electrons, as demonstrated experimentally in graphene, and a topological quantum spin liquid with exotic quasiparticles can be realized in spin-1/2 magnets, as proposed theoretically in the Kitaev model. The quantum spin liquid is a long-sought exotic state of matter, in which interacting spins remain quantum-disordered without spontaneous symmetry breaking. The Kitaev model describes one example of a quantum spin liquid, and can be solved exactly by introducing two types of Majorana fermion. Realizing a Kitaev model in the laboratory, however, remains a challenge in materials science. Mott insulators with a honeycomb lattice of spin-orbital-entangled pseudospin-1/2 moments have been proposed, including the 5d-electron systems α-Na2IrO3 (ref. 5) and α-Li2IrO3 (ref. 6) and the 4d-electron system α-RuCl3 (ref. 7). However, these candidates were found to magnetically order rather than form a liquid at sufficiently low temperatures, owing to non-Kitaev interactions. Here we report a quantum-liquid state of pseudospin-1/2 moments in the 5d-electron honeycomb compound H3LiIr2O6. This iridate does not display magnetic ordering down to 0.05 kelvin, despite an interaction energy of about 100 kelvin. We observe signatures of low-energy fermionic excitations that originate from a small number of spin defects in the nuclear-magnetic-resonance relaxation and the specific heat. We therefore conclude that H3LiIr2O6 is a quantum spin liquid. This result opens the door to finding exotic quasiparticles in a strongly spin-orbit-coupled 5d-electron transition-metal oxide.

Arbitrary spin fermions on the lattice

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bullinaria, J.A.

1985-01-01

Lattice actions are constructed for free Dirac and Majorana fermions of arbitrary (half-integer) spin various extensions of the spin 1/2 Kogut-Susskind, Kaehler and Wilson formalisms. In each case, the spectrum degeneracy and preservation of gauge invariance is analysed, and the equivalence or non-equivalence to previously constructed actions is determined. The Kogut-Susskind and lattice Kaehler actions are then written explicitly in terms of spinors to demonstrate how the degenerate fermions couple on the lattice and how the original spinorial actions are recovered (or to recovered) in the continuum limit. Both degenerate and non-degenerate mass terms are dealt with and the various U(1) invariances of the lattice actions are pointed out

Phonon renormalization in LaCoO{sub 3} by inelastic neutron and X-ray scattering

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kauth, Maximilian; Weber, Frank [Institut fuer Festkoerperphysik, Karlsruher Institut fuer Technologie (Germany); Castellan, John-Paul [Institut fuer Festkoerperphysik, Karlsruher Institut fuer Technologie (Germany); Laboratoire Leon Brillouin, CEA Saclay (France)

2016-07-01

LaCoO{sub 3} exhibits two broad magnetic-electric transitions, a diamagnetic to paramagnetic spin-state transition at T{sub SS} ∼ 100 K and a metal-insulator transition at T{sub MI} ∼ 500 K. The spin transitions on heating are proposed to be as follows: from a homogeneous LS state to a mixed Low-Spin/High-Spin (LS/HS) state with strong spin-charge fluctuations at T=T{sub SS} and, subsequently, into a homogeneous HS state at T=T{sub MI}. The lattice participates in the state mixture by expansion of CoO{sub 6} octahedra around the HS sites, while the ones around LS sites have a reduced size. The originally proposed static order [2] has not been observed experimentally and, hence, the ordering is expected to be dynamic and short-ranged. We investigated the lattice dynamical properties of LaCoO{sub 3} using inelastic neutron scattering. Based on detailed ab-initio lattice dynamical calculations (performed in our institute), we aim for a comprehensive understanding of lattice dynamics in LaCoO{sub 3}. The above discussed crossovers and spin state order should be reflected in the lattice degrees of freedom via quasi elastic scattering and phonon renormalization effects.

Lattice parameters and Raman-active phonon modes of β-(AlxGa1−x)2O3

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kranert, Christian; Jenderka, Marcus; Lenzner, Jörg; Lorenz, Michael; Wenckstern, Holger von; Schmidt-Grund, Rüdiger; Grundmann, Marius

2015-01-01

We present X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy investigations of a (100)-oriented (Al x Ga 1–x ) 2 O 3 thin film on MgO (100) and bulk-like ceramics in dependence on their composition. The thin film grown by pulsed laser deposition has a continuous lateral composition spread allowing to determine precisely the dependence of the phonon mode properties and lattice parameters on the chemical composition. For x < 0.4, we observe the single-phase β-modification. Its lattice parameters and phonon energies depend linearly on the composition. We determined the slopes of these dependencies for the individual lattice parameters and for nine Raman lines, respectively. While the lattice parameters of the ceramics follow Vegard's rule, deviations are observed for the thin film. This deviation has only a small effect on the phonon energies, which show a reasonably good agreement between thin film and ceramics

Anisotropic lattice expansion of three-dimensional colloidal crystals and its impact on hypersonic phonon band gaps.

Science.gov (United States)

Wu, Songtao; Zhu, Gaohua; Zhang, Jin S; Banerjee, Debasish; Bass, Jay D; Ling, Chen; Yano, Kazuhisa

2014-05-21

We report anisotropic expansion of self-assembled colloidal polystyrene-poly(dimethylsiloxane) crystals and its impact on the phonon band structure at hypersonic frequencies. The structural expansion was achieved by a multistep infiltration-polymerization process. Such a process expands the interplanar lattice distance 17% after 8 cycles whereas the in-plane distance remains unaffected. The variation of hypersonic phonon band structure induced by the anisotropic lattice expansion was recorded by Brillouin measurements. In the sample before expansion, a phononic band gap between 3.7 and 4.4 GHz is observed; after 17% structural expansion, the gap is shifted to a lower frequency between 3.5 and 4.0 GHz. This study offers a facile approach to control the macroscopic structure of colloidal crystals with great potential in designing tunable phononic devices.

Dynamical control of Mn spin-system cooling by photogenerated carriers in a (Zn,Mn)Se/BeTe heterostructure

Science.gov (United States)

Debus, J.; Maksimov, A. A.; Dunker, D.; Yakovlev, D. R.; Tartakovskii, I. I.; Waag, A.; Bayer, M.

2010-08-01

The magnetization dynamics of the Mn spin system in an undoped (Zn,Mn)Se/BeTe type-II quantum well was studied by a time-resolved pump-probe photoluminescence technique. The Mn spin temperature was evaluated from the giant Zeeman shift of the exciton line in an external magnetic field of 3 T. The relaxation dynamics of the Mn spin temperature to the equilibrium temperature of the phonon bath after the pump-laser-pulse heating can be accelerated by the presence of free electrons. These electrons, generated by a control laser pulse, mediate the spin and energy transfer from the Mn spin system to the lattice and bypass the relatively slow direct spin-lattice relaxation of the Mn ions.

Phonon superradiance and phonon laser effect in nanomagnets.

Science.gov (United States)

Chudnovsky, E M; Garanin, D A

2004-12-17

We show that the theory of spin-phonon processes in paramagnetic solids must take into account the coherent generation of phonons by the magnetic centers. This effect should drastically enhance spin-phonon rates in nanoscale paramagnets and in crystals of molecular nanomagnets.

Spin lattice coupling in multiferroic hexagonal YMnO3

Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

phonon and spin waves involving deviations out of the spiral magnetic plane. This ... collimations were used to fully benefit from the focusing effects. ... following spin Hamiltonian based on the Heisenberg model H = JSiSj − hSini +. DSz i Sz.

Magnetic, ferroelectric, and spin phonon coupling studies of Sr{sub 3}Co{sub 2}Fe{sub 24}O{sub 41} multiferroic Z-type hexaferrite

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Raju, N.; Shravan Kumar Reddy, S.; Ramesh, J.; Gopal Reddy, Ch.; Yadagiri Reddy, P., E-mail: yadagirireddy@yahoo.com; Rama Reddy, K. [Department of Physics, Osmania University, Hyderabad-500007 (India); Sathe, V. G.; Raghavendra Reddy, V. [UGC-DAE Consortium for Scientific Research, University Campus, Khandwa Road, Indore-452001 (India)

2016-08-07

The magnetic, Raman, ferroelectric, and in-field {sup 57}Fe Mössbauer studies of polycrystalline multiferroic Sr{sub 3}Co{sub 2}Fe{sub 24}O{sub 41} are reported in this paper. From the magnetization studies, it is observed that the sample is soft magnetic in nature with low temperature magnetic spin transitions like longitudinal to transverse conical structure around 130 K and change in magnetic crystalline anisotropy from conical to planar structure at 250 K. Ferroelectric studies of the sample exhibit the spontaneous polarization at low temperature. Strong spin phonon and spin lattice coupling is observed through low temperature Raman spectroscopy. From the in-field {sup 57}Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy, spin up and spin down site occupations of Fe ions are calculated in the unit cell.

Quantum interference between two phonon paths and reduced heat transport in diamond lattice with atomic-scale planar defects

Science.gov (United States)

Kosevich, Yu. A.; Strelnikov, I. A.

2018-02-01

Destructive quantum interference between the waves propagating through laterally inhomogeneous layer can result in their total reflection, which in turn reduces energy flux carried by these waves. We consider the systems of Ge atoms, which fully or partly, in the chequer-wise order, fill a crystal plane in diamond-like Si lattice. We have revealed that a single type of the atomic defects, which are placed in identical positions in different unit cells in the defect crystal plane, can result in double transmission antiresonances of phonon wave packets. This new effect we relate with the complex structure of the diamond-like unit cell, which comprises two atoms in different positions and results in two distinct vibration resonances in two interfering phonon paths. We also consider the propagation of phonon wave packets in the superlatticies made of the defect planes, half-filled in the chequer-wise order with Ge atoms. We have revealed relatively broad phonon stop bands with center frequencies at the transmission antiresonances. We elaborate the equivalent analytical quasi-1D lattice model of the two phonon paths through the complex planar defect in the diamond-like lattice and describe the reduction of phonon heat transfer through the atomic-scale planar defects.

Monte Carlo simulations of phase transitions and lattice dynamics in an atom-phonon model for spin transition compounds

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Apetrei, Alin Marian; Enachescu, Cristian; Tanasa, Radu; Stoleriu, Laurentiu; Stancu, Alexandru

2010-01-01

We apply here the Monte Carlo Metropolis method to a known atom-phonon coupling model for 1D spin transition compounds (STC). These inorganic molecular systems can switch under thermal or optical excitation, between two states in thermodynamical competition, i.e. high spin (HS) and low spin (LS). In the model, the ST units (molecules) are linked by springs, whose elastic constants depend on the spin states of the neighboring atoms, and can only have three possible values. Several previous analytical papers considered a unique average value for the elastic constants (mean-field approximation) and obtained phase diagrams and thermal hysteresis loops. Recently, Monte Carlo simulation papers, taking into account all three values of the elastic constants, obtained thermal hysteresis loops, but no phase diagrams. Employing Monte Carlo simulation, in this work we obtain the phase diagram at T=0 K, which is fully consistent with earlier analytical work; however it is more complex. The main difference is the existence of two supplementary critical curves that mark a hysteresis zone in the phase diagram. This explains the pressure hysteresis curves at low temperature observed experimentally and predicts a 'chemical' hysteresis in STC at very low temperatures. The formation and the dynamics of the domains are also discussed.

Spin-Orbital Quantum Liquid on the Honeycomb Lattice

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Philippe Corboz

2012-11-01

Full Text Available The main characteristic of Mott insulators, as compared to band insulators, is to host low-energy spin fluctuations. In addition, Mott insulators often possess orbital degrees of freedom when crystal-field levels are partially filled. While in the majority of Mott insulators, spins and orbitals develop long-range order, the possibility for the ground state to be a quantum liquid opens new perspectives. In this paper, we provide clear evidence that the spin-orbital SU(4 symmetric Kugel-Khomskii model of Mott insulators on the honeycomb lattice is a quantum spin-orbital liquid. The absence of any form of symmetry breaking—lattice or SU(N—is supported by a combination of semiclassical and numerical approaches: flavor-wave theory, tensor network algorithm, and exact diagonalizations. In addition, all properties revealed by these methods are very accurately accounted for by a projected variational wave function based on the π-flux state of fermions on the honeycomb lattice at 1/4 filling. In that state, correlations are algebraic because of the presence of a Dirac point at the Fermi level, suggesting that the symmetric Kugel-Khomskii model on the honeycomb lattice is an algebraic quantum spin-orbital liquid. This model provides an interesting starting point to understanding the recently discovered spin-orbital-liquid behavior of Ba_{3}CuSb_{2}O_{9}. The present results also suggest the choice of optical lattices with honeycomb geometry in the search for quantum liquids in ultracold four-color fermionic atoms.

A cluster-bethe-lattice approach to spin-waves in dilute ferromagnets

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Salzberg, J.B.; Silva, C.E.T.G. da; Falicov, L.M.

1975-01-01

The spin-wave spectra of a dilute ferromagnet within the cluster-bethe-lattice approximation is studied. Short range order effects for the alloy are included. A study of finite size clusters connected at their edges to Bethe lattices of the same coordination number allows one to determine:(i) the stability condition for the magnetic system; (ii) the continuum spin-wave local density of states and (iii) the existence of localized states below and above the continuum states

The manifestation of spin-phonon coupling in CaMnO.sub.3./sub..

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Goian, Veronica; Kamba, Stanislav; Borodavka, Fedir; Nuzhnyy, Dmitry; Savinov, Maxim; Belik, A.A.

2015-01-01

Roč. 117, č. 16 (2015), "164103-1"-"164103-6" ISSN 0021-8979 R&D Projects: GA ČR GP14-14122P Institutional support: RVO:68378271 Keywords : phonons * multiferroics * spin-phonon coupling Subject RIV: BM - Solid Matter Physics ; Magnetism Impact factor: 2.101, year: 2015

Thermal conductivity of magnetic insulators with strong spin-orbit coupling

Science.gov (United States)

Stamokostas, Georgios; Lapas, Panteleimon; Fiete, Gregory A.

We study the influence of spin-orbit coupling on the thermal conductivity of various types of magnetic insulators. In the absence of spin-orbit coupling and orbital-degeneracy, the strong-coupling limit of Hubbard interactions at half filling can often be adequately described in terms of a pure spin Hamiltonian of the Heisenberg form. However, in the presence of spin-orbit coupling the resulting exchange interaction can become highly anisotropic. The effect of the atomic spin-orbit coupling, taken into account through the effect of magnon-phonon interactions and the magnetic order and excitations, on the lattice thermal conductivity of various insulating magnetic systems is studied. We focus on the regime of low temperatures where the dominant source of scattering is two-magnon scattering to one-phonon processes. The thermal current is calculated within the Boltzmann transport theory. We are grateful for financial support from NSF Grant DMR-0955778.

Acoustic phonons mediated non-equilibrium spin current in the presence of Rashba and Dresselhaus spin–orbit couplings

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hasanirokh, K.; Phirouznia, A.

2013-01-01

Influence of electrons interaction with longitudinal acoustic phonons on magnetoelectric and spin-related transport effects are investigated. The considered system is a two-dimensional electron gas system with both Rashba and Dresselhaus spin–orbit couplings. The works which have previously been performed in this field, have revealed that the Rashba and Dresselhaus couplings cannot be responsible for spin current in the non-equilibrium regime. In the current Letter, a semiclassical method was employed using the Boltzmann approach and it was shown that the spin current of the system, in general, does not go all the way to zero when the electron–phonon coupling is taken into account. It was also shown that spin accumulation of the system could be influenced by electron–phonon coupling.

Tunable topological phases in photonic and phononic crystals

KAUST Repository

Chen, Zeguo

2018-02-18

Topological photonics/phononics, inspired by the discovery of topological insulators, is a prosperous field of research, in which remarkable one-way propagation edge states are robust against impurities or defect without backscattering. This dissertation discusses the implementation of multiple topological phases in specific designed photonic and phononic crystals. First, it reports a tunable quantum Hall phase in acoustic ring-waveguide system. A new three-band model focused on the topological transitions at the Γ point is studied, which gives the functionality that nontrivial topology can be tuned by changing the strengths of the couplings and/or the broken time-reversal symmetry. The resulted tunable topological edge states are also numerically verified. Second, based on our previous studied acoustic ring-waveguide system, we introduce anisotropy by tuning the couplings along different directions. We find that the bandgap topology is related to the frequency and directions. We report our proposal on a frequency filter designed from such an anisotropic topological phononic crystal. Third, motivated by the recent progress on quantum spin Hall phases, we propose a design of time-reversal symmetry broken quantum spin Hall insulators in photonics, in which a new quantum anomalous Hall phase emerges. It supports a chiral edge state with certain spin orientations, which is robust against the magnetic impurities. We also report the realization of the quantum anomalous Hall phase in phononics.

Spin Solid versus Magnetic Charge Ordered State in Artificial Honeycomb Lattice of Connected Elements

Science.gov (United States)

Glavic, Artur; Summers, Brock; Dahal, Ashutosh; Kline, Joseph; Van Herck, Walter; Sukhov, Alexander; Ernst, Arthur

2018-01-01

Abstract The nature of magnetic correlation at low temperature in two‐dimensional artificial magnetic honeycomb lattice is a strongly debated issue. While theoretical researches suggest that the system will develop a novel zero entropy spin solid state as T → 0 K, a confirmation to this effect in artificial honeycomb lattice of connected elements is lacking. This study reports on the investigation of magnetic correlation in newly designed artificial permalloy honeycomb lattice of ultrasmall elements, with a typical length of ≈12 nm, using neutron scattering measurements and temperature‐dependent micromagnetic simulations. Numerical modeling of the polarized neutron reflectometry data elucidates the temperature‐dependent evolution of spin correlation in this system. As temperature reduces to ≈7 K, the system tends to develop novel spin solid state, manifested by the alternating distribution of magnetic vortex loops of opposite chiralities. Experimental results are complemented by temperature‐dependent micromagnetic simulations that confirm the dominance of spin solid state over local magnetic charge ordered state in the artificial honeycomb lattice with connected elements. These results enable a direct investigation of novel spin solid correlation in the connected honeycomb geometry of 2D artificial structure. PMID:29721429

Parallel computer calculation of quantum spin lattices; Calcul de chaines de spins quantiques sur ordinateur parallele

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lamarcq, J. [Service de Physique Theorique, CEA Centre d`Etudes de Saclay, 91 - Gif-sur-Yvette (France)

1998-07-10

Numerical simulation allows the theorists to convince themselves about the validity of the models they use. Particularly by simulating the spin lattices one can judge about the validity of a conjecture. Simulating a system defined by a large number of degrees of freedom requires highly sophisticated machines. This study deals with modelling the magnetic interactions between the ions of a crystal. Many exact results have been found for spin 1/2 systems but not for systems of other spins for which many simulation have been carried out. The interest for simulations has been renewed by the Haldane`s conjecture stipulating the existence of a energy gap between the ground state and the first excited states of a spin 1 lattice. The existence of this gap has been experimentally demonstrated. This report contains the following four chapters: 1. Spin systems; 2. Calculation of eigenvalues; 3. Programming; 4. Parallel calculation 14 refs., 6 figs.

Spin-2 NΩ dibaryon from lattice QCD

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Etminan, Faisal; Nemura, Hidekatsu; Aoki, Sinya; Doi, Takumi; Hatsuda, Tetsuo; Ikeda, Yoichi; Inoue, Takashi; Ishii, Noriyoshi; Murano, Keiko; Sasaki, Kenji

2014-01-01

We investigate properties of the N(nucleon)–Ω(Omega) interaction in lattice QCD to seek for possible dibaryon states in the strangeness −3 channel. We calculate the NΩ potential through the equal-time Nambu–Bethe–Salpeter wave function in 2+1 flavor lattice QCD with the renormalization group improved Iwasaki gauge action and the nonperturbatively O(a) improved Wilson quark action at the lattice spacing a≃0.12 fm on a (1.9 fm) 3 × 3.8 fm lattice. The ud and s quark masses in our study correspond to m π =875(1) MeV and m K =916(1) MeV. At these parameter values, the central potential in the S-wave with the spin 2 shows attractions at all distances. By solving the Schrödinger equation with this potential, we find one bound state whose binding energy is 18.9(5.0)( +12.1 −1.8 ) MeV, where the first error is the statistical one, while the second represents the systematic error

Spin-2 NΩ dibaryon from lattice QCD

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Etminan, Faisal [Center for Computational Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571 (Japan); Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences, University of Birjand, Birjand 97175-615 (Iran, Islamic Republic of); Yukawa Institute for Theoretical Physics, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502 (Japan); Nemura, Hidekatsu [Center for Computational Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571 (Japan); Aoki, Sinya [Center for Computational Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571 (Japan); Yukawa Institute for Theoretical Physics, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502 (Japan); Doi, Takumi [Theoretical Research Division, Nishina Center, RIKEN, Saitama 351-0198 (Japan); Hatsuda, Tetsuo [Theoretical Research Division, Nishina Center, RIKEN, Saitama 351-0198 (Japan); Kavli IPMU (WPI), The University of Tokyo, Chiba 277-8583 (Japan); Ikeda, Yoichi [Theoretical Research Division, Nishina Center, RIKEN, Saitama 351-0198 (Japan); Inoue, Takashi [Nihon University, College of Bioresource Sciences, Kanagawa 252-0880 (Japan); Ishii, Noriyoshi [Center for Computational Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571 (Japan); Murano, Keiko [Yukawa Institute for Theoretical Physics, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502 (Japan); Sasaki, Kenji [Center for Computational Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571 (Japan)

2014-08-15

We investigate properties of the N(nucleon)–Ω(Omega) interaction in lattice QCD to seek for possible dibaryon states in the strangeness −3 channel. We calculate the NΩ potential through the equal-time Nambu–Bethe–Salpeter wave function in 2+1 flavor lattice QCD with the renormalization group improved Iwasaki gauge action and the nonperturbatively O(a) improved Wilson quark action at the lattice spacing a≃0.12 fm on a (1.9 fm){sup 3}× 3.8 fm lattice. The ud and s quark masses in our study correspond to m{sub π}=875(1) MeV and m{sub K}=916(1) MeV. At these parameter values, the central potential in the S-wave with the spin 2 shows attractions at all distances. By solving the Schrödinger equation with this potential, we find one bound state whose binding energy is 18.9(5.0)({sup +12.1}{sub −1.8}) MeV, where the first error is the statistical one, while the second represents the systematic error.

Collective spin wave and phonon excitations in ferromagnetic organic polymers

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Leong, Jit-Liang; Sun, Shih-Jye

2013-01-01

We proposed a model to investigate the properties of a conductive and ferromagnetic organic-polymer (OCP), which contains two collective excitations—spin wave and phonon—competing with each other; namely, the spin wave excitation accompanies the electron–phonon (e–ph) interactions in the conductive and ferromagnetic OCP. The ferromagnetism of the OCP is induced from the conductive carriers which couple with the phonon to become polarons. Due to the competition between both excitations, the Curie temperature (T C ) is sensitively suppressed by the e–ph interaction. In addition, an optimal T C with a small e–ph interaction exists in a specific density of conduction carrier, yet is contrary to the large e–ph interaction case. Furthermore, the dimerization, i.e. the atomic displacement induced from the e–ph interactions, increases with the strength of the e–ph interaction and decreases upon reaching the maximum dimerization. (paper)

Spin helical states and spin transport of the line defect in silicene lattice

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Yang, Mou; Chen, Dong-Hai; Wang, Rui-Qiang [Laboratory of Quantum Engineering and Quantum Materials, School of Physics and Telecommunication Engineering, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006 (China); Bai, Yan-Kui, E-mail: ykbai@semi.ac.cn [College of Physical Science and Information Engineering and Hebei Advance Thin Films Laboratory, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050024 (China)

2015-02-06

We investigated the electronic structure of a silicene-like lattice with a line defect under the consideration of spin–orbit coupling. In the bulk energy gap, there are defect related bands corresponding to spin helical states localized beside the defect line: spin-up electrons flow forward on one side near the line defect and move backward on the other side, and vice versa for spin-down electrons. When the system is subjected to random distribution of spin-flipping scatterers, electrons suffer much less spin-flipped scattering when they transport along the line defect than in the bulk. An electric gate above the line defect can tune the spin-flipped transmission, which makes the line defect as a spin-controllable waveguide. - Highlights: • Band structure of silicene with a line defect. • Spin helical states around the line defect and their probability distribution features. • Spin transport along the line defect and that in the bulk silicene.

Microwave Amplitude Modulation Technique to Measure Spin-Lattice (T 1) and Spin-Spin (T 2) Relaxation Times

Science.gov (United States)

Misra, Sushil K.

The measurement of very short spin-lattice, or longitudinal, relaxation (SLR) times (i.e., 10-10 Misra, 1998), and polymer resins doped with rare-earth ions (Pescia et al., 1999a; Pescia et al. 1999b). The ability to measure such fast SLR data on amorphous Si and copper-chromium-tin spinel led to an understanding of the role of exchange interaction in affecting spin-lattice relaxation, while the data on polymer resins doped with rare-earth ions provided evidence of spin-fracton relaxation (Pescia et al., 1999a, b). But such fast SLR times are not measurable by the most commonly used techniques of saturation- and inversion-recovery (Poole, 1982; Alger, 1968), which only measure spin-lattice relaxation times longer than 10-6 s. A summary of relevant experimental data is presented in Table 1.

Thermal conductivity of electron-doped CaMnO3 perovskites: Local lattice distortions and optical phonon thermal excitation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wang Yang; Sui Yu; Wang Xianjie; Su Wenhui; Liu Xiaoyang; Fan, Hong Jin

2010-01-01

The thermal transport properties of a series of electron-doped CaMnO 3 perovskites have been investigated. Throughout the temperature range 5-300 K, phonon thermal conductivity is dominant, and both electron and spin wave contributions are negligible. The short phonon mean free paths in this system result in the relatively low thermal conductivities. The strong phonon scatterings stem from the A-site mismatch and bond-length fluctuations induced by local distortions of MnO 6 octahedra. The thermal conductivity in the magnetically ordered state is enhanced as a result of the decrease in spin-phonon scattering. The results also indicate that above the magnetic ordering temperature, observable thermal excitation of optical phonons occurs. The contribution of optical phonons to thermal conductivity becomes non-negligible and is proposed to play an important role in the glass-like thermal transport behavior (i.e. positive temperature dependence of the thermal conductivity) in the paramagnetic state. These features can be understood in terms of an expression of thermal conductivity that includes both acoustic and optical phonon terms.

Spin manipulation and spin-lattice interaction in magnetic colloidal quantum dots

OpenAIRE

Moro, F.; Turyanska, L.; Granwehr, J.; Patane, A.

2014-01-01

We report on the spin-lattice interaction and coherent manipulation of electron spins in Mn-doped colloidal PbS quantum dots (QDs) by electron spin resonance. We show that the phase memory time,TM, is limited by Mn-Mn dipolar interactions, hyperfine interactions of the protons (H1) on the QD capping ligands with Mn ions in their proximity (

Fractional vortex lattice structures in spin-triplet superconductors

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Chung, Suk Bum; Agterberg, Daniel F; Kim, Eun-A

2009-01-01

Motivated by recent interest in spin-triplet superconductors, we investigate the vortex lattice structures for this class of unconventional superconductors. We discuss how the order parameter symmetry can give rise to U(1)xU(1) symmetry in the same sense as in spinor condensates, making half-quantum vortices (HQVs) topologically stable. We then calculate the vortex lattice structure of HQVs, with particular attention on the roles of the crystalline lattice, the Zeeman coupling and Meissner screening, all absent in spinor condensates. Finally, we consider how spin-orbit coupling leads to a breakdown of the U(1)xU(1) symmetry in free energy and whether the HQV lattice survives this symmetry breaking. As examples, we examine simpler spin-triplet models proposed in the context of Na x CoO 2 ·yH 2 O and Bechgaard salts, as well as the better known and more complex model for Sr 2 RuO 4 .

Quantum phase transitions in matrix product states of one-dimensional spin-1 chains

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zhu Jingmin

2014-01-01

We present a new model of quantum phase transitions in matrix product systems of one-dimensional spin-1 chains and study the phases coexistence phenomenon. We find that in the thermodynamic limit the proposed system has three different quantum phases and by adjusting the control parameters we are able to realize any phase, any two phases equal coexistence and the three phases equal coexistence. At every critical point the physical quantities including the entanglement are not discontinuous and the matrix product system has long-range correlation and N-spin maximal entanglement. We believe that our work is helpful for having a comprehensive understanding of quantum phase transitions in matrix product states of one-dimensional spin chains and of certain directive significance to the preparation and control of one-dimensional spin lattice models with stable coherence and N-spin maximal entanglement. (author)

Coherent lattice vibrations in superconductors

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kadin, Alan M.

2008-01-01

A recent analysis has shown that the pair wavefunction within the BCS theory may be represented in real-space as a spherical electronic orbital (on the scale of the coherence length ξ 0 ) coupled to a standing-wave lattice vibration with wavevector 2k F and a near-resonant phonon frequency. The present paper extends this picture to a coherent pattern of phonon standing-waves on the macroscopic scale, with electrons forming Bloch waves and an energy gap much like those in the classic band theory of crystals. These parallel planes form a diffractive waveguide permitting electron waves to traveling parallel to the planes, corresponding to lossless supercurrent. A similar picture may be extended to unconventional superconductors such as the cuprates, with an array of standing spin waves rather than phonons. Such coherent lattice vibrations should be universal indicators of the superconducting state, and should be observable below T c using X-ray and neutron diffraction techniques. Further implications of this picture are discussed

Enhanced Electron-Phonon Coupling at Metal Surfaces

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Plummer, Ward E.

2010-08-04

The Born-Oppenheimer approximation (BOA) decouples electronic from nuclear motion, providing a focal point for most quantum mechanics textbooks. However, a multitude of important chemical, physical and biological phenomena are driven by violations of this approximation. Vibronic interactions are a necessary ingredient in any process that makes or breaks a covalent bond, for example, conventional catalysis or enzymatically delivered biological reactions. Metastable phenomena associated with defects and dopants in semiconductors, oxides, and glasses entail violation of the BOA. Charge exchange in inorganic polymers, organic slats and biological systems involves charge- induced distortions of the local structure. A classic example is conventional superconductivity, which is driven by the electron-lattice interaction. High-resolution angle-resolved photoemission experiments are yielding new insight into the microscopic origin of electron-phonon coupling (EPC) in anisotropic two-dimensional systems. Our recent surface phonon measurement on the surface of a high-Tc material clearly indicates an important momentum dependent EPC in these materials. In the last few years we have shifted our research focus from solely looking at electron phonon coupling to examining the structure/functionality relationship at the surface of complex transition metal compounds. The investigation on electron phonon coupling has allowed us to move to systems where there is coupling between the lattice, the electrons and the spin.

Spin-orbital quantum liquid on the honeycomb lattice

Science.gov (United States)

Corboz, Philippe

2013-03-01

The symmetric Kugel-Khomskii can be seen as a minimal model describing the interactions between spin and orbital degrees of freedom in transition-metal oxides with orbital degeneracy, and it is equivalent to the SU(4) Heisenberg model of four-color fermionic atoms. We present simulation results for this model on various two-dimensional lattices obtained with infinite projected-entangled pair states (iPEPS), an efficient variational tensor-network ansatz for two dimensional wave functions in the thermodynamic limit. This approach can be seen as a two-dimensional generalization of matrix product states - the underlying ansatz of the density matrix renormalization group method. We find a rich variety of exotic phases: while on the square and checkerboard lattices the ground state exhibits dimer-Néel order and plaquette order, respectively, quantum fluctuations on the honeycomb lattice destroy any order, giving rise to a spin-orbital liquid. Our results are supported from flavor-wave theory and exact diagonalization. Furthermore, the properties of the spin-orbital liquid state on the honeycomb lattice are accurately accounted for by a projected variational wave-function based on the pi-flux state of fermions on the honeycomb lattice at 1/4-filling. In that state, correlations are algebraic because of the presence of a Dirac point at the Fermi level, suggesting that the ground state is an algebraic spin-orbital liquid. This model provides a good starting point to understand the recently discovered spin-orbital liquid behavior of Ba3CuSb2O9. The present results also suggest to choose optical lattices with honeycomb geometry in the search for quantum liquids in ultra-cold four-color fermionic atoms. We acknowledge the financial support from the Swiss National Science Foundation.

Motion of a magnetic soliton about a lattice soliton in a Heisenberg chain

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Nayyar, A.H.; Murtaza, G.

1981-08-01

As an example of interaction between two solitons belonging to different species, a semiclassical study of the nonlinear dynamics of a coupled magnon-phonon system in a one-dimensional Heisenberg ferromagnet is made, where both the lattice and the spin systems are taken with their respective nonlinear interactions. The lattice soliton is shown to introduce spatial inhomogeneities into the propagation of the magnetic soliton resulting in (a) the trapping of the magnetic soliton in the harmonic field of the lattice soliton and (b) the amplitude and the width of the magnetic soliton becoming time-dependent. (author)

Nonequilibrium lattice-driven dynamics of stripes in nickelates using time-resolved x-ray scattering

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lee, W.S.; Kung, Y.F.; Moritz, B.; Coslovich, G.; Kaindl, R.A.; Chuang, Y.D.; Moore, R.G.; Lu, D.H.; Kirchmann, P.S.; Robinson, J.S.; Minitti, M.P.; Dakovski, G.; Schlotter, W.F.; Turner, J.J.; Gerber, S.; Sasagawa, T.; Hussain, Z.; Shen, Z.X.; Devereaux, T.P.

2017-03-13

We investigate the lattice coupling to the spin and charge orders in the striped nickelate, La 1.75 Sr 0.25 NiO 4 , using time-resolved resonant x-ray scattering. Lattice-driven dynamics of both spin and charge orders are observed when the pump photon energy is tuned to that of an E u bond- stretching phonon. We present a likely scenario for the behavior of the spin and charge order parameters and its implications using a Ginzburg-Landau theory.

(Non-) Gibbsianness and Phase Transitions in Random Lattice Spin Models

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Külske, C.

1999-01-01

We consider disordered lattice spin models with finite-volume Gibbs measures µΛ[η](dσ). Here σ denotes a lattice spin variable and η a lattice random variable with product distribution P describing the quenched disorder of the model. We ask: when will the joint measures limΛ↑Zd P(dη)µΛ[η](dσ) be

Ab initio study of the lattice dynamics of CsNiF3

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Legut, Dominik; Wdowik, Urszula D

2010-01-01

Lattice dynamics of the quasi-one-dimensional ferromagnetic chain-like structure of CsNiF 3 has been studied using density functional theory and the direct method. Investigations were limited to the harmonic approximation. Antiferromagnetic and ferromagnetic spin orderings on Ni atoms were considered. It is found that phonons remain practically insensitive to the type of magnetic arrangement. The difference in the calculated Helmholtz free energies between antiferro- and ferromagnetic ordering is too small to provide sufficient information on the preference of the type of magnetic ordering in CsNiF 3 . Calculated acoustic phonons agree very well with the inelastic neutron scattering experiments, while the optical phonons remain in an acceptable agreement with Raman and infrared measurements. Comparison of the experimental heat capacity and the calculated lattice contribution to the heat capacity shows that the magnetic contribution is negligible above 20-30 K. Thermal motions of particular atoms in CsNiF 3 crystals are highly anisotropic with surprisingly high mean-squared vibrations of Cs ions which exceed thermal vibrations of very light F ions. Such a behavior could be explained by the difference of the force constants between the Cs and F sites which overcomes the effect associated with the difference between masses of Cs and F ions. Nickel cations reveal very high on-site force constants, i.e. very low amplitudes of thermal vibrations, as they form some kind of rigid rods in the CsNiF 3 lattice. Calculated elastic constants indicate CsNiF 3 to be rather a soft material.

Spin and lattice structures of single-crystalline SrFe2As2

Science.gov (United States)

Zhao, Jun; Ratcliff, W., II; Lynn, J. W.; Chen, G. F.; Luo, J. L.; Wang, N. L.; Hu, Jiangping; Dai, Pengcheng

2008-10-01

We use neutron scattering to study the spin and lattice structure of single-crystal SrFe2As2 , the parent compound of the FeAs-based superconductor (Sr,K)Fe2As2 . We find that SrFe2As2 exhibits an abrupt structural phase transition at 220 K, where the structure changes from tetragonal with lattice parameters c>a=b to orthorhombic with c>a>b . At almost the same temperature, Fe spins develop a collinear antiferromagnetic structure along the orthorhombic a axis with spin direction parallel to this a axis. These results are consistent with earlier work on the RFeAsO ( R=rare earth) families of materials and on BaFe2As2 , and therefore suggest that static antiferromagnetic order is ubiquitous for the parent compounds of these FeAs-based high-transition temperature superconductors.

Electron-phonon coupling and superconductivity in the (4/3)-monolayer of Pb on Si(111): Role of spin-orbit interaction

Science.gov (United States)

Sklyadneva, I. Yu.; Heid, R.; Bohnen, K.-P.; Echenique, P. M.; Chulkov, E. V.

2018-05-01

The effect of spin-orbit coupling on the electron-phonon interaction in a (4/3)-monolayer of Pb on Si(111) is investigated within the density-functional theory and linear-response approach in the mixed-basis pseudopotential representation. We show that the spin-orbit interaction produces a large weakening of the electron-phonon coupling strength, which appears to be strongly overestimated in the scalar relativistic calculations. The effect of spin-orbit interaction is largely determined by the induced modification of Pb electronic bands and a stiffening of the low-energy part of phonon spectrum, which favor a weakening of the electron-phonon coupling strength. The state-dependent strength of the electron-phonon interaction in occupied Pb electronic bands varies depending on binding energy rather than electronic momentum. It is markedly larger than the value averaged over electron momentum because substrate electronic bands make a small contribution to the phonon-mediated scattering and agrees well with the experimental data.

Localized-magnon states in strongly frustrated quantum spin lattices

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Richter, J.

2005-01-01

Recent developments concerning localized-magnon eigenstates in strongly frustrated spin lattices and their effect on the low-temperature physics of these systems in high magnetic fields are reviewed. After illustrating the construction and the properties of localized-magnon states we describe the plateau and the jump in the magnetization process caused by these states. Considering appropriate lattice deformations fitting to the localized magnons we discuss a spin-Peierls instability in high magnetic fields related to these states. Last but not least we consider the degeneracy of the localized-magnon eigenstates and the related thermodynamics in high magnetic fields. In particular, we discuss the low-temperature maximum in the isothermal entropy versus field curve and the resulting enhanced magnetocaloric effect, which allows efficient magnetic cooling from quite large temperatures down to very low ones

Nonequilibrium phase transition in directed small-world-Voronoi-Delaunay random lattices

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lima, F.W.S.

2016-01-01

On directed small-world-Voronoi-Delaunay random lattices in two dimensions with quenched connectivity disorder we study the critical properties of the dynamics evolution of public opinion in social influence networks using a simple spin-like model. The system is treated by applying Monte Carlo simulations. We show that directed links on these random lattices may lead to phase diagram with first- and second-order social phase transitions out of equilibrium. (paper)

Photon-phonon interaction in photonic crystals

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ueta, T

2010-01-01

Photon-phonon interaction on the analogy of electron-phonon interaction is considered in one-dimensional photonic crystal. When lattice vibration is artificially introduced to the photonic crystal, a governing equation of electromagnetic field is derived. A simple model is numerically analysed and the following novel phenomena are found out. The lattice vibration generates the light of frequency which added the integral multiple of the vibration frequency to that of the incident wave and also amplifies the incident wave resonantly. On a resonance, the amplification factor increases very rapidly with the number of layers increases. Resonance frequencies change with the phases of lattice vibration. The amplification phenomenon is analytically discussed for low frequency of the lattice vibration.

Linear and non-linear infrared response of one-dimensional vibrational Holstein polarons in the anti-adiabatic limit: Optical and acoustical phonon models

Science.gov (United States)

Falvo, Cyril

2018-02-01

The theory of linear and non-linear infrared response of vibrational Holstein polarons in one-dimensional lattices is presented in order to identify the spectral signatures of self-trapping phenomena. Using a canonical transformation, the optical response is computed from the small polaron point of view which is valid in the anti-adiabatic limit. Two types of phonon baths are considered: optical phonons and acoustical phonons, and simple expressions are derived for the infrared response. It is shown that for the case of optical phonons, the linear response can directly probe the polaron density of states. The model is used to interpret the experimental spectrum of crystalline acetanilide in the C=O range. For the case of acoustical phonons, it is shown that two bound states can be observed in the two-dimensional infrared spectrum at low temperature. At high temperature, analysis of the time-dependence of the two-dimensional infrared spectrum indicates that bath mediated correlations slow down spectral diffusion. The model is used to interpret the experimental linear-spectroscopy of model α-helix and β-sheet polypeptides. This work shows that the Davydov Hamiltonian cannot explain the observations in the NH stretching range.

Lattice Dynamics Study of Phonon Instability and Thermal Properties of Type-I Clathrate K₈Si46 under High Pressure.

Science.gov (United States)

Zhang, Wei; Zeng, Zhao Yi; Ge, Ni Na; Li, Zhi Guo

2016-07-25

For a further understanding of the phase transitions mechanism in type-I silicon clathrates K₈Si 46 , ab initio self-consistent electronic calculations combined with linear-response method have been performed to investigate the vibrational properties of alkali metal K atoms encapsulated type-I silicon-clathrate under pressure within the framework of density functional perturbation theory. Our lattice dynamics simulation results showed that the pressure induced phase transition of K₈Si 46 was believed to be driven by the phonon instability of the calthrate lattice. Analysis of the evolution of the partial phonon density of state with pressure, a legible dynamic picture for both guest K atoms and host lattice, was given. In addition, based on phonon calculations and combined with quasi-harmonic approximation, the specific heat of K₈Si 46 was derived, which agreed very well with experimental results. Also, other important thermal properties including the thermal expansion coefficients and Grüneisen parameters of K₈Si 46 under different temperature and pressure were also predicted.

Model expressions for the spin-orbit interaction and phonon-mediated spin dynamics in quantum dots

Science.gov (United States)

Vaughan, M. P.; Rorison, J. M.

2018-01-01

Model expressions for the spin-orbit interaction in a quantum dot are obtained. The resulting form does not neglect cubic terms and allows for a generalized structural inversion asymmetry. We also obtain analytical expressions for the coupling between states for the electron-phonon interaction and use these to derive spin-relaxation rates, which are found to be qualitatively similar to those derived elsewhere in the literature. We find that, due to the inclusion of cubic terms, the Dresselhaus contribution to the ground state spin relaxation disappears for spherical dots. A comparison with previous theory and existing experimental results shows good agreement thereby presenting a clear analytical formalism for future developments. Comparative calculations for potential materials are presented.

Spin Waves in Terbium

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Jensen, J.; Houmann, Jens Christian Gylden

1975-01-01

The selection rules for the linear couplings between magnons and phonons propagating in the c direction of a simple basal-plane hcp ferromagnet are determined by general symmetry considerations. The acoustic-optical magnon-phonon interactions observed in the heavy-rare-earth metals have been...... explained by Liu as originating from the mixing of the spin states of the conduction electrons due to the spin-orbit coupling. We find that this coupling mechanism introduces interactions which violate the selection rules for a simple ferromagnet. The interactions between the magnons and phonons propagating...... in the c direction of Tb have been studied experimentally by means of inelastic neutron scattering. The magnons are coupled to both the acoustic- and optical-transverse phonons. By studying the behavior of the acoustic-optical coupling, we conclude that it is a spin-mixed-induced coupling as proposed...

Mixed spin-5/2 and spin-2 Ising ferrimagnetic system on the Bethe lattice

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Masrour, R., E-mail: rachidmasrour@hotmail.com [Laboratory of Materials, Processes, Environment and Quality, Cady Ayyed University, National School of Applied Sciences, PB 63 46000, Safi (Morocco); Laboratoire de Magnétisme et Physique des Hautes Energies L.M.P.H.E.URAC 12, Université Mohammed V, Faculté des Sciences, B.P. 1014, Rabat (Morocco); Jabar, A. [Laboratoire de Magnétisme et Physique des Hautes Energies L.M.P.H.E.URAC 12, Université Mohammed V, Faculté des Sciences, B.P. 1014, Rabat (Morocco); Benyoussef, A. [Laboratoire de Magnétisme et Physique des Hautes Energies L.M.P.H.E.URAC 12, Université Mohammed V, Faculté des Sciences, B.P. 1014, Rabat (Morocco); Institute of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnologies, MAScIR, Rabat (Morocco); Hassan II Academy of Science and Technology, Rabat (Morocco); Hamedoun, M. [Institute of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnologies, MAScIR, Rabat (Morocco)

2015-11-01

The magnetic properties of spins-S and σ Ising model on the Bethe lattice have been investigated by using the Monte Carlo simulation. The thermal total magnetization and magnetization of spins S and σ with the different exchange interactions, different external magnetic field and different temperatures have been studied. The critical temperature and compensation temperature have been deduced. The magnetic hysteresis cycle of Ising ferrimagnetic system on the Bethe lattice has been deduced for different values of exchange interactions between the spins S and σ, for different values of crystal field and for different sizes. The magnetic coercive filed has been deduced. - Highlights: • The magnetic properties of Bethe lattice have been investigated. • The critical temperature and compensation temperature have been deduced. • The magnetic coercive filed has been deduced.

Monte Carlo study of alternate mixed spin-5/2 and spin-2 Ising ferrimagnetic system on the Bethe lattice

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Jabar, A. [Laboratoire de Magnétisme et Physique des Hautes Energies L.M.P.H.E.URAC 12, Université Mohammed V, Faculté des Sciences, B.P. 1014 Rabat (Morocco); Masrour, R., E-mail: rachidmasrour@hotmail.com [Laboratoire de Magnétisme et Physique des Hautes Energies L.M.P.H.E.URAC 12, Université Mohammed V, Faculté des Sciences, B.P. 1014 Rabat (Morocco); Laboratory of Materials, Processes, Environment and Quality, Cady Ayyed University, National School of Applied Sciences, PB 63 46000 Safi (Morocco); Benyoussef, A. [Laboratoire de Magnétisme et Physique des Hautes Energies L.M.P.H.E.URAC 12, Université Mohammed V, Faculté des Sciences, B.P. 1014 Rabat (Morocco); Institute of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnologies, MAScIR, Rabat (Morocco); Hassan II Academy of Science and Technology, Rabat (Morocco); Hamedoun, M. [Institute of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnologies, MAScIR, Rabat (Morocco)

2016-01-01

The magnetic properties of alternate mixed spin-5/2 and spin-2 Ising model on the Bethe lattice have been studied by using the Monte Carlo simulations. The ground state phase diagrams of alternate mixed spin-5/2 and spin-2 Ising model on the Bethe lattice has been obtained. The thermal total magnetization and magnetization of spins-5/2 and spin-2 with the different exchange interactions, external magnetic field and temperatures have been studied. The critical temperature have been deduced. The magnetic hysteresis cycle on the Bethe lattice has been deduced for different values of exchange interactions, for different values of crystal field and for different sizes. The magnetic coercive field has been deduced. - Highlights: • The alternate mixed spin-5/2 and -2 on the Bethe lattice is studied. • The critical temperature has been deduced. • The magnetic coercive filed has been deduced.

Phonon renormalization at small q values in the high-temperature phase of CsCuCl sub 3

CERN Document Server

Foerster, U; Schotte, U; Stuhr, U

1997-01-01

The hexagonal perovskite CsCuCl sub 3 exhibits a structural phase transition from a dynamically disordered high-temperature phase to an ordered low-temperature phase due to the cooperative Jahn-Teller effect. The lattice dynamics of the high-temperature phase has been studied by inelastic neutron scattering experiments. The investigations concentrated on small wave vectors q, where for the first time renormalized phonons at q=0.02-0.05 A sup - sup 1 could be observed. The measurements confirm the predictions of a theoretical approach based on the coupling between dynamic reorientation processes and acoustic lattice waves (pseudo-spin phonon coupling). (author)

Effect of room temperature lattice vibration on the electron transport in graphene nanoribbons

Science.gov (United States)

Liu, Yue-Yang; Li, Bo-Lin; Chen, Shi-Zhang; Jiang, Xiangwei; Chen, Ke-Qiu

2017-09-01

We observe directly the lattice vibration and its multifold effect on electron transport in zigzag graphene nanoribbons in simulation by utilizing an efficient combined method. The results show that the electron transport fluctuates greatly due to the incessant lattice vibration of the nanoribbons. More interestingly, the lattice vibration behaves like a double-edged sword that it boosts the conductance of symmetric zigzag nanoribbons (containing an even number of zigzag chains along the width direction) while weakens the conductance of asymmetric nanoribbons. As a result, the reported large disparity between the conductances of the two kinds of nanoribbons at 0 K is in fact much smaller at room temperature (300 K). We also find that the spin filter effect that exists in perfect two-dimensional symmetric zigzag graphene nanoribbons is destroyed to some extent by lattice vibrations. Since lattice vibrations or phonons are usually inevitable in experiments, the research is very meaningful for revealing the important role of lattice vibrations play in the electron transport properties of two-dimensional materials and guiding the application of ZGNRs in reality.

Electron-phonon coupling in one dimension

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Apostol, M.; Baldea, I.

1981-08-01

The Ward identity is derived for the electron-phonon coupling in one dimension and the spectrum of elementary excitations is calculated by assuming that the Fermi distribution is not strongly distorted by interaction. The electron-phonon vertex is renormalized in the case of the forward scattering and Migdal's theorem is discussed. A model is proposed for the giant Kohn anomaly. The dip in the phonon spectrum is obtained and found to be in agreement with the experimental data for KCP. (author)

Spin-flip transitions in self-assembled quantum dots

Science.gov (United States)

Stavrou, V. N.

2017-12-01

Detailed realistic calculations of the spin-flip time (T 1) for an electron in a self-assembled quantum dot (SAQD) due to emission of an acoustic phonon, using only bulk properties with no fitting parameters, are presented. Ellipsoidal lens shaped Inx Ga1-x As quantum dots, with electronic states calculated using 8-band strain dependent {k \\cdot p} theory, are considered. The phonons are treated as bulk acoustic phonons coupled to the electron by both deformation potential and piezoelectric interactions. The dependence of T 1 on the geometry of SAQD, on the applied external magnetic field and on the lattice temperature is highlighted. The theoretical results are close to the experimental measurements on the spin-flip times for a single electron in QD.

Lattice parameters and Raman-active phonon modes of β-(Al{sub x}Ga{sub 1−x}){sub 2}O{sub 3}

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kranert, Christian, E-mail: christian.kranert@uni-leipzig.de; Jenderka, Marcus; Lenzner, Jörg; Lorenz, Michael; Wenckstern, Holger von; Schmidt-Grund, Rüdiger; Grundmann, Marius [Institut für Experimentelle Physik II, Universität Leipzig, Halbleiterphysik, Linnéstr. 5, 04103 Leipzig (Germany)

2015-03-28

We present X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy investigations of a (100)-oriented (Al{sub x}Ga{sub 1–x}){sub 2}O{sub 3} thin film on MgO (100) and bulk-like ceramics in dependence on their composition. The thin film grown by pulsed laser deposition has a continuous lateral composition spread allowing to determine precisely the dependence of the phonon mode properties and lattice parameters on the chemical composition. For x < 0.4, we observe the single-phase β-modification. Its lattice parameters and phonon energies depend linearly on the composition. We determined the slopes of these dependencies for the individual lattice parameters and for nine Raman lines, respectively. While the lattice parameters of the ceramics follow Vegard's rule, deviations are observed for the thin film. This deviation has only a small effect on the phonon energies, which show a reasonably good agreement between thin film and ceramics.

Analytic treatment of nuclear spin-lattice relaxation for diffusion in a cone model

Science.gov (United States)

Sitnitsky, A. E.

2011-12-01

We consider nuclear spin-lattice relaxation rate resulted from a diffusion equation for rotational wobbling in a cone. We show that the widespread point of view that there are no analytical expressions for correlation functions for wobbling in a cone model is invalid and prove that nuclear spin-lattice relaxation in this model is exactly tractable and amenable to full analytical description. The mechanism of relaxation is assumed to be due to dipole-dipole interaction of nuclear spins and is treated within the framework of the standard Bloemberger, Purcell, Pound-Solomon scheme. We consider the general case of arbitrary orientation of the cone axis relative the magnetic field. The BPP-Solomon scheme is shown to remain valid for systems with the distribution of the cone axes depending only on the tilt relative the magnetic field but otherwise being isotropic. We consider the case of random isotropic orientation of cone axes relative the magnetic field taking place in powders. Also we consider the cases of their predominant orientation along or opposite the magnetic field and that of their predominant orientation transverse to the magnetic field which may be relevant for, e.g., liquid crystals. Besides we treat in details the model case of the cone axis directed along the magnetic field. The latter provides direct comparison of the limiting case of our formulas with the textbook formulas for free isotropic rotational diffusion. The dependence of the spin-lattice relaxation rate on the cone half-width yields results similar to those predicted by the model-free approach.

A low-temperature derivation of spin-spin exchange in Kondo lattice model

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Feng Szeshiang; Mochena, Mogus

2005-01-01

Using Hubbard-Stratonovich transformation and drone-fermion representations for spin-12 and for spin-32, which is presented for the first time, we make a path-integral formulation of the Kondo lattice model. In the case of weak coupling and low temperature, the functional integral over conduction fermions can be approximated to the quadratic order and this gives the well-known RKKY interaction. In the case of strong coupling, the same quadratic approximation leads to an effective local spin-spin interaction linear in hopping energy t

A low-temperature derivation of spin-spin exchange in Kondo lattice model

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Feng Szeshiang [Physics Department, Florida A and M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307 (United States)]. E-mail: shixiang.feng@famu.edu; Mochena, Mogus [Physics Department, Florida A and M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307 (United States)

2005-11-01

Using Hubbard-Stratonovich transformation and drone-fermion representations for spin-12 and for spin-32, which is presented for the first time, we make a path-integral formulation of the Kondo lattice model. In the case of weak coupling and low temperature, the functional integral over conduction fermions can be approximated to the quadratic order and this gives the well-known RKKY interaction. In the case of strong coupling, the same quadratic approximation leads to an effective local spin-spin interaction linear in hopping energy t.

Phonon squeezed states: quantum noise reduction in solids

Science.gov (United States)

Hu, Xuedong; Nori, Franco

1999-03-01

This article discusses quantum fluctuation properties of a crystal lattice, and in particular, phonon squeezed states. Squeezed states of phonons allow a reduction in the quantum fluctuations of the atomic displacements to below the zero-point quantum noise level of coherent phonon states. Here we discuss our studies of both continuous-wave and impulsive second-order Raman scattering mechanisms. The later approach was used to experimentally suppress (by one part in a million) fluctuations in phonons. We calculate the expectation values and fluctuations of both the atomic displacement and the lattice amplitude operators, as well as the effects of the phonon squeezed states on macroscopically measurable quantities, such as changes in the dielectric constant. These results are compared with recent experiments. Further information, including preprints and animations, are available in http://www-personal.engin.umich.edu/∼nori/squeezed.html.

One- and two-dimensional sublattices as preconditions for high-Tc superconductivity

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Krueger, E.

1989-01-01

In an earlier paper it was proposed describing superconductivity in the framework of a nonadiabatic Heisenberg model in order to interprete the outstanding symmetry proper ties of the (spin-dependent) Wannier functions in the conduction bands of superconductors. This new group-theoretical model suggests that Cooper pair formation can only be mediated by boson excitations carrying crystal-spin-angular momentum. While in the three-dimensionally isotropic lattices of the standard superconductors phonons are able to transport crystal-spin-angular momentum, this is not true for phonons propagating through the one- or two-dimensional Cu-O sublattices of the high-T c compounds. Therefore, if such an anisotropic material is superconducting, it is necessarily higher-energetic excitations (of well-defined symmetry) which mediate pair formation. This fact is proposed being responsible for the high transition temperatures of these compounds. (author)

Efficiency of free-energy calculations of spin lattices by spectral quantum algorithms

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Master, Cyrus P.; Yamaguchi, Fumiko; Yamamoto, Yoshihisa

2003-01-01

Ensemble quantum algorithms are well suited to calculate estimates of the energy spectra for spin-lattice systems. Based on the phase estimation algorithm, these algorithms efficiently estimate discrete Fourier coefficients of the density of states. Their efficiency in calculating the free energy per spin of general spin lattices to bounded error is examined. We find that the number of Fourier components required to bound the error in the free energy due to the broadening of the density of states scales polynomially with the number of spins in the lattice. However, the precision with which the Fourier components must be calculated is found to be an exponential function of the system size

Phonon-magnon interaction in low dimensional quantum magnets observed by dynamic heat transport measurements.

Science.gov (United States)

Montagnese, Matteo; Otter, Marian; Zotos, Xenophon; Fishman, Dmitry A; Hlubek, Nikolai; Mityashkin, Oleg; Hess, Christian; Saint-Martin, Romuald; Singh, Surjeet; Revcolevschi, Alexandre; van Loosdrecht, Paul H M

2013-04-05

Thirty-five years ago, Sanders and Walton [Phys. Rev. B 15, 1489 (1977)] proposed a method to measure the phonon-magnon interaction in antiferromagnets through thermal transport which so far has not been verified experimentally. We show that a dynamical variant of this approach allows direct extraction of the phonon-magnon equilibration time, yielding 400 μs for the cuprate spin-ladder system Ca(9)La(5)Cu(24)O(41). The present work provides a general method to directly address the spin-phonon interaction by means of dynamical transport experiments.

Phonon Spectrum in Hydroxyapatite: Calculations and EPR Study at Low Temperatures

Science.gov (United States)

Biktagirov, Timur; Gafurov, Marat; Iskhakova, Kamila; Mamin, Georgy; Orlinskii, Sergei

2016-12-01

Density functional theory-based calculations within the framework of the plane-wave pseudopotential approach are carried out to define the phonon spectrum of hydroxyapatite Ca_{10}(PO4)6(OH)2 (HAp). It allows to describe the temperature dependence of the electronic spin-lattice relaxation time T_{1e} of the radiation-induced stable radical NO3^{2-} in HAp, which was measured in X-band (9 GHz, magnetic field strength of 0.34 T) in the temperature range T = (10-300) K. It is shown that the temperature behavior of T_{1e} at T> 20 K can be fitted via two-phonon Raman type processes with the Debye temperature Θ D ≈ 280 {K} evaluated from the phonon spectrum.

Spin-1/2 Heisenberg antiferromagnet on the pyrochlore lattice: An exact diagonalization study

Science.gov (United States)

Chandra, V. Ravi; Sahoo, Jyotisman

2018-04-01

We present exact diagonalization calculations for the spin-1/2 nearest-neighbor antiferromagnet on the pyrochlore lattice. We study a section of the lattice in the [111] direction and analyze the Hamiltonian of the breathing pyrochlore system with two coupling constants J1 and J2 for tetrahedra of different orientations and investigate the evolution of the system from the limit of disconnected tetrahedra (J2=0 ) to a correlated state at J1=J2 . We evaluate the low-energy spectrum, two and four spin correlations, and spin chirality correlations for a system size of up to 36 sites. The model shows a fast decay of spin correlations and we confirm the presence of several singlet excitations below the lowest magnetic excitation. We find chirality correlations near J1=J2 to be small at the length scales available at this system size. Evaluation of dimer-dimer correlations and analysis of the nature of the entanglement of the tetrahedral unit shows that the triplet sector of the tetrahedron contributes significantly to the ground-state entanglement at J1=J2 .

2-D modeling of dual-mode acoustic phonon excitation of a triangular nanoplate

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Tai, Po-Tse; Yu, Pyng; Tang, Jau

2010-01-01

Graphical abstract: Modeling the lattice dynamics of a triangular plate with the arrows indicating the direction of impulsive thermal stress. We investigated ultrafast structural dynamics of triangular nanoplates based on 2-D Fermi-Pasta-Ulam model to explain coherent acoustic phonon excitation in nanoprisms. - Abstract: In this theoretical work, we investigated coherent phonon excitation of a triangular nanoplate based on 2-D Fermi-Pasta-Ulam lattice model. Based on the two-temperature model commonly used in description of laser heating of metals, we considered two kinds of forces related to electronic and lattice stresses. Based on extensive simulation and analysis, we identified two major planar phonon modes, namely, a standing wave mode related to the triangle bisector and another mode corresponding to half of the side length. This work elucidates the roles of laser-induced electronic stress and lattice stress in controlling the initial phase and the amplitude ratio between these two phonon modes.

Energy loss in degenerate semiconductors due to inelastic interaction with acoustic and piezoelectric phonons at low lattice temperatures

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Midday, S; Bhattacharya, D P

2011-01-01

The energy loss rate of an electron in a degenerate semiconductor because of inelastic interaction with deformation potential and piezoelectric acoustic phonons is calculated in the case when the lattice temperature is low, so that the approximations of the well-known traditional theory are not valid. Compared to the traditional results and those for non-degenerate semiconductors, the theory here reveals a more complex and altogether different dependence of the loss rate on the carrier energy and the lattice temperature. The numerical results obtained here for Si and GaAs show how significantly the degeneracy level, the true phonon distribution or the inelasticity of the interaction affects the loss characteristics at low temperatures.

Lattice Dynamics Study of Phonon Instability and Thermal Properties of Type-I Clathrate K8Si46 under High Pressure

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Wei Zhang

2016-07-01

Full Text Available For a further understanding of the phase transitions mechanism in type-I silicon clathrates K8Si46, ab initio self-consistent electronic calculations combined with linear-response method have been performed to investigate the vibrational properties of alkali metal K atoms encapsulated type-I silicon-clathrate under pressure within the framework of density functional perturbation theory. Our lattice dynamics simulation results showed that the pressure induced phase transition of K8Si46 was believed to be driven by the phonon instability of the calthrate lattice. Analysis of the evolution of the partial phonon density of state with pressure, a legible dynamic picture for both guest K atoms and host lattice, was given. In addition, based on phonon calculations and combined with quasi-harmonic approximation, the specific heat of K8Si46 was derived, which agreed very well with experimental results. Also, other important thermal properties including the thermal expansion coefficients and Grüneisen parameters of K8Si46 under different temperature and pressure were also predicted.

Superfluidity of bosons on a deformable lattice

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Jackeli, G.; Ranninger, J.

2001-01-01

We study the superfluid properties of a system of interacting bosons on a lattice, which, moreover, are coupled to the vibrational modes of this lattice, treated here in terms of Einstein phonon modes. The ground state corresponds to two correlated condensates: that of the bosons and that of the phonons. Two competing effects determine the common collective sound-wave-like mode with sound velocity v, arising from gauge symmetry breaking. (i) The sound velocity v 0 (corresponding to a weakly interacting Bose system on a rigid lattice) in the lowest-order approximation is reduced due to reduction of the repulsive boson-boson interaction, arising from the attractive part of the phonon-mediated interaction in the static limit. (ii) The second-order correction to the sound velocity is enhanced as compared to that of bosons on a rigid lattice when the boson-phonon interaction is switched on due to the retarded nature of the phonon-mediated interaction. The overall effect is that the sound velocity is essentially unaffected by the coupling with phonons, indicating the robustness of the superfluid state. The induction of a coherent state in the phonon system driven by the condensation of the bosons could be of experimental significance, permitting spectroscopic detection of superfluid properties of bosons. Our results are based on an extension of the Beliaev-Popov formalism for a weakly interacting Bose gas on a rigid lattice to one on a deformable lattice with which it interacts

Mixed spin-((1)/(2)) and spin-1 Blume-Capel Ising ferrimagnetic system on the Bethe lattice

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Albayrak, Erhan; Keskin, Mustafa

2003-01-01

The mixed spin-((1)/(2)) and spin-1 Blume-Capel Ising ferrimagnetic system is studied on the Bethe lattice by using the exact recursion equations. Exact expressions for the magnetization, the quadrupolar moment, the Curie temperature and the free energy are found and the phase diagrams are constructed on the Bethe lattice with the coordination numbers q=3, 4, 5 and 6. The existence of a tricritical point is investigated for different values of q. The results are compared with those of other approximate methods and with the exact result on the Bethe lattice by using a discrete nonlinear map and also the exact results that are available for the case of the honeycomb lattice

Classification and properties of quantum spin liquids on the hyperhoneycomb lattice

Science.gov (United States)

Huang, Biao; Choi, Wonjune; Kim, Yong Baek; Lu, Yuan-Ming

2018-05-01

The family of "Kitaev materials" provides an ideal platform to study quantum spin liquids and their neighboring magnetic orders. Motivated by the possibility of a quantum spin liquid ground state in pressurized hyperhoneycomb iridate β -Li2IrO3 , we systematically classify and study symmetric quantum spin liquids on the hyperhoneycomb lattice, using the Abrikosov-fermion representation. Among the 176 symmetric U (1 ) spin liquids (and 160 Z2 spin liquids), we identify eight "root" U (1 ) spin liquids in proximity to the ground state of the solvable Kitave model on the hyperhonecyomb lattice. These eight states are promising candidates for possible U (1 ) spin liquid ground states in pressurized β -Li2IrO3 . We further discuss physical properties of these eight U (1 ) spin liquid candidates, and show that they all support nodal-line-shaped spinon Fermi surfaces.

Excited states configurations of the quantum Toda lattice

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Matsuyama, A.

2001-01-01

Excited states configurations of the quantum Toda lattice are studied by the direct diagonalization of the Hamiltonian. The most probable configurations of one-hole and one-particle excitations are shown to be similar to the profiles of classical phonon and soliton excitations, respectively. One-hole excitation states, which are always ground states of definite E m -symmetry of the dihedral group D N , change those structures abruptly with the potential range varied. One-particle excitations, which are buried in complicated excitation spectra, have well-defined configurations similar to the conoidal profile of the classical periodic Toda lattice. The relationship that the hole (particle) excitations in quantum mechanics correspond to the phonon (soliton) excitations in classical mechanics, which has been suggested based on the similarity of dispersion relations, is confirmed in a geometrically understandable way. Based on the study of one-soliton and two-soliton states, the structure of multi-soliton states in quantum mechanics can be conjectured

The spin relaxation of nitrogen donors in 6H SiC crystals as studied by the electron spin echo method

Science.gov (United States)

Savchenko, D.; Shanina, B.; Kalabukhova, E.; Pöppl, A.; Lančok, J.; Mokhov, E.

2016-04-01

We present the detailed study of the spin kinetics of the nitrogen (N) donor electrons in 6H SiC wafers grown by the Lely method and by the sublimation "sandwich method" (SSM) with a donor concentration of about 1017 cm-3 at T = 10-40 K. The donor electrons of the N donors substituting quasi-cubic "k1" and "k2" sites (Nk1,k2) in both types of the samples revealed the similar temperature dependence of the spin-lattice relaxation rate (T1-1), which was described by the direct one-phonon and two-phonon processes induced by the acoustic phonons proportional to T and to T9, respectively. The character of the temperature dependence of the T1-1 for the donor electrons of N substituting hexagonal ("h") site (Nh) in both types of 6H SiC samples indicates that the donor electrons relax through the fast-relaxing centers by means of the cross-relaxation process. The observed enhancement of the phase memory relaxation rate (Tm-1) with the temperature increase for the Nh donors in both types of the samples, as well as for the Nk1,k2 donors in Lely grown 6H SiC, was explained by the growth of the free electron concentration with the temperature increase and their exchange scattering at the N donor centers. The observed significant shortening of the phase memory relaxation time Tm for the Nk1,k2 donors in the SSM grown sample with the temperature lowering is caused by hopping motion of the electrons between the occupied and unoccupied states of the N donors at Nh and Nk1,k2 sites. The impact of the N donor pairs, triads, distant donor pairs formed in n-type 6H SiC wafers on the spin relaxation times was discussed.

Bulk-like-phonon polaritons in one-dimensional photonic superlattices

Science.gov (United States)

Gómez-Urrea, H. A.; Duque, C. A.; Mora-Ramos, M. E.

2017-05-01

We investigate the properties of a one-dimensional photonic superlattice made of alternating layers of air and wurtzite aluminum nitride. The Maxwell equations are solved for any admissible values of the angle of incidence by means of the transfer matrix formalism. The band structure of the frequency spectrum is obtained, as well as the density of states and transmittance associated to both the TM and TE modes. The dispersion relations indicate that for oblique incidence and TM modes there is a component of the electric field oriented along the growth direction of the structure that couples with the longitudinal optical phonon oscillations of the aluminum nitride thus leading to the appearance of longitudinal phonon polaritons in the system.

Two-phonon absorption spectra and lattice vibration anisotropy in HfS2

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Riede, V.; Neumann, H.; Sobotta, H.

1983-01-01

The infrared absorption spectra for E-vector perpendicular to c-vector in the two-phonon combination mode range is measured and analysed in order to get additional information about the A/sub 2u/ mode frequencies in HfS 2 . The lattice vibrational properties have been analysed in terms of the polarizable ion model. This model accounts for the long-range Coulomb terms of the charge and the static dipole induced by the structural anisotropy at each anion site

Lattice anomalies and magnetic excitations of the spin web compound Cu3TeO6

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Choi, K Y; Lemmens, P; Choi, E S; Berger, H

2008-01-01

We report on the magnetic susceptibility and Raman scattering measurements of the S = 1/2 three-dimensional (3D) spin web compound Cu 3 TeO 6 . The magnetic susceptibility shows an antiferromagnetic ordering at T N ∼61 K and a deviation from the Curie-Weiss law around 150 K. Raman spectra show the emergence of a new mode at 132 cm -1 for temperatures below T*∼50 K (∼0.8 T N ). At the same temperature, phonon anomalies in intensity and frequency show up. This gives evidence of pronounced magneto-elastic effects. In addition, we observe a two-magnon Raman spectrum around 214 cm -1 . Compared to typical 3D spin systems, its robust temperature dependence suggests that a frustrated spin topology with a reduced spin coordination number also enhances spin-phonon couplings.

Spin-dependent potentials from lattice QCD

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Koma, Y.

2006-09-01

The spin-dependent corrections to the static inter-quark potential are phenomenologically relevant to describing the fine and hyperfine spin splitting of the heavy quarkonium spectra. We investigate these corrections, which are represented as the field strength correlators on the quark-antiquark source, in SU(3) lattice gauge theory. We use the Polyakov loop correlation function as the quark-antiquark source, and by employing the multi-level algorithm, we obtain remarkably clean signals for these corrections up to intermediate distances of around 0.6 fm. Our observation suggests several new features of the corrections. (orig.)

Phase separation, clustering, and fractal characteristics in glass: A magic-angle-spinning NMR spin-lattice relaxation study

Science.gov (United States)

Sen, S.; Stebbins, J. F.

1994-07-01

A comparative study of the 29Si spin-lattice relaxation behavior (induced by trace amounts of paramagnetic dopants in the glass) in phase-separated Li2Si4O9 and monophasic Li2Si2O5 and Na2Si2O5 glasses has been made in order to understand the nature of clustering and the resulting intermediate-range ordering. Optically clear tetrasilicate and disilicate glasses were prepared with 500 to 2000 ppm of Gd2O3, a paramagnetic dopant. The constituent structural units (Q3 and Q4 species) in all tetrasilicate glasses show strong differential relaxation following a power-law behavior. This is due to preferential partitioning of Gd3+ into the lower silica (Q3-rich) regions of these glasses, indicating the presence of Q species clusters too small to produce optical opalescence (a few nm to perhaps tens of nm). Preliminary results on 6Li spin-lattice relaxation in these glasses support this hypothesis. Differential relaxation becomes more pronounced on annealing due to growth of such clusters. No such differential relaxation was observed in the monophase disilicate glasses. For spin-lattice relaxation induced by direct dipolar coupling to paramagnetic ions, the recovery of magnetization is proportional to time as M(t)~tα where α is a function of the dimensionality D of mass distribution of the constituent Q species around the Gd3+ paramagnetic centers in the glass. For tetrasilicate glasses D~=2.62+/-0.22 and the system behaves as a mass fractal up to a length scale of 2 to 3 nm. D is thus equal to, within error, the theoretical value of 2.6 for an infinite percolation cluster of one type of Q species in another. For disilicate glasses, D~=3.06+/-0.18 which indicates a three-dimensional (and thus nonfractal) mass distribution of the constituent Q species over the same length scale.

Suppression of Raman electron spin relaxation of radicals in crystals. Comparison of Cu2+ and free radical relaxation in triglycine sulfate and Tutton salt single crystals.

Science.gov (United States)

Hoffmann, S K; Goslar, J; Lijewski, S

2011-08-31

Electron spin-lattice relaxation was measured by the electron spin echo method in a broad temperature range above 4.2 K for Cu(2+) ions and free radicals produced by ionizing radiation in triglycine sulfate (TGS) and Tutton salt (NH4)(2)Zn(SO4)2 ⋅ 6H2O crystals. Localization of the paramagnetic centres in the crystal unit cells was determined from continuous wave electron paramagnetic resonance spectra. Various spin relaxation processes and mechanisms are outlined. Cu(2+) ions relax fast via two-phonon Raman processes in both crystals involving the whole phonon spectrum of the host lattice. This relaxation is slightly slower for TGS where Cu(2+) ions are in the interstitial position. The ordinary Raman processes do not contribute to the radical relaxation which relaxes via the local phonon mode. The local mode lies within the acoustic phonon band for radicals in TGS but within the optical phonon range in (NH4)(2)Zn(SO4)2 ⋅ 6H2O. In the latter the cross-relaxation was considered. A lack of phonons around the radical molecules suggested a local crystal amorphisation produced by x- or γ-rays.

Measurement of sample temperatures under magic-angle spinning from the chemical shift and spin-lattice relaxation rate of 79Br in KBr powder.

Science.gov (United States)

Thurber, Kent R; Tycko, Robert

2009-01-01

Accurate determination of sample temperatures in solid state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) with magic-angle spinning (MAS) can be problematic, particularly because frictional heating and heating by radio-frequency irradiation can make the internal sample temperature significantly different from the temperature outside the MAS rotor. This paper demonstrates the use of (79)Br chemical shifts and spin-lattice relaxation rates in KBr powder as temperature-dependent parameters for the determination of internal sample temperatures. Advantages of this method include high signal-to-noise, proximity of the (79)Br NMR frequency to that of (13)C, applicability from 20 K to 320 K or higher, and simultaneity with adjustment of the MAS axis direction. We show that spin-lattice relaxation in KBr is driven by a quadrupolar mechanism. We demonstrate a simple approach to including KBr powder in hydrated samples, such as biological membrane samples, hydrated amyloid fibrils, and hydrated microcrystalline proteins, that allows direct assessment of the effects of frictional and radio-frequency heating under experimentally relevant conditions.

Spin and energy transfer between magnetic ions and free carriers in diluted-magnetic semiconductor heterostructures

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Yakovlev, D.R. [Experimental Physics 2, University of Dortmund, 44227 Dortmund (Germany); Ioffe Physico-Technical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, 194021 St. Petersburg (Russian Federation); Kneip, M.; Bayer, M. [Experimental Physics 2, University of Dortmund, 44227 Dortmund (Germany); Maksimov, A.A.; Tartakovskii, I.I. [Institute of Solid State Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142432 Chernogolovka (Russian Federation); Keller, D.; Ossau, W.; Molenkamp, L.W. [Physikalisches Institut der Universitaet Wuerzburg, 97074 Wuerzburg (Germany); Scherbakov, A.V.; Akimov, A.V. [Ioffe Physico-Technical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, 194021 St. Petersburg (Russian Federation); Waag, A. [Abteilung Halbleiterphysik, Universitaet Ulm, 89081 Ulm (Germany)

2004-03-01

In this paper we give a brief overview of our studies on dynamical processes in diluted-magnetic-semiconductor heterostructures based on (Zn,Mn)Se and (Cd,Mn)Te. Presence of free carriers is an important factor which determines the energy- and spin transfer in a coupled systems of magnetic ions, lattice (the phonon system) and carriers. We report also new data on dynamical response of magnetic ions interacting with photogenerated electron-hole plasma. (Zn,Mn)Se/(Zn,Be)Se structures with relatively high Mn content of 11% provide spin-lattice relaxation time of about 20 ns, which is considerably shorter then the characteristic times of nonequilibrium phonons ranging to 1 {mu}s. (copyright 2004 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH and Co. KGaA, Weinheim) (orig.)

Block spins and chirality in Heisenberg model on Kagome and triangular lattices

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Subrahmanyam, V.

1994-01-01

The spin-1/2 Heisenberg model (HM) is investigated using a block-spin renormalization approach on Kagome and triangular lattices. In both cases, after coarse graining the triangles on original lattice and truncation of the Hilbert space to the triangular ground state subspace, HM reduces to an effective model on a triangular lattice in terms of the triangular-block degrees of freedom viz. the spin and the chirality quantum numbers. The chirality part of the effective Hamiltonian captures the essential difference between the two lattices. It is seen that simple eigenstates can be constructed for the effective model whose energies serve as upper bounds on the exact ground state energy of HM, and chiral ordered variational states have high energies compared to the other variational states. (author). 12 refs, 2 figs

Electron spin relaxation governed by Raman processes both for Cu2+ ions and carbonate radicals in KHCO3 crystals: EPR and electron spin echo studies

Science.gov (United States)

Hoffmann, Stanislaw K.; Goslar, Janina; Lijewski, Stefan

2012-08-01

EPR studies of Cu2+ and two free radicals formed by γ-radiation were performed for KHCO3 single crystal at room temperature. From the rotational EPR results we concluded that Cu2+ is chelated by two carbonate molecules in a square planar configuration with spin-Hamiltonian parameters g|| = 2.2349 and A|| = 18.2 mT. Free radicals were identified as neutral HOCOrad with unpaired electron localized on the carbon atom and a radical anion CO3·- with unpaired electron localized on two oxygen atoms. The hyperfine splitting of the EPR lines by an interaction with a single hydrogen atom of HOCOrad was observed with isotropic coupling constants ao = 0.31 mT. Two differently oriented radical sites were identified in the crystal unit cell. Electron spin-lattice relaxation measured by electron spin echo methods shows that both Cu2+ and free radicals relax via two-phonon Raman processes with almost the same relaxation rate. The temperature dependence of the relaxation rate 1/T1 is well described with the effective Debye temperature ΘD = 175 K obtained from a fit to the Debye-type phonon spectrum. We calculated a more realistic Debye temperature value from available elastic constant values of the crystal as ΘD = 246 K. This ΘD-value and the Debye phonon spectrum approximation give a much worse fit to the experimental results. Possible contributions from a local mode or an optical mode are considered and it is suggested that the real phonon spectrum should be used for the relaxation data interpretation. It is unusual that free radicals in KHCO3 relax similarly to the well localized Cu2+ ions, which suggests a small destruction of the host crystal lattice by the ionizing irradiation allowing well coupling between radical and lattice dynamics.

One-way mode transmission in one-dimensional phononic crystal plates

Science.gov (United States)

Zhu, Xuefeng; Zou, Xinye; Liang, Bin; Cheng, Jianchun

2010-12-01

We investigate theoretically the band structures of one-dimensional phononic crystal (PC) plates with both antisymmetric and symmetric structures, and show how unidirectional transmission behavior can be obtained for either antisymmetric waves (A modes) or symmetric waves (S modes) by exploiting mode conversion and selection in the linear plate systems. The theoretical approach is illustrated for one PC plate example where unidirectional transmission behavior is obtained in certain frequency bands. Employing harmonic frequency analysis, we numerically demonstrate the one-way mode transmission for the PC plate with finite superlattice by calculating the steady-state displacement fields under A modes source (or S modes source) in forward and backward direction, respectively. The results show that the incident waves from A modes source (or S modes source) are transformed into S modes waves (or A modes waves) after passing through the superlattice in the forward direction and the Lamb wave rejections in the backward direction are striking with a power extinction ratio of more than 1000. The present structure can be easily extended to two-dimensional PC plate and efficiently encourage practical studies of experimental realization which is believed to have much significance for one-way Lamb wave mode transmission.

Towards a Quantum Interface between Diamond Spin Qubits and Phonons in an Optical Trap

Science.gov (United States)

Ji, Peng; Momeen, M. Ummal; Hsu, Jen-Feng; D'Urso, Brian; Dutt, Gurudev

2014-05-01

We introduce a method to optically levitate a pre-selected nanodiamond crystal in air or vacuum. The nanodiamond containing nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers is suspended on a monolayer of graphene transferred onto a patterned substrate. Laser light is focused onto the sample, using a home-built confocal microscope with a high numerical aperture (NA = 0.9) objective, simultaneously burning the graphene and creating a 3D optical trap that captures the falling nano-diamond at the beam waist. The trapped diamond is an ultra-high-Q mechanical oscillator, allowing us to engineer strong linear and quadratic coupling between the spin of the NV center and the phonon mode. The system could result in an ideal quantum interface between a spin qubit and vibrational phonon mode, potentially enabling applications in quantum information processing and sensing the development of quantum information storage and processing.

Emergent reduced dimensionality by vertex frustration in artificial spin ice

Science.gov (United States)

Gilbert, Ian; Lao, Yuyang; Carrasquillo, Isaac; O'Brien, Liam; Watts, Justin D.; Manno, Michael; Leighton, Chris; Scholl, Andreas; Nisoli, Cristiano; Schiffer, Peter

2016-02-01

Reducing the dimensionality of a physical system can have a profound effect on its properties, as in the ordering of low-dimensional magnetic materials, phonon dispersion in mercury chain salts, sliding phases, and the electronic states of graphene. Here we explore the emergence of quasi-one-dimensional behaviour in two-dimensional artificial spin ice, a class of lithographically fabricated nanomagnet arrays used to study geometrical frustration. We extend the implementation of artificial spin ice by fabricating a new array geometry, the so-called tetris lattice. We demonstrate that the ground state of the tetris lattice consists of alternating ordered and disordered bands of nanomagnetic moments. The disordered bands can be mapped onto an emergent thermal one-dimensional Ising model. Furthermore, we show that the level of degeneracy associated with these bands dictates the susceptibility of island moments to thermally induced reversals, thus establishing that vertex frustration can reduce the relevant dimensionality of physical behaviour in a magnetic system.

Electron spin relaxation in a transition-metal dichalcogenide quantum dot

Science.gov (United States)

Pearce, Alexander J.; Burkard, Guido

2017-06-01

We study the relaxation of a single electron spin in a circular quantum dot in a transition-metal dichalcogenide monolayer defined by electrostatic gating. Transition-metal dichalcogenides provide an interesting and promising arena for quantum dot nano-structures due to the combination of a band gap, spin-valley physics and strong spin-orbit coupling. First we will discuss which bound state solutions in different B-field regimes can be used as the basis for qubits states. We find that at low B-fields combined spin-valley Kramers qubits to be suitable, while at large magnetic fields pure spin or valley qubits can be envisioned. Then we present a discussion of the relaxation of a single electron spin mediated by electron-phonon interaction via various different relaxation channels. In the low B-field regime we consider the spin-valley Kramers qubits and include impurity mediated valley mixing which will arise in disordered quantum dots. Rashba spin-orbit admixture mechanisms allow for relaxation by in-plane phonons either via the deformation potential or by piezoelectric coupling, additionally direct spin-phonon mechanisms involving out-of-plane phonons give rise to relaxation. We find that the relaxation rates scale as \\propto B 6 for both in-plane phonons coupling via deformation potential and the piezoelectric effect, while relaxation due to the direct spin-phonon coupling scales independant to B-field to lowest order but depends strongly on device mechanical tension. We will also discuss the relaxation mechanisms for pure spin or valley qubits formed in the large B-field regime.

Longitudinal and spin Hall conductance of a one-dimensional Aharonov-Bohm ring

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Moca, Catalin Pascu; Marinescu, D C

2006-01-01

The longitudinal and spin Hall conductances of an electron gas with Rashba-Dresselhaus spin-orbit interaction, confined to a quasi-one-dimensional Aharonov-Bohm ring, are studied as functions of disorder and magnetic flux. The system is mapped onto a one-dimensional virtual lattice and is described, in a tight binding approximation, by a Hamiltonian that depends parametrically on the nearest neighbour hopping integral t, the Rashba spin-orbit coupling V R , the Dresselhaus spin-orbit coupling V D and an Anderson-like, on-site disorder energy strength W. Numerical results are obtained within a spin dependent Landauer-Buettiker formalism

The water proton spin-lattice relaxation times in virus-infected cells

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Valensin, G.; Gaggelli, E.; Tiezzi, E.; Valensin, P.E.; Bianchi Bandinelli, M.L.

1979-01-01

The water proton spin-lattice relaxation times in HEp-2 cell cultures were determined immediately after 1 h of polio-virus adsorption. The shortening of the water T 1 was closely related to the multiplicity of infection, allowing direct inspections of the virus-cell interaction since the first steps of the infectious cycle. Virus-induced structural and conformational changes of cell constituents were suggested to be detectable by NMR investigation of cell water. (Auth.)

Polarization response of RHIC electron lens lattices

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

V. H. Ranjbar

2016-10-01

Full Text Available Depolarization response for a system of two orthogonal snakes at irrational tunes is studied in depth using lattice independent spin integration. In particular we consider the effect of overlapping spin resonances in this system, to understand the impact of phase, tune, relative location and threshold strengths of the spin resonances. These results are benchmarked and compared to two dimensional direct tracking results for the RHIC e-lens lattice and the standard lattice. Finally we consider the effect of longitudinal motion via chromatic scans using direct six dimensional lattice tracking.

Polarization response of RHIC electron lens lattices

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ranjbar, V. H.; Méot, F.; Bai, M.; Abell, D. T.; Meiser, D.

2016-01-01

Depolarization response for a system of two orthogonal snakes at irrational tunes is studied in depth using lattice independent spin integration. Particularly, we consider the effect of overlapping spin resonances in this system, to understand the impact of phase, tune, relative location and threshold strengths of the spin resonances. Furthermore, these results are benchmarked and compared to two dimensional direct tracking results for the RHIC e-lens lattice and the standard lattice. We then consider the effect of longitudinal motion via chromatic scans using direct six dimensional lattice tracking.

Influence of nanoinclusions on scattering of holes and phonons and transport coefficients in BixSb1−xTe3 bulk nanostructures

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bulat, Lev P.; Osvenskii, Vladimir B.; Parkhomenko, Yurii N.; Pshenay-Severin, Dmitry A.

2012-01-01

One of the possible ways to increase the thermoelectric figure of merit is the use of bulk nanostructured materials fabricated by melt spinning with subsequent hot pressing or spark plasma sintering. Among a variety of nanostructure types these materials contain regions of initial solid solution with nanometer sized inclusions of different compositions. In the present work the scattering of holes and phonons on nanoinclusions in such p-Bi x Sb 1−x Te 3 based materials is considered. The change of transport coefficients due to this scattering mechanism is theoretically estimated. The estimations showed that the reduction of lattice thermal conductivity (about 12–13%) for nanoinclusions of Bi 2 Te 3 –Sb 2 Te 3 solid solution with different compositions is much greater than the change in power factor. Therefore the corresponding increase of the thermoelectric figure of merit for this case is determined mainly by phonon scattering. Also it is shown that the results of estimations depend on phonon spectrum approximation, e.g. in the case of sine-shaped instead of linear phonon spectrum the estimations give two times higher thermal conductivity reduction. - Graphical abstract: Relative phonon thermal conductivity κ ph change (black line) due to nanoinclusion scattering versus nanoinclusion radius a, and relative thermoelectric power factor change (red line) due to nanoinclusion scattering versus chemical potential μ at nanoinclusion size a=1.5 nm and U 0 =−0.146 eV. Highlights: ► p-Bi x Sb 1−x Te 3 solid solutions with nanosized inclusions were considered. ► Selective hole scattering can increase power factor at high carrier concentrations. ► Lattice thermal conductivity estimations depend on phonon spectrum approximation. ► Phonon scattering can reduce lattice thermal conductivity by about 12–13%. ► The latter factor mainly determines the increase of thermoelectric efficiency.

Spin manipulation and spin-lattice interaction in magnetic colloidal quantum dots

Science.gov (United States)

Moro, Fabrizio; Turyanska, Lyudmila; Granwehr, Josef; Patanè, Amalia

2014-11-01

We report on the spin-lattice interaction and coherent manipulation of electron spins in Mn-doped colloidal PbS quantum dots (QDs) by electron spin resonance. We show that the phase memory time,TM , is limited by Mn-Mn dipolar interactions, hyperfine interactions of the protons (1H) on the QD capping ligands with Mn ions in their proximity (limit and at low temperature, we achieve a long phase memory time constant TM˜0.9 μ s , thus enabling the observation of Rabi oscillations. Our findings suggest routes to the rational design of magnetic colloidal QDs with phase memory times exceeding the current limits of relevance for the implementation of QDs as qubits in quantum information processing.

Mapping of spin wave propagation in a one-dimensional magnonic crystal

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ordóñez-Romero, César L., E-mail: cloro@fisica.unam.mx; Lazcano-Ortiz, Zorayda; Aguilar-Huerta, Melisa; Monsivais, Guillermo [Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CU, México D.F. 04510 (Mexico); Drozdovskii, Andrey; Kalinikos, Boris [St. Petersburg Electrotechnical University, 197376 St. Petersburg (Russian Federation); International laboratory “MultiferrLab,” ITMO University, 197101 St. Petersburg (Russian Federation); Domínguez-Juárez, J. L. [Cátedras CONACyT, CFATA, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Juriquilla, Querétaro 76230 (Mexico); Lopez-Maldonado, Guillermo [Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Lerma de Villada, 52006 Estado de México (Mexico); Qureshi, Naser; Kolokoltsev, Oleg [CCADET, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CU, México D.F. 04510 (Mexico)

2016-07-28

The formation and evolution of spin wave band gaps in the transmission spectrum of a magnonic crystal have been studied. A time and space resolved magneto inductive probing system has been used to map the spin wave propagation and evolution in a geometrically structured yttrium iron garnet film. Experiments have been carried out using (1) a chemically etched magnonic crystal supporting the propagation of magnetostatic surface spin waves, (2) a short microwave pulsed excitation of the spin waves, and (3) direct spin wave detection using a movable magneto inductive probe connected to a synchronized fast oscilloscope. The results show that the periodic structure not only modifies the spectra of the transmitted spin waves but also influences the distribution of the spin wave energy inside the magnonic crystal as a function of the position and the transmitted frequency. These results comprise an experimental confirmation of Bloch′s theorem in a spin wave system and demonstrate good agreement with theoretical observations in analogue phononic and photonic systems. Theoretical prediction of the structured transmission spectra is achieved using a simple model based on microwave transmission lines theory. Here, a spin wave system illustrates in detail the evolution of a much more general physical concept: the band gap.

Ground-state phases of the spin-1 J1-J2 Heisenberg antiferromagnet on the honeycomb lattice

Science.gov (United States)

Li, P. H. Y.; Bishop, R. F.

2016-06-01

We study the zero-temperature quantum phase diagram of a spin-1 Heisenberg antiferromagnet on the honeycomb lattice with both nearest-neighbor exchange coupling J1>0 and frustrating next-nearest-neighbor coupling J2≡κ J1>0 , using the coupled cluster method implemented to high orders of approximation, and based on model states with different forms of classical magnetic order. For each we calculate directly in the bulk thermodynamic limit both ground-state low-energy parameters (including the energy per spin, magnetic order parameter, spin stiffness coefficient, and zero-field uniform transverse magnetic susceptibility) and their generalized susceptibilities to various forms of valence-bond crystalline (VBC) order, as well as the energy gap to the lowest-lying spin-triplet excitation. In the range 0 κc 2=0.340 (5 ) . Two different paramagnetic phases are found to exist in the intermediate region. Over the range κc1<κ<κci=0.305 (5 ) we find a gapless phase with no discernible magnetic order, which is a strong candidate for being a quantum spin liquid, while over the range κci<κ <κc 2 we find a gapped phase, which is most likely a lattice nematic with staggered dimer VBC order that breaks the lattice rotational symmetry.

Lattice dynamics and electron/phonon interactions in epitaxial transition-metal nitrides

Science.gov (United States)

Mei, Antonio Rodolph Bighetti

increasing cation mass; optical mode energies remain approximately constant for the TM nitrides, but are significantly lower for the RE nitride due to a lower interatomic force constant. Optical/acoustic peak-intensity ratios are 1.15+/-0.1 for all four nitrides, indicating similar electron/phonon coupling strengths alphatr(h o) for both modes. Elastic constants are determined for single-crystal stoichiometric NaCl-structure VN(001), VN(011), and VN(111) epitaxial layers grown by magnetically-unbalanced reactive magnetron sputter deposition on 001-, 011-, and 111-oriented MgO substrates at 430 °C. The relaxed lattice parameter ao = 0.4134+/-0.0004 nm, obtained from high-resolution reciprocal space maps, and the mass density rho = 6.1 g/cm3, determined from the combination of Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy and film thickness measurements, of the VN layers are both in good agreement with reported values for bulk crystals. Sub-picosecond ultrasonic optical pump/probe techniques are used to generate and detect VN longitudinal sound waves with measured velocities v001 = 9.8+/-0.3, v011 = 9.1+/-0.3, and v111 = 9.1+/-0.3 km/s. The VN c11 elastic constant is determined from the sound wave velocity measurements as 585+/-30 GPa; the c44 elastic constant, 126+/-3 GPa, is obtained from surface acoustic wave measurements. From the combination of c11, c44, vhkl, and rho, the VN c 12 elastic constant is 178+/-33 GPa, the VN elastic anisotropy A = 0.62, the isotropic Poisson ratio nu = 0.29, and the anisotropic Poisson ratios nu001 = 0.23, nu011 = 0.30, and nu 111 = 0.29. The elastic stability criteria requires cubic crystals to resist [001] and [011] shears as well as isotropic compression or, equivalently, for G001 = (c11 -- c12)/2 > 0, G 011 = c44 > 0, and B = (c11 + 2c12)/3 > 0, in which G001 and G011 are directional shear moduli and B is the bulk modulus. Thus, NaCl-structure VN is elastically stable at room temperature. Structural phase transitions in epitaxial stoichiometric

Lattice architecture effect on the cooperativity of spin transition coordination polymers

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Chiruta, Daniel [Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science and Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology Laboratory (AMNOL), Ştefan cel Mare University, Suceava 720229 (Romania); GEMaC, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, CNRS-UVSQ (UMR 8635), 78035 Versailles Cedex (France); LISV, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, 78140 Velizy (France); Jureschi, Catalin-Maricel; Rotaru, Aurelian, E-mail: jorge.linares@uvsq.fr, E-mail: rotaru@eed.usv.ro [Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science and Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology Laboratory (AMNOL), Ştefan cel Mare University, Suceava 720229 (Romania); Linares, Jorge, E-mail: jorge.linares@uvsq.fr, E-mail: rotaru@eed.usv.ro [GEMaC, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, CNRS-UVSQ (UMR 8635), 78035 Versailles Cedex (France); Garcia, Yann [Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Molecules, Solids and Reactivity (IMCN/MOST), Université Catholique de Louvain, Place L. Pasteur, 1, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve (Belgium)

2014-02-07

We have investigated in the framework of the Ising-like model, by means of Monte Carlo Metropolis method with open boundary condition, the architecture effect on the cooperativity of spin transition coordination polymers. We have analyzed the influence of several physical parameters (size, pressure, and edge effects) on different lattice architectures which were in good agreement with reported experimental data. We show that the cooperativity of a spin crossover system, characterized by the same number of molecules and the same short- and long-range interaction parameters, is progressively enhanced when going from a 1D chain to a 1D ladder type lattice and to a 2D square lattice.

Chiral phase from three-spin interactions in an optical lattice

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

D'Cruz, Christian; Pachos, Jiannis K.

2005-01-01

A spin-1/2 chain model that includes three-spin interactions can effectively describe the dynamics of two species of bosons trapped in an optical lattice with a triangular-ladder configuration. A perturbative theoretical approach and numerical study of its ground state is performed that reveals a rich variety of phases and criticalities. We identify phases with periodicity one, two, or three, as well as critical points that belong in the same universality class as the Ising or the three-state Potts model. We establish a range of parameters, corresponding to a large degeneracy present between phases with period 2 and 3, that nests a gapless incommensurate chiral phase

Renormalization of spin excitations in hexagonal HoMnO3 by magnon-phonon coupling

Science.gov (United States)

Kim, Taehun; Leiner, Jonathan C.; Park, Kisoo; Oh, Joosung; Sim, Hasung; Iida, Kazuki; Kamazawa, Kazuya; Park, Je-Geun

2018-05-01

Hexagonal HoMnO3, a two-dimensional Heisenberg antiferromagnet, has been studied via inelastic neutron scattering. A simple Heisenberg model with a single-ion anisotropy describes most features of the spin-wave dispersion curves. However, there is shown to be a renormalization of the magnon energies located at around 11 meV. Since both the magnon-magnon interaction and magnon-phonon coupling can affect the renormalization in a noncollinear magnet, we have accounted for both of these couplings by using a Heisenberg XXZ model with 1 /S expansions [1] and the Einstein site phonon model [13], respectively. This quantitative analysis leads to the conclusion that the renormalization effect primarily originates from the magnon-phonon coupling, while the spontaneous magnon decay due to the magnon-magnon interaction is suppressed by strong two-ion anisotropy.

Nonlinear phononics and structural control of strongly correlated materials

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Mankowsky, Roman

2016-01-20

Mid-infrared light pulses can be used to resonantly excite infrared-active vibrational modes for the phase control of strongly correlated materials on subpicosecond timescales. As the energy is transferred directly into atomic motions, dissipation into the electronic system is reduced, allowing for the emergence of unusual low energy collective properties. Light-induced superconductivity, insulator-metal transitions and melting of magnetic order demonstrate the potential of this method. An understanding of the mechanism, by which these transitions are driven, is however missing. The aim of this work is to uncover this process by investigating the nonlinear lattice dynamics induced by the excitation and to elucidate their contribution to the modulation of collective properties of strongly correlated materials. The first signature of nonlinear lattice dynamics was reported in the observation of coherent phonon oscillations, resonant with the excitation of an infrared-active phonon mode in a manganite. This nonlinear phononic coupling can be described within a model, which predicts not only oscillatory coherent phonons dynamics but also directional atomic displacements along the coupled modes on average, which could cause the previously observed transitions. We verified this directional response and quantified the anharmonic coupling constant by tracing the atomic motions in a time-resolved hard X-ray diffraction experiment with sub-picometer spatial and femtosecond temporal resolution. In a subsequent study, we investigated the role of nonlinear lattice dynamics in the emergence of superconductivity far above the equilibrium transition temperature, an intriguing effect found to follow lattice excitation of YBa{sub 2}Cu{sub 3}O{sub 6+x}. By combining density functional theory (DFT) calculations of the anharmonic coupling constants with time-resolved X-ray diffraction experiments, we identified a structural rearrangement, which appears and decays with the same temporal

All optical detection of picosecond spin-wave dynamics in 2D annular antidot lattice

Science.gov (United States)

Porwal, Nikita; Mondal, Sucheta; Choudhury, Samiran; De, Anulekha; Sinha, Jaivardhan; Barman, Anjan; Datta, Prasanta Kumar

2018-02-01

Novel magnetic structures with precisely controlled dimensions and shapes at the nanoscale have potential applications in spin logic, spintronics and other spin-based communication devices. We report the fabrication of 2D bi-structure magnonic crystal in the form of embedded nanodots in a periodic Ni80Fe20 antidot lattice structure (annular antidot) by focused ion-beam lithography. The spin-wave spectra of the annular antidot sample, studied for the first time by a time-resolved magneto-optic Kerr effect microscopy show a remarkable variation with bias field, which is important for the above device applications. The optically induced spin-wave spectra show multiple modes in the frequency range 14.7 GHz-3.5 GHz due to collective interactions between the dots and antidots as well as the annular elements within the whole array. Numerical simulations qualitatively reproduce the experimental results, and simulated mode profiles reveal the spatial distribution of the spin-wave modes and internal magnetic fields responsible for these observations. It is observed that the internal field strength increases by about 200 Oe inside each dot embedded within the hole of annular antidot lattice as compared to pure antidot lattice and pure dot lattice. The stray field for the annular antidot lattice is found to be significant (0.8 kOe) as opposed to the negligible values of the same for the pure dot lattice and pure antidot lattice. Our findings open up new possibilities for development of novel artificial crystals.

One dimensional polaron effects and current inhomogeneities in sequential phonon emission

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hellman, E.S.; Harris, J.S.; Hanna, C.; Laughlin, R.B.

1985-07-01

We have constructed a physical model to explain the tunneling current oscillations reported by Hickmott et al., for GaAs/AlGaAs heterostructures in high magnetic fields. We propose that the periodic structure observed is due to space charge which builds up in the undepleted layer when electrons enter it with energy just below the phonon emission threshold. Such electrons interact with the lattice to form polarons whose energy is pinned to the phonon energy, and thus has a very small group velocity. The polaron effect is strongly enhanced by the confinement of the electrons by the strong magnetic field. We infer from the current-voltage data that most of the tunneling current flows through a small area of the sample. The combined model gives reasonable quantitative agreement with experiment. 6 refs., 6 figs.

One dimensional polaron effects and current inhomogeneities in sequential phonon emission

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hellman, E.S.; Harris, J.S.; Hanna, C.; Laughlin, R.B.

1985-07-01

We have constructed a physical model to explain the tunneling current oscillations reported by Hickmott et al., for GaAs/AlGaAs heterostructures in high magnetic fields. We propose that the periodic structure observed is due to space charge which builds up in the undepleted layer when electrons enter it with energy just below the phonon emission threshold. Such electrons interact with the lattice to form polarons whose energy is pinned to the phonon energy, and thus has a very small group velocity. The polaron effect is strongly enhanced by the confinement of the electrons by the strong magnetic field. We infer from the current-voltage data that most of the tunneling current flows through a small area of the sample. The combined model gives reasonable quantitative agreement with experiment. 6 refs., 6 figs

Theory of spin and lattice wave dynamics excited by focused laser pulses

Science.gov (United States)

Shen, Ka; Bauer, Gerrit E. W.

2018-06-01

We develop a theory of spin wave dynamics excited by ultrafast focused laser pulses in a magnetic film. We take into account both the volume and surface spin wave modes in the presence of applied, dipolar and magnetic anisotropy fields and include the dependence on laser spot exposure size and magnetic damping. We show that the sound waves generated by local heating by an ultrafast focused laser pulse can excite a wide spectrum of spin waves (on top of a dominant magnon–phonon contribution). Good agreement with recent experiments supports the validity of the model.

Single reference Coupled Cluster treatment of nearly degenerate problems: Cohesive energy of antiferromagnetic lattices of spin 1 centers

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Malrieu, Jean-Paul

2012-01-01

Lattices of antiferromagnetically coupled spins, ruled by Heisenberg Hamiltonians, are intrinsically highly degenerate systems. The present work tries to estimate the ground state energy of regular bipartite spin lattices of S = 1 sites from a single reference Coupled Cluster expansion starting from a Néel function, taken as reference. The simultaneous changes of spin momentum on adjacent sites play the role of the double excitations in molecular electronic problems. Propagation of the spin changes plays the same role as the triple excitations. The treatment takes care of the deviation of multiple excitation energies from additivity. Specific difficulties appear for 1D chains, which are not due to a near degeneracy between the reference and the vectors which directly interact with it but to the complexity of the processes which lead to the low energy configurations where a consistent reversed-Néel domain is created inside the Néel starting spin wave. Despite these difficulties a reasonable value of the cohesive energy is obtained.

Single reference Coupled Cluster treatment of nearly degenerate problems: Cohesive energy of antiferromagnetic lattices of spin 1 centers

Science.gov (United States)

Malrieu, Jean-Paul

2012-06-01

Lattices of antiferromagnetically coupled spins, ruled by Heisenberg Hamiltonians, are intrinsically highly degenerate systems. The present work tries to estimate the ground state energy of regular bipartite spin lattices of S = 1 sites from a single reference Coupled Cluster expansion starting from a Néel function, taken as reference. The simultaneous changes of spin momentum on adjacent sites play the role of the double excitations in molecular electronic problems. Propagation of the spin changes plays the same role as the triple excitations. The treatment takes care of the deviation of multiple excitation energies from additivity. Specific difficulties appear for 1D chains, which are not due to a near degeneracy between the reference and the vectors which directly interact with it but to the complexity of the processes which lead to the low energy configurations where a consistent reversed-Néel domain is created inside the Néel starting spin wave. Despite these difficulties a reasonable value of the cohesive energy is obtained.

Ab initio phonon dispersions of face centered cubic Pb: effects of spin-orbit coupling

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Dal Corso, Andrea

2008-01-01

I present the ab initio phonon dispersions of face centered cubic Pb calculated within the framework of density functional perturbation theory, with plane waves and a fully relativistic ultrasoft pseudopotential which includes spin-orbit coupling effects. I find that, within the local density approximation, the theory gives phonon frequencies close to the experimental inelastic neutron scattering data. Many of the anomalies present in these dispersions are well reproduced by the fully relativistic pseudopotential theory and can be shown to appear only for small values of the smearing parameter that controls the sharpness of the Fermi surface.

Field-induced negative differential spin lifetime in silicon.

Science.gov (United States)

Li, Jing; Qing, Lan; Dery, Hanan; Appelbaum, Ian

2012-04-13

We show that the electric-field-induced thermal asymmetry between the electron and lattice systems in pure silicon substantially impacts the identity of the dominant spin relaxation mechanism. Comparison of empirical results from long-distance spin transport devices with detailed Monte Carlo simulations confirms a strong spin depolarization beyond what is expected from the standard Elliott-Yafet theory even at low temperatures. The enhanced spin-flip mechanism is attributed to phonon emission processes during which electrons are scattered between conduction band valleys that reside on different crystal axes. This leads to anomalous behavior, where (beyond a critical field) reduction of the transit time between spin-injector and spin-detector is accompanied by a counterintuitive reduction in spin polarization and an apparent negative spin lifetime.

Quantum Phase Transition in a Cold Atomic Spin-Boson Mixture

Science.gov (United States)

Orth, Peter P.; Stanic, Ivan; Le Hur, Karyn

2008-03-01

We theoretically implement a spin array in a tunable bosonic environment using cold bosonic atoms with two (hyperfine) ground states, trapped by different potentials [1]. The first specie lies in a deep optical lattice with tightly confining wells and forms a spin array; spin-up/down corresponds to occupation by one/no atom at each site. The second specie forms a superfluid reservoir. Different species are coupled coherently via laser transitions and collisions. Whereas the laser coupling mimics a transverse field for the spins, the coupling to the reservoir phonons (sound modes) induces a ferromagnetic (Ising) coupling as well as dissipation. This results in a peculiar ferro-paramagnetic quantum phase transition where the effect of dissipation can be studied in a controllable manner. [1] Peter P. Orth, Ivan Stanic, and Karyn Le Hur, arXiv:0711.2309 [cond-mat.other].

Correlation between phonon anomaly along [211] and the Fermi surface nesting features with associated electron-phonon interactions in Ni2FeGa: A first principles study

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Chabungbam, Satyananda; Sahariah, Munima B.

2015-01-01

First principles calculation reaffirms the presence of phonon anomaly along [211] direction in Ni 2 FeGa shape memory alloy supporting the experimental findings of J. Q. Li et al. Fermi surface scans have been performed in both austenite and martensite phase to see the possible Fermi nesting features in this alloy. The magnitude of observed Fermi surface nesting vectors in (211) plane exactly match the phonon anomaly wavevectors along [211] direction. Electron-phonon calculation in the austenite phase shows that there is significant electron-phonon coupling in this alloy which might arise out of the lattice coupling between lower acoustic modes and higher optical modes combined with the observed strong Fermi nesting features in the system. - Highlights: • Transverse acoustic (TA 2 ) modes show anomaly along [211] direction in Ni 2 FeGa. • The phonon anomaly wavevector has been correlated with the Fermi nesting vectors. • Electron-phonon coupling calculation shows significant coupling in this system. • Max. el-ph coupling occurs in transition frequencies from acoustic to optical modes

Spin-1 and -2 bilayer Bethe lattice: A Monte Carlo study

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Masrour, R.; Jabar, A.; Benyoussef, A.; Hamedoun, M.

2016-01-01

The magnetic behaviors of bilayer with spin-1 and 2 Ising model on the Bethe lattice are investigated using the Monte Carlo simulations. The thermal magnetizations, the magnetic susceptibilities and the transition temperature of the bilayer spin-1 and 2 on the Bethe lattice are studied for different values of crystal field and intralayer coupling constants of the two layers and interlayer coupling constant between the layers. The thermal and magnetic hysteresis cycles are given for different values of the crystal field, for different temperatures and for different exchange interactions. - Highlights: • The magnetic properties of bilayer on the Bethe lattice have been investigated. • The transition temperature has been deduced. • The magnetic coercive filed has been established.

Spin-1 and -2 bilayer Bethe lattice: A Monte Carlo study

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Masrour, R., E-mail: rachidmasrour@hotmail.com [Laboratory of Materials, Processes, Environment and Quality, Cady Ayyed University, National School of Applied Sciences, 63 46000 Safi (Morocco); Laboratoire de Magnétisme et Physique des Hautes Energies L.M.P.H.E.URAC 12, Université Mohammed V, Faculté des Sciences, B.P. 1014 Rabat (Morocco); Jabar, A. [Laboratoire de Magnétisme et Physique des Hautes Energies L.M.P.H.E.URAC 12, Université Mohammed V, Faculté des Sciences, B.P. 1014 Rabat (Morocco); Benyoussef, A. [Laboratoire de Magnétisme et Physique des Hautes Energies L.M.P.H.E.URAC 12, Université Mohammed V, Faculté des Sciences, B.P. 1014 Rabat (Morocco); Institute of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnologies, MAScIR, Rabat (Morocco); Hassan II Academy of Science and Technology, Rabat (Morocco); Hamedoun, M. [Institute of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnologies, MAScIR, Rabat (Morocco)

2016-03-01

The magnetic behaviors of bilayer with spin-1 and 2 Ising model on the Bethe lattice are investigated using the Monte Carlo simulations. The thermal magnetizations, the magnetic susceptibilities and the transition temperature of the bilayer spin-1 and 2 on the Bethe lattice are studied for different values of crystal field and intralayer coupling constants of the two layers and interlayer coupling constant between the layers. The thermal and magnetic hysteresis cycles are given for different values of the crystal field, for different temperatures and for different exchange interactions. - Highlights: • The magnetic properties of bilayer on the Bethe lattice have been investigated. • The transition temperature has been deduced. • The magnetic coercive filed has been established.

Role of rare-earth ionic radii on the spin-phonon coupling in multiferroic ordered double perovskites

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Macedo Filho, R.B.; Barbosa, D.A.B.; Reichlová, Helena; Martí, Xavier; de Menezes, A.S.; Ayala, A.P.; Paschoal, C.W.A.

2015-01-01

Roč. 7, č. 2 (2015), 075201 ISSN 2053-1591 Institutional support: RVO:68378271 Keywords : double perovskites * spin-phonon coupling * multiferroics Subject RIV: BM - Solid Matter Physics ; Magnetism Impact factor: 0.968, year: 2015

Tunable spin-orbit coupling for ultracold atoms in two-dimensional optical lattices

Science.gov (United States)

Grusdt, Fabian; Li, Tracy; Bloch, Immanuel; Demler, Eugene

2017-06-01

Spin-orbit coupling (SOC) is at the heart of many exotic band structures and can give rise to many-body states with topological order. Here we present a general scheme based on a combination of microwave driving and lattice shaking for the realization of two-dimensional SOC with ultracold atoms in systems with inversion symmetry. We show that the strengths of Rashba and Dresselhaus SOC can be independently tuned in a spin-dependent square lattice. More generally, our method can be used to open gaps between different spin states without breaking time-reversal symmetry. We demonstrate that this allows for the realization of topological insulators with nontrivial spin textures closely related to the Kane-Mele model.

Theory of unidirectional spin heat conveyer

Science.gov (United States)

Adachi, Hiroto; Maekawa, Sadamichi

2015-05-01

We theoretically investigate the unidirectional spin heat conveyer effect recently reported in the literature that emerges from the Damon-Eshbach spin wave on the surface of a magnetic material. We develop a simple phenomenological theory for heat transfer dynamics in a coupled system of phonons and the Damon-Eshbach spin wave, and demonstrate that there arises a direction-selective heat flow as a result of the competition between an isotropic heat diffusion by phonons and a unidirectional heat drift by the spin wave. The phenomenological approach can account for the asymmetric local temperature distribution observed in the experiment.

Free-energy analysis of spin models on hyperbolic lattice geometries.

Science.gov (United States)

Serina, Marcel; Genzor, Jozef; Lee, Yoju; Gendiar, Andrej

2016-04-01

We investigate relations between spatial properties of the free energy and the radius of Gaussian curvature of the underlying curved lattice geometries. For this purpose we derive recurrence relations for the analysis of the free energy normalized per lattice site of various multistate spin models in the thermal equilibrium on distinct non-Euclidean surface lattices of the infinite sizes. Whereas the free energy is calculated numerically by means of the corner transfer matrix renormalization group algorithm, the radius of curvature has an analytic expression. Two tasks are considered in this work. First, we search for such a lattice geometry, which minimizes the free energy per site. We conjecture that the only Euclidean flat geometry results in the minimal free energy per site regardless of the spin model. Second, the relations among the free energy, the radius of curvature, and the phase transition temperatures are analyzed. We found out that both the free energy and the phase transition temperature inherit the structure of the lattice geometry and asymptotically approach the profile of the Gaussian radius of curvature. This achievement opens new perspectives in the AdS-CFT correspondence theories.

A many-body analysis of NMR in spin-1/2 system

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Roy, G.K.; Sinha, S.K.

1977-01-01

The NMR absorption in a spin-1/2 system at finite temperature has been analysed by using the linear response theory and calculating the finite-temperature retarted spin Green's function. In this calculations, the Drone-Fermion representation for the spin operators has been used. A model spin-lattice interaction which is linear in phonon and Fermion operators has been considered, and its effect on a mutually non-interacting spin system has been calculated using the diagrammatic expansions technique. It is found that the complete summing up of a particular class of diagrams yields the Lorentzian shape of the resonance line. (author)

Phonon dispersion curves of fcc La

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Stassis, C.; Loong, C.; Zarestky, J.

1982-01-01

Large single crystals of fcc La were grown in situ and were used to study the lattice dynamics of this phase of La by coherent inelastic neutron scattering. The phonon dispersion curves have been measured along the [xi00], [xixi0], [xixixi], and [0xi1] symmetry directions at 660 and 1100 K. The T[xixixi] branch exhibits anomalous dispersion for xi>0.25 and, in addition, close to the zone boundary, the phonon frequencies of this branch decrease with decreasing temperature. This soft-mode behavior may be related to the #betta→α# transformation in La, an assumption supported by recent band-theoretical calculations of the generalized susceptibility of fcc La. At X the frequencies of the L[xi00] branch are considerably lower than those of the corresponding branch of #betta#-Ce; a similar but not as pronounced effect is observed for the frequencies of the L[xixixi] branch close to the point L. Since the calculated generalized susceptibility of fcc La exhibits strong peaks at X and L, these anomalies may be due to the renormalization of the phonon frequencies by virtual fbold-arrow-left-rightd transitions to the unoccupied 4f level in La. The data were used to evaluate the elastic constants, the phonon density of states, and the lattice specific heat at constant pressure C/sub P//sup

Spin Chern number and topological phase transition on the Lieb lattice with spin–orbit coupling

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Chen, Rui; Zhou, Bin

2017-01-01

We propose that quantum anomalous Hall effect may occur in the Lieb lattice, when Rashba spin–orbit coupling, spin-independent and spin-dependent staggered potentials are introduced into the lattice. It is found that spin Chern numbers of two degenerate flat bands change from 0 to ±2 due to Rashba spin–orbit coupling effect. The inclusion of Rashba spin–orbit coupling and two kinds of staggered potentials opens a gap between the two flat bands. The topological property of the gap is determined by the amplitudes of Rashba spin–orbit coupling and staggered potentials, and thus the topological phase transition from quantum anomalous Hall effect to normal insulator can occur. Finally, the topological phase transition from quantum spin Hall state to normal insulator is discussed when Rashba spin–orbit coupling and intrinsic spin–orbit coupling coexist in the Lieb lattice. - Highlights: • Spin Chern numbers of the bulk states on the Lieb lattice are calculated. • RSOC plays an important role on the topological phase transition on the Lieb lattice. • Quantum anomalous Hall effect can occur due to RSOC and staggered potentials. • Topological phase transition can occur when ISOC and RSOC coexist.

Phonon, magnon and electron contributions to low temperature ...

Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

method to estimate the specific heat contributions of phonons and magnons. .... Dstiff (or D) is the spin stiffness, which is a linear combination of the exchange .... relevant as it is a direct measurement of fundamental pro- perty of metallic ...

Phononic band gap design in honeycomb lattice with combinations of auxetic and conventional core

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Mukherjee, Sushovan; Gopalakrishnan, S; Fabrizio Scarpa

2016-01-01

We present a novel design of a honeycomb lattice geometry that uses a seamless combination of conventional and auxetic cores, i.e. elements showing positive and negative Poisson’s ratio. The design is aimed at tuning and improving the band structure of periodic cellular structures. The proposed cellular configurations show a significantly wide band gap at much lower frequencies compared to their pure counterparts, while still retaining their major dynamic features. Different topologies involving both auxetic inclusions in a conventional lattice and conversely hexagonal cellular inclusions in auxetic butterfly lattices are presented. For all these cases the impact of the varying degree of auxeticity on the band structure is evaluated. The proposed cellular designs may offer significant advantages in tuning high-frequency bandgap behaviour, which is relevant to phononics applications. The configurations shown in this paper may be made iso-volumetric and iso-weight to a given regular hexagonal topology, making possible to adapt the hybrid lattices to existing sandwich structures with fixed dimensions and weights. This work also features a comparative study of the wave speeds corresponding to different configurations vis-a vis those of a regular honeycomb to highlight the superior behaviour of the combined hybrid lattice. (paper)

Effective field renormalization group approach for Ising lattice spin systems

Science.gov (United States)

Fittipaldi, Ivon P.

1994-03-01

A new applicable real-space renormalization group framework (EFRG) for computing the critical properties of Ising lattice spin systems is presented. The method, which follows up the same strategy of the mean-field renormalization group scheme (MFRG), is based on rigorous Ising spin identities and utilizes a convenient differential operator expansion technique. Within this scheme, in contrast with the usual mean-field type of equation of state, all the relevant self-spin correlations are taken exactly into account. The results for the critical coupling and the critical exponent v, for the correlation length, are very satisfactory and it is shown that this technique leads to rather accurate results which represent a remarkable improvement on those obtained from the standard MFRG method. In particular, it is shown that the present EFRG approach correctly distinguishes the geometry of the lattice structure even when employing its simplest size-cluster version. Owing to its simplicity we also comment on the wide applicability of the present method to problems in crystalline and disordered Ising spin systems.

Observation of chiral phonons

KAUST Repository

Zhu, Hanyu; Yi, Jun; Li, Ming-yang; Xiao, Jun; Zhang, Lifa; Yang, Chih-Wen; Kaindl, Robert A.; Li, Lain-Jong; Wang, Yuan; Zhang, Xiang

2018-01-01

Chirality reveals symmetry breaking of the fundamental interaction of elementary particles. In condensed matter, for example, the chirality of electrons governs many unconventional transport phenomena such as the quantum Hall effect. Here we show that phonons can exhibit intrinsic chirality in monolayer tungsten diselenide. The broken inversion symmetry of the lattice lifts the degeneracy of clockwise and counterclockwise phonon modes at the corners of the Brillouin zone. We identified the phonons by the intervalley transfer of holes through hole-phonon interactions during the indirect infrared absorption, and we confirmed their chirality by the infrared circular dichroism arising from pseudoangular momentum conservation. The chiral phonons are important for electron-phonon coupling in solids, phonon-driven topological states, and energy-efficient information processing.

Observation of chiral phonons

KAUST Repository

Zhu, Hanyu

2018-02-01

Chirality reveals symmetry breaking of the fundamental interaction of elementary particles. In condensed matter, for example, the chirality of electrons governs many unconventional transport phenomena such as the quantum Hall effect. Here we show that phonons can exhibit intrinsic chirality in monolayer tungsten diselenide. The broken inversion symmetry of the lattice lifts the degeneracy of clockwise and counterclockwise phonon modes at the corners of the Brillouin zone. We identified the phonons by the intervalley transfer of holes through hole-phonon interactions during the indirect infrared absorption, and we confirmed their chirality by the infrared circular dichroism arising from pseudoangular momentum conservation. The chiral phonons are important for electron-phonon coupling in solids, phonon-driven topological states, and energy-efficient information processing.

Expectation-based approach for one-dimensional randomly disordered phononic crystals

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wu, Feng; Gao, Qiang; Xu, Xiaoming; Zhong, Wanxie

2014-01-01

An expectation-based approach to the statistical theorem is proposed for the one-dimensional randomly disordered phononic crystal. In the proposed approach, the expectations of the random eigenstates of randomly disordered phononic crystals are investigated. In terms of the expectations of the random eigenstates, the wave propagation and localization phenomenon in the random phononic crystal could be understood in a statistical perspective. Using the proposed approach, it is proved that for a randomly disordered phononic crystal, the Bloch theorem holds in the perspective of expectation. A one-dimensional randomly disordered binary phononic crystal consisting of two materials with the random geometry size or random physical parameter is addressed by using the proposed approach. From the result, it can be observed that with the increase of the disorder degree, the localization of the expectations of the eigenstates is strengthened. The effect of the random disorder on the eigenstates at higher frequencies is more significant than that at lower frequencies. Furthermore, after introducing the random disorder into phononic crystals, some random divergent eigenstates are changed to localized eigenstates in expectation sense.

Mixed spin-3/2 and spin-5/2 Ising system on the Bethe lattice

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Albayrak, Erhan; Yigit, Ali

2006-01-01

In order to study the critical behaviors of the half-integer mixed spin-3/2 and spin-5/2 Blume-Capel Ising ferrimagnetic system, we have used the exact recursion relations on the Bethe lattice. The system was studied for the coordination numbers with q=3, 4, 5 and 6, and the obtained phase diagrams are illustrated on the (kT c /|J|,D A /|J|) plane for constant values of D B /|J|, the reduced crystal field of the sublattice with spin-5/2, and on the (kT c /|J|,D B /|J|) plane for constant values of D A /|J|, the reduced crystal field of the sublattice with spin-3/2, for q=3 only, since the cases corresponding to q=4, 5 and 6 reproduce results similar to the case for q=3. In addition we have also presented the phase diagram with equal strengths of the crystal fields for q=3, 4, 5 and 6. Besides the second- and first-order phase transitions, the system also exhibits compensation temperatures for appropriate values of the crystal fields. In this mixed spin system while the second-order phase transition lines never cut the reduced crystal field axes as in the single spin type spin-3/2 and spin-5/2 Ising models separately, the first-order phase transition lines never connect to the second-order phase transition lines and they end at the critical points, therefore the system does not give any tricritical points. In addition to this, this mixed-spin model exhibits one or two compensation temperatures depending on the values of the crystal fields, as a result the compensation temperature lines show reentrant behavior

Magnon heat capacity and magnetic susceptibility of the spin Lieb lattice

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Yarmohammadi, Mohsen, E-mail: m.yarmohammadi69@gamil.com

2016-11-01

Using linear response theory, Heisenberg model Hamiltonian and Green's function technique, the influences of Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction (DMI), external magnetic field and next-nearest-neighbor (NNN) coupling on the density of magnon modes (DMM), the magnetic susceptibility (MS) and the magnon heat capacity (MHC) of a spin Lieb lattice, a face-centered square lattice, are investigated. The results reveal a band gap in the DMM and we witness an extension in the bandwidth and an increase in the number of van-Hove singularities as well. As a notable point, besides the magnetic nature which includes ferromagnetism in spin Lieb-based nanosystems, MS is investigated. Further, we report a Schottky anomaly in the MHC. The results show that the effects of the magnetic field on the MHC and MS have different behaviors in two temperature regions. In the low temperature region, MHC and MS increase when the magnetic field strength increases. On the other hand, the MHC and MS reduce with increasing the magnetic field strength in the high temperature region. Also comprehensive numerical modelling of the DMM, the MS and the MHC of a spin Lieb lattice yields excellent qualitative agreement with the experimental data. - Highlights: • Theoretical calculation of density of states of the spin Lieb lattice. • The investigation of the effect of external magnetic field on the magnon heat capacity and magnetic susceptibility. • The investigation of the effect of NNN coupling and the DMI strength on the magnon heat capacity and magnetic susceptibility.

Concentration dependence of fluorine impurity spin-lattice relaxation rate in bone mineral

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Code, R.F.; Armstrong, R.L.; Cheng, P.-T.

1992-01-01

The concentration dependence of the fluoride ion spin-lattice relaxation rate has been observed by nuclear magnetic resonance experiments on samples of defatted and dried bone. The 19 F spin-lattice relaxation rates increased linearly with bone fluoride concentration. Different results were obtained from trabecular than from cortical bone. For the same macroscopic fluoride content per gram of bone calcium, relaxation rate is significantly faster in cortical bone. Relaxation rates in cortical bone samples prepared from rats and dogs were apparently controlled by the same species-independent processes. For samples from beagle dogs, bulk fluoride concentrations measured by neutron activation analysis were 3.1±0.3 times greater in trabecular bone than in corresponding cortical bone. The beagle spin-lattice relaxation data suggest that microscopic fluoride concentrations in bone mineral were 1.8±0.4 times greater in trabecular bone than in cortical bone. It is concluded that accumulation of fluoride impurities in bone mineral is non-uniform. (author)

Mechanisms of relaxation and spin decoherence in nanomagnets

Science.gov (United States)

van Tol, Johan

Relaxation in spin systems is of great interest with respect to various possible applications like quantum information processing and storage, spintronics, and dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP). The implementation of high frequencies and fields is crucial in the study of systems with large zero-field splitting or large interactions, as for example molecular magnets and low dimensional magnetic materials. Here we will focus on the implementation of pulsed Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (ERP) at multiple frequencies of 10, 95, 120, 240, and 336 GHz, and the relaxation and decoherence processes as a function of magnetic field and temperature. Firstly, at higher frequencies the direct single-phonon spin-lattice relaxation (SLR) is considerably enhanced, and will more often than not be the dominant relaxation mechanism at low temperatures, and can be much faster than at lower fields and frequencies. In principle the measurement of the SLR rates as a function of the frequency provides a means to map the phonon density of states. Secondly, the high electron spin polarization at high fields has a strong influence on the spin fluctuations in relatively concentrated spin systems, and the contribution of the electron-electron dipolar interactions to the coherence rate can be partially quenched at low temperatures. This not only allows the study of relatively concentrated spin systems by pulsed EPR (as for example magnetic nanoparticles and molecular magnets), it enables the separation of the contribution of the fluctuations of the electron spin system from other decoherence mechanisms. Besides choice of temperature and field, several strategies in sample design, pulse sequences, or clock transitions can be employed to extend the coherence time in nanomagnets. A review will be given of the decoherence mechanisms with an attempt at a quantitative comparison of experimental rates with theory.

Transverse acoustic phonon anomalies at intermediate wave vectors in MgV2O4

Science.gov (United States)

Weber, T.; Roessli, B.; Stock, C.; Keller, T.; Schmalzl, K.; Bourdarot, F.; Georgii, R.; Ewings, R. A.; Perry, R. S.; Böni, P.

2017-11-01

Magnetic spinels (with chemical formula A X2O4 , with X a 3 d transition metal ion) that also have an orbital degeneracy are Jahn-Teller active and hence possess a coupling between spin and lattice degrees of freedom. At high temperatures, MgV2O4 is a cubic spinel based on V3 + ions with a spin S =1 and a triply degenerate orbital ground state. A structural transition occurs at TOO=63 K to an orbitally ordered phase with a tetragonal unit cell followed by an antiferromagnetic transition of TN=42 K on cooling. We apply neutron spectroscopy in single crystals of MgV2O4 to show an anomaly for intermediate wave vectors at TOO associated with the acoustic phonon sensitive to the shear elastic modulus (C11-C12)/2 . On warming, the shear mode softens for momentum transfers near close to half the Brillouin zone boundary, but recovers near the zone center. High resolution spin-echo measurements further illustrate a temporal broadening with increased temperature over this intermediate range of wave vectors, indicative of a reduction in phonon lifetime. A subtle shift in phonon frequencies over the same range of momentum transfers is observed with magnetic fields. We discuss this acoustic anomaly in context of coupling to orbital and charge fluctuations.

Diamond family of colloidal supercrystals as phononic metamaterials

Science.gov (United States)

Aryana, Kiumars; Zanjani, Mehdi B.

2018-05-01

Colloidal crystals provide a versatile platform for designing phononic metamaterials with exciting applications for sound and heat management. New advances in the synthesis and self-assembly of anisotropic building blocks such as colloidal clusters have expanded the library of available micro- and nano-scale ordered multicomponent structures. Diamond-like supercrystals formed by such clusters and spherical particles are notable examples that include a rich family of crystal symmetries such as diamond, double diamond, zinc-blende, and MgCu2. This work investigates the design of phononic supercrystals by predicting and analyzing phonon transport properties. In addition to size variation and structural diversity, these supercrystals encapsulate different sub-lattice types within one structure. Computational models are used to calculate the effect of various parameters on the phononic spectrum of diamond-like supercrystals. The results show that structures with relatively small or large filling factors (f > 0.65 or f f > 0.45). The double diamond and zinc-blende structures render the largest bandgap size compared to the other supercrystals studied in this paper. Additionally, this article discusses the effect of incorporating various configurations of sub-lattices by selecting different material compositions for the building blocks. The results suggest that, for the same structure, there exist multiple phononic variants with drastically different band structures. This study provides a valuable insight for evaluating novel colloidal supercrystals for phononic applications and guides the future experimental work for the synthesis of colloidal structures with desired phononic behavior.

A study of phonon anisotropic scattering effect on silicon thermal conductivity at nanoscale

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bong, Victor N-S; Wong, Basil T.

2015-01-01

Previous studies have shown that anisotropy in phonon transport exist because of the difference in phonon dispersion relation due to different lattice direction, as observed by a difference in in-plane and cross-plane thermal conductivity. The directional preference (such as forward or backward scattering) in phonon propagation however, remains a relatively unexplored frontier. Our current work adopts a simple scattering probability in radiative transfer, which is called Henyey and Greenstein probability density function, and incorporates it into the phonon Monte Carlo simulation to investigate the effect of directional scattering in phonon transport. In this work, the effect of applying the anisotropy scattering is discussed, as well as its impact on the simulated thermal conductivity of silicon thin films. While the forward and backward scattering will increase and decrease thermal conductivity respectively, the extent of the effect is non-linear such that forward scattering has a more obvious effect than backward scattering

A study of phonon anisotropic scattering effect on silicon thermal conductivity at nanoscale

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bong, Victor N-S; Wong, Basil T. [Swinburne Sarawak Research Centre for Sustainable Technologies, Faculty of Engineering, Computing & Science, Swinburne University of Technology Sarawak Campus, 93350 Kuching, Sarawak (Malaysia)

2015-08-28

Previous studies have shown that anisotropy in phonon transport exist because of the difference in phonon dispersion relation due to different lattice direction, as observed by a difference in in-plane and cross-plane thermal conductivity. The directional preference (such as forward or backward scattering) in phonon propagation however, remains a relatively unexplored frontier. Our current work adopts a simple scattering probability in radiative transfer, which is called Henyey and Greenstein probability density function, and incorporates it into the phonon Monte Carlo simulation to investigate the effect of directional scattering in phonon transport. In this work, the effect of applying the anisotropy scattering is discussed, as well as its impact on the simulated thermal conductivity of silicon thin films. While the forward and backward scattering will increase and decrease thermal conductivity respectively, the extent of the effect is non-linear such that forward scattering has a more obvious effect than backward scattering.

A holographic perspective on phonons and pseudo-phonons

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Amoretti, Andrea [Institute of Theoretical Physics and Astrophysics, University of Würzburg,97074 Würzburg (Germany); Physique Théorique et Mathématique and International Solvay Institutes,Université Libre de Bruxelles,C.P. 231, 1050 Brussels (Belgium); Areán, Daniel [Max-Planck-Institut für Physik (Werner-Heisenberg-Institut),Föhringer Ring 6, D-80805, Munich (Germany); Argurio, Riccardo [Physique Théorique et Mathématique and International Solvay Institutes,Université Libre de Bruxelles,C.P. 231, 1050 Brussels (Belgium); Musso, Daniele [Departamento de Física de Partículas, Universidade de Santiago de Compostelaand Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE),E-15782, Santiago de Compostela (Spain); Zayas, Leopoldo A. Pando [Michigan Center for Theoretical Physics, Department of Physics, University of Michigan,Ann Arbor, MI 48109 (United States)

2017-05-10

We analyze the concomitant spontaneous breaking of translation and conformal symmetries by introducing in a CFT a complex scalar operator that acquires a spatially dependent expectation value. The model, inspired by the holographic Q-lattice, provides a privileged setup to study the emergence of phonons from a spontaneous translational symmetry breaking in a conformal field theory and offers valuable hints for the treatment of phonons in QFT at large. We first analyze the Ward identity structure by means of standard QFT techniques, considering both spontaneous and explicit symmetry breaking. Next, by implementing holographic renormalization, we show that the same set of Ward identities holds in the holographic Q-lattice. Eventually, relying on the holographic and QFT results, we study the correlators realizing the symmetry breaking pattern and how they encode information about the low-energy spectrum.

Systematic construction of spin liquids on the square lattice from tensor networks with SU(2) symmetry

Science.gov (United States)

Mambrini, Matthieu; Orús, Román; Poilblanc, Didier

2016-11-01

We elaborate a simple classification scheme of all rank-5 SU(2) spin rotational symmetric tensors according to (i) the onsite physical spin S , (ii) the local Hilbert space V⊗4 of the four virtual (composite) spins attached to each site, and (iii) the irreducible representations of the C4 v point group of the square lattice. We apply our scheme to draw a complete list of all SU(2)-symmetric translationally and rotationally invariant projected entangled pair states (PEPS) with bond dimension D ≤6 . All known SU(2)-symmetric PEPS on the square lattice are recovered and simple generalizations are provided in some cases. More generally, to each of our symmetry class can be associated a (D -1 )-dimensional manifold of spin liquids (potentially) preserving lattice symmetries and defined in terms of D -independent tensors of a given bond dimension D . In addition, generic (low-dimensional) families of PEPS explicitly breaking either (i) particular point-group lattice symmetries (lattice nematics) or (ii) time-reversal symmetry (chiral spin liquids) or (iii) SU(2) spin rotation symmetry down to U(1 ) (spin nematics or Néel antiferromagnets) can also be constructed. We apply this framework to search for new topological chiral spin liquids characterized by well-defined chiral edge modes, as revealed by their entanglement spectrum. In particular, we show how the symmetrization of a double-layer PEPS leads to a chiral topological state with a gapless edge described by a SU (2) 2 Wess-Zumino-Witten model.

Phonon spectra in the parent superconducting iron-tuned telluride F e1 +xTe from inelastic neutron scattering and ab initio calculations

Science.gov (United States)

Zbiri, Mohamed; Viennois, Romain

2017-10-01

We report inelastic neutron scattering measurements of phonon spectra in the parent superconductor iron-tuned chalcogenide F e1 +xTe for two different x contents (x ≤0.11 ) using neutron time-of-flight technique. Thermal neutron spectroscopy allowed the collection of the low-temperature Stokes spectra over an extended Q range at 2, 40, and 120 K, hence covering both the magnetic monoclinic and the paramagnetic tetragonal phases, whereas cold neutrons allowed the measurement of high-resolution anti-Stokes spectra at 140, 220, and 300 K, thus covering the tetragonal phase. Our results evidence a spin-phonon coupling behavior towards the observed noticeable temperature-dependent change of the Stokes spectra across the transition temperatures. On the other hand, the anti-Stokes spectra reveal a pronounced hardening of the low-energy, acoustic region of the phonon spectrum upon heating, indicating a strong anharmonicity and a subtle dependence of phonons on structural evolution within the tetragonal phase. Experimental results are accompanied by ab initio calculations of phonon spectra of the tetragonal stoichiometric phase for a comparison with the high-resolution anti-Stokes spectra. Calculations included different density functional methods. Spin polarization and van der Waals interaction were either considered or neglected, individually or concomitantly, in order to study their respective effect on lattice dynamics description. Our results suggest that including van der Waals interaction has only a slight effect on phonon dynamics; however, phonon spectra are better described when spin polarization is included in a cooperative way with van der Waals interactions.

Waveguiding in supported phononic crystal plates

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Vasseur, J; Hladky-Hennion, A-C; Deymier, P; Djafari-Rouhani, B; Duval, F; Dubus, B; Pennec, Y

2007-01-01

We investigate, with the help of the finite element method, the existence of absolute band gaps in the band structure of a free-standing phononic crystal plate and of a phononic crystal slab deposited on a substrate. The two-dimensional phononic crystal is constituted by a square array of holes drilled in an active piezoelectric (PZT5A or AlN) matrix. For both matrix materials, an absolute band gap occurs in the band structure of the free-standing plate provided the thickness of the plate is on the order of magnitude of the lattice parameter. When the plate is deposited on a Si substrate, the absolute band gap still remains when the matrix of the phononic crystal is made of PZT5A. The AlN phononic crystal plate losses its gap when supported by the Si substrate. In the case of the PZT5A matrix, we also study the possibility of localized modes associated with a linear defect created by removing one row of air holes in the deposited phononic crystal plate

Spin dynamics in a molecular ferrimagnetic ring, [Mn(hfac)2NITPh]6

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Itou, T.; Funahashi, S.; Oyamada, A.; Maegawa, S.; Fujita, K.; Amezawa, K.; Yamaguchi, R.

2007-01-01

We studied the spin dynamics of a ferrimagnetic ring [Mn(hfac) 2 NITPh] 6 with an S=12 ground state by means of H-NMR1 experiments under several fields. The spin-lattice relaxation rate increases monotonically with increasing temperature. This monotonous behavior is not reproduced by the calculation based on the lifetimes of eigenstates caused by the spin-phonon interaction. The relaxation rate is possibly caused by the dispersion resulting from the interaction between the clusters, which is far smaller than the interaction in the cluster but comparable to the nuclear Zeeman energy

Why QCD lattice theory is important to spin physicists

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Rebbi, C.

1982-01-01

The lattice formulation of a quantum field theory allows calculations in the regime of strong coupling, by expansion techniques, and for intermediate coupling, by Monte Carlo simulations. These computations are especially valuable in the case of Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD), where several of the most important problems are not amenable to a perturbative analysis. Monte carlo simulations, in particular, have recently emerged as a very powerful tool and have been used to evaluate a variety of important physical quantities, such as the string tension, the deconfinement temperature, the scale of the interquark potential, glueball masses and masses in the quark model spectrum. If we consider those problems of strong interactions where spin plays an important role, it is unlikely, for the moment at least, that the lattice formulation may be of relevance where the phenomena being investigated involve propagations over extended domains of space-time; thus, for instance, it is impossible to perform a meaningful simulation of a scattering experiment on the lattice. But we are at the stage where Monte Carlo calculations begin to provide relevant information on spectroscopic properties related to spin. These are briefly discussed

Lattice dynamics of silver and gold on Krebs's model

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bertolo, L.A.; Shukla, M.M.

1975-01-01

Phonon dispersion relations along the principal symmetry directions of gold and silver have been calculated for phonons propagating at room temperature. The calculated curves are compared with the recent experimental findings. Also calculated are the lattice heat capacities of these metals at absolute zero temperature. Computed(theta - T) curves of them show good agreements with experimental results. The effect of various forms of the dielectric screening functions on the calculated phonon spectrum of gold and silver has also been investigated

Temperature dependent magnon-phonon coupling in bcc Fe from theory and experiment.

Science.gov (United States)

Körmann, F; Grabowski, B; Dutta, B; Hickel, T; Mauger, L; Fultz, B; Neugebauer, J

2014-10-17

An ab initio based framework for quantitatively assessing the phonon contribution due to magnon-phonon interactions and lattice expansion is developed. The theoretical results for bcc Fe are in very good agreement with high-quality phonon frequency measurements. For some phonon branches, the magnon-phonon interaction is an order of magnitude larger than the phonon shift due to lattice expansion, demonstrating the strong impact of magnetic short-range order even significantly above the Curie temperature. The framework closes the previous simulation gap between the ferro- and paramagnetic limits.

Unified treatment of coupled optical and acoustic phonons in piezoelectric cubic materials

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Willatzen, Morten; Wang, Zhong Lin

2015-01-01

A unified treatment of coupled optical and acoustic phonons in piezoelectric cubic materials is presented whereby the lattice displacement vector and the internal ionic displacement vector are found simultaneously. It is shown that phonon couplings exist in pairs only; either between the electric...... piezoelectricity in a cubic structured material slab. First, it is shown that isolated optical phonon modes generally cannot exist in piezoelectric cubic slabs. Second, we prove that confined acousto-optical phonon modes only exist for a discrete set of in-plane wave numbers in piezoelectric cubic slabs. Third...... potential and the lattice displacement coordinate perpendicular to the phonon wave vector or between the two other lattice displacement components. The former leads to coupled acousto-optical phonons by virtue of the piezoelectric effect. We then establish three new conjectures that entirely stem from...

Direct measurement of magnon temperature: new insight into magnon-phonon coupling in magnetic insulators.

Science.gov (United States)

Agrawal, M; Vasyuchka, V I; Serga, A A; Karenowska, A D; Melkov, G A; Hillebrands, B

2013-09-06

We present spatially resolved measurements of the magnon temperature in a magnetic insulator subject to a thermal gradient. Our data reveal an unexpectedly close correspondence between the spatial dependencies of the exchange magnon and phonon temperatures. These results indicate that if--as is currently thought--the transverse spin Seebeck effect is caused by a temperature difference between the magnon and phonon baths, it must be the case that the magnon temperature is spectrally nonuniform and that the effect is driven by the sparsely populated dipolar region of the magnon spectrum.

Analysis of the crystal lattice instability for cage–cluster systems using the superatom model

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Serebrennikov, D. A., E-mail: dserebrennikov@innopark.kantiana.ru, E-mail: dimafania@mail.ru; Clementyev, E. S. [I. Kant Baltic Federal University, “Functional Nanomaterials” Scientific–Educational Center (Russian Federation); Alekseev, P. A. [“Kurchatov Institute” National Research Center (Russian Federation)

2016-09-15

We have investigated the lattice dynamics for a number of rare-earth hexaborides based on the superatom model within which the boron octahedron is substituted by one superatom with a mass equal to the mass of six boron atoms. Phenomenological models have been constructed for the acoustic and lowenergy optical phonon modes in RB{sub 6} (R = La, Gd, Tb, Dy) compounds. Using DyB{sub 6} as an example, we have studied the anomalous softening of longitudinal acoustic phonons in several crystallographic directions, an effect that is also typical of GdB{sub 6} and TbB{sub 6}. The softening of the acoustic branches is shown to be achieved through the introduction of negative interatomic force constants between rare-earth ions. We discuss the structural instability of hexaborides based on 4f elements, the role of valence instability in the lattice dynamics, and the influence of the number of f electrons on the degree of softening of phonon modes.

Enhanced optical spin current injection in the hexagonal lattice with intrinsic and Rashba spin–orbit interactions

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Zou, Jianfei, E-mail: zoujianfei@hhu.edu.cn; Tang, Chunmei; Zhang, Aimei

2017-04-04

We study the photo-induced spin current injection in a hexagonal lattice with both intrinsic and Rashba spin–orbit interactions which is irradiated by a polarized light beam. It is found that the spin current injection rate could be enhanced as the graphene lattice is in the topological insulator state. Furthermore, the spin current injection rate could be remarkably modulated by the degree of polarization of light and its frequency. - Highlights: • The optical spin current could be enhanced by the intrinsic spin–orbit interaction. • The optical spin current could be modulated by the degree of polarization of light. • The maximum of the spin current injection rate is obtained.

An NMR thermometer for cryogenic magic-angle spinning NMR: The spin-lattice relaxation of 127I in cesium iodide

Science.gov (United States)

Sarkar, Riddhiman; Concistrè, Maria; Johannessen, Ole G.; Beckett, Peter; Denning, Mark; Carravetta, Marina; al-Mosawi, Maitham; Beduz, Carlo; Yang, Yifeng; Levitt, Malcolm H.

2011-10-01

The accurate temperature measurement of solid samples under magic-angle spinning (MAS) is difficult in the cryogenic regime. It has been demonstrated by Thurber et al. (J. Magn. Reson., 196 (2009) 84-87) [10] that the temperature dependent spin-lattice relaxation time constant of 79Br in KBr powder can be useful for measuring sample temperature under MAS over a wide temperature range (20-296 K). However the value of T1 exceeds 3 min at temperatures below 20 K, which is inconveniently long. In this communication, we show that the spin-lattice relaxation time constant of 127I in CsI powder can be used to accurately measure sample temperature under MAS within a reasonable experimental time down to 10 K.

Magnon Polarons in the Spin Seebeck Effect.

Science.gov (United States)

Kikkawa, Takashi; Shen, Ka; Flebus, Benedetta; Duine, Rembert A; Uchida, Ken-Ichi; Qiu, Zhiyong; Bauer, Gerrit E W; Saitoh, Eiji

2016-11-11

Sharp structures in the magnetic field-dependent spin Seebeck effect (SSE) voltages of Pt/Y_{3}Fe_{5}O_{12} at low temperatures are attributed to the magnon-phonon interaction. Experimental results are well reproduced by a Boltzmann theory that includes magnetoelastic coupling. The SSE anomalies coincide with magnetic fields tuned to the threshold of magnon-polaron formation. The effect gives insight into the relative quality of the lattice and magnetization dynamics.

Lattice dynamics and electronic properties of superconducting Nbsub(x)Vsub(1-x)N compounds

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Geibel, C.; Rietschel, H.; Pelizzone, M.; Junod, A.; Muller, J.

1982-01-01

The Nbsub(x)Vsub(1-x)N-system presents a pronounced minimum in Tsub(c) at the composition Nbsub(0.5)Vsub(0.5)N. We investigated the structural, the electronic properties and the lattice dynamics of these compounds to study whether this minimum is induced by structural defects, a decrease of the electron-phonon-coupling or by spin fluctuations. (orig.)

Phonons in a one-dimensional Yukawa chain: Dusty plasma experiment and model

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Liu Bin; Goree, J.

2005-01-01

Phonons in a one-dimensional chain of charged microspheres suspended in a plasma were studied in an experiment. The phonons correspond to random particle motion in the chain; no external manipulation was applied to excite the phonons. Two modes were observed, longitudinal and transverse. The velocity fluctuations in the experiment are analyzed using current autocorrelation functions and a phonon spectrum. The phonon energy was found to be unequally partitioned among phonon modes in the dusty plasma experiment. The experimental phonon spectrum was characterized by a dispersion relation that was found to differ from the dispersion relation for externally excited phonons. This difference is attributed to the presence of frictional damping due to gas, which affects the propagation of externally excited phonons differently from phonons that correspond to random particle motion. A model is developed and fit to the experiment to explain the features of the autocorrelation function, phonon spectrum, and the dispersion relation

Phase transitions and spin excitations of spin-1 bosons in optical lattice

Science.gov (United States)

Zhu, Min-Jie; Zhao, Bo

2018-03-01

For spin-1 bosonic system trapped in optical lattice, we investigate two main problems, including MI-SF phase transition and magnetic phase separations in MI phase, with extended standard basis operator (SBO) method. For both ferromagnetic (U2 0) systems, we analytically figure out the symmetry properties in Mott-insulator and superfluid phases, which would provide a deeper insight into the MI-SF phase transition process. Then by applying self-consistent approach to the method, we include the effect of quantum and thermal fluctuations and derive the MI-SF transition phase diagram, which is in quantitative agreement with recent Monte-Carlo simulation at zero temperature, and at finite temperature, we find the underestimation of finite-temperature-effect in the mean-field approximation method. If we further consider the spin excitations in the insulating states of spin-1 system in external field, distinct spin phases are expected. Therefore, in the Mott lobes with n = 1 and n = 2 atoms per site, we give analytical and numerical boundaries of the singlet, nematic, partially magnetic and ferromagnetic phases in the magnetic phase diagrams.

One-phonon scattering of ultra cold neutrons in copper

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Holas, A.

1977-01-01

Experiments with ultra cold neutrons (UCN) showed that their lifetime in a closed vessel is much smaller than expected. In order to explain this phenomenon, many different mechanisms leading to heating of UCN were proposed, among other things one-phonon coherent inelastic scattering (with phonon absorption). This paper shows quantitatively the contribution of this process to the total heating of UCN

The Kadanoff lower-bound variational renormalization group applied to an SU(2) lattice spin model

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Thorleifsson, G.; Damgaard, P.H.

1990-07-01

We apply the variational lower-bound Renormalization Group transformation of Kadanoff to an SU(2) lattice spin model in 2 and 3 dimensions. Even in the one-hypercube framework of this renormalization group transformation the present model is characterised by having an infinite basis of fundamental operators. We investigate whether the lower-bound variational renormalization group transformation yields results stable under truncations of this operator basis. Our results show that for this particular spin model this is not the case. (orig.)

Dirac and Chiral Quantum Spin Liquids on the Honeycomb Lattice in a Magnetic Field.

Science.gov (United States)

Liu, Zheng-Xin; Normand, B

2018-05-04

Motivated by recent experimental observations in α-RuCl_{3}, we study the K-Γ model on the honeycomb lattice in an external magnetic field. By a slave-particle representation and variational Monte Carlo calculations, we reproduce the phase transition from zigzag magnetic order to a field-induced disordered phase. The nature of this state depends crucially on the field orientation. For particular field directions in the honeycomb plane, we find a gapless Dirac spin liquid, in agreement with recent experiments on α-RuCl_{3}. For a range of out-of-plane fields, we predict the existence of a Kalmeyer-Laughlin-type chiral spin liquid, which would show an integer-quantized thermal Hall effect.

Dirac and Chiral Quantum Spin Liquids on the Honeycomb Lattice in a Magnetic Field

Science.gov (United States)

Liu, Zheng-Xin; Normand, B.

2018-05-01

Motivated by recent experimental observations in α -RuCl3 , we study the K -Γ model on the honeycomb lattice in an external magnetic field. By a slave-particle representation and variational Monte Carlo calculations, we reproduce the phase transition from zigzag magnetic order to a field-induced disordered phase. The nature of this state depends crucially on the field orientation. For particular field directions in the honeycomb plane, we find a gapless Dirac spin liquid, in agreement with recent experiments on α -RuCl3 . For a range of out-of-plane fields, we predict the existence of a Kalmeyer-Laughlin-type chiral spin liquid, which would show an integer-quantized thermal Hall effect.

Search for the non-canonical Ising spin glass on rewired square lattices

Science.gov (United States)

Surungan, Tasrief

2018-03-01

A spin glass (SG) of non-canonical type is a purely antiferromagnetic (AF) system, exemplified by the AF Ising model on a scale free network (SFN), studied by Bartolozzi et al. [ Phys. Rev. B73, 224419 (2006)]. Frustration in this new type of SG is rendered by topological factor and its randomness is caused by random connectivity. As an SFN corresponds to a large dimensional lattice, finding non-canonical SG in lattice with physical dimension is desireable. However, a regular lattice can not have random connectivity. In order to obtain lattices with random connection and preserving the notion of finite dimension, we costructed rewired lattices. We added some extra bonds randomly connecting each site of a regular lattice to its next-nearest neighbors. Very recently, Surungan et al., studied AF Heisenberg system on rewired square lattice and found no SG behavior [AIP Conf. Proc. 1719, 030006 (2016)]. Due to the importance of discrete symmetry for phase transition, here we study similar structure for the Ising model (Z 2 symmetry). We used Monte Carlo simulation with Replica Exchange algorithm. Two types of structures were studied, firstly, the rewired square lattices with one extra bonds added to each site, and secondly, two bonds added to each site. We calculated the Edwards-Anderson paremeter, the commonly used parameter in searching for SG phase. The non-canonical SG is clearly observed in the rewired square lattice with two extra bonds added.

Phonon-assisted relaxation and decoherence of singlet-triplet qubits in Si/SiGe quantum dots

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Viktoriia Kornich

2018-05-01

Full Text Available We study theoretically the phonon-induced relaxation and decoherence of spin states of two electrons in a lateral double quantum dot in a SiGe/Si/SiGe heterostructure. We consider two types of singlet-triplet spin qubits and calculate their relaxation and decoherence times, in particular as a function of level hybridization, temperature, magnetic field, spin orbit interaction, and detuning between the quantum dots, using Bloch-Redfield theory. We show that the magnetic field gradient, which is usually applied to operate the spin qubit, may reduce the relaxation time by more than an order of magnitude. Using this insight, we identify an optimal regime where the magnetic field gradient does not affect the relaxation time significantly, and we propose regimes of longest decay times. We take into account the effects of one-phonon and two-phonon processes and suggest how our theory can be tested experimentally. The spin lifetimes we find here for Si-based quantum dots are significantly longer than the ones reported for their GaAs counterparts.

Designing Kitaev Spin Liquids in Metal-Organic Frameworks

Science.gov (United States)

Yamada, Masahiko G.; Fujita, Hiroyuki; Oshikawa, Masaki

2017-08-01

Kitaev's honeycomb lattice spin model is a remarkable exactly solvable model, which has a particular type of spin liquid (Kitaev spin liquid) as the ground state. Although its possible realization in iridates and α -RuCl3 has been vigorously discussed recently, these materials have substantial non-Kitaev direct exchange interactions and do not have a spin liquid ground state. We propose metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) with Ru3 + (or Os3 + ), forming the honeycomb lattice as promising candidates for a more ideal realization of Kitaev-type spin models, where the direct exchange interaction is strongly suppressed. The great flexibility of MOFs allows generalization to other three-dimensional lattices for the potential realization of a variety of spin liquids, such as a Weyl spin liquid.

Locking of electron spin coherence above 20 ms in natural silicon carbide

Science.gov (United States)

Simin, D.; Kraus, H.; Sperlich, A.; Ohshima, T.; Astakhov, G. V.; Dyakonov, V.

2017-04-01

We demonstrate that silicon carbide (SiC) with a natural isotope abundance can preserve a coherent spin superposition in silicon vacancies over an unexpectedly long time exceeding 20 ms. The spin-locked subspace with a drastically reduced decoherence rate is attained through the suppression of heteronuclear spin crosstalking by applying a moderate magnetic field in combination with dynamic decoupling from the nuclear spin baths. Furthermore, we identify several phonon-assisted mechanisms of spin-lattice relaxation and find that it can be extremely long at cryogenic temperatures, equal to or even longer than 10 s. Our approach may be extended to other polyatomic compounds and opens a path towards improved qubit memory for wafer-scale quantum technologies.

Electron-phonon coupling in the rare-earth metals

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Skriver, Hans Lomholt; Mertig, I.

1990-01-01

-phonon parameters were calculated within the Gaspari-Gyorffy formulation. For the heavier rare earths Gd–Tm spin polarization was included both in the band-structure calculations and in the treatment of the electron-phonon coupling to take into account the spin splitting of the conduction electrons induced by the 4...

Influence of electron-phonon interaction on soliton mediated spin-charge conversion effects in two-component polymer model

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sergeenkov, S.; Moraes, F.; Furtado, C.; Araujo-Moreira, F.M.

2010-01-01

By mapping a Hubbard-like model describing a two-component polymer in the presence of strong enough electron-phonon interactions (κ) onto the system of two coupled nonlinear Schroedinger equations with U(2) symmetry group, some nontrivial correlations between topological solitons mediated charge Q and spin S degrees of freedom are obtained. Namely, in addition to a charge fractionalization and reentrant like behavior of both Q(κ) and S(κ), the model also predicts a decrease of soliton velocity with κ as well as spin-charge conversion effects which manifest themselves through an explicit S(Q,Ω) dependence (with Ω being a mixing angle between spin-up and spin-down electron amplitudes). A possibility to observe the predicted effects in low-dimensional systems with charge and spin soliton carriers is discussed.

The spin relaxation of nitrogen donors in 6H SiC crystals as studied by the electron spin echo method

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Savchenko, D., E-mail: dariyasavchenko@gmail.com [Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 182 21 (Czech Republic); National Technical University of Ukraine “Kyiv Polytechnic Institute,” Kyiv 03056 (Ukraine); Shanina, B.; Kalabukhova, E. [V.E. Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, NASU, Kyiv 03028 (Ukraine); Pöppl, A. [Institute of Experimental Physics II, Leipzig University, Leipzig D-04103 (Germany); Lančok, J. [Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 182 21 (Czech Republic); Mokhov, E. [A.F. Ioffe Physical Technical Institute, RAS, St. Petersburg 194021 (Russian Federation); Saint-Petersburg National Research University of Information Technologies, Mechanics and Optics, St. Petersburg 19710 (Russian Federation)

2016-04-07

We present the detailed study of the spin kinetics of the nitrogen (N) donor electrons in 6H SiC wafers grown by the Lely method and by the sublimation “sandwich method” (SSM) with a donor concentration of about 10{sup 17 }cm{sup −3} at T = 10–40 K. The donor electrons of the N donors substituting quasi-cubic “k1” and “k2” sites (N{sub k1,k2}) in both types of the samples revealed the similar temperature dependence of the spin-lattice relaxation rate (T{sub 1}{sup −1}), which was described by the direct one-phonon and two-phonon processes induced by the acoustic phonons proportional to T and to T{sup 9}, respectively. The character of the temperature dependence of the T{sub 1}{sup −1} for the donor electrons of N substituting hexagonal (“h”) site (N{sub h}) in both types of 6H SiC samples indicates that the donor electrons relax through the fast-relaxing centers by means of the cross-relaxation process. The observed enhancement of the phase memory relaxation rate (T{sub m}{sup −1}) with the temperature increase for the N{sub h} donors in both types of the samples, as well as for the N{sub k1,k2} donors in Lely grown 6H SiC, was explained by the growth of the free electron concentration with the temperature increase and their exchange scattering at the N donor centers. The observed significant shortening of the phase memory relaxation time T{sub m} for the N{sub k1,k2} donors in the SSM grown sample with the temperature lowering is caused by hopping motion of the electrons between the occupied and unoccupied states of the N donors at N{sub h} and N{sub k1,k2} sites. The impact of the N donor pairs, triads, distant donor pairs formed in n-type 6H SiC wafers on the spin relaxation times was discussed.

Scattering of phonons by dislocations

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Anderson, A.C.

1979-01-01

By 1950, an explicit effort had been launched to use lattice thermal conductivity measurements in the investigation of defect structures in solids. This technique has been highly successful, especially when combined with the measurements of other properties such as optical absorption. One exception has been the study of dislocations. Although dislocations have a profound effect on the phonon thermal conductivity, the mechanisms of the phonon-dislocation interaction are poorly understood. The most basic questions are still debated in the literature. It therefore is pointless to attempt a quantitative comparison between an extensive accumulation of experimental data on the one hand, and the numerous theoretical models on the other. Instead, this chapter will attempt to glean a few qualitative conclusions from the existing experimental data. These results will then be compared with two general models which incorporate, in a qualitative manner, most of the proposed theories of the phonon-dislocation interaction. Until very recently, measurement of thermal conductivity was the only means available to probe the interaction between phonons and defects at phonon frequencies above the standard ultrasonic range of approx. = 10 9 Hz. The introductory paragraphs provide a brief review of the thermal-conductivity technique and the problems which are encountered in practice. There is also a brief presentation of the theoretical models and the complications that may occur in more realistic situations

Angle-resolved spin wave band diagrams of square antidot lattices studied by Brillouin light scattering

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Gubbiotti, G.; Tacchi, S. [Istituto Officina dei Materiali del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IOM-CNR), Sede di Perugia, c/o Dipartimento di Fisica e Geologia, Via A. Pascoli, I-06123 Perugia (Italy); Montoncello, F.; Giovannini, L. [Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Ferrara, Via G. Saragat 1, I-44122 Ferrara (Italy); Madami, M.; Carlotti, G. [Dipartimento di Fisica e Geologia, Università di Perugia, Via A. Pascoli, I-06123 Perugia (Italy); Ding, J.; Adeyeye, A. O. [Information Storage Materials Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576 (Singapore)

2015-06-29

The Brillouin light scattering technique has been exploited to study the angle-resolved spin wave band diagrams of squared Permalloy antidot lattice. Frequency dispersion of spin waves has been measured for a set of fixed wave vector magnitudes, while varying the wave vector in-plane orientation with respect to the applied magnetic field. The magnonic band gap between the two most dispersive modes exhibits a minimum value at an angular position, which exclusively depends on the product between the selected wave vector magnitude and the lattice constant of the array. The experimental data are in very good agreement with predictions obtained by dynamical matrix method calculations. The presented results are relevant for magnonic devices where the antidot lattice, acting as a diffraction grating, is exploited to achieve multidirectional spin wave emission.

Two-Magnon Raman Scattering and Pseudospin-Lattice Interactions in Sr_{2}IrO_{4} and Sr_{3}Ir_{2}O_{7}.

Science.gov (United States)

Gretarsson, H; Sung, N H; Höppner, M; Kim, B J; Keimer, B; Le Tacon, M

2016-04-01

We have used Raman scattering to investigate the magnetic excitations and lattice dynamics in the prototypical spin-orbit Mott insulators Sr_{2}IrO_{4} and Sr_{3}Ir_{2}O_{7}. Both compounds exhibit pronounced two-magnon Raman scattering features with different energies, line shapes, and temperature dependencies, which in part reflect the different influence of long-range frustrating exchange interactions. Additionally, we find strong Fano asymmetries in the line shapes of low-energy phonon modes in both compounds, which disappear upon cooling below the antiferromagnetic ordering temperatures. These unusual phonon anomalies indicate that the spin-orbit coupling in Mott-insulating iridates is not sufficiently strong to quench the orbital dynamics in the paramagnetic state.

Multiple topological phases in phononic crystals

KAUST Repository

Chen, Zeguo; Wu, Ying

2017-01-01

We report a new topological phononic crystal in a ring-waveguide acoustic system. In the previous reports on topological phononic crystals, there are two types of topological phases: quantum Hall phase and quantum spin Hall phase. A key point in achieving quantum Hall insulator is to break the time-reversal (TR) symmetry, and for quantum spin Hall insulator, the construction of pseudo-spin is necessary. We build such pseudo-spin states under particular crystalline symmetry (C-6v) and then break the degeneracy of the pseudo-spin states by introducing airflow to the ring. We study the topology evolution by changing both the geometric parameters of the unit cell and the strength of the applied airflow. We find that the system exhibits three phases: quantum spin Hall phase, conventional insulator phase and a new quantum anomalous Hall phase.

Multiple topological phases in phononic crystals

KAUST Repository

Chen, Zeguo

2017-11-20

We report a new topological phononic crystal in a ring-waveguide acoustic system. In the previous reports on topological phononic crystals, there are two types of topological phases: quantum Hall phase and quantum spin Hall phase. A key point in achieving quantum Hall insulator is to break the time-reversal (TR) symmetry, and for quantum spin Hall insulator, the construction of pseudo-spin is necessary. We build such pseudo-spin states under particular crystalline symmetry (C-6v) and then break the degeneracy of the pseudo-spin states by introducing airflow to the ring. We study the topology evolution by changing both the geometric parameters of the unit cell and the strength of the applied airflow. We find that the system exhibits three phases: quantum spin Hall phase, conventional insulator phase and a new quantum anomalous Hall phase.

Electron-phonon interaction in the binary superconductor lutetium carbide LuC2 via first-principles calculations

Science.gov (United States)

Dilmi, S.; Saib, S.; Bouarissa, N.

2018-06-01

Structural, electronic, electron-phonon coupling and superconducting properties of the intermetallic compound LuC2 are investigated by means of ab initio pseudopotential plane wave method within the generalized gradient approximation. The calculated equilibrium lattice parameters yielded a very good accord with experiment. There is no imaginary phonon frequency in the whole Brillouin zone supporting thus the dynamical stability in the material of interest. The average electron-phonon coupling parameter is found to be 0.59 indicating thus a weak-coupling BCS superconductor. Using a reasonable value of μ* = 0.12 for the effective Coulomb repulsion parameter, the superconducting critical temperature Tc is found to be 3.324 which is in excellent agreement with the experimental value of 3.33 K. The effect of the spin-orbit coupling on the superconducting properties of the material of interest has been examined and found to be weak.

The directional propagation characteristics of elastic wave in two-dimensional thin plate phononic crystals

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wen Jihong; Yu, Dianlong; Wang Gang; Zhao Honggang; Liu Yaozong; Wen Xisen

2007-01-01

The directional propagation characteristics of elastic wave during pass bands in two-dimensional thin plate phononic crystals are analyzed by using the lumped-mass method to yield the phase constant surface. The directions and regions of wave propagation in phononic crystals for certain frequencies during pass bands are predicted with the iso-frequency contour lines of the phase constant surface, which are then validated with the harmonic responses of a finite two-dimensional thin plate phononic crystals with 16x16 unit cells. These results are useful for controlling the wave propagation in the pass bands of phononic crystals

Emerging bosons with three-body interactions from spin-1 atoms in optical lattices

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Mazza, L.; Rizzi, M.; Cirac, J. I.; Lewenstein, M.

2010-01-01

We study two many-body systems of bosons interacting via an infinite three-body contact repulsion in a lattice: a pairs quasicondensate induced by correlated hopping and the discrete version of the Pfaffian wave function. We propose to experimentally realize systems characterized by such interaction by means of a proper spin-1 lattice Hamiltonian: spin degrees of freedom are locally mapped into occupation numbers of emerging bosons, in a fashion similar to spin-1/2 and hardcore bosons. Such a system can be realized with ultracold spin-1 atoms in a Mott insulator with a filling factor of 1. The high versatility of these setups allows us to engineer spin-hopping operators breaking the SU(2) symmetry, as needed to approximate interesting bosonic Hamiltonians with three-body hardcore constraint. For this purpose we combine bichromatic spin-independent superlattices and Raman transitions to induce a different hopping rate for each spin orientation. Finally, we illustrate how our setup could be used to experimentally realize the first setup, that is, the transition to a pairs quasicondensed phase of the emerging bosons. We also report on a route toward the realization of a discrete bosonic Pfaffian wave function and list some open problems for reaching this goal.

Effect of magnon-phonon interaction on transverse acoustic phonon excitation at finite temperature

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Cheng Taimin; Li Lin; Xianyu Ze

2007-01-01

A magnon-phonon interaction model is developed on the basis of two-dimensional square Heisenberg ferromagnetic system. By using Matsubara Green function theory transverse acoustic phonon excitation is studied and transverse acoustic phonon excitation dispersion curves is calculated on the main symmetric point and line in the first Brillouin zone. On line Σ it is found that there is hardening for transverse acoustic phonon on small wave vector zone (nearby point Γ), there is softening for transverse acoustic phonon on the softening zone and there is hardening for transverse acoustic phonon near point M. On line Δ it is found there is no softening and hardening for transverse acoustic phonon. On line Z it is found that there is softening for transverse acoustic phonon on small wave vector zone (nearby point X) and there is hardening for transverse acoustic phonon nearby point M. The influences of various parameters on transverse acoustic phonon excitation are also explored and it is found that the coupling of the magnon-phonon and the spin wave stiffness constant play an important role for the softening of transverse acoustic phonon

Tunable Quantum Spin Liquidity in the 1 /6 th-Filled Breathing Kagome Lattice

Science.gov (United States)

Akbari-Sharbaf, A.; Sinclair, R.; Verrier, A.; Ziat, D.; Zhou, H. D.; Sun, X. F.; Quilliam, J. A.

2018-06-01

We present measurements on a series of materials, Li2 In1 -xScx Mo3 O8 , that can be described as a 1 /6 th-filled breathing kagome lattice. Substituting Sc for In generates chemical pressure which alters the breathing parameter nonmonotonically. Muon spin rotation experiments show that this chemical pressure tunes the system from antiferromagnetic long range order to a quantum spin liquid phase. A strong correlation with the breathing parameter implies that it is the dominant parameter controlling the level of magnetic frustration, with increased kagome symmetry generating the quantum spin liquid phase. Magnetic susceptibility measurements suggest that this is related to distinct types of charge order induced by changes in lattice symmetry, in line with the theory of Chen et al. [Phys. Rev. B 93, 245134 (2016), 10.1103/PhysRevB.93.245134]. The specific heat for samples at intermediate Sc concentration, which have the minimum breathing parameter, show consistency with the predicted U (1 ) quantum spin liquid.

A study of some temperature effects on the phonons in aluminium by use of cold neutrons

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Larsson, K E; Dahlborg, U; Holmryd, S

1960-04-15

Using the cold neutron scattering technique about 300 phonons have been determined in a single aluminium crystal at room temperature to define 10 pairs of dispersion curves, Investigations have been made of the variation of frequencies, phonon line widths and multi-phonon spectra in the temperature range 293 < T < 932 K. For a particular direction in the crystal lattice it is shown that the frequencies vary about 15 % over this temperature range The line widths are of such a magnitude that the derived phonon mean free paths vary from about 5 phonon wave lengths at 600 K to about 1.5 phonon wave lengths at 930 K. The observed multiphonon spectra are found to agree with calculated differential cross sections in the incoherent approximation.

Phonon dispersion relation in zircon, ZrSiO4 using inelastic neutron scattering at a pulsed neutron source

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Mittal, R.; Chaplot, S.L.; Parthasarathy, R.; Bull, M.J.; Harris, M.J.

2000-01-01

The coherent inelastic neutron scattering technique is used for the measurements of phonon dispersion relation in a geophysically important mineral zircon using PRISMA spectrometer as ISIS, UK. Lattice dynamical calculations of the phonon dispersion relation are carried out using a shell model. The one-phonon structure factors are calculated for selecting the Bragg points for the measurements and assignment of phonons to different branches. The calculations are in good agreement with the measured phonon dispersion relation. (author)

The dilute spin-one Ising model with both bilinear and biquadratic exchange interactions

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Saber, M.

1987-08-01

The influence of bond and site dilution on the two-dimensional spin-one Ising model on a honeycomb lattice is investigated. Temperature-concentration phase diagrams for fixed values of the ratio of bilinear and biquadratic exchange interactions are determined. (author). 7 refs, 3 figs

Spin-echo observation of radio frequency induced flux lattice annealing (RIFLA) in a type-II superconductor

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Clark, W.G.; Hanson, M.E.; Wong, W.H.

1999-01-01

We report the annealing of a strained flux line lattice (FLL) in 10 μm diameter type-II superconducting NbTi filaments by an RF magnetic field at 4.2 K in a magnetic field of 1 T. The strained FLL is prepared by slowly changing the direction of the applied magnetic field. When the RF magnetic field used to generate a 93 Nb NMR spin echo anneals the FLL, there is a corresponding reduction in the amplitude of the spin echo. Starting from an annealed condition, a rotation threshold of 3 mr is needed to produce enough FLL strain to be observed in these measurements. (orig.)

Search for the Heisenberg spin glass on rewired cubic lattices with antiferromagnetic interaction

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Surungan, Tasrief

2016-01-01

Spin glass (SG) is a typical magnetic system which is mainly characterized by a frozen random spin orientation at low temperatures. Frustration and randomness are considered to be the key ingredients for the existence of SGs. Previously, Bartolozzi et al . [Phys. Rev. B73, 224419 (2006)] found that the antiferromagnetic (AF) Ising spins on scale free network (SFN) exhibited SG behavior. This is purely AF system, a new type of SG different from the canonical one which requires the presence of both FM and AF couplings. In this new system, frustration is purely due to a topological factor and its randomness is brought by irregular connectivity. Recently, it was reported that the AF Heisenberg model on SFN exhibited SG behavior [Surungan et al ., JPCS, 640, 012005 (2015)/doi:10.1088/1742-6596/640/1/012005]. In order to accommodate the notion of spatial dimension, we further investigated this type of system by studying an AF Heisenberg model on rewired cubic lattices, constructed by adding one extra bond randomly connecting each spin to one of its next-nearest neighbors. We used Replica Exchange algorithm of Monte Carlo Method and calculated the SG order parameter to search for the existence of SG phase. (paper)

Spin-Related Micro-Photoluminescence in Fe3+ Doped ZnSe Nanoribbons

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Lipeng Hou

2016-12-01

Full Text Available Spin-related emission properties have important applications in the future information technology; however, they involve microscopic ferromagnetic coupling, antiferromagnetic or ferrimagnetic coupling between transition metal ions and excitons, or d state coupling with phonons is not well understood in these diluted magnetic semiconductors (DMS. Fe3+ doped ZnSe nanoribbons, as a DMS example, have been successfully prepared by a thermal evaporation method. Their power-dependent micro-photoluminescence (PL spectra and temperature-dependent PL spectra of a single ZnSe:Fe nanoribbon have been obtained and demonstrated that alio-valence ion doping diminishes the exciton magnetic polaron (EMP effect by introducing exceeded charges. The d-d transition emission peaks of Fe3+ assigned to the 4T2 (G → 6A1 (S transition at 553 nm and 4T1 (G → 6A1 (S transition at 630 nm in the ZnSe lattice have been observed. The emission lifetimes and their temperature dependences have been obtained, which reflected different spin–phonon interactions. There exists a sharp decrease of PL lifetime at about 60 K, which hints at a magnetic phase transition. These spin–spin and spin–phonon interaction related PL phenomena are applicable in the future spin-related photonic nanodevices.

Analysis of Lattice Thermal Conductivity of Si Considering the Effect of Phonon Dispersion on Three-phonon Processes

Science.gov (United States)

He, Ping; Li, Zhijian

2001-03-01

In this work we present the new relaxation time expressions considering the detailed information of the phonon dispersion. For the three-phonon processes, it is found that only limited types of three-phonon processes are allowed to occur and the attenuation of phonon that conduct heat varies roughly with the fifth power of frequency. By using these expressions, the data of thermal conductivity of bulk silicon is well fitted. And further, the data for thin films of single crystal silicon which cannot be well fitted by the widely used model that proposed by Holland is also well fitted using the new expressions for three-phonon processes and parameters got at the previous step.

Nanoscale size dependence parameters on lattice thermal conductivity of Wurtzite GaN nanowires

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Mamand, S.M.; Omar, M.S.; Muhammad, A.J.

2012-01-01

Graphical abstract: Temperature dependence of calculated lattice thermal conductivity of Wurtzite GaN nanowires. Highlights: ► A modified Callaway model is used to calculate lattice thermal conductivity of Wurtzite GaN nanowires. ► A direct method is used to calculate phonon group velocity for these nanowires. ► 3-Gruneisen parameter, surface roughness, and dislocations are successfully investigated. ► Dislocation densities are decreases with the decrease of wires diameter. -- Abstract: A detailed calculation of lattice thermal conductivity of freestanding Wurtzite GaN nanowires with diameter ranging from 97 to 160 nm in the temperature range 2–300 K, was performed using a modified Callaway model. Both longitudinal and transverse modes are taken into account explicitly in the model. A method is used to calculate the Debye and phonon group velocities for different nanowire diameters from their related melting points. Effect of Gruneisen parameter, surface roughness, and dislocations as structure dependent parameters are successfully used to correlate the calculated values of lattice thermal conductivity to that of the experimentally measured curves. It was observed that Gruneisen parameter will decrease with decreasing nanowire diameters. Scattering of phonons is assumed to be by nanowire boundaries, imperfections, dislocations, electrons, and other phonons via both normal and Umklapp processes. Phonon confinement and size effects as well as the role of dislocation in limiting thermal conductivity are investigated. At high temperatures and for dislocation densities greater than 10 14 m −2 the lattice thermal conductivity would be limited by dislocation density, but for dislocation densities less than 10 14 m −2 , lattice thermal conductivity would be independent of that.

Nanoscale size dependence parameters on lattice thermal conductivity of Wurtzite GaN nanowires

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Mamand, S.M., E-mail: soran.mamand@univsul.net [Department of Physics, College of Science, University of Sulaimani, Sulaimanyah, Iraqi Kurdistan (Iraq); Omar, M.S. [Department of Physics, College of Science, University of Salahaddin, Arbil, Iraqi Kurdistan (Iraq); Muhammad, A.J. [Department of Physics, College of Science, University of Kirkuk, Kirkuk (Iraq)

2012-05-15

Graphical abstract: Temperature dependence of calculated lattice thermal conductivity of Wurtzite GaN nanowires. Highlights: Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer A modified Callaway model is used to calculate lattice thermal conductivity of Wurtzite GaN nanowires. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer A direct method is used to calculate phonon group velocity for these nanowires. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer 3-Gruneisen parameter, surface roughness, and dislocations are successfully investigated. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Dislocation densities are decreases with the decrease of wires diameter. -- Abstract: A detailed calculation of lattice thermal conductivity of freestanding Wurtzite GaN nanowires with diameter ranging from 97 to 160 nm in the temperature range 2-300 K, was performed using a modified Callaway model. Both longitudinal and transverse modes are taken into account explicitly in the model. A method is used to calculate the Debye and phonon group velocities for different nanowire diameters from their related melting points. Effect of Gruneisen parameter, surface roughness, and dislocations as structure dependent parameters are successfully used to correlate the calculated values of lattice thermal conductivity to that of the experimentally measured curves. It was observed that Gruneisen parameter will decrease with decreasing nanowire diameters. Scattering of phonons is assumed to be by nanowire boundaries, imperfections, dislocations, electrons, and other phonons via both normal and Umklapp processes. Phonon confinement and size effects as well as the role of dislocation in limiting thermal conductivity are investigated. At high temperatures and for dislocation densities greater than 10{sup 14} m{sup -2} the lattice thermal conductivity would be limited by dislocation density, but for dislocation densities less than 10{sup 14} m{sup -2}, lattice thermal conductivity would be independent of that.

On non local elasticity and its relation with lattice dynamics

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Idiodi, J.O.A.

1984-11-01

In this paper we have modelled a three-dimensional discrete lattice by a nonlocal continuum which possesses dispersive phonons. Previous efforts in the development of non-local theories appear not to have paid much attention to establishing actual contact with the nontrivial models frequently employed in lattice dynamics. As a first attempt in this direction, we present in this paper explicit results for the form of a non-local stress-tensor that describes exactly the lattice dynamical model of Gazis, Herman and Wallis. This model takes into account angular stiffness forces involving consecutive nearest neighbours forming a right angle at equilibrium. In addition, a general result for the surface eigenmodes of a semi-finite isotropic medium is derived. One of the justifications for this kind of study is the simpler approach it offers to the problems of interest in lattice dynamics. (author)

Quantum transport in d -dimensional lattices

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Manzano, Daniel; Chuang, Chern; Cao, Jianshu

2016-01-01

We show that both fermionic and bosonic uniform d -dimensional lattices can be reduced to a set of independent one-dimensional chains. This reduction leads to the expression for ballistic energy fluxes in uniform fermionic and bosonic lattices. By the use of the Jordan–Wigner transformation we can extend our analysis to spin lattices, proving the coexistence of both ballistic and non-ballistic subspaces in any dimension and for any system size. We then relate the nature of transport to the number of excitations in the homogeneous spin lattice, indicating that a single excitation always propagates ballistically and that the non-ballistic behaviour of uniform spin lattices is a consequence of the interaction between different excitations. (paper)

Magnon Spin-Momentum Locking: Various Spin Vortices and Dirac magnons in Noncollinear Antiferromagnets

Science.gov (United States)

Okuma, Nobuyuki

2017-09-01

We generalize the concept of the spin-momentum locking to magnonic systems and derive the formula to calculate the spin expectation value for one-magnon states of general two-body spin Hamiltonians. We give no-go conditions for magnon spin to be independent of momentum. As examples of the magnon spin-momentum locking, we analyze a one-dimensional antiferromagnet with the Néel order and two-dimensional kagome lattice antiferromagnets with the 120° structure. We find that the magnon spin depends on its momentum even when the Hamiltonian has the z -axis spin rotational symmetry, which can be explained in the context of a singular band point or a U (1 ) symmetry breaking. A spin vortex in momentum space generated in a kagome lattice antiferromagnet has the winding number Q =-2 , while the typical one observed in topological insulator surface states is characterized by Q =+1 . A magnonic analogue of the surface states, the Dirac magnon with Q =+1 , is found in another kagome lattice antiferromagnet. We also derive the sum rule for Q by using the Poincaré-Hopf index theorem.

Magnon Spin-Momentum Locking: Various Spin Vortices and Dirac magnons in Noncollinear Antiferromagnets.

Science.gov (United States)

Okuma, Nobuyuki

2017-09-08

We generalize the concept of the spin-momentum locking to magnonic systems and derive the formula to calculate the spin expectation value for one-magnon states of general two-body spin Hamiltonians. We give no-go conditions for magnon spin to be independent of momentum. As examples of the magnon spin-momentum locking, we analyze a one-dimensional antiferromagnet with the Néel order and two-dimensional kagome lattice antiferromagnets with the 120° structure. We find that the magnon spin depends on its momentum even when the Hamiltonian has the z-axis spin rotational symmetry, which can be explained in the context of a singular band point or a U(1) symmetry breaking. A spin vortex in momentum space generated in a kagome lattice antiferromagnet has the winding number Q=-2, while the typical one observed in topological insulator surface states is characterized by Q=+1. A magnonic analogue of the surface states, the Dirac magnon with Q=+1, is found in another kagome lattice antiferromagnet. We also derive the sum rule for Q by using the Poincaré-Hopf index theorem.

Phonon thermal conductance of disordered graphene strips with armchair edges

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Shi Lipeng; Xiong Shijie

2009-01-01

Based on the model of lattice dynamics together with the transfer matrix technique, we investigate the thermal conductances of phonons in quasi-one-dimensional disordered graphene strips with armchair edges using Landauer formalism for thermal transport. It is found that the contributions to thermal conductance from the phonon transport near von Hove singularities is significantly suppressed by the presence of disorder, on the contrary to the effect of disorder on phonon modes in other frequency regions. Besides the magnitude, for different widths of the strips, the thermal conductance also shows different temperature dependence. At low temperatures, the thermal conductance displays quantized features of both pure and disordered graphene strips implying that the transmission of phonon modes at low frequencies are almost unaffected by the disorder

RVB signatures in the spin dynamics of the square-lattice Heisenberg antiferromagnet

Science.gov (United States)

Ghioldi, E. A.; Gonzalez, M. G.; Manuel, L. O.; Trumper, A. E.

2016-03-01

We investigate the spin dynamics of the square-lattice spin-\\frac{1}{2} Heisenberg antiferromagnet by means of an improved mean-field Schwinger boson calculation. By identifying both, the long-range Néel and the RVB-like components of the ground state, we propose an educated guess for the mean-field magnetic excitation consisting on a linear combination of local and bond spin flips to compute the dynamical structure factor. Our main result is that when this magnetic excitation is optimized in such a way that the corresponding sum rule is fulfilled, we recover the low- and high-energy spectral weight features of the experimental spectrum. In particular, the anomalous spectral weight depletion at (π,0) found in recent inelastic neutron scattering experiments can be attributed to the interference of the triplet bond excitations of the RVB component of the ground state. We conclude that the Schwinger boson theory seems to be a good candidate to adequately interpret the dynamic properties of the square-lattice Heisenberg antiferromagnet.

Spin dynamics and quantum tunneling in Fe8 nanomagnet and in AFM rings by NMR

Science.gov (United States)

Baek, Seung-Ho

In this thesis, our main interest has been to investigate the spin dynamics and quantum tunneling in single molecule magnets (SMMs). For this we have selected two different classes of SMMs: a ferromagnetic total high spin S = 10 cluster Fe8 and antiferromagnetic (AFM) ring-type clusters. For Fe8, our efforts have been devoted to the investigation of the quantum tunneling of magnetization in the very low temperature region. The most remarkable experimental finding in Fe8 is that the nuclear spin-lattice relaxation rate (1/T1) at low temperatures takes place via strong collision mechanism, and thus it allows to measure directly the tunneling rate vs. T and H for the first time. For AFM rings, we have shown that 1/T1 probes the thermal fluctuations of the magnetization in the intermediate temperature range. We find that the fluctuations are dominated by a single characteristic frequency which has a power-law T-dependence indicative of fluctuations due to electron-acoustic phonon interactions.

Spin Dynamics and Quantum Tunneling in Fe8 Nanomagnet and in AFM Rings by NMR

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Seung-Ho-Baek

2004-01-01

In this thesis, our main interest has been to investigate the spin dynamics and quantum tunneling in single molecule magnets (SMMs), For this we have selected two different classes of SMMs: a ferrimagnetic total high spin S = 10 cluster Fe8 and antiferromagnetic (AFM) ring-type clusters. For Fe8, our efforts have been devoted to the investigation of the quantum tunneling of magnetization in the very low temperature region. The most remarkable experimental finding in Fe8 is that the nuclear spin-lattice relaxation rate (1/T l ) at low temperatures takes place via strong collision mechanism, and thus it allows to measure directly the tunneling rate vs T and H for the first time. For AFM rings, we have shown that 1/T l probes the thermal fluctuations of the magnetization in the intermediate temperature range. We find that the fluctuations are dominated by a single characteristic frequency which has a power law T-dependence indicative of fluctuations due to electron-acoustic phonon interactions

Thermal conductivity prediction of nanoscale phononic crystal slabs using a hybrid lattice dynamics-continuum mechanics technique

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Charles M. Reinke

2011-12-01

Full Text Available Recent work has demonstrated that nanostructuring of a semiconductor material to form a phononic crystal (PnC can significantly reduce its thermal conductivity. In this paper, we present a classical method that combines atomic-level information with the application of Bloch theory at the continuum level for the prediction of the thermal conductivity of finite-thickness PnCs with unit cells sized in the micron scale. Lattice dynamics calculations are done at the bulk material level, and the plane-wave expansion method is implemented at the macrosale PnC unit cell level. The combination of the lattice dynamics-based and continuum mechanics-based dispersion information is then used in the Callaway-Holland model to calculate the thermal transport properties of the PnC. We demonstrate that this hybrid approach provides both accurate and efficient predictions of the thermal conductivity.

Phononic crystals with one-dimensional defect as sensor materials

Science.gov (United States)

Aly, Arafa H.; Mehaney, Ahmed

2017-09-01

Recently, sensor technology has attracted great attention in many fields due to its importance in many engineering applications. In the present work, we introduce a study using the innovative properties of phononic crystals in enhancing a new type of sensors based on the intensity of transmitted frequencies inside the phononic band gaps. Based on the transfer matrix method and Bloch theory, the expressions of the reflection coefficient and dispersion relation are presented. Firstly, the influences of filling fraction ratio and the angle of incidence on the band gap width are discussed. Secondly, the localization of waves inside band gaps is discussed by enhancing the properties of the defected phononic crystal. Compared to the periodic structure, localization modes involved within the band structure of phononic crystals with one and two defect layers are presented and compared. Trapped localized modes can be detected easily and provide more information about defected structures. Such method could increase the knowledge of manufacturing defects by measuring the intensity of propagated waves in the resonant cavities and waveguides. Moreover, several factors enhance the role of the defect layer on the transmission properties of defected phononic crystals are presented. The acoustic band gap can be used to detect or sense the type of liquids filling the defect layer. The liquids make specific resonant modes through the phononic band gaps that related to the properties of each liquid. The frequency where the maximum resonant modes occur is correlated to material properties and allows to determine several parameters such as the type of an unknown material.

Effective one-band approach for the spin splittings in quantum wells

Science.gov (United States)

Alekseev, P. S.; Nestoklon, M. O.

2017-03-01

The spin-orbit interaction of two-dimensional electrons in quantum wells grown from the III-V semiconductors consists of two parts with different symmetry: the Bychkov-Rashba and the Dresselhaus terms. The last term is usually attributed to the bulk spin-orbit Hamiltonian which reflects the Td symmetry of the zincblende lattice. While it is known that the quantum well interfaces may also contribute to the Dresselhaus term, the exact structure and relative importance of the interface and bulk contributions are not well understood. To deal with this problem, we perform tight-binding calculations of the spin splittings of the electron levels in [100] GaAs/AlGaAs quantum wells. We show that the obtained spin splittings can be adequately described within the one-band electron Hamiltonian containing, together with the bulk contribution, the two interface contributions to the Dresselhaus term. The magnitude of the interface contribution to the spin-orbit interaction for sufficiently narrow quantum wells is of the same order as the bulk contribution.

Analytical evidence for the absence of spin glass transition on self-dual lattices

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ohzeki, Masayuki; Nishimori, Hidetoshi

2009-01-01

We show strong evidence for the absence of a finite-temperature spin glass transition for the random-bond Ising model on self-dual lattices. The analysis is performed by an application of duality relations, which enables us to derive a precise but approximate location of the multicritical point on the Nishimori line. This method can be systematically improved to presumably give the exact result asymptotically. The duality analysis, in conjunction with the relationship between the multicritical point and the spin glass transition point for the symmetric distribution function of randomness, leads to the conclusion of the absence of a finite-temperature spin glass transition for the case of symmetric distribution. The result is applicable to the random-bond Ising model with ±J or Gaussian distribution and the Potts gauge glass on the square, triangular and hexagonal lattices as well as the random three-body Ising model on the triangular and the Union-Jack lattices and the four-dimensional random plaquette gauge model. This conclusion is exact provided that the replica method is valid and the asymptotic limit of the duality analysis yields the exact location of the multicritical point. (fast track communication)

Spin Relaxation and Manipulation in Spin-orbit Qubits

Science.gov (United States)

Borhani, Massoud; Hu, Xuedong

2012-02-01

We derive a generalized form of the Electric Dipole Spin Resonance (EDSR) Hamiltonian in the presence of the spin-orbit interaction for single spins in an elliptic quantum dot (QD) subject to an arbitrary (in both direction and magnitude) applied magnetic field. We predict a nonlinear behavior of the Rabi frequency as a function of the magnetic field for sufficiently large Zeeman energies, and present a microscopic expression for the anisotropic electron g-tensor. Similarly, an EDSR Hamiltonian is devised for two spins confined in a double quantum dot (DQD). Finally, we calculate two-electron-spin relaxation rates due to phonon emission, for both in-plane and perpendicular magnetic fields. Our results have immediate applications to current EDSR experiments on nanowire QDs, g-factor optimization of confined carriers, and spin decay measurements in DQD spin-orbit qubits.

Lattice thermal conductivity in layered BiCuSeO

KAUST Repository

Kumar, S.

2016-06-30

We quantify the low lattice thermal conductivity in layered BiCuSeO (the oxide with the highest known figure of merit). It turns out that the scattering of acoustical into optical phonons is strongly enhanced in the material because of the special structure of the phonon dispersion. For example, at room temperature the optical phonons account for an enormous 42% of the lattice thermal conductivity. We also quantify the anisotropy of the lattice thermal conductivity and determine the distribution of the mean free path of the phonons at different temperatures to provide a guide for tuning the thermal properties. © the Owner Societies 2016.

Theory and experimental evidence of phonon domains and their roles in pre-martensitic phenomena

Science.gov (United States)

Jin, Yongmei M.; Wang, Yu U.; Ren, Yang

2015-12-01

Pre-martensitic phenomena, also called martensite precursor effects, have been known for decades while yet remain outstanding issues. This paper addresses pre-martensitic phenomena from new theoretical and experimental perspectives. A statistical mechanics-based Grüneisen-type phonon theory is developed. On the basis of deformation-dependent incompletely softened low-energy phonons, the theory predicts a lattice instability and pre-martensitic transition into elastic-phonon domains via 'phonon spinodal decomposition.' The phase transition lifts phonon degeneracy in cubic crystal and has a nature of phonon pseudo-Jahn-Teller lattice instability. The theory and notion of phonon domains consistently explain the ubiquitous pre-martensitic anomalies as natural consequences of incomplete phonon softening. The phonon domains are characterised by broken dynamic symmetry of lattice vibrations and deform through internal phonon relaxation in response to stress (a particular case of Le Chatelier's principle), leading to previously unexplored new domain phenomenon. Experimental evidence of phonon domains is obtained by in situ three-dimensional phonon diffuse scattering and Bragg reflection using high-energy synchrotron X-ray single-crystal diffraction, which observes exotic domain phenomenon fundamentally different from usual ferroelastic domain switching phenomenon. In light of the theory and experimental evidence of phonon domains and their roles in pre-martensitic phenomena, currently existing alternative opinions on martensitic precursor phenomena are revisited.

Cross relaxation in nitroxide spin labels

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Marsh, Derek

2016-01-01

Cross relaxation, and mI-dependence of the intrinsic electron spin-lattice relaxation rate We, are incorporated explicitly into the rate equations for the electron-spin population differences that govern the saturation behaviour of 14N- and 15N-nitroxide spin labels. Both prove important in spin......-label EPR and ELDOR, particularly for saturation recovery studies. Neither for saturation recovery, nor for CW-saturation EPR and CW-ELDOR, can cross relaxation be described simply by increasing the value of We, the intrinsic spin-lattice relaxation rate. Independence of the saturation recovery rates from...... the hyperfine line pumped or observed follows directly from solution of the rate equations including cross relaxation, even when the intrinsic spin-lattice relaxation rate We is mI-dependent....

Model for lattice dynamics of hexagonal close packed metals

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Singh, R K [Tata Inst. of Fundamental Research, Bombay (India); Kumar, S [Meerut Coll. (India). Dept. of Physics

1977-11-19

A lattice dynamical model, which satisfies the requirements of translational invariance as well as the static equilibrium of hexagonal close packed lattice, has been proposed and applied to study the phonon dispersion relations in magnesium. The results revealed by this model have been claimed to be better than earlier ones.

Duffin-Kemmer formulation of spin one-half particle gauge theory

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Samiullah, M.; Mansour, H.M.M.

1981-02-01

We have gauge formulated the spin one-half particle equation in the Duffin-Kemmer formalism of Barut et al. The theory distinguishes between the left and the right chiral states and has a built in chirality. As an example the theory has been applied to the Weinberg Salam model reproducing all its essential features. In view of the built in chirality a lattice gauge version of such a theory is expected to be useful. (author)

Temperature Dependence of the Spin-Hall Conductivity of a Two-Dimensional Impure Rashba Electron Gas in the Presence of Electron-Phonon and Electron-Electron Interactions

Science.gov (United States)

Yavari, H.; Mokhtari, M.; Bayervand, A.

2015-03-01

Based on Kubo's linear response formalism, temperature dependence of the spin-Hall conductivity of a two-dimensional impure (magnetic and nonmagnetic impurities) Rashba electron gas in the presence of electron-electron and electron-phonon interactions is analyzed theoretically. We will show that the temperature dependence of the spin-Hall conductivity is determined by the relaxation rates due to these interactions. At low temperature, the elastic lifetimes ( and are determined by magnetic and nonmagnetic impurity concentrations which are independent of the temperature, while the inelastic lifetimes ( and related to the electron-electron and electron-phonon interactions, decrease when the temperature increases. We will also show that since the spin-Hall conductivity is sensitive to temperature, we can distinguish the intrinsic and extrinsic contributions.

Strong spin-phonon coupling in infrared and Raman spectra of SrMnO.sub.3./sub..

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Kamba, Stanislav; Goian, Veronica; Skoromets, Volodymyr; Hejtmánek, Jiří; Bovtun, Viktor; Kempa, Martin; Borodavka, Fedir; Vaněk, Přemysl; Belik, A.A.; Lee, J.H.; Pacherová, Oliva; Rabe, K.M.

2014-01-01

Roč. 89, č. 6 (2014), "064308-1"-"064308-9" ISSN 1098-0121 R&D Projects: GA MŠk LH13048; GA ČR GAP204/12/1163; GA MŠk LD12026; GA ČR GP14-14122P Institutional support: RVO:68378271 Keywords : multiferroics * spin-phonon coupling * infrared and Raman spectra Subject RIV: BM - Solid Matter Physics ; Magnetism Impact factor: 3.736, year: 2014

Spin-phonon coupling in rod-shaped half-metallic CrO sub 2 ultrafine particles: a magnetic Raman scattering study

CERN Document Server

Yu, T; Sun, W X; Lin, J Y; Ding, J

2003-01-01

Half-metallic CrO sub 2 powder compact with rod-shaped nanoparticles was studied by micro-Raman scattering in the presence of an external magnetic field at room temperature (300 K). In the low-field region (H <= 250 mT), the frequency and intensity of the E sub g mode, an internal phonon mode of CrO sub 2 , increase dramatically with increase in the magnetic field, while the corresponding linewidth decreases. The above parameters become constant when the CrO sub 2 powder enters the saturation state at higher magnetic field. The pronounced anomalies of the Raman phonon parameters under a low magnetic field are attributed to the spin-phonon coupling enhanced by the magnetic ordering, which is induced by the external magnetic field. (letter to the editor)

Lattice thermal conductivity in layered BiCuSeO

KAUST Repository

Kumar, S.; Schwingenschlö gl, Udo

2016-01-01

structure of the phonon dispersion. For example, at room temperature the optical phonons account for an enormous 42% of the lattice thermal conductivity. We also quantify the anisotropy of the lattice thermal conductivity and determine the distribution

The complexity of translationally invariant low-dimensional spin lattices in 3D

Science.gov (United States)

Bausch, Johannes; Piddock, Stephen

2017-11-01

In this theoretical paper, we consider spin systems in three spatial dimensions and consider the computational complexity of estimating the ground state energy, known as the local Hamiltonian problem, for translationally invariant Hamiltonians. We prove that the local Hamiltonian problem for 3D lattices with face-centered cubic unit cells and 4-local translationally invariant interactions between spin-3/2 particles and open boundary conditions is QMAEXP-complete, where QMAEXP is the class of problems which can be verified in exponential time on a quantum computer. We go beyond a mere embedding of past hard 1D history state constructions, for which the local spin dimension is enormous: even state-of-the-art constructions have local dimension 42. We avoid such a large local dimension by combining some different techniques in a novel way. For the verifier circuit which we embed into the ground space of the local Hamiltonian, we utilize a recently developed computational model, called a quantum ring machine, which is especially well suited for translationally invariant history state constructions. This is encoded with a new and particularly simple universal gate set, which consists of a single 2-qubit gate applied only to nearest-neighbour qubits. The Hamiltonian construction involves a classical Wang tiling problem as a binary counter which translates one cube side length into a binary description for the encoded verifier input and a carefully engineered history state construction that implements the ring machine on the cubic lattice faces. These novel techniques allow us to significantly lower the local spin dimension, surpassing the best translationally invariant result to date by two orders of magnitude (in the number of degrees of freedom per coupling). This brings our models on par with the best non-translationally invariant construction.

Quantum Phonon Optics: Squeezing Quantum Noise in the Atomic Displacements.

Science.gov (United States)

Hu, X.; Nori, F.

1996-03-01

We have investigated(X. Hu and F. Nori, Physical Review B, in press; preprints.) coherent and squeezed quantum states of phonons. Squeezed states are interesting because they allow the possibility of modulating the quantum fluctuations of atomic displacements below the zero-point quantum noise level of phonon vacuum states. We have studiedfootnotemark[1] the possibility of squeezing quantum noise in the atomic displacement using a polariton-based approach and also a method based on the three-phonon anharmonic interaction. Our focus here is on the first approach. We have diagonalized the polariton Hamiltonian and calculated the corresponding expectation values and fluctuations of both the atomic displacement and the lattice amplitude operators (the later is the phonon analog of the electric field operator for photons). Our results shows that squeezing of quantum fluctuations in the atomic displacements can be achieved with appropriate initial states of both photon and phonon fields. The degree of squeezing is directly related to the crystal susceptibility, which is indicative of the interaction strength between the incident light and the crystal.

Diluted Ising spin 1/2 lattice with an arbitrary coordination number

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bach Thanh Cong; El Amraoui, Y.

1993-01-01

A useful representation for the Callen identity in the case of spin 1/2 is introduced by a simple technique. The phase diagrams, percolation problems of the diluted Ising lattice with arbitrary coordination number z are also discussed. (author). 12 refs, 5 figs

Electron-phonon interaction and scattering in Si and Ge: Implications for phonon engineering

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Tandon, Nandan; Albrecht, J. D.; Ram-Mohan, L. R.

2015-01-01

We report ab-initio results for electron-phonon (e-ph) coupling and display the existence of a large variation in the coupling parameter as a function of electron and phonon dispersion. This variation is observed for all phonon modes in Si and Ge, and we show this for representative cases where the initial electron states are at the band gap edges. Using these e-ph matrix elements, which include all possible phonon modes and electron bands within a relevant energy range, we evaluate the imaginary part of the electron self-energy in order to obtain the associated scattering rates. The temperature dependence is seen through calculations of the scattering rates at 0 K and 300 K. The results provide a basis for understanding the impacts of phonon scattering vs. orientation and geometry in the design of devices, and in analysis of transport phenomena. This provides an additional tool for engineering the transfer of energy from carriers to the lattice

Design and Fabrication Challenges for Millimeter-Scale Three-Dimensional Phononic Crystals

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Frieder Lucklum

2017-11-01

Full Text Available While phononic crystals can be theoretically modeled with a variety of analytical and numerical methods, the practical realization and comprehensive characterization of complex designs is often challenging. This is especially important for the nearly limitless possibilities of periodic, three-dimensional structures. In this contribution, we take a look at these design and fabrication challenges of different 3D phononic elements based on recent research using additive manufacturing. Different fabrication technologies introduce specific limitations in terms of, e.g., material choices, minimum feature size, aspect ratios, or support requirements that have to be taken into account during design and theoretical modeling. We discuss advantages and disadvantages of additive technologies suitable for millimeter and sub-millimeter feature sizes. Furthermore, we present comprehensive experimental characterization of finite, simple cubic lattices in terms of wave polarization and propagation direction to demonstrate the substantial differences between complete phononic band gap and application oriented directional band gaps of selected propagation modes.

Nonlinear electron-phonon heat exchange

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Woods, L.M.; Mahan, G.D.

1998-01-01

A calculation of the energy exchange between phonons and electrons is done for a metal at very low temperatures. We consider the energy exchange due to two-phonon processes. Second-order processes are expected to be important at temperatures less than 1 K. We include two different second-order processes: (i) the Compton-like scattering of phonons, and (ii) the electron-dual-phonon scattering from the second-order electron-phonon interaction. It is found that the Compton-like process contains a singular energy denominator. The singularity is removed by introducing quasiparticle damping. For pure metals we find that the energy exchange depends upon the lifetime of the electrons and it is proportional to the temperature of the lattice as T L 8 . The same calculation is performed for the electron-dual-phonon scattering and it is found that the temperature dependence is T L 9 . The results can be applied to quantum dot refrigerators. copyright 1998 The American Physical Society

Harmonic Lattice Dynamics of Germanium

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Nelin, G

1974-07-01

The phonon dispersion relations of the DELTA-, LAMBDA-, and SIGMA-directions of germanium at 80 K are analysed in terms of current harmonic lattice dynamical models. On the basis of this experience, a new model is proposed which gives a unified account of the strong points of the previous models. The principal elements of the presented theory are quasiparticle bond charges combined with a valence force field.

Harmonic Lattice Dynamics of Germanium

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Nelin, G.

1974-01-01

The phonon dispersion relations of the Δ-, Λ-, and Σ-directions of germanium at 80 K are analysed in terms of current harmonic lattice dynamical models. On the basis of this experience, a new model is proposed which gives a unified account of the strong points of the previous models. The principal elements of the presented theory are quasiparticle bond charges combined with a valence force field

Magnetic ground state and magnon-phonon interaction in multiferroic h-YMnO3

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Holm, S. L.; Kreisel, A.; Schaeffer, T. K.

2018-01-01

Inelastic neutron scattering has been used to study the magnetoelastic excitations in the multiferroic manganite hexagonal YMnO3. An avoided crossing is found between magnon and phonon modes close to the Brillouin zone boundary in the (a,b) plane. Neutron polarization analysis reveals that this m......Inelastic neutron scattering has been used to study the magnetoelastic excitations in the multiferroic manganite hexagonal YMnO3. An avoided crossing is found between magnon and phonon modes close to the Brillouin zone boundary in the (a,b) plane. Neutron polarization analysis reveals...... that this mode has mixed magnon-phonon character. An external magnetic field along the c axis is observed to cause a linear field-induced splitting of one of the spin-wave branches. A theoretical description is performed, using a Heisenberg model of localized spins, acoustic phonon modes, and a magnetoelastic...... coupling via the single-ion magnetostriction. The model quantitatively reproduces the dispersion and intensities of all modes in the full Brillouin zone, describes the observed magnon-phonon hybridized modes, and quantifies the magnetoelastic coupling. The combined information, including the field...

Spin-1 two-impurity Kondo problem on a lattice

Science.gov (United States)

Allerdt, A.; Žitko, R.; Feiguin, A. E.

2018-01-01

We present an extensive study of the two-impurity Kondo problem for spin-1 adatoms on a square lattice using an exact canonical transformation to map the problem onto an effective one-dimensional system that can be numerically solved using the density matrix renormalization group method. We provide a simple intuitive picture and identify the different regimes, depending on the distance between the two impurities, Kondo coupling JK, longitudinal anisotropy D , and transverse anisotropy E . In the isotropic case, two impurities on opposite (the same) sublattices have a singlet (triplet) ground state. However, the energy difference between the triplet ground state and the singlet excited state is very small and we expect an effectively fourfold-degenerate ground state, i.e., two decoupled impurities. For large enough JK the impurities are practically uncorrelated forming two independent underscreened states with the conduction electrons, a clear nonperturbative effect. When the impurities are entangled in an RKKY-like state, Kondo correlations persist and the two effects coexist: the impurities are underscreened, and the dangling spin-1 /2 degrees of freedom are responsible for the interimpurity entanglement. We analyze the effects of magnetic anisotropy in the development of quasiclassical correlations.

Basic physics of one-dimensional metals

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Emery, V.J.

1976-01-01

Largely nonmathematical qualitative lectures are given on the basic physics of nearly one-dimensional conductors. The main emphasis is placed on the properties of a purely one-dimensional electron gas. The effects of a real system having interchain coupling, impurities, a compressible lattice, lattice distortions and phonon anomalies are discussed

Enhanced 29Si spin-lattice relaxation and observation of three-dimensional lattice connectivity in zeolites by two-dimensional 29Si MASS NMR

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sivadinarayana, C.; Choudhary, V.R.; Ganapathy, S.

1994-01-01

It is shown that considerable sensitivity enhancement is achieved in the 29 Si magic angle sample spinning (MASS) NMR spectra of highly siliceous zeolites by pre treating the material with oxygen. The presence of adsorbed molecular oxygen in zeolite channels promotes an efficient 29 Si spin-lattice relaxation via a paramagnetic interaction between the lattice 29 Si T-site and the adsorbed oxygen on zeolite channels. This affords an efficient 2-D data collection and leads to increased sensitivity. The utility of this method is demonstrated in a two-dimensional COSY-45 NMR experiment of a high silica zeolite ZSM-5. (author). 20 refs., 3 figs., 1 tab

Phonons in fcc binary alloys

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sharma, Amita; Rathore, R.P.S.

1992-01-01

Born-Mayer potential has been modified to account for the unpaired (three body) forces among the common nearest neighbours of the ordered binary fcc alloys i.e. Ni 3 Fe 7 , Ni 5 Fe 5 and Ni 75 Fe 25 . The three body potential is added to the two body form of Morse to formalize the total interaction potential. Measured inverse ionic compressibility, cohesive energy, lattice constant and one measured phonon frequency are used to evaluate the defining parameters of the potential. The potential seeks to bring about the binding among 140 and 132 atoms though pair wise (two body) and non-pair wise (three body) forces respectively. The phonon-dispersion relations obtained by solving the secular equation are compared with the experimental findings on the aforesaid alloys. (author). 19 refs., 3 figs

Analytical approach to phonons and electron-phonon interactions in single-walled zigzag carbon nanotubes

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kandemir, B S; Keskin, M [Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences, Ankara University, 06100 Tandogan, Ankara (Turkey)

2008-08-13

In this paper, exact analytical expressions for the entire phonon spectra in single-walled carbon nanotubes with zigzag geometry are presented by using a new approach, originally developed by Kandemir and Altanhan. This approach is based on the concept of construction of a classical lattice Hamiltonian of single-walled carbon nanotubes, wherein the nearest and next nearest neighbor and bond bending interactions are all included, then its quantization and finally diagonalization of the resulting second quantized Hamiltonian. Furthermore, within this context, explicit analytical expressions for the relevant electron-phonon interaction coefficients are also investigated for single-walled carbon nanotubes having this geometry, by the phonon modulation of the hopping interaction.

Analytical approach to phonons and electron-phonon interactions in single-walled zigzag carbon nanotubes

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kandemir, B S; Keskin, M

2008-01-01

In this paper, exact analytical expressions for the entire phonon spectra in single-walled carbon nanotubes with zigzag geometry are presented by using a new approach, originally developed by Kandemir and Altanhan. This approach is based on the concept of construction of a classical lattice Hamiltonian of single-walled carbon nanotubes, wherein the nearest and next nearest neighbor and bond bending interactions are all included, then its quantization and finally diagonalization of the resulting second quantized Hamiltonian. Furthermore, within this context, explicit analytical expressions for the relevant electron-phonon interaction coefficients are also investigated for single-walled carbon nanotubes having this geometry, by the phonon modulation of the hopping interaction

Quantum anomalous Hall phase in a one-dimensional optical lattice

Science.gov (United States)

Liu, Sheng; Shao, L. B.; Hou, Qi-Zhe; Xue, Zheng-Yuan

2018-03-01

We propose to simulate and detect quantum anomalous Hall phase with ultracold atoms in a one-dimensional optical lattice, with the other synthetic dimension being realized by modulating spin-orbit coupling. We show that the system manifests a topologically nontrivial phase with two chiral edge states which can be readily detected in this synthetic two-dimensional system. Moreover, it is interesting that at the phase transition point there is a flat energy band and this system can also be in a topologically nontrivial phase with two Fermi zero modes existing at the boundaries by considering the synthetic dimension as a modulated parameter. We also show how to measure these topological phases experimentally in ultracold atoms. Another model with a random Rashba and Dresselhaus spin-orbit coupling strength is also found to exhibit topological nontrivial phase, and the impact of the disorder to the system is revealed.

Formation of spin-polarons in the ferromagnetic Kondo lattice model away from half-filling

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Arredondo, Y; Navarro, O; Vallejo, E; Avignon, M

2012-01-01

Even though realistic one-dimensional experiments in the field of half-metallic semiconductors are not at hand yet, we are interested in the underlying fundamental physics. In this regard we study a one-dimensional ferromagnetic Kondo lattice model, a model in which a conduction band is coupled ferromagnetically to a background of localized d moments with coupling constant J H , and investigate the T = 0 phase diagram as a function of the antiferromagnetic interaction J between the localized moments and the band-filling n, since it has been observed that doping of the compounds has led to formation of magnetic domains. We explore the spin-polaron formation by looking at the nearest-neighbour correlation functions in the spin and charge regimes for which we use the density matrix renormalization group method, which is a highly efficient method to investigate quasi-one-dimensional strongly correlated systems. (paper)

Long-range transverse spin Seebeck effect in permalloy stripes using Sagnac interferometer microscopy

Science.gov (United States)

Liu, Haoliang; McLaughlin, Ryan; Sun, Dali; Valy Vardeny, Z.

2018-04-01

Coupling of spins and phonons in ferromagnets (FM) may persist up to mm length scale, thus generating macroscopic spatially distributed spin accumulation along the direction of an applied thermal gradient to an FM slab. This typical feature of transverse spin Seebeck effect (TSSE) has been demonstrated so far using electrical detection methods in FM films, in particular in a patterned structure, in which FM stripes grown onto a substrate perpendicular to the applied thermal gradient direction are electrically and magnetically isolated. Here we report optically detected TSSE response in isolated FM stripes based on permalloy deposited on SiN substrate, upon the application of a thermal gradient. For these measurements we used the magneto-optic Kerr effect measured by an ultrasensitive Sagnac interferometer microscope that is immune to thermo-electrics artefacts. We found that the optical TSSE coefficient in the NiFe stripes geometry is about one order of magnitude smaller than that in the continuous NiFe film, which is due to the limited phonons path in the FM stripes along the thermal gradient direction. Our results further confirm the existence of TSSE response in conducting FM compounds.

Phonon-assisted tunneling and its dependence on pressure

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Roy, P.N.; Singh, A.P.; Thakur, B.N.

1999-01-01

First the mechanism of phonon-assisted tunneling has been investigated. The indirect tunnel current density has been computed after taking the amplitude of the time dependent perturbation as the energy of the lattice vibration. Later the pressure dependence of the phonon-assisted tunnel current has been computed using Payne's expression for the dependence of phonon frequency on pressure. Very good qualitative agreements are obtained between predicted and observed characteristics. (author)

2-D modeling of dual-mode acoustic phonon excitation of a triangular nanoplate

Science.gov (United States)

Tai, Po-Tse; Yu, Pyng; Tang, Jau

2010-08-01

In this theoretical work, we investigated coherent phonon excitation of a triangular nanoplate based on 2-D Fermi-Pasta-Ulam lattice model. Based on the two-temperature model commonly used in description of laser heating of metals, we considered two kinds of forces related to electronic and lattice stresses. Based on extensive simulation and analysis, we identified two major planar phonon modes, namely, a standing wave mode related to the triangle bisector and another mode corresponding to half of the side length. This work elucidates the roles of laser-induced electronic stress and lattice stress in controlling the initial phase and the amplitude ratio between these two phonon modes.

A version of the Quasiparticle-Phonon Nuclear Model for doubly-even well-deformed nuclei

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Soloviev, V.G.

1992-06-01

The basic assumptions concerning the Quasiparticle-Phonon Nuclear Model are formulated and the mathematical apparatus is developed. The Hamiltonian, containing a finite-rank separable isoscalar and isovector multipole, a spin-multipole and a tensor particle-hole as well as particle-particle interactions transforms to a form containing quasiparticle, phonon and quasiparticle-phonon interactions. The general RPA equation is derived and the particular cases are discussed. The very complex interaction does not complicate the description of the fragmentation one-phonon states. It is shown that the three-phonon terms added to the one- and two-phonon terms in the wave function lead to an additional small shift of the two-phonon poles in the secular equation. The influence of the density-dependent separable interaction on the vibrational states is small. A common description of the collective, weakly collective and two-quasiparticle states in doubly-even well-deformed nuclei is obtained. (author)

Magnon rainbows filtered through phonon clouds

Science.gov (United States)

Boona, Stephen R.

2016-06-01

The study of heat flow in magnetic insulators is a topic of significant interest in spin caloritronics, especially for understanding the nuanced origins of the spin Seebeck effect (SSE). Recent work by Diniz and Costa (2016 New J. Phys. 18 052002) provides insight into this subject by presenting a microscopic model for the spectral dependence of magnon-phonon interactions in magnetic insulators, which has been a challenging puzzle for decades. Their new paper shows that phonon-mediated magnon-magnon interactions affect the lifetime of magnons differently depending on the magnon wavelength. As a result, low energy magnons transport spin more efficiently, and are more sensitive to applied magnetic fields. These results help explain some unexpected behavior in the SSE recently reported in several experiments.

Phonon thermal transport through tilt grain boundaries in strontium titanate

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Zheng, Zexi; Chen, Xiang; Yang, Shengfeng; Xiong, Liming; Chen, Youping [Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611 (United States); Deng, Bowen; Chernatynskiy, Aleksandr [Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611 (United States)

2014-08-21

In this work, we perform nonequilibrium molecular dynamics simulations to study phonon scattering at two tilt grain boundaries (GBs) in SrTiO{sub 3}. Mode-wise energy transmission coefficients are obtained based on phonon wave-packet dynamics simulations. The Kapitza conductance is then quantified using a lattice dynamics approach. The obtained results of the Kapitza conductance of both GBs compare well with those obtained by the direct method, except for the temperature dependence. Contrary to common belief, the results of this work show that the optical modes in SrTiO{sub 3} contribute significantly to phonon thermal transport, accounting for over 50% of the Kapitza conductance. To understand the effect of the GB structural disorder on phonon transport, we compare the local phonon density of states of the atoms in the GB region with that in the single crystalline grain region. Our results show that the excess vibrational modes introduced by the structural disorder do not have a significant effect on phonon scattering at the GBs, but the absence of certain modes in the GB region appears to be responsible for phonon reflections at GBs. This work has also demonstrated phonon mode conversion and simultaneous generation of new modes. Some of the new modes have the same frequency as the initial wave packet, while some have the same wave vector but lower frequencies.

Phonon thermal transport through tilt grain boundaries in strontium titanate

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zheng, Zexi; Chen, Xiang; Yang, Shengfeng; Xiong, Liming; Chen, Youping; Deng, Bowen; Chernatynskiy, Aleksandr

2014-01-01

In this work, we perform nonequilibrium molecular dynamics simulations to study phonon scattering at two tilt grain boundaries (GBs) in SrTiO 3 . Mode-wise energy transmission coefficients are obtained based on phonon wave-packet dynamics simulations. The Kapitza conductance is then quantified using a lattice dynamics approach. The obtained results of the Kapitza conductance of both GBs compare well with those obtained by the direct method, except for the temperature dependence. Contrary to common belief, the results of this work show that the optical modes in SrTiO 3 contribute significantly to phonon thermal transport, accounting for over 50% of the Kapitza conductance. To understand the effect of the GB structural disorder on phonon transport, we compare the local phonon density of states of the atoms in the GB region with that in the single crystalline grain region. Our results show that the excess vibrational modes introduced by the structural disorder do not have a significant effect on phonon scattering at the GBs, but the absence of certain modes in the GB region appears to be responsible for phonon reflections at GBs. This work has also demonstrated phonon mode conversion and simultaneous generation of new modes. Some of the new modes have the same frequency as the initial wave packet, while some have the same wave vector but lower frequencies

Mean fields and self consistent normal ordering of lattice spin and gauge field theories

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ruehl, W.

1986-01-01

Classical Heisenberg spin models on lattices possess mean field theories that are well defined real field theories on finite lattices. These mean field theories can be self consistently normal ordered. This leads to a considerable improvement over standard mean field theory. This concept is carried over to lattice gauge theories. We construct first an appropriate real mean field theory. The equations determining the Gaussian kernel necessary for self-consistent normal ordering of this mean field theory are derived. (orig.)

Calculated temperature dependence of elastic constants and phonon dispersion of hcp and bcc beryllium

Science.gov (United States)

Hahn, Steven; Arapan, Sergiu; Harmon, Bruce; Eriksson, Olle

2011-03-01

Conventional first principle methods for calculating lattice dynamics are unable to calculate high temperature thermophysical properties of materials containing modes that are entropically stabilized. In this presentation we use a relatively new approach called self-consistent ab initio lattice dynamics (SCAILD) to study the hcp to bcc transition (1530 K) in beryllium. The SCAILD method goes beyond the harmonic approximation to include phonon-phonon interactions and produces a temperature-dependent phonon dispersion. In the high temperature bcc structure, phonon-phonon interactions dynamically stabilize the N-point phonon. Fits to the calculated phonon dispersion were used to determine the temperature dependence of the elastic constants in the hcp and bcc phases. Work at the Ames Laboratory was supported by the Department of Energy-Basic Energy Sciences under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11358.

Gapped paramagnetic state in a frustrated spin-1/2 Heisenberg antiferromagnet on the cross-striped square lattice

Science.gov (United States)

Li, P. H. Y.; Bishop, R. F.

2018-03-01

We implement the coupled cluster method to very high orders of approximation to study the spin-1/2 J1 -J2 Heisenberg model on a cross-striped square lattice. Every nearest-neighbour pair of sites on the square lattice has an isotropic antiferromagnetic exchange bond of strength J1 > 0 , while the basic square plaquettes in alternate columns have either both or neither next-nearest-neighbour (diagonal) pairs of sites connected by an equivalent frustrating bond of strength J2 ≡ αJ1 > 0 . By studying the magnetic order parameter (i.e., the average local on-site magnetization) in the range 0 ≤ α ≤ 1 of the frustration parameter we find that the quasiclassical antiferromagnetic Néel and (so-called) double Néel states form the stable ground-state phases in the respective regions α α1bc = 0.615(5) . The double Néel state has Néel (⋯ ↑↓↑↓ ⋯) ordering along the (column) direction parallel to the stripes of squares with both or no J2 bonds, and spins alternating in a pairwise (⋯ ↑↑↓↓↑↑↓↓ ⋯) fashion along the perpendicular (row) direction, so that the parallel pairs occur on squares with both J2 bonds present. Further explicit calculations of both the triplet spin gap and the zero-field uniform transverse magnetic susceptibility provide compelling evidence that the ground-state phase over all or most of the intermediate regime α1ac < α < α1bc is a gapped state with no discernible long-range magnetic order.

Spin systems

CERN Document Server

Caspers, W J

1989-01-01

This book is about spin systems as models for magnetic materials, especially antiferromagnetic lattices. Spin-systems are well-defined models, for which, in special cases, exact properties may be derived. These special cases are for the greater part, one- dimensional and restricted in their applicability, but they may give insight into general properties that also exist in higher dimension. This work pays special attention to qualitative differences between spin lattices of different dimensions. It also replaces the traditional picture of an (ordered) antiferromagnetic state of a Heisenberg sy

Spin manipulation and relaxation in spin-orbit qubits

Science.gov (United States)

Borhani, Massoud; Hu, Xuedong

2012-03-01

We derive a generalized form of the electric dipole spin resonance (EDSR) Hamiltonian in the presence of the spin-orbit interaction for single spins in an elliptic quantum dot (QD) subject to an arbitrary (in both direction and magnitude) applied magnetic field. We predict a nonlinear behavior of the Rabi frequency as a function of the magnetic field for sufficiently large Zeeman energies, and present a microscopic expression for the anisotropic electron g tensor. Similarly, an EDSR Hamiltonian is devised for two spins confined in a double quantum dot (DQD), where coherent Rabi oscillations between the singlet and triplet states are induced by jittering the inter-dot distance at the resonance frequency. Finally, we calculate two-electron-spin relaxation rates due to phonon emission, for both in-plane and perpendicular magnetic fields. Our results have immediate applications to current EDSR experiments on nanowire QDs, g-factor optimization of confined carriers, and spin decay measurements in DQD spin-orbit qubits.

Phonon properties and slow organic-to-inorganic sub-lattice thermalization in hybrid perovskites

Science.gov (United States)

Chan, Maria; Chang, Angela; Xia, Yi; Sadasivam, Sridhar; Guo, Peijun; Kinaci, Alper; Lin, Hao-Wu; Darancet, Pierre; Schaller, Richard

Organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite halide compounds have been investigated extensively for photovoltaics (PVs) and related applications. The thermal transport properties of hybrid perovskites, including phonon-carrier and phonon-phonon interactions, are of significance for their PV and solar thermoelectric applications. The interlocking organic and inorganic sublattices can be thought of as an extreme form of nanostructuring. A result of this nanostructuring is the large gap in phonon frequencies between the organic and inorganic sublattices, which is expected to create bottlenecks in phonon equilibration. In this work, we use a combination of ultrafast spectroscopy including photoluminescence and transient absorption, as well as first principles density functional theory (DFT), ab initio molecular dynamics calculations, phonon lifetimes derived from DFT force constants, and non-equilibrium phonon dynamics accounting for phonon lifetimes, to determine the phonon and charge interaction processes. We find evidence that thermalization of carriers occur at an atypically slow 50-100 ps time scale owing to the complex interplay between electronic and phonon excitations.

Modified spin-wave theory with ordering vector optimization: frustrated bosons on the spatially anisotropic triangular lattice

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hauke, Philipp [ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, Meditarranean Technology Park, E-08860 Castelldefels, Barcelona (Spain); Roscilde, Tommaso [Laboratoire de Physique, Ecole Normale Superieure de Lyon, 46 Allee d' Italie, F-69007 Lyon (France); Murg, Valentin; Ignacio Cirac, J; Schmied, Roman, E-mail: Philipp.Hauke@icfo.e [Max-Planck-Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Strasse 1, D-85748 Garching (Germany)

2010-05-15

We investigate a system of frustrated hardcore bosons, modeled by an XY antiferromagnet on the spatially anisotropic triangular lattice, using Takahashi's modified spin-wave (MSW) theory. In particular, we implement ordering vector optimization on the ordered reference state of MSW theory, which leads to significant improvement of the theory and accounts for quantum corrections to the classically ordered state. The MSW results at zero temperature compare favorably to exact diagonalization (ED) and projected entangled-pair state (PEPS) calculations. The resulting zero-temperature phase diagram includes a one-dimensional (1D) quasi-ordered phase, a 2D Neel ordered phase and a 2D spiraling ordered phase. Strong indications coming from the ED and PEPS calculations, as well as from the breakdown of MSW theory, suggest that the various ordered or quasi-ordered phases are separated by spin-liquid phases with short-range correlations, in analogy to what has been predicted for the Heisenberg model on the same lattice. Within MSW theory, we also explore the finite-temperature phase diagram. In agreement with the Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless (BKT) theory, we find that zero-temperature long-range-ordered phases turn into quasi-ordered phases (up to a BKT transition temperature), while zero-temperature quasi-ordered phases become short-range correlated at finite temperature. These results show that, despite its simplicity, MSW theory is very well suited to describing ordered and quasi-ordered phases of frustrated XY spins (or, equivalently, of frustrated lattice bosons) both at zero and finite temperatures. While MSW theory, just as other theoretical methods, cannot describe spin-liquid phases, its breakdown provides a fast and reliable method for singling out Hamiltonians that may feature these intriguing quantum phases. We thus suggest a tool for guiding our search for interesting systems whose properties are necessarily studied with a physical quantum simulator

Ising antiferromagnet on the Archimedean lattices

Science.gov (United States)

Yu, Unjong

2015-06-01

Geometric frustration effects were studied systematically with the Ising antiferromagnet on the 11 Archimedean lattices using the Monte Carlo methods. The Wang-Landau algorithm for static properties (specific heat and residual entropy) and the Metropolis algorithm for a freezing order parameter were adopted. The exact residual entropy was also found. Based on the degree of frustration and dynamic properties, ground states of them were determined. The Shastry-Sutherland lattice and the trellis lattice are weakly frustrated and have two- and one-dimensional long-range-ordered ground states, respectively. The bounce, maple-leaf, and star lattices have the spin ice phase. The spin liquid phase appears in the triangular and kagome lattices.

Scientific articles of the RBRC/CCAST Symposium on Spin Physics Lattice QCD and RHIC Physics

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

2003-01-01

This volume comprises scientific articles of the symposium on spin physics, lattice QCD and RHIC physics organized by RIKEN BNL research center (RBRC) and China center of advanced science and technology (CCAST). The talks were discussing the spin structure of nucleons and other problems of RHIC physics

Spectroscopy of infrared-active phonons in high-temperature superconductors

Science.gov (United States)

Litvinchuk, A. P.; Thomsen, C.; Cardona, M.; Borjesson, L.

1995-01-01

For a large variety of superconducting materials both experimental and theoretical lattice dynamical studies have been performed to date. The assignment of the observed infrared- and Raman-active phonon modes to the particular lattice eigenmodes is generally accepted. We will concentrate here upon the analysis of the changes of the infrared-phonon parameters (frequency and linewidth) upon entering the superconducting state which, as will be shown, may provide information on the magnitude of the superconductivity-related gap and its dependence on the superconducting transition temperature Tc.

Circularly polarized zero-phonon transitions of vacancies in diamond at high magnetic fields

Science.gov (United States)

Braukmann, D.; Glaser, E. R.; Kennedy, T. A.; Bayer, M.; Debus, J.

2018-05-01

We study the circularly polarized photoluminescence of negatively charged (NV-) and neutral (NV0) nitrogen-vacancy ensembles and neutral vacancies (V0) in diamond crystals exposed to magnetic fields of up to 10 T. We determine the orbital and spin Zeeman splitting as well as the energetic ordering of their ground and first-excited states. The spin-triplet and -singlet states of the NV- are described by an orbital Zeeman splitting of about 9 μ eV /T , which corresponds to a positive orbital g -factor of gL=0.164 under application of the magnetic field along the (001) and (111) crystallographic directions, respectively. The zero-phonon line (ZPL) of the NV- singlet is defined as a transition from the 1E' states, which are split by gLμBB , to the 1A1 state. The energies of the zero-phonon triplet transitions show a quadratic dependence on intermediate magnetic field strengths, which we attribute to a mixing of excited states with nonzero orbital angular momentum. Moreover, we identify slightly different spin Zeeman splittings in the ground (gs) and excited (es) triplet states, which can be expressed by a deviation between their spin g -factors: gS ,es=gS ,gs+Δ g with values of Δ g =0.014 and 0.029 in the (001) and (111) geometries, respectively. The degree of circular polarization of the NV- ZPLs depends significantly on the temperature, which is explained by an efficient spin-orbit coupling of the excited states mediated through acoustic phonons. We further demonstrate that the sign of the circular polarization degree is switched under rotation of the diamond crystal. A weak Zeeman splitting similar to Δ g μBB measured for the NV- ZPLs is also obtained for the NV0 zero-phonon lines, from which we conclude that the ground state is composed of two optically active states with compensated orbital contributions and opposite spin-1/2 momentum projections. The zero-phonon lines of the V0 show Zeeman splittings and degrees of the circular polarization with opposite

3D Spin-Liquid State in an Organic Hyperkagome Lattice of Mott Dimers

Science.gov (United States)

Mizuno, Asato; Shuku, Yoshiaki; Matsushita, Michio M.; Tsuchiizu, Masahisa; Hara, Yuuki; Wada, Nobuo; Shimizu, Yasuhiro; Awaga, Kunio

2017-08-01

We report the first 3D spin liquid state of isotropic organic spins. Structural analysis, and magnetic and heat-capacity measurements were carried out for a chiral organic radical salt, (TBA) 1.5[(-)-NDI -Δ ] (TBA denotes tetrabutylammonium and NDI denotes naphthalene diimide), in which (-)-NDI -Δ forms a K4 structure due to its triangular molecular structure and an intermolecular π -π overlap between the NDI moieties. This lattice was identical to the hyperkagome lattice of S =1 /2 Mott dimers, and should exhibit 3D spin frustration. In fact, even though the high-temperature magnetic susceptibility followed the Curie-Weiss law with a negative Weiss constant of θ =-15 K , the low-temperature magnetic measurements revealed no long-range magnetic ordering down to 70 mK, and suggested the presence of a spin liquid state with a large residual paramagnetism χ0 of 8.5 ×10-6 emu g-1 at the absolute zero temperature. This was supported by the N 14 NMR measurements down to 0.38 K. Further, the low-temperature heat capacities cp down to 68 mK clearly indicated the presence of cp for the spin liquid state, which can be fitted to the power law of T0.62 in the wide temperature range 0.07-4.5 K.

Berry Curvature in Magnon-Phonon Hybrid Systems.

Science.gov (United States)

Takahashi, Ryuji; Nagaosa, Naoto

2016-11-18

We study theoretically the Berry curvature of the magnon induced by the hybridization with the acoustic phonons via the spin-orbit and dipolar interactions. We first discuss the magnon-phonon hybridization via the dipolar interaction, and show that the dispersions have gapless points in momentum space, some of which form a loop. Next, when both spin-orbit and dipolar interactions are considered, we show anisotropic texture of the Berry curvature and its divergence with and without gap closing. Realistic evaluation of the consequent anomalous velocity is given for yttrium iron garnet.

Phonon broadening in high entropy alloys

Science.gov (United States)

Körmann, Fritz; Ikeda, Yuji; Grabowski, Blazej; Sluiter, Marcel H. F.

2017-09-01

Refractory high entropy alloys feature outstanding properties making them a promising materials class for next-generation high-temperature applications. At high temperatures, materials properties are strongly affected by lattice vibrations (phonons). Phonons critically influence thermal stability, thermodynamic and elastic properties, as well as thermal conductivity. In contrast to perfect crystals and ordered alloys, the inherently present mass and force constant fluctuations in multi-component random alloys (high entropy alloys) can induce significant phonon scattering and broadening. Despite their importance, phonon scattering and broadening have so far only scarcely been investigated for high entropy alloys. We tackle this challenge from a theoretical perspective and employ ab initio calculations to systematically study the impact of force constant and mass fluctuations on the phonon spectral functions of 12 body-centered cubic random alloys, from binaries up to 5-component high entropy alloys, addressing the key question of how chemical complexity impacts phonons. We find that it is crucial to include both mass and force constant fluctuations. If one or the other is neglected, qualitatively wrong results can be obtained such as artificial phonon band gaps. We analyze how the results obtained for the phonons translate into thermodynamically integrated quantities, specifically the vibrational entropy. Changes in the vibrational entropy with increasing the number of elements can be as large as changes in the configurational entropy and are thus important for phase stability considerations. The set of studied alloys includes MoTa, MoTaNb, MoTaNbW, MoTaNbWV, VW, VWNb, VWTa, VWNbTa, VTaNbTi, VWNbTaTi, HfZrNb, HfMoTaTiZr.

Phonon dispersion on Ag (100) surface: A modified analytic embedded atom method study

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zhang Xiao-Jun; Chen Chang-Le

2016-01-01

Within the harmonic approximation, the analytic expression of the dynamical matrix is derived based on the modified analytic embedded atom method (MAEAM) and the dynamics theory of surface lattice. The surface phonon dispersions along three major symmetry directions, and XM-bar are calculated for the clean Ag (100) surface by using our derived formulas. We then discuss the polarization and localization of surface modes at points X-bar and M-bar by plotting the squared polarization vectors as a function of the layer index. The phonon frequencies of the surface modes calculated by MAEAM are compared with the available experimental and other theoretical data. It is found that the present results are generally in agreement with the referenced experimental or theoretical results, with a maximum deviation of 10.4%. The agreement shows that the modified analytic embedded atom method is a reasonable many-body potential model to quickly describe the surface lattice vibration. It also lays a significant foundation for studying the surface lattice vibration in other metals. (paper)

Lattice dynamics of aluminium, lead and thorium on modified Bhatia's model

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bertolo, L.A.; Shukla, M.M.

1975-01-01

Phonon dispersion relations along the three principal symmetry directions as well as lattice heat capacities of aluminium, lead and thorium have been calculated on the basis of modified Bathia's model. The calculated results are found to show reasonable agreements with the experimental observations

A complete multifluid model for bipolar semiconductors, with interacting carriers, phonons, and photons

Science.gov (United States)

Rossani, A.

2017-12-01

If electrons (e) and holes (h) in metals or semiconductors are heated to the temperatures T_e and T_h greater than the lattice temperature, the electron-phonon interaction causes energy relaxation. In the non-uniform case a momentum relaxation occurs as well. In view of such an application, a new model, based on an asymptotic procedure for solving the kinetic equations of carriers, phonons, and photons, is proposed, which gives naturally the displaced Maxwellian at the leading order. Several generation-recombination (GR) events occur in bipolar semiconductors. In the presence of photons the most important ones are the radiative GR events, direct, indirect, and exciton-catalyzed. Phonons and photons are treated here as a participating species, with their own equation. All the phonon-photon interactions are accounted for. Moreover, carrier-photon (Compton) interactions are introduced, which make complete the model. After that, balance equations for the electron number, hole number, energy densities, and momentum densities are constructed, which constitute now a system of macroscopic equations for the chemical potentials (carriers), the temperatures (carriers and bosons), and the drift velocities (carriers and bosons). In the drift-diffusion approximation the constitutive laws are derived and the Onsager relations recovered, even in the presence of an external magnetic field.

Lattice artifacts in the non-Abelian Debye screening mass in one-loop order

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kaste, P.; Rothe, H.J.

1997-01-01

We compute the electric screening mass in lattice QCD with Wilson fermions at finite temperature and chemical potential to one-loop order, and show that lattice artifacts arising from a finite lattice spacing result in an enhancement of the screening mass as compared to the continuum. We discuss the magnitude of this enhancement as a function of the temperature and chemical potential for lattices with a different number of lattice sites in the temporal direction that can be implemented in lattice simulations. Most of the enhancement is found to be due to the fermion loop contribution. copyright 1997 The American Physical Society

Size dependence of 13C nuclear spin-lattice relaxation in micro- and nanodiamonds

Science.gov (United States)

Panich, A. M.; Sergeev, N. A.; Shames, A. I.; Osipov, V. Yu; Boudou, J.-P.; Goren, S. D.

2015-02-01

Size dependence of physical properties of nanodiamond particles is of crucial importance for various applications in which defect density and location as well as relaxation processes play a significant role. In this work, the impact of defects induced by milling of micron-sized synthetic diamonds was studied by magnetic resonance techniques as a function of the particle size. EPR and 13C NMR studies of highly purified commercial synthetic micro- and nanodiamonds were done for various fractions separated by sizes. Noticeable acceleration of 13C nuclear spin-lattice relaxation with decreasing particle size was found. We showed that this effect is caused by the contribution to relaxation coming from the surface paramagnetic centers induced by sample milling. The developed theory of the spin-lattice relaxation for such a case shows good compliance with the experiment.

Spin Dynamics and Quantum Tunneling in Fe8 Nanomagnet and in AFM Rings by NMR

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ho-Baek, Seung [Iowa State Univ., Ames, IA (United States)

2004-01-01

In this thesis, our main interest has been to investigate the spin dynamics and quantum tunneling in single molecule magnets (SMMs), For this we have selected two different classes of SMMs: a ferrimagnetic total high spin S = 10 cluster Fe8 and antiferromagnetic (AFM) ring-type clusters. For Fe8, our efforts have been devoted to the investigation of the quantum tunneling of magnetization in the very low temperature region. The most remarkable experimental finding in Fe8 is that the nuclear spin-lattice relaxation rate (1/T{sub l}) at low temperatures takes place via strong collision mechanism, and thus it allows to measure directly the tunneling rate vs T and H for the first time. For AFM rings, we have shown that 1/T{sub l} probes the thermal fluctuations of the magnetization in the intermediate temperature range. We find that the fluctuations are dominated by a single characteristic frequency which has a power law T-dependence indicative of fluctuations due to electron-acoustic phonon interactions.

Coupled electron-phonon transport from molecular dynamics with quantum baths

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Lu, Jing Tao; Wang, J. S.

2009-01-01

Based on generalized quantum Langevin equations for the tight-binding wavefunction amplitudes and lattice displacements, electron and phonon quantum transport are obtained exactly using molecular dynamics (MD) in the ballistic regime. The electron-phonon interactions can be handled with a quasi...

Flexural phonon limited phonon drag thermopower in bilayer graphene

Science.gov (United States)

Ansari, Mohd Meenhaz; Ashraf, SSZ

2018-05-01

We investigate the phonon drag thermopower from flexural phonons as a function of electron temperature and carrier concentration in the Bloch-Gruneisen regime in non-strained bilayer graphene using Boltzmann transport equation approach. The flexural phonons are expected to be the major source of intrinsic scattering mechanism in unstrained bilayer graphene due to their large density. The flexural phonon modes dispersion relation is quadratic so these low energy flexural phonons abound at room temperature and as a result deform the bilayer graphene sheet in the out of plane direction and affects the transport properties. We also produce analytical result for phonon-drag thermopower from flexural phonons and find that phonon-drag thermopower depicts T2 dependence on temperature and n-1 on carrier concentration.

Tunable spin-charge conversion through topological phase transitions in zigzag nanoribbons

KAUST Repository

Li, Hang

2016-06-29

We study spin-orbit torques and charge pumping in magnetic quasi-one-dimensional zigzag nanoribbons with a hexagonal lattice, in the presence of large intrinsic spin-orbit coupling. Such a system experiences a topological phase transition from a trivial band insulator to a quantum spin Hall insulator by tuning of either the magnetization direction or the intrinsic spin-orbit coupling. We find that the spin-charge conversion efficiency (i.e., spin-orbit torque and charge pumping) is dramatically enhanced at the topological transition, displaying a substantial angular anisotropy.

Tunable spin-charge conversion through topological phase transitions in zigzag nanoribbons

KAUST Repository

Li, Hang; Manchon, Aurelien

2016-01-01

We study spin-orbit torques and charge pumping in magnetic quasi-one-dimensional zigzag nanoribbons with a hexagonal lattice, in the presence of large intrinsic spin-orbit coupling. Such a system experiences a topological phase transition from a trivial band insulator to a quantum spin Hall insulator by tuning of either the magnetization direction or the intrinsic spin-orbit coupling. We find that the spin-charge conversion efficiency (i.e., spin-orbit torque and charge pumping) is dramatically enhanced at the topological transition, displaying a substantial angular anisotropy.

Bose-Einstein condensate in an optical lattice with Raman-assisted two-dimensional spin-orbit coupling

Science.gov (United States)

Pan, Jian-Song; Zhang, Wei; Yi, Wei; Guo, Guang-Can

2016-10-01

In a recent experiment (Z. Wu, L. Zhang, W. Sun, X.-T. Xu, B.-Z. Wang, S.-C. Ji, Y. Deng, S. Chen, X.-J. Liu, and J.-W. Pan, arXiv:1511.08170 [cond-mat.quant-gas]), a Raman-assisted two-dimensional spin-orbit coupling has been realized for a Bose-Einstein condensate in an optical lattice potential. In light of this exciting progress, we study in detail key properties of the system. As the Raman lasers inevitably couple atoms to high-lying bands, the behaviors of the system in both the single- and many-particle sectors are significantly affected. In particular, the high-band effects enhance the plane-wave phase and lead to the emergence of "roton" gaps at low Zeeman fields. Furthermore, we identify high-band-induced topological phase boundaries in both the single-particle and the quasiparticle spectra. We then derive an effective two-band model, which captures the high-band physics in the experimentally relevant regime. Our results not only offer valuable insights into the two-dimensional lattice spin-orbit coupling, but also provide a systematic formalism to model high-band effects in lattice systems with Raman-assisted spin-orbit couplings.

Ultrahigh lattice thermal conductivity in topological semimetal TaN caused by a large acoustic-optical gap.

Science.gov (United States)

Guo, San-Dong; Liu, Bang-Gui

2018-03-14

Topological semimetals may have potential applications such as in topological qubits, spintronics and quantum computations. Efficient heat dissipation is a key factor for the reliability and stability of topological semimetal-based nano-electronics devices, which is closely related to high thermal conductivity. In this work, the elastic properties and lattice thermal conductivity of TaN are investigated using first-principles calculations and the linearized phonon Boltzmann equation within the single-mode relaxation time approximation. According to the calculated bulk modulus, shear modulus and C 44 , TaN can be regarded as a potential incompressible and hard material. The room-temperature lattice thermal conductivity is predicted to be 838.62 [Formula: see text] along the a axis and 1080.40 [Formula: see text] along the c axis, showing very strong anisotropy. It is found that the lattice thermal conductivity of TaN is several tens of times higher than other topological semimetals, such as TaAs, MoP and ZrTe, which is due to the very longer phonon lifetimes for TaN than other topological semimetals. The very different atomic masses of Ta and N atoms lead to a very large acoustic-optical band gap, and then prohibit the scattering between acoustic and optical phonon modes, which gives rise to very long phonon lifetimes. Calculated results show that isotope scattering has little effect on lattice thermal conductivity, and that phonons with mean free paths larger than 20 (80) [Formula: see text] along the c direction at 300 K have little contribution to the total lattice thermal conductivity. This work implies that TaN-based nano-electronics devices may be more stable and reliable due to efficient heat dissipation, and motivates further experimental works to study lattice thermal conductivity of TaN.

Ultrahigh lattice thermal conductivity in topological semimetal TaN caused by a large acoustic-optical gap

Science.gov (United States)

Guo, San-Dong; Liu, Bang-Gui

2018-03-01

Topological semimetals may have potential applications such as in topological qubits, spintronics and quantum computations. Efficient heat dissipation is a key factor for the reliability and stability of topological semimetal-based nano-electronics devices, which is closely related to high thermal conductivity. In this work, the elastic properties and lattice thermal conductivity of TaN are investigated using first-principles calculations and the linearized phonon Boltzmann equation within the single-mode relaxation time approximation. According to the calculated bulk modulus, shear modulus and C 44, TaN can be regarded as a potential incompressible and hard material. The room-temperature lattice thermal conductivity is predicted to be 838.62 W~m-1~K^{-1} along the a axis and 1080.40 W~m-1~K^{-1} along the c axis, showing very strong anisotropy. It is found that the lattice thermal conductivity of TaN is several tens of times higher than other topological semimetals, such as TaAs, MoP and ZrTe, which is due to the very longer phonon lifetimes for TaN than other topological semimetals. The very different atomic masses of Ta and N atoms lead to a very large acoustic-optical band gap, and then prohibit the scattering between acoustic and optical phonon modes, which gives rise to very long phonon lifetimes. Calculated results show that isotope scattering has little effect on lattice thermal conductivity, and that phonons with mean free paths larger than 20 (80) μm along the c direction at 300 K have little contribution to the total lattice thermal conductivity. This work implies that TaN-based nano-electronics devices may be more stable and reliable due to efficient heat dissipation, and motivates further experimental works to study lattice thermal conductivity of TaN.

Effects of disorder on atomic density waves and spin-singlet dimers in one-dimensional optical lattices

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gao Xianlong

2008-01-01

Using the Bethe-ansatz density-functional theory, we study a one-dimensional Hubbard model of confined attractively interacting fermions in the presence of a uniformly distributed disorder. The strongly correlated Luther-Emery nature of the attractive one-dimensional Hubbard model is fully taken into account as the reference system in the density-functional theory. The effects of the disorder are investigated on the atomic density waves in the weak-to-intermediate attractive interaction and on the spin-singlet dimers of doubly occupied sites in the strongly attractive regime. It is found that atomic density waves are sensitive to the disorder and the spin-singlet dimers of doubly occupied sites are quite unstable against the disorder. We also show that a very weak disorder could smear the singularities in the stiffness, thus, suppresses the spin-singlet pairs

NMR studies of spin dynamics in cuprates

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Takigawa, M.; Mitzi, D.B.

1994-01-01

The authors report recent NMR results in cuprates. The oxygen Knight shift and the Cu nuclear spin-lattice relaxation rate in Bi 2.1 Sr 1.94 Ca 0.88 Cu 2.07 O 8+σ single crystals revealed a gapless superconducting state, which can be most naturally explained by a d-wave pairing state and the intrinsic disorder in this material. The Cu nuclear spin-spin relaxation rate in underdoped YBa 2 Cu 3 O 6.63 shows distinct temperature dependence from the spin-lattice relaxation rate, providing direct evidence for a pseudo spin-gap near the antiferromagnetic wave vector

NMR studies of spin dynamics in cuprates

Science.gov (United States)

Takigawa, M.; Mitzi, D. B.

1994-04-01

We report recent NMR results in cuprates. The oxygen Knight shift and the Cu nuclear spin-lattice relaxation rate in Bi2.1Sr1.94Ca0.88Cu2.07O8+δ single crystals revealed a gapless superconducting state, which can be most naturally explained by a d-wave pairing state and the intrinsic disorder in this material. The Cu nuclear spin-spin relaxation rate in underdoped YBa2Cu3O6.63 shows distinct temperature dependence from the spin-lattice relaxation rate, providing direct evidence for a pseudo spin-gap near the antiferromagnetic wave vector.

Energetic and dynamical instability of spin-orbit coupled Bose-Einstein condensate in a deep optical lattice

Science.gov (United States)

Yu, Zi-Fa; Chai, Xu-Dan; Xue, Ju-Kui

2018-05-01

We investigate the energetic and dynamical instability of spin-orbit coupled Bose-Einstein condensate in a deep optical lattice via a tight-binding model. The stability phase diagram is completely revealed in full parameter space, while the dependence of superfluidity on the dispersion relation is illustrated explicitly. In the absence of spin-orbit coupling, the superfluidity only exists in the center of the Brillouin zone. However, the combination of spin-orbit coupling, Zeeman field, nonlinearity and optical lattice potential can modify the dispersion relation of the system, and change the position of Brillouin zone for generating the superfluidity. Thus, the superfluidity can appear in either the center or the other position of the Brillouin zone. Namely, in the center of the Brillouin zone, the system is either superfluid or Landau unstable, which depends on the momentum of the lowest energy. Therefore, the superfluidity can occur at optional position of the Brillouin zone by elaborating spin-orbit coupling, Zeeman splitting, nonlinearity and optical lattice potential. For the linear case, the system is always dynamically stable, however, the nonlinearity can induce the dynamical instability, and also expand the superfluid region. These predicted results can provide a theoretical evidence for exploring the superfluidity of the system experimentally.

Illuminating "spin-polarized" Bloch wave-function projection from degenerate bands in decomposable centrosymmetric lattices

Science.gov (United States)

Li, Pengke; Appelbaum, Ian

2018-03-01

The combination of space inversion and time-reversal symmetries results in doubly degenerate Bloch states with opposite spin. Many lattices with these symmetries can be constructed by combining a noncentrosymmetric potential (lacking this degeneracy) with its inverted copy. Using simple models, we unravel the evolution of local spin splitting during this process of inversion symmetry restoration, in the presence of spin-orbit interaction and sublattice coupling. Importantly, through an analysis of quantum mechanical commutativity, we examine the difficulty of identifying states that are simultaneously spatially segregated and spin polarized. We also explain how surface-sensitive experimental probes (such as angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy, or ARPES) of "hidden spin polarization" in layered materials are susceptible to unrelated spin splitting intrinsically induced by broken inversion symmetry at the surface.

Magnetic ground state and magnon-phonon interaction in multiferroic h -YMnO3

Science.gov (United States)

Holm, S. L.; Kreisel, A.; Schäffer, T. K.; Bakke, A.; Bertelsen, M.; Hansen, U. B.; Retuerto, M.; Larsen, J.; Prabhakaran, D.; Deen, P. P.; Yamani, Z.; Birk, J. O.; Stuhr, U.; Niedermayer, Ch.; Fennell, A. L.; Andersen, B. M.; Lefmann, K.

2018-04-01

Inelastic neutron scattering has been used to study the magnetoelastic excitations in the multiferroic manganite hexagonal YMnO3. An avoided crossing is found between magnon and phonon modes close to the Brillouin zone boundary in the (a ,b ) plane. Neutron polarization analysis reveals that this mode has mixed magnon-phonon character. An external magnetic field along the c axis is observed to cause a linear field-induced splitting of one of the spin-wave branches. A theoretical description is performed, using a Heisenberg model of localized spins, acoustic phonon modes, and a magnetoelastic coupling via the single-ion magnetostriction. The model quantitatively reproduces the dispersion and intensities of all modes in the full Brillouin zone, describes the observed magnon-phonon hybridized modes, and quantifies the magnetoelastic coupling. The combined information, including the field-induced magnon splitting, allows us to exclude several of the earlier proposed models and point to the correct magnetic ground state symmetry, and provides an effective dynamic model relevant for the multiferroic hexagonal manganites.

Nearly Deconfined Spinon Excitations in the Square-Lattice Spin-1/2 Heisenberg Antiferromagnet

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Hui Shao

2017-12-01

Full Text Available We study the spin-excitation spectrum (dynamic structure factor of the spin-1/2 square-lattice Heisenberg antiferromagnet and an extended model (the J-Q model including four-spin interactions Q in addition to the Heisenberg exchange J. Using an improved method for stochastic analytic continuation of imaginary-time correlation functions computed with quantum Monte Carlo simulations, we can treat the sharp (δ-function contribution to the structure factor expected from spin-wave (magnon excitations, in addition to resolving a continuum above the magnon energy. Spectra for the Heisenberg model are in excellent agreement with recent neutron-scattering experiments on Cu(DCOO_{2}·4D_{2}O, where a broad spectral-weight continuum at wave vector q=(π,0 was interpreted as deconfined spinons, i.e., fractional excitations carrying half of the spin of a magnon. Our results at (π,0 show a similar reduction of the magnon weight and a large continuum, while the continuum is much smaller at q=(π/2,π/2 (as also seen experimentally. We further investigate the reasons for the small magnon weight at (π,0 and the nature of the corresponding excitation by studying the evolution of the spectral functions in the J-Q model. Upon turning on the Q interaction, we observe a rapid reduction of the magnon weight to zero, well before the system undergoes a deconfined quantum phase transition into a nonmagnetic spontaneously dimerized state. Based on these results, we reinterpret the picture of deconfined spinons at (π,0 in the experiments as nearly deconfined spinons—a precursor to deconfined quantum criticality. To further elucidate the picture of a fragile (π,0-magnon pole in the Heisenberg model and its depletion in the J-Q model, we introduce an effective model of the excitations in which a magnon can split into two spinons that do not separate but fluctuate in and out of the magnon space (in analogy to the resonance between a photon and a particle-hole pair in

A model of spin crossover in manganese(III) compounds: effects of intra- and intercenter interactions.

Science.gov (United States)

Klokishner, Sophia I; Roman, Marianna A; Reu, Oleg S

2011-11-21

A microscopic approach to the problem of cooperative spin crossover in the [MnL2]NO3 crystal, which contains Mn(III) ions as structural units, is elaborated on, and the main mechanisms governing this effect are revealed. The proposed model also takes into account the splitting of the low-spin 3T1 (t(2)(4)) and high-spin 5E (t(2)(3)e) terms by the low-symmetry crystal field. The low-spin → high-spin transition has been considered as a cooperative phenomenon driven by interaction of the electronic shells of the Mn(III) ions with the all-around full-symmetric deformation that is extended over the crystal lattice via the acoustic phonon field. The model well explains the observed thermal dependencies of the magnetic susceptibility and the effective magnetic moment.

Unconventional phases in quantum spin and pseudospin systems in two dimensional and three dimensional lattices

Science.gov (United States)

Xu, Cenke

Several examples of quantum spin systems and pseudo spin systems have been studied, and unconventional states of matters and phase transitions have been realized in all these systems under consideration. In the p +/- ip superconductor Josephson lattice and the p--band cold atomic system trapped in optical lattices, novel phases which behave similarly to 1+1 dimensional systems are realized, despite the fact that the real physical systems are in two or three dimensional spaces. For instance, by employing a spin-wave analysis together with a new duality transformation, we establish the existence and stability of a novel gapless "critical phase", which we refer to as a "bond algebraic liquid". This novel critical phase is analogous to the 1+1 dimensional algebraic boson liquid phase. The reason for the novel physics is that there is a quasilocal gauge symmetry in the effective low energy Hamiltonian. In a spin-1 system on the kagome lattice, and a hard-core boson system on the honeycomb lattice, the low energy physics is controlled by two components of compact U(1) gauge symmetries that emerge at low energy. Making use of the confinement nature of the 2+1 dimensional compact gauge theories and the powerful duality between gauge theories and height field theories, the crystalline phase diagrams are studied for both systems, and the transitions to other phases are also considered. These phase diagrams might be accessible in strongly correlated materials, or atomic systems in optical lattices. A novel quantum ground state of matter is realized in a bosonic model on three dimensional fcc lattice with emergent low energy excitations. The novel phase obtained is a stable gapless boson liquid phase, with algebraic boson density correlations. The stability of this phase is protected against the instanton effect and superfluidity by self-duality and large gauge symmetries on both sides of the duality. The gapless collective excitations of this phase closely resemble the

Acoustic modes of the phonon dispersion relation of NbD/sub x/ alloys

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Rowe, J.M.; Vagelatos, N.; Rush, J.J.; Flotow, H.E.

1975-01-01

The acoustic modes of the phonon dispersion relation in Nb, NbD 0 . 15 , and NbD 0 . 45 were measured at 473 0 K for phonons with wave vectors along the [100], [110], and [111] axes by coherent neutron scattering. The observed neutron groups for both alloys were well defined, with little or no apparent broadening. Results are compared to similar data for Nb--Mo alloys and with previous lattice-dynamics results for PdD 0 . 63 . This comparison shows that despite differences in detail, the general features of the dispersion relations of NbD/sub x/ and Nb--Mo are similar after allowing for the differences in lattice parameters for the two alloys. The measured dispersion curves and derived phonon frequency distributions for the Nb--D alloys are quite different from the analogous results for PdD 0 . 63 in that the average acoustic phonon frequencies increase with increasing deuterium concentration and lattice parameter

Lattice thermal conductivity of LaSe

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Li, Wei, E-mail: tolwwt@163.com [School of Physics and Telecommunication Engineering, South China Normal University, 510006 Guangzhou (China); Pan, Zhong-liang; Chen, Jun-fang; He, Qin-yu [School of Physics and Telecommunication Engineering, South China Normal University, 510006 Guangzhou (China); Wang, Teng [School of Computer, South China Normal University, 510631 Guangzhou (China)

2015-07-15

The phonon dispersions and phonon density of states of LaSe are obtained, based on density functional perturbation theory and the norm-conserving pseudo-potential method. An anomaly in calculated phonon dispersion curves is presented and interpreted as a Kohn anomaly. The heat capacity of LaSe is calculated then. For the three-phonon process scattering, the lowest non-harmonic cubic terms of the interatomic potential are considered to obtain single-phonon relaxation rate by applying the Fermi's golden rule. For the boundary scattering, the average phonon relaxation time was obtained. Considering two kinds of phonon scattering mechanisms, we obtain the lattice thermal conductivity of LaSe.

Spin-phonon and magnetostriction phenomena in CaMn7O12 helimagnet probed by Raman spectroscopy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Nonato, A.; Araujo, B. S.; Ayala, A. P.; Maciel, A. P.; Yanez-Vilar, S.; Sanchez-Andujar, M.; Senaris-Rodriguez, M. A.; Paschoal, C. W. A.

2014-01-01

In this letter, we investigated the temperature-dependent Raman spectra of CaMn 7 O 12 helimagnet from room temperature down to 10 K. The temperature dependence of the Raman mode parameters shows remarkable anomalies for both antiferromagnetic and incommensurate transitions that this compound undergoes at low temperatures. The anomalies observed at the magnetic ordering transition indicate a spin-phonon coupling at higher-temperature magnetic transition in this material, while a magnetostriction effect at the lower-temperature magnetic transition

Dynamics of attractively interacting Fermi atoms in one-dimensional optical lattices: Non-equilibrium simulations of fermion superfluidity

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Okumura, M., E-mail: okumura.masahiko@jaea.go.j [CCSE, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, 6-9-3 Higashi-Ueno, Taito-ku, Tokyo 110-0015 (Japan); CREST (JST), 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012 (Japan); Onishi, H. [Advanced Science Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Tokai, Ibaraki 319-1195 (Japan); Yamada, S. [CCSE, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, 6-9-3 Higashi-Ueno, Taito-ku, Tokyo 110-0015 (Japan); CREST (JST), 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012 (Japan); Machida, M. [CCSE, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, 6-9-3 Higashi-Ueno, Taito-ku, Tokyo 110-0015 (Japan); CREST (JST), 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012 (Japan) and JST, TRIP, Sambancho Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0075 (Japan)

2010-12-15

We study center of mass (CoM) motions of attractively interacting fermionic atoms loaded on an one-dimensional optical lattice confined by a harmonic potential at zero temperature by using adaptive time-dependent density-matrix renormalization-group method. We find that the CoM motions in weak and strong attraction show underdamped and overdamped motions, respectively, which are consistent with the experimental results of the CoM motion in the three-dimensional optical lattice. In addition, we find spin-imbalance effects on the CoM motion, which slow the CoM motion down.

Microstructure-Induced Phonon Focusing Effects and Opportunities for Improved Material Quantification (Postprint)

Science.gov (United States)

2012-02-01

phonon interactions with electrons , electron -hole pairs, defects, super- lattices, and interfaces [1-4]. As pointed out by Hauser et. al. [3], and...phonon-phonon and electron - phonon scattering processes placed limits on the methods applicability. More recently, the advantages of using lower...texture effects. In particular, the elongated grains result in colonies that are largely cigar -shaped or cylindrical in their form, where elastic

Inhomogeneity in the spin channel of ferromagnetic CMR manganites

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Heffner, R.H.; Sonier, J.E.; MacLaughlin, D.E.; Nieuwenhuys, G.J.; Mezei, F.; Ehlers, G.; Mitchell, J.F.; Cheong, S.-W

2003-02-01

Colossal magnetoresistance manganites are archetypes in which to study the strong coupling between spin, charge and lattice degrees of freedom in materials. We present muon spin-lattice relaxation data in ferromagnetic (FM) ground state materials from the manganite series La{sub 1-x}Ca{sub x}MnO{sub 3} and La{sub 1-x-y}Pr{sub y}Ca{sub x}MnO{sub 3}. These measurements reveal several characteristic relaxation modes arising from the strong spin-charge-lattice interactions. We also present results from neutron-spin-echo spectroscopy, which directly measures the spin-spin correlation function in a time domain comparable to {mu}SR. A qualitative model for the FM transition in the manganites involving microscopic phase separation is suggested by these data.

Optimization of the polarized Klein tunneling currents in a sub-lattice: pseudo-spin filters and latticetronics in graphene ribbons.

Science.gov (United States)

López, Luis I A; Yaro, Simeón Moisés; Champi, A; Ujevic, Sebastian; Mendoza, Michel

2014-02-12

We found that with an increase of the potential barrier applied to metallic graphene ribbons, the Klein tunneling current decreases until it is totally destroyed and the pseudo-spin polarization increases until it reaches its maximum value when the current is zero. This inverse relation disfavors the generation of polarized currents in a sub-lattice. In this work we discuss the pseudo-spin control (polarization and inversion) of the Klein tunneling currents, as well as the optimization of these polarized currents in a sub-lattice, using potential barriers in metallic graphene ribbons. Using density of states maps, conductance results, and pseudo-spin polarization information (all of them as a function of the energy V and width of the barrier L), we found (V, L) intervals in which the polarized currents in a given sub-lattice are maximized. We also built parallel and series configurations with these barriers in order to further optimize the polarized currents. A systematic study of these maps and barrier configurations shows that the parallel configurations are good candidates for optimization of the polarized tunneling currents through the sub-lattice. Furthermore, we discuss the possibility of using an electrostatic potential as (i) a pseudo-spin filter or (ii) a pseudo-spin inversion manipulator, i.e. a possible latticetronic of electronic currents through metallic graphene ribbons. The results of this work can be extended to graphene nanostructures.

A realistic analysis of the phonon growth characteristics in a degenerate semiconductor using a simplified model of Fermi-Dirac distribution

Science.gov (United States)

Basu, A.; Das, B.; Middya, T. R.; Bhattacharya, D. P.

2017-01-01

The phonon growth characteristic in a degenerate semiconductor has been calculated under the condition of low temperature. If the lattice temperature is high, the energy of the intravalley acoustic phonon is negligibly small compared to the average thermal energy of the electrons. Hence one can traditionally assume the electron-phonon collisions to be elastic and approximate the Bose-Einstein (B.E.) distribution for the phonons by the simple equipartition law. However, in the present analysis at the low lattice temperatures, the interaction of the non equilibrium electrons with the acoustic phonons becomes inelastic and the simple equipartition law for the phonon distribution is not valid. Hence the analysis is made taking into account the inelastic collisions and the complete form of the B.E. distribution. The high-field distribution function of the carriers given by Fermi-Dirac (F.D.) function at the field dependent carrier temperature, has been approximated by a well tested model that apparently overcomes the intrinsic problem of correct evaluation of the integrals involving the product and powers of the Fermi function. Hence the results thus obtained are more reliable compared to the rough estimation that one may obtain from using the exact F.D. function, but taking recourse to some over simplified approximations.

Study on lattice relaxation type transformation of (CuNi)sub(3-x) Alsub(1+x) alloy by inelastic neutron scattering

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kajitani, Tsuyoshi; Hirano, Ken-ichi

1975-01-01

Inelastic scattering experiment was carried out on (Cu Ni)sub(3-x)Alsub(1+x) alloy at room temperature. The sample was annealed in vacuum for two hours at 950 0 C, quenched in water at 0 0 C, and aged for about one year. The energy spectrum of scattered neutrons was measured by T-O-F method. The measurement was performed for phonons at reciprocal lattice point (2/3--3/4, 2/3--3/4, 0) corresponding to the period of static shearing deformation. The up-scattering peak (Pq 1) observed at 2 theta = 38 0 in case of -14.5 0 of incident beam direction has width of 14.8 MeV, and is not considered to be a coherent inelastic scattering peak. The up-scattering peak (Pq 2) of 9 0 of incident beam direction has width of 17.3 MeV. The peak Pq 1 is considered as quasi-elastic scattering. The reflection point in the reciprocal lattice space of elastic scattering waves at 2 theta = 38 0 in case of -14.5 0 incident angle is near the [1 1 1] reciprocal lattice point of DO 3 structure. In case of 9 0 incident angle, it is near the [1 0 0] point. As conclusions, (1) it is not said that only the shear waves on the axis are freezed in the martensite transformation of (CuNi)sub(3-x)Alsub(1+x) alloy, (2) an L mode quasi-elastic peak is seen near the [1 1 1] reciprocal lattice point, (3) a T mode phonon peak is observed near the [1 1 0] reciprocal lattice point, and (4) T mode phonons are seen near [1/2, 1/2, 1/2]. (Kato, T.)

Topologically robust sound propagation in an angular-momentum-biased graphene-like resonator lattice

Science.gov (United States)

Khanikaev, Alexander B.; Fleury, Romain; Mousavi, S. Hossein; Alù, Andrea

2015-10-01

Topological insulators do not allow conduction in the bulk, yet they support edge modes that travel along the boundary only in one direction, determined by the carried electron spin, with inherent robustness to defects and disorder. Topological insulators have inspired analogues in photonics and optics, in which one-way edge propagation in topologically protected two-dimensional materials is achieved breaking time-reversal symmetry with a magnetic bias. Here, we introduce the concept of topological order in classical acoustics, realizing robust topological protection and one-way edge propagation of sound in a suitably designed resonator lattice biased with angular momentum, forming the acoustic analogue of a magnetically biased graphene layer. Extending the concept of an acoustic nonreciprocal circulator based on angular-momentum bias, time-reversal symmetry is broken here using moderate rotational motion of air within each element of the lattice, which takes the role of the electron spin in determining the direction of modal edge propagation.

Microscopic theory for coupled atomistic magnetization and lattice dynamics

Science.gov (United States)

Fransson, J.; Thonig, D.; Bessarab, P. F.; Bhattacharjee, S.; Hellsvik, J.; Nordström, L.

2017-12-01

A coupled atomistic spin and lattice dynamics approach is developed which merges the dynamics of these two degrees of freedom into a single set of coupled equations of motion. The underlying microscopic model comprises local exchange interactions between the electron spin and magnetic moment and the local couplings between the electronic charge and lattice displacements. An effective action for the spin and lattice variables is constructed in which the interactions among the spin and lattice components are determined by the underlying electronic structure. In this way, expressions are obtained for the electronically mediated couplings between the spin and lattice degrees of freedom, besides the well known interatomic force constants and spin-spin interactions. These former susceptibilities provide an atomistic ab initio description for the coupled spin and lattice dynamics. It is important to notice that this theory is strictly bilinear in the spin and lattice variables and provides a minimal model for the coupled dynamics of these subsystems and that the two subsystems are treated on the same footing. Questions concerning time-reversal and inversion symmetry are rigorously addressed and it is shown how these aspects are absorbed in the tensor structure of the interaction fields. By means of these results regarding the spin-lattice coupling, simple explanations of ionic dimerization in double-antiferromagnetic materials, as well as charge density waves induced by a nonuniform spin structure, are given. In the final parts, coupled equations of motion for the combined spin and lattice dynamics are constructed, which subsequently can be reduced to a form which is analogous to the Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equations for spin dynamics and a damped driven mechanical oscillator for the ionic motion. It is important to notice, however, that these equations comprise contributions that couple these descriptions into one unified formulation. Finally, Kubo-like expressions for

Single-spin addressing in an atomic Mott insulator

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Weitenberg, Christof; Endres, Manuel; Sherson, Jacob

2011-01-01

directly monitored the tunnelling quantum dynamics of single atoms in the lattice prepared along a single line, and observed that our addressing scheme leaves the atoms in the motional ground state. The results should enable studies of entropy transport and the quantum dynamics of spin impurities...... and quantum spin dynamics. Here we demonstrate how such control can be implemented at the most fundamental level of a single spin at a specific site of an optical lattice. Using a tightly focused laser beam together with a microwave field, we were able to flip the spin of individual atoms in a Mott insulator...... with sub-diffraction-limited resolution, well below the lattice spacing. The Mott insulator provided us with a large two-dimensional array of perfectly arranged atoms, in which we created arbitrary spin patterns by sequentially addressing selected lattice sites after freezing out the atom distribution. We...

Anisotropic Born-Mayer potential in lattice dynamics of Vanadium

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Onwuagba, B.N.

1988-01-01

A microscopic theory of the lattice dynamics of the transition metal vanadium is developed based on the Animalu's transition metal model potential (TMMP). The Born-Mayer potential associated with the distribution of the transition metal d-electrons is treated as anisotropic. Good agreement with experimental phonon dispersion curves longitudinal branches in the [111] direction

Rotational Invariance of the 2d Spin - Spin Correlation Function

Science.gov (United States)

Pinson, Haru

2012-09-01

At the critical temperature in the 2d Ising model on the square lattice, we establish the rotational invariance of the spin-spin correlation function using the asymptotics of the spin-spin correlation function along special directions (McCoy and Wu in the two dimensional Ising model. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, 1973) and the finite difference Hirota equation for which the spin-spin correlation function is shown to satisfy (Perk in Phys Lett A 79:3-5, 1980; Perk in Proceedings of III international symposium on selected topics in statistical mechanics, Dubna, August 22-26, 1984, JINR, vol II, pp 138-151, 1985).

Superconductivity, spin fluctuations and lattice instability of V2ZrHsub(x)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Keiber, H.

1984-07-01

A calorimeter was reassembled in order to determine the specific heat of small specimens of only approx. 100 mg mass. The equipment has been so designed that measurements between 1.5 K and 30 K by the adiabatic method can be performed also in high external magnetic fields of 13 tesla. On the basis of calibration measurements on germanium at 0 and 13 tesla the upper limit of the measuring error can be given as proportional 2% with the possibility of resolving specific heats of 10 -7 joule/kelvin. The equipment was used to measure the specific heat of the V 2 ZrHsub(x) system. In combination with susceptibility and neutron scatter measurements individual Sommerfeld constants, γ, can be unequivocally attributed to the cubic and rhombohedral phases of V 2 Zr. The value of lambda of 2.6 obtained by comparison with calculations of the band structure is in contradiction to the measured transition temperature of only 8.7 K provided that exclusive electron-phonon interaction is assumed. This result and the minor change of the transition temperature following drastic change of γ after the cubic -> rhombohedral phase transition was assigned to the influence of spin fluctuations. A homogeneous hydrogen load of V 2 Zr is possible only above T proportional 260 k. Below this temperature the boundary of a two-phase domain is surpassed. With the help of measurements of the lattice constants as a function of the temperature is was possible to prepare a rough phase diagram. (orig.) [de

Resonantly enhanced spin-lattice relaxation of Mn2 + ions in diluted magnetic (Zn,Mn)Se/(Zn,Be)Se quantum wells

Science.gov (United States)

Debus, J.; Ivanov, V. Yu.; Ryabchenko, S. M.; Yakovlev, D. R.; Maksimov, A. A.; Semenov, Yu. G.; Braukmann, D.; Rautert, J.; Löw, U.; Godlewski, M.; Waag, A.; Bayer, M.

2016-05-01

The dynamics of spin-lattice relaxation in the magnetic Mn2 + ion system of (Zn,Mn)Se/(Zn,Be)Se quantum-well structures are studied using optical methods. Pronounced cusps are found in the giant Zeeman shift of the quantum-well exciton photoluminescence at specific magnetic fields below 10 T, when the Mn spin system is heated by photogenerated carriers. The spin-lattice relaxation time of the Mn ions is resonantly accelerated at the cusp magnetic fields. Our theoretical analysis demonstrates that a cusp occurs at a spin-level mixing of single Mn2 + ions and a quick-relaxing cluster of nearest-neighbor Mn ions, which can be described as intrinsic cross-relaxation resonance within the Mn spin system.

Separating inverse spin Hall voltage and spin rectification voltage by inverting spin injection direction

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Zhang, Wenxu, E-mail: xwzhang@uestc.edu.cn; Peng, Bin; Han, Fangbin; Wang, Qiuru; Zhang, Wanli [State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054 (China); Soh, Wee Tee; Ong, Chong Kim [Center for Superconducting and Magnetic Materials, Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117551 (Singapore)

2016-03-07

We develop a method for universally resolving the important issue of separating the inverse spin Hall effect (ISHE) from the spin rectification effect (SRE) signal. This method is based on the consideration that the two effects depend on the spin injection direction: The ISHE is an odd function of the spin injection direction while the SRE is independent on it. Thus, the inversion of the spin injection direction changes the ISHE voltage signal, while the SRE voltage remains. It applies generally to analyzing the different voltage contributions without fitting them to special line shapes. This fast and simple method can be used in a wide frequency range and has the flexibility of sample preparation.

One-phonon states in deformed nuclei for isoscalar and isovector interactions

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Malov, L.A.; Nesterenko, V.O.; Solov'ev, V.G.

1977-01-01

Extension of the formulas describing the one-phonon states of compound even-even deformed nuclei to the case when the isoscalar and isovector multipole-multipole forces are taken into account, is given. The formalism presented makes it possible to obtain an unified description of the low-lying states and gigantic multipole resonances. Procedure is developed which makes it possible to write down the reduced probability and energetically weighted sum rule in the form of force functions averaged over certain interval of energies. The procedure simplifies the calculations significantly and makes it possible to avoid solving the secular equation for energies of one-phonon states

One phonon resonant Raman scattering in semiconductor quantum wires: Magnetic field effect

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Betancourt-Riera, Re., E-mail: rbriera@posgrado.cifus.uson.mx [Instituto Tecnologico de Hermosillo, Avenida Tecnologico S/N, Colonia Sahuaro, C.P. 83170, Hermosillo, Sonor, (Mexico); Departamento de Investigacion en Fisica, Universidad de Sonora, Apartado Postal 5-088, C.P. 83190, Hermosillo, Sonora (Mexico); Betancourt-Riera, Ri. [Instituto Tecnologico de Hermosillo, Avenida Tecnologico S/N, Colonia Sahuaro, C.P. 83170, Hermosillo, Sonora (Mexico); Nieto Jalil, J.M. [Tecnologico de Monterrey-Campus Sonora Norte, Bulevar Enrique Mazon Lopez No. 965, C.P. 83000, Hermosillo, Sonora (Mexico); Riera, R. [Departamento de Investigacion en Fisica, Universidad de Sonora, Apartado Postal 5-088, C.P. 83190, Hermosillo, Sonora (Mexico)

2013-02-01

We have developed a theory of one phonon resonant Raman scattering in a semiconductor quantum wire of cylindrical geometry in the presence of an external magnetic field distribution, parallel to the cylinder axis. The effect of the magnetic field in the electron and hole states, and in the Raman scattering efficiency, is determinate. We consider the electron-phonon interaction using a Froehlich-type Hamiltonian, deduced for the case of complete confinement phonon modes by Comas and his collaborators. We also assume T=0 K, a single parabolic conduction and valence bands. The spectra are discussed for different magnetic field values and the selection rules for the processes are also studied.

Time-resolved lateral spin-caloric transport of optically generated spin packets in n-GaAs

Science.gov (United States)

Göbbels, Stefan; Güntherodt, Gernot; Beschoten, Bernd

2018-05-01

We report on lateral spin-caloric transport (LSCT) of electron spin packets which are optically generated by ps laser pulses in the non-magnetic semiconductor n-GaAs at K. LSCT is driven by a local temperature gradient induced by an additional cw heating laser. The spatio-temporal evolution of the spin packets is probed using time-resolved Faraday rotation. We demonstrate that the local temperature-gradient induced spin diffusion is solely driven by a non-equilibrium hot spin distribution, i.e. without involvement of phonon drag effects. Additional electric field-driven spin drift experiments are used to verify directly the validity of the non-classical Einstein relation for moderately doped semiconductors at low temperatures for near band-gap excitation.

ac spin-Hall effect

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Entin-Wohlman, O.

2005-01-01

Full Text:The spin-Hall effect is described. The Rashba and Dresselhaus spin-orbit interactions are both shown to yield the low temperature spin-Hall effect for strongly localized electrons coupled to phonons. A frequency-dependent electric field E(ω) generates a spin-polarization current, normal to E, due to interference of hopping paths. At zero temperature the corresponding spin-Hall conductivity is real and is proportional to ω 2 . At non-zero temperatures the coupling to the phonons yields an imaginary term proportional to ω. The interference also yields persistent spin currents at thermal equilibrium, at E = 0. The contributions from the Dresselhaus and Rashba interactions to the interference oppose each other

Electron spin-lattice relaxation in fractals

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Shrivastava, K.N.

1986-08-01

We have developed the theory of the spin-fracton interaction for paramagnetic ions in fractal structures. The interaction is exponentially damped by the self-similarity length of the fractal and by the range dimensionality d Φ . The relaxation time of the spin due to the absorption and emission of the fracton has been calculated for a general dimensionality called the Raman dimensionality d R , which for the fractons differs from the Hausdorff (fractal) dimensionality, D, as well as from the Euclidean dimensionality, d. The exponent of the energy level separation in the relaxation rate varies with d R d Φ /D. We have calculated the spin relaxation rate due to a new type of Raman process in which one fracton is absorbed to affect a spin transition from one electronic level to another and later another fracton is emitted along with a spin transition such that the difference in the energies of the two fractons is equal to the electronic energy level separation. The temperature and the dimensionality dependence of such a process has been found in several approximations. In one of the approximations where the van Vleck relaxation rate for a spin in a crystal is known to vary with temperature as T 9 , our calculated variation for fractals turns out to be T 6.6 , whereas the experimental value for Fe 3+ in frozen solutions of myoglobin azide is T 6.3 . Since we used d R =4/3 and the fracton range dimensionality d Φ =D/1.8, we expect to measure the dimensionalities of the problem by measuring the temperature dependence of the relaxation times. We have also calculated the shift of the paramagnetic resonance transition for a spin in a fractal for general dimensionalities. (author)

Investigation of the spin-lattice coupling in M n3G a1 -xS nxN antiperovskites

Science.gov (United States)

Shi, Kewen; Sun, Ying; Colin, Claire V.; Wang, Lei; Yan, Jun; Deng, Sihao; Lu, Huiqing; Zhao, Wenjun; Kazunari, Yamaura; Bordet, Pierre; Wang, Cong

2018-02-01

The magnetovolume effects (MVEs) of M n3G a1 -xS nxN antiperovskite compounds have been investigated by means of neutron powder diffraction. Increasing the Sn-doping content at the Ga site leads to the broadening of the magnetic phase transition temperature range and the thermal expansion behavior changes from negative to positive. We establish the relationship between the square of the ordered magnetic moment m2 and the volume variation Δ ωm for the antiferromagnetic phase (Γ5 g magnetic structure with rhombohedral symmetry R 3 ¯m ). The temperature variations of Δ ωm(T ) , m2(T ) and the magnetoelastic coupling constant C (T ) are also quantitatively analyzed according to the itinerant-electron theory. Moreover, the increase of the phonon contribution to the thermal expansion induced by Sn doping and the corresponding decrease of dm/dT are revealed to be the key parameters for tuning the MVEs. Our results allow elucidating and quantifying the mechanism of the spin-lattice coupling and can be used to design magnetic functional materials with controlled thermal expansion behaviors for specific applications.

Statistical mechanics of directed models of polymers in the square lattice

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Rensburg, E J Janse van

2003-01-01

Directed square lattice models of polymers and vesicles have received considerable attention in the recent mathematical and physical sciences literature. These are idealized geometric directed lattice models introduced to study phase behaviour in polymers, and include Dyck paths, partially directed paths, directed trees and directed vesicles models. Directed models are closely related to models studied in the combinatorics literature (and are often exactly solvable). They are also simplified versions of a number of statistical mechanics models, including the self-avoiding walk, lattice animals and lattice vesicles. The exchange of approaches and ideas between statistical mechanics and combinatorics have considerably advanced the description and understanding of directed lattice models, and this will be explored in this review. The combinatorial nature of directed lattice path models makes a study using generating function approaches most natural. In contrast, the statistical mechanics approach would introduce partition functions and free energies, and then investigate these using the general framework of critical phenomena. Generating function and statistical mechanics approaches are closely related. For example, questions regarding the limiting free energy may be approached by considering the radius of convergence of a generating function, and the scaling properties of thermodynamic quantities are related to the asymptotic properties of the generating function. In this review the methods for obtaining generating functions and determining free energies in directed lattice path models of linear polymers is presented. These methods include decomposition methods leading to functional recursions, as well as the Temperley method (that is implemented by creating a combinatorial object, one slice at a time). A constant term formulation of the generating function will also be reviewed. The thermodynamic features and critical behaviour in models of directed paths may be

Acoustic phonon dispersion of CoSi2

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Weiss, L.; Rumyantsev, A.Yu.; Ivanov, A.S.

1985-01-01

The acoustical phonon dispersion curves of CoSi 2 are measured at room temperature along the main symmetry directions by means of coherent one-phonon scattering of thermal neutrons. The dispersion curves are compared with those of Ge, Si, and the fluorite structure types as CaF 2 and UO 2 . From the slope of the phonon dispersion curves at the GAMMA-point the elastic constants have been obtained

A first principles calculations of structural, electronic, magnetic and dynamical properties of mononitrides FeN and CoN

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Soni, Himadri R.; Mankad, Venu; Gupta, Sanjeev K.; Jha, Prafulla K.

2012-01-01

Highlights: ► We present spin dependent bandstructure, structural and magnetic moment of FeN/CoN. ► The PDC, PHDOS, spin effect on phonons suggests ZB is preferred at ambient pressure. ► Spin calculation offers an opportunity to understand the role of spin on phonons. - Abstract: Using first principles density functional theoretical calculations, the present paper reports a systematic nonspin and spin polarized total energy calculations of the lattice dynamical and a number of other properties such as band structure, structural and magnetic moment of two mononitrides FeN and CoN. The phonon dispersion curves and phonon density of states in the case of FeN and CoN have been determined for the first time and discussed. The structural and dynamical calculations suggest that the zinc blende structure is preferred at ambient pressure for both compounds. The rocksalt FeN has a nonzero magnetic moment while for FeN in zinc blende phase, it is either zero or very small. The zinc blende phase for both compounds is nonmagnetic. The spin calculation offers an intensive opportunity to understand the role of spin on the phonon properties of two mononitrides. Majority of the modes are sensitive to the effect of spin due to the modification of lattice constant. In this work we reveal that spin modifies the interionic interactions and local structure and leads to a flexible lattice which can be used for the functional materials design.

Measurement of surface phonon dispersion relations for LiF, NaF, and KCl through energy-analysed inelastic scattering of a helium atomic beam

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Doak, R.B.

1981-01-01

A crystal surface terminates abruptly one dimension of lattice periodicity, constituting a lattice defect with concomitant localized modes of vibration, termed surface phonons. Such surface phonons have previously been investigated in the long wavelength, non-dispersive regime. The present work reports the first observation of surface phonons in the short wavelength, dispersive range. The data allow for the first time a surface phonon dispersion curve to be plotted completely from origin to edge of the surface Brillouin zone. Measurements were made of phonons along the (anti GAMMA anti M) and (anti GAMMA anti X) azimuths of the LiF(001) surface and along the azimuth of NaF(001) and KC1(001) surfaces. The results are in substantial agreement with theoretical predictions, although for LiF the measured Rayleigh dispersion curve at M lies appreciably below the theoretical value, possibly reflecting the effects of surface relaxation. (orig.)

Lattice dynamic properties of Rh2XAl (X=Fe and Y) alloys

Science.gov (United States)

Al, Selgin; Arikan, Nihat; Demir, Süleyman; Iyigör, Ahmet

2018-02-01

The electronic band structure, elastic and vibrational spectra of Rh2FeAl and Rh2YAl alloys were computed in detail by employing an ab-initio pseudopotential method and a linear-response technique based on the density-functional theory (DFT) scheme within a generalized gradient approximation (GGA). Computed lattice constants, bulk modulus and elastic constants were compared. Rh2YAl exhibited higher ability to resist volume change than Rh2FeAl. The elastic constants, shear modulus, Young modulus, Poisson's ratio, B/G ratio electronic band structure, total and partial density of states, and total magnetic moment of alloys were also presented. Rh2FeAl showed spin up and spin down states whereas Rh2YAl showed none due to being non-magnetic. The calculated total densities of states for both materials suggest that both alloys are metallic in nature. Full phonon spectra of Rh2FeAl and Rh2YA1 alloys in the L21 phase were collected using the ab-initio linear response method. The obtained phonon frequencies were in the positive region indicating that both alloys are dynamically stable.

First-Principles Lattice Dynamics Method for Strongly Anharmonic Crystals

Science.gov (United States)

Tadano, Terumasa; Tsuneyuki, Shinji

2018-04-01

We review our recent development of a first-principles lattice dynamics method that can treat anharmonic effects nonperturbatively. The method is based on the self-consistent phonon theory, and temperature-dependent phonon frequencies can be calculated efficiently by incorporating recent numerical techniques to estimate anharmonic force constants. The validity of our approach is demonstrated through applications to cubic strontium titanate, where overall good agreement with experimental data is obtained for phonon frequencies and lattice thermal conductivity. We also show the feasibility of highly accurate calculations based on a hybrid exchange-correlation functional within the present framework. Our method provides a new way of studying lattice dynamics in severely anharmonic materials where the standard harmonic approximation and the perturbative approach break down.

High-field study of the spin-Peierls system CuGeO{sub 3}

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Regnault, L P [CEA Centre d` Etudes de Grenoble, 38 (France)

1997-04-01

The one-dimensional spin-1/2 Heisenberg antiferromagnetic system coupled to a three-dimensional phonon field undergoes a structural distortion below a finite temperature T{sub sp} (spin-Peierls transition) which induces the formation of a non-magnetic singlet ground-state and the opening of a gap in the excitation spectrum at the antiferromagnetic point. The recent discovery of the germanate CuGeO{sub 3} as a spin-Peierls system has considerably renewed the interest is this fascinating phenomenon. Inelastic neutron scattering and neutron diffraction have brought very quantitative pieces of information which can be directly compared to the predictions of the standard model. (author). 6 refs.

A lattice calculation of the nucleon's spin-dependent structure function g2 revisited

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Goeckeler, M.; Rakow, P.E.L.; Schaefer, A.; Schierholz, G.

2000-11-01

Our previous calculation of the spin-dependent structure function g 2 is revisited. The interest in this structure function is to a great extent motivated by the fact that it receives contributions from twist-two as well as from twist-three operators already in leading order of 1/Q 2 thus offering the unique possibility of directly assessing higher-twist effects. In our former calculation the lattice operators were renormalized perturbatively and mixing with lower-dimensional operators was ignored. However, the twist-three operator which gives rise to the matrix element d 2 mixes non-perturbatively with an operator of lower dimension. Taking this effect into account leads to a considerably smaller value of d 2 , which is consistent with the experimental data. (orig.)

Improved spin wave theory: An application to the spin-1/2 antiferromagnetic Heisenberg model on a square lattice

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Tao, Ruibao.

1991-09-01

A method is developed to make a Bose transformation which is restricted in proper space. A self-consistent independent spin wave representation (SCISWR) is found for two dimensional isotropic antiferromagnet of Heisenberg square lattices. In the SCISWR, we have successfully done the renormalization from both the dynamic and kinematic interaction and calculated the corrections from the correlations of the nearest neighbour and next nearest neighbour sites. An anisotropic excitation energy of spin wave in improper space is found self-consistently and has a gap. The difficulty of divergence appearing from higher order perturbation terms in the conventional spin wave theory has been overcome and the convergence in our approach seems quite good. We find the energy of ground state E approx. -0.659 in low order approximation and the magnetization of sublattice M z = 0.430 x (N/2) for system with spin 1/2. It is also proved that a physical spin excitation restricted in proper space is still isotropic and has no gap. (author). 17 refs

Spin Diffusion and Spin Lattice Relaxation of Dipolar Order in Solids Containing Paramagnetic Impurities

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Furman, G.B.; Panich, A.M.; Goren, S.D.

1998-01-01

The phenomena of spin diffusion and spin lattice relaxation of nuclear dipolar order in solids containing paramagnetic impurities (PI) is considered. We show that at the beginning of the relaxation process the diffusion vanishing regime realizes with non-exponential time dependence, R(t) ∼ exp [- (t/T 1d ) α ], where T 1d ∼ C p -1/α , C p is PI's concentration. For a homogeneous distribution of Pis and nuclear spins, α=Q/6, where Q is the sample dimensionality; for an inhomogeneous distribution, the sample is divided into q-dimensional subsystems, each containing one PI, yield- ing α= (Q + q) /6. This result coincides with experimental data for CaF 2 doped with 0.8 - 10 -3 ωt % of Mn 2+ , where the non-exponential decay of the dipolar signal with α= 0.83 has been observed [3]. Fitting the experimental data yields a good agreement with T 1d = 66 ms . For another independent check of the obtained results we use dependence of the relaxation time on impurities concentration. In accordance that 1/α=1.2 , we have T 1d ∼ C p -1 '. 2 . Exactly this dependence on impurity concentration of the relaxation time has been found in the experiment. Then the relaxation regime starts as a non-exponential time dependent, proceed asymptotically to an to an exponential function of time, to so called diffusion limited relaxation regime with relaxation time T 1d D is inversely depends on impurities concentration. This kind of relaxation behavior of the dipolar order takes place in the experiment [2]. Using experimental results [2] from this two regime we can estimate the diffusion coefficient of the nuclear dipolar order in CaF 2 , which gives for typical values of impurity concentration C p ∼ 10 18 cm 3 the diffusion coefficient of dipolar order in the interval D ∼ 10 -11 -i- 10 -12 cm 2 /sec which is coincide to the case of Zeeman energy spin diffusion

Magnonic quantum spin Hall state in the zigzag and stripe phases of the antiferromagnetic honeycomb lattice

Science.gov (United States)

Lee, Ki Hoon; Chung, Suk Bum; Park, Kisoo; Park, Je-Geun

2018-05-01

We investigated the topological property of magnon bands in the collinear magnetic orders of zigzag and stripe phases for the antiferromagnetic honeycomb lattice and identified Berry curvature and symmetry constraints on the magnon band structure. Different symmetries of both zigzag and stripe phases lead to different topological properties, in particular, the magnon bands of the stripe phase being disentangled with a finite Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya (DM) term with nonzero spin Chern number. This is corroborated by calculating the spin Nernst effect. Our study establishes the existence of a nontrivial magnon band topology for all observed collinear antiferromagnetic honeycomb lattices in the presence of the DM term.

First principles analysis of lattice dynamics for Fe-based superconductors and entropically-stabilized phases

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hahn, Steven [Iowa State Univ., Ames, IA (United States)

2012-01-01

Modern calculations are becoming an essential, complementary tool to inelastic x-ray scattering studies, where x-rays are scattered inelastically to resolve meV phonons. Calculations of the inelastic structure factor for any value of Q assist in both planning the experiment and analyzing the results. Moreover, differences between the measured data and theoretical calculations help identify important new physics driving the properties of novel correlated systems. We have used such calculations to better and more e ciently measure the phonon dispersion and elastic constants of several iron pnictide superconductors. This dissertation describes calculations and measurements at room temperature in the tetragonal phase of CaFe{sub 2}As{sub 2} and LaFeAsO. In both cases, spin-polarized calculations imposing the antiferromagnetic order present in the low-temperature orthorhombic phase dramatically improves the agreement between theory and experiment. This is discussed in terms of the strong antiferromagnetic correlations that are known to persist in the tetragonal phase. In addition, we discuss a relatively new approach called self-consistent ab initio lattice dynamics (SCAILD), which goes beyond the harmonic approximation to include phonon-phonon interactions and produce a temperature-dependent phonon dispersion. We used this technique to study the HCP to BCC transition in beryllium.

Anharmonic phonons and magnons in BiFeO3

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Delaire, Olivier A [ORNL; Ma, Jie [ORNL; Stone, Matthew B [ORNL; Huq, Ashfia [ORNL; Gout, Delphine J [ORNL; Brown, Craig [National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST); Wang, Kefeng [Nanjing National Laboratory of Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing; Ren, Zhifeng [Boston College, Chestnut Hill

2012-01-01

The phonon density of states (DOS) and magnetic excitation spectrum of polycrystalline BiFeO3 were measured for temperatures 200 < T < 750K , using inelastic neutron scattering (INS). Our results indicate that the magnetic spectrum of BiFeO3 closely resembles that of similar Fe perovskites, such as LaFeO3, despite the cycloid modulation in BiFeO3. We do not find any evidence for a spin gap. A strong T-dependence of the phonon DOS was found, with a marked broadening of the whole spectrum, providing evidence of strong anharmonicity. This anharmonicity is corroborated by large amplitude motions of Bi and O ions observed with neutron diffraction. These results highlight the importance of spin-phonon coupling in this material.

Heat Transport in Gapped Spin-Chain Systems

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Shimshoni, E.

2006-01-01

Full Text: We study the contribution of magnetic excitations to the heat transport in gapped spin-chain systems. These systems are characterized by a substantially enhanced heat conductivity, which can be traced back to the existence of weakly violated conservation laws. We focus particularly on the behavior of clean two-leg spin ladder compounds, where one-dimensional exotic spin excitations are coupled to three-dimensional phonons. We show that the contributions of the two types of heat carriers can not be easily disentangled. Depending on the ratios of spin gaps and the Debye energy, the heat conductivity can be either exponentially increasing or exponentially decreasing as a function of temperature (T). In addition, the magnetic contribution to the total heat conductivity may be either positive or negative. We discuss its T-dependence in various possible regimes, and note that in most regimes it is dominated by spin-phonon drag: the two types of heat carriers have almost the

Statistical mechanics of directed models of polymers in the square lattice

CERN Document Server

Rensburg, J V

2003-01-01

Directed square lattice models of polymers and vesicles have received considerable attention in the recent mathematical and physical sciences literature. These are idealized geometric directed lattice models introduced to study phase behaviour in polymers, and include Dyck paths, partially directed paths, directed trees and directed vesicles models. Directed models are closely related to models studied in the combinatorics literature (and are often exactly solvable). They are also simplified versions of a number of statistical mechanics models, including the self-avoiding walk, lattice animals and lattice vesicles. The exchange of approaches and ideas between statistical mechanics and combinatorics have considerably advanced the description and understanding of directed lattice models, and this will be explored in this review. The combinatorial nature of directed lattice path models makes a study using generating function approaches most natural. In contrast, the statistical mechanics approach would introduce...

Quantum lattice model solver package HΦ. Applications to thermal and spin excitations in proximity of spin liquids

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Yamaji, Youhei; Misawa, Takahiro; Yoshimi, Kazuyoshi; Kawamura, Mitsuaki; Kawashima, Naoki; Todo, Synge

2017-01-01

HΦ is a program package based on the Lanczos-type method applicable to a broad range of quantum lattice models. HΦ has a flexible and simple-to-use interface, and runs efficiently on massively parallel computers. Unlike most existing packages, HΦ supports finite-temperature calculations. In this article, we apply HΦ to typical strongly correlated electron systems in proximity to quantum spin liquids. (author)

Physical properties of the spin Hamiltonian on honeycomb lattice samples with Kekulé and vacuum polarization corrections

Science.gov (United States)

Martins, Ricardo Spagnuolo; Konstantinova, Elena; Belich, Humberto; Helayël-Neto, José Abdalla

2017-11-01

Magnetic and thermodynamical properties of a system of spins in a honeycomb lattice, such as magnetization, magnetic susceptibility and specific heat, in a low-temperature regime are investigated by considering the effects of a Kekulé scalar exchange and QED vacuum polarization corrections to the interparticle potential. The spin lattice calculations are carried out by means of Monte Carlo simulations. We present a number of comparative plots of all the physical quantities we have considered and a detailed analysis is presented to illustrate the main features and the variation profiles of the properties with the applied external magnetic field and temperature.

Solitons as candidates for energy carriers in Fermi-Pasta-Ulam lattices

Science.gov (United States)

Ming, Yi; Ye, Liu; Chen, Han-Shuang; Mao, Shi-Feng; Li, Hui-Min; Ding, Ze-Jun

2018-01-01

Currently, effective phonons (renormalized or interacting phonons) rather than solitary waves (for short, solitons) are regarded as the energy carriers in nonlinear lattices. In this work, by using the approximate soliton solutions of the corresponding equations of motion and adopting the Boltzmann distribution for these solitons, the average velocities of solitons are obtained and are compared with the sound velocities of energy transfer. Excellent agreements with the numerical results and the predictions of other existing theories are shown in both the symmetric Fermi-Pasta-Ulam-β lattices and the asymmetric Fermi-Pasta-Ulam-α β lattices. These clearly indicate that solitons are suitable candidates for energy carriers in Fermi-Pasta-Ulam lattices. In addition, the root-mean-square velocity of solitons can be obtained from the effective phonons theory.

Chiral Spin-Density Wave, Spin-Charge-Chern Liquid, and d+id Superconductivity in 1/4-Doped Correlated Electronic Systems on the Honeycomb Lattice

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Shenghan Jiang

2014-09-01

Full Text Available Recently, two interesting candidate quantum phases—the chiral spin-density wave state featuring anomalous quantum Hall effect and the d+id superconductor—were proposed for the Hubbard model on the honeycomb lattice at 1/4 doping. Using a combination of exact diagonalization, density matrix renormalization group, the variational Monte Carlo method, and quantum field theories, we study the quantum phase diagrams of both the Hubbard model and the t-J model on the honeycomb lattice at 1/4 doping. The main advantage of our approach is the use of symmetry quantum numbers of ground-state wave functions on finite-size systems (up to 32 sites to sharply distinguish different quantum phases. Our results show that for 1≲U/t<40 in the Hubbard model and for 0.1spin-density wave state or a spin-charge-Chern liquid, but not a d+id superconductor. However, in the t-J model, upon increasing J, the system goes through a first-order phase transition at J/t=0.80(2 into the d+id superconductor. Here, the spin-charge-Chern liquid state is a new type of topologically ordered quantum phase with Abelian anyons and fractionalized excitations. Experimental signatures of these quantum phases, such as tunneling conductance, are calculated. These results are discussed in the context of 1/4-doped graphene systems and other correlated electronic materials on the honeycomb lattice.

Interrelation between the isoscalar octupole phonon and the proton-neutron mixed-symmetry quadrupole phonon in near-spherical nuclei

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Smirnova, N.A.; Van Isacker, P.; Smirnova, N.A; Pietralla, N.; Yale Univ., New Haven, CT; Mizusaki, T.

2000-01-01

The interrelation between the octupole phonon and the low-lying proton-neutron mixed-symmetry quadrupole in near-spherical nuclei is investigated. The one-phonon states decay by collective E3 and E2 transitions to the ground state and by relatively strong E1 and M1 transitions to the isoscalar 2 + 1 state. We apply the proton-neutron version of the Interacting Boson Model including quadrupole and octupole bosons (sdf-IBM-2). Two F-spin symmetric dynamical symmetry limits of the model, namely the vibrational and the γ-unstable ones, are considered. We derived analytical formulae for excitation energies as well as B(E1), B(M1), B(E2), and B(E3) values for a number of transitions between low-lying states. The model well reproduces many known transition strengths in the near spherical nuclei 142 Ce and 94 Mo. (authors)

Interrelation between the isoscalar octupole phonon and the proton-neutron mixed-symmetry quadrupole phonon in near-spherical nuclei

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Smirnova, N.A.; Van Isacker, P. [Grand Accelerateur National d' Ions Lourds (GANIL), 14 - Caen (France); Smirnova, N.A [Paris-11 Univ., 91 - Orsay (France). Centre de Spectrometrie Nucleaire et de Spectrometrie de Masse]|[Institute for Nuclear Physics, Moscow State University (Russian Federation); Pietralla, N. [Institut fur Kernphysik, Universitat zu Koln (Germany)]|[Yale Univ., New Haven, CT (United States). Wright Nuclear Structure Lab; Mizusaki, T. [Tokyo Univ. (Japan). Dept. of Physics

2000-07-01

The interrelation between the octupole phonon and the low-lying proton-neutron mixed-symmetry quadrupole in near-spherical nuclei is investigated. The one-phonon states decay by collective E3 and E2 transitions to the ground state and by relatively strong E1 and M1 transitions to the isoscalar 2{sup +}{sub 1} state. We apply the proton-neutron version of the Interacting Boson Model including quadrupole and octupole bosons (sdf-IBM-2). Two F-spin symmetric dynamical symmetry limits of the model, namely the vibrational and the {gamma}-unstable ones, are considered. We derived analytical formulae for excitation energies as well as B(E1), B(M1), B(E2), and B(E3) values for a number of transitions between low-lying states. The model well reproduces many known transition strengths in the near spherical nuclei {sup 142}Ce and {sup 94}Mo. (authors)

Topological phase transition in anisotropic square-octagon lattice with spin-orbit coupling and exchange field

Science.gov (United States)

Yang, Yuan; Yang, Jian; Li, Xiaobing; Zhao, Yue

2018-03-01

We investigate the topological phase transitions in an anisotropic square-octagon lattice in the presence of spin-orbit coupling and exchange field. On the basis of the Chern number and spin Chern number, we find a number of topologically distinct phases with tuning the exchange field, including time-reversal-symmetry-broken quantum spin Hall phases, quantum anomalous Hall phases and a topologically trivial phase. Particularly, we observe a coexistent state of both the quantum spin Hall effect and quantum anomalous Hall effect. Besides, by adjusting the exchange filed, we find the phase transition from time-reversal-symmetry-broken quantum spin Hall phase to spin-imbalanced and spin-polarized quantum anomalous Hall phases, providing an opportunity for quantum spin manipulation. The bulk band gap closes when topological phase transitions occur between different topological phases. Furthermore, the energy and spin spectra of the edge states corresponding to different topological phases are consistent with the topological characterization based on the Chern and spin Chern numbers.

Prospect of quantum anomalous Hall and quantum spin Hall effect in doped kagome lattice Mott insulators.

Science.gov (United States)

Guterding, Daniel; Jeschke, Harald O; Valentí, Roser

2016-05-17

Electronic states with non-trivial topology host a number of novel phenomena with potential for revolutionizing information technology. The quantum anomalous Hall effect provides spin-polarized dissipation-free transport of electrons, while the quantum spin Hall effect in combination with superconductivity has been proposed as the basis for realizing decoherence-free quantum computing. We introduce a new strategy for realizing these effects, namely by hole and electron doping kagome lattice Mott insulators through, for instance, chemical substitution. As an example, we apply this new approach to the natural mineral herbertsmithite. We prove the feasibility of the proposed modifications by performing ab-initio density functional theory calculations and demonstrate the occurrence of the predicted effects using realistic models. Our results herald a new family of quantum anomalous Hall and quantum spin Hall insulators at affordable energy/temperature scales based on kagome lattices of transition metal ions.

Quantum Monte Carlo Simulation of Frustrated Kondo Lattice Models

Science.gov (United States)

Sato, Toshihiro; Assaad, Fakher F.; Grover, Tarun

2018-03-01

The absence of the negative sign problem in quantum Monte Carlo simulations of spin and fermion systems has different origins. World-line based algorithms for spins require positivity of matrix elements whereas auxiliary field approaches for fermions depend on symmetries such as particle-hole symmetry. For negative-sign-free spin and fermionic systems, we show that one can formulate a negative-sign-free auxiliary field quantum Monte Carlo algorithm that allows Kondo coupling of fermions with the spins. Using this general approach, we study a half-filled Kondo lattice model on the honeycomb lattice with geometric frustration. In addition to the conventional Kondo insulator and antiferromagnetically ordered phases, we find a partial Kondo screened state where spins are selectively screened so as to alleviate frustration, and the lattice rotation symmetry is broken nematically.

Observation of the spin Peltier effect for magnetic insulators.

Science.gov (United States)

Flipse, J; Dejene, F K; Wagenaar, D; Bauer, G E W; Ben Youssef, J; van Wees, B J

2014-07-11

We report the observation of the spin Peltier effect (SPE) in the ferrimagnetic insulator yttrium iron garnet (YIG), i.e., a heat current generated by a spin current flowing through a platinum (Pt)|YIG interface. The effect can be explained by the spin transfer torque that transforms the spin current in the Pt into a magnon current in the YIG. Via magnon-phonon interactions the magnetic fluctuations modulate the phonon temperature that is detected by a thermopile close to the interface. By finite-element modeling we verify the reciprocity between the spin Peltier and spin Seebeck effect. The observed strong coupling between thermal magnons and phonons in YIG is attractive for nanoscale cooling techniques.

Lattice thermal conductivity of YBa2Cu3O7-δ

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Cohn, J.L.; Wolf, S.A.; Vanderah, T.A.; Selvamanickam, V.; Salama, K.

1992-01-01

We report a systematic study of the ab-plane thermal conductivity (K) on single crystal and liquid-phase processed (LPP) specimens of YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7-δ (δ≤0.16) in the temperature range 10 K ≤ T ≤ 300 K. From measurements of electrical conductivity on the same specimens and application of the Wiedemann-Franz law we estimate the relative contributions to the heat conduction from the carriers and the lattice. The normal-state phonon scattering mechanisms are quantified by calculations which employ the conventional theory of lattice heat conduction by longitudinal acoustic phonons. Differences in the magnitude and temperature dependence of K for the LPP and crystal specimens are accounted for by differences in the relative weight of phonon-defect, phonon-carrier, and phonon-phonon scattering. For all specimens phonon-defect scattering predominates throughout most of the temperature range. (orig.)

The nucleon spin and momentum decomposition using lattice QCD simulations

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Alexandrou, C.; Cyprus Univ., Nicosia; Constantinou, M.; Hadjiyiannakou, K.; Kallidonis, C.; Koutsou, G.; Jansen, K.; Wiese, K.; Vaquero Aviles-Casco, A.

2017-11-01

We determine within lattice QCD, the nucleon spin carried by valence and sea quarks, and gluons. The calculation is performed using an ensemble of gauge configurations with two degenerate light quarks with mass fixed to approximately reproduce the physical pion mass. We find that the total angular momentum carried by the quarks in the nucleon is J u+d+s =0.408(61) stat. (48) syst. and the gluon contribution is J g =0.133(11) stat. (14) syst. giving a total of J N =0.54(6) stat. (5) syst. consistent with the spin sum. For the quark intrinsic spin contribution we obtain (1)/(2)ΔΣ u+d+s =0.201(17) stat. (5) syst. All quantities are given in the MS scheme at 2 GeV. The quark and gluon momentum fractions are also computed and add up to left angle x right angle u+d+s + left angle x right angle g =0.804(121) stat. (95) syst. +0.267(12) stat. (10) syst. =1.07(12) stat. (10) syst. satisfying the momentum sum.

Influence of phonons on semiconductor quantum emission

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Feldtmann, Thomas

2009-07-06

A microscopic theory of interacting charge carriers, lattice vibrations, and light modes in semiconductor systems is presented. The theory is applied to study quantum dots and phonon-assisted luminescence in bulk semiconductors and heterostructures. (orig.)

Inverse Edelstein effect induced by magnon-phonon coupling

Science.gov (United States)

Xu, Mingran; Puebla, Jorge; Auvray, Florent; Rana, Bivas; Kondou, Kouta; Otani, Yoshichika

2018-05-01

We demonstrate a spin to charge current conversion via magnon-phonon coupling and an inverse Edelstein effect on the hybrid device Ni/Cu (Ag )/Bi 2O3 . The generation of spin current (Js≈108A/m2 ) due to magnon-phonon coupling reveals the viability of acoustic spin pumping as a mechanism for the development of spintronic devices. A full in-plane magnetic field angle dependence of the power absorption and a combination of longitudinal and transverse voltage detection reveals the symmetric and asymmetric components of the inverse Edelstein effect voltage induced by Rayleigh-type surface acoustic waves. While the symmetric components are well studied, asymmetric components still need to be explored. We assign the asymmetric contributions to the interference between longitudinal and shear waves and an anisotropic charge distribution in our hybrid device.

Geometric spin frustration for isolated plaquettes of the lattices: An extended irreducible tensor operator method

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wang Fan; Chen Zhida

2006-01-01

A new strategy to search for the good quantum numbers for the corner-sharing spin systems, as archetypal plaquettes of the lattices, was suggested for the first time in order to study on geometric spin frustration. The calculations on energy spectra by using the irreducible tensor operator method with the new strategy can be much reduced. As representative examples the energy spectra for the spin pentamer of the tetrahedron with a centered spin site and the spin heptamer of three corner-sharing equilateral-triangle were examined in order to confirm efficiency of the new strategy. Through our code, with automatically searching for the good quantum numbers, the projection operators S iz , S ix and S iy matrices in the ground state space for the spin heptamer were reliably constructed

Theory of open quantum systems with bath of electrons and phonons and spins: many-dissipaton density matrixes approach.

Science.gov (United States)

Yan, YiJing

2014-02-07

This work establishes a strongly correlated system-and-bath dynamics theory, the many-dissipaton density operators formalism. It puts forward a quasi-particle picture for environmental influences. This picture unifies the physical descriptions and algebraic treatments on three distinct classes of quantum environments, electron bath, phonon bath, and two-level spin or exciton bath, as their participating in quantum dissipation processes. Dynamical variables for theoretical description are no longer just the reduced density matrix for system, but remarkably also those for quasi-particles of bath. The present theoretical formalism offers efficient and accurate means for the study of steady-state (nonequilibrium and equilibrium) and real-time dynamical properties of both systems and hybridizing environments. It further provides universal evaluations, exact in principle, on various correlation functions, including even those of environmental degrees of freedom in coupling with systems. Induced environmental dynamics could be reflected directly in experimentally measurable quantities, such as Fano resonances and quantum transport current shot noise statistics.

Analytical methods applied to the study of lattice gauge and spin theories

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Moreo, Adriana.

1985-01-01

A study of interactions between quarks and gluons is presented. Certain difficulties of the quantum chromodynamics to explain the behaviour of quarks has given origin to the technique of lattice gauge theories. First the phase diagrams of the discrete space-time theories are studied. The analysis of the phase diagrams is made by numerical and analytical methods. The following items were investigated and studied: a) A variational technique was proposed to obtain very accurated values for the ground and first excited state energy of the analyzed theory; b) A mean-field-like approximation for lattice spin models in the link formulation which is a generalization of the mean-plaquette technique was developed; c) A new method to study lattice gauge theories at finite temperature was proposed. For the first time, a non-abelian model was studied with analytical methods; d) An abelian lattice gauge theory with fermionic matter at the strong coupling limit was analyzed. Interesting results applicable to non-abelian gauge theories were obtained. (M.E.L.) [es

Theoretical analysis of oscillatory terms in lattice heat-current time correlation functions and their contributions to thermal conductivity

Science.gov (United States)

Pereverzev, Andrey; Sewell, Tommy

2018-03-01

Lattice heat-current time correlation functions for insulators and semiconductors obtained using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations exhibit features of both pure exponential decay and oscillatory-exponential decay. For some materials the oscillatory terms contribute significantly to the lattice heat conductivity calculated from the correlation functions. However, the origin of the oscillatory terms is not well understood, and their contribution to the heat conductivity is accounted for by fitting them to empirical functions. Here, a translationally invariant expression for the heat current in terms of creation and annihilation operators is derived. By using this full phonon-picture definition of the heat current and applying the relaxation-time approximation we explain, at least in part, the origin of the oscillatory terms in the lattice heat-current correlation function. We discuss the relationship between the crystal Hamiltonian and the magnitude of the oscillatory terms. A solvable one-dimensional model is used to illustrate the potential importance of terms that are omitted in the commonly used phonon-picture expression for the heat current. While the derivations are fully quantum mechanical, classical-limit expressions are provided that enable direct contact with classical quantities obtainable from MD.

The spin-3/2 Blume-Capel model on the Bethe lattice using the recursion method

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Albayrak, Erhan; Keskin, Mustafa

2000-01-01

The spin-3/2 Blume-Capel model is solved on the Bethe lattice using the exact recursion equations. The nature of the variation of the Curie temperature with the ratio of the single-ion anisotropy term to the exchange-coupling constant is studied and the phase diagrams are constructed on the Bethe lattice with the co-ordination numbers q=3 and 6. A comparison is made with the results of the other approximation schemes

The spin-3/2 Blume-Capel model on the Bethe lattice using the recursion method

CERN Document Server

Albayrak, E

2000-01-01

The spin-3/2 Blume-Capel model is solved on the Bethe lattice using the exact recursion equations. The nature of the variation of the Curie temperature with the ratio of the single-ion anisotropy term to the exchange-coupling constant is studied and the phase diagrams are constructed on the Bethe lattice with the co-ordination numbers q=3 and 6. A comparison is made with the results of the other approximation schemes.

Analysis of spin crossover nanochains using parabolic approximation in the framework of atom–phonon coupling model

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Chiruta, D. [Groupe d’Etude de la Matiere Condensee (GEMAC), UMR 8635, CNRS, Universite de Versailles Saint Quentin, 45, Avenue des Etats-Unis, 78035 Versailles (France); Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science & Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology Laboratory (AMNOL), Stefan cel Mare University, Suceava 720229 (Romania); Jureschi, C.-M. [Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science & Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology Laboratory (AMNOL), Stefan cel Mare University, Suceava 720229 (Romania); Laboratoire d’Ingenierie des Systemes de Versailles (LISV), EA 4048, CNRS, Universite de Versailles Saint Quentin, 45, Avenue des Etats-Unis, 78035 Versailles (France); Linares, J., E-mail: jorge.linares@uvsq.fr [Groupe d’Etude de la Matiere Condensee (GEMAC), UMR 8635, CNRS, Universite de Versailles Saint Quentin, 45, Avenue des Etats-Unis, 78035 Versailles (France); Nasser, J. [Laboratoire d’Ingenierie des Systemes de Versailles (LISV), EA 4048, CNRS, Universite de Versailles Saint Quentin, 45, Avenue des Etats-Unis, 78035 Versailles (France); Rotaru, A. [Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science & Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology Laboratory (AMNOL), Stefan cel Mare University, Suceava 720229 (Romania)

2015-11-01

In this paper the atom–phonon coupling model is applied to explain and illustrate the behavior of a linear chain of molecules in the case of spin crossover (SCO) compounds. It is well known that besides the system's cooperativity which influences the hysteretic behavior of SCO complexes, the size of the system also plays a determinant role. The system's properties are analyzed using a parabolic algorithm as a new method proposed herein for the first time in order to take into account the phonon contribution. Based on exact calculations, this method is closer to the reality and more efficient than the mean-field approximation (MFA). In particular, both the parabolic algorithm and the dynamic-matrix method are tested and compared and it is shown from the analysis of the system's behavior that large size can be handled without generating all the system states. We also analyzed the role of degeneracy, and the thermal variation of both the entropy and heat capacity in the ferromagnetic-like coupling case.

Phonon-induced anomalous Raman spectra in undoped high-Tc cuprates

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lee, J.D.; Min, B.I.

1997-01-01

In order to describe a shoulder peak structure near 4J in the magnon Raman spectra of undoped high-T c cuprates, we have explored the phonon contribution to the Raman spectra. Incorporating the magnon-phonon Hamiltonian in the spin-wave theory, we have evaluated the two-magnon Raman spectral function originating from the lowest-order magnon-phonon-magnon scattering. It is found that phonons induce a shoulder peak near 4J besides the dominant two-magnon peak near 3J, in agreement with experiments. (orig.)

A study of lattice dynamics in iron-based superconductors by inelastic light scattering

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Um, Youngje

2013-12-13

After the discovery of high temperature (high T{sub c}) superconductivity in copper oxide-based materials (cuprates) in 1986, this phenomenon was a unique property of the cuprates for more than 20 years. The origin of high T{sub c} superconductivity is still under debate. In 2008, high T{sub c} superconductivity was discovered in iron-based compounds. This discovery presents new opportunities for the development of a fundamental understanding of high T{sub c} superconductivity. Density functional calculations indicate a weak electron-phonon coupling strength in iron-based superconductors and these suggest that superconductivity is not mediated by phonons. However, experimental report of a large isotope effect of the iron atoms on the superconductivity T{sub c} suggests that phonons play an important role in iron-based superconductors. Motivated by these findings, this thesis presents a Raman scattering study of the lattice dynamics of the iron-based superconductors Fe{sub 1+y}Te{sub 1-x}Se{sub x}, LiFeAs and NaFe{sub 1-x}Co{sub x}As as a function of chemical composition and temperature. In Fe{sub 1+y}Te{sub 1-x}Se{sub x}, an unconventional linewidth broadening of the c-axis polarized Fe phonon of B{sub 1g} symmetry is found with decreasing temperature, which indicates an unusual coupling between the phonon and iron excessinduced magnetic fluctuations in this compound. In LiFeAs, the Raman scattering data provide evidence for a weak electron-phonon coupling, which is consistent with non-phonon mediated Cooper pairing in this compound. In NaFe{sub 1-x}Co{sub x}As, upon cooling two features are observed: (i) an unconventional linewidth broadening of several phonons, which is indicative of spin fluctuation-phonon coupling, and (ii) a superconductivity-induced phonon lineshape renormalization, which can not be explained by standard model calculations.

Spin Waves in Terbium

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Jensen, J.; Houmann, Jens Christian Gylden; Bjerrum Møller, Hans

1975-01-01

with the symmetry, we deduce the dispersion relation for the spin waves in a basal-plane ferromagnet. This phenomenological spin-wave theory accounts for the observed behavior of the magnon energies in Tb. The two q⃗-dependent Bogoliubov components of the magnon energies are derived from the experimental results......, which are corrected for the effect of the direct coupling between the magnons and the phonons, and for the field dependence of the relative magnetization at finite temperatures. A large q⃗-dependent difference between the two energy components is observed, showing that the anisotropy of the two...

Open quantum spin systems in semiconductor quantum dots and atoms in optical lattices

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Schwager, Heike

2012-07-04

In this Thesis, we study open quantum spin systems from different perspectives. The first part is motivated by technological challenges of quantum computation. An important building block for quantum computation and quantum communication networks is an interface between material qubits for storage and data processing and travelling photonic qubits for communication. We propose the realisation of a quantum interface between a travelling-wave light field and the nuclear spins in a quantum dot strongly coupled to a cavity. Our scheme is robust against cavity decay as it uses the decay of the cavity to achieve the coupling between nuclear spins and the travelling-wave light fields. A prerequiste for such a quantum interface is a highly polarized ensemble of nuclear spins. High polarization of the nuclear spin ensemble is moreover highly desirable as it protects the potential electron spin qubit from decoherence. Here we present the theoretical description of an experiment in which highly asymmetric dynamic nuclear spin pumping is observed in a single self-assembled InGaAs quantum dot. The second part of this Thesis is devoted to fundamental studies of dissipative spin systems. We study general one-dimensional spin chains under dissipation and propose a scheme to realize a quantum spin system using ultracold atoms in an optical lattice in which both coherent interaction and dissipation can be engineered and controlled. This system enables the study of non-equilibrium and steady state physics of open and driven spin systems. We find, that the steady state expectation values of different spin models exhibit discontinuous behaviour at degeneracy points of the Hamiltonian in the limit of weak dissipation. This effect can be used to dissipatively probe the spectrum of the Hamiltonian. We moreover study spin models under the aspect of state preparation and show that dissipation drives certain spin models into highly entangled state. Finally, we study a spin chain with

Open quantum spin systems in semiconductor quantum dots and atoms in optical lattices

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Schwager, Heike

2012-01-01

In this Thesis, we study open quantum spin systems from different perspectives. The first part is motivated by technological challenges of quantum computation. An important building block for quantum computation and quantum communication networks is an interface between material qubits for storage and data processing and travelling photonic qubits for communication. We propose the realisation of a quantum interface between a travelling-wave light field and the nuclear spins in a quantum dot strongly coupled to a cavity. Our scheme is robust against cavity decay as it uses the decay of the cavity to achieve the coupling between nuclear spins and the travelling-wave light fields. A prerequiste for such a quantum interface is a highly polarized ensemble of nuclear spins. High polarization of the nuclear spin ensemble is moreover highly desirable as it protects the potential electron spin qubit from decoherence. Here we present the theoretical description of an experiment in which highly asymmetric dynamic nuclear spin pumping is observed in a single self-assembled InGaAs quantum dot. The second part of this Thesis is devoted to fundamental studies of dissipative spin systems. We study general one-dimensional spin chains under dissipation and propose a scheme to realize a quantum spin system using ultracold atoms in an optical lattice in which both coherent interaction and dissipation can be engineered and controlled. This system enables the study of non-equilibrium and steady state physics of open and driven spin systems. We find, that the steady state expectation values of different spin models exhibit discontinuous behaviour at degeneracy points of the Hamiltonian in the limit of weak dissipation. This effect can be used to dissipatively probe the spectrum of the Hamiltonian. We moreover study spin models under the aspect of state preparation and show that dissipation drives certain spin models into highly entangled state. Finally, we study a spin chain with

Raman scattering in cuprate superconductors : an analysis in the spin bag model

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Behera, S.N.; Gaitonde, D.M.

1992-01-01

The spin bag model for the high temperature superconductivity (SC) in the cuprates is reformulated, so that the spin density wave (SDW) collective mode mediated pairing interaction between the doped charge carriers, has a formal similarity to the usual phonon mediated BCS mechanism. The collective modes of the spin bag superconductor are calculated and the spectral density function for the amplitude mode is plotted. The self energy and the spectral density function of an optic phonon are calculated in the spin bag superconducting state. The spectral density function does not couple to the SDW-amplitude mode. A low frequency is shown to harden while the high frequency (greater than the SC-gap) one softens; which are features in qualitative agreement with the behaviour seen in the Raman data. When the phonon frequency is larger than the SC-gap, its spectral function shows a low frequency weak peak, attributed to the SC-gap excitation which is not observed experimentally. (author). 21 refs., 3 figs

The realization of Majorana fermions in Kitaev Quantum Spin Lattice

Science.gov (United States)

Do, Seung-Hwan; Park, Sang-Youn; Yoshitake, Junki; Nasu, Joji; Motome, Yukitoshi; Kwon, Y. S.; Adroja, D. T.; Voneshen, D.; Park, J.-H.; Choi, Kwang-Yong; Ji, Sungdae

The Kitaev honeycomb lattice is envisioned as an ideal host for Majorana fermions that are created out of the spin liquid background. Combining specific heat and neutron scattering experiments with theoretical calculations, here, we establish a hitherto unparalleled spin fractionalization to two species of Majorana fermions in the Kitaev material α-RuCl3. The specific heat data unveil a two-stage release of magnetic entropy by (R/2)ln2 and the T-linear dependence at intermediate temperatures. Our inelastic neutron scattering measurements further corroborate two distinct characters of fractionalized excitations: an Y-like, dispersive, magnetic continuum at higher energies and a dispersionless excitation at low energies around the Brillouin zone center. These dual features are well described by a Ferromagnetic Kitaev model, providing a smoking gun proof of the itinerant and localized Majorana fermions emergent in Kitaev magnets.

Elastic wave localization in two-dimensional phononic crystals with one-dimensional random disorder and aperiodicity

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Yan Zhizhong; Zhang Chuanzeng; Wang Yuesheng

2011-01-01

The band structures of in-plane elastic waves propagating in two-dimensional phononic crystals with one-dimensional random disorder and aperiodicity are analyzed in this paper. The localization of wave propagation is discussed by introducing the concept of the localization factor, which is calculated by the plane-wave-based transfer-matrix method. By treating the random disorder and aperiodicity as the deviation from the periodicity in a special way, three kinds of aperiodic phononic crystals that have normally distributed random disorder, Thue-Morse and Rudin-Shapiro sequence in one direction and translational symmetry in the other direction are considered and the band structures are characterized using localization factors. Besides, as a special case, we analyze the band gap properties of a periodic planar layered composite containing a periodic array of square inclusions. The transmission coefficients based on eigen-mode matching theory are also calculated and the results show the same behaviors as the localization factor does. In the case of random disorders, the localization degree of the normally distributed random disorder is larger than that of the uniformly distributed random disorder although the eigenstates are both localized no matter what types of random disorders, whereas, for the case of Thue-Morse and Rudin-Shapiro structures, the band structures of Thue-Morse sequence exhibit similarities with the quasi-periodic (Fibonacci) sequence not present in the results of the Rudin-Shapiro sequence.

Dynamic compensation temperature in the kinetic spin-1 Ising model in an oscillating external magnetic field on alternate layers of a hexagonal lattice

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Temizer, Umuet; Keskin, Mustafa; Canko, Osman

2009-01-01

The dynamic behavior of a two-sublattice spin-1 Ising model with a crystal-field interaction (D) in the presence of a time-varying magnetic field on a hexagonal lattice is studied by using the Glauber-type stochastic dynamics. The lattice is formed by alternate layers of spins σ=1 and S=1. For this spin arrangement, any spin at one lattice site has two nearest-neighbor spins on the same sublattice, and four on the other sublattice. The intersublattice interaction is antiferromagnetic. We employ the Glauber transition rates to construct the mean-field dynamical equations. Firstly, we study time variations of the average magnetizations in order to find the phases in the system, and the temperature dependence of the average magnetizations in a period, which is also called the dynamic magnetizations, to obtain the dynamic phase transition (DPT) points as well as to characterize the nature (continuous and discontinuous) of transitions. Then, the behavior of the total dynamic magnetization as a function of the temperature is investigated to find the types of the compensation behavior. Dynamic phase diagrams are calculated for both DPT points and dynamic compensation effect. Phase diagrams contain the paramagnetic (p) and antiferromagnetic (af) phases, the p+af and nm+p mixed phases, nm is the non-magnetic phase, and the compensation temperature or the L-type behavior that strongly depend on the interaction parameters. For D 0 >3.8275, H 0 is the magnetic field amplitude, the compensation effect does not appear in the system.

Dynamic compensation temperature in the kinetic spin-1 Ising model in an oscillating external magnetic field on alternate layers of a hexagonal lattice

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Temizer, Umuet [Department of Physics, Bozok University, 66100 Yozgat (Turkey); Keskin, Mustafa [Department of Physics, Erciyes University, 38039 Kayseri (Turkey)], E-mail: keskin@erciyes.edu.tr; Canko, Osman [Department of Physics, Erciyes University, 38039 Kayseri (Turkey)

2009-10-15

The dynamic behavior of a two-sublattice spin-1 Ising model with a crystal-field interaction (D) in the presence of a time-varying magnetic field on a hexagonal lattice is studied by using the Glauber-type stochastic dynamics. The lattice is formed by alternate layers of spins {sigma}=1 and S=1. For this spin arrangement, any spin at one lattice site has two nearest-neighbor spins on the same sublattice, and four on the other sublattice. The intersublattice interaction is antiferromagnetic. We employ the Glauber transition rates to construct the mean-field dynamical equations. Firstly, we study time variations of the average magnetizations in order to find the phases in the system, and the temperature dependence of the average magnetizations in a period, which is also called the dynamic magnetizations, to obtain the dynamic phase transition (DPT) points as well as to characterize the nature (continuous and discontinuous) of transitions. Then, the behavior of the total dynamic magnetization as a function of the temperature is investigated to find the types of the compensation behavior. Dynamic phase diagrams are calculated for both DPT points and dynamic compensation effect. Phase diagrams contain the paramagnetic (p) and antiferromagnetic (af) phases, the p+af and nm+p mixed phases, nm is the non-magnetic phase, and the compensation temperature or the L-type behavior that strongly depend on the interaction parameters. For D<2.835 and H{sub 0}>3.8275, H{sub 0} is the magnetic field amplitude, the compensation effect does not appear in the system.

Structural and phonon transmission study of Ge-Au-Ge eutectically bonded interfaces

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Knowlton, W.B.; Lawrence Berkeley Lab., CA

1995-07-01

This thesis presents a structural analysis and phonon transparency investigation of the Ge-Au-Ge eutectic bond interface. Interface development was intended to maximize the interfacial ballistic phonon transparency to enhance the detection of the dark matter candidate WIMPs. The process which was developed provides an interface which produces minimal stress, low amounts of impurities, and insures Ge lattice continuity through the interface. For initial Au thicknesses of greater than 1,000 angstrom Au per substrate side, eutectic epitaxial growth resulted in a Au dendritic structure with 95% cross sectional and 90% planar Au interfacial area coverages. In sections in which Ge bridged the interface, lattice continuity across the interface was apparent. Epitaxial solidification of the eutectic interface with initial Au thicknesses < 500 A per substrate side produced Au agglomerations thereby reducing the Au planar interfacial area coverage to as little as 30%. The mechanism for Au coalescence was attributed to lateral diffusion of Ge and Au in the liquid phase during solidification. Phonon transmission studies were performed on eutectic interfaces with initial Au thicknesses of 1,000 angstrom, 500 angstrom, and 300 angstrom per substrate side. Phonon imaging of eutectically bonded samples with initial Au thicknesses of 300 angstrom/side revealed reproducible interfacial percent phonon transmissions from 60% to 70%. Line scan phonon imaging verified the results. Phonon propagation TOF spectra distinctly showed the predominant phonon propagation mode was ballistic. This was substantiated by phonon focusing effects apparent in the phonon imaging data. The degree of interface transparency to phonons and resulting phonon propagation modes correlate with the structure of the interface following eutectic solidification. Structural studies of samples with initial Au thickness of 1,000 angstrom/side appear to correspond with the phonon transmission study

Structural and phonon transmission study of Ge-Au-Ge eutectically bonded interfaces

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Knowlton, W.B. [Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA (United States). Dept. of Materials Science and Mineral Engineering]|[Lawrence Berkeley Lab., CA (United States). Materials Sciences Div.

1995-07-01

This thesis presents a structural analysis and phonon transparency investigation of the Ge-Au-Ge eutectic bond interface. Interface development was intended to maximize the interfacial ballistic phonon transparency to enhance the detection of the dark matter candidate WIMPs. The process which was developed provides an interface which produces minimal stress, low amounts of impurities, and insures Ge lattice continuity through the interface. For initial Au thicknesses of greater than 1,000 {angstrom} Au per substrate side, eutectic epitaxial growth resulted in a Au dendritic structure with 95% cross sectional and 90% planar Au interfacial area coverages. In sections in which Ge bridged the interface, lattice continuity across the interface was apparent. Epitaxial solidification of the eutectic interface with initial Au thicknesses < 500 A per substrate side produced Au agglomerations thereby reducing the Au planar interfacial area coverage to as little as 30%. The mechanism for Au coalescence was attributed to lateral diffusion of Ge and Au in the liquid phase during solidification. Phonon transmission studies were performed on eutectic interfaces with initial Au thicknesses of 1,000 {angstrom}, 500 {angstrom}, and 300 {angstrom} per substrate side. Phonon imaging of eutectically bonded samples with initial Au thicknesses of 300 {angstrom}/side revealed reproducible interfacial percent phonon transmissions from 60% to 70%. Line scan phonon imaging verified the results. Phonon propagation TOF spectra distinctly showed the predominant phonon propagation mode was ballistic. This was substantiated by phonon focusing effects apparent in the phonon imaging data. The degree of interface transparency to phonons and resulting phonon propagation modes correlate with the structure of the interface following eutectic solidification. Structural studies of samples with initial Au thickness of 1,000 {angstrom}/side appear to correspond with the phonon transmission study.

Muon-spin rotation studies of the flux lattice in {kappa}-(BEDT-TTF){sub 2}Cu(SCN){sub 2}

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lee, S.L. [Saint Andrews Univ. (United Kingdom). Sch. of Phys. and Astron.; Blundell, S.J. [Oxford Univ. (United Kingdom). Dept. of Physics; Pratt, F.L. [RIKEN-RAL, Didcot (United Kingdom); Pattenden, P.A. [Oxford Univ. (United Kingdom). Dept. of Physics; Forgan, E.M. [Birmingham Univ. (United Kingdom). School of Physics and Space Research; Sasaki, T. [Tohoku Univ., Sendai (Japan). Inst. for Materials Research; Aegerter, C.M. [Zurich Univ. (Switzerland). Inst. fuer Physik; Hunt, M. [Zurich Univ. (Switzerland). Inst. fuer Physik; Chow, K.H. [Oxford Univ. (United Kingdom). Dept. of Physics; Hayes, W. [Oxford Univ. (United Kingdom). Dept. of Physics; Singleton, J. [Oxford Univ. (United Kingdom). Dept. of Physics; Keller, H. [Zurich Univ. (Switzerland). Inst. fuer Physik; Savic, I.M. [Zurich Univ. (Switzerland). Inst. fuer Physik

1997-02-15

Muon spin rotation ({mu}SR) studies of the vortex lattice in the superconductor {kappa}-(BEDT-TTF){sub 2}Cu(SCN){sub 2} have revealed a crossover from a quasi-2d to a vortex-line lattice structure for fields below a characteristic field B{sub cr}. The {mu}SR-lineshapes measured from the vortex-line lattice have allowed a re-evaluation of the in-plane penetration depth. (orig.)

Few quantum particles on one dimensional lattices

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Valiente Cifuentes, Manuel

2010-06-18

There is currently a great interest in the physics of degenerate quantum gases and low-energy few-body scattering due to the recent experimental advances in manipulation of ultracold atoms by light. In particular, almost perfect periodic potentials, called optical lattices, can be generated. The lattice spacing is fixed by the wavelength of the laser field employed and the angle betwen the pair of laser beams; the lattice depth, defining the magnitude of the different band gaps, is tunable within a large interval of values. This flexibility permits the exploration of different regimes, ranging from the ''free-electron'' picture, modified by the effective mass for shallow optical lattices, to the tight-binding regime of a very deep periodic potential. In the latter case, effective single-band theories, widely used in condensed matter physics, can be implemented with unprecedent accuracy. The tunability of the lattice depth is nowadays complemented by the use of magnetic Feshbach resonances which, at very low temperatures, can vary the relevant atom-atom scattering properties at will. Moreover, optical lattices loaded with gases of effectively reduced dimensionality are experimentally accessible. This is especially important for one spatial dimension, since most of the exactly solvable models in many-body quantum mechanics deal with particles on a line; therefore, experiments with one-dimensional gases serve as a testing ground for many old and new theories which were regarded as purely academic not so long ago. The physics of few quantum particles on a one-dimensional lattice is the topic of this thesis. Most of the results are obtained in the tight-binding approximation, which is amenable to exact numerical or analytical treatment. For the two-body problem, theoretical methods for calculating the stationary scattering and bound states are developed. These are used to obtain, in closed form, the two-particle solutions of both the Hubbard and

Few quantum particles on one dimensional lattices

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Valiente Cifuentes, Manuel

2010-01-01

There is currently a great interest in the physics of degenerate quantum gases and low-energy few-body scattering due to the recent experimental advances in manipulation of ultracold atoms by light. In particular, almost perfect periodic potentials, called optical lattices, can be generated. The lattice spacing is fixed by the wavelength of the laser field employed and the angle betwen the pair of laser beams; the lattice depth, defining the magnitude of the different band gaps, is tunable within a large interval of values. This flexibility permits the exploration of different regimes, ranging from the ''free-electron'' picture, modified by the effective mass for shallow optical lattices, to the tight-binding regime of a very deep periodic potential. In the latter case, effective single-band theories, widely used in condensed matter physics, can be implemented with unprecedent accuracy. The tunability of the lattice depth is nowadays complemented by the use of magnetic Feshbach resonances which, at very low temperatures, can vary the relevant atom-atom scattering properties at will. Moreover, optical lattices loaded with gases of effectively reduced dimensionality are experimentally accessible. This is especially important for one spatial dimension, since most of the exactly solvable models in many-body quantum mechanics deal with particles on a line; therefore, experiments with one-dimensional gases serve as a testing ground for many old and new theories which were regarded as purely academic not so long ago. The physics of few quantum particles on a one-dimensional lattice is the topic of this thesis. Most of the results are obtained in the tight-binding approximation, which is amenable to exact numerical or analytical treatment. For the two-body problem, theoretical methods for calculating the stationary scattering and bound states are developed. These are used to obtain, in closed form, the two-particle solutions of both the Hubbard and extended Hubbard models

Drones, quasi-spin or iso-spin. A comparison of many-body techniques for general spin

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

McKenzie, B.J.; Stedman, G.E.

1976-01-01

For an effective-spin system with 2S + 1 levels there are a number of possible mappings of spin onto pseudo-fermion operators. The relative merits of three of these methods are investigated by calculating to second order the dispersion relation for coupled spin-phonon modes in crystals containing S = 1 effective spin impurities. It is found that the drone formalism quickly becomes intractable at higher spin values, as does the related quasi-spin formalism developed in contrast with the iso-spin (or Abrinkosov projection) formalism. (author)

Study of Phonon Dispersion Relations in Cuprous Oxide by Inelastic Neutron Scattering

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Beg, M. M.; Shapiro, S. M.

1976-01-01

Phonon dispersion relations in Cu2O have been studied at 20°C using inelastic neutron scattering. Seven acoustic branches and twelve optical branches have been studied in detail in the three symmetry directions [00ζ], [ζζ0], and [ζζζ] of the cubic lattice. Four of the six zone-center phonons have...... been observed and the assignments and energies are confirmed as Γ25=87±2 cm-1, Γ12′=105±3 cm-1, Γ15=146±1 cm-1, and Γ2′≈347 cm-1. The dispersion relations agree only qualitatively with the rigid-ion-model calculations. It is suggested that more detailed calculations may be performed in the light...

Hypersonic phononic crystals.

Science.gov (United States)

Gorishnyy, T; Ullal, C K; Maldovan, M; Fytas, G; Thomas, E L

2005-03-25

In this Letter we propose the use of hypersonic phononic crystals to control the emission and propagation of high frequency phonons. We report the fabrication of high quality, single crystalline hypersonic crystals using interference lithography and show that direct measurement of their phononic band structure is possible with Brillouin light scattering. Numerical calculations are employed to explain the nature of the observed propagation modes. This work lays the foundation for experimental studies of hypersonic crystals and, more generally, phonon-dependent processes in nanostructures.

Phonon transport in a one-dimensional harmonic chain with long-range interaction and mass disorder

Science.gov (United States)

Zhou, Hangbo; Zhang, Gang; Wang, Jian-Sheng; Zhang, Yong-Wei

2016-11-01

Atomic mass and interatomic interaction are the two key quantities that significantly affect the heat conduction carried by phonons. Here, we study the effects of long-range (LR) interatomic interaction and mass disorder on the phonon transport in a one-dimensional harmonic chain with up to 105 atoms. We find that while LR interaction reduces the transmission of low-frequency phonons, it enhances the transmission of high-frequency phonons by suppressing the localization effects caused by mass disorder. Therefore, LR interaction is able to boost heat conductance in the high-temperature regime or in the large size regime, where the high-frequency modes are important.

Unconventional spin dynamics in the honeycomb-lattice material α -RuCl3 : High-field electron spin resonance studies

Science.gov (United States)

Ponomaryov, A. N.; Schulze, E.; Wosnitza, J.; Lampen-Kelley, P.; Banerjee, A.; Yan, J.-Q.; Bridges, C. A.; Mandrus, D. G.; Nagler, S. E.; Kolezhuk, A. K.; Zvyagin, S. A.

2017-12-01

We present high-field electron spin resonance (ESR) studies of the honeycomb-lattice material α -RuCl3 , a prime candidate to exhibit Kitaev physics. Two modes of antiferromagnetic resonance were detected in the zigzag ordered phase, with magnetic field applied in the a b plane. A very rich excitation spectrum was observed in the field-induced quantum paramagnetic phase. The obtained data are compared with the results of recent numerical calculations, strongly suggesting a very unconventional multiparticle character of the spin dynamics in α -RuCl3 . The frequency-field diagram of the lowest-energy ESR mode is found consistent with the behavior of the field-induced energy gap, revealed by thermodynamic measurements.

Parylene-C microfibrous thin films as phononic crystals

Science.gov (United States)

Chindam, Chandraprakash; Lakhtakia, Akhlesh; Awadelkarim, Osama O.

2017-07-01

Phononic bandgaps of Parylene-C microfibrous thin films ( μ\\text{FTF} s) were computationally determined by treating them as phononic crystals comprising identical microfibers arranged either on a square or a hexagonal lattice. The microfibers could be columnar, chevronic, or helical in shape, and the host medium could be either water or air. All bandgaps were observed to lie in the 0.01-162.9-MHz regime, for microfibers of realistically chosen dimensions. The upper limit of the frequency of bandgaps was the highest for the columnar μ\\text{FTF} and the lowest for the chiral μ\\text{FTF} . More bandgaps exist when the host medium is water than air. Complete bandgaps were observed for the columnar μ\\text{FTF} with microfibers arranged on a hexagonal lattice in air, the chevronic μ\\text{FTF} with microfibers arranged on a square lattice in water, and the chiral μ\\text{FTF} with microfibers arranged on a hexagonal lattice in either air or water. The softness of the Parylene-C μ\\text{FTF} s makes them mechanically tunable, and their bandgaps can be exploited in multiband ultrasonic filters.

Search for the Heisenberg spin glass on rewired square lattices with antiferromagnetic interaction

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Surungan, Tasrief, E-mail: tasrief@unhas.ac.id; Bansawang, B.J.; Tahir, Dahlang [Department of Physics, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, South Sulawesi 90245 (Indonesia)

2016-03-11

Spin glass (SG) is a typical magnetic system with frozen random spin orientation at low temperatures. The system exhibits rich physical properties, such as infinite number of ground states, memory effect, and aging phenomena. There are two main ingredients considered to be pivotal for the existence of SG behavior, namely, frustration and randomness. For the canonical SG system, frustration is led by the presence of competing interaction between ferromagnetic (FM) and antiferromagnetic (AF) couplings. Previously, Bartolozzi et al. [Phys. Rev. B73, 224419 (2006)], reported the SG properties of the AF Ising spins on scale free network (SFN). It is a new type of SG, different from the canonical one which requires the presence of both FM and AF couplings. In this new system, frustration is purely caused by the topological factor and its randomness is related to the irregular connectvity. Recently, Surungan et. al. [Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 640, 012001 (2015)] reported SG bahavior of AF Heisenberg model on SFN. We further investigate this type of system by studying an AF Heisenberg model on rewired square lattices. We used Replica Exchange algorithm of Monte Carlo Method and calculated the SG order parameter to search for the existence of SG phase.

Search for the Heisenberg spin glass on rewired square lattices with antiferromagnetic interaction

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Surungan, Tasrief; Bansawang, B.J.; Tahir, Dahlang

2016-01-01

Spin glass (SG) is a typical magnetic system with frozen random spin orientation at low temperatures. The system exhibits rich physical properties, such as infinite number of ground states, memory effect, and aging phenomena. There are two main ingredients considered to be pivotal for the existence of SG behavior, namely, frustration and randomness. For the canonical SG system, frustration is led by the presence of competing interaction between ferromagnetic (FM) and antiferromagnetic (AF) couplings. Previously, Bartolozzi et al. [Phys. Rev. B73, 224419 (2006)], reported the SG properties of the AF Ising spins on scale free network (SFN). It is a new type of SG, different from the canonical one which requires the presence of both FM and AF couplings. In this new system, frustration is purely caused by the topological factor and its randomness is related to the irregular connectvity. Recently, Surungan et. al. [Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 640, 012001 (2015)] reported SG bahavior of AF Heisenberg model on SFN. We further investigate this type of system by studying an AF Heisenberg model on rewired square lattices. We used Replica Exchange algorithm of Monte Carlo Method and calculated the SG order parameter to search for the existence of SG phase.

One- and two-phonon mixed-symmetry states in 94Mo in high-resolution electron and proton scattering

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Fujita, H.; Botha, N.T.; Burda, O.; Carter, J.; Fearick, R.W.; Foertsch, S.V.; Fransen, C.; Kuhar, M.; Lenhardt, A.; Neumann-Cosel, P. von; Neveling, R.; Pietralla, N.; Ponomarev, V.Yu.; Richter, A.; Scholten, O.; Sideras-Haddad, E.; Smit, F.D.; Wambach, J.

2007-01-01

High-resolution inelastic electron scattering experiments at the S-DALINAC and proton scattering experiments at iThemba LABS permit a thorough test of the nature of proposed one- and two-phonon symmetric and mixed-symmetric 2 + states of the nucleus 94 Mo. The combined analysis reveals the one-phonon content of the mixed-symmetry state and its isovector character suggested by microscopic calculations. The purity of two-phonon 2 + states is extracted

Debye temperatures of uranium chalcogenides from their lattice ...

Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

Unknown

From the phonon frequencies, their Debye temperatures are evaluated. Further, ... Keywords. Uranium chalcogenides; p-wave electronic superconductor; phonon frequency; Debye tempera- ture; spin ... to the ionic crystals of similar structure.

DFT-Assisted Polymorph Identification from Lattice Raman Fingerprinting.

Science.gov (United States)

Bedoya-Martínez, Natalia; Schrode, Benedikt; Jones, Andrew O F; Salzillo, Tommaso; Ruzié, Christian; Demitri, Nicola; Geerts, Yves H; Venuti, Elisabetta; Della Valle, Raffaele Guido; Zojer, Egbert; Resel, Roland

2017-08-03

A combined experimental and theoretical approach, consisting of lattice phonon Raman spectroscopy and density functional theory (DFT) calculations, is proposed as a tool for lattice dynamics characterization and polymorph phase identification. To illustrate the reliability of the method, the lattice phonon Raman spectra of two polymorphs of the molecule 2,7-dioctyloxy[1]benzothieno[3,2-b]benzothiophene are investigated. We show that DFT calculations of the lattice vibrations based on the known crystal structures, including many-body dispersion van der Waals (MBD-vdW) corrections, predict experimental data within an accuracy of ≪5 cm -1 (≪0.6 meV). Due to the high accuracy of the simulations, they can be used to unambiguously identify different polymorphs and to characterize the nature of the lattice vibrations and their relationship to the structural properties. More generally, this work implies that DFT-MBD-vdW is a promising method to describe also other physical properties that depend on lattice dynamics like charge transport.

Four-phonon processes in the thermal conductivity of GaSb

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Aliev, M.I.; Arasly, D.G.; Guseinov, R.E.

1978-01-01

Phonon thermal conductivity of GaSb in the 300-700 K temperature range is studied by the light pulsed heating which is aimed at estimation of contributions of different polarized branches of acoustic oscillations into lattice thermal conductivity. The role of optico-acoustic interactions and multiphonon processes in phonon-phonon scattering at high temperatures is discussed. It is shown that the X thermal conductivity caused by the current carriers is negligibly small, and the Xsub(ph) phonon conductivity changes depending on temperature according to the Xsub(ph) approximately Tsup(-1.4) law. While calculating Xsub(ph) according to the Holland model taking into account phonon scattering on point defects the phonon thermal conductivity is given as a sum of contributions from longitudinal and transverse low-frequency Xsub(th1) and high-frequency Xsub(th2) acoustic phonons. It is established that at T>500 K Xsub(ph) is caused only by high-frequency transverse phonons and to explain the observed Xsub(ph) dependence on temperature it is necessary to introduce four-phonon process along with the three-phonon processes into intraphonon scattering

Phonon interference control of atomic-scale metamirrors, meta-absorbers, and heat transfer through crystal interfaces

Science.gov (United States)

Kosevich, Yu. A.; Potyomina, L. G.; Darinskii, A. N.; Strelnikov, I. A.

2018-03-01

The paper theoretically studies the possibility of using the effects of phonon interference between paths through different interatomic bonds for the control of phonon heat transfer through internal crystal interfaces and for the design of phonon metamirrors and meta-absorbers. These metamirrors and meta-absorbers are considered to be defect nanolayers of atomic-scale thicknesses embedded in a crystal. Several analytically solvable three-dimensional lattice-dynamics models of the phonon metamirrors and meta-absorbers at the internal crystal planes are described. It is shown that due to destructive interference in the two or more phonon paths, the internal crystal planes, fully or partially filled with weakly bound or heavy-isotope defect atoms, can completely reflect or completely absorb phonons at the transmission antiresonances, whose wavelengths are larger than the effective thickness of the metamirror or meta-absorber. Due to cooperative superradiant effect, the spectral widths of the two-path interference antiresonances for the plane waves are given by the square of partial filling fraction in the defect crystal plane. Our analysis reveals that the presence of two or more phonon paths plays the dominant role in the emergence of the transmission antiresonances in phonon scattering at the defect crystal planes and in reduction of the thermal interface conductance in comparison with the Fano-resonance concept. We study analytically phonon transmission through internal crystal plane in a model cubic lattice of Si-like atoms, partially filled with Ge-like defect atoms. Such a plane can serve as interference phonon metamirror with the transmission antiresonances in the vicinities of eigenmode frequencies of Ge-like defect atoms in the terahertz frequency range. We predict the extraordinary phonon transmission induced by the two-path constructive interference of the lattice waves in resonance with the vibrations of rare host atoms, periodically distributed in the