Dioscorea rotundata

African Journals Online (AJOL)

2012-02-28

Feb 28, 2012 ... Key words: Dioscorea rotundata, tuber maturity, tuber dormancy, dry matter content, yield related traits, senescence. ... America, as well as the Caribbean and the South Pacific islands. In West ... indigenous to Africa, and represent most of global yam ...... cayenensis that grow in the forest zone and are much.

Dioscorea alata L.

African Journals Online (AJOL)

SAM

2014-07-09

Jul 9, 2014 ... 2International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), c/o IITA Limited, Carolyn House, 26 Dingwall Rd, Croydon ... exposure to air, is a problem in D. alata and other yam ... shape, tuber oxidation and reaction to anthracnose infection were ..... maturity- related traits in water yam (Dioscorea alata). J. Agric. Sci.

Nutrient and antinutrient composition of yellow yam (Dioscorea cayenensis products

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Oladejo Thomas Adepoju

2017-04-01

Full Text Available The data presented in this article are related to research article titled “Effects of processing methods on nutrient and antinutrient composition of yellow yam (Dioscorea cayenensis products” (Adepoju et al., 2016 [1]. This article documented information on nutrient and antinutrient composition as well as nutrient retention of Dioscorea cayenensis products. Fresh Dioscorea cayenensis tubers obtained from Bodija market were prepared into raw sample and local delicacies and analysed for proximate, mineral, vitamin and antinutrient composition using AOAC methods [2]. Data obtained were analysed using ANOVA, and level of significance set at p<0.05. Processing significantly improved macronutrients and energy content of yam products, and led to significant reduction in values of all antinutrient content of the products (p<0.05.

Proximate, Mineral and Phytochemical Composition of Dioscorea ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

ADOWIE PERE

Keywords: Dioscorea dumetorum, proximate composition, mineral analysis, phytochemical screening ... were analyzed using atomic absorption ... determined using a Hack Dr/200 Spectrophotometer. ... Lead Acetate. +. +. + .... cosmetics.

Consideraciones etnobotánicas sobre el género Dioscorea (Dioscoreaceae) en Cuba

OpenAIRE

Pérez Camacho, Jacqueline de los Ángeles; Albert Puentes, Delhy Basilia; Rosete Blandariz, Sonia; Sotolongo Molina, Lázara Ofelia; Fernández Zequira, Maira; Delprete, Piero; Raz, Lauren

2005-01-01

Se analizan algunos aspectos etnobotánicos de las dioscoreas cubanas. Se realizaron entrevistas para determinar los usos y aplicaciones de estas especies en diferentes regiones del país. Los usos más frecuentes de las especies del género Dioscorea en Cuba son como suplemento dietético, en afecciones gástricas (gastritis) y en rituales de la religión Yoruba. Se determinó los valores de uso de las especies útiles del género. Some ethnobotanical aspects of the Cuban dioscoreas are an...

Comparative analysis of diosgenin in Dioscorea species and related medicinal plants by UPLC-DAD-MS.

Science.gov (United States)

Yi, Tao; Fan, Lan-Lan; Chen, Hong-Li; Zhu, Guo-Yuan; Suen, Hau-Man; Tang, Yi-Na; Zhu, Lin; Chu, Chu; Zhao, Zhong-Zhen; Chen, Hu-Biao

2014-08-09

Dioscorea is a genus of flowering plants, and some Dioscorea species are known and used as a source for the steroidal sapogenin diosgenin. To screen potential resource from Dioscorea species and related medicinal plants for diosgenin extraction, a rapid method to compare the contents of diosgenin in various plants is crucial. An ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) coupled with diode array detection (DAD) and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) method was developed for identification and determination of diosgenin in various plants. A comprehensive validation of the developed method was conducted. Twenty-four batches of plant samples from four Dioscorea species, one Smilax species and two Heterosmilax species were analyzed by using the developed method.The present method presented good sensitivity, precision and accuracy. Diosgenin was found in three Dioscorea species and one Heterosmilax species, namely D. zingiberensis, D. septemloba, D. collettii and H. yunnanensis. The method is suitable for the screening of diosgenin resources from plants. D. zingiberensis is an important resource for diosgenin harvesting.

Isolation, purification and characterization of β-amylase from Dioscorea hispida Dennst

Science.gov (United States)

Oktiarni, Dwita; Lusiana, Simamora, Febri Yanti; Gaol, Jusni M. Lumban

2015-09-01

β-amylase (E.C 3.2.1.2) is an enzyme commonly found in plants and bacteria. The enzyme is an exo-acting carbohydrolase which hydrolyzes α-1.4-glucosidic linkages of starch, removing maltose units from the non-reducing end of the polysaccharide chain, producing β-maltose and β-limit dextrin as the final product. β-amylase is widely distributed in the higher plants such as sweet potato. Besides the use in starch hydrolysis, starch-converting enzymes are also used in a number of other industrial applications, such as laundry and porcelain detergents or as anti-stalling agents in baking. This enzyme was extracted from Dioscorea hispida Dennst in 0.05 M acetate buffer pH 4.8 and followed by ammonium sulfate fractionation at cold temperature (10°C). Ammonium sulfate fractionation was shared into fraction of 0-60%, 60-70%, 70-80% and 80-100%. The fraction containing high of specific activity (determined by Somogyi-Nelson and Lowry methods) was futher purified by dialysis. Fraction with high enzyme activity of β-amylase were fraction 60-70% and 70-80%, with specific activity of Dioscorea hispida Dennst were 1.32 and 1.55 mg sugar.mg protein-1.minute-1, whereas specific activity of crude extract enzyme was 0.21 mg sugar.mg protein-1.minute-1. After purified with dialysis, fraction with high enzyme activity of β-amylase were fraction of 60-70% and 70-80%, with specific activity of Dioscorea hispida Dennst was 2.72 and 4.24 mg sugar.mg protein-1.minute-1. The purified Dioscorea hispida Dennst β-amylase from dialysis showed increasing in spesific activity the crude enzyme as much as 24 folds. The characterization of enzyme showed that Dioscorea hispida Dennst derived enzyme had optimum pH of 5.5 and temperature of 70°C. The kinetic parameters of purified Dioscorea hispida Dennst β-amylase showed that the KMapp, Vmaxapp value and Hill constant were 0.0211 mg/ml, 9.63 mg sugar.minute-1 and 1.34, respectively.

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: Dioscorea [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term Dioscorea 名詞 一般 * * * * ヤマノイモ属 ヤマノイモゾク ヤマノイモゾク Thesaurus2015 200906086875099262 C LS06 UNKNOWN_1 Dioscorea

Isolation and Characterization of Starches from eight Dioscorea ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

AJB SERVER

2006-09-04

Sep 4, 2006 ... granules were predominantly ellipsoidal in shape with only Renta yam and ... of the different Dioscorea alata starches may prove useful in ... Vitamin C content ranging from 13.0 to 24.7 mg/100 g .... 1530 Afr. J. Biotechnol.

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: Dioscorea japonica [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term Dioscorea japonica 名詞 一般 * * * * ...ヤマノイモ ヤマノイモ ヤマノイモ Thesaurus2015 200906042151087664 C LS06/LS63/LS72 UNKNOWN_2 Dioscorea japonica

Preventive effect of Dioscorea japonica on squamous cell carcinoma of mouse skin involving down-regulation of prostaglandin E2 synthetic pathway.

Science.gov (United States)

Tsukayama, Izumi; Toda, Keisuke; Takeda, Yasunori; Mega, Takuto; Tanaka, Mitsuki; Kawakami, Yuki; Takahashi, Yoshitaka; Kimoto, Masumi; Yamamoto, Kei; Miki, Yoshimi; Murakami, Makoto; Suzuki-Yamamoto, Toshiko

2018-03-01

Hyperproduced prostaglandin E 2 by cyclooxygenase-2 and microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 evokes several pathophysiological responses such as inflammation and carcinogenesis. Our recent study demonstrated that Dioscorea japonica extract suppressed the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 and microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 and induced apoptosis in lung carcinoma A549 cells. In the present study, we investigated the effects of Dioscorea japonica on squamous cell carcinoma of mouse skin. Dioscorea japonica feeding and Dioscorea japonica extract topical application suppressed the expression of cyclooxygenase-2, microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1, interleukin-1β and interleukin-6 and inhibited tumor formation, hyperplasia and inflammatory cell infiltration. Immunohistochemical analyses showed the immunoreactivities of cyclooxygenase-2 and microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 in tumor keratinocytes and stronger immunoreactivities of cyclooxygenase-2 and hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase in epidermal dendritic cells (Langerhans cells). Treatment with Dioscorea japonica decreased the immunoreactivity of cyclooxygenase-2 and microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1. These results indicate that Dioscorea japonica may have inhibitory effects on inflammation and carcinogenesis via suppression of the prostaglandin E 2 synthetic pathway.

Sensory evaluation of amala from improved water yam (Dioscorea ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

SERVER

2008-04-17

Apr 17, 2008 ... Production of improved water yam (Dioscorea alata) genotypes that are .... 25% grey ... The colour shades of the prepared (cooked) amala .... 41-50. Ukpabi UJ, Omodamiro RM (2007). Potential use of polyethylene film in.

PLOIDY STATUS OF Dioscorea alata L. AND ITS RELATIONSHIP ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

AISA

Flowering clones were found to be not susceptible to Anthracnose. Key-words : Anthracnose .... plants for flow cytometry analysis. About. 1 cm2 of leaf ..... And Crop Evolution 46 : 19 - 27. Hamon P. J. ... classification of Dioscorea alata. Tropical.

A new source of elemol rich essential oil and existence of multicellular oil glands in leaves of the Dioscorea species.

Science.gov (United States)

Odimegwu, Joy I; Odukoya, Olukemi; Yadav, Ritesh K; Chanotiya, C S; Ogbonnia, Steve; Sangwan, Neelam S

2013-01-01

Dioscorea species is a very important food and drug plant. The tubers of the plant are extensively used in food and drug purposes owing to the presence of steroidal constituent's diosgenin in the tubers. In the present study, we report for the first time that the leaves of Dioscorea composita and Dioscorea floribunda grown under the field conditions exhibited the presence of multicellular oil glands on the epidermal layers of the plants using stereomicroscopy (SM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Essential oil was also isolated from the otherwise not useful herbage of the plant, and gas chromatographic-mass spectroscopy analysis revealed confirmation of the essential oil constituents. Out of the 76 compounds detected in D. floribunda and 37 from D. composita essential oil, major terpenoids which are detected and reported for Dioscorea leaf essential oil are α -terpinene, nerolidol, citronellyl acetate, farnesol, elemol, α -farnesene, valerenyl acetate, and so forth. Elemol was detected as the major constituent of both the Dioscorea species occupying 41% and 22% of D. Floribunda and D. composita essential oils, respectively. In this paper, we report for the first time Dioscorea as a possible novel bioresource for the essential oil besides its well-known importance for yielding diosgenin.

A New Source of Elemol Rich Essential Oil and Existence of Multicellular Oil Glands in Leaves of the Dioscorea Species

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Joy I. Odimegwu

2013-01-01

Full Text Available Dioscorea species is a very important food and drug plant. The tubers of the plant are extensively used in food and drug purposes owing to the presence of steroidal constituent’s diosgenin in the tubers. In the present study, we report for the first time that the leaves of Dioscorea composita and Dioscorea floribunda grown under the field conditions exhibited the presence of multicellular oil glands on the epidermal layers of the plants using stereomicroscopy (SM and scanning electron microscopy (SEM. Essential oil was also isolated from the otherwise not useful herbage of the plant, and gas chromatographic-mass spectroscopy analysis revealed confirmation of the essential oil constituents. Out of the 76 compounds detected in D. floribunda and 37 from D. composita essential oil, major terpenoids which are detected and reported for Dioscorea leaf essential oil are α-terpinene, nerolidol, citronellyl acetate, farnesol, elemol, α-farnesene, valerenyl acetate, and so forth. Elemol was detected as the major constituent of both the Dioscorea species occupying 41% and 22% of D. Floribunda and D. composita essential oils, respectively. In this paper, we report for the first time Dioscorea as a possible novel bioresource for the essential oil besides its well-known importance for yielding diosgenin.

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: Dioscorea japonica Thunb. [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term Dioscorea japonica Thunb. 名詞 一般 *... * * * ヤマノイモ ヤマノイモ ヤマノイモ Thesaurus2015 200906042151087664 C LS06/LS63/LS72 UNKNOWN_2 Dioscorea japonica Thunb .

Effects of varying concentrations of Dioscorea bulbifera (Fam ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Tablets of paracetamol BP prepared with purified starch obtained from the bulbs of locally cultivated Dioscorea bulbifera in comparison with corn starch BP, both at concentrations, 3-10 %w/w were evaluated for their disintegration time, mechanical properties and dissolution profiles. All the batches of tablets prepared with ...

Isolation and Characterization of Starches from eight Dioscorea ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

AJB SERVER

2006-09-04

Sep 4, 2006 ... temperature, with Moonshine (895.551 ± 1.051%) having the highest swelling power ... The properties of the different Dioscorea alata starches may prove useful in nutritional applications. ..... coating. Starch/Starke 44: 393-398. Ayensu ES, Coursey DG (1972). ... World production and marketing of starch. In:.

Genetic diversity Study of Dioscoreas Using Morphological Traits ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Prof. Ogunji

study. Onyilagha (1988) used polyacrylamide gel elctrophoresis on 13 cultivars of Dioscorea (5 of D.rotundata and 8 of D.cayenesis). The two taxa have some common morphological features, leading to .... g, potassium chloride = 0.725 g, ethylene ..... feasibility in broadening the genetic base for the improvement of yam.

Agrodiversite, gestion paysanne et importance de Dioscorea ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

biologique, sociale, culturelle locale et dispose d'une potentialité non négligeable lui permettant de jouer un rôle important dans le maintien des moyens de subsistance, le bien-être humain et l'amélioration de la santé. Mots clés: Igname, bayèrè, Dioscorea praehensilis, agrodiversité, gestion, valeurs, contraintes ...

Fatty acid composition of Dioscorea dumetorum (Pax) varieties ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

The purpose of the present investigation was to study the fatty acid compositions of edible and wild Dioscorea dumetorum (Pax) varieties harvested from farms and forests of Ikot Akpanabia village in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria in order to evaluate their nutritional and biochemical significance. Tubers were conveyed from farm ...

Towards mapping the Dioscorea genome

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Terauchi, R.; Kahl, G.

1998-01-01

Yams are important starchy tuber crops in (sub-) tropical countries of the world. Despite their importance in the regional economy, no serious attempt has been made toward their improvement. In order to obtain basic knowledge of the genetics of yams, we are trying to establish a linkage map of a wild yam species, Dioscorea tokoro. So far, six allozyme markers, six STMS markers and twenty AFLP markers have been identified. They will be used for linkage mapping of a population comprising 80 progeny obtained from a controlled cross. (author)

Limitación de la conservación de variedades nativas por variedades mejoradas: Estudio de caso de la papa en los Andes centrales del Ecuador

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MSc. María Cecilia Dávila

2018-04-01

Full Text Available La conservación de la biodiversidad para la alimentación y la agricultura, es una actividad importante a nivel mundial para asegurar la seguridad alimentaria y nutricional, pero dicha actividad está siendo limitada por varios factores. Este estudio de caso analiza cómo la adopción de variedades mejoradas de papa limita la conservación de la diversidad de las variedades nativas a nivel de granja o chakra en seis comunidades indígenas en los Andes centrales ecuatorianos. Los resultados muestran que la adopción de variedades mejoradas ha desplazado una amplia gama de variedades locales tradicionales de los campos de agricultores que, junto con las condiciones socioeconómicas y ambientales que caracterizaron el sitio de estudio, han socavado la diversidad genética de variedades cultivadas de papa en las fincas. Palabras clave: Conservación en finca, diversidad de papa, variedades mejoradas, variedades nativas.

Múltiplas modernidades ou variedade da modernidade?

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Volker H. Schmidt

2007-06-01

Full Text Available O artigo apresenta uma avaliação crítica do conceito de "múltiplas modernidades" que ganhou terreno na Sociologia na década de 1990. Ele rejeita essa noção como tanto conceitualmente equivocada quanto empiricamente infundada e propõe um conceito alternativo - de "variedades da modernidade" -, que se acredita resolver mais facilmente as questões substantivas do conceito anterior, ao mesmo tempo em que permite que se fale de "modernidade" no singular. A principal fonte de inspiração para esse conceito alternativo são as variedades do paradigma capitalista que guia a literatura da Nova Economia Política; uma de suas vantagens em relação ao paradigma das múltiplas modernidades é o foco nas instituições, muito mais que nas vagas e pouco explicativas noções de "cultura" e "diferença cultural". Entretanto, a abordagem de variedades da modernidade que siga essa via tem que ser muito mais ampla e compreensiva e deve, portanto, ser mais difícil de desenvolver e de aplicar que o paradigma de variedades do capitalismo. Mas mesmo que em última instância ela prove-se impraticável, a mera consideração de seus pré-requisitos metodológicos ainda promete fornecer valiosas sugestões para os pesquisadores da modernidade.

Improved growth and quality of Dioscorea fordii Prain et Burk and ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Yomi

2011-12-21

Dec 21, 2011 ... The effects of temporary immersion system (TIS) culture on the growth and quality of Dioscorea fordii. Prain et ... spleen and stomach, promoting the body fluids, benefiting ... fordii and D. alata were used in all the experiments.

Clinical Research of the Efficacy and the Safety of Dioscoreae Rhizoma (Sanyak Pharmacopuncture Therapy for Peripheral Facial Paralysis Patients

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Sung In-Soo

2012-12-01

Full Text Available Objectives: The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy and the safety of Sanyak pharmacopuncture therapy for the treatment of peripheral facial paralysis patients. Methods: This study was a retrospective investigation of a total of 70 patients who were inpatients of the Oriental Hospital of Daejeon University between January 1, 2011, and May 31, 2012, and who were diagnosed as having peripheral facial paralysis by physical examination, the patients received three different interventions. Eleven (11 patients were treated with acupuncture and alcohol Dioscorea rhizoma pharmacopuncture (ADG, 25 patients with acupuncture and distillation Dioscorea rhizoma pharmacopuncture (DDG, and 34 patients with acupuncture and non-Dioscorea rhizoma pharmacopuncture (NDG. The resulting data were analyzed. Results: The changed H-B grades indicated significant improvements in all three groups, and the ADG and the DDG groups showed significant results after two weeks of treatment when compared to the NDG group. The changed y-Scores indicated significant improvements in all three groups, and the ADG group showed significant results after 10 and 15 days of treatment when compared to the NDG group. Dioscorea rhizoma pharmacopuncture may be safe for the human body because in most cases, the only abnormal finding was the pain could by the application of pharmacopuncture. Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that Oriental medical treatment with dioscoreae Rhizoma (Sanyak pharmacopuncture complex therapy may be effective and safe in patient with peripheral facial paralysis

Effect of tannins from Dioscoreae Cirrhosae and Galla chinensis on gamma ray exposed mice

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Yue Feng; Wang Qingmin; Tang Ying; Li Yu; Shi Hai; Lei Chengxiang

2012-01-01

Objective: To explore the protective effect of tannins from Dioscoreae Cirrhosae and Galla chinensis on radiation injury. Methods: Forty male Chinese Kunming mice were randomly divided into non-radiation group, radiation group without drugs,radiation group with tea polyphenols, radiation group with tannins from Dioscoreae Cirrhosae and radiation group with tannins from Galla chinensis. The radiation groups were irradiated with a single exposure of 8.0 Gy γ rays from 60 Co. The mice were intragastric ally administered 2 h before radiation and were done 18 h after radiation. The 30-day survival rate, the mean survival time and the protective coefficients were confirmed. Results: All the mice of radiation group without drugs died in 16 d after exposure,and their mean survival time was (12.0±2.45) d, while the radiation groups with tannins from Dioscoreae Cirrhosae, with tannins from Galla chinensis and with tea polyphenols were (26.25±7.13) d, (21.88±8.89) d and (23.25±9.33) d respectively. There was significant difference in comparison with radiation group without drugs (P 60 Co and could present a significant protection effect on radiation injuries. (authors)

Parenchyma cell wall structure in twining stem of Dioscorea balcanica

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Radosavljević, J.S.; Pristov, J.B.; Mitrović, A.Lj.; Steinbach, Gabor; Mouille, G.; Tufegdžić, S.; Maksimović, V.; Mutavdžić, D.; Janošević, D.; Vuković, M.; Garab, G.; Radotić, K.

2017-01-01

Roč. 24, č. 11 (2017), s. 4653-4669 ISSN 0969-0239 R&D Projects: GA MŠk(CZ) ED2.1.00/19.0392 Institutional support: RVO:61388971 Keywords : Cell wall * Cellulose fibril order * Dioscorea balcanica Kosanin Subject RIV: EE - Microbiology, Virology OBOR OECD: Microbiology Impact factor: 3.417, year: 2016

Enraizamiento in vitro de Dioscoreas sp. In vitro rootting of Dioscoreas sp.

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Jarma Alfredo

2003-12-01

Full Text Available El presente estudio se realizó en el Laboratorio de Cultivo de Tejidos Vegetales de la Universidad de Córdoba en el año 2000 con el objetivo de evaluar el efecto del ácido naftalenacético (ANA en el medio de cultivo sobre el enraizamiento in vitro de tres cultivares de ñame (Dioscorea sp.. Se estudió el efecto de cuatro concentraciones del regulador de crecimiento (0, 0.3, 0.6 y 0.9 mg/1 sobre tres cultivares de ñame (Diamantes-22, 003 y 005. Se empleó un experimento trifactorial con diseño aleatorio y 20 repeticiones; cada unidad experimental estuvo conformada por un recipiente de vidrio que contenía el medio de cultivo y el explante (segmento nodal. Las variables consideradas fueron número y grosor de raíces, oxidación del medio de cultivo y producción de callo. Los resultados indicaron que tanto la hormona como el genotipo tuvieron efecto sobre todas las variables consi­deradas en el estudio y que la interacción fue importante (PThe Universidad de Córdoba s Vegetal Tissue Culture Laboratory evaluated the effect of naphthalenacetic acid (NAA on in vitro rooting of three yam cultivars (Dioscorea sp. in 2000. The effect of four hormone levels (0, 0.3, 0.6 and 0.9 mg/1 was studied on three yam cultivars (Diamantes-22,003 and 005. A random experimental design was used employing 4x3 factorial arrangement and 20 repetitions; each experimental unit consisted of a glass receptacle containing the culture medium and the explant (one segment nodal. The variables considered were the number of roots and their thickness, culture medium oxidation and callus production. Findings showed that both the hormone and genotype had an effect on all those variables considered in the study and interaction was significant (P <0.05 for callus production and culture medium oxidation. The 005 cultivar showed the greatest root number and thickness values. It was also determined that when a 0.6 and 0.9 mg/1 dose of auxin was applied, root production and

Nivel de aceptabilidad para cinco variedades de uva de mesa en el mercado español Nivel de aceitabilidade para cinco variedades de uva de mesa no mercado espanhol

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Cesar Rosso Piva

2006-04-01

Full Text Available Con el objetivo de evaluar el nivel de aceptabilidad con relación a distintas variedades de uva de mesa, la Unidad de Comercialización y Divulgación Agraria del Departamento de Economía y Ciencias Sociales Agrarias (E.T.S.I.Agrónomos, de la Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, realizó la presente investigación en julio de 1999. Se utilizó el análisis sensorial en Sala de Catas como herramienta para la evaluación del nivel de aceptabilidad de cinco variedades de uva de mesa. Se puso énfasis en conocer las posibles diferencias de carácter sensorial entre las variedades Flame Seedless, Cardinal, Superior Seedless, Victoria y Redgloble, variedades que coinciden en su época de cosecha en España. En los análisis hechos, las variedades Cardinal y Superior Seedless fueron las más preferidas en comparación con Flame Seedless, Victoria y Redgloble. La variedad Superior Seedless fue muy valorada por su ausencia de semillas, además de su buen sabor, lo que la torna de gran potencial para el mercado español. El sabor, seguido de la jugosidad, fueron los elementos determinantes en el proceso de aceptación de la uva.Com o objetivo de avaliar o nível de aceitabilidade de distintas variedades de uva de mesa, a Unidade de Comercialização e Divulgação Agrária do Departamento de Economia y Ciências Sociales Agrárias (E.T.S.I. Agrónomos, da Universidade Politécnica de Madri, realizou o presente estudo em julho de 1999. Empregou-se a análise sensorial para a avaliação do nível de aceitabilidade de cinco variedades de uva de mesa. Procurou-se determinar especial atenção em conhecer as possíveis diferenças de caráter sensorial entre as variedades Flame Seedless, Cardinal, Superior Seedless, Victoria e Redgloble. Nos pomares espanhóis, essas variedades atingem a maturação de colheita na mesma época. Nas análises realizadas, as variedades Cardinal e Superior Seedless foram as mais preferidas em comparação com Flame Seedless

Nova variedade de Menta arvensis

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Abelardo Rodrigues Lima

1952-09-01

Full Text Available No quarto ano dos trabalhos de seleção com a menta japonêsa, foi encontrado um "seedling", o M. A. 701, que se destacou pela resistência à ferrugem e pela sua rusticidade. Os caracteres botânicos dessa variedade comercial, principalmente hábito vegetativo, coloração das fôlhas e das hastes, a tornam completa' mente distinta da variedade original. Esta distinção se confirma e acentua quando se compara a natureza dos componentes do óleo essencial da menta "Campinas" M. A. 701, descrita no presente trabalho, com a menta japonêsa comum. A maior produtividade da nova variedade comparada com a da menta japonesa comum foi desde logo também constatada pelos primeiros lavradores, a quem foram enviadas pequenas quantidades de rizomas, para plantio experimental. Foram cultivados em 1949-50 cêrca de 12 hectares; cm 1950-51, cêrca de 900 ha, e o prognóstico é que essa variedade tende a substituir totalmente a menta japonêsa anteriormente cultivada em São Paulo, devido ao seu maior valor econômico.A seedling, designated M.A.701, remarkable for its vigor and resistance to rust, was discovered during the fourth year of selection of Japanese mint (Mentha arvensis L. subsp. haplocalix Briquet var. piperascens Holmes or forma piperascens Malinvaud. The botanical characters of the variety derived from this seedling, especially the vegetative habit and colouring of leaves and stems, make it quite different from the original variety. This difference is enhanced, when we compare the nature of the essential oil components of "Campinas" M.A.701, as described in the present paper, with that of the common Japanese mint. The higher yield of the new variety, compared with that of the common Japanese mint, was soon confirmed by the first cultivators, to whom small quantities of rhizomes were sent for experimental planting. About 12 hectars were cultivated em 1949/50 and about 900 hectars in 1950/51. It is expected that the new variety will, on account

Somatic Embryogenesis in Yam (Dioscorea rotundata

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Isidro Elías Suárez Padrón

2011-12-01

Full Text Available Embryogenic yam (Dioscorea rotundata cultures were induced from petioles of leaves of in vitro grown plants on medium supplemented with different 2.4-D concentrations. Cultures were maintained either on semisolid or in liquid MS medium supplemented with 4.52 µM 2.4-D. The effect of sucrose concentration on somatic embryo development was also evaluated and the effects of different BAP concentrations on somatic embryo conversion were determined. Treatments were distributed using a complete randomized design. The highest rate of induction occurred with 4.52 µM 2.4-D. Sucrose at 131.46 mM significantly enhanced somatic embryo development. The conversion rate was not affected by BAP.Cultivos embriogénicos de ñame (Dioscorea rotundata fueron inducidos a partir de explantes consistentes de hojas con peciolos, aisladas de plantas establecidas en condiciones in vitro, en presencia de diferentes concentraciones de 2,4-D. Los cultivos inducidos fueron mantenidos en medio MS líquido o semisólido suplido con 4,52 µM 2,4-D. El efecto de las concentraciones de sacarosa sobre el desarrollo de embriones somáticos y el efecto de varias concentraciones de BAP sobre la tasa de conversión de embriones somáticos en plantas también fueron evaluados. Todos los tratamientos fueron distribuidos usando un diseño completamente al azar. El mayor porcentaje de inducción de tejidos embriogénicos ocurrió con 4,52 µM de 2,4-D. La adición de 131,46 mM de sacarosa incrementó significativamente el desarrollo de embriones somáticos. La tasa de conversión de embriones somáticos en plantas no fue afectada por las concentraciones de BAP.

Identification of a thermal stable allergen in yam (Dioscorea opposita) to cause anaphylaxis.

Science.gov (United States)

Xu, Ying-Yang; Yin, Jia

2018-01-01

Yam ( Dioscorea opposita ) is commonly consumed in East Asia, but allergic reaction to this plant food is rare. To date, there is no report of anaphylactic reaction after ingestion of cooked yam. We described 3 cases with anaphylaxis after eating boiled yam and 1 present with oral allergy syndrome as well. Basophil activation test in patients showed positive reactivity to boiled yam extract. In immunoblotting, a 30-kDa protein was recognized by all patients' sera and a 17-kDa band was detected by 1 patient. N-terminal amino acid revealed the 30-kDa IgE reacted band was DB3S, dioscorin in Dioscorea tuber. It promoted us that DB3S was a thermal stable oral allergen to trigger anaphylactic reaction and oral allergy syndrome in cooked yam ( D. opposita ) allergy. Patients with this plant food allergy should avoid both raw and well-cooked yam.

Etude de la diversite genetique de l'igname sauvage Dioscorea ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

analysis show that the cultivars differ genetically from both the wild allopatric and sympatric of the zone and those collected in the Pendjari National Park. La diversité génétique de deux populations de Dioscorea abyssinica, estimée par les marqueurs AFLP, récoltées dans la forêt classée de l'Ouémé supérieur et le parc ...

Diversidad genética de las variedades de arroz FLAR liberadas entre 2003-2014.

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Luis Eduardo Berrio-Orozco

2016-06-01

Full Text Available El objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar la base genética, el coeficiente de parentesco y la diversidad genética de las variedades de arroz liberadas entre el 2003 - 2014 en trece países miembros del Fondo Latinoamericano para Arroz de Riego (FLAR. Para ello, se analizaron las genealogías de 51 variedades, en el Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical (CIAT, Palmira, Colombia, durante los años 2014 y 2015. La variabilidad genética de las variedades estuvo representada por 120 ancestrales (2,4 ancestral/variedad; 33 de estos contribuyeron con el 83,9% de sus genes, de los cuales tres (ancestrales que originaron IR8 aportaron el 35,6% de sus genes. También se mostró que el coeficiente de parentesco (rxy entre las diferentes variedades comerciales varió de 0,03 (muy poco relacionadas, hasta 0,99 (altamente relacionadas. El promedio de todas las 51 variedades fue de (rxy 0,19. A nivel de variedades por país, se encontró que el promedio fue variable, el mínimo lo obtuvo Ecuador con 0,13, y el máximo fue de 0,31 para las variedades de Venezuela. El análisis de agrupamiento separó a los genotipos en catorce grupos distintos, donde existen materiales bastante relacionados y otros muy poco relacionados. Estos resultados muestran que se ha obtenido una ampliación de la base genética. 

PENGARUH FOAMING PADA PENGERINGAN INULIN UMBI GEMBILI (Dioscorea esculenta TERHADAP KARAKTERISTIK FISIKO-KIMIA DAN AKTIVITAS PREBIOTIK

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Sri Winarti

2014-02-01

Full Text Available Lesser yam (Dioscorea esculenta is one type of Dioscorea spp. with high inulin content. There are many factors can affect on the physicochemical characteristics and prebiotic activity of inulin, one of this factor is drying method. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effect of foaming (foam mat on drying procces of lesser yam inulin on the physicochemical characteristics and prebiotic activity. Lesser yam inulin was dried with cabinet drying and foam mat drying, which was compared with the commercial inulin that was dried by spray drying method. Inulin properties evaluated were solubility, water absorbtion, gel strength, water content, viscosity, purity, crystallinity and prebiotic activity. The results showed that the drying of Lesser yam inulin with foam mat drying method can improve the solubility of 79.09% to 89.97%, water absorption from 12.39% to 34.39%, and prebiotic activity score from 1,071 to 1,113 on Bifidobacteria breve BRL-131 and from 0.658 to 0.820 on Bifidobacterium bifidum BRL-130. Drying of Lesser yam inulin with foam mat drying method can reduce the gel strength of 0.1295 N to 0.0929 N, water content from 10,55% to 9,29%, the viscosity of 14.47 mPa to 6.7 mPa at 90 °c, purity of 73.58% to 66.34% and lower crystallinity. Lesser yam inulin had prebiotic activity score higher than commercial inulin from chicory root. Keywords: Inulin, lesser yam, Dioscorea esculenta, prebiotic, foam mat drying   ABSTRAK Gembili (Dioscorea esculenta merupakan salah satu jenis Dioscorea spp. yang mengandung inulin cukup tinggi. Beberapa faktor dapat berpengaruh terhadap karakteristik fisiko-kimia dan aktivitas prebiotik inulin, salah satunya adalah cara pengeringan.Tujuan penelitian adalah mengevaluasi pengaruh foaming (pembentukan foam pada proses pengeringan inulin umbi gembili terhadap karakteristik fisiko-kimia dan aktivitas prebiotik. Inulin umbi gembili dikeringkan dengan metode foam mat drying dibandingkan dengan cabinet drying

In vitro rootting of Dioscoreas sp.

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Irma Quintero

2003-07-01

Full Text Available The Universidad de Córdoba s Vegetal Tissue Culture Laboratory evaluated the effect of naphthalenacetic acid (NAA on in vitro rooting of three yam cultivars (Dioscorea sp. in 2000. The effect of four hormone levels (0, 0.3, 0.6 and 0.9 mg/1 was studied on three yam cultivars (Diamantes-22,003 and 005. A random experimental design was used employing 4x3 factorial arrangement and 20 repetitions; each experimental unit consisted of a glass receptacle containing the culture medium and the explant (one segment nodal. The variables considered were the number of roots and their thickness, culture medium oxidation and callus production. Findings showed that both the hormone and genotype had an effect on all those variables considered in the study and interaction was significant (P

Characterization of Steroidal Saponins from Dioscorea villosa and D. cayenensis Using Ultrahigh Performance Liquid Chromatography/Electrospray Ionization Quadrupole Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry

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Avula, Bharathi; Wang, Yan-Hong; Wang, Mei; Ali, Zulfiqar; Smillie, Troy J.; Zweigenbaum, Jerry; Khan, Ikhlas A.

2017-01-01

Yam (Dioscorea spp.) is an important edible tuber plant used for medicinal purposes to promote health and longevity in Chinese tradition. Steroidal saponins were reported to be the major physiologically active constituents in yams. In this current work, the structural characteristics of steroidal saponins in methanolic extracts from dried rhizomes of two Dioscorea species (D. villosa L. and D. cayenensis Lam.) and dietary supplements have been identified and analyzed using UHPLC/QTOF-MS in both negative and positive ion modes. The fragmentation patterns of reference standards were determined and the steroidal saponins in the extracts were identified or tentatively characterized from their retention times and mass spectra. The fragments produced by collision-induced dissociation (CID) revealed the characteristic cleavage of glycosidic bonds, and the fragmentation pattern provided structural information about the sugars. Twenty-one saponins, including four tentatively identified compounds, were detected in the crude extracts of two Dioscorea species. These saponins can be used to distinguish D. villosa from D. cayenensis. For example, asperin and gracillin are found only in D. cayenensis, and dioscoreavilloside A and B and parvifloside are only found in D. villosa. This can be used to determine the presence or absence of D. villosa in commercial products, which may help determine the spiking of plant material, and/or prevent the use of potentially mislabeled or misidentified “Dioscorea” material. The analytical method also provided an alternative, fast method for quality control of Dioscorea species in dietary supplements. Principal component analysis showed that Dioscorea species and commercial products were easily distinguished. From this a partial least squares model was constructed to determine what species are in different products. PMID:24510365

ENSINO DE ESPANHOL NO BRASIL: O CASO DAS VARIEDADES LINGÜÍSTICAS

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Bruno Rafael Costa Venancio da Silva

2009-03-01

Full Text Available RESUMO Este artigo tem a intenção de proporcionar uma visão geral do ensino das variedades lingüísticas da língua espanhola no Brasil através de estudos realizados sobre as representações que as línguas trazem aos seus “aprendentes” em relação ao prestígio e a credibilidade que cada região falante da língua espanhola impõe às instituições de ensino médio e superior no momento de eleger uma variedade lingüística, os materiais didáticos utilizados em nosso país e os fatores econômicos que envolvem seu ensino. Além dessa visão geral sobre os problemas que permeiam o ensino de espanhol em nosso país, mostrar-se-á as variedades mais recorrentes da língua espanhola através de atividades e explicações teóricas das variantes trazidas pelos livros didáticos com o intuito de desmistificar a idéia já fossilizada nos alunos, tanto de ensino médio, superior e de cursos de idiomas, os mitos existentes em relação ao aprendizado de variedades latino-americanas, em especial a falada pelo bloco rio-platense (Argentina. Paraguai e Uruguai. Palavras-chave: Variedades Lingüísticas, Ensino de Espanhol e Espanhol no Brasil. ENSEÑANZA DEL ESPAÑOL EN BRASIL: EL CASO DE LAS VARIEDADES LINGÜÍSTICAS RESUMEN Este artículo tiene la intención de proporcionar una visión general de la enseñanza de las variedades linguísticas de la lengua española en brasil a través de estudios realizados sobre las representaciones que las lenguas traen a sus “aprendientes” en relación al prestigio y a la credibilidad que cada región hablante de la lengua española impone a las instituciones de enseñanza secundaria y superior en el momento de elegir una variedad lingüística, los materiales didácticos utililzados en nuestro país y de factores económicos que involucrados en su enseñanza. además de esa visión general sobre los problemas que rodean la enseñanza del español en nuestro país, se considera importante revelar las

Use of [2-14C]mevalonate and saponin-bound [14C]-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaric acid for the biosynthesis of terpenoids in leaves of Dioscorea deltoidea

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gurielidze, K.G.; Paseshnichenko, V.A.; Vasil'eva, I.S.

1986-01-01

After the introduction of [2- 14 C]acetate into leaves of Dioscorea deltoidea, a radioactive furonanalog of deltafolin - protodeltofolin, containing two-thirds of the label in the 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl portion - was isolated from them. Radioactive β-careotene and sterols were isolated from cut young leaves of Dioscorea 24 h after the introduction of [ 14 C] protodeltofolin into them, using chromatography on a column of silica gel and precipitation of sterols in the form of digitonins for this purpose. The incorporation of radioactivity from [ 14 C]-3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaric acid, bound in the form of a saponin, and β-carotene came to 0.18-0.80%, while incorporation into sterols came to 0.07-2.86% of the radioactivity of the alcohol extract. Thereby it was shown that 3-hydroxyl-3-methylglutaric acid, bound in the form of the saponin, can be used to form terpenoids in Dioscorea leaves. It was suggested that the binding of hydroxymethylglutaric acid to saponin represents one of the mechanisms of regulation of the rate of terpenoid biosynthesis in Dioscorea leaves

Resistencia a los repilos de distintas variedades de olivo

OpenAIRE

Trapero Casas, Antonio; López Doncel, Luis Miguel; Oliveira, R.; Gutiérrez, F.; Navarro, N.; Alsalimiya, Mohammed; Benali, A.; Ávila de La Calle, A.; Bouhmidi, K.; Moral, J.; Roca, L.F.

2005-01-01

El repilo, la antracnosis y el emplomado son tres enfermedades conocidas comúnmente con el término repilos. Actualmente estos repilos causan en España más del 10% de las pérdidas de la cosecha y un deterioro notable de la calidad del aceite. Por ello, el estudio de las distintas variedades de olivo presentes en el mundo en cuanto a resistencia/susceptibilidad a estas enfermedades y la obtención de nuevas variedades resistentes sigue siendo un objetivo prioritario entre los investigadores en e...

variedad azul

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R. I. Corona González

2005-01-01

Full Text Available En este trabajo se muestra un estudio del efecto del pH, la temperatura y la concentración de polifructosas de Agave tequilana weber variedad azul sobre la producción de inulinasas, con una cepa de Saccharomyces sp. en un reactor de 16 litros. Las condiciones óptimas del proceso se obtuvieron al aplicar un diseño factorial 23 en el cual temperatura, pH y concentración de azúcares de Agave tequilana se probaron con dos niveles 15 y 30°C, 4 y 5.5 y 20 y 30 g/L respectivamente. Las condiciones con las que se alcanzó la concentración más alta de inulinasas (240.6 U/ml fueron: temperatura 30°C, pH 5.5 y 30 g/L de polifructosas de Agave tequilana

NUTRITIONAL AND ANTINUTRITIONAL EVALUATION OF WILD YAM (Dioscorea spp.

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Veerabahu Ramasamy Mohan

2011-05-01

The wild yam tubers consumed by the tribes Kanikkars / Palliyars of South- Eastern slopes of Western Ghats, Tamil Nadu (Dioscorea alata, D. bulbifera var vera, D. esculenta, D. oppositifolia var dukhumensis, D.oppositifolia var. oppositifolia, D. pentaphylla var. pentaphylla, D. spicata, D. tomentosa and D. wallichi were evaluated for its nutritional quality. From the present investigation, it is observed that most of the wild edible yams were found to be a good source of protein, lipid, crude fibre, starch, vitamins and minerals. Antinutritional substances like total free phenolics, tannins, hydrogen cyanide, total oxalate, amylase and trypsin inhibitor activities were quantified. Â

Calidad de consumo en variedades de boniato

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Sergio Caballo

2011-04-01

Full Text Available El presente trabajo describe una experiencia de degustación de cuatro variedades de boniatos, Beauregard, INIA- Arapey, Morada INTA, y el clon E9227.1, en dos formas de cocción, hervidos y horneados, realizada en INIA y LATU. Dos paneles pilotos de consumidores de ambas instituciones, evaluaron los atributos de sabor, textura, color y agrado general, empleando una escala hedónica de nueve puntos. El aspecto comercial fue evaluado estableciendo el orden de preferencia de las variedades sin cocinar. Se realizaron ensayos fisicoquímicos de fructosa, glucosa, sacarosa y maltosa sobre el material crudo y de materia seca y sólidos solubles totales a las muestras crudas y cocidas. El Morada se diferenció por su alto contenido de materia seca y sólidos solubles totales (SST del material procesado. El análisis estadístico  determinó mayor preferencia en aspecto comercial de Morada y clon E9227.1, como también un mayor valor en sabor y agrado general, tanto en la forma hervida como horneada. El valor obtenido en el atributo de color fue mayor en las variedades de pulpa naranja, Beauregard y clon E9227.1. Estos resultados  podrían tomarse como orientativos de las preferencias de consumidores uruguayos y una referencia para el mejoramiento genético, la producción, el comercio y el consumo. Sería recomendable ajustar medidas analíticas que se correlacionen con las preferencias sensoriales.

Carboidratos e carotenoides totais em duas variedades de mangarito

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Ana Paula Sato Ferreira

2014-05-01

Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a composição de carboidratos e carotenoides em rizomas mãe e filhos das variedades de mangarito (Xanthosoma riedelianum pequeno e gigante. Amostras dos rizomas coletadas ao longo do ciclo cultural e após 90 dias de armazenamento foram avaliadas quanto aos teores de carboidratos e carotenoides totais. Os rizomas apresentaram aumento no teor de carboidratos, e o rizoma-mãe da variedade pequeno apresentou acréscimos lineares no teor de carotenoides, ao longo do cultivo. O armazenamento reduz os teores de carboidratos e de carotenoides totais em todos os rizomas.

Caracterización estructural y térmica de almidones provenientes de diferentes variedades de papa

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Oscar Hernando Pardo C

2013-12-01

Full Text Available Utilizando análisis fisicoquímico, estructural y térmico, se evaluaron almidones de las variedades de papa Parda Pastusa (P, Tuquerreña (T, ICA Huila (IH, ICA Puracé (IP, ICA Única (IU, Criolla Latina (C y R-12 (R, cultivadas en el departamento de Boyacá, Colombia. En cada una de ellas se determinaron los contenidos de ceniza y proteína siguiendo métodos de la AOAC, humedad utilizando un analizador, estructura cristalina mediante difracción de rayos-X (DRX y propiedades térmicas utilizando calorimetría diferencial de barrido (DSC. Se encontraron diferencias significativas (P < 0.05 entre los contenidos de humedad en almidones. El almidón de la variedad IU presentó el mayor contenido de ceniza y el de la variedad T, el menor. Los difractogramas mostraron para todas las variedades patrones de cristalinidad tipo B; no obstante el almidón de las variedades IP, P, IU, T y IH presentó un patrón más cristalino que el de las variedades C y R. Los termogramas de los almidones mostraron el primer y segundo pico endotérmico, entre 123 y 163 J/g y entre 141 y 213.3 J/g, respectivamente, para las variedades IP, P, IU, T y IH; mientras que para los almidones de las variedades C y R estos valores fueron entre 68 y 77 J/g y entre 334 y 358 J/g, respectivamente.

Gas Chromatography, GC/Mass Analysis and Bioactivity of Essential Oil from Aerial Parts of Ferulago trifida: Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, AChE Inhibitory, General Toxicity, MTT Assay and Larvicidal Activities.

Science.gov (United States)

Tavakoli, Saeed; Vatandoost, Hassan; Zeidabadinezhad, Reza; Hajiaghaee, Reza; Hadjiakhoondi, Abbas; Abai, Mohammad Reza; Yassa, Narguess

2017-09-01

We aimed to investigate different biological properties of aerial parts essential oil of Ferulago trifida Boiss and larvicidal activity of its volatile oils from all parts of plant. Essential oil was prepared by steam distillation and analyzed by Gas chromatography and GC/Mass. Antioxidant, antimicrobial, cytotoxic effects and AChE inhibitory of the oil were investigated using DPPH, disk diffusion method, MTT assay and Ellman methods. Larvicidal activity of F. trifida essential oil against malaria vector Anopheles stephensi was carried out according to the method described by WHO. In GC and GC/MS analysis, 58 compounds were identified in the aerial parts essential oil, of which E-verbenol (9.66%), isobutyl acetate (25.73%) and E-β-caryophyllene (8.68%) were main compounds. The oil showed (IC 50 = 111.2μg/ml) in DPPH and IC 50 = 21.5 mg/ml in the investigation of AChE inhibitory. Furthermore, the oil demonstrated toxicity with (LD 50 = 1.1μg/ml) in brine shrimp lethality test and with (IC 50 = 22.0, 25.0 and 42.55 μg/ml) on three cancerous cell lines (MCF-7, A-549 and HT-29) respectively. LC 50 of stem, root, aerial parts, fruits, and flowers essential oils against larvae of An. stephensi were equal with 10.46, 22.27, 20.50, 31.93 and 79.87ppm respectively. In antimicrobial activities, essential oil was effective on all specimens except Escherichia coli , Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans. The essential oil showed moderate antioxidant activity, strong antimicrobial properties and good toxic effect in brine shrimp test and MTT assay on three cancerous cell lines.

Problemas de clasificación de curvas en variedades riemannianas

OpenAIRE

Fernández Mateos, Víctor Gonzalo

2011-01-01

En este trabajo se estudia el problema de congruencia de curvas en variedades riemannianas y se determinan invariantes que permiten decidir de modo eficiente por métodos computacionales cuándo dos tales curvas son congruentes, al menos localmente. En el caso de las variedades de curvatura constante, se estudia el conjunto de clases de equivalencia de jets de curvas hasta un orden dado módulo el grupo de isometrías. Se da también una interpretación geométrica de la curvatura total de una...

Pengaruh Fermentasi Bakteri Asam Laktat Terhadap Sifat Fisikokimia Tepung Gadung Modifikasi (Dioscorea hispida)

OpenAIRE

R. Haryo Bimo Setiarto; Nunuk Widhyastuti

2016-01-01

Yam (Dioscorea hispida) is one of the tubers belonging to the family dioscoreaceae. Yam tubers not only have high content of carbohydrate, but also contain some toxic compounds such as: cyanogenic glycosides, alkaloids dioscorin, dehydrodioscorin, saponin and sapogenin. Fermentation of yam tubers can affected for physicochemical and amylography characteristics of modified yam flour and reduced toxic compounds. This study was aimed to determine effect of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) fermentation...

Keragaman Alel Gadung Liar (Dioscorea bulbifera L. di Sumatera Barat

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Mansyurdin

2007-04-01

Full Text Available The variety of six enzymes locus on three populations of Dioscorea bulbifera was revealed using both starch and polyacrilamide gel electrophoresis. Present study showed three polymorphic loci has each 2 alleles with nine total numbers of alleles for all populations examined. The higher alleles variety detected within population (Hs=0,08 than among population (Dst=0,04. The high levels of gene flow (0.53 were due to low differentiation among population. This result supported low levels genetic variation among population examined. Alozime data revealed moderate differentiation genetically between Western and Eastern part population from Bukit Barisan edge.

Potencial agroindustrial de cáscaras de mango (Mangifera indica variedades Keitt y Tommy Atkins

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Liliana Serna Cock

2015-04-01

Full Text Available En el estudio se evaluó el potencial agroindustrial de las cáscaras de mango de las variedades Keitt y Tommy Atkins, por sus características de rendimientos, contenidos en compuestos fenólicos totales y composición proximal (materia seca, proteína, extracto etéreo, cenizas, fibras dietéticas y energía bruta. Las cáscaras se liofilizaron con el fin de preservar sus compuestos antioxidantes. Se utilizó un diseño unifactorial con dos niveles (variedades y los datos se presentan como media ± desviación estándar (P = 0.05. Con el procesamiento artesanal se produjeron 13.5 ± 0.48% de cáscaras para la variedad Tommy Atkins y 16.1 ± 0.5% para la variedad Keitt, con materia seca de 18 y 17%, respectivamente. Por sus contenidos de materia seca, estos residuos agroindustriales tienen un alto potencial para desarrollar productos de valor agregado. Ambas variedades presentaron cáscara con alto contenido de fibras soluble e insoluble (Keitt 22.1%bs y Tommy Atkins19.9% bs. Se concluye que las cáscaras de mango de estas variedades tienen potencial como ingrediente o suplemento alimentario y en la formulación de alimentos funcionales prebióticos, ya que son una excelente fuente de fibra dietética y de compuestos fenólicos (> 3000 mg/100 g de MS.

Gas Chromatography, GC/Mass Analysis and Bioactivity of Essential Oil from Aerial Parts of Ferulago trifida: Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, AChE Inhibitory, General Toxicity, MTT assay and Larvicidal Activities

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Saeed Tavakoli

2017-10-01

Full Text Available Background: We aimed to investigate different biological properties of aerial parts essential oil of Ferulago trifida Boiss and larvicidal activity of its volatile oils from all parts of plant.Methods: Essential oil was prepared by steam distillation and analyzed by Gas chromatography and GC/Mass. Anti­oxidant, antimicrobial, cytotoxic effects and AChE inhibitory of the oil were investigated using DPPH, disk diffusion method, MTT assay and Ellman methods. Larvicidal activity of F. trifida essential oil against malaria vector Anoph­eles stephensi was carried out according to the method described by WHO.Results: In GC and GC/MS analysis, 58 compounds were identified in the aerial parts essential oil, of which E-ver­benol (9.66%, isobutyl acetate (25.73% and E-β-caryophyllene (8.68% were main compounds. The oil showed (IC50= 111.2µg/ml in DPPH and IC50= 21.5 mg/ml in the investigation of AChE inhibitory. Furthermore, the oil demonstrated toxicity with (LD50= 1.1µg/ml in brine shrimp lethality test and with (IC50= 22.0, 25.0 and 42.55 µg/ml on three cancerous cell lines (MCF-7, A-549 and HT-29 respectively. LC50 of stem, root, aerial parts, fruits, and flowers essential oils against larvae of An. stephensi were equal with 10.46, 22.27, 20.50, 31.93 and 79.87ppm respectively. In antimicrobial activities, essential oil was effective on all specimens except Escherichia coli, Asper­gillus niger and Candida albicans.Conclusion: The essential oil showed moderate antioxidant activity, strong antimicrobial properties and good toxic effect in brine shrimp test and MTT assay on three cancerous cell lines.

IACuba 37: Nueva variedad de arroz, para las condiciones de riego.

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René Pérez Polanco

2014-12-01

Full Text Available La variedad IACuba-37 fue obtenida a partir del cruzamiento, IACuba-16//J104/2064; después de obtenida la población producto de dicho cruzamiento, fue conducida por el método masal modificado hasta llevarla a la homocigosis, se obtuvo entre varias línea, la 4544, la que fue estudiada en los ensayos de rendimiento de todo el País y por sus resultados, resultó aprobada como nueva variedad de arroz para las condiciones de riego por el Instituto de Investigaciones de Granos de Cuba. La nueva variedad en condiciones de investigación produce rendimiento agrícola medio de 8.4 y 5.5 t/ha en frío y primavera respectivamente, en condiciones de producción tuvo rendimiento de 8.9 t/ha; además el ciclo de germinación a cosecha está en el rango de 112- 137 días, posee granos cristalinos, los que se parten poco en el molino, produce el 59.97 % de granos enteros, es resistente a Tagosodes orizicolus y presenta resistencia intermedia a la Pyricularia grisea; esta variedad contribuirá al incremento de la producción en este cereal; por su resistencia a las plagas, permite disminuir el uso de plaguicidas y por ende existirá una menor contaminación ambiental, además ayudará a fortalecer la estructura varietal en el cultivo del arroz.

CARACTERIZACIÓN ISOENZIMÁTICA DE NUEVE VARIEDADES BOTÁNICAS DE Tigridia pavonia (L. f.) DC

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Amaury M. Arzate-Fernández

2008-01-01

Se estudiaron los patrones de bandeo isoenzimáticos (PBI) de nueve variedades botánicas de Tigridia pavonia (L. f.) DC., especie nativa de México con un alto potencial ornamental. Las variedades fueron recolectadas en tres municipios del Estado de México: Tenancingo (2100 m), Temascaltepec (2250 m) y Temoaya (2600 m). Como fuente de extracción de proteínas se usaron tejidos foliares de cada variedad. En los corrimientos se empleó la técnica de electroforesis horizontal en geles de almidón (SG...

Tolerância de variedades de cana-de-açúcar a herbicidas aplicados em pós-emergência e efeitos residuais sobre variedades de girassol

OpenAIRE

Souza, Joseane Rodrigues de [UNESP

2008-01-01

O experimento foi conduzido no Centro de Cana do Instituto Agronômico de Campinas, localizado no município de Ribeirão Preto, SP, com o objetivo de avaliar a tolerância de variedades de cana-de-açúcar a herbicidas aplicados em pós-emergência da cultura e o efeito residual no solo sobre variedades de girassol. O primeiro estudo foi desenvolvido em campo no delineamento de blocos casualizados em esquema de parcelas subdivididas com 36 tratamentos em quatro repetições. Foram utilizadas as varied...

Mejora genética participativa de la variedad criolla de frijol "Sacapobres"

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Rodolfo Araya-Villalobos

2006-01-01

Full Text Available Agricultores experimentadores de la Región Brunca de Costa Rica solicitaron en el año 1999, al Programa de Investigación y Transferencia de Tecnología Agropecuaria en frijol (PITTA Frijol, la mejora genética de la variedad criolla Sacapobres, una de las principales variedades criollas de la Región Brunca, que posee precocidad (60 días a cosecha, superando en más de diez días a la variedad mejorada más precoz y alto potencial de rendimiento en grano (no había podido ser sustituida por las variedades mejoradas en sus campos de producción, pero de alta emisión de guías y acame. En el Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical (CIAT y la Escuela Agrícola Panamericana Zamorano, se efectuaron hibridaciones con esta variedad criolla. La selección de los materiales segregantes se inició en los años 2000 y 2001, en Costa Rica y se basó en la metodología de fitomejoramiento participativo (FP. Los sitios de selección fueron fincas de agricultores y una estación experimental. El principal criterio empleado por los agricultores fue la arquitectura erecta (ausencia o poca emisión de guías y sin acame para facilitar el tránsito por el terreno en las labores de deshierba y fumigación, seguido del tipo, tamaño y color de grano e incidencia de patógenos. Se seleccionaron, en el año 2005, dos líneas promisorias, que pasarán a la etapa de validación. Se describe la estrategia de selección en FP, la genealogía de los progenitores empleados y se concluye sobre el futuro mejoramiento de Sacapobres

Hybridization of two biotypes of Lilioceris cheni will not hinder biological control of air potato, Dioscorea bulbifera

Science.gov (United States)

Dioscorea bulbifera L. (Dioscoreales: Dioscoreaceae), air potato, is a perennial vine native to Asia and Africa that is invasive in Florida and other parts of the southeastern United States. Air potato vines can grow more than 20 meters long and outcompete native vegetation in a variety of habitats....

Análise da variedade de produto na indústria automotiva brasileira

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Diego de Castro Fettermann

2015-08-01

Full Text Available A indústria automobilística tem apresentado uma maior variedade de produtos na tentativa de melhor atender as necessidades dos clientes. Entretanto, nem sempre a maior variedade de produtos está associada a maior quantidade de vendas, visto que o custos de produção tendem a aumentar com elevados níveis de variedade. O objetivo deste trabalho é identificar a associação entre a variedade dos automóveis no mercado brasileiro e a venda de veículos. A amostra representa o ano de 2013 e incorpora 94,35% do volume de licenciamentos de automóveis no Brasil, somando um total de 118 diferentes modelos analisados. Os resultados apresentados confirmam que a variedade dos automóveis disponibilizada no Brasil está associada significativamente com a venda de veículos. Além disto, de acordo com o segmento de mercado (entrada, compacto, sedan, utilitário e SUV, também foi analisada a associação entre a variedade de produto e a quantidade de vendas. Foi identificada correlação positiva e significativa ao nível de 5% em todas as categorias, com exceção dos veículos do tipo SUV. Entre esses segmentos de mercado, foi identificada que a variedade disponibilizada possui maior associação nos segmentos de automóveis de entrada e utilitários. Diante destes resultados, pode-se considerar que no mercado brasileiro a variedade de produtos apresenta forte associação com as vendas na indústria automobilística, diferentemente do apresentado em estudos internacionais, podendo contribuir para as definições estratégicas de atuação das empresas. The automobile industry has shown a greater variety of products in an attempt to better meet customer needs. However, not always the greatest product variety is associated with a higher amount of sales, since the production costs tend to increase with higher levels of variety. The objective of this work is to identify the association between the variety of vehicles in the Brazilian market and the sale

Total saponin of Dioscoreae hypoglaucae rhizoma ameliorates streptozotocin-induced diabetic nephropathy

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Guo C

2016-02-01

Full Text Available Changrun Guo,1 Gang Ding,2 Wenzhe Huang,2 Zhenzhong Wang,2 Zhaoqing Meng,1,2 Wei Xiao2 1State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China; 2Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd, Lianyungang City, People’s Republic of China Background: Diabetic nephropathy has become the most common cause of morbidity and mortality in diabetic patients. Therefore, there is an urgent need for more effective and safer drugs for use in this condition.Purpose: The aims of this study were to investigate the ameliorative effects of total saponin of Dioscoreae hypoglaucae rhizoma (TSD on diabetic nephropathy and to explore the potential underlying mechanism(s.Methods: Rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes were orally treated with TSD at 40, 80, and 160 mg/kg/d for 12 weeks. At the end of the treatment, blood, urine, and kidneys were collected for biochemical and histological examination.Results: The results demonstrated that TSD significantly decreased the fasting blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin, urinary protein, serum creatinine, and blood urea nitrogen levels in diabetic rats. The results of histological examinations showed that TSD ameliorated glomerular and tubular pathological changes in diabetic rats. Furthermore, TSD significantly prevented oxidative stress and reduced the renal levels of advanced glycation end products, transforming growth factor-β1, connective tissue growth factor, and tumor necrosis factor-α.Conclusion: This study demonstrated the renoprotective effects of TSD in experimental diabetic nephropathy via a number of different mechanisms. Keywords: total saponin of Dioscoreae hypoglaucae rhizoma, diabetic nephropathy, oxidative stress, AGEs, TGF-β1

Diagnose nutricional de variedades de cana-de-açúcar em argissolos

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Gilson Moura Filho

2014-11-01

Full Text Available A diagnose foliar é um dos métodos mais utilizados para se avaliar a demanda de nutrientes na cultura da cana-de-açúcar, contribuindo para um manejo melhor de fertilizantes. Objetivou-se avaliar o estado nutricional de variedades de cana-de-açúcar através da análise foliar e a mensuração dos teores foliares de macro e micronutrientes. Foram avaliadas as seguintes variedades: RB92579, RB867515, SP81-3250, VAT90-212, VAT90-61, SP83-2847, RB863129, RB931011, RB931566 e RB855113, em dois tipos de solo: Argisssolo Amarelo Distrocoeso Fragipânico (PAdx1 e Argisssolo Amarelo Distrocoeso Abrúptico Fragipânico (PAdx2 na Usina Cansanção de Sinimbú, Jequia da Praia-AL. O delineamento foi o de blocos casualizados arranjado em um fatorial de 2 x 10 consistindo de 10 variedades e quatro repetições para cada solo em estudo, quando foram avaliados os seguintes nutrientes: N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Zn, Fe, Mn, Cu e B. O PAdx2 foi o solo que disponibilizou, às plantas, maior quantidade de nutrientes em relação aos nutrientes P, Ca, Mg, Zn e Fe. A variedade SP81-3250 apresentou o melhor desempenho quanto ao teor foliar de nutrientes (K, S, Fe, Mn e Cu seguida pela RB931011, VAT90-61 e RB867515.

Genomic resources for water yam (Dioscorea alata L.): analyses of EST-Sequences, De Novo sequencing and GBS libraries

Science.gov (United States)

The reducing cost and rapid progress in next-generation sequencing techniques coupled with high performance computational approaches have resulted in large-scale discovery of advanced genomic resources such as SSRs, SNPs and InDels in several model and non-model plant species. Yam (Dioscorea spp.) i...

Identification of a thermal stable allergen in yam (Dioscorea opposita) to cause anaphylaxis

OpenAIRE

Xu, Ying-Yang; Yin, Jia

2018-01-01

Yam (Dioscorea opposita) is commonly consumed in East Asia, but allergic reaction to this plant food is rare. To date, there is no report of anaphylactic reaction after ingestion of cooked yam. We described 3 cases with anaphylaxis after eating boiled yam and 1 present with oral allergy syndrome as well. Basophil activation test in patients showed positive reactivity to boiled yam extract. In immunoblotting, a 30-kDa protein was recognized by all patients' sera and a 17-kDa band was detected ...

Dioscorea spp. (A Wild Edible Tuber): A Study on Its Ethnopharmacological Potential and Traditional Use by the Local People of Similipal Biosphere Reserve, India.

Science.gov (United States)

Kumar, Sanjeet; Das, Gitishree; Shin, Han-Seung; Patra, Jayanta Kumar

2017-01-01

A number of wild crops remain unexplored in this world and among them some have excellent medicinal and nutritional properties. India is a harbor of biodiversity in general and phytodiversity in particular. The plant diversity is distributed from the Western Ghats to Eastern Ghats, along with the North-Eastern region and from the Greater Himalayas to the plain of Ganga. Among these distributed floral regions of the country, the Eastern Ghats are important due to their rich floral diversity. The forests of Odisha form a major part of Eastern Ghats in general and the Similipal Biosphere Reserve (SBR) in particular. The SBR is inhabited by many local communities. The food and medicinal habits of these communities are not fully explored even today. They are dependent on the forests of SBR for their food and medicine. Among their collections from forests, root and tuberous plants play a significant role. The local communities of SBR use about 89 types of tuberous plants for various purposes. Dioscorea is one such tuber, having maximum use among the local of SBR. However, less documentation and no specific reports are available on the food and medicinal values of the species available in this part of the World. Dioscorea species, popularly known as Yam worldwide and as Ban Aalu in Odisha, India, is a prime staple medicinal-food substitute for the majority of rural and local people of the state of India. Of the 13 Dioscorea species available in SBR, 10 species are known to be bitter in taste and unpalatable when taken raw. Since less documentation is available on the Dioscorea species of SBR and their traditional uses, the present study was focused on the ethnobotany, nutritional and pharmacological values of these species along its nutraceutical importance.

Dioscorea Extract (DA-9801) Modulates Markers of Peripheral Neuropathy in Type 2 Diabetic db/db Mice.

Science.gov (United States)

Moon, Eunjung; Lee, Sung Ok; Kang, Tong Ho; Kim, Hye Ju; Choi, Sang Zin; Son, Mi-Won; Kim, Sun Yeou

2014-09-01

The purpose of this study was to investigate the therapeutic effects of DA-9801, an optimized extract of Dioscorea species, on diabetic peripheral neuropathy in a type 2 diabetic animal model. In this study, db/db mice were treated with DA-9801 (30 and 100 mg/kg, daily, p.o.) for 12 weeks. DA-9801 reduced the blood glucose levels and increased the withdrawal latencies in hot plate tests. Moreover, it prevented nerve damage based on increased nerve conduction velocity and ultrastructural changes. Decrease of nerve growth factor (NGF) may have a detrimental effect on diabetic neuropathy. We previously reported NGF regulatory properties of the Dioscorea genus. In this study, DA-9801 induced NGF production in rat primary astrocytes. In addition, it increased NGF levels in the sciatic nerve and the plasma of type 2 diabetic animals. DA-9801 also increased neurite outgrowth and mRNA expression of Tieg1/Klf10, an NGF target gene, in PC12 cells. These results demonstrated the attenuation of diabetic peripheral neuropathy by oral treatment with DA-9801 via NGF regulation. DA-9801 is currently being evaluated in a phase II clinical study.

Physicochemical Characteristics of Artificial Rice from Composite Flour: Modified Cassava Starch, Canavalia ensiformis and Dioscorea esculenta

Science.gov (United States)

Sumardiono, Siswo; Pudjihastuti, Isti; Handayani, Noer Abyor; Kusumayanti, Heny

2018-02-01

Indonesia is the third largest country on the global paddy rice production and also considered as a rice importer. Even, Indonesia has the biggest per capita consumption of paddy rice (140 kg of paddy rice per person per year). Product diversification using local commodities. Artificial rice is potential to be developed as a new value product using different types of grains. It is one of appropriate solutions for reducing imported rice rate. Artificial rice was produced using high nutrition composite flours (modified cassava starch, corn, Canavalian ensiformis, and Dioscorea esculenta). This study consists of three main stages, preparation of composite flour, formulation, and artificial rice production using hot extruder capacity 10 kg/day. The objectives of this studies were to investigate some formulation in compare with commercial paddy rice. Artificial rice has been successfully conducted using prototype of hot extruder with the temperature 95°C. Physical analyses (color and water absorption) were carried out to artificial rice product and commercial paddy rice. Chemical analyses (nutrition and amylose content) of product will be also presented in this study. The best formulation of artificial rice was achieved in 80% modified cassava starch, 10% Canavalian ensiformis, and 10% Dioscorea esculenta, respectively.

Estudio del contenido de ácidos grasos superiores en veinte variedades tropicales de soya

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Boris Kocelj Ramírez

2009-05-01

Full Text Available Muy poco se sabe acerca del contenido de ácidos grasos en las diferentes variedades tropicales de soya. En este trabajo se estudiaron veinte variedades tropicales de soya en lo referente a su contenido de aceite y en ácidos grasos. Se determinaros las propiedades físicas y químicas del aceite que lo caracteizan como comestible. El contenido cualitativo y cuantitativo de ácidos grasos individuales se investigó utilizando la técnica de cromatografía de gases. Se analizaron los éteres correspondientes, obtenidos por esterificación catalítica completa con trifluoruro de Boro-metanol. Se encontraron diferencias significativas entre las propiedades de los aceites de las variedades estudiadas. Se identificaron los ácidos: palmítico, esteárico, linoleico y linolénico

Anti-obesity and antioxidant activity of dietary flavonoids from Dioscorea steriscus tubers

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Pamhidzai Dzomba

2014-06-01

Full Text Available Objective: To investigate antioxidant and anti-obesity activity of flavonoids extracted by solvent cold percolation and preparative thin liquid chromatography from Dioscorea steriscus tubers. Methods: 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH antiradical activity was employed to investigate antioxidant activity while chromogenic method was used to determine alpha amylase inhibition activity and spectrophotometric methods using triolein as a substrate was used to investigate lipase activity. Results: Thin liquid chromatography profiling revealed eight different flavonoid types. Ethyl acetate extract yielded two types, Rf values 0.38 and 0.40; chloroform extract also yielded two types Rf values 0.06 and 0.51, while ethanol extract yielded four types with Rf values 0.16, 0.33, 0.65 and 0.96. All the extracted flavonoids exhibited antioxidant activity with ethanol extracts exhibiting the greatest antiradical activity. The order of enzyme inhibition capacity was ethyl acetateDioscorea steriscus consists of bioactive compounds that can act as lipase and α-amylase inhibitors and therefore can be useful for the development of functional foods against obesity. It can also be used as a source of lead compounds for designing new ant-obesity therapeuticals.

Susceptibilidad a insectos en selecciones y variedades de annona muricata l. y persea americana m. en Puerto Rico

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Irma Cabrera

2001-01-01

Full Text Available En Puerto Rico se han reportado varios insectos en las guanábanas (Annona muricata L. y los aguacates (Persea americana M, sin embargo los de mayor importancia son el barrenador de la semilla Bephratelloides cubensis (A. y Apate monacha (F. en A. muricata y Pseudacysta persea (F. en P. americana. El objetivo principal de esta investigación fue determinar la incidencia de B. cubensis y A. monacha en seis selecciones de guanábana y en siete variedades de aguacate. De las evaluaciones realizadas en A. muricata, se observó que las selecciones IV-10, VII-14 y VI-1 mostraron la mayor incidencia y la IV-16 mostró la menor incidencia de B. cubensis en relación al número de barrenos por fruta. En cuanto a la incidencia de A. monacha en A. muricata las selecciones IV-16, IV-2, IV-3, VII-14 presentaron la mayor incidencia de barrenos por árbol. En las evaluaciones realizadas en Persea americana se seleccionaron las variedades Ávila, Semil 34, Wilson Popenoe, Pollock, Candelaria, Semil 43 y Butler como las variedades comerciales más sembradas en Puerto Rico. Se observó que la variedad Avila obtuvo el mayor número de huevos, ninfas, hembras y machos de P. persea por hojas comparadas con las demás variedades. Respecto al número de hojas infestadas por árbol se encontró valores significativos (P≤0,01 en la variedad Avila. Resultando tener un 90% de las hojas dañadas. No se observó que las variedades evaluadas tuviese baja o ninguna preferencia a P. Persea

Understanding the genetic diversity and population structure of yam (Dioscorea alata L.) using microsatellite markers

Science.gov (United States)

Arnau, Gemma; MN, Sheela; Chair, Hana; Lebot, Vincent; K, Abraham; Perrier, Xavier; Petro, Dalila; Penet, Laurent; Pavis, Claudie

2017-01-01

Yams (Dioscorea sp.) are staple food crops for millions of people in tropical and subtropical regions. Dioscorea alata, also known as greater yam, is one of the major cultivated species and most widely distributed throughout the tropics. Despite its economic and cultural importance, very little is known about its origin, diversity and genetics. As a consequence, breeding efforts for resistance to its main disease, anthracnose, have been fairly limited. The objective of this study was to contribute to the understanding of D. alata genetic diversity by genotyping 384 accessions from different geographical regions (South Pacific, Asia, Africa and the Caribbean), using 24 microsatellite markers. Diversity structuration was assessed via Principal Coordinate Analysis, UPGMA analysis and the Bayesian approach implemented in STRUCTURE. Our results revealed the existence of a wide genetic diversity and a significant structuring associated with geographic origin, ploidy levels and morpho-agronomic characteristics. Seventeen major groups of genetically close cultivars have been identified, including eleven groups of diploid cultivars, four groups of triploids and two groups of tetraploids. STRUCTURE revealed the existence of six populations in the diploid genetic pool and a few admixed cultivars. These results will be very useful for rationalizing D. alata genetic resources in breeding programs across different regions and for improving germplasm conservation methods. PMID:28355293

Morpho-agronomic evaluation of air potato (Dioscorea bulbifera L.) in Panamá

OpenAIRE

Jiménez-Mo, Manuel; Aguilar Martínez, Aurealuz

2016-01-01

El objetivo de esta investigación fue ensayar y validar una propuesta de manejo técnico-productivo de Dioscorea bulbifera en las condiciones del trópico húmedo muy lluvioso de Donoso, Panamá; se ejecutó durante los años 2012 y 2013. La propuesta se ubicó en seis comunidades campesinas, estableciéndose tres parcelas de 25 plantas en cada una, manejando tres variantes: sistema tradicional, sistema tecnificado 1 (marco de siembra de 1,5 x 1,5 m) y sistema tecnificado 2 (marco de siembra de 2,0 x...

CONSTITUYENTES VOLÁTILES DE DOS VARIEDADES DE GUAYABA (Psidium guajava L.: Palmira ICA-1 y Glum Sali

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Clara E Quijano C

2010-08-01

Full Text Available Los constituyentes volátiles de la pulpa de dos variedades de guayaba (Psidium guajava L (Palmira ICA-1 y Glum Salí, fueron obtenidos por extracción L-L (pentano: diclorometano 1:1; los extractos concentrados se fraccionaron por Cromatografía de Columna y se analizaron por CGAR Y CGAR-EM. De la variedad Palmira - ICA-1 se identificaron 86 compuestos, siendo mayoritarios el acetato de cinamilo, el acetato de (Z 3-hexenilo y el alcohol cinnamílico. En la variedad Glum Sali, se determinaron 77 constituyentes, de los cuales predominaron cuantitativamente el (E-2-hexenal, el hexanal y el tetradecano. La principal diferencia en la composición de volátiles entre las dos variedades es el alto contenido de esteres en la primera variedad, mientras que en la Glum Sali predominaron los hidrocarburos y los aldehidos C(,. De los compuestos volátiles identificados en este trabajo, la 4- hidroxi-4-metil-2-pentanona, la 3-heptanona, el 3-hidroxibutanoato de etilo, el acetato de 2-hidroxietilo, el 1,2-propanodiol, el 1,2-etanodiol, el acetato de 3-metilbutilo y el 3-metil-2 butanol son reportados por primera vez como constituyentes del aroma de guayaba.

VIABILIDADE DO PÓLEN EM VARIEDADES DE LARANJA DOCE POLLEN VIABILITY IN SWEET ORANGE VARIETIES

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Edson Tobias Domingues

1999-01-01

Full Text Available Uma vez que a polinização é um dos pontos decisivos para o crescimento e desenvolvimento do fruto, contribuindo com os gametas masculinos para a fecundação e determinando, na maioria das vezes, a fixação dos frutos em citros, torna-se necessário conhecer o grau de esterilidade masculina nas diferentes variedades de laranja doce para sua possível utilização em programas de melhoramento. A esterilidade é limitante para programas que envolvam a hibridação sexual, por outro lado possui sua importância econômica em citros induzindo menor número de sementes por fruto em certas variedades. Com a finalidade de caracterizar 44 variedades de laranja doce (Citrus sinensis [L.] osbeck quanto à viabilidade do pólen, foram coletadas anteras das variedades enxertadas sobre tangerineira Cleópatra. As variedades estudadas pertencem aos principais grupos de laranja doce: com acidez (como a laranja 'Pêra', de baixa acidez (como a laranja 'Lima', com umbigo (como a laranja 'Bahia' e sangüíneas (como a laranja 'Rubi Blood'. O percentual de pólen viável foi avaliado por meio da coloração com carmim acético a 25% e contagem sob microscópio ótico. Foram observados valores que variaram desde 12,0% para a 'Pêra Sem Sementes' até 88,8% para a variedade 'Hamlin Reserva'. Os clones de laranja 'Hamlin' mostraram maior percentual de pólen viável. Não foi observada presença de pólen para as variedades produtoras de laranjas de umbigo, originadas da variedade Bahia. As variedades 'Pêra', 'Valência' e 'Natal', as quais são as principais cultivares da citricultura paulista e nacional, apresentaram baixos percentuais de pólen viável.Pollination is one of the most critical points in fruit growth and development, contributing with male gametes for fertilization and determine, greatly, fruit setting in citrus. It is necessary to evaluate male sterility in sweet orange varieties for their possible use in breeding programs. The sterility limits

Cruzamento dialélico parcial entre variedades locais do Paraná e variedades sintéticas de milho Partial dialell cross between landraces from Paraná and synthetic varieties of maize

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Vanessa Kostetzer

2009-09-01

Full Text Available Os objetivos deste trabalho foram determinar as capacidades geral e específica de combinação entre variedades locais e sintéticas de milho e identificar cruzamentos que reúnam características de interesse agronômico, com vistas à síntese de variedades. O dialelo parcial foi realizado com 11 variedades sintéticas cruzadas com cinco variedades locais do Paraná. As combinações híbridas resultantes foram avaliadas juntamente com as cinco variedades locais genitoras e com cinco híbridos comerciais, em blocos completos ao acaso com quatro repetições, em São João do Triunfo e Londrina, PR. Houve interação genótipo x local para a maioria dos caracteres avaliados, com predominância da interação da capacidade geral de combinação x local. As melhores estimativas de capacidade geral de combinação do grupo dos sintéticos foram observadas para ST09 e ST04 e, no grupo das variedades, para MC45 e IAPAR 50, considerando-se o conjunto das características e de locais. As melhores combinações híbridas (MC34 x ST04, IAPAR 50 x ST07, MC47 x ST09, MC45 x ST02, MC51 x ST04 e MC45 x ST01 apresentaram estimativas positivas de capacidade específica de combinação quanto à produtividade, em ambos os locais. Existem combinações híbridas com potencial para síntese de novas variedades com padrões de produtividade, altura de planta, posição relativa da espiga e percentagem de espigas danificadas e de plantas acamadas e quebradas melhores que os observados em variedades locais per se e mais semelhantes aos dos híbridos comerciais.The objectives of this work were to determine the general and specific combining ability between landraces and synthetic varieties of maize and to identify the crosses that combine important agronomic traits, to develop new maize varieties. A partial diallel was done with 11 synthetic varieties crossed with five landraces. The crosses were evaluated along with the five parental landraces and five commercial

Contacto y constitución de variedades del español en el Putumayo, Colombia

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Arboleda Toro Rubén

2003-06-01

Full Text Available

En distintos lugares de Hispanoamérica se viven procesos lingüísticos análogos al que se dio con la llegada de los españoles a territorio americano; es,  el contacto de diferentes variedades de español, que  desemboca en la constitución del español de América. Uno de esos procesos es el que se viven en el Bajo Putumayo (Amazonia occidental colombiana. Esta región del departamento de Putumayo ha sido objeto de una colonización intensa, sobre todo a partir de 1950 aproximadamente, motivada por distintas bonanzas regionales como la coca, el petróleo e incluso la madera  (antes fueron la quina y el caucho y por los desplazamientos originados por el conflicto armado y otros hechos de violencia en Colombia. La población colona predominante, proveniente del departamento de Nariño y del Alto Putumayo, es hablante de una variedad conocida como español andino;  pero al lado de esta población han llegado hablantes de español tolimense, antioqueño, llanero y costeño (pacífico y atlántico, entre otros. El contacto de estas variedades parece estar originando una nueva variedad, según lo insinúan unos primeros datos recolectados. Atendiendo a un modelo de análisis propuesto por Germán de Granda, consideramos que el proceso de constitución  de la nueva variedad se encuentra en una primera etapa, la de koimeización, que comprende procesos nivelación y simplificación.

EVALUACIÓN MORFOAGRONÓMICA DE LA PAPA DE AIRE (Dioscorea bulbifera L.) EN PANAMÁ

OpenAIRE

Manuel Jiménez-Montero; Aurealuz Aguilar Martínez

2016-01-01

El objetivo de esta investigación fue ensayar y validar una propuesta de manejo técnico-productivo de Dioscorea bulbifera en las condiciones del trópico húmedo muy lluvioso de Donoso, Panamá; se ejecutó durante los años 2012 y 2013. La propuesta se ubicó en seis comunidades campesinas, estableciéndose tres parcelas de 25 plantas en cada una, manejando tres variantes: sistema tradicional, sistema tecnificado 1 (marco de siembra de 1,5 x 1,5 m) ...

Physicochemical Characteristics of Artificial Rice from Composite Flour: Modified Cassava Starch, Canavalia ensiformis and Dioscorea esculenta

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Sumardiono Siswo

2018-01-01

Full Text Available Indonesia is the third largest country on the global paddy rice production and also considered as a rice importer. Even, Indonesia has the biggest per capita consumption of paddy rice (140 kg of paddy rice per person per year. Product diversification using local commodities. Artificial rice is potential to be developed as a new value product using different types of grains. It is one of appropriate solutions for reducing imported rice rate. Artificial rice was produced using high nutrition composite flours (modified cassava starch, corn, Canavalian ensiformis, and Dioscorea esculenta. This study consists of three main stages, preparation of composite flour, formulation, and artificial rice production using hot extruder capacity 10 kg/day. The objectives of this studies were to investigate some formulation in compare with commercial paddy rice. Artificial rice has been successfully conducted using prototype of hot extruder with the temperature 95°C. Physical analyses (color and water absorption were carried out to artificial rice product and commercial paddy rice. Chemical analyses (nutrition and amylose content of product will be also presented in this study. The best formulation of artificial rice was achieved in 80% modified cassava starch, 10% Canavalian ensiformis, and 10% Dioscorea esculenta, respectively.

The tuber extract and flour of Dioscorea alatanormalize the blood lipid profile of rabbits treated with high cholesterol diets

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Nelis Imanningsih

2014-08-01

Full Text Available AbstrakLatar belakang: Umbi Dioscorea alata (DA memiliki potensi untuk mencegah kondisi hiperlipidemia karena mengandung senyawa bioaktif antosianin, serat pangan, dan diosgenin yang bermanfaat dalam menormalkan kadar lipida darah. Pada penelitian ini dipelajari pengaruh pemberian ekstrak air dan tepung umbi DA dalam menormalkan profil lipida darah kelinci yang diberi ransum tinggi kolesterol.Metode: Ekstrak dan tepung umbi DA diberikan kepada kelinci percobaan selama 60 hari dengan disain penelitian rancangan acak lengkap. Perlakuan ransum sebagai berikut: 1 Ransum basal sebagai kontrol negatif (K0, 2 Ransum basal + kolesterol 0.5% sebagai kontrol positif (K1, 3 Ransum basal+kolesterol 0.5% + ekstrak DA 1.8 g/100 g (KE1, 4 Ransum basal+kolesterol 0.5%+ekstrak DA 3.6 g/100 g (KE2, 5 Ransum basal mengandung 15% tepung DA + kolesterol 0.5% (KT1 dan 6 Ransum basal mengandung 30% tepung DA + kolesterol 0.5% (KT2. Kadar total kolesterol, LDL, HDL kolesterol dan trigliserida pada serum dianalisa pada awal, hari ke 28, hari ke 56 dan pada akhir penelitian. Hasil: Pemberian ransum tinggi kolesterol sebanyak 1% meningkatkan kadar kolesterol darah sebesar 16 kali dibandingkan kontrol. Pemberian 15% dan 30% tepung DA ransum tinggi kolesterol dapat mempertahakankan profil lipida darah kelinci ke arah normal, khususnya pada substitusi 30% tepung DA. Akan tetapi, ekstrak air tepung DA tidak dapat mempertahankan kadar lipida normal kelinci yang diberi ransum tinggi kolesterol. Kesimpulan:Tepung DA memiliki efek anti-hiperlipidemia. (Health Science Indones 2014;1:23-9Kata kunci:ekstrak, tepung, Dioscorea alata, hiperlipidemiaAbstractBackground: Dioscorea alata(DA tuber has potential to prevent the condition of hyperlipidemia due to the bioactive compound, such as anthocyanins, diosgenin, and dietary fiber that beneficial in normalizing blood lipid profiles. In this research, the effect of water extract and flour of DA tuber administration was examined on

Characterization of the yam tuber storage proteins from Dioscorea batatas exhibiting unique lectin activities.

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Gaidamashvili, Mariam; Ohizumi, Yuki; Iijima, Shinichiro; Takayama, Tomo; Ogawa, Tomohisa; Muramoto, Koji

2004-06-18

Four major proteins designated DB1, DB2, DB3, and DB4 were isolated and characterized from the yam tuber Dioscorea batatas. The ratios of their yields were 20:50:20:10. DB1 was a mannose-binding lectin (20 kDa) consisting of 10-kDa subunits and was classified as the monocot mannose-binding lectin family. DB2, accounting for 50% of the total protein, was the storage protein, commonly called dioscorins consisting of a 31-kDa subunit. On the basis of amino acid sequence, DB2 was classified to be dioscorin A. DB3 was a maltose-binding lectin, having an apparent molecular mass of 120 kDa and composed of a 66-kDa subunit and two 31-kDa subunits (DB3S). The 66-kDa subunit was further composed of two 31-kDa subunits (DB3L) cross-linked by disulfide bonds. DB3L and DB3S (242 and 241 amino acid residues, respectively) were homologous with each other with 72% sequence identity. They showed a sequence homology to dioscorin B and dioscorin A from Dioscorea alata, with 90 and 93% identity, respectively, and to carbonic anhydrase from Arabidopsis thaliana with about 45% identity. DB3S had one intrachain disulfide bond located at Cys(28)-Cys(187), whereas DB3L had one interchain disulfide bond (Cys(40)-Cys(40)') in addition to the intrachain disulfide bond (Cys(28)-Cys(188)) to form a 66-kDa subunit. DB1 and DB3 agglutinated rabbit erythrocytes at 2.7 and 3.9 microg/ml, respectively. Despite the structural homology between DB2 and DB3, DB2 had no lectin activity. The 66-kDa subunit itself revealed the full hemagglutinating activity of DB3, indicating that DB3L but not DB3S was responsible for the activity. The hemagglutinating activity of DB3 required Ca(2+) ions and was exclusively inhibited by maltose and oligomaltoses (e.g. maltopentaose and maltohexaose) but not by d-glucose. DB3 could not be classified into any known plant lectin family. DB4 was a chitinase, homologous to an acidic chitinase from Dioscorea japonica. DB1, DB2, and DB3 did not show any activity of carbonic

Evolution and Phylogenetic Diversity of Yam Species (Dioscorea spp.: Implication for Conservation and Agricultural Practices.

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Marie Florence Sandrine Ngo Ngwe

Full Text Available Yams (Dioscorea spp. consist of approximately 600 species. Presently, these species are threatened by genetic erosion due to many factors such as pest attacks and farming practices. In parallel, complex taxonomic boundaries in this genus makes it more challenging to properly address the genetic diversity of yam and manage its germplasm. As a first step toward evaluating and preserving the genetic diversity yam species, we use a phylogenetic diversity (PD approach that has the advantage to investigate phylogenetic relationships and test hypotheses of species monophyly while alleviating to the problem of ploidy variation within and among species. The Bayesian phylogenetic analysis of 62 accessions from 7 species from three regions of Cameroon showed that most Dioscorea sections were monophyletic, but species within sections were generally non-monophyletic. The wild species D. praehensilis and cultivated D. cayenensis were the species with the highest PD. At the opposite, D. esculenta has a low PD and future studies should focus on this species to properly address its conservation status. We also show that wild species show a stronger genetic structure than cultivated species, which potentially reflects the management of the yam germplasm by farmers. These findings show that phylogenetic diversity is a promising approach for an initial investigation of genetic diversity in a crop consisting of closely related species.

Efecto de variedades de algodón genéticamente modificadas sobre larvas de Spodoptera frugiperda Smith (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae

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Sandra Jimena Valencia Cataño

2014-01-01

Full Text Available Spodoptera frugiperda es una plaga polífaga de importancia económica en países tropicales y subtropicales. En Colombia ataca el algodonero (Gossypium hirsutum L., cultivo que ha tomado importancia gracias a la adopción de variedades genéticamente modificadas (GM. En el estudio se determinaron los efectos subletales de algunas de estas variedades sobre larvas de este insecto. Para el efecto, en condiciones de laboratorio (27°C, 65 ± 10% HR y 12 h fotoperiodo se evaluaron las variedades NuOPAL RR (proteína Cry1Ac, DP141 B2RF (proteínas Cry1Ac+Cry2Ab y DeltaOPAL RR (no Bt. Los parámetros evaluados fueron: (a peso de larvas, (bpeso de heces, (c peso del alimento ofrecido y (d peso del alimento no consumido. Como índices de consumo y digestibilidad se calcularon la tasa relativa de consumo (TRCo, la tasa relativa de crecimiento (TRCr, la eficiencia de conversión del alimento ingerido (ECI y la digestibilidad aproximada (DA. Los índices mostraron actividad antialimentaria de la variedad DP141 B2RF (Cry1Ac+Cry2Ab que afecta de forma negativa la tasa de crecimiento y la conversión del alimento por parte de las larvas. El peso de las larvas alimentadas en DP141 B2RF (Cry1Ac+Cry2Ab fue 58.6% menor que en la variedad no Bt. Los resultados muestran un efecto adverso de la variedad DP141 B2RF (Cry1Ac+Cry2Ab en el desarrollo larval de S. frugiperda. Se confirman los efectos antibióticos de las variedades GM evaluadas que inciden en un menor desarrollo y en la supervivencia de las larvas.

Production of diosgenin from Dioscorea zingiberensis with mixed culture in a new tray bioreactor

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Yutong Cheng

2016-01-01

Full Text Available A new tray bioreactor was developed for the production of diosgenin from Dioscorea zingiberensis with Trichoderma reesei and Aspergillus fumigatus. The influence of initial moisture content, temperature, tray bed depth and mixing times was investigated. The best fermentation condition is initial moisture content of 75%, bioreactor temperature of 35°C, solid bed depth of 1.5 cm and three mixings carrying out on the first, third and fifth day. Under the optimized fermentation conditions, after 144 h incubation, maximum diogenin concentration of 68.2 μmol/g was detected.

An overview for the application of multispectral device for determination of alkaloid level in dioscorea hispida

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Syazili Roslan; Mohd Hudzari Haji Razali; Wan Ishak Wan Ismail

2012-01-01

Recently with development of computer imaging, the application field of near infrared image processing becomes much wider. The potential of machine vision application in the determination of alkaloid in Dioscorea hispida rhizome was explored. A camera vision system used in this research is TETRACAM multispectral camera, which consists of three bands, namely red band (R), green band (G) and near infrared band (NIR). The first component is the hardware component that functions as an image acqui...

KARAKTERISASI DAN JARAK KEMIRIPAN UWI (Dioscorea alata L. BERDASARKAN PENANDA MORFOLOGI UMBI

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Trimanto Trimanto

2012-01-01

Full Text Available Yam (Dioscorea alata L. is a potential local crop for supporting food security program in Indonesia.  Inventory and characterization of yam have been conducted in scattered population at Nganjuk region - East Java.  The research was aimed to identify the characteristic of Nganjuk’s yam, based on the tuber morphology and to determine its similarity distance value.  The characterisation were analyzed using interval similarity function, based on NTSys DICE coefficient programme. The result showed that 22 accession numbers which comprises of 13 variants of yam were found in Nganjuk region. The same variants of yams indicated by their close similarity distance although they were originated from different areas.

Interpretación geométrica de algunas variedades de Schubert

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Juan F. Escamilla

2012-03-01

Full Text Available En este artículo se dan interpretaciones geométricas de las variedades de Schubert de los Grassmannianos G(2,4, G(3,5 y G(2,5, y algunas de sus interpretaciones en la geometría enumerativa

[Formation of protodioscin and deltoside isomers in suspension cultures of Nepal yam (Dioscorea deltoidea Wall.) cells].

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Khandy, M T; Titova, M V; Konstantinova, S V; Kochkin, D V; Ivanov, I M; Nosov, A M

2016-01-01

Changes in the content of the furostanol glycosides protodioscin and deltoside, particularly that of the (25S)-isomers of the glycosides, during suspension cultivation of different lines of Nepal yam (Dioscorea deltoidea Wall.) cells of the strain IFR-DM-0.5 has been investigated. The composition of furostanol glycosides has been characterized, and the dynamics of the accumulation of individual glycosides during lengthy subcultivation of cells maintained in flasks or in a barbotage bioreactor has been analyzed. A positive correlation between the growth and accumulation of substances that belonged to the class of furostanol glycosides has been demonstrated for cultured dioscorea cells, whereas the content of some of the individual glycosides varied considerably between the lines of the strain, cultures maintained under different conditions, and even between cells in different phases of the growth cycle. The increased content of (25R)-forms of the glycosides (protodioscin and deltoside) was correlated with a decrease in the cellular growth rate, whereas an increase in culture growth intensity occurred concomitantly to an increase of the amount of (25S)-isomers. This may be indicative of the specific stimulatory effect of (25S)-glycosides, but not the (25R)-forms, on cell proliferation in vitro. Thus, the concentration of (25S)-forms may increase due to the autoselection of cells capable of intensive division during prolonged cultivation.

Characterization of steroidal saponins from Dioscorea villosa and D Cayennensis using ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization quadruple time-of-flight mass spectrometry

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Steroidal saponins were reported to be the major physiologically active constituents in yams. The structural characteristics of steroidal saponins in methanolic extracts from dried rhizomes of two Dioscorea species (D. villosa L. and D. cayenensis Lam.) and dietary supplements have analyzed using U...

Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis of the Dioscin Rich Medicinal Plant Dioscorea nipponica

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Wei Sun

2017-06-01

Full Text Available Dioscorea contains critically important species which can be used as staple foods or sources of bioactive substances, including Dioscorea nipponica, which has been used to develop highly successful drugs to treat cardiovascular disease. Its major active ingredients are thought to be sterol compounds such as diosgenin, which has been called “medicinal gold” because of its valuable properties. However, reliance on naturally growing plants as a production system limits the potential use of D. nipponica, raising interest in engineering metabolic pathways to enhance the production of secondary metabolites. However, the biosynthetic pathway of diosgenin is still poorly understood, and D. nipponica is poorly characterized at a molecular level, hindering in-depth investigation. In the present work, the RNAs from five organs and seven methyl jasmonate treated D. nipponica rhizomes were sequenced using the Illumina high-throughput sequencing platform, yielding 52 gigabases of data, which were pooled and assembled into a reference transcriptome. Four hundred and eighty two genes were found to be highly expressed in the rhizomes, and these genes are mainly involved in stress response and transcriptional regulation. Based on their expression patterns, 36 genes were selected for further investigation as candidate genes involved in dioscin biosynthesis. Constructing co-expression networks based on significant changes in gene expression revealed 15 gene modules. Of these, four modules with properties correlating to dioscin regulation and biosynthesis, consisting of 4,665 genes in total, were selected for further functional investigation. These results improve our understanding of dioscin biosynthesis in this important medicinal plant and will help guide more intensive investigations.

INCIDENCIA DE POBLACIONES DE SIEMBRA Y LONGITUDES DE GUÍA EN RENDIMIENTO DE VARIEDADES DE CAMOTE

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Gloria Cobeña Ruíz

2017-06-01

Full Text Available El trabajo tuvo la finalidad de evaluar la producción de follaje, número y rendimiento de raíces comerciales en dos variedades de camote (Ipomoea batatas L., Toquecita introducida del CIP-Perú y clasificada como promisoria en la Estación Experimental Portoviejo del INIAP y Guayaco Morado, variedad local, mayormente comercializada por los agricultores, frente a dos longitud de guías (0,10; 0,30 m y cuatro arreglos poblacionales (25 000, 33 333, 50 000, 66 666 plantas.ha-1. El experimento, se condujo en dos localidades de la Costa ecuatoriana (sitio San Eloy, cantón Rocafuerte, provincia de Manabí y El Salado, cantón Santa Elena, provincia Santa Elena, bajo un diseño de bloques completamente al azar en arreglo factorial 2x2x4, con 16 tratamientos y tres repeticiones por localidad. Los resultados permitieron identificar en el sitio El Salado, a la variedad Toquecita como superior en rendimiento (42,9 t.ha-1 con longitud de guía 0,30 m y un arreglo poblacional de 66 666 plantas ha-1 (0,30 x1,00 m; 2 guías/sitio. Mientras que en San Eloy, también se destacó la variedad Toquecita con 47,1 t.ha-1, con la misma densidad de plantas, pero con una longitud de guía de 0,10 m. Se concluye que en los dos sitios la variedad Toquecita presentó el mejor comportamiento de rendimiento de follaje y raíces comerciales, posiblemente influenciado por la alta densidad poblacional, sin que la longitud de guía afecte a los mismos.

Caracterización física del fruto en variedades de plátano cultivadas en la zona cafetera de Colombia

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Francisco Javier Castellanos Galeano

2011-04-01

Full Text Available Se analizaron el peso, la longitud, el diámetro central y la densidad de frutos con cáscara y sin ella, y la materia seca (MS de las variedades de plátano del grupo Plantain (AAB: África, Dominico Hartón, Cubano Blanco y Hartón, además las del grupo Bluggoe (ABB: Cachaco o Popocho, y los híbridos (AAAB: FHIA 20 y FHIA 21 repetidas dos veces, con excepción del hibrido FHIA 21 que tenía una repetición. Las variedades Cachaco, Cubano Blanco y Hartón se cosecharon en el área rural de los municipios de Padilla y Guachené (28 °C, 1500 mm/año, humedad relativa de 65%, a 1000 m.s.n.m., departamento del Cauca, Colombia. Las demás variedades provenían del municipio de Palestina (22.5°C, 2100 mm/año, humedad relativa de 76%, 1050 m.s.n.m. departamento de Caldas, Colombia. Las variables peso, longitud y diámetro central fueron mayores en las variedades África, Hartón y Dominico Hartón, mientras que las variedades FHIA 20 y Cachaco presentaron valores de estas variables por debajo del promedio del grupo en estudio, excepto en el contenido de cáscara donde presentaron los valores más altos. El contenido de materia seca fue más alto en los cultivares Cubano Blanco y Dominico Hartón y menores en las variedades Cachaco y FHIA 20. Se observó un comportamiento homogéneo en todas las variables físicas entre las variedades que pertenecen al grupo Plantain, por ello resaltan las variedades Hartón y Dominico Hartón como las más homogéneas en todas las variables físicas.

Algoritmo de lanczos na variedade de grassmann

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Lopes, Ana Paula Ferreira Fernandes; Viamonte, Ana Júlia; Pascoal, António José

2008-01-01

O problema do cálculo de valores próprios, vectores próprios e subespaços invariantes está presente em áreas tão diversas como Engenharia, Física, Ciências de Computação e Matemática. Considerando a importância deste problema em tantas aplicações práticas, não é de surpreender que tenha sido e continue a ser objecto de intensa investigação, dando corpo a uma literatura muito vasta. Desenvolvemos um novo algoritmo de Lanczos na variedade de Grassmann. Este trabalho surgiu na ...

Composición esterólica de la fracción insaponificable del aceite de aguacate de distintas variedades

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Martínez Nieto, L.

1994-12-01

Full Text Available The study of the sterolic composition of the unsaponifiable fraction of oil obtained from several varieties of avocados (Bacon, Fuerte, Hass, and Reed there is not any difference among several areas, sizes and pick up dates for the same variety, but there are differences that depend on the analysed variety, therefore it is possible to concluir that an itemized analysis of the sterolic composition of the oil may be an avocado variety indicator.

El estudio de la composición esterólica de la fracción insaponificable de aceite obtenido de distintas variedades de aguacates (Bacon, Fuerte, Hass y Reed pone de manifiesto que no existen diferencias para una misma variedad incluso para distintas zonas, calibres y fechas de corte, pero si existen diferencias que dependen de la variedad analizada, pudiéndose concluir que un análisis detallado de la composición esterólica puede ser indicativo de la variedad de aguacate de que procede un aceite.

A identificação das variedades regionais do português brasileiro através da informação entoacional

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Peres, Daniel Oliveira

2017-01-01

Resumo Este estudo tem como objetivo verificar se falantes do português brasileiro são capazes de reconhecer suas próprias variedades regionais a partir das informações entoacionais. Além disso, também pretende procurar pistas nas variações de F0 que possam justificar o desempenho dos participantes. Os dois experimentos realizados neste trabalho foram feitos com base em três variedades do Português Brasileiro: a variedade de Pelotas (RS), São Paulo (bairro da Mooca) e Senador Pompeu (CE). O e...

Formas armónicas con valores en un fibrado vectorial e inmersiones de variedades riemannianas

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Llauce Santamaría, Edwin Edilberto

2014-01-01

El propósito de este trabajo es discutir la aplicación de la teoría de las formas armónicas con valores en un fibrado vectorial y su relación con las inmersiones en una variedad riemanniana. Sea M una variedad riemanniana y E un fibrado vectorial riemanniano sobre M, entonces podemos definir de manera natural el operador laplaciano en las formas diferenciales con valores en E y expresaremos el producto escalar ⟨θ, θ⟩, donde θ es una p-forma con valores en E, en términos de la curvatura y la d...

Antioxidant activities of dioscorin, the storage protein of yam (Dioscorea batatas Decne) tuber.

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Hou, W C; Lee, M H; Chen, H J; Liang, W L; Han, C H; Liu, Y W; Lin, Y H

2001-10-01

Dioscorin, the storage protein of yam (Dioscorea batatas Decne) tuber (which is different from dioscorine found in tubers of Dioscorea hirsuta), was purified to homogeneity after DE-52 ion exchange column according to the methods of Hou et al. (J. Agric. Food Chem. 1999, 47, 2168-2172). A single band of 32 kDa dioscorin was obtained on a sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis gel with 2-mercaptoethanol treatment. This purified dioscorin was shown by spectrophotometric method to have scavenging activity against 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical in a pH-dependent manner. There is a positive correlation between scavenging effects against DPPH (8-46%) and amounts of 32 kDa dioscorin (5.97-47.80 nmol) added in Tris-HCl buffer (pH 7.9), which are comparable to those of glutathione at the same concentrations. Using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectrometry for DPPH radical detection, it was found that the intensities of the EPR signal were decreased by 28.6 and 57 nmol of 32 kDa dioscorin in Tris-HCl buffer (pH 7.9) more than in distilled water compared to controls. EPR spectrometry was also used for hydroxyl radical detection. It was found that 32 kDa dioscorin could capture hydroxyl radical, and the intensities of the EPR signal were significantly decreased dose-dependently by 1.79-14.32 nmol of 32 kDa dioscorin (r = 0.975) compared to the control. It is suggested that 32 kDa dioscorin, the storage protein of yam tuber, may play a role as antioxidant in tubers and may be beneficial for health when people take it as a food additive or consume yam tubers.

Dioscorea alata tuber proteome analysis shows over thirty dioscorin isoforms and novel tuber proteins.

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Sharma, Shruti; Gupta, Ravi; Deswal, Renu

2017-05-01

In Dioscorea, dioscorin (31 kDa) is the major storage protein constituting 85% of the total tuber proteins. An integrated proteomic and biochemical approach was used to understand the physiological role of dioscorin in the two contrasting growth stages (germinating and mature tuber). HPLC analysis showed 3 fold reduction in mannitol and 12.88 and 1.24 fold increase in sucrose and maltose in the germinating tuber. A 1.8 and 3 fold increase in sucrose phosphate synthase and mannitol dehydrogenase activity respectively was observed in the germinating tuber while a 2 fold higher invertase probably lowers the sucrose accumulation in the mature tuber. SDS-PAGE and 2-D maps of the mature and germinating tubers confirmed depletion (more than 50%) of dioscorin on germination. Dioscorin was purified using ion exchange and gel filtration chromatography with 43.32 fold purification and 38.16 yield. Out of a trail of 35 spots at 31 kDa only 12 spots (identified as dioscorin isoforms) were present in the 2D gel of the purified fraction. To search for other tuber proteins besides dioscorin, the unbound fractions of DEAE column were analysed by 2DGE. DREB 1A, caffeic acid 3-O-methyltransferase and Rab-1 small GTP binding protein were identified perhaps for the first time in the Dioscorea proteome. The interactome analysis revealed these to be involved in oxidative stress, carotenoid synthesis and vesicular transport. This is perhaps the first attempt to identify tuber proteome (although limited) and to understand the physiological significance of these proteins. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

Estudio de las propiedades fisico químicas y calidad nutricional en distintas variedades de frijol consumidas en México

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América Fernanda Fernández Valenciano

2017-01-01

Full Text Available Introducción : El frijol común ( Phaseolus vulgaris L. es la leguminosa más importante para consumo humano en el mundo , es una fuente importante de proteína, calorías, vitamin as del complejo B y minerales . P o r lo que el objetivo del trabajo de investigación fue estudiar las propiedades f isico químicas y la calidad nutricional en las principales variedades de frijol consumidas y producidas en México, con el propósito de conocer sus beneficios nutricionales para el consumidor. Método : En este estudio se seleccionaron seis variedades de frijol más representativas y consumidas en México : Bayo, Negro, Peruano, Flor de Mayo, Alubia y Pinto, así como, una varieda d de frijol ejotero. A estas variedades se les determin aron las propiedades fisicoquímicas, C, H y N por medio del Analizador Orgánico Elemental Flash 2000. La determinación de Cu, Fe, Zn, Ni, Na, K, Ca y Mg se de terminó por espectrofotometría de absorción atómica y el P se terminó por espectrofotometría y metavandato - molibdato de amonio . Resultados : Se encontraron diferencias significativas en las propiedades f isico químicas, así como, en el contenido de macro y micronutrientes en las diferentes variedades de frijol estudiadas. En general, sobresali ó el frijol ejotero en las propiedades f isico químicas, contenido de micronutrientes y macronutrientes en relación a las variedades de frijol en grano. Discusión o Conclusión : La semilla del ejote presentó las máx imas concentraciones en proteína, N, P, K, Mg, Fe y Zn, mientras que las variedades de frijol de grano estudiadas sobresalieron en fibra (Alubia, proteínas (Pinto y Bayo, en Fe (Flor de Mayo. Por ú ltimo , resaltar que la variedad de frijol de grano estud iada que p resent ó un aporte bajo en proteína, contenido de N, Mg y Ca fue la variedad Frijol Peruano. Finalmente, se concluye que el frijol ejotero representa un gran beneficio para el consumidor por el aporte de prote

SINOPSIS DEL GÉNERO JUNELLIA (VERBENACEAE

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Nataly O'Leary

2011-01-01

Full Text Available Se presenta una sinopsis del género Junellia, fundamentada en la reciente recircunscripción del género sobre la base de estudios de filogenia molecular y análisis de caracteres morfológicos. Se aporta una clave que incluye las 37 especies de Junellia según la más actual definición del género, se presenta una descripción actualizada del género y se establecen las diferencias con los demás géneros de la tribu Verbeneae. Se describen y/o ilustran nueve especies y una variedad de Junellia no tratadas previamente o cuyas descripciones son aquí enmendadas. Se proponen también dos nuevas combinaciones: Junellia hookeriana var. catamarcensis y Junellia trifida, y ocho nuevos sinónimos.

Adaptación y rendimiento de la variedad de frijol “Negro Medellín” en el sureste de México

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Ernesto L\\u00F3pez

2000-01-01

Full Text Available El presente estudio se llevó a cabo de 1994 a 1997 con el objetivo de evaluar la adaptación y rendimiento de la nueva variedad de frijol “Negro Medellín” en la región del Trópico Húmedo del sureste de México. Se condujeron diez ensayos de rendimiento, cinco en el estado de Veracruz, cuatro en Chiapas y uno en Guerrero. Los ensayos incluyeron 16 genotipos y se realizaron, de acuerdo a las facilidades disponibles en los sitios de prueba, bajo condiciones de humedad residual o de temporal. En las evaluaciones se utilizó un diseño de Bloques Completos al Azar con tres repeticiones. La variedad Negro Medellín resultó sobresaliente por su rendimiento, amplia adaptación, con respuesta superior en ambientes favorables y consistente (1226 kg/ha, bi >1,0, S2di = 0. Durante las evaluaciones, la variedad Negro Medellín resultó tolerante a las enfermedades: virus del mosaico dorado (BGMV, mancha angular (Phaoisariopsis griseola y roya (Uromyces appendiculatus var. appendiculatus, enfermedades de amplia distribución en la región tropical. Sin embargo, en una localidad de Veracruz Negro Medellín resultó susceptible a la antracnosis (Colletotrichum lindemuthianum. Además, la variedad Negro Medellín se validó en parcelas comerciales en campos de agricultores en diez localidades del sureste de México, localidades con clima tropical. En éstas parcelas comerciales, Negro Medellín resultó superior en rendimiento a diversos testigos, variedades criollas y mejoradas, de un 10 a 25%, obteniendo un rendimiento promedio de 1300 kg/ha. La variedad Negro Medellín está en trámite para su registro como nueva variedad para las regiones productoras del sureste de México

Producción y desarrollo de nueve variedades de naranja Citrus sinensis (L. Osbeck en la zona plana del Valle del Cauca

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Salazar C. Raúl

1990-12-01

Full Text Available En árboles de naranja de cinco años injertados sobre mandarina Cleopatra, se evaluaron nueve variedades sembradas en un diseño experimental de bloques completos al azar. El crecimiento de los frutos presentó las tres fases típicas, con duración variable dependiendo de la variedad: lento, crecimiento acelerado y estabilización. Los máximos crecimientos se obtuvieron en las variedades Old Vini, Valencia y Valle Washington. En todas las variedades los sólidos solubles disminuyeron y el porcentaje de acidez aumentó hasta ciertos límites con la edad del fruto. Considerando como momento óptimo para iniciar la cosecha una relación de sólidos solubles: acidez de 9.5:1, la más temprana fue la Valle Washington (7.5 meses, intermedias Old Vini y Australia Navel y la más tardía García Valencia. Todas las variedades presentaron contenidos de jugo mayores del 50 % Y color atractivo de la pulpa. El color más atractivo de la corteza se obtuvo en Parson Brown (97.5 % amarillo, las otras variedades fluctuaron entre 48 y 79%. Todas las variedades tuvieron menos de seis semillas por fruto. Se presentaron dos épocas de cosecha y las variedades con mayor producción: Hamlin, García Valencia y Pineapple tuvieron la mayor variación mensual. La mejor alternativa sembrando 90% de variedades para industria y 10 % para mesa se obtuvo con las variedades Pineapple, Hamlin, Parson Brown, Valle Washington y Old Vini.Five years old orange trees, were grafted on Cleopatra scions of nine cultivars planted in a completely randomized block design were evaluated. Fruit growths presented three typical phases of variable lenght, depending on the cultivar: slow , rapid and stable growth rates. Largest growth were observed in the old Vini, Valencia and Valle Washington cultivars. In all cases total soluble solid contents and acidity increased, up to certain point, with fruit age. Considering that the optimum time to iniciate cropping is when the relationship

CINÉTICA DE DEGRADABILIDAD in vitro DE CUATRO VARIEDADES DE Panicum maximum COSECHADAS A CUATRO EDADES

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Juan Humberto Avellaneda Cevallos

2015-12-01

Full Text Available Se evaluó la degradabilidad in vitro de la materia seca (MS de las hojas, tallos y planta completa de cuatro variedades de pasto Guinea (Panicum maximum: Común, Tanzania, Enano y Tobiata en cuatro edades de cosecha (21, 42, 63 y 84 d. Se evaluó la composición química de las variedades. Para la digestibilidad in vitro, se empleó la primera fase de la técnica de Tilley y Terry, para lo cual se extrajo líquido ruminal de dos bovinos Brown Swiss canulados a rumen. Se evaluaron seis periodos de incubación (3, 6, 12, 24, 48 y 72 h. Para la cinética de degradación in vitro, se aplicó un diseño de bloques completos al azar (DBCA, utilizando a la corrida (2 como criterio de bloqueo y repetición; se usó una incubadora DaisyII 200 y una bolsita de degradabilidad por corrida. Se observó que la mejor degradabilidad in vitro se presenta en los primeros estadios fenológicos, y que las hojas demuestran mayores características nutricionales, seguida de la planta completa y tallos. Se demostró que las diferencias en degradabilidad no están fuertemente asociadas con la variedad de Panicum maximum, sino más bien con la edad de cosecha. Por lo que se concluye, que la degradabilidad in vitro de las variedades de pasto Guinea, difieren en función del estado de madurez de la planta.

KARAKTERISASI SIFAT FISIKOKIMIA DAN FUNGSIONAL FRAKSI PATI UWI UNGU (DIOSCOREA ALATA

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Lula Nadia

2015-04-01

Full Text Available ABSTRACTSize fractionation of yam starch granule could be achieved through dry sieving Retsch Siever with 400 and 500 mesh. Although the fractionation was not completely separate the granule size, however it could provide a significant difference in average size of the fractions. Starch granule morphology, size distribution, amylose and phosphorus contents, crystal structure, thermal properties, and rheological characteristic of the starch fraction were evaluated. In this study, based on the average value of the granule size, significant effects of fraction were obtained on phosphorus content and relative crystallinity of the starch. The size fraction differences did not give a significant impact on its gelatinization character, while in the pasta formations the effect of the fraction was found in peak and final viscosity. In the bigger size fraction, the phosphorus content increased but the relative crystallinity decreased. These differences made the large size fraction of starch granule had the advantage in paste profiling than starches and fractions against stirring, heating and cooling for its potential use in food processing as thickner.Keywords: dioscorea alata, starch, size fractionation, size distribution, viscoelastisityABSTRAKFraksinasi ukuran granula pati uwi dapat dicapai dengan menggunakan pengayakan kering Retsch Siever 400 dan 500 mesh. Meskipun metode fraksinasi ini tidak sempurna memisahkan ukuran granula, tetapi dapat memberikan perbedaan yang signifikan dari nilai rerata ukuran fraksi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi morfologi granula, distribusi ukuran, kandungan amilosa, kadar fosfor, struktur kristal dan kristalinitas relatif, sifat termal, serta karakteristik rheologi dari fraksi pati. Penelitian menunjukkan, berdasarkan nilai rerata ukuran granula, pengaruh signifikan dari fraksi diperoleh pada kandungan fosfor dan kristalinitas relatif pati. Perbedaan ukuran fraksi granula tidak cukup memberi pengaruh yang

Estudio Estadístico Comparativo sobre Dos Variedades de Maíz

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Ramírez Hernán

1946-12-01

Full Text Available 1°-Se determinó el porcentaje de granos en mazorcas de tipo comercial para dos variedades de maíz. Una seleccionada en Venezuela con la denominación de "Venezuela-l" de gran adaptación y buena aceptación entre nuestros agricultores, y otra variedad de maíz criollo distinguido en el comercio con el nombre de "Cuba Blanco" con los siguientes resultados en promedio: Para Venezuela-l 81.29% Para el Cuba blanco 80.90 % 2°-Estas dos variedades se compararon por los diversos caracteres de la mazorca: número de surcos, peso en gramos, largo en centímetros, diámetro en milímetros; de la tusa: diámetro en milímetros y peso en gramos, y de los granos: porcentaje, peso en gramos y profundidad en milímetros. El resultado obtenido fue muy favorable para el Venezuela-l, lo cual confirma los buenos efectos de la selección aplicada al maíz. 3°-Un estudio de correlación simple, correlación parcial y regresión parcial aplicado a varios caracteres de la mazorca en las mismas variedades mostró un alto grado de relación entre caracteres, como peso total y largo; peso total y diámetro; peso total y profundidad de los granos; número de surcos y diámetro; largo y diámetro y diámetro y profundidad de los granos. Así mismo, al hacer constantes, la influencia del porcentaje de granos y surcos, se obtuvo una alta significación para la relación entre el peso total y el largo; el caso recíproco al hacer constante la influencia del porcentaje de granos y surcos se obtuvo una alta significación entre el largo y el peso total; también resultó altamente significativa la relación entre el peso total y el porcentaje de granos cuando se tomaron el número de surcos y el largo como constantes. Se determinó el coeficiente de regresión parcial para valorar la influencia que tiene un carácter que se toma como independiente sobre otro tomado como dependiente, resultando una influencia mayor de aquellos caracteres sobre éstos en

Variabilidad y caracterización de diez variedades de papa en tres localidades del Estado de México

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D. J. Pérez-López

2007-01-01

Full Text Available Se evaluaron 10 variedades de papa (Solanum tuberosum L. en tres localidades del Estado de México en el verano del 2004 y 2005. Se estimaron los componentes de varianza y la heredabilidad de siete caracteres cuantitativos. Las variedades también se describieron a partir de 21 caracteres cualitativos. El diseño experimental fue bloques completos al azar con cuatro repeticiones por ambiente. El análisis estadístico de la serie de experimentos se basó en un modelo de efectos aleatorios para los siete caracteres cuantitativos. Los caracteres cualitativos se describieron de acuerdo con la Guía Técnica para la Descripción Varietal de la Papa, del Servicio Nacional de Inspección y Certificación de Semillas (SNICS. Los resultados mostraron significancia estadística (P¿0.01 para localidades, genotipos e interacción genotipo x ambiente para cada caracter evaluado. La heredabilidad en sentido amplio fue superior al 61.6 % en Raíces, Metepec y San Francisco Oxtotilpan. El mayor peso de tubérculo se registró en la variedad identificada como 750660 (27.8 t·ha-1, que superó estadísticamente a la variedad Alpha (testigo. La altura de la planta y el número de tallos por planta se correlacionaron negativamente (P¿0.01 con el peso de tubérculo (PTHA, pero el resto de las variables evaluadas contribuyeron a un aumento significativo del PTHA (P¿0.01. Con relación a la estructura del follaje, la variedad identificada como 777091 fue la mejor en Raíces y Metepec, pero 776943 sobresalió en San Francisco.

Characterization of the Dioscorin Gene Family in Dioscorea alata Reveals a Role in Tuber Development and Environmental Response

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Liu, Linya; Huang, Yacheng; Huang, Xiaolong; Yang, Jianghua; Wu, Wenqiang; Xu, Yun; Cong, Ziwen; Xie, Jun; Xia, Wei; Huang, Dongyi

2017-01-01

Dioscorin is one of the major soluble proteins in yam tubers. Unlike other well-known plant storage proteins, such as patatin and sporamin, dioscorin is argued for its function as storage proteins, and the molecular mechanisms underlying its expressional complexity are little understood. In this study, we isolated five dioscorin genes from Dioscorea alata L., comprising three class A (Da-dio1, -3 and -4) and two class B (Da-dio2 and -5) isoforms. Expressions of all dioscorin genes gradually d...

Respuesta de 41 variedades prometedoras de caña de azúcar a la enfermedad de la escaldadura de la hoja (Xanthomonas albilineans).

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López Vázquez, José de Jesús

2013-01-01

La escaldadura de la hoja (Xanthomonas albilineans), es una de las enfermedades bacterianas de mayor importancia en el cultivo de caña de azúcar. Afecta la calidad del jugo y en variedades susceptibles ocasiona pérdidas estimadas entre el 90 y 100%. Con el objetivo fue caracterizar molecularmente el agente causal, evaluar el método apropiado de inoculación y evaluar la respuesta de 41 variedades de caña de azúcar a la escaldadura de la hoja. Las variedades fueron inoculadas en campo por tres ...

Preparation of progenin III from total steroidal saponins of Dioscorea nipponica Makino using a crude enzyme from Aspergillus oryzae strain.

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Liu, Tingqiang; Yu, Hongshan; Liu, Chunying; Bao, Yongming; Hu, Xiangchun; Wang, Yuanhao; Liu, Bing; Fu, Yaoyao; Tang, Sihui; Jin, Fengxie

2013-05-01

Progenin III, one of the most active spirostanol saponins, is a potential candidate for anti-cancer therapy due to its strong antitumor activity and low hemolytic activity. However, the concentration of progenin III is extremely low in natural Dioscorea plants. In this paper, the progenin III production from total steroidal saponins of Dioscorea nipponica Makino was studied using the crude enzyme from Aspergillus oryzae DLFCC-38. The crude enzyme converting total steroidal saponins into progenin III was obtained from the A. oryzae DLFCC-38 culture. For enzyme production, the strain was cultured for 72 h at 30 °C with shaking at 150 rpm in 5 % (w/v) malt extract medium containing 2 % (v/v) extract of D. nipponica as the enzyme inducer. The crude enzyme converted total steroidal saponins into major progenin III with a high yield when the reaction was carried out for 9 h at 50 °C and pH 5.0 with the 20 mg/ml of substrate. In the preparation of progenin III, 117 g of crude progenin III was obtained from 160 g of substrate, and the crude product was purified with silica gel column to obtain 60.3 g progenin III of 93.4 % purity.

Effects of Dioscoreae Rhizoma (SanYak on Peripheral Neuropathy and its Safety

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Kim Min-jung

2013-09-01

Full Text Available Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the evidence available in the literature for the safety and efficacy of Dioscoreae Rhizoma (DR for the treatment of peripheral neuropathy. Methods: Literature searches were performed in MEDLINE and three Korean medical databases up to April 2013. All studies evaluating the effects on peripheral neuropathy or the safety of DR monopreparations were considered. Results: Three studies - DR extract per os (po on diabetic neuropathy in mice, DR extract injection on the peripheral sciatic nerve after crush injury in rats and DR extract injection to patients with peripheral facial paralysis proved that DR treatments were effective for the treatment of nerve injuries. Conclusions: In conclusion, we found the DR has a strong positive potential for the treatment of peripheral neuropathy, but studies addressing direct factors related to the nerve still remain insufficient.

Teor de óleo e de cafeína em variedades de café Oil and caffeine content in the coffee bean

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J. S. Tango

1963-01-01

Full Text Available Determinou-se a porcentagem de óleo e de cafeína em sementes de diversas variedades de Coffee arabica. As sementes provieram de frutos despolpados, secos em terreiro sem despolpar, ou secos na própria planta. O tratamento des frutos influiu sôbre o teor de óleo, sendo também significativa a diferença entre as variedades. Os dados confirmam resultados anteriores de que a variedade mucronata é rica e a, variedade laurina, pobre, em óleo. No que concerne ao teor de cafeína, o tratamento dos frutos não mostrou influência, mas pronunciada diferença se constatou entre as variedades. Sete das variedades se mostraram mais pobres do que o café 'Sumatra', tomado comg padrão. A variedade laurina destacou-se das demais pelo baixo teor dêsse alcalóide com, aproximadamente, a metade do nível encontrado nas demais variedades analisadas, o que a torna valiosa para um piano de melhoramento visando a redução do nível de cafeína nas sementes.Oil and caffeine contents were determined for seed samples obtained from cherries of sixteen varieties of Coffea arabica which were submitted to three types of treatments pulped, non pulped and left to dry with pericarp in the sun, or naturally dried on the tree. Cherry processing seems not to have influence on the oil content in the seeds (table I, but significant differences were noted among the varieties with respect to this characteristic. Mucronata revealed to have high oil content while the laurina is a low oil producing variety. Coffee cherries left to dry on the trees gave lower caffeine content. Seven of the sixteen varieties presented a lower caffeine content than the standard 'Sumatra'. The laurinis variety had an exceptional lower caffeine content of about half the amount found in the control. Laurina characteristics are controlled by a recessive allele lr with strong pleiotropic effects. It is not yet known how the laurina allele affects the chemical reactions which lead to a so low caffeine

REACCIÓN DE VARIEDADES DE FRIJOL A LA INOCULACIÓN ARTIFICIAL DE Aphelenchoides besseyi, AGENTE CAUSAL DE LA FALSA MANCHA ANGULAR

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Walter Barrantes-Santamar\\u00EDa

2008-01-01

Full Text Available Especímenes adultos y juveniles de A. besseyi provenientes de cultivo in vitro se inocularon sobre el follaje de plantas de frijol de las variedades Bribri, Huetar, Telire y Chirripó Rojo. Las edades de las plantas inoculadas en el invernadero fueron de diez, 20 y 30 días después de siembra (dds. Los bioensayos se realizaron en los invernaderos de la Escuela de Ciencias Agrarias de la Universidad Nacional, Heredia-Costa Rica en el 2006. El objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar la reacción de variedades de frijol al nematodo A. besseyi. Las variedades estudiadas mostraron similar nivel de resistencia al ataque del nematodo, de acuerdo a la escala de severidad utilizada; sin embargo, las variedades Huetar y Bribri mostraron menor severidad de infección y población de nematodos que las otras dos variedades. Los primeros síntomas de la enfermedad se desarrollaron en las hojas primarias. El período de incubación fue más corto a medida que las inoculaciones se realizaron en plantas de mayor edad. Igualmente, las hojas maduras fueron más susceptibles que las jóvenes a la infección del nematodo. El desarrollo de la enfermedad difi rió entre hojas primarias y trifoliadas y dependió de la disponibilidad de tejido foliar, la madurez del follaje y la producción de inóculo secundario.

Valor nutricional de frações da parte aérea de quatro variedades de mandioca Valor nutricional de frações da parte aérea de quatro variedades de mandioca

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Célio Roberto de Oliveira

2011-06-01

Full Text Available The purpose of the word was to evaluate the nutritional value of fresh forage of different shoot fractions of four cassava varieties grown in the North of Minas Gerais. The experiment was carried out at the Experimental Farm of UNIMONTES, located in Janaúba district. A complete randomized block design was used with 4 x 3 factorial , with four replications and four cassava varieties (“Amarelinha”, “Olho Roxo”, “Periquita” and “Sabará” and three forms of shoot exploitation (Whole Plant, Superior Third, Remains of Planting. When the roots were picked, it was also collected fresh material samples from the different varieties and shoot fractions, and taken to the laboratory so that analyses could be made for determination of nutritional value. The variety “Sabará” stood presenting the greatest total digestible nutrients content. The varieties “Sabará” and “Periquita” showed a lower fraction C content in the fractionization of carbohydrates and greater content of Fraction B2 of carbohydrates. The values of total digestible nutrients were similar for the different shoot fractions of cassava. The whole plant fraction stood out as for total carbohydrates content and as for the lowest lignin content, which influenced directly the low fraction C content and the largest fraction B2 content of carbohydrates. It is possible to concluded that the shoot of “Sabará” and “Periquita” varieties showe the best results in the nutritional evaluation.Objetivou-se avaliar o valor nutricional da forragem fresca de diferentes frações da parte aérea de quatro variedades de mandioca cultivadas no Norte de Minas Gerais. O experimento foi conduzido na Fazenda Experimental da UNIMONTES, localizada no município de Janaúba. Utilizou-se um delineamento em blocos casualizados, com esquema fatorial 4 x 3, com quatro repetições, quatro variedades de mandioca (Amarelinha, Olho Roxo, Periquita e Sabará e três formas de aproveitamento

Development of Chloroplast Genomic Resources in Chinese Yam (Dioscorea polystachya

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Junling Cao

2018-01-01

Full Text Available Chinese yam has been used both as a food and in traditional herbal medicine. Developing more effective genetic markers in this species is necessary to assess its genetic diversity and perform cultivar identification. In this study, new chloroplast genomic resources were developed using whole chloroplast genomes from six genotypes originating from different geographical locations. The Dioscorea polystachya chloroplast genome is a circular molecule consisting of two single-copy regions separated by a pair of inverted repeats. Comparative analyses of six D. polystachya chloroplast genomes revealed 141 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs. Seventy simple sequence repeats (SSRs were found in the six genotypes, including 24 polymorphic SSRs. Forty-three common indels and five small inversions were detected. Phylogenetic analysis based on the complete chloroplast genome provided the best resolution among the genotypes. Our evaluation of chloroplast genome resources among these genotypes led us to consider the complete chloroplast genome sequence of D. polystachya as a source of reliable and valuable molecular markers for revealing biogeographical structure and the extent of genetic variation in wild populations and for identifying different cultivars.

Variedades da Democracia no Brasil

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Fernando Bizzarro

Full Text Available Resumo Neste artigo apresentamos resultados coletados pelo projeto Variedades da Democracia para o Brasil. Descrevemos a evolução histórica da democracia brasileira entre 1900 e 2015 enfocando seus cinco principais componentes (eleitoral, liberal, participativo, deliberativo e igualitário e duas dimensões adjacentes ao regime (corrupção e partidos políticos. Por fim, nós comparamos os dados para o Brasil com resultados obtidos para outros países da América do Sul. A análise dos dados aponta: a. a existência de uma trajetória “em espiral” dos regimes políticos no Brasil, na qual novas experiências democráticas tendem a superar experiências anteriores em todos os quesitos; b. os avanços e limites da experiência democrática contemporânea em que se combinam bons resultados nos indicadores eleitoral, liberal e deliberativo da democracia, e resultados menos elevados nos componentes igualitário e participativo do regime, bem como em suas dimensões adjacentes.

Desempenho vitícola de variedades autóctones italianas em condição de elevada altitude no Sul do Brasil

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Alberto Fontanella Brighenti

2014-06-01

Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o desempenho vitícola de 12 variedades autóctones italianas cultivadas a 1.400 m de altitude, em São Joaquim, SC. As seguintes variedades foram avaliadas em três ciclos: Prosecco, Verdicchio e Vermentino (brancas; e Aglianico, Aleatico, Ancellotta, Lambrusco Grasparossa, Montepulciano, Negroamaro, Rebo, Sagrantino e Sangiovese (tintas. Utilizou-se o delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, com cinco repetições de oito plantas para cada variedade. Os estádios fenológicos analisados foram: brotação, floração, mudança de cor das bagas e maturidade. No momento da colheita, avaliaram-se: produtividade e produção por planta, teor de sólidos solúveis totais (ºBrix, acidez total titulável (meq L-1, pH, e teores de antocianinas e de polifenóis totais. A amplitude térmica em torno de 10°C, durante a maturação, influenciou positivamente a qualidade da uva. As variedades brancas mais bem adaptadas às condições de São Joaquim foram a Vermentino e a Verdicchio, com produtividades acima de 3,9 Mg ha-1, sólidos solúveis acima de 18°Brix e teores de polifenóis totais acima de 500 mg L-1. As variedades tintas mais bem adaptadas foram a Sangiovese, a Sagrantino e a Montepulciano, com produtividades em torno de 6 Mg ha-1, sólidos solúveis entre 19 e 21,5°Brix e teores de polifenóis totais acima de 780 mg L-1. As baixas temperaturas durante a brotação e o volume de precipitação pluvial são os aspectos climáticos mais limitantes ao cultivo das variedades avaliadas, em São Joaquim.

ETIOLOGÍA Y RESPUESTA DE VARIEDADES DE CRISANTEMO A LA PUDRICIÓN DEL TALLO EN EL ESTADO DE MÉXICO

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R. Solano-Baez

2013-01-01

la enfermedad se evaluó de acuerdo a una escala 0-6 a los 15 días después de la inoculación. Los resultados indicaron que las seis variedades evaluadas mostraron ser susceptibles a la infección. ‘Polar’, ‘Leonora’, ‘Indianápolis’ y ‘Codorniz’ se comportaron como las variedades más susceptibles, mientras que ‘Puma’ y ‘Spider’ exhibieron cierta tolerancia.

Melhoramento da soja: 1. Observações preliminares sôbre o comportamento de algumas variedades de soja em São Paulo Soybean improvement in São Paulo

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Shiro Miyasaka

1955-01-01

Full Text Available O presente trabalho relata observações preliminares sôbre o comportamento em conjunto, de variedades de soja ensaiadas na Secção de Genética do Instituto Agronômico de Campinas. As sementes daquelas variedades foram coletadas recentemente em várias partes do Estado ou introduzidas de países estrangeiros. São apresentados também os resultados de ensaio de novas variedades comerciais bem como observações sobre os caracteres agronômicos de alguns tipos mais promissores. Verificou-se que muitas das variedades recem introduzidas se mostraram inferiores à variedade Abura, que é recomendada atualmente pela Secretaria da Agricultura aos lavradores do Estado de São Paulo. Somente algumas variedades como N 47-3332, Cotia 14, Aliança Preta e Aliança, sobressaíram, carecendo de estudos mais acurados. Os resultados preliminares de um ensaio comparativo de novas variedades comerciais revelaram a alta produtividade das variedades Paraná Tardia e Yelnando. As produções das variedades Nova Granada, Pereira Barreto, LA. 455 e La 41-1219 foram ligeiramente prejudicadas pelo baixo "stand" final. O estudo da variabilidade dos característicos de 18 das melhores variedades demonstrou que, em Campinas, certa resistência ao ataque pelo nematoide Meloidogyne sp. •encontra-se nas variedades Palmetto e La 41-1219, alta porcentagem de óleo e proteína nas variedades Aliança Preta, Yelnando, La 41-1219, Cotia 14 e Acadian, alguma resistência a deiscência e ao acamamento nas variedades I.A.455, Paraná Tardia, Pereira Barreto, Aliança e Nova Granada, e resistência à moléstia "pústula bacteriana" na variedade C.N.S.. Fatores favoráveis aos característicos altura de primeira inserção das vagens, altura da planta e ciclo longo das plantas são encontrados na variedade Aliança. A variabilidade dos característicos como côr da semente, tamanho da semente, côr da flôr e da pubescência e rachadura da casca da semente foi também observada

Biotransformation of Dioscorea nipponica by Rat Intestinal Microflora and Cardioprotective Effects of Diosgenin

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Jia-Fu Feng

2017-01-01

Full Text Available Studying the biotransformation of natural products by intestinal microflora is an important approach to understanding how and why some medicines—particularly natural medicines—work. In many cases, the active components are generated by metabolic activation. This is critical for drug research and development. As a means to explore the therapeutic mechanism of Dioscorea nipponica (DN, a medicinal plant used to treat myocardial ischemia (MI, metabolites generated by intestinal microflora from DN were identified, and the cardioprotective efficacy of these metabolites was evaluated. Our results demonstrate that diosgenin is the main metabolite produced by rat intestinal microflora from DN. Further, our results show that diosgenin protects the myocardium against ischemic insult through increasing enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidant levels in vivo and by decreasing oxidative stress damage. These mechanisms explain the clinical efficacy of DN as an anti-MI drug.

Efecto de la temperatura sobre el crecimiento de plantas de papa (Solanum tuberosum L., variedades atlantic y 1625 frito lay, crecidas in vitro

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Rafael Orozco

2016-03-01

Full Text Available En esta investigación, se estudio el efecto que causa sobre el crecimiento vegetativo de dos variedades de papa (1625 Frito Lay y Atlantic, el aumento de la temperatura en condiciones in vitro, para lo cual se usaron dos valores de temperatura (30/26 °C y 27/25 °C dia/noche. El medio de cultivo utilizado fue el MS (1962 de laboratorios Gibco, el cual se usó a razón de 17 g/L y se suplementó con vitaminas y aminoácidos del mismo medio. En ambas variedades la alta temperatura (30/26 °C causó una disminución en el diámetro del tallo y en el número de nudos por planta, así como un incremento en la longitud internodal y en la altura de la planta. Por otro lado, la alta temperatura disminuyó significativamente (P < 0,05 la longitud de la raíz en la variedad Frito Lay mientras que la variedad Atlantic mostró un incremento no significativo.

Costos y rendimientos de producción de tres néctares de manzana (pyrusmalusl variedades Anna, Pensilvania y Winter

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Darío Alberto Pinto Medina

2016-12-01

Full Text Available La agroindustria en Colombia se muestra como una alternativa para dar aprovechamiento eficiente a materias primas de origen agropecuario, especialmente aquellas que por parámetros de calidad, no salen al mercado y generan cuantiosas pérdidas a agricultores y ganaderos; esta investigación se basó principalmente en el aprovechamiento de la manzana (Pyrus malus L, se elaboró néctar con tres variedades producidas en el departamento de Boyacá, Colombia: Pensilvania, Anna y Winter y se evaluaron los rendimientos en extracción de pulpa, con pérdidas del 18,4% para Pensilvania 21,4%, para Anna y 30%en Winter. Se realizaron pruebas sensoriales para determinar el grado de aceptabilidad de los tres productos, observándose diferencias significativas en textura, y similitud en parámetros como olor, color y sabor; para dicho análisis se compararon las tres variedades con un néctar comercial. Se concluye que el costo de producción unitario para 900 ml de néctar de la variedad Pensilvania es de $4.999, Anna $5.100 y Winter $5.296 (pesos colombianos, esto se debe a mejores rendimientos en extracción de pulpa para la variedad Pensilvania, mostrando que los productos son competitivos en precio y calidad.

Produtividade e composição mineral de diferentes variedades de batatinha

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O. J. Boock

1950-06-01

Full Text Available A finalidade dêste trabalho foi a de estudar o comportamento de diversas variedades de batata, não só quanto à produtividade, precocidade, resistência às moléstias e pragas etc, como, também, verificar a composição química mineral de cada uma delas, nas diversas localidades. Foram dadas as descrições dos principais caraterísticos das variedades, e estudados, física e quimicamente, os solos onde as experiências tiveram andamento. Apreciações foram feitas sôbre as produções nas várias localidades, e os teores minerais contidos na casca e na polpa foram analisados isoladamente. As conclusões tiradas vieram evidenciar que as variedades apresentaram, de modo geral, acentuadas variações em alguns dos seus caraterísticos, como resistência às moléstias, produtividade, precocidade, etc. Assim, as variedades Alpha e Voran mostraram ser as mais resistentes ao ataque da fitóftora, e Eersteling, Saskia e Doré as menos resistentes. A Doré mostrou-se sujeita ao coração ôco; a Eigenheimer e Bintje muito suscetíveis ao embonecamento; a Eigenheimer e Alpha deram maior percentagem de tubérculos com manchas na polpa ; a Saskia foi a mais afetada pela sarna comum, rizoctoniose e nematóides, e a Geelblon foi a que mais produziu tubérculos afilados, devido a vírus. Quanto à precocidade, a Libertas, Alpha e Voran foram as mais tardias ; a Eigenheimer, Bintje e Z.P.C. - 40405 meio precoces, sendo as demais precoces. Em relação à produtividade, considerando-se a média das seis experiências, a Bintje e a Eigenheimer foram as mais produtivas, seguindo-se a elas a Voran, Doré e Alpha. Verificaram-se as menores produções na variedade Libertas, que entrou em uma única experiência. Do ponto de vista estatístico, não encontramos diferenças significativas entre variedades, nas experiências executadas em São Bento do Sapucaí e em Itaiquara ; nas demais, constatamos resultados altamente significativos para tratamentos. A

Polysaccharides from Dioscorea (山藥 Shān Yào and Other Phytochemicals Enhance Antitumor Effects Induced by DNA Vaccine Against Melanoma

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Wen-Chi Wei

2014-01-01

Full Text Available Adjuvants can be used to enhance the immunogenicity of antigens and improve the efficacy of vaccines. Potent adjuvant action is known to often correlate with the activation of the transcription factor, nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB. Specific plant polysaccharides and a variety of phytochemicals from foods and traditional medicinal herbs have been shown to modulate NF-κB activation. In the present study, selected plant polysaccharides and phytochemicals were evaluated for use as a DNA vaccine adjuvant in a murine melanoma model. We observed that a specific ethanol extract fraction (DsCE-I from the tuber of a key Traditional Chinese Medicine plant, Dioscorea (山藥 Shān Yào, enhanced the protection against melanoma after immunization with a gene-based vaccine. A number of anti-inflammatory phytochemicals tested were able to partially diminish the inflammation-associated tumorigenesis elicited by LPS. Among the several phytochemical combinations investigated, the use of an adjuvant containing LPS in combination with emodin resulted in smaller tumors and higher survival rate in test mice than the use of other adjuvant treatments and the control sets in this DNA cancer vaccine model. A Dioscorea polysaccharide fraction (DsCE-I and several specific phytochemicals warrant further exploration as useful adjuvants for anticancer vaccines.

The anticancer potential of steroidal saponin, dioscin, isolated from wild yam (Dioscorea villosa) root extract in invasive human breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 in vitro

Science.gov (United States)

Previously, we observed that wild yam (Dioscorea villosa) root extract (WYRE) was able to activate GATA3 in human breast cancer cells targeting epigenome. This study aimed to 'nd out if dioscin (DS), a bioactive compound of WYRE, can modulate GATA3 functions and cellular invasion in human breast can...

Comportamiento morfoagronómico de variedades de morera (Morus alba L. durante el establecimiento Morphoagronomic performance of mulberry (Morus alba L. varieties during the establishment

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Gertrudis Pentón

2007-09-01

Full Text Available En áreas de la EEPF "Indio Hatuey" se realizó un estudio con el objetivo de evaluar el comportamiento morfoagronómico de cuatro variedades de morera (Morus alba L. (Criolla, Indonesia, Cubana y Tigreada, durante la etapa de establecimiento de plantas trasplantadas. El material vegetativo (posturas fue aviverado durante 120 días. La dinámica de emergencia de las yemas fue significativamente superior en las variedades Indonesia, Tigreada y Cubana con respecto a la Criolla. La variedad Tigreada alcanzó la mayor tasa promedio de desarrollo de nuevas ramas (0,25 ramas/día, aunque sin diferencias significativas respecto a las restantes variedades. La longitud de las ramas tendió a ser superior en la var. Tigreada (0,89 cm promedio por día, seguida por las variedades Indonesia, Cubana y Criolla (0,77; 0,73 y 0,63 cm/día, respectivamente. Sin embargo, el grosor de las ramas fue mayor en las variedades Cubana y Criolla. La variedad Indonesia se caracterizó por un significativo crecimiento en altura y grosor de la base del tallo principal (154 cm y 14,6 mm respecto al resto de las variedades. Todo ello tuvo una repercusión marcada en la producción de hojas, en lo cual se destacó la variedad Tigreada; le siguieron, aunque con diferencias significativas entre ellas, las variedades Indonesia, Cubana y Criolla. Se concluye que Tigreada e Indonesia resultaron ser las variedades de mejor comportamiento morfoagronómico durante el establecimiento; la primera se caracterizó por un alto potencial de producción de hojas y la segunda por una notable capacidad de acumulación de tejido leñoso.A study was carried out in areas of the EEPF "Indio Hatuey" in order to evaluate the morphoagronomic performance of four mulberry (Morus alba L. varieties (Criolla, Indonesia, Cubana and Tigreada, during the establishment stage of transplanted plants. The vegetative material (seedlings was placed in a nursery for 120 days. The bud emergence dynamics was

Avaliação de compostos fenólicos em geléia de uva produzida com a variedade IAC-138-22 (máximo)

OpenAIRE

Luciula Lemos Lima Morelli

2011-01-01

Resumo: O presente trabalho buscou avaliar a presença de compostos fenólicos antioxidantes em geleia de uva produzida com a variedade Máximo (IAC-138-22), por meio de (1) métodos colorimétricos e (2) cromatografia liquida de alta eficiência. Foram produzidas 3 formulações de geleia com a nova variedade e 3 outras com a mistura entre as variedades Niágara Rosada e Isabel, para efeito comparativo. As formulações diferiam em relação à quantidade de casca de uva incorporada à formulação, sendo a ...

Comportamiento de variedades de Chile dulce (capsicum annum en la región occidental de el Salvador

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Lesser Linares

2004-01-01

Full Text Available Capsicun annum en la región occidental de El Salvador. Con el objetivo de seleccionar material vegetativo adaptable a las diferentes condiciones agroecológicas de El Salvador, se implementó una investigación de seis variedades de chile dulce. Los ensayos se realizaron en Candelaria de la Frontera, Atiquizaya y Chalchuapa en el año 2002. El diseño experimental fue de bloques al azar, con cuatro repeticiones y seis tratamientos, conformados por los variedades Nathalie, Comandante, Lido, Tikal, Quetzal y una variedad Criolla. Hubo diferencias significativas al 1 % de probabilidad para las variables de altura de planta, largo, peso, diámetro, numero de frutos y rendimiento, en el combinado de las tres localidades. El material Nathalie, sobresalió en las variables altura de planta (0,49 m, número de frutos (259.500 frutos/ha, y rendimiento (25,11 t/ha, y como consecuencia reportó el mejor ingreso ($ 19.332,80 y la mejor relación beneficio costo (3,31. La duración de anaquel varió entre seis y nueve días con respecto a los diferentes materiales de chile dulce. Los resultados obtenidos podrían crear la base para validar el cultivar Nathalie en las zonas de influencia.

Functional properties of dioscorin, a soluble viscous protein from Japanese yam (Dioscorea opposita thunb.) tuber mucilage Tororo.

Science.gov (United States)

Nagai, Takeshi; Nagashima, Toshio

2006-01-01

A soluble viscous protein was purified from yam (Dioscorea opposita Thunb.) tuber mucilage tororo by chromatographic steps, and its functional properties were estimated. The purified dioscorin having the molecular weight of about 200 kDa exhibited high scavenging activities against hydroxyl radicals (IC50 = 195.1 microg/ml) and superoxide anion radicals (IC50 = 92.7 microg/ml). Moreover, it showed extremely high angiotensin I-converting enzyme inhibitory activity (IC50 = 41.1 microg/ml). The results suggested that yam D. opposita tuber has a wide spectrum of strong antioxidative and antihypertensive activities and it could be utilized as a source of natural antioxidant.

Cloning of genes and enzymatic characterizations of novel dioscorin isoforms from Dioscorea japonica.

Science.gov (United States)

Xue, You-Lin; Miyakawa, Takuya; Sawano, Yoriko; Tanokura, Masaru

2012-02-01

Dioscorin, the major tuber storage protein of yam, has been shown to possess carbonic anhydrase, trypsin inhibitor, dehydroascorbate reductase, and monodehydroascorbate reductase activities. In the present study, dioscorin from Dioscorea japonica was confirmed as a glycoprotein using the enhanced concanavalin A-peroxidase staining method, and the protein was shown to have both N- and O-glycans. Following the gene cloning, four full-length isoforms of dioscorin were expressed in Escherichia coli and purified by affinity purification and anion-exchange chromatography for structural and biochemical experiments. It was clearly observed that the recombinant dioscorins had carbonic anhydrase, trypsin inhibitor, dehydroascorbate reductase, and monodehydroascorbate reductase activities. However, the dehydroascorbate reductase and monodehydroascorbate reductase activities were markedly decreased in recombinant dioscorins compared with native dioscorin. The decreased activities were closely related to the loss of the glycosylation from the protein. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

Efecto de la fertilización orgánica, la variedad y la época en el perfil polifenólico de Morus alba (L.

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D. E. García

2005-01-01

Full Text Available Con el objetivo de detectar los principales grupos de fenoles en la biomasa de la morera y de-terminar el efecto del abonado (0, 100, 300 y 500 kg N/ha/año, la variedad (Cubana, Indonesia, Tigreada y Acorazonada y la época (periodo lluvioso y poco lluvioso, en el perfil polifenólico, se llevó a cabo una investigación con un diseño de bloques (al azar con arreglo factorial 4 x 4 x 2 y cinco repeticiones. Mediante el tamizaje fitoquímico se evaluó la presencia de siete grupos de compuestos, para posteriormente, determinar sus concentraciones. Únicamente se detectaron fenoles (FT, flavonoides (Flav y cumarinas (Cum, con presencia leve, notable o cuantiosa. Sólo se encontraron interacciones significativas entre los factores fertilización y variedad para los FT y las Cum (P<0,05. Los niveles máximos de FT y Cum encontrados en las hojas fueron de 2,86% MS (Tigreada abonada con 100 kg N/ha/año y 0,65% MS (Cubana e Indonesia fertilizadas con 100 kg N/ha/año, respectivamente. Las mayores concentraciones de FT y Cum en los tallos tiernos se observaron en la variedad Acorazonada con 100 kg N/ha/año (1,55% MS e Indonesia, con la aplicación de 500 kg N/ha/año (0,60% MS. En las hojas de las variedades (los contenidos de FT y Cum tendieron a disminuir con el incremento de los niveles de fertilización, a excepción de las concentraciones de FT, en la variedad Cubana. En el caso de los Flav, no se observó un efecto significativo de los factores fertilización, variedad y época. Solamente en los FT de las hojas, se observó un efecto representativo de la época a favor del PLL. Los resultados permiten concluir que las concentraciones de los FT se ven afectadas por los niveles de fertilización, la variedad y la época. Los contenidos de Cum presentan variaciones significativas entre los niveles de abonado orgánico y las variedades. Los niveles de Flav no muestran fluctuaciones cuantiosas con ninguna de las variables estudiadas.

Evaluación de la capacidad de reproducción vegetativa de variedades de morera (Morus alba L.

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G Martín

Full Text Available Con el objetivo de evaluar el efecto de la variedad y de la parte de la rama en la brotación foliar y radicular de los propágulos, se estudiaron cinco variedades de morera (tigreada, yu-12, yu-62, murcia y universidad. Las ramas se dividieron en tres partes (basal, media y apical, lo que originó un total de 15 tratamientos. Se evaluó la cantidad y el porcentaje de propágulos brotados y arraigados, el número de ramas, el número de hojas y el peso de las raíces. Yu-12 y tigreada tuvieron la mayor brotación (100 y 98 %, respectivamente. Sin embargo, tigreada se destacó en el arraigamiento (70 % del total de esquejes plantados y el peso de las raíces (2,67 g, en lo que difirió significativamente (p < 0,05 del resto de las variedades. Además, al utilizar la parte basal y la media se obtuvo el mayor porcentaje de brotación (93 y 90 %, respectivamente. La interacción de la variedad y la parte de la rama fue significativa; los mejores resultados se obtuvieron en la tigreada parte basal, en cuanto al número de ramas y de hojas. Tigreada mostró el mejor comportamiento morfoagronómico durante el periodo experimental; mientras que yu-12, yu-62, universidad y murcia no respondieron eficientemente a la reproducción a partir de propágulos. La parte basal y la media fueron determinantes en la brotación foliar y radicular y en el peso de las raíces. Se recomienda repetir estos experimentos en vivero, en diferentes meses del año, y utilizar productos que estimulen el enraizamiento de los propágulos.

Bribri, nueva variedad de fríjol rojo pequeño para Costa Rica

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Juan Carlos Hern\\u00E1ndez

2001-01-01

Full Text Available Entre 1996 y 1999 fue introducida y evaluada en Costa Rica la línea MD 23-24 que dio origen a la nueva variedad de frijol Bribri. La misma fue desarrollada por la Escuela Agrícola Panamericana-Zamorano y se originó de la cruza (RAB 310/XAN 155 X (DOR 391/POMPADOUR G. La variedad se caracteriza por presentar un grano pequeño de color rojo brillante, de hábito de crecimiento Tipo II-B, de porte erecto y ciclo vegetativo entre 76 y 80 días. Las dos principales zonas de vida donde se evaluó fueron la bh-T (bosque húmedo tropical y el bmh-P (bosque muy húmedo Premontano. En la mayoría de los lugares evaluados predominaron pequeñas explotaciones comerciales y suelos ultisoles de baja fertilidad. La variedad Bribri superó en rendimiento promedio, al testigo nacional en 17,2% y al testigo local en13,4%. Su producción fue superior en un 8,5% al promedio de rendimiento obtenido en todos los ensayos. La etapa de verificación y de validación se efectuó en nueve y once localidades respectivamente, con base en la tecnología empleada por los productores. Bribri superó en rendimiento a los testigos locales en el 67% de las parcelas en la fase de verificación (con un promedio de 15,5% más de kg/ha y en el 80% de las parcelas de validación (con un promedio de 7,5% mas de kg/ha. Mostró además tolerancia a la mustia hilachosa. (Thanatephorus cucumeris (A.B. Frank Donk. En el año 2000 se sembraron 100 ha de Bribri a nivel comercial en la Región Brunca

Caracterización morfológica de variedades de vid para producción de Pisco bajo condiciones de la zona media del valle de Ica, Perú

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H. Cáceres

2017-01-01

Full Text Available El estudio consiste en la caracterización morfológica de las ocho variedades de uvas pisqueras “Torontel, Italia, Mollar, Quebranta, Negra criolla, Albilla, Moscatel y Uvina” cultivadas en el CITEagroindustrial. Se utilizó la lista de descriptores de la Organización Internacional de la Viña y del Vino para variedades de vid y especies de Vitis versión 2009. Algunos de los caracteres ampelográficos como el color y forma de las bayas del estado fenológico de maduración es info rmación generalizada; sin embargo, al evaluar los 56 descriptores en otros estados fenológicos se observan diferencias. Por lo tanto, la descripción de las variedades que se muestran aportan una mayor precisión a la caracterización y sirven de guía a los p roductores de Pisco y productores de uvas para la sencilla y correcta identificación en campo de sus plantas, ya que existe confusión en la identificación de las distintas variedades, como la homonimia y la identificación incorrecta de variedades .

Eficiência no uso de fósforo de variedades de arroz cultivadas em solos de várzea irrigada

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Eliane Aparecida Rotili

2010-06-01

Full Text Available A cultura do arroz destaca-se como uma das mais importantes do mundo, por apresentar facilidade de adaptação a condições edafoclimáticas distintas. Cultivado e consumido em todos continentes, o arroz destaca-se pela produção e área de cultivo, desempenhando papel estratégico tanto em nível econômico quanto social. No Brasil, a maior parcela da produção de arroz é proveniente do ecossistema de várzea. Este trabalho objetivou estudar a eficiência e resposta ao uso de fósforo de variedades de arroz (Oryza sativa L., em várzea irrigada, no Sudoeste do Estado de Tocantins. Os tratamentos envolveram oito variedades comerciais de arroz (BRS-Jaçanã, Best-2000, BRS-Guará, BRS-Alvorada, BRA-01381, AN-Cambará, BRS 7-Taim e EPAGRI-109, que foram cultivadas em dois ambientes distintos. Para simular ambientes com baixo e alto níveis de fósforo, foram utilizadas as doses de 20 e 120 kg ha-1 de P2O5, respectivamente. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições. Por meio da produtividade de grãos, as variedades foram classificadas quanto à eficiência no uso e resposta à aplicação de fósforo. Demonstrou-se que apenas a variedade BRS-Alvorada é eficiente quanto ao uso de fósforo e responsiva a sua aplicação.

Cultivo do mirtilo: atualizações e desempenho inicial de variedades de baixa exigência em frio no Estado de Säo Paulo

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Tatiana Cantuarias-Avilés

2014-03-01

Full Text Available A produção comercial de mirtilos na América do Sul tem passado por mudanças importantes nos últimos anos, em função do aumento da oferta de frutos frescos dos principais países produtores, causando forte queda de preços em plena safra, entre os meses de dezembro e fevereiro. Uma alternativa para esta situação é a produção de mirtileiros de maturação precoce ou muito tardia, fora da época de meia-estação, caracterizada pelos menores preços da fruta. Em 2010, foram introduzidas no Brasil novas variedades de mirtileiros de baixa exigência em frio desenvolvidas pela Universidade da Flórida, que podem ser cultivadas em regiões quentes e apresentam uma frutificação mais precoce, quando comparadas com as variedades tradicionalmente cultivadas no Brasil. Essas novas variedades apresentam grande potencial para a produção precoce de mirtilos no País em regiões sem frio hibernal, aumentando significativamente a rentabilidade da cultura. Para viabilizar esta produção, é necessário validar estratégias de manejo para estas variedades, devido à falta de informação técnica sobre seu cultivo nas condições edafoclimáticas brasileiras. Atualmente, estäo sendo conduzidas as primeiras pesquisas fitotécnicas no Estado de Säo Paulo para avaliar o crescimento e a produção destas variedades na ausência total de frio, situação de ocorrência particular em poucos países produtores do mundo.

A simple method for microtuber production in dioscorea opposita using single nodal segments

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Li, M.; Wang, Y; Liu, W.; Li, S.

2015-01-01

Dioscorea opposita Thunb. (Chinese yam) is an important tuber crop in East Asia because of its dual benefits edible and medicinal properties. Microtubers may provide a feasible alternative to in-vitro-grown plantlets as a means of micropropagation and a way to exchange healthy planting material. In this study, we have developed a simplified culture method for In vitro production of microtubers from D. opposita cv. Tiegun. In this method, microtubers formed in 98% of the internodes of single nodal segments after four weeks of dark-incubation when cultured in MS medium supplemented with 60 g sucrose 1-1 with shaking. Anatomical observations strongly supported the process of tuberization. We also found that 66% of the microtubers produced In vitro sprouted two months after transfer to vermiculite. The protocol presented here provides a simple model for studying the physiological, biochemical, and molecular mechanisms of tuberization in D. opposita, and shows good potential for large-scale production of microtubers as well. (author)

Treatment with Rhizoma Dioscoreae Extract Has Protective Effect on Osteopenia in Ovariectomized Rats

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Zhiguo Zhang

2014-01-01

Full Text Available The aims of this study were to evaluate the osteoprotective effect of aqueous extract from Rhizoma Dioscoreae (RDE on rats with ovariectomy- (OVX- induced osteopenia. Our results show that RDE could inhibit bone loss of OVX rats after a 12-week treatment. The microarray analysis showed that 68 genes were upregulated and that 100 genes were downregulated in femurs of the RDE group rats compared to those in the OVX group. The Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA showed that several downregulated genes had the potential to code for proteins that were involved in the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway (Sost, Lrp6, Tcf7l2, and Alpl and the RANKL/RANK signaling pathway (Map2k6 and Nfatc4. These results revealed that the mechanism for an antiosteopenic effect of RDE might lie in the synchronous inhibitory effects on both the bone formation and the bone resorption, which is associated with modulating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling and the RANKL/RANK signaling.

Treatment with Rhizoma Dioscoreae extract has protective effect on osteopenia in ovariectomized rats.

Science.gov (United States)

Zhang, Zhiguo; Xiang, Lihua; Bai, Dong; Fu, Xiaowei; Wang, Wenlai; Li, Yan; Liu, Hong; Pan, Jinghua; Li, Ya'nan; Xiao, Gary Guishan; Ju, Dahong

2014-01-01

The aims of this study were to evaluate the osteoprotective effect of aqueous extract from Rhizoma Dioscoreae (RDE) on rats with ovariectomy- (OVX-) induced osteopenia. Our results show that RDE could inhibit bone loss of OVX rats after a 12-week treatment. The microarray analysis showed that 68 genes were upregulated and that 100 genes were downregulated in femurs of the RDE group rats compared to those in the OVX group. The Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) showed that several downregulated genes had the potential to code for proteins that were involved in the Wnt/ β -catenin signaling pathway (Sost, Lrp6, Tcf7l2, and Alpl) and the RANKL/RANK signaling pathway (Map2k6 and Nfatc4). These results revealed that the mechanism for an antiosteopenic effect of RDE might lie in the synchronous inhibitory effects on both the bone formation and the bone resorption, which is associated with modulating the Wnt/ β -catenin signaling and the RANKL/RANK signaling.

SELEÇÃO MASSAL EM VARIEDADES DE MILHO CRIOULO NO SUL DO PIAUÍ

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Rejane Teixeira do Nascimento

2014-06-01

Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar a seleção massal de duas variedades de milho crioulo no sul do Piauí, disponibilizando-se populações melhoradas para que possam ser utilizadas em programas de melhoramento. O experimento foi conduzido na área experimental da Universidade Federal do Piauí (UFPI/CPCE. Utilizou-se o método de seleção massal dentro de populações, com dois ciclos de seleção, período 2011/2013, utilizando-se sementes de duas variedades de milho crioulo: milho roxo peruano e milho palha roxa (procedência Espírito Santo (ES e procedência São Paulo (SP. As características avaliadas foram: altura da planta, altura da espiga, massa da espiga e produção. As populações foram submetidas a intensidades de seleção de 10%, nos dois ciclos de seleção. O índice econômico de seleção foi calculado baseando-se no método de Mulamba & Mock. A seleção massal para as variedades de milho crioulo foi eficiente pelas altas variabilidades encontradas para os caracteres estudados, sendo que a variedade Milho Palha Roxa SP, por apresentar maior produtividade e ser responsiva a seleção massal, pode ser indicada para agricultores familiares com baixo emprego de tecnologia da região. Palavras-chave: zea mays, variabilidade genética, melhoramento, amplitude.  MASS SELECTION IN VARIETIES OF LANDRACE MAIZE IN SOUTHERN PIAUÍ ABSTRACT The objective of this work was to perform the mass selection of two varieties of landrace maize in southern Piauí, with available improved populations to can be used in breeding programs. Experiment was conducted in the experimental area of Federal University of Piauí (UFPI/CPCE. We used the method of mass selection within populations, with two cycles of selection, period 2011/2013, using  two maize landrace varieties seeds: Peruvian purple maize and purple straw maize (from Espírito Santo (ES and from São Paulo (SP. The evaluated characteristics were: plant height, ear height, mass of

Characterization and Antihyperglycemic Activity of a Polysaccharide from Dioscorea opposita Thunb Roots

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Yijun Fan

2015-03-01

Full Text Available A polysaccharide DOTP-80 from Dioscorea opposita Thunb was obtained by using the method of acid water-extraction and ethanol-precipitation. After being purified by chromatography, the structure characteristics of DOTP-80 were established. Based on the calibration curve obtained with standard dextrans, the molecular weight of the polysaccharide fraction DOTP-80 was calculated to be 123 kDa. The results of Infrared spectrum (FT-IR indicated that the polysaccharide contained the α-configuration of sugar units. GC-MS analysis revealed that DOTP-80 was mainly composed of mannose and glucose. Alloxan-induced diabetic rats and mice models were developed to evaluate the in vivo hypoglycemic activity of the polysaccharide. The results indicated that a high dose DOTP-80 (400 mg/kg had strong hypoglycemic activity. Moreover, DOTP-80 could increase the level of antioxidant enzymes (SOD activity in alloxan-induced diabetic mice and stimulate an increase in glucose disposal in diabetic rats. Therefore, the polysaccharide DOTP-80 should be evaluated as a candidate for future studies on diabetes mellitus.

Effect of the acetylation process on native starches of yam (Dioscorea spp.

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Jairo Salcedo Mendoza

2016-07-01

Full Text Available In Colombia, it is necessary to produce native and modified starches for the use of amylaceous raw materials of major socioeconomic importance. In this study, the effects of the acetylation process on structural, morphological and functional properties of native starches yam, Dioscorea spp. (D. alata and D. rotundata were evaluated. Chemical modification by esterification with acetic anhydride was performed at different reaction times, and morphological and structural changes were assessed using the following techniques: infrared spectroscopy (FTIR, X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy (SEM. Acetylation produced slight changes in the granule morphology, and a decreased degree of crystallinity (DC associated with a slight increase in the amylose content was observed. The introduction of acetyl groups into the starch structure caused a decrease in the gelatinization temperature and an increased retro gradation tendency. The acetylated starches had low degrees of substitution (DS<0.2, meaning they can be used in the food industry, considering that they showed greater stability, greater water absorption capacity and better solubility than native starches.

Actividad de la fitasa y comparación en la composición química, contenido de ácido fítico en cuatro variedades de quinua (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.

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Olga Rosero

2013-01-01

Full Text Available Quinua (Chenopodium quinoa Willd. es una planta que ha sido cultivada en las regiones andinas de Bolivia, Perú, Ecuador y Colombia. Su importancia se debe al alto contenido de proteínas y de aminoácidos esenciales en su grano. El objetivo principal en la investigación fue encontrar la relación entre el ácido fítico y la actividad de la fítasa en las variedades de quinua Nariño procedente de Colombia (QC, quinua Anapquis (QBA y quinua -IICA 020 Oruro (QB procedentes de Bolivia, y quinua Huancavelica de Perú (QP. Se encontraron diferencias significativas en las proporciones de proteína, grasa, fibra y ceniza entre las cuatro variedades. El análisis de los aminoácidos esenciales mostró que las variedades de quinua tienen altas concentraciones de arginina, leucina, fenilalanina y lisina, y tirosina como aminoácidos semi-esenciales. La fracción de grasa presentó concentraciones altas de ácido oleico, linoleico, a-linolénico y ácido palmítico. Las variedades presentaron altos contenidos de P y Ca. El ácido fítico en QC (19.64% fue significativamente más bajo que en las otras variedades. En la variedad QC (1052 FTU/kg se encontraron altas proporciones de actividad de la fítasa. Se encontró relación significativa y negativa (r = -0.89 entre la actividad de la fítasa y el ácido fítico en todas las variedades.

CAMBIOS FISIOLÓGICOS, TEXTURALES Y FISICOQUÍMICOS DE DOS VARIEDADES DE CHONTADURO (Bactris gasipaes EN POSCOSECHA

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JHON ALEXANDER DAZA

Full Text Available El chontaduro es una de las frutas exóticas más importantes para Colombia debido su considerable aporte en nutrientes y a que posee 8822 hectáreas sembradas en los departamentos de Valle del Cauca, Cauca y Putumayo. Se evaluaron los cambios ocurridos en dos variedades del fruto de chontaduro (roja y amarilla, durante el periodo poscosecha, bajo condiciones ambientales provenientes del Municipio de El Tambo (Cauca para brindar una guía de compra y venta que ayude en su comercialización. La pérdida de peso, amplitud, longitud y la proporción pulpa-cascara-semilla fueron directamente proporcionales a la pérdida de agua en la maduración. En cambio, el contenido de grasas y los sólidos solubles totales fueron inversamente proporcionales. La firmeza permitió diferenciar frutos frescos de frutos sobremadurados, al evidenciar una considerable variación en la resistencia a la penetración pasando de 39,5358N hasta 23,6431N en variedad roja y de 19,6353N hasta 11,7463N en variedad amarilla. De acuerdo con el comportamiento observado en la concentración de O2 y CO2, como también en los cambios físicos y químicos en el fruto de chontaduro, se puede afirmar que este producto es climatérico, lo cual indica que el tiempo de comercialización es corto, ya que sigue madurando incluso después de haber sido cosechado.

EVALUACIÓN QUIMICA DE LA FIBRA EN SEMILLA, PULPA Y CÁSCARA DE TRES VARIEDADES DE AGUACATE

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ADELA MARÍA CEBALLOS P

Full Text Available El sector agropecuario colombiano requiere integrarse al sector agroindustrial para aumentarle valor a sus productos y residuos. Utilizar residuos agrícolas y agroindustriales como materias primas para obtener metabolitos secundarios es tema de interés en investigación y busca dar respuestas al uso de esos residuos, mediante desarrollo de tecnologías aplicables al entorno colombiano. Se valoraron cáscara, semilla y pulpa de aguacate variedades Booth8, Trinidad y Papelillo en estados de madurez fisiológica (MF y consumo (MC. Se hizo caracterización bromatológica, contenido de fibra como carbohidratos solubles (CHOS, lignina LG, celulosa y hemicelulosa (CEL y HEMICEL y fibra bruta (FB según (Tappi Methods 1993, 1998, AOAC, 2001. Los resultados fueron analizados mediante ANOVA (P < 0,05 utilizando SAS V9.1. Los CHOS en los dos estados de madurez y para las tres variedades variaron entre 12-38% cáscara, 20-35% pulpa y 17-35% semilla; CEL y HEMICEL 8-50% cáscara, 7-26% pulpa, 1-5% semilla, los cuales pueden ser útiles como complementos de procesos biotecnológicos. La pulpa de las tres variedades tiene alto valor nutricional por sus contenidos de proteína, fibra y minerales. La composición de la cáscara y semilla podrían ser importantes para suplementos de dieta animal o como recuperador de suelos para la producción agrícola

Pengaruh Fermentasi Bakteri Asam Laktat Terhadap Sifat Fisikokimia Tepung Gadung Modifikasi (Dioscorea hispida

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R. Haryo Bimo Setiarto

2016-06-01

Full Text Available Yam (Dioscorea hispida is one of the tubers belonging to the family dioscoreaceae. Yam tubers not only have high content of carbohydrate, but also contain some toxic compounds such as: cyanogenic glycosides, alkaloids dioscorin, dehydrodioscorin, saponin and sapogenin. Fermentation of yam tubers can affected for physicochemical and amylography characteristics of modified yam flour and reduced toxic compounds. This study was aimed to determine effect of lactic acid bacteria (LAB fermentation on the physicochemical properties and characteristics of yam flour amilography modification. From the 15 isolates of Lactobacillus plantarum had been selected two isolate (L. plantarum B291 and B307 with the highest amylase enzyme activity to be used as starter fermentation to produce modified yam flour. Fermentation of LAB could reduce levels of HCN on modified yam flour, although decreased levels of HCN was not significant with requirements of SNI. Fermentation of LAB increased levels of protein, fat and lactic acid, but decreased pH value and carbohydrate content in modified yam flour. Based on results of amylography analysis, control of yam flour with shredded without fermentation had the best gelatinization profile because it most resistant about heating.ABSTRAKGadung (Dioscorea hispida merupakan salah satu jenis umbi-umbian yang tergolong dalam family Dioscoreaceae.  Ubi gadung memiliki kandungan karbohidrat yang tinggi, akan tetapi juga mengandung beberapa senyawa racun berupa glikosida sianogenik, alkaloid dioscorin, dehydrodioscorin, saponin dan sapogenin yang berbahaya bagi kesehatan. Fermentasi umbi gadung dapat mempengaruhi sifat fisikokimia dan amilografi tepung gadung modifikasi serta menurunkan senyawa toksiknya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh bakteri asam laktat (BAL penghasil amilase terhadap sifat fisikokimia dan amilografi tepung gadung modifikasi. Sebanyak 15 isolat Lactobacillus plantarum telah diseleksi, sehingga

Características del análisis proximal de harinas obtenidas de frutos de plátanos variedades Papocho y Pelipita (Musa ABB Simmonds

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Pedro Juan Espitia-Pérez

2013-07-01

Full Text Available En el estudio se hizo un análisis proximal de las harinas crudas sin tratar obtenidas de frutos de las variedades de plátano Papocho y Pelipita (Musa ABB Simmonds no comerciales en diferentes etapas de desarrollo y se analizó su posible uso como materia prima alimenticia. Los resultados comparativos mostraron que los contenidos y porcentajes de fibra cruda en Papocho variaron entre 2.54 y 1.37% y en Pelipita entre 6.45 y 0.88%, la proteína cruda en Papocho entre 6.70 y 3.81% y en Pelipita entre 2.74 y 1.89%, la ceniza en Papocho entre 3.66 y 2.41% y en Pelipita entre 2.43 y 2.10%, y fueron afectados (P < 0.05 por la etapa de desarrollo de la fruta; mientras que la variedad de plátano afectó los contenidos de grasa en Papocho entre 0.64 y 0.48% y en Pelipita entre 0.55 y 0.35% en la harina de ambas variedades. En la variedad Pelipita el contenido de humedad (9.85% fue bajo. y presentó el mayor contenido de carbohidratos (85.86% a 77 días después de la floración.

Synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Dioscorea bulbifera tuber extract and evaluation of its synergistic potential in combination with antimicrobial agents

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Ghosh S

2012-02-01

Full Text Available Sougata Ghosh1, Sumersing Patil1, Mehul Ahire1, Rohini Kitture2, Sangeeta Kale3, Karishma Pardesi4, Swaranjit S Cameotra5, Jayesh Bellare6, Dilip D Dhavale7, Amit Jabgunde7, Balu A Chopade11Institute of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, University of Pune, Pune, 2Department of Electronic Science, Fergusson College, Pune, 3Department of Applied Physics, Defense Institute of Advanced Technology, Girinagar, Pune, 4Department of Microbiology, University of Pune, Pune, 5Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, 6Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Mumbai, 7Garware Research Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Pune, Pune, IndiaBackground: Development of an environmentally benign process for the synthesis of silver nanomaterials is an important aspect of current nanotechnology research. Among the 600 species of the genus Dioscorea, Dioscorea bulbifera has profound therapeutic applications due to its unique phytochemistry. In this paper, we report on the rapid synthesis of silver nanoparticles by reduction of aqueous Ag+ ions using D. bulbifera tuber extract.Methods and results: Phytochemical analysis revealed that D. bulbifera tuber extract is rich in flavonoid, phenolics, reducing sugars, starch, diosgenin, ascorbic acid, and citric acid. The biosynthesis process was quite fast, and silver nanoparticles were formed within 5 hours. Ultraviolet-visible absorption spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, and x-ray diffraction confirmed reduction of the Ag+ ions. Varied morphology of the bioreduced silver nanoparticles included spheres, triangles, and hexagons. Optimization studies revealed that the maximum rate of synthesis could be achieved with 0.7 mM AgNO3 solution at 50°C in 5 hours. The resulting silver nanoparticles were found to possess potent antibacterial activity against both Gram-negative and Gram

Comportamento de variedades de alface na região de Campinas - Parte II Behavior of lettuce varieties in the Campinas area

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José Botter Bernardi

1969-01-01

Full Text Available São apresentados os resultados de um ensaio de variedades de alface de cabeça. A variedade "Great Lakes'", do tipo de cabeça com fôlhas crêspas e verdes, mostrou-se mais produtiva e de melhor fechamento das cabeças. As variedades de fôlhas lisas situaram-se em segundo plano. Destas destacaram-se: "Shimabukuro", "Piracicaba" e "Gigante". As variedades menos produtivas foram "Maravilla de Ias Cuatro Estaciones" e "White Boston".The authors present the results of a trial of lettuce varieties, nearly all of them belonging to the butter-head type. In addition to productivity and quality of product, the trial was performed with a view to verify the behavior of the varieties under high-temperature conditions prevailing from September to November, this being the end of the period of cultivating, acceptable in conditions as of the Paulista Plateau. The variety "Great Lakes", of the crisp-head type, excelled the others in productivity and formation of heads. The following varieties placed themselves second in order: "Shimabukuro", "Piracicaba", "Gigante", "Bautzener Dauerkopf" and "La Chaume", all of them of the butter-head type. The less productive varieties, also of the same type as the before mentioned, were: "Maravilla de las Cuatro Estaciones" and "White Boston", the former presents, however, the external leaves consistent and of brownish tint, this causing depreciation of its commercial value. Of all varieties, the "White Boston'' is the most tender one and is mostly given preference by the Paulista consumer.

Composición química de aceites de las variedades Arbequina y Empeltre cultivadas en regadío

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Guillén, Mónica

2009-09-01

Full Text Available This study examines the composition of oils extracted from young olive trees of the Arbequina and Empeltre varieties grown with irrigation in the same farm throughout a period of three seasons. Quality parameters, Fatty acid composition, sterols, waxes and aliphatic alcohols were analyzed. Although the quality of oils of both varieties was that of extra virgin, varietal differences were found. The peroxide value and the content of total polyphenols were much higher in Empeltre, whereas stability was higher in Arbequina. The monounsaturated acids were higher in Arbequina containing more stearic, oleic, arachidic and behenic acids than Empeltre, while this variety surpassed Arbequina in palmitic, margaroleic, linoleic, linolenic, gadoleic and lignoceric acids. The sterol composition was also different in the two varieties with higher contents of 24-methylencholesterol, campesterol and, especially, Δ-5 avenasterol in Arbequina, and campestanol, Δ-7 stigmastenol, Δ-7 Avenasterol in Empeltre. The contents of both waxes and aliphatic alcohols were higher in Arbequina.Este trabajo analiza la composición de aceites de árboles jóvenes de las variedades Arbequina y Empeltre cultivados en regadío en una misma finca. Durante tres campañas se estudiaron los parámetros de calidad, la composición en ácidos grasos, los esteroles, las ceras y los alcoholes alifáticos. Aunque la calidad de los aceites de las dos variedades fue la de virgen extra se encontraron diferencias varietales. El índice de peróxidos y los polifenoles totales tuvieron valores muy superiores en la variedad Empeltre, sin embargo la estabilidad fue mayor en Arbequina. El total de ácidos monoinsaturados fue mayor en Arbequina y el de poliinsaturados en Empeltre. Arbequina contenía más esteárico, oleico, araquídico y behénico que Empeltre, en tanto que en esta variedad era mayor en palmítico, margaroleico, linoleico, linolénico, gadoleico y lignocérico. La composici

Resistência de variedades comerciais de cana-de-açúcar ao agente causal do raquitismo-da-soqueira Resistance of sugarcane commercials cultivars to causal agent of ratoon stunting disease

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Paulo Roberto Gagliardi

2009-07-01

Full Text Available O raquitismo-da-soqueira (RSD, causado pela bactéria Leifsonia xyli subsp. xyli, é uma das mais importantes doenças da cana-de-açúcar nas regiões produtoras do mundo. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o grau de resistência de 10 variedades comerciais RB de cana-de-açúcar mais a variedade CB 49-260, a qual foi incluída como padrão suscetível. O trabalho visou avaliar os danos amostrados em campo pelo peso das parcelas em função da relação entre a produtividade de parcelas inoculadas e não inoculadas artificialmente com a bactéria. Os resultados mostraram que as variedades RB 72 454, RB 83 5486, RB 86 7515, RB 92 5211, RB 92 5268, RB 92 5345, RB 92 8064 e a variedade padrão CB 49-260 comportaram-se como variedades suscetíveis. A variedade RB 85 5156 comportou-se como de resistência intermediária e apenas as variedades RB 85 5453 e RB 85 5536 comportaram-se como tolerantes.Ratoon stunting disease (RSD caused by bacteria Leifsonia xyli subsp. xyli is one of the most economically important disease of sugarcane worldwide. The present survey had objective to evaluate the resistance of 10 RB commercial cultivars of sugarcane including CB 49-260 as a susceptible standard. The study evaluated the correlating the damages presented for overhauls productivity of inoculate and non inoculate parcels with the bacteria. The results showed that varieties RB 72 454, RB 83 5486, RB 86 7515, RB 92 8064, RB 92 5211, RB 92 5345 and RB 92 5268 were susceptible. RB 85 5156 had a intermediary resistance and varieties RB 85 5453 and RB 85 5536 both showed tolerant behavior.

Estudio de las variedades de olivo cultivadas en España

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Barranco Navero, Diego

1984-01-01

Estudio realizado por el Departamento de Pomología de la E.T.S. de Ingenieros Agrónomos de la Universidad de Córdoba, en el que se pretende realizar la prospección de los cultivares autóctonos de las diferentes zonas oleícolas de España, identificar las variedades localizadas, definir sus áreas de difusión y recopilar la información local existente sobre sus características agronómicas y tecnológicas; y, por último, introducir en colección los cultivares considerados diferentes.

Ejercicios individuales de gimnasia rítmica: variedad y diversidad

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Catarina Leandro

2017-06-01

Full Text Available El objetivo de este estudio es hacer un análisis cuantitativo y cualitativo de los elementos técnicos utilizados en ejercicios individuales, en el Campeonato del Mundo de Gimnasia Rítmica (GR en Kiev, 2013, e identificar las características estructurales de la composición, que permiten percibir la variedad y diversidad en los ejercicios de GR en cada uno de los aparatos. Se analizaron 288 fichas de la competición, correspondientes a los ejercicios de 72 gimnastas en cada aparato (aro, pelota, mazas y cinta. Los datos fueron analizados mediante estadística descriptiva y pruebas no paramétricas (Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney y prueba de Friedman. Los resultados muestran características estructurales en la composición de los ejercicios similares en las diferentes modalidades respecto a los aspectos de la técnica corporal que determinan el mayor porcentaje en la composición, Los ejercicios de los diferentes aparatos se distinguen en los grupos más relacionados con la parte artística (maestría, pasos rítmicos y elementos dinámicos de rotación con lanzamiento, EDR, principalmente debido a las características específicas de cada aparato. Este estudio proporciona información actualizada sobre el contenido técnico de los ejercicios individuales de GR de élite, para ser considerado respecto a: (1 la posibilidad de modificar el presente código de puntuación, sobre todo en la definición de las exigencias de composición que favorezcan la variedad y diversidad y fomentar el valor artístico y la unidad técnica del aparato; (2 el proceso de formación de valor y el perfil de desempeño de GR de élite.

Variedades de batatinha (Solanum tuberosum L.. I - Comportamento de 12 variedades procedentes da Holanda, Alemanha e Suécia Behavior of twelve potato varieties from European sources

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O. J. Boock

1956-01-01

Full Text Available No presente trabalho são relatadas experiências com 12 variedades de batatinha (Solanum tuberosum L., recebidas da Holanda (Prinslander, Irene, Froma e Barima, Alemanha (Merkur, Sabina, Linda e Concordia e Suécia Konsuragis, Eigenheimer, Voran e Jätte-Bintje. Essas experiências, em número de seis, das quais três no chamado período "da sêca" (março-julho e três no "das águas" (setembro-janeiro, foram executadas nas localidades de Campinas, Louveira o Capão Bonito, no Estado de São Paulo. Ficou evidenciado o seguinte: a dado o bom estado de brotação dos tubérculos, as porcentagens de falhas no plantio "da sêca" foram baixas; já no plantio "das águas", as variedades de brotação lenta, como "Voran" e "Sabina", falharam muito; b "Prinslander" e "Konsuragis" resistiram bem à sêca prolongada, e "Barima" o "Linda" mostraram ser muito sensíveis; c "Linda", "Voran" e "Merkur", principalmente a primeira destas, apresentaram boa resistência a Phytophthora infestans, e "Jätte-Bintje" foi muito suscetível; "Voran", "Irene", "Prinslander" e "Barima" não ofereceram resistência a Alternaria solani; d "Merkur" e "Konsuragis" foram as mais produtivas para as duas épocas de plantio, sendo que "nas águas", "Eigenheimer", "Barima", "Concordia" e Jätte-Bintje", também produziram bem. Outros aspectos relacionados com variedades foram estudados.Twelve potato varieties imported from Holland (Prinslander, Irene, Froma, and Barima, Germany (Merkur, Sabina, Linda, and Concordia, and Sweden (Konsuragis, Eigenheimer, Voran, and Jätte-Bintje were compared in six experiments carried out at three different localities in the state of São Paulo (Campinas, Louveira, and Capão Bonito. The experiments were planted twice a year, once during the so-called dry season (March lo July, and another time during the rainy season (September to March. The following results were obtained: a plantings made in the dry season had a good stand, whereas this was

Comportamiento Agronómico de seis variedades de Cebada (Hordeum Vulgare en tres localidades, Provincia de Santa Elena.

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Néstor Orrala B

2015-10-01

Full Text Available En la península de Santa Elena de mayo a diciembre, las temperaturas giran alrededor de 22 ºC, , lo que podría ser un medio adecuado para muchos cultivos andinos. El estudio exploratorio tuvo como objetivo verificar el comportamiento agronómico de variedades de cebada: Terán, Cañicapa 03, Clipper , Grit, Metcalfe y Scarlett en tres ambientes de la provincia de Santa Elena. Variables evaluadas: germinación, ahijamiento, encañado, espigado, maduración, altura de planta, número de macollos, longitud de espiga, cantidad de granos llenos y vanos, peso 1 000 semillas, rendimiento por hectárea, más análisis económico. Los resultados concluyen que las etapas fenológicas son más cortas en la Costa que en la Sierra, pudiéndose afirmar que el ciclo vegetativo de los germoplasmas está determinado por la interacción genotipo-ambiente y por las características varietales de cada cultivar. Las variedades Metcalfe, Scarlett y Clipper alcanzan rendimientos entre 3,55 y 4,35 toneladas por hectárea. El costo de producción por hectárea es mayor con relación a la sierra, lo que se explica en el mayor uso del recurso agua.Palabras claves: Cebada, comportamiento, variedades, épocas, adaptación.

Caracterización física del fruto en variedades de plátano cultivadas en la zona cafetera de colombia

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Castellanos Galeano, Francisco Javier; Lucas Aguirre, Juan Carlos

2012-01-01

Se analizaron el peso, la longitud, el diámetro central y la densidad de frutos con cáscara y sin ella, y la materia seca (MS) de las variedades de plátano del grupo Plantain (AAB): África, Dominico Hartón, Cubano Blanco y Hartón, además las del grupo Bluggoe (ABB): Cachaco o Popocho, y los híbridos (AAAB): FHIA 20 y FHIA 21 repetidas dos veces, con excepción del hibrido FHIA 21 que tenía una repetición. Las variedades Cachaco, Cubano Blanco y Hartón se cosecharon en el área rural de los muni...

Petismo e chavismo: variedades de capitalismo e de regulação trabalhista no Brasil e na Venezuela

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Wallace dos Santos de Moraes

2014-06-01

Full Text Available O objetivo deste artigo é discutir as variedades de capitalismo na América Latina e verificar se a chegada de governos de base popular alterou o curso das políticas trabalhistas implementadas após os anos 1990. Mais precisamente trata-se da discussão sobre a regulação laboral sob os governos petistas (2003-2013 e chavista (1999-2013 respectivamente no Brasil e na Venezuela. A pesquisa tem como propósito analisar como esses governos trataram a herança institucional deixada pelos antecessores neoliberais. Utilizamos a teoria de variedades de capitalismo e o conceito de path dependence para o entendimento da questão. Percebemos que a força dos movimentos sociais nas ruas foi determinante para as diferentes posturas assumidas tanto pelo petismo, como pelo chavismo.

Caracterización de la respuesta fisiológica de tres variedades de papa (Solanum tuberosum L.) bajo condiciones de estrés por déficit hídrico

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Rodriguez Pérez, Loyla

2015-01-01

En esta tesis se evalúo la respuesta fisiológica, bioquímica y de fenología de tres variedades colombianas de papa (Solanum tuberosum L.) sometidas a déficit hídrico y rehidratación. La hipótesis planteada fue que con base en el comportamiento de las variedades en las zonas de producción, las tres variedades de Solanum tuberosum L. presentarían respuesta diferencial a un período de déficit hídrico por suspensión del riego. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar el comportam...

Disentangling the origins of cultivated sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.).

Science.gov (United States)

Roullier, Caroline; Duputié, Anne; Wennekes, Paul; Benoit, Laure; Fernández Bringas, Víctor Manuel; Rossel, Genoveva; Tay, David; McKey, Doyle; Lebot, Vincent

2013-01-01

Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam., Convolvulaceae) counts among the most widely cultivated staple crops worldwide, yet the origins of its domestication remain unclear. This hexaploid species could have had either an autopolyploid origin, from the diploid I. trifida, or an allopolyploid origin, involving genomes of I. trifida and I. triloba. We generated molecular genetic data for a broad sample of cultivated sweet potatoes and its diploid and polyploid wild relatives, for noncoding chloroplast and nuclear ITS sequences, and nuclear SSRs. Our data did not support an allopolyploid origin for I. batatas, nor any contribution of I. triloba in the genome of domesticated sweet potato. I. trifida and I. batatas are closely related although they do not share haplotypes. Our data support an autopolyploid origin of sweet potato from the ancestor it shares with I. trifida, which might be similar to currently observed tetraploid wild Ipomoea accessions. Two I. batatas chloroplast lineages were identified. They show more divergence with each other than either does with I. trifida. We thus propose that cultivated I. batatas have multiple origins, and evolved from at least two distinct autopolyploidization events in polymorphic wild populations of a single progenitor species. Secondary contact between sweet potatoes domesticated in Central America and in South America, from differentiated wild I. batatas populations, would have led to the introgression of chloroplast haplotypes of each lineage into nuclear backgrounds of the other, and to a reduced divergence between nuclear gene pools as compared with chloroplast haplotypes.

Variedades del voto: hacia una sociología plural del sufragio particular

OpenAIRE

Sonnleitner, Willibald

2017-01-01

Resumen En México, las relaciones inestables entre las bases socio-territoriales del desarrollo socio-económico y del voto desafían las teorías clásicas de la modernización. Para comprender el comportamiento contradictorio de la participación electoral hay que explorar las variedades del sufragio en distintos contextos, niveles y escalas, y considerar la diversidad de formas de movilización ciudadana. Como lo muestra la sociología empírica del voto, éste puede apoyarse en dispositivos de tipo...

Protodioscin, Isolated from the Rhizome of Dioscorea tokoro Collected in Northern Japan is the Major Antiproliferative Compound to HL-60 
Leukemic Cells.

Science.gov (United States)

Oyama, Manami; Tokiwano, Tetsuo; Kawaii, Satoru; Yoshida, Yasunori; Mizuno, Kouichi; Oh, Keimei; Yoshizawa, Yuko

2017-06-01

The rhizome of Oni-dokoro (a wild yam, Dioscorea tokoro) has extremely bitter taste and is not generally regarded edible;, however, in northern part of Japan, such as Iwate and a part of Aomori, it is used as health promoting food. To clarify the reason, we examined the biologically active compounds in the rhizome collected at Iwate and compared them from the other area in literature. The acetonitrile extract from northern part of Japan was purified by bioassay-guided separation using antiproliferative activity to human leukemia HL-60 cell, and protodioscin (PD) was isolated and identified by instrumental analyses as the major active compound. PD known as a saponin with four sugar moieties, an inhibitor for platelet aggregation, and a low density lipoprotein (LPL) lowering agent, displayed strong growth inhibitory effect to HL-60. The literature search suggested that the rhizome from other area contained dioscin and other saponins with three sugar moieties as their major component. We assume that the edible and health promoting effect of the rhizome in the particular area is partially derived from these different components. We were interested in the differences of utilization in the rhizome of wild yam Dioscorea tokoro, and examined the chemical composition in the rhizome to find protodioscin as antiproliferative compound to HL-60. In the report from other area, the rhizome exhibited dioscin as the major compound. Our study indicated that the protodioscin/dioscin composition varied regionally, although the reason is still needs to be investigated.

Sweetening syrup production by enzymatic hydrolysis of starch variety yam (Dioscorea rotundata

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Carlos Ramón Vidal Tovar

2011-04-01

Full Text Available Sweeteners syrups produced by enzymatic hydrolysis from starch of hawthorn yam (Dioscorea rotundata. The starch was extracted by a scratched, washed, sedimented and drying; the yield was quantified taking into account the amount of initial raw material and was determined the concentration of starch, amylose, amylopectin, crude fiber, ash, protein, fat and humidity in accordance with the requirements of the AOAC standards, and ICONTEC COVENIN. Enzymatic hydrolysis of starch was conducted using ∂-amylase, glucoamylase and pullulanase in starch solutions at 36 and 46 % w/w varying the order of application of glucoamylase and pullulanase were determined pH, Brix, moisture, reducing sugars (AR, total sugar (TS and the dextrose equivalent (ED in the syrups obtained. In the liquefaction were obtained with an intermediate syrups sweeteners ED 18.81% and 22.15%. Syrups low and medium conversion with an ED between 34-45% in the first saccharification and high conversion syrups with a DE between 75-79% as a final product. The above values allow the use of hawthorn yam starch syrup production for multiple uses in different food industry processes.

COMPARACIÓN DE LOS COMPONENTES DEL RENDIMIENTO EN VARIEDADES DE FRIJOL EN CONDICIONES DE ACIDEZ Y HUMEDAD RESIDUAL DEL SUELO EN EL SUR DE VERACRUZ

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Aurelio Morales Rivera

2015-10-01

Full Text Available El frijol negro (Phaseolus vulgaris L. se cultiva en suelos ácidos (pH<5 con humedad residual en el sur del estado de Veracruz, México. El cultivo se realiza en unas 6600 ha al final de la temporada de lluvias a mediados de septiembre o principios de octubre. La humedad residual, aunado a la acidez del suelo frecuentemente afectan el periodo de formación de la semilla, reduciendo el rendimiento. El presente trabajo tuvo como objetivo caracterizar variedades de frijol de tipo III en cuanto a su rendimiento de semilla y sus componentes, cultivadas bajo restricciones de humedad residual y acidez del suelo, y altas temperaturas en el ciclo otoño-invierno 2012-2013, en el Municipio de Juan Rodríguez Clara, Veracruz. Se emplearon seis variedades de testa de color negro, seis del tipo ‘Flor de Mayo’ y una del tipo ‘Flor de Junio’. El diseño experimental fue de bloques completos al azar con cuatro repeticiones. La unidad experimental se constituyó de cinco surcos de 5 m de longitud y 0.8 m de separación. Se fertilizó con una dosis de 40-40-00. Las variedades “Negro Veracruz”, “San Andrés”, “Negro Cotaxtla” y “Flor de Junio Marcela”, exhibieron mayor rendimiento de semilla, vainas por m2 y peso de 200 semillas, altura de planta y menor biomasa aérea final que las demás. El mayor rango de variabilidad genética entre las variedades se observó para la biomasa aérea final y altura de planta. La respuesta en rendimiento y sus componentes sugiere que algunas variedades de testa negra han desarrollado mecanismos de tolerancia a la acidez, restricción de humedad residual del suelo y altas temperaturas durante la floración y formación de la semilla, que les permiten producir altos rendimientos a pesar de estar sometidas a estrés ambiental. La variedad de Valles Altos (“Flor de Junio Marcela”, también mostró que podría tener buena adaptación a estas condiciones.

Rendimiento y valor nutricional de tres variedades de sorgo dulce cultivadas en cuatro ambientes de Durango

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Rafael Jiménez Ocampo

2017-04-01

Full Text Available El sorgo dulce muestra alto rendimiento de forraje para la alimentación de rumiantes. El objetivo fue evaluar el rendimiento y calidad forrajera de tres variedades de sorgo en Durango. En 2014, se evaluaron las variedades Lico, TOM 3 y Mercedes, en la Colonia Hidalgo (CH, Campo Experimental Valle del Guadiana (CEVAG, La Soledad (LS y La Goma (LG. El diseño experimental fue completamente aleatorio con arreglo factorial y cinco repeticiones. Se evaluó forraje verde (FV, forraje seco (FS, proteína cruda (PC, digestibilidad verdadera in vitro (DIVMS, fibra detergente neutra (FDN, fibra detergente ácida (FDA, lignina (L, celulosa (Cel, hemicelulosa (HE, valor relativo (VRF y calidad relativa del forraje (CRF. Se observaron diferencias significativas (P≤0.01 y 0.05 entre ambientes y variedades para FV, FS, L, VRF y CRF y entre ambientes para PC, FDN, FDA, CEL, HE y DIVMS. En CEVAG, se registró el mayor rendimiento de FV (75.9 t ha-1 y FS (12.4 t ha-1. El valor más alto de PC se obtuvo en LG (10 %; mientras que la DIVMS fue alta en LS (78.2 % y más baja en LG (63.9 %. El contenido de L fue más alto en CH (6.3 % y LG (6.2 %; mientras que, en LS fue de 3.4 %. Exceptuando LG, en todos los ambientes se obtuvo alta calidad forrajera (CRF= 106.7 a 135.0 %. El sorgo es una opción forrajera en Durango, aunque debe cuidarse la fecha de siembra y cosecha, control de insectos, riego y fertilización para incrementar el rendimiento y calidad nutricional.

Normas de calidad para las variedades de mango "tommy Atkins" y "común" (hilacha

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Gabriela Mahecha

2010-05-01

Full Text Available Se caracterizaron dos variedades Je mango (Manauifera indica L; Tommy Atkins y Común.Se realizaron las siguientes determinaciones; a físicas; forma, volumen, dureza, peso total, rendimiento en pulpa y relación longitud/diámetro y b químicos: % de acidez titulable, y de almidón, °Brix, pH, índice de madurez y análisis sensorial,Se ensayó un método cualitativoparadeterminaralmidon.se desarrollaron cartas de color tanto de la cascara como de la pulpa, del estado verde al maduro y se diseñó un dispositivo para medir en forma ágil la longitud y los diámetros de la fruta. En las dos variedades se encontraron correlaciones altamente significativas entre la longitud y los diámetros mayor y menor, la longitud y el peso total, la dureza sin cascara y el índice de madurez, el peso específico aparente y el % de almidón y entre el contenido de almidón y el índice de madurez. En base a los resultados obtenidos se establecieron estándares preliminares de calidad para selección de mango durante la recolección, comercialización y mercadeo

Final report of the amended safety assessment of Dioscorea Villosa (Wild Yam) root extract.

Science.gov (United States)

2004-01-01

Dioscorea Villosa (Wild Yam) Root Extract is an extract of the rhizomes of the wild yam, D. villosa. A manufacturing process was described in which cut up and ground rhizomes are combined with an eluant (e.g., oleyl alcohol), the plant material precipitated with addition of a miscible solvent, washed, and redissolved in the original eluant. The extract contains glycoside and steroidal saponins (Food and Drug Administration (in a body and hand preparation), industry reported uses in body and hand creams, lotions, powders, and sprays at a concentration of 0.00001% (equivalent to 0.000002% plant solids), and in moisturizing creams, lotions, powders, and sprays at concentrations up to 15% (equivalent to 0.5% plant solids). Preparations fromD. villosaare used in herbal medicine for treatment of a variety of ailments and by the pharmaceutical industry in the preparation of steroids. Using Dioscorea Villosa (Wild Yam) Root Extract prepared via a specified process, it is possible to produce a stable extract with a narrow range of diosgenin content. The extract produced using this methodology was tested in acute and short-term toxicity tests, dermal irritation tests, a sensitization test, an ocular irritation test, a rat uterotropic assay, and genotoxicity tests. An acute oral toxicity test produced hypoactivity, piloerection, and dyspnea and a death in 1 of 10 rats at 2 g/kg using the specified extract, but no toxicity in rats given 0.5 g/kg. A dermal toxicity test using the specified extract demonstrated no acute toxicity in rats. Both a 7-day local tolerance test and a 28-day dermal toxicity test in rats produced no significant adverse effects at the maximum tested concentration of 10%. A single application of undiluted extract to the intact and abraded skin of rabbits produced sufficient irritation for the test material to be rated"irritant,"but a 10% dilution was not irritating. Undiluted extract was only mildly irritating to the conjuctiva of the rabbit eye

A landscape perspective of the stream corridor invasion and habitat characteristics of an exotic (Dioscorea oppositifolia) in a pristine watershed in Illinois

Science.gov (United States)

Thomas, J.R.; Middleton, B.; Gibson, D.J.

2006-01-01

The spatial distribution of exotics across riparian landscapes is not uniform, and research elaborating the environmental constraints and dispersal behavior that underlie these patterns of distribution is warranted. This study examined the spatial distribution, growth patterns, and habitat constraints of populations of the invasive Dioscorea oppositifolia in a forested stream corridor of a tributary of Drury Creek in Giant City State Park, IL. The distribution of D. oppositifolia was determined at the watershed scale mainly by floodplain structure and connectivity. Populations of D. oppositifolia were confined to the floodplain, with overbank flooding from the stream. Dioscorea oppositifolia probably originates in disturbed areas upstream of natural corridors, and subsequently, the species disperses downstream into pristine canyons or ravines via bulbils dispersing in the water. In Giant City State Park, populations of D. oppositifolia were distributed on the floodplain across broad gradients of soil texture, light, slope, and potential radiation. The study also examined the longevity of bulbils in various micro-environments to illuminate strategies for the management of the species in invaded watersheds. After 1 year, the highest percentages of bulbils were viable under leaves, and much lower percentages were viable over leaves, in soil, and in the creek (76.0??6.8, 21.2??9.6, 21.6??3.6, and 5.2??5.2%), respectively. This study suggests that management procedures that reduce leaf litter on the forest floor (e.g., prescribed burning) could reduce the number of bulbils of D. oppositifolia stored in the watershed. ?? Springer 2006.

Producción de rastrojo y grano de variedades locales de maíz en condiciones de temporal en los valles altos de Libres-Serdán, Puebla, México

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Faviola Muñoz-Tlahuiz

2013-01-01

Full Text Available El rastrojo de maíz es un subproducto importante para la alimentación de varias especies pecuarias en unidades de producción bajo condiciones de temporal de los valles altos de México. En estas zonas se carece de variedades que produzcan en suficiencia grano y rastrojo (variedades de doble propósito; por lo que en el presente estudio se evaluó la producción de rastrojo y grano de variedades locales de maíz en los valles altos de Puebla y Tlaxcala, México. Se colectó semilla en las regiones Libres-Mazapiltepec-Huamantla (L-M-H y Serdán-Tlachichuca-Guadalupe Victoria (S-T- GV. Para cada región se evaluaron 144 variedades, incluyendo cuatro testigos comerciales, en dos localidades bajo un diseño látice simple 12x12 con dos repeticiones. Se midió rendimiento de rastrojo, producción de hoja y tallo, altura de planta y de mazorca, días a floración femenina, y rendimiento de grano. En cada experimento se realizó un análisis de varianza y por cada región un análisis combinado además de un análisis de correlación canónica. En cada región se encontró una diversidad amplia para rendimiento de rastrojo y grano (P<0.01 que fue desde bajo hasta alto rendimiento. Se detectaron algunas variedades locales que para ambas características fueron sobresalientes (P<0.05. Los testigos comerciales ensayados tuvieron menores rendimientos de grano y rastrojo que las variedades locales sobresalientes.

Evaluación del comportamiento agroindustrial de variedades de duraznos conserveros (Prunus persica (L. Batsch en Mendoza, Argentina

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Miguel Alejandro Ojer

2010-06-01

Full Text Available Con el objeto de aumentar los rendimientos a campo, mejorar la calidad de la materia prima y sentar las bases de futuros programas de introducción de nuevas variedades, se evaluaron 13 variedades de duraznos conserveros. A fin de dar marco a la propuesta, se analizó la situación del sector industrial, el sector de producción primaria y el panorama varietal. Se efectuaron mediciones en 5 áreas: maduración, comportamiento en la cosecha, capacidad productiva, parámetros vinculados al procesamiento en mitades y comportamiento en la agroindustria. Las determinaciones se realizaron durante 6 temporadas en 2 montes frutales en plena producción comercial. La oferta varietal se caracterizó por una sobreoferta (56,0 % del total implantado entre la última semana de enero y primera de febrero, y una escasa oferta, tan sólo del 12,2 %, a partir de mediados de febrero. Se observó un progresivo y sostenido reemplazo de las máquinas descarozadoras de torsión por las de sección. El máximo valor de la producción depende de los rendimientos, el peso de los frutos y su distribución en categorías comerciales. Sólo las variedades, Fortuna, Loadel y Carson, no superaron el nivel de producción mínimo (40 t/ha, pretendido por el sector primario. Sullivan’s Late mostró un comportamiento errático, con años de alto rendimiento y otros con baja producción. El rendimiento industrial es función principalmente del peso de frutos y la firmeza de pulpa. En el ingreso a la línea de procesamiento, la firmeza de pulpa debe estar en el rango 6 a 12 lb, aunque el óptimo es de 7 a 10 lb. Una visión integral del problema indica que la definición de la carga frutal óptima para cada variedad y el manejo de la cosecha son los dos factores determinantes del rendimiento en campo, la calidad de la materia prima y del rendimiento industrial.

Evaluación del comportamiento agroindustrial de variedades de duraznos conserveros (Prunus persica (L. Batsch en Mendoza, Argentina

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Miguel Alejandro Ojer

2010-07-01

Full Text Available Con el objeto de aumentar los rendimientos a campo, mejorar la calidad de la materia prima y sentar las bases de futuros programas de introducción de nuevas variedades, se evaluaron 13 variedades de duraznos conserveros. A fin de dar marco a la propuesta, se analizó la situación del sector industrial, el sector de producción primaria y el panorama varietal. Se efectuaron mediciones en 5 áreas: maduración, comportamiento en la cosecha, capacidad productiva, parámetros vinculados al procesamiento en mitades y comportamiento en la agroindustria. Las determinaciones se realizaron durante 6 temporadas en 2 montes frutales en plena producción comercial. La oferta varietal se caracterizó por una sobreoferta (56,0 % del total implantado entre la última semana de enero y primera de febrero, y una escasa oferta, tan sólo del 12,2 %, a partir de mediados de febrero. Se observó un progresivo y sostenido reemplazo de las máquinas descarozadotas de torsión por las de sección. El máximo valor de la producción depende de los rendimientos, el peso de los frutos y su distribución en categorías comerciales. Sólo las variedades, Fortuna, Loadel y Carson, no superaron el nivel de producción mínimo (40 t/ha, pretendido por el sector primario. Sullivan’s Late mostró un comportamiento errático, con años de alto rendimiento y otros con baja producción. El rendimiento industrial es función principalmente del peso de frutos y la firmeza de pulpa. En el ingreso a la línea de procesamiento, la firmeza de pulpa debe estar en el rango 6 a 12 lb, aunque el óptimo es de 7 a 10 lb. Una visión integral del problema indica que la definición de la carga frutal óptima para cada variedad y el manejo de la cosecha son los dos factores de determinantes del rendimiento en campo, la calidad de la materia prima y del rendimiento industrial.

Comportamiento fenológico de tres variedades de rosas rojas en función de la acumulación de la temperatura

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Rodríguez Wbeymar E.

2006-12-01

Full Text Available

Un modelo fenológico permite predecir  el tiempo en que ocurrirá un evento en el desarrollo de un organismo, y el calor acumulado en este proceso se conoce como tiempo fisiológico o grados-día de crecimiento.  El estudio fue realizado en una finca de producción de flores, ubicada en el municipio de Suesca (Cundinamarca, con el objetivo de evaluar el comportamiento fenológico de las variedades de rosas ‘Madame Delbard’, ‘Charlotte’ y ‘Freedom’, como respuesta a la acumulación de grados-día. Para esto, a los estadios fenológicos denominados ‘arroz’, ‘garbanzo’, ‘mostrando color’ y ‘cosecha’ se les hizo un seguimiento desde el momento de la poda. Para la primera cosecha de la variedad ‘Madame Delbard’, se obtuvo una acumulación total de 1085,3 grados-día y el pico de cosecha se presentó a los 86 d y 904,4 grados-día. La variedad ‘Charlotte’ tuvo sus primeras flores a los 49 d, finalizando la cosecha a los 87 d y con 906,3 grados- día. El pico de cosecha se dio a los 69 d y 718,5 grados-día. En el caso de la variedad ‘Freedom’, se necesitaron 50 d después de poda para cortar las primeras flores, a los 80 d y 779,9 grados-día se acentúo la cosecha, finalizando a los 93 d y 892,9 grados-día. Las curvas de producción obtenidas de las tres variedades presentaron un modelo cuadrático, definido por el modelo de regresión de Poisson, excepto para la curva de la ‘Freedom’, que se comportó como un modelo lineal.

Disentangling the origins of cultivated sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas (L. Lam..

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Caroline Roullier

Full Text Available Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas (L. Lam., Convolvulaceae counts among the most widely cultivated staple crops worldwide, yet the origins of its domestication remain unclear. This hexaploid species could have had either an autopolyploid origin, from the diploid I. trifida, or an allopolyploid origin, involving genomes of I. trifida and I. triloba. We generated molecular genetic data for a broad sample of cultivated sweet potatoes and its diploid and polyploid wild relatives, for noncoding chloroplast and nuclear ITS sequences, and nuclear SSRs. Our data did not support an allopolyploid origin for I. batatas, nor any contribution of I. triloba in the genome of domesticated sweet potato. I. trifida and I. batatas are closely related although they do not share haplotypes. Our data support an autopolyploid origin of sweet potato from the ancestor it shares with I. trifida, which might be similar to currently observed tetraploid wild Ipomoea accessions. Two I. batatas chloroplast lineages were identified. They show more divergence with each other than either does with I. trifida. We thus propose that cultivated I. batatas have multiple origins, and evolved from at least two distinct autopolyploidization events in polymorphic wild populations of a single progenitor species. Secondary contact between sweet potatoes domesticated in Central America and in South America, from differentiated wild I. batatas populations, would have led to the introgression of chloroplast haplotypes of each lineage into nuclear backgrounds of the other, and to a reduced divergence between nuclear gene pools as compared with chloroplast haplotypes.

Bayo Azteca, primera variedad mejorada de frijol con resistencia a Apion godmani Wagner Bayo Azteca, first improved bean variety with resistance to Apion godmani Wagner

OpenAIRE

Ramón Garza-García; Carmen Jacinto-Hernández; Dagoberto Garza-García

2010-01-01

Bayo Azteca, la primera variedad mejorada de frijol (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), con resistencia a una plaga insectil, ha sido obtenida por el programa de frijol del Campo Experimental Valle de México, del Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias por cruzas múltiples, esto involucró un largo proceso de mejora genética. Bayo Azteca es la primera variedad mejorada resistente al picudo del ejote (Apion godmani Wagner), un curculiónido que ataca al frijol en las zonas t...

Aspectos morfológicos de folhas na diferenciação de variedades de carambola Morphological aspects of leaves in differentiation of varieties of star fruit

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Renata Aparecida de Andrade

2007-08-01

Full Text Available Em certas espécies vegetais, a distinção entre variedades pode ser realizada com base em aspectos morfológicos das folhas, o que permite a diferenciação mesmo quando não apresentam flores e/ou frutos. O presente trabalho foi realizado objetivando a distinção entre variedades de caramboleira (Averrhoa carambola L. através de aspectos foliares. Foram avaliadas quatro variedades de caramboleira: Arkin, B-10, Golden Star e Hart, com quatro repetições de 10 folhas cada. Pelos resultados obtidos no presente trabalho, conclui-se que há diferenças morfológicas foliares entre as variedades de caramboleira, permitindo a sua distinção, especialmente em condições de viveiro.In some vegetable species, the distinction among varieties can be done based on morphological aspects of the leaves that allow the differentiation even when they do not have flowers and/or fruits. The aim of this work was to differentiate the varieties of star fruit (Averrhoa carambola L. by foliar aspects. It was evaluated four varieties of star fruit: Arkin, B-10, Golden Star and Hart, with four replications containing 10 leaves in each one. The results obtained showed that exist morphological foliar differences among the varieties of star fruit, being permitted the distinction, especially in nursery conditions.

Teor de bixina em quatro variedades de Bixa orellana L. cultivadas na Paraíba

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José Maria Barbosa-Filho

Full Text Available Neste trabalho foi verificado o teor de Óleos, sólidos e bixina em sementes de quatro variedades de Bixa orellana L. cultivadas na Paraíba: "Casca verde", "Casca vermelha", Bico de calango" e "Grão preto". Os melhores resultados foram obtidos com os tipos "Casca verde" e "Casca vermelha" que apresentaram um rendimento em bixina pura, cristalina, de 1,3 e 1,1%, respectivamente.

Respuesta de variedades de maíz (Zea mays L. a diferentes fuentes de fertilización en el Valle de Puebla

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Rafael Alvarado Teyssier

2018-01-01

Full Text Available Actualmente existen opciones biológicamente sustentables que pueden sustituir parcialmente la fertilización sintética de los cultivos, disminuyendo los costos de producción. Para evaluar la respuesta de 18 variedades de maíz a la fertilización sintética (FQ, fertilización sintética más inoculante (FQB y fertilización sintética más composta (FQC, en 2010 se establecieron dos experimentos en condiciones de temporal en el valle de Puebla, bajo un diseño completamente al azar con arreglo en parcelas divididas con tres repeticiones, a las parcelas grandes se les asignó el tipo de fertilización y en las parcelas chicas se integraron los genotipos de maíz. No se encontraron diferencias en rendimiento de grano y rastrojo por tipo de fertilización. Los resultados mostraron interacción de las variedades con los tipos de fertilización y localidad. En la interacción variedad por tipo de fertilización se encontró que el 55.6% de las variedades mostró mayores rendimientos con FQC, mientras que el 27.8% con FQB y el 16.7% con FQ. En San Andrés Calpan se obtuvieron los mayores rendimientos de rastrojo con FQC (8.8 Mg ha 1 mientras que en San Pedro Tlaltenango estos se obtuvieron con la FQB (15.3 Mg ha 1 y FQ (15.4 Mg ha 1. El empleo combinado de fertilizante sintético con inoculantes o composta mantiene e incrementa los rendimientos de grano y rastrojo al obtenido sólo con la fertilización sintética.

Composição químico-bromatológica, fracionamento de carboidratos e cinética da degradação in vitro da fibra de três variedades de cana-de-açúcar (Saccharum spp.

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Azevêdo José Augusto Gomes

2003-01-01

Full Text Available Os objetivos do trabalho foram quantificar a composição químico-bromatológica; determinar as frações de carboidratos; e estimar as variáveis de cinética de degradação dos carboidratos fibrosos (CF e não-fibrosos (CNF de três variedades de cana-de-açúcar divergentes nutricionalmente. As variedades utilizadas foram SP80-1842, SP79-1011 e RB845257. As variedades de ciclo de produção intermediário apresentaram maiores valores de FDN e FDA comparadas à variedade de ciclo precoce. As relações FDN/Pol (polarização do caldo encontradas foram, respectivamente, 2,7; 2,8; e 2,3 para as variedades SP80-1842, RB845257 e SP79-1011. A variedade SP79-1011 apresentou menor fração C e maior fração B2 dos carboidratos (27,8 e 33,3%. Houve diferenças, por meio da técnica gravimétrica, para o tempo de colonização e a degradabilidade efetiva da FDN, com superioridade para a variedade SP79-1011, que apresentou valores respectivos de 7,9 h e 10,3%. Houve efeito apenas para o volume máximo de gás dos CNF, com superioridade das variedades de ciclo intermediário SP79-1011 e RB845257. A variedade SP79-1011 foi a que apresentou melhores características produtivas, composição químico-bromatológica, além de melhores valores das variáveis de cinética de degradação dos carboidratos fibrosos (CF e não-fibrosos (CNF. A técnica de produção de gás apresentou melhores resultados que aqueles apresentados pela técnica gravimétrica.

QUALIDADE PROTÉICA DE DIVERSOS ALIMENTOS, INCLUINDO DIFERENTES VARIEDADES DE SOJA*

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FABRíCIA QUEIROZ MENDES

2009-09-01

Full Text Available

O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar a digestibilidade protéica, o PER e NPR das seguintes fontes proteicas: caseína, albumina, arroz, aveia, carne de frango, peixe e suína, leite em pó, proteína de soro de leite, quinoa e cinco variedades de soja. A avaliação da qualidade protéica foi conduzida por ensaios biológicos, durante 14 dias, utilizando-se ratos recém desmamados. As dietas continham teores de 9,5% de proteína e 7% para a de arroz. Foi determinada a atividade de inibidor de tripsina nas amostras de soja. As dietas de caseína, albumina, arroz, proteína de soro de leite e as carnes suína, peixe e frango apresentaram maiores valores de digestibilidade, não diferindo entre si, com valores entre 92,12% a 95,54%. As que continham soja foram as que apresentaram menor valor de digestibilidade (73,23% a 78,04%. Para valores de PER e NPR, leite em pó, caseína, albumina, proteína de soro e as carnes apresentaram os maiores valores. Os valores encontrados para a inibição de tripsina variaram de 100,71 a 157,72 mg de tripsina inibida/g de proteína. A menor digestibilidade das variedades de soja prova que a presença de fatores antinutricionais reduz a biodisponibilidade das proteínas.

Producción y calidad de forraje de variedades de avena en condiciones de temporal en Zacatecas, México

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Ricardo A. Sánchez Gutiérrez

2014-01-01

Full Text Available Se evaluó la pro ducción, calidad y componentes de rendimiento de seis variedades de avena forrajera en Zacatecas. Los experimentos se establecieron en julio de 2011 y 2012 en el municipio de Monte Escobedo. El dise ño experimental fue bloques completos al azar con tres repeticiones, la densidad de siembra fue 120 kg ha -1 y dosis de fertilización de 60-40-00 de N, P 2 O 5 , K. La cosecha fue en estado fisiológico lechoso-masoso. En 2011 y 2012, La variedad Saía sobresalió ( P 0.05 entre variedades con un rango de 10.6 a 13.8 %. En los dos años de estudio Karma presentó las mejores características nutricionales: baja acumulación de fibra detergente neutr o (51 % y acida (33.4 y 35.3 %, valores altos en total de nutrientes digestibles (54 y 58 %, digestibilidad de la materia seca (60 y 62 %, valor relativo del forraje (110 y 113 y energía neta para lactación (1.4 y 1.34 Mcal/kg; P <0.05. Las variables asociadas de manera positiva con forraje seco fueron altura de planta (r=0.701, días a co secha (r=0.685 y proporción de tallo (r=0.629, y negativamente con proporción de espiga (r=-0.629. En calidad nut ricional Karma tuvo mejor valor forrajero. Saia es una buena alternativa para incrementar el rendimiento de forraje por hectárea.

Influencia de la variedad, portainjerto y época de cosecha en la calidad e índices de madurez en pimiento morrón

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Alejandro Palacio Márquez

2017-01-01

Full Text Available ntroducción: El uso de portainjertos para la producción de hortalizas es una técnica que ha ido en aumento en los últimos años, generando resistencia a patógenos y aumentando la producción en los cultivos. Sin embargo, hoy en día la producción no l o es todo en el rubro comercial; no ba s ta solo con producir en grandes cantidades y en espacios más pequeños; el mercado actual está pidiendo productos de calidad. Por lo que el objetivo del presente trabajo de investigación fue estudiar el efecto de la variedad, el portainjerto y la época de cosecha en la calidad e índices de madurez en pimiento morrón. Método: El presente estudio se llevó a cabo en el ciclo de producción 2012, desarrol lado bajo un sistema de malla sombra, ubicada en Delicias, Chihuahua, México. El diseño experimental usado fue en bloques completos al azar con tres factores estudiados: variedades (Fascinato de frutos rojos y Janette de frutos amarillos, portainjerto (c o n portainjerto Terrano y sin portainjerto y tiempo de cosecha (11 de julio, 8 de agosto, 20 de agosto y 4 de septiembre. Las variables ev a luadas fueron: índices de madurez y parámetros de calidad en pimiento morrón. Resultados: Se encontraron diferencias significativas en los parámetros de calidad e índices de madurez entre las variedades evaluadas, así mismo, el efecto del portainjerto Terrano en la cal i dad del fruto de las variedades Fascinato y Janette incrementó el tamaño de fruto (diámetro, lo n gitud y peso; mientras que, en variables como firmeza, sólidos solubles totales, color (L, C, °h y acidez titulable (% de ácido málico el portainjerto causó un decremento. Por otra parte, la época de cosecha para las variedades estudiadas fue estrechamente re lacionada con el grado de madurez del fruto. Conclusión: El factor variedad influyó en los parámetros: diámetro, longitud, peso del fruto, fi r meza, sólidos solubles totales, color y acidez; mientras que el factor

Environ: E00306 [KEGG MEDICUS

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available E00306 Dioscorea hypoglauca, Dioscorea tokoro rhizome Crude drug Dioscin [CPD:C088...97], Gracillin [CPD:C08901], Tokoronin [CPD:C08916], Yononin, Dioscorea-sapotoxin A, B Dioscorea hypoglauca [TAX:357960], Dioscore...a tokoro [TAX:64475] ... Dioscoreaceae (yam family) Dioscorea hypoglauca, Dioscorea tokoro rhizome ...

Aprovechamiento de la semilla de aguacate variedad Lorena como un colorante natural y del aceite de mesocarpios residuales de la variedad Hass como componentes funcionales en un jabón líquido

OpenAIRE

Hennessey Ramos, Licelander

2017-01-01

Tesis (Maestría en Desarrollo Sostenible y Medio Ambiente). Universidad de Manizales. Facultad de Ciencias Contables, Económicas y Administrativas. CIMAD, 2017 El presente trabajó exploró dos alternativas para el aprovechamiento de residuos generados por semilla de Persea Americana Mill Variedad Lorena, la primera, mediante la obtención de extractos acuosos tipo colorante de Agua, Solución acuosa de NaOH al 0.5% y mezcla de 50% Agua y 50% Alcohol etílico manteniendo constante la relació...

Obtención de plantas sanas de papa, Solanum tuberosum L. Variedad salentuna. A través de las técnicas de termoterapia y cultivo de meristemas in vitro.

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Marulanda Aguirre Adriana

2001-09-01

Full Text Available Se obtuvieron plantas Super Elite de papa (Solanum tuberosum L., de la variedad regional Salentuna, catalogada como papa filia, implementando las técnicas de termoterapia, cultivo in vitro de meristemas y multiplicación acelerada. Se limpió esta variedad del complejo de enfermedades que la afectaban, para entregarle a los productores un material sano que los motive a regresar al campo con una alternativa de producción de mayor calidad y rentabilidad. La falta de semilla sana es una necesidad sentida por los agricultores del departamento de Caldas, pues hace más de treinta años que no se renueva el material vegetal y no existen programas de producción de semilla certificad de esta variedad en el país.

Water dispersal of vegetative bulbils of the invasive exotic Dioscorea oppositifolia L. in southern Illinois

Science.gov (United States)

Thomas, J.R.; Gibson, D.J.; Middleton, B.A.

2005-01-01

Riparian corridors promote dispersal of several species of exotic invasives worldwide. Dispersal plays a role in the colonization of exotic invasive species into new areas and this study was conducted to determine if the invasiveness of Dioscorea oppositifolia L. (Chinese yam) is facilitated by secondary dispersal of vegetative diaspores (bulbils) by water. Since seed production of this plant has not been observed in the United States, bulbils represent the only means of dispersal to new habitats. Dispersal was monitored by placing aquatic traps, tethered bulbils, and painted bulbil caches in a tributary of Drury Creek, Giant City State Park, Illinois. Results indicate that high-energy flow in the creek accelerated secondary dispersal of bulbils downstream and onto the floodplain. The longest recorded dispersal distance was 206.2 m downstream. Dispersal distance of tethered bulbils was not related to rainfall or flow velocity in the creek; however the total number of bulbils trapped was positively related to flow velocity. We conclude that secondary dispersal by water in streams can facilitate dispersal of vegetative bulbils of this exotic species.

Avaliação da divergência nutricional de variedades de cana-de-açúcar (Saccharum spp. Evaluation of the nutritional divergence of the sugarcane (Saccharum spp. varieties

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José Augusto Gomes Azevêdo

2003-12-01

Full Text Available O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a divergência nutricional de variedades de cana-de-açúcar, utilizando a análise de componentes principais, visando identificar três variedades representativas dessa divergência. As variedades de cana-de-açúcar (Saccharum spp. avaliadas neste estudo foram: RB855113, RB765418, RB855536, SP79-2233, RB845257, SP80-180, RB855453, RB855336, SP80-1842, SP81-1763, SP80-4445, SP79-1011, RB739359, RB867515 e SP80-3280, colhidas aos 426, 487 e 549 dias após o plantio. As variáveis discriminatórias utilizadas foram fibra em detergente neutro (FDN, hemicelulose, lignina, fração indegradável da FDN e taxa de degradação da fração potencialmente degradável da FDN. Houve diferenças para todas as variáveis estudadas, exceto para a fração indegradável da FDN. A avaliação da divergência nutricional das variedades de cana-de-açúcar baseou-se nos três primeiros componentes principais, explicando 87,8% da variação total. A FDN e a fração indegradável da FDN foram as variáveis de menor importância para explicar a variabilidade nutricional das variedades. A variedade SP80-1842, colhida aos 426 dias após o plantio, e a variedade SP79-1011, colhida aos 549 dias, foram as que apresentaram maior dispersão dos escores nos três primeiros componentes principais, sendo consideradas as mais dissimilares, enquanto a variedade RB845257, colhida aos 487 dias após o plantio, localizou-se em posição intermediária entre ambas. A análise de componentes principais foi também eficiente em selecionar as variedades com diferentes épocas de colheita.The objective of this work was to evaluate the nutritional divergence of the sugarcane varieties, using the principal components analysis, to select three representative varieties of that divergence. The sugarcane varieties (Saccharum spp. evaluated in this study were: RB855113, RB765418, RB855536, SP79-2233, RB845257, SP80-180, RB855453, RB855336, SP80-1842, SP81

Essential oil composition of fruit colour varieties of Eugenia brasiliensis Lam. Composição dos óleos essenciais de variedades de coloração de frutos de Eugenia brasiliensis Lam.

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Paulo Roberto H. Moreno

2007-08-01

Full Text Available Eugenia brasiliensis Lam. is a variable species concerning fruit colour, with three recognized varieties. However, the definition of varieties is not easy for Myrtaceae species and not widely accepted. Two fruit colour varieties (purple and yellow of E. brasiliensis had their essential oil composition analysed in order to give support to the existence of varieties for this species. Although, the major components in the leaf oil are the same monoterpenes for both varieties, alpha-pinene, beta-pinene and 1,8-cineol, the purple fruit variety accumulates more oxygenated sesquiterpenes (33.9% than the one with yellow fruits (3.8%. The major differences occurred in purple fruits that present as major components caryophyllene oxide (22.2% and alpha-cadinol (10.4%, not found in the leaf oil, and the yellow fruit oil presented a similar composition as observed for the leaves. These fruit colour varieties of E. brasilensis can be considered as two distinct chemotypes, since the sesquiterpene pathway is more operant in the purple variety than in the yellow one, in which monoterpenes are mainly accumulated.A espécie Eugenia brasiliensis Lam. apresenta a coloração dos frutos variável, sendo reconhecidas três variedades. Entretanto, a definição de variedades não é fácil para espécies de Myrtaceae e também não é amplamente aceita. Duas variedades de Eugenia brasiliensis, baseado na cor dos frutos (roxos e amarelos, tiveram a composição de seus óleos essenciais analisadas com a finalidade de obter indícios de variedade botânica para esta espécie. Embora, os componentes principais nos óleos das folhas fossem os mesmos monoterpenos para ambas as variedades, alfa-pineno, beta-pineno e 1,8-cineol, a variedade com frutos roxos acumulou maior quantidade de sesquiterpenos oxigenados (33,9% do que aquela com frutos amarelos (3,8%. As diferenças principais ocorreram nos frutos roxos que apresentaram como componente principal o óxido de cariofileno

Influence of Cultivar on the Postharvest Hardening of Trifoliate Yam (Dioscorea dumetorum Tubers

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Christian Siadjeu

2016-01-01

Full Text Available The influence of cultivar on the postharvest hardening of Dioscorea dumetorum tubers was assessed. 32 cultivars of D. dumetorum tubers were planted in April 2014, harvested at physiological maturity, and stored under prevailing tropical ambient conditions (19–28°C, 60–85% RH for 0, 5, 14, 21, and 28 days. Samples were evaluated for cooked hardness. Results showed that one cultivar, Ibo sweet 3, was not affected by the hardening phenomenon. The remaining 31 were all subject to the hardening phenomenon at different degree. Cooked hardness increased more rapidly in cultivars with many roots on the tuber surface compared to cultivars with few roots on the tuber surface. When both the characteristics flesh colour and number of roots on tuber surface were associated, cooked hardness in cultivars with yellow flesh and many roots increased more rapidly than in cultivars with white flesh and many roots, whereas cooked hardness in cultivars with yellow flesh and few roots increased more slowly than in cultivars with white flesh and few roots. Accessions collected in high altitude increased more rapidly compared to accessions collected in low altitude. The cultivar Ibo sweet 3 identified in this study could provide important information for breeding program of D. dumetorum against postharvest hardening phenomenon.

Growth and Nutrient Use Efficiencies of Yams (Dioscorea spp. Grown in Two Contrasting Soils of West Africa

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Lucien N'Guessan Diby

2011-01-01

Full Text Available Fertilization is an important management strategy of yams (Dioscorea spp. especially when grown in degraded soils. A field study evaluated the leaf numbers, leaf area indices, crop growth, yields, and nitrogen (N and potassium (K use efficiencies of D. alata and D. rotundata in Côte d'Ivoire when grown in two contrasting soils with and without fertilizer. D. alata had a lower number of leaves per vine, although leaf area indices were higher, and the leaves were retained for a longer period than in D. rotundata. In all situations, the yields of D. alata were significantly higher, and fertilizers promoted growth of shoots, roots, tubers, and, thus, final yields especially in the low fertile savanna soil. The beneficial impact of fertilizer on yields was significantly lower in the fertile forest soils. The nutrient use agronomic efficiencies indicated the impact of both N and K in promoting yields especially under nonfertilized conditions.

Synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Dioscorea bulbifera tuber extract and evaluation of its synergistic potential in combination with antimicrobial agents.

Science.gov (United States)

Ghosh, Sougata; Patil, Sumersing; Ahire, Mehul; Kitture, Rohini; Kale, Sangeeta; Pardesi, Karishma; Cameotra, Swaranjit S; Bellare, Jayesh; Dhavale, Dilip D; Jabgunde, Amit; Chopade, Balu A

2012-01-01

Development of an environmentally benign process for the synthesis of silver nanomaterials is an important aspect of current nanotechnology research. Among the 600 species of the genus Dioscorea, Dioscorea bulbifera has profound therapeutic applications due to its unique phytochemistry. In this paper, we report on the rapid synthesis of silver nanoparticles by reduction of aqueous Ag(+) ions using D. bulbifera tuber extract. Phytochemical analysis revealed that D. bulbifera tuber extract is rich in flavonoid, phenolics, reducing sugars, starch, diosgenin, ascorbic acid, and citric acid. The biosynthesis process was quite fast, and silver nanoparticles were formed within 5 hours. Ultraviolet-visible absorption spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, and x-ray diffraction confirmed reduction of the Ag(+) ions. Varied morphology of the bioreduced silver nanoparticles included spheres, triangles, and hexagons. Optimization studies revealed that the maximum rate of synthesis could be achieved with 0.7 mM AgNO(3) solution at 50°C in 5 hours. The resulting silver nanoparticles were found to possess potent antibacterial activity against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. Beta-lactam (piperacillin) and macrolide (eryth-romycin) antibiotics showed a 3.6-fold and 3-fold increase, respectively, in combination with silver nanoparticles selectively against multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii. Notable synergy was seen between silver nanoparticles and chloramphenicol or vancomycin against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and was supported by a 4.9-fold and 4.2-fold increase in zone diameter, respectively. Similarly, we found a maximum 11.8-fold increase in zone diameter of streptomycin when combined with silver nanoparticles against E. coli, providing strong evidence for the synergistic action of a combination of antibiotics and silver nanoparticles. This is the first report on

Optimización de la conservación in vitro de germoplasma de Dioscorea spp por crecimiento mínimo

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Lucía Candelaria Díaz Narváez

2015-01-01

Full Text Available El ñame Criollo (Dioscorea alata y el ñame Espino (Dioscorea rotundata se constituyen como las dos especies mayormente cultivadas en el departamento de Sucre, Colombia. Por esta razón en la Universidad de Sucre se han implementado técnicas para lograr su conservación mediante la propagación in vitro, sin embargo esta metodología conserva las accesiones por un periodo no mayor a los 4 meses, provocando continuos subcultivos, aumento de costos y mano de obra. Por ello la presente investigación tuvo como objetivo establecer medios de cultivo óptimos para la conservación in vitro por crecimiento mínimo de diferentes accesiones (D. alata y D. rotundata pertenecientes al banco de germoplasma de la Universidad de Sucre, durante un periodo de 8 meses. Esto mediante la modificación del medio de cultivo base MS; con los siguientes osmolitos: sacarosa, manitol y sorbitol. Se avaluaron 8 tratamientos (T en los siguientes porcentajes T1 (control(3:0:0, T2 (0:1,5:0, T3 (0:0:2, T4 (0:1,5:2, T5 (0:0:1 y T6 (0:0:3, T7 (0:1,5:1 y T8 (0:1,5:3. Cada 30 días se evaluó: supervivencia (%, hojas expandidas (%, longitud del tallo y raíz, número de nudos y raíces, oxidación (%, senescencia foliar (% y callo (%. Los resultados mostraron que las especies D. alata y D. rotundata, se conservan de forma óptima, en la combinación T4 (0:1,5:2, donde se evidencia un alto porcentaje de supervivencia, un mínimo porcentaje de senescencia foliar y un desarrollo restringido en el resto de variables. Garantizando así la disponibilidad y el desarrollo normal de las accesiones en un periodo superior a 4 meses.

Eficacia de Medios de Cultivo con Infusiones de Variedades de Papa en la Identificación del Trichophyton rubrum

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Flor Urcia A

Full Text Available El objetivo del presente estudio fue demostrar la eficacia de los extractos de diferentes variedades de papa como ingredientes del medio de cultivo para la identificación del Trichophyton rubrum y proponer su empleo en el diagnóstico de dermatomicosis. Se utilizaron las infusiones naturales de las variedades Solanum tuberosum (papa blanca, Solanum chaucha (papa huayro y Solanum goniocalyx (papa amarilla, para preparar los medios de cultivo análogos al estándar de formulación comercial Agar Papa Dextrosa (APDc. Las cepas de T. rubrum fueron inoculadas en los diferentes medios de cultivo, incubados a 2°C durante 10 días. Para la evaluación consideramos características culturales y microscópicas. Los resultados muestran que el medio de cultivo Agar Papa Huayro Dextrosa (APHD fue más eficiente en la producción del pigmento rojo vino, pero se obtuvo mayor esporulación en los medios de cultivo Agar Papa Blanca Dextrosa (APBD y Agar Papa Amarilla Dextrosa (APAD.

Evaluación de la susceptibilidad a Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi Goid en diferentes variedades e híbridos comerciales de sorgo en Sinaloa, México

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Tomás Moreno Gallegos

2017-01-01

Full Text Available El objetivo del presente trabajo fue evaluar la reacción a M. phaseolina de tres variedades experimentales y siete variedades d e polinización libre del INIFAP, así como 14 híbridos comerciales de sorgo, con la finalidad de identificar variedades e híbridos que puedan presentar tolerancia o menor susceptibilidad a esta enfermedad. Los experimentos se establecieron en Culiacán, Sina loa, México, durante los ciclos Primavera - Verano de 2010 y 2011, bajo condiciones de campo en temporal. Se utilizó un diseño de bloques al azar en cada experimento con tres repeticiones y un análisis combinado para los dos ciclos agrícolas. La parcela expe rimental consistió en inocular 10 plantas con mondadientes infectados del hongo. El análisis de varianza detecto diferencias significativas (p<0.05 en longitud de lesión ocasionada por el hongo entre años. En el ciclo 2010, se observó una longitud de lesi ón promedio significativamente mayor (10.10 cm en comparación con el ciclo 2011 (5.79 cm. Los genotipos con menor longitud de lesión en promedio de los dos ambientes fueron: Fortuna y Mazatlán - 16 (3.5 y 4.95 cm, respectivamente . L os genotipos con mayor longitud de lesión fueron Kilate, G - STAR - 7402 y G - STAR - 7205 (13.2, 15.7 y 16.65 cm, respectivamente. No existió correlación entre la longitud de lesión y rendimiento de grano. Las variedades Fortuna y Mazatlán - 16 mostraron menor daño a M. phaseolina , por lo cual se sugieren para siembras de temporal y como progenitores en la formación de híbridos de sorgo tolerantes a esta enfermedad.

Efecto de los niveles de fertilización, la variedad y la época en los contenidos de saponinas esteroidales en morera(Morus alba L.

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D. E. García

2005-01-01

Full Text Available Con el objetivo de determinar el efecto de la fertilización orgánica (0, 100, 300 y 500 kg N/ha/año, la variedad (Cubana, Indonesia, Tigreada y Acorazonada y la época (periodo lluvioso y poco lluvioso en el contenido total de saponinas esteroidales (SE de la fracción comestible de la morera, se llevó a cabo una investigación con un diseño de bloques al azar con arreglo factorial 4 x 4 x 2 (n=5. No se observaron interacciones significativas de ningún orden entre los factores en estudio (P<0,05 y, tanto en las hojas como en los tallos tiernos, los niveles de abonado no afectaron significativamente las concentraciones. La variedad Acorazonada presentó el máximo contenido de SE en las hojas (11,57a mg/gMS, mientras que la Indonesia, Cubana y Tigreada mostraron niveles más bajos (11,00ab; 10,65b y 9,30c mg/gMS, respectivamente. En los tallos tiernos no se observaron diferencias significativas entre las variedades. La mayor concentración de SE (en las hojas se observó en el periodo lluvioso (14,38 mg/gMS, mientras que en los tallos tiernos el nivel más elevado correspondió con el periodo poco lluvioso (2,52 mg/gMS. Los resultados permiten concluir que, entre los factores evaluados en las hojas, la época y la variedad, mostraron la mayor importancia. En los tallos tiernos sólo la época ocasionó variaciones marcadas. En ambas partes de la planta, los niveles de fertilización no produjeron efecto en las concentraciones de las SE.

Respuesta de algunas variedades de clavel estándar a cuatro razas fisiológicas de Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. Dianthi Response of some standard carnation varieties to four physiological

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Arbeláez Germán

1996-12-01

Full Text Available Sesenta y ocho variedades de clavel estándar se evaluaron par su respuesta patológica a las razas fisiológicas 1, 2, 4 Y 8 de Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. dianthi. Solamente las variedades Bogotá, Fabiana y Pesco fueron resistentes a las cuatro razas del patógeno. Las variedades Giallo y Jole fueron susceptibles a todas las razas. La raza fisiológica más patogénica fue la raza 2, la cual es la raza predominante en Colombia, seguida de la raza 8. Las razas 1 y 4 presentaron menor patogenicidad. En esta investigación, se propone un nuevo juego de variedades diferenciales para la identificación de las razas de Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. dianthi.Sixty eight standard carnation varieties were evaluated for their pathological response to the physiological races 1, 2 , 4 and 8 of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. dianthi. Only Bogota, Fabiana and Pesco varieties were resistant to all races. The varieties Giallo and Jole were susceptible to the four races. The race 2, which is the predominant race in Colombia, was the most pathogenic of the four races, followed by race 8. Races 1 and 4 were less pathogenic. In this study, we propose a new set of differential varieties to identify physiological races of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. dianthi in Colombia.

Reação de variedades e clones de laranjas a Xylella fastidiosa Reaction of oranges varieties and clones to Xylella fastidiosa

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Paulo Sergio de Souza

2006-04-01

Full Text Available A clorose variegada dos citros (CVC é uma doença grave, causada por Xylella fastidiosa. As medidas usuais de controle mostram-se pouco eficientes ou práticas e com alto custo. Dessa forma, o uso de variedades resistentes e/ou tolerantes desponta como a alternativa mais eficiente, razão pela qual se julgou oportuna a realização deste trabalho. O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o comportamento de variedades e clones de laranjas introduzidas em relação a X. fastidiosa. Foram estudados 59 variedades e clones de laranjas doces e 2 de laranjas azedas introduzidos da França, Itália e Portugal. O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos casualizados (DBC, com 62 tratamentos e 4 repetições, incluindo a variedade 'Pêra', como padrão. Cada parcela continha duas plantas, sendo uma inoculada e a outra sem inoculação. Para a inoculação do patógeno, foi empregado o método de encostia, utilizando-se de mudas infectadas. Para a avaliação da incidência da doença, utilizou-se de dados qualitativos, positivos ou negativos, enquanto para severidade empregou-se escala de notas, que foi estabelecida baseando-se nos sintomas de CVC, confirmados através dos testes de PCR. As variedades de laranjas azedas Beja e Sr. Pinto e as laranjas doces Navelina ISA 315, Navelina SRA 332 e Newhall Navel SRA 343 não apresentaram sintomas em folhas até 27 meses após a inoculação.Citrus variegated chlorosis (CVC is a serious disease, caused by Xylella fastidiosa, being the most important to the Brazilian citriculture. The usual measures of control show less efficient or practice and they are very expensive. The use of resistant varieties is showed as the most efficient, consisting the aimed of this research. The objective of the present work was study the behavior of varieties and clones introduced in relation to X. fastidiosa. Were studied 59 varieties and clones of sweet oranges and 2 sour oranges introduced from France, Italy and Portugal

RESPUESTA A LA SELECCIÓN PARTICIPATIVA EN VARIEDADES DE CALABAZA DE LA SIERRA NORTE DE PUEBLA, MÉXICO

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Miguel Ángel Sánchez-Hernández

2014-01-01

Full Text Available Se realizó un estudio en la Universidad Autónoma Chapingo, Estado de México, durante 2001, con el objetivo de estimar en calabaza (Cucurbita pepo L. la respuesta a la selección participativa in situ en caracteres de planta, calidad de fruto y rendimiento de semilla. Se evaluaron dos variedades de la Sierra Norte de Puebla seleccionadas in situ: Mazapa (ciclos de selección 1 a 3, La Libertad (ciclos de selección 1 a 3 y un testigo, a una densidad de 27,639 plantas·ha-1, en un diseño de bloques completos al azar con cuatro repeticiones. La mayor respuesta por ciclo de selección, en promedio de localidades, ocurrió en la variedad Mazapa para número de frutos por planta (0.29 frutos; 31.8 %, altura (1.0 cm; 6.1 % y ancho de fruto (0.5 cm; 2.4 %, grosor de pulpa (0.1 cm; 5.8 %, altura (0.034; 1.6 % y ancho de semilla (0.001 cm; 0.11 %. La va- riedad La Libertad destacó en peso de semilla por fruto (12 g·fruto-1; 21 % y en peso de frutos por planta (0.1 kg·fruto-1; 6.6 %. El segundo ciclo de selección de la variedad Mazapa sobresalió en peso de fruto (3.77 kg, peso de semilla por planta (98 g, grosor de pulpa (2.6 cm, alto de fruto (23.6 cm, ancho de fruto (20.3 cm y ancho de semilla (0.934 cm. El tercer ciclo de selección en Mazapa mostró los valores más altos en número de frutos por planta (1.49, peso de fruto por hectárea (123.5 t·ha-1 y rendimiento de semilla por hectárea (3.83 t·ha-1.

Influencia del proceso de maduración del fruto en la calidad sensorial de aceites de oliva virgen de las variedades Picual, Hojiblanca y Picudo

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Jiménez Herrera, B.

2012-10-01

Full Text Available The sensory quality of virgin olive oil is closely correlated with the cultivar and the degree of ripening of the olive fruit. The aim of the present work was to investigate the influence of ripening degree on sensory profile of monovarietal virgin olive oils (VOO in order to establish an optimum harvesting time. Fruit obtained from three different cultivars, Picual, Picudo and Hojiblanca were picked at nine different stages of ripeness. The quality parameters were evaluated and the sensory characteristics were determinate by a sensor panel. The analytical parameters decrease slightly in all cultivars. The evolution of the organoleptic characteristics of the virgin olive oil is reported and typical flavors are described for each cultivar. In all studied cultivar, “fruity” and “bitter” attributes decreased during the ripening and conversely “sweet” attribute increased. The results showed in this work could be considered useful for providing information about the evolution of sensory quality of virgin olive oils during ripening to obtain those based on market preferences.

La calidad sensorial del aceite de oliva virgen (AOV está estrechamente relacionada con la variedad y el grado de maduración de la aceituna. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue investigar la influencia del grado de maduración sobre el perfil sensorial de aceites de oliva virgen monovarietales con el fin de establecer el momento óptimo de recolección. Los frutos de tres variedades diferentes, Picual, Picudo y Hojiblanca fueron recolectados en nueve etapas de maduración diferentes. Los parámetros de calidad fueron evaluados y las características organolépticas se determinaron por un panel de cata. Los resultados muestran que los parámetros analíticos disminuyeron ligeramente en todas las variedades. Para cada variedad se describe la evolución de las características organolépticas de los aceites de oliva virgen así como sus flavores típicos. En

Microwave-assisted extraction and a new determination method for total steroid saponins from Dioscorea zingiberensis C.H. Wright.

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Ren, Yao; Chen, Yu; Hu, Bohan; Wu, Hui; Lai, Furao; Li, Xiaofeng

2015-12-01

An efficient microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) technique was applied to isolate total steroid saponins from Dioscorea zingiberensis C.H. Wright (DZW). The optimal extracting conditions were established as 75% ethanol as solvent, ratio of solid/liquid 1:20 (g/ml), temperature 75 °C, irradiation power 600 W and three extraction cycles of 6 min each. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of DZW processed by four different extractions provided visual evidence of the disruption effect on DZW. Diosgenin was quantified by HPLC and examined further by LC-ESI/MS after acid hydrolysis. Total steroid saponins were calculated using diosgenin from total steroid saponins. The MAE procedure was optimized, validated and compared with other conventional extraction processes. This report provides a convenient technology for the extraction and quantification of total saponins of DZW combining MAE with HPLC and LC-ESI/MS for the first time. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Efecto de la densidad de explantes y el volumen de medio de cultivo sobre la multiplicación in vitro de arándano (Vaccinium corymbosum L. variedades Brigitta y Legacy

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Mario Rodríguez Beraud

2015-01-01

Full Text Available El objetivo fue evaluar la multiplicación in vitro de dos variedades de arándano (Vaccinium corymbosum L., “Brigitta” y “Legacy”, en respuesta a cinco densidades de explantes (5, 10, 15, 20 y 25 y cuatro volúmenes de medio (10, 20, 30 y 40 mL utilizando para ambas variedades el medio WPM (Woody Plant Medium en un diseño completamente al azar con 20 tratamientos y 12 repeticiones por tratamiento. Transcurrido 45 días se evaluó: altura de brote, número de brotes/explante, número de nudos/brote y número de brotes/frasco. Brigitta obtuvo la mayor altura del brote en tratamientos con densidades y volúmenes elevados, mientras que Legacy obtuvo el mayor promedio de altura del brote con densidades intermedias y volúmenes elevados. En cuanto al número de brotes/explante, el volumen de medio no influyó en la variedad Brigitta, en cambio, altas densidades la afectaron significativamente, mientras que en Legacy el máximo número de brotes se alcanzó con densidades bajas y volúmenes intermedios. En relación al número de nudos por explante Brigitta obtuvo los valores más bajos comparados con Legacy, pero en ambas variedades se produjo una disminución del número de nudos con menores volúmenes de medio. Para el número de brotes por frasco Brigitta obtuvo las mayores respuestas con densidades elevadas, superando los 40 brotes por frasco. En cambio, en Legacy el resultado máximo se obtuvo con la densidad 25 explantes en 30 mL de medio. Por lo tanto, se concluye que ambas variedades fueron influenciadas tanto por el volumen del medio como la densidad de explantes.

DESENVOLVIMENTO INICIAL DE DUAS VARIEDADES DE ALFACE EM FUNÇÃO DE DOIS TIPOS DE SUBSTRATOS E COBERTURA DO SOLO / INITIAL DEVELOPMENT OF TWO VARIETY LETTUCE IN FUNCTION OF TWO TYPES OF SUBSTRATES AND GROUND COVER

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A. de A. L. Souza

2016-09-01

Full Text Available Objetivou-se neste trabalho avaliar desenvolvimento inicial de duas variedades de alface ‘Ruby’ e ‘Manteiga’ em função dos tipos de substratos de cultivo e do tipo de cobertura do solo. O trabalho foi desenvolvido em Telado Agrícola e Laboratório de Fitossanidade e Sementes, no Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Ceará, em Sobral. As sementes das duas variedades foram postas para germinar em bandejas de poliestireno expandido (isopor de 128 células; quando estas apresentavam quatro folhas definitivas, cerca de 20 dias após a semeadura, foram transplantadas para o local definitivo, em vasos com capacidade de 8,0 L. O ensaio foi disposto em Delineamento Inteiramente Casualizado (DIC em esquema fatorial 2 x 2 x 3, subdivididas no tempo, sendo duas variedades de alface (‘Ruby’ e ‘Manteiga’, dois tipos de substratos (areia - SMO e esterco - CMO, e três tipos de coberturas do solo (testemunha (sem cobertura, bagana de carnaúba - BC e Mulching - MUL, em quatro épocas de avaliação (10, 20, 30 e 40 DAT. De acordo com os resultados obtidos com o ensaio, constatou-se que o uso dos diferentes substratos utilizados não interferiu na área foliar das variedades de alface avaliadas; A cobertura de solo, tanto o mulching quanto a bagana de carnaúba, mostraram resultados significativos para o desenvolvimento das variedades de alface utilizadas, mostrando-se que além de eficiente em reter água no solo, também auxilia na inibição do surgimento de plantas daninhas, reduzindo assim a competição entre elas e as variedades de alface.

Determinação do poder germinativo de sementes de variedades paulistas de algodoeiro (Gossypium hirsutum L. Studies on germination of cotton seeds

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Eduardo Zink

1969-01-01

Full Text Available São relatados os resultados das determinações do poder germinativo de sementes de sete variedades paulistas de algodoeiro, provenientes de ensaios de competição de variedades instalados nos Estados de São Paulo e Paraná, no ano agrícola de 1966/67. Os testes de germinação foram efetuados simultaneamente no Laboratório de Sementes, do Instituto Agronômico do Estado de São Paulo, e no Laboratório Central, da Divisão de Sementes e Mudas, da Secretaria da Agricultura do Estado de São Paulo. Com referência a plântulas normais e plântulas anormais B (infetadas verificaram-se, conforme o caso, diferenças significativas entre localidades, entre variedades, entre laboratórios e entre substratos, bem como diversas interações envolvendo as variáveis mencionadas.Seeds of seven varieties of cotton produced at different regions of the States of São Paulo and Paraná (Brazil were submitted to germination tests at two laboratories: Instituto Agronômico de Campinas (IAC at 20 - 30°C and Divisão de Sementes e Mudas (DSM at 30°C. The substrata used for the tests were cotton towels desinfected differently at each laboratory. The statistical analysis for numbers of normal and abnormal plants (infected showed significant differences between regions, varieties, laboratories and substrata. Several significant interactions including these variables were also detected.

Avaliação de duas variedades de cana-de-açúcar submetidas a diferentes tempos de armazenamento Evaluation of two varieties of sugar cane submitted to different storage times

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Mauro Dal Secco de Oliveira

1999-08-01

Full Text Available Foram estudadas duas variedades de cana-de-açúcar (CO 413 e RB 72 454, com o objetivo de verificar o efeito do armazenamento pós-corte sobre suas características tecnológicas e bromatológicas. As variedades foram cortadas e armazenadas durante zero, 1,5, 3,0 e 4,5 dias. Utilizou-se o delineamento inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial 2 x 4 . A variedade RB 72 454 apresentou melhor maturação que a variedade CO 413. O armazenamento proporcionou aumento no teor de açúcares redutores (PA study was carried out to investigate the effects of four different storage times on technology and bromatologic characteristics in two sugar cane varieties (CO 413 and RB 72 454. The varieties were cut and stored during zero, 1.5, 3.0 and 4.5 days. It was used a completely randomized design according to a 2 x 4 factorial scheme. The RB 72 454 variety showed better dry matter level than the CO 413 variety. The storage time increased (P<0.01 the reducters sugar levels and decreased (P<0.01 the crude protein levels. When they were stored during 4.5 days, a significative (P<0.01 reduction of 14.66 and 4.04% in the levels of crude protein and gross energy, respectively, was observed.

Respuesta fotosintética de algunas variedades de maíz, frijol y café

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Anundo Polanía

2009-06-01

Full Text Available Con el objeto de caracterizar fotosintéticamente algunas variedades de maíz, frijol y café, se estudió el comportamiento de la rata de fotosíntesis neta, de la transpiración y de los diferentes tipos de resistencia foliar a ia difusión y fijación de CO2 en la hoja, frente a las variables temperatura, intensidad de luz y concentración de CO2 en el aire. La variedad de maíz ICA H 507 presentó un comportamiento típico de plantas C 4 con altas ratas de fotosíntesis neta, insaturación de luz y baja fotorespiración. El fríjol Dlacol Andino presentó bajas ratas de fotosíntesis, alta fotorespiración y saturación de luz a bajas Intensidades, características propias de plantas C3. Las dos varíedades de café, Típica y Caturra, presentaron bajas ratas de fotosíntesis, valores de fotorespiración cercanos a los del fríjol, comportamiento típico de plantas C3; no lo es su respuesta a la intensidad de luz, ya que se saturaron a intensidades más altas que las presentadas por plantas C3 reconocidas. Estas varíedades presentaron ratas de fotosíntesis mayores que las observadas por otros autores en plantas de café de más edad. Los resultados obtenidos brindan información útil acerca del comportamiento ecoflslológico de

Antiosteoporotic Activity of Dioscorea alata L. cv. Phyto through Driving Mesenchymal Stem Cells Differentiation for Bone Formation

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Kang-Yung Peng

2011-01-01

Full Text Available The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of an ethanol extract of the rhizomes of Dioscorea alata L. cv. Phyto, Dispo85E, on bone formation and to investigate the mechanisms involved. Our results showed that Dispo85E increased the activity of alkaline phosphatase (ALP and bone nodule formation in primary bone marrow cultures. In addition, Dispo85E stimulated pluripotent C3H10T1/2 stem cells to differentiate into osteoblasts rather than adipocytes. Our in vivo data indicated that Dispo85E promotes osteoblastogenesis by increasing ALP activity and bone nodule formation in both intact and ovariectomized (OVX mice. Microcomputed tomography (μCT analysis also showed that Dispo85E ameliorates the deterioration of trabecular bone mineral density (tBMD, trabecular bone volume/total volume (BV/TV, and trabecular bone number (Tb.N in OVX mice. Our results suggested that Dispo85E is a botanical drug with a novel mechanism that drives the lineage-specific differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells and is a candidate drug for osteoporosis therapy.

Traditional Chinese medicine herbal extracts of Cibotium barometz, Gentiana scabra, Dioscorea batatas, Cassia tora, and Taxillus chinensis inhibit SARS-CoV replication

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Chih-Chun Wen

2011-10-01

Full Text Available Development of anti-severe acute respiratory syndrome associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV agents is pivotal to prevent the reemergence of the life-threatening disease, SARS. In this study, more than 200 extracts from Chinese medicinal herbs were evaluated for anti-SARS-CoV activities using a cell-based assay that measured SARS-CoV-induced cytopathogenic effect (CPE in vitro on Vero E6 cells. Six herbal extracts, one each from Gentianae Radix (龍膽 lóng dǎn; the dried rhizome of Gentiana scabra, Dioscoreae Rhizoma (山藥 shān yào; the tuber of Dioscorea batatas, Cassiae Semen (決明子 jué míng zǐ; the dried seed of Cassia tora and Loranthi Ramus (桑寄生 sāng jì shēng; the dried stem, with leaf of Taxillus chinensis (designated as GSH, DBM, CTH and TCH, respectively, and two from Rhizoma Cibotii (狗脊 gǒu jǐ; the dried rhizome of Cibotium barometz (designated as CBE and CBM, were found to be potent inhibitors of SARS-CoV at concentrations between 25 and 200 μg/ml. The concentrations of the six extracts needed to inhibit 50% of Vero E6 cell proliferation (CC50 and 50% of viral replication (EC50 were determined. The resulting selective index values (SI=CC50/EC50 of the most effective extracts CBE, GSH, DBM, CTH and TCH were>59.4,> 57.5,> 62.1,> 59.4, and>92.9, respectively. Among these extracts, CBM and DBM also showed significant inhibition of SARS-CoV 3CL protease activity with IC50 values of 39 μg/ml and 44 μg/ml, respectively. Our findings suggest that these six herbal extracts may have potential as candidates for future development of anti-SARS therapeutics.

RESPUESTA DE 12 VARIEDADES DE TRIGO A LA SALINIDAD EN LAS ETAPAS INICIALES DEL CRECIMIENTO

OpenAIRE

L. Argentel; L. M. González; R. Plana

2006-01-01

Con el objetivo de analizar la respuesta varietal del cultivo de trigo a la salinidad en las etapas iniciales del crecimiento de las plántulas, se montó un experimento con 12 variedades, aplicando dos niveles de NaCl en la solución. Las variables evaluadas fueron la absorción de agua por las semillas, altura de las plantas y longitud de la raíz, y la acumulación de biomasas fresca y seca. Mediante un análisis de componentes principales, se establecieron los indicadores de mayor contribución a...

Composición mineral y comparación de raíces reservantes de variedades de batatas (Ipomoea batatas (L. Lam. cultivadas en la isla de La Palma, España

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Adriana Isabel Montes Hernández

2010-07-01

Full Text Available Los minerales Na, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Cu, Zn y Mn fueron determinados, mediante espectrofotometría de absorción atómica, en raíces de 15 variedades de batatas cultivadas en La Palma (De papa o maní, Parado, Cubana, Cubana de baselo gordo, Cubana de hoja redonda, Blanquita, Saucero o Lanzarotero, Pata de Gallo, Padrón de Seda, Alicantina, Amarillo de Año, De Lanzarote, Matojo, Matojo Fino y Rajada; las 5 primeras de cultivo corto y las 10 restantes de cultivo largo. Se realizó análisis de varianza y prueba de rango múltiple de Duncan a los datos de las variables estudiadas. Se calcularon los coeficientes de correlación de Pearson (r para establecer grados de relación de los minerales entre las variedades; prueba de t de Student para comparar clasificando a las muestras según ciclo de recolección (Temprana y Tardía; análisis factorial para interpretar las relaciones existentes a través factores y análisis discriminantes (de paso a paso con criterio de selección la lambda de Wilks (λ e introduciendo todas las variables validados a través de análisis de validación cruzada. El elemento mineral (en mg/kg presente en mayor concentración en la totalidad de las muestras fue K (2086 ± 418, seguido de Ca (974 ± 486 y Mg (244 ± 70, siendo el Zn el menos presente (1,12 ± 0,61. Las variedades con mayor contenido mineral fueron Alicantina (Ca: 1809 ± 327 y Cu: 2,97 ± 0,23 y Padrón de Seda (Mg: 435 ± 46 y Mn: 3,08 ± 0,49 y la de menor aporte fue Parado (Cu, Mn, Ca, K y Mg. Las variedades Tardías presentaron mayores concentraciones de Cu, Fe, Mn, Ca, K, Mg y menores de Zn y Na en relación a las variedades Tempranas (p < 0,05. Se evidenció que las concentraciones de Cu, Zn y Na presentaron alto número de correlaciones significativas. El análisis factorial permitió deducir que Mg, K y Fe son las variables que permiten caracterizar el sistema perdiendo un mínimo de información total. El porcentaje de casos originales

Composición mineral y comparación de raíces reservantes de variedades de batatas (Ipomoea batatas (L. Lam. cultivadas en la isla de La Palma, España

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Adriana Isabel Montes Hernández

2010-06-01

Full Text Available Los minerales Na, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Cu, Zn y Mn fueron determinados, mediante espectrofotometría de absorción atómica, en raíces de 15 variedades de batatas cultivadas en La Palma (De papa o maní, Parado, Cubana, Cubana de baselo gordo, Cubana de hoja redonda, Blanquita, Saucero o Lanzarotero, Pata de Gallo, Padrón de Seda, Alicantina, Amarillo de Año, De Lanzarote, Matojo, Matojo Fino y Rajada; las 5 primeras de cultivo corto y las 10 restantes de cultivo largo. Se realizó análisis de varianza y prueba de rango múltiple de Duncan a los datos de las variables estudiadas. Se calcularon los coeficientes de correlación de Pearson (r para establecer grados de relación de los minerales entre las variedades; prueba de t de Student para comparar clasificando a las muestras según ciclo de recolección (Temprana y Tardía; análisis factorial para interpretar las relaciones existentes a través factores y análisis discriminantes (de paso a paso con criterio de selección la lambda de Wilks (λ e introduciendo todas las variables validados a través de análisis de validación cruzada. El elemento mineral (en mg/kg presente en mayor concentración en la totalidad de las muestras fue K (2086 ± 418, seguido de Ca (974 ± 486 y Mg (244 ± 70, siendo el Zn el menos presente (1,12 ± 0,61. Las variedades con mayor contenido mineral fueron Alicantina (Ca: 1809 ± 327 y Cu: 2,97 ± 0,23 y Padrón de Seda (Mg: 435 ± 46 y Mn: 3,08 ± 0,49 y la de menor aporte fue Parado (Cu, Mn, Ca, K y Mg. Las variedades Tardías presentaron mayores concentraciones de Cu, Fe, Mn, Ca, K, Mg y menores de Zn y Na en relación a las variedades Tempranas (p < 0,05. Se evidenció que las concentraciones de Cu, Zn y Na presentaron alto número de correlaciones significativas. El análisis factorial permitió deducir que Mg, K y Fe son las variables que permiten caracterizar el sistema perdiendo un mínimo de información total. El porcentaje de casos originales

MULTIPLICACIÓN Y TUBERIZACIÓN in vitro DE ÑAME (Dioscorea alata L. EN SISTEMA DE INMERSIÓN TEMPORAL MULTIPLICATION AND in vitro TUBERIZATION OF YAM (Dioscorea alata L. IN TEMPORARY IMMERSION SYSTEM

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Robinson Salazar Díaz

2007-12-01

Full Text Available Se realizó la estandarización de la multiplicación y tuberización in vitro de ñame (Dioscorea alata L. utilizando el sistema de inmersión temporal conocido como RITA®. Se evaluó inicialmente el porcentaje de brotación de segmentos nodales en medio de cultivo semisólido utilizando dos tipos de citoquininas (BAP y Kinetina. Las plantas obtenidas fueron subcultivadas cada cuatro semanas y luego utilizadas para la obtención de meristemos y plántulas para llevar a cabo los diferentes experimentos en sistema de inmersión temporal. Se obtuvo un mayor porcentaje de explantes brotados al utilizar Kinetina. Con el sistema RITA® se evaluó el efecto de la densidad de explantes sobre la tasa de multiplicación y sobre la inducción, formación y desarrollo de microtubérculos, no encontrándose diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre las densidades evaluadas. De igual manera, se evaluó el efecto de diferentes frecuencias y tiempos de inmersión sobre la tasa de multiplicación, encontrándose que a una frecuencia de inmersión cada 12 horas y durante 10 minutos se obtenía la formación de mayor número de nudos y mayor tamaño de las plantas a las cuatro semanas de cultivo. Al utilizar el sistema de inmersión temporal se alcanzaron mayores tasas de multiplicación y tuberización in vitro comparadas con el sistema de cultivo convencional. Demostrándose así, el potencial de estos sistemas para implementar un programa de producción de semillas de ñame.Multiplication rate and in vitro tuberización of yam (Dioscorea alata L. was made using the temporary immersion system RITA®. Shoot percentage of nodal segments was initially evaluated in semisolid medium using two cytokinin types ((BAP and Kinetin. The obtained plants were subcultured every four weeks and then used to obtain meristems and plantlets to carry out different experiments in temporary immersion system. A higher sprouted explants percentage was obtained when using

[Regionalization study of Dioscorea nipponica in Jilin province based on MaxEnt and ArcGIS].

Science.gov (United States)

Wang, Zhe; Li, Bo; Xiao, Jing-Lei; Jiang, Da-Cheng

2017-11-01

At the urgent practical issue of resource protection and artificial cultivation area selection of Dioscorea nipponica, the dominant environmental factors affecting the distribution of D. nipponicain Jilin province were selected by field investigation and using the maximum information entropy model and geographic information technology. MaxEnt model study found that the standard deviation of seasonal variation of temperature, precipitation in October and other six environmental factors on the growth of D. nipponica are the greatest impacting factors. The range of suitability for the growth of D. nipponica was 4.612 08×10-6-0.544 31, and the regionalization study was divided into four parts: high fitness area, middle fitness area, low fitness area and unfavorable area. The high fitness area is concentrated in the central and southern areas of Jilin Province, using ArcGIS statistical environment factors in the appropriate area of the numerical situation. The results showed that the regionalization study of D. nipponica was basically the same as the actual situation. It is clear that the natural environment suitable for the growth of D. nipponica is also the basis for the protection of the resources and the selection of cultivated area. Copyright© by the Chinese Pharmaceutical Association.

DNA fingerprinting of water yam (Dioscorea alata cultivars in Brazil based on microsatellite markers Diversidade genética de cultivares de inhame (Dioscorea alata no Brasil utilizando microssatélites

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Marcos VBM Siqueira

2012-12-01

Full Text Available This study aimed to fingerprint 36 water yam (Dioscorea alata accessions using microsatellite markers. Ten accessions were collected in local markets from several municipalities in Brazil, eight were obtained from the 'Instituto Agronômico de Campinas' (IAC germplasm collection and eighteen were collected directly from growers from São Paulo state. A total of nine microsatellite loci were used in the analysis. Loci revealed high polymorphism verified by elevated PIC values (0.57-0.77, and by high gene diversity and Shannon-Wiener indices (0.69 and 1.29 on average, respectively. The accessions were classified into two groups based on clustering analysis. One group contained mostly accessions from the IAC collection, including a commercial cultivar acquired in a market in the city of Cuiabá, Mato Grosso state. The second group was composed of most accessions, including those collected directly from growers and markets in São Paulo, a few accessions from the IAC collection, and an accession from Puerto Rico, named 'Florida', which is the most cultivated in Brazil. Several duplicates were identified in this study, including accessions obtained from two farmers in Mogi Guaçu and Mogi Mirim, São Paulo state. However, some of these accessions were allocated in different sub-groups, within this second group. Results suggested the hypothesis of different origins for accessions currently cultivated in Brazil. Similar accessions obtained from different municipalities revealed the commercialization of the same accessions at different locations.Este estudo teve como objetivo a análise genética de 36 acessos de inhame (Dioscorea alata utilizando marcadores microssatélites. Dez acessos foram coletados em mercados locais de vários municípios no Brasil, oito foram obtidos no banco de germoplasma do Instituto Agronômico de Campinas (IAC, e dezoito foram coletados diretamente com os agricultores no estado de São Paulo. Um total de nove locos de

Ligand fishing from Dioscorea nipponica extract using human serum albumin functionalized magnetic nanoparticles.

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Qinga, Lin-Sen; Xue, Ying; Zheng, Yi; Xiong, Jing; Liao, Xun; Ding, Li-Sheng; Li, Bo-Gang; Liu, Yi-Ming

2010-07-09

Dioscorea nipponica and the preparations made from it have been used for long to prevent and treat coronary heart disease in traditional Chinese medicine. A group of steroidal saponins present in the plant are believed to be the active ingredients. It has been a challenge to study the individual saponins separately due to the similarities in their chemical and physical properties. In this work, human serum albumin (HSA) functionalized magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) were used to isolate and identify saponin ligands that bind to HSA from D. nipponica extract. Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) was used for compound identification and semi-quantification. Three saponins, i.e. dioscin, gracillin, and pseudo-protodioscin showed affinity to HSA-MNPs and thus isolated effectively from the extract. The other two saponins detected in the extract (i.e. protodioscin and 26-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-3β,20α,26-triol-25(R)-Δ(5,22)-dienofurostan-3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1→2)-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1→4)]-β-D-glucopyranoside) exhibited no affinity at all. Among the three saponins fished out, dioscin bound to HSA much stronger than gracillin and pseudo-protodioscin did. The results indicated that affinity interaction between HSA immobilized on MNPs and small molecule compounds were highly dependent on chemical structures and, potentially, medicinal usefulness. The present work demonstrates a facile and effective way to isolate and identify ligands of receptors from medicinal plants.

Growth characteristics of Dayak Borneo yam (Dioscorea hispida and detoxification techniques as alternative food

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RUDITO

2017-03-01

Full Text Available Abstract. Rudito, Suwarto, Azkiyah L, Witono Y, Saragih B, Arung ET. 2017. Growth characteristics of Dayak Borneo yam (Dioscorea hispida and detoxification techniques as alternative food. Pros Sem Nas Masy Biodiv Indon 3: 99-103. Finding of local food sources to enhance food security areas. This study focuses on the characteristics of growth Dayak Borneo yam observation, toxic substances and detoxification techniques development of non nutritional. The objective of the research was to find out a more concrete picture, as well as comparing it with Java yam non nutritional components as a basis for further exploration of alternative food. Observations indicate that the plant growth of Dayak Borneo yam had specific characteristics, and can be grown in intercropping with other crops. Yam tubers have negative image due to the toxins contained by this commodity, as well as technology management (detoxification and processing of yam products that have not been controlled by the community. But based on the results of physical and chemical detoxification, indicates that the Dayak Borneo yam can be exploited further as food. Dayak Borneo yam need to be developed modification process in raw materials of Dayak Borneo yam as modified starch through fermentation techniques which also intended to obtain intermediate product from which Dayak Borneo yam has a larger functionality as a food ingredient.

Textural and sensory properties of trifoliate yam (Dioscorea dumetorum) flour and stiff dough 'amala'.

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Abiodun, O A; Akinoso, R

2015-05-01

The use of trifoliate yam (Dioscorea dumetorum) flour for stiff dough 'amala' production is one of the ways to curb under-utilization of the tuber. The study evaluates the textural and sensory properties of trifoliate yam flour and stiff dough. Freshly harvested trifoliate yam tubers were peeled, washed, sliced and blanched (60 (°)C for 10 min). The sliced yam were soaked in water for 12 h, dried and milled into flour. Pasting viscosities, functional properties, brown index and sensory attributes of the flour and stiff dough were analyzed. Peak, holding strength and final viscosities ranged from 84.09 to 213.33 RVU, 81.25 to 157.00 RVU and 127.58 to 236.17 RVU respectively. White raw flour had higher viscosity than the yellow flours. The swelling index, water absorption capacity and bulk density ranged from 1.46 to 2.28, 2.11 to 2.92 ml H2O/g and 0.71 to 0.88 g/cm(3) respectively. Blanching method employed improved the swelling index and water absorption capacity of flour. The brown index values of flour and stiff dough ranged from 6.73 to 18.36 and 14.63-46.72 respectively. Sensory evaluation revealed significant differences in the colour, odour and general acceptability of the product when compared with the stiff dough from white yam.

RESISTENCIA A SEQUÍA DE LINEAS Y VARIEDADES DE FRIJOL NEGRO TROPICAL

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Ernesto Lopez Salinas

2011-06-01

Full Text Available Los objetivos de esta investigación fueron: clasificar genotipos de frijol negro por su tolerancia a sequía e identificar los de mayor eficiencia en el rendimiento en condiciones de riego y sequía. Para ello, en invierno-primavera 2008 se condujeron dos experimentos en Medellín de Bravo, Veracruz; uno con riego todo el ciclo y el otro sin riego, a partir del inicio de floración. Se evaluaron nueve líneas, seis variedades y Criollo Arbolito (testigo local en diseño bloques completos al azar con tres repeticiones. Se cuantificó días a madurez fisiológica, producción de materia seca sin grano, vainas por planta, peso de 100 semillas y rendimiento de grano. Se hicieron análisis de varianza por condición de humedad y uno combinado. Como estimadores de eficiencia se utilizaron el índice de susceptibilidad a sequía (ISS y el índice de eficiencia relativa del rendimiento (IER. Con riego, Negro INIFAP, 82L-17-80, Negro Tacaná y Negro Veracruz, fueron los genotipos más productivos con más de 1,0 t ha-1. Con sequía sobresalieron los dos últimos genotipos, más la línea DOR 448, con rendimientos superiores a 400 kg ha-1. El rendimiento bajo sequía en promedio representó el 37,7% con respecto al de riego. Con ISS de 0,71, 0,85 y 0,87, las líneas DOR-448, NGO 17-99 e Icta Ju-97-1, respectivamente, fueron clasificadas como resistentes a sequía. Las variedades Negro Tacaná y Negro Veracruz con valores de IER de 1,67 y 1,47, mostraron la mayor eficiencia en el rendimiento en ambas condiciones de humedad.

Optimización de un medio de cultivo para plantas micropropagadas de Dioscorea alata L.

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Misterbino Borges García

2011-07-01

Full Text Available Título en ingles: Optimization of a culture medium for micropropagated plants of  Dioscorea alata L. Resumen La propagación de material de ñame de buena calidad es esencial para incrementar la producción sostenible de este cultivo. El presente trabajo tuvo como propósito optimizar el medio de cultivo de micropropagación de Dioscorea  alata L. clon Caraqueño a través de los siguientes objetivos: determinar el efecto de diferentes antioxidantes (carbón activado 0,5 g/L-1 ; carbón activado 1,0 g/L-1; cisteína 10 mg/L-1, 20 mg/L-1 y 30 mg/L-1 y concentraciones de sales de Murashige y Skoog (MS (25, 50, 75 y 100 % en el medio de cultivo durante el establecimiento y la multiplicación de las plantas in vitro, y evaluar la utilización de distintas combinaciones de ácido naftalenacético (0,01; 0,1 mg/L-1 y bencilaminopurina (0,01; 0,1 mg/L-1 en el mejor medio de cultivo de multiplicación obtenido en el experimento anterior. A los 35 días se seleccionaron 40 plantas in vitro, a las cuales se les determinaron las siguientes variables: longitud en cm del vástago; número de nudos de novo por explantes; número de hojas por explante y porcentaje de fenolización. Se evaluó además, en el experimento con los reguladores de crecimiento, el número   de raíces y longitud de la raíz de mayor tamaño. Se aplicó un diseño experimental completamente aleatorio con análisis de varianza bifactorial y clasificación simple. Se realizó la prueba de comparación de medias de Tukey para un nivel de significación del 5%. Los resultados  obtenidos mostraron que las sales MS al 75%  de su concentración, el carbón activado (0,5 g/L-1 o la cisteína (10 mg/L-1, en combinación con los reguladores de crecimiento ANA/BAP (0,01/0,01 mg/L-1 en el medio de cultivo MS, incrementaron los indicadores de desarrollo de las plantas in vitro tales como número de nudos de novo (3,5, longitud del vástago (4,1 cm, número de hojas (3,8, número de ra

Effects of selected process parameters in extrusion of yam flour (Dioscorea rotundata) on physicochemical properties of the extrudates.

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Sebio, L; Chang, Y K

2000-04-01

Raw yam (Dioscorea rotundata) flour was cooked and extruded in a Brabender single-screw laboratory scale extruder. Response surface methodology using an incomplete factorial design was applied with various combinations of barrel temperature [100, 125, 150 degrees C], feed moisture content [18, 22, 26%] and screw speed [100, 150, 200 rpm]. Initial viscosity at 30 degrees C, water solubility index, expansion and hardness were determined. The highest values of initial viscosity were at the highest barrel temperatures and the highest moisture contents. At high feed moisture content and high barrel temperatures the yam extrudate flour showed the greatest values of water solubility index. The physical properties of the extruded product showed that at high temperature the lower the moisture content the greater the expansion index. Hardness was influenced directly by moisture content and inversely by extrusion temperature. The extrusion of yam flour led to the production of snacks and pre-gelatinized flours of diverse properties. Also extruded yam flour can be successfully used in the preparation of 'futu' (pre-cooked compact dough), a yam-based food, popular in Western Africa.

Evaluación de preservantes florales en la poscosecha de tres variedades de clavel estándar

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López Paola

2008-04-01

Full Text Available

En clavel es imprescindible el tratamiento poscosecha a base de tiosulfato de plata (STS, para garantizar una mayor longevidad floral; sin embargo, los tratamientos antietilénicos a base del ión plata implican contaminación ambiental. El objetivo de este estudio fue realizar la evaluación de diferentes compuestos en la poscosecha de clavel estándar variedades Nelson, Dream y Delphi, como posibles sustitutos del STS. Para este fin, se utilizaron tratamientos a base de STS, SR-AOA (ácido aminooxacético de liberación lenta y quitosan. En seguida a la cosecha de los tallos florales se realizó una simulación de viaje con una duración aproximada de 21 días; posteriormente, las flores fueron sometidas a evaluaciones de longevidad, velocidad de apertura, color y consumo de agua. En la evolución de la vida en florero, se observó la misma tendencia para las tres variedades: un primer grupo de mayor longevidad floral, conformado por los tratamientos a base de SR-AOA y STS, con un promedio de durabilidad de 14 a 20 días; y el segundo grupo, de menor longevidad floral, conformado por los tratamientos a base de quitosan, quitosan más ácido cítrico, quitosan más AOA y testigo absoluto, con una duración promedio de 6 a 8 días.

DRYING KINETICS OF TWO YAM (Dioscorea alata VARIETIES

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RAMIRO TORRES

2012-01-01

Full Text Available El objetivo de esta investigación fue la evaluación de la cinética y condiciones de secado, a escala de laboratorio, de dos variedades del ñame (D. alata 9506-021 y 9506-027 del banco de germoplasma de la Universidad de Córdoba (Colombia. Dos geometrías (circular y cuadrada fueron utilizadas para el estudio; la temperatura del aire fue variada en un rango entre 40 a 70 °C y la velocidad de aire fue de 0.7 m.s-1. Los datos experimentales se ajustaron apropiadamente a los modelos de Fick, Page y Logarítmico. La transferencia de masa del ñame fue descrita usando el modelo de difusión de Fick's, que fue el modelo que mejor se ajustó. El secado ocurrido principalmente en la fase de decreciente. La relación de Arrhenius describió satisfactoriamente la dependencia de la difusividad de la humedad con la temperatura. Entre el rango de temperatura evaluado, las difusividades de la humedad variaron de 1.70 x 10-9 a 6.84 x 10-10 m2/s, y 1.33 x 10-9 a 6.30 x 10-10 m2/s para D. alata 9506-21 y 9506-27, respectivamente. La energía de activación para el secado de D. alata 9506-21 y 9506-27 varió de 23.19 a 25.72 y 16.03 a 17.82 kJ/mol, respectivamente.

PRODUCCIÓN DE JARABES DE FRUCTOSA POR MEDIO DE LA HIDRÓLISIS ENZIMÁTICA DEL ALMIDÓN DE YUCA DE LAS VARIEDADES CORPOICA M TAI-8 Y CORPOICA ORENSE

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JAIRO G. SALCEDO M.

2009-01-01

Full Text Available El presente trabajo tuvo como objetivo la producción y evaluación del rendimiento de jarabes de fructosa a nivel de laboratorio, a partir de jarabes de glucosa obtenidos por medio de hidrólisis enzimática de almidones extraídos de dos variedades de yuca, C. Orense y C. M Tai-8. Para el desarrollo del trabajo, se implementó un diseño experimental de múltiple factor categórico completamente al azar con dos factores, el factor concentración de sustrato en cinco niveles (10, 20, 30, 40 y 50 % p/v de concentración de almidón y el factor variedad de yuca en dos niveles (C. Orense y C. M Tai-8, con tres repeticiones, en un total de 30 unidades experimentales. Inicialmente, en la etapa de licuefacción el jarabe de glucosa fue obtenido por medio de la hidrólisis enzimática del almidón utilizando la enzima Termamyl 120 L, Posteriormente en la etapa de sacarificación se utilizo la enzima AMG 300L, las cuales fueron suministradas por Coldanzimas distribuidor de Novo Nordisk para Colombia. En el desarrollo de estas dos etapas, para una concentración de 30 % p/v, se alcanzaron 95.32 y 94.12 unidades de equivalentes de dextrosa (E.D para C. Orense y C. M Tai-8 respectivamente. Los jarabes de glucosa obtenidos fueron sometidos a un proceso de isomerización por 15 horas en un reactor de lecho fijo, que contenía 10 gr de la enzima glucosa isomeraza inmovilizada Sweetzyme IT de Novozymes, utilizada para convertir la glucosa en fructsa. Durante el desarrollo de todo el proceso, para una concentración de almidón del 30% p/v, se alcanzaron porcentajes de conversión de 71.40% para C. Orense y de 74.93% para C. M Tai-8. Los jarabes obtenidos presentaron concentraciones de fructosa de 21.20 % p/p para la variedad C. Orense y 22.10% p/p para variedad M Tai-8, concentraciones que las ubican dentro de los jarabes de segunda generación. De acuerdo al análisis estadístico realizado a los datos experimentales, se presentan diferencias estadísticas a

Manejo alternativo de sigatoka negra, utilizando biofertilizantes, en plantaciones comerciales de banano cavendish, variedad williams, canton taura

OpenAIRE

Maura, Luis; Maria Isabel, Jimenez

2009-01-01

El proyecto se oriento al estudio del efecto de los biofertilizantes líquidos en un predio bananero comercial con un sistema de producción orgánico, situado en la provincia de El Guayas. El material vegetal fue banano, Grupo Cavendish, variedad Williams (AAA). Los biofertilizantes en estudio fueron productos orgánicos del tipo foliar y radicular en comparación con sus mezclas y un control absoluto (no aplicación). La hacienda elabora sus productos a base de estiércol fresco de ganado vacuno,...

Estresse salino em duas variedades de cana-de-açúcar: enzimas do sistema antioxidativo e fluorescência da clorofila Salinity stress in two varieties of sugar cane: enzymes of the antioxidant system and chlorophyll fluorescence

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Lilia Willadino

2011-06-01

Full Text Available O Brasil destaca-se por ser o maior produtor de cana-de-açúcar (Saccharum officinarum L. e por dominar todos os estágios da tecnologia de produção de açúcar e etanol. Atualmente se observa a expansão dessa cultura para a região semiárida brasileira, a qual apresenta solos propensos à salinização. O presente trabalho objetivou avaliar a resposta à salinidade de duas variedades de cana-de-açúcar. O ensaio foi implantado em casa de vegetação, em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 2 x 8 com cinco repetições, correspondendo a duas variedades de cana-de-açúcar (RB867515 e RB863129 e oito níveis de NaCl (0; 25; 50; 75; 100; 125; 150; 200 mM de NaCl. A salinidade induziu aumento na fluorescência e diminuição na concentração de clorofila em ambas as variedades. A redução da clorofila, entretanto, foi maior na variedade RB867515. Observou-se, nesta mesma variedade, aumento da atividade da peroxidase do ascorbato (APX e da catalase (CAT, enquanto na variedade RB863129 ocorreu redução na atividade dessas enzimas. Esses resultados indicam que a variedade RB867515 apresenta um mecanismo mais eficiente na proteção da planta contra danos no aparato fotoquímico e contra a ação de espécies reativas de oxigênio, em particular o H2O2.Brazil is seen as being the largest producer of sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L. and of mastering all stages in the production of sugar and ethanol. Currently this production is being expanded into the semi-arid regions of Brazil, where there are soil-types prone to salinity. This study aimed to evaluate the response to salinity in two sugarcane genotypes, RB867515 and RB863129. Salinity caused an increase in chlorophyll fluorescence and a reduction of chlorophyll concentration in both varieties. The reduction of chlorophyll however was higher in RB867515. In this same type, an increase in the activity of ascorbate peroxidase (APX and catalase (CAT was observed, while in

Aplicación de las técnicas de cultivo in vitro en el saneamiento de variedades de higuera

OpenAIRE

López-Corrales, M.; Gella, Rafael; Marín Velázquez, Juan Antonio

1996-01-01

En este trabajo, se ha estudiado la aplicación de las técnicas de cultivo in vitro en el saneamiento de variedades de higuera para aumentar la eficiencia en el proceso de regeneración de plantas tratadas por termoterapia convencional. Al mismo tiempo, se estudió la termoterapia iii vitro basada en la aplicación del tratamiento térmico a los cultivos establecidos y en fase de multiplicación iii vitro.

As interrogativas de conteúdo nas variedades do português falado

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Erotilde Goreti PEZATTI

2013-10-01

Full Text Available Este estudo trata dos Atos Interrogativos de conteúdo, comumente denominados interrogativas-Q. Adotando a perspectiva funcional da linguagem e os pressupostos teórico-metodológicos da Gramática Discursivo-Funcional, procura-se explicar as diferentes formas assumidas pelas interrogativas-Q com base no alinhamento entre a codificação dessa estrutura nos níveis Morfossintático e Fonológico e as formulações ocorridas nos níveis Interpessoal e Representacional, centrando-se na questão da ordenação de elementos-Q. Como universo de pesquisa, tomam-se ocorrências reais de uso extraídas do corpus oral organizado pelo Centro de Linguística da Universidade de Lisboa, em parceria com a Universidade de Toulouse-le-Mirail e a Universidade de Provença-Aix-Marselha, que dispõe de amostragens das variedades do português falado em Portugal, no Brasil, nos países africanos de língua oficial portuguesa, no Timor Leste e em Macau.

Growth dynamics of two bean varieties (Phaseolus vulgaris L.. l. Growth analysis by fixed periods Dinámica de crecimiento de dos variedades de frijol (phaseolus vulgaris L. l. análisis de crecimiento por periodos fijos

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Maldonado Gustavo

1993-12-01

frijol
(P. vulgarís, L. comprende una serie de etapas sin las cuales no ocurrirla la formacion de frutos y en la cual el aumento de materia seca depende del comportamiento fisiológico y del hábito de crecimiento. El presente estudio evaluó el proceso de crecimiento conjuntamente con estos factores, con el propósito de establecer la diferencia en comportamiento y la
relación entre el hábito y los índices de crecimiento en las variedades de frijol "ICA-Cerinza" de habito de crecimiento determinado e "ICA-Tundama" de habito de crecimiento indeterminado. Las variedades fueron sembradas en parcelas de 40,5 m2 y en hileras a 0,50 x 0,12 m. en un diseño de bloques completos al azar con cuatro repeticiones, en las
cuales se tomaron muestras de tres plantas cada siete dias, a partir de los 15 y hasta los 78 dias después de emergencia. Se evaluó el peso total, el peso seco de los tallos, el peso seco de las hojas y el área foliar. A partir de éstos, se calcularon la tasa relativa de crecimiento (TRC, la tasa de asimilación neta (TAN, la relación de área foliar (RAF, la
relación de peso foliar (RPF y el área foliar especifica
(AFE. En las evaluaciones realizadas a los 15, 71 y 78 dias, el análisis de crecimiento por el método clásico, sólo, permitió determinar diferencias en materia seca total, de tallos, de hojas y en área foliar. Resultados similares se hallaron al analizarlos indices. La TRC fue ligeramente más alta en la variedad Cerinza que en la variedad Tundama, sin embargo,
los valores por evaluación no fueron significativamente
diferentes entre las dos variedades, a excepción de
los obtenidos a los 78 D.D.E.. La TAN tuvo un comportamiento similar a la TRC y estas dos variables se correlacionaron positiva y significativamente. La RAF mostró una tendencia decreciente de tipo lineal en la variedad Cerinza, mientras que en la variedad Tundama fue de tipo cuadratico, con valores altos en las primeras y últimas

Physicochemical and Organoleptic Properties of Dried Synbiotics Yoghurt from Lesser Yam Tubers (Dioscoreaesculenta L.

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Winarti Sri

2016-01-01

Full Text Available There are many variations of Yam (Dioscorea spp. which spread out in the world including Indonesia. Those variations could be categorized based on their shape, size, colour, and flavour of their tuber. The genus of Dioscorea spp. has more than 600 species, such as Dioscorea hispida, Dioscorea esculenta (lesser yam, Discorea bulbifera, Dioscorea alata (purple yam, Dioscorea opposita (white yam, Dioscorea villosa (yellow yam, Dioscorea altassima, and Dioscorea elephantipes. At the present, the utilization of yam tubers is seen to be limited. The purpose of the research was to evaluate the properties/characteristics of dried synbiotics yoghurt from lesser yam tubers. The treatment on this study was performed by the number of substitution of lesser yam tubers and the fermentation time. The results show that the dried synbiotics yoghurt that most preferred by consumers was G2F3 (lesser yam 40% and fermentation time 22 hours with an average value 3.65. It is followed by the total LAB (lactic acid bacteria 8,15 log cfu/g, pH 4.27, total lactic acid 1.02%, yield of dried synbiotic yoghurt 32.30%, and total soluble protein 4.53%.

The effect of different extraction techniques on property and bioactivity of polysaccharides from Dioscorea hemsleyi.

Science.gov (United States)

Zhao, Chengcheng; Li, Xia; Miao, Jing; Jing, Songsong; Li, Xuejiao; Huang, Luqi; Gao, Wenyuan

2017-09-01

The rhizoma of Dioscorea hemsleyi (DH) has been used as a treatment of diabetes in China for hundreds of years. Polysaccharides in DH were extracted by using ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE), cold water extraction (CWE), warm water extraction (WWE) and hot water extraction (HWE), separately. Then the different characterizations of four DH polysaccharide (DHP) samples were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), high-performance Gel permeation chromatography (HGPC), ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy(UV), fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Their activities in vitro of DHP were compared. Experimental results showed that HWE had the highest yield and large molecular weight. CWE had the highest uronic acid yield and little molecular weight, and its DPPH, AGI and AAI activity were the best. The molecular weight of UAE was small, and its RP and FRAP activity were the best. Four DHP samples had differences in the surface topography, while they all had the typical IR spectra characteristic of polysaccharides. According the correlation analysis, it showed that the more uronic acid and the lower molecular weight was, the higher the antioxidant activity was. The high content of monosaccharide composition of Xyl, Ara, GlcA and GalA, and little molecular weight have good effect on antidiabetic activity. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Dioscorea bulbifera Mediated Synthesis of Novel AucoreAgshell Nanoparticles with Potent Antibiofilm and Antileishmanial Activity

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Sougata Ghosh

2015-01-01

Full Text Available Dioscorea bulbifera is a potent medicinal plant used in both Indian and Chinese traditional medicine owing to its rich phytochemical diversity. Herein, we report the rapid synthesis of novel AucoreAgshell nanoparticles by D. bulbifera tuber extract (DBTE. AucoreAgshell NPs synthesis was completed within 5 h showing a prominent peak at 540 nm. HRTEM analysis revealed 9 nm inner core of elemental gold covered by a silver shell giving a total particle diameter upto 15 nm. AucoreAgshellNPs were comprised of 57.34±1.01% gold and 42.66±0.97% silver of the total mass. AucoreAgshellNPs showed highest biofilm inhibition upto 83.68±0.09% against A. baumannii. Biofilms of P. aeruginosa, E. coli, and S. aureus were inhibited up to 18.93±1.94%, 22.33±0.56%, and 30.70±1.33%, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM and atomic force microscopy (AFM confirmed unregulated cellular efflux through pore formation leading to cell death. Potent antileishmanial activity of AucoreAgshellNPs (MIC=32 µg/mL was confirmed by MTT assay. Further SEM micrographs showed pronounced deformity in the spindle shaped cellular morphology changing to spherical. This is the first report of synthesis, characterization, antibiofilm, and antileishmanial activity of AucoreAgshellNPs synthesized by D. bulbifera.

Clonal diversity and estimation of relative clone age: application to agrobiodiversity of yam (Dioscorea rotundata).

Science.gov (United States)

Scarcelli, Nora; Couderc, Marie; Baco, Mohamed N; Egah, Janvier; Vigouroux, Yves

2013-11-13

Clonal propagation is a particular reproductive system found in both the plant and animal kingdoms, from human parasites to clonally propagated crops. Clonal diversity provides information about plant and animal evolutionary history, i.e. how clones spread, or the age of a particular clone. In plants, this could provide valuable information about agrobiodiversity dynamics and more broadly about the evolutionary history of a particular crop. We studied the evolutionary history of yam, Dioscorea rotundata. In Africa, Yam is cultivated by tuber clonal propagation. We used 12 microsatellite markers to identify intra-clonal diversity in yam varieties. We then used this diversity to assess the relative ages of clones. Using simulations, we assessed how Approximate Bayesian Computation could use clonal diversity to estimate the age of a clone depending on the size of the sample, the number of independent samples and the number of markers. We then applied this approach to our particular dataset and showed that the relative ages of varieties could be estimated, and that each variety could be ranked by age. We give a first estimation of clone age in an approximate Bayesian framework. However the precise estimation of clone age depends on the precision of the mutation rate. We provide useful information on agrobiodiversity dynamics and suggest recurrent creation of varietal diversity in a clonally propagated crop.

Análisis crítico de un discurso en la variedad del español andino

OpenAIRE

Espinosa Santos, Victoria

1999-01-01

Se presenta un análisis crítico de un discurso en la variedad andina del español de Chile con el propósito de verificar los vínculos existentes entre estructuras, estrategias y otros elementos del texto, y la visión de mundo del habitante aymara del norte de Chile. El discurso es una entrevista y se analizan el léxico, la morfosintaxis, la entonación y otras propiedades del texto que muestran cómo el sujeto produce y comprende el mundo que lo rodea. Los resultados del análisis evidencian la p...

Densidades de siembra de dos variedades comerciales de crisantemo, Chrysantemum morifolium Ramat en Piendamo (Cauca

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Posada D. Adolfo

1986-09-01

Full Text Available The behavior and agricultural characteristics of two kinds of Chrysanthemum (White Marble and Yellow Polaris were evaluated in terms of yield and quality of the product. Two different kinds of planting systems were applied (single stem and pinched stem. The experimental design in randomized whole blocks for each variety and system including four density treatments (80, 90, 110 and 115 sterns per 1.05 m2 was repeated six times. The experimental unit was of 2.10 m2; 1.26 m2 were harvested. A strong discrepancy between the quantity and quality of the product was observed. The highest yields were obtained with densities of 110 and 115 stems per 1.05 m2. However, the experimental units dis not always met both requirements of a diameter greater than seven cm and three or more marketable flowers per stem. If maximizing production of acceptable bunches is taken as a decision variable, a density of 90 sterns per 1.05 m2 with a 3/3/2/2/2/3/3 arrangement with pinched stern for Yellow Polar is seems a better alternative. As for White Marble, it would be better to have 80 stems per 1.05 m2 with a 3/2/2/2/2/2/3 arrangement in the single stem, but the probability of acceptance is only 0.666. In addition, White Marble showed more susceptibility to dwarfism.Se evaluó el comportamiento y características agronómicas asociadas con el rendimiento y la calidad del producto en las variedades White Marble y Yellow Polaris, en los sistemas de tallo único y tallo despuntado. El diseño experimental de bloques completos al azar para cada variedad y sistema incluía cuatro tratamientos de densidad (80, 90, 110 Y 115 tallos por 1.05 m2, con seis repeticiones. La unidad experimental fue de 2.10 m2, cosechando 1. 26m2(1.05 x 1.20. Se observó marcado antagonismo entre la cantidad y la calidad del producto comercial. Los mayores rendimientos se obtuvieron con densidades de 110 y 115 tallos por 1.05 m2, pero no siempre la producción cumplía con los requisitos de di

Effects of Planting and Processing Modes on the Degradation of Dithianon and Pyraclostrobin in Chinese Yam (Dioscorea spp.).

Science.gov (United States)

Shi, Kaiwei; Wu, Xujin; Ma, Jingwei; Zhang, Junfeng; Zhou, Ling; Wang, Hong; Li, Li

2017-12-06

The yam (Dioscorea spp.) is widely cultivated in China. The degradation of dithianon and pyraclostrobin in yams with different planting and processing treatments was investigated in this article. An analytical method for two pesticides in yam and yam plant was developed, and recoveries were between 77% and 93%, with relative standard deviations from 0.8% to 7.4%, respectively. On the basis of this method, half-lives for plants grown on stakes versus plants grown without stakes were compared. The results indicated that the half-life for pesticide residues for plants grown on stakes versus plants grown without stakes differed as 6.7 versus 3.1 days for dithianon and 5.4 versus 5.2 days for pyraclostrobin. Dithianon was significantly influenced by planting mode because of its low stability under sunlight. The processing factors of various processing treatments (hot air-drying, vacuum freeze-drying, microwave vacuum-drying, infrared-drying, steaming, and boiling) were all <1, indicating that those processes can reduce residues of two pesticides at different levels. Significant amounts of residues were removed during the boiling treatment, whereas the others showed less effect.

Características morfológicas e desempenho de crescimento de monossexo macho de tilápia da variedade GIFT e Saint Peter®

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Nilton Garcia Marengoni

2015-10-01

Full Text Available Este estudo teve como objetivo comparar as características morfológicas e o desempenho de populações monossexo macho de tilápia da variedade Genetic Improved Farmed Tilapia (GIFT e Saint Peter® cultivadas em um sistema misto. O experimento foi conduzido durante o período de junho a novembro de 2012, na Estação da Piscicultura Sgarbi, no Município de Palotina. Os juvenis da GIFT foram obtidos de reprodutores da Estação de Piscicultura da Universidade Estadual de Maringá (UEM/Codapar e os híbridos vermelhos foram oriundos de reprodutores da Estação da Piscicultura Sgarbi. Os valores genéticos médios da variedade GIFT para três grupos genéticos (I, II e III foram obtidos por meio de uma avaliação genética pelo Best Linear Unbiased Prediction (BLUP, utilizando o controle de parentesco das tilápias. Informação de pedigree completo da GIFT desde a sua introdução no Brasil foi utilizado e os grupos genéticos foram classificados como I (grupo superior, II (grupo intermediário e III (grupo inferior. Utilizou-se o sistema semi-intensivo, sendo adotada a densidade de 4,7 peixes m-2 de lâmina de água. Foram alojados 480 peixes da variedade GIFT e 1400 peixes do híbrido vermelho, totalizando 1880 animais, com peso médio inicial de 15 g. Os peixes foram identificados individualmente através de Passive Integrated Transponder (PIT tags. A despesca foi realizada ao final do período de 160 dias. Os dados de peso final e ganho em peso diário, e das características morfológicas incluindo comprimento total, comprimento padrão, comprimento da cabeça, altura da cauda, altura do corpo, largura da cauda, largura do corpo, comprimento da cabeça/comprimento padrão, área e volume corporal foram avaliados. Aplicou-se a análise de variância (ANOVA e o teste de Tukey a 5% de probabilidade. Os valores médios de peso final e ganho em peso diário entre os três grupos genéticos da GIFT não apresentaram diferenças significativas

Nutritional Value and Utilization of Yams (Dioscorea steriscus by Residents of Bindura Town High Density Suburbs, Zimbabwe

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S. Washaya

2016-01-01

Full Text Available The objective of this study was to assess utilization levels, availability, nutritional value, and magnitude of sales by vendors of Dioscorea steriscus by residents of Bindura. A multistage sampling procedure was used to select respondents. Data were subjected to Chi-square, logistic regression, and correlation to determine the effects of demographic determinants on utilization of D. steriscus. Questionnaires were used to collect data. Results show that education status and period of stay significantly affect the consumption of D. steriscus (P<0.05. It was also observed that consumption is frequent between lunch and supper (47% compared to breakfast. D. steriscus has high iron (6.8%, ash (2.06%, and CF (16.8% contents but it is low in protein (0.83%. Irrespective of gender of respondent, suburb of residence, size of family, period of stay, education level, employment status, and source of income, respondents will grow D. steriscus for use as food supplement (odds ratio = 0.475. The period of stay (r=0.08 and education level (r=0.08 positively affect the growing of D. steriscus. D. steriscus can be used as source of energy and can also be used possibly for medicinal purposes. Further study is required on possibility of phytochemicals and cytotoxic components to justify its use.

Caracterização química e determinação dos estádios fenológicos de variedades de videiras cultivadas no Norte Fluminense Chemical characterization and phenological determination of grapes cultivated in the North area of Rio de Janeiro state

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Felipe Cavalcanti Carneiro da Silva

2008-03-01

Full Text Available O experimento foi conduzido no município de Campos dos Goytacazes- RJ, durante os anos de 2005 e 2006, com o intuito de proceder a uma caracterização química e fenológica de variedades de videira cultivadas na região Norte Fluminense. Utilizou-se de plantas das variedades: Romana, Isabel, Kyoho, Moscatel de Hamburgo, Roberta e Niágara Rosada. Para a determinação do clico fenológico das seis variedades, realizaram-se podas em 20-03-2005 e 15-02-006. Para a poda realizada em fevereiro, verificou-se redução do período de poda à colheita em todas as variedades, sendo a variedade Isabel a mais tardia, com ciclo médio de 124 dias para os dois anos.The experiment was carried out in Campos dos Goytacazes County, RJ, in 2005 and 2006, aiming to characterize chemically and phenologically different grapes varieties, such as 'Romana', 'Isabel', 'Kyoho', 'Moscatel de Hamburgo', 'Roberta' and 'Niagara Rosada', cultivated in the North of the state of Rio de Janeiro. The six studied varieties were pruned on 03/20/2005 and 02/15/2006 to determine the phenological cycle. Pruning in February evidenced a reduction of the pruning-harvest period in all varieties. 'Isabel' was the latest variety, with a mean cycle of 124 days in both years.

Actividad antioxidante e inhibidora de a-glucosidasa y a-amilasa de tres variedades de cebolla (Allium cepa L.

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Leticia X. López-Martínez

2014-01-01

Full Text Available La cebolla (Allium cepa L. ha sido cultivada durante miles de años y es utilizada como un componente importante en la dieta del ser humano. Estudios recientes sugieren que su consumo puede reducir o prevenir problemas de salud como asma, enfermedades cardiovasculares y diabetes, debido a sus efectos antioxidantes. En este estudio se determinó el contenido de compuestos fenólicos totales, la capacidad antiradical y la inhibición de las enzimas α-glucosidasa y α-amilasa de extractos acuosos y etanólicos de tres variedades de cebolla (blanca, amarilla y morada. El contenido de compuestos fenólicos totales varió de 6.59 a 9.25 mg/100 g y la actividad antiradical expresada como % DPPH- se encontró entre 20.4% a 39.6% y de 46.8 a 89.2% para los extractos acuosos y etanólicos respectivamente. Todos los extractos etanólicos fueron capaces de inhibir la actividad α-glucosidasa y α-amilasa de 58% a 34%% y 33 y 22% respectivamente, mientras que los extractos acuosos fueron menos efectivos. Entre los extractos estudiados, el extracto etanólicos de cebolla morada presenta la mayor concentración de compuestos fenólicos totales y la mayor actividad antiradical e inhibidora de α-glucosidasa. Las diferencias encontradas entre la concentración de compuestos fenólicos y las distintas actividades estudiadas parecen depender del perfil único de compuestos fenólicos que posee cada variedad de cebolla.

HUBUNGAN DOSIS TEPUNG GEMBILI (Dioscorea esculenta DENGAN TINGKAT EKSPRESI ENZIM Ampk-α2 PADA MODEL TIKUS DIABETES MELITUS

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neni oktiyani

2015-06-01

Full Text Available Abstract: Alternative methods of controlling glucose levels in patients with diabetes is by type of food, either by utilizing yam flour. At the flour contained inulin and resistant starch that can activate the enzyme AMPK-α2. Activation of these enzymes will stimulate glucose transport in skeletal muscle and liver, thus causing a decrease in glucose production. Varying doses of flour is expected to affect the expression of AMPK-α2. This study aims to dosage relationship yam flour (Dioscorea esculenta with tigkat-α2 AMPK enzyme expression in the nucleus skeletal muscle and liver in mouse models of diabetes mellitus. The study was a quasi-experimental design with Post Test Only Group Design. Rats were divided into 5 (five groups, healthy mice, the mice with type 2 diabetes, and type 2 groups of diabetic rats with dietary intake yam flour addition of 1.25 g (TG-1:25,, 2.5 g (TG -2.5, 5.0 g (TG-5.0. Yam flour is mixed into the rat diet feed with varying doses. The results showed no significant correlation between the dose of yam flour with AMPK-α2 expression levels in skeletal muscle nuclei (p = 0.312 and liver (p = 0.474 in a mouse model of DM. The need for other studies using other types of food as an alternative arrangement of food for patients with diabetes Keywords: diabetes mellitus type 2, AMPK-α2, yam flour Abstrak: Metode alternatif pengendalian kadar glukosa pada penderita DM adalah dengan pengaturan jenis makanan, salah satunya dengan memanfaatkan tepung gembili. Pada tepung terdapat inulin dan pati resisten yang dapat mengaktivasi enzim Ampk-α2. Aktivasi enzim ini akan menstimulasi transpor glukosa di otot skelet dan hepar, sehingga menyebabkan terjadinya penurunan produksi glukosa. Dosis bervariasi dari tepung diharapkan mampu berpengaruh terhadap ekspresi Ampk-α2. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk hubungan dosis tepung gembili (Dioscorea esculenta dengan tigkat ekspresi enzim Ampk-α2 di nukleus otot skelet dan hepar pada model

De novo transcriptome assembly and the putative biosynthetic pathway of steroidal sapogenins of Dioscorea composita.

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Xia Wang

Full Text Available The plant Dioscorea composita has important applications in the medical and energy industries, and can be used for the extraction of steroidal sapogenins (important raw materials for the synthesis of steroidal drugs and bioethanol production. However, little is known at the genetic level about how sapogenins are biosynthesized in this plant. Using Illumina deep sequencing, 62,341 unigenes were obtained by assembling its transcriptome, and 27,720 unigenes were annotated. Of these, 8,022 unigenes were mapped to 243 specific pathways, and 531 unigenes were identified to be involved in 24 secondary metabolic pathways. 35 enzymes, which were encoded by 79 unigenes, were related to the biosynthesis of steroidal sapogenins in this transcriptome database, covering almost all the nodes in the steroidal pathway. The results of real-time PCR experiments on ten related transcripts (HMGR, MK, SQLE, FPPS, DXS, CAS, HMED, CYP51, DHCR7, and DHCR24 indicated that sapogenins were mainly biosynthesized by the mevalonate pathway. The expression of these ten transcripts in the tuber and leaves was found to be much higher than in the stem. Also, expression in the shoots was low. The nucleotide and protein sequences and conserved domains of four related genes (HMGR, CAS, SQS, and SMT1 were highly conserved between D. composita and D. zingiberensis; but expression of these four genes is greater in D. composita. However, there is no expression of these key enzymes in potato and no steroidal sapogenins are synthesized.

Determinación de la Infección de Burkholderia glumae en Semillas de Variedades Comerciales Colombianas de Arroz Determination of the Infeccion of Burkholderia glumae in Comercial Colombian Rice Varieties

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Nathalia María Vanesa Flórez Zapata

2011-12-01

Full Text Available El añublo bacterial de la panícula del arroz, ocasionado por Burkholderia glumae, es una enfermedad cada vez más difundida en Colombia. Por tal motivo es importante implementar un sistema de evaluación de la infección de este agente fitopatógeno en semilla, ya que ésta es una de las posibles fuentes de la enfermedad en campo. Semillas previamente desinfectadas, fueron sumergidas en suspensiones bacterianas y colocadas en cámara húmeda por siete días, luego de los cuales fueron evaluadas. Este sistema fue validado a través del análisis de la severidad de la infección en siete variedades de arroz y tres concentraciones del patógeno. El análisis reveló que las variedades F60, Panorama y F174, presentaron la menor severidad de la infección, aunque estadísticamente similar entre sí; mientras que, las variedades F369 y F733 presentaron niveles de severidad significativamente mayores y similares entre sí. Todas las variedades, con excepción de F60, presentaron diferencias entre las concentraciones del patógeno evaluadas, encontrándose una relación positiva entre concentración del inóculo y la severidad, la cual osciló según la variedad en la que fue estimada. Se concluyó que el modelo de evaluación de la infección fue exitoso dado que permitió encontrar diferencias en la severidad de la infección entre las variedades de arroz y las concentraciones de inóculo.The bacterial panicle blight of rice caused by Burkholderia glumae, is a disease that has gained increasing distribution in Colombia. Therefore it is important to implement an assessment system of infection of this phytopathogen in seeds, since this is one of the possible disease sources on the field. Thus, previously disinfected seeds were dipped in the bacterial suspension and placed in a moist chamber for 7 days, after which they were assessed. This assessment system, was validated by analyzing the infection severity level on seven rice varieties and three

Análisis de la competencia entre tres tipos de arroz rojo y la variedad Oryzica -1

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Montealegre S. Fabio A.

1991-12-01

Full Text Available Con el objeto de analizar la capacidad competidora de los arroces rojos Varietal Cica-6 (VC-6, Mechudo Patechulo
(PM y Pipón Desgranador (PO, se llevó a cabo una investigación de campo en la cual los arroces rojos fueron sembrados en monocultivo yen mezcla (50:50 con la variedad Orvzlca-1, Se empleó un diseño de bloques
al azar con muestreo y tres replicaciones. Las variables medidas fueron altura de planta, número de macollas y hojas por planta, área foliar, peso seco de la parte aérea y los componentes de rendimiento. Además se calculó el índice de área foliar, la relación de área foliar, la tasa de crecim lehto relativo, la tasa de asimilación neta, la tasa de crecimiento del cultivo y la duración del área foliar. Se encontró un incremento del peso seco y la TCR en el VC6, del peso seco en el MP y del peso seco, área foliar y RAF del PD cuando
estuvieron en competencia con la variedad Oryzica-1, lo que demuestra que estas son características importantes de los rojos como plantas competidoras. Por otra parte, la
mayoría de las características de la variedad Oryzica-1 disminuyen significativamente cuando se encuentra en mezcla con los arroces rojos. Estos resultados permiten clasificar
al PD como altamente agresivo, al MP como medianamente agresivo y al VC6 como ligeramente agresivo.A field experiment was conducted to analyse the competitive ability of three red rice types: Varietal Cica-6 (VC·S, Mechudo Patechulo (MP y Pipón Desgranador (PO grown in monoculture and mixture (50:50 wth Oryzica-1. A randomized block design with sampling and three replications
was used. Plant heigh, tiller number and leaves per plant, leaf area, plant dry weight and yield components were measured.
Leaf area index, net assimilation rate, leaf area ratio, relative growth rate, crop growth rate and leaf area duration were
derived. It was found an increase in plant dry weight and RGR in VC-6, plant dry

Costos y rendimientos de producción de tres néctares de manzana (pyrusmalusl) variedades Anna, Pensilvania y Winter

OpenAIRE

Darío Alberto Pinto Medina; Yesenia Fernández Vargas; Efrain Martinez Quintero

2016-01-01

La agroindustria en Colombia se muestra como una alternativa para dar aprovechamiento eficiente a materias primas de origen agropecuario, especialmente aquellas que por parámetros de calidad, no salen al mercado y generan cuantiosas pérdidas a agricultores y ganaderos; esta investigación se basó principalmente en el aprovechamiento de la manzana (Pyrus malus L), se elaboró néctar con tres variedades producidas en el departamento de Boyacá, Colombia: Pensilvania, Anna y Winter y se evaluaron l...

A variedade da dieta é fator protetor para a pressão arterial sistólica elevada

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Erick Prado de Oliveira

2012-04-01

Full Text Available FUNDAMENTO: A dieta influencia diretamente a hipertensão arterial (HAS, que é um dos principais fatores de risco da doença cardiovascular. OBJETIVO: Associar a HAS com fatores dietéticos de adultos clinicamente selecionados para programa de mudança de estilo de vida. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal composto por 335 indivíduos, com idade entre 44 e 65 anos, clinicamente selecionados para um programa de mudança de estilo de vida. Foram avaliados os dados antropométricos (IMC, % de gordura e circunferência abdominal, os componentes bioquímicos (concentrações plasmáticas de glicose, triglicerídeos, colesterol total, HDL-c e LDL-c e a dieta, por meio do recordatório de 24 horas. A qualidade da dieta foi avaliada pelo Índice de Alimentação Saudável. A pressão arterial foi mensurada de acordo com a V Diretriz Brasileira de Hipertensão Arterial e classificada de acordo com o NCEP-ATPIII. A regressão logística foi realizada para determinar a probabilidade de alterações na PAS e PAD de acordo com a ingestão dietética. Adotou-se como significante o valor de p < 0,05. RESULTADOS: Observou-se correlação positiva da pressão arterial diastólica com o consumo de colesterol e açúcar; e negativa com a ingestão de fibras, porções de óleo e qualidade da dieta. A variedade da dieta ≥ 8 itens alimentares apresentou efeito protetor para alterações da pressão arterial sistólica; OR = 0,361 (0,148-0,878. CONCLUSÃO: A maior variedade da dieta ofereceu efeito protetor para alteração da pressão arterial sistólica.

Análise exploratória das características morfológicas e qualitativas de variedades de laranjeiras de mesa da coleção em brejão - PE

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Renata Cristina Medeiros

2013-06-01

Full Text Available Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar as características morfológicas e os aspectos físicos, físico-químicos e químicos das plantas e dos frutos de 15 variedades de laranjas cedidas pelo Centro Nacional de Pesquisa de Mandioca e Fruticultura (Embrapa - CNPMF, e plantadas na Estação Experimental do Instituto Agronômico de Pernambuco, Brejão-PE. Foram avaliados: diâmetro do caule acima e abaixo da linha de enxertia e a relação entre eles, diâmetro da copa, altura da planta e volume de copa. Nos frutos, as avaliações consistiram em: formato, coloração do epicarpo, massa do fruto, massa do suco, altura e diâmetro do fruto, espessura do mesocarpo e do endocarpo, número de sementes por fruto e rendimento em suco. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualisados, com quatro repetições e uma planta por parcela. Para o aspecto qualitativo dos frutos, utilizou-se o mesmo delineamento, e foram avaliados através de 12 descritores. Apenas seis das variedades de laranjas estudadas estão dentro das exigências do Programa Brasileiro para a Modernização da Horticultura e cinco das variedades de laranjas mostraram-se com maturação diferente das descritas na literatura.

Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) and Yam (Dioscorea spp.) Crops and Their Derived Foodstuffs: Safety, Security and Nutritional Value.

Science.gov (United States)

Ferraro, Vincenza; Piccirillo, Clara; Tomlins, Keith; Pintado, Manuela E

2016-12-09

Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) and yam (Dioscorea spp.) are tropical crops consumed by ca. 2 billion people and represent the main source of carbohydrate and energy for the approximately 700 million people living in the tropical and sub-tropical areas. They are a guarantee of food security for developing countries. The production of these crops and the transformation into food-derived commodities is increasing, it represents a profitable business and farmers generate substantial income from their market. However, there are some important concerns related to the food safety and food security. The high post-harvest losses, mainly for yam, the contamination by endogenous toxic compounds, mainly for cassava, and the contamination by external agents (such as micotoxins, pesticides, and heavy metal) represent a depletion of economic value and income. The loss in the raw crops or the impossibility to market the derived foodstuffs, due to incompliance with food regulations, can seriously limit all yam tubers and the cassava roots processors, from farmers to household, from small-medium to large enterprises. One of the greatest challenges to overcome those concerns is the transformation of traditional or indigenous processing methods into modern industrial operations, from the crop storage to the adequate package of each derived foodstuff.

Dioscorin, the major tuber storage protein of yam (Dioscorea batatas decne) with carbonic anhydrase and trypsin inhibitor activities.

Science.gov (United States)

Hou, W C; Liu, J S; Chen, H J; Chen, T E; Chang, C F; Lin, Y H

1999-05-01

Dioscorin, the tuber storage protein of yam (Dioscorea batatas Decne), was purified successively by ammonium sulfate fractionation, DE-52 ion exchange chromatography, and Sephadex G-75 column. Two protein bands (82 and 28 kDa) were found under nonreducing conditions after SDS-PAGE; but only one band (32 kDa) was detected under reducing conditions. The first 21 amino acids in the N-terminal region of the 28 kDa form were VEDEFSYIEGNPNGPENWGNL, which was highly homologous to deductive sequence of dioscorin from cDNA of another yam species (Dioscoreacayenensis Lam) reported by Conlan et al. (Plant Mol. Biol. 1995, 28, 369-380). Hewett-Emmett and Tashian (Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 1996, 5, 50 -77) mentioned that, according to DNA alignments, dioscorin from yam (D. cayenensis) was alpha-carbonic anhydrase (alpha-CA) related. In this report, we found that the purified dioscorin showed both CA dehydration activity using sodium bicarbonate as a substrate and CA activity staining after SDS-PAGE. A polyclonal antibody, which was raised against trypsin inhibitor (TI), a storage protein of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas [L.] Lam var. Tainong 57), cross-reacted with dioscorin, which also showed TI activity determined by both activity staining after SDS-PAGE and trypsin inhibition determination.

Valinia INIA, a New Early Storage Onion Variety for Central South Chile Valinia INIA, una Nueva Variedad de Cebolla de Guarda Precoz para la Zona Centro Sur de Chile

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María Inés González A

2012-03-01

Full Text Available In Central South Chile, storage onion varieties (Allium cepa L. sold domestically usually begin the maturation process in March, which implies that a large proportion of bulbs do not mature adequately and do not resist prolonged storage. This situation led the Quilamapu vegetable program of the Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias INIA to select an early maturing onion variety. This breeding method involved a recurrent selection with free plant crossing that began in 1994 on a population of 2000 plants of the 'Valenciana' commercial variety. Plants were first selected when they reached physiological maturity (tops down before 28 February, and then for shape, size, storage capacity, and single-centered bulbs. The result of the program was 'Valinia INIA', a type of Valenciana onion variety: early maturing, medium-sized bulb, spherical, yellow, and resistant to sprouting during storage. From the 2001-2002 to the 2008-2009 season, variety assays were carried out to compare 'Valinia INIA' with commercial cultivars, i.e., 'Sintética 14', 'Grano de Oro', and 'Valenciana Cobra'. 'Valinia INIA' precocity exceeded the other varieties in all seasons with a mean of 1.5 wk ahead of 'Sintética 14', which is the earliest commercial variety and more than 2 wk ahead of the other two. Its yield is similar to 'Valenciana Cobra' and higher than the other two varieties. Its storage capacity is similar to 'Grano de Oro' and 'Sintética 14', but greater than 'Valenciana Cobra'.En la zona centro sur de Chile es habitual que las variedades de cebolla (Allium cepa L. de guarda que se comercializan en el pais inicien el proceso de maduración preferentemente en marzo, lo que conlleva a que una gran proporción de bulbos no madure adecuadamente, no resistiendo el almacenaje por un tiempo prolongado. Esta situación llevó al programa de hortalizas del Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias INIA Quilamapu a la selección de una variedad de cebolla de madurez

Efecto de la radiación ultravioleta-B sobre el crecimiento y la fotosíntesis de siete variedades de trigo (Triticum aestivum L. Effect of the ultraviolet-B radiation on growth and photosynthesis of seven varieties of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.

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MANUEL PINTO

2000-03-01

Full Text Available Con el fin de determinar la sensibilidad a la radiación UV-B de variedades de trigo cultivadas en Chile, plantas de las variedades ERP- V8, Lilén, Millaleu, Nobo, Reihue, Talhuén y Huayún, fueron irradiadas durante las seis primeras semanas de crecimiento con 22,5 µW cm-2 de radiación UV-B, durante 4 horas diarias y bajo una intensidad de radiación visible promedio de 400 µmol m-2 s-1 (12 h de fotoperíodo. En función de la respuesta en crecimiento (peso fresco y seco y área foliar al tratamiento UV-B, las variedades Talhuén Lilén y Nobo, resultaron ser los más sensibles. En todas las variedades la cantidad de compuestos absorbedores de UV-B aumentó como resultado del tratamiento con radiación UV-B. Sin embargo, no se observó una relación clara entre este aumento y la sensibilidad de las variedades a esta radiación. La asimilación neta de CO2 se vio negativamente afectada en todas las variedades, pero este efecto fue significativamente mayor en aquellas clasificadas como más sensibles. El rendimiento cuántico del PSII medido como Fv/Fm no se afectó por la acción del tratamiento UV-B, pero claramente disminuyó en todas las variedades luego de someter éstas a una alta intensidad de radiación visible. Este efecto fotoinhibitorio de la luz visible fue menos marcado en las plantas previamente irradiadas con UV-B, especialmente en las variedades más sensibles (Talhuén y Lilén. El efecto fotoprotector ejercido por el tratamiento previo con radiación UV-B se discute en el presente trabajo. Finalmente se concluye que las variedades ERP-V8, Millaleu y Huayún resultaron ser las más tolerantes al nivel de radiación UV-B impuestoThe effect of UV-B radiation on growth and photosynthesis of seven Chilean varieties of wheat ( ERP V-8, Lilén, Millaleu, Nobo, Reihue, Talhuén and Huayún was evaluated during the first six weeks of growth. Plants were irradiated 4 hours daily with 22.5 µW cm-2 of UV-B radiation and with a white

Reorientación de la división dialectal hispánica: datos de variedades venezolanas e ibéricas

OpenAIRE

Godsuno Chela-Flores; Giovanna D'Aquino

2003-01-01

Se cuestiona el tradicional enfoque dicotómico de la dialectología hispánica: los dialectos del español americano han sido clasificados como "conservadores" o "radicales" sobre la base de la divergencia entre la ortografía y la pronunciación de las consonantes posnucleares; dicha clasificación está vinculada con la geografía americana. Se demuestra lo inadecuado de tal división con datos recientes sobre procesos prenucleares y posnucleares de variedades venezolanas. Además, se explora la viab...

Qualidade, compostos bioativos e atividade antioxidante de variedades de videiras do Banco Ativo de Germoplasma da Embrapa Semiárido

OpenAIRE

Batista, Patrício Ferreira

2014-01-01

A sociedade moderna busca, cada vez mais, o consumo de alimentos que possam tratar e prevenir doenças, bem como aumentar a longevidade. Entre estes, destacam-se os alimentos funcionais, incluindo bebidas, ricos em compostos antioxidantes com ação benéfica à saúde já comprovada, como uvas e os seus derivados. Em vista disto, um estudo foi conduzido com o objetivo de identificar variedades de uvas destinadas ao consumo in natura e ao processamento que, além de atender aos requerimentos de quali...

Estudo de diversas variedades de copas sobre diferentes porta-enxertos da mangueira (Mangifera indica L. Study of several varieties of tree crowns on different rootstocks of mango (Mangifera indica L.

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S. Simão

1994-12-01

Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar a interferência copa x porta-enxerto no desenvolvimento da mangueira. As alturas e os diâmetros das copas foram tomadas uma vez em 1981, quando as 210 plantas atingiram 15 anos de idade. As variedades de copas estudadas foram as seguintes: Extrema, Oliveira Neto, Carlota, Imperial, Pahiri e Bourbon. Os porta-enxertos utilizados foram Espada, Extrema, Olivara Neto, Carlota, Coco, Pahiri e Bourbon. Os dados foram analisados e a comparação das médias foi feita através do teste de Tukey em nível de 5% de probabilidade. O estudo mostrou que as variedades de copa, Olivara Neto, Extrema e Bourbon atingiram uma altura e um diâmetro maior que as demais variedades.The aim of this paper was to investigate the influence of the combination tree crown + rootstock on mango tree performance. The trees were selected according to height and crown diameter, measured once in 1981, using 210 trees, 15 years old at the beginning of the experiment. The Extrema, Espada, Oliveira Neto, Carlota, Bourbon, Coco and Pahiri varieties were used as rootstock and Extrema, Pahiri, Imperial, Oliveira Neto, Cariota e Bourbon were utilized as scions for tree crown development. Data were analysed by classical statistics, comparing means through the Tukey test, at a probability level of 5%. The crowns Oliveira Neto, Extrema e Bourbon showed the highest heights and diametres.

Attachment study of Agrobacterium tumefaciens to tef [ Eragrostis tef ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Agrobacterium tumefaciens attachment as a factor in transformation was investigated in tef (Eragrostis tef) zygotic embryos, seeds, seedlings, leaf bases and embryogenic callus; leaf discs of yam species (Dioscorea bulbifera, Dioscorea caynensis and Dioscorea alata); and leaf discs of tobacco (Nicotina tabaccum).

Effect of Dioscorea opposita Thunb. (yam) supplementation on physicochemical and sensory characteristics of yogurt.

Science.gov (United States)

Kim, S H; Lee, S Y; Palanivel, G; Kwak, H S

2011-04-01

A study was conducted to examine the physicochemical, microbial, and sensory properties of yogurt made by supplementing powdered yam Dioscorea opposita Thunb. (YPT) at different concentrations (0.2, 0.4, 0.6, and 0.8%, wt/vol) into milk, which was pasteurized and then fermented at 43°C for 6 h and stored for 16 d. The pH values of all samples decreased, whereas viscosity values and mean microbial counts increased during storage. The L* and a* color values (indicators of lightness and redness, respectively) of yogurt samples were not remarkably influenced by adding YPT, whereas the b* values (indicating yellowness) significantly increased with the addition of YPT at all concentrations at 0 d of storage, probably due to the original yellow color of yam powder. In functional component analyses, when the concentration of YPT increased, the amount of allantoin and diosgenin proportionally increased. The content of allantoin was 3.22 and diosgenin 4.69 μg/mL when 0.2% (wt/vol) YPT was supplemented and did not change quantitatively during the storage period (16 d). The sensory test revealed that the overall acceptability scores of YPT-supplemented yogurt samples (0.2 to 0.6%, wt/vol) were quite similar to those of the control throughout the storage period of 16 d. Based on the data obtained from the present study, it was concluded that the concentrations (0.2 to 0.6%, wt/vol) of YPT could be used to produce YPT-supplemented yogurt without significant adverse effects on physicochemical, microbial, and sensory properties, and enhance functional components from the supplementation. Copyright © 2011 American Dairy Science Association. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Dioscorin isolated from Dioscorea alata activates TLR4-signaling pathways and induces cytokine expression in macrophages.

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Fu, Shu-Ling; Hsu, Ya-Hui; Lee, Pei-Yeh; Hou, Wen-Chi; Hung, Ling-Chien; Lin, Chao-Hsiung; Chen, Chiu-Ming; Huang, Yu-Jing

2006-01-06

The Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-signaling pathway is crucial for activating both innate and adaptive immunity. TLR4 is a promising molecular target for immune-modulating drugs, and TLR4 agonists are of therapeutic potential for treating immune diseases and cancers. Several medicinal herb-derived components have recently been reported to act via TLR4-dependent pathways, suggesting that medicinal plants are potential resources for identifying TLR4 activators. We have applied a screening procedure to systematically identify herbal constituents that activate TLR4. To exclude possible LPS contamination in these plant-derived components, a LPS inhibitor, polymyxin B, was added during screening. One of the plant components we identified from the screening was dioscorin, the glycoprotein isolated from Dioscorea alata. It induced TLR4-downstream cytokine expression in bone marrow cells isolated from TLR4-functional C3H/HeN mice but not from TLR4-defective C3H/HeJ mice. Dioscorin also stimulated multiple signaling molecules (NF-kappaB, ERK, JNK, and p38) and induced the expression of cytokines (TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, and IL-6) in murine RAW 264.7 macrophages. Furthermore, the ERK, p38, JNK, and NF-kappaB-mediated pathways are all involved in dioscorin-mediated TNF-alpha production. In summary, our results demonstrate that dioscorin is a novel TLR4 activator and induces macrophage activation via typical TLR4-signaling pathways.

Distribution, management and diversity of yam local varieties in Brazil: a study on Dioscorea alataL.

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MVBM Siqueira

Full Text Available Widely spread in the tropics, yams were introduced into Brazil during the colonial period and are currently grown throughout the country. Despite its importance as a pharmacological and food source, there is a lack of studies describing how and where this tuber is grown in Brazil. The aim of this study was to provide an overview of the cultivation and distribution of Dioscorea alata in different Brazilian regions. A total of 63 farmers were visited in different municipalities and communities in four regions in the country: South, Southeast, Northeast and Midwest. Semi-structured interviews were conducted to collect socio-economic, use, management and diversity data for this crop. The majority of interviewers were men, married, with children, using retirement benefits and agriculture as income and family labour as the main support in the yam cultivation. A wide distribution of this species was found, with the occurrence of D. alata in the four sampled regions. A variety of vernacular names for this species was collected, differing according to the region where it is cultivated. Most farmers cultivate yams in fields, however an increased usage of home gardens for the cultivation of this tuber was found. Also, most farmers cultivate yams in association with other crops in areas of different sizes and slash and burn practices, although mostly disappearing, are still being used by many farmers. The results of this study provide more concrete data on the distribution and diversity of this important crop.

Ensaio de variedades de linho em diferentes épocas. Comportamento fenológico e produção Flax varieties trial at different seasons. Phenological behaviour and production

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Carlos Castro

2010-12-01

Full Text Available Apresentam-se os resultados de um ensaio, conduzido em Vila Real (Portugal no âmbito de uma parceria com a Universidade DeMontfort, visando avaliar o comportamento de variedades de linho, Linum usitatissimum L., em duas épocas de sementeira. Analisaram-se diversos parâmetros fenológicos e a produção obtida. Não se constataram diferenças entre as variedades mas a sementeira outonal revelou ser significativamente mais produtiva originando plantas mais altas e com maior diâmetro.We present the results of an experiment conducted in Vila Real (Portugal by a partnership with the University DeMontfort, to evaluate the behavior of varieties of linum (flax, Linum usitatissimum L., at two periods of sowing. We analyzed several phenological parameters and the production yield. No differences were registered between the varieties. However, the autumn sowing proved to be significantly more productive than the spring one, resulting in taller plants with larger diameter.

Estudo e comportamento de variedades de alho-porro Studies on the behavior ok leek varieties

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Nélson Teixeira de Mendonça

1965-01-01

Full Text Available São relatados os dados de ensaio de competição entre 16 cultivares de alho-porro (Allium porrum L. procedentes da Europa e dos Estados Unidos da América do Norte, instalado em Campinas, em solo de formação glacial. O objetivo do experimento foi verificar o comportamento das variedades para o consumo in natura e para a indústria. Destacaram-se pela produção para consumo in natura as variedades I-3346 (Monstrueux D'Elbeuf e I-3353 (Long de Nice, respectivamente com 3,8 e 3,3 kg/m², seguindo-se I-3351 (Monstrueux de Carentan, I-3460 (Doubouchet, I-3458 (Dubouchet de outra procedência e I-3418 (Large American Flag com 2,9 kg/m². Para indústrias, destacaram-se pelos maiores rendimentos as variedades I-3350 (Gros Long D'Été, com 12,9%, I-3353 (Long de Nice, com 12,2%, seguindo-se I-3351 (Monstrueux de Carentan, I-3458 (Dubouchet, I-3355 (Longo de Talos Grossos e I-3349 (Bleu de Solaise. Não foi encontrada relação entre a produtividade (pêso do material in natura e o rendimento em pó.Varieties of leek (Allium porrum L., have already been sudied by the Seção de Olericultura of the Instituto Agronômico, using seeds imported from countries other than Brazil in view of leek not producing under our climatic conditions. Up to 1961, leek was cultivated in the State of São Paulo, only for fresh market because of the small demand. During the last years, its culture is growing more and more on account of the compensating prices reached on the market, the demand being high from important industries which devote themselves to the preparation of dry soups and flavours. In this paper data are given which were obtained from an experiment of competition with 16 varieties proceeding from Europe and the United States. It was installed in 1963 at the Central Experiment Station, in Campinas, on an area where the soil is of Glacial formation. The purpose of this trial was to determine which varieties are best for fresh market or for the industry

A study on the effect of the concentration of N,N-methylenebisacrylamide and acrylic acid toward the properties of Dioscorea hispida-starch-based hydrogel

Science.gov (United States)

Ashri, Airul; Lazim, Azwan

2014-09-01

The research investigated the effects of acrylic acid (monomer) and N,N,-methylenebisacrylamide, MBA (crosslinker) toward the percentage of gel content, swelling ratio and ionic strength of a starch-based hydrogel. Starch grafted on poly (sodium acrylate), St-g-PAANa hydrogel was prepared by incorporating starch extracted from Dioscorea hispida in NaOH/aqueous solution using different composition of acrylic acid (AA) and N,N-methylenebisacrylamide (MBA) in the presence of potassium persulfate (KPS) as chemical initiator. The highest gel content was observed at 1:30 ratio of starch to AA and 0.10 M of MBA. Results showed the highest swelling ratio was observed at 1:15 ratio of starch to acrylic acid and 0.02 M of MBA solution. The same results also gave the highest swelling ratio for the ionic strength study. The FTIR analysis was also conducted in order to confirm the grafting of AA onto starch backbone.

Starch molecular fractionation of bread wheat varieties Fraccionamiento molecular del almidón de variedades trigo pan

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V. Corcuera

2007-06-01

Full Text Available The starch composition of bread making wheat seeds (Triticum aestivum subsp. vulgare of the Argentine commercial varieties Buck Charrua, Buck Ombú, Buck Guaraní, Buck Catriel and Buck Poncho was analyzed by two different methods. One of these depends on the differential solubility of amylose and amylopectin in a water:butanol mixture whilst the other process is based on the use of the lectin Concanavalin A. These methods were complemented by spectrophotometric determinations to enable the identification of the á-D- glucanes and also improved the comparative quantitation of the amylose and amylopectin fractions. As a result of this, no significant variations for starch content (ANOVA, F4- 8= 0.7; p ≥ 0.05 were found among these varieties, although strong differences were found for amylose (ANOVA, F4- 8= 44.4; p ≥ 0.01 and amylopectin content (ANOVA, F4- 8= 77.1; p ≥ 0.01. These results and the fact that no differences were found for amylose (ANOVA, F2- 8= 0.3 and amylopectin among years within the same variety (ANOVA, F2- 8:0.8 at p ≥0.01 led to the conclusion that the diverse properties and end-uses of the starch mainly depend on the genotype, and that starch quality is null or scarcely influenced by the environment. This knowledge must be taken into account for wheat breeding purposes.Se analizó la composición del almidón de granos de trigo pan (Triticum aestivum subsp. v u l g a r e de las variedades comerciales argentinas Buck Charrúa, Buck Ombú, Buck Guaraní, Buck Catriel y Buck Poncho mediante dos métodos diferentes. Uno de ellos depende de la solubilidad diferencial de la amilosa y amilopectina en una mezcla de agua:butanol, mientras que el otro proceso está basado en el uso de la lectina Concanavalina A. Estos métodos fueron complementados mediante determinaciones espectrofotométricas que facilitaron la identificación de los á-D-glucanos y también permitieron mejorar la cuantificación comparativa de las fracciones

Instituciones, innovación y transferencia de conocimiento: contribuciones de los estudios sobre las variedades del capitalismo

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Pinto, Hugo

2012-02-01

Full Text Available This article is an interpretation of the theories about the varieties of capitalism, highlighting their implications for innovation, especially for the processes of knowledge transfer between universities and businesses. Studies of the varieties of capitalism point to the importance of the institutional architecture for the competitiveness of countries. The debate highlights the institutional complementarities as a useful concept in theoretical terms to explain the processes of development and need to anchor institutional analysis on empirical data. These approaches are relevant to frame important theoretical studies on innovation, where knowledge transfer processes are considered one of the essential impetus for innovation. The article provides a critical review of three approaches to varieties of capitalism: the pioneering study of Hall and Soskice, the business systems of Whitley and the approach to governance of Amable and Boyer. Corollaries that can connect to processes of knowledge transfer are extracted for each approach. The conclusions indicate that the focus of attention to the company should be complemented with a systemic approach, to show the wide range of actors, where the university becomes one of the most important. Government intervention is essential in shaping an innovative behaviour of the actors, to encourage and promote the use of different mechanisms of knowledge transfer.

Este trabajo realiza una interpretación de las teorías sobre las variedades del capitalismo resaltando sus implicaciones para la innovación, en especial para los procesos de transferencia de conocimiento entre la universidad y la empresa. Los estudios de las variedades del capitalismo señalan la importancia de la arquitectura institucional para la competitividad de los países. El debate pone de relieve las complementariedades institucionales como concepto útil en términos teóricos para explicar los procesos de desarrollo, así como

Antibacterial activities of the extracts, fractions and compounds from Dioscorea bulbifera

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Kuete Victor

2012-11-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background Dioscorea bulbifera is an African medicinal plant used to treat microbial infections. In the present study, the methanol extract, fractions (DBB1 and DBB2 and six compounds isolated from the bulbils of D. bulbifera, namely bafoudiosbulbins A (1, B (2, C (3, F (4, G (5 and 2,7-dihydroxy-4-methoxyphenanthrene (6, were tested for their antimicrobial activities against Mycobacteria and Gram-negative bacteria involving multidrug resistant (MDR phenotypes expressing active efflux pumps. Methods The microplate alamar blue assay (MABA and the broth microdilution methods were used to determine the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC of the above samples. Results The results of the MIC determinations indicated that when tested alone, the crude extract, fractions DBB1 and DBB2 as well as compounds 2 to 5 were able to prevent the growth of all the fifteen studied microorganisms, within the concentration range of 8 to 256 μg/mL. The lowest MIC value for the methanol extract and fractions (16 μg/mL was obtained with DBB1 and DBB2 on E, coli AG100A and DBB2 on Mycobacterium tuberculosis MTCS2. The lowest value for individual compounds (8 μg/mL was recorded with compound 3 on M. smegmatis and M. tuberculosis ATCC and MTCS2 strains respectively. The activity of the samples on many MDR bacteria such as Enterobacter aerogenes EA289, CM64, Klebsiella pneumoniae KP63 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA124 was better than that of chloramphenicol. When tested in the presence of the efflux pump inhibitor against MDR Gram-negative bacteria, the activity of most of the samples increased. MBC values not greater than 512 μg/mL were recorded on all studied microorganisms with fraction DBB2 and compounds 2 to 5. Conclusions The overall results of the present investigation provided evidence that the crude extract D. bulbifera as well as some of the compounds and mostly compounds 3 could be considered as potential

Physicochemical characteristics and fatty acids profile of olive oils from different varieties of olive tree in southern Minas Gerais - Brazil / Características físico-químicas e perfil de ácidos graxos de azeites obtidos de diferentes variedades de oliveiras introduzidas no Sul de Minas Gerais - Brasil

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Michel Cardoso de Angelis Pereira

2010-04-01

Full Text Available This work had as an objective, to analyze, both physically and chemically, five olive tree varieties kept in the EPAMIG Germplasm Bank at the Experimental Farm, in the town of Maria da Fé, MG. Physical characteristics of the fruits and seeds (weight, diameter and length and some chemical characteritics of the oils extracted from five varieties (acidity, iodine, saponification, peroxide indices and the fatty acid profile were evaluated. The Negroa variety presented an average percent of lipids (28.2% significantly higher than the others (p Este trabalho teve por objetivo analisar, física e quimicamente, cinco variedades de oliveiras mantidas no banco de germoplasma pela EPAMIG, na Fazenda Experimental no município de Maria da Fé, MG. Foram avaliadas características físicas dos frutos e sementes (peso, diâmetro e comprimento e algumas características químicas dos azeites extraídos de cinco variedades (índice de acidez, iodo, saponificação, peróxidos e perfil de ácidos graxos. A variedade Negroa apresentou percentual médio de lipideos (28,2% significativamente maior que as demais (p < 0,05. Dentre as variedades estudadas a Negroa e JB1 apresentaram maior produtividade e valores de acidez, índice de saponificação, iodo e peróxidos mais compatíveis com as normas da ANVISA (2005 e o Codex Alimentarius (2003. Todas as variedades cultivadas em Maria da Fé apresentaram conteúdos de ácido oléico dentro do recomendado pelo Codex alimentarius e significativamente maior que o teor de ácido oléico do azeite comercial extra virgem analisado (p < 0,05. O perfil de ácidos graxos encontrado demonstrou que todas as variedades (JB1, Negroa, Ascolano 315, 0025 e 0004 estão com seus valores adequados para os principais grupos de ácidos graxos, quando comparados com a legislação. Os resultados indicam que das variedades analisadas a Negroa e JB1 apresentam melhor potencial para utilização na produção de azeite de oliva.

Avaliação da incidência de antracnose, do desempenho e estado nutricional de variedades de mangueira, para cultivo orgânico, na região centro-norte do Estado de São Paulo Evaluation of anthracnose incidence, development and nutritional status of mango trees varieties for organic cultivation in north center region of São Paulo state

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Juliana Altafin Galli

2009-09-01

Full Text Available A mudança do perfil do consumidor, aliada aos riscos da contaminação por agrotóxicos, tem levado à busca de alternativas ecologicamente apropriadas para produção de frutas. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram avaliar a incidência de antracnose, o desempenho e estado nutricional de variedades de mangueira conduzidas organicamente na região de Pindorama-SP. Foram utilizadas 17 variedades de mangueira. O experimento foi instalado em delineamento experimental em blocos completos ao acaso, com 17 tratamentos (variedades e seis repetições. Foi avaliada a severidade de antracnose nas folhas, através de uma escala diagramática, atribuindo-se notas aos sintomas. Foram avaliados o crescimento e o desenvolvimento (altura da planta, perímetro do tronco e da copa e o estado nutricional, mediante análise foliar, das diferentes variedades utilizadas. Através dos resultados obtidos, podem-se considerar como muito suscetíveis à antracnose as variedades Bourbon, Rocha e Rosa; e resistentes, as variedades IAC 111, Alfa, Beta e Parvin; as variedades de manga apresentaram o mesmo padrão de crescimento; as maiores alturas da planta corresponderam aos maiores diâmetros do tronco e da copa; a variedade Parvin apresentou o melhor desempenho dentre as variedades estudadas, com relação à resistência à antracnose, altura e diâmetro do caule e da copa, podendo ser recomendada ao cultivo orgânico. As variedades Omega e Alfa também apresentaram bom crescimento, podendo ser indicadas para esse cultivo, pelo menos nessa fase inicial; as variedades Surpresa e Rosa não apresentaram bom desempenho, no campo, em relação às demais, não devendo ser recomendadas para o cultivo orgânico, principalmente a variedade Rosa, bastante suscetível à antracnose. As concentrações de N, P e K foram elevadas na fase vegetativa das plantas, comparadas |à baixa concentração de Ca; houve carência de Boro em todas as variedades estudadas. A manga Rosa

Characterization and evaluation of acid-modified starch of Dioscorea oppositifolia (Chinese yam as a binder in chloroquine phosphate tablets

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Adenike Okunlola

2013-12-01

Full Text Available Chinese yam (Dioscorea oppositifolia starch modified by acid hydrolysis was characterized and compared with native starch as a binder in chloroquine phosphate tablet formulations. The physicochemical and compressional properties (using density measurements and the Heckel and Kawakita equations of modified Chinese yam starch were determined, and its quantitative effects as a binder on the mechanical and release properties of chloroquine phosphate were analyzed using a 2³ full factorial design. The nature (X1, concentration of starch (X2 and packing fraction (X3 were taken as independent variables and the crushing strength-friability ratio (CSFR, disintegration time (DT and dissolution time (t80 as dependent variables. Acid-modified Chinese yam starch showed a marked reduction (p<0.05 in amylose content and viscosity but increased swelling and water-binding properties. The modified starch had a faster onset and greater amount of plastic flow. Changing the binder from native to acid-modified form led to significant increases (p<0.05 in CSFR and DT but a decrease in t80. An increase in binder concentration and packing fraction gave similar results for CSFR and DT only. These results suggest that acid-modified Chinese yam starches may be useful as tablet binders when high bond strength and fast dissolution are required.

Usurpación de derechos de propiedad industrial y derechos de obtentores de variedades vegetales

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Bibiana Cala Moya

2010-12-01

Full Text Available La propiedad intelectual, específicamente la propiedad industrial, debe ser protegida cuando los derechos por ella otorgados son usurpados de manera ilícita. Por lo anterior, el Derecho penal se erige como una herramienta de coerción que busca proteger las nuevas creaciones y los signos distintivos. En este artículo se explica de manera clara y sencilla tanto los elementos objetivos del tipo penal de usurpación de derechos de propiedad industrial y derechos de obtentor de variedades vegetales existente en la legislación colombiana, así como los aspectos procesales relacionados con el mismo. Esto se logra a partir de un estudio analítico y descriptivo del tipo penal y su interpretación sistemática en relación con la normatividad especial en el campo de la propiedad industrial y la legislación procesal.

Actitudes lingüísticas en Uruguay. Tensiones entre la variedad y la identidad

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Elizabeth García de los Santos

2014-11-01

Full Text Available Resumen Este artículo analiza las actitudes lingüísticas de los hablantes nativos de español de la ciudad de Montevideo hacia al español de Uruguay y el de los otros países hispanohablantes. El artículo es parte de los resultados del Proyecto LIAS (Linguistic Identity and Attitudes in Spanish-speaking Latin America, financiado por El Consejo Noruego de Investigaciones (RCN. La recolección de los datos se realizó en la capital del país, entrevistando a una muestra de 400 informantes previamente estratificada con las variables de edad, sexo y nivel socioeconómico. Los resultados presentan el grado de identificación de los hablantes frente a su variedad del español (creencias, lealtad hacia la norma propia y las actitudes de los hablantes respecto a las variedades entendidas como de mayor o menor prestigio; se encuentran ciertas regularidades en las causas que determinan estas actitudes. El estudio analizar el grado de tolerancia a las diferencias lingüísticas de acuerdo a distintos géneros discursivos (noticias de radio y televisión, información telefónica, publicidades y los resultados muestran que el contexto y el medio de comunicación son importantes para la manera en la que el hablante reacciona al uso del lenguaje. Abstract This article analyzes the linguistic attitudes of native Spanish-speakers from Montevideo towards Spanish spoken in Uruguay and in the other Spanish-speaking countries. It is a result of the LIAS-Project (Linguistic Identity and Attitudes in Spanish-speaking Latin America, funded by The Research Council of Norway (RCN. The data were gathered in the capital of the country, interviewing a stratified sample of 400 respondents, based on the variables of age, sex and socioeconomic status. The results describe the degree of identification of the speakers with their own variety of Spanish (beliefs, loyalty to the norm and their attitudes toward linguistic varieties of high or low prestige, and the findings

Efecto del beneficiado de mezclas de variedades de arroz sobre variables de rendimiento molinero

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Manuel Zeled\\u00F3n-Grau

2007-01-01

Full Text Available Efecto del beneficiado de mezclas de variedades de arroz sobre variables de rendimiento molinero. Con el fin de determinar si las variables de rendimiento molinero del arroz (rendimiento de molino, rendimiento de arroz co mer cial e ín di ce de pi la da se afec tan cuan do una va rie dad se be ne fi cia en mez cla con otras, en el Cen tro de In vestigacio nes en Gra nos y Se mi llas (CIGRAS se eva lua ron cua tro mez clas de las tres va rie da des más uti li za das en Cos ta Ri ca en la co se cha 1999-2000 (CR-1113, CR-5272 y Se te sa-9. Otras variables analizadas fueron los por centajes de: grano quebrado, grano quebrado grueso, puntilla, semolina (salvado de arroz, se mo li na pu ra y cas carilla en la semolina. Para cada variable se calculó un índice (Im que ex presa qué tanto el va lor ob te ni do se des vió del va lor esperado para cada una de las mez clas (es pe ra do = pro me dio de los re sultados individua les para cada variedad cuando se la pro cesó sin mezclar. No se encontraron diferencias significativas entre los índices de los tra ta mien tos eva lua dos. Sin em bar go, se ob ser vó un efecto detrimental en las variables de rendimiento molinero de las mez clas en que par ti ci pó CR 5272. Con tra rio a es to, la mezcla CR-1113-Setesa-9 mostró un efecto beneficioso. Los efectos detrimentales observados con el beneficiado de las mez clas fue ron atri bui dos a una ma yor pro duc ción que la esperada de puntilla y de pedazos muy pequeños de arroz en la se mo li na. Por su par te, en la mez cla en la que se re gis tró un efecto beneficioso hubo una menor producción que la esperada de se molina pura y de quebrado grueso. La pérdida económica que causaría la mezcla más perjudicial fue estimada en $ 1 por to ne la da mé tri ca.

Optimización de los medios de propagación y enraizamiento in vitro de las variedades “criollas” de vid para elaborar pisco Optimization of media for in vitro propagation and rooting of creole grapevine varieties utilized for pisco making

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Eugenio González

2012-02-01

Full Text Available Los protocolos y medios disponibles para la propagación y enraizamiento in vitro de la vid no han sido ajustados todavía a las variedades “criollas” con las que se elabora el pisco. En este trabajo se exploró el uso de medios para la propagación de las variedades Quebranta, Negra Criolla, Albilla, Italia y Torontel, así como para el enraizamiento de las variedades Quebranta, Albilla y Torontel, a partir de los medios estándares reportados en la literatura científica. Para ello, se pusieron a prueba 11 variantes del medio estándar de propagación de vid (medio Murashige y Skoog 1X, 3% de sucrosa, 1 mg/L de benzilaminopurina y 0,8% de agar en las que se combinaron reducciones en la fuerza del medio con reducciones en la concentración de hormona. Para el enraizamiento posterior, se probaron el ácido naftalen acético y el ácido indol acético a 5 concentraciones distintas por cada hormona. Los resultados mostraron que el mejor medio para la propagación de las variedades Quebranta, Albilla e Italia es el estándar; las variedades Negra Criolla y Torontel tuvieron mejor desempeño con una reducción de la concentración de benzilaminopurina a 0,25 y 0,5 mg/L, respectivamente. El mejor enraizamiento en la variedad Quebranta ocurrió con 80 μg/L de ácido naftalen acético y 2 mg/L de ácido indol acético; las variedades Albilla y Torontel tuvieron una mejor respuesta al ácido indol acético a concentraciones de 2 y 1 mg/L, respectivamente.The protocols and culture media available for in vitro propagation and rooting of grapevine have not yet been adjusted to the creole varieties used for pisco making. In this paper we explored the use of culture media for the propagation of varieties Quebranta, Negra Criolla, Albilla, Italia and Torontel and for rooting varieties of Quebranta, Albilla and Torontel based on known standard culture media.To address this issue, 11 media derived from the standard propagation medium for grapevine (1X

Compared anatomy of Dioscorea alata L. clone Caraqueño plants cultivated in three in vitro growth environments

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Misterbino Borges García

2016-07-01

Full Text Available The in vitro conservation of Dioscorea alata L. clone Caraqueño is fundamental to guarantee the propagation and distribution of healthy plantation material to the farmers and the establishment of one in vitro bank of this clone of great agronomic and commercial value in the Oriental Region of Cuba. With the purpose of evaluating the anatomical modifications that take place in yam plants under three in vitro culture conditions: conserved plants by slow growth, regenerated plants and in plants multiplication phase in MS 75% medium, was carried out an analysis of the foliar and caulinar anatomy from transversal cuts of the foliar sheet and of the stem, and longitudinal and transversal cuts of microtubers formed during the conservation process. Smaller thickness of the mesophyll and of the epidermis in the leaves of the conserved plants were showed and the conductive sheaves area of the stem were also smaller, due to the stress process during the in vitro conservation. However during the recovery of the conserved material through the regeneration and the in vitro multiplication were reestablished to their normal state these parameters. It was also evidenced that the microtubers formed in the in vitro conservation, have reserve parenchyma with abundant starch granules, thin cortical parenchyma and conductive sheaves little developed were determined. All this characteristics indicated the presence of meristematic activity.

[Study on Rapid Micropropagation in Vitro Technique of Guangfeng Medicinal Yam (Dioscorea opposita) Plantlets].

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Yin, Ming-Hua; Xu, Zhi-Jian; Zhang, Sheng-qin; Lv, Si-Jie; Zeng, Yan-hong; Fu, You-zhang; Hong, Sen-rong

2015-11-01

In order to provide methodology reference for virus-free and germplasm conservation of Guangfeng medicinal yam (Dioscorea opposita) plantlets, rapid micropropagation in vitro technique of Guangfeng medicinal yam plantlets was studied. Using the method of plant tissue culture, single factor test and flow-cytometry, the basic procedure of Guangfeng medicinal yam tissue culture was established and the DNA content of Guangfeng medicinal yam plantlets and its potted seedlings was detected. The best disinfection procedure of stems with a bud of Guangfeng medicinal yam was washed with sterile water for three times after sterilized with 70% alcohol for 20 - 30 s and then washed with sterile water for three times again after sterilized with 0.1% mercuric chloride for 10 - 12 min; The best explants of stems with a bud of Guangfeng medicinal yam was slightly woody and more mature stems witha bud; The best proliferation culture medium of stems with a bud of Guangfeng medicinal yam was MS + 6-BA 2.0 mg/L + NAA 0.1 mg/L; The best rooting culture medium of stems with a bud of Guangfeng medicinal yam was MS + NAA 0.5 mg/L; The best culture method of Guangfeng medicinal yam plantlets was liquid culture; The best transplanting matrix of Guangfeng medicinal yam plantlets was the mixture of paddy clay and fine sand (1: 2) or the mixture of perlite and vermiculite (1: 2); The DNA content between Guangfeng medicinal yam plantlets and its potted seedlings had no significant difference. A fast and efficient micropropagation in vitro technological system of stems with a bud of Guangfeng medicinal yam is established, and the flow cytometry detect results also show the genetic stability of Guangfeng medicinal yam plantlets, whose results provide the technical and theoretical basis for the large-scale production of Guangfeng medicinal yam plantlets.

EFFECT OF FUROSTANOL GLYCOSIDES FROM CULTURED DIOSCOREA DELTOIDEA CELLS ON REGULATORY FUNCTION OF ENDOTHELIUM IN A RAT MODEL OF HYPOESTROGEN-INDUCED ENDOTHELIAL DYSFUNCTION

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E. B. Artyushkova

2008-01-01

Full Text Available Aim. To study the effects of furostanol glycosides from cultured Dioscorea Deltoidea cells (DM-05, Institute of Plant Physiology, RAS on physiological and biochemical markers of endothelial function in rats with hypoestrogen-induced endothelial dysfunction.Material and methods. 10 female rats of Wistar line, with body mass 200-300 g have been included in the experiment. The bilateral ovariectomy was performed in rats to produce the model of hypoestrogen-induced endothelial dysfunction. Rats were treated with the injections of DM-05 during 6 weeks. False ovariectomy was performed in rats of control group (n=10.Results. DM-05 restored the levels of stable metabolites of nitric oxide (NO which reflex endothelial NO-synthase activity. Besides DM-05 corrected blood pressure and endothelial function. Experiments on open heart showed that DM-05 protects the cardiac tissue from hypoestrogen-induced hyperadrenoreactivity.Conclusion. Treatment with plant origin substances with estrogen-like activity can be a perspective approach to the correction of endothelial function and decrease in cardiovascular risk in menopause women.

Volatile profile and sensory quality of new varieties of Capsicum chinense pepper Perfil de voláteis e qualidade sensorial de novas variedades de pimentas Capsicum chinense

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Deborah dos Santos Garruti

2013-02-01

Full Text Available The objective of this study was to compare the sensory quality and the volatile compound profile of new varieties of Capsicum chinense pepper (CNPH 4080 a strain of'Cumari-do-Pará' and BRS Seriema with a known commercial variety (Biquinho. Volatiles were isolated from the headspace of fresh fruit by SPME and identified by GC-MS. Pickled peppers were produced for sensory evaluation. Aroma descriptors were evaluated by Check-All-That-Apply (CATA method, and the frequency data were submitted to Correspondence Analysis. Flavor acceptance was assessed by hedonic scale and analyzed by ANOVA. BRS Seriema showed the richest volatile profile, with 55 identified compounds, and up to 40% were compounds with sweet aroma notes. CNPH 4080 showed similar volatile profile to that of Biquinho pepper, but it had higher amounts of pepper-like and green-note compounds. The samples did not differ in terms of flavor acceptance, but they showed differences in aroma quality confirming the differences found in the volatile profiles. The C. chinense varieties developed by Embrapa proved to be more aromatic than Biquinho variety, and were well accepted by the judges.O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar a qualidade sensorial e o perfil de compostos voláteis de novas variedades de pimenta Capsicum (CNPH 4080, uma linhagem de cumari-do-pará, e BRS Seriema, com uma variedade comercial (Biquinho. Voláteis foram isolados do headspace dos frutos in natura por SPME e identificados por CG-EM. Conservas das pimentas foram produzidas para a análise sensorial. Descritores do aroma foram avaliados pelo método Check-All-That-Apply (CATA e os dados de frequência submetidos à Análise de Correspondência. A aceitação do sabor das amostras foi analisada por meio de ANOVA. A BRS Seriema apresentou rico perfil de voláteis, com 53 compostos identificados, sendo que cerca de 40% deles são compostos de aroma doce. A CNPH 4080 apresentou perfil semelhante ao da pimenta Biquinho, por

Caracterización física y química de la nuez y el aceite de nueve variedades de Macadamia integrifolia, M. tetraphylla e híbridos

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Elia N. Aquino-Bolaños

2017-01-01

Full Text Available La especie Macadamia pertenece a la familia Proteacea , y las únicas especies de interés comercial son M. integrifolia y M. tetraphylla . Existe una cr eciente demanda de las nueces debido a su alto valor nutrimental y funcional ya que numerosos estudios han demostrado los efectos protectores de su consumo disminuyendo el riesgo de padecer enfermedades cardiovasculares. Sin embargo, hay una alta variabili dad en la calidad de la nuez y sus productos derivados. Método . En la nuez se registraron los parámetros de color L*, a* y b* y se analizó humedad, azúcares, polifenoles y actividad antioxidante. En el aceite se evaluó humedad, índice de saponificación, ín dice de ácidos grasos libres (AGL e índice de peróxido (IP. Resultados . La humedad de la nuez contrastó entre variedades (22.9 a 40.6 g 100 g - 1 , contrario a los parámetros de color que fueron similares (L*= 60.2 a 68.8. La variedad Victoria por su mayo r contenido de azúcares (57.5 mg glucosa g - 1 podría destinarse para consumo en fresco. UCLA y Huatusco presentaron el mayor contenido de polifenoles (>1.2 mg EAG g - 1 y actividad antioxidante (>7.0 μmol Eq. trolox g - 1 . El aceite presentó baja hum edad (≤0.22% y de AGL; además, el IP fue inferior al límite permitido para aceites vegetales vírgenes (15 m Eq. O 2 kg - 1 . Conclusión . De acuerdo con las características físico - químicas de la nuez y aceite de las distintas variedades se recomienda usos di ferenciados preferentemente en la industria alimentaria.

Immunomodulatory activity of dioscorin, the storage protein of yam (Dioscorea alata cv. Tainong No. 1) tuber.

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Liu, Yen-Wenn; Shang, Huey-Fang; Wang, Chung-Kwe; Hsu, Feng-Lin; Hou, Wen-Chi

2007-11-01

The purified dioscorin from yam (Dioscorea alata L. cv. Tainong 1) tuber was previously reported (Hsu et al., 2002. J. Agric. Food Chem., 50, 6109-6113). In this report, we evaluated its immunomodulatory ability in vitro in the presence of polymyxin B (50 microg/ml) to eliminate lipopolysaccharide (LPS) contamination. Dioscorin (5-100 microg/ml) was able to stimulate nitric oxide production (expressed as nitrite concentrations) in RAW264.7 cells. The stimulation index on the phagocytosis of RAW264.7 cells against E. coli and the oxidative burst (determined by the intensity of rhodamine fluorescence) of RAW264.7 cells were both enhanced by different concentrations of dioscorin (5-100 microg/ml). The cytokine production, including IL-6, TNF-alpha, and IL-1beta in dioscorin-treated RAW264.7 cells or human monocytes, was measured in the cultured medium. Dioscorin (5-100 microg/ml) was found able to induce IL-6, TNF-alpha, and IL-1beta production in RAW264.7 cells and human monocytes. To evaluate the effects of dioscorin on the proliferation of spleen cells from BALB/c mice, phytohemagglutinin (PHA, 2 microg/ml) alone or PHA mixed with different concentrations of dioscorin (10, 25, and 50 microg/ml) was used to treat spleen cells for 24h. The stimulated proliferation index of splenic cells ranged from 1.38- to 1.48-fold of PHA alone for PHA mixed with different concentrations of dioscorin (10, 25, and 50 microg/ml). We suggest that the tuber storage protein of yam dioscorin functions as an immunomodulatory substance.

Variedades de cana-de-açúcar. VII - Série de ensaios realizados no período de 1959 a 1962 Sugar cane variety trials in the State of São Paulo during the period 1959-1962

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A. L. Segalla

1967-01-01

Full Text Available São apresentados os resultados obtidos em uma série de experiências efetuadas em 1959/62, com a finalidade de determinar as variedades mais recomendáveis para plantio, dentre as que se encontravam em cultivo, no Estado de São Paulo, na ocasião. As experiências foram plantadas em sete usinas compreendendo diversos tipos de solo. Foram estudadas 17 variedades, em um delineamento em "lattice" quadrado, 4x4 com 5 repetições, em que se efetuaram três cortes: cana-planta, soca e ressoca. De cada localidade foi excluída uma variedade. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que além das variedades Co 419 e CB 41/76 podem também ser cultivadas as seguintes: CB 49/260, CB 41/70, CB 41/14, N:Co 293, CB 47/15, CB 38/22 e CB 40/35.A series of sugar cane variety trials was carried out from 1959 to 1962, at the following localities in the State of São Paulo: 1 Usina São Martinho, Pradópolis, on terra-roxa soil type; 2 Fazenda Santa Clementina, Araras, and Usina Diamante, Jaú, both on terra-roxa-misturada soil; 3 Usina Itaiquara, Tapiratiba, on massapê-salmourão soil and 4 Usina Miranda, Presidente Alves, on Arenito de Bauru soil. Seventeen varieties were compared in lattice square, 4x4, with 5 replications. In each locality was excluded one variety. Three harvests (plant cane and two stubbles were made in each test. The results indicated that besides the varieties Co 419 and CB 41/76 also can be planted the following: CB 49/260, CB 41/70, CB 41/14, N:Co 293, CB 47/15, CB 38/22 and CB 40/35.

Response of micropropagated sugarcane varieties to inoculation with endophytic diazotrophic bacteria Resposta da inoculação com bactérias diazotróficas endofíticas em duas variedades micropropagadas de cana-de-açúcar

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André Luiz Martinez de Oliveira

2003-11-01

Full Text Available Previous studies estimated that sugarcane could obtain up to 60% of total nitrogen accumulated from BNF. Here a mixture of five endophytic diazotrophic strains was tested in a field trial, inoculated in two micropropagated sugarcane varieties and three locals, to determine the effects on commercial crop conditions. The sugarcane plantlets were inoculated in vitro, and after 17 months of growing in the field, the productivity and BNF contribution showed to be influenced by the plant genotype and soil type. The highest BNF contributions was observed in the poorest soil for both varieties. Smaller increases in productivity were observed for SP 701143 variety grown in soil with low or medium fertility. In contrast, a decrease in the stem productivity was observed in the SP 813250 variety grown in the three localities.Experimentos anteriores estimaram que a cana-de-açúcar pode obter até 60% do N acumulado via fixação biológica de nitrogênio (FBN. Neste trabalho, os efeitos da inoculação da mistura de cinco espécies de bactérias diazotróficas endofíticas foram testados em duas variedades de cana-de-açúcar micropropagadas, sob condições de campo. Após 17 meses de crescimento, a produtividade e a FBN apresentaram influência do genótipo vegetal e da localidade de cultivo. As maiores contribuições via FBN foram observadas no solo de menor fertilidade, para ambas variedades de cana-de-açúcar. Pequenos aumentos de produtividade foram observados para a variedade SP 701143 nos solos de baixa e média fertilidade. Por outro lado, a inoculação na variedade SP 813250 apresentou decréscimo de produtividade nos três tipos de solo testados.

Ensaios de variedades de amendoim: III - Décima e décima-primeira séries de ensaios Peanut variety trials: III

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Vicente Canecchio Filho

1957-01-01

Full Text Available No presente trabalho são relatadas experiências com 16 variedades de amendoim (Arachis hypogaea, L., recebidas dos Estados Unidos da América do Norte, do Congo Belga e de várias regiões do Brasil. Essas experiências, em número de oito, das quais três pertencentes à décima série (ano agrícola de 1953/54 e cinco compreendendo a décima-primeira série (ano agrícola de 1954/55, foram executadas nas localidades de Campinas, Ribeirão Prêto, Pindorama, Presidente Prudente e Tatuí, no Estado de São Paulo. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que, para as condições em que foram realizados os ensaios, as variedades Paulista-269, Bandeirante-263, Brasília-265, Centenário-264 e Tatuí-76, sobressairam-se das demais, notadamente a primeira, que, de um modo geral, foi bem classificada em todas as localidades, não só em relação à produção como pelo alto teor em óleo, nos frutos. A variedade Tatu-53 (testemunha, ainda bastante cultivada no Estado, classificou-se entre as piores. As maiores produções foram obtidas em terra arenosa. Nas terras roxa e roxa-misturada, também se conseguiram boas produções. Já na região representada pela terra massapê as produções foram fracas, confirmando os resultados dos anos anteriores.This paper reports the results obtained from field tests with sexteen peanut varieties received from the United States of America, Belgium Congo and several Brazilian regions. Eight experiments were conducted in the following counties of the State of São Paulo: Campinas, Ribeirão Preto, Pindorama, Presidente Prudente and Tatuí. Yield data showed the varieties Paulista-269, Bandeirante-263, Brasilia-265, Centenário-264 and Tatui-76 to prove better, particularly the first one, that ranked good classification in every locality as far as seed production and oil content of the seeds are concerned. Variety Tatu-53 which still widespreads all over the State, was one of the least yielders. The highest yields were

PRODUCCIÓN DE TRES VARIEDADES DE Pennisetum purpureum FERTILIZADAS CON DOS DIFERENTES FUENTES NITROGENADAS EN YUCATÁN, MÉXICO

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Ramos Trejo O

2013-01-01

Full Text Available El objetivo del trabajo fue evaluar el rendimiento (t MS ha-1 año-1 y porcentaje de proteína cruda (calidad nutritiva del pasto King grass (KNG y los clones Cubanos OM-22 y CT-115, fertilizadas con dos fuentes nitrogenadas. Las parcelas se establecieron con varetas de material vegetativo de 25 cm de largo con dos a tres yemas en surcos a 10 cm de profundidad. El marco de siembra fue de 0.5 m entre plantas y 1.0 m entre hileras con orientación de Este a Oeste. Se utilizó Urea y Agua Residual Porcina (ARP como fuentes de nitrógeno (N a dosis de 300 Kg de N ha-1 año-1. Se encontró diferencia significativa (p<0.05 en producción de materia seca (MS entre las tres variedades de forraje, el mayor rendimiento fue para el OM-22 con 155 y 160 t MS ha-1 año -1 con el uso de Urea y ARP, respectivamente. Se observó la misma tendencia con KNG con rendimiento de 131 a 140 t de MS ha-1 año-1. Las variedades OM-22, CT-115 y KNG fueron diferentes estadísticamente (p<0.05 al tratamiento testigo. No se observó efecto en la composición química por la aplicación de N. Se obtuvieron valores entre 8 y 12 % de proteína cruda (PC en los tres ecotipos. Se concluye que la fertilización con las dos fuentes nitrogenadas (Urea y ARP mejora la producción de forraje en los tres ecotipos evaluados.

Empleo del método de secado convectivo combinado para la deshidratación de papaya (Carica papaya L.), variedad Maradol roja

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Sahylin Muñiz Becerá; Antihus Hernández Gómez; Annia García Pereira; Lilia Méndez Lagunas

2013-01-01

La presente investigación tiene como objetivo evaluar el método de secado convectivo de papaya (Carica papaya L.) variedad Maradol roja, combinado con la aplicación de pretratamientos de osmosis (DOSC) y escaldado simple (ESSC), mediante el efecto de los factores tecnológi- cos del secador: temperatura (40 y 60oC) y velocidad del flujo de aire (2,5 y 1,5 m/s) sobre el comportamiento de las propiedades de calidad de la fruta deshidratada y la cinética del proceso. El pretratamiento de escaldad...

"Titán" y "Regio", variedades de pasto Buffel (Pennisetum ciliare) (L.) Link para zonas áridas y semiáridas

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Beltrán López, Sergio; García Díaz, Carlos Alberto; Loredo Osti, Catarina; Urrutia Morales, Jorge; Hernández Alatorre, José Antonio; Gámez Vázquez, Héctor Guillermo

2017-01-01

RESUMEN: El pasto buffel (Pennisetum ciliare) es una gramínea perenne, originaria de Sud África, de buen valor forrajero que se adapta bien a una amplia gama de suelos y condiciones climáticas. Las variedades de pasto buffel Titán y buffel Regio provienen de colectas realizadas en el centro y norte de México. Fueron evaluadas en zonas áridas y semiáridas, en temporal y riego desde 1986 hasta la obtención del registro en el año 2008. Los registros definitivos otorgados por parte del Sistema Na...

Propiedades físico-mecánicas del fruto y del sistema fruto-pedúnculo del café variedad Colombia.

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Alvarez Tobón Elizabeth

1999-12-01

Full Text Available En el Centro Nacional de Investigación de café CENICAFE, se estudió para café cereza variedad Colombia de frutos amarillos y rojos, de 2,3 y 4 años en estado de maduración verde, pintón y maduro, las propiedades físicas y mecánicas del sistema fruto-pedúnculo: dimensiones de los frutos, peso, momento de inercia con respecto a los tres ejes(x, y, z, longitud, diámetro y rigidez del pedúnculo, fuerza de tracción y momentos flectores y torsores necesarios para el desprendimiento de los frutos.

Revelando el origen de la variedad de vid ‘Bonarda’ cultivada en Argentina a través del empleo de marcadores moleculares microsatélites

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De Rosas, María Inés; Martínez, Liliana

2009-01-01

‘Bonarda’ es una variedad de vid que en Argentina se cultiva principalmente en las provincias de Mendoza y San Juan, representa el segundo cepaje tinto en superficie nacional cultivada y es considerada con gran potencial para la elaboración de vinos tintos de alta calidad. Existe incertidumbre respecto a su origen en el país. La descripción ampelográfica de la ‘Bonarda’ cultivada en Argentina remarca gra...

Comportamento sazonal do potencial hídrico e das trocas gasosas de quatro variedades de coqueiro-anão Seasonal performance of water potential and gas exchange in four varietes of dwarf coconut

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Cíntia Dória Passos

2005-08-01

Full Text Available Avaliou-se o curso diurno e sazonal do potencial hídrico e das trocas gasosas foliares do coqueiro-anão (Cocos nucifera L. sob condições de campo, no município de Ilha das Flores-SE. As quatro variedades estudadas (Anão Vermelho de Camarões - AVC, Anão Vermelho de Gramame - AVG, Anão Amarelo de Gramame - AAG e Anão Verde de Jiqui - AveJ reduziram drasticamente a condutância estomática (gs no período seco. Sob estiagem, os valores de transpiração (E e fotossíntese líquida (A foram reduzidos principalmente nas variedades AVG e AVeJ, as quais apresentaram aumento significativo nos valores de eficiência intrínseca do uso da água (A/gs, principalmente o AVeJ. Na estação chuvosa, as trocas gasosas foram condicionadas pela densidade de fluxo de fótons fotossinteticamente ativos (DFFFA e pela gs. No entanto, durante a estação seca, as trocas gasosas foram condicionadas somente pelos valores de gs, sendo os valores de DFFFA não-limitantes desde as primeiras horas do dia. A variedade AVC apresentou pouca eficiência no controle da perda de água pela transpiração sob condições de estresse hídrico, atingindo os valores mais negativos do potencial hídrico foliar, mantendo, todavia, a fotossíntese líquida mais elevada durante o curso diurno. Por outro lado, o AVeJ controlou eficientemente a transpiração e, mesmo com menores valores de A, apresentou a maior razão A/gs que as demais variedades. Em cultivo tecnificado, como ocorre nos perímetros irrigados, a variedade AVC deverá manter um balanço de carbono mais favorável durante todo o ano, apresentando-se como uma variedade muito promissora.Leaf gas exchange and water potential (psil were assessed daily and seasonaly in four varieties of dwarf coconut (Cocos nuficera L. under field conditions: Cameroon Red Dwarf (CRD, Gramame Red Dwarf (GRD, Gramame yellow Dwarf (GYD and Jiqui Green Dwarf (JGD. All varieties showed strong reduction of stomatal conductance (gs values in

Pegamento da enxertia em diferentes combinações de variedades e espécies utilizadas como copa e como porta-enxertos de maracujazeiro

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Givanildo Roncatto

2011-09-01

Full Text Available O Brasil é o maior produtor de maracujá. Mas, apesar da posição de destaque, a vida útil do maracujazeiro vem sendo reduzida, principalmente, devido aos danos causados por doenças do sistema radicular. A enxertia com espécies nativas e resistentes a doenças apresenta-se como alternativa de produção. Com isso, objetivou-se avaliar o pegamento da enxertia nas combinações de variedades-copa e espécies de porta-enxertos de maracujazeiro. O trabalho foi desenvolvido em viveiro telado (50% de sombreamento, na Embrapa Acre, em Rio Branco-AC, entre setembro e dezembro de 2007. A variedade-copa utilizada para todos os tratamentos foi o maracujazeiro-amarelo 'FB 100' e 'FB 200' do viveiro Flora Brasil (Araguari-MG e outras 5 variedades regionais (UFAC-Universidade Federal do Acre, Rio Branco-AC, e os porta-enxertos foram Passiflora edulis Sims (maracujazeiro-amarelo (acesso Cuiabá-MT, P. alata, P. edulis (maracujazeiro-roxo e P. quadrangularis (acesso Guiratinga-MT, P. serrato-digitata (acesso IAC-Campinas-SP. As sementes foram previamente embebidas em água destilada por cerca de 24 h e posteriormente semeadas em tubetes plásticos (25x5cm com substrato Plantmax@. O método de enxertia utilizado foi o de fenda cheia no topo hipocotiledonar, tendo os porta-enxertos as seguintes características: três folhas verdadeiras e altura de plântula variável (6 a 8cm, 30 a 90 dias após a semeadura. Decapitaram-se as plântulas na altura dos cotilédones com lâmina de aço, as quais foram mergulhadas em água sanitária a 70%, a cada enxertia realizada. Os enxertos foram obtidos de plântula inteira, com cerca de 10 cm de comprimento, fazendo-se a limpeza das folhas. As combinações de melhor desempenho em relação ao pegamento da enxertia foram UFAC 07 sobre P. edulis (maracujazeiro-roxo e P. alata, UFAC 38 sobre P. edulis (maracujazeiro-amarelo, P. edulis (maracujazeiro-roxo e P. alata, UFAC 64 sobre P. serrato-digitata, com 100% de pegamento

Characterization of sour (Prunus cerasus L. and sweet cherry (Prunus avium L. varieties with five isozyme systems Caracterização de variedades de ginjeira (Prunus cerasus L. e cerejeira (Prunus avium L. em cinco sistemas isoenzimáticos

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Remedios Morales Corts

2008-03-01

Full Text Available Extracts from young leaves of nine sweet cherry (Prunus avium L. and eight sour cherry (Prunus cerasus L. varieties, located in the germplasm collection of the 'Direção Regional de Agricultura da Beira Interior' (Fundão, Portugal, were analysed for five isozyme systems in order to characterise these varieties and detect problems of synonymies and homonymies that frequently present. The sweet and sour cherry varieties analyzed showed low isoenzymatic polymorphism, being PGM and PGI the systems with the highest discrimination power. These systems presented seven and five different zymogrames, respectively. IDH showed four patterns. SKDH and 6-PGD grouped the varieties only into two patterns. The evident and discriminant restrictions of this type of analysis had got results that have only been a complement for agronomical and morphological characterization.Nove extratos de folhas com desenvolvimento encompleto foram obtidos de 9 variedades de cerejeira (Prunus avium L. e 8 de ginjeira (Prunus cerasus L., localizados no campo de germoplasma da "Direcção Regional de Agricultura da Beira Interior" (Fundão, Portugal. Esses extratos foram analisados para 5 sistemas isoenzimáticos a fim de caracterizar essas variedades e simultaneamente detectar sinonímias e homonímias, freqüentes neste tipo de estudos. As variedades de cerejeira e ginjeira analisadas mostraram baixo polimorfismo isoenzimático, sendo que os sistemas PGM e PGI mostraram maior poder de discriminação. Estes sistemas apresentaram 7 e 5 zimogramas diferentes, respectivamente. IDH mostrou 4 padrões. SKDH e 6-PGD agruparam as variedades em 2 padrões. Os evidentes limites discriminatórios desse tipo de análise serviram somente de complemento para a caracterização agronômica e morfológica.

PROPIEDADES FÍSICO-QUÍMICAS Y PARÁMETROS DE CALIDAD PARA USO INDUSTRIAL DE CUATRO VARIEDADES DE PAPA

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Jorge Hasbún

2009-01-01

Full Text Available Se comparó el contenido de sólidos totales, almidón, azúcares reductores y la gravedad específica de 3 variedades promisorias de papa de reciente introducción en Costa Rica (MNF-41, MNF-72 y MNF-80 y de la tradicional Floresta mediante análisis gravimétricos y espectrofotométricos. El color y la textura en bastones de papa prefrita congelada, como producto terminado, y papa tostada, fueron evaluados instrumentalmente. Para el contenido de grasa se utilizó el método de Soxhlet. La MNF-80 mostró el contenido mayor de sólidos totales y almidón, con 23,1 y 20,8%, respectivamente; y Floresta los contenidos más bajos con 15,9% y 13,4%, respectivamente. Existe una correlación (R2=0,97 del contenido de sólidos totales con la gravedad específica de los materiales. La MNF-80 presentó el porcentaje menor de azúcares reductores con 0,076%; mientras que MNF-41 y MNF-72 presentaron 1,142 y 1,384%, respectivamente. En los bastones de papa prefrita congelada, el porcentaje mayor de grasa se encontró en la MNF-80 y el menor en las MNF-72 y Floresta. No se observó diferencias en el scurecimiento y textura entre variedades. En las papas tostadas la MNF-80 presentó un contenido menor de grasa y de grado de oscurecimiento. Las hojuelas elaboradas a partir de la MNF-72 y la MNF-80 mostraron valores de firmeza mayores. En la absorción de grasa, hubo un comportamiento distinto según el producto elaborado; en los bastones de papa prefrita congelados de la MNF- 72 y Floresta, la absorción de grasa en el producto terminado fue menor, mientras que en las papas tostadas los contenidos de grasa menores se obtuvieron con la MNF-80.

Characterization of the Dioscorin Gene Family in Dioscorea alata Reveals a Role in Tuber Development and Environmental Response.

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Liu, Linya; Huang, Yacheng; Huang, Xiaolong; Yang, Jianghua; Wu, Wenqiang; Xu, Yun; Cong, Ziwen; Xie, Jun; Xia, Wei; Huang, Dongyi

2017-07-20

Dioscorin is one of the major soluble proteins in yam tubers. Unlike other well-known plant storage proteins, such as patatin and sporamin, dioscorin is argued for its function as storage proteins, and the molecular mechanisms underlying its expressional complexity are little understood. In this study, we isolated five dioscorin genes from Dioscorea alata L., comprising three class A ( Da-dio1 , - 3 and - 4 ) and two class B ( Da-dio2 and - 5 ) isoforms. Expressions of all dioscorin genes gradually decreased in mother tubers during yam sprouting and regrowth. On the other hand, all dioscorin genes accumulated transcripts progressively with tuber development in new tubers, with Da-dio5 being the most prominent isoform. In yam leaves, the expressions of Da-dio 5 were up-regulated by the treatments of five phytohormones (gibberellic acid, salicylic acid, indole-3-acetic acid, abscisic acid, and ethylene), and three abiotic stresses (high-temperature, low-temperature and drought). To further elucidate the regulatory mechanisms of Da-dio5 expressions, transgenic Arabidopsis plants harboring the Da-dio5 promoter-β-glucuronidase (GUS) fusion were generated. GUS staining showed that expressions of the Da-dio5 promoter were detected mainly in the shoot apical meristem (SAM) and hypocotyls, and enhanced by the treatments of the five hormones, and the three abiotic stresses mentioned above. These results suggest diverse roles of Da-dio5 in yam sprouting, regrowth, and tuberization, as well as in response to enviromental cues.

Phytochemical Analysis and Free Radical Scavenging Activity of Medicinal Plants Gnidia glauca and Dioscorea bulbifera

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Ghosh, Sougata; Derle, Abhishek; Ahire, Mehul; More, Piyush; Jagtap, Soham; Phadatare, Suvarna D.; Patil, Ajay B.; Jabgunde, Amit M.; Sharma, Geeta K.; Shinde, Vaishali S.; Pardesi, Karishma; Dhavale, Dilip D.; Chopade, Balu A.

2013-01-01

Gnidia glauca and Dioscorea bulbifera are traditional medicinal plants that can be considered as sources of natural antioxidants. Herein we report the phytochemical analysis and free radical scavenging activity of their sequential extracts. Phenolic and flavonoid content were determined. Scavenging activity was checked against pulse radiolysis generated ABTS•+ and OH radical, in addition to DPPH, superoxide and hydroxyl radicals by biochemical methods followed by principal component analysis. G. glauca leaf extracts were rich in phenolic and flavonoid content. Ethyl acetate extract of D. bulbifera bulbs and methanol extract of G. glauca stem exhibited excellent scavenging of pulse radiolysis generated ABTS•+ radical with a second order rate constant of 2.33×106 and 1.72×106, respectively. Similarly, methanol extract of G. glauca flower and ethyl acetate extract of D. bulbifera bulb with second order rate constants of 4.48×106 and 4.46×106 were found to be potent scavengers of pulse radiolysis generated OH radical. G. glauca leaf and stem showed excellent reducing activity and free radical scavenging activity. HPTLC fingerprinting, carried out in mobile phase, chloroform: toluene: ethanol (4: 4: 1, v/v) showed presence of florescent compound at 366 nm as well as UV active compound at 254 nm. GC-TOF-MS analysis revealed the predominance of diphenyl sulfone as major compound in G. glauca. Significant levels of n-hexadecanoic acid and octadecanoic acid were also present. Diosgenin (C27H42O3) and diosgenin (3á,25R) acetate were present as major phytoconstituents in the extracts of D. bulbifera. G. glauca and D. bulbifera contain significant amounts of phytochemicals with antioxidative properties that can be exploited as a potential source for herbal remedy for oxidative stress induced diseases. These results rationalize further investigation in the potential discovery of new natural bioactive principles from these two important medicinal plants. PMID:24367520

Características morfológicas e fitossanitárias de variedades de roseira na etapa de classificação Morphological and fitossanitary characteristics in rose varieties on classification stage

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Beatriz Meireles Barguil

2010-07-01

Full Text Available A qualidade da haste floral de roseira é afetada por inúmeros defeitos, como botão pequeno ou presença de doenças e ferimentos. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar as características morfológicas (comprimento e retidão da haste e do botão floral e fitossanitárias (incidência de míldio, oídio, mofo cinzento e dano causado por lagarta de sete variedades de roseira cultivadas em ambiente protegido. As características foram observadas em três avaliações. O comprimento médio de haste floral variou de 56,1 a 83,3cm, enquanto que o comprimento médio dos botões variou de 4,7 a 5,2cm. Foram observados sintomas de míldio, oídio, mofo cinzento e injúria causada por lagarta nas hastes florais, sendo o oídio o principal problema fitossanitário observado, tendo afetado de 2,9 a 41,3% das hastes, dependendo da variedade. Cerca de 70% das hastes de cada variedade apresentaram características do tipo de C ou D durante a etapa de classificação. Esses resultados reforçam a necessidade da avaliação das diversas características das variedades adquiridas, antes da implementação do cultivo comercial.The quality of the rose's floral stem can be affected by numerous faults as small button or diseases and injuries. This study aimed to evaluate the morphological (length and rightness of stem and rose bud and fitossanitary (downy mildew, powdery mildew, gray mold and caterpillar damage characteristics in seven varieties of rose grown in a greenhouse. The characteristics were analyzed three times. The average length of floral stems ranged from 56.1 to 83.3cm, while the average length of buttons ranged from 4.7 to 5.2cm in the varieties evaluated. Symptoms of downy mildew, powdery mildew, gray mold and damage caused by caterpillar were observed, although powdery mildew were the main problem witch affect from 2,9 to 41,3% of floral stems. About 70% of the stems of all varieties showed characteristics of type C or D during the

Efecto de la temperatura y concentración sobre las propiedades reológicas de la pulpa de mango variedad Tommy Atkins

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Fabián Alberto Ortega Quintana

2015-12-01

Full Text Available El mango Tommy Atkins es una de las variedades más explotadas en la industria y comercialización mundial. Es valorado por su larga vida útil y poca degradación en la manipulación y transporte. El rendimiento de la pulpa es alto, entre 60 y 75% del peso total del fruto, y es utilizada en la industria de refrescos, néctares, compotas y concentrados de pulpas. En este artículo se muestran los resultados del estudio del comportamiento y los parámetros reológicos de la pulpa concentrada de mango (Mangifera indica L. variedad Tommy Atkins en el rango de temperatura 15-60°C y en el rango de concentración 15-30°Brix. Para esto, fue utilizado un viscosímetro Brookfi eld Modelo DV-II+Pro (R. La pulpa de mango presentó un comportamiento no Newtoniano seudoplástico a todas las temperaturas y concentraciones evaluadas. La relación entre el esfuerzo de corte y la velocidad de cizalla fue modelada por la Ley de Potencia o modelo de Ostwald de Waele. Los modelos de Arrhenius y la ecuación de potencia fueron ajustados adecuadamente a los datos de la viscosidad aparente de la pulpa con respecto a la temperatura y la concentración. Los valores encontrados permitirán mejorar el diseño de equipos de transporte y tratamiento térmico de la pulpa del mango Tommy Atkins.

Ensaio de vinificação: influência da mistura de variedades de uva, sôbre a qualidade do vinho Wine fermentation: the blending of grape varieties to improve wine quality

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Odette Zardetto de Toledo

1959-01-01

Full Text Available Foram realizados ensaios de vinificação, para observar a influência da associação de variedades de uvas cultivadas no Estado de São Paulo, sôbre a melhoria da qualidade do vinho. As uvas empregadas no ensaio foram das variedades Seibel 2 e Seibel 10096. A mistura dos mostos constituída de 70% da var. Seibel 10096 e 30% da var. Seibel 2 foi a que apresentou melhores resultados.The musts of two grape varieties (Seibel 2 and Seibel 10.096 raised in the State of S. Paulo were blended in different percentages to observe their influence on the wine quality. The variety Seibel 2 produces wines of very poor quality. A must composed of 50% Seibel 2 and 50% Seibel 10.096 produced a much better wine. The most remarkable improvement was obtained through the fermentation of a must composed of 70% Seibel 10.096 and 30% Seibel 2.

Parâmetros de estrusão para produção de "snacks" de farinha de cará (Dioscorea alata

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Alves Rosa Maria Lima

2002-01-01

Full Text Available Farinha de cará (Dioscorea alata foi processada em extrusor mono-rosca, para a manufatura de "snacks". Foi empregada a Metodologia de Superfície de Resposta para avaliar os efeitos da umidade (16, 20 e 24%, temperatura (120, 150 e 180masculineC e diâmetro da matriz (3, 4 e 5mm nas características dos extrusados. A temperatura foi a variável mais importante, influenciando todas as propriedades estudadas. O volume específico e o comprimento específico aumentaram quando a temperatura aumentou e a umidade e o diâmetro da matriz diminuíram, enquanto, ao mesmo tempo, fraturabilidade e dureza diminuíram. A expansão diminuiu, quando a temperatura aumentou de 120 para 180masculineC. Foram selecionadas duas condições experimentais que possibilitavam obter "snacks" com propriedades desejáveis (alto volume específico e baixa dureza e fraturabilidade e os produtos foram avaliados por equipes sensoriais não treinadas. Estas apontaram que o melhor produto foi aquele extrusado com um teor de umidade de 17%, a 170masculineC, com uma matriz de 4mm de abertura. Este produto obteve um índice de aceitabilidade de 80%, quando avaliado por 140 consumidores.

Produção de fôlhas de diferentes variedades de amoreiras, durante o período de formação das mudas nos sistemas de cepo e fuste Leaf production of different mulberry tree varieties, during the period of seedlings formation by the systems "cepo" and "fuste"

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António Castilho Rúbia

1966-01-01

Full Text Available São apresentados resultados experimentais da produção de fôlhas em amoreiras de variedades comuns, durante o período de formação das mudas, com os sistemas denominados de cepo e fuste, em duas regiões, Limeira e Tatuí, do planalto paulista. Os resultados quanto à produção de fôlhas, em dois anos em cada região, permitiram as conclusões: Em Limeira, para a variedade Calabreza, o sistema de fuste foi muito superior ao de cepo. Para as variedades Fernão Dias e Lopes Lins, o sistema de fuste foi também superior, porém, de forma menos acentuada. Em Tatuí, no caso das variedades Calabreza e Fernão Dias, o sistema de cepo mostrou-se, ao contrário, mais produtivo. Para a variedade Lopes Lins, não houve diferença entre os dois sistemas de cultivo experimentados.In this paper the experimental results are reported on trials with leaf production carried out with common varieties of mulberry trees (Morus albaduring the period of seedlings formatioin by the systems known as "cepo" and "fuste", in two regions of the Paulista Plateau, namely Limeira and Tatuí. Regarding leaf production, in two years, for the regions, results allowed to reach the following conclusions: In Limeira, for the variety Calabreza, the system "fuste" showed highly superior to that named "cepo". As to the varieties Fernão Dias and Lopes Lins, the "fuste" system was also very satisfactory but not in a remarkable manner. In Tatui, as for the varieties Calabreza and Fernão Dias, the "cepo" system, on the contrary, showed to be more productive. Considering the variety Lopes Lins, there was not found any difference between the two tested cultivation systems.

Asada-Halliwell pathway maintains redox status in Dioscorea alata tuber which helps in germination.

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Sharma, Shruti; Sehrawat, Ankita; Deswal, Renu

2016-09-01

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) are important regulatory molecules governing physiological processes. In the present study a biochemical and proteome level comparison of two contrasting growth stages of Dioscorea alata tuber namely germinating and mature tuber was performed in order to understand the tuber physiology and biochemistry. Existence of all the component enzymes [APx (ascorbate peroxidase), GR (glutathione reductase), DHAR (dehydroascorbate reductase), MDHAR (mono-dehydroascorbate reductase)] and major products [ascorbate (ASC) and glutathione (GSH)] of the cycle showed an operational Asada-Halliwell cycle in the tuber. A 2.65 fold increase in ASC content & a 3.8 fold increase in GR activity fortified the redox milieu during germination. In contrast a 5 fold higher H2O2 content (due to 3.08 fold lower APx activity) and accumulation of reactive nitrogen species (RNS) such as nitric oxide (NO, 2.4-fold) and S-nitrosothiol (SNO, 2.08 fold) contributed to overall oxidative conditions in the mature tuber. The carbonic anhydrase (CA, 7.5 fold), DHAR (5.31 fold) and MDHAR (7 fold) activities were higher in the germinating tuber in comparison with the mature tuber. GSNO negatively regulated the CA (3.6 & 3.95 fold), MDHAR (7.5 & 1.5 fold) and APx (2.3 & 1.81 fold) while another NO donor, CysNO negatively regulated the DHAR (2.24 & 1.32 fold) activity in the mature and germinating stages respectively indicating again that the lesser inhibition by NO (via nitrosylation) may be because of overall reducing environment in the germinating tuber. Increased SNO leading to S-nitrosylation of dioscorin was confirmed by Biotin switch assay. This is the first report showing dioscorin nitrosylation. The present analysis showed differential redox regulation and also suggests the physiological relevance of CA, DHAR, MDHAR, APx & GR in tuber germination for the first time. These enzymes may be used as potential markers of tuber germination in future. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier

Evaluation of the transporter-mediated herb-drug interaction potential of DA-9801, a standardized dioscorea extract for diabetic neuropathy, in human in vitro and rat in vivo.

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Song, Im-Sook; Kong, Tae Yeon; Jeong, Hyeon-Uk; Kim, Eun Nam; Kwon, Soon-Sang; Kang, Hee Eun; Choi, Sang-Zin; Son, Miwon; Lee, Hye Suk

2014-07-17

Drug transporters play important roles in the absorption, distribution, and elimination of drugs and thereby, modulate drug efficacy and toxicity. With a growing use of poly pharmacy, concurrent administration of herbal extracts that modulate transporter activities with drugs can cause serious adverse reactions. Therefore, prediction and evaluation of drug-drug interaction potential is important in the clinic and in the drug development process. DA-9801, comprising a mixed extract of Dioscoreae rhizoma and Dioscorea nipponica Makino, is a new standardized extract currently being evaluated for diabetic peripheral neuropathy in a phase II clinical study. The inhibitory effects of DA-9801 on the transport functions of organic cation transporter (OCT)1, OCT2, organic anion transporter (OAT)1, OAT3, organic anion transporting polypeptide (OATP)1B1, OATP1B3, P-glycoprotein (P-gp), and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) were investigated in HEK293 or LLC-PK1 cells. The effects of DA-9801 on the pharmacokinetics of relevant substrate drugs of these transporters were also examined in vivo in rats. DA-9801 inhibited the in vitro transport activities of OCT1, OCT2, OAT3, and OATP1B1, with IC50 values of 106, 174, 48.1, and 273 μg/mL, respectively, while the other transporters were not inhibited by 300 μg/mL DA-9801. To investigate whether this inhibitory effect of DA-9801 on OCT1, OCT2, and OAT3 could change the pharmacokinetics of their substrates in vivo, we measured the pharmacokinetics of cimetidine, a substrate for OCT1, OCT2, and OAT3, and of furosemide, a substrate for OAT1 and OAT3, by co-administration of DA-9801 at a single oral dose of 1,000 mg/kg. Pre-dose of DA-9801 5 min or 2 h prior to cimetidine administration decreased the Cmax of cimetidine in rats. However, DA-9801 did not affect the elimination parameters such as half-life, clearance, or amount excreted in the urine, suggesting that it did not inhibit elimination process of cimetidine, which is

Desenvolvimento Inicial de Duas Variedades de Cana-de-açúcar Inoculadas com Bactérias Diazotróficas

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Valfredo Almeida Chaves

2015-12-01

Full Text Available RESUMO A cana-de-açúcar é uma cultura de grande destaque na economia, em razão da produção de açúcar, etanol e energia. Tecnologias que possam contribuir para o aumento da produtividade e qualidade da cultura com mínimos danos ao meio ambiente são necessárias. Objetivou-se avaliar a produção de ácido indol acético de cinco estirpes de bactérias diazotróficas e o efeito da inoculação delas na brotação de duas variedades de cana-de-açúcar, RB867515 e IACSP95-5000. A produção de auxina foi determinada pelo teste colorimétrico, usando o reagente de Salkowski. Para avaliar a germinação, foi conduzido um experimento em casa de vegetação, utilizando-se delineamento experimental em blocos ao acaso com quatro repetições e sete tratamentos: controle não inoculado; inoculação mista com as cinco estirpes e inoculação individual com Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus (Gd estirpe BR11281T(PAL-5T, Herbaspirillum seropedicae (Hs - BR11335 = HRC54, Herbaspirillum rubrisubalbicans (Hr - BR11504 = HCC103, Burkholderia tropica (Bt - BR11366T = PPe 8 T e Azospirillum amazonense (Aa - BR11145 = CBAMc. As bactérias mais eficientes na produção de auxina foram Hs e Hr, declinando 48 h após o crescimento. Hr, Aa e Bt aumentaram o índice de velocidade de germinação e o número de brotações nas duas variedades. Na var. RB867515, a velocidade de germinação ainda foi positivamente influenciada pela inoculação mista, sendo o mesmo observado pela inoculação de Gd na var. IACSP95-5000.

Potent effects of the total saponins from Dioscorea nipponica Makino against streptozotocin-induced type 2 diabetes mellitus in rats.

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Yu, Hao; Zheng, Lingli; Xu, Lina; Yin, Lianhong; Lin, Yuan; Li, Hua; Liu, Kexin; Peng, Jinyong

2015-02-01

The aim of the present paper was to investigate the effects and possible mechanisms of the total saponins from Dioscorea nipponica Makino (TSDN) against type 2 diabetes mellitus. Streptozotocin (STZ) with high-fat diet induced type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) rats were treated with TSDN. Some biochemical parameters, target proteins and genes were investigated. The results showed that TSDN decreased the levels of food/water intake, fasting blood glucose and serum lipid parameters, ameliorated oral glucose and insulin tolerance test levels, markedly increased body weight and serum insulin, reduced excess free radicals and affected ossification and renal protection. Histopathological examination indicated that TSDN increased liver glycogen, decreased the production of lipid vacuoles and lightened liver damage. Further investigation showed that TSDN down-regulated the protein expressions of NF-κB, GRP78, ATF6, eIF2 and the levels of MAPK phosphorylation and up-regulated the protein expressions of IRS-1, GLUT-4, p-Akt and p-AMPK. In addition, TSDN obviously decreased the gene expressions of TNF-a, IL-6, PEPCK, G6Pase, GSK-3β and GSK-3β activity, and increased the gene expressions of PFK, PK and GK activity. These findings show the anti-diabetic activity of total saponins from D. nipponica Makino, which should be developed as a new potent drug for treatment of diabetes mellitus in future. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Isolation and characterisation of cDNA clones representing the genes encoding the major tuber storage protein (dioscorin) of yam (Dioscorea cayenensis Lam.).

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Conlan, R S; Griffiths, L A; Napier, J A; Shewry, P R; Mantell, S; Ainsworth, C

1995-06-01

cDNA clones encoding dioscorins, the major tuber storage proteins (M(r) 32,000) of yam (Dioscorea cayenesis) have been isolated. Two classes of clone (A and B, based on hybrid release translation product sizes and nucleotide sequence differences) which are 84.1% similar in their protein coding regions, were identified. The protein encoded by the open reading frame of the class A cDNA insert is of M(r) 30,015. The difference in observed and calculated molecular mass might be attributed to glycosylation. Nucleotide sequencing and in vitro transcription/translation suggest that the class A dioscorin proteins are synthesised with signal peptides of 18 amino acid residues which are cleaved from the mature peptide. The class A and class B proteins are 69.6% similar with respect to each other, but show no sequence identity with other plant proteins or with the major tuber storage proteins of potato (patatin) or sweet potato (sporamin). Storage protein gene expression was restricted to developing tubers and was not induced by growth conditions known to induce expression of tuber storage protein genes in other plant species. The codon usage of the dioscorin genes suggests that the Dioscoreaceae are more closely related to dicotyledonous than to monocotyledonous plants.

Inoculación de Consorcios Micorrícicos Arbusculares en Coffea arabica, Variedad Caturra en la Región San Martín

OpenAIRE

Del Aguila, Karen M.; Vallejos-Torres, Geomar; Arévalo, Luis A.; Becerra, Alejandra G.

2018-01-01

Resumen El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar el efecto de nueve consorcios micorrícicos arbusculares y la inoculación a plántulas de café Coffea arabica, variedad Caturra, comparados con un control (sin inoculación), durante siete meses en vivero. El cultivo de café en la Región San Martín es una de las actividades agrícolas económicas más importantes. Una alternativa para incrementar la producción consiste en la aplicación de hongos micorrizas. Se empleó un Diseño Completamente al...

Caracterización y evaluación del tiempo de vulcanización de caucho natural colombiano obtenido de tres variedades clonales de hevea brasiliensis

OpenAIRE

Velásquez, Sandra M.; Giraldo, Diego H.

2014-01-01

En las últimas décadas se desarrollan en Colombia importantes proyectos productivos de caucho natural, pero aún hay aspectos por estudiar sobre las propiedades de los materiales producidos. En este trabajo se caracteriza mediante FTIR, DSC y TGA caucho natural obtenido de las variedades clonales FX3864, IAN710 e IAN873 predominantes en Tarazá, Antioquia, comparándolo con caucho de Guatemala SGR10 y caucho técnicamente especificado de Caquetá-Colombia. Se obtuvieron compuestos de caucho siguie...

Respuesta fisiológica del ñame espino (Dioscorea Rotundata Poir a las densidades de siembra

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Dairo J. Pérez

2015-12-01

Full Text Available Esta investigación tuvo como objetivo estudiar la respuesta fisiológica del ñame espino (Dioscorea rotundata cv. brasilero en función del incremento de las densidades de siembra, bajo la oferta ambiental del Sinú medio. El estudio se llevó a cabo en la Universidad de Córdoba (Montería, Colombia, donde se evaluaron las densidades de siembra de 45.455, 30.303, 22.727 y 10.101 plantas/ha; bajo un diseño de Bloques Completos al Azar con tres repeticiones. Las variables de respuestas consideradas fueron la fotosíntesis neta (Pn, medida en tres etapas fenológicas (vegetativa, inicio y final de tuberización; y los índices de crecimiento: tasa absoluta de crecimiento (TAC, tasa de asimilación neta (TAN, tasa relativa de crecimiento (TRC e índice de área foliar (IAF. La Pn no varió entre las densidades de siembra (p≤0,05, pero después de la etapa vegetativa, se redujo en promedio un 19,14% para el inicio y final de la tuberización. La TAC y la TRC tuvieron similar tendencia, se incrementaron desde la etapa vegetativa, pero esta última se redujo al final del cultivo. La TAN comenzó a decrecer desde la etapa vegetativa con un leve incremento al final del ciclo. El IAF se incrementó significativamente a partir de la tuberización, para las densidades de siembra superiores a 10.101 plantas/ha, alcanzando valores entre 3,08 y 4,03. Se concluye que los índices de crecimiento a excepción del IAF y la Pn, no variaron entre las densidades de siembra, probablemente por la capacidad de la especie de regular su actividad fisiológica en función de la densidad de siembra.

Enhancement in statistical and image analysis for in situ µSXRF studies of elemental distribution and co-localization, using Dioscorea balcanica

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Dučić, Tanja; Borchert, Manuela; Savić, Aleksandar; Kalauzi, Aleksandar; Mitrović, Aleksandra; Radotić, Ksenija

2013-01-01

Synchrotron-radiation-based X-ray microfluorescence has been used for in situ investigation of the distribution of micronutrient and macronutrient elements in an unstained cross section of a stem of monocotyledonous liana plant Dioscorea balcanica Košanin. The elemental allocation has been quantified and the grouping/co-localization in straight and twisted stem internodes has been analysed. Synchrotron-based X-ray microfluorescence (µSXRF) is an analytical method suitable for in situ investigation of the distribution of micronutrient and macronutrient elements in several-micrometres-thick unstained biological samples, e.g. single cells and tissues. Elements are mapped and quantified at sub-p.p.m. concentrations. In this study the quantity, distribution and grouping/co-localization of various elements have been identified in straight and twisted internodes of the stems of the monocotyledonous climber D. balcanica Košanin. Three different statistical methods were employed to analyse the macro-nutrient and micronutrient distributions and co-localization. Macronutrient elements (K, P, Ca, Cl) are distributed homogeneously in both straight and twisted internodes. Micronutrient elements are mostly grouped in the vasculature and in the sclerenchyma cell layer. In addition, co-localization of micronutrient elements is much more prominent in twisted than in straight internodes. These image analyses and statistical methods provided very similar outcomes and could be applied to various types of biological samples imaged by µSXRF

Physical and chemical characterization of the pulp of different varieties of avocado targeting oil extraction potential Caracterização física e química da polpa de diferentes variedades de abacate visando o potencial para extração de óleo

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Edinéia Dotti Mooz

2012-06-01

Full Text Available The aim of this study was to evaluate the physicochemical properties of avocado pulp of four different varieties (Avocado, Guatemala, Dickinson, and Butter pear and to identify which has the greatest potential for oil extraction. Fresh avocado pulp was characterized by moisture, protein, fat, ash, carbohydrates and energy contents were determined. The carotenoids and chlorophyll contents were determined by the organic solvent extraction method. The results showed significant differences in the composition of the fruit when varieties are compared. However, the striking feature in all varieties is high lipid content; Avocado and Dickinson are the most suitable varieties for oil extraction, taking into account moisture content and the levels of lipids in the pulp. Moreover, it could be said that the variety Dickinson is the most affected by the parameters evaluated in terms of overall quality. Chlorophyll and carotenoids, fat-soluble pigments, showed a negative correlation with respect to lipids since it could be related to its function in the fruit. The varieties Avocado and Dickinson are an alternative to oil extraction having great commercial potential to be exploited thus avoiding waste and increasing farmers’ income.O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar as características físico-químicas da polpa de abacate de quatro diferentes variedades (Avocado, Guatemala, Dicson e Manteiga, visando identificar qual possui maior potencial para extração de óleo. A polpa de abacate fresca foi caracterizada através da determinação dos teores de umidade, proteína, lipídios, cinzas, carboidratos e valor energético. Os teores de carotenoides e clorofila foram determinados através do método de extração com solvente orgânico. Os resultados mostram diferenças significativas na composição dos frutos, quando se confrontam as variedades. No entanto, a característica marcante em todas as variedades é o alto teor de lipídios, sendo as variedades

La variedad, diversidad y características de la dieta en muestras de conveniencia de mujeres guatemaltecas Food variety, dietary diversity, and food characteristics among convenience samples of Guatemalan women

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María José Soto-Méndez

2011-08-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Comparar patrones y características de diversidad y variedad de la dieta de mujeres guatemaltecas. MATERIEL Y MÉTODOS: Se realizaron dos recordatorios de 24-horas en una muestra de conveniencia de 20 mujeres rurales y 20 estudiantes urbanas. Se calcularon puntajes de diversidad usando tres sistemas de grupos alimentarios. La variedad y diversidad, así como el origen y características de la dieta, se compararon entre ambos sitios. RESULTADOS: La variedad y diversidad en general fueron mayores en la muestra urbana en comparación con la muestra rural, dependiendo del número de días y del sistema de grupos de alimentos utilizados para la evaluación. La dieta rural fue predominantemente vegetal y compuesta de alimentos tradicionales no procesados. La dieta urbana estaba basada primordialmente en alimentos procesados. CONCLUSIÓN: Las consideraciones para crear estrategias de intervención para el mejoramiento de la dieta en el área rural dependen de la conservación de la selección de alimentos tradicionales.OBJECTIVE: To compare variety and diversity patterns and dietary characteristics in Guatemalan women. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Two non-consecutive 24-h recalls were conducted in convenience samples of 20 rural Mayan women and 20 urban students. Diversity scores were computed using three food-group systems.Variety and diversity scores and dietary origin and characteristics were compared between settings using independent t-test or Mann-Whitney-U-test. RESULTS: Dietary variety and diversity were generally greater in the urban sample when compared to the rural sample, depending on the number of days and food-group system used for evaluation.The diet was predominantly plant-based and composed of non-fortified food items in both areas.The rural diet was predominantly composed of traditional,non-processed foods. The urban diet was mostly based on non-traditional and processed items. CONCLUSION: Considerations of intervention strategies

Características del análisis proximal de harinas obtenidas de frutos de plátanos variedades Papocho y Pelipita (Musa ABB Simmonds)

OpenAIRE

Pedro Juan Espitia-Pérez; Yuri Janio Pardo-Plaza; Alba Patricia Montalvo-Puente

2013-01-01

En el estudio se hizo un análisis proximal de las harinas crudas sin tratar obtenidas de frutos de las variedades de plátano Papocho y Pelipita (Musa ABB Simmonds) no comerciales en diferentes etapas de desarrollo y se analizó su posible uso como materia prima alimenticia. Los resultados comparativos mostraron que los contenidos y porcentajes de fibra cruda en Papocho variaron entre 2.54 y 1.37% y en Pelipita entre 6.45 y 0.88%, la proteína cruda en Papocho entre 6.70 y 3.81% y en Pelipita en...

Efeito da cerosidade foliar na reação de variedades de cebola (Allium cepa L. a herbicidas de pós-emergência Effect of the foliar waxiness of onion varieties (Allium cepa L. in reaction to post-emergence herbicides

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P.V. Ferreira

1982-12-01

Full Text Available Em ensaios experimentais, realizados no Departamento de Genética da Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz" da Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba - SP, verificou-se o efeito da ce rosidade foliar na reação de variedades de cebola a herbicidas de pós-emergência. Utilizaram-se variedades do grupo não ceroso, como Granex e Texas Grano, e variedades do grupo ceroso, como Baia Periforme, Barreiro SMP-IV, Red Creole e Roxa Chata SMP-IV, no 1.º ensaio; e variedades do grupo não ceroso, como Excel Bermudas 986 e Texas Grano, e variedades do grupo ceroso, como Baia Periforme, Pira Couto, Pira Dura, Pira Ouro A/R, Red Creole e Roxa Chata SMP-IV, no 2.º ensaio. Os herbicidas de pós-emergência e as doses utilizadas foram: bentazon, 0,48 kg i.a./ha e prometryne 1,60 kg i.a./ha, no 1.0 ensaio; e ácido sulfúrico (4%, bentazon 0,48 kg i.a./ha, prometryne 1,60 kg i.a./ha e diuron 1,60 kg i.a./ha, no 2: ensaio. Os resultados obtidos mostram que a cerosidade foliar é um dos mecanismos de resistência de cebola à ação de herbicidas de pós-emergência.In experimental trials, carried out in the Department of Genetic of ESALQ, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba - SP, the effect of the foliar waxiness in reaction of onion varieties at postemergence herbicides was studied. Glossy group varieties such as Granex and Texas Grano and non-glossy group varieties such as Baia Periforme, Barreiro SMP-IV, Red Creole and Roxa-Chata SMP-IV, were tested in 1st. experiment; and glossy group varieties such as Excel Bermudas 986 and Texas Grano and nonglossy group varieties such as Baia Periforme, Pira Couto, Pira Dura, Pira Ouro A/R, Red Creole and Roxa Chata SMP-IV, in 2nd experiment. The following post-emergence herbicides and doses were used: bentazon 0,48 kg a.i./ha and prometryne 1,60 kg a.i./ha, in the last experiment: and sulphuric acid (4%, bentazon 0,48 kg a.i./ha, prometryne 1,60 kg a.i./ha and diuron 1,60 kg a.i./ha, in the 2nd experiment

Respuesta de variedades de clavel a la inoculacion con Fusarium oxysporum f. Sp. dianthi y Phialophora cinerescens: produccion de fitoalexinas

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Orozco de Amezquita Martha

1997-06-01

Full Text Available

La resistencia del clavel a Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. dianthi se ha correlacionado con el metabolismo de compuestos fenólicos. Por lo tanto, con el fin de profundizar en el conocimiento de las relaciones que existen entre el patógeno vascular y su hospedante, en este trabajo, se propuso evaluar la producci6n de compuestos feno1icos en cinco variedades de clavel inoculadas con el aislamiento 15 de la raza 2, un aislamiento de la raza 4 y el aislamiento 71 de baja patogeninidad de Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. dianthi y un aislamiento de Phialophora cinerescens. En todas las variedades se presenta acumulación de compuestos fenolicos independientemente de si fueron o no inoculadas con los patógenos. La proporción de estos compuestos y el tipo de ellos fue diferente en los distintos tratamientos. Ya que los perfiles cromatograficos obtenidos en este experimento coinciden con los correspondientes a la muestra enviada por el doctor Schoffelmeer, se puede señalar que los compuestos separados por cromatografía corresponden a dianthialexinas, pero que, los resultados de este trabaje aun no permiten establecer su relación con las respuestas de resistencia.

Palabras claves: Asistencia, Metabolismo, Compuestos fenólicos, Dianthialexinas.

Rhizoma Dioscoreae extract protects against alveolar bone loss in ovariectomized rats via microRNAs regulation.

Science.gov (United States)

Zhang, Zhiguo; Song, Changheng; Zhang, Fangzhen; Xiang, Lihua; Chen, Yanjing; Li, Yan; Pan, Jinghua; Liu, Hong; Xiao, Gary Guishan; Ju, Dahong

2015-02-16

The aim of this study was to evaluate the osteoprotective effect of aqueous Rhizoma Dioscoreae extract (RDE) on the alveolar bone of rats with ovariectomy-induced bone loss. Female Wistar rats underwent either ovariectomy or sham operation (SHAM). The ovariectomized (OVX) rats were treated with vehicle (OVX), estradiol valerate (EV), or RDE. After treatments, the bone mineral density (BMD) and the three-dimensional microarchitecture of the alveolar bone were analyzed to assess bone mass. Microarrays were used to evaluate microRNA expression profiles in alveolar bone from RDE-treated and OVX rats. The differential expression of microRNAs was validated using real-time quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR), and the target genes of validated microRNAs were predicted and further analyzed using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA). The key findings were verified using qRT-PCR. Our results show that RDE inhibits alveolar bone loss in OVX rats. Compared to the OVX rats, the RDE-treated rats showed upregulated expression levels of 8 microRNAs and downregulated expression levels of 8 microRNAs in the alveolar bone in the microarray analysis. qRT-PCR helped validate 13 of 16 differentially expressed microRNAs, and 114 putative target genes of the validated microRNAs were retrieved. The IPA showed that these putative target genes had the potential to code for proteins that were involved in the transforming growth factor (TGF)-β/bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs)/Smad signaling pathway (Tgfbr2/Bmpr2, Smad3/4/5, and Bcl-2) and interleukin (IL)-6/oncostatin M (OSM)/Jak1/STAT3 signaling pathway (Jak1, STAT3, and Il6r). These experiments revealed that RDE could inhibit ovariectomy-induced alveolar bone loss in rats. The mechanism of this anti-osteopenic effect in alveolar bone may involve the simultaneous inhibition of bone formation and bone resorption, which is associated with modulation of the TGF-β/BMPs/Smad and the IL-6/OSM/Jak1/STAT3 signaling pathways via microRNA regulation.

Incidência de Leifsonia xyli subsp. xyli em variedades de cana-de-açúcar a serem empregados para multiplicação no estado de São Paulo

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Alfredo Seiiti Urashima

2010-12-01

Full Text Available O raquitismo-da-soqueira, causada por Leifsonia xyli subsp xyli (Lxx é uma das principais doenças da cana-de-açúcar pelo dano que acarreta à produtividade e estar presente em todas as regiões produtoras do país. Outro fator que contribui para sua importância na cultura é a dificuldade da sua identificação no campo pelo sintomas produzidos. Aliado a isso, mudas contaminadas juntamente com instrumentos de corte são os principais meios de disseminação da doença. O Laboratório de Genética Molecular (LAGEM da UFSCar é um dos laboratórios que realizam exames de sanidade quanto ao raquitismo-da-soqueira. O objetivo de presente trabalho foi o de examinar a incidência de Lxx nas canas enviadas para análise de sanidade ao LAGEM e reportar os resultados dos exames realizados entre os anos de 2005 e 2007. Esses resultados evidenciaram que RB867515 foi a variedade mais enviada em cada um dos três anos. Vinte e quatro das 98 variedades analisadas mostraram-se positivas quanto a Lxx, com porcentagem variando de 0,4 a 38,9 %.

Rendimiento de dos variedades mejoradas de frijol, sembrados al voleo y al espeque, en Moss Pam, Waspam, rio Coco

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Sankara Narvaez Ismael

2012-10-01

Full Text Available           Este articulo presenta el comportamiento agronómico del frijol (Phaseolus vulgaris L. en dos variedades:(DOR-364 y H-46, establecidos a través del análisis de dos métodos de siembra (al voleo y al espeque,  para medir la variable rendimiento. El experimento se realizó en la finca académica SNAKY/URACCAN, ubicada en la comunidad Moss Pam, en el municipio de Waspam río Coco, Región Autónoma Atlántico Norte (RAAN. El cultivo de frijol es de gran relevancia en la vida de las comunidades indígenas, ya que constituye al igual que el arroz, el grano de mayor importancia en la dieta familiar. Es de mencionar que las comunidades indígenas de la RAAN utilizan básicamente dos métodos de siembra (al voleo y al espeque; no obstante, siempre los rendimientos son bajos, por lo que se hace necesario el estudio con las condiciones descritas.    Se utilizó un diseño bifactorial en bloques completos al azar, en donde el factor A: equivale a las dos variedades de frijol (DOR-364 y H-46, y el factor B: dos métodos de siembra (al voleo y al espeque. La evaluación se hizo sobre las características morfométricas presentadas en la fase vegetativa y reproductiva del cultivo. El procesamiento de la información se hizo con el programa estadístico InfoStat, indagando desde el análisis del ANAVA y la prueba Kruskal-Wallis. Los resultados mostraron una alta viabilidad germinativa (95%, con diferencias estadísticas entre tratamientos en las variables altura y diámetro en la etapa vegetativa. En la etapa reproductiva las variables: número de vainas/plantas y granos/vainas/plantas, fueron las que presentaron diferencias estadísticas entre tratamientos, contrario a las variables número de flores/plantas y longitud de vainas/plantas que no mostraron diferencias. Finalmente el ANAVA con un 95 por ciento de confiabilidad encontró diferencias de medias en la variable rendimiento.Se recomienda el establecimiento de la variedad H-46

Caracterização físico-quimica de farinhas oriundas de variedades de mandioca utilizadas no vale do Juruá, Acre Physicochemical characteristics of flours deriving of cassava varieties used in the Vale do Juruá, Acre

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Joana Maria Leite de Souza

2008-12-01

Full Text Available Algumas características de farinha de mandioca dependem da variedade da raiz utilizada para o processamento. Objetivou-se avaliar as características físico-químicas da farinha de mandioca oriundas de variedades utilizadas no estado do Acre. Os tratamentos foram compostos pelas variedades: T1= Paxiubão, T2= Im221, T3 = Caboquinha, T4 = Araçá, T5 = Colonial, T6 = Branquinha, T7 = Panati e T8 = Mansa e Brava. Foram coletadas amostras das oito variedades de mandioca em casas-de-farinha no município de Cruzeiro do Sul, Acre. As raízes foram transportadas via aérea para o Laboratório de Tecnologia de Alimentos da Embrapa-AC, na cidade de Rio Branco, Acre. Foram avaliados: teor de umidade, cinzas, lipídios, proteína, fibra bruta, carboidratos, acidez, pH e atividade de água. Todas as amostras se apresentaram de acordo com os padrões estabelecidos pela Legislação Brasileira para farinha de mandioca quanto ao teor de umidade, cinzas e carboidratos. As farinhas analisadas apresentam teores baixos de fibras e baixa acidez. A atividade de água das farinhas analisadas esteve abaixo do limite mínimo capaz de permitir o desenvolvimento de microrganismos. As variedades Araçá, Colonial e Branquinha se mostraram adequadas para a fabricação de farinha de mandioca devido, principalmente, ao elevado teor de proteína e carboidratos presente nas farinhas produzidas.Some characteristics of the cassava depend on the variety used for the processing. The objectified of this study was to evaluate physicochemical characteristics of the cassava flour from varieties used in Acre. The treatments were composed by the varieties: T1 = Paxiubão, T2 = Im221, T3 = Caboquinha, T4 = Araçá, T5 = Colonial, T6 = Branquinha, T7 = Panati and T8 = Mansa e Brava. Samples of flour of eight cassava varieties were collect in cassava mils in Cruzeiro do Sul. The samples were sent by airmail to Rio Branco, Acre, to be analyzed in the Food and Technology Laboratory at

Melhoramento do cafeeiro: XIV - Competição de variedades comerciais em Monte Alegre do Sul Coffee breeding: XIV - Comparative trial of commercial varieties of coffee in Monte Alegre do Sul

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H. Antunes Filho

1960-01-01

Full Text Available Em fins de 1949 foi plantado na Estação Experimental de Monte Alegre do Sul um ensaio de variedades comerciais de café, cujos resultados, abrangendo seis anos de produção, são analisados e discutidos neste trabalho. A Estação Experimental de Monte Alegre do Sul situa-se em solo do tipo massapê-salmourão e apresenta a topogrofía acidentado que caracteriza extensa região cafeeira dos Estados de São Paulo e de Minas Gerais. A finalidade do ensaio é a de verificar o comportamento de diversas variedades, em comparação ao café Nacional, que ainda hoje é a variedade predominante nas fazendas que conservaram parte dos seus antigos cafèzais. As seguintes variedades acham-se representadas no experimento: Nacional, Amarelo de Botucatu, Bourbon Vermelho, Bourbon Amarelo, Mundo Novo, Caturra Vermelho, Caturra Amarelo, Laurina, Moragogipe A. D. e Semperflorens. Com exclusão do café Nacional, representado pela descendência de plantas típicos encontrados na própria Estação Experimental, as demais voriedades são formadas pela mistura de progênies de cafeeiros selecionados pela Seção de Genética do Instituto Agronômico, em Campinas. Como delineamento experimental adotou-se o de blocos incompletos com seis repetições. Ao fim de seis anos de colheitas a análise estatística revelou que a variedade Mundo Novo produziu significativamente mais do que as nove restantes. Em segundo plano classificou-se o Bourbon Amarelo, cuja produção, porém, não difere de modo significativo das que se verificaram para o Bourbon Vermelho, Caturra Amarelo e Caturra Vermelho. As quatro variedades com as maiores produções totais, em kg de frutos maduros (Mundo Novo, Bourbon Amarelo, Bourbon Vermelho e Caturra Amarelo, produziram significativamente mais do que as variedades antigas, como o Nacional e Amarelo de Botucatu, e mais tambem do que os variedades de menor interêsse comercial, como Maragagipe A. D., Laurina e Semperflorens. Os resultados s

El modelo v.s.p. en lechuga batavia lactuca sativa var. capitata l. y respuesta de dos variedades a las aplicaciones de compuestos orgánicos

OpenAIRE

Vélez M., José F.; Garzón, José L.; Bruzón C., Serapio F.

2010-01-01

En el Corregimiento Pavitas, municipio de La Cumbre, en la Finca Santafé, a 1.480 msnm en un suelo de la Asociación Pavas (Aeric Tropaquept) se probó el modelo vaso-sustrato-planta (VSP), en la producción de plántulas de lechuga Batavia L. sativa var. capitata y el efecto en la producción de los compuestos orgánicos, cachaza, lombricompuesto, gallinaza y bovinaza, incorporados al suelo. Los 22 tratamientos con cuatro repeticiones, repartidos en dos variedades (Great Lake 118 y Pacific) corres...

Desarrollo de pasta untable de aceituna variedad Sevillana

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Callejas, Julio

2009-12-01

Full Text Available The development of a spreadable olive paste was carried out. Sevillian or Gordal green olive varieties were used in the paste. Pastes were prepared by crushing olives after pit removal and adding preservatives (potassium solvate and sodium benzoate, and antioxidants (T. B. H. Q. to crushed olives. These were characterized by recording microbial, physical, chemical and sensory measurements and shelf life was evaluated over three months of storage at room temperature (18 °C and under refrigeration (4 °C. The final microbial count of the paste was less than 100 ufc/ml. Sensory testing demonstrated that it was acceptable and storage conditions did not significantly affect the product.The pH of the paste decreased with time (4.3 to 4.17, resulting in increased acidity which was affected by storage temperature. The peroxide index, increased with time, (from 5 to 27 meq peroxide/kg oil. However, the pastes were not perceived to be rancid after sensory testing. Regarding the color, the main change observed was a darkening of the paste, as determined using the parameter L*. The shelf life of the olive paste was 90 days either under refrigeration or at room temperature.Este estudio consistió en desarrollar una pasta untable de aceituna, variedad verde Sevillana o Gordal. La elaboración de la pasta consistió en deshuesar las aceitunas, triturarlas y adicionarles conservantes (sorbato de potasio y benzoato de sodio y antioxidante (T. B. H. Q., finalmente se envasaron. Ésta fue caracterizada microbiológica, físico-química y sensorialmente, y se evaluó su comportamiento durante 3 meses de almacenamiento a temperatura ambiente (18 °C y en refrigeración (4 °C. El recuento microbiano de la pasta es menor a 100 ufc/ml. Sensorialmente el producto fue aceptado y esta condición no varió durante el almacenamiento, al igual que el contenido de aceite (70% y aw (0,90. El pH diminuye con el tiempo, por lo tanto, la acidez aumenta; viéndose afectado por

Both dioscorin, the tuber storage protein of yam (Dioscorea alata cv. Tainong No. 1), and its peptic hydrolysates exhibited angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitory activities.

Science.gov (United States)

Hsu, Feng-Lin; Lin, Yaw-Huei; Lee, Mei-Hsien; Lin, Chien-Liang; Hou, Wen-Chi

2002-10-09

Dioscorin, the tuber storage protein of yam (Dioscorea alata cv. Tainong No. 1), was purified to homogeneity by DE-52 ion-exchange chromatography. This purified dioscorin was shown by spectrophotometric methods to inhibit angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) in a dose-dependent manner (12.5-750 microg, respectively, 20.83-62.5% inhibitions) using N-[3-(2-furyl)acryloyl]-Phe-Gly-Gly (FAPGG) as substrates. The 50% inhibition (IC(50)) of ACE activity was 6.404 microM dioscorin (250 microg corresponding to 7.81 nmol) compared to that of 0.00781 microM (0.0095 nmol) for captopril. The commercial bovine serum albumin and casein (bovine milk) showed less ACE inhibitory activity. The use of qualitative TLC also showed dioscorin as ACE inhibitors. Dioscorin showed mixed noncompetitive inhibitions against ACE; when 31.25 microg of dioscorin (0.8 microM) was added, the apparent inhibition constant (K(i)) was 2.738 microM. Pepsin was used for dioscorin hydrolysis at 37 degrees C for different times. It was found that the ACE inhibitory activity was increased from 51.32% to about 75% during 32 h hydrolysis. The smaller peptides were increased with increasing pepsin hydrolytic times. Dioscorin and its hydrolysates might be a potential for hypertension control when people consume yam tuber.

Comercialización de semillas (variedades e híbridos importadas de pimentón Capsicum annuum L en Colombia en el periodo enero 1990-agosto 1994

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Lema Nuñez Rosario M.

1996-12-01

Full Text Available

All the companies that produce varieties of paprika are North American, and due to the strong economic force of 4 or 5, dominate the market. These oligopolies diferenciate the seeds in quality, brand and packaging and in this way restrict other new companies entering the market. Reputable brands of quality (Petoseed, Asgrow and Rogers NK are the sole producers of hybrid seeds. The difference in price of befween the hybrid paprika seed and the Californian wonder type is substantial. The Californian Wonder is a type of seed produced by multinational Petossed priced at $ 2'600.000 (kilo-70:4 times greater in price. The multinational receive a profitable margin 60 times greater and a detailed margin 65 times greater. 77% of the demand for the variety of paprika is found in Californian Wonder (62% and Keyston Resistant Giant (15% planted in Santander del Sur, Antioquia, Cundinamarca, Tolima and Valle del Cauca. The paprika hybrids (Pacific have only been utilised in the Valle region.

Las variedades e híbridos de pimentón sólo representaron e11.5% del volumen total (648. 000 kilos y el 3.25 %  del valor de las importaciones de semillas de hortalizas. Las empresas productoras son norteamericanas y por la alta concentración del mercado en 4 ó 5 empresas, son oligopolios, al igual que los distribuidores exclusivos. Estos oligopolios diferencian las semillas en forma real (calidad y no real (marca, color del empaque y en esta forma impiden la entrada de nuevas empresas. Las marcas de reconocida calidad -Petoseed, Asgrow y Rogers NK, son las únicas que producen semilla híbrida para el mercado Colombiano. La diferencia en precios de la semilla híbrida con relación a la Variedad California Wonder es mayor (70.4 veces, respecto al precio recibido por la multinacional Petoseed ($2'600.000/kilo. El mayorista consigue un margen diferencial 60 veces más alto y el margen del detallista es 65 veces mayor. El 77 % de la demanda por

2430-IJBCS-Article-Kouakou Theodore Kouadio+

African Journals Online (AJOL)

hp

Euphorbiaceae. 1. 2. Deeringiana pruerens. Fabaceae. 1. 1. Dioscorea alata. Dioscoreaceae. 6. 56. Dioscorea cayenensis-rotundata. Dioscoreaceae. 5. 11. Glycine max. Fabaceae. 2. 16. Ipomea batatas. Convolvulaceae. 1. 10. Justicia tenela. Acanthaceae. 1. 1. Lactuca sativa. Asteraceae. 2. 11. Lycopersicon esculentum.

Protective effect of Rhizoma Dioscoreae extract against alveolar bone loss in ovariectomized rats via regulation of IL-6/STAT3 signaling.

Science.gov (United States)

Zhang, Zhi-Guo; Chen, Yan-Jing; Xiang, Li-Hua; Pan, Jing-Hua; Wang, Zhen; Xiao, Gary Guishan; Ju, Da-Hong

2017-11-01

The aim of the present study was to assess the effectiveness of Rhizoma Dioscoreae extract (RDE) on preventing rat alveolar bone loss induced by ovariectomy (OVX), and to determine the role of interleukin-6 (IL-6)/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling pathway in this effect. Female Wistar rats were subjected to OVX or sham surgery. The rats that had undergone OVX were treated with RDE (RDE group), vehicle (OVX group) or 17β-estradiol subcutaneous injection (E2 group). Subsequently, bone metabolic activity was assessed by analyzing 3-D alveolar bone construction, bone mineral density, as well as the plasma biomarkers of bone turnover. The gene expression of alveolar bone in the OVX and RDE groups was evaluated by IL-6/STAT3 signaling pathway polymerase chain reaction (PCR) arrays, and differentially expressed genes were determined through reverse transcription-quantitative PCR. The inhibitory effect of RDE on alveolar bone loss in the OVX group was demonstrated in the study. In comparison with the OVX group, the RDE group exhibited 19 downregulated genes and 1 upregulated gene associated with the IL-6/STAT3 signaling pathway in alveolar bone. Thus, RDE was shown to relieve OVX-induced alveolar bone loss in rats, an effect which was likely associated with decreased abnormal bone remodeling via regulation of the IL-6/STAT3 signaling pathway.

Evaluación de dos tipos de esquejes para producción de tubérculo-semilla élite en cuatro variedades de papa Solanum phureja juz et buk y Solanum tuberosum

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Sidney Benhur Moreno Rengifo

2004-07-01

(axilar y apical. Se evaluaron las siguientes variables respuesta: porcentaje de supervivencia de esquejes a la tercera semana, longitud y número de hojas de esquejes durante tres semanas, área foliar y peso seco de esquejes a la cuarta semana. Después de esto los esquejes se sembraron en bolsas plásticas de 10 x 14 pulgadas calibre seis y se llevaron a invernaderos donde se realizó el aporque y demás manejo agronómico. Luego de cumplido el ciclo vegetativo de las plantas se midieron los rendimientos (peso y número de tubérculos para cada tratamiento. Se utilizó un diseño completamente al azar para cada ensayo (dosis de ANA y Hormonagro en cada variedad en un arreglo factorial 2 x 4 y 2 x 2 correspondientes al tipo de esqueje (axilar o apical y concentración de ANA (0, 5, 10 y 15 mg/l en el primer caso y (sin Hormonagro y con Hormonagro en el segundo caso. El porcentaje de supervivencia de esquejes fue superior al 90% en los axilares y mayor del 95% en los apicales. El Hormonagro redujo significativamente la supervivencia de esquejes y afectó considerablemente las otras variables. En los rendimientos no se observaron diferencias respecto al control por la aplicación de Hormonagro. El regulador ANA en dosis entre 5 y 10 mg/l mostró ser conveniente para el prendimiento de los esquejes. Se obtuvo mayor peso total de tubérculos en esquejes axilares de las variedades Capiro y Puracé, mientras que para la variable número total de tubérculos los esquejes axilares de las variedades Capiro y Clon 1 mostraron los mejores promedios. La mayor cantidad de tubérculos-semilla cosechados pesaron entre 3 y 21 g. La aplicación adecuada de la metodología propuesta puede ayudar a reducir costos en producción de semilla de papa fase 1 de buena calidad fitosanitaria.

Reconciling Conflicting Phylogenies in the Origin of Sweet Potato and Dispersal to Polynesia.

Science.gov (United States)

Muñoz-Rodríguez, Pablo; Carruthers, Tom; Wood, John R I; Williams, Bethany R M; Weitemier, Kevin; Kronmiller, Brent; Ellis, David; Anglin, Noelle L; Longway, Lucas; Harris, Stephen A; Rausher, Mark D; Kelly, Steven; Liston, Aaron; Scotland, Robert W

2018-04-23

The sweet potato is one of the world's most widely consumed crops, yet its evolutionary history is poorly understood. In this paper, we present a comprehensive phylogenetic study of all species closely related to the sweet potato and address several questions pertaining to the sweet potato that remained unanswered. Our research combined genome skimming and target DNA capture to sequence whole chloroplasts and 605 single-copy nuclear regions from 199 specimens representing the sweet potato and all of its crop wild relatives (CWRs). We present strongly supported nuclear and chloroplast phylogenies demonstrating that the sweet potato had an autopolyploid origin and that Ipomoea trifida is its closest relative, confirming that no other extant species were involved in its origin. Phylogenetic analysis of nuclear and chloroplast genomes shows conflicting topologies regarding the monophyly of the sweet potato. The process of chloroplast capture explains these conflicting patterns, showing that I. trifida had a dual role in the origin of the sweet potato, first as its progenitor and second as the species with which the sweet potato introgressed so one of its lineages could capture an I. trifida chloroplast. In addition, we provide evidence that the sweet potato was present in Polynesia in pre-human times. This, together with several other examples of long-distance dispersal in Ipomoea, negates the need to invoke ancient human-mediated transport as an explanation for its presence in Polynesia. These results have important implications for understanding the origin and evolution of a major global food crop and question the existence of pre-Columbian contacts between Polynesia and the American continent. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Comportamento de variedades de soja cujas sementes foram inoculadas com diferentes misturas de estirpes de Rhizobium,em latosol roxo do Estado de São Paulo Behavior of soybean varieties inoculated wtth different mixtures of Rhizobiumstrains in latosol soils of the State of São Paulo

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H. A. A. Mascarenhas

1968-01-01

Full Text Available Em solo Latosol Roxo, estudou-se o comportamento de cinco variedades de soja cujas sementes foram inoculadas, ou não, com diferentes misturas de estirpes de Rhizobium. Na produção de sementes, a variedade Hardee foi equivalente à IAC-1 e superior às variedades E-2006, L-571 e Bienville. IAC-1 também foi superior a Bienville. A adubação nitrogenada não aumentou a produção, e as pequenas respostas aos inoculantes não foram significativas. Conquanto a área experimental nunca tivesse cultura de soja, a nodulação foi intensa em todos os canteiros, e não se notou aumento em conseqüência da inoculação experimental.The performance of five soybean varieties whose seeds were inoculated with four different mixtures of Rhizobiumstrains was studied at Ribeirão Prêto, State of São Paulo. In the seed yields, Hardee was statistically equivalent to IAC-1 and superior to L-2006, L-571 and Bienville. Mineral nitrogen did not increase the seed yields and the small responses to the inoculants were not significant. Although the experimental field had never been cropped with soybeans, the nodule formation was very good in all of the plots, so that no increase due to the experimental inoculants was observed.

Trocas gasosas e fluorescência da clorofila a em variedades de cana-de-açúcar submetidas à deficiência hídrica Gas exchange and chlorophyll a fluorescence of sugarcane varieties submitted to water stress

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Eduardo R. Gonçalves

2010-04-01

Full Text Available O estresse hídrico afeta grande parte da agricultura mundial, razão por que se propôs, através deste trabalho, avaliar o comportamento, em casa-de-vegetação, de quatro variedades de cana-de-açúcar (SP79-1011, RB72454, RB98710 e RB92579 submetidas a déficit hídrico durante a fase inicial de crescimento vegetativo. As plantas foram cultivadas em vasos plásticos contendo 15 kg de solo. O estudo foi um fatorial (4 variedades x 3 níveis de água disponível no solo, em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com cinco repetições. Os níveis de água no solo foram baseados na capacidade de água disponível (CAD ficando assim definidos: controle (80 a 100% da CAD, estresse hídrico moderado (40 a 60% da CAD e estresse hídrico severo (0 a 20% da CAD. A deficiência hídrica provocou reduções significativas na condutância estomática (gs, transpiração foliar (E, fotosíntese líquida (A e na eficiênca de uso da água de produção (EUAp, independente da variedade. As variedades SP79-1011 e RB98710 apresentaram maior sensibilidade estomática, reduzindo gs e E aos 71 dias após início do estresse, mesmo sob condições controle; entretanto, em tais condições A foi pouco afetada, indicando que as plantas são capazes de manter a taxa fotossintética, mesmo com os estômatos parcialmente fechados. O estresse hídrico provocou pouca redução na eficiência fotoquímica potencial das variedades estudadas.Water stress affects a great part of the world's agriculture. Thus, this work was conducted to evaluate photosynthetic traits in four varieties of sugarcane (SP79-1011, RB72454, RB98710 and RB92579 submitted to water stress during the early stage of the vegetative period. The plants were cultivated in plastic pots (15 kg of soil. The study was a factorial (4 varieties x 3 levels of soil water content based on available water capacity (AWC, in a completely randomized design with 5 replications. The levels of water content in the soil

Perfil de fermentação e perdas na ensilagem de diferentes frações da parte aérea de quatro variedades de mandioca Fermentation profile and losses in the ensilage of different fractions of the aerial part from four cassava varieties

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Álvaro Diego Soares Mota

2011-07-01

Full Text Available Objetivou-se com este trabalho determinar o perfil fermentativo das silagens de quatro variedades de mandioca. No estudo do pH, do nitrogênio amoniacal, dos ácidos orgânicos, do índice de recuperação de matéria seca (MS e da densidade das silagens, utilizou-se delineamento em blocos casualizados com esquema fatorial 4 × 3, com quatro repetições, sendo quatro variedades de mandioca (Amarelinha, Olho Roxo, Periquita e Sabará e três frações da parte aérea (planta inteira, sobras do plantio e terço superior. No estudo da perda de matéria seca por gases e efluentes, o esquema fatorial utilizado foi 4 × 3 × 7, com quatro repetições, composto de quatro variedades de mandioca, três frações da parte aérea e sete datas de abertura dos silos (1, 3, 5, 7, 14, 28 e 56 dias após a ensilagem. A ensilagem foi realizada em silos de laboratório confeccionados em tubos de PVC. Os dados obtidos foram submetidos à análise de variância e, para comparação das médias, foi realizado o teste de Scott-Knott a 5% de significância. Não houve diferença significativa entre os valores de pH, ácidos orgânicos e densidade das silagens das diferentes variedades, entretanto, o pH, o nitrogênio amoniacal e a densidade das silagens das frações da parte aérea diferiram entre as variedades. O nitrogênio amoniacal das silagens também diferiu entre as variedades. Embora a forragem fresca tenha apresentado valores de matéria seca inferiores a 30%, os valores de pH foram satisfatórios. As silagens das frações terço superior e sobras do plantio têm ótima qualidade fermentativa. As silagens deste estudo apresentam baixa perda de matéria seca.The objective of this work was to determine fermentative profile of silage of four cassava varieties. In the study of pH, ammonia nitrogen, organic acid, dry matter (DM recovery index and silage densities, it was used a 4 × 3 factorial arrangement, with four repetitions, four cassava varieties

Conservação, diversidade e distribuição de variedades locais de milho e seus parentes silvestres no extremo oeste de Santa Catarina, Sul do Brasil

OpenAIRE

Silva, Natália Carolina de Almeida

2015-01-01

Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Recursos Genéticos Vegetais, Florianópolis, 2015. As informações sobre a atual diversidade de milho do Brasil são escassas e a maior parte dos estudos tem se destinado a caracterizar e analisar a diversidade conservada ex situ. Pesquisas antecedentes têm demonstrado que a microrregião Extremo Oeste do estado de Santa Catarina possui uma importante riqueza de variedades locai...

Elementos traza esenciales en dos variedades de trigo y cambios de distribución de los mismos causados por el procesamiento

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Gabriela Mahecha

2009-05-01

Full Text Available Se analizaron por espectrofotometría de absorción atómica los elementos minerales esenciales en dos trigos duros comerciales, en las fracciones de la molienda del trigo (harina, salvado y mogolla y en el pan preparado de la harina.Las fracciones de salvado y mogolla contienen mayor cantidad de todos los minerales que el trigo original, en cambio el contenido en el pan y la harina es mas bajo. Estos resultados sugieren la posibilidad de enriquecer el pan con las fracciones de salvado y mogolla, las cuales son obtenidas del trigo en altas proporciones.La variedad IS68 contiene mayor cantidad de todos los elementos traza esenciales estudiados, siendo también superior su contenido que el reportado por otros investigadores que trabajaron en muestras americanas y francesas de diferentes áreas geográficas.

[Application of microscopic spectroscopy in quality control of Niuhuang Qingxin pills].

Science.gov (United States)

Nie, Li-Xing; Zhang, Ye; Zhang, Nan-Ping; Hu, Xiao-Ru; Kang, Shuai; Hou, Jian-Zhong; Dai, Zhong; Ma, Shuang-Cheng

2016-10-01

Application of microscopic spectroscopy in quality control of Niuhuang Qingxin pills was discussed. First, microscopic characteristics specified by the statutory standard of Niuhuang Qingxin pills were summarized. Then new identification method was established for Dioscoreae Rhizoma, Saigae Tataricae Cornu, Cinnamomi Cortex and Saposhnikoviae Radix. Finally, microscopic spectroscopy was used for test of Dioscoreae Rhizoma's adulterant Dioscoreae Fordii Rhizoma.It was the first time for this technology being applied in adulteration test of Chinese patent medicine.The results showed that Saigae Tataricae Cornu was not detected in 2 batches of Niuhuang Qingxin pills from 1 manufacturer while Dioscoreae Fordii Rhizoma was detected in 3 batches of samples from 2 manufacturers. The proposed methods were accurate, simple, rapid, objective and economic, which offered a more comprehensive approach for quality control of Niuhuang Qingxin pills. It was indicated that conventional technology such as microscopic spectroscopy could play an important role in identification of traditional Chinese medicine whose index ingredient was deficient or tiny. Copyright© by the Chinese Pharmaceutical Association.

Growdon Gate/Road Relocation and Property Acquisition Environmental Assessment. Volume 1

Science.gov (United States)

2012-11-01

black walnut (Juglans nigra), pecan ( Carya illinoensis ), blackberry (Rubus sp.), greenbriar (Smilax sp.), poison ivy (Rhus radicans), giant...Riparian Cedar elm (Ulmus crassifolia), black willow (Salix nigra), hackberry (Celtis laevigata), chinaberry (Melia azedarach), pecan ( Carya ... illinoensis ), Canada wildrye (Elymus candensis), poison ivy (Rhus radicans), greenbrier (Smilax spp.), and giant ragweed (Ambrosia trifida) Urban

Caracterização morfológica e dissimilaridade genética entre variedades crioulas de melão Morphological characterization and genetic dissimilarity in melon landraces

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Raquel Silviana Neitzke

2009-12-01

Full Text Available Variedades crioulas de melão (Cucumis melo são cultivadas no Sul do Brasil para consumo familiar e também para comercialização dos frutos. No entanto, existe uma carência de trabalhos relativos a sua caracterização. Este trabalho teve por objetivo caracterizar e avaliar a variabilidade genética de variedades crioulas de melão do Sul do Brasil mantidos no Banco Ativo de Germoplasma de Cucurbitáceas da Embrapa Clima Temperado. Foram caracterizados 14 acessos utilizando 26 descritores morfológicos de fruto. Os dados foram analisados pelos métodos de agrupamento de Tocher e hierárquico UPGMA. Os métodos de agrupamento foram parcialmente concordantes. O acesso C88 possui características distintas, ficando isolado dos demais, pois é o único entre todos os avaliados que apresenta formato piriforme e sem gomos, cor de epicarpo creme, cor de polpa branca e ruptura profunda no fruto. Existe grande variabilidade genética, para caracteres de frutos, nas variedades crioulas de melão conservadas nesse Banco Ativo de Germoplasma, com potencial para uso no melhoramento genético, destacando-se o acesso C71 por possuir sabor adocicado e polpa de cor laranja e o C72, por apresentar elevados valores de peso de fruto e espessura de polpa.Melon landraces (Cucumis melo are cultivated in South of Brazil for family consumption and also for marketing fruits. However, there is a lack of works related to characterization of these landraces. The objective of this work was to characterize and evaluate genetic variability of melon landraces from South of Brazil which are maintained in the Cucurbitaceae Genebank at Embrapa Clima Temperado, trough morphological characterization. Fourteen accessions were characterized in 26 morphological fruit descriptors. Data were analyzed by Tocher grouping method and UPGMA hierarchical. The two methods agreed partially. The accession C88 has unique characteristics, being isolated when compared to the other accessions, it

Facing herbivory on the climb up: Lost opportunities as the main cost of herbivory in the wild yam Dioscorea praehensilis.

Science.gov (United States)

Di Giusto, Bruno; Dounias, Edmond; McKey, Doyle B

2017-08-01

Plants with simple architecture and strong constraints on their growth may offer critical insights into how growth strategies affect the tolerance of plants to herbivory. Although Dioscorea praehensilis, a wild yam of African forests, is perennial, both aerial apparatus and tuber are annually renewed. Each year, the tuber produces a single stem that climbs from the ground to the forest canopy. This stem bears no leaves and no branches until it reaches optimal light conditions. Once in the canopy, the plant's production fuels the filling of a new tuber before the plant dies back to the ground. We hypothesized that if deprived of ant defense, the leafless growth phase is a vulnerable part of the cycle, during which a small amount of herbivory entails a high cost in terms of loss of opportunity. We compared the growth of stems bearing ants or not as well as of intact stems and stems subjected to simulated or natural herbivory. Ants reduce herbivory; herbivory delays arrival to the canopy and shortens the season of production. Artificially prolonging the stem growth to the canopy increased plant mortality in the following year and, in surviving plants, reduced the stem diameter and likely the underground reserves produced. Tuber size is a key variable in plant performance as it affects both the size of the aerial apparatus and the duration of its single season of production. Aerial apparatus and tuber are thus locked into a cycle of reciprocal annual renewal. Costs due to loss of opportunity may play a major role in plant tolerance to herbivory, especially when architectural constraints interact with ecological conditions to shape the plant's growth strategy.

Effect of drying methods on the rheological characteristics and ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

The effect of drying methods (sun and oven-drying) on the rheological properties and colour of amala, a thick paste from yam flour, was investigated using two varieties of yam (Dioscorea rotundata and. Dioscorea alata). The yam flour produced was later reconstituted to produce amala of different pasting characteristics, ...

Autopoiesis, bucles, emergencia, variedades topológicas y una conjetura sobre la consciencia humana

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Sarmiento Campos, José A.

2009-08-01

Full Text Available This reflection aims to be a plausible approach to the concept of consciousness and it proposes a theory to explain its emergency. This theoretical approach integrates some of the contributions that different authors have made to science. Some of these contributions are examples of complexity in themselves (such as the concept of system, autopoiesis, emergency, cybernetic; some others are in the scope of mathematics (the concept of n-dimensional topological manifold and even some of them are related to biology (neural networks, cortical layers or columnar organization of the neocortex. All of them can be integrated in a theory, which we consider epistemologically solid and could provide an answer to questions such as the emergency of human and social consciousness.La presente reflexión pretende ser un acercamiento plausible al concepto de consciencia y propone una explicación a su surgimiento. Varias de las aportaciones que diversos autores han hecho a la ciencia y que conforman el paradigma de la complejidad, como son los conceptos de sistema, autopoiesis, emergencia, cibernética de primer y segundo orden o estado crítico; junto con otros de naturaleza matemática como las variedades topológicas n-dimensionales y aun otros procedentes de la biología como redes neuronales, capas corticales o distribución columnar de la neocorteza, se pueden integrar en un constructo, que consideramos epistemológicamente sólido, que podría dar una respuesta a cuestiones como la emergencia de la consciencia humana y también, probablemente, social.

Eficiência da colheita mecânica em variedades paulistas de algodeiro Efficiency of mechanical harvesting in São Paulo cotton varieties

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Luiz Henrique Carvalho

1984-01-01

Full Text Available O comportamento das variedades paulistas de algodoeiro 'IAC 17' e 'IAC 18', em face da colheita mecânica, e a possibilidade de melhorá-lo mediante o uso do regulador de crescimento Cycocel, foram estudados em ensaio conduzido em 1978/79 e 1979/80 no município de Leme (SP. Na média dos dois anos, utilizando-se uma colhedeira John Deere 9900, foi colhido cerca de 89% do algodão produzido, o que representa eficiência comparável à obtida em países que adotam predominantemente essa prática. Em condições normais, as perdas foram 7%, porém, em ano adverso, com chuvas freqüentes na época da colheita e longa permanência do algodão aberto no campo, atingiram 16%. A colheita mecânica proporcionou tipos inferiores de algodão em caroço, situando-se entre 1 e 2 pontos, na escala de classificação comercial, a diferença em relação à colheita manual. As perdas foram maiores, cerca de 2%, para a variedade 'IAC 17', tendo a diferença se manifestado tanto em relação ao algodão caído ao solo, quanto ao que persistiu nas plantas, após a colheita. O prejuízo no tipo foi semelhante para as duas variedades, no ano normal, mas consideravelmente maior para a 'IAC 17', no ano desfavorável. O Cycocel, aplicado na base de 50g de princípio ativo por hectare, aumentou a porcentagem de algodão colhido pela máquina, porém, apenas no ano em que as condições climáticas foram adversas. Todavia, mesmo nesse ano, o produto não contribuiu para melhorar o tipo do algodão colhido mecanicamente. Excetuando tendência para queda na resistência, assim mesmo de forma inconsistente, as demais características tecnológicas da fibra não foram afetadas pela colheita mecânica.Adequacy of the cultivated cotton varieties 'IAC 17' and 'IAC 18' for mechanical harvesting and the possibility to improve their performance by using the plant growth regulator Cycocel, were studied at Leme, State of São Paulo, Brazil, in the 1978/79 and 1979/80 crop seasons

Características antioxidantes, fisicoquímicas y microbiológicas de jugo fermentado y sin fermentar de tres variedades de pitahaya (Hylocereus spp

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Carlos Enrique Ochoa-Velasco

2012-01-01

Full Text Available Al jugo de pitahaya de tres variedades (roja, rosa y blanca se le evaluó el pH, sólidos solubles totales, acidez titulable, color, compuestos fenólicos, capacidad antioxidante, mientras que al jugo de pitahaya fermentado con Saccharomyces cerevisiae se le evaluaron además el número de bacterias mesófilas aerobias, mohos y levaduras y contenido alcohólico. Los sólidos solubles totales y pH disminuyeron en el jugo fermentado en todas las variedades de pitahaya. El contenido de compuestos fenólicos fue mayor en el jugo de pitahaya roja, seguido de la rosa y la blanca con valores promedios de 45,3, 32,1y 24,6 mg de ácido gálico/100 mL de jugo, respectivamente. Por ende, la capacidad antioxidante fue superior en el jugo de pitahaya roja (160,84 mg de Trolox/100 mL de jugo. La fermentación del jugo de pitahaya incrementó el contenido de compuestos fenólicos (variando de 45,31 a 51,38 mg de ácido gálico/100 mL de jugo, en pitahaya roja, aunque disminuyó la capacidad antioxidante (variando de 124,51 a 82,96 mg de Trolox/100 mL de jugo, en pitahaya rosa. El contenido de alcohol de los jugos fermentados fue entre 2,9 y 3,9 % (v/v. Al final de la fermentación la carga máxima de mohos y levaduras (1580 UFC/mL la presentó el jugo fermentado de pitahaya blanca. Sin embargo, después de la pasteurización el crecimiento microbiano en todos los tratamientos fue menor a 10 UFC/mL. La elaboración de subproductos como el jugo fermentado es una alternativa viable para la comercialización de productos derivados de la pitahaya.

Comportamiento fisiológico de la pera variedad Triunfo de Viena (Pyrus communis L. durante el período poscosecha Physiological performance of pears (Pyrus communis L., cv. Triunfo de Viena during postharvest period

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Alfonso Parra-Coronado

2006-04-01

Full Text Available La pera variedad Triunfo de Viena es una fruta producida en Colombia y actualmente no se dispone de una red de frío para su manejo poscosecha. El objetivo de este trabajo fue establecer el comportamiento fisiológico de la pera variedad Triunfo de Viena en tres condiciones de temperatura y humedad relativa: 3ºC y 85%, 11ºC y 80%, 18ºC y 75%. La pera variedad Triunfo de Viena es un fruto climatérico, cuyo punto de máxima intensidad respiratoria puede desplazarse en el tiempo dependiendo de las condiciones de almacenamiento. Para las condiciones estudiadas, el climaterio se presentó en el día 22 (35,87 mg CO2 kg-1 h-1, en el día 36 (28,59 mg CO2 kg-1 h-1 y en el día 93 (15,72 mg CO2 kg-1 h-1 del almacenamiento, para las temperaturas de 18ºC, 11ºC y 3ºC respectivamente. La pérdida de peso presentó una relación lineal y directa respecto al tiempo de almacenamiento, siendo mayor con temperaturas de 18ºC y 11ºC. La acidez titulable y el pH no presentan grandes variaciones durante el almacenamiento. La intensidad respiratoria, la pérdida de peso, la relación SST/AT y la firmeza de la pulpa, son las características que representan mejor la evolución de la madurez de las peras variedad Triunfo de Viena.The pear cv. Triunfo de Viena is a fruit produced in Colombia, but at present time there is no cool chamber to handle it. The objective of this work was to determine the pear's physiological performance under three conditions of temperature and relative humidity: 3ºC and 85%, 11ºC and 80%, 18ºC and 75%. The pear cv. Triunfo de Viena is a climacterically fruit, which its maximum point of respiratory rate could vary according to the storage conditions. For the evaluated conditions, the number of days required to reach the climacteric-like peak was 22 (35,87 mg CO2 kg-1 h-1, 36 (28,59 mg CO2 kg-1 h-1 and 93 (15,72 mg CO2 kg-1 h-1, at temperatures of 18ºC, 11ºC and 3ºC respectively. The weight loss presented a linear and direct

ISSR marker-assisted genetic diversity analysis of Dioscorea hispida and selection of the best variety for sustainable production.

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Nudin, Nur Fatihah Hasan; Ali, Abdul Manaf; Ngah, Norhayati; Mazlan, Nor Zuhailah; Mat, Nashriyah; Ghani, Mohd Noor Abd; Alias, Nadiawati; Zakaria, Abd Jamil; Jahan, Md Sarwar

2017-08-01

Plant breeding is a way of selection of a particular individual for the production of the progeny by separating or combining desired characteristics. The objective of this study was to justify different characteristics of Dioscorea hispida (Ubi gadong) varieties using molecular techniques to select the best variety for sustainable production at the farmer's level. A total of 160 germplasms of Ubi gadong were collected from different locations at the Terengganu and Kelantan states of Malaysia. Forty eight (48) out of 160 germplasms were selected as "primary" selection based on yield and other qualitative characters. Selected collections were then grown and maintained for ISSR marker-assisted genetic diversity analysis. Overall plant growth and yield of tubers were also determined. A total of 12 ISSR markers were tested to justify the characteristics of Ubi gadong varieties among which three markers showed polymorphic bands and on average 57.3% polymorphism were observed representing the highest variation among germplasms. The ISSR marker based on UPGMA cluster analysis grouped all 48 D. hispida into 10 vital groups that proved a vast genetic variation among germplasm collections. Therefore, hybridization should be made between two distant populations. The D. hispida is already proved as the highest starch content tuber crops and very rich in vitamins with both micro and macro minerals. Considering all these criteria and results from marker-assisted diversity analysis, accessions that are far apart based on their genetic coefficient (like DH27 and DH71; DH30 and DH70; DH43 and DH62; DH45 and DH61; DH77 and DH61; DH78 and DH57) could be selected as parents for further breeding programs. This will bring about greater diversity, which will lead to high productive index in terms of increase in yield and overall quality and for the ultimate target of sustainable Ubi gadong production. Copyright © 2017 Académie des sciences. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights

Rhizoma Dioscoreae extract protects against alveolar bone loss by regulating the cell cycle: A predictive study based on the protein‑protein interaction network.

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Zhang, Zhi-Guo; Song, Chang-Heng; Zhang, Fang-Zhen; Chen, Yan-Jing; Xiang, Li-Hua; Xiao, Gary Guishan; Ju, Da-Hong

2016-06-01

Rhizoma Dioscoreae extract (RDE) exhibits a protective effect on alveolar bone loss in ovariectomized (OVX) rats. The aim of this study was to predict the pathways or targets that are regulated by RDE, by re‑assessing our previously reported data and conducting a protein‑protein interaction (PPI) network analysis. In total, 383 differentially expressed genes (≥3‑fold) between alveolar bone samples from the RDE and OVX group rats were identified, and a PPI network was constructed based on these genes. Furthermore, four molecular clusters (A‑D) in the PPI network with the smallest P‑values were detected by molecular complex detection (MCODE) algorithm. Using Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) tools, two molecular clusters (A and B) were enriched for biological process in Gene Ontology (GO). Only cluster A was associated with biological pathways in the IPA database. GO and pathway analysis results showed that cluster A, associated with cell cycle regulation, was the most important molecular cluster in the PPI network. In addition, cyclin‑dependent kinase 1 (CDK1) may be a key molecule achieving the cell‑cycle‑regulatory function of cluster A. From the PPI network analysis, it was predicted that delayed cell cycle progression in excessive alveolar bone remodeling via downregulation of CDK1 may be another mechanism underling the anti‑osteopenic effect of RDE on alveolar bone.

Grape varieties in Chile and Argentina (1550-1850. Genealogy of torrontés Variedades de uva en Chile y Argentina (1550-1850. Genealogía del torrontés

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Pablo Lacoste

2010-01-01

Full Text Available From the eighteenth century until today Cuyo and central Chile have been the main viticulture centers in Latin America and one of the most developed in the world. Their wine and spirits making have had important social, economic, politic and cultural implications in the region. Behind this, there has been viticulture, intensive and specialized farm-working, and viticulturists, who have had key roles. This article, based on originals and unpublished documents from Santiago, Mendoza, and San Juan notaries and court archives, examines varieties cultivated in the region. At the end, a document corpus was generated with 3.5 million plants in order to identify time of entry, adaptation, and propagation of grape varieties from Spanish colonization until French strains entered the region during mid nineteenth century. In particular, coexistence of Pais grape and Italia grape (muscat of Alexandria is examined, which had direct influence over the appearance of the Torrontes variety. The latest is the only high value wine-making Creole variety that prevails until today and is the most important in white-wine-making in Argentina.Cuyo y Chile central constituyen, desde el siglo XVIII hasta hoy, el principal polo vitivinícola de América Latina y uno de los con mayor desarrollo del mundo. Su producción de vinos y aguardientes ha tenido fuertes implicancias sociales, económicas, políticas y culturales en la región. En la base de este proceso se encuentra el cultivo de la vid, trabajo agrícola intensivo y especializado, en el cual los vidueños tienen una relevancia central. Este artículo examina las variedades cultivadas en la región a partir de documentos originales inéditos, sobre todo de fondos notariales y judiciales de archivos de Santiago, Mendoza y San Juan. Sobre esta base se conformó un corpus documental de 3,5 millones de plantas, con vistas a identificar el proceso de ingreso, adaptación y propagación de las variedades de vid, desde la

Simultaneous quantification of five steroid saponins from Dioscorea zingiberensis C.H.Wright in rat plasma by HPLC-MS/MS and its application to the pharmacokinetic studies

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Zhang, Xinxin; Li, Jing; Ito, Yoichiro; Sun, Wenji

2014-01-01

A simple, reliable and sensitive high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method (HPLC-MS/MS) was established for simultaneous analyses of the following 5 steroid saponins in rat plasma after the single dose administration of total steroid saponins extracted from the rhizome of Dioscorea zingiberensis C.H.Wright for the first time. Protodioscin, huangjiangsu A, zingiberensis new saponin, dioscin, and gracillin were quantified using ginsenoside Rb1 as the internal standard (IS). The plasma samples were pretreated by a single step acetonitrile-mediated protein precipitation. The chromatographic separation was performed on an Inersil ODS-3 C18 column (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) with the mobile phase composed of acetonitrile and water containing 0.1% formic acid under a gradient elution mode at 0.2 mL min−1 using a microsplit after the eluent from the HPLC apparatus. The quantification was accomplished on a triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometer using the multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) in the positive ionization mode. The above five analytes were stable under sample storage and preparation conditions applied in the present study. The linearity, precision, accuracy, and recoveries of the analysis confirmed the requirements for quality-control purposes. After validation, this proposed method was successfully adopted to investigate the pharmacokinetic parameters of these five analytes. PMID:25201262

Características da variedade Fremont quando comparadas com as das tangerinas 'Ponkan' e 'Clementina Nules' Characteristics of Fremont variety compared to Ponkan and Clementina Nules tangerines

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Rose Mary Pio

2006-08-01

Full Text Available O quadro varietal das tangerinas plantadas comercialmente é bastante restrito, concentrando-se na tangerina 'Ponkan' e no tangor 'Murcott'. Aumentar o número de variedades, assim como ampliar o período de safra são fatores importantes tendo em vista que trarão vantagens ao consumidor e ao produtor desse grupo de citros. No período de 2002 a 2005, foram estudadas as características da variedade Fremont e comparadas com as tangerinas 'Ponkan' e 'Clementina Nules', no município de Capão Bonito-SP. Pode-se concluir, dos resultados obtidos, que as plantas da tangerina Fremont são de porte reduzido (semi-anãs; os frutos apresentam características excepcionais para consumo in natura, maturação de meia-estação e período de colheita, que se estende por até três meses, sendo dessa maneira boa opção para plantios visando à entressafra da 'Ponkan'.Commercial grown tangerines variety are mainly restricted to a few options such as Ponkan tangerine and Murcott tangor. The increasing number of varieties as well as the harvest extending season is important, potentially benefiting consumers and producers of this kind of citrus. Fremont characteristics were compared to Ponkan and Clementina Nules tangerines at Capão Bonito County in São Paulo State from 2002 to 2005. By the results, it was possible to conclude that Fremont trees were semi-dwarfed, the fruits had excellent characteristics for in natura consumption and a harvesting season enlargement of three months, therefore appearing to be a good alternative for orchards, aiming at Ponkan' off-season period.

Crioconservação de sementes de mamona das variedades nordestina e pernambucana Cryoconservation of nordestina and pernambucana varieties of castor bean seeds

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Francisco de A. C. Almeida

2002-01-01

Full Text Available É grande a importância da mamoneira (Ricinus communis L. para a economia do semi-árido nordestino, que é responsável por 80% da produção nacional, no entanto durante 1970 e 2000, a produção líquida dessa oleaginosa foi reduzida na mesma percentagem. Registrou-se também a existência de aproximadamente 90 tipos diferentes de sementes empregadas no cultivo desta Euforbiaceae. Devido a este problema, o trabalho desenvolvido no Laboratório de Processamento e Armazenamento de Produtos Agrícolas do DEAg/UFPB, objetivou desenvolver técnicas de crioconservação para duas variedades de Ricinus communis, com vistas a uma armazenagem segura e por tempo indefinido. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado, com os dados obtidos nos 7º e 14º dias depois da semeadura, dispostos em um arranjo fatorial 2 x 3 x 2 x 2 (duas variedades, três períodos de crioconservação, duas temperaturas de crioconservação e dois tipos de acondicionamento com oito repetições de vinte e cinco sementes cada uma. Os dados obtidos foram submetidos à análise de variância e as médias dos fatores qualitativos comparadas pelo teste de Tukey, a 5% de probabilidade. Com os resultados obtidos concluiu-se que: o nível máximo de umidade para a crioconservação das sementes das duas variedades de Ricinus communis (nordestina e pernambucana encontra-se entre 4 e 10% base úmida; os melhores resultados de qualidade fisiológica foram obtidos aos 30 dias da crioconservação, podendo essas sementes serem crioconservadas tanto no vapor (-176 ºC como na imersão (-196 ºC em nitrogênio líquido; o canister de alumínio utilizado para acondicionar as sementes mostrou-se superior ao de PVC.The castor bean (Ricinus communis L. has great importance for the economy of the semi-arid region of the northeast of Brazil, responsible for 80% of the national production, but during 1970 and 2000, the net production of this oil crop was reduced

INCLUSIÓN Y ACUMULACIÓN DE NA+ EN DIFERENTES ÓRGANOS DE LA VARIEDAD DE TRIGO CUBA-C-204 COMO RESPUESTA AL ESTRÉS SALINO

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Leandris Argentel

2016-06-01

Full Text Available Se determinó la capacidad de inclusión y los sitios de retención de cationes en una variedad de trigo harinero Cuba-C-204, como posible indicador de toxicidad iónica y daño celular después de tratamiento salino, mediante técnicas de espectrofotometría de absorción atómica, fijación y microanálisis en diferentes órganos de la planta. Plantas fueron cultivadas por 35 días en condiciones de hidroponía en solución nutritiva con dos tratamientos (salinizada y control, con 88 mM de NaCl y sin NaCl, respectivamente. Se cuantificó el contenido catiónico en raíces, vainas y hojas, y en una muestra aleatoria de cada órgano seccionado. Como resultado del tratamiento salino observase que hubo mayor acumulación de Na+ y Ca2+ en los diferentes órganos. En la parte de la raíz más próxima al tallo, y en la base y parte media de la vaina se observó inclusión y concentración significativas de Na+. En la hoja el Na+ se acumuló en la parte más próxima a la lígula y el ápice, estando ausente en la parte media de la hoja. La mayor interferencia nutricional obtenida fue Na+/K+ en las vainas de las hojas, con una relación iónica media de 0.45. El contenido de Ca2+ en todos los casos fue superior en las plantas que crecieron en el medio salino y su concentración aumentó desde la raíz hasta las hojas. Existió congruencia entre los análisis espectrofotométricos y lo observado por microscopía electrónica. Los resultados obtenidos permiten aumentar el conocimiento que se tiene de la variedad como fuente de resistencia al estrés salino.

Effect and mechanism of dioscin from Dioscorea spongiosa on uric acid excretion in animal model of hyperuricemia.

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Zhang, Yi; Jin, Lijun; Liu, Jinchang; Wang, Wei; Yu, Haiyang; Li, Jian; Chen, Qian; Wang, Tao

2018-03-25

Dioscin, a spirostane glycoside, the rhizoma of Dioscorea septemloba (Diocoreacea) is used for diuresis, rheumatism, and joints pain. Given the poor solubility and stability of Dioscin, we proposed a hypothesis that Dioscin's metabolite(s) are the active substance(s) in vivo to contribute to the reducing effects on serum uric acid levels. The aim of this study is to identify the active metabolite(s) of Dioscin in vivo and to explore the mechanism of its antihyperuricemic activity. After oral administration of Dioscin in potassium oxonate (PO) induced hyperuricemia rats and adenine-PO induced hyperuricemia mice models, serum uric acid and creatinine levels, clearance of uric acid and creatinine, fractional excretion of uric acid, and renal pathological lesions were determined were used to evaluate the antihyperuricemic effects. Renal glucose transporter-9 (GLUT-9) and organic anion transporter-1 (OAT-1) expressions were analyzed by western blotting method. Renal uric acid excretion was evaluated using stably urate transporter-1 (URAT-1) transfected human epithelial kidney cell line. Intestinal uric acid excretion was evaluated by measuring the transcellular transport of uric acid in HCT116 cells. In hyperuricemia rats, both 25 and 50mg/kg of oral Dioscin decreased serum uric acid levels over 4h. In the hyperuricemia mice, two weeks treatment of Dioscin significantly decreased serum uric acid and creatinine levels, increased clearance of uric acid and creatinine, increased fractional excretion of uric acid, and reduced renal pathological lesions caused by hyperuricemia. In addition, renal GLUT -9 was significantly down-regulated and OAT-1 was up-regulated in Dioscin treated hyperuricemia mice. Dioscin's metabolite Tigogenin significantly inhibited uric acid re-absorption via URAT1 from 10 to 100μM. Diosgenin and Tigogenin increased uric acid excretion via ATP binding cassette subfamily G member 2 (ABCG2). Decreasing effect of Dioscin on serum uric acid level and

Uso de distintos tratamientos de desinfección en el cultivo in vitro de Dioscorea alata L. clon caraqueño

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Misterbino Borges García

2009-07-01

Full Text Available El cultivo in vitro, como técnica, consiste en cultivar asépticamente una porción aislada de la planta bajo condiciones de ambiente controlado, para que las células expresen su potencial intrínseco e inducido. El presente trabajo tuvo como objetivo determinar el efecto de diferentes concentraciones y tiempos de inmersión en hipoclorito de sodio en el establecimiento in vitro de explantes primarios de ñame (Dioscorea alata L. clon caraqueño. Las variantes de desinfección consistieron en la utilización de diferentes concentraciones de hipoclorito de sodio (1,5; 2 y 2,5% durante distintos tiempos de inmersión (10; 20 y 30 min. A los 7 días se evaluó el porcentaje de contaminación de bacterias y hongos respectivamente, y a los 40 días el número de nudos de novo, la longitud del vástago, el número de hojas, y el porcentaje de explantes establecidos y necrosados. Se aplicó un diseño experimental completamente aleatorizado con análisis de varianza bifactorial y clasificación simple. Se realizó la prueba de comparación de medias de Tukey para un nivel de significación del 5%. Los resultados obtenidos arrojaron que el tratamiento de desinfección de segmentos uninodales de ñame con hipoclorito de sodio al 1,5% durante un tiempo de inmersión 30 min es el de mayor efectividad para el establecimiento in vitro de explantes primarios del ñame (D. alata L. clon caraqueño con altos porcentajes de supervivencia en condiciones ex vitro.

Anti-inflammatory activity of 6-hydroxy-2,7-dimethoxy-1,4-henanthraquinone from tuberous roots of yam (Dioscorea batatas) through inhibition of prostaglandin D₂ and leukotriene C₄ production in mouse bone marrow-derived mast cells.

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Jin, Meihua; Lu, Yue; Yang, Ju Hye; Jo, Tae Hyung; Park, Young In; Lee, Chong-Kil; Park, Sang-Jo; Son, Kun Ho; Chang, Hyeun Wook

2011-09-01

6-Hydroxy-2,7-dimethoxy-1,4-phenanthraquinone (PAQ) isolated from the tuberous roots of Yam (Dioscorea batatas) inhibited cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) dependent prostaglandin D(2) (PGD(2)) generation in mouse bone marrow-derived mast cells in a concentration-dependent manner with IC(50) values of 0.08 μM and 0.27 μM, respectively. In the Western blotting with specific anti-COX-2 antibodies, the decrease of the quantity of PGD(2) was accompanied by a decrease in the COX-2 protein level. But PAQ did not affect COX-1 protein level. In addition, this compound inhibited 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) dependent production of leukotriene C(4) in a dose-dependent manner, with an IC(50) of 0.032 μM. These results demonstrate that PAQ has a dual COX-2/5-LOX inhibitory activity. This compound also inhibited the degranulation reaction in a dose-dependent manner with an IC(50) of 2.7 μM. Thus, these results suggest that PAQ may be useful in regulating mast cell-mediated inflammatory diseases.

RESPUESTA DE DIFERENTES POBLACIONES DE Spongospora subterranea f. sp. subterranea A LA ROTACIÓN ENTRE DOS VARIEDADES DE PAPA (Solanum tuberosum ssp. andigena RESPONSE OF DIFFERENT POPULATIONS OF Spongospora subterranea f .sp. subterranea TO ROTATION OF TWO POTATO CULTIVARS (Solanum tuberosum ssp. andigena

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Sonia Jaramillo Villegas

2007-12-01

Full Text Available En una zona papera del Oriente de Antioquia - Colombia, se realizaron tres experimentos, para conocer el comportamiento de las variedades ICA Puracé, considerada por los agricultores, como resistente a la sarna polvosa de la papa, y la variedad Diacol Capiro susceptible. Se pretendió evaluar si hay un efecto de la rotación, entre las dos variedades con diferentes poblaciones de Spongospora subterranea f sp. subterranea sobre la sarna polvosa. Se utilizaron quistosoros de 23 poblaciones de S. subterranea, extraídos de pústulas presentes en tubérculos o agallas en raíces de diferentes variedades, y procedentes de las regiones más productoras de papa en el país. Se determinó la incidencia y el grado de severidad de dichas poblaciones bajo el proceso de rotación entre ICA Puracé-Diacol Capiro y viceversa, en tres cosechas sucesivas, en condiciones de casa de malla. Se observó que las poblaciones del patógeno, no afectaron el peso, ni causaron síntomas de sarna polvosa en los tubérculos, pero si en las raíces, con diferentes grados de severidad en las dos variedades, con tendencia poco predecible en las distintas cosechas, con niveles bajo (> 0 a 2, medio (> 2 a 6 y alto (>6, siendo mas susceptible la Diacol Capiro, que al parecer favoreció el incremento del inóculo. Diacol Capiro, presentó alta incidencia (23/23 y severidad (algunas poblaciones con grado >6 en el primer ciclo, mientras que la ICA Puracé fue levemente afectada por pocas poblaciones (7/23 de S. subterranea y posiblemente presentó efecto supresivo sobre los quistosoros en el suelo en la rotación (segundo ciclo, puesto que se redujo el grado de severidad (In Antioquia Colombia were realized three experiments with potatoes, to know the behavior of the ICA Puracé cultivar, considered by agricultures as powder scab resistant, and the Diacol Capiro cultivar, which is highly susceptible. It is pretended to evaluate if there is a rotation effect, of the two varieties

Comportamento de seis variedades de pomelo (Citrus paradisi Macfad. cultivadas sob irrigação na região semi-árida de Pernambuco Behavior of six grapefruit varieties grown under irrigation at the semi-arid region of Pernambuco - Brazil

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Ildo Eliezer Lederman

2005-08-01

Full Text Available O uso da irrigação nas regiões semi-áridas do Nordeste brasileiro tem viabilizado o cultivo comercial de inúmeras fruteiras, tais como a uva, a manga, a goiaba, o coco e a banana. Outras espécies, como o pomelo, ou grapefruit, vêm sendo ainda objeto de estudos e avaliações. Uma coleção formada de 06 variedades de pomelos (Citrus paradisi, de polpas com coloração rosa-avermelhada ('Marsh Foster', 'Star Ruby', 'Rio Red' e 'Red Blush' e amarelada ('Triumph' e 'Marsh Foster Nucelar', foi implantada em 1993 na Estação Experimental de Ibimirim, localizada no município de Ibimirim, no Vale do Rio Moxotó - região semi-árida de Pernambuco. Contando com cinco plantas por parcela, a coleção foi conduzida sob irrigação localizada e as avaliações realizadas durante três anos (2000 a 2002. Os resultados demostraram alta variabilidade na produção de frutos, tendo a variedade 'Marsh Foster Nucelar' alcançado a produção média de 135,0 kg/planta, enquanto a 'Star Ruby' atingiu apenas 31,0 kg/planta. O peso médio dos frutos variou de 285,5g ('Red Blush' até um máximo de 401,6g na variedade 'Triumph'. O volume de suco extraído, os sólidos solúveis totais (SST, a acidez total titulável (ATT e a relação SSS/ATT também apresentaram mudanças entre as variedades estudadas.The use of irrigation at the semi-arid region of Northeast Brazil has made feasible several commercial fruit trees crops such as grapevines, mango, guava, coconut, banana and others, like grapefruit, which actually is being studied. A collection formed by six grapefruit varieties showing a pink-red pulp color (Marsh Foster, Star Ruby, Rio Red and Red Blush and a creamy color (Triumph and Marsh Foster Nucelar and consisting of five plants/plot was installed in 1993 at the Ibimirim Experimental Station, located in the Moxotó river valley at the semi-arid region of Pernambuco - Northeast Brazil, under irrigation. Evaluations carried out during three years (from

Selección de variedades de tomate exportable a Estados Unidos: aplicación del modelo de Markowitz para la disminución del riesgo

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Carlos Borbón Morales

2012-01-01

Full Text Available El tomate es la hortaliza más difundida y la de mayor valor económico. La demanda de este producto aumenta constantemente y con ella el monto producido por año. El cultivo del tomate, su procesamiento y venta están influenciados por aspectos económicos, ambientales y financieros. La viabilidad económica se ve afectada, ya que no solo depende de los cambios en las variables macroeconómicas como el tipo de cambio y el precio internacional, sino también de cambios en las condiciones climáticas y costo del paquete tecnológico, entre otras. El agricultor debe elegir las variedades y los tipos de empaque en los cuales invertirá, pues de ello dependerá el margen de utilidad que se obtendrá al finalizar el ciclo.

Capítulo IV: caracterización morfo-agronómica de especies y variedades botánicas del genero Lycopersicon

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Arango Angel Pedro A.

1994-12-01

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En condiciones de invernadero se renovó la semilla de 58 introducciones del género Lycopersicon. En condiciones de campo se evaluaron cerca de 30 plantas de cada una de las introducciones viables. Además, se realizaron 5 cruzamientos, incluyendo los recíprocos, entre cada una de las introducciones viables y las variedades experimentales Chonto-109 y Napoli-1457. De 58 introducciones solo 16 produjeron semilla viable (L. hirsutum-1408, L. glandulusum   1403 y 1404, L. peruvianum-613 y 1409, L. pimpinellifolium-615, L. esculentum-633, L. pennelli- 632, L. esculentum var. ceraciforme- 183, 616. 923, 1140, 1506 Y 1508, L. esculentum varo grandifolium -1217, L. esculentum validum- 1110. Hubo gran variabilidad en emergencia, precocidad, duración de cosecha, cuajamiento de flores, rendimiento y sus componentes, análisis físico-químico de frutos entre las diferentes introducciones. L. peruvianum- 613 y 1409, L. glandulosum- 1403 y 1404 y L. pimpinellifolium 615 presentaron poco ataque de Scrobipalpula absoluta. Las variedades botánicas de L. esculentum presentaron mayores eficiencias de cruzamiento (84.3 % que las especies de Lycopersicon (27.7 %, cuyas eficiencias fueron: L. esculentum (75%, L. pimpinellifolium (50%, L. hirsutum (40%, L. glandulosum (5% y L. peruvianum (2.5%.

The seeds from 58 introductions of the genus Lycopersicon were multiplied in the glasshouse. Thirty seeding of each introductions producing germinated seed were planted for to observe the characteristics of agronomical interest. Five reciprocal crosses were made with two experimental varieties (Chonto-1091 and Napoli-1457 with the purpose of to study the crossing efficiency of the introductions. From 58 introductions planted on1y 16 produced germinated seeds (L. hirsutum- 1408, L. g1andulosum- 1403 y 1404, L. peruvianum-613 y 1409 L. pimpinellifolium- 615, L. esculentum-633 S. pennelli- 632 L. esculentum var. ceraciforme- 183, 616. 923, 1140, 1506 y 1508 L

The protective effect of Rhizoma Dioscoreae extract against alveolar bone loss in ovariectomized rats via regulating Wnt and p38 MAPK signaling.

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Zhang, Zhiguo; Xiang, Lihua; Bai, Dong; Wang, Wenlai; Li, Yan; Pan, Jinghua; Liu, Hong; Wang, Shaojun; Xiao, Gary Guishan; Ju, Dahong

2014-12-12

The aim of this study was to evaluate the osteoprotective effect of aqueous Rhizoma Dioscoreae extract (RDE) on the alveolar bone of rats with ovariectomy-induced bone loss. Female Wistar rats were subjected to either ovariectomy or a sham operation (SHAM). The ovariectomized (OVX) rats were treated with vehicle (OVX) or RDE by oral gavage or with 17β-estradiol (E2) subcutaneously. After treatments, the bone mineral density (BMD), the three-dimensional bone architecture of the alveolar bone and the plasma biomarkers of bone turnover were analyzed to assess bone metabolism, and the histomorphometry of the alveolar bone was observed. Microarrays were used to evaluate gene expression profiles in alveolar bone from RDE-treated and OVX rats. The differential expression of genes was further analyzed using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA). The key findings were verified using real-time quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR). Our results showed that RDE inhibited alveolar bone loss in OVX rats. Compared to the OVX rats, the RDE-treated rats showed upregulated expression levels of 207 genes and downregulated expression levels of 176 genes in the alveolar bone. The IPA showed that several genes had the potential to code for proteins that were involved in the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway (Wnt7a, Fzd2, Tcf3, Spp1, Frzb, Sfrp2 and Sfrp4) and the p38 MAPK signaling pathway (Il1rn and Mapk14). These experiments revealed that RDE could inhibit ovariectomy-induced alveolar bone loss in rats. The mechanism of this anti-osteopenic effect in alveolar bone may be involved in the reduced abnormal bone remodeling, which is associated with the modulation of the Wnt/β-catenin and the p38 MAPK signaling pathways via gene regulation.

"¡Políticos de guante blanco!": La variedad de las transgresiones electorales en el Caribe colombiano a principios del siglo XX

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Jaime Álvarez Llanos

2010-01-01

Full Text Available Este artículo explica algunas tendencias en los comportamientos electorales de los dirigentes, activistas y electores de la región Caribe colombiana a principios del siglo XX, a partir de 1905 y hasta 1930. Se trata de identificar, constatar y tipificar la frecuencia y la variedad de de prácticas que alteraban las leyes electorales y denotaban la ausencia de una cultura política democrática, incidiendo de manera determinante en los resultados de los procesos electorales. El escenario estudiado corresponde a localidades que conformaban la región y el período abordado atañe a las tres primeras décadas del siglo pasado. Además de las fuentes secundarias, se recurrió a fuentes primarias básicas, como la prensa local de la época y los telegramas sobre asuntos electorales que enviaban los actores políticos de la región al Ministerio de Gobierno y que reposan en el Archivo General de la Nación. (AGN.

Conservação pós-colheita de frutos de goiabeira, variedade Paluma Post-harvest conservation of fruit of guava, var. Paluma

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Luiz Gonzaga Neto

1999-01-01

Full Text Available Objetivando aumentar a vida útil de frutos da goiabeira (Psidium guajava L., variedade Paluma, nos primeiros dezesseis dias pós-colheita, foi realizado, no município de Petrolina, PE, região do Vale do São Francisco, um estudo para determinar o efeito da concentração de cálcio (Ca, do ambiente de armazenamento e do tipo de embalagem, na vida útil da goiaba. Foram estudados dois ambientes de armazenamento (condições naturais e ambiente refrigerado, três concentrações de Ca (0,5, 1,0 e 1,5% e dois tipos de embalagem do fruto (saco de polietileno transparente e saco de papel- manteiga. Doze tratamentos foram testados no delineamento de blocos ao acaso, com três repetições, num arranjo fatorial 3x2x2. Foram determinados os parâmetros: perda de peso e da cor verde da casca do fruto, e o teor de sólidos solúveis totais. Verificou-se que frutos da variedade Paluma colhidos "de vez" (frutos completamente desenvolvidos, mas com a casca verde mantiveram suas características comerciais por até dezesseis dias de armazenamento quando foram embalados em saco de polietileno transparente e sem furo, e armazenado em ambiente refrigerado a 10ºC, e 90% de umidade relativa.The study was undertaken to increase the shelf life of fruits of guava (Psidium guajava L. var. Paluma in the post-harvest period in the São Francisco River Valley (Petrolina, PE, Brazil. Effects of calcium (Ca concentration, storing condition and fruit wrapping material in the shelf life of fruit of guava were studied. Twelve treatments were tested in a randomized complete block design, in a 2 x 3 x2 factorial arrangement, comprising the following variables: two storing conditions (natural temperature and refrigerated, three Ca concentrations (0.5, 1.0 and 1.5% and two fruit wrapping materials (transparent poliethylene bag and impervious paper bag. The following guava parameters were evaluated: weight and peel green color losses and total soluble solids. It was observed

Composición química de distintas calidades de aceites de oliva virgen de la variedad “Empeltre” en el bajo Aragón

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Gracia Gómez, Mª Soledad

2001-02-01

Full Text Available The variability of the parameters of chemical composition of virgin olive oil, “Empeltre” variety, in 472 samples coming from the Bajo Aragón region, in three seasons 1996/97, 1997/98 y 1998/99 was studied in this work. The free acidity, peroxide values, ultraviolet absorbances, fatty acid composition, sterolic composition and the level of waxes and polyphenols were analized. Considering their chemical composition, the majority of the analysed oils are of great quality. The oils of the 1997/98 season differ more from those of other seasons, having been affected by the attack of the Dacus oleae, which gave a higger acidity level, raising the peroxides and the waxes as well. The sterolic composition was also affected. The “Empeltre” variety from the Bajo Aragón region shows high values of Delta7 stigmastenol, which in many cases exceed the maximum value of the European Union Commission Regulation.Se ha estudiado la variabilidad de los parámetros de composición química de aceites de oliva virgen de la variedad “Empeltre” , en 472 muestras procedentes de la zona del Bajo Aragón, durante tres campañas (1996/97, 1997/98 y 1998/99. Se ha determinado el grado de acidez, índice de peróxidos, lecturas en el ultravioleta, composición de ácidos grasos, composición esterólica, contenido en ceras y polifenoles. Considerando su composición química, la mayor parte de los aceites analizados son de gran calidad. Los aceites de la campaña 1997/98 son diferentes a los de las otras campañas, habiendo sido muy afectados por el ataque de mosca (Dacus oleae, que produjo un mayor grado de acidez, elevando también el índice de peróxidos y las ceras. La composición esterólica también se vio afectada. El aceite de la variedad “Empeltre” de la zona del Bajo Aragón presenta valores altos de Delta7 estigmastenol, que en muchos casos supera el valor tolerado en el Reglamento Comunitario.

Determinación de algunos atributos de calidad de la variedad Fuji y sus mutantes al momento de cosecha Determination of some quality parameters of the Fuji cultivar and their mutants at harvest

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Ana Cecilia Silveira

2007-03-01

Full Text Available Muchos trabajos demuestran que los productos vegetales no solamente son fuentes de energía y nutrientes sino también fuentes de compuestos conocidos como fitoquímicos, que juegan un importante papel en la prevención de enfermedades como el cáncer, afecciones cardiovasculares y neurodegenerativas. Por otro lado, el aumento en la producción de manzana, determina también un aumento de la producción destinada al procesamiento industrial. En este sentido el conocer el contenido de de ciertas sustancias como polifenoles, antocianinas permiten conocer su potencial de uso industrial, como por ejemplo para la elaboración de jugos. En base a esto los objetivos del presente trabajo fueron realizar una caracterización físico-química de tres variedades de manzana; una de ellas de cultivo tradicional y muy extendido en Brasil y las otras dos mutaciones de esta última, de reciente explotación comercial. Fueron medidos al momento de cosecha la firmeza de la pulpa, acidez titulable (AT, los sólidos solubles totales (SST, el índice de yodo-almidón, los parámetros CIE "L*", "a*" y "b*" del color, polifenoles, antocianinas y azúcares reductores totales y vitamina C. Según los resultados, la variedad Fuji Kiku presentó una mayor firmeza de pulpa, AT, SST y vitamina C. En relación al color, la variedad Fuji Suprema mostró una coloración roja más intensa y mayor contenido de antocianinas. No fueron encontradas diferencias en los polifenoles y azúcares reductores totales.Many studies have shown that fruits and vegetables are not only source of energy and nutrients, but also source of important components as phytochemicals which help preventing cancer, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. The increasing apple production has a direct effect on the production of apple processed products. Therefore, the knowledge about healthy substances as polyphenols and anthocyanins is important in order to determine the potential use of apple fruits

DENSIDAD CRÍTICA DE Meloidogyne exigua EN PLANTAS DE ALMÁCIGO DE CAFÉ VARIEDAD CATURRA

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Mainor Rojas

2013-01-01

Full Text Available El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar el efecto de densidad creciente de Meloidogyne exigua sobre el desarrollo de plantas de almácigo. Se trasplantaron plántulas de café variedad caturra a bolsas de polietileno con 1335 cm3 de sustrato desinfectado, para establecer un ensayo con diseño de bloques completos al azar, con 8 repeticiones. Los tratamientos aplicados consistieron de poblaciones iniciales (Pi de 0; 0,125; 0,25; 0,5; 1; 2; 4; 8; 16; 32 y 64 huevos+J2/ cm3 de sustrato, aplicadas un mes después del trasplante. El modelo y=m+(1-m ZP-T aplicado 234 días después del trasplante para la altura, diámetro, número de nudos y peso fresco aéreo, indicó que el límite de tolerancia (T fue de 0,66; 0,06; 0,13 y 0,88 huevos+J2/cm3, respectivamente; la producción mínima relativa (m fue de 0,79; 0,79; 0,33 y 0,54 respectivamente, a Pi iguales o mayores a 64 huevos+J2/cm3. El índice de agallas alcanzó el máximo a partir de una Pi de 2; el pico máximo de nematodos en el suelo y las raíces se alcanzó con Pi entre 2 y 4; mientras la tasa máxima de reproducción fue de 114 con Pi de 0,125. Se concluyó que la densidad crítica fue cercana a cero huevos/cm3 de sustrato como población inicial, y que el almácigo se debe desarrollar libre de nematodos, ya que aún con Pi bajas se puede alcanzar la máxima población en corto tiempo.

Protocolo para la formación de microtubérculos de ñame (Dioscorea alata L. en sistema de inmersión temporal

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Manuel Cabrera Jova

2009-07-01

Full Text Available Con el propósito de desarrollar un protocolo para la formación de microtubérculos en el clon de ñame Pacala Duclos (Dioscorea alata L. en sistema de inmersión temporal, que pudiera ser usado como alternativa para la propagación de esta especie, se definieron como objetivos de trabajo determinar el efecto del tiempo y la frecuencia de inmersión, así como la influencia del volumen de medio de cultivo por planta cultivada in vitro. Con el empleo de 15 min de inmersión y una frecuencia de inmersión cada 6 horas, se alcanzaron los mejores resultados en cuanto al número de microtubérculos formados por planta. Con este tiempo y frecuencia de inmersión los microtubérculos presentaron la mayor masa fresca y seca, así como el mayor diámetro. Además, a las 18 semanas de cultivo se obtuvo el mayor número total de microtubérculos por sistema y el mayor número de microtubérculos aprovechables como material vegetal de propagación. En cuanto al volumen de medio de cultivo por planta, con 60 ml de medio de cultivo por planta in vitro se alcanzó el mayor número de microtubérculos aprovechables, los cuales presentaron el contenido más alto de materia seca. Los microtubérculos obtenidos en este tipo de sistema de inmersión temporal presentaron una masa fresca superior a 2,40 gMF, lo cual podría permitir su uso como material de plantación directo a campo.Abreviaturas: sistema de inmersión temporal (SIT, gramos de masa fresca (gMF, recipiente de inmersión temporal automatizado (RITA.

Evaluación químico bromatológica de las variedades Yurac Llajum, Gello Llajum y Yurac Checche de Smallanthus Sonchifolius (Poepp & Endl).H. Robinson (Yacón) procedente de Puno

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Ramos Zapana, Rubén; Arias Arroyo, Gladys

2014-01-01

Las variedades Yurac llajum, Qello llajum y Yurac checche de la especie Smallanthus sonchifolius (Poepp & Endl) (Yacón), procedente de la provincia de Sandia del Departamento de Puno, se desarrollan entre 1500 a 3000 msnm. Conocidas como “yacón”, “yakuma”, “llaqón”, “llacun” o “llacuma” en quechua; en aymara “aricoma” o “aricuma“; en español “Yacón”, “Jacón”, “llacón”, “arboloco”, “Puhe”, “jicama”, “jíquima”, “jikima” o “jiquimilla”. Estas raíces tuberosas de sabor dulce y refrescante, de asp...

Supplementing with Opuntia ficus-indica Mill and Dioscorea nipponica Makino extracts synergistically attenuates menopausal symptoms in estrogen-deficient rats.

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Ko, Byoung-Seob; Lee, Hye Won; Kim, Da Sol; Kang, Suna; Ryuk, Jin Ah; Park, Sunmin

2014-08-08

Prickly pear cactus grown in Korea (Opuntia ficus-indica Mill, KC) and Buchema (Dioscorea nipponica Makino, B) have been traditionally used in East Asia and South America to treat various metabolic diseases. The aim of the present study was to determine whether the extracts of KC, B, and KC+B can prevent the impairments of energy, glucose, lipid and bone homeostasis in estrogen-deficient ovariectomized (OVX) rats and to explore their mechanisms. OVX rats were divided into 4 groups and fed high fat diets supplemented with either 3% dextrin (control), 3% KC, 3% B or 1.5% KC+1.5% B. Sham rats were fed 3% dextrin. After 12 weeks of diet consumption, energy, lipid, glucose and bone metabolisms were analyzed and Wnt signaling in the femur and hepatic signaling were determined. OVX impaired energy, glucose and lipid metabolism and decreased uterine and bone masses. B and KC+B prevented the decrease in energy expenditure, especially from fat oxidation, in OVX rats, but did not affect food intake. KC+B and B reduced body weight and visceral fat levels, as compared to the OVX-control, by decreasing fat synthesis and inhibiting FAS and SREBP-1c expression. KC+B and B prevented the increases in serum lipid levels and insulin resistance by improving hepatic insulin signaling (pIRS→pAkt→pGSK-3β). KC and KC+B also prevented decreases in bone mineral density (BMD) in the femur and lumbar spine in OVX rats. This was related to decreased expressions of bone turnover markers such as serum osteocalcin, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and bone-specific ALP levels, and increased serum P levels. KC and KC+B upregulated low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5 and β-catenin in OVX rats, but suppressed the expression of dickkopf-related protein 1. B alone improved energy, lipid and glucose homeostasis, but not bone loss, whereas KC alone enhanced BMD, but not energy, lipid or glucose homeostasis. KC+B synergistically attenuated impairments of bone, energy, lipid and glucose

Antidiabetic Effects of Yam (Dioscorea batatas and Its Active Constituent, Allantoin, in a Rat Model of Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetes

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Hyeon-Kyu Go

2015-10-01

Full Text Available The objective of this study was to investigate the therapeutic efficacies of crude yam (Dioscorea batatas powder (PY, water extract of yam (EY, and allantoin (the active constituent of yam in streptozotocin (STZ-induced diabetic rats with respect to glucose, insulin, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1, C-peptide, glycated hemoglobin (HbAlc, lipid metabolism, and oxidative stress. For this purpose, 50 rats were divided into five groups: normal control (NC, diabetic control (STZ, and STZ plus treatment groups (STZ + PY, STZ + EY, and STZ + allantoin. After treatment for one-month, there was a decrease in blood glucose: 385 ± 7 in STZ, 231 ± 3 in STZ + PY, 214 ± 11 in STZ + EY, and 243 ± 6 mg/dL in STZ + allantoin, respectively. There were significant statistical differences (p < 0.001 compared to STZ (100%: 60% in STZ + PY, 55% in STZ + EY, and 63% in STZ + allantoin. With groups in the same order, there were significant decreases (p < 0.001 in HbAlc (100% as 24.4 ± 0.6 ng/mL, 78%, 75%, and 77%, total cholesterol (100% as 122 ± 3 mg/dL, 70%, 67%, and 69%, and low-density lipoprotein (100% as 29 ± 1 mg/dL, 45%, 48%, and 38%. There were also significant increases (p < 0.001 in insulin (100% as 0.22 ± 0.00 ng/mL, 173%, 209%, and 177%, GLP-1 (100% as 18.4 ± 0.7 pmol/mL, 160%, 166%, and 162%, and C-peptide (100% as 2.56 ± 0.10 ng/mL, 129%, 132%, and 130%. The treatment effectively ameliorated antioxidant stress as shown by a significant decrease (p < 0.001 in malondialdehyde (100% as 7.25 ± 0.11 nmol/mL, 87%, 86%, and 85% together with increases (p < 0.01 in superoxide dismutase (100% as 167 ± 6 IU/mL, 147%, 159%, and 145% and reduced glutathione (100% as 167 ± 6 nmol/mL, 123%, 141%, and 140%. The results indicate that yam and allantoin have antidiabetic effects by modulating antioxidant activities, lipid profiles and by promoting the release of GLP-1, thereby improving the function of β-cells maintaining normal insulin and glucose levels.

Análises físicas, composição centesimal e nutricional de minimilho (Zea mays, L. orgânico de diferentes variedades

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A. S. O. D. Lima

2015-12-01

Full Text Available Atualmente os produtos orgânicos vêm roubando a cena dos produtos tradicionais, por serem saudáveis, livres de agrotóxicos e por gerarem menor impacto no meio ambiente. O minimilho (Zea mays, L. também conhecido como “babycorn”, uma espiga imatura ainda não fertilizada (espiguetas, é uma hortaliça, produto considerado fino que vem ganhando importância no mercado de conservas no Brasil. Esta pesquisa se propôs avaliar a qualidade de minimilho orgânico in natura de diferentes variedades e determinar a composição centesimal e nutricional.Utilizou-se como metodologias analíticas as determinações de rendimento, peso médio, diâmetro e comprimento das espiguetas, além de pH, sólidos solúveis, acidez  titulável, umidade, cinzas, lipídeos,  proteínas, carboidratos e valor energético total. Com os resultados obtidos concluiu-se que as variedades que apresentaram maior rendimento foram Pipoca (48,75%, Eldorado (42,06%e Branco (40,50%, sendo mais recomendadas para o beneficiamento e que o minimilho se trata de um produto de baixo valor calórico, podendo ser indicado em dietas hipocalóricas.Physical analysis, and nutritional composition centesimal babycorn (Zea mays, L. organic variety of differentAbstract: Currently organic products come stealing the show from traditional products to be healthy, free of pesticides and generate less impact on the environment. The lithe corn (Zea mays L. also known as " babycorn " an immature ear is not fertilized  (spikelets, is a vegetable , thin product concerned that has gained importance in the market preserved in Brazil. This research aims to evaluate the quality of organic fresh baby corn in different varieties and determine the composition and nutritional. Used as analytical methodologies determinations yield , average weight , diameter and length of the spikelets , and pH , soluble solids , titratable acidity, moisture, ash , lipids , proteins , carbohydrates and total energetic

Suprimento do silicato de cálcio e a eficiência nutricional de variedades de cafeeiro Effect of calcium silicate suplly and the nutritional efficiency of coffee cultivars

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Adélia Aziz Alexandre Pozza

2009-12-01

Full Text Available Embora não seja considerado nutriente essencial às plantas, o Si é classificado como elemento benéfico ou útil, mas pode alterar a dinâmica nutricional das plantas. Objetivando comparar a eficiência nutricional de variedades de cafeeiro (Catuaí, Mundo Novo e Icatu em resposta à adubação silicatada, realizou-se um experimento em blocos casualizados, com as três variedades de mudas em tubetes combinadas com seis doses de CaSiO3 (T0 = 0, T1 = 0,063, T2 = 0,125, T3 = 0,25, T4 = 0,5 e T5 = 1,0 g dm-3 de substrato. A variedade Icatu teve a maior eficiência de absorção (EA de Cu, Zn, Fe e Si, maior eficiência de uso (EU de N, K, Ca, B e Mn, não diferindo da Mundo Novo com relação aos nutrientes N, Ca e Mn, e maior eficiência de translocação (ET de N, S, Zn e de Fe. A Catuaí teve maior EA de P, K, B e Mn, não diferindo da Mundo Novo com relação aos nutrientes P, K e Mn, maior EU para Mg, S, Cu, Zn, Fe e Si, provavelmente devido à melhor ET desses nutrientes, exceto para Fe e Si. A Mundo Novo foi mais eficiente na absorção de N, K, Ca, Mg, Mn e Si, teve maior EU de P e Mn e maior ET de K, Ca, B, Mn e Si.Silicon is classified as a beneficial nutrient and can improve the nutritional dynamics of plants, although it is not considered an essential nutrient for plants. In an experiment in a randomized block design, three coffee cultivars (Catuaí, Mundo Novo and Icatu were planted in plastic tubes, combined with six doses of calcium silicate (T0=0, T1=0.063, T2=0.125, T3=0.25, T4=0.5 and T5=1.0 g dm-3 substrate, to compare the nutritional efficiency of the cultivars in response to silicon fertilization. Cultivar Icatu showed the higher uptake efficiency (UE of Cu, Zn, Fe, and Si, and efficiency of use (EU of N, K, Ca, B, and Mn, but the later did not differ from Mundo Novo cultivar (N, Ca, and Mn. The efficiency of translocation (ET was higher for N, S, Zn, and Fe. For Catuaí the uptake efficiency of P, K, B, and Mn was higher

Desenvolvimento vegetativo e produção de variedades de cana-de-açúcar em relação à disponibilidade hídrica e unidades térmicas Vegetative development and production of sugarcane varieties as a function of water availability and thermic units

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Alexsandro Claudio dos Santos Almeida

2008-10-01

Full Text Available Objetivou-se, neste trabalho, avaliar padrões de crescimento e de produção de variedades de cana-de-açúcar (Saccharum officinarum L. com os graus-dias e disponibilidade hídrica, durante os cultivos de cana-planta e cana-soca, na região dos Tabuleiros Costeiros Alagoano. O trabalho foi desenvolvido na área experimental de Agrometeorologia da Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Rio Largo-AL, num solo classificado como Latossolo Amarelo coeso argissólico. Utilizou-se o delineamento experimental de blocos cazualizados com cinco repetições e quatro tratamentos: variedades RB92579, RB931530, RB93509 e SP79-1011. As variáveis da cultura utilizadas foram: perfilhamento, altura da planta, índice de área foliar (IAF, acúmulo de matéria seca no colmo e produção final. Foram encontradas diferenças significativas entre as médias de perfilhamento das variedades em todas as épocas amostradas, de forma geral o maior perfilhamento foi observado na variedade RB92579. O crescimento das plantas apresentou curvas de formato sigmoidal, com três fases distintas. Na fase de estabelecimento da cultura, apesar de ter ocorrido ótima disponibilidade hídrica, o crescimento foi lento. Na fase de crescimento vegetativo as plantas não cresceram em potencial, porque houve deficiências hídricas. A fase final ocorreu entre 1500 e 2015 GD na cana-planta e 950 e 1800 GD na cana-soca. A variedade RB92579 alcançou valores de IAF superiores a 3, logo aos 600 GD nos dois ciclos, permanecendo o restante dos ciclos acima desse valor, contribuindo para uma melhor eficiência no uso da água e para o maior acúmulo de matéria seca.This work had the aim of evaluating the growth standard and yield of different sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L. varieties with meteorogical parameter, during the plant and ratoon crop cane in Mesas regions of Alagoas. This work was carried out in an experimental area of Agrometeorology used a randomized outline with five repetition

Invasive species in phytocenosis of Sterlitamak town (Republic of Bashkortostan, Russia)

Science.gov (United States)

Golovanov, Ya M.; Abramova, L. M.; Petrov, S. S.

2018-01-01

There were 69 invasive and potentially invasive species in the flora of Sterlitamak in the Bashkortostan Republic (Russia). Eight are in the most dangerous types of invasive species. The greatest danger is represented by: Acer negundo, Ambrosia trifida, Elodea canadensis and Xanthium albinum. Within the boundaries of Sterlitamak, 21 syntaxa (13 associations and 8 derivated communities) are invasive species. This phytocenosis in an urban environment can be prime targets for plant quarantine actions.

Composição químico-bromatológica e degradabilidade In Situ da matéria seca, proteína bruta e fibra em detergente neutro da casca do fruto de três variedades de maracujá (Passiflora spp Chemical composition and In situ degradability of dry matter, crude protein and neutral detergent fiber of three varieties passion fruit (Passiflora spp shelves

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Cláudio Villela Vieira

1999-01-01

Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a composição químico-bromatológica e as degradabilidades potenciais e efetivas da matéria seca (MS, proteína bruta (PB e fibra em detergente neutro (FDN do resíduo (casca das variedades de maracujá amarela (Passiflora edulis f. Flavicarpa Degener, roxa (Passiflora edulis Sims e doce (Passiflora alata e da mistura das variedades amarela e roxa. Calcularam-se, também, o consumo de MS e as concentrações de amônia, ácidos graxos voláteis e pH no líquido ruminal e a taxa de passagem das fases líquida e sólida da digesta no rúmen de bovinos. Os resíduos (casca in natura apresentaram grande quantidade de água, enquanto a variedade roxa apresentou o maior teor de matéria seca (17,01% e o amarelo, o menor (10,78%. O teor de proteína bruta variou de 9,82% na MS, para a variedade amarela, a 7,53%, para a doce. O teor de fósforo foi 0,13% na MS para a variedade doce, chegando a 0,09, para a roxo, e 0,08%, para a amarelo. Os teores de cálcio, FDN e FDA não diferiram entre as variedades. Às 48 horas de incubação no rúmen, a degradabilidade atingiu ponto máximo para o teor de MS, PB e FDN. Houve interação de tempo e variedade na degradabilidade de MS, PB e FDN. As degradabilidades de PB e FDN foram influenciadas pelas variedades. A DE da FDN foi maior para a mistura (45,85% e menor para a doce (34,61%. O consumo médio de MS foi de 16,90 kg/animal, equivalente a 3,27% do peso vivo ou 156,11 g/kg0,75, quando se utilizou farelo de casca (resíduo com 90% de MS. As concentrações de ácidos graxos voláteis mantiveram-se na faixa de 7,76 a 10,87 mmoles/100 mL. O pH do líquido ruminal variou de 6,03 a 6,75 e o N-amoniacal, de 4,93 a 9,86 mg/100 mL.Chemical composition and the potential and effective degradabilities of dry matter (DM, crude protein (CP and neutral detergent fiber (NDF of passion fruit residue (shelves were studied in the varieties yellow (Passiflora edulis f. Flavicarpa Degener

Avaliação de variedades de morangueiro em sistemas hidropônicos sob casa de vegetação Evaluation of strawberry varieties in hydroponics systems in greenhouses

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Edilson Costa

2008-06-01

Full Text Available Realizaram-se experimentos na Faculdade de Engenharia Agrícola na Universidade Estadual de Campinas, com quatro variedades de morangueiro (Campinas, Seascape, Sweet Charlie e Tudla, em quatro sistemas de produção hidropônica (canal de 100mm, canal de 150mm, canal de 150mm com vaso contendo fibra de coco e tubo vertical contendo casca de arroz carbonizada, em três ambientes protegidos com níveis tecnológicos diferenciados (casa de vegetação sem resfriamento evaporativo do ar e sem injeção aérea de CO2, casa de vegetação com injeção aérea de CO2 e sem resfriamento evaporativo do ar, e casa de vegetação com injeção aérea de CO2 e resfriamento evaporativo do ar. Foram analisadas as produtividades em gramas por planta (P e o número de frutos por planta (NF. Destacou-se como melhor variedade a Campinas. O melhor sistema de cultivo foi o de canais de 150mm com vaso contendo fibra de coco.Experiments were accomplished in the experimental field of the Faculty of Agricultural Engineering at State University of Campinas (Unicamp. Four varieties of strawberry were tested (Campinas, Seascape, Sweet Charlie and Tudla in four hydroponics production systems (100mm and 150mm channels and 150mm channel with a vase containing coconut fiber and a vertical pipe containing carbonized rice skin in three greenhouses with different technical: i greenhouse without air evaporative cooling nor CO2 aerial injection, ii greenhouse with CO2 aerial injection and without air evaporative cooling and iii greenhouse with CO2 aerial injection and air evaporative cooling. The productivity in grams per plant (P and the number of fruits per plant (NF were analyzed. The variety Campinas was better than the others. The best hydroponics system was the 150mm channel with a vase containing coconut fiber.

Evaluación de la selección H, mediante hermanos completos y su síntesis, para resistencia a Diatraea spp. de dos variedades de maíz

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López John Jairo

1986-12-01

Full Text Available El criterio de selección fue el menor número de orificios de salida del insecto, en pares de plantas, hembra y macho, éstas, últimas también auto polinizadas. En infestación natural, se estudió el efecto del sistema de selección en el daño causado por el insecto, y en los caracteres correlacionados: rendimiento, días a floración femenina, prolificidad, altura de mazorca y estatura de planta. Se determinó el avance por ciclo de selección para cada uno de estos caracteres por el método de la regresión, tomando el porcentaje relativo de cada carácter con respecto a la variedad original, para cada uno de los niveles de síntesis en las dos variedades. Se obtuvieron materiales derivados en los que aparentemente se fueron acumulando genes para otros caracteres relacionados con rendimiento.An evaluation of the H selection, through full-sib in them and their synthesis, was carry out, for resistance to Diatraea spp., in two corn varieties (ETO and DIACOL V. 351. The judgment of selection was the less number of holes from the insect exit, in pairs of plants, male and female, these last ones self pollennized. Under natural infestation, the effect of the selection system was studied in the damage caused by the insect, and in the correlate yield character, the femenine floration days, prolificity, ear corn height and plant stature. The advance was determined by the selection cycle of each one ot these characters under the regretion method, taking a relative percentage of each character in respect to the original variety, for each one of the synthesis level. Derived materials were obtained in which genes for the resistance to Diatraea spp., apparently were acumulated, and indirectly genes were qathered for other characters related to the yielding.

INFESTAÇÃO DE MOSCAS-DAS-FRUTAS EM VARIEDADES DE MANGA (Mangifera indica L. NO ESTADO DE GOIÁS INFESTATION OF FRUIT FLY IN VARIETIES OF MANGO IN THE STATE OF GOIÁS

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Juracy Rocha Braga Filho

2007-09-01

Full Text Available

A mangueira (Mangifera indica L. é a principal espécie frutífera da família Anacardiaceae cultivada no Brasil. A expansão dessa cultura nos últimos anos, tanto para o consumo in natura como para a exportação, é limitada por diversas pragas, principalmente pelas moscas-das-frutas. No período de setembro de 1999 a fevereiro de 2000 foi estudado o nível de infestação natural de moscas-das-frutas em dez variedades de manga, em três municípios do Estado de Goiás. Foram obtidos 1.195 pupários, dos quais emergiram 484 adultos de Anastrepha (80% dos insetos identificados, 104 lonqueídeos (17,2 % e 17 braconídeos (2,8%. Das fêmeas identificadas, 77,9% pertenciam ao gênero Anastrepha e 22,08%, a Neosilba. As espécies identificadas foram: A. obliqua (48,78%, A. fraterculus (47,97%, A. sororcula (2,03% e A. turpiniae (1,22%, referida pela primeira vez em frutos de manga no Estado. O parasitóide Doryctobracon areolatus foi encontrado em larvas/pupas de moscas-das-frutas, nas variedades Imperial e Tommy Atkins. As variedades com maiores índices de infestação foram Imperial (15,3 pupários/fruto e 73,611 pupários/kg de frutos, em Goiânia, e Tommy Atkins (7,0 pupários/fruto e 17,503 pupários/kg de frutos, no município de Orizona. Em Goiânia, a variedade Bourbon não foi infestada, e a Sabina apresentou um índice de infestação de 0,076 pupários/fruto e 0,363 pupários/ kg de frutos.

PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Insecta; Diptera; Tephritoidea; avaliação de danos; parasitóides.

Mango (Mangifera indica L. production has expanded greatly in Brazil but several pests, especially fruit flies, have limited both fresh fruit consumption and

Eficiencia de uso del nitrógeno en variedades de papa para industria cultivadas en el sudeste de la provincia de Buenos Aires Nitrogen use efficiency in potato processing varieties grown in the southeast of Buenos Aires province

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Claudia Marcela Giletto

2007-07-01

Full Text Available El objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar la eficiencia de utilización del N (EUN, la eficiencia fisiológica (EFN y la eficiencia agronómica de uso del N (EAN en las variedades Innovator, Russet Burbank, Bannock Russet y Gem Russet bajo disponibilidades de N de 235, 311, 383 y 407 kg N ha-1. Innovator y Russet Burbank fueron las variedades que presentaron la mayor EAN (175,1 y 175,5 kg de tubérculo kg N-1; respectivamente y a su vez las que presentaron una mejor respuesta al agregado de N. Innovator presentó mayor requerimiento de N que Russet Burbank; en tanto que Bannock Russet y Gem Russet presentaron menor EAN (147,5 y 135,6 kg tubérculos kg N-1; respectivamente, no respondiendo al agregado de N en cuanto a la producción de tubérculos. La menor EAN en Bannock Russet se debió a la menor EUN, pero en Gem Russet fue consecuencia de una menor EFN. Sin embargo, dado que estas últimas dos variedades poseen tubérculos con mejor calidad industrial que Russet Burbank, es de interés recabar mayor información respecto a sus requerimientos y estrategias de manejo.The purpose of this work was to determine nitrogen utilization efficiency (NUE, nitrogen physiological efficiency (NPE and nitrogen agronomic efficiency (NAE in contrasting potato varieties Innovator, Russet Burbank, Bannock Russet and Gem Russet with different nitrogen availability (235, 311, 383 and 407 kg N ha-1. Innovator and Russet Burbank showed greater NAE (175,1 and 175,5 kg of tuber kg N-1 and their response to applied N was higher than in other cultivars. Innovator required more nitrogen than Russet Burbank, while. Bannock Russet and Gem Russet showed a lower NAE (147,5 and 135,6 kg of tuber kg N-1 and they did not respond to the applied nitrogen to produce tuber. Bannock Russet showed a lower NAE as a consequence of it low NUE but Gem Russet presented a low NAE as a consequence of it low NPE. However, both cultivars showed a higher processing quality than Russet Burbank

Effects of Dioscorea esculenta and Eubacterium rectale on insulin receptor substrate 1 (Irs1 Expression in skeletal muscle and homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR in diabetic rats

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. Sunarti

2017-01-01

Full Text Available Low expression of insulin receptor substrate 1 (Irs1 is associated with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus (type 2 DM. This study was performed to evaluate the effects of Dioscorea esculenta and Eubacterium rectale on the Irs1 expression in the skeletal muscle and the homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR of diabetic rats. Twenty-five male Wistar rats were divided into five groups i.e. non diabetic rats Group 1; diabetic rats as Group 2; diabetic rats + D. esculenta as Group 3; diabetic rats + E.rectale as Group 4 and diabetic rats + both E. rectale and D. esculenta as Group 5. Rats were made diabetic with induction of intraperitoneally injection of nicotinamide and streptozotocin. After four weeks of the interventions, the blood and skeletal muscles were taken. The Irs1 expression was analyzed with immunohistochemical staining, plasma glucose levels was analyzed using a spectrophotometer, and insulin was analyzed using ELISA methods. All intervention groups reduced plasma glucose levels and HOMA-IRs (p<0.001 and increased Irs1 expression. The greatest reduction of  plasma glucose levels and increase of Irs1 expression in the skeletal muscle were found in Group 4, however, the lowest of HOMA-IR was seen in Group 5. These results suggested that D.esculenta, E.rectale, and the combination reduced plasma glucose levels and HOMA-IR by increasing Irs1 expression in skeletal muscle.

Glycaemic Index Of Uwi, Gadung, And Talas Which Were Given On Rat

OpenAIRE

Sari, Ika Puspita; Lukitaningsih, Endang; Rumiyati, Rumiyati; Setiawan, Irfan Muris

2013-01-01

The aim of the study was the determination of glycaemic index (GI) of local tubers such as Uwi (Dioscorea alata), Gadung (Dioscorea hispida), dan Talas (Colocasia esculenta). Tubers were prepared as raw flour which were administered orally to the rats. Blood were taken at 0; 0,5; 1 and 2 hour after tubers administration. The dose was 2,5 kg/kg body weight (BW) whereas glucose was administered as a standart treatment. Area Under Curve (AUC) was calculated after plotting the graph of time vers...

Aplicación de cubierta de cama con plástico polietileno en la producción de tomate orgánico (Solanum lycopersicum l.) variedad río grande, como alternativa de sostenibilidad medioambiental Pucallpa – 2015

OpenAIRE

Chuyma Tomaylla, Manuel Mario

2015-01-01

El presente trabajo trata de los aspectos más trascendentales del tratamiento de camas de cultivo con el uso del polietileno como acolchado en el cultivo del tomate, el cual es un aporte al ámbito del desarrollo sostenible medioambiental y agrícola, tiene como objetivo: Determinar el efecto de la cubierta de cama con polietileno en la producción de tomate orgánico (Solanum lycopersicum L.) variedad río grande, bajo condiciones de Pucallpa-2015. Los resultados mostraron que las camas con acolc...

Maduración de los Frutos de las Variedades de Mango Tommy Atkins y Kent, Bajo Temperatura y Humedad Relativa Controladas

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Lagos Roa Edilberto

1992-12-01

Full Text Available La presente investigación se llevó a cabo entre finales del año de 1987 y comienzos del año 1988 en el laboratorio de fisiología vegetal de la Facultad de Agronomía de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia, sede de Bogotá. El objetivo principal del trabajo consistió en determinar algunos índices que permitieran conocer los momentos más adecuados de maduración de los frutos de mango en las variedades Tommy Atkins y Kent. Para el efecto, se midió la tasa de respiración durante la maduración del fruto y simultáneamente se determinaron los contenidos de: azúcares totales, almidón, s6lidos solubles, acidez titulable, pH y características organoléptica, Los resultados permitieron concluir que se pueden emplear como índices de maduración: los contenidos mínimos de almidón y acidez titulable, los altos y estables contenidos de azúcares totales, un pH por encima de 4,8 y también las características organolépticas como coloración, aroma y consistencia.

Elaboración de galletas a base de harina de papa de la variedad Parda Pastusa (Solanum tuberosum L.

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Andrés Felipe Cerón Cardenas

2014-04-01

Full Text Available La papa (Solanum tuberosum se considera el cuarto cultivo más importante en el mundo y su consumo ha pasado de producto fresco a producto laborado en forma industrial. En el estudio se determinó el nivel máximo de sustitución de la harina de trigo por harina de papa de la variedad Parda Pastusa en la elaboración de galletas fermentadas dulces. Se utilizó un diseño completamente al azar, donde el factor de estudio fueron el nivel de sustitución, 0%, 30%, 40% y 50%, y las variables de respuesta: sensoriales (color, sabor, textura y aceptabilidad y químicas proximales (materia seca, proteína, ceniza y grasa. No se encontraron diferencias (P < 0.05 en color, textura y aceptación; mientras para la variable sabor fue diferente en los niveles 0% y 30% de sustitución. Para los niveles de sustitución se encontraron, respectivamente, reducciones en contenido de proteína en 7.42%, 17.40% y 23.62%, y de grasa en 25.65%, 42.59% y 55.87%; mientras que la materia seca aumentó 3.83%, 4.95% y 5.62% y el contenido de ceniza en 13.14%, 17.71% y 23.43%, respectivamente. Con la sustitución de 30% se produjeron galletas de buena aceptación mientras que niveles mayores no son recomendables.

Characterization of Sugars and Organic Acids in Commercial Varieties of Table Grapes Caracterización de Azúcares y Ácidos Orgánicos en Variedades Comerciales de Uva de Mesa

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Pablo Muñoz-Robredo

2011-09-01

los atributos primordiales para su consumo fresco. Sin embargo, la mayor��a de los estudios realizados al respecto se han desarrollado en uva para la producción de vino, la cual crece, se cultiva y se procesa de manera diferente a la uva de mesa. Por lo tanto, el objetivo del presente trabajo se centró en caracterizar los cambios en azúcares y ácidos orgánicos a lo largo de su desarrollo en las variedades ‘Thompson Seedless’, ‘Red Globe’, y ‘Crimson Seedless’, producidas bajo las mismas condiciones agroclimáticas. Para cada variedad se realizaron muestreos semanales desde 2 semanas previas a pinta hasta la cosecha comercial. Los azúcares y ácidos orgánicos fueron cuantificados mediante cromatografía líquida de alto rendimiento (HPLC equipados con detectores evaporativos de dispersión de la luz (ELSD y ultra violeta, respectivamente. El rango de concentraciones de ácidos y azúcares encontrados en uva fueron los siguientes: ácido tartárico, 1,28-7,45 g L-1; ácido málico, 0,38-29,92 g L-1, ácido cítrico trazas-1,03 g L-1; fructosa, 0,15-8,74 g (azúcar 100 g (uva-1; glucosa, 0,19-8,71 g (azúcar 100 g (uva-1 and sacarosa 0.02-0.91 g (azúcar 100 g(uva-1. Entre los azúcares, glucosa fue la más abundante en etapas tempranas y luego disminuyó hasta el período de cosecha, cuando la cantidad de fructosa y glucosa converge en un promedio de 47% para cada azúcar. A pesar de que los ácidos orgánicos alcanzaron un nivel constante entre 3 a 4 semanas antes de su cosecha, existen diferencias importantes en el perfil de ácidos orgánicos entre las variedades, con ‘Thompson Seedless’ mostrando la más baja relación de ácidos tartárico/málico de 1,19. Estas diferencias son un punto importante al considerar el sabor general para cada variedad.

Evaluación y selección de un protocolo para la regeneración in vitro de la variedad de tomate Unapal-Arreboles Evaluation and selection of a protocol for in vitro regeneration of tomato variety Unapal-Arreboles

OpenAIRE

Hernando Ramírez; Zaida Lentini; Franco Alirio Vallejo Cabrera

2009-01-01

Se compararon tres medios de cultivo para seleccionar el apropiado para la regeneración in vitro de la variedad de tomate UNAPAL-Arreboles. Se evaluó la producción de callos/explante, brotes/explante y plántulas /explante. El análisis de varianza y la prueba de Duncan permitieron concluir que el medio M3 presentó los mejores promedios para las variables evaluadas.The main objective of this research was to carried out the comparison of three culture medium of major use for in vitro regeneratio...

Morfología de la flor y de la semilla de papaya (Carica papaya L.: variedad Maradol e híbrido Tainung-1

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Gil Arlette Ivonne

2005-12-01

Full Text Available

Con el objetivo de analizar la morfología de la flor y de la semilla de papaya (Carica papaya L. de la variedad ‘Maradol’ y el híbrido ‘Tainung-1’, se recolectó el material vegetal en dos plantaciones y se llevaron al laboratorio de Fisiología de Cultivos, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, con el fin de realizar las descripciones correspondientes de los tres tipos de flores (femeninas, hermafroditas y estaminadas y de la semilla, sus características externas (forma, tamaño, hilo, micrópilo, funículo, rafe y cubierta seminal e internas (cubierta seminal, endospermo y embrión. Se concluyó principalmente que a nivel morfológico las flores y semillas de los dos materiales evaluados mostraron características similares, por tanto, las descripciones dadas en este trabajo son generales para ambos.

Determination of Antioxidant Capacity, Total Phenolic Content and Mineral Composition of Different Fruit Tissue of Five Apple Cultivars Grown in Chile Determinación de la Capacidad Antioxidante, contenido de Fenoles totales y Composición Mineral de Diferentes Tejidos de Frutos de Cinco Variedades de Manzana cultivadas en Chile

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Carolina Henríquez

2010-12-01

antioxidante (ensayo FRAP, Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power y la composición mineral en tres tejidos del fruto (piel, pulpa y fruto entero de las principales variedades usadas en la producción de manzana deshidratada en Chile. Adicionalmente se evaluaron las características físico-químicas (materia seca, pH, acidez titulable, contenido de sólidos solubles y color. Los resultados indican que en todas las variedades estudiadas, el contenido de fenoles totales, la capacidad antioxidante, y la composición mineral de la piel fueron substancialmente mayores que los valores obtenidos en el fruto entero y la pulpa. Entre las variedades analizadas, la piel del cv. Red Delicious presentó significativamente mayor contenido de fenoles totales (11,6 mg equivalentes ácido gálico [EAG] g-1 PF y mayor valor FRAP (209,9 µmol Fe+2 g-1 PF. Adicionalmente, se encontró una alta correlación entre el contenido de fenoles totales y la capacidad antioxidante en todas las variedades y los tejidos del fruto analizados, excepto en la pulpa. Por otro lado, la composición física y química varió. En conclusión, el contenido de fenoles totales, la capacidad antioxidante, la composición mineral, y las características físicas y químicas varían considerablemente, dependiendo de la variedad de manzana y el tejido del fruto analizado.

Influencia del retraso en el procesado de las aceitunas tras la recolección, en parámetros físico-químicos y nutricionales del aceite de oliva de la variedad Racimilla

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Sánchez-Gimeno, A. C.

2009-09-01

Full Text Available The aim of this work was to study how the delay time between harvesting and processing affects the physicochemical and nutritional parameters of Racimilla olive (Olea europaea L. oil. The physicochemical parameters (titratable acidity, peroxide value, coefficients of specific extinction and pigments content changed remarkably. The nutritional parameters such as fatty acids profile, total phenols and vitamin E also suffered a change with the delay in processing. Physicochemical and nutritional parameter modifications were detrimental to olive oil quality. In conclusion, a delay in processing after harvesting is not efficient to preserve the physicochemical and nutritional quality of the olive oil from the Racimilla variety.El objetivo de este trabajo fue estudiar cómo afecta el tiempo que transcurre entre la recolección y procesado en los parámetros físico-químicos y nutricionales del aceite de oliva (Olea europaea L. de la variedad aragonesa Racimilla. Los parámetros físico-químicos (acidez, índice de peróxidos, coeficientes de extinción y contenido en pigmentos se modificaron visiblemente. Los parámetros nutricionales como el perfil de ácidos grasos, contenido en fenoles totales y vitamina E sufrieron también un cambio al retrasar el procesado. Tanto las modificaciones en los parámetros físico-químicos como en los nutricionales fueron negativas desde el punto de vista de la calidad del aceite. A la vista de los resultados, el retraso en el procesado tras la recolección es ineficiente para preservar la calidad físico-química y nutricional del aceite de oliva de la variedad Racimilla.

Optimización de las condiciones de extracción de compuestos fenólicos a partir de cáscara de uva variedad quebranta (Ica, Perú) empleando técnicas convencionales y extracción asistida por ultrasonido

OpenAIRE

Dueñas Zurita, Julia Alicia

2017-01-01

La producción de vino y pisco representa una de las principales actividades agrícolas en todo el mundo, esta producción se acompaña con la generación de grandes cantidades de desechos que son ricos en compuestos bioactivos (especialmente compuestos fenólicos) con capacidad antioxidante. El propósito de este trabajo es seleccionar y optimizar las condiciones de extracción de compuestos fenólicos a partir de cáscara de uva variedad Quebranta provenientes de vinificaciones empleando un método co...

New species of Triplocania Roesler ( Psocodea , ? Psocoptera ?, Ptiloneuridae ), from Brazil and Ecuador

OpenAIRE

Da Silva Neto, Alberto Moreira; Rafael, Jos? Albertino; Aldrete, Alfonso N. Garc?a

2015-01-01

Abstract Four species of Triplocania , three with M3 simple, based on male specimens and one with forewing M3 forked, based on male and female specimens, are here described and illustrated, namely: Triplocania bravoi sp. n. (Napo: Ecuador), Triplocania erwini sp. n. (Napo: Ecuador), Triplocania trifida sp. n. (Mato Grosso and Rond?nia: Brazil) and Triplocania lamasoides sp. n. (Rond?nia: Brazil). They differ from all the other species in the genus, in which the males are known, by the hypandr...

Food processing methods influence the glycaemic indices of some commonly eaten West Indian carbohydrate-rich foods.

Science.gov (United States)

Bahado-Singh, P S; Wheatley, A O; Ahmad, M H; Morrison, E Y St A; Asemota, H N

2006-09-01

Glycaemic index (GI) values for fourteen commonly eaten carbohydrate-rich foods processed by various methods were determined using ten healthy subjects. The foods studied were round leaf yellow yam (Dioscorea cayenensis), negro and lucea yams (Dioscorea rotundata), white and sweet yams (Dioscorea alata), sweet potato (Solanum tuberosum), Irish potato (Ipomoea batatas), coco yam (Xanthosoma spp.), dasheen (Colocasia esculenta), pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata), breadfruit (Artocarpus altilis), green banana (Musa sapientum), and green and ripe plantain (Musa paradisiaca). The foods were processed by boiling, frying, baking and roasting where applicable. Pure glucose was used as the standard with a GI value of 100. The results revealed marked differences in GI among the different foods studied ranging from 35 (se 3) to 94 (se 8). The area under the glucose response curve and GI value of some of the roasted and baked foods were significantly higher than foods boiled or fried (P<0.05). The results indicate that foods processed by roasting or baking may result in higher GI. Conversely, boiling of foods may contribute to a lower GI diet.

Análisis mediante HPLC de la fracción fenólica del aceite de oliva virgen de la variedad Arbequina. Relación con la medida del amargor K225 y la estabilidad

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Uceda, M.

2000-10-01

Full Text Available Phenolic compounds have a high importance because of their effect on shelf life and sensorial characteristics of virgin olive oil. In this paper, the phenolic fraction of Arbequina virgin olive oils has been characterized by HPLC. Bitterness index K225, total phenols and autoxidation stability have been evaluated for olive oil samples. From the phenolic compounds separated using HPLC method, one of then (tr: 34,49 min was close correlated both with bitterness K225 and oil stability Rancimat at 98ºC. The regression coefficients, with high significance p<0,001, were r: 0.974 and r: 0.918 respectively. Phenolic compound responsible of bitterness K225 and oil stability has been found for the Arbequina virgin olive oils.Los compuestos fenólicos tienen gran importancia por su efecto sobre la estabilidad y las características sensoriales de los aceites de oliva vírgenes. En este trabajo se ha analizado mediante cromatografía líquida de alta resolución la fracción fenólica de los aceites de oliva de la variedad Arbequina. Se han determinado el amargor K225, el contenido de polifenoles totales y la estabilidad de los aceites. De los compuestos fenólicos separados por HPLC, existe uno de ellos, con un tr: 34,49 min que presenta un elevado nivel de correlación con el amargor K225 y la estabilidad Rancimat a 98ºC, presentando unos coeficientes de regresión altamente significativos, p<0.001, de r: 0.974 y r: 0.918 respectivamente. Por tanto, se ha establecido el principal responsable del amargor K225 y la estabilidad oxidativa de los aceites de la variedad Arbequina.

Monascus-fermented red mold dioscorea protects mice against alcohol-induced liver injury, whereas its metabolites ankaflavin and monascin regulate ethanol-induced peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ and sterol regulatory element-binding transcription factor-1 expression in HepG2 cells.

Science.gov (United States)

Cheng, Chih-Fu; Pan, Tzu-Ming

2018-03-01

Alcoholic hepatitis is a necroinflammatory process that is associated with fibrosis and leads to cirrhosis in 40% of cases. The hepatoprotective effects of red mold dioscorea (RMD) from Monascus purpureus NTU 568 were evaluated in vivo using a mouse model of chronic alcohol-induced liver disease (ALD). ALD mice were orally administered vehicle (ALD group) or vehicle plus 307.5, 615.0 or 1537.5 mg kg -1 (1 ×, 2 × and 5 ×) RMD for 5 weeks. RMD lowered serum leptin, hepatic total cholesterol, free fatty acid and hepatic triglyceride levels and increased serum adiponectin, hepatic alcohol dehydrogenase and antioxidant enzyme levels. Furthermore, ankaflavin (AK) and monascin (MS), metabolites of RMD fermented with M. purpureus 568, induced peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ expression and the concomitant suppression of ethanol-induced elevation of sterol regulatory element-binding transcription factor-1 and TG in HepG2 cells. These results indicate the hepatoprotective effect of Monascus-fermented RMD. Moreover, AK and MS were identified as the active constituents of RMD for the first time and were shown to protect against ethanol-induced liver damage. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.

Determinación de la composición físico-química y de la digestibilidad in vitro de dos variedades de frijol común Phaseolus vulgaris L. estimación del contenido de pectina y celulosa en el residuo indigerible

OpenAIRE

Víquez Rodríguez, Floribeth; Bonilla Leiva, Ana Ruth

2000-01-01

El propósito de este estudio fue determinar, mediante un estudio de digestibilidad in vitro, la porción indigerible presente en dos variedades de frijol común Phaseolus vulgaris L. consumidas en Costa Rica y cuantificar en dicha porción, dos de los principales polisacáridos no almidonosos causantes de flatulencia: pectina y celulosa. Se determinaron además, las principales características físicas (tamaño y tasa de absorción de agua) y químicas (contenido de proteínas, grasa, cenizas y carbohi...

Ocho Ciclos de Selección Masal Divergente por Mazorcas por Planta en una Variedad Sintética de Maíz

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Torregroza C. Manuel

1974-08-01

Full Text Available Para evaluar la selección masal, como método de mejoramiento genético de maíz, se inició en Tibaitatá a partir de 1956 una serie de proyectos, cuyo objetivo fundamental ha sido el de utilizar dicho método para obtener variedades mejoradas prolíficas y de alta productividad. En 1960 comenzó a aplicarse un sistema divergente de selección masal por mazorcas por planta en Harinoso Mosquera I Sin. 2, una variedad sintética de maíz obtenida del primer ciclo de selección recurrente reciproca, en la cual el otro recurso germoplásmico era Rocamex V 7. Los ocho ciclos de selección analizados en este estudio se obtuvieron en sendos lotes aislados de aproximadamente un cuarto de hectárea. Las siembras se hacían en tal forma que se dejaba una población equivalente a 40 mil plantas por hectárea, así como también se aplicaba una Intensidad de selección del 15 por ciento. No se usó estratificación en el momento de la cosecha. Los ciclos de selección masal divergente obtenidos, se evaluaron en Tibaitatá durante tres años así: de 1968 a 1967, los ciclos 2, 3, 4 y 5; de 1968 a 1970 los ciclos 5, 6, 7 y 8. Para ello, el material se sembró en bloques completos al azar de 16 repeticiones y nueve tratamientos. En todos los experimentos se utilizó la variedad original, como testigo. El tamaño de las parcelas experimentales fue de 2 x 10, para una población máxima de 60 plantas por parcela. En base al promedio de tres años de evaluación en una localidad, el octavo ciclo cie selección para plantas prolíficas mostró una ganancia total del 35 y 39 por ciento para productividad y prolificidad, respectivamente. Cuando estos resultados se expresaron en función de los coeficientes de regresión, los incrementos por ciclo de selección fueron en su orden de 5.93 y 3.43 por ciento. En la selección en sentido opuesto, es decir, en el sistema de escoger plantas con una sola mazorca, el octavo ciclo rindió igual que la variedad

PECULIARITIES OF SECONDARY METABOLITES BIOSYNTHESIS IN PLANT CELL CULTURES

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A.M. NOSOV

2014-06-01

Full Text Available metabolites formation in plant cell cultures of Panax spp., (ginsenosides; Dioscorea deltoidea (steroid glycosides; Ajuga reptans, Serratula coronata, Rhaponticum carthamoides (ecdisteroids; Polyscias spp., (triterpene glycosides, Taxus spp. (taxoids, Stevia rebaudiana (diterpene steviol-glycosides, Stephania glabra (alkaloids. They are some regular trends of secondary metabolites synthesis in the plant cell culture:It can be noted the stable synthesis of the compound promoting cell proliferation. Indeed, cell cultures of Dioscorea deltoidea were demonstrated to accumulate only furostanol glycosides, which promoted cell division. Furostanol glycoside content of Dioscorea strain DM-0.5 was up to 6 - 12% by dry biomass.Panax ginseng and P. japonicus plant cell cultures synthesize as minimum seven triterpene glycosides (ginsenosides, the productivity of these compounds was up to 6.0 - 8.0% on dry biomass.By contrast, the detectable synthesis of diterpene steviol-glycosides in cultivated cells of Stevia rebaudiana initiated in the mixotrophic cultures during chloroplast formation only.Despite these differences, or mainly due to them, plant cell cultures have become an attractive source of phytochemicals in alternative to collecting wild plants. It provides a guideline to bioreactor-based production of isoprenoids using undifferentiated plant cell cultures. 

Ambrosia trifida u Velkého Oseka a Veltrub

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Rydlo, J.; Rydlo, Jar.; Moravcová, Lenka; Skálová, Hana

2011-01-01

Roč. 2011, č. 26 (2011), s. 132-135 ISSN 0862-2035 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z60050516 Keywords : plant invasions * expansion dynamics * environmental conditions Subject RIV: EF - Botanics

Relações entre transpiração máxima, evapotranspiração de referência e área foliar em quatro variedades de mangueira Maximum transpiration, reference evapotranspiration and leaf area relationships for some mango cultivars

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Greice Ximena Santos Oliveira

2009-03-01

Full Text Available Nas condições edafoclimáticas de Cruz da Almas - BA, na Embrapa Mandioca e Fruticultura Tropical, foi realizado um estudo no qual se relacionou a transpiração máxima (Litros m-2 folha/dia -1 de quatro variedades de mangueira (Tommy Atkins, Palmer, Haden e Van Dyke, com áreas foliares totais de 14; 8; 33 e 12 m², respectivamente com a evapotranspiração de referência (ETo. A transpiração das plantas (L dia-1 foi estimada por meio de sensores que realizam o balanço de calor no caule (modelos SAG13; SGB9; SGB16; SGB19 e SGB25, Dynamax Inc. dispostos nos sentidos norte (N, sul (S, leste (E, oeste (W e centro (C de cada planta. A transpiração por unidade de área foliar (Lm-2 folha dia-1 variou em média de 1,58 ao longo do período estudado, e linearmente com o aumento da área foliar total da planta, independentemente da variedade estudada. A transpiração (Litros m-2 folha/dia -1 variou de 0,36 a 3,00, dependendo da demanda atmosférica. A transpiração máxima (T das quatro variedades de mangueira (Litros m-2 folha/dia -1 relacionouse linearmente com a ETo (T = 0,44. ETo; r² = 0,78, sendo um excelente subsídio para o manejo de irrigação por gotejamento nesta cultura.A study relating maximum transpiration (L m-2 leaf day-1 to reference evapotranspiration (ETo for four mango cultivars (Tommy Atkins, Palmer, Haden and Van Dyke, with 14 m², 8 m², 33 m² and 12 m² of leaf area, respectively was carried out at Embrapa Cassava and Tropical Fruits, in the conditions of Cruz da Almas-BA. Plant transpiration (L. day-1 was estimated by heat balance sensors that were installed on the shoots (models SAG13; SGB9; SGB16; SGB19 e SGB25, Dynamax Inc.. The sensors were installed to the North (N, South (S, East (E, West (W and Center(C of each plant. The transpiration per unity leaf area (L.m-2.day-1 varied about 1.58 in average along the studied period and it also varied linearly with the increase in total leaf area, regardless the studied

Efecto de Inhibidores de Pardeamiento y la Técnica de Atmósfera Modifcada en Mango (Mangifera Indica L Variedad Van Dyke Mínimamente Procesado

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Jesús Antonio Galvis Vanegas

2008-06-01

Full Text Available El mango (Mangifera indica L variedad Van Dyke es un fruto apetecido a nivel nacional e internacional por su agradable aroma, intenso color amarillo y buen balance de ácidos/azúcares. La investigación se desarrolló en dos etapas. En la primera se determinó la respuesta de los trozos de fruto a la aplicación de tres inhibidores de pardeamiento en dos concentraciones: (ácido cítrico a 150 y 300 ppm; ácido ascórbico a 250 y 500 ppm y L-Cysteina a 100 y 200 ppm, con relación a la calidad y tiempo de almacenamiento; en la segunda, se estableció el tiempo de vida útil de modo que conserve sus características organolépticas, cuando se combina el mejor inhibidor de pardeamiento, con la técnica de atmósfera modificada en concentraciones de 5% de CO2, 5% de O2 y 90% de N2, empleando dos tipos de empaque: canastillas plásticas y bandejas de icopor, colocadas dentro de bolsas de polietileno de baja densidad (LDPE calibre 2 (0.035 mm de espesor.

A variedade léxica da língua espanhola em dicionários bilíngues espanhol-português para aprendizes brasileiros = The lexical variety of Spanish language in Spanish-Portuguese bilingual dictionaries for Brazilian learners

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Jéssica Aparecida Artico

2011-07-01

Full Text Available Em decorrência de fatores como a globalização e a demografia dos países hispânicos, a língua espanhola tem exercido, sobretudo desde a última década do século XX, grande influência mundial, principalmente em países como o Brasil, geograficamente próximo a países hispano-americanos. Nesse contexto, faz-se necessário pensar a questão davariação linguística da língua espanhola, dentre a qual destacamos a variação léxica. Como toda língua, o espanhol detém um vasto e riquíssimo léxico com diversas variedades relacionadas com as características de cada região: história, cultura, costumes etc. Essadiversidade influencia no desenvolvimento, na ampliação, na renovação da língua, bem como no processo de ensino-aprendizagem. Assim, propusemo-nos a analisar o registro de variedades léxicas da língua espanhola em alguns dicionários bilíngues espanhol-português para aprendizes brasileiros. Para isso, selecionamos alguns exemplos de variedade léxica presentes em um corpus organizado com textos de diferentes gêneros textuais e verificamos se esses itens lexicais estão registrados nos dicionários escolhidos. Como o corpus estáorganizado a partir de textos presentes em manuais didáticos usados no Brasil, nosso objetivo é verificar se o vocabulário com o qual o aprendiz brasileiro entra em contato em situação formal de ensino está registrado nos dicionários analisados.Due to factors such as globalization and the demography of Hispanic countries, the Spanish language has influenced worldwide, especiallysince the last decade of the 20th century, mainly countries which are geographically close to Spanish American countries, such as Brazil. In this context, it is necessary to think of the linguistic variation of the Spanish language, in which we emphasize the lexical variation. As any language, Spanish has a colossal and wealthy lexicon with different varieties related to the characteristics from each region: history

Evaluación en pérdidas de durazno (Prunus persica variedad rubidoux en la granja experimental Tunguavita Paipa, Boyacá, Colombia

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Angela Johana Lemus Cerón

2014-12-01

Full Text Available Boyacá es un departamento colombiano con una posición geográfica privilegiada, cuya economía se basa principalmente en la producción agropecuaria; el durazno representa un renglón importante en la economía frutícola de Boyacá, sin embargo algunas prácticas culturales y de manejo de cultivos inadecuados han generado pérdidas graduales en el proceso productivo. A fin de comparar la producción en un huerto con extensión de 4 ha, distribuido en tres lotes de durazno variedad Rubidoux, en la granja experimental Tunguavita, municipio de Paipa, Boyacá, Colombia, se seleccionó una muestra aleatoria de 150 árboles frutales, marcados de acuerdo a la distribución del huerto de durazno, los datos recopilados en campo se tomaron con base en la producción y a variables de pérdida como número de frutos totales por árbol, frutos sobremaduros, frutos caídos por accidente, frutos aptos no cosechados, frutos desechados por daño. El análisis mostró que al obtener los 3 intervalos de diferencias en cuanto al límite superior e inferior, la producción es mayor en los lotes 1 y 2 respecto al lote 3, para las variables de pérdida el porcentaje fue del 14%, y los parámetros obtenidos, no presentaron diferencias estadísticas.

Caracterización postcosecha y composición química de la batata (Ipomoea batatas (L. Lamb. variedad Topera.

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Auris Damely García-Méndez

2016-06-01

Full Text Available El objetivo de este trabajo fue caracterizar la composición química y calidad postcosecha de la batata variedad Topera proveniente de una producción semi-mecanizada con buenas prácticas agrícolas (BPA. El estudio se realizó en el Laboratorio de Procesamiento Primario de Productos Agrícolas y Bioquímica de Alimentos de la Facultad de Agronomía (FAGRO de la Universidad Central de Venezuela (UCV durante el año 2014. La metodología permitió determinar algunas características físicas, texturales y composición química por los métodos de AOAC (Association of Official Analytical Chemists. Se obtuvieron batatas con un menor coeficiente de variabilidad en el peso (CV: 20,12%, forma (CV: 5,63% y tamaño (CV: 12,80%. Esta respuesta permitió establecer tres categorías de calidad con una baja incidencia de defectos (2,15% y daños físico-mecánicos (30,25%, esta última asociada a la alta resistencia del material (6,25+0,05 kgf/mm. Las batatas presentaron contenidos de azúcares reductores de 9,88%, fibra de 6,19% y proteína de 4,13%; estas características nutricionales sugieren su uso como suplemento alimenticio. La producción semi-mecanizada con la implementación de las técnicas de las BPA, permitió obtener batatas con características de importancia para la agroindustria procesadora de alimentos IV Gama y, a nivel del consumidor, con una calidad física homogénea.

Cosecha temprana, apertura forzada y vida en el vaso de flores de cuatro variedades de clavel (Dianthus cariophyllus L., en invierno y en verano Early harvest, forced flower opening and vase life of four varieties of carnation (Dianthus cariophyllus L. in winter and summer

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A. de. L. Avila

2007-12-01

Full Text Available Se evaluó la cosecha temprana y la apertura forzada de pimpollos con sacarosa, en invierno y en verano, en flores de 4 variedades de clavel (Moresco, Mabel, Nov y Golden Odino. Las flores fueron cosechadas en cinco estados de desarrollo, desde botón cerrado hasta flor abierta (estados 0 al 4, hidratadas en frío (2 ºC con una solución de tiosulfato de plata (0,1 M durante 24 horas y luego transfe ridas a una solución de ácido cítrico (500 mg l-1 y citrato de hydroxyquinoleina (60 mg l-1; la solución de apertura contenía, además, 100 g l-1 de sacarosa. Cuando se completó la apertura de la flor se evaluó tamaño, intensidad de color y vida en el vaso. El tamaño de la flor fue similar en invierno y verano en las varie dades Moresco, Golden Odino y Nov, sin embargo, en todas las variedades la vida en el vaso fue menor en verano. El agregado de sacarosa mejoró la aper tura, el tamaño de las flores e intensificó los colores en todas las variedades y estados de corte. La mayor calidad se logró combinando el agregado de saca rosa y la cosecha en estado 0 -1 en verano y 2 -3 en invierno.Early harvest and forced flower opening with sucrose addition in the preservative solution effects were evaluated during winter and summer, in Moresco, Mabel, Nov and Golden Odino carnation varieties. The flowers were harvested at five dif ferent stages of development: from tight flower buds to open flowers (state 0 to 4. Immediately, these were hydrated during 24 h using a silver thiosulfate solution (0,1 M at 2 ºC. Then, the flowers were treated with a preservative solution containing citric acid (500 mg l-1 and hydroxyquinoline citrate (60 mg l-1, with and without sucrose (100 g l-1. Petal color, vase life and flower size were evaluated when the full open flower stage was obtained. The flower size was similar during winter and summer in Moresco, Nov and Golden Odino, but the vase life was significantly reduced in the summer. The sucrose addition

OBSERVAÇÕES SOBRE DEGENERESCÊNCIA E COMPORTAMENTO EM DIFERENTES ÉPOCAS DE PLANTIO DE QUATRO VARIEDADES DE BATATA (Solanum Tuberosum L. COMMENTS ON DEGENERATION AND BEHAVIOR AT DIFFERENT PLANTING DATES OF FOUR POTATO (Solanum tuberosum L. VARIETIES

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Peter E. Sonnenberg

2007-09-01

Full Text Available

As variedades de batata DELTA-A, HANSA, HYDRA e TONDRA foram plantadas em duas gerações, a primeira na seca e a segunda, nas águas de 1971, em Goiânia. Para o primeiro plantio, usaram-se batatas-sementes importadas, para o segundo, as filhas destas. HANSA, HYDRA e TONDRA produziram mais na segunda geração do que na primeira, devido às melhores condições da época chuvosa. A produção da DELTA-A praticamente não variou nas duas épocas. HANSA foi significantemente superior às outras, em produção total, nas duas épocas e em produção de tubérculos comerciáveis (acima de 33 mm, na época chuvosa. Neste período, seus tubérculos grandes, (acima de 40 mm apresentaram-se com superdesenvolvimento de lenticelas e manchados internamente, ficando comercialmente desvalorizados. A variedade HYDRA destacou-se das demais pela produção de batatas grandes, principalmente na seca. Mostrou-se, porém, muito suscetível à sarna comum, cujo ataque inutilizou grande parte de seus tubérculos. TONDRA foi a variedade que melhor se adaptou ao período chuvoso. Produziu duas vezes mais tubérculos comerciáveis e quase três vezes mais tubérculos grandes, que na seca.

The four potato varieties DELTA-A, HANSA, HYDRA and TONDRA were tested in the dry and in the rainy season of 1971, in Goiânia. Imported certified seed potatoes were used for the first planting and the harvested tubers, for the second. All varieties, except DELTA-A, yielded more in the rainy than in the dry season. This difference was found to be caused by the better water supply during the rainy season. There was no significant influence of the season on the production of DELTA-A. HANSA produced in both seasons significantly more in total weight than the other varieties and more marketable potatoes (over 33 mm in the rainy season. But the large

Un Programa para el Mejoramiento de la Papa en Colombia

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Navarrete R. Manuel A.

1948-12-01

Full Text Available Ha sido presentado un programa para el mejoramiento de la papa en Colombia con varios temas mencionados específicamente, como lo requiere la investigación. Basándose en la simple observación. Se creía que la variedad “Quincha” poseía alguna resistencia al P, infestans. Pero cuando se hicieron inoculaciones con ese hongo en la progenie producida por cruzamiento de esta variedad con otras variedades colombianas, todos se mostraron susceptibles. Se han efectuado varios cruzamientos entre Solanum demisum, reconocido como inmune a la “gota”, algunas variedades colombianas, con líneas inmunes obtenidas por el Profesor Reddick de la Universidad de Cornell y las mismas variedades colombianas. Los primeros trabajos se comenzaron con el objeto de introducir la tolerancia a las heladas entre las variedades colombianas los cruzamientos se hicieron entre Solanum acaule, al cual se le atribuía una cierta resistencia a las heladas, y dos variedades colombianas.

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African Journals Online (AJOL)

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population growth rate and the attendant negative anthropogenic impacts outlined above. The forests of the .... Grass. DIOSCORIACEAE. 46. Dioscorea Brokua. Climber bulbiphyllum. EBENACEAE. 47 ..... Syncerus caffer. African buffalo. *. @.

Host plants of the tarnished plant bug (Heteroptera: Miridae) in Central Texas.

Science.gov (United States)

Esquivel, J F; Mowery, S V

2007-08-01

The tarnished plant bug, Lygus lineolaris (Palisot de Beauvois), has taken on added importance as a pest of cotton in the Cotton Belt after successful eradication efforts for the boll weevil (Anthonomus grandis grandis Boheman). Because the Southern Blacklands region of Central Texas is in advanced stages of boll weevil eradication, blooming weeds and selected row crops were sampled during a 3-yr study to determine lygus species composition and associated temporal host plants. L. lineolaris was the sole lygus species in the region. Thirteen previously unreported host plants were identified for L. lineolaris, of which 69% supported reproduction. Rapistrum rugosum L. Allioni and Ratibida columnifera (Nuttall) Wooton and Standley were primary weed hosts during the early season (17 March to 31 May). Conyza canadensis L. Cronquist variety canadensis and Ambrosia trifida L. were primary weed hosts during the midseason (1 June to 14 August) and late-season (15 August to 30 November), respectively. Sisymbrium irio L. and Lamium amplexicaule L. sustained L. lineolaris populations during the overwintering period (1 December to 16 March). The proportion of females and numbers of nymphs found in R. rugosum, C. canadensis, A. trifida, and S. irio suggests these weeds supported reproductive adults during the early, mid-, and late season and overwintering period, respectively. Medicago sativa L. was the leading crop host for L. lineolaris; Glycine max L. Merrill did not yield L. lineolaris. Few L. lineolaris were collected in Gossypium hirsutum L. These results provide a more comprehensive assessment of host plants contributing to L. lineolaris populations in central Texas.

Ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-ion trap mass spectrometry characterization of the steroidal saponins of Dioscorea panthaica Prain et Burkill and its application for accelerating the isolation and structural elucidation of steroidal saponins.

Science.gov (United States)

Wang, Weihao; Zhao, Ye; Jing, Wenguang; Zhang, Jun; Xiao, Hui; Zha, Qin; Liu, An

2015-03-01

Dioscorea panthaica is a traditional Chinese medicinal herb used in the treatment of various physiological conditions, including cardiovascular disease, gastropathy and hypertension. Steroidal saponins (SS) are the main active ingredients of this herb and have effects on myocardial ischemia and cancer. The phytochemical evaluation of SS is both time-consuming and laborious, and the isolation and structural determination steps can be especially demanding. For this reason, the development of new methods to accelerate the processes involved in the identification, isolation and structural elucidation of SS is highly desirable. In this study, a new ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography-ion trap mass spectrometry (UHPLC-IT/MS(n)) method has been developed for the identification of the SS in D. panthaica Prain et Burkill. Notably, the current method can distinguish between spirostanol and furostanol-type compounds based on the fragmentation patterns observed by electrospray ionization-ion trap mass spectrometry (ESI-IT/MS(n)) analysis. UHPLC-IT/MS(n) was used to conduct a detailed investigation of the number, structural class and order of the sugar moieties in the sugar chains of the SS present in D. panthaica. The established fragmentation features were used to analyze the compounds found in the 65% ethanol fraction of the water extracts of D. panthaica. Twenty-three SS were identified, including 11 potential new compounds and six groups of isomers. Two of these newly identified SS were selected as representative examples, and their chemical structures were confirmed by (1)H and (13)C NMR analyses. This newly developed UHPLC-IT/MS(n) method therefore allowed for the efficient identification, isolation and structural determination of the SS in D. panthaica. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

CARACTERIZACIÓN QUÍMICA DE LA PELÍCULA PLATEADA DEL CAFÉ (Coffea arábica EN VARIEDADES COLOMBIA Y CATURRA

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Diego Sánchez

2012-10-01

Full Text Available La película plateada del café es un residuoque se produce en gran volumendurante los procesos de trilla y torrefacciónde este. En la actualidad no se le daningún tipo de uso, a excepción de servircomo abono o combustible, aunque seríade gran utilidad para mejorar el contenidode fibra en alimentos y así facilitar el procesodigestivo, y también como un potencialantioxidante para mejorar su calidad.En el presente estudio se trabajó con dosmuestras de película plateada provenientesde dos variedades de café representativasdel país, Colombia y Caturra. Sehizo el análisis proximal del contenido defibra extraída y la actividad antioxidantede la película plateada, observando que elcontenido de fibra dietaria total es del70 %, correspondiendo un 95,3 % a la fibradietaria insoluble. Además se realizóextracción de los compuestos fenólicos,empleando un sistema metanol:acetona yla cuantificación por el método espectrofotométricode Folin-Ciocalteau, dondese encontró que el 1,2 % de la películacorresponde a estos compuestos. La actividadantioxidante fue determinada porlos métodos de ABTS, FRAP y DPPHencontrándose 3,75, 7,40 y 1,22 mmolde trolox por 100 g de película plateadarespectivamente, resultado comparablecon otros residuos de frutas que presentanun alto potencial antioxidante. La actividadantioxidante relevante de la películaplateada puede ser atribuida a algunosproductos de la reacción de Maillard,como las melanoidinas.Los resultados encontrados sugierenque la película plateada del café presentaun alto potencial, como ingrediente funcionalen la industria alimenticia, con el fin deposiblemente ser adicionada en alimentosde consumo masivo como pan, galletas,carnes o embutidos, en consideración de sualto contenido de fibra dietaria.

Comportamiento agronómico del cultivo del plátano, variedad curare enano en Sandy Bay Costa Caribe Norte de Nicaragua

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Karen Yaskara Castellón Muller

2018-02-01

Full Text Available Se evaluó el comportamiento agronómico en el cultivo del plátano (Musa paradisiaca de la variedad curare enano en la comunidad indígena Waitna tigni, Sandy Bay Norte, Región Autónoma Costa Caribe Norte (RACCN. Es de carácter experimental, con la siembra de 150 cepas de plátano con peso promedio de 3.5 libras, en un área de 30 x 40 m2. Se utilizó el método triangular con una distancia de 3 metros entre planta y planta e hilera. El manejo aplicado en el cultivo fue semi tecnificado, se realizó con el método tradicional empleado por los comunitarios que toman en cuenta la época de siembra, el clima, las fases lunares, y emplean como herramientas azadones y machetes; este proceso se complementó con la aplicación de fertilizantes, fungicida y nematicida con un plan de aplicación y de manejo del cultivo. Los resultados reflejaron que las variables número de hojas, diámetro de tallo, ahijamiento y dedo (largo, ancho y peso, se asemejan a su carta tecnológica. El rendimiento general fue de 38,250 unidades de plátano por hectárea, equivalente a 14,750 kilogramos por hectárea del producto. De manera general el cultivo presentó un buen comportamiento agronómico, fenológico y de adaptabilidad, por lo que se puede implementar un programa de producción con buen manejo y con fines de comercialización nacional e internacional.

Reacción de 100 variedades de caña de azúcar (saccharum officinarum) del banco de germoplasma del cincae, al carbón (ustilago scitaminea sydow), roya (puccinia melanocephala sydow) y mosaico (sugarcane mosaic virus) en la zona del cantón el triunfo

OpenAIRE

Fiallos Encalada, Freddy Fabian; Quilambaqui Jara, Miguel

2009-01-01

El presente trabajo tuvo como objetivo determinar la reacción de 100 variedades de Caña de Azúcar del Banco de Germoplasma del CINCAE inoculadas, al Carbón (Ustilago scitaminea Sydow), Roya (Puccinia melanocephala Sydow) y Mosaico (Sugarcane Mosaic Virus), las cuales son enfermedades que han causado enormes pérdidas en la producción del cultivo. El ensayo se realizó en el Centro de Investigación de la Caña de Azúcar del Ecuador (CINCAE), ubicado en el cantón El Triunfo, provincia del Guayas. ...

Elaboración de aceitunas denominadas “Green ripe olives” con variedades españolas

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Brenes, Manuel

2005-09-01

Full Text Available Consumers are nowadays demanding a certain type of table olive with low acidity, a pH higher than 4.5 and yellow-green to yellow in colour. These are produced in the USA under the name “green ripe olivesâ€� and their sterilization is absolutely necessary. It was demonstrated in this work that the Spanish olive varieties Manzanilla and Hojiblanca can be elaborated as “green ripe olivesâ€� giving rise to a good quality product. However, it was also observed that after alkaline treatment the olives had to be thoroughly washed. A high volume of wash water was needed to neutralize olive flesh but also to eliminate certain compounds that gave rise to an undesirable odour in the final product as a consequence of the heat treatment. A rapid neutralization of olive flesh with CO2 was not enough to eliminate the off-odor. Likewise, the use of two alkaline treatments instead of only one did not improve the quality of the product. Therefore, it is considered necessary to study new alternative methods of preparing “green ripe olivesâ€� with less wash water volume and better organoleptic olive properties.Existe por parte de los consumidores una demanda creciente de aceitunas de muy baja acidez con pH superior a 4,5 y color verde amarillento/amarillo. Es necesario, por tanto, su esterilización y en Estados Unidos se conocen bajo la denominación “green ripe olivesâ€�. En este estudio se ha comprobado que las variedades españolas Manzanilla y Hojiblanca son susceptibles de elaborarse bajo la denominación “green ripe olivesâ€� aunque después del tratamiento alcalino es necesario llevar a cabo un número elevado de lavados de los frutos con vistas no sólo a neutralizar la pulpa sino también eliminar ciertos compuestos que originan un sabor inaceptable en el producto durante el tratamiento térmico. La neutralización rápida de la pulpa con anhídrido carbónico no es suficiente para reducir el n

Combined amplification and hybridization techniques for genome scanning in vegetatively propagated crops

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kahl, G.; Ramser, J.; Terauchi, R.; Lopez-Peralta, C.; Asemota, H.N.; Weising, K.

1998-01-01

A combination of PCR- and hybridization-based genome scanning techniques and sequence comparisons between non-coding chloroplast DNA flanking tRNA genes has been employed to screen Dioscorea species for intra- and interspecific genetic diversity. This methodology detected extensive polymorphisms within Dioscorea bulbifera L., and revealed taxonomic and phylogenetic relationships among cultivated Guinea yams varieties and their potential wild progenitors. Finally, screening of yam germplasm grown in Jamaica permitted reliable discrimination between all major cultivars. Genome scanning by micro satellite-primed PCR (MP-PCR) and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis in combination with the novel random amplified micro satellite polymorphisms (RAMPO) hybridization technique has shown high potential for the genetic analysis of yams, and holds promise for other vegetatively propagated orphan crops. (author)

Caracterización de la respuesta de tres variedades de rosa a la infección de Peronospora sparsa Berkeley, bajo condiciones de invernadero

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Gómez Sandra

2005-12-01

="Subtle Emphasis" />

Plantas sanas de rosa de las variedades ‘Charlotte’, ‘Classy’ y ‘First Red’ injertadas en los portainjertos ‘Natal Briar’ y ‘Manetti’ y como estacas se inocularon con una suspensión de esporangios de Peronospora sparsa. Posterior a la inoculación, las plantas se mantuvieron por un período de 12 h bajo

Efecto del riego y profundidad de compactación en la producción de soya variedad valluna-5

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Gallardo B. Carlos A.

1992-12-01

Full Text Available

El experimento se realizó durante el segundo semestre de 1992 en el Centro de Investigaciones del ICA en Palmira, con el objetivo de evaluar el efecto de diferentes profundidades de compactación y niveles de  humedad sobre la producción de soya variedad Valluna-5. En un suelo franco sin deficiencias, ni toxicidad por elementos, se estableció el experimento en un arreglo en franjas divididas, con cuatro repeticiones: las parcelas principales fueron los tres niveles de riego y las subparcelas las profundidades de compactación (5, 15 y 30 cm y testigo. El nivel de humedad afectó el rendimiento, peso de 100 semillas y porcentaje de germinación.; mientras que las profundidades de compactación restringieron más la profundidad de raíces. Los tratamientos no afectaron la altura de planta, área foliar, calidad de semilla, porcentaje de grasas y proteínas y toma de elementos (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Mn, Zn, Cu, Fe y B.

 At Instituto Colombiano Agropecuario (ICA in Palmira, an experiment was carried out during the second semester of 1992 to evaluate the effect of different compaction depths and moisture levels on the soybean Valluna - 5 variety. On a loam soil without deficiencies nor toxicity of elements, the experiment was stablished under a split plot arrangement with four repetitions where the principal plots were the three irrigation levels and the subplots were the compaction depths (5, 15, 30 cm and  control. The moisture level was more influential than the compaction depth respect to the yield, weight of 100 seeds and germination percentage, while the compaction depth restricted more the root depth. Height of plants, foliar area, seed quality, oil and protein percentages and uptake of elements (N, P, K, Ca, MG, Mn, Zn, Cu, Fe and B were not affected by the treatments.

Correlações entre compostos fenólicos e atividade antioxidante em casca e polpa de variedades de uva de mesa

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Angela Vacaro de Souza

2018-02-01

Full Text Available Resumo Uvas são consideradas excelentes fontes de compostos fenólicos, quando comparadas a outros vegetais; porém, a grande diversidade entre as cultivares resulta em frutos com diferentes características, tanto de sabor quanto de coloração, o que, certamente, está associado com o conteúdo e o perfil de compostos polifenólicos. Cascas e polpas de amostras de uva no ponto de consumo − tipos “Itália”, “Brasil”, “Rubi”, “Thompson” e “Niágara Rosada” − da região de Campinas e Jundiaí, Estado de São Paulo, foram estudadas com o objetivo de avaliar a atividade antioxidante, a atividade enzimática da peroxidase e da polifenoloxidase e os teores de compostos fenólicos e de ácido ascórbico. A fim de verificar as correlações entre as cascas e polpas das variedades e as características, utilizou-se a Correlação de Pearson, a distância generalizada de Mahalanobis (D2 e, por fim, o agrupamento das diferentes respostas através da análise multivariada. Verificou-se que as cascas das uvas analisadas apresentaram correlação positiva com o conteúdo de compostos fenólicos, a atividade da enzima polifenoloxidase e com o teor de ácido ascórbico, exceto a cultivar “Niágara Rosada”, a qual mostrou maiores valores para estas avaliações. Não houve correlação entre o índice de atividade antioxidante com as demais análises realizadas. As cascas se mostraram uma ótima fonte para estes compostos.

Resposta do silício em condições de estresse salino em feijão caupi variedade Gurgéia

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Anatercia Ferreira Alves

2014-12-01

Full Text Available Conduziu-se um experimento em casa de vegetação do Departamento de Ciência do Solo da Universidade Federal de Lavras com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito do silício na produção de matéria seca na cultura de feijão caupi variedade Gurgéia, submetidas a estresse salino. Adotou-se esquema fatorial em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com 4 repetições e duas plantas por vaso de 3 L de capacidade, em que o primeiro fator referiu-se aos níveis de  NaCl (0; 25; 50; 100 e 150 mmol.L-1 e o segundo  aos níveis de SiO2 (0 e 50 mg.L-1. As soluções foram renovadas em intervalos de 15 dias e aos 90 dias após a semeadura, as plantas foram colhidas e separadas em parte aérea, vagens e raízes, em seguida foram secas para determinação da produção de matéria seca. Observou-se que a adição de silício na dose de 50 ml.L -1 de solução nutritiva contendo NaCl  diminuiu o teor de matéria seca na parte aérea e raíz, com exceção das vagens. Na ausência de silício, a produção de matéria seca nas raízes e parte aérea foram maiores nas mesmas condições de estresse salino e em baixas concentrações de NaCl. A produção de matéria seca foi estimulada na ausência de silício.

Estado, empresariado e variedades de capitalismo no Brasil: política de internacionalização de empresas privadas no governo Lula

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Danilo Rocha

2014-09-01

Full Text Available O artigo analisa a economia política do processo de internacionalização de empresas privadas brasileiras ocorrido durante o governo Lula (2003-2010. A partir de 2005, verificou-se uma expansão do investimento direto brasileiro no exterior, resultado de uma política do governo federal destinada a formar grandes empresas transnacionais capazes de concorrer internacionalmente. Grandes fusões, aquisições e projetos de investimentos no exterior foram financiados por recursos públicos, no âmbito da política industrial operada pelo Banco Nacional de Desenvolvimento Econômico e Social (BNDES, principal banco estatal de fomento ao setor privado no país. Uma característica importante desse movimento foi a concentração em setores nos quais o Brasil já é competitivo, como os intensivos em trabalho e recursos naturais, em contradição com diretrizes originalmente estabelecidas pela própria política industrial do governo Lula, que preconizava o incentivo a indústrias mais intensivas em tecnologia. A partir da análise empírica de casos de internacionalização, argumenta-se que isso ocorreu porque a política pautou-se por demandas de curto prazo de grupos econômicos privados. Utilizando a abordagem institucional das "variedades de capitalismo", conclui-se que a ação do BNDES foi path dependent, no sentido de que dependeu de projetos de viabilidade imediata. Depreende-se do resultado que características institucionais mais gerais da economia brasileira deixam a política industrial do governo federal sujeitas a demandas de curto prazo do setor privado.

In vitro dissolution of gallbladder stone by edible leaves, fruits and homoeopathic medicines

Science.gov (United States)

Das, Ishwar; Singh, Yogendra; Ansari, Shoeb A.; Agrawal, Namita R.

2005-10-01

Gallbladder stone sample of a female patient was analysed by diagnostic, spectroscopic methods and by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Besides cholesterol as the major constituent, bilirubin, creatinine and blood urea were also found to be present in the sample. Bile acid (ursodeoxycholic acid) was used to study its effect on the dissolution of cholestrol present in the stone. Extracts of edible leaves and fruits (amla, lemon and mausammi) and the homoeopathic medicines Berberis vulgaris Q. Dioscorea Q. and Calcarea carb 200 in the concentration range 0-3% (v/v) were found to be effective in the dissolution process in the following sequences: B. vulgaris Q. and Dioscorea Q.> C. carb 200, lemon>mausammi, amla was found to be more effective than jamun and tulsi leaf extracts in the given concentration range.

Combined amplification and hybridization techniques for genome scanning in vegetatively propagated crops

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kahl, G; Ramser, J; Terauchi, R [Biocentre, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main (Germany); Lopez-Peralta, C [IRGP, Colegio de Postgraduados, Montecillo, Edo. de Mexico, Texcoco (Mexico); Asemota, H N [Biotechnology Centre, University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston (Jamaica); Weising, K [School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland (New Zealand)

1998-10-01

A combination of PCR- and hybridization-based genome scanning techniques and sequence comparisons between non-coding chloroplast DNA flanking tRNA genes has been employed to screen Dioscorea species for intra- and interspecific genetic diversity. This methodology detected extensive polymorphisms within Dioscorea bulbifera L., and revealed taxonomic and phylogenetic relationships among cultivated Guinea yams varieties and their potential wild progenitors. Finally, screening of yam germplasm grown in Jamaica permitted reliable discrimination between all major cultivars. Genome scanning by micro satellite-primed PCR (MP-PCR) and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis in combination with the novel random amplified micro satellite polymorphisms (RAMPO) hybridization technique has shown high potential for the genetic analysis of yams, and holds promise for other vegetatively propagated orphan crops. (author) 46 refs, 3 figs, 3 tabs

Nuestra variedad lingüística como variedad biológica

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Danilo Salamanca

2014-05-01

Full Text Available El estudio se centra en señalar problemas esenciales sobre las consecuencias culturales ante la pérdida de idiomas ancestrales, en particular referido al patrimonio lingüístico indígena centroamericano. Señala algunas relaciones entre este proceso y las discusiones sobre la protección de los ecosistemas biológicos de la región, y llama la atención sobre las políticas que existen o deberían existir, para recuperar y preservar tanto el componente cultural (los idiomas como el natural. This study examines essential problems related to the cultural consequences due to the loss of ancestral languages, especially Central American Indigenous languages. It mentions relationships between this process and discussions about the protection of biological ecosystems in the region, and addresses policies that exist, or should exist, to recover and preserve both cultural (linguistic and natural components.

Caracterización de algunos rasgos vegetativos y reproductivos en variedades de aguacate, Persea americana Mill.

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Escandón Gil Gonzalo

1989-12-01

Full Text Available En Palmira (Colombia entre 1984 y 1988 se caracterizó la colección de aguacate, Persia americana Mili. Se halló la ecuación de regresión AF = 89.25 + 0.60 (La -144, R2= 98.58 %, que permite estimar el área foliar (AF con el producto largo por ancho de las hojas (A. Las variedades Mayapan, Oriente 1, Oriente 3, Simonds y los materiales 2, 3, 4, 5 y 6 presentaron épocas de floración definidas, Trinidad y Material 2 presentaron floraciones bajas pero continuas. El porcentaje de flores que llegó a frutos osciló entre 0.03 % para Oriente 3 y 0.57 % para Trinidad. La mayor pérdida de estructuras reproductivas ocurrió en los primeros días de floración. El modelo logístico no describió correctamente el desarrollo de los frutos, por esto se utilizó el modelo de línea recta por fases. Los materiales 2 y 5 presentaron 105mayores pesos de frutos (621 y 626 g; el de menor peso fue Booth 8. La pérdida de peso del fruto durante la maduración fluctuó entre 3.5 Y 12.8 % para el material 2 y Oriente 3 respectivamente. Los materiales de mayor aceptación por la presentación del fruto y sabor fueron los materiales 1, 2 y 5.A collection of avocado, Persea americana Mill, was characterized in Palmira (Colombia between1984 and 1988. It was found that regretion equation AF = 89.25 + 0.60 (LA-144, R2 = 98.58 %, allows to estimate the foliar area with the product length x width of the leaves. The Mayapan, Oriente 1, Oriente 3, Simmonds and Materia.1 2,3,4,5,6, varieties showed defined blooming time, Trinidad and Material 2 showed low and continue blooming times. The percentajes of flowers that matured in fruit fluctuated between 0.03 % of Oriente 3 and 0.57 % for Trinidad. The greater loss proportion of reproductive structures occurred during the first days of flowering. The logistic model did not describe the right developments of fruits, that is why a straight line model by stages was used. Material 2 and 5 showed the greatest fruit weights during

Study on the extraction of dioscin by the ultrasonic- assisted ethanol

African Journals Online (AJOL)

aghomotsegin

2014-02-19

Feb 19, 2014 ... 1Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Key laboratory of Auxiliary ... the effect on extraction yield of dioscin of frequency of ultrasonic, the period of ..... steroidal saponins on Taiwanese yam cultivar (Dioscorea.

Small Yams, Big Deal; Name pequeno, grandes posibilidades

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Henriques, Sasha [International Atomic Energy Agency, Division of Public Information, Vienna (Austria)

2012-09-15

The Dioscorea esculenta, or Chinese Yam as it's called in Ghana, is one of the smallest varieties still in existence. It's being affected by the destruction of natural ecosystems, as well as socio-economic changes.

Determination of the cause of the symptoms on yellow yam (Dioscorea cayenensis Lam.) leaf tissue and their eradication, enriching the culture medium and using techniques of meristem culture, thermo and chemotherapy on in vitro conditions

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Brenes Huertas, Mauricio

2010-01-01

Yams (Dioscorea spp) has been cultivated for exportation in Costa Rica, in North Huetar region. In vitro culture technique has been used for multiplying planting material for many advantages. However, cleaning of viruses that affect has been ineffective. Viruses such as: the potyvirus, potexvirus, cucumovirus . Methods like meristem culture, chemotherapy, thermotherapy and combinations of these have been used for the elimination of virus in plant species. The plants were evaluated in indexing assays, observing symptoms, serological methods and electron microscopy, among others. Other problems that have been affecting in vitro plant are deficient culture media in some nutrient. The presence of some abnormal characteristics in leaf tissue was determined whether have been caused by a virus or a nutritional deficiency in the culture medium. The presence of the virus has tried to find using ELISA and electron microscopy. Tests meristem culture, thermotherapy and chemotherapy have been made for the eradication of a possible virus; which have been assessed by observation of symptomatology and ELISA. The efficiency of the culture medium was evaluated to enrich it with nitrogen or excess iron. None of the suspected virus found in ELISA tests. Filaments are presumably viral particles were found through analysis of ultrastructure, as well as alterations in chloroplasts which indicated the presence of a pathogen or toxicity. Thermotherapy and chemotherapy with the concentration of 40 mg/L of ribavirin have been the most effective for the elimination of symptoms in virus eradication treatments. Assessments nutrient concentrations have shown that the differences between the various treatments used were undetectable. The symptoms presented were caused, according to the conclusions, by a virus which should preferably deal with thermotherapy. (author) [es

Determinación cuantitativa de vitamina C y pigmentos y procesamiento de la papa criolla, variedad yema de huevo (Solanum phureja Juz et Buck

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Isabel Alvarez G.

2009-07-01

Full Text Available Empleando papa pardo'pastusa (Solanum tuberosum como control, se determinó el contenido de Vitamina C total en la papa criolla, variedad Yema de Huevo (Solanum phureja, Juz et Buck y se evaluaron las pérdidas durante la cocción y el freído. Se utilizaron los métodos colorimétrico y densitométrico: el primero dio resultados altos debido a sustancias interferentes; el segundo reportó los siguientes valores: criolla 21 mg/100 g, pardo-pastusa 18 mg/100 g (para muestra fresca. Las pérdidas de Vitamina C de papa criolla con piel fueron durante la cocción {92°C durante 25' de 1 9 % y en el freído (175°C por 3' de 30%. También se analizaron los carotenos y xantofilas dando: carotenos en papa criolla, 1.5 mg/100 g, en pardo-pastusa 0.5 mg/100 g (muestra fresca y xantofilas en papa criolla 0.6 mg/100 g, en pardo-pastusa 0.13 mg/100 g. Se procesó en las siguientes formas no tradicionales: en harinas compuestas aceptadas por ios consumidores, en una sustitución del 2 0% con puré; frita en tajadas con piel y pasabocas de puré. El tiempo de vida fue para frita tres semanas a 16°C V más de una semana a 25°C; para pasabocas cinco semanas y media a 16 C y un mes a 30°C.

CARACTERIZACIÓN MORFOLÓGICA DE HARINA DE SIETE VARIEDADES DE YUCA Y POLVILLO DE FIQUE POR MICROSCOPÍA ÓPTICA DE ALTA RESOLUCIÓN -MOAR- CARACTERIZAÇÃO MORFOLÓGICA DA FARINHA DE SETE VARIEDADES DE MANDIOCA E POEIRA DE FIQUE POR MICROSCOPIA ÓPTICA DE ALTA RESOLUÇÃO -MOAR- FLOUR MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF SEVEN CASSAVA VARIETIES AND FIQUE DUST BY HIGH RESOLUTION LIGHT MICROSCOPY-HRLM-

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DIANA PAOLA NAVIA

2010-12-01

Full Text Available Se evaluaron las características morfológicas de siete variedades de harina nativa de yuca y polvillo de fique. Las muestras fueron dispersadas en albúmina de huevo, posteriormente extendidas sobre placas de vidrio y teñidas con azul de toluidina para su observación al microscopio. Se usó la técnica de Microscopía Óptica de Alta Resolución (MOAR por contraste diferencial de interferencia (DIC, para observar las muestras y caracterizar las imágenes. Se encontraron en las harinas gránulos de almidón esféricos y semiesféricos algunos con formas truncadas, y estructuras fibrosas de diferentes formas. En el polvillo de fique se observaron microfibrillas longitudinales en forma de cintas, celdas y espirales. Este estudio permitió caracterizar la morfología de las materias primas estudiadas, cuya información es punto de partida para la continuidad de su uso en el campo de los materiales biodegradables.Nós avaliamos as características morfológicas de sete variedades de farinha de mandioca nativas e pó de fique. As amostras foram dispersas em albúmina de ovo, em seguida, espalhar sobre placas de vidro e corados com azul de toluidina para observação ao microscópio. Utilizamos a técnica de Microscopia de Alta Resolução de Luz (HRLM com contraste de interferência diferencial (DIC de observar as amostras e caracterizar as imagens. Foram encontradas no amido de farinha de grãos esféricos e hemisférica, truncada e com algumas estruturas fibrosas de diferentes maneiras. Em microfibrilas poeira fique longitudinal foram observados sob a forma de fitas, e as células em espiral. Este estudo permitiu caracterizar a morfología das materias-primas estudadas, cuja informação é o ponto de partida para a sua utilização continuada na área de materiais biodegradáveis.Morphological characteristics of seven varieties of native cassava flour and fique dust were evaluated. The samples were dispersed in egg albumen, then spread on glass

Discriminação de variedades de citros em imagens CCD/CBERS-2 Discrimination of citrus varieties using CCD/CBERS-2 satellite imagery

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Ieda Del'Arco Sanches

2008-02-01

Full Text Available O presente trabalho teve o objetivo de avaliar as imagens CCD/CBERS-2 quanto à possibilidade de discriminarem variedades de citros. A área de estudo localiza-se em Itirapina (SP e, para este estudo, foram utilizadas imagens CCD de três datas (30/05/2004, 16/08/2004 e 11/09/2004. Um modelo que integra os elementos componentes da cena citrícola sensoriada é proposto com o objetivo de explicar a variabilidade das respostas das parcelas de citros em imagens orbitais do tipo CCD/CBERS-2. Foram feitas classificações pelos algoritmos Isoseg e Maxver e, de acordo com o índice kappa, concluiu-se que é possível obterem-se exatidões qualificadas como muito boas, sendo que as melhores classificações foram conseguidas com imagens da estação seca.This paper was aimed at evaluating the possibility of discriminating citrus varieties in CCD imageries from CBERS-2 satellite ("China-Brazil Earth Resouces Satellite". The study area is located in Itirapina, São Paulo State. For this study, three CCD images from 2004 were acquired (May 30, August 16, and September 11. In order to acquire a better understanding and for explaining the variability of the spectral behavior of the citrus areas in orbital images (like as the CCD/CBERS-2 images a model that integrates the elements of the citrus scene is proposed and discussed. The images were classified by Isoseg and MaxVer classifiers. According to kappa index, it was possible to obtain classifications qualified as 'very good'. The best results were obtained with the images from the dry season.

Transport costs component of retail prices of foodstuffs in Ghana ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Dioscorea spp.), maize (Zea mays) and cassava (Manihot esculenta) in Kumasi markets have been studied. The commodities were transported from the hinterlands over distances ranging between 120 km (for plantain and cassava) to 220 km (for ...

Seudolinfoma cutáneo “B”, variedad Linfocitoma cutis: A propósito de un caso CutaneousB-cell pseudolymphoma, Lymphocytoma cutis variety: Apropos of a case

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José Manuel Díaz Fernández

2006-12-01

Full Text Available Se presenta el caso de una paciente con un seudolinfoma cutáneo de células “B” variedad Linfocitoma cutis, entidad caracterizada por procesos reactivos de la piel que pueden confundirse clínica e histopatológicamente con linfomas malignos auténticos. El mayor reto que se presenta en estos casos espoder diferenciar estas 2 entidades entre sí, pues ambas se consideran el espectro de una misma entidad, lo cual le confiere varias implicaciones diagnósticas, terapéuticas y patogénicas, por lo que los pacientes se deben mantener bajo vigilancia estrecha. Se revisan aspectos inmunopatológicos, histológicos y terapéuticos. Esta es la primera observación de presentación faciales nuestro medio.The case of a patient with a cutaneous B-cell pseudolymphoma, Lymphocytoma cutis variety, an entity characterized by reactive processes of the skin that may be clinical and histopathologically mistaken for authentic malignant lymphomas. The greatest challenge for these cases is to be able to differentiate these 2 entities between themselves, since both are considered as the spectrum of a same entity, which confers various diagnostic, therapeutic and pathogenic implications. That's why, the patients should be under close surveillance. Immunopathological, histological and therapeutic aspects are reviewed. This is the first observation of facial manifestations of these entities in our environment.

Composição químico-bromatológica de variedades de cana-de-açúcar (Saccharum spp L. com diferentes ciclos de produção (precoce e intermediário em três idades de corte Chemical composition of sugar cane varieties (Saccharum spp L. with different cycles of production in three cut time

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Alberto Magno Fernandes

2003-08-01

Full Text Available Foram objetivos deste trabalho determinar a composição químico- bromatológica, as frações potencialmente degradável (B2 e indegradável (C da FDN dos carboidratos totais e estimar a repleção ruminal da cana-de-açúcar com diferentes ciclos de produção (precoce e intermediário, em três idades de corte (426, 487 e 549 dias. As análises laboratoriais consistiram na determinação da matéria seca (MS, matéria orgânica, matéria mineral, proteína bruta (PB, extrato etéreo, lignina, fibra em detergente neutro (FDN, FDN corrigida para cinzas e proteína, fibra em detergente ácido (FDA, proteína insolúvel em detergente neutro, proteína insolúvel em detergente ácido e proteína solúvel em detergente neutro. Os nutrientes digestíveis totais (NDT foram calculados por intermédio da composição química. As frações B2, C e a taxa de digestão da fibra, bem como a repleção ruminal, foram estimadas através de parâmetros cinéticos obtidos a partir da incubação in situ. O avanço da idade de corte propiciou aumento nos teores de MS em 9,5%. As variedades intermediárias apresentaram NDT superiores às precoces, as quais destacaram-se pelos mais elevados teores de FDN e FDA, cujos respectivos valores foram 487,56 e 471,03, e 287,87 e 247,54 g/kg MS para as variedades precoces e intermediárias, respectivamente. O NDT aumentou linearmente com a idade de corte, variando de 62,45 a 63,50%; contudo, os teores de FDN e FDA apresentaram comportamento quadrático. As variedades precoces apresentaram maior teor de PB que as intermediárias somente na idade ao corte de 549 dias, contrariamente, o teor de brix foi superior para as variedades intermediárias no último corte. As variedades precoces apresentaram maior repleção ruminal total e menor taxa de digestão da fibra. A fração B2 da fibra, foi reduzida e a C foi linearmente aumentada com a idade das plantas.The objectives of this work were to determine the chemical

Estandarización de un medio de cultivo adecuado para la regeneración de tallos a partir de hojas, utilizando dos variedades colombianas de papa (Solanum tuberosum L..

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Rodríguez Esperanza

2000-06-01

Full Text Available Este estudio reporta un sistema de regeneración simple y eficiente a partir de explantes de hoja de Diacol Capira (DC y Parda Pastusa (PP, dos variedades comerciales de papa cultivadas en Colombia. Un medio único de cultivo es usado tanto para la inducción de callos como para la regeneración de tallos. Se comparó el efecto de diferentes relaciones entre auxinas y citoquininas adicionadas a un medio selectivo para regenerar tallos (4.3 g/L de Sales de Murashige and Skoog (1962, 30 g/L sacarosa, 0.5g/L tiamina, 1 mg/L ácido giberélico, 40mg/L ácido ascórbico y 1.7 g/L fitagel pH 5.7 a partir de explantes de hoja. El análisis de los resultados demostró que todos los explantes de hojas de DC, tratados con zeatina ribósida- ZR (3mg/L, ácido indol -3- acético - AIA (1mg/L y todos los explantes de hojas de PP tratados con ZR (3 mg/L, regeneraron plántulas fuertes y morfológicamente normales. El medio fue utilizado en posteriores experimentos de transformación genética.

Efecto de micorriza vesiculo-arbuscular en café Coffea arabica L. variedad Colombia en almacigo

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Sánchez de Prager Marina

1990-06-01

Full Text Available A fin de seguir el proceso de infección y esporulación de hongos MVA y evaluar el efecto de su inoculación en café variedad Colombia, se efectuó un ensayo en suelo recolectado en Sevilla (Valle. Se establecieron seis tratamientos: suelo natural, natural + refuerzo, desifestado, desinfestado + Entrophospora colombiana, desinfestado + Glomus manihotis y desinfestado + Acaulos Rora myriocarpa. Se obtuvieron plántulas en arena estéril que se trasplantaron e inocularon a los dos meses. La distribución dentro de los tratamientos fue completamente al azar. Se cosecharon 3 plantas/tratamiento cada quince días durante cinco meses. Se evaluó altura, peso seco parte aérea, área foliar, infección en raíces por hongos MVA, esporas/g suelo seco, análisis foliar para N, P, K, Ca y Mg y cualificación de hongos implicados en la simbiosis. En suelo natural predominaron especies del género Glomus G. manihotis, E. colombiana y A. myriocarpa se encontraron haciendo parte de la flora nativa. Ocho días después del trasplante ya había infección por hongos micorrizogenos; las especies evaluadas difirieron en su capacidad infectiva. La mejor esporulación ocurrió a los cien días de trasplante. G. manihotis además de estimular el mayor crecimiento favoreció el desarrollo vegetativo del café, tornó a las plantas más eficientes en la absorción de N, P, K, Ca y Mg, lo cual es de esperarse dado el extenso desarrollo radical que en esta asociación triplica a los valores obtenidos en suelo natural y desinfestado.A greenhouse experiment was carried out in order to monitor the infection, VAM fungi sporulation and the influence of micorrhiza inoculation on Colombia coffe cultivar. The following treatments were set up: natural soil, + inoculum; desinfested soil + Glomus manihotis; desinfested soil + Entrophospora colombiana; desinfested soil + Acaulospora

Yam: a neglected and underutilized crop in Brazil Inhame: uma cultura negligenciada e subutilizada no Brasil

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MVBM Siqueira

2011-03-01

sua vez, as roças usam o sistema de agricultura tradicional de forma a manter e aumentar as variedades locais de inhame. Estudos de outros países, com ênfase na caracterização e melhoramento genético, trouxeram à luz uma necessidade urgente de o Brasil investir em inhame como uma rica fonte de carboidratos, mesmo apesar das mudanças na política alimentar pública. Reverter o atual estigma do inhame é um duplo desafio para a comunidade científica e população como um todo. Este artigo objetiva-se a trazer questões pertinentes sobre as espécies do gênero Dioscorea, um importante grupo para muitas comunidades em países tropicais, contudo ainda pouco conhecido no Brasil.

Enhancement of Diosgenin Production in Plantlet and Cell Cultures ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Enhancement of Diosgenin Production in Plantlet and Cell Cultures of Dioscorea zingiberensis by Palmarumycin C13 from the Endophytic fungus, Berkleasmium sp. Dzf12. Y Mou, K Zhou, D Xu, R Yu, J Li, C Yin, L Zhou ...

Comportamiento productivo y fitosanitario de la nueva variedad de caña de azúcar (Saccharum spp. TUC 95-37 en Tucumán, R. Argentina Productivity and disease tolerance of TUC 95-37, a new sugarcane (Saccharum spp. variety in Tucumán, Argentina

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Ernesto R. Chavanne

2012-06-01

Full Text Available En este trabajo se presenta el comportamiento productivo y fitosanitario del nuevo cultivar de caña de azúcar (Saccharum spp. TUC 95-37, obtenido y seleccionado por el Programa de Mejoramiento Genético de la Caña de Azúcar de la Estación Experimental Agroindustrial Obispo Colombres (Tucumán, R. Argentina. La información que se presenta proviene de 24 cosechas realizadas en ensayos con 18 genotipos, implantados de acuerdo a un diseño experimental de bloques completamente aleatorizados con tres repeticiones. Los ensayos se replicaron en seis localidades de Tucumán y fueron evaluados en cuatro edades de corte (caña planta, soca 1, soca 2 y soca 3 entre los años 2002 y 2005. Las variables toneladas de caña/ha y de azúcar/ha y rendimiento fabril porciento se evaluaron en mayo. Para cada variable, edad y localidad se realizaron análisis de la varianza y pruebas de comparación de medias. También se aplicó la metodología de GGE biplot como herramienta gráfica, para identificar genotipos superiores y estables frente a distintos ambientes de expresión. Se evaluó además el comportamiento fitosanitario de TUC 95-37. Los resultados indicaron que la nueva variedad evidenció un comportamiento productivo similar al de LCP 85-384 en la mayoría de las edades de corte y localidades evaluadas. En caña planta, el nuevo cultivar fue el genotipo más productivo, presentando además una amplia adaptación a diferentes ambientes. En soca 1 y 2, TUC 95-37 resultó segunda en orden de mérito, siendo estable en las diferentes localidades. En soca 3, la nueva variedad evidenció una menor estabilidad frente al ambiente. Con respecto al comportamiento fitosanitario, TUC 95-37 se comportó como moderadasmente resistente a roya marrón (Puccinia melanocephala, a escaldadura de la hoja (Xanthomonas albilineans y a carbón (Sporisorium scitamineum. Se mostró moderadamente susceptible al mosaico (Sugarcane mosaic virus y a estría roja (Acidovorax

Métodos indirectos para estimar masa radical en caña de azúcar, variedad CC 8592

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Mejia M. S.

2004-12-01

Full Text Available En casas de malla (31°C, 58% HR se evaluaron tres metodologías no destructivas (capacitancia eléctrica, amperaje, resistencia eléctrica para estimar la masa radical en caña de azúcar variedad CC 8592. El material vegetal se sometió a diferentes niveles de humedad en el sustrato. Se utilizó un diseño completamente al azar, con 13 repeticiones; las plantas se sembraron en materos plásticos (3 kg con cachaza - carbonilla (3:1; 24 horas antes de las mediciones se saturó el sustrato con agua. Mediante regresión lineal se obtuvieron las siguientes ecuaciones que relacionaron capacitancia (X con masa radical fresca (Y: Y = 6.841X - 49.623 (R2 = 0.829, P < 0.001, y con la masa radical seca: Y = 0.9546X - 7.4649 (R2 = 0.545, P < 0.001. La relación del amperaje con la masa radical fresca fue: Y = 0.4138X - 48.194 (R2 = 0.850, P <0.001 y con la masa radical seca: Y = 0.0577X - 7.2575 (R2 = 0.559, P <0.001; este método presentó mayor confiabilidad que el del capacitómetro. El método de la resistencia eléctrica no presentó resultados confiables. ABSTRACT Indirect methods to estimate the root biomass in sugar cane, cultivar CC 8592. In greenhouses (31°C, 58% RH three nondestructive methods were evaluated (electrical capacitance, amperage electrical resistance to estimate the root biomass. There was used a completely randomized design, with 4 treatments and 13 replications, the plants were seeded in plastic pots (3 kg using a mix of cachaza and fine coal (3:1; 24 hours before the measurements the substrate was saturated with water. By means of linear regression were obtained the following equations that relate fresh root (Y and capacitance (X: Y = 6.841X - 49.623 (R2 = 0.829, P < 0.001; and dry root biomass to capacitance: Y = 0.9546X - 7.4649 (R2 = 0.545, P < 0.001. The relation of fresh root biomass and amperage was Y = 0.4138X - 48.194 (R2 = 0.850, P < 0.001 and dry root biomass with amperage, Y = 0.0577X - 7.2575 (R2 = 0.559, P

Arabidopsis CDS blastp result: AK107061 [KOME

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available AK107061 002-121-E01 At3g52720.1 carbonic anhydrase family protein low similarity to storage protein (diosco...rin) [Dioscorea cayenensis] GI:433463; contains Pfam profile PF00194: Eukaryotic-type carbonic anhydrase 2e-37 ...

Arabidopsis CDS blastp result: AK059525 [KOME

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available AK059525 001-029-D02 At3g52720.1 carbonic anhydrase family protein low similarity to storage protein (diosco...rin) [Dioscorea cayenensis] GI:433463; contains Pfam profile PF00194: Eukaryotic-type carbonic anhydrase 6e-60 ...

Effect of some botanical extracts on post-harvest losses of yam ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

DR EZE

2013-04-17

Apr 17, 2013 ... losses of yam (Dioscorea rotundata) in improved yam ... two locations followed by A. indica while mean rot incidence was highest with no treatment control. In ... dissolved in 24 L of deionized water in a plastic bowl giving a.

Quality control and identification of steroid saponins in crude extracts from Dioscorea zingiberensis C. H. Wright by fingerprint with HPLC-ELSD and HPLC-ESI-Quadrupole/Time-of-fight tandem mass spectrometry

Science.gov (United States)

Zhang, Xinxin; Liang, Jinru; Liu, Jianli; Zhao, Ye; Gao, Juan; Sun, Wenji; Ito, Yoichiro

2014-01-01

In this study, a fingerprint of steroid saponins, the major bioactive constituents in the crude extracts from Dioscorea zingiberensis C. H. Wright (DZW), has been established for the first time by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with evaporative light scattering detector (HPLC-ELSD) and the simultaneous characterization of the steroid saponins by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry and quadrupole tandem time-of-fight mass analyzers detection (HPLC-ESI-Q/TOF). These HPLC analyses were both carried out on a Welchrom C18 column (250 mm × 4.6 mm I.D., 5 μm) with a mobile phase composed of water and acetonitrile under gradient elution. There were 68 common characteristic peaks in the fingerprints, in which 12 of them were confirmed by comparing their mass spectra and retention times with those of the reference compounds. In order to identify the other unknown peaks, their fragmentation behaviors characteristic for the major groups of steroid saponins from DZW with six types of aglycone skeletons were discussed in detail, and possible MS/MS fragmentation pathways were proposed for aiding the structural identification of these components. According to the summarized fragmentation patterns, these peaks were tentatively assigned by matching their empirical molecular formula with those of the published compounds, or by elucidating their quasi-molecular ions and fragment ions referring to available literature information when the reference standards were unavailable. As a result, 22 steroid saponins were found in DZW for the first time. In addition, the quantitative analysis of the 12 known peaks was accomplished at the same time which indicated that there was a great variability in the amount of these active compounds in different batches in the crude extracts. This approach could demonstrate that the fingerprint could be considered to be a suitable tool to comprehensively improve the quality control

Identidad y distribución geográfica de Stemodia durantifolia (Plantaginaceae en la Argentina

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María de las Mercedes Sosa

2012-12-01

Full Text Available Stemodia durantifolia es una especie con dos variedades que crece desde California hasta Chile. La variedad típica se ha citado en trabajos previos para la Argentina y la otra variedad, chilensis fue mencionada hasta el momento para Chile. En este trabajo se descarta la presencia de la variedad típica en el país, se da a conocer su área de distribución y se cita por primera vez a la variedad chilensis para la Argentina. Se describen e ilustran las dos variedades, se incluye un mapa de distribución y una clave para separarla de las restantes especies que crecen en Argentina.Identity and geographical distribution of Stemodia durantifolia (Plantaginaceae in Argentina. The typical variety has been cited in previous studies for Argentina, and the other variety, chilensis, was mentioned so far in Chile. This work rules out the typical variety in the country, describes its geographical distribution and cites for the first time the var. chilensis for Argentina. A description, illustration and a map of distribution of the species with these two varieties are provided, as well as a key to distinguish the other Argentinean species.

El carbón activado y las condiciones de oscuridad en la micropropagación de banana variedad Nanicão

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Maura Isabel Díaz Lezcano

2016-07-01

Full Text Available El objetivo  del trabajo fue evaluar los efectos del carbón activado y las condiciones de oscuridad inicial sobre la propagación in vitro de banana (Musa spp. variedad Nanicão. Fueron empleados 64 ápices  provenientes de hijuelos de 20 - 30 cm. Los tratamientos consistieron en la combinación de dos concentraciones de carbón activado (2 y 3 g/l y dos condiciones de oscuridad inicial (15 y 30 días. El diseño experimental utilizado fue completamente al azar con arreglo factorial 2 x 2 y cuatro  repeticiones. Cada unidad experimental estuvo constituida por cuatro ápices. Las variables evaluadas fueron la tasa media de multiplicación, el porcentaje de supervivencia, oxidación, contaminación y  aclimatización de plántulas. El análisis estadístico consistió en el ANAVA con un nivel de significancia del 5 %. Las medias fueron comparadas a través del test de Tukey al 5 % de probabilidad. Los resultados mostraron que la combinación de 2 g/l de carbón activado y 15 días de oscuridad inicial promovió  el mayor  porcentaje de supervivencia del primer subcultivo que alcanzo 57,30 %.  En la fase de establecimiento el porcentaje de contaminación de los ápices de 39,06 % mientras que en el primer subcultivo  de 22,39 %. La oxidación en la fase de establecimiento fue de 9,37 % y en el primer subcultivo fue de 8,85 %. Se concluye que la  combinación entre la concentración de 2 g/l de carbón activado y 15 días de período de incubación inicial resulta efectiva en el aumento de la supervivencia de los ápices.

Perbanyakan Gembili (Dioscorea Esculenta) Dan Ubi Kelapa (Dioscorea Alata) Menggunakan Bibit Set Mini

OpenAIRE

Diantina, Surya; Hutami, Sri

2014-01-01

Ubi kelapa and Gembili are potential sources of fungsional food, because of their high nutrition content. But their production and utilization in Indonesia remains lack behind, due to their low economic value, requiring long cultivation period and high number of tuber-seeds. Experiment was conducted to identify an efficient seed propagation method using miniset cutting. The experiment was carried out at Cikeumeuh ExperimentalStation, Bogor from December 2011 to January 2013. Tuber-seeds of ub...

Evaluación y selección de un protocolo para la regeneración in vitro de la variedad de tomate Unapal-Arreboles Evaluation and selection of a protocol for in vitro regeneration of tomato variety Unapal-Arreboles

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Hernando Ramírez

2009-01-01

Full Text Available Se compararon tres medios de cultivo para seleccionar el apropiado para la regeneración in vitro de la variedad de tomate UNAPAL-Arreboles. Se evaluó la producción de callos/explante, brotes/explante y plántulas /explante. El análisis de varianza y la prueba de Duncan permitieron concluir que el medio M3 presentó los mejores promedios para las variables evaluadas.The main objective of this research was to carried out the comparison of three culture medium of major use for in vitro regeneration of tomato, to select the more appropriate medium for in vitro regeneration of tomato, variety UNAPAL-Arreboles. The analysis of variance and media comparison was made based on the callus, shoots and plantlets production. The highest efficiency of callus, shoots and plantlets production was obtained with the M3 media.

Evaluación de dos sistemas de riego por goteo en la producción y la calidad de la fruta de pera (Pyrus communis L. variedad Triunfo de Viena

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María Cristina Arenas-Bautista

2012-01-01

Full Text Available El objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar el efecto de la utilización del sistema de doble línea de riego versus el tradicional de una línea por hilera de plantas en la producción y calidad de la pera (Pyrus communis variedad Triunfo de Viena. La investigación se basó en la aplicación de dos tratamientos definidos, uno consistente en una línea de goteo por hilera de plantas con seis emisores de 8 lt/h y otro, con dos líneas de goteo por hilera de plantas con tres emisores de 8 lt/h cada uno Se utilizaron sensores Watermark para medir y controlar el potencial matricial del suelo. Se cubrió el 100% de la evapotranspiración potencial que fue de 55.5 mm/mes. Los resultados obtenidos de las variables hídricas del suelo permitieron programar el riego y garantizar el suministro de agua adecuado en el periodo de déficit hídrico. El tratamiento de doble línea no difirió significativamente del control, lo que indica que utilizar una línea de riego permite obtener una producción y calidad similares con un menor costo inicial del equipo.

Evaluación de dos sistemas de riego por goteo en la producción y la calidad de la fruta de pera (Pyrus communis L. variedad Triunfo de Viena

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Vélez Sánchez Javier Enrique

2012-03-01

Full Text Available El objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar el efecto de la utilización del sistema de doble línea de riego versus el tradicional de una línea por hilera de plantas en la producción y calidad de la pera (Pyrus communis variedad Triunfo de Viena. La investigación se basó en la aplicación de dos tratamientos definidos, uno consistente en una linea de goteo por hilera de plantas con seis emisores de 8 lt/h y otro, con dos lineas de goteo por hilera de plantas con tres emisores de 8 lt/h cada uno Se utilizaron sensores Watermark para medir y controlar el potencial matricial del suelo. Se cubrió el 100% de la evapotranspiración potencial que fue de 55.5 mm/mes. Los resultados obtenidos de las variables hídricas del suelo permitieron programar el riego y garantizar el suministro de agua adecuado en el periodo de deficit hidrico. El tratamiento de doble linea no difirió significativamente del control, lo que indica que utilizar una línea de riego permite obtener una producción y calidad similares con un me- nor costo inicial del equipo.

El alcance del derecho del obtentor

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Pablo Felipe Robledo del Castillo

2006-11-01

Full Text Available En esta conferencia se analiza lo relacionado con la protección de los derechos de obtentor de variedades vegetales en Colombia, para determinar su marco conceptual y normativo vigente. Inicialmente se aborda lo relativo al concepto de obtentor, la Autoridad Nacional Competente, es decir el Instituto Colombiano Agropecuario ICA y el registro nacional de Variedades vegetales protegidas en Colombia. Analizados estos aspectos, se examina el alcance de los derechos de los obtentores de variedades vegetales los cuales se proyectan en determinar el contenido de sus derechos, la extensión, las limitaciones y el agotamiento de los derechos de obtentor de variedades vegetales.

EL RENDIMIENTO DE FRUTO POR CLADODIO DEPENDE DE SUS ATRIBUTOS FÍSICOS EN Opuntia ficus–indica (L. Miller VARIEDAD ‘ROJO PELÓN’

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Ricardo David Valdez-Cepeda

2014-01-01

Full Text Available La especie Opuntia ficus–indica (L. Miller crece en un rango amplio de condiciones ambientales. Esto implica una gran variabilidad de rendimiento y maduración de fruto, entre otros aspectos. El objetivo de este trabajo de investigación fue identificar las dependencias del rendimiento de fruto por cladodio con respecto a la materia fresca o seca de cladodio de fructificación, y a la proporción entre longitud y ancho de cladodios de fructificación. La técnica de curva límite y los datos de 60 cladodios de fructificación terminales de un año de edad y sus 480 frutos de O. ficus–indica variedad ‘Rojo Pelón’ de 20 árboles de nopal de 6 años de edad distribuidos a una densidad de 625 plantas·ha –1 fueron usados. Muchos de los cladodios de fructificación con 144 g (mínimo a 964 g (máximo de materia fresca tuvieron rendimientos de fruto de 409 g o más por cladodio; mientras que la mayoría de los cladodios de fructificación con 14.4 g (mínimo a 78.5 g (máximo de materia seca tuvieron rendimientos de fruto de 409 g o más por cladodio. Longitudes de 21.8 cm a 38.4 cm y anchos de cladodio de fructificación de 15.2 cm a 20.8 cm están asociados al 90 % de los vértices correspondientes (los rendimientos de fruto mayores por cladodio. Esos valores pueden ser usados para realizar la poda con el objetivo de asegurar rendimientos grandes con frutos de peso fresco aceptable y tamaño comercial apropiado.

Establecimiento y multiplicación in vitro de mora de castilla (Rubus glaucus Benth. variedad sin espinas, mediante ápices meristemáticos

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Alina Katil Sigarroa-Rieche

2011-12-01

Full Text Available Se evaluó una técnica de micropropagación de plantas de mora (Rubus glaucus de la variedad sin espinas, a partir de ápices meristemáticos. En la fase de establecimiento se evaluó un protocolo de desinfección utilizando por 5 min solución de jabón detergente comercial y agua + alcohol 70% por 2 min + hipoclorito 3% con dos tiempos de exposición diferentes: T1 por 5 min y T2 por 10 min. Después de desinfectar las microestacas se extrajeron los ápices meristemáticos y se establecieron in vitro bajo un diseño completamente al azar para evaluar dos medios de cultivo: M1 y M2. A partir de las plántulas desarrolladas se efectuó la multiplicación en los medios de cultivo M1, M3 y M4. Ambos tratamientos de desinfección resultaron efectivos alcanzando 100% de desinfección de los explantes con cada uno de ellos. La siembra de ápices meristemáticos permitió el establecimiento de cultivos asépticos y un adecuado desarrollo de los explantes después de seis semanas de cultivo, con prendimiento de 83.4% para M1 y 66.6% para M2. El análisis de varianza (Anova y la prueba de rangos múltiples mostraron que la multiplicación fue mejor en el medio M1 con una mayor tasa de crecimiento y desarrollo del explante, al obtener coeficientes de multiplicación de 7.5 brotes/plántula y una altura promedio de 1.95 cm.

Establecimiento y multiplicación in vitro de mora de castilla (Rubus glaucus Benth. variedad sin espinas, mediante ápices meristemáticos

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Sigarroa Rieche Alina Katil

2011-12-01

Full Text Available Se evaluó una técnica de micropropagación de plantas de mora (Rubus glaucus de la variedad sin espinas, a partir de ápices meristemáticos. En la fase de establecimiento se evaluó un protocolo de desinfección utilizando por 5 min solución de jabón detergente comercial y agua + alcohol 70% por 2 min + hipoclorito 3% con dos tiempos de exposición diferentes: T₁ por 5 min y T₂ por 10 min. Después de desinfectar las microestacas se extrajeron los ápices meristemáticos y se establecieron in vitro bajo un diseño completamente al azar para evaluar dos medios de cultivo: M1 y M2. A partir de las plántulas desarrolladas se efectuó la multiplicación en los medios de cultivo M1, M3 y M4. Ambos tratamientos de desinfección resultaron efectivos alcanzando 100% de desinfección de los explantes con cada uno de ellos. La siembra de ápices meristemáticos permitió el establecimiento de cultivos asépticos y un adecuado desarrollo de los explantes después de seis semanas de cultivo, con prendimiento de 83.4% para M1 y 66.6% para M2. El análisis de varianza (Anova y la prueba de rangos múltiples mostraron que la multiplicación fue mejor en el medio M1 con una mayor tasa de crecimiento y desarrollo del explante, al obtener coeficientes de multiplicación de 7.5 brotes/plántula y una altura promedio de 1.95 cm.

Arabidopsis CDS blastp result: AK241288 [KOME

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available lar to storage protein (dioscorin) [Dioscorea cayenensis] GI:433463; contains Pfam profile PF00194: Eukaryotic-type carbonic anhydrase 3e-44 ... ...AK241288 J065137F18 At2g28210.1 68415.m03425 carbonic anhydrase family protein simi

Arabidopsis CDS blastp result: AK241288 [KOME

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available lar to storage protein (dioscorin) [Dioscorea cayenensis] GI:433463; contains Pfam profile PF00194: Eukaryotic-type carbonic anhydrase 2e-44 ... ...AK241288 J065137F18 At4g20990.1 68417.m03038 carbonic anhydrase family protein simi

Arabidopsis CDS blastp result: AK241288 [KOME

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available lar to storage protein (dioscorin) [Dioscorea cayenensis] GI:433463; contains Pfam profile PF00194: Eukaryotic-type carbonic anhydrase 5e-38 ... ...AK241288 J065137F18 At4g21000.1 68417.m03039 carbonic anhydrase family protein simi

Arabidopsis CDS blastp result: AK241288 [KOME

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available lar to storage protein (dioscorin) [Dioscorea cayenensis] GI:433463; contains Pfam profile PF00194: Eukaryotic-type carbonic anhydrase 2e-45 ... ...AK241288 J065137F18 At1g08065.1 68414.m00882 carbonic anhydrase family protein simi

Arabidopsis CDS blastp result: AK241288 [KOME

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available lar to storage protein (dioscorin) [Dioscorea cayenensis] GI:433463; contains Pfam profile PF00194: Eukaryotic-type carbonic anhydrase 1e-54 ... ...AK241288 J065137F18 At1g08080.1 68414.m00884 carbonic anhydrase family protein simi

Arabidopsis CDS blastp result: AK241288 [KOME

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available lar to storage protein (dioscorin) [Dioscorea cayenensis] GI:433463; contains Pfam profile PF00194: Eukaryotic-type carbonic anhydrase 6e-45 ... ...AK241288 J065137F18 At5g04180.1 68418.m00406 carbonic anhydrase family protein simi

effect of the liming materials and rates on plant growth and nutrient ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Mrs Ify Greg Onwuka

(Elaeis guineensis), raphia palm (Raphia spp), cocoyam (Colocasia esculentus), avocado tree (Persea. Americana), shrubs (mainly Sponelias munibin) and sparsely distributed grasses. The upland farm close to this stream was grown to cassava (Manihot esculenta), pepper (Capsicum spp), and yam (Dioscorea spp). The.

Ionic Liquid-Based Ultrasonic/Microwave-Assisted Extraction of ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Conclusion: Compared with traditional methods, IL-UMAE method uses Ionic liquid-solvent which greatly shortens the extraction time. IL-UMAE as a simple, effective and environmentally friendly approach shows a broad prospect for active ingredient extraction. Keywords: Dioscorea zingiberensis Steroidal saponins, Ionic ...

Propriedades físico-químicas do amido de aveia da variedade brasileira IAC 7 Physicochemical properties of IAC 7 oat starch from Brazilian cultivars

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Melicia Cintia Galdeano

2009-12-01

Full Text Available Este estudo caracterizou o amido de aveia da variedade IAC-7 quanto às suas características químicas, reológicas, funcionais e térmicas. O amido de aveia apresentou 1,36% de lipídios, 32,23% de amilose e baixa capacidade retrogradante (9,19% após 30 dias de armazenagem. Embora o amido de aveia tenha apresentado alto teor de amilose, sua baixa retrogradação pode ser devida à presença dos lipídios que, por impedimento estérico, dificultariam a reaproximação das cadeias poliméricas. O comportamento reológico das pastas de amido de aveia foi caracterizado como sendo pseudoplático. A baixa temperatura de gelatinização (64,71 °C do amido de aveia também pode estar relacionada ao maior teor de lipídio deste amido.This study characterized the chemical, rheological, functional and thermal properties of oat starch of IAC-7 variety. The oat starch showed 1.36% of lipids, 32.23% of amylose and low retrogradation capacity (9.19% after 30 days of storage. Although the oat starch has presented high amylose content, its low retrogradation may be due to the presence of lipids that by steric impediment could make it difficult for the polymeric chains to approach. The rheological behavior of oat starch was characterized as pseudoplastic. The low gelatinization temperature (64.71 °C of the starch may be related to its higher lipid content.

Composição química e avaliação da atividade antibacteriana e toxicidade do óleo essencial de Croton zehntneri (variedade estragol

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José G. M. da Costa

Full Text Available Tendo em vista que bactérias resistentes a antimicrobianos representam um desafio no tratamento de infecções, é notória a necessidade de encontrar novas substâncias com propriedades antimicrobianas para serem utilizadas no combate a esses microrganismos. Este trabalho relata a avaliação da atividade antibacteriana, toxicidade e identificação dos componentes químicos do óleo essencial de Croton zehntneri (variedade estragol, planta utilizada na medicina popular como calmante e estimulante do apetite. A atividade antimicrobiana e a concentração inibitória mínima (CIM foram determinadas pelo método de difusão em discos. A avaliação da toxicidade foi realizada frente à Artemia salina com resultado considerado ativo (CL50 < 100 µg/mL. O óleo essencial das folhas apresentou atividade antibacteriana frente a todas as bactérias testadas exceto contra Salmonella typhimurium, sendo o melhor resultado frente a Shigella flexneri com CIM de 50 µg/mL. A análise da composição química foi obtida por cromatografia gasosa acoplada a espectrometria de massa (CG/EM e permitiu identificar um total de 97,4% dos componentes, com presença majoritária de estragol (76,8%. A presença de tal constituinte nos impulsiona a realização de estudos com outras bactérias, já que o estragol foi anteriormente relatado como sendo responsável por atividades antibacterianas.

Influência de calcário e fósforo no desenvolvimento e produção de variedades de maracujazeiro-amarelo Influence of limestone and phosphorus in development and production of varieties of yellow passion fruit

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Edilson Carvalho Brasil

2010-09-01

Full Text Available Com objetivo de avaliar o efeito da aplicação de calcário e fósforo sobre o desenvolvimento de duas variedades de maracujazeiro, foi desenvolvido experimento em casa de vegetação no Instituto de Ciências Agrárias da Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia (UFRA. Utilizou-se como substrato Latossolo Amarelo distrófico, textura média. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados, em esquema fatorial 4x4x2, com 32 tratamentos e 4 repetições, totalizando 128 parcelas. Os fatores estudados foram quatro doses de fósforo (0; 100; 200 e 300 mg dm-3 de P na forma de superfosfato triplo (SFT; quatro níveis de saturação por bases (inicial = 15%, 40%, 65% e 90% e duas variedades de maracujazeiro (Golden Star e CPATU-Casca fina. Como corretivo de acidez do solo, foram utilizados carbonato de cálcio (CaCO3 e carbonato de magnésio (MgCO3. Após 50 dias da instalação do experimento, realizaram-se as avaliações nas variáveis biológicas indicativas do desenvolvimento da planta, como: altura, diâmetro do caule e massa seca da parte aérea. A aplicação combinada de fósforo e de calcário influenciou positivamente no desenvolvimento e na massa seca de plantas de maracujazeiro. A maior produção de massa seca foi obtida com aplicação combinada de 160 mg dm-3 de P em solo com saturação por bases estimada de 47%, que esteve associada às concentrações de P e de Ca de 143 mg dm-3 e 2,9 cmol c dm-3 no solo; e a teores de 2,6 e 10,8 g kg-1 na massa seca da parte aérea, respectivamente. A variedade CPATU Casca fina foi superior, em termos de diâmetros médios de caule e massa seca da parte aérea.Aiming to evaluate the effect of the application of lime and phosphorus on the development of seedling of two passion fruit varieties, a pot trial was carried out under greenhouse conditions at the Institute of Agricultural Sciences of the Rural Federal University of Amazônia (UFRA, using samples of an Oxisol. The experimental design

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African Journals Online (AJOL)

Nutritional, Physical and Culinary Characteristics of Tuberous Roots of Newly Developed Sweetpotato Genotypes in Nigeria Abstract · Vol 43 (2012) - Articles Yield Evaluation and Morphological Variability of Tubers of Intra-Specific Hybrids of Dioscorea Rotundata Abstract · Vol 43 (2012) - Articles Socio-Economic ...

West African Journal of Pharmacology and Drug Research - Vol 25 ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Etude de l'amidon d'igname (dioscorea cayenensisrotundata) variete kponan en granulation par vobe humide dans la formulation de comprimes a base de chloroqueve diphosphate. EMAIL FULL TEXT EMAIL FULL TEXT · DOWNLOAD FULL TEXT DOWNLOAD FULL TEXT. I.I Dally, A Koffi, S Coulibaly.

ESTRATIFICAÇÃO AMBIENTAL PARA AVALIAÇÃO E RECOMENDAÇÃO DE VARIEDADES DE MILHO NO ESTADO DE GOIÁS ENVIRONMENTAL STRATIFICATION FOR MAIZE VARIETIES EVALUATION AND RECOMMENDATION IN GOIÁS STATE, BRAZIL

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Luciene Fróes Camarano

2010-05-01

Full Text Available

O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar estratos ambientais para a recomendação de variedades de milho e locais-chave para a condução de ensaios deste tipo, em Goiás. Foram avaliados 47 ensaios, em quatro safras (2002/2003, 2003/2004, 2004/2005 e 2005/2006 do programa de avaliação de variedades de milho da Secretaria da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento do Estado de Goiás (Seagro-GO. A estratificação ambiental foi implementada por meio da abordagem AMMI de genótipos vencedores, que permite, pelo estudo da interação de genótipos com ambientes (GxA, tanto a identificação dos genótipos mais adaptados a cada ambiente quanto a formação de grupos de ambientes similares. Foram estabelecidos dois estratos ambientais, que se mostraram consistentes ao longo das safras agrícolas avaliadas, com destaque para os agrupamentos de Ipameri, Inhumas e Senador Canêdo, estáveis ao longo de quatro anos, e Porangatu e Orizona, estáveis por três anos. Com a estratificação obtida, é possível redução de, pelo menos, 16% dos locais de teste atualmente utilizados e/ou sua substituição por outros locais, buscando-se aumentar a eficiência da avaliação varietal na região. A variedade ALBandeirante apresentou alto potencial produtivo e grande adaptabilidade às condições de cultivo do milho em Goiás.

Caracterização química e estrutural de fibra de sisal da variedade Agave sisalana Chemical and structural characterization of sisal fibers from Agave sisalana variety

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Adriana R. Martin

2009-01-01

Full Text Available Nos últimos anos, o interesse pelo uso de fibras naturais em materiais compósitos poliméricos tem aumentado significativamente. Neste trabalho foram investigadas as propriedades, químicas, físicas, térmicas e estruturais da fibra de sisal brasileira da variedade Agave sisalana. Nosso objetivo foi avaliar a qualidade e o desempenho desta fibra para aplicações industriais. Foram realizados ensaios de resistência à tração, análise da composição química, difração de raios X, e estudos por microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV ao longo do comprimento da fibra. A fibra de sisal brasileira apresentou propriedades mecânicas e térmicas dentro da faixa relatada na literatura, mostrando-se adequada para ser utilizada em materiais compósitos poliméricos.In recent years, the interest in the use of natural fibers in polymeric composite materials has increased significantly. In this work were investigated the structural, thermal, chemical, and physical properties of Brazilian sisal fiber from Agave sisalana variety. Our aim was to evaluate the quality and the performance of this fiber for industrial applications. Mechanical properties, chemical composition, X ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM have been investigated with fibers along their length. The Brazilian sisal fibers studied have exhibited mechanical and thermal properties within the range reported in the literature and were suitable for use in polymeric composites.

Protection of Chinese herbs against Adenine-induced chronic renal ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

The aim of the study is to evaluate the efficacy of Chinese herbs (Angelica sinensis, Ligusticum wallichii, Salvia miltiorrhiza, Rhizoma dioscoreae, Rhodiola crenilata, Astragalus membranaceus and Angelica sinensis) on adenine-induced chronic renal failure in rats. 30 age-matched male Wistar rats were divided into three ...

Effect of some botanical extracts on post-harvest losses of yam ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Two storage experiments in an improved yam barn were carried out simultaneously at two locations in southern Nigeria to determine the influence of cultivar, botanical storage treatments and storage environments on the shelf life of yam (Dioscorea rotundata). The experiments were conducted from January to July.

Compositional and conformational analysis of yam proteins by near infrared fourier transform Raman spectroscopy.

Science.gov (United States)

Liao, Yu-Hsiu; Wang, Chih-Hsien; Tseng, Chin-Yin; Chen, Hsiu-Ling; Lin, Long-Liu; Chen, Wenlung

2004-12-29

Fourier transform (FT)-Raman spectroscopy was employed to study the molecular structure of yam proteins isolated from three commonly consumed yam species including Dioscorea alata L., D. alata L. var. purpurea, and Dioscorea japonica. Although D. alata L. and D. alata L. var. purpurea consisted of similar amino acid residues, they still exhibited significant differences in conformational arrangement. The secondary structure of D. alata L. was mainly an alpha-helix, while D. alata L. var. purpurea was mostly in antiparallel beta-sheets. In contrast, D. japonica, which belongs to a different species, exhibited explicit differences in amino acid compositions and molecular structures of which the conformation was a mixed form of alpha-helices and antiparallel beta-sheets. FT-Raman directly proved the existence of S-S in yam proteins, implying that oligomer formation in yam proteins might be due to disulfide linking of dioscorin (32 kDa). The microenvironment of aromatic amino acids and the state of S-S in yam proteins were also discussed.

Immunomodulatory activities and antioxidant properties of polysaccharides from Monascus-fermented products in vitro.

Science.gov (United States)

Tseng, Kuo-Chuan; Fang, Tony J; Chiang, Shen-Shih; Liu, Chin-Feng; Wu, Cheng-Lun; Pan, Tzu-Ming

2012-05-01

Monascus-fermented products have featured in Chinese cuisine for thousands of years and are widely used as food colourants and dietary materials in many Asian countries. Rice and dioscorea fermented with Monascus purpureus NTU 568 have health-promoting attributes in vitro and in vivo. The aim of this study was to investigate the immunomodulatory and antioxidant effects of polysaccharides from red mould rice (RMRP) and red mould dioscorea (RMDP) in Raw 264.7 cells. The results showed the antioxidant capabilities (including scavenging, chelating, inhibition of lipid peroxidation, and reducing power) of RMRP and RMDP at a concentration of 10 mg mL(-1). RMRP and RMDP also stimulated cell proliferation, nitric oxide production, phagocytosis and cytokine production (including IL1-β, IL-6 and TNF-α) in Raw 264.7 cells. These findings demonstrate that RMRP and RMDP have antioxidant and immunomodulation potential to be developed as novel dietary supplements. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry.

El régimen de protección jurídica de las obtenciones vegetales en México: propuestas para una mejor adaptación al sistema CUPOV

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Carlos Ernesto Arcudia Hernández

2015-06-01

Full Text Available El sistema de protección de propiedad industrial en variedades vegetales se encuentra regulado a nivel internacional en el Convenio Internacional para la Protección de Obtenciones Vegetales (CUPOV. Como parte de las obligaciones contraídas por México con la firma del Tratado de Libre Comercio para América del Norte (TLCAN se encuentra la de dar protección a todas las variedades vegetales según el Acta del cupov de 1978 o la de 1991. Esta obligación se cumplió con la promulgación de la Ley Federal de Variedades Vegetales (LFVV en 1996. El artículo analiza, en un primer momento, las disposiciones del régimen de protección jurídica de variedades vegetales del cupov en torno al concepto de variedad vegetal; la prohibición de la doble protección; los requisitos para obtener un título de obtención vegetal, así como el contenido de la protección jurídica de la variedad vegetal. En un segundo momento se analiza la trasposición de la normativa del CUPOV a la LFVV con el objeto de sugerir propuestas de mejora a la regulación mexicana más acorde con los intereses nacionales.

RENDIMENTO DE EXTRAÇÃO E CARACTERIZAÇÃO QUÍMICA E FUNCIONAL DE FÉCULAS DE MANDIOCA DA REGIÃO DO SEMI-ÁRIDO BAIANO

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Luciano Bastos NUNES

2009-09-01

Full Text Available

O amido de mandioca (Manihot esculenta tem sido estudado devido a importância socioeconômica dessa raiz. Neste trabalho objetivou-se avaliar o rendimento de extração de fécula de três variedades de mandioca, cultivadas na região de Feira de Santana-BA e caracterizar o amido extraído dessas variedades quanto: ao poder de inchamento; índice de solubilidade; teor de umidade da fécula; teor de amilose; teor de amido; ciclo de congelamento e descongelamento e densidade absoluta. As raízes das variedades analisadas apresentaram umidade em torno de 58% correspondendo a 42% de massa seca, com um rendimento, em fécula, que variou de 20,64 ± 1,76 à 33,25 ± 4,07%. Tanto para o poder inchamento como para o índice de solubilidade só houve variações representativas a partir de 60°C. No ciclo de congelamento e descongelamento observou- se baixa tendência a retrogradação, com a variedade Manteiga apresentando maior tendência. A densidade absoluta, em g/mL, foram 1,5844 ± 0,0090, 1,5082 ± 0,0618 e 1,5133 ± 0,0130 respectivamente para as variedades Cacau, Manteiga e Eucalipto . Conclui-se que o baixo rendimento de extração de fécula com altos valores amilose pode ser devido ao fato das variedades estudadas terem sido colhidas com apenas 8 meses. Assim, acredita-se que uma maior permanência das raízes no solo, melhoraria o rendimento. Dentre as variedades estudadas é preferencial o uso de féculas oriundas das variedades Eucalipto e Cacau na formulação de alimentos congelados em detrimento da Manteiga devido à maior tendência a retrogradação evidenciada por esta última. Esta, por sua vez, é preferencialmente indicada para os estudos do uso de fécula para confecção de biofilmes devido ao alto teor de amilose.

Ghana Journal of Science - Vol 36, No 1 (1996)

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Evaluation of some traditional control measures for diseases of stored white Yam, dioscorea rotundata poir var. Gboko · EMAIL FULL TEXT EMAIL FULL TEXT DOWNLOAD FULL TEXT DOWNLOAD FULL TEXT. KA Oduro, HB Damptey, LO Adimora. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/gjs.v36i1.47971 ...

Control of hyperlipidaemia, hypercholesterolaemia and ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Dioscorea dumetorum (Pax) used in traditional medicine for the treatment of diabetes mellitus possesses hypoglycaemic effect. The present study investigates the effect of oral administration of the aqueous extract of the tuber on blood lipid and ketone levels in alloxan–induced diabetic rats. Method: Wistar strain albino rats ...

Evaluation of the Effect of Acetylation and Oxidation on Some ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

The starch extracted from the wild species of Dioscorea dumetorum were characterized for ash and moisture content, crude fibre, protein and fat. The modified starches were prepared by pre-treatment of the native starch with alkaline and acidic solution at room temperature prior to modification using hypochlorite for ...

Ghana Journal of Science - Vol 23, No 1 (1978)

African Journals Online (AJOL)

DOWNLOAD FULL TEXT Open Access DOWNLOAD FULL TEXT Subscription or ... Establishment and yield ofminisetts of yam (Dioscorea rotundata Poir) as influenced by size and position of minisett on mother tuber and by staking in the field · EMAIL FULL TEXT EMAIL FULL TEXT · DOWNLOAD FULL TEXT DOWNLOAD ...

multilocational evaluation of white yam genotypes using gge bi-plot

African Journals Online (AJOL)

PROF EKWUEME

KEYWORDS: Yams, multi-environment trial. GGE biplot, mega-enviroments. INTRODUCTION. The yams are important food crop in Nigeria supplying many with cheap caloric-energy food form. Among the yams, the white yam, Dioscorea rotundata is the most widely cultivated and is believed to be indigenous to West Africa, ...

Quantificação de vitamina C e capacidade antioxidante de variedades cítricas Quantification of vitamin C and antioxidant capacity of citrus varieties

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Meylene Aparecida Luzia Couto

2010-05-01

Full Text Available A pesquisa teve por objetivo avaliar a variação do teor de vitamina C em diferentes variedades de laranjas e tangerinas de significado comercial no Brasil, como também medir a capacidade antioxidante destes citros. Foram realizadas análises para avaliação do índice de maturação no suco dos citros, como pH, sólidos solúveis totais e acidez total titulável, e foram determinados os teores de vitamina C e capacidade antioxidante, sendo os dados comparados para verificar as diferenças pelo teste de Tukey (p The objective of this research was to evaluate the variation of vitamin C in different commercial varieties of oranges and tangerines in Brazil and to measure the antioxidant capacity of these citrus. The analyses done for the evaluation of the maturity index of the citrus juices were pH, total soluble solids,and total tritimetric acidity. The antioxidant capacity of vitamin C was also quantified. The data obtained was submitted to statistical analysis using the Tukey test (p < 0.05. The tangerines presented lower levels of vitamin C and lower antioxidant capacity than the oranges. The vitamin C content of the the Murcot tangerine and Natal orange varied between 21.47 and 84.03 mg ascorbic acid .100 mL-1 juice, respectively. The Murcot tangerine exhibited the smallest antioxidant capacity (12.78%, and the sweet orange exhibited the largest antioxidant capacity (66.24%. The conclusion was that the different varieties of oranges and tangerines had a significant variation in the variables analyzed, and that the oranges presented the largest levels of vitamin C and the largest antioxidant capacity.

Secagem de tomate (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill) para conserva : estudo de parametros com base na qualidade final

OpenAIRE

Gisele Anne Camargo

2000-01-01

Resumo: o tomate seco tem apresentado crescente aplicação na culinária brasileira, principalmente, como ingrediente de massas, pizzas e também no consumo imediato. Com a finalidade de estudar a influência de parâmetros de secagem sobre a eficiência do processo e sobre a qualidade do produto final, foi desenvolvida uma pesquisa utilizando tomates de duas variedades: uma variedade industrial (Rio Grande) e outra de tomate de mesa (Debora Plus). Cada uma das variedades foi analisada quanto ao co...

Producción y tecnología de semillas mejoradas de maíz por el INIFAP en el escenario sin la PRONASE

OpenAIRE

Alejandro Espinosa; Mauro Sierra; Noel G\\u00F3mez

2003-01-01

El Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales Agrícolas y Pecuarias (INIFAP) de México, incluyendo las instituciones antecesoras, han liberado 221 híbridos y variedades mejoradas en 62 años de mejoramiento genético de maíz. Estos materiales fueron de adaptación específica a diferentes condiciones ambientales. En mayor proporción se trabajo con híbridos de cruza doble y variedades mejoradas de polinización libre. Las variedades trataron de cubrir la mayor superfic...

Molecular taxonomic, epidemiological and population genetic ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Admin

with yam anthracnose, as well the population biology of C. gloeosporioides on yam. Sexual ..... evolution of the ascomycetes, and indicates that the ..... of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Penz. from yam (Dioscorea spp.) in. Nigeria. In: Akoroda AO, Ngeve JM (eds) Root crops in the 21st century. Proceedings of the 7th.

Influence of plastic mulch on damage and yield of yam tuber by yam ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Design with three treatments: black plastic mulch, white plastic mulch and as unprotected control plot which were replicated three times. Data collected were, the number, depth and diameter of feeding holes on yam tuber (Dioscorea rotundata cv adaka), tuber yield and percentage yield increase over control as well as ...

RESISTANCE TO POST-HARVEST MICROBIAL ROT IN YAM ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

ACSS

for resistance to internal rot, with Olordor and Kplondzo recording the lowest internal microbial rot, suggesting their potential in .... material. Dried maize stocks were then used to cover the pile of tubers. There were four .... effort in breeding for host plant resistance. Also, ... rot in Dioscorea species under all storage methods.

76 FR 3076 - Availability of an Environmental Assessment for a Biological Control Agent for Air Potato

Science.gov (United States)

2011-01-19

...] Availability of an Environmental Assessment for a Biological Control Agent for Air Potato AGENCY: Animal and... environmental assessment (EA) relative to the control of air potato (Dioscorea bulbifera). The EA considers the... States for use as a biological control agent to reduce the severity of air potato infestations. We are...

en el empoderamiento comunitario en el municipio de Muqui, Brasil

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Altair Toledo-Machado

2006-01-01

Full Text Available El desarrollo de la estrategia del mejoramiento participativo, en las comunidades de pequeños agricultores ubicados en el municipio de Muqui, en el Estado de Espírito Santo, Brasil, influyó en la autosostenibilidad de la producción de semilla y en la obtención de variedades de maíz mejor adaptadas a sus sistemas de manejo Los agricultores de esta región vienen desarrollando, desde 1993, trabajos en el campo comunitario de semillas. A partir de 2001, como estrategias del mejoramiento participativo fueron desarrollados trabajos referentes al rescate de variedades locales y mejoradas de maíz, y ensayos de evaluación de variedades. Diez variedades fueron utilizadas en este trabajo: Sol da Manhã , Eldorado, BR 106, BR 473, BR 451, Saracura, Caiano de Sobrália, Palha Rôxa de Santa Catarina, Caiano de Espírito Santo y Fortaleza. Con excepción de las variedades BR 106, BR 473, BR 451 y Saracura, que fueron seleccionadas de forma convencional, las demás fueron seleccionadas con base en fitomejoramiento participativo. Fueron realizados tres ciclos de selección en cada una de esas variedades y las mismas fueron evaluadas en los años agrícolas de 2002/2003, 2003/2004 y 2004/2005, en ensayos en bloques al azar, con tres repeticiones y manejo orgánico. Las actividades de mejoramiento, en las comunidades de Muqui, fueran realizadas enfatizando la variedad Fortaleza, se empleó el esquema de selección masal estratificada. Los campos de semillas comunitarias se incrementaron, tanto en productividad como en la mayor participación de los agricultores, además de la participación en los ensayos y los campos de mejoramiento

Características morfofisiológicas asociadas con el rendimiento del café Morphological and physiological characteristics associated with yield in coffee trees

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Salazar Jose Nestor

1988-12-01

Full Text Available Un experimento de campo se llevó a cabo para analizar y comparar el efecto de algunas características morfofisiológicas sobre el rendimiento de 5 variedades de café de porte bajo en condiciones de alta densidad de siembra. Las variedades utilizadas fueron: Colombia, Caturra, Catuai, Caturra erecta y Caturra X San Bernardo. La variedad Colombia presentó el mayor número de ramas primarias y productivas por árbol y de nudos productivos por rama. Las variedades Caturra, Catuai y Caturra erecta reportaron el mayor número de frutos por nudo. El más alto rendimiento lo obtuvo la variedad Colombia con 7321 kg de café pergamino seco/ha/año aunque este valor no fue significativamente diferente de los promedios mostrados por las variedades Caturra y Catuai.A field experiment was conducted to analyze and compare the effect of some morphological characteristics on 5 shortstature
coffe varieties under high tree density conditions. The varieties used were Colombia, Caturra, Catuai, Caturra erecta and Caturra X San Bernardo. The variety Colombia showed the highest values for primary and productive branches per tree and for productive nodes per branch. The varieties Caturra, Catuai and Caturra erecta obtained the greatest number of fruits par node. The highest yield of 7321 kg fresh berries/ha/year was repo rted by Colombia eventhough this value was not significantly different from those obtained by Caturra and Catuai.

Yam ( Dioscorea spp.) molecular breeding

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Some progress has been made in recent years in germplasm characterization and the development of molecular markers for genome analysis. A genetic linkage map based on amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers has been constructed for Guinea and water yams. These linkage maps were used to scan ...

Yam (Dioscorea spp.) molecular breeding

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Admin

identifying candidate loci controlling agronomic traits in yam is by the application of the cDNA/AFLP technique, which generates polymorphic transcript derived fragments (TDFs) between the parents of a mapping cross. Once candidate genes have been identified, they can be employed in gene tagging and QTL mapping.

Evaluación de aguacates criollos en Nuevo León, México: región sur Evaluation of Creole avocados in Nuevo León, Mexico: southern region

OpenAIRE

Efraín Acosta Díaz; Ismael Hernández Torres; Isidro Humberto Almeyda León

2012-01-01

El estado de Nuevo León, México, forma parte del centro de origen de la raza mexicana de aguacate (Persea americana Mill. var. drymifolia), en donde se cultivan variedades criollas en huertos comerciales y en traspatios, predominando la utilización de la variedad Plátano Grueso-1. Esta variedad se caracteriza por presentar un ciclo temprano de madurez fisiológica, lo cual permite que su producción se concentre en un periodo relativamente corto. El objetivo de esta investigación fue caracteriz...

Determinación de la capacidad antioxidante y compuestos fenólicos de cereales andinos: quinua (Chenopodium quinoa), kañiwa (Chenopodium pallidicaule) y kiwicha (Amaranthus caudatus)

OpenAIRE

Repo de Carrasco, Ritva; Encina Zelada, Christian Rene

2008-01-01

Se realizó la extracción de compuestos hidrofílicos y lipofílicos de cereales andinos, siendo el de mayor contenido en ambos casos la muestra de kañiwa (Chenopodium pallidicaule variedad cupi), siguiendo la de quinua (Chenopodium quinoa ecotipo marrón) y finalmente la kiwicha (Amaranthus caudatus ecotipo negra). Se realizó la determinación del contenido de compuestos fenólicos en quince variedades de quinua, siendo la de mayor contenido la variedad PIQ031046 con 139,94 mg ácido gálico/100 g; ...

The feeding preferences of Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. SMITH (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae on cotton plant varieties=Preferência alimentar de Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. SMITH (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae em variedades de plantas algodoeiras

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Ostenildo Ribeiro Campos

2012-04-01

Full Text Available This work evaluated the attractiveness and the non-preference for feeding of newly hatched fall armyworm larvae on the cotton plant parts and different varieties used in the study. The trials were performed at 27 ± 1ºC, a 70% ± 10% relative humidity and a 14h photoperiod. Leaves, bracts, squares and carpel walls of the BRS Itamarati-90 variety and leaves of Fibermax-966, Fibermax-977, DeltaOpal, DeltaPenta, BRS Acala-90, Coodetec-408, Coodetec-409, Coodetec-410, BRS-Cedro, BRS-Ipê, BRS-Aroeira, IPR-96, IPR-120, BRS-Araçá, IAC-24 and BRS Itamarati-90 varieties were used in attractiveness, multiple-choice and confinement (no-choice non-preference feeding trials. Twenty larvae were released per petri dish test (arena system with 10 repetitions. Attractiveness trials were evaluated by counting feeding caterpillars over 60 min. and by measuring non-preference at 24h. Leaves were the most attractive item and were preferred for feeding. In the multiple-choice arena trials, Coodetec-410 was the most attractive variety, and BRS Acala-90, Fibermax-966 and DeltaPenta were the least attractive to fall armyworm larvae. In the non-preference trial, BRS-Araça was the variety favored for feeding. BRS-Cedro, BRS Itamarati-90, DeltaPenta, Coodetec-408 and BRS-Aroeira were the least-favored varieties. In the 60 min. attractiveness trials, 46 min. proved to be the most suitable time for evaluating the attractiveness of cotton plants to newly hatched fall armyworm larvae.Avaliou-se atratividade e não-preferência alimentar de lagartas recém-eclodidas de Spodoptera frugiperda por partes de plantas e plantas de variedades de algodoeiro. Testes foram realizados a 27 ± 1ºC, UR de 70% ± 10% e fotofase de 14h. Folhas, brácteas, botões florais e cascas de maçãs da variedade BRS Itamarati-90 e folhas de Fibermax-966, Fibermax-977, DeltaOpal, DeltaPenta, BRS Acala-90, Coodetec-408, Coodetec-409, Coodetec-410, BRS-Cedro, BRS-Ipê, BRS-Aroeira, IPR-96, IPR-120

Impact of yam mosaic virus (YMV) on tuber yield of white yam ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

The impact of Yam mosaic virus (YMV) on tuber yield of white yam (Dioscorea rotundata Poir) in the forest zone of Ghana was assessed under controlled environment and in the field at Kumasi, Ghana. Two field trials were carried out in 2001 and 2002. The experiment under controlled environment was conducted in 2003.

Browse Title Index

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Issue, Title. Vol 25, No 2 (2005), Yam-based farm practices and nematode problems in stored yams (Dioscorea spp.) in Ghana, Abstract PDF. CK Kwoseh, RA Plowright, J Bridge, R Asiedu. Vol 27, No 2 (2007), Yield, irrigation production efficiency and economic returns of broccoli under variable drip irrigation and lateral ...

Effects of Plant Density and NPK Application on the Growth and ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Studies were conducted at Evboneka, Edo State, Nigeria in a forest zone to examine the effect of increasing plant population and NPK application on the growth and tuber yield of Dioscorea rotundata (Poir) cv “Obiaoturugo”. This study involved three trials. The first was conducted in 2010 involving five plant densities (10000 ...

Resistance to post-harvest microbial rot in yam: Integration of ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Post-harvest microbial rot is an important disease that causes severe losses in yam (Dioscorea spp.) storage. Rot from microbial infection of healthy yam tubers reduces their table quality and renders them unappealing to consumers. A study was carried out at Bimbilla in the Nanumba North District of Ghana to evaluate ...

Fenologia reprodutiva e caracterização físico-química de abacateiros em Carmo da Cachoeira, Minas Gerais

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Fábio Oseias dos Reis Silva

2014-02-01

Full Text Available O abacateiro é cultivado em algumas regiões tropicais e subtropicais. Seus frutos podem ser aproveitados de várias formas, utilizados ao natural ou na indústria de cosméticos, além da possibilidade de uso de seu óleo como fonte alternativa de biocombustível. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar as características fenológicas e físicoquímicas das variedades de abacateiros, visando a identificar variedades promissoras para Carmo da Cachoeira, Minas Gerais. O trabalho foi realizado durante os ciclos reprodutivos de 2008/2009 e 2009/2010. As variedades avaliadas foram: 'Breda', 'Fortuna', 'Fuerte', 'Hass', 'Margarida', 'Ouro Verde' e 'Quintal'. Foram avaliadas as características fenológicas (início das brotações, início da floração, plena floração, final de floração e período de duração da floração, início da frutificação, início e final da colheita e tempo de colheita. As análises físicas e químicas incluíram: diâmetros longitudinal e transversal, percentagens de polpa, casca e caroço em relação à massa total, composição centesimal (lipídeos e umidade. Para as avaliações fenológicas, foram marcadas ao acaso seis plantas de cada variedade. Para as análises físico-químicas, utilizou-se o delineamento inteiramente casualizado (DIC, com sete tratamentos (variedades, seis repetições, com seis frutos por parcela. Concluiu-se que, em relação à fenologia, todas as variedades floresceram de maneira satisfatória na região estudada. As variedades 'Fortuna', 'Quintal' destacaram-se para o consumo in natura, para o mercado interno, por apresentarem características desejáveis para o consumidor brasileiro. As variedades 'Hass' e 'Fuerte' apresentaram os melhores resultados quanto ao teor de óleo na polpa, destacando-se como as mais promissoras para a extração de óleo.