Quasiparticles and Nuclear Vibrational States; Kvazichastitsy i vibratsionnye sostoyaniya yader
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Sorensen, R. A. [Carnegie-Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA (United States)
1968-12-15
The level structure associated with various nuclear vibrations is described. It is shown how these vibrations are described in terms of particle or quasi - particle excitations by means of the harmonic random phase approximation. Vibrations corresponding to different modes of excitation are compared. Motions corresponding to the enhancement of three different simple operators are considered: (a) the E2 one-body operator, (b) the operator causing the removal or addition of a like, zero-coupled pair of nucleons from the nucleus, and (c) the operator for allowed beta decay which changes one proton to a neutron or one neutron to a proton. (author) [Russian] Da etsja opisanie str u ktu ry urovnej, svjazannyh s razlichnymi jadernymi kolebanijami. Pokazano, kak takie vibracii mogut byt' opisany s pomoshh'ju chastichnyh i kvazichastichnyh vozbuzhdenij v garmonicheskom priblizhenii metoda sluchajnyhfaz. Sravnivajutsja kolebanija, sootvetstvujushhie razlichnym tipam vozbuzhdenij. R assm atrivaju tsja dvizhenija, sootvetstvujushhie uvelicheniju trehraz lichnyh prostyh operatorov: a) odnochastichnyj operator E2-perehoda, v) operator pogloshhenija ili porozhdenija sparennyh nuklonov s nulevym momentom, s) operator razreshennogo /3-raspada, zamenjajushhij proton na nejtron ili nejtron na proton. (author)
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Sargsyan, M M
1992-12-31
The effects of deeply bound nucleons are considered in the reaction of deuteron quasielastic electro disintegration, where the spectator nucleon and scattered electrons are registered in coincidence. Both, the off-shell influence on the description of nucleon motion in nuclear surrounding and the modification of deeply bound nucleon form - factors are investigated as two aspects of the off-shell effect manifestation. The possibility to control the extent of interacting nucleon binding energy by varying the spectator nucleon kinematic parameters (p{sub s},{theta}{sub s},{phi}{sub s}) is an advantage of the reactions considered. The cross section ratios of these processes are considered under specific kinematical conditions, which allow to investigate unambiguously the manifestations of deeply bound effects. To estimate the extent of the phenomena expected, we present the results of calculation of R ratios in the framework of models that take the off-shell effects into account differently. The effects of bound nucleon form - factor modification are estimated according to the model of mini delocalization, which predicts the bound nucleon swelling in nuclear environment. 28 refs.
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Zakir' yanova, I D; Salyulev, A B [UrO RAN, Inst. Vysokotemperaturnoj Ehlektrokhimii, Ekaterinburg (Russian Federation)
2007-09-15
Systematic structural studies of crystalline (over a wide temperature range) and molten LaCl{sub 3}, CeCl{sub 3}, and NdCl{sub 3} salts (near the crystal-melt phase transition temperature) are conducted employing Raman spectroscopy. A change in the trend of temperature dependences of characteristic frequencies is revealed in the pre-melting region of the compounds. This is attributed to an increase in the number of crystal defects due to weakening of a part of Ln-Cl bonds and decreasing of coordination number of chloride anions in the vicinity of rare earth cation.
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Woods, A. D.B. [Atomic Energy of Canada Ltd., Chalk River, ON (Canada)
1963-01-15
This paper reviews investigations carried out at Chalk River on the lattice dynamics of various crystals including lead, sodium, alkali halides, semi-conductors, and other more complex compounds. Analysis of the low temperature results (-{approx}100{sup o}K) gives considerable insight into the nature of the interatomic forces. In sodium, a simple metal, the interatomic forces are very nearly derivable from a potential. Lead, a more complicated metal, has extremely long range forces accompanied by strong electronic effects. At higher temperatures anharmonic effects are very pronounced in both metals, especially in lead. The alkali halide results can be interpreted on a ''shell'' model, with polarizable ions. Even at low temperature neutron groups corresponding to the longitudinal optical modes. (author) [French] Dans ce memoire, l'auteur decrit les recherches faites a Chalk River sur la dynamique des reseaux de certains cristaux, y compris le plomb, le sodium, les halogenures alcalins, les semi-conducteurs et d'autres composes complexes. L'analyse des resultats obtenus a basse temperature (environ 100{sup o}K) fournit de nombreux renseignements sur la nature des forces interatomiques. Dans le sodium (metal simple), les forces interatomiques peuvent presque etre derivees d'un potentiel. Dans un metal plus complique, tel que le plomb, on trouve des forces ayant une portee extremement grande et comportant des effets electroniques marques. A des temperatures plus elevees, il se produit des effets anharmoniques tres prononces dans les deux metaux et particulierement dans le plomb. On peut interpreter les resultats obtenus pour les halogenures alcalins en se fondant sur le modele en couche comportant des ions polarisables. Meme aux basses temperatures, les groupes de neutrons correspondant aux modes optiques longitudinaux possedent des largeurs dependant de la temperature, que l'on ne comprend pas encore parfaitement. (author) [Spanish] Los autores pasan revista a las investigaciones realizadas en Chalk River sobre la dinamica reticular de varios cristales, entre ellos plomo, sodio, haluros alcalinos, semiconductores-y otros compuestos mas complejos. El analisis de los resultados obtenidos a baja temperatura ({approx}100{sup o}K) permite formarse una idea mas cabal de la naturaleza de las fuezas interatomicas. En el sodio, metal simple, dichas fuerzas pueden deducirse con considerable precision a partir de un potencial. En el plomo, metal mas complejo, existen fuerzas de largo alcance acompanadas de fuertes efectos electronicos. A temperaturas mas elevadas, los efectos anarmonicos son muy pronunciados en ambos metales, sobre todo en el plomo. Los resultados obtenidos con los haluros alcalinos pueden interpretarse segun el modelo de capas con iones polarizables. Incluso a bajas temperaturas, los grupos de neutrones correspondientes a los modos opticos longitudinales presentan amplitudes dependientes de la temperatura que aun no se han podido interpretar en detalle. (author)
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Makin, S M [Wantage Research Laboratory, Wantage, Berks (United Kingdom)
1962-01-15
radioizotopov v metallurgii. V khode ehtoj raboty byli sozdany novye avtoradiograficheskie metody. Oni vklyuchayut obluchenie i avtoradiografiyu ehkstraktsionnykh modelej, podobno ispol'zuemym v ehlektronnoj mikroskopii, i protsess dvukhtsvetnogo perekhoda, pri kotorom tsvetnye kopii chertezhej avtoradiografa pokazyvayutsya s sootvetstvuyushchimi nalozhennymi dannymi mikrografov. EHti metody ispol'zuyutsya pri izuchenii primesej v stali i urane i pri issledovanii segregatsii sery i fosfora pri svarke v nerzhaveyushchej stali. (author)
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Rojter, V A; Stukanovskaya, N A; Kornejchuk, G P
1962-03-15
sostoyanii ravnovesiya. Issledovanie provodilos' tsirkulyatsionnym metodom. Posle ustanovleniya ravnovesiya v sistemu vvodilos' v kachestve metki maloe kolichestvo S{sup 35}O{sub 2} i izmeryalas' skorost' perekhoda ego v S{sup 35}O{sub 3}. Iz ehtoj skorosti vychislyalas' skorost' pryamogo i obratnogo protsessov okisleniya SO{sub 2} na katalizatore. Predlozheny i obsuzhdeny vozmozhnye skhemy protekaniya protsessa. (author)
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Kircher, J. F.; Markle, R. A.; Lieberman, R.; Sleimers, F. A.; Leininger, R. I. [Batelle Memorial Institute, Columbus, OH (United States)
1963-11-15
e injerta con mayor facilidad que un polimero de peso molecular relativamente elevado. Se observa tambien que al elevar la temperatura hasta alcanzar al punto de transicion de la fase vidriosa aumenta el grado de peroxidacion y de injerto. Los autores proponen una explicacion de los resultados, basada en los efectos de la temperatura y del peso molecular sobre la movilidad del polimero y de los radicales. (author) [Russian] Issledovano radiatsionnoe okislenie polimetilmetakrilata (RMMA) v perekisnoe soedinenie v svyazi s posleduyushchim privivaniem pirrolidonvinila k perekisnomu polimeru. Peroksidirovanie issledovano v zavisimosti ot velichiny dozy, molekulyarnogo vesa RMMA i temperatury izlucheniya. Pokazano, chto RMMA s malym molekulyarnym vesom bolee ehffektivno okislyaetsya do perekisi i privivaetsya pri obluchenii dozami v neskol'ko megarad, chem polimer so sravnitel'no bol'shim molekulyarnym vesom. Otmecheno takzhe, chto povyshenie temperatury primerno do temperatury perekhoda stekla v zhidkoe sostoyanie intensifitsiruet protsessy okisleniya do perekisej i privivaniya. Rezul'taty ob{sup y}asneny, iskhodya iz vliyaniya temperatury i molekulyarnogo vesa na podvizhnost' polimera i oskolochnye radikaly. (author)
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Koch, L; Messier, J; Valin, J [Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires de Saclay (France)
1962-04-15
An account is given of experience gained at the CENS on the detection of nuclear particles by semiconductors. One type of detector, of pin structure, has been specially studied. In comparison with the usual p-n or npp{sup +} structures, and given an equal purity of the base material, it has the advantage of permitting a larger effective volume for the following reasons: (a) with an equal potential difference applied to the crystal, the total thickness of the barrier layers is greater; (b) with an equal reverse current, the maximum potential difference which they can withstand is greater; (c) other things being equal, their capacitance per unit of area is smaller and hence the permitted maximum surface is greater. A detailed description is given of methods of obtaining pin structures in silicon, the intermediate zone reaching 1 mm. Lastly, certain applications of these detectors are described: {alpha} and {gamma} spectroscopy and the measurement of dE/dX for relativistic particles. (author) [French] Les auteurs exposent l'experience acquise au CENS sur la detection des particules nucleaires par les semi-conducteurs. Un type de detecteur, de structure pin, a ete particulierement etudie. U presente par rapport aux structures classiques pn ou npp{sup +}, et a purete egale du materiau de depart, l'avantage de permettre un volume sensible plus grand. En effet: a) a difference de potentiel egale appliquee au cristal, l'epaisseur totale des barrieres est plus importante; b) a courant inverse egal, la d.d.p. maximum qu'ils supportent est plus grande; c) toutes choses egales d'ailleurs, leur capacite par unite d'aire est plus faible et la surface maximum permise est donc plus grande. Les auteurs decrivent en detail quelques procedes permettant d'obtenir des structures pin dans le silicium, la zone intermediaire atteignant 1 mm. Enfin, ils decrivent quelques applications de ces detecteurs: spectroscopie {alpha} et {gamma}, mesure de dE/dX pour les particules relativistes. (author) [Spanish] Los autores describen la experiencia adquirida en el CENS, en lo que se refiere a la deteccion de particulas nucleares por medio de semiconductores. Han estudiado especialmente cierto tipo de detector, de estructura pin. Suponiendo que se trabaje con materiales de igual pureza inicial, este dispositivo presenta, con respecto a los aparatos de estructura corriente pn o npp{sup +}, la ventaja de poseer un mayor volumen sensible. En efecto: a) a igual diferencia de potencial aplicada al cristal, el espesor total de las barreras es mayor; b) a igualdad de la corriente inversa, la maxima diferencia de potencial que admiten es mayor; c) siendo iguales todas las demas condiciones, su capacidad por unidad de superficie es menor y la maxima superficie admisible es, pues, mas elevada. Los autores describen detalladamente ciertos procedimientos que permiten obtener estructuras pin en el silicio, con un espesor de zona intermedia que alcanza a 1 mm. Finalmente, describen algunas aplicaciones de estos detectores, tales como la espectroscopia {alpha} y {gamma}, y la medida de dE/dX en el caso de las particulas relativistas. (author) [Russian] V dannoj rabote govoritsya ob opyte, provedennom v TSentre yadernykh issledovanij v Sakle, v oblasti obnaruzheniya yadernykh chastits s pomoshch'yu poluprovodnikov. V chastnosti, izuchalsya tip detektora s perekhodom p-i-n. Po sravneniyu s obychnymi perekhodami p-n ili npp{sup +} i pri uslovii ravnoj chistoty iskhodnogo materiala, ehtot perekhod imeet preimushchestvo, zaklyuchayushcheesya v bolee vysokoj chuvstvitel'nosti ; dejstvitel'no: 1) pri ravnoj raznosti potentsialov, prilozhennoj k kristallu, samym vazhnym yavlyaetsya obshchaya tolshchina bar'erov; 2) pri ravnom obratnom toke maksimal'naya raznost' potentsialov, kotoruyu oni vyderzhivayut, bolee vysoka; 3) pri drugikh ravnykh velichinakh ikh emkost' na edinitsu poverkhnosti nizhe, a maksimal'no dopustimaya poverkhnost' vyshe. V rabote podrobno opisyvayutsya nekotorye metody, pozvolyayushchie poluchit' perekhod p-i-n v kremnii s promezhutochnoj zonoj v 1 mm. Nakonets, budut opisany nekotorye vidy primeneniya ehtikh detektorov: al'fa- i gamma-spektroskopiya, izmerenie dE/dX dlya relyativistskikh chastits. (author)
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Janik, J. A. [Institute for Nuclear Physics, Cracow (Poland)
1965-06-15
spektroskopii i izmerenij udel'noj teploemkosti. Rassmatrivaetsja takzhe vopros o predele vozmozhnosti ocenki vrashhenija na osnovanii rezul'tatov izmerenija obshhih nejtronnyh sechenij. Krome togo proizvoditsja sravnenie vrashhatel'noj dinamiki grupp NH{sub 4} v NH{sub 4}CIO{sub 4} i grupp H{sub 3}O v H{sub 3}OCIO{sub 4} na osnove rezul'tatov jeksperimentov po neuprugomu rassejaniju nejtronov. Svobodnoe vrashhenie gruppy NH4 v hlornokislom ammonii bylo polucheno dazhe pri takih nizkih temperaturah, kak temperatura zhidkogo azota. Dlja H{sub 3}OCIO{sub 4} bylo obnaruzheno krutil'noe kolebanie gruppy N3O s chastotoj 497 sm{sup 1} . Takim obrazom, nesmotrja na identichnost' kristallicheskih reshetok NH{sub 4}CIO{sub 4} i H{sub 3}OCIO{sub 4}, dinamika grupp NH{sub 4} i H{sub 3}O javljaetsja razlichnoj. Jeti rezul'taty sravnivajutsja s rezul'tatami, poluchennymi s pomoshh'ju spektroskopii Ramana i jadernogo magnitnogo rezonansa. I, nakonec, rjad drugih veshhestv rassmatrivaetsja s tochki zrenija molekuljarnoj dinamiki. (author)
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Crettez, J P; Cambou, F; Ambrosino, G [Laboratoire Maurice de Broglie, Paris (France)
1962-04-15
impulsions dues aux rayons {gamma} permet de deduire des spectres obtenus la variation de la section efficace differentielle de diffusion elastique en fonction de l'angle pour les neutrons de la reaction d-t. [Spanish] La vida media de los centelleos en el yoduro de cesio varia segun la naturaleza de la particula ionizante. La vida mas corta corresponde a la densidad de ionizacion mas elevada. Los autores aprovechan esta propiedad para distinguir entre si particulas que producen centelleos de amplitud analoga. El aparato descrito es un discriminador de forma de impulsos. Mide el tiempo que tarda el centelleo en pasar de su maximo a una fraccion regulable de dicha amplitud. Un convertidor de tiempo-amplitud produce un impulso cuya amplitud es proporcional al tiempo medido de este modo. La memoria compara las configuraciones de los centelleos producidos por las particulas alfa, los protones y los electrones, y presenta los resultados obtenidos. Tambien describe la aplicacion de este metodo a la medicion de los protones de retroceso que pone en movimiento un flujo de neutrones en un difusor hidrogenado de poco espesor. La supresion de los impulsos debidos a los rayos gamma permite calcular, a partir de los espectros obtenidos, la variacion de la seccion eficaz diferencial de dispersion elastica en funcion del angulo para los neutrones de la reaccion d-t. (author) [Russian] Srednyaya prodolzhitel'nost' zhizni stsintillyatsij v jodistom tsezii menyaetsya v zavisimosti ot kharaktera ioniziruyushchej chastitsy. Samoj vysokoj plotnosti ionizatsii sootvetstvuet samaya korotkaya prodolzhitel'nost' zhizni. EHto svojstvo ispol'zuetsya dlya obnaruzheniya razlichnykh chastits, dayushchikh stsintillyatsii analogichnoj amplitudy. Opisyvaemyj pribor yavlyaetsya diskriminatorom po forme. On izmeryaet vremya, zatrachivaemoe stsintillyatsiej dlya perekhoda ot svoego maksimuma do upravlyaemoj chasti ehtoj amplitudy. Vremya-amplitudnyj preobrazovatel' daet impul's, vysota kotorogo proportsional
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Heerschap, M; De Coninck, R [Solid State Physics Dept., SCK-CEN, Mol (Belgium)
1962-04-15
In search for semiconductors, which can be used in high-flux reactors in order to measure flux distributions, we irradiated SiC p-n junctions in the Belgium BR-1 reactor. Two types of SiC-diodes of different origin have been irradiated. These junctions are grown in the Lely-furnace. The change in forward and reverse characteristics have been measured during and after irradiation up to temperatures of 150{sup o}C, while measurements up to a temperature of 500{sup o}C are in progress. It has been found that one type resists BR-1 neutrons up to an integrated flux of 10{sup 15} n/cm{sup 2}, while the other resists irradiation up to a flux of 10{sup 17} n/cm{sup 2}. The changes in characteristics are given as well as the result of some annealing experiments. (author) [French] En recherchant des semi-conducteurs pouvant servir a mesurer les distributions de flux dans les reacteurs a haut flux de neutrons, les auteurs ont irradie des jonctions p-n au SiC dans le reacteur belge BR-1. Deux types de diodes a SiC d'origines differentes ont ete ainsi irradies. Les jonctions en question sont preparees par etirage dans le four Lely. Les auteurs ont mesure les modifications subies par les caracteristiques I-V apres et pendant l'irradiation a des temperatures allant jusqu'a 150{sup o}C; ils poursuivent leurs mesures dans la gamme des temperatures allant de 150{sup o}C a 500{sup o}C. Us ont constate que l'un des types de diode a SiC resiste aux neutrons du reacteur BR-1 jusqu'a 10{sup 15} n/cm{sup 2}, tandis que l'autre type resiste a l'irradiation jusqu'a 10{sup 17} n/cm{sup 2}. Les auteurs indiquent les modifications subies par les caracteristiques, ainsi que le resultat de certaines experiences de recuit. (author) [Spanish] Los autores estan tratando de encontrar semiconductores con los que sea posible medir distribuciones de flujo en reactores de flujo elevado, y con este fin irradiaron uniones p-n del SiC en el reactor BR-1 de Belgica. Irradiaron dos tipos de diodos de SiC de distintas procedencias. Las uniones se obtuvieron en el horno de Lely. Midieron las caracteristicas directa e inversa durante la irradiacion, y despues de esta, hasta la temperatura de 150{sup o}C. Se estan realizando mediciones hasta 500{sup o}C. Han encontrado que uno de los tipos de diodo es resistente a los neutrones del BR-1 hasta un flujo integrado de 10{sup 15} neutrones/cm{sup 2}, mientras que el otro soporta hasta 10{sup 17} neutrones/cm{sup 2}. La memoria indica los cambios de las caracteristicas, asi como los resultados de algunos experimentos de recocido. (author) [Russian] V poiskakh poluprovodnikov, kotorye mogli by byt' ispol'zovany v reaktorakh s vysokoj plotnost'yu nejtronnogo potoka dlya izmereniya raspredeleniya potokov, my obluchali v bel'gijskom reaktore BR-1 perekhody tipa p-n v SiC. Byli oblucheny dva tipa diodov SiC razlichnogo proiskhozhdeniya. EHti perekhody vyrashchivayutsya v pechi Loli. Izmeneniya pryamoj i obratnoj kharakteristik byli izmereny posle i vo vremya oblucheniya vplot' do temperatury 150{sup o}C; v nastoyashchee vremya proizvodyatsya izmereniya vplot' do temperatury 500{sup o}C. Bylo ustanovleno, chto odin tip dioda vyderzhivaet nejtronnoe obluchenie reaktora BR-1 vplot' do integrirovannogo potoka 10{sup 15} nejtronov na kv. sm, togda kak drugoj tip vyderzhivaet obluchenie vplot' do potoka 10{sup 17} nejtronov na kv. sm. Dayutsya izmeneniya kharakteristik, a takzhe rezul'taty nekotorykh ehksperimentov otzhiga. (author)
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Joshi, S. K.; Sharma, K. C. [Physics Department, Allahabad University, Allahabad (India)
1965-04-15
neobhodimym ispol'zovat' ochen' horosho otrabotannuju model' obolochki dlja dinamiki reshetki germanija, predlozhennuju Kohranom. Pri sootvetstvujushhem podbore parametrov, vhodjashhih v nashe vyrazhenie dlja rascheta teploprovodnosti reshetki, my vnov' poluchaem horoshee sootvetstvie s jeksperimental'nymi dannymi. My prishli k vyvodu, chto harakter fononnogo spektra ne vlijaet sil'no na analiz dannyh teploprovodnosti reshetki sushhestvujushhimi metodami, i tochnost' fononnogo spektra terjaetsja v rezul'tate podgonki razlichnyh vhodjashhih sjuda parametrov. Est' mnenie, chto vmesto togo, chtoby tratit' slishkom mnogo vremeni na raschet trudoemkih integralov dlja bolee realistichnyh dinamicheskih modelej reshetki, luchshe izuchit' spravedlivost' razlichnyh predpolozhenij o vremeni relaksacii, vhodjashhih v jeti integraly. (author)
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Manov, G G; Eads, D L [Reactor Monitoring Center, Tracerlab Inc., Richmond, CA (United States)
1960-06-15
. (author) [Russian] Problemy, s kotorymi stalkivaetsya lyubaya laboratoriya, vypolnyayushchaya v god okolo 10 000 analizov radioaktivnykh izotopov, trebuyushchikh vysokoj stepeni tochnosti, krome neobkhodimost i priderzhivat's ya absolyutnoj standartizatsii, vyzyvayut spetsial'nuyu potrebnost' v materialakh, otnosyashchikhsya k nakopleniyu i obrabotke dannykh izmerenij. Tipichnye izmereniya vklyuchayut: izluchateli a{alpha}-chastits i mnogokanal'ny j amplitudnyj analizator impul'sov, otschet{beta}-izluchenij na 2 {pi} i 4 {pi}, registratsiyu sovpadenij {beta}-{gamma} izluchenij. Poleznoe ispol'zovanie priborov dlya izmereniya aktivnosti maloj moshchnosti dostigaetsya s pomoshch'yu tekhniki perekhoda na mnogokratnost ' s nakopleniem na magintnoj lente i s pomoshch'yu fotoehlementa. Arifmeticheski e oshibki i osobenno te, kotorye svyazany s perestanovkoj tsifr, fakticheski ustranyayutsya s pomoshch'yu ehlektronnykh schetnykh priborov. V odnoj iz tipichnykh operatsij v otneshenii smesi izvestnykh izotopov dannye po izmereniyam napravlyayutsya na mashinu, kotoraya pechataet otvet na ehlektricheskoj pishushchej mashinke. Sootvetstvenn o rezul'taty, esli oni dayutsya so spektrometra, mogut avtomaticheski nanosit'sya na osi koordinat dlya dal'nejshego analiza. Daetsya blok-skhema, illyustriruyushchaya posledovatel'nost ' predprinimaemy kh operatsij. Popravki na raspad mogut legko byt' sdelany posredstvom primeneniya dlya podschetov vmesto goda po Gregorianskom u kalendaryu takogo goda, v kotorom schet dnej nachinaetsya v polnoch' s 31 dekabrya na 1 yanvarya po grinvicheskomu standartnomu vremeni. Naprimer: 17-mu iyulya 1959 goda, 3 chasam 05 min. dnya po tikhookeanskom u dnevnomu vremeni po takoj sisteme budet sootvetstvovat ' 198, 920 dnya, a 2 ch. 30 m. dnya 16-go oktyabrya 1959 goda po Venskomu vremeni budet sootvetstvovat ' 289, 854 dnya. Ochevidny preimushchestva takogo metoda podscheta vsledstvie poyavlyayushchejsya vozmozhnosti skladyvat', vychitat', umnozhat' i delit
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Delattre, R. [Institut de Recherches du Coton et Textiles, Paris (France)
1963-09-15
rasteniem v techenie neskol'kikh chasov sostavlyalo okolo 10%. Razlichnye fillofagovye gusenitsy (Sylepta derogata, Prodenla litura) He nakaplivayut radioaktivnosti, odnako pitayushchiesya plodonosnymi organami gusenitsy (Heliothis armigera. Earias insulana, Diparopsis watersi, i t.d.) legko obnaruzhivayutsya spustya tri mesyatsa posle primeneniya ehtogo metoda. Vo vtorom opyte P{sup 35} i S{sup 35} byli ispol'zovany dlya vzroslykh kustov khlopchatnika kak raz nakanune perioda estestvennogo perekhoda Diparopsis v diapauzu. Rezul'taty pozvolyayut nadeyat'sya na to, chto udastsya bez izlishnikh trudnostej vyyavit' sredi iz{sup y}atykh iz zemli kukolok tekh, kotorye pitalis' khlopchatnikom do ego mecheniya i kotorye poehtomu projdut diapauzu. Neobkhodimo provedenie obratnoj proverki, kotoraya sostoit v tom, chtoby v techenie sezona pometit' khlopchatnik na pole, uzhe nakhodivshemsya pod ehtoj kul'turoj v proshlom godu. V dannom sluchae kukolka bez diapauzy okazyvaetsya mechenoj. V nastoyashchee vremya provodyatsya takzhe dopolnitel'nye nablyudeniya za drugimi vreditelyami khlopchatnika. (author)
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Richter, H G; Ballard, L F [Research Triangle Institute, Durham, NC (United States)
1962-04-15
espiral en las ranuras del contador constituye un catodo externo satisfactorio que funciona en la forma observada por Maze. Un contador de 3 cm de diametro y 1 m de largo, por ejemplo, sea extendido o enrollado, presenta un
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Nelkin, M.; Van Leeuwen, J. M.J.; Yip, S. [Cornell University Ithaca N.Y. (United States)
1965-06-15
linearizirovannogo uravnenija Bol'cmana, vkljuchajushhego popravki na nepolnye stolknovenija. Esli prenebrech' jetimi popravkami, to sootvetstvujushhee uravnenie dlja F(r, p,t) stanovitsja linearizirovannym uravneniem Bol'cmana v tom vide, v kotorom ono ispol'zuetsja v teorii rasprostranenija zvuka v gazah. Sootvetstvujushhee uravnenie dlja F{sub s} (r, p, t) stanovitsja uravneniem dlja perenosa nejtronov. Poskol'ku izvestno, chto jeti uravnenija imejut pravil'nyj gidrodinamicheskij predel, pojetomu legko vyvoditsja dlinnovolnovaja harakteristika G(r,t) i G{sub s}(r, t). Kineticheskie uravnenija neposredstvenno primenimy tol'ko k razbavlennym sistemam. Odnako oni prigodny dlja sistematicheskogo izuchenija dinamicheskih korreljacij. Sushhestvennym razlichiem mezhdu jetimi dvumja uravnenijami javljaetsja nalichie protivorechivyh invariantnyh velichin. V uravnenii, opredeljajushhem F(r,p, t), invariantami javljajutsja kolichestvo chast tic, impul's i jenergija, v to vremja kak v uravnenii, opredeljajushhem F{sub s}(r,p,t), tol'ko kolichestvo chastic javljaetsja invariantom. Vvidu togo, chto v jetih dvuh sluchajah snizhenie nulevogo sobstvennogo znachenija svjazannyh operatorov stolknovenija ne odinakovo, gidrodinamicheskie uravnenija, sootvetstvujushhie G(r,t) i G{sub s}(r,t) ne imejut odinakovoj formy. Znachenija jetih dvuh opisanij demonstrirujutsja raschetami modelej v plane prostyh priblizhenij oslablenija. V rezul'tate rascheta G{sub s}(r,t) vyvoditsja funkcija korreljacii s negaussovymi jeffektami, kotorye podobny v kachestvennom otnoshenii, no bolee vyrazitel'ny, chem jeffekty, rasschitannye Ramanom pri izuchenii molekuljarnoj dinamiki v zhidkom argone. V nastojashhee vremja izuchaetsja vopros o bolee usovershenstvovannoj obrabotke integrala stolknovenij. Raschet G(r,t) svidetel'stvuet o nalichii predpolagaemyh jeffektov teplovoj diffuzii i rasprostranenii zatuhajushhih zvukovyh voln pri bol'shoj dline voln, i takoj raschet otlichaetsja ot obychnogo gidrodinamicheskogo opisanija