Intermediate phase evolution in YBCO thin films grown by the TFA process

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zalamova, K; Pomar, A; Palau, A; Puig, T; Obradors, X

2010-01-01

The YBCO thin film growth process from TFA precursors involves a complex reaction path which includes several oxide, fluoride and oxyfluoride intermediate phases, and the final microstructure and properties of the films are strongly influenced by the morphological and chemical evolution of these intermediate phases. In this work we present a study of the evolution of the intermediate phases involved in the TFA YBCO growth process under normal pressure conditions and we show that the oxygen partial pressure during pyrolysis of the TFA precursors is an important parameter. The Cu phase after the TFA pyrolysis can be either CuO, Cu 2 O or a mixture of both as the oxygen partial pressure is modified. The kinetics evolution of the intermediate phases has been determined for films pyrolysed in oxygen and nitrogen atmospheres and it is concluded that non-equilibrium phase transformations influence the reaction path towards epitaxial YBCO films and its microstructure. The intermediate phase evolution in these two series of films is summarized in kinetic phase diagrams.

Atom-replaced pins in a Y-based superconductor—single-crystalline perovskite structure including both PrBa2Cu3O7‑x and YBa2Cu3O7‑y

Science.gov (United States)

Hayashi, Mariko; Araki, Takeshi; Ishii, Hirotaka; Nishijima, Gen; Matsumoto, Akiyoshi

2018-05-01

Metal organic deposition using trifluoroacetates (TFA-MOD) provides many uniform superconductors on long metal tapes. The large numbers of long wires have been applied for power grids or superconducting fault current limiters. The related applications worked for a long time without fatal trouble. The quasi-liquid produced during the firing process assisted the perfectly uniform structure in TFA-MOD. On the other hand, when it was desired to introduce artificial pinning centers, the quasi-liquid also enlarged the diameter of the artificial pinning centers to several tens of nanometers. In other words, due to the nature of TFA-MOD, there is very little chance of using TFA-MOD to prepare several nm-sized artificial pinning centers. By proposing atom-replaced pins (ARPs), we aim to overcome the impasse. ARPs are realized by replacing yttrium (Y) with praseodymium (Pr) whose valence number changes from 3+ to approximately 4+. Analytical results suggested that Pr makes pinning centers on a PrBa2Cu3O7‑x (PrBCO) unit cell, and the weak-linked superconductivity derived from PrBCO extends to the adjacent unit cells in the a/b-plane. J c decrease by Pr is five times as large as the volume fraction of Pr in the Y-site of the perovskite structure. On the other hand, T c does not show large degradation in YBCO including 10% PrBCO. These results suggest that PrBCO unit cells are fully dispersed in YBa2Cu3O7‑y matrix. With regard to J c in the magnetic field, (Y0.98, Pr0.02)BCO has been slightly improved compared with pure YBCO only in the region of high temperature and low magnetic field of less than 1 T.

Portrait of a "Teach for All" (TFA) Teacher: Media Narratives of the Universal TFA Teacher in 12 Countries

Science.gov (United States)

Gautreaux, Michelle; Delgado, Sandra

2016-01-01

This article employs narrative analysis to examine how the media in 12 different countries characterize the "Teach for All" (TFA) teacher. Examining mass media narratives in these 12 countries illustrates that there are some remarkable commonalities in the narratives and character portraits co-constructed and propagated by the media. At…

A Racio-Economic Analysis of Teach for America: Counterstories of TFA Teachers of Color

Science.gov (United States)

Lapayese, Yvette V.; Aldana, Ursula S.; Lara, Eduardo

2014-01-01

This article discusses Teach for America (TFA), one of the alternative education programs of the U.S. Department of Education designed to address the achievement gap of students of color in the country. Topics explored in this research include issues of racism and race in the recruitment and support of its teacher corp; how TFA educators of color…

SCDAP/RELAP5/MOD3 code development and assessment

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Allison, C.M.; Heath, C.H.; Siefken, L.J.; Hohorst, J.K.

1991-01-01

The SCDAP/RELAP5/MOD3 computer code is designed to describe the overall reactor coolant system (RCS) thermal-hydraulic response, core damage progression, and fission product release and transport during severe accidents. The code is being developed at the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory (INEL) under the primary sponsorship of the Office of Nuclear Regulatory Research of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC). SCDAP/RELAP5/MOD3, created in January, 1991, is the result of merging RELAP5/MOD3 with SCDAP and TRAP-MELT models from SCDAP/RELAP5/MOD2.5. The RELAP5 models calculate the overall RCS thermal-hydraulics, control system interactions, reactor kinetics, and the transport of noncondensible gases, fission products, and aerosols. The SCDAP models calculate the damage progression in the core structures, the formation, heatup, and melting of debris, and the creep rupture failure of the lower head and other RCS structures. The TRAP-MELT models calculate the deposition of fission products upon aerosols or structural surfaces; the formation, growth, or deposition of aerosols; and the evaporation of species from surfaces. The systematic assessment of modeling uncertainties in SCDAP/RELAP5 code is currently underway. This assessment includes (a) the evaluation of code-to-data comparisons using stand-alone SCDAP and SCDAP/RELAP5/MOD3, (b) the estimation of modeling and experimental uncertainties, and (c) the determination of the influence of those uncertainties on predicted severe accident behavior

Evaluation of the Tone Fan Noise Design/Prediction System (TFaNS) at the NASA Glenn Research Center

Science.gov (United States)

Koch, L. Danielle

1999-01-01

Version 1.4 of TFaNS, the Tone Fan Noise Design/Prediction System. has recently been evaluated at the NASA Glenn Research Center. Data from tests of the Allison Ultra High Bypass Fan (UHBF) were used to compare to predicted farfield directivities for the radial stator configuration. There was good agreement between measured and predicted directivities at low fan speeds when rotor effects were neglected in the TFaNS calculations. At higher fan speeds, TFaNS is shown to be useful in predicting overall trends rather than absolute sound pressure levels.

Molybdate binding by ModA, the periplasmic component of the Escherichia coli mod molybdate transport system.

Science.gov (United States)

Imperial, J; Hadi, M; Amy, N K

1998-03-13

ModA, the periplasmic-binding protein of the Escherichia coli mod transport system was overexpressed and purified. Binding of molybdate and tungstate to ModA was found to modify the UV absorption and fluorescence emission spectra of the protein. Titration of these changes showed that ModA binds molybdate and tungstate in a 1:1 molar ratio. ModA showed an intrinsic fluorescence emission spectrum attributable to its three tryptophanyl residues. Molybdate binding caused a conformational change in the protein characterized by: (i) a shift of tryptophanyl groups to a more hydrophobic environment; (ii) a quenching (at pH 5.0) or enhancement (at pH 7.8) of fluorescence; and (iii) a higher availability of tryptophanyl groups to the polar quencher acrylamide. The tight binding of molybdate did not allow an accurate estimation of the binding constants by these indirect methods. An isotopic binding method with 99MoO42- was used for accurate determination of KD (20 nM) and stoichiometry (1:1 molar ratio). ModA bound tungstate with approximately the same affinity, but did not bind sulfate or phosphate. These KDs are 150- to 250-fold lower than those previously reported, and compatible with the high molybdate transport affinity of the mod system. The affinity of ModA for molybdate was also determined in vivo and found to be similar to that determined in vitro. Copyright 1998 Elsevier Science B.V.

Measurement of LHCD edge power deposition through modulation techniques on Alcator C-Mod

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Faust, I. C.; Brunner, D.; LaBombard, B.; Parker, R. R.; Baek, S. G.; Chilenksi, M. A.; Hubbard, A.; Hughes, J. W.; Terry, J. L.; Shiraiwa, S.; Walk, J. R.; Wallace, G. M.; Whyte, D. G. [MIT Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Cambridge, MA USA (United States); Edlund, E. [Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton, NJ USA (United States)

2015-12-10

The efficiency of LHCD on Alcator C-Mod drops exponentially with line average density. At reactor relevant densities (> 1 · 1020 [m{sup −3}]) no measurable current is driven. While a number of causes have been suggested, no specific mechanism has been shown to be responsible for the loss of current drive at high density. Fast modulation of the LH power was used to isolate and quantify the LHCD deposition within the plasma. Measurements from these plasmas provide unique evidence for determining a root cause. Modulation of LH power in steady plasmas exhibited no correlated change in the core temperature. A correlated, prompt response in the edge suggests that the loss in efficiency is related to a edge absorption mechanism. This follows previous results which found the generation of n{sub ||}-independent SOL currents. Multiple Langmuir probe array measurements of the conducted heat conclude that the lost power is deposited near the last closed flux surface. The heat flux induced by LH waves onto the outer divertor is calculated. Changes in the neutral pressure, ionization and hard X-ray emission at high density highlight the importance of the active divertor in the loss of efficiency. Results of this study implicate a mechanism which may occur over multiple passes, leading to power absorption near the LCFS.

The Escherichia coli modE gene: effect of modE mutations on molybdate dependent modA expression.

Science.gov (United States)

McNicholas, P M; Chiang, R C; Gunsalus, R P

1996-11-15

The Escherichia coli modABCD operon, which encodes a high-affinity molybdate uptake system, is transcriptionally regulated in response to molybdate availability by ModE. Here we describe a highly effective enrichment protocol, applicable to any gene with a repressor role, and establish its application in the isolation of transposon mutations in modE. In addition we show that disruption of the ModE C-terminus abolishes derepression in the absence of molybdate, implying this region of ModE controls the repressor activity. Finally, a mutational analysis of a proposed molybdate binding motif indicates that this motif does not function in regulating the repressor activity of ModE.

A rapid process of Yba2Cu3O7-δ thin film fabrication using trifluoroacetate metal-organic deposition with polyethylene glycol additive

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Wu, Wei; Feng, Feng; Shi, Kai

2013-01-01

Trifluoroacetate metal-organic deposition (TFA-MOD) is a promising technique to fabricate YBa2Cu3O7-δ (YBCO) superconducting films. However, its slow pyrolysis process, which usually takes more than 10 h, constitutes a barrier for industrial production. In this study, polyethylene glycol (PEG......) was utilized to reduce the stress generation inside the coated films when the strong pyrolysis reactions happen. With the addition of 30 wt% PEG2000 to the precursor solution, a smooth film surface could be obtained through a rapid pyrolysis process of 15 min. After the optimizations of the crystallization...... and oxygenation processes, mass percentage and molecular weight of PEG additive, YBCO thin films with Jc of about 4.5 MA cm-2 (77 K, self-field) could be routinely fabricated using (20-30) wt% PEG(1000-2000) additive with a total treatment time of about 2 h including the 15 min pyrolysis process time. The effects...

Mod i ledelse

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Mellon, Karsten

2016-01-01

Mod i ledelse er en efterspurgt vare i offentligt regi som modsvar på stigende kompleksitet og pres. Men hvad er ’mod i ledelse’ – og er du selv en modig leder?......Mod i ledelse er en efterspurgt vare i offentligt regi som modsvar på stigende kompleksitet og pres. Men hvad er ’mod i ledelse’ – og er du selv en modig leder?...

Gas jet disruption mitigation studies on Alcator C-Mod

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Granetz, R.; Whyte, D.G.; Izzo, V.A.; Biewer, T.; Reinke, M.L.; Terry, J.; Bader, A.; Bakhtiari, M.; Jernigan, T.; Wurden, G.

2006-01-01

Damaging effects of disruptions are a major concern for Alcator C-Mod, ITER and future tokamak reactors. High-pressure noble gas jet injection is a mitigation technique which potentially satisfies the operational requirements of fast response time and reliability, while still being benign to subsequent discharges. Disruption mitigation experiments using an optimized gas jet injection system are being carried out on Alcator C-Mod to study the physics of gas jet penetration into high pressure plasmas, as well as the ability of the gas jet impurities to convert plasma energy into radiation on timescales consistent with C-Mod's fast quench times, and to reduce halo currents given C-Mod's high-current density. The dependence of impurity penetration and effectiveness on noble gas species (He, Ne, Ar, Kr) is also being studied. It is found that the high-pressure neutral gas jet does not penetrate deeply into the C-Mod plasma, and yet prompt core thermal quenches are observed on all gas jet shots. 3D MHD modelling of the disruption physics with NIMROD shows that edge cooling of the plasma triggers fast growing tearing modes which rapidly produce a stochastic region in the core of the plasma and loss of thermal energy. This may explain the apparent effectiveness of the gas jet in C-Mod despite its limited penetration. The higher-Z gases (Ne, Ar, Kr) also proved effective at reducing halo currents and decreasing thermal deposition to the divertor surfaces. In addition, noble gas jet injection proved to be benign for plasma operation with C-Mod's metal (Mo) wall, actually improving the reliability of the startup in the following discharge

Algebraic Structures on MOD Planes

OpenAIRE

Kandasamy, Vasantha; Ilanthenral, K.; Smarandache, Florentin

2015-01-01

Study of MOD planes happens to a very recent one. In this book, systematically algebraic structures on MOD planes like, MOD semigroups, MOD groups and MOD rings of different types are defined and studied. Such study is innovative for a large four quadrant planes are made into a small MOD planes. Several distinct features enjoyed by these MOD planes are defined, developed and described.

TFA Tank Focus Area - multiyear program plan FY98-FY00

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

1997-09-01

The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) continues to face a major radioactive waste tank remediation problem with hundreds of waste tanks containing hundreds of thousands of cubic meters of high-level waste (HLW) and transuranic (TRU) waste across the DOE complex. Approximately 80 tanks are known or assumed to have leaked. Some of the tank contents have reacted to form flammable gases, introducing additional safety risks. These tanks must be maintained in a safe condition and eventually remediated to minimize the risk of waste migration and/or exposure to workers, the public, and the environment. However, programmatic drivers are more ambitious than baseline technologies and budgets will support. Science and technology development investments are required to reduce the technical and programmatic risks associated with the tank remediation baselines. The Tanks Focus Area (TFA) was initiated in 1994 to serve as the DOE's Office of Environmental Management's (EM's) national technology development program for radioactive waste tank remediation. The national program was formed to increase integration and realize greater benefits from DOE's technology development budget. The TFA is responsible for managing, coordinating, and leveraging technology development to support DOE's four major tank sites: Hanford Site (Washington), Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory (INEEL) (Idaho), Oak Ridge Reservation (ORR) (Tennessee), and Savannah River Site (SRS) (South Carolina). Its technical scope covers the major functions that comprise a complete tank remediation system: waste retrieval, waste pretreatment, waste immobilization, tank closure, and characterization of both the waste and tank with safety integrated into all the functions. The TFA integrates program activities across organizations that fund tank technology development EM, including the Offices of Waste Management (EM-30), Environmental Restoration (EM-40), and Science and Technology (EM-50)

TFA Tanks Focus Area Multiyear Program Plan FY00-FY04

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

BA Carteret; JH Westsik; LR Roeder-Smith; RL Gilchrist; RW Allen; SN Schlahta; TM Brouns

1999-10-12

The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) continues to face a major radioactive waste tank remediation problem with hundreds of waste tanks containing hundreds of thousands of cubic meters of high-level waste (HLW) and transuranic (TRU) waste across the DOE complex. Approximately 68 tanks are known or assumed to have leaked contamination to the soil. Some of the tank contents have reacted to form flammable gases, introducing additional safety risks. These tanks must be maintained in a safe condition and eventually remediated to minimize the risk of waste migration and/or exposure to workers, the public, and the environment. However, programmatic drivers are more ambitious than baseline technologies and budgets will support. Science and technology development investments are required to reduce the technical and programmatic risks associated with the tank remediation baselines. The Tanks Focus Area (TFA) was initiated in 1994 to serve as the DOE Office of Environmental Management's (EM's) national technology development program. for radioactive waste tank remediation. The national program was formed to increase integration and realize greater benefits from DOE's technology development budget. The TFA is responsible for managing, coordinating, and leveraging technology development to support DOE's five major tank sites: Hanford Site (Washington), Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory (INEEL) (Idaho), Oak Ridge Reservation (ORR) (Tennessee), Savannah River Site (SRS) (South Carolina), and West Valley Demonstration Project (WVDP) (New York). Its technical scope covers the major functions that comprise a complete tank remediation system: waste retrieval, waste pretreatment, waste immobilization, tank closure, and characterization of both the waste and tank with safety integrated into all the functions. The TFA integrates program activities across EM organizations that fund tank technology development, including the Offices of Waste

TFA Tanks Focus Area Multiyear Program Plan FY00-FY04

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

BA Carteret; JH Westsik; LR Roeder-Smith; RL Gilchrist; RW Allen; SN Schlahta; TM Brouns

1999-01-01

The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) continues to face a major radioactive waste tank remediation problem with hundreds of waste tanks containing hundreds of thousands of cubic meters of high-level waste (HLW) and transuranic (TRU) waste across the DOE complex. Approximately 68 tanks are known or assumed to have leaked contamination to the soil. Some of the tank contents have reacted to form flammable gases, introducing additional safety risks. These tanks must be maintained in a safe condition and eventually remediated to minimize the risk of waste migration and/or exposure to workers, the public, and the environment. However, programmatic drivers are more ambitious than baseline technologies and budgets will support. Science and technology development investments are required to reduce the technical and programmatic risks associated with the tank remediation baselines. The Tanks Focus Area (TFA) was initiated in 1994 to serve as the DOE Office of Environmental Management's (EM's) national technology development program. for radioactive waste tank remediation. The national program was formed to increase integration and realize greater benefits from DOE's technology development budget. The TFA is responsible for managing, coordinating, and leveraging technology development to support DOE's five major tank sites: Hanford Site (Washington), Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory (INEEL) (Idaho), Oak Ridge Reservation (ORR) (Tennessee), Savannah River Site (SRS) (South Carolina), and West Valley Demonstration Project (WVDP) (New York). Its technical scope covers the major functions that comprise a complete tank remediation system: waste retrieval, waste pretreatment, waste immobilization, tank closure, and characterization of both the waste and tank with safety integrated into all the functions. The TFA integrates program activities across EM organizations that fund tank technology development, including the Offices of Waste Management (EM-30

TFA Tank Focus Area - multiyear program plan FY98-FY00

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1997-09-01

The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) continues to face a major radioactive waste tank remediation problem with hundreds of waste tanks containing hundreds of thousands of cubic meters of high-level waste (HLW) and transuranic (TRU) waste across the DOE complex. Approximately 80 tanks are known or assumed to have leaked. Some of the tank contents have reacted to form flammable gases, introducing additional safety risks. These tanks must be maintained in a safe condition and eventually remediated to minimize the risk of waste migration and/or exposure to workers, the public, and the environment. However, programmatic drivers are more ambitious than baseline technologies and budgets will support. Science and technology development investments are required to reduce the technical and programmatic risks associated with the tank remediation baselines. The Tanks Focus Area (TFA) was initiated in 1994 to serve as the DOE`s Office of Environmental Management`s (EM`s) national technology development program for radioactive waste tank remediation. The national program was formed to increase integration and realize greater benefits from DOE`s technology development budget. The TFA is responsible for managing, coordinating, and leveraging technology development to support DOE`s four major tank sites: Hanford Site (Washington), Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory (INEEL) (Idaho), Oak Ridge Reservation (ORR) (Tennessee), and Savannah River Site (SRS) (South Carolina). Its technical scope covers the major functions that comprise a complete tank remediation system: waste retrieval, waste pretreatment, waste immobilization, tank closure, and characterization of both the waste and tank with safety integrated into all the functions. The TFA integrates program activities across organizations that fund tank technology development EM, including the Offices of Waste Management (EM-30), Environmental Restoration (EM-40), and Science and Technology (EM-50).

Distribution of the type III DNA methyltransferases modA, modB and modD among Neisseria meningitidis genotypes: implications for gene regulation and virulence.

Science.gov (United States)

Tan, Aimee; Hill, Dorothea M C; Harrison, Odile B; Srikhanta, Yogitha N; Jennings, Michael P; Maiden, Martin C J; Seib, Kate L

2016-02-12

Neisseria meningitidis is a human-specific bacterium that varies in invasive potential. All meningococci are carried in the nasopharynx, and most genotypes are very infrequently associated with invasive meningococcal disease; however, those belonging to the 'hyperinvasive lineages' are more frequently associated with sepsis or meningitis. Genome content is highly conserved between carriage and disease isolates, and differential gene expression has been proposed as a major determinant of the hyperinvasive phenotype. Three phase variable DNA methyltransferases (ModA, ModB and ModD), which mediate epigenetic regulation of distinct phase variable regulons (phasevarions), have been identified in N. meningitidis. Each mod gene has distinct alleles, defined by their Mod DNA recognition domain, and these target and methylate different DNA sequences, thereby regulating distinct gene sets. Here 211 meningococcal carriage and >1,400 disease isolates were surveyed for the distribution of meningococcal mod alleles. While modA11-12 and modB1-2 were found in most isolates, rarer alleles (e.g., modA15, modB4, modD1-6) were specific to particular genotypes as defined by clonal complex. This suggests that phase variable Mod proteins may be associated with distinct phenotypes and hence invasive potential of N. meningitidis strains.

13C-Tracer Experiments in DIII-D Preliminary to Thermal Oxidation Experiments to Understand Tritium Recovery in DIII-D, JET, C-Mod, and MAST

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Stangeby, P.; Allen, S.; Bekris, N.; Brooks, N.; Christie, K.; Chrobak, C.; Coad, J.; Counsell, G.; Davis, J.; Elder, J.; Fenstermacher, M.; Groth, M.; Haasz, A.; Likonen, J.; Lipschultz, B.; McLean, A.; Philipps, V.; Porter, G.; Rudakov, D.; Shea, J.; Wampler, W.; Watkins, J.; West, W.; Whyte, D.

2006-01-01

Retention of tritium in carbon co-deposits is a serious concern for ITER. Developing a reliable in-situ removal method of the co-deposited tritium would allow the use of carbon plasma-facing components which have proven reliable in high heat flux conditions and compatible with high performance plasmas. Thermal oxidation is a potential solution, capable of reaching even hidden locations. It is necessary to establish the least severe conditions to achieve adequate tritium recovery, minimizing damage and reconditioning time. The first step in this multi-machine project is 13 C-tracer experiments in DIII-D, JET, C-Mod and MAST. In DIII-D and JET, 13 CH 4 has been (and in C-Mod and MAST, will be) injected toroidally symmetrically, facilitating quantification and interpretation of the results. Tiles have been removed, analyzed for 13 C content and will next be evaluated in a thermal oxidation test facility in Toronto with regard to the ability of different severities of oxidation exposure to remove the different types of (known and measured) 13 C co-deposit. Removal of D/T from B on Mo tiles from C-Mod will also be tested. OEDGE interpretive code analysis of the 13 C deposition patterns is used to generate the understanding needed to apply findings to ITER. First results are reported here for the 13 C injection experiments IN DIII-D

Hydrogenated Amorphous Silicon Sensor Deposited on Integrated Circuit for Radiation Detection

CERN Document Server

Despeisse, M; Jarron, P; Kaplon, J; Moraes, D; Nardulli, A; Powolny, F; Wyrsch, N

2008-01-01

Radiation detectors based on the deposition of a 10 to 30 mum thick hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) sensor directly on top of integrated circuits have been developed. The performance of this detector technology has been assessed for the first time in the context of particle detectors. Three different circuits were designed in a quarter micron CMOS technology for these studies. The so-called TFA (Thin-Film on ASIC) detectors obtained after deposition of a-Si:H sensors on the developed circuits are presented. High internal electric fields (104 to 105 V/cm) can be built in the a-Si:H sensor and overcome the low mobility of electrons and holes in this amorphous material. However, the deposited sensor's leakage current at such fields turns out to be an important parameter which limits the performance of a TFA detector. Its detailed study is presented as well as the detector's pixel segmentation. Signal induction by generated free carrier motion in the a-Si:H sensor has been characterized using a 660 nm pul...

Creep-fatigue evaluation method for weld joint of Mod.9Cr-1Mo steel Part II: Plate bending test and proposal of a simplified evaluation method

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ando, Masanori, E-mail: ando.masanori@jaea.go.jp; Takaya, Shigeru, E-mail: takaya.shigeru@jaea.go.jp

2016-12-15

Highlights: • Creep-fatigue evaluation method for weld joint of Mod.9Cr-1Mo steel is proposed. • A simplified evaluation method is also proposed for the codification. • Both proposed evaluation method was validated by the plate bending test. • For codification, the local stress and strain behavior was analyzed. - Abstract: In the present study, to develop an evaluation procedure and design rules for Mod.9Cr-1Mo steel weld joints, a method for evaluating the creep-fatigue life of Mod.9Cr-1Mo steel weld joints was proposed based on finite element analysis (FEA) and a series of cyclic plate bending tests of longitudinal and horizontal seamed plates. The strain concentration and redistribution behaviors were evaluated and the failure cycles were estimated using FEA by considering the test conditions and metallurgical discontinuities in the weld joints. Inelastic FEA models consisting of the base metal, heat-affected zone and weld metal were employed to estimate the elastic follow-up behavior caused by the metallurgical discontinuities. The elastic follow-up factors determined by comparing the elastic and inelastic FEA results were determined to be less than 1.5. Based on the estimated elastic follow-up factors obtained via inelastic FEA, a simplified technique using elastic FEA was proposed for evaluating the creep-fatigue life in Mod.9Cr-1Mo steel weld joints. The creep-fatigue life obtained using the plate bending test was compared to those estimated from the results of inelastic FEA and by a simplified evaluation method.

Creep-fatigue evaluation method for weld joint of Mod.9Cr-1Mo steel Part II: Plate bending test and proposal of a simplified evaluation method

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ando, Masanori; Takaya, Shigeru

2016-01-01

Highlights: • Creep-fatigue evaluation method for weld joint of Mod.9Cr-1Mo steel is proposed. • A simplified evaluation method is also proposed for the codification. • Both proposed evaluation method was validated by the plate bending test. • For codification, the local stress and strain behavior was analyzed. - Abstract: In the present study, to develop an evaluation procedure and design rules for Mod.9Cr-1Mo steel weld joints, a method for evaluating the creep-fatigue life of Mod.9Cr-1Mo steel weld joints was proposed based on finite element analysis (FEA) and a series of cyclic plate bending tests of longitudinal and horizontal seamed plates. The strain concentration and redistribution behaviors were evaluated and the failure cycles were estimated using FEA by considering the test conditions and metallurgical discontinuities in the weld joints. Inelastic FEA models consisting of the base metal, heat-affected zone and weld metal were employed to estimate the elastic follow-up behavior caused by the metallurgical discontinuities. The elastic follow-up factors determined by comparing the elastic and inelastic FEA results were determined to be less than 1.5. Based on the estimated elastic follow-up factors obtained via inelastic FEA, a simplified technique using elastic FEA was proposed for evaluating the creep-fatigue life in Mod.9Cr-1Mo steel weld joints. The creep-fatigue life obtained using the plate bending test was compared to those estimated from the results of inelastic FEA and by a simplified evaluation method.

TC-13 Mod 0 and Mod 2 Steam Catapult Test Site

Data.gov (United States)

Federal Laboratory Consortium — Located on 11,000 feet of test runway, the TC-13 Mod 0 and Mod 2 Steam Catapult Test Site has in-ground catapults identical to those aboard carriers. This test site...

Inversion of Flow Depth and Speed from Tsunami Deposits using TsuSedMod

Science.gov (United States)

Spiske, M.; Weiss, R.; Roskosch, J.; Bahlburg, H.

2008-12-01

The global evolution of a tsunami wave train can be expressed by the sum of local effects along a tsunami- wave beam. The near-shore evolution of tsunami is very complex as the waves interact with the sea-bottom sediments. Filtered through offshore and onshore erosion and deposition, this evolution is recorded in the coastal area by topographical changes, local erosion and tsunami deposits. Recordable sedimentary on-site features include grain-size distributions and horizontal thickness trends. Immediately after an event, indicators of flow depth and run up extent, such as water marks on buildings and vegetation, debris and plastic bags caught in trees and swash lines, can be measured in the field. A direct measurement of the overland flow velocity is usually not possible. However, regarding recent tsunami events, videos of surveillance cameras or witness accounts helped to estimate the characteristics of overland flow. For historical and paleotsunami events such information is not directly available. Jaffe & Gelfenbaum (2007) developed an inversion model (TsuSedMod) to estimate flow depth and speed based upon the grain-size distribution and the thickness of onshore tsunami sediments. This model assumes a steady distribution of sediment in the water column, for which the appication of the Rouse equation is possible. Further simplifications, especially concerning the turbulence structure, are based on the mixing- length theory by Prandtl, the standard approximation in physical sedimentology. We calculated flow depths for sediments left behind by the 2004 Sumatra-Tsunami in India and Kenya (Weiss & Bahlburg, 2006; Bahlburg & Weiss, 2007) and by the 2006 Java-Tsunami on Java (Piepenbreier et al., 2007), using the model of Jaffe and Gelfenbaum (2007). Estimated flow depth were compared with measured data to extend the validation procedure. This extension is needed to gain confidence and understanding before the next step is taken to compute the near

Welcoming the Dark Side?: Exploring Whitelash and Actual Space Nazis in TFA Fanfiction

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Cait Coker

2017-12-01

Full Text Available From the release of its first trailer, Star Wars: The Force Awakens received a racist backlash in response to the character of Finn, a black Stormtrooper turned hero. Nonetheless, after the film’s debut, slash fans across the Internet joined to make the Finn/Poe and Finn/Poe/Rey relationships (known as ‘ships among the most popular in both art and fiction, in what seemed to be a welcome sign of fandom’s evolution from the usual orgy of white cis-bodies. However, by the time TFA was available for legal download, the Kylo/Hux ‘ship had overtaken the others significantly, despite their lack of screentime and actual lines, and the fact that they were “actual space Nazis” and “evil space boyfriends.” This essay will explore the intersections of racism and misogyny in TFA fanfiction and discuss why these most problematic ‘ships have become the most popular, and consider how the mainstreaming of the Empire in the popular imagination is a form of political whitelash.

Didattica della letteratura francese e TFA. Dalle finalità condivise al cantiere aperto delle buone pratiche didattiche

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Enrico De Gennaro

2014-06-01

Full Text Available French literature teaching and TFA: From shared objectives to the development of good teaching practices. If the purpose and role of teaching literature in a foreign language – an important aspect of the literary education in the secondary school – have been sufficiently clarified, the educational practices are still an open question that can attract the active interest of the TFA trainees. The concept of educational practices is assumed here in a broad sense. It includes all those aspects related to the setting and organization of teaching that have to be managed by teachers, such as annual work plans, procedures and criteria for the selection of textbooks, types of tests, in particular the ones designed for State exams, assessment grids and more. There is no doubt, however, that one of the pivots of teaching literature in French is the approach to literary texts. If the historical and chronological model seems to be still widespread in Italian schools, other modular approaches offer the advantage of greater flexibility and are more likely to involve students born in the multimedia and digital era. On all the above-mentioned topics, the TFA trainees were able to offer relevant points of view and suggestions.

Functional characterization of the Bradyrhizobium japonicum modA and modB genes involved in molybdenum transport.

Science.gov (United States)

Delgado, María J; Tresierra-Ayala, Alvaro; Talbi, Chouhra; Bedmar, Eulogio J

2006-01-01

A modABC gene cluster that encodes an ABC-type, high-affinity molybdate transporter from Bradyrhizobium japonicum has been isolated and characterized. B. japonicum modA and modB mutant strains were unable to grow aerobically or anaerobically with nitrate as nitrogen source or as respiratory substrate, respectively, and lacked nitrate reductase activity. The nitrogen-fixing ability of the mod mutants in symbiotic association with soybean plants grown in a Mo-deficient mineral solution was severely impaired. Addition of molybdate to the bacterial growth medium or to the plant mineral solution fully restored the wild-type phenotype. Because the amount of molybdate required for suppression of the mutant phenotype either under free-living or under symbiotic conditions was dependent on sulphate concentration, it is likely that a sulphate transporter is also involved in Mo uptake in B. japonicum. The promoter region of the modABC genes has been characterized by primer extension. Reverse transcription and expression of a transcriptional fusion, P(modA)-lacZ, was detected only in a B. japonicum modA mutant grown in a medium without molybdate supplementation. These findings indicate that transcription of the B. japonicum modABC genes is repressed by molybdate.

An analysis of the binding of repressor protein ModE to modABCD (molybdate transport) operator/promoter DNA of Escherichia coli.

Science.gov (United States)

Grunden, A M; Self, W T; Villain, M; Blalock, J E; Shanmugam, K T

1999-08-20

Expression of the modABCD operon in Escherichia coli, which codes for a molybdate-specific transporter, is repressed by ModE in vivo in a molybdate-dependent fashion. In vitro DNase I-footprinting experiments identified three distinct regions of protection by ModE-molybdate on the modA operator/promoter DNA, GTTATATT (-15 to -8; region 1), GCCTACAT (-4 to +4; region 2), and GTTACAT (+8 to +14; region 3). Within the three regions of the protected DNA, a pentamer sequence, TAYAT (Y = C or T), can be identified. DNA-electrophoretic mobility experiments showed that the protected regions 1 and 2 are essential for binding of ModE-molybdate to DNA, whereas the protected region 3 increases the affinity of the DNA to the repressor. The stoichiometry of this interaction was found to be two ModE-molybdate per modA operator DNA. ModE-molybdate at 5 nM completely protected the modABCD operator/promoter DNA from DNase I-catalyzed hydrolysis, whereas ModE alone failed to protect the DNA even at 100 nM. The apparent K(d) for the interaction between the modA operator DNA and ModE-molybdate was 0.3 nM, and the K(d) increased to 8 nM in the absence of molybdate. Among the various oxyanions tested, only tungstate replaced molybdate in the repression of modA by ModE, but the affinity of ModE-tungstate for modABCD operator DNA was 6 times lower than with ModE-molybdate. A mutant ModE(T125I) protein, which repressed modA-lac even in the absence of molybdate, protected the same region of modA operator DNA in the absence of molybdate. The apparent K(d) for the interaction between modA operator DNA and ModE(T125I) was 3 nM in the presence of molybdate and 4 nM without molybdate. The binding of molybdate to ModE resulted in a decrease in fluorescence emission, indicating a conformational change of the protein upon molybdate binding. The fluorescence emission spectra of mutant ModE proteins, ModE(T125I) and ModE(Q216*), were unaffected by molybdate. The molybdate-independent mutant Mod

Who owns the mods?

OpenAIRE

Kow, Yong Ming; Nardi, Bonnie

2010-01-01

Modding, the development of end user software extensions to commercial products, is popular among video gamers. Modders form communities to help each other. Mods can shape software products by weaving in contributions from users themselves based on their own experience of a product. The purpose of this paper is to investigate a conflict between a modding community and a gaming company which reveals contested issues of ownership and governance. We studied an online game, World of Warcraft, a l...

Alcator C-Mod Tokamak

Data.gov (United States)

Federal Laboratory Consortium — Alcator C-Mod at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology is operated as a DOE national user facility. Alcator C-Mod is a unique, compact tokamak facility that uses...

VARSKIN MOD 2 and SADDE MOD2: Computer codes for assessing skin dose from skin contamination

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Durham, J.S.

1992-12-01

The computer code VARSKIN has been modified to calculate dose to skin from three-dimensional sources, sources separated from the skin by layers of protective clothing, and gamma dose from certain radionuclides correction for backscatter has also been incorporated for certain geometries. This document describes the new code, VARSKIN Mod 2, including installation and operation instructions, provides detailed descriptions of the models used, and suggests methods for avoiding misuse of the code. The input data file for VARSKIN Mod 2 has been modified to reflect current physical data, to include the contribution to dose from internal conversion and Auger electrons, and to reflect a correction for low-energy electrons. In addition, the computer code SADDE: Scaled Absorbed Dose Distribution Evaluator has been modified to allow the generation of scaled absorbed dose distributions for mixtures of radionuclides and intereat conversion and Auger electrons. This new code, SADDE Mod 2, is also described in this document. Instructions for installation and operation of the code and detailed descriptions of the models used in the code are provided

Development of sorbent therapy for multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Li Li; Pan Jilun; Yu Yaoting

2007-01-01

As a syndrome, multiple organ dysfunction (MODS) is defined as an altered organ function in the setting of sepsis, septic shock or systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and is the most common cause of death in intensive care units. Endotoxin, a constituent of cell walls of Gram-negative bacteria, plays an important role in the initiation and development of MODS. The cytokines, especially tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), are early regulators of the immune response and can induce the release of secondary cytokines. To remove endotoxin and TNF-alpha from patients with MODS, the adsorption method has proven to be most effective. In this review, we provide various methods of removal of endotoxins and TNF-alpha using different adsorbents. (topical review)

Rotation and transport in Alcator C-Mod ITB plasmas

Science.gov (United States)

Fiore, C. L.; Rice, J. E.; Podpaly, Y.; Bespamyatnov, I. O.; Rowan, W. L.; Hughes, J. W.; Reinke, M.

2010-06-01

Internal transport barriers (ITBs) are seen under a number of conditions in Alcator C-Mod plasmas. Most typically, radio frequency power in the ion cyclotron range of frequencies (ICRFs) is injected with the second harmonic of the resonant frequency for minority hydrogen ions positioned off-axis at r/a > 0.5 to initiate the ITBs. They can also arise spontaneously in ohmic H-mode plasmas. These ITBs typically persist tens of energy confinement times until the plasma terminates in radiative collapse or a disruption occurs. All C-Mod core barriers exhibit strongly peaked density and pressure profiles, static or peaking temperature profiles, peaking impurity density profiles and thermal transport coefficients that approach neoclassical values in the core. The strongly co-current intrinsic central plasma rotation that is observed following the H-mode transition has a profile that is peaked in the centre of the plasma and decreases towards the edge if the ICRF power deposition is in the plasma centre. When the ICRF resonance is placed off-axis, the rotation develops a well in the core region. The central rotation continues to decrease as long as the central density peaks when an ITB develops. This rotation profile is flat in the centre (0 ITB density profile is observed (0.5 ITB foot that is sufficiently large to stabilize ion temperature gradient instabilities that dominate transport in C-Mod high density plasmas.

A modified MOD16 algorithm to estimate evapotranspiration over alpine meadow on the Tibetan Plateau, China

Science.gov (United States)

Chang, Y.; Ding, Y.; Zhao, Q.; Zhang, S.

2017-12-01

The accurate estimation of evapotranspiration (ET) is crucial for managing water resources in areas with extreme climates affected by climate change, such as the Tibetan Plateau (TP). The MOD16 ET product has also been validated and applied in many countries with various climates, however, its performance varies under different climates and regions. Several have studied ET based on satellite-based models on the TP. However, only a few studies on the performance of MOD16 in the TP with heterogeneous land cover have been reported. This study proposes an improved algorithm for estimating ET based on a proposed modified MOD16 method over alpine meadow on the TP in China. Wind speed and vegetation height were integrated to estimate aerodynamic resistance, while the temperature and moisture constraint for stomatal conductance were revised based on the technique proposed by Fisher et al. (2008). Moreover, Fisher's method for soil evaporation was introduced to decrease the uncertainty of soil evaporation estimation. Five representative alpine meadow sites on the TP were selected to investigate the performance of the modified algorithm. Comparisons between ET observed using Eddy Covariance (EC) and estimated using both the original method and modified method suggest that the modified algorithm had better performance than the original MOD16 method. This result was achieved considering that the coefficient of determination (R2) increased from 0.28 to 0.70, and the root mean square error (RMSE) decreased from 1.31 to 0.77 mm d-1. The modified algorithm also outperformed on precipitation days compared to non-precipitation days at Suli and Hulugou sites, while it performed well for both non-precipitation and precipitation days at Tanggula site. Comparisons of the 8-day ET estimation using the MOD16 product, original MOD16 method, and modified MOD16 method with observed ET suggest that MOD16 product underestimated ET over the alpine meadow of the TP during the growing season

Overexpression, purification, and partial characterization of ADP-ribosyltransferases modA and modB of bacteriophage T4.

Science.gov (United States)

Tiemann, B; Depping, R; Rüger, W

1999-01-01

There is increasing experimental evidence that ADP-ribosylation of host proteins is an important means to regulate gene expression of bacteriophage T4. Surprisingly, this phage codes for three different ADP-ribosyltransferases, gene products Alt, ModA, and ModB, modifying partially overlapping sets of host proteins. While gene product Alt already has been isolated as a recombinant protein and its action on host RNA polymerases and transcription regulation have been studied, the nucleotide sequences of the two mod genes was published only recently. Their mode of action in the course of the infection cycle and the consequences of the ADP-ribosylations catalyzed by these enzymes remain to be investigated. Here we describe the cloning of the genes, the overexpression, purification, and partial characterization of ADP-ribosyltransferases ModA and ModB. Both proteins seem to act independently, and the ADP-ribosyl moieties are transferred to different sets of host proteins. While gene product ModA, similarly to the Alt protein, acts also on the alpha-subunit of host RNA polymerase, the ModB activity serves another set of proteins, one of which was identified as the S1 protein associated with the 30S subunit of the E. coli ribosomes.

Extension of the lod score: the mod score.

Science.gov (United States)

Clerget-Darpoux, F

2001-01-01

In 1955 Morton proposed the lod score method both for testing linkage between loci and for estimating the recombination fraction between them. If a disease is controlled by a gene at one of these loci, the lod score computation requires the prior specification of an underlying model that assigns the probabilities of genotypes from the observed phenotypes. To address the case of linkage studies for diseases with unknown mode of inheritance, we suggested (Clerget-Darpoux et al., 1986) extending the lod score function to a so-called mod score function. In this function, the variables are both the recombination fraction and the disease model parameters. Maximizing the mod score function over all these parameters amounts to maximizing the probability of marker data conditional on the disease status. Under the absence of linkage, the mod score conforms to a chi-square distribution, with extra degrees of freedom in comparison to the lod score function (MacLean et al., 1993). The mod score is asymptotically maximum for the true disease model (Clerget-Darpoux and Bonaïti-Pellié, 1992; Hodge and Elston, 1994). Consequently, the power to detect linkage through mod score will be highest when the space of models where the maximization is performed includes the true model. On the other hand, one must avoid overparametrization of the model space. For example, when the approach is applied to affected sibpairs, only two constrained disease model parameters should be used (Knapp et al., 1994) for the mod score maximization. It is also important to emphasize the existence of a strong correlation between the disease gene location and the disease model. Consequently, there is poor resolution of the location of the susceptibility locus when the disease model at this locus is unknown. Of course, this is true regardless of the statistics used. The mod score may also be applied in a candidate gene strategy to model the potential effect of this gene in the disease. Since, however, it

Second Generation HTs Wire Based on RABiTS Substrates and MOD YBCO

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Schoop, U. [American Superconductor Corporation, Westborough, MA; Rupich, Marty [American Superconductor Corporation, Westborough, MA; Thieme, C. L. H. [American Superconductor Corporation, Westborough, MA; Verebelyi, D. T. [American Superconductor Corporation, Westborough, MA; Zhang, W. [American Superconductor Corporation, Westborough, MA; Li, Xiaoping [American Superconductor Corporation, Westborough, MA; Kodenkandath, Thomas [American Superconductor Corporation, Westborough, MA; Nguyen, N. [American Superconductor Corporation, Westborough, MA; Siegal, E. E. [American Superconductor Corporation, Westborough, MA; Civale, L. [Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL); Holesinger, T. G. [Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL); Maiorov, B. [Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL); Goyal, Amit [ORNL; Paranthaman, Mariappan Parans [ORNL

2005-01-01

The performance of Second Generation (2G) high temperature superconducting wire manufactured by continuous reel-to-reel processes is nearing the 300 A/cm-width (77 K, self field) performance threshold for commercial power cable applications. The 2G manufacturing approach under development at American Superconductor is based on the combination of the RABiTS substrate-buffer technology with metal organic deposition (MOD) of the YBCO layer. The capability of this process has been demonstrated in multiple 10 meter lengths with critical currents exceeding 250 A/cm-width with high uniformity and reproducibility. Critical currents of 380 A/cm-width have been achieved in short length samples prepared by the same basic process. The incorporation of nanoparticles ('nanodots') into the YBCO layer using the MOD process has resulted in a 2-fold improvement in the critical current at 65 K in a 3 T field. The research and development focus at ASMC is now directed toward the economical scale-up of the RABiTS/MOD process, optimization of the conductor properties for targeted applications and the use of 2G wire in initial demonstration applications.

Luminescent properties of [UO{sub 2}(TFA){sub 2}(DMSO){sub 3}], a promising material for sensing and monitoring the uranyl ion

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Martin-Ramos, Pablo; Silva, Manuela Ramos; Silva, Pedro S. Pereira da [Centro de Fisica da Universidade de Coimbra (CFisUC), Department of Physics, Universidade de Coimbra (Portugal); Costa, Ana L.; Melo, J. Sergio Seixas de [Centro de Quimica de Coimbra, Department of Chemistry, Universidade de Coimbra (Portugal); Pereira, Laura C.J. [Centro de Ciencias e Tecnologias Nucleares, Instituto Superior Tecnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Bobadela LRS (Portugal); Martin-Gil, Jesus, E-mail: pmr@unizar.es [Advanced Materials Laboratory, Escuela Tecnica Superior de Ingenierias Agrarias, University of Valladolid, Palencia (Spain)

2016-03-15

An uranyl complex [UO{sub 2}(TFA){sub 2}(DMSO){sub 3}] (TFA=deprotonated trifluoroacetic acid; DMSO=dimethyl sulfoxide) has been successfully synthesized by reacting UO{sub 2}(CH{sub 3}COO){sub 2} ·H{sub 2} O with one equivalent of (CF{sub 3} CO){sub 2} O and DMSO. The complex has been characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, X-ray powder diffraction, elemental analysis, FTIR spectroscopy, thermal analysis and absorption and emission spectroscopies. The spectroscopic properties of the material make it suitable for its application in the sensing and monitoring of uranyl in the PUREX process. (author)

Assessment of RELAP5/MOD2 and RELAP5/MOD1-EUR codes on the basis of LOBI-MOD2 test results

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

D'Auria, F.; Mazzini, M.; Oriolo, F.; Galassi, G.M.

1989-10-01

The present report deals with an overview of the application of RELAP5/MOD2 and RELAP5/MOD1-EUR codes to tests performed in the LOBI/MOD2 facility. The work has been carried out in the frame of a contract between Dipartimento di Costruzioni Meccaniche e Nucleari (DCMN) of Pisa University and CEC. The Universities of Roma, Pisa, Bologna and Palermo and the Polytechnic of Torino performed the post-test analysis of the LOBI experiment under the supervision of DCMN. In the report the main outcomes from the analysis of the LOBI experiments are given with the attempt to identify deficiencies in the modelling capabilities of the used codes

Microscopic observation drug susceptibility assay (MODS for early diagnosis of tuberculosis in children.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Dang Thi Minh Ha

2009-12-01

Full Text Available MODS is a novel liquid culture based technique that has been shown to be effective and rapid for early diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB. We evaluated the MODS assay for diagnosis of TB in children in Viet Nam. 217 consecutive samples including sputum (n = 132, gastric fluid (n = 50, CSF (n = 32 and pleural fluid (n = 3 collected from 96 children with suspected TB, were tested by smear, MODS and MGIT. When test results were aggregated by patient, the sensitivity and specificity of smear, MGIT and MODS against "clinical diagnosis" (confirmed and probable groups as the gold standard were 28.2% and 100%, 42.3% and 100%, 39.7% and 94.4%, respectively. The sensitivity of MGIT and MODS was not significantly different in this analysis (P = 0.5, but MGIT was more sensitive than MODS when analysed on the sample level using a marginal model (P = 0.03. The median time to detection of MODS and MGIT were 8 days and 13 days, respectively, and the time to detection was significantly shorter for MODS in samples where both tests were positive (P<0.001. An analysis of time-dependent sensitivity showed that the detection rates were significantly higher for MODS than for MGIT by day 7 or day 14 (P<0.001 and P = 0.04, respectively. MODS is a rapid and sensitive alternative method for the isolation of M.tuberculosis from children.

Progress on MOD/RABiTSTM 2G HTS wire

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Rupich, M.W.; Zhang, W.; Li, X.; Kodenkandath, T.; Verebelyi, D.T.; Schoop, U.; Thieme, C.; Teplitsky, M.; Lynch, J.; Nguyen, N.; Siegal, E.; Scudiere, J.; Maroni, V.; Venkataraman, K.; Miller, D.; Holesinger, T.G.

2004-01-01

The development of the second generation (2G) high temperature superconducting wire has advanced beyond initial laboratory demonstrations and is now focused on developing and testing high critical current conductor designs required for commercial applications. The approach pursued at American Superconductor for 2G wire manufacturing is based on the combination of the RABiTS TM substrate-buffer technology with metal organic deposition (MOD) of the YBCO layer. This MOD/RABiTS TM approach has been demonstrated in 10 m lengths with critical currents of up to 184 A/cm-width (∼2.3 MA/cm 2 ) and in short length with critical currents of up to 270 A/cm-width (∼3.4 MA/cm 2 ). In addition to a high critical current, the superconducting wire must also meet stringent mechanical and electrical stability requirements that vary by application. Commercially viable architectures designed to meet these specifications have been fabricated and tested. Wires manufactured by this process have been successfully tested in prototype cable and coil applications

ModFOLD6: an accurate web server for the global and local quality estimation of 3D protein models.

Science.gov (United States)

Maghrabi, Ali H A; McGuffin, Liam J

2017-07-03

Methods that reliably estimate the likely similarity between the predicted and native structures of proteins have become essential for driving the acceptance and adoption of three-dimensional protein models by life scientists. ModFOLD6 is the latest version of our leading resource for Estimates of Model Accuracy (EMA), which uses a pioneering hybrid quasi-single model approach. The ModFOLD6 server integrates scores from three pure-single model methods and three quasi-single model methods using a neural network to estimate local quality scores. Additionally, the server provides three options for producing global score estimates, depending on the requirements of the user: (i) ModFOLD6_rank, which is optimized for ranking/selection, (ii) ModFOLD6_cor, which is optimized for correlations of predicted and observed scores and (iii) ModFOLD6 global for balanced performance. The ModFOLD6 methods rank among the top few for EMA, according to independent blind testing by the CASP12 assessors. The ModFOLD6 server is also continuously automatically evaluated as part of the CAMEO project, where significant performance gains have been observed compared to our previous server and other publicly available servers. The ModFOLD6 server is freely available at: http://www.reading.ac.uk/bioinf/ModFOLD/. © The Author(s) 2017. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Nucleic Acids Research.

MOD-AGE - an algorithm for age-depth model construction; U-series dated speleothems case study

Science.gov (United States)

Hercman, H.; Pawlak, J.

2012-04-01

We present MOD-AGE - a new system for chronology construction. MOD-AGE can be used for profiles that have been dated by different methods. As input data, the system uses the following basic measurements: activities, atomic ratios or age, as well as depth measurement. Based on probability distributions describing the measurement results, MOD-AGE estimates the age~depth relation and its confidence bands. To avoid the use of difficult-to-meet assumptions, MOD-AGE uses nonparametric methods. We applied a Monte Carlo simulation to model age and depth values based on the real distribution of counted data (activities, atomic ratios, depths etc.). Several fitting methods could be applied for estimating the relationships; based on several tests, we decide to use LOESS method (locally weighted scatterplot smoothing). The stratigraphic correction procedure applied in the MOD-AGE program uses a probability calculus, which assumes that the ages of all the samples are correctly estimated. Information about the probability distribution of the samples' ages is used to estimate the most probable sequence that is concordant according to the superposition rule. MOD-AGE is presented as a tool for the chronology construction of speleothems that have been analyzed by the U-series method, and it is compared to the StalAge algorithm presented by D. Scholtz and D.L Hoffmann (2011). Scholtz, D., Hoffmann, D. L., 2011. StalAge - An algorithm designed for construction of speleothem age models. Quaternary Geochronology 6, 369-382.

Vortex pinning landscape in MOD-TFA YBCO nanostroctured films

Science.gov (United States)

Gutierrez, J.; Puig, T.; Pomar, A.; Obradors, X.

2008-03-01

A methodology of general validity to study vortex pinning in YBCO based on Jc transport measurements is described. It permits to identify, separate and quantify three basic vortex pinning contributions associated to anisotropic-strong, isotropic-strong and isotropic-weak pinning centers. Thereof, the corresponding vortex pinning phase diagrams are built up. This methodology is applied to the new solution-derived YBCO nanostructured films, including controlled interfacial pinning by the growth of nanostructured templates by means of self-assembled processes [1] and YBCO-BaZrO3 nanocomposites prepared by modified solution precursors. The application of the methodology and comparison with a standard solution-derived YBCO film [2], enables us to identify the nature and the effect of the additional pinning centers induced. The nanostructured templates films show c-axis pinning strongly increased, controlling most of the pinning phase diagram. On the other hand, the nanocomposites have achieved so far, the highest pinning properties in HTc-superconductors [3], being the isotropic-strong defects contribution the origin of their unique properties. [1] M. Gibert et al, Adv. Mat. vol 19, p. 3937 (2007) [2] Puig.T et al, SuST EUCAS 2007 (to be published) [3] J. Gutierrez et al, Nat. Mat. vol. 6, p. 367 (2007) * Work supported by HIPERCHEM, NANOARTIS and MAT2005-02047

Increase of mitochondrial DNA content and transcripts in early bovine embryogenesis associated with upregulation of mtTFA and NRF1 transcription factors

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Heyman Yvan

2005-11-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background Recent work has shown that mitochondrial biogenesis and mitochondrial functions are critical determinants of embryonic development. However, the expression of the factors controlling mitochondrial biogenesis in early embryogenesis has received little attention so far. Methods We used real-time quantitative PCR to quantify mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA in bovine oocytes and in various stages of in vitro produced embryos. To investigate the molecular mechanisms responsible for the replication and the transcriptional activation of mtDNA, we quantified the mRNA corresponding to the mtDNA-encoded cytochrome oxidase 1 (COX1, and two nuclear-encoded factors, i.e. the Nuclear Respiratory Factor 1 (NRF1, and the nuclear-encoded Mitochondrial Transcription Factor A (mtTFA. Results Unlike findings reported in mouse embryos, the mtDNA content was not constant during early bovine embryogenesis. We found a sharp, 60% decrease in mtDNA content between the 2-cell and the 4/8-cell stages. COX1 mRNA was constant until the morula stage after which it increased dramatically. mtTFA mRNA was undetectable in oocytes and remained so until the 8/16-cell stage; it began to appear only at the morula stage, suggesting de novo synthesis. In contrast, NRF1 mRNA was detectable in oocytes and the quantity remained constant until the morula stage. Conclusion Our results revealed a reduction of mtDNA content in early bovine embryos suggesting an active process of mitochondrial DNA degradation. In addition, de novo mtTFA expression associated with mitochondrial biogenesis activation and high levels of NRF1 mRNA from the oocyte stage onwards argue for the essential function of these factors during the first steps of bovine embryogenesis.

Structural and superconducting characteristics of YBa2Cu3O7 films grown by fluorine-free metal-organic deposition route

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Zhao, Yue; Chu, Jingyuan; Qureishy, Thomas

2018-01-01

Microstructure and superconducting performance of YBa2Cu3O7 (YBCO) films deposited on LaAlO3 single crystal (LAO) substrates by a fluorine-free metal-organic deposition (FF-MOD) technique, have been studied by means of X-ray reciprocal space mapping (RSM), cross-sectional transmission electron mi...... external magnetic field at 77 K. This work offers an in-depth insight into the correlation between the microstructure and superconductivity in the MOD YBCO films.......Microstructure and superconducting performance of YBa2Cu3O7 (YBCO) films deposited on LaAlO3 single crystal (LAO) substrates by a fluorine-free metal-organic deposition (FF-MOD) technique, have been studied by means of X-ray reciprocal space mapping (RSM), cross-sectional transmission electron....... It is suggested that associated partial dislocations formed at the boundary between the stacking faults and YBCO matrix act as strong linear (or dot) pinning centers. These structural characteristics are well in line with the better superconducting performance of the low fluorine-MOD film, in particular under...

RELAP5/MOD2 code assessment for the Semiscale Mod-2C Test S-LH-1

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Fineman, C.P.

1986-01-01

RELAP5/MOD2, Cycle 36.02, was assessed using data from Semiscale Mod-2C experiment S-LH-1. The major phenomena that occurred during the experiment were calculated by RELAP5/MOD2, although the duration and the magnitude of their effect on the transient were not always well calculated. Areas defined where further work was needed to improve the RELAP5 calculation include: (1) the system energy balance, (2) core interfacial drag, and 3) the heat transfer logic rod dryout criterion

R-HyMOD: an R-package for the hydrological model HyMOD

Science.gov (United States)

Baratti, Emanuele; Montanari, Alberto

2015-04-01

A software code for the implementation of the HyMOD hydrological model [1] is presented. HyMOD is a conceptual lumped rainfall-runoff model that is based on the probability-distributed soil storage capacity principle introduced by R. J. Moore 1985 [2]. The general idea behind this model is to describe the spatial variability of some process parameters as, for instance, the soil structure or the water storage capacities, through probability distribution functions. In HyMOD, the rainfall-runoff process is represented through a nonlinear tank connected with three identical linear tanks in parallel representing the surface flow and a slow-flow tank representing groundwater flow. The model requires the optimization of five parameters: Cmax (the maximum storage capacity within the watershed), β (the degree of spatial variability of the soil moisture capacity within the watershed), α (a factor for partitioning the flow between two series of tanks) and the two residence time parameters of quick-flow and slow-flow tanks, kquick and kslow respectively. Given its relatively simplicity but robustness, the model is widely used in the literature. The input data consist of precipitation and potential evapotranspiration at the given time scale. The R-HyMOD package is composed by a 'canonical' R-function of HyMOD and a fast FORTRAN implementation. The first one can be easily modified and can be used, for instance, for educational purposes; the second part combines the R user friendly interface with a fast processing unit. [1] Boyle D.P. (2000), Multicriteria calibration of hydrological models, Ph.D. dissertation, Dep. of Hydrol. and Water Resour., Univ of Arizona, Tucson. [2] Moore, R.J., (1985), The probability-distributed principle and runoff production at point and basin scale, Hydrol. Sci. J., 30(2), 273-297.

Enhancement of critical current density of YBa2Cu3O7-δ thin films by nanoscale CeO2 pretreatment of substrate surfaces

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Cui, X.M.; Liu, G.Q.; Wang, J.; Huang, Z.C.; Zhao, Y.T.; Tao, B.W.; Li, Y.R.

2007-01-01

YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7-δ (YBCO) films were prepared on single-crystal SrTiO 3 substrates with metal-organic deposition using trifluoroacetates (TFA-MOD). Positive results have been acquired in controlled study to investigate the effects of substrate surface modification on the growth-induced flux-pinning nanostructures in YBCO films. Nanoscale CeO 2 particles were applied to single-crystal SrTiO 3 substrate surfaces using pulsed laser deposition before YBCO precursors coating. Superconducting properties of the YBCO films grown on the controlled CeO 2 -modified substrates have shown substantial improvement in the critical current densities (J c ) at 77 K over those grown on untreated substrates in almost all the field (78% increment at 1 T, 77 K). We think the reason is that the CeO 2 nanoparticles act as pinning centers

Impacts of the Degradation of 2,3,3,3-Tetrafluoropropene into Trifluoroacetic Acid from Its Application in Automobile Air Conditioners in China, the United States, and Europe.

Science.gov (United States)

Wang, Ziyuan; Wang, Yuhang; Li, Jianfeng; Henne, Stephan; Zhang, Boya; Hu, Jianxin; Zhang, Jianbo

2018-03-06

HFO-1234yf (2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene) was proposed as an automobile air conditioner (MAC) refrigerant worldwide. However, its atmospheric degradation product is the highly soluble and phytotoxic trifluoroacetic acid (TFA), which persists in aquatic environments. We used a global three-dimensional chemical transport model to assess the potential environmental effects resulting from complete future conversion of the refrigerant in all MAC to HFO-1234yf in China, the United States, and Europe. The annual mean atmospheric concentrations of HFO-1234yf were 2.62, 2.20, and 2.73 pptv, and the mean deposition rates of TFA were 0.96, 0.45, and 0.52 kg km -2 yr -1 , in three regions. The regional TFA deposition sources mainly came from emissions within the same region. The annual TFA deposition in the North Pole region was lower than the global average and mainly originated from European emissions. A potential doubling in the future HFO-1234yf emissions in China mainly affected the local TFA depositions. The TFA concentrations in rainwater were strongly affected by the regional precipitation rates. North Africa and the Middle East, regions with scant rainfall, had extremely high TFA concentrations. The rainwater concentrations of TFA during individual rain events can exceed the level considered to be safe, indicating substantial potential regional risks from future HFO-1234yf use.

On mod 2 and higher elliptic genera

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Liu Kefeng

1992-01-01

In the first part of this paper, we construct mod 2 elliptic genera on manifolds of dimensions 8k+1, 8k+2 by mod 2 index formulas of Dirac operators. They are given by mod 2 modular forms or mod 2 automorphic functions. We also obtain an integral formula for the mod 2 index of the Dirac operator. As a by-product we find topological obstructions to group actions. In the second part, we construct higher elliptic genera and prove some of their rigidity properties under group actions. In the third part we write down characteristic series for all Witten genera by Jacobi theta-functions. The modular property and transformation formulas of elliptic genera then follow easily. We shall also prove that Krichever's genera, which come from integrable systems, can be written as indices of twisted Dirac operators for SU-manifolds. Some general discussions about elliptic genera are given. (orig.)

Evaluation of MODS Culture in the Diagnosis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Z Aminzadeh

2012-05-01

Full Text Available

Background and Objectives

Culture of M. tuberculosis is the golden standard for the diagnosis of TB which is a much more sensitive test than Smear examination. There is a strong need to use the new assays in order to speed up diagnostic methods. The aim of this research was to determine the evaluation of Microscopic Observation Drug Susceptibility culture in pulmonary tuberculosis in comparison with Ziehl-Neelsen stain and Lowenstein-Jensen culture of sputum.

Methods

The research method was a Cross-sectional (diagnostic test and the technique was observational-interview type. If the patient's history revealed clinical criteria compatible with TB and the infectious specialist’s judgment was that of "TB suspected case, the patient was considered a pulmonary TB suspect. Then, in addition to sputum Ziehl-Neelsen stain and culture for Lowenstein-Jensen, we carried out MODS culture as well.

Results

100 patients (48 male, 52 female with mean age of 52.9 ± 21.83 were evaluated. During sputum examination, 40% were Ziehl-Neelsen stain positive while 30% had positive sputum culture for Mycobacterium Tuberculosis in Lowenstein-Jensen and 47% had positive MODS culture. In comparison with sputum smear and Lowenstein-Jensen culture, MODS had a sensitivity of 82.5% and 86%, specificity of 77% and 70%, positive predictive value of 70% and 55%, negative predictive value of 86% and 92%, respectively.

Conclusion

Preparation and characterization of Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} coating by MOD method on CLF-1 RAFM steel

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Wang, L. [Key Laboratory of Radiation Physics and Technology (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064 (China); Yang, J.J., E-mail: jjyang@scu.edu.cn [Key Laboratory of Radiation Physics and Technology (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064 (China); Feng, Y.J. [Southwestern Institute of Physics, Chengdu 614000 (China); Li, F.Z.; Liao, J.L.; Yang, Y.Y. [Key Laboratory of Radiation Physics and Technology (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064 (China); Feng, K.M. [Southwestern Institute of Physics, Chengdu 614000 (China); Liu, N. [Key Laboratory of Radiation Physics and Technology (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064 (China)

2017-04-15

Metal organic decomposition (MOD) method was proposed to prepare Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} TPB coatings on CLF-1 RAFM steel. A comprehensive characterization of SEM, XPS, and XRD demonstrated the formation of Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} coatings. The effect of the preparation parameters, including annealing temperature T{sub a}, withdrawal speed V{sub w} and immersion time t{sub i} on the microstructure and properties of the coatings was investigated. It showed that amorphous aluminum oxide coating began to transform to γ-Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} at temperature of T{sub a} = 600 °C. The Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} coating with T{sub a} = 700 °C and T{sub b} = 500 °C performed the best crystallization feature. The hardness of the coatings gradually increased with increasing V{sub w}, while the corrosion resistance exhibited a reverse trend. Meanwhile, the nanohardness and corrosion resistance of the coating with t{sub i} = 300 s was improved as compared to the coating with t{sub i} = 0 s. Moreover, the effect of particle size and substrate oxidation on the mechanical property and corrosion resistance of the coatings was discussed. - Highlights: •MOD method was proposed to prepare Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} TPB on CLF-1 RAFM steel. •Effect of preparation parameters on the coating microstructure and properties was studied preliminary. •High quality MOD coating can be developed by multi-baking process.

Sur la modélisation des supraconducteurs : le ``modèle de l'état critique'' de Bean, en trois dimensions

Science.gov (United States)

Bossavit, A.

1993-03-01

Macroscopic modelling of superconductors demands a substitution of some nonlinear behavior law for Ohm's law. For this, a version of Bean's “critical state” model, derived from the setting of a convex functional of the current density field, valid in dimension 3 without any previous assumption about the direction of currents, is proposed. It is shown how two standard three-dimensional finite element methods (“h-formulation” and “e-formulation”), once fitted with this model, can deal with situations were superconductors are present. La modélisation macroscopique des supraconducteurs suppose le remplacement de la loi d'Ohm par une loi de comportement non linéaire adéquate. On présente à cet effet une version du “modèle de Bean”, ou modèle de l'état critique, basée sur la construction d'une certaine fonctionnelle convexe du champ des densités de courant, qui est valable en dimension 3 sans hypothèses préalables sur la direction des courants. On montre comment adapter deux méthodes standards de calcul de courants de Foucault par élérnents finis en trois dimensions (“en h” et “en e”) à la présence de supraconducteurs, en incorporant ce modèle.

ModA and ModB, two ADP-ribosyltransferases encoded by bacteriophage T4: catalytic properties and mutation analysis.

Science.gov (United States)

Tiemann, Bernd; Depping, Reinhard; Gineikiene, Egle; Kaliniene, Laura; Nivinskas, Rimas; Rüger, Wolfgang

2004-11-01

Bacteriophage T4 encodes three ADP-ribosyltransferases, Alt, ModA, and ModB. These enzymes participate in the regulation of the T4 replication cycle by ADP-ribosylating a defined set of host proteins. In order to obtain a better understanding of the phage-host interactions and their consequences for regulating the T4 replication cycle, we studied cloning, overexpression, and characterization of purified ModA and ModB enzymes. Site-directed mutagenesis confirmed that amino acids, as deduced from secondary structure alignments, are indeed decisive for the activity of the enzymes, implying that the transfer reaction follows the Sn1-type reaction scheme proposed for this class of enzymes. In vitro transcription assays performed with Alt- and ModA-modified RNA polymerases demonstrated that the Alt-ribosylated polymerase enhances transcription from T4 early promoters on a T4 DNA template, whereas the transcriptional activity of ModA-modified polymerase, without the participation of T4-encoded auxiliary proteins for middle mode or late transcription, is reduced. The results presented here support the conclusion that ADP-ribosylation of RNA polymerase and of other host proteins allows initial phage-directed mRNA synthesis reactions to escape from host control. In contrast, subsequent modification of the other cellular target proteins limits transcription from phage early genes and participates in redirecting transcription to phage middle and late genes.

Nucleation and growth of copper phthalocyanine aggregates deposited from solution on planar surfaces

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ghani, Fatemeh [Department of Theory & Bio-Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1 Golm, 14476 Potsdam (Germany); Gojzewski, Hubert, E-mail: hubert.gojzewski@put.poznan.pl [Department of Theory & Bio-Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1 Golm, 14476 Potsdam (Germany); Institute of Physics, Poznan University of Technology, Piotrowo 3, 60-965 Poznan (Poland); Riegler, Hans [Department of Theory & Bio-Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1 Golm, 14476 Potsdam (Germany)

2015-10-01

Graphical abstract: - Highlights: • Copper phthalocyanine deposited on planar surfaces by 3 solution process methods. • Aggregate morphology examined for coverage extending over 3 orders of magnitude. • Morphologies vary from small individual domains to mesh-like multilayers. • Nucleation and growth model explains the observed deposit morphologies. - Abstract: Copper phthalocyanine (CuPc) dissolved in trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) is deposited on solid SiO{sub 2} surfaces by solvent evaporation. The deposited CuPc aggregates are investigated by atomic force microscopy (AFM). The CuPc deposits were prepared by spin casting, dip coating, and spray deposition. Depending on the amount of deposited CuPc the aggregate morphology ranges from small individual domains to mesh-like multilayers. Each domain/layer consists of many parallel stacks of CuPc molecules with the square, plate-like molecules piled face-wise within each stack. The parallel stacks are attached sideways (i.e., edgewise attachment molecularly) to the substrate forming “nanoribbons” with uniform thickness of about 1 nm and varying width. The thickness reflects the length of a molecular edge, the width the number of stacks. A nucleation and growth model is presented that explains the observed aggregate and multilayer morphologies as result of the combination of nucleation, transport processes and a consequence of the anisotropic intermolecular interactions due to the shape of the CuPc molecule.

RELAP5/MOD2 code assessment

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Nithianandan, C.K.; Shah, N.H.; Schomaker, R.J.; Miller, F.R.

1985-01-01

Babcock and Wilcox (B and W) has been working with the code developers at EG and G and the US Nuclear Regulatory Commission in assessing the RELAP5/MOD2 computer code for the past year by simulating selected separate-effects tests. The purpose of this assessment has been to evaluate the code for use in MIST (Ref. 2) and OTIS integral system tests simulations and in the prediction of pressurized water reactor transients. B and W evaluated various versions of the code and made recommendations to improve code performance. As a result, the currently released version (cycle 36.1) has been improved considerably over earlier versions. However, further refinements to some of the constitutive models may still be needed to further improve the predictive capability of RELAP5/MOD2. The following versions of the code were evaluated. (1) RELAP/MOD2/Cycle 22 - first released version; (2) YELAP5/Cycle 32 - EG and G test version of RELAP5/MOD2/Cycle 32; (3) RELAP5/MOD2/Cycle 36 - frozen cycle for international code assessment; (4) updates to cycle 36 based on recommendations developed by B and W during the simulation of a Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) pressurizer test; and (5) cycle 36.1 updates received from EG and G

RELAP5/MOD2 code assessment

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Nithianandan, C.K.; Shah, N.H.; Schomaker, R.J.; Miller, F.R.

1985-11-01

Babcock and Wilcox (B and W) has been working with the code developers at EG and G and the US Nuclear Regulatory Commission in assessing the RELAP5/MOD2 computer code for the past year by simulating selected separate-effects tests. The purpose of this assessment has been to evaluate the code for use in MIST (Ref. 2) and OTIS integral system tests simulations and in the prediction of pressurized water reactor transients. B and W evaluated various versions of the code and made recommendations to improve code performance. As a result, the currently released version (cycle 36.1) has been improved considerably over earlier versions. However, further refinements to some of the constitutive models may still be needed to further improve the predictive capability of RELAP5/MOD2. The following versions of the code were evaluated. (1) RELAP/MOD2/Cycle 22 - first released version; (2) YELAP5/Cycle 32 - EG and G test version of RELAP5/MOD2/Cycle 32; (3) RELAP5/MOD2/Cycle 36 - frozen cycle for international code assessment; (4) updates to cycle 36 based on recommendations developed by B and W during the simulation of a Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) pressurizer test; and (5) cycle 36.1 updates received from EG and G.

Compatibility of dip-coated Er2O3 coating by MOD method with liquid Li

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zhang Dongxun; Kondo, Masatoshi; Tanaka, Teruya; Muroga, Takeo; Valentyn, Tsisar

2011-01-01

An electrical insulating ceramic coating on the self-cooled lithium blanket is a promising technology for suppressing MHD pressure drop in the blanket system. Er 2 O 3 is thought to be one of the potential candidate materials for ceramic coatings because of their high electrical resistivity and high compatibility with liquid lithium. In this study, Er 2 O 3 coating was fabricated on the ferritic steels by dip-coating method with MOD (metal organic decomposition) liquid precursor followed by baking in different atmosphere. The coated specimens were immersed at 500 o C in the static liquid lithium to test the compatibility. It was shown that the compatibility of the coating was degraded when Fe 2 O 3 or Fe 3 O 4 was formed as the main composition of the substrate oxidation layer during the baking. On the other hand, thin Cr 2 O 3 layer in the substrate oxidation layer did not influence the stability of Er 2 O 3 coating. Atmosphere controlling for suppressing the substrate oxidation, especially Fe 2 O 3 or Fe 3 O 4 , during the baking is shown to be essential for the compatibility of MOD Er 2 O 3 coating on ferritic steels.

Steady-state simulations of a 30-tube once-through steam generator with the RELAP5/MOD3 and RELAP5/MOD2 computer codes

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hassan, Y.A.; Salim, P.

1991-01-01

This paper reports on a steady-state analysis of a 30-tube once-through steam generator that has been performed on the RELAPS/MOD3 and RELAPS/MOD2 computer codes for 100, 75, and 65% loads. Results obtained are compared with experimental data. The RELAP5/MOD3 results for the test facility generally agree reasonably well with the data for the primary-side temperature profiles. The secondary-side temperature profile predicted by RELAP5/MOD3 at 75 and 65% loads agrees fairly well with the data and is better than the RELAP5/MOD2 results. However, the RELAP5/MOD3 calculated secondary-side temperature profile does not compare well with the 100% load data

Progress on MOD/RABiTS{sup TM} 2G HTS wire

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Rupich, M.W.; Zhang, W.; Li, X.; Kodenkandath, T.; Verebelyi, D.T.; Schoop, U.; Thieme, C.; Teplitsky, M.; Lynch, J.; Nguyen, N.; Siegal, E.; Scudiere, J.; Maroni, V.; Venkataraman, K.; Miller, D.; Holesinger, T.G

2004-10-01

The development of the second generation (2G) high temperature superconducting wire has advanced beyond initial laboratory demonstrations and is now focused on developing and testing high critical current conductor designs required for commercial applications. The approach pursued at American Superconductor for 2G wire manufacturing is based on the combination of the RABiTS{sup TM} substrate-buffer technology with metal organic deposition (MOD) of the YBCO layer. This MOD/RABiTS{sup TM} approach has been demonstrated in 10 m lengths with critical currents of up to 184 A/cm-width ({approx}2.3 MA/cm{sup 2}) and in short length with critical currents of up to 270 A/cm-width ({approx}3.4 MA/cm{sup 2}). In addition to a high critical current, the superconducting wire must also meet stringent mechanical and electrical stability requirements that vary by application. Commercially viable architectures designed to meet these specifications have been fabricated and tested. Wires manufactured by this process have been successfully tested in prototype cable and coil applications.

Cu(OAc)2/TFA-promoted formal [3 + 3] cycloaddition/oxidation of enamines and enones for synthesis of multisubstituted aromatic amines.

Science.gov (United States)

Li, Liang; Zhao, Mi-Na; Ren, Zhi-Hui; Li, Jian-Li; Guan, Zheng-Hui

2012-07-06

New strategies for the oxidative cycloaddition of enones with enamines are developed. These cycloaddition reactions directly afford substituted aromatic amines, which are important in organic chemistry, in moderate to good yield. Cu(OAc)(2)/TFA is shown to be essential to achieve high reaction efficiency.

Post-test analysis of LOBI BT-01 using RELAP5/MOD2 and RELAP5/MOD3

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Holmes, B.J.

1991-08-01

LOBI is a high pressure, electrically heated integral system test facility simulating a KWU 1300 MW PWR scaled 1:712 by volume, although full scale has been maintained in the vertical direction. This report describes the results of an analysis of test BT-01, which simulates a 10% steam line break. The bulk of the analysis was performed using the Project Version of RELAP5/MOD2, with additional calculations using RELAP5/MOD3 for comparison. The codes provided generally good agreement with data. In particular, the break flows were well modelled, although the mass flow data proved to be unreliable, and this conclusion had to be derived from interpreting other signals. RELAP over-predicted primary/secondary heat transfer in the broken loop, however, leading to a more rapid cool-down of the primary circuit. Furthermore, the primary side pressure response was critically dependent upon the pressuriser behaviour, and the correct timing of the uncovery of the surge line. Inter-phase drag was not well predicted in the broken loop steam generator intermals, although some improvement was seen in the RELAP5/MOD3 predictions. MOD3 gave a reduction in primary/secondary heat transfer during the test pre-conditioning phase, resulting in a lower secondary side pressure at the start of the transient compared with MOD2. (author)

Alcator C-MOD final safety analysis

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Fiore, C.L.

1989-06-01

This document is designed to address the safety issues involved with the Alcator C-Mod project. This report will begin with a brief description of the experimental objectives which will be followed by information concerning the site. The Alcator C-Mod experiment is a pulsed fusion experiment in which a plasma formed from small amounts of hydrogen or deuterium gas is confined in a magnetic field for short periods (∼1 s). No radioactive fuels or fissile materials are used in the device, so that no criticality hazard exists and no credible nuclear accident can occur. During deuterium operation, the production of a small number of neutrons from a short pulse could result in a small amount of short- and intermediate-lived radioactive isotopes being produced inside the experimental cell. This report will demonstrate that this does not pose an additional hazard to the general population. The health and safety hazards resulting from Alcator C-Mod occur to the workers on the experiment, each of which is described in its own chapter with the steps taken to minimize the risk to employees. These hazards include fire, chemicals and cryogenics, air quality, electrical, electromagnetic radiation, ionizing radiation, and mechanical and natural phenomena. None of these hazards is unique to the facility, and methods of protection from them are well defined and are discussed in the chapter which describes each hazard. The quality assurance program, critical to ensuring the safety aspects of the program, will also be described

TFA'Expo Exhibition on the next low level radioactive wastes storage center Andra - Aube Center. January - june 2003

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

2003-01-01

In order to inform the public on the nuclear installations, the Andra this document on the next storage Center of the Aube, for the low level radioactive wastes. The six parts present, the wastes characteristics, the wastes management, the choice of the site, the organization of the TFA (very low activity wastes), the environmental impacts and the economical impacts. (A.L.B.)

CORCON-MOD1 modelling improvements

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Corradini, M.L.; Gonzales, F.G.; Vandervort, C.L.

1986-01-01

Given the unlikely occurrence of a severe accident in a light water reactor (LWR), the core may melt and slump into the reactor cavity below the reactor vessel. The interaction of the molten core with exposed concrete (a molten-core-concrete-interaction, MCCI) causes copious gas production which influences further heat transfer and concrete attack and may threaten containment integrity. In this paper the authors focus on the low-temperature phase of the MCCI where the molten pool is partially solidified, but is still capable of attacking concrete. The authors have developed some improved phenomenological models for pool freezing and molten core-coolant heat transfer and have incorporated them into the CORCON-MOD1 computer program. In the paper the authors compare the UW-CORCON/MOD1 calculations to CORCON/MOD2 and WECHSL results as well as the BETA experiments which are being conducted in Germany

TRAC-PF1/MOD2 status and plans

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Spore, J.W.; Steinke, R.G.; Nelson, R.A.; Cappiello, M.W.; Jenks, R.

1989-01-01

The development of the TRAC-PF1/MOD1 code was completed in July 1988 with the release of Version 14.4. A TRAC-PF1/MOD2 code development plan addresses code deficiencies identified in the MOD1 code in order to provide an accurate and defensible tool that can be used to simulate large-break loss-of-coolant accidents (LOCAs), small-break LOCAs, and operational transients. The MOD2 code development plan is an international cooperative effort that includes contributions from Los Alamos National Laboratory, Idaho National Engineering Laboratory (INEL), Japanese Atomic Energy Research Institute (JAERI), Cray Research, Central Electricity Generating Board (CEGB), and United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority (UKAEA)

Preliminary Study of Steam Generator Water Level Tracking by Three Different Methods Using RELAP5/MOD3

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Park, Ki Moon; Lee, Jeong Ik [KAIST, Daejeon (Korea, Republic of)

2016-10-15

It has been identified in the previous works that the tracking of a steam generator (SG) water level is important. However, three different parameters can be used as an indicator of the SG water level. These parameters are: (1) SG downcomer collapsed water level, (2) water mass inventory and (3) pressure differential between upper and low tap of SG. Instead the SG water level is calculated by either SG downcomer collapsed water level or water mass inventory. However, the pressure differential measurement is the most widely used method for estimating the SG water level in the experiment as well as in the industry In this paper, therefore, three events are analyzed to perform sensitivity study of the SG water level calculation with RELAP5/MOD3 and evaluate SG level difference by three parameters. In this paper, three events are analyzed using the system analysis code (RELAP5/MOD3) to check for the consistency among the downcomer collapsed water level, mass inventory and the pressure differential measurement methods. This is to identify the sensitivity of the nuclear power plant accident response when one of the above three parameters is selected as the representative parameter of the steam generator water level. It is confirmed that mass inventory method is not affected by shrinking and swelling effect and the reactor trip time is significantly different among three parameters during TLOFW. In addition, level recovery rate is different when LOMF occurs. Thus, the SG level sensitivity of SG water level tracking method using three parameters has to be further studied not only for the steady-state operation but also for understanding the nuclear power plant response under various transient scenarios.

Conceptual design of the 6 MW Mod-5A wind turbine generator

Science.gov (United States)

Barton, R. S.; Lucas, W. C.

1982-01-01

The General Electric Company, Advanced Energy Programs Department, is designing under DOE/NASA sponsorship the MOD-5A wind turbine system which must generate electricity for 3.75 cent/KWH (1980) or less. During the Conceptual Design Phase, completed in March, 1981, the MOD-5A WTG system size and features were established as a result of tradeoff and optimization studies driven by minimizing the system cost of energy (COE). This led to a 400' rotor diameter size. The MOD-5A system which resulted is defined in this paper along with the operational and environmental factors that drive various portions of the design. Development of weight and cost estimating relationships (WCER's) and their use in optimizing the MOD-5A are discussed. The results of major tradeoff studies are also presented. Subsystem COE contributions for the 100th unit are shown along with the method of computation. Detailed descriptions of the major subsystems are given, in order that the results of the various trade and optimization studies can be more readily visualized.

NetMOD Version 2.0 User?s Manual.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Merchant, Bion J. [Sandia National Lab. (SNL-NM), Albuquerque, NM (United States)

2015-10-01

NetMOD ( Net work M onitoring for O ptimal D etection) is a Java-based software package for conducting simulation of seismic, hydracoustic, and infrasonic networks. Specifically, NetMOD simulates the detection capabilities of monitoring networks. Network simulations have long been used to study network resilience to station outages and to determine where additional stations are needed to reduce monitoring thresholds. NetMOD makes use of geophysical models to determine the source characteristics, signal attenuation along the path between the source and station, and the performance and noise properties of the station. These geophysical models are combined to simulate the relative amplitudes of signal and noise that are observed at each of the stations. From these signal-to-noise ratios (SNR), the probability of detection can be computed given a detection threshold. This manual describes how to configure and operate NetMOD to perform detection simulations. In addition, NetMOD is distributed with simulation datasets for the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organization (CTBTO) International Monitoring System (IMS) seismic, hydroacoustic, and infrasonic networks for the purpose of demonstrating NetMOD's capabilities and providing user training. The tutorial sections of this manual use this dataset when describing how to perform the steps involved when running a simulation. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We would like to thank the reviewers of this document for their contributions.

Comparison of SCDAP/RELAP5/MOD3 to TRAC-PF1/MOD1 for timing analysis of PWR fuel pin failures

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Jones, K.R.; Katsma, K.R.; Wade, N.L.; Siefken, L.J.; Straka, M.

1991-01-01

A comparison has been made of SCDAP/RELAP5/MOD3- and TRAC-PF1/MOD1- based calculations of the fuel pin failure timing (time from containment isolation signal to first fuel pin failure) in a loss-of-coolant accident (LOCA). The two codes were used to calculate the thermal-hydraulic boundary conditions for a complete, double-ended, offset-shear break of a cold leg in a Westinghouse 4-loop pressurized water reactor. Both calculations used the FRAPCON-2 code to calculate the steady-state fuel rod behavior and the FRAP-T6 code to calculate the transient fuel rod behavior. The analysis was performed for 16 combinations of fuel burnups and power peaking factors extending up to the Technical Specifications limits. While all calculations were made on a best-estimate basis, the SCDAP/RELAP5/MOD3 code has not yet been fully assessed for large-break LOCA analysis. The results indicate that SCDAP/RELAP5/MOD3 yields conservative fuel pin failure timing results in comparison to those generated using TRAC-PF1/MOD1. 7 refs., 5 figs

Superconducting Dy1-x(Gd,Yb)xBa2Cu3O7-δ thin films made by Chemical Solution Deposition

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Opata, Yuri Aparecido; Wulff, Anders Christian; Hansen, Jørn Otto Bindslev

2016-01-01

Dy1-x(Gd or Yb)xBa2Cu3O7-δ samples were prepared using chemical solution deposition (CSD), based on trifluoroacetate metal-organic decomposition (MOD) methods. X-ray diffraction results demonstrated the formation of the RE123 superconducting phase with a strong in-plane and out-of-plane texture. c...

Alcator C-MOD proposal addendum

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bonoli, P.; Greenwald, M.; Gwinn, D.

1986-04-01

Since the design concept and overall purpose of the Alcator C-MOD device are similar to that proposed in October 1985, we have chosen in this document only to highlight areas where changes or additions have been made. Chapters in the Addendum correspond to those in the Proposal, except Chapter 9 which describes a number of toroidal improvement concepts which are being considered for inclusion in the Alcator C-MOD experimental program. A description of the redesign and a discussion of the objectives of the experimental program are given

A new formulation of the law of octic reciprocity for primes ≡±3(mod8 and its consequences

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Richard H. Hudson

1982-01-01

Full Text Available Let p and q be odd primes with q≡±3(mod8, p≡1(mod8=a2+b2=c2+d2 and with the signs of a and c chosen so that a≡c≡1(mod4. In this paper we show step-by-step how to easily obtain for large q necessary and sufficient criteria to have (−1(q−1/2q(p−1/8≡(a−bd/acj(modp for j=1,…,8 (the cases with j odd have been treated only recently [3] in connection with the sign ambiguity in Jacobsthal sums of order 4. This is accomplished by breaking the formula of A.E. Western into three distinct parts involving two polynomials and a Legendre symbol; the latter condition restricts the validity of the method presented in section 2 to primes q≡3(mod8 and significant modification is needed to obtain similar results for q≡±1(mod8. Only recently the author has completely resolved the case q≡5(mod8, j=1,…,8 and a sketch of the method appears in the closing section of this paper.

Apo and ligand-bound structures of ModA from the archaeon Methanosarcina acetivorans

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Chan, Sum; Giuroiu, Iulia; Chernishof, Irina; Sawaya, Michael R.; Chiang, Janet; Gunsalus, Robert P.; Arbing, Mark A.; Perry, L. Jeanne

2010-01-01

Crystal structures of ModA from M. acetivorans in the apo and ligand-bound conformations confirm domain rotation upon ligand binding. The trace-element oxyanion molybdate, which is required for the growth of many bacterial and archaeal species, is transported into the cell by an ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter superfamily uptake system called ModABC. ModABC consists of the ModA periplasmic solute-binding protein, the integral membrane-transport protein ModB and the ATP-binding and hydrolysis cassette protein ModC. In this study, X-ray crystal structures of ModA from the archaeon Methanosarcina acetivorans (MaModA) have been determined in the apoprotein conformation at 1.95 and 1.69 Å resolution and in the molybdate-bound conformation at 2.25 and 2.45 Å resolution. The overall domain structure of MaModA is similar to other ModA proteins in that it has a bilobal structure in which two mixed α/β domains are linked by a hinge region. The apo MaModA is the first unliganded archaeal ModA structure to be determined: it exhibits a deep cleft between the two domains and confirms that upon binding ligand one domain is rotated towards the other by a hinge-bending motion, which is consistent with the ‘Venus flytrap’ model seen for bacterial-type periplasmic binding proteins. In contrast to the bacterial ModA structures, which have tetrahedral coordination of their metal substrates, molybdate-bound MaModA employs octahedral coordination of its substrate like other archaeal ModA proteins

Physician-initiated courtesy MODS testing for TB and MDR-TB diagnosis and patient management.

Science.gov (United States)

Nic Fhogartaigh, C J; Vargas-Prada, S; Huancaré, V; Lopez, S; Rodríguez, J; Moore, D A J

2008-05-01

Laboratorio de Investigación de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia (UPCH) and government health centres, Lima, Peru. To evaluate the contribution of unselected (courtesy) microscopic observation drug susceptibility (MODS) testing to the diagnosis and/or drug susceptibility testing (DST) of tuberculosis and their subsequent impact upon patient management. Retrospective database analysis and case note review of MODS culture-positive cases. Mycobacterium tuberculosis was isolated in 28.9% of 225 samples (209 patients); 22.2% of 63 positive cases were multidrug-resistant. In 58 MODS culture-positive cases with follow-up data available, MODS provided culture confirmation of diagnosis, DST or both in 82.8%, before any standard method. In 41.4%, this result should have prompted a modification in patient management. Delays between laboratory result and initiation or change of treatment, where applicable, took on average 42 and 64 days, respectively, of which a delay of respectively 17 and 48 days occurred after the receipt of results by the health facility. MODS provides important data for clinical management within a meaningful timeframe and should contribute positively to patient outcomes due to earlier initiation of appropriate therapy. Although clinicians may successfully select patients likely to benefit from MODS, ongoing work is required to identify optimal implementation of the assay and to reduce logistical and health system derived delays.

Bascule d'un modèle poutre à un modèle 3D en dynamique des machines tournantes

OpenAIRE

Tannous , Mikhael; Cartraud , Patrice; Dureisseix , David; Torkhani , Mohamed

2013-01-01

National audience; Les problèmes de machines tournantes incluant un contact rotor-stator, nécessitent un maillage 3D de la zone de contact. Cependant, un modèle 3D pour toute la durée de simulation conduit à des temps de calcul rédhibitoires. Or un modèle poutre est suffisant pour décrire la dynamique de la machine tournante hors contact. Une stratégie qui permet d'utiliser un modèle poutre et un autre 3D, pendant deux phases différentes durant la même simulation, permet donc de gagner en tem...

Apo and ligand-bound structures of ModA from the archaeon Methanosarcina acetivorans.

Science.gov (United States)

Chan, Sum; Giuroiu, Iulia; Chernishof, Irina; Sawaya, Michael R; Chiang, Janet; Gunsalus, Robert P; Arbing, Mark A; Perry, L Jeanne

2010-03-01

The trace-element oxyanion molybdate, which is required for the growth of many bacterial and archaeal species, is transported into the cell by an ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter superfamily uptake system called ModABC. ModABC consists of the ModA periplasmic solute-binding protein, the integral membrane-transport protein ModB and the ATP-binding and hydrolysis cassette protein ModC. In this study, X-ray crystal structures of ModA from the archaeon Methanosarcina acetivorans (MaModA) have been determined in the apoprotein conformation at 1.95 and 1.69 A resolution and in the molybdate-bound conformation at 2.25 and 2.45 A resolution. The overall domain structure of MaModA is similar to other ModA proteins in that it has a bilobal structure in which two mixed alpha/beta domains are linked by a hinge region. The apo MaModA is the first unliganded archaeal ModA structure to be determined: it exhibits a deep cleft between the two domains and confirms that upon binding ligand one domain is rotated towards the other by a hinge-bending motion, which is consistent with the 'Venus flytrap' model seen for bacterial-type periplasmic binding proteins. In contrast to the bacterial ModA structures, which have tetrahedral coordination of their metal substrates, molybdate-bound MaModA employs octahedral coordination of its substrate like other archaeal ModA proteins.

RELAP5/MOD2 development

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Miller, C.S.

1986-01-01

Status of the RELAP5/MOD2 computer code is discussed. While the code is undergoing international assessment, emphasis is on user support and code maintenance with modifications allowed only for error correction and user convenience improvements. User support discussed is the response to user inquiries, maintenance of manuals and the implementation of a PC based newletter service. The major 1986 user convenience improvement is the self-initialization option. The method is discussed and examples for PWR ''U tube'' and ''once through'' plants are illustrated. Future plans are also outlined

RELAP5/MOD2 development

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Miller, C.S.

1987-01-01

Status of the RELAP5/MOD2 computer code is discussed. While the code is undergoing international assessment, emphasis is on user support and code maintenance with modifications allowed only for error correction and user convenience improvements. User support discussed is the response to user inquiries, maintenance of manuals and the implementation of a PC based newsletter service. The major 1986 user convenience improvement is the self-initialization option. The method is discussed and examples for PWR U tube and once through plants are illustrated. Future plans are also outlined

Chromate Binding and Removal by the Molybdate-Binding Protein ModA.

Science.gov (United States)

Karpus, Jason; Bosscher, Michael; Ajiboye, Ifedayo; Zhang, Liang; He, Chuan

2017-04-04

Effective and cheap methods and techniques for the safe removal of hexavalent chromate from the environment are in increasingly high demand. High concentrations of hexavalent chromate have been shown to have numerous harmful effects on human biology. We show that the E. coli molybdate-binding protein ModA is a genetically encoded tool capable of removing chromate from aqueous solutions. Although previously reported to not bind chromate, we show that ModA binds chromate tightly and is capable of removing chromate to levels well below current US federal standards. © 2017 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

An Optimization Scheme for ProdMod

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gregory, M.V.

1999-01-01

A general purpose dynamic optimization scheme has been devised in conjunction with the ProdMod simulator. The optimization scheme is suitable for the Savannah River Site (SRS) High Level Waste (HLW) complex operations, and able to handle different types of optimizations such as linear, nonlinear, etc. The optimization is performed in the stand-alone FORTRAN based optimization deliver, while the optimizer is interfaced with the ProdMod simulator for flow of information between the two

Observation- and model-based estimates of particulate dry nitrogen deposition to the oceans

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

A. R. Baker

2017-07-01

Full Text Available Anthropogenic nitrogen (N emissions to the atmosphere have increased significantly the deposition of nitrate (NO3− and ammonium (NH4+ to the surface waters of the open ocean, with potential impacts on marine productivity and the global carbon cycle. Global-scale understanding of the impacts of N deposition to the oceans is reliant on our ability to produce and validate models of nitrogen emission, atmospheric chemistry, transport and deposition. In this work,  ∼  2900 observations of aerosol NO3− and NH4+ concentrations, acquired from sampling aboard ships in the period 1995–2012, are used to assess the performance of modelled N concentration and deposition fields over the remote ocean. Three ocean regions (the eastern tropical North Atlantic, the northern Indian Ocean and northwest Pacific were selected, in which the density and distribution of observational data were considered sufficient to provide effective comparison to model products. All of these study regions are affected by transport and deposition of mineral dust, which alters the deposition of N, due to uptake of nitrogen oxides (NOx on mineral surfaces. Assessment of the impacts of atmospheric N deposition on the ocean requires atmospheric chemical transport models to report deposition fluxes; however, these fluxes cannot be measured over the ocean. Modelling studies such as the Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate Model Intercomparison Project (ACCMIP, which only report deposition flux, are therefore very difficult to validate for dry deposition. Here, the available observational data were averaged over a 5° × 5° grid and compared to ACCMIP dry deposition fluxes (ModDep of oxidised N (NOy and reduced N (NHx and to the following parameters from the Tracer Model 4 of the Environmental Chemical Processes Laboratory (TM4: ModDep for NOy, NHx and particulate NO3− and NH4+, and surface-level particulate NO3− and NH4+ concentrations. As a model ensemble, ACCMIP can be

Conceptual design of the 7 megawatt Mod-5B wind turbine generator

Science.gov (United States)

Douglas, R. R.

1982-01-01

Similar to MOD-2, the MOD-5B wind turbine generator system is designed for the sole purpose of providing electrical power for distribution by a major utility network. The objectives of the MOD-2 and MOD-5B programs are essentially identical with one important exception; the cost-of-electricity (COE) target is reduced from 4 cent/Kwhr on MOD-2 to 3 cent/Kwhr on MOD-5B, based on mid 1977 dollars and large quantity production. The MOD-5B concept studies and eventual concept selection confirmed that the program COE targets could not only be achieved but substantially bettered. Starting from the established MOD-2 technology as a base, this achievement resulted from a combination of concept changes, size changes, and design refinements. The result of this effort is a wind turbine system that can compete with conventional power generation over significant geographical areas, increasing commercial market potential by an order of magnitude.

Flux pinning characteristics of Sn-doped YBCO film by the MOD process

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Choi, S.M.; Shin, G.M.; Yoo, S.I.

2013-01-01

Highlights: ► The pinning effects of undoped and Sn-doped YBCO films by MOD were characterized. ► Sn-containing nanoparticles were trapped in Sn-doped YBCO films by MOD. ► Sn-containing nanoparticles were identified as the YBa 2 SnO 5.5 (YBSO) phase by TEM. ► The YBSO nanoparticles are responsible for improved flux pinning effect. ► We report the orientation relationship between YBSO nanoparticles and YBCO matrix. -- Abstract: Compared with the undoped YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7−δ (YBCO) film, 10 mol% Sn-doped YBCO film exhibited significantly enhanced critical current densities (J c ) in magnetic fields up to 5 T at 65 and 77 K for H//c, indicating that the Sn-doped YBCO film possesses more effective flux pinning centers. Both samples were grown on the SrTiO 3 (STO) (1 0 0) single crystal substrates by the metal-organic deposition (MOD) process. Larger J c (77 K, 1 T) values of Sn-doped YBCO film are observed over a wide field-orientation angle (θ) except the field-orientations close to the ab-plane of YBCO (85° c values for 85° 2 SnO 5.5 (YBSO) phase by STEM (scanning transmission electron microscopy)-EDS (energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy) analysis. Further analyses by HR-TEM (high resolution-transmission electron microscopy) revealed that YBSO nanoparticles completely surrounded by the YBCO matrix had random orientation with YBCO while those located at the interface of YBCO/STO substrate had epitaxial relationship with YBCO

NetMOD version 1.0 user's manual

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Merchant, Bion John [Sandia National Lab. (SNL-NM), Albuquerque, NM (United States)

2014-01-01

NetMOD (Network Monitoring for Optimal Detection) is a Java-based software package for conducting simulation of seismic networks. Specifically, NetMOD simulates the detection capabilities of seismic monitoring networks. Network simulations have long been used to study network resilience to station outages and to determine where additional stations are needed to reduce monitoring thresholds. NetMOD makes use of geophysical models to determine the source characteristics, signal attenuation along the path between the source and station, and the performance and noise properties of the station. These geophysical models are combined to simulate the relative amplitudes of signal and noise that are observed at each of the stations. From these signal-to-noise ratios (SNR), the probability of detection can be computed given a detection threshold. This manual describes how to configure and operate NetMOD to perform seismic detection simulations. In addition, NetMOD is distributed with a simulation dataset for the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organization (CTBTO) International Monitoring System (IMS) seismic network for the purpose of demonstrating NetMOD's capabilities and providing user training. The tutorial sections of this manual use this dataset when describing how to perform the steps involved when running a simulation.

MOD silver metallization for photovoltaics

Science.gov (United States)

Vest, G. M.; Vest, R. W.

1984-01-01

The development of flat plate solar arrays is reported. Photovoltaic cells require back side metallization and a collector grid system on the front surface. Metallo-organic decomposition (MOD) silver films can eliminate most of the present problems with silver conductors. The objectives are to: (1) identify and characterize suitable MO compounds; (2) develop generic synthesis procedures for the MO compounds; (3) develop generic fabrication procedures to screen printable MOD silver inks; (4) optimize processing conditions to produce grid patterns and photovoltaic cells; and (5) develop a model which describes the adhesion between the fired silver film and the silicon surface.

TFA'Expo Exhibition on the next low level radioactive wastes storage center Andra - Aube Center. January - june 2003; TFA'Expo exposition sur le futur Centre de stockage de dechets de tres faible activite Andra - Centre de l'Aube. Janvier - Juin 2003

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2003-07-01

In order to inform the public on the nuclear installations, the Andra this document on the next storage Center of the Aube, for the low level radioactive wastes. The six parts present, the wastes characteristics, the wastes management, the choice of the site, the organization of the TFA (very low activity wastes), the environmental impacts and the economical impacts. (A.L.B.)

NetMOD Version 2.0 Parameters

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Merchant, Bion J. [Sandia National Lab. (SNL-NM), Albuquerque, NM (United States)

2015-08-01

NetMOD ( Net work M onitoring for O ptimal D etection) is a Java-based software package for conducting simulation of seismic, hydroacoustic and infrasonic networks. Network simulations have long been used to study network resilience to station outages and to determine where additional stations are needed to reduce monitoring thresholds. NetMOD makes use of geophysical models to determine the source characteristics, signal attenuation along the path between the source and station, and the performance and noise properties of the station. These geophysical models are combined to simulate the relative amplitudes of signal and noise that are observed at each of the stations. From these signal-to-noise ratios (SNR), the probability of detection can be computed given a detection threshold. This document describes the parameters that are used to configure the NetMOD tool and the input and output parameters that make up the simulation definitions.

Determination of trifluoroacetic acid in 1996--1997 precipitation and surface waters in California and Nevada

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Wujcik, C.E.; Cahill, T.M.; Seiber, J.N. [Univ. of Nevada, Reno, NV (United States)

1999-05-15

The atmospheric degradation of three chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) replacement compounds, namely HFC-134a, HCFC-123, and HCFC-124, results in the formation of trifluoroacetic acid (TFA). Concentrations of TFA were determined in precipitation and surface water samples collected in California and Nevada during 1996--1997. Terminal lake systems were found to have concentrations 4--13 times higher than their calculated yearly inputs, providing evidence for accumulation. The results support dry deposition as the primary contributor of TFA to surface waters in arid and semiarid environments. Precipitation samples obtained from three different locations contained 20.7--1530 ng/L with significantly higher concentrations in fogwater over rainwater. Elevated levels of TFA were observed for rainwater collected in Nevada over those collected in California, indicating continual uptake and concentration as clouds move from a semiarid to arid climate. Thus several mechanisms exist, including evaporative concentration, vapor-liquid phase partitioning, lowered washout volumes of atmospheric deposition water, and dry deposition, which may lead to elevated concentrations of TFA in atmospheric and surface waters above levels expected from usual rainfall washout.

RELAP5/MOD3 code coupling model

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Martin, R.P.; Johnsen, G.W.

1994-01-01

A new capability has been incorporated into RELAP5/MOD3 that enables the coupling of RELAP5/MOD3 to other computer codes. The new capability has been designed to support analysis of the new advanced reactor concepts. Its user features rely solely on new RELAP5 open-quotes styledclose quotes input and the Parallel Virtual Machine (PVM) software, which facilitates process management and distributed communication of multiprocess problems. RELAP5/MOD3 manages the input processing, communication instruction, process synchronization, and its own send and receive data processing. The flexible capability requires that an explicit coupling be established, which updates boundary conditions at discrete time intervals. Two test cases are presented that demonstrate the functionality, applicability, and issues involving use of this capability

Implementation of PWR steady state self-initialization feature into RELAP4/MOD6/U4/J3

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Yoshida, Kazuo

1987-07-01

A PWR steady state self-initialization feature has been implemented into the RELAP4/MOD6/U4/J3 code which is an improved version of RELAP4/MOD6 and can analyze not only large break but also small break LOCA in LWRs. This feature is originated from RELAP4/MOD7 which is the most updated released version of RELAP4 from INEL. Several FORTRAN subroutines in MOD7 related to this feature were transplanted into MOD6/U4/J3 with some improvements, which were the modification of method to take a balance of heat transfer between primary and secondary side at SG-U tubes, and to make it possible to nodalize secondary side of SG as multi-node. Advantages realized by implementation of this option are saving of time in initializaing a new model and an assurance of steady state and self consistency of input data in a small break LOCA analysis of a PWR. (author)

Evaluating the Auto-MODS Assay, a Novel Tool for Tuberculosis Diagnosis for Use in Resource-Limited Settings

Science.gov (United States)

Wang, Linwei; Mohammad, Sohaib H.; Li, Qiaozhi; Rienthong, Somsak; Rienthong, Dhanida; Nedsuwan, Supalert; Mahasirimongkol, Surakameth; Yasui, Yutaka

2014-01-01

There is an urgent need for simple, rapid, and affordable diagnostic tests for tuberculosis (TB) to combat the great burden of the disease in developing countries. The microscopic observation drug susceptibility assay (MODS) is a promising tool to fill this need, but it is not widely used due to concerns regarding its biosafety and efficiency. This study evaluated the automated MODS (Auto-MODS), which operates on principles similar to those of MODS but with several key modifications, making it an appealing alternative to MODS in resource-limited settings. In the operational setting of Chiang Rai, Thailand, we compared the performance of Auto-MODS with the gold standard liquid culture method in Thailand, mycobacterial growth indicator tube (MGIT) 960 plus the SD Bioline TB Ag MPT64 test, in terms of accuracy and efficiency in differentiating TB and non-TB samples as well as distinguishing TB and multidrug-resistant (MDR) TB samples. Sputum samples from clinically diagnosed TB and non-TB subjects across 17 hospitals in Chiang Rai were consecutively collected from May 2011 to September 2012. A total of 360 samples were available for evaluation, of which 221 (61.4%) were positive and 139 (38.6%) were negative for mycobacterial cultures according to MGIT 960. Of the 221 true-positive samples, Auto-MODS identified 212 as positive and 9 as negative (sensitivity, 95.9%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 92.4% to 98.1%). Of the 139 true-negative samples, Auto-MODS identified 135 as negative and 4 as positive (specificity, 97.1%; 95% CI, 92.8% to 99.2%). The median time to culture positivity was 10 days, with an interquartile range of 8 to 13 days for Auto-MODS. Auto-MODS is an effective and cost-sensitive alternative diagnostic tool for TB diagnosis in resource-limited settings. PMID:25378569

Advance in research on aerosol deposition simulation methods

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Liu Keyang; Li Jingsong

2011-01-01

A comprehensive analysis of the health effects of inhaled toxic aerosols requires exact data on airway deposition. A knowledge of the effect of inhaled drugs is essential to the optimization of aerosol drug delivery. Sophisticated analytical deposition models can be used for the computation of total, regional and generation specific deposition efficiencies. The continuously enhancing computer seem to allow us to study the particle transport and deposition in more and more realistic airway geometries with the help of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation method. In this article, the trends in aerosol deposition models and lung models, and the methods for achievement of deposition simulations are also reviewed. (authors)

Properties of the periplasmic ModA molybdate-binding protein of Escherichia coli.

Science.gov (United States)

Rech, S; Wolin, C; Gunsalus, R P

1996-02-02

The modABCD operon, located at 17 min on the Escherichia coli chromosome, encodes the protein components of a high affinity molybdate uptake system. Sequence analysis of the modA gene (GenBank L34009) predicts that it encodes a periplasmic binding protein based on the presence of a leader-like sequence at its N terminus. To examine the properties of the ModA protein, the modA structural gene was overexpressed, and its product was purified. The ModA protein was localized to the periplasmic space of the cell, and it was released following a gentle osmotic shock. The N-terminal sequence of ModA confirmed that a leader region of 24 amino acids was removed upon export from the cell. The apparent size of ModA is 31.6 kDa as determined by gel sieve chromatography, whereas it is 22.5 kDa when examined by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. A ligand-dependent protein mobility shift assay was devised using a native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis protocol to examine binding of molybdate and other anions to the ModA periplasmic protein. Whereas molybdate and tungstate were bound with high affinity (approximately 5 microM), sulfate, chromate, selenate, phosphate, and chlorate did not bind even when tested at 2 mM. A UV spectral assay revealed apparent Kd values of binding for molybdate and tungstate of 3 and 7 microM, respectively. Strains defective in the modA gene were unable to transport molybdate unless high levels of the anion were supplied in the medium. Therefore the modA gene product is essential for high affinity molybdate uptake by the cell. Tungstate interference of molybdate acquisition by the cell is apparently due in part to the high affinity of the ModA protein for this anion.

High-J_c YBa₂Cu₃O_7-x-Ag superconducting thin films synthesized through a fluorine-free MOD method

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Tang, Xiao; Yue, Zhao; Wu, W.

2015-01-01

Obtaining a high critical current density (Jc) remains the main challenge in developing fluorine-free metal organic deposition (MOD) methods to fabricate YBCO superconducting thin films. Silver addition was used to raise the Jc values in this research work. By reacting with propionic acid...... and ammonia, AgNO3 was initially mixed with YBCO carboxylate precursors dissolved in methanol. High-temperature in situ XRD measurements on the YBCO-Ag powders revealed that silver addition lowers the incongruent melting temperature of YBCO to 760°C and resulted in a smooth surface morphology of the YBCO...... films at a temperature as low as 760°C. Grain growth and intergranular conductivity were also found to be improved by silver doping. After annealing under optimized conditions, a high Jc of 4.6MA/cm2 was obtained in a YBCO-Ag thin film with 10 wt% Ag....

Implementation of the thermal-hydraulic transient analysis code RELAP4/MOD5 and MOD6 on the FACOM 230/75 computer system

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kohsaka, Atsuo; Ishigai, Takahiro; Kumakura, Toshimasa; Naraoka, Ken-itsu

1979-03-01

Development efforts have continued on the extensively used LOCA analysis code RELAP-4, as seen in its history; that is, from the prototype version MOD2 to the latest one MOD6 which is capable of one-through calculations from blowdown to reflood phase of PWR-LOCA. Many improvements and refinements of the models have enlarged the scopes and extents of phenomena to treat. Correspondingly the size of program has increased version to version, and special programming techniques have continuously been introduced to manage the program within limited capacity of core memory. For example, the Dynamic Storage Allocation of MOD5 and the PRELOAD Preprocessor newly incorporated in MOD6 are those designed for the CDC computer with relatively small core size. Described are these programming techniques in detail and experiences on implementation of the codes on FACOM 230/75, together with some results of confirmatory calculations. (author)

Implementation of an implicit method into heat conduction calculation of TRAC-PF1/MOD2 code

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Akimoto, Hajime; Abe, Yutaka; Ohnuki, Akira; Murao, Yoshio

1990-08-01

A two-dimensional unsteady heat conduction equation is solved in the TRAC-PF/MOD2 code to calculate temperature transients in fuel rod. A large CPU time is often required to get stable solution of temperature transients in the TRAC calculation with a small axial node size (less than 1.0 mm), because the heat conduction equation is discretized explicitly. To eliminate the restriction of the maximum time step size by the heat conduction calculation, an implicit method for solving the heat condition equation was developed and implemented into the TRAC code. Several assessment calculations were performed with the original and modified TRAC codes. It is confirmed that the implicit method is reliable and is successfully implemented into the TRAC code through comparison with theoretical solutions and assessment calculation results. It is demonstrated that the implicit method makes the heat conduction calculation practical even for the analyses of temperature transients with the axial node size less than 0.1 mm. (author)

Twenty Years of Research on the Alcator C-Mod Tokamak

Science.gov (United States)

Greenwald, Martin

2013-10-01

Alcator C-Mod is a compact, high-field tokamak, whose unique design and operating parameters have produced a wealth of new and important results since its start in 1993, contributing data that extended tests of critical physical models into new parameter ranges and into new regimes. Using only RF for heating and current drive with innovative launching structures, C-Mod operates routinely at very high power densities. Research highlights include direct experimental observation of ICRF mode-conversion, ICRF flow drive, demonstration of Lower-Hybrid current drive at ITER-like densities and fields and, using a set of powerful new diagnostics, extensive validation of advanced RF codes. C-Mod spearheaded the development of the vertical-target divertor and has always operated with high-Z metal plasma facing components--an approach adopted for ITER. C-Mod has made ground-breaking discoveries in divertor physics and plasma-material interactions at reactor-like power and particle fluxes and elucidated the critical role of cross-field transport in divertor operation, edge flows and the tokamak density limit. C-Mod developed the I-mode and EDA H-mode regimes which have high performance without large ELMs and with pedestal transport self-regulated by short-wavelength electromagnetic waves. C-Mod has carried out pioneering studies of intrinsic rotation and found that self-generated flow shear can be strong enough to significantly modify transport. C-Mod made the first quantitative link between pedestal temperature and H-mode performance, showing that the observed self-similar temperature profiles were consistent with critical-gradient-length theories and followed up with quantitative tests of nonlinear gyrokinetic models. Disruption studies on C-Mod provided the first observation of non-axisymmetric halo currents and non-axisymmetric radiation in mitigated disruptions. Work supported by U.S. DoE

Oxidative C-H/C-H Cross-Coupling Reactions between N-Acylanilines and Benzamides Enabled by a Cp*-Free RhCl3/TFA Catalytic System.

Science.gov (United States)

You, Jingsong; Shi, Yang; Zhang, Luoqiang; Lan, Jingbo; Zhang, Min; Zhou, Fulin; Wei, Wenlong

2018-06-03

Using the dual chelation-assisted strategy, a completely regiocontrolled oxidative C-H/C-H cross-coupling reaction between an N-acylaniline and a benzamide has been accomplished for the first time, which enables a step-economical and highly efficient pathway to 2-amino-2'-carboxybiaryl scaffolds from readily available substrates. A Cp*-free RhCl3/TFA catalytic system has been developed to replace the generally used [Cp*RhCl2]2/AgSbF6 (Cp* = pentamethyl cyclopentadienyl) in oxidative C-H/C-H cross-coupling reactions between two (hetero)arenes. The RhCl3/TFA system avoids the use of expensive Cp* ligand and AgSbF6. As an illustrative example, the protocol developed herein greatly streamlines access to naturally occurring benzo[c]phenanthridine alkaloid oxynitidine in an excellent overall yield. © 2018 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

NetMOD Version 2.0 Mathematical Framework

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Merchant, Bion J. [Sandia National Lab. (SNL-NM), Albuquerque, NM (United States); Young, Christopher J. [Sandia National Lab. (SNL-NM), Albuquerque, NM (United States); Chael, Eric P. [Sandia National Lab. (SNL-NM), Albuquerque, NM (United States)

2015-08-01

NetMOD ( Net work M onitoring for O ptimal D etection) is a Java-based software package for conducting simulation of seismic, hydroacoustic and infrasonic networks. Network simulations have long been used to study network resilience to station outages and to determine where additional stations are needed to reduce monitoring thresholds. NetMOD makes use of geophysical models to determine the source characteristics, signal attenuation along the path between the source and station, and the performance and noise properties of the station. These geophysical models are combined to simulate the relative amplitudes of signal and noise that are observed at each of the stations. From these signal-to-noise ratios (SNR), the probabilities of signal detection at each station and event detection across the network of stations can be computed given a detection threshold. The purpose of this document is to clearly and comprehensively present the mathematical framework used by NetMOD, the software package developed by Sandia National Laboratories to assess the monitoring capability of ground-based sensor networks. Many of the NetMOD equations used for simulations are inherited from the NetSim network capability assessment package developed in the late 1980s by SAIC (Sereno et al., 1990).

Assessment of PWR Steam Generator modelling in RELAP5/MOD2

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Putney, J.M.; Preece, R.J.

1993-06-01

An assessment of Steam Generator (SG) modelling in the PWR thermal-hydraulic code RELAP5/MOD2 is presented. The assessment is based on a review of code assessment calculations performed in the UK and elsewhere, detailed calculations against a series of commissioning tests carried out on the Wolf Creek PWR and analytical investigations of the phenomena involved in normal and abnormal SG operation. A number of modelling deficiencies are identified and their implications for PWR safety analysis are discussed -- including methods for compensating for the deficiencies through changes to the input deck. Consideration is also given as to whether the deficiencies will still be present in the successor code RELAP5/MOD3

Mod 1 ICS TI Report: ICS Conversion of a 140% HPGe Detector

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bounds, John Alan [Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)

2016-07-05

This report evaluates the Mod 1 ICS, an electrically cooled 140% HPGe detector. It is a custom version of the ORTEC Integrated Cooling System (ICS) modified to make it more practical for us to use in the field. Performance and operating characteristics of the Mod 1 ICS are documented, noting both pros and cons. The Mod 1 ICS is deemed a success. Recommendations for a Mod 2 ICS, a true field prototype, are provided.

20 years of research on the Alcator C-Mod tokamaka)

Science.gov (United States)

Greenwald, M.; Bader, A.; Baek, S.; Bakhtiari, M.; Barnard, H.; Beck, W.; Bergerson, W.; Bespamyatnov, I.; Bonoli, P.; Brower, D.; Brunner, D.; Burke, W.; Candy, J.; Churchill, M.; Cziegler, I.; Diallo, A.; Dominguez, A.; Duval, B.; Edlund, E.; Ennever, P.; Ernst, D.; Faust, I.; Fiore, C.; Fredian, T.; Garcia, O.; Gao, C.; Goetz, J.; Golfinopoulos, T.; Granetz, R.; Grulke, O.; Hartwig, Z.; Horne, S.; Howard, N.; Hubbard, A.; Hughes, J.; Hutchinson, I.; Irby, J.; Izzo, V.; Kessel, C.; LaBombard, B.; Lau, C.; Li, C.; Lin, Y.; Lipschultz, B.; Loarte, A.; Marmar, E.; Mazurenko, A.; McCracken, G.; McDermott, R.; Meneghini, O.; Mikkelsen, D.; Mossessian, D.; Mumgaard, R.; Myra, J.; Nelson-Melby, E.; Ochoukov, R.; Olynyk, G.; Parker, R.; Pitcher, S.; Podpaly, Y.; Porkolab, M.; Reinke, M.; Rice, J.; Rowan, W.; Schmidt, A.; Scott, S.; Shiraiwa, S.; Sierchio, J.; Smick, N.; Snipes, J. A.; Snyder, P.; Sorbom, B.; Stillerman, J.; Sung, C.; Takase, Y.; Tang, V.; Terry, J.; Terry, D.; Theiler, C.; Tronchin-James, A.; Tsujii, N.; Vieira, R.; Walk, J.; Wallace, G.; White, A.; Whyte, D.; Wilson, J.; Wolfe, S.; Wright, G.; Wright, J.; Wukitch, S.; Zweben, S.

2014-11-01

The object of this review is to summarize the achievements of research on the Alcator C-Mod tokamak [Hutchinson et al., Phys. Plasmas 1, 1511 (1994) and Marmar, Fusion Sci. Technol. 51, 261 (2007)] and to place that research in the context of the quest for practical fusion energy. C-Mod is a compact, high-field tokamak, whose unique design and operating parameters have produced a wealth of new and important results since it began operation in 1993, contributing data that extends tests of critical physical models into new parameter ranges and into new regimes. Using only high-power radio frequency (RF) waves for heating and current drive with innovative launching structures, C-Mod operates routinely at reactor level power densities and achieves plasma pressures higher than any other toroidal confinement device. C-Mod spearheaded the development of the vertical-target divertor and has always operated with high-Z metal plasma facing components—approaches subsequently adopted for ITER. C-Mod has made ground-breaking discoveries in divertor physics and plasma-material interactions at reactor-like power and particle fluxes and elucidated the critical role of cross-field transport in divertor operation, edge flows and the tokamak density limit. C-Mod developed the I-mode and the Enhanced Dα H-mode regimes, which have high performance without large edge localized modes and with pedestal transport self-regulated by short-wavelength electromagnetic waves. C-Mod has carried out pioneering studies of intrinsic rotation and demonstrated that self-generated flow shear can be strong enough in some cases to significantly modify transport. C-Mod made the first quantitative link between the pedestal temperature and the H-mode's performance, showing that the observed self-similar temperature profiles were consistent with critical-gradient-length theories and followed up with quantitative tests of nonlinear gyrokinetic models. RF research highlights include direct experimental

A field evaluation of the Hardy TB MODS Kit™ for the rapid phenotypic diagnosis of tuberculosis and multi-drug resistant tuberculosis.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Laura Martin

Full Text Available Even though the WHO-endorsed, non-commercial MODS assay offers rapid, reliable TB liquid culture and phenotypic drug susceptibility testing (DST at lower cost than any other diagnostic, uptake has been patchy. In part this reflects misperceptions about in-house assay quality assurance, but user convenience of one-stop procurement is also important. A commercial MODS kit was developed by Hardy Diagnostics (Santa Maria, CA, USA with PATH (Seattle, WA, USA to facilitate procurement, simplify procedures through readymade media, and enhance safety with a sealing silicone plate lid. Here we report the results from a large-scale field evaluation of the MODS kit in a government service laboratory.2446 sputum samples were cultured in parallel in Lowenstein-Jensen (LJ, conventional MODS and in the MODS kit. MODS kit DST was compared with conventional MODS (direct DST and proportion method (indirect DST. 778 samples (31.8% were Mycobacterium tuberculosis culture-positive. Compared to conventional MODS the sensitivity, specificity, positive, and negative predictive values (95% confidence intervals of the MODS Kit were 99.3% (98.3-99.8%, 98.3% (97.5-98.8%, 95.8% (94.0-97.1%, and 99.7% (99.3-99.9%. Median (interquartile ranges time to culture-positivity (and rifampicin and isoniazid DST was 10 (9-13 days for conventional MODS and 8.5 (7-11 for MODS Kit (p<0.01. Direct rifampicin and isoniazid DST in MODS kit was almost universally concordant with conventional MODS (97.9% agreement, 665/679 evaluable samples and reference indirect DST (97.9% agreement, 687/702 evaluable samples.MODS kit delivers performance indistinguishable from conventional MODS and offers a convenient, affordable alternative with enhanced safety from the sealing silicone lid. The availability in the marketplace of this platform, which conforms to European standards (CE-marked, readily repurposed for second-line DST in the near future, provides a fresh opportunity for improving equity of

Hot particle dose calculations using the computer code VARSKIN Mod 2

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Durham, J.S.

1991-01-01

The only calculational model recognised by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) for hot particle dosimetry is VARSKIN Mod 1. Because the code was designed to calculate skin dose from distributed skin contamination and not hot particles, it is assumed that the particle has no thickness and, therefore, that no self-absorption occurs within the source material. For low energy beta particles such as those emitted from 60 Co, a significant amount of self-shielding occurs in hot particles and VARSKIN Mod 1 overestimates the skin dose. In addition, the presence of protective clothing, which will reduce the calculated skin dose for both high and low energy beta emitters, is not modelled in VARSKIN Mod 1. Finally, there is no provision in VARSKIN Mod 1 to calculate the gamma contribution to skin dose from radionuclides that emit both beta and gamma radiation. The computer code VARSKIN Mod 1 has been modified to model three-dimensional sources, insertion of layers of protective clothing between the source and skin, and gamma dose from appropriate radionuclides. The new code, VARSKIN Mod 2, is described and the sensitivity of the calculated dose to source geometry, diameter, thickness, density, and protective clothing thickness are discussed. Finally, doses calculated using VARSKIN Mod 2 are compared to doses measured from hot particles found in nuclear power plants. (author)

Teaching Mods with Class

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Champion, Erik

2012-01-01

from around the world, representing fields as diverse as architecture, ethnography, puppetry, cultural studies, music education, interaction design and industrial design. How can we design, play with and reflect on the contribution of game mods, related tools and techniques, to both game studies...

An experimental assessment of methods used to compute secondary electron emission yield for tungsten and molybdenum electrodes based on exposure to Alcator C-Mod scrape-off layer plasmas

Science.gov (United States)

McCarthy, W.; LaBombard, B.; Brunner, D.; Kuang, A. Q.

2018-03-01

Plasma potentials computed from Langmuir probe data rely on a method to account for secondary electron emission (SEE) from the electrodes. However, significant variations exist among published models for SEE and the reported experimental parameters used to evaluate them. As a means to critically assess SEE computation methods, two of four tungsten electrodes on a Langmuir-Mach probe head were replaced with molybdenum and exposed to Alcator C-Mod boundary plasmas where electron temperatures exceed 50 eV and SEE becomes significant. In this situation, plasma potentials computed for either material should be identical—the SEE evaluation method should properly account for the differences in SEE yields. Of the six methods used to compute SEE, two are found to produce consistent results (Sternglass model with Bronstein experimental parameters and Young-Dekker model with Bronstein experimental parameters). In contrast, the method previously used for C-Mod data analysis (Sternglass model with Kollath parameters) was found to be inconsistent. We have since adopted Young-Dekker-Bronstein as the preferred method.

NAUA Mod 4

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bunz, H.; Koyro, M.; Schoeck, W.

1983-08-01

This report describes the computer program NAUA Mod4. Its purpose is to calculate the behaviour of a polydisperse aerosol system in a closed vessel containing a condensing atmosphere as a function of the time. The main object is to explain the physical background and to describe the structure of the code and the input and output in detail. (orig.) [de

Developmental assessment of RELAP5/MOD3 using the semiscale natural circulation tests

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Carlson, K.E.

1990-01-01

A code development effort creating RELAP5/MOD3 from RELAP5/MOD2 has been completed. Upon completion, a developmental assessment task was performed. One of the problems used for the developmental assessment was the Semiscale Natural Circulation Test. Calculated results from RELAP5/MOD3 are compared to measured data and previously calculated results from RELAP5/MOD2. 10 refs., 6 figs., 1 tab

Københavns Kommunes indsats mod social dumping - målopfyldelsesevaluering

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Baadsgaard, Kelvin; Jørgensen, Henning

2016-01-01

Evaluering af, om de politiske intentioner med indsats mod social dumping i Københavns Kommune er blevet indfriet......Evaluering af, om de politiske intentioner med indsats mod social dumping i Københavns Kommune er blevet indfriet...

Correlation ECE diagnostic in Alcator C-Mod

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sung, C.; Irby, J.; Leccacorvi, R.; Vieira, R.; Oi, C.; Rice, J.; Reinke, M.; Gao, C.; Ennever, P.; Porkolab, M.; Churchill, R.; Theiler, C.; Walk, J.; Hughes, J.; Hubbard, A.; Greenwald, M.

2015-01-01

Correlation ECE (CECE) is a diagnostic technique that allows measurement of small amplitude electron temperature, Te, fluctuations through standard cross-correlation analysis methods. In Alcator C-Mod, a new CECE diagnostic has been installed[Sung RSI 2012], and interesting phenomena have been observed in various plasma conditions. We find that local Te fluctuations near the edge (ρ ~ 0:8) decrease across the linearto- saturated ohmic confinement transition, with fluctuations decreasing with increasing plasma density [Sung NF 2013], which occurs simultaneously with rotation reversals [Rice NF 2011]. Te fluctuations are also reduced across core rotation reversals with an increase of plasma density in RF heated L-mode plasmas, which implies that the same physics related to the reduction of Te fluctuations may be applied to both ohmic and RF heated L-mode plasmas. In I-mode plasmas, we observe the reduction of core Te fluctuations, which indicates changes of turbulence occur not only in the pedestal region but also in the core across the L/I transition [White NF 2014]. The present CECE diagnostic system in C-Mod and these experimental results are described in this paper

RELAP5/MOD3 AP600 problems

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Riemke, R.A.

1993-01-01

RELAP5/MOD3 is a reactor systems analysis code that has been developed jointly by the US Nuclear Regulatory Commission (USNRC) and a consortium consisting of several of the countries and domestic organizations that were members of the International Code Assessment and Applications Program (ICAP). The code is currently being used to simulate transients for the next generation of advanced light water reactors (ALWR's). One particular reactor design is the Westinghouse AP600 pressurized water reactor (PWR), which consists of two hot legs and four cold legs as well as passive emergency core cooling (ECC) systems. Initial calculations with RELAP5/MOD3 indicated that the code was not as robust as RELAP5/MOD2.5 with regard to AP600 calculations. Recent modifications in the areas of condensation wall heat transfer, interfacial heat transfer in the presence of noncondensibles, bubbly flow interfacial heat transfer, and time smoothing of both interfacial drag and interfacial heat transfer have improved the robustness, although more reliability is needed

Characterization of 13 and 30 mum thick hydrogenated amorphous silicon diodes deposited over CMOS integrated circuits for particle detection application

CERN Document Server

Despeisse, M; Commichau, S C; Dissertori, G; Garrigos, A; Jarron, P; Miazza, C; Moraes, D; Shah, A; Wyrsch, N; Viertel, Gert M; 10.1016/j.nima.2003.11.022

2004-01-01

We present the experimental results obtained with a novel monolithic silicon pixel detector which consists in depositing a n-i-p hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) diode straight above the readout ASIC (this technology is called Thin Film on ASIC, TFA). The characterization has been performed on 13 and 30mum thick a-Si:H films deposited on top of an ASIC containing a linear array of high- speed low-noise transimpedance amplifiers designed in a 0.25mum CMOS technology. Experimental results presented have been obtained with a 600nm pulsed laser. The results of charge collection efficiency and charge collection speed of these structures are discussed.

Internal transport barrier production and control in Alcator C-Mod

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Fiore, C L [Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 (United States); Bonoli, P T [Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 (United States); Ernst, D R [Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 (United States); Greenwald, M J [Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 (United States); Marmar, E S [Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 (United States); Redi, M H [Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton, NJ (United States); Rice, J E [Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 (United States); Wukitch, S J [Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 (United States); Zhurovich, K [Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 (United States)

2004-12-01

Internal transport barriers (ITBs), marked by a steep density profile, even stronger peaking in the pressure profile and reduction of core transport are obtained in Alcator C-Mod. They are induced by the use of off-axis D(H) ICRF (ion cyclotron range of frequencies) power deposition. They also arise spontaneously in Ohmic H-mode plasmas once the H-mode lasts for several energy confinement times. Recent studies have explored the limits for forming, maintaining and controlling these plasmas. The C-Mod provides a unique platform for studying such discharges: the high density (up to 8 x 10{sup 20} m{sup -3}) causes the ions and electrons to be tightly coupled by collisions with T{sub i}/T{sub e} = 1, and the plasma has no internal particle or momentum sources. The ITBs formed in both Ohmic and ICRF heated plasmas are quite similar regardless of the trigger method. Control of impurity influx and heating of the core plasma in the presence of the ITB have been achieved with the addition of central ICRF power, in both Ohmic H-mode and ICRF induced ITBs. Control of the radial location of the transport barrier is achieved through manipulation of the toroidal magnetic field and plasma current. A narrow region of decreased electron thermal transport, as determined by sawtooth heat pulse analysis, is found in these plasmas as well. Transport analysis indicates that reduction of the particle diffusivity in the barrier region allows the neoclassical pinch to drive the density and impurity accumulation in the plasma centre. Examination of the gyro-kinetic stability indicates that the density and temperature profiles of the plasma core are inherently stable to long-wavelength drift mode driven turbulence at the onset time of the ITB, but that the increasing density gradients cause the trapped electron mode to play a role in providing a control mechanism to ultimately limit the density and impurity rise in the plasma centre.

Development of One Meter Long Double-Sided CeO2 Buffered Ni-5at.%W Templates by Reel-to-Reel Chemical Solution Deposition Route

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Yue, Zhao; Konstantopoulou, K.; Wulff, Anders Christian

2013-01-01

High performance long-length coated conductors fabricated using various techniques have attracted a lot of interest recently. In this work, a reel-to-reel design for depositing double-sided coatings on long-length flexible metallic tapes via a chemical solution method is proposed and realized...... layer are 7.2◦ and 5.8◦ with standard deviation of 0.26◦ and 0.34◦, respectively, being indicative of the high quality epitaxial growth of the films prepared in the continuous manner. An all chemical solution derived YBCOLow−TFA/Ce0.9La0.1O2/Gd2Zr2O7/CeO2 structure is obtained on a short sample...

20 years of research on the Alcator C-Mod tokamak

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Greenwald, M.; Baek, S.; Barnard, H.; Beck, W.; Bonoli, P.; Brunner, D.; Burke, W.; Ennever, P.; Ernst, D.; Faust, I.; Fiore, C.; Fredian, T.; Gao, C.; Golfinopoulos, T.; Granetz, R.; Hartwig, Z.; Hubbard, A.; Hughes, J.; Hutchinson, I.; Irby, J.

2014-01-01

The object of this review is to summarize the achievements of research on the Alcator C-Mod tokamak [Hutchinson et al., Phys. Plasmas 1, 1511 (1994) and Marmar, Fusion Sci. Technol. 51, 261 (2007)] and to place that research in the context of the quest for practical fusion energy. C-Mod is a compact, high-field tokamak, whose unique design and operating parameters have produced a wealth of new and important results since it began operation in 1993, contributing data that extends tests of critical physical models into new parameter ranges and into new regimes. Using only high-power radio frequency (RF) waves for heating and current drive with innovative launching structures, C-Mod operates routinely at reactor level power densities and achieves plasma pressures higher than any other toroidal confinement device. C-Mod spearheaded the development of the vertical-target divertor and has always operated with high-Z metal plasma facing components—approaches subsequently adopted for ITER. C-Mod has made ground-breaking discoveries in divertor physics and plasma-material interactions at reactor-like power and particle fluxes and elucidated the critical role of cross-field transport in divertor operation, edge flows and the tokamak density limit. C-Mod developed the I-mode and the Enhanced Dα H-mode regimes, which have high performance without large edge localized modes and with pedestal transport self-regulated by short-wavelength electromagnetic waves. C-Mod has carried out pioneering studies of intrinsic rotation and demonstrated that self-generated flow shear can be strong enough in some cases to significantly modify transport. C-Mod made the first quantitative link between the pedestal temperature and the H-mode's performance, showing that the observed self-similar temperature profiles were consistent with critical-gradient-length theories and followed up with quantitative tests of nonlinear gyrokinetic models. RF research highlights include direct experimental

Vaccine mod halthed testes i besætning

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Lauritsen, Klara Tølbøll

2012-01-01

Ny vaccine mod ledbetændelse forårsaget af Mycoplasma hyosynoviae testes nu hos 200 svin i en problembesætning. Håbet er færre halte svin og en nedbringelse af antibiotikaforbruget.......Ny vaccine mod ledbetændelse forårsaget af Mycoplasma hyosynoviae testes nu hos 200 svin i en problembesætning. Håbet er færre halte svin og en nedbringelse af antibiotikaforbruget....

Assessment of the effectiveness of uranium deposit searching methods

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Suran, J.

1998-01-01

The following groups of uranium deposit searching methods are described: radiometric review of foreign work; aerial radiometric survey; automobile radiometric survey; emanation survey up to 1 m; emanation survey up to 2 m; ground radiometric survey; radiometric survey in pits; deep radiometric survey; combination of the above methods; and other methods (drilling survey). For vein-type deposits, the majority of Czech deposits were discovered in 1945-1965 by radiometric review of foreign work, automobile radiometric survey, and emanation survey up to 1 m. The first significant indications of sandstone type uranium deposits were observed in the mid-1960 by aerial radiometric survey and confirmed later by drilling. (P.A.)

Functional overview of the Production Planning Model (ProdMod)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gregory, M.V.; Paul, P.K.

1995-09-01

The Production Planning Model (ProdMod) has been developed by SRTC for use by High Level Waste Program Management and High Level Waste Engineering as a fast running, integrated, comprehensive model of the entire SRS high level waste (HLW) complex. ProdMod can simulate the response of the HLW complex from its current state to the end of tank clean-up or to any intermediate point. The present document describes the initial release of ProdMod at the end of FY95: a model version that contains all the significant elements from the High-level Waste System Plan Revision 5 and is capable of running the simulation all the way to the postulated completion of waste removal. For the scenario represented by this release, that simulates approximately 70 years of operation of the HLW complex (out to FY2065). This initial release of ProdMod will serve as the immediate starting point for the modeling of the High-Level Waste System Plan Revision 6. Thus ProdMod is expected to be in a state of continuous change and improvement.the initial goal has been to generate a simulation of the processes of interest, with the emphasis on mass and volume balances tracked throughout the HLW complex. That has been accomplished. Future development will add a set of cost equations to the process equations and extend the model for use as a linear programming (optimization) application. The goal of this later phase will be to free the ProdMod user to some extent from the need to set up detailed simulation scenarios: the model will automatically make operational choices which minimize or maximize a given objective function. Appendix A contains the source code

TRAC-PF1/MOD1 assessment at Los Alamos

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Knight, T.D.

1984-01-01

The Los Alamos National Laboratory is developing the Transient Reactor Analysis Code (TRAC) to provide an advanced best-estimate predictive capability for the analysis of postulated accidents in pressurized water reactors (PWRs). Over the past several years, four distinct versions of the code have been released; each new version introduced improvements to the existing models and numerics and added new models to extend the applications of the code. The first goal of the code was to analyze large-break loss-of-coolant accidents (LOCAs), and the TRAC-P1A and TRAC-PD2 codes primarily addressed the large-break LOCA. (The TRAC-PD2/MOD1 code is essentially the same as the TRAC-PD2 code but it also includes a released set of error corrections.) The TRAC-PF1 code contained major changes to the models and trips and to the numerical methods. These modifications enhanced the computational speed of the code and improved the application to small-break LOCAs. The TRAC-PF1/MOD1 code, the latest released version, added improved steam-generator modeling, a turbine component, and a control system together with modified constitutive relations to model the balance of plant on the secondary side and to extend the applications to non-LOCA transients. The TRAC-PF1/MOD1 code also contains reasonably general reactor-kinetics modeling to facilitate the simulation of transients with delayed scram or without scram. 13 references, 24 figures

Comparision of calculations for the ROSA-IV LSTF with RELAP5/MOD0 and RELAP5/MOD1 (cycle 1)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Fineman, C.P.; Tanaka, Mitsugu; Tasaka, Kanji

1982-03-01

10% and 2.5% cold leg break analyses have been completed for the ROSA-IV Large Scale Test Facility (LSTF) with the RELAP5/MOD0 and RELAP5/MOD1, cycle 1, computer codes. Comparisons between the calculations were made to determine any differences in the results obtained from the two versions of RELAP5. Differences in the two calculations were found which can be attributed to changes in the flow regime maps and critical flow model. (author)

Cloud-based uniform ChIP-Seq processing tools for modENCODE and ENCODE.

Science.gov (United States)

Trinh, Quang M; Jen, Fei-Yang Arthur; Zhou, Ziru; Chu, Kar Ming; Perry, Marc D; Kephart, Ellen T; Contrino, Sergio; Ruzanov, Peter; Stein, Lincoln D

2013-07-22

Funded by the National Institutes of Health (NIH), the aim of the Model Organism ENCyclopedia of DNA Elements (modENCODE) project is to provide the biological research community with a comprehensive encyclopedia of functional genomic elements for both model organisms C. elegans (worm) and D. melanogaster (fly). With a total size of just under 10 terabytes of data collected and released to the public, one of the challenges faced by researchers is to extract biologically meaningful knowledge from this large data set. While the basic quality control, pre-processing, and analysis of the data has already been performed by members of the modENCODE consortium, many researchers will wish to reinterpret the data set using modifications and enhancements of the original protocols, or combine modENCODE data with other data sets. Unfortunately this can be a time consuming and logistically challenging proposition. In recognition of this challenge, the modENCODE DCC has released uniform computing resources for analyzing modENCODE data on Galaxy (https://github.com/modENCODE-DCC/Galaxy), on the public Amazon Cloud (http://aws.amazon.com), and on the private Bionimbus Cloud for genomic research (http://www.bionimbus.org). In particular, we have released Galaxy workflows for interpreting ChIP-seq data which use the same quality control (QC) and peak calling standards adopted by the modENCODE and ENCODE communities. For convenience of use, we have created Amazon and Bionimbus Cloud machine images containing Galaxy along with all the modENCODE data, software and other dependencies. Using these resources provides a framework for running consistent and reproducible analyses on modENCODE data, ultimately allowing researchers to use more of their time using modENCODE data, and less time moving it around.

Characterization of 13 and 30 μm thick hydrogenated amorphous silicon diodes deposited over CMOS integrated circuits for particle detection application

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Despeisse, M.; Anelli, G.; Commichau, S.; Dissertori, G.; Garrigos, A.; Jarron, P.; Miazza, C.; Moraes, D.; Shah, A.; Wyrsch, N.; Viertel, G.

2004-01-01

We present the experimental results obtained with a novel monolithic silicon pixel detector which consists in depositing a n-i-p hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) diode straight above the readout ASIC (this technology is called Thin Film on ASIC, TFA). The characterization has been performed on 13 and 30 μm thick a-Si:H films deposited on top of an ASIC containing a linear array of high-speed low-noise transimpedance amplifiers designed in a 0.25 μm CMOS technology. Experimental results presented have been obtained with a 600 nm pulsed laser. The results of charge collection efficiency and charge collection speed of these structures are discussed

Modding a free and open source software video game: "Play testing is hard work"

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Giacomo Poderi

2014-03-01

Full Text Available Video game modding is a form of fan productivity in contemporary participatory culture. We see modding as an important way in which modders experience and conceptualize their work. By focusing on modding in a free and open source software video game, we analyze the practice of modding and the way it changes modders' relationship with their object of interest. The modders' involvement is not always associated with fun and creativity. Indeed, activities such as play testing often undermine these dimensions of modding. We present a case study of modding that is based on ethnographic research done for The Battle for Wesnoth, a free and open source software strategy video game entirely developed by a community of volunteers.

Reliability of the MODS assay decentralisation process in three health regions in Peru

Science.gov (United States)

Mendoza, A.; Castillo, E.; Gamarra, N.; Huamán, T.; Perea, M.; Monroi, Y.; Salazar, R.; Coronel, J.; Acurio, M.; Obregón, G.; Roper, M.; Bonilla, C.; Asencios, L.; Moore, D. A. J.

2011-01-01

OBJECTIVE To deliver rapid isoniazid (INH) and rifampicin (RMP) drug susceptibility testing (DST) close to the patient, we designed a decentralisation process for the microscopic observation drug susceptibility (MODS) assay in Peru and evaluated its reliability. METHODS After 2 weeks of training, laboratory staff processed ≥120 consecutive sputum samples each in three regional laboratories. Samples were processed in parallel with MODS testing at an expert laboratory. Blinded paired results were independently analysed by the Instituto Nacional de Salud (INS) according to predetermined criteria: concordance for culture, DST against INH and RMP and diagnosis of multidrug-resistant t uberculosis (MDR-TB) ≥ 95%, McNemar's P > 0.05, kappa index (κ) ≥ 0.75 and contamination 1–4%. Sensitivity and specificity for MDR-TB were calculated. RESULTS The accreditation process for Callao (126 samples, 79.4% smear-positive), Lima Sur (n = 130, 84%) and Arequipa (n = 126, 80%) took respectively 94, 97 and 173 days. Pre-determined criteria in all regional laboratories were above expected values. The sensitivity and specificity for detecting MDR-TB in regional laboratories were >95%, except for sensitivity in Lima Sur, which was 91.7%. Contamination was 1.0–2.3%. Mean delay to positive MODS results was 9.9–12.9 days. CONCLUSION Technology transfer of MODS was reliable, effective and fast, enabling the INS to accredit regional laboratories swiftly. PMID:21219684

Mechanical behaviour of SFR materials: proposition of fatigue weld joint coefficient for MOD9CR-1MO

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ancelet, O.; Matheron, Ph.

2012-01-01

Mod 9Cr-1Mo steel (T91) is a candidate material for steam generator of SFR (Sodium Fast Reactors). In order to validate this choice, it is necessary, firstly to verify that it is able to withstand the planned environmental and operating conditions, and secondly to check if it is covered by the existing design codes, concerning its procurement, fabrication, welding, examination methods and mechanical design rules. A large R and D program on mod9Cr-1Mo steel has been undertaken at CEA in order to characterize the behavior of this material and of its welded junctions. In this program, the role of the Laboratory for structural Integrity and Standards (LISN) is to develop high temperature defect assessment procedures under fatigue and creep loadings. In this frame, complementary studies are conducted in order to validate the existing methods (developed for the fast reactors) and to get new experimental data on Mod9Cr-1Mo steel. In particular, some new experiments are conducted on specimen with a weld joint and compared with classical experiments on base metal specimen. These results associated with finite element modeling allow to propose a weld joint coefficient at 550 degrees C for the Mod9Cr1Mo steel. (authors)

Ny vaccine mod ledbetændelse er ikke effektiv

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Nielsen, Elisabeth Okholm; Lauritsen, Klara Tølbøll

2013-01-01

En ny mulighed for at vaccinere mod mykoplasma-ledbetændelse er undersøgt hos en slagtesvineproducent. Vaccinen kunne desværre ikke forebygge halthed eff ektivt.......En ny mulighed for at vaccinere mod mykoplasma-ledbetændelse er undersøgt hos en slagtesvineproducent. Vaccinen kunne desværre ikke forebygge halthed eff ektivt....

Dye sensitized solar cell applications of CdTiO{sub 3}–TiO{sub 2} composite thin films deposited from single molecular complex

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ehsan, Muhammad Ali [Nanotechnology and Catalysis Centre (NANOCAT), University of Malaya, Lembah Pantai, 50603 Kuala Lumpur (Malaysia); Khaledi, Hamid [Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Lembah Pantai, 50603 Kuala Lumpur (Malaysia); Pandikumar, Alagarsamy; Huang, Nay Ming [Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Lembah Pantai, 50603 Kuala Lumpur (Malaysia); Arifin, Zainudin [Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Lembah Pantai, 50603 Kuala Lumpur (Malaysia); Mazhar, Muhammad, E-mail: mazhar42pk@yahoo.com [Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Lembah Pantai, 50603 Kuala Lumpur (Malaysia)

2015-10-15

A heterobimetallic complex [Cd{sub 2}Ti{sub 4}(μ-O){sub 6}(TFA){sub 8}(THF){sub 6}]·1.5THF (1) (TFA=trifluoroacetato, THF=tetrahydrofuran) comprising of Cd:Ti (1:2) ratio was synthesized by a chemical reaction of cadmium (II) acetate with titanium (IV) isopropoxide and triflouroacetic acid in THF. The stoichiometry of (1) was recognized by single crystal X-ray diffraction, spectroscopic and elemental analyses. Thermal studies revealed that (1) neatly decomposes at 450 °C to furnish 1:1 ratio of cadmium titanate:titania composite oxides material. The thin films of CdTiO{sub 3}–TiO{sub 2} composite oxides were deposited at 550 °C on fluorine doped tin oxide coated conducting glass substrate in air ambient. The micro-structure, crystallinity, phase identification and chemical composition of microspherical architectured CdTiO{sub 3}–TiO{sub 2} composite thin film have been determined by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy and energy dispersive X-ray analysis. The scope of composite thin film having band gap of 3.1 eV was explored as photoanode for dye-sensitized solar cell application. - Graphical abstarct: Microspherical designed CdTiO{sub 3}–TiO{sub 2} composite oxides photoanode film has been fabricated from single source precursor [Cd{sub 2}Ti{sub 4}(μ-O){sub 6}(TFA){sub 8}(THF){sub 6}]·1.5THF via aerosol assisted chemical vapor deposition technique for dye sensitized solar cell application. - Highlights: • Synthesis and characterization of a heterobimetallic Cd–Ti complex. • Fabrication of CdTiO{sub 3}–TiO{sub 2} thin film photoelectrode. • Application as dye sensitized photoanode for solar application.

GeoMod 2014 - Modelling in geoscience

Science.gov (United States)

Leever, Karen; Oncken, Onno

2016-08-01

GeoMod is a biennial conference to review and discuss latest developments in analogue and numerical modelling of lithospheric and mantle deformation. GeoMod2014 took place at the GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences in Potsdam, Germany. Its focus was on rheology and deformation at a wide range of temporal and spatial scales: from earthquakes to long-term deformation, from micro-structures to orogens and subduction systems. It also addressed volcanotectonics and the interaction between tectonics and surface processes (Elger et al., 2014). The conference was followed by a 2-day short course on "Constitutive Laws: from Observation to Implementation in Models" and a 1-day hands-on tutorial on the ASPECT numerical modelling software.

An analytical method for trifluoroacetic Acid in water and air samples using headspace gas chromatographic determination of the methyl ester.

Science.gov (United States)

Zehavi, D; Seiber, J N

1996-10-01

An analytical method has been developed for the determination of trace levels of trifluoroacetic acid (TFA), an atmospheric breakdown product of several of the hydrofluorocarbon (HFC) and hydrochlorofluorocarbon (HCFC) replacements for the chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) refrigerants, in water and air. TFA is derivatized to the volatile methyl trifluoroacetate (MTFA) and determined by automated headspace gas chromatography (HSGC) with electron-capture detection or manual HSGC using GC/MS in the selected ion monitoring (SIM) mode. The method is based on the reaction of an aqueous sample containing TFA with dimethyl sulfate (DMS) in concentrated sulfuric acid in a sealed headspace vial under conditions favoring distribution of MTFA to the vapor phase. Water samples are prepared by evaporative concentration, during which TFA is retained as the anion, followed by extraction with diethyl ether of the acidified sample and then back-extraction of TFA (as the anion) in aqueous bicarbonate solution. The extraction step is required for samples with a relatively high background of other salts and organic materials. Air samples are collected in sodium bicarbonate-glycerin-coated glass denuder tubes and prepared by rinsing the denuder contents with water to form an aqueous sample for derivatization and analysis. Recoveries of TFA from spiked water, with and without evaporative concentration, and from spiked air were quantitative, with estimated detection limits of 10 ng/mL (unconcentrated) and 25 pg/mL (concentrated 250 mL:1 mL) for water and 1 ng/m(3) (72 h at 5 L/min) for air. Several environmental air, fogwater, rainwater, and surface water samples were successfully analyzed; many showed the presence of TFA.

Assessment and improvement of condensation models in RELAP5/MOD3.2

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Choi, Ki Yong; Park, Hyun Sik; Kim, Sang Jae; No, Hee Chen [Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Taejon (Korea, Republic of)

1998-12-31

The condensation models in the standard RELAP5/MOD3.2 code are assessed and improved based on the database, which is constructed from the previous experimental data on various condensation phenomena. The default model of the laminar film condensation in RELAP5/MOD3.2 does not give any reliable predictions, and its alternative model always predicts higher values than the experimental data. Therefore, it is needed to develop a new correlation based on the experimental data of various operating ranges in the constructed database. The Shah correlation, which is used to calculate the turbulent film condensation heat transfer coefficients in the standard RELAP5/MOD3.2, well predicts the experimental data in the database. The horizontally stratified condensation model of RELAP5/MOD3.2 overpredicts both cocurrent and countercurrent experimental data. The correlation proposed by H.J.Kim predicts the database relatively well compared with that of RELAP6/MOD3.2. The RELAP5/MOD3.2 model should use the liquid velocity for the calculation of the liquid Reynolds number and be modified to consider the effects of the gas velocity and the film thickness. 2 refs., 5 figs., 1 tab. (Author)

Assessment and improvement of condensation models in RELAP5/MOD3.2

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Choi, Ki Yong; Park, Hyun Sik; Kim, Sang Jae; No, Hee Chen [Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Taejon (Korea, Republic of)

1997-12-31

The condensation models in the standard RELAP5/MOD3.2 code are assessed and improved based on the database, which is constructed from the previous experimental data on various condensation phenomena. The default model of the laminar film condensation in RELAP5/MOD3.2 does not give any reliable predictions, and its alternative model always predicts higher values than the experimental data. Therefore, it is needed to develop a new correlation based on the experimental data of various operating ranges in the constructed database. The Shah correlation, which is used to calculate the turbulent film condensation heat transfer coefficients in the standard RELAP5/MOD3.2, well predicts the experimental data in the database. The horizontally stratified condensation model of RELAP5/MOD3.2 overpredicts both cocurrent and countercurrent experimental data. The correlation proposed by H.J.Kim predicts the database relatively well compared with that of RELAP6/MOD3.2. The RELAP5/MOD3.2 model should use the liquid velocity for the calculation of the liquid Reynolds number and be modified to consider the effects of the gas velocity and the film thickness. 2 refs., 5 figs., 1 tab. (Author)

Ammonia release method for depositing metal oxides

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Silver, G.L.; Martin, F.S.

1993-12-31

A method of depositing metal oxides on substrates which is indifferent to the electrochemical properties of the substrates and which comprises forming ammine complexes containing metal ions and thereafter effecting removal of ammonia from the ammine complexes so as to permit slow precipitation and deposition of metal oxide on the substrates.

Using computer program RELAP5/MOD2 on microcomputers

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Grgic, D.; Bajs, T; Cavlina, N.; Debrecin, N.

1990-01-01

Our work on installation of RELAP5/MOD2 code on IBM4341, mVAX 11, MGT-386 and COMPAQ-386/20e computers is described. Main characteristics of RELAP5/MOD2 structure programming style and differences between FORTRAN VS, VAX-11 FORTRAN and NDP FORTRAN 386 are presented. We discussed basic philosophy used in modification and testing and test results. (author)

Characterization of the Hamamatsu 8" R5912-MOD Photomultiplier tube

Science.gov (United States)

Kaptanoglu, Tanner

2018-05-01

Current and future neutrino and direct detection dark matter experiments hope to take advantage of improving technologies in photon detection. Many of these detectors are large, monolithic optical detectors that use relatively low-cost, large-area, and efficient photomultiplier tubes (PMTs). A candidate PMT for future experiments is a newly developed prototype Hamamatsu PMT, the R5912-MOD. In this paper we describe measurements made of the single photoelectron time and charge response of the R5912-MOD, as well as detail some direct comparisons to similar PMTs. Most of these measurements were performed on three R5912-MOD PMTs operating at gains close to 1 × 107. The transit time spread (σ) and the charge peak-to-valley were measured to be on average 680ps and 4.2 respectively. The results of this paper show the R5912-MOD is an excellent candidate for future experiments in several regards, particularly due to its narrow spread in timing.

Brazilian Irradiation Project: CAFE-MOD1 validation experimental program

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Mattos, Joao Roberto Loureiro de; Costa, Antonio Carlos L. da; Esteves, Fernando Avelar; Dias, Marcio Soares

1999-01-01

The Brazilian Irradiation Project whose purpose is to provide Brazil with a minimal structure to qualify the design, fabrication and quality procedures of nuclear fuels, consists of three main facilities: IEA-R1 reactor of IPEN-CNEN/SP, CAFE-MOD1 irradiation device and a unit of hot cells. The CAFE-MOD1 is based on concepts successfully used for more than 20 years in the main nuclear institutes around the world. Despite these concepts are already proved it should be adapted to each reactor condition. For this purpose, there is an ongoing experimental program aiming at the certification of the criteria and operational limits of the CAFE-MOD1 in order to get the allowance for its installation at the IEA-R1 reactor. (author)

RELAP5/MOD2: for PWR transient analysis

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ransom, V.H.

1983-01-01

RELAP5 is a light water reactor system transient simulation code for use in nuclear plant safety analysis. Development of a new version, RELAP5/MOD2, has been completed and will be released to the United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission during September of 1983. The new and improved modeling capability of RELAP5/MOD2 is described and some developmental assessment results are presented. The future plans for extension to severe accident modeling are briefly discussed

RELAP5/MOD2 calculation of OECD LOFT test LP-FW-01

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Croxfod, M.G.; Harwood, C.; Hall, P.C.

1992-04-01

RELAP5/MOD2 is being used by GDCD for calculation of certain small break loss-of-coolant accidents and pressurized transients in the Sizewell ''B'' PWR. To test the ability of RELAP5/MOD2 to model the primary feed-and-bleed recovery procedure following a complete loss- of-feedwater event, post test calculations have been carried out of OECD LOFT test LP-FW-01. This report describes the comparison between the code calculations and the test data. It is found that although the standard version of RELAP5/MOD2 gives a reasonable prediction of the experimental transient, the long term pressure history is better calculated with a modified code version containing a revised horizontal stratification entrainment model. The latter allows an improved calculation of entrainment of liquid from the hot leg into the surge line. RELAP5/MOD2 is found to give a more accurate simulation of the experimental transient than was achieved in previous UK studies using RETRAN-02/MOD2

RELAP5/MOD1-EUR evaluation. Comparison with the INEL original version

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Mazzantini, O.A.

1990-01-01

In this work, the values calculated from two versions of the RELAP5/MOD1 code are compared with those measured in different tests. The first version of RELAP5 is the cycle 19 of the original version of INEL (RELAP5/MOD1-INEL) and the second version improved by EURATOM (RELAP5/MOD1-EUR) which was transferred to ENACE through agreements made with SIEMENS/KWU. (Author) [es

Implementation of JAERI's reflood model into TRAC-PF1/MOD1 code

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Akimoto, Hajime; Ohnuki, Akira; Murao, Yoshio

1993-02-01

Selected physical models of REFLA code, that is a reflood analysis code developed at JAERI, were implemented into the TRAC-PF1/MOD1 code in order to improve the predictive capability of the TRAC-PF1/MOD1 code for the core thermal hydraulic behaviors during the reflood phase in a PWR LOCA. Through comparisons of physical models between both codes, (1) Murao-Iguchi void fraction correlation, (2) the drag coefficient correlation acting to drops, (3) the correlation for wall heat transfer coefficient in the film boiling regime, (4) the quench velocity correlation and (5) heat transfer correlations for the dispersed flow regime were selected from the REFLA code to be implemented into the TRAC-PF1/MOD1 code. A method for the transformation of the void fraction correlation to the equivalent interfacial friction model was developed and the effect of the transformation method on the stability of the solution was discussed. Through assessment calculation using data from CCTF (Cylindrical Core Test Facility) flat power test, it was confirmed that the predictive capability of the TRAC code for the core thermal hydraulic behaviors during the reflood can be improved by the implementation of selected physical models of the REFLA code. Several user guidelines for the modified TRAC code were proposed based on the sensitivity studies on fluid cell number in the hydraulic calculation and on node number and effect of axial heat conduction in the heat conduction calculation of fuel rod. (author)

Expression, purification and DNA-binding activities of two putative ModE proteins of Herbaspirillum seropedicae (Burkholderiales, Oxalobacteraceae

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

André L.F. Souza

2008-01-01

Full Text Available In prokaryotes molybdenum is taken up by a high-affinity ABC-type transporter system encoded by the modABC genes. The endophyte β-Proteobacterium Herbaspirillum seropedicae has two modABC gene clusters and two genes encoding putative Mo-dependent regulator proteins (ModE1 and ModE2. Analysis of the amino acid sequence of the ModE1 protein of H. seropedicae revealed the presence of an N-terminal domain containing a DNA-binding helix-turn-helix motif (HTH and a C-terminal domain with a molybdate-binding motif. The second putative regulator protein, ModE2, contains only the helix-turn-helix motif, similar to that observed in some sequenced genomes. We cloned the modE1 (810 bp and modE2 (372 bp genes and expressed them in Escherichia coli as His-tagged fusion proteins, which we subsequently purified. The over-expressed recombinant His-ModE1 was insoluble and was purified after solubilization with urea and then on-column refolded during affinity chromatography. The His-ModE2 was expressed as a soluble protein and purified by affinity chromatography. These purified proteins were analyzed by DNA band-shift assays using the modA2 promoter region as probe. Our results indicate that His-ModE1 and His-ModE2 are able to bind to the modA2 promoter region, suggesting that both proteins may play a role in the regulation of molybdenum uptake and metabolism in H. seropedicae.

MOD-5A wind turbine generator program design report: Volume 1: Executive Summary

Science.gov (United States)

1984-01-01

The design, development and analysis of the 7.3 MW MOD-5A wind turbine generator covering work performed between July 1980 and June 1984 is discussed. The report is divided into four volumes: Volume 1 summarizes the entire MOD-5A program, Volume 2 discusses the conceptual and preliminary design phases, Volume 3 describes the final design of the MOD-5A, and Volume 4 contains the drawings and specifications developed for the final design. Volume 1, the Executive Summary, summarizes all phases of the MOD-5A program. The performance and cost of energy generated by the MOD-5A are presented. Each subsystem - the rotor, drivetrain, nacelle, tower and foundation, power generation, and control and instrumentation subsystems - is described briefly. The early phases of the MOD-5A program, during which the design was analyzed and optimized, and new technologies and materials were developed, are discussed. Manufacturing, quality assurance, and safety plans are presented. The volume concludes with an index of volumes 2 and 3.

BioJava-ModFinder: identification of protein modifications in 3D structures from the Protein Data Bank.

Science.gov (United States)

Gao, Jianjiong; Prlic, Andreas; Bi, Chunxiao; Bluhm, Wolfgang F; Dimitropoulos, Dimitris; Xu, Dong; Bourne, Philip E; Rose, Peter W

2017-07-01

We developed a new software tool, BioJava-ModFinder, for identifying protein modifications observed in 3D structures archived in the Protein Data Bank (PDB). Information on more than 400 types of protein modifications were collected and curated from annotations in PDB, RESID, and PSI-MOD. We divided these modifications into three categories: modified residues, attachment modifications, and cross-links. We have developed a systematic method to identify these modifications in 3D protein structures. We have integrated this package with the RCSB PDB web application and added protein modification annotations to the sequence diagram and structure display. By scanning all 3D structures in the PDB using BioJava-ModFinder, we identified more than 30 000 structures with protein modifications, which can be searched, browsed, and visualized on the RCSB PDB website. BioJava-ModFinder is available as open source (LGPL license) at ( https://github.com/biojava/biojava/tree/master/biojava-modfinder ). The RCSB PDB can be accessed at http://www.rcsb.org . pwrose@ucsd.edu. © The Author 2017. Published by Oxford University Press.

RELAP5/MOD2 assessment at Babcock and Wilcox

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Nithianandan, C.K.; Shah, N.H.; Schomaker, R.J.; Turk, C.

1986-01-01

Babcock and Wilcox (B and W) has been working with the code developers at EG and G Idaho, Inc. and the NRC assessing the RELAP5/MOD2 computer code by simulating selected separate effects tests. The purpose of this B and W Owners Group-sponsored assessment was to evaluate RELAP5/MOD2 for use in design calculations for the MIST and OTIS integral system tests and in predicting pressurized water reactor (PWR) transients. B and W evaluated various versions of the code and made recommendations to improve code performance. As a result, the currently released version (Cycle 36.1) has been improved considerably over earlier versions. However, further refinements to some of the constitutive models may still be needed to further improve specific predictive capabilities of RELAP5/MOD2

Plans and status of RELAP5/MOD3

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Weaver, W.L.

1989-01-01

RELAP5/MOD3 is a pressurized water reactor (PWR) system analysis code being developed jointly by the US Nuclear Regulatory Commission (USNRC) and consisting of several of the countries that are members of the International Code Assessment and Applications Program (ICAP). This code development program is called the ICAP Code Improvement Program. The mission of the RELAP5/MOD3 code improvement program is to develop a code version suitable for the analysis of all transients and postulated accidents in PER systems including both large and small break loss of coolant accidents (LOCA's) as well as the full range of operational transients. The emphasis of the RELAP5/MOD3 development will be on large break LOCA since previous versions of RELAP5 were developed for and assessed against small break LOCA and operation transient test data. The paper discusses the various code models to be improved and presents the results of work completed to date

Blob sizes and velocities in the Alcator C-Mod scrape-off layer

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Kube, R.; Garcia, O.E.; LaBombard, B.

A new blob-tracking algorithm for the GPI diagnostic installed in the outboard-midplane of Alcator C-Mod is developed. I t tracks large-amplitude fluctuations propagating through the scrape-off layer and calculates blob sizes and velocities. We compare the results of this method to a blob velocity...

Method for deposition of a conductor in integrated circuits

Science.gov (United States)

Creighton, J. Randall; Dominguez, Frank; Johnson, A. Wayne; Omstead, Thomas R.

1997-01-01

A method is described for fabricating integrated semiconductor circuits and, more particularly, for the selective deposition of a conductor onto a substrate employing a chemical vapor deposition process. By way of example, tungsten can be selectively deposited onto a silicon substrate. At the onset of loss of selectivity of deposition of tungsten onto the silicon substrate, the deposition process is interrupted and unwanted tungsten which has deposited on a mask layer with the silicon substrate can be removed employing a halogen etchant. Thereafter, a plurality of deposition/etch back cycles can be carried out to achieve a predetermined thickness of tungsten.

Code development and analysis program. RELAP4/MOD7 (Version 2): user's manual

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

1978-08-01

This manual describes RELAP4/MOD7 (Version 2), which is the latest version of the RELAP4 LPWR blowdown code. Version 2 is a precursor to the final version of RELAP4/MOD7, which will address LPWR LOCA analysis in integral fashion (i.e., blowdown, refill, and reflood in continuous fashion). This manual describes the new code models and provides application information required to utilize the code. It must be used in conjunction with the RELAP4/MOD5 User's Manual (ANCR-NUREG-1335, dated September 1976), and the RELAP4/MOD6 User's Manual

Les enjeux du modèle standard

CERN Document Server

CERN. Geneva

2008-01-01

Toute la matière visible dans l'Univers est décrite par le « Modèle Standard ». Selon cette théorie, la matière est constituée d'atomes, qui contiennent des électrons orbitant autour de noyaux, dont les composants fondamentaux sont les quarks. Quatre forces fondamentales agissent entre ces particules élémentaires : les forces électromagnétique est gravitationnelle, et les interactions nucléaires forte et faible. La description fournie par le Modèle Standard de ces particules et de leurs interactions est en parfait accord avec les expériences. Néanmoins, des questions fondamentales restent sans réponse jusqu'à maintenant : d'où vient la masse des particules ? Pourquoi y a-t-il tant de types de particules ? Existe-t-il une théorie unifiée de toutes les interactions ? Quelle est la nature de la matière cachée prédite par les astrophysiciens ? Le LHC au CERN donnera des éléments de réponse à ces questions au-delà du Modèle Standard.

Vertically aligned carbon nanotube growth by pulsed laser deposition and thermal chemical vapor deposition methods

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sohn, Jung Inn; Nam, Chunghee; Lee, Seonghoon

2002-01-01

We have grown vertically aligned carbon nanotubes on the various substrates such as a planar p-type Si(1 0 0) wafer, porous Si wafer, SiO 2 , Si 3 N 4 , Al 2 O 3 , and Cr by thermal chemical vapor deposition (CVD) at 800 deg.C, using C 2 H 2 gas as a carbon source and Fe catalyst films deposited by a pulsed laser on the substrates. The Fe films were deposited for 5 min by pulsed laser deposition (PLD). The advantage of Fe deposition by PLD over other deposition methods lies in the superior adhesion of Fe to a Si substrate due to high kinetic energies of the generated Fe species. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images show that vertically well-aligned carbon nanotubes are grown on Fe nanoparticles formed from the thermal annealing of the Fe film deposited by PLD on the various substrates. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) images show that the Fe film annealed at 800 deg.C is broken to Fe nanoparticles of 10-50 nm in size. We show that the appropriate density of Fe nanoparticles formed from the thermal annealing of the film deposited by PLD is crucial in growing vertically aligned carbon nanotubes. Using a PLD and a lift-off method, we developed the selective growth of carbon nanotubes on a patterned Fe-coated Si substrate

Mod two homology and cohomology

CERN Document Server

Hausmann, Jean-Claude

2014-01-01

Cohomology and homology modulo 2 helps the reader grasp more readily the basics of a major tool in algebraic topology. Compared to a more general approach to (co)homology this refreshing approach has many pedagogical advantages: It leads more quickly to the essentials of the subject, An absence of signs and orientation considerations simplifies the theory, Computations and advanced applications can be presented at an earlier stage, Simple geometrical interpretations of (co)chains. Mod 2 (co)homology was developed in the first quarter of the twentieth century as an alternative to integral homology, before both became particular cases of (co)homology with arbitrary coefficients. The first chapters of this book may serve as a basis for a graduate-level introductory course to (co)homology. Simplicial and singular mod 2 (co)homology are introduced, with their products and Steenrod squares, as well as equivariant cohomology. Classical applications include Brouwer's fixed point theorem, Poincaré duality, Borsuk-Ula...

Modèle exploitable pour la définition de la commande du robot

OpenAIRE

ZIMMER-CHEVRET, Sandra; LANGLOIS, Laurent; BEN ATTAR, Amarilys

2014-01-01

Ce document traite de la modélisation des actions mécaniques entre l’outil et la matière. L’objectif est de définir un modèle exploitable pour la définition de la commande du robot. Dans un premier temps, le rapport présente une synthèse bibliographique des modèles des interactions mécaniques développés à ce jour. Pour un modèle choisi, les paramètres constituant ce dernier ont été calculés à partir de données expérimentales. Puis, la validité du modèle a été étudiée. Pour une même configurat...

Development and application of STCP Mod 1.1

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hu Zhiyi

1990-01-01

A state-of-the-art Source Term Code Package-STCP Mod 1.1 is used for assessing the release of radioactive materials to the environment in severe reactor accidents. Its structure and function, and its installation and development on CYBER computer in China are introduced. Through calculations and analyses for 4 selected severe accident sequences from ZION Nuclear Power Plant of the U.S., it shows that the developed STCP Mod 1.1 is suitable to calculate varios scenarios as long as the selections of the model and parameters are reasonable

Molybdate transporter ModABC is important for Pseudomonas aeruginosa chronic lung infection.

Science.gov (United States)

Périnet, Simone; Jeukens, Julie; Kukavica-Ibrulj, Irena; Ouellet, Myriam M; Charette, Steve J; Levesque, Roger C

2016-01-12

Mechanisms underlying the success of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in chronic lung infection among cystic fibrosis (CF) patients are poorly defined. The modA gene was previously linked to in vivo competitiveness of P. aeruginosa by a genetic screening in the rat lung. This gene encodes a subunit of transporter ModABC, which is responsible for extracellular uptake of molybdate. This compound is essential for molybdoenzymes, including nitrate reductases. Since anaerobic growth conditions are known to occur during CF chronic lung infection, inactivation of a molybdate transporter could inhibit proliferation through the inactivation of denitrification enzymes. Hence, we performed phenotypic characterization of a modA mutant strain obtained by signature-tagged mutagenesis (STM_modA) and assessed its virulence in vivo with two host models. The STM_modA mutant was in fact defective for anaerobic growth and unable to use nitrates in the growth medium for anaerobic respiration. Bacterial growth and nitrate usage were restored when the medium was supplemented with molybdate. Most significantly, the mutant strain showed reduced virulence compared to wild-type strain PAO1 according to a competitive index in the rat model of chronic lung infection and a predation assay with Dictyostelium discoideum amoebae. As the latter took place in aerobic conditions, the in vivo impact of the mutation in modA appears to extend beyond its effect on anaerobic growth. These results support the modABC-encoded transporter as important for the pathogenesis of P. aeruginosa, and suggest that enzymatic machinery implicated in anaerobic growth during chronic lung infection in CF merits further investigation as a potential target for therapeutic intervention.

Evaluation and assessment of reflooding models in RELAP5/Mod2.5 and RELAP5/Mod3 codes using Lehigh University and PSI-Neptun bundle experimental data

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sencar, M.; Aksan, N. [Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen (Switzerland)

1995-09-01

An extensive analysis and assessment work on reflooding models of RELAP5/Mod2.5 and, RELAP5/Mod3/v5m5 and RELAP/Mod3/v7j have been performed. Experimental data from LehighUniversityv. and PSI-NEPTUN bundle reflooding experiments have been used for the assessment, since both of these tests cover a broad range of initial conditions. Within the range of these initial conditions, it was tried to identify their separate impacts on the calculated results. A total of six Lehigh University reflooding bundle tests and two PSI-NEPTUN tests with bounding initial conditions are selected for the analysis. Detailed nodalisation studies both for hydraulic and conduction heat transfer were done. On the basis of the results obtained from these cases, a base nodalisation scheme was established. All the other analysis work was performed by using this base nodalisation. RELAP5/Mod2.5 results do not change with renodalisation but RELAP5/Mod3 results are more sensitive to renodalisation. The results of RELAP5/Mod2.5 versions show very large deviations from the used experimental data. These results indicate that some of the phenomenology of the events occurring during the reflooding could not be identified. In the paper, detailed discussions on the main reasons of the deviations from the experimental data will be presented. Since, the results and findings of this study are meant to be a developmental aid, some recommendations have been drawn and some of these have already been implemented at PSI with promising results.

KONVENCIJE MOD O PRISILNEM DELU V LUČI DANAŠNJEGA ČASA

OpenAIRE

Kokoravec, Mateja

2015-01-01

Prisilno delo je antiteza dostojnega dela, za katerega se zavzema MOD. Za 21 milijonov ljudi to ni samo bled spomin iz preteklosti, ampak težka realnost še danes. Mednarodni delovni standardi, ki jih oblikuje MOD, predstavljajo temeljne minimalne socialne standarde, dogovorjene s strani glavnih udeležencev v svetovnem gospodarstvu. Z njimi si MOD prizadeva doseči dostojne delovne pogoje, saj je v današnjem svetu globalizacije za doseganje teh ciljev potrebno ukrepanje na mednarodni ravni. ...

The mod industries? The industrial logic of non-market game production

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Nieborg, D.B.; van der Graaf, S.

2008-01-01

This article seeks to make the relationship between non-market game developers (modders) and the game developer company explicit through game technology. It investigates a particular type of modding, i.e. total conversion mod teams, whose organization can be said to conform to the high-risk,

Nonaxisymmetric field effects on Alcator C-Mod

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wolfe, S.M.; Hutchinson, I.H.; Granetz, R.S.; Rice, J.; Hubbard, A.; Lynn, A.; Phillips, P.; Hender, T.C.; Howell, D.F.; La Haye, R.J.; Scoville, J.T.

2005-01-01

A set of external coils (A-coils) capable of producing nonaxisymmetric, predominantly n=1, fields with different toroidal phase and a range of poloidal mode m spectra has been used to determine the threshold amplitude for mode locking over a range of plasma parameters in Alcator C-Mod [I. H. Hutchinson, R. Boivin, F. Bombarda, P. Bonoli, S. Fairfax, C. Fiore, J. Goetz, S. Golovato, R. Granetz, M. Greenwald et al., Phys. Plasmas 1, 1511 (1994)]. The threshold perturbations and parametric scalings, expressed in terms of (B 21 /B T ), are similar to those observed on larger, lower field devices. The threshold is roughly linear in density, with typical magnitudes of order 10 -4 . This result implies that locked modes should not be significantly more problematic for the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor [I. P. B. Editors, Nucl. Fusion 39, 2286 (1999)] than for existing devices. Coordinated nondimensional identity experiments on the Joint European Torus [Fusion Technol. 11, 13 (1987)], DIII-D [Fusion Technol. 8, 441 (1985)], and C-Mod, with matching applied mode spectra, have been carried out to determine more definitively the field and size scalings. Locked modes on C-Mod are observed to result in braking of core toroidal rotation, modification of sawtooth activity, and significant reduction in energy and particle confinement, frequently leading to disruptions. Intrinsic error fields inferred from the threshold studies are found to be consistent in amplitude and phase with a comprehensive model of the sources of field errors based on 'as-built' coil and bus-work details and coil imperfections inferred from measurements using in situ magnetic diagnostics on dedicated test pulses. Use of the A-coils to largely cancel the 2/1 component of the intrinsic nonaxisymmetric field has led to expansion of the accessible operating space in C-Mod, including operation up to 2 MA plasma current at 8 T

Automotive Stirling engine: Mod 2 design report

Science.gov (United States)

Nightingale, Noel P.

1986-01-01

The design of an automotive Stirling engine that achieves the superior fuel economy potential of the Stirling cycle is described. As the culmination of a 9-yr development program, this engine, designated the Mod 2, also nullifies arguments that Stirling engines are heavy, expensive, unreliable, demonstrating poor performance. Installed in a General Motors Chevrolet Celebrity car, this engine has a predicted combined fuel economy on unleaded gasoline of 17.5 km/l (41 mpg)- a value 50% above the current vehicle fleet average. The Mod 2 Stirling engine is a four-cylinder V-drive design with a single crankshaft. The engine is also equipped with all the controls and auxiliaries necessary for automotive operation.

SCDAP/RELAP5/MOD3 code development

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Allison, C.M.; Siefken, J.L.; Coryell, E.W.

1992-01-01

The SCOAP/RELAP5/MOD3 computer code is designed to describe the overall reactor coolant system (RCS) thermal-hydraulic response, core damage progression, and fission product release and transport during severe accidents. The code is being developed at the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory (INEL) under the primary sponsorship of the Office of Nuclear Regulatory Research of the US Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC). Code development activities are currently focused on three main areas - (a) code usability, (b) early phase melt progression model improvements, and (c) advanced reactor thermal-hydraulic model extensions. This paper describes the first two activities. A companion paper describes the advanced reactor model improvements being performed under RELAP5/MOD3 funding

Kyllinger har effektivt immunforsvar mod herpes

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Buchmann, Kurt

2008-01-01

Forskere ved Københavns Universitet, Fakultet for Biovidenskab har studeret kyllingens MHC molekyler og kan derigennem forklare hvorfor en særlig stamme indenfor denne art er modstandsdygtige mod en særlig herpesvirus. Udgivelsesdato: 18. januar 2008...

Estimation des paramètres de modèles pour la digestion anaérobie

OpenAIRE

Martinez , Ricardo

2003-01-01

La finalité de ce travail a été d'estimer de la meilleure manière possible des paramètres de différents modèles sur la respiration anaérobie. Dans un premier temps nous présentons les bases qu'on utilise pour construire les modèles du procédé biochimique. Puis nous faisons une analyse qualitative des modèles les plus connus sur le sujet. Dans un deuxième temps nous avons suggéré différents modèles, afin de mieux estimer les paramètres du modèle initial. Nous avons mis au point un programme d'...

The LHCD Launcher for Alcator C-Mod - Design, Construction, Calibration and Testing

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hosea, J.; Beals, D.; Beck, W.; Bernabei, S.; Burke, W.; Childs, R.; Ellis, R.; Fredd, E.; Greenough, N.; Grimes, M.; Gwinn, D.; Irby, J.; Jurczynski, S.; Koert, P.; Kung, C.C.; Loesser, G.D.; Marmar, E.; Parker, R.; Rushinski, J.; Schilling, G.; Terry, D.; Vieira, R.; Wilson, J.R.; Zaks, J.

2005-01-01

MIT and PPPL have joined together to fabricate a high-power lower hybrid current drive (LHCD) system for supporting steady-state AT regime research on Alcator C-Mod. The goal of the first step of this project is to provide 1.5 MW of 4.6 GHz rf [radio frequency] power to the plasma with a compact launcher which has excellent spectral selectivity and fits into a single C-Mod port. Some of the important design, construction, calibration and testing considerations for the launcher leading up to its installation on C-Mod are presented here

Indium/TFA-catalyzed synthesis of tetracyclic [6,5,5,6] indole ring, via a tandem cycloannulation of β-oxodithioester with tryptamine.

Science.gov (United States)

Singh, Thokchom Prasanta; Bhattarcharya, Suman; Singh, Okram Mukherjee

2013-04-19

The cycloannulation of β-oxodithioesters and tryptamine in dichloromethane in the presence of a catalytic amount of InCl3 and TFA gave the novel 5-aryl/heteroaryl 2a(1),9b-dihydro-1H-2a,5a-diaza-cyclopenta[jk]fluorene-3(2H)-thiones in moderate to good yields. The reaction was proposed to involve a tandem transformation of thioamide, protonation, and dehydrative cyclization. KMnO4-oxidation of these newly prepared compounds yielded oxidative desulfurization products in good yields.

Fatigue Properties of Aged Mod. 9Cr-1Mo

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kim, Dae Whan; Kim, Sung Ho; Lee, Chan Bock

2007-01-01

Ferritic/Martensitic steel has a good mechanical properties and a lower thermal expansion coefficient than austenitic stainless steel. Mechanical property of Mod. 9Cr-1Mo steel is less than austenitic stainless steel at high temperature. High temperature mechanical properties are affected by precipitation for Mod. 9Cr-1Mo. FMS steel is used for long time at high temperature and the effect of aging on mechanical properties is very important. In this study, low cycle fatigue properties with aging were investigated

TRAC-PF1/MOD2 best-estimate analysis of a large-break LOCA in a 15 x 15 generic four-loop Westinghouse nuclear power plant

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Spore, J.W.; Lin, J.C.; Schnurr, N.M.; White, J.R.; Cappiello, M.C.

1992-01-01

Calculations of a large-break loss-of-coolant accident (LOCA) in a 15 x 15 generic four-loop Westinghouse nuclear power plant with both the TRAC-PF1/MOD1 and TRAC-PF1/MOD2 computer codes will be presented. The Transient Reactor Analysis Code (TRAC) has been developed by Los Alamos National Laboratory to provide advanced best-estimate simulations of real postulated transients in pressurized light-water reactors (LWRs) and for many related thermal-hydraulic facilities. The latest released version of TRAC is TRAC-PF1/MOD2. Significant improvements and enhancements over the MOD1 version were implemented in the MOD2 heat-transfer and constitutive models. One of the most significant improvements in the MOD2 code has been the implementation of the two-step numerics method in the three-dimensional components, which can significantly reduce run times for long, slow transients. A very important area of improvement has been in the reflood heat-transfer models. Developmental assessment results (i.e., code comparisons with experimental data) will be discussed for several separate-effects and integral test, including analysis of the Upper Plenum Test Facility (UPTF), the Cylindrical Core Test Facility (CCTF), and the Loss-of-Fluid Test Facility (LOFT). The assessment results provide information on the anticipated accuracy for the best-estimate models in the MOD2 computer code. The MOD1 to MOD2 comparison will provide an estimate for the effect of improved heat-transfer models on predicted peak cladding temperatures

Assessment of RELAP5/MOD3 with condensation experiment for pure steam condensation in a vercal tube

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kim, Sang Jae; No, Hee Cheon [Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Taejon (Korea, Republic of)

1999-12-31

The film condensation models in RELAP5/MOD3.1 and RELAP5/MOD3.2 are assessed with the data of experiment performed in the scaled down condensation experimental facility with a single vertical tube of inner diameter of 46 mm in the range of pressure 0.1 {approx} 7.5 MPa for the PSCS(Passive Secondary Condenser System). Both MOD3.1 and MOD3.2 don`t shows any reliable predictions of the experimental data. The RELAP5/MOD3.1 overpredicts the heat transfer coefficients of experiment, whereas the RELAP5/MOD3.2 underpredicts those data. It is recommended that the film condensation model in RELAP5/MOD3.2 should be modified to have a larger heat transfer coefficient than those of the present model to give the reliable predictions. 7 refs., 6 figs., 1 tab. (Author)

Assessment of RELAP5/MOD3 with condensation experiment for pure steam condensation in a vercal tube

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kim, Sang Jae; No, Hee Cheon [Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Taejon (Korea, Republic of)

1998-12-31

The film condensation models in RELAP5/MOD3.1 and RELAP5/MOD3.2 are assessed with the data of experiment performed in the scaled down condensation experimental facility with a single vertical tube of inner diameter of 46 mm in the range of pressure 0.1 {approx} 7.5 MPa for the PSCS(Passive Secondary Condenser System). Both MOD3.1 and MOD3.2 don`t shows any reliable predictions of the experimental data. The RELAP5/MOD3.1 overpredicts the heat transfer coefficients of experiment, whereas the RELAP5/MOD3.2 underpredicts those data. It is recommended that the film condensation model in RELAP5/MOD3.2 should be modified to have a larger heat transfer coefficient than those of the present model to give the reliable predictions. 7 refs., 6 figs., 1 tab. (Author)

Vold mod børn

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Christensen, Else; Agerlund Sloth Larsen, Dorthe

er der gennemført en interviewundersøgelse, hvor i alt 14 sagsbehandlere fra fire forskellige store kommuner er interviewet om deres erfaringer fra sager med (mistanke om) fysisk vold mod børn, om hvordan sådanne sager sædvanligvis starter i socialforvaltningen, om undersøgelsesforløbet, om...

Assessment of RELAP/MOD2 using large break loss-of-coolant experimental data

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kao, L.; Liao, L.Y.; Liang, K.S.; Wang, S.F.; Chen, Y.B.

1989-01-01

In this paper assessment of RELAP5/MOD2 using LOFT L2-5 and Semiscale S-06-3 tests are performed to provide information of the code capability and its limitation in analyzing large break LOCA of a nuclear power plant. Experiments L2-5 and S-06-3 are conducted to simulate a hypothetical LOCA which results from a 200% double-ended offset shear break in the cold-leg of a typical pressurized water reactor by utilizing scaling facilities of the LOFT and Semiscale Mod-1 systems, respectively. The RELAP5/MOD2 calculations for both tests begin with break initiation and subsequent blowdown, continue through lower plenum refill, core reflood, and terminate with corewide quench. Major phenomena of both large break loss-of-coolant tests are well predicted by RELAP5/MOD2. The results indicate that the break flow and system pressure are reasonably calculated. The cladding temperature response during blowdown period, which is the major importance to a large break LOCA, calculated by RELAP5/MOD2 shows good agreement with the test data

Comparison of MAAP4.03 with RELAP/SCDAPSIM/MOD3.2

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kohriyama, T.; Ohtani, M. [Technical Support Project, Institute of Nuclear Technology, Institute of Nuclear Safety System, Incorporated, Mihama, Fukui (Japan); Ezzidi, A.; Morota, H. [Computer Software Development Co., Ltd., Tokyo (Japan)

2000-11-01

The MAAP4.03 code has been widely used for analyses of severe accident phenomena. It is, however, a system level code applying simpler models and could show phenomenological uncertainties. In order to support MAAP4.03 by a more detailed mechanistic code such as RELAP/SCDAPSIM/MOD3.2, code-to-code comparisons are performed. For a typical 4 loop PWR, analyses of two severe accident sequences were executed. Both codes predicted similar tendencies until the beginning of core melt. MAAP4.03 showed earlier slumping of molten core to a lower head of a reactor pressure vessel than RELAP/SCDAPSIM/MOD3.2. MAAP4.03 considers only axial flows of molten core and crusts suddenly breach by Creep Rupture. RELAP/SCDAPSIM/MOD3.2 treats axial and radial spreads by repeated cycles of melting, flowing and freezing. Bottom crusts can be supported by intact fuel rods. By these more realistic RELAP/SCDAPSIM/MOD3.2 models, MAAP4.03 could be supported maintaining conservatism. (author)

Identification of Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1AbMod binding-proteins from Spodoptera frugiperda.

Science.gov (United States)

Martínez de Castro, Diana L; García-Gómez, Blanca I; Gómez, Isabel; Bravo, Alejandra; Soberón, Mario

2017-12-01

Bacillus thuringiensis Cry toxins are currently used for pest control in transgenic crops but evolution of resistance by the insect pests threatens the use of this technology. The Cry1AbMod toxin was engineered to lack the alpha helix-1 of the parental Cry1Ab toxin and was shown to counter resistance to Cry1Ab and Cry1Ac toxins in different insect species including the fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda. In addition, Cry1AbMod showed enhanced toxicity to Cry1Ab-susceptible S. frugiperda populations. To gain insights into the mechanisms of this Cry1AbMod-enhanced toxicity, we isolated the Cry1AbMod toxin binding proteins from S. frugiperda brush border membrane vesicles (BBMV), which were identified by pull-down assay and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The LC-MS/MS results indicated that Cry1AbMod toxin could bind to four classes of aminopeptidase (N1, N3, N4 y N5) and actin, with the highest amino acid sequence coverage acquired for APN 1 and APN4. In addition to these proteins, we found other proteins not previously described as Cry toxin binding proteins. This is the first report that suggests the interaction between Cry1AbMod and APN in S. frugiperda. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

The mod industries? The industrial logic of non-market game production

OpenAIRE

2008-01-01

Abstract This article seeks to make the relationship between non-market game developers (modders) and the game developer company explicit through game technology. It investigates a particular type of modding, i.e. total conversion mod teams, whose organization can be said to conform to the high-risk, technologically-advanced, capital-intensive, proprietary practice of the developer company. The notion ...

Comparison of extraction methods for the analysis of natural dyes in historical textiles by high-performance liquid chromatography.

Science.gov (United States)

Valianou, Lemonia; Karapanagiotis, Ioannis; Chryssoulakis, Yannis

2009-12-01

Different methods for the extraction of Dactylopius coccus Costa, Rubia tinctorum L., Isatis tinctoria L., Reseda luteola L., Curcuma longa L. and Cotinus coggygria Scop. from wool fibres are investigated using high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detector (HPLC-DAD). The efficiencies of five extraction methods which include the use of HCl (widely used extraction method), citric acid, oxalic acid, TFA and a combination of HCOOH and EDTA are compared on the basis of the (a) number, (b) relative quantities, measured as HPLC peak areas and (c) signal-to-noise ratios (S/N) of the compounds extracted from the wool substrates. Flavonoid glycosides and curcuminoids contained in R. luteola L. and C. longa L., respectively, according to liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry (LC-MS) identifications, are not detected after treating the fibres with HCl. All the other milder methods are successful in extracting these compounds. Experiments are performed using HPLC-DAD to compare the HPLC peak areas and the S/N of the following extracted compounds: indigotin, indirubin, curcumin, demethoxycurcumin, bisdemethoxycurcumin, fisetin, sulfuretin, luteolin, luteolin-7-O-glucoside, apigenin, carminic acid, alizarin, puruprin and rubiadin. It is shown that the TFA method provides overall the best results as it gives elevated extraction yields except for fisetin, luteolin, apigenin and luteolin-7-O-glucoside and highest S/N except for fisetin and luteolin-7-O-glucoside. It is noteworthy that treatment of the fibres with the typical HCl extraction method results overall in very low S/N. The TFA method is selected for further studies, as follows. First, it is applied on silk dyed samples and compared with the HCl method. The same relative differences of the TFA and HCl methods observed for the wool dyed samples are reported for the silk dyed samples too, except for rubiadin, luteolin and apigenin. Thus, in most cases, the nature of the substrate (wool or silk

Lower Hybrid Current Drive Experiments in Alcator C-Mod

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wilson, J. R.; Bonoli, P.; Hubbard, A.; Parker, R.; Schmidt, A.; Wallace, G.; Wright, J.; Bernabei, S.

2007-01-01

A Lower Hybrid Current Drive (LHCD) system has been installed on the Alcator C-MOD tokamak at MIT. Twelve klystrons at 4.6 GHz feed a 4x22 waveguide array. This system was designed for maximum flexibility in the launched parallel wave-number spectrum. This flexibility allows tailoring of the lower hybrid deposition under a variety of plasma conditions. Power levels up to 900 kW have been injected into the tokomak. The parallel wave number has been varied over a wide range, n parallel ∼1.6-4. Driven currents have been inferred from magnetic measurements by extrapolating to zero loop voltage and by direct comparison to Fisch-Karney theory, yielding an efficiency of n 20 IR/P∼0.3. Modeling using the CQL3D code supports these efficiencies. Sawtooth oscillations vanish, accompanied with peaking of the electron temperature (T e0 rises from 2.8 to 3.8 keV). Central q is inferred to rise above unity from the collapse of the sawtooth inversion radius, indicating off-axis cd as expected. Measurements of non-thermal x-ray and electron cyclotron emission confirm the presence of a significant fast electron population that varies with phase and plasma density. The x-ray emission is observed to be radialy broader than that predicted by simple ray tracing codes. Possible explanations for this broader emission include fast electron diffusion or broader deposition than simple ray tracing predictions (perhaps due to diffractive effects)

MOD-RTG multicouple test results and mission readiness

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hartman, R.F.; Kelly, C.E.

1993-01-01

MOD-RTG represents the design configuration for the next generation of Radioisotope Thermoelectric Generators (RTG), aimed at improving specific power and efficiency over current General Purpose Heat Source Radioisotope Thermoelectric Generators (GPHS-RTGs). The modular RTG reference design has been described in previous papers (Hartman 1988). The multicouple is a key element required for the successful development of the modular RTG. The multicouple is a high voltage, thermoelectric device employing a close packed, glass bonded thermopile array of twenty thermoelectric couples, connected in a series circuit. The multicouple is designed to operate at a 1270 K hot junction temperature and a 570 K cold junction temperature, yielding a power output of approximately 2.1 watts at 3.5 volts at beginning of life. The objectives of the MOD-RTG program are focused on establishing a multicouple life test data base and life prediction capability which will permit, with reasonable margin, a projected multicouple life of greater than eight (8) years. This paper summarizes the current status of multicouple life testing and performance modeling and the level of technology readiness needed to demonstrate mission readiness for MOD-RTG

Recueil de modèles aléatoires

CERN Document Server

Chafai, Djalil

2016-01-01

Ce recueil puise sa source dans les cours de master de mathématiques appliquées et de préparation à l’épreuve de modélisation de l’agrégation de mathématiques. Le parti pris de cet ouvrage est de polariser la rédaction par les modèles plutôt que par les outils, et de consacrer chaque chapitre à un modèle. Le premier public visé est celui des enseignants-chercheurs en probabilités, débutants ou confirmés. De nombreux chapitres peuvent également bénéficier directement à des étudiants de master ou préparant l’agrégation. Collected Stochastic Models This collection was inspired by applied mathematics Master classes in stochastic modeling. The focus is on models rather than on tools, and each chapter is devoted to a specific model. Though the book is primarily intended for academics in the field of probability theory, beginners and experienced researchers alike, many chapters will also benefit students preparing to pursue their Master degree in mathematics. .

Fatigue impact on Mod-1 wind turbine design

Science.gov (United States)

Stahle, C. V., Jr.

1978-01-01

Fatigue is a key consideration in the design of a long-life Wind Turbine Generator (WTG) system. This paper discusses the fatigue aspects of the large Mod-1 horizontal-axis WTG design starting with the characterization of the environment and proceeding through the design. Major sources of fatigue loading are discussed and methods of limiting fatigue loading are described. NASTRAN finite element models are used to determine dynamic loading and internal cyclic stresses. Recent developments in determining the allowable fatigue stress consistent with present construction codes are discussed relative to their application to WTG structural design.

The molybdate-binding protein (ModA) of the plant pathogen Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri.

Science.gov (United States)

Balan, Andrea; Santacruz, Carolina P; Moutran, Alexandre; Ferreira, Rita C C; Medrano, Francisco J; Pérez, Carlos A; Ramos, Carlos H I; Ferreira, Luís C S

2006-12-01

The modABC operon of phytopathogen Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri (X. citri) encodes a putative ABC transporter involved in the uptake of the molybdate and tungstate anions. Sequence analyses showed high similarity values of ModA orthologs found in X. campestris pv. campestris (X. campestris) and Escherichia coli. The X. citri modA gene was cloned in pET28a and the recombinant protein, expressed in the E. coli BL21 (DE3) strain, purified by immobilized metal affinity chromatography. The purified protein remained soluble and specifically bound molybdate and tungstate with K(d) 0.29+/-0.12 microM and 0.58+/-0.14 microM, respectively. Additionally binding of molybdate drastically enhanced the thermal stability of the recombinant ModA as compared to the apoprotein. This is the first characterization of a ModA ortholog expressed by a phytopathogen and represents an important tool for functional, biochemical and structural analyses of molybdate transport in Xanthomonas species.

Moving Past "Hello World": Learning to Mod in an Online Affinity Space

Science.gov (United States)

Subramanian, Shree Durga

2012-01-01

Game modding has increasingly become a mainstream and "cutting edge" medium to foster a broad range of critical software design and programming practices to learners coming from wide-ranging educational and professional backgrounds. Participatory practices, like game modding, are highly interest-driven and entail intense engagement with…

MOD-2 wind turbine system concept and preliminary design report. Volume 2: Detailed report

Science.gov (United States)

1979-01-01

The configuration development of the MOD-2 wind turbine system (WTS) is documented. The MOD-2 WTS project is a continuation of DOE programs to develop and achieve early commercialization of wind energy. The MOD-2 is design optimized for commercial production rates which, in multiunit installations, will be integrated into a utility power grid and achieve a cost of electricity at less than four cents per kilowatt hour.

Evaluation of methods for characterizations of deposits; Utvaerdering av metoder foer avlagringsmaetningar

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hoegberg, J.; Bjoerkman, P. [Vattenfall Utveckling AB, Aelvkarleby (Sweden)

2001-11-01

In boilers there are problems with deposits on parts exposed to the flue gas, in particular on heat exchanging parts and to an increasing extent with the changeover to the use of biofuels and wood waste fuels. In order to solve the problems deposits are examined by using a deposit probe and taking deposit samples from the interior of the boiler. In this report an evaluation of methods of analysis is performed based on experiences in both literature and laboratory work. The evaluation forms the basis of an instruction for deposit measurements in 'Vaermeforsks Maethandbok'. The procedure for use of deposit probes is treated as well as the importance of careful and well planned sample preparation before analysis. In the literature a large number of methods used for analysis of deposits from flue ashes and similar applications are found. The methods include chemical analyses of solids and liquids, analysis of crystal structures, thermal properties and the solid mechanics of the materials. Several methods, for example SEM-EDX, XRF, ICP, IC and methods for determining the mechanical and thermal properties are suited for a survey examination of a deposit, while more specialised methods with higher resolution can add information but require a clear framing of a question and in practice are suited for only separate samples. Examples from the latter category are AES, ESCA and TOF-SIMS.

Comparison of gas chromatographic and gravimetric methods for quantization of total fat and fatty acids in foodstuffs

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Sabria Aued-Pimentel

2010-01-01

Full Text Available Different methods to determine total fat (TF and fatty acids (FA, including trans fatty acids (TFA, in diverse foodstuffs were evaluated, incorporating gravimetric methods and gas chromatography with flame ionization detector (GC/FID, in accordance with a modified AOAC 996.06 method. Concentrations of TF and FA obtained through these different procedures diverged (p< 0.05 and TFA concentrations varied beyond 20 % of the reference values. The modified AOAC 996.06 method satisfied both accuracy and precision, was fast and employed small amounts of low toxicity solvents. Therefore, the results showed that this methodology is viable to be adopted in Brazil for nutritional labeling purposes.

MOD approach for the growth of epitaxial CeO2 buffer layers on biaxially textured Ni-W substrates for YBCO coated conductors

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bhuiyan, M S; Paranthaman, M; Sathyamurthy, S; Aytug, T; Kang, S; Lee, D F; Goyal, A; Payzant, E A; Salama, K

2003-01-01

We have grown epitaxial CeO 2 buffer layers on biaxially textured Ni-W substrates for YBCO coated conductors using a newly developed metal organic decomposition (MOD) approach. Precursor solution of 0.25 M concentration was spin coated on short samples of Ni-3 at%W (Ni-W) substrates and heat-treated at 1100 C in a gas mixture of Ar-4%H 2 for 15 min. Detailed x-ray studies indicate that CeO 2 films have good out-of-plane and in-plane textures with full-width-half-maximum values of 5.8 deg. and 7.5 deg., respectively. High temperature in situ XRD studies show that the nucleation of CeO 2 films starts at 600 C and the growth completes within 5 min when heated at 1100 C. SEM and AFM investigations of CeO 2 films reveal a fairly dense microstructure without cracks and porosity. Highly textured YSZ barrier layers and CeO 2 cap layers were deposited on MOD CeO 2 -buffered Ni-W substrates using rf-magnetron sputtering. Pulsed laser deposition (PLD) was used to grow YBCO films on these substrates. A critical current, J c , of about 1.5 MA cm -2 at 77 K and self-field was obtained on YBCO (PLD)/CeO 2 (sputtered)/YSZ (sputtered)/CeO 2 (spin-coated)/Ni-W

Electroplating method for producing ultralow-mass fissionable deposits

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ruddy, F.H.

1989-01-01

A method for producing ultralow-mass fissionable deposits for nuclear reactor dosimetry is described, including the steps of holding a radioactive parent until the radioactive parent reaches secular equilibrium with a daughter isotope, chemically separating the daughter from the parent, electroplating the daughter on a suitable substrate, and holding the electroplated daughter until the daughter decays to the fissionable deposit

Method of research and study of uranium deposits

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lenoble, A.

1955-01-01

In a first part, the author gives a fast retrospective of the evaluations of the uranium deposits in the French Union. The author established a method of prospecting and studying, modifiable at all times following the experiences and the results, permitting to make the general inventory of uranium resources on the territory. The method is based on: 1 - the determination of geological guides in order to mark the most promising deposits, 2 - the definition of a methodology adapted to every steps of the research, 3 - the choice of the material adapted for each of the steps. This method, originally established for the prospecting in crystalline massifs, is adaptable to the prospecting of the sedimentary formations. (M.B.) [fr

Integrated uncertainty analysis using RELAP/SCDAPSIM/MOD4.0

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Perez, M.; Reventos, F.; Wagner, R.; Allison, C.

2009-01-01

The RELAP/SCDAPSIM/MOD4.0 code, designed to predict the behavior of reactor systems during normal and accident conditions, is being developed as part of an international nuclear technology Software Development and Training Program (SDTP). RELAP/SCDAPSIM/MOD4.0, which is the first version of RELAP5 completely rewritten to FORTRAN 90/95/2000 standards, uses the publicly available RELAP5 and SCDAP models in combination with (a) advanced programming and numerical techniques, (b) advanced SDTP-member-developed models for LWR, HWR, and research reactor analysis, and (c) a variety of other member-developed computational packages. One such computational package is an integrated uncertainty analysis package being developed jointly by the Technical University of Catalunya (UPC) and Innovative Systems Software (ISS). The integrated uncertainty analysis approach used in the package uses the following steps: 1. Selection of the plant; 2. Selection of the scenario; 3. Selection of the safety criteria; 4. Identification and ranking of the relevant phenomena based on the safety criteria; 5. Selection of the appropriate code parameters to represent those phenomena; 6. Association of uncertainty by means of Probability Distribution Functions (PDFs) for each selected parameter; 7. Random sampling of the selected parameters according to its PDF and performing multiple computer runs to obtain uncertainty bands with a certain percentile and confidence level; 8. Processing the results of the multiple computer runs to estimate the uncertainty bands for the computed quantities associated with the selected safety criteria. The first four steps are performed by the user prior to the RELAP/SCDAPSIM/MOD4.0 analysis. The remaining steps are included with the MOD4.0 integrated uncertainty analysis (IUA) package. This paper briefly describes the integrated uncertainty analysis package including (a) the features of the package, (b) the implementation of the package into RELAP/SCDAPSIM/MOD4.0, and

Modélisation de l'évaporation en milieu poreux: développement de modèles fondamentaux et appliqués

OpenAIRE

Debaste, Frédéric

2008-01-01

L'étude des phénomènes fondamentaux detransport et de thermodynamique apparaissant lors de l'évaporationen milieu poreux permet l'investigation d'applications pratiquesvariées. Dans ce travail, nous développons des modèles fondamentauxd'évaporation en milieu poreux que nous appliquons ensuite auséchage en lit fluidisé de deux matériaux granulaires poreux :lePVC et la levure.Les modèles mis au point sont réalisés suivant une approchemultiéchelle. Nous nous intéressons tout d'abord aux phénomèn...

Origin of the diversity in DNA recognition domains in phasevarion associated modA genes of pathogenic Neisseria and Haemophilus influenzae.

Science.gov (United States)

Gawthorne, Jayde A; Beatson, Scott A; Srikhanta, Yogitha N; Fox, Kate L; Jennings, Michael P

2012-01-01

Phase variable restriction-modification (R-M) systems have been identified in a range of pathogenic bacteria. In some it has been demonstrated that the random switching of the mod (DNA methyltransferase) gene mediates the coordinated expression of multiple genes and constitutes a phasevarion (phase variable regulon). ModA of Neisseria and Haemophilus influenzae contain a highly variable, DNA recognition domain (DRD) that defines the target sequence that is modified by methylation and is used to define modA alleles. 18 distinct modA alleles have been identified in H. influenzae and the pathogenic Neisseria. To determine the origin of DRD variability, the 18 modA DRDs were used to search the available databases for similar sequences. Significant matches were identified between several modA alleles and mod gene from distinct bacterial species, indicating one source of the DRD variability was via horizontal gene transfer. Comparison of DRD sequences revealed significant mosaicism, indicating exchange between the Neisseria and H. influenzae modA alleles. Regions of high inter- and intra-allele similarity indicate that some modA alleles had undergone recombination more frequently than others, generating further diversity. Furthermore, the DRD from some modA alleles, such as modA12, have been transferred en bloc to replace the DRD from different modA alleles.

Udvikling af vaccine mod dyr tarmsygdom

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Jungersen, Gregers

2012-01-01

DTU Veterinærinstituttet arbejder på at udvikle en effektiv vaccine mod bakterien Lawsonia intracellularis, der forårsager den antibiotikakrævende tarmsygdom proliferativ enteritis. Bakterien driller i laboratoriet, så forskerne må finde innovative veje til vaccinen. Målet er, at vaccinens...

Uniform deposition of uranium hexafluoride (UF6): Standardized mass deposits and controlled isotopic ratios using a thermal fluorination method.

Science.gov (United States)

McNamara, Bruce K; O'Hara, Matthew J; Casella, Andrew M; Carter, Jennifer C; Addleman, R Shane; MacFarlan, Paul J

2016-07-01

We report a convenient method for the generation of volatile uranium hexafluoride (UF6) from solid uranium oxides and other U compounds, followed by uniform deposition of low levels of UF6 onto sampling coupons. Under laminar flow conditions, UF6 is shown to interact with surfaces within a fixed reactor geometry to a highly predictable degree. We demonstrate the preparation of U deposits that range between approximately 0.01 and 500ngcm(-2). The data suggest the method can be extended to creating depositions at the sub-picogramcm(-2) level. The isotopic composition of the deposits can be customized by selection of the U source materials and we demonstrate a layering technique whereby two U solids, each with a different isotopic composition, are employed to form successive layers of UF6 on a surface. The result is an ultra-thin deposit that bears an isotopic signature that is a composite of the two U sources. The reported deposition method has direct application to the development of unique analytical standards for nuclear safeguards and forensics. Further, the method allows access to very low atomic or molecular coverages of surfaces. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Obamas Fortsatte Krig mod Terror

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Ulrich, Philip Christian

2013-01-01

Kronikken argumenterer for at den type overvågningsskandaler som er fulgt i kølvandet på Edward Snowdens afsløringer blot er et symptom på den nye fase af krigen mod terror som Obama administrationen har ønsket at føre USA ind i. Den nye fase vil være præget af mere efterretningsvirksomhed snarere...

Beskyttelse mod passiv rygning i botilbud

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Faber, Louise

2018-01-01

ikke tidligere har været forbud. Denne problemstilling er aktuelt lige nu i forhold til passiv rygning, der tolereres mindre end tidligere. I denne artikel undersøges, i hvilket omfang der er mulighed for, at udstede rygeforbud på botilbud, når formålet med forbuddet er at beskytte andre beboere mod......Myndigheder har pligt til at beskytte individer mod ufrivillig sundhedsskadelig påvirkning i medfør af EMRK art. 8, stk. 1. På områder, hvor individets tolerancetærskel for sundhedsskadelig påvirkning bliver mindre end tidligere, kan der opstå behov for at udstede forbud i situationer, hvor der...... ufrivillig passiv rygning. Problemstilingen belyses i en forvaltningsretlig kontekst med udgangspunkt i dansk ret. Forfatteren konkluderer, at der er hjemmel i den danske Lov om Røgfrie Miljøer til at forbyde rygning, men at reglerne ikke giver tilstrækkelig beskyttelse i den situation, hvor en beboer...

RELAP4/MOD5: a computer program for transient thermal-hydraulic analysis of nuclear reactors and related systems. User's manual. Supplement 1, RELAP4/MOD5, Update 2

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bruch, C.G.

1976-08-01

RELAP4/MOD5, Update 1 was released to the Nuclear Regulatory Commission in January 1976. Six months of extensive use of Update 1 has led to the identification and correction of a number of errors in the code, as well as some logic changes, additional Evaluation Model (EM) checks, and one model revision. These changes have culminated in the release of an improved code identified as RELAP4/MOD5, Update 2. The RELAP4/MOD5 interim User's Manual (Interim Report SRD-113-76) reflected the Update 1 version of the code. The purpose of the supplement presented is to update the Interim User's Manual for use with RELAP4/MOD5, Update 2. Major differences between Updates 1 and 2 and the checkout of Update 2 are discussed. The final version of the User's Manual will be written in accordance with Update 2 and will be published as ANCR-NUREG 1335 during September 1976. Annotation of the existing three volumes of the User's Manual to cross-reference this Supplement is recommended

Radon transport modelling: User's guide to RnMod3d

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Andersen, Claus Erik

2000-01-01

RnMod3d is a numerical computer model of soil-gas and radon transport in porous media. It can be used, for example, to study radon entry from soil into houses in response to indoor-outdoor pressure differences or changes in atmospheric pressure. It canalso be used for flux calculations of radon...... decay, diffusion and advection of radon can be solved. Moisture is included in the model, and partitioning ofradon between air, water and soil grains (adsorption) is taken into account. Most parameters can change in time and space, and transport parameters (diffusivity and permeability) may...... be anisotropic. This guide includes benchmark tests based on simpleproblems with known solutions. RnMod3d has also been part of an international model intercomparison exercise based on more complicated problems without known solutions. All tests show that RnMod3d gives results of good quality....

Future emissions and atmospheric fate of HFC-1234yf from mobile air conditioners in Europe.

Science.gov (United States)

Henne, Stephan; Shallcross, Dudley E; Reimann, Stefan; Xiao, Ping; Brunner, Dominik; O'Doherty, Simon; Buchmann, Brigitte

2012-02-07

HFC-1234yf (2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene) is under discussion for replacing HFC-134a (1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane) as a cooling agent in mobile air conditioners (MACs) in the European vehicle fleet. Some HFC-1234yf will be released into the atmosphere, where it is almost completely transformed to the persistent trifluoroacetic acid (TFA). Future emissions of HFC-1234yf after a complete conversion of the European vehicle fleet were assessed. Taking current day leakage rates and predicted vehicle numbers for the year 2020 into account, European total HFC-1234yf emissions from MACs were predicted to range between 11.0 and 19.2 Gg yr(-1). Resulting TFA deposition rates and rainwater concentrations over Europe were assessed with two Lagrangian chemistry transport models. Mean European summer-time TFA mixing ratios of about 0.15 ppt (high emission scenario) will surpass previously measured levels in background air in Germany and Switzerland by more than a factor of 10. Mean deposition rates (wet + dry) of TFA were estimated to be 0.65-0.76 kg km(-2) yr(-1), with a maxium of ∼2.0 kg km(-2) yr(-1) occurring in Northern Italy. About 30-40% of the European HFC-1234yf emissions were deposited as TFA within Europe, while the remaining fraction was exported toward the Atlantic Ocean, Central Asia, Northern, and Tropical Africa. Largest annual mean TFA concentrations in rainwater were simulated over the Mediterranean and Northern Africa, reaching up to 2500 ng L(-1), while maxima over the continent of about 2000 ng L(-1) occurred in the Czech Republic and Southern Germany. These highest annual mean concentrations are at least 60 times lower than previously determined to be a safe level for the most sensitive aquatic life-forms. Rainwater concentrations during individual rain events would still be 1 order of magnitude lower than the no effect level. To verify these results future occasional sampling of TFA in the atmospheric environment should be considered. If future HFC-1234yf

Comparative studies of cutins from lime (Citrus aurantifolia) and grapefruit (Citrus paradisi) after TFA hydrolysis.

Science.gov (United States)

Hernández Velasco, Brenda Liliana; Arrieta-Baez, Daniel; Cortez Sotelo, Pedro Iván; Méndez-Méndez, Juan Vicente; Berdeja Martínez, Blanca Margarita; Gómez-Patiño, Mayra Beatriz

2017-12-01

Grapefruit and lime cutins were analyzed and compared in order to obtain information about their cutin architecture. This was performed using a sequential hydrolysis, first with trifluoroacetic acid to remove most of the polysaccharides present in the cutins, followed by an alkaline hydrolysis in order to obtain the main aliphatic compounds. Analysis by CPMAS 13 C NMR and ATR FT-IR of the cutins after 2.0 M TFA revealed that grapefruit cutin has independent aliphatic and polysaccharide domains while in the lime cutin these components could be homogeneously distributed. These observations were in agreement with an AFM analysis of the cutins obtained in the hydrolysis reactions. The main aliphatic compounds were detected and characterized as 16-hydroxy-10-oxo-hexadecanoic acid and 10,16-dihydroxyhexadecanoic acid. These were present in grapefruit cutin at 35.80% and 21.86% and in lime cutin at 20.44% and 40.36% respectively. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

CFD simulation of copper(II) extraction with TFA in non-dispersive hollow fiber membrane contactors.

Science.gov (United States)

Muhammad, Amir; Younas, Mohammad; Rezakazemi, Mashallah

2018-04-01

This study presents computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation of dispersion-free liquid-liquid extraction of copper(II) with trifluoroacetylacetone (TFA) in hollow fiber membrane contactor (HFMC). Mass and momentum balance Navier-Stokes equations were coupled to address the transport of copper(II) solute across membrane contactor. Model equations were simulated using COMSOL Multiphysics™. The simulation was run to study the detailed concentration distribution of copper(II) and to investigate the effects of various parameters like membrane characteristics, partition coefficient, and flow configuration on extraction efficiency. Once-through extraction was found to be increased from 10 to 100% when partition coefficient was raised from 1 to 10. Similarly, the extraction efficiency was almost doubled when porosity to tortuosity ratio of membrane was increased from 0.05 to 0.81. Furthermore, the study revealed that CFD can be used as an effective optimization tool for the development of economical membrane-based dispersion-free extraction processes.

PReMod: a database of genome-wide mammalian cis-regulatory module predictions.

Science.gov (United States)

Ferretti, Vincent; Poitras, Christian; Bergeron, Dominique; Coulombe, Benoit; Robert, François; Blanchette, Mathieu

2007-01-01

We describe PReMod, a new database of genome-wide cis-regulatory module (CRM) predictions for both the human and the mouse genomes. The prediction algorithm, described previously in Blanchette et al. (2006) Genome Res., 16, 656-668, exploits the fact that many known CRMs are made of clusters of phylogenetically conserved and repeated transcription factors (TF) binding sites. Contrary to other existing databases, PReMod is not restricted to modules located proximal to genes, but in fact mostly contains distal predicted CRMs (pCRMs). Through its web interface, PReMod allows users to (i) identify pCRMs around a gene of interest; (ii) identify pCRMs that have binding sites for a given TF (or a set of TFs) or (iii) download the entire dataset for local analyses. Queries can also be refined by filtering for specific chromosomal regions, for specific regions relative to genes or for the presence of CpG islands. The output includes information about the binding sites predicted within the selected pCRMs, and a graphical display of their distribution within the pCRMs. It also provides a visual depiction of the chromosomal context of the selected pCRMs in terms of neighboring pCRMs and genes, all of which are linked to the UCSC Genome Browser and the NCBI. PReMod: http://genomequebec.mcgill.ca/PReMod.

Culture and Creativity: World of Warcraft Modding in China and the US

Science.gov (United States)

Kow, Yong Ming; Nardi, Bonnie

Modding - end-user modification of commercial hardware and software - can be traced back at least to 1961 when Spacewar! was developed by a group of MIT students on a DEC PDP-1. Spacewar! evolved into arcade games including Space Wars produced in 1977 by Cinematronics (Sotamaa 2003). In 1992, players altering Wolfenstein 3-D (1992), a first person shooter game made by id Software, overwrote the graphics and sounds by editing the game files. Learning from this experience, id Software released Doom in 1993 with isolated media files and open source code for players to develop custom maps, images, sounds, and other utilities. Players were able to pass on their modifications to others. By 1996, with the release of Quake, end-user modifications had come to be known as "mods," and modding was an accepted part of the gaming community (Kucklich 2005; Postigo 2008a, b). Since late-2005, we have been studying World of Warcraft (WoW) in which the use of mods is an important aspect of player practice (Nardi and Harris 2006; Nardi et al. 2007). Technically minded players with an interest in extending the game write mods and make them available to players for free download on distribution sites. Most modders work for free, but the distribution sites are commercial enterprises with advertising.

Comparison of radiation detector performance for different metal contacts on CdZnTe deposited by electroless deposition method

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Zheng, Q.; Dierre, F.; Crocco, J.; Bensalah, H.; Dieguez, E. [Crystal Growth Laboratory, Department of Materials Physics, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid (Spain); Ayoub, M. [Durham Scientific Crystals Laboratory, Netpark, Thomas Wright Way, Sedgefield, TS21, 3FD (United Kingdom); Corregidor, V.; Alves, E. [Unidade de Fisica e Aceleradores, LFI, ITN, E.N.10, 2686-953, Sacavem (Portugal); Fernandez-Ruiz, R. [Servicio Interdepartamental de Investigacion. Laboratorio de TXRF/Laue-XRD. Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid (Spain); Perez, J.M. [CIEMAT, Edificio 22, Avda Complutense 22, 28040 Madrid (Spain)

2011-11-15

A comparative study of four different metals gold (Au), platinum (Pt), ruthenium (Ru) and rhodium (Rh) deposited on CdZnTe(CZT) by the electroless deposition method has been carried out. Two of these materials, Ru and Rh, have been deposited for the first time by this method. In contrast to the Pt deposition, the deposition of Ru and Rh were not carried out under the optimal conditions. The metals deposited on the samples were identified by Total reflection X-ray Fluorescence (TXRF). Rutherford Backscattering Spectrometry (RBS) analyses show that Au forms the thickest layer ({proportional_to}160 nm) for the experimental conditions of this work. Current-voltage measurements show that Pt forms a more linear ohmic contact with the lowest leakage current. A {sup 57}Co gamma ray spectrum gave a better detector performance with a FWHM 11 keV at 122 keV. (copyright 2011 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH and Co. KGaA, Weinheim) (orig.)

Annealing dependence of residual stress and optical properties of TiO2 thin film deposited by different deposition methods.

Science.gov (United States)

Chen, Hsi-Chao; Lee, Kuan-Shiang; Lee, Cheng-Chung

2008-05-01

Titanium oxide (TiO(2)) thin films were prepared by different deposition methods. The methods were E-gun evaporation with ion-assisted deposition (IAD), radio-frequency (RF) ion-beam sputtering, and direct current (DC) magnetron sputtering. Residual stress was released after annealing the films deposited by RF ion-beam or DC magnetron sputtering but not evaporation, and the extinction coefficient varied significantly. The surface roughness of the evaporated films exceeded that of both sputtered films. At the annealing temperature of 300 degrees C, anatase crystallization occurred in evaporated film but not in the RF ion-beam or DC magnetron-sputtered films. TiO(2) films deposited by sputtering were generally more stable during annealing than those deposited by evaporation.

Uniform deposition of uranium hexafluoride (UF6): Standardized mass deposits and controlled isotopic ratios using a thermal fluorination method

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

McNamara, Bruce K.; O’Hara, Matthew J.; Casella, Andrew M.; Carter, Jennifer C.; Addleman, R. Shane; MacFarlan, Paul J.

2016-07-01

Abstract: We report a convenient method for the generation of volatile uranium hexafluoride (UF6) from solid uranium oxides and other uranium compounds, followed by uniform deposition of low levels of UF6 onto sampling coupons. Under laminar flow conditions, UF6 is shown to interact with surfaces within the chamber to a highly predictable degree. We demonstrate the preparation of uranium deposits that range between ~0.01 and 470±34 ng∙cm-2. The data suggest the method can be extended to creating depositions at the sub-picogram∙cm-2 level. Additionally, the isotopic composition of the deposits can be customized by selection of the uranium source materials. We demonstrate a layering technique whereby two uranium solids, each with a different isotopic composition, are employed to form successive layers of UF6 on a surface. The result is an ultra-thin deposit of UF6 that bears an isotopic signature that is a composite of the two uranium sources. The reported deposition method has direct application to the development of unique analytical standards for nuclear safeguards and forensics.

Modèle d’alerte des crises bancaires basé sur une approche hybride : modèle bayésien – machines à vecteurs supports

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Taha Zaghdoudi

2016-09-01

Full Text Available Ces dernières années, la succession des crises bancaires, qui dans la plupart ont été soldées par des pertes économiques et financières énormes, a suscité l’intérêt de plusieurs chercheurs. Empiriquement, ces auteurs ont opté pour des modèles d’alerte précoce (Early Warning System pour prévenir leurs occurrences. L’objectif de ce papier est de construire un Modèle d’alerte des crises bancaires basé sur une approche hybride. Sur la base des données relatives à 22 pays qui ont subi des crises bancaires observées sur la période 1990–2011, nous avons développé un modèle d’alerte des crises bancaires. Ce modèle est basé sur une approche hybride Bayesian model averaging–Support vectors machine. Sur les 25 variables explicatives retenues, les résultats empiriques du modèle hybride ont fait ressortir 9 indicateurs qui sont considérés comme les principaux facteurs déterminants du déclenchement des crises bancaires. Ces derniers ont une probabilité postérieure d’inclusion supérieure à 0,5. Ces indicateurs potentiels sont la rentabilité nette des actifs, la compétitivité de l’intermédiation bancaire, les provisions sur les créances douteuses, les investissements directs étrangers, la concentration bancaire, la stabilité financière des banques, les produits nets financiers, le taux d’intérêt réel et le taux d’inflation.

Present status and future prospect of coated conductor development and its application in Japan

Science.gov (United States)

Shiohara, Y.; Yoshizumi, M.; Izumi, T.; Yamada, Y.

2008-03-01

The current national project on coated conductors using Y-system superconductors has been carried out over the project period (FY2003-FY2007). In this paper, the current status and the future prospect of this project are reviewed. The high performance tape development group, consisting of Fujikura and SRL-NCCC, has worked on the tape by PLD-REBCO superconducting layers on PLD-CeO2/IBAD-GZO buffered substrates. A high product of Ic and L, higher than 112 166 A m, was achieved in a 368 m-304.8 A GdBCO tape whose Ic value is mostly above 350 A/cm in width. The performance under magnetic field was also improved up to 42 A at 3 T in a GdBCO short film with doping of ZrO2. 61 m long GdBCO tape with ZrO2 doping showed a high Ic value of 220 A at self field and 30 A at 3 T. On the other hand, another group focusing on low production cost has worked on TFA-MOD and MOCVD processes. The extremely high Ic value of 735 A/cm-w was obtained in TFA-MOD films on PLD-CeO2/IBAD-GZO/Hastelloy substrate due to the effect of Ba-poor nominal composition. In efforts towards long tape production by the SWCC group, a 200 m long tape with a high Ic value of 200 A/cm-w was obtained using a batch-type furnace. The Ic × L value of this tape was 40 000 A m, which is the highest value in the world obtained by the TFA-MOD process. Based on the above achievements in coated conductor process development, two new additional goals were set in the project. One is the development of extremely low cost tape and the other is the development of the basic technologies for making electric power devices of cables, transformers, motors, current-limiters and cryocoolers. Some of the new investigations have already revealed marvellous results, such as a 15 kW motor, low AC loss coils, low AC loss cables, etc.

Present status and future prospect of coated conductor development and its application in Japan

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Shiohara, Y; Yoshizumi, M; Izumi, T; Yamada, Y

2008-01-01

The current national project on coated conductors using Y-system superconductors has been carried out over the project period (FY2003-FY2007). In this paper, the current status and the future prospect of this project are reviewed. The high performance tape development group, consisting of Fujikura and SRL-NCCC, has worked on the tape by PLD-REBCO superconducting layers on PLD-CeO 2 /IBAD-GZO buffered substrates. A high product of I c and L, higher than 112 166 A m, was achieved in a 368 m-304.8 A GdBCO tape whose I c value is mostly above 350 A/cm in width. The performance under magnetic field was also improved up to 42 A at 3 T in a GdBCO short film with doping of ZrO 2 . 61 m long GdBCO tape with ZrO 2 doping showed a high I c value of 220 A at self field and 30 A at 3 T. On the other hand, another group focusing on low production cost has worked on TFA-MOD and MOCVD processes. The extremely high I c value of 735 A/cm-w was obtained in TFA-MOD films on PLD-CeO 2 /IBAD-GZO/Hastelloy substrate due to the effect of Ba-poor nominal composition. In efforts towards long tape production by the SWCC group, a 200 m long tape with a high I c value of 200 A/cm-w was obtained using a batch-type furnace. The I c x L value of this tape was 40 000 A m, which is the highest value in the world obtained by the TFA-MOD process. Based on the above achievements in coated conductor process development, two new additional goals were set in the project. One is the development of extremely low cost tape and the other is the development of the basic technologies for making electric power devices of cables, transformers, motors, current-limiters and cryocoolers. Some of the new investigations have already revealed marvellous results, such as a 15 kW motor, low AC loss coils, low AC loss cables, etc

Present status and future prospect of coated conductor development and its application in Japan

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Shiohara, Y; Yoshizumi, M; Izumi, T [Superconductivity Research Laboratory-ISTEC, 10-13 Shinonome 1-Chome, Koto-ku, Tokyo 135-0062 (Japan); Yamada, Y [Nagoya Coated Conductor Center, Superconductivity Research Laboratory-ISTEC, (c-o) Japan Fine Ceramics Center, 4-1 Mutsuno 2-Chome, Atsuta-ku, Nagoya 456-8587 (Japan)], E-mail: shiohara@istec.or.jp

2008-03-01

The current national project on coated conductors using Y-system superconductors has been carried out over the project period (FY2003-FY2007). In this paper, the current status and the future prospect of this project are reviewed. The high performance tape development group, consisting of Fujikura and SRL-NCCC, has worked on the tape by PLD-REBCO superconducting layers on PLD-CeO{sub 2}/IBAD-GZO buffered substrates. A high product of I{sub c} and L, higher than 112 166 A m, was achieved in a 368 m-304.8 A GdBCO tape whose I{sub c} value is mostly above 350 A/cm in width. The performance under magnetic field was also improved up to 42 A at 3 T in a GdBCO short film with doping of ZrO{sub 2}. 61 m long GdBCO tape with ZrO{sub 2} doping showed a high I{sub c} value of 220 A at self field and 30 A at 3 T. On the other hand, another group focusing on low production cost has worked on TFA-MOD and MOCVD processes. The extremely high I{sub c} value of 735 A/cm-w was obtained in TFA-MOD films on PLD-CeO{sub 2}/IBAD-GZO/Hastelloy substrate due to the effect of Ba-poor nominal composition. In efforts towards long tape production by the SWCC group, a 200 m long tape with a high I{sub c} value of 200 A/cm-w was obtained using a batch-type furnace. The I{sub c} x L value of this tape was 40 000 A m, which is the highest value in the world obtained by the TFA-MOD process. Based on the above achievements in coated conductor process development, two new additional goals were set in the project. One is the development of extremely low cost tape and the other is the development of the basic technologies for making electric power devices of cables, transformers, motors, current-limiters and cryocoolers. Some of the new investigations have already revealed marvellous results, such as a 15 kW motor, low AC loss coils, low AC loss cables, etc.

Dimensionering af stålrammebygninger mod kipning

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Borchersen, E.; Frederiksen, J.O.; Skov, K.

Rapporten beskriver en metode til dimensionering af stålrammebygninger mod kipning. Metoden er baseret dels på elasticitetsteoretiske overvejelser, dels på forsøg udført med 3-charniers stålrammmer i fuld skala....

ZnSe thin films by chemical bath deposition method

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lokhande, C.D.; Patil, P.S.; Tributsch, H. [Hahn-Meitner-Institute, Bereich Physikalische Chemie, Abt. CS, Glienicker Strasse-100, D-14109 Berlin (Germany); Ennaoui, A. [Hahn-Meitner-Institute, Bereich Physikalische Chemie, Abt. CG, Glienicker Strasse-100, D-14109 Berlin (Germany)

1998-09-04

The ZnSe thin films have been deposited onto glass substrates by the simple chemical bath deposition method using selenourea as a selenide ion source from an aqueous alkaline medium. The effect of Zn ion concentration, bath temperature and deposition time period on the quality and thickness of ZnSe films has been studied. The ZnSe films have been characterized by XRD, TEM, EDAX, TRMC (time-resolved microwave conductivity), optical absorbance and RBS techniques for their structural, compositional, electronic and optical properties. The as-deposited ZnSe films are found to be amorphous, Zn rich with optical band gap, Eg, equal to 2.9 eV

Solution-deposited CIGS thin films for ultra-low-cost photovoltaics

Science.gov (United States)

Eldada, Louay A.; Hersh, Peter; Stanbery, Billy J.

2010-09-01

We describe the production of photovoltaic modules with high-quality large-grain copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS) thin films obtained with the unique combination of low-cost ink-based precursors and a reactive transfer printing method. The proprietary metal-organic inks contain a variety of soluble Cu-, In- and Ga- multinary selenide materials; they are called metal-organic decomposition (MOD) precursors, as they are designed to decompose into the desired precursors. Reactive transfer is a two-stage process that produces CIGS through the chemical reaction between two separate precursor films, one deposited on the substrate and the other on a printing plate in the first stage. In the second stage, these precursors are rapidly reacted together under pressure in the presence of heat. The use of two independent thin films provides the benefits of independent composition and flexible deposition technique optimization, and eliminates pre-reaction prior to the synthesis of CIGS. In a few minutes, the process produces high quality CIGS films, with large grains on the order of several microns, and preferred crystallographic orientation, as confirmed by compositional and structural analysis by XRF, SIMS, SEM and XRD. Cell efficiencies of 14% and module efficiencies of 12% were achieved using this method. The atmospheric deposition processes include slot die extrusion coating, ultrasonic atomization spraying, pneumatic atomization spraying, inkjet printing, direct writing, and screen printing, and provide low capital equipment cost, low thermal budget, and high throughput.

Lower hybrid wave edge power loss quantification on the Alcator C-Mod tokamak

Science.gov (United States)

Faust, I. C.; Brunner, D.; LaBombard, B.; Parker, R. R.; Terry, J. L.; Whyte, D. G.; Baek, S. G.; Edlund, E.; Hubbard, A. E.; Hughes, J. W.; Kuang, A. Q.; Reinke, M. L.; Shiraiwa, S.; Wallace, G. M.; Walk, J. R.

2016-05-01

For the first time, the power deposition of lower hybrid RF waves into the edge plasma of a diverted tokamak has been systematically quantified. Edge deposition represents a parasitic loss of power that can greatly impact the use and efficiency of Lower Hybrid Current Drive (LHCD) at reactor-relevant densities. Through the use of a unique set of fast time resolution edge diagnostics, including innovative fast-thermocouples, an extensive set of Langmuir probes, and a Lyα ionization camera, the toroidal, poloidal, and radial structure of the power deposition has been simultaneously determined. Power modulation was used to directly isolate the RF effects due to the prompt ( t Radiofrequency (LHRF) power. LHRF power was found to absorb more strongly in the edge at higher densities. It is found that a majority of this edge-deposited power is promptly conducted to the divertor. This correlates with the loss of current drive efficiency at high density previously observed on Alcator C-Mod, and displaying characteristics that contrast with the local RF edge absorption seen on other tokamaks. Measurements of ionization in the active divertor show dramatic changes due to LHRF power, implying that divertor region can be a key for the LHRF edge power deposition physics. These observations support the existence of a loss mechanism near the edge for LHRF at high density ( n e > 1.0 × 10 20 (m-3)). Results will be shown addressing the distribution of power within the SOL, including the toroidal symmetry and radial distribution. These characteristics are important for deducing the cause of the reduced LHCD efficiency at high density and motivate the tailoring of wave propagation to minimize SOL interaction, for example, through the use of high-field-side launch.

International Code Assessment and Applications Program: Summary of code assessment studies concerning RELAP5/MOD2, RELAP5/MOD3, and TRAC-B

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Schultz, R.R.

1993-12-01

Members of the International Code Assessment Program (ICAP) have assessed the US Nuclear Regulatory Commission (USNRC) advanced thermal-hydraulic codes over the past few years in a concerted effort to identify deficiencies, to define user guidelines, and to determine the state of each code. The results of sixty-two code assessment reviews, conducted at INEL, are summarized. Code deficiencies are discussed and user recommended nodalizations investigated during the course of conducting the assessment studies and reviews are listed. All the work that is summarized was done using the RELAP5/MOD2, RELAP5/MOD3, and TRAC-B codes

Scaling criteria and an assessment of Semiscale Mod-3 scaling for small-break loss-of-coolant transients

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Larson, T.K.; Anderson, J.L.; Shimeck, D.J.

1982-01-01

Various methods of scaling fluid thermal-hydraulic test facilities and their relative merits and disadvantages are examined in light of nuclear reactor safety considerations. Particular emphasis is placed on examination of the scaling of the Semiscale Mod-3 system and determination of thermal-hydraulic phenomena thought to be important during a small break loss-of-coolant accident in a pressurized water nuclear reactor. The influence of geometric and dynamic scaling concerns in the Mod-3 system on small break behavior are addressed from an engineering viewpoint and corrective measures contemplated or required to make results from Semiscale tests more meaningful relative to expected PWR response are discussed

Hardness Enhancement of STS304 Deposited with Yttria Stabilized Zirconia by Aerosol Deposition Method

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lim, Il-Ho; Park, Chun-Kil; Kim, Hyung Sun; Jeong, Dea-Yong [Inha University, Incheon (Korea, Republic of); Lee, Yong-Seok [Sodoyeon Co., Yeoju (Korea, Republic of); Kong, Young-Min [University of Ulsan, Ulsan (Korea, Republic of); Kang, Kweon Ho [Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Daejeon (Korea, Republic of)

2016-03-15

To improve the surface hardness of the STS304, Yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ) films with nano-sized grain were deposited by an aerosol-deposition (AD) method. Coating layers showed dense structure and had -5µm thickness. When 3 mol% YSZ powders with tetragonal phase were deposited on STS304 substrate, tetragonal structure was transformed to cubic structure due to the high impact energy during the AD process. At the same time, strong impact by YSZ particles allowed the austenite phase in STS304 to be transformed into martensite phase. Surface hardness measured with nano indentor showed that YSZ coated film had 11.5 GPa, which is larger value than 7 GPa of STS304.

Calculation of design load for the MOD-5A 7.3 mW wind turbine system

Science.gov (United States)

Mirandy, L.; Strain, J. C.

1995-01-01

Design loads are presented for the General Electric MOD-SA wind turbine. The MOD-SA system consists of a 400 ft. diameter, upwind, two-bladed, teetered rotor connected to a 7.3 mW variable-speed generator. Fatigue loads are specified in the form of histograms for the 30 year life of the machine, while limit (or maximum) loads have been derived from transient dynamic analysis at critical operating conditions. Loads prediction was accomplished using state of the art aeroelastic analyses developed at General Electric. Features of the primary predictive tool - the Transient Rotor Analysis Code (TRAC) are described in the paper. Key to the load predictions are the following wind models: (1) yearly mean wind distribution; (2) mean wind variations during operation; (3) number of start/shutdown cycles; (4) spatially large gusts; and (5) spatially small gusts (local turbulence). The methods used to develop statistical distributions from load calculations represent an extension of procedures used in past wind programs and are believed to be a significant contribution to Wind Turbine Generator analysis. Test/theory correlations are presented to demonstrate code load predictive capability and to support the wind models used in the analysis. In addition MOD-5A loads are compared with those of existing machines. The MOD-5A design was performed by the General Electric Company, Advanced Energy Program Department, under Contract DEN3-153 with NASA Lewis Research Center and sponsored by the Department of Energy.

Perspectives d’avenir du modèle autrichien

OpenAIRE

Neisser, Heinrich

2018-01-01

Plusieurs de ceux qui m’ont précédé ont déjà décrit des éléments de ce modèle autrichien qui suscite beaucoup d’intérêt à l’étranger, mais qui – et cela aussi a été signalé un certain nombre de fois – ne peut pas être transposé dans sa totalité à d’autres pays. De tels modèles concrets pour la solution de conflits sociaux naissent à partir d’un certain contexte historique. Ils se développent de manière pragmatique, c’est-à-dire pour résoudre, le mieux possible, des problèmes qui se posent à u...

Preliminary validation of RELAP5/Mod4.0 code for LBE cooled NACIE facility

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kumari, Indu; Khanna, Ashok, E-mail: akhanna@iitk.ac.in

2017-04-01

Highlights: • Detail discussion of thermo physical properties of Lead Bismuth Eutectic incorporated in the code RELAP5/Mod4.0 included. • Benchmarking of LBE properties in RELAP5/Mod4.0 against literature. • NACIE facility for three different power levels (10.8, 21.7 and 32.5 kW) under natural circulation considered for benchmarking. • Preliminary validation of the LBE properties against experimental data. • NACIE facility for power level 22.5 kW considered for validation. - Abstract: The one-dimensional thermal hydraulic computer code RELAP5 was developed for thermal hydraulic study of light water reactor as well as for nuclear research reactors. The purpose of this work is to evaluate the code RELAP5/Mod4.0 for analysis of research reactors. This paper consists of three major sections. The first section presents detailed discussions on thermo-physical properties of Lead Bismuth Eutectic (LBE) incorporated in RELAP5/Mod4.0 code. In the second section, benchmarking of RELAP5/Mod4.0 has been done with the Natural Circulation Experimental (NACIE) facility in comparison with Barone’s simulations using RELAP5/Mod3.3. Three different power levels (10.8 kW, 21.7 kW and 32.5 kW) under natural circulation conditions are considered. Results obtained for LBE temperatures, temperature difference across heat section, pin surface temperatures, mass flow rates and heat transfer coefficients in heat section heat exchanger are in agreement with Barone’s simulation results within 7% of average relative error. Third section presents validation of RELAP5/Mod4.0 against the experimental data of NACIE facility performed by Tarantino et al. test number 21 at power of 22.5 kW comparing the profiles of temperatures, mass flow rate and velocity of LBE. Simulation and experimental results agree within 7% of average relative error.

Improved guidelines for RELAP4/MOD6 reflood calculations

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Chen, T.H.; Fletcher, C.D.

1980-01-01

Computer simulations were performed for an extensive selection of forced- and gravity-feed reflood experiments. This effort was a portion of the assessment procedure for the RELAP4/MOD6 thermal hydraulic computer code. A common set of guidelines, based on recommendations from the code developers, was used in determining the model and user-selected input options for each calculation. The comparison of code-calculated and experimental data was then used to assess the capability of the RELAP4/MOD6 code to model the reflood phenomena. As a result of the assessment, the guidelines for determining the user-selected input options were improved

Freeform Deposition Method for Coolant Channel Closeout

Science.gov (United States)

Gradl, Paul R. (Inventor); Reynolds, David Christopher (Inventor); Walker, Bryant H. (Inventor)

2017-01-01

A method is provided for fabricating a coolant channel closeout jacket on a structure having coolant channels formed in an outer surface thereof. A line of tangency relative to the outer surface is defined for each point on the outer surface. Linear rows of a metal feedstock are directed towards and deposited on the outer surface of the structure as a beam of weld energy is directed to the metal feedstock so-deposited. A first angle between the metal feedstock so-directed and the line of tangency is maintained in a range of 20-90.degree.. The beam is directed towards a portion of the linear rows such that less than 30% of the cross-sectional area of the beam impinges on a currently-deposited one of the linear rows. A second angle between the beam and the line of tangency is maintained in a range of 5-65 degrees.

Quantifying black carbon deposition over the Greenland ice sheet from forest fires in Canada: BC DEPOSITION FROM FOREST FIRES

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Thomas, J. L. [LATMOS/IPSL, UPMC University Paris 6 Sorbonne Universités, UVSQ, CNRS, Paris France; Polashenski, C. M. [USACE-CRREL, Fort Wainwright Alaska USA; Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover New Hampshire USA; Soja, A. J. [National Institute of Aerospace, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton Virginia USA; Marelle, L. [Center for International Climate and Environmental Research-Oslo (CICERO), Oslo Norway; Casey, K. A. [Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover New Hampshire USA; Cryospheric Sciences Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt Maryland USA; Choi, H. D. [National Institute of Aerospace, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton Virginia USA; Raut, J. -C. [LATMOS/IPSL, UPMC University Paris 6 Sorbonne Universités, UVSQ, CNRS, Paris France; Wiedinmyer, C. [National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder Colorado USA; Emmons, L. K. [National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder Colorado USA; Fast, J. D. [Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland Washington USA; Pelon, J. [LATMOS/IPSL, UPMC University Paris 6 Sorbonne Universités, UVSQ, CNRS, Paris France; Law, K. S. [LATMOS/IPSL, UPMC University Paris 6 Sorbonne Universités, UVSQ, CNRS, Paris France; Flanner, M. G. [Department of Climate and Space Sciences and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor Michigan USA; Dibb, J. E. [Earth Systems Research Center, EOS, University of New Hampshire, Durham New Hampshire USA

2017-08-05

We identify an important Black Carbon (BC) aerosol deposition event that was observed in snow stratigraphy and dated to between 27 July 2013 – 2 August 2013. This event comprises a significant portion (~60%) of total deposition over a 10 month period (July 2013 – April 2014). Here we link this event to forest fires burning in Canada during summer 2013 using modeling and remote sensing tools. Aerosols were detected by both the CALIOP and MODIS instruments during transport between Canada and Greenland, confirming that this event involved emissions from forest fires in Canada. We use high-resolution regional chemical transport mod-eling (WRF-Chem) combined with high-resolution fire emissions (FINNv1.5) to study aerosol emissions, transport, and deposition during this event. The model accurately captures the timing of the BC deposition event and shows that the major contribution to deposition during this event is emissions originating from fires in Canada. However, the model under-predicts aerosol deposition compared to measurements at all sites by a factor of 2–100. Under-prediction of modeled BC deposition originates from uncertainties in fire emissions combined with uncertainties in aerosol scavenging by clouds. This study suggests that it is possible to describe the transport of an exceptional smoke event on regional and continental scales. Improvements in model descriptions of precipitation scavenging and emissions from wildfires are needed to correctly predict deposition, which is critical for determining the climate impacts of aerosols that originate from fires.

An evaluation of TRAC-PF1/MOD1 computer code performance during posttest simulations of Semiscale MOD-2C feedwater line break transients

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hall, D.G.; Watkins, J.C.

1987-01-01

This report documents an evaluation of the TRAC-PF1/MOD1 reactor safety analysis computer code during computer simulations of feedwater line break transients. The experimental data base for the evaluation included the results of three bottom feedwater line break tests performed in the Semiscale Mod-2C test facility. The tests modeled 14.3% (S-FS-7), 50% (S-FS-11), and 100% (S-FS-6B) breaks. The test facility and the TRAC-PF1/MOD1 model used in the calculations are described. Evaluations of the accuracy of the calculations are presented in the form of comparisons of measured and calculated histories of selected parameters associated with the primary and secondary systems. In addition to evaluating the accuracy of the code calculations, the computational performance of the code during the simulations was assessed. A conclusion was reached that the code is capable of making feedwater line break transient calculations efficiently, but there is room for significant improvements in the simulations that were performed. Recommendations are made for follow-on investigations to determine how to improve future feedwater line break calculations and for code improvements to make the code easier to use

Disruption Warning Database Development and Exploratory Machine Learning Studies on Alcator C-Mod

Science.gov (United States)

Montes, Kevin; Rea, Cristina; Granetz, Robert

2017-10-01

A database of about 1800 shots from the 2015 campaign on the Alcator C-Mod tokamak is assembled, including disruptive and non-disruptive discharges. The database consists of 40 relevant plasma parameters with data taken from 160k time slices. In order to investigate the possibility of developing a robust disruption prediction algorithm that is tokamak-independent, we focused machine learning studies on a subset of dimensionless parameters such as βp, n /nG , etc. The Random Forests machine learning algorithm provides insight on the available data set by ranking the relative importance of the input features. Its application on the C-Mod database, however, reveals that virtually no one parameter has more importance than any other, and that its classification algorithm has a low rate of successfully predicted samples, as well as poor false positive and false negative rates. Comparing the analysis of this algorithm on the C-Mod database with its application to a similar database on DIII-D, we conclude that disruption prediction may not be feasible on C-Mod. This conclusion is supported by empirical observations that most C-Mod disruptions are caused by radiative collapse due to molybdenum from the first wall, which happens on just a 1-2ms timescale. Supported by the US Dept. of Energy under DE-FC02-99ER54512 and DE-FC02-04ER54698.

TRAC-PF1/MOD1 independent assessment: Semiscale Mod-2A intermediate break test S-IB-3

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kmetyk, L.N.

1986-02-01

The TRAC-PF1/MOD1 independent assessment project at Sandia National Laboratories is part of an overall effort funded by the NRC to determine the ability of various system codes to predict the detailed thermal/hydraulic response of light water reactors during accident and off-normal conditions. The TRAC code is being assessed at SNLA against test data from various integral and separate effects test facilities. As part of this assessment matrix, an intermediate break test (S-IB-3), performed at the Semiscale Mod-2A facility, has been analyzed. Using an input model with a 3-D VESSEL component, the vessel and downcomer inventories during 3-IB-3 were generally well predicted, but the core heatup was underpredicted compared to data. An equivalent calculation with an all 1-D input model ran about twice as fast as our basecase analysis using a 3-D VESSEL in the input model, but the results of the two calculations diverged significantly for many parameters of interest, with the 3-D VESSEL model results in better agreement with data. 22 refs., 100 figs

Autres modèles de prestation de services publics dans les ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Les écrits sur la prestation de services publics à l'aide de modèles différents ont porté jusqu'à maintenant sur des endroits très précis. Ils ont par ailleurs été circonscrits à des secteurs donnés et ont manqué d'uniformité sur le plan méthodologique. Ce projet vise à analyser les modèles de prestation de services de santé, ...

Evaluation of the MODS culture technique for the diagnosis of tuberculous meningitis.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Maxine Caws

2007-11-01

Full Text Available Tuberculous meningitis (TBM is a devastating condition. The rapid instigation of appropraite chemotherapy is vital to reduce morbidity and mortality. However rapid diagnosis remains elusive; smear microscopy has extremely low sensitivity on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF in most laboratories and PCR requires expertise with advanced infrastructure and has sensitivity of only around 60% under optimal conditions. Neither technique allows for the microbiological isolation of M. tuberculosis and subsequent drug susceptibility testing. We evaluated the recently developed microscopic observation drug susceptibility (MODS assay format for speed and accuracy in diagnosing TBM.Two hundred and thirty consecutive CSF samples collected from 156 patients clinically suspected of TBM on presentation at a tertiary referal hospital in Vietnam were enrolled into the study over a five month period and tested by Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN smear, MODS, Mycobacterial growth Indicator tube (MGIT and Lowenstein-Jensen (LJ culture. Sixty-one samples were from patients already on TB therapy for >1day and 19 samples were excluded due to untraceable patient records. One hundred and fifty samples from 137 newly presenting patients remained. Forty-two percent (n = 57/137 of patients were deemed to have TBM by clinical diagnostic and microbiological criteria (excluding MODS. Sensitivity by patient against clinical gold standard for ZN smear, MODS MGIT and LJ were 52.6%, 64.9%, 70.2% and 70.2%, respectively. Specificity of all microbiological techniques was 100%. Positive and negative predictive values for MODS were 100% and 78.7%, respectively for HIV infected patients and 100% and 82.1% for HIV negative patients. The median time to positive was 6 days (interquartile range 5-7, significantly faster than MGIT at 15.5 days (interquartile range 12-24, and LJ at 24 days (interquartile range 18-35 days (P<0.01.We have shown MODS to be a sensitive, rapid technique for the diagnosis of TBM with

Indium sulfide buffer layers deposited by dry and wet methods

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Asenjo, B.; Sanz, C.; Guillen, C.; Chaparro, A.M.; Gutierrez, M.T.; Herrero, J.

2007-01-01

Indium sulfide (In 2 S 3 ) thin films have been deposited on amorphous glass, glass coated by tin oxide (TCO) and crystalline silicon substrates by two different methods: modulated flux deposition (MFD) and chemical bath deposition (CBD). Composition, morphology and optical characterization have been carried out with Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), IR-visible-UV Spectrophotometry, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer. Different properties of the films have been obtained depending on the preparation techniques. With MFD, In 2 S 3 films present more compact and homogeneous surface than with CBD. Films deposited by CBD present also indium oxide in their composition and higher absorption edge values when deposited on glass

Preliminary assessment of PWR Steam Generator modelling in RELAP5/MOD3

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Preece, R.J.; Putney, J.M.

1993-07-01

A preliminary assessment of Steam Generator (SG) modelling in the PWR thermal-hydraulic code RELAP5/MOD3 is presented. The study is based on calculations against a series of steady-state commissioning tests carried out on the Wolf Creek PWR over a range of load conditions. Data from the tests are used to assess the modelling of primary to secondary side heat transfer and, in particular, to examine the effect of reverting to the standard form of the Chen heat transfer correlation in place of the modified form applied in RELAP5/MOD2. Comparisons between the two versions of the code are also used to show how the new interphase drag model in RELAP5/MOD3 affects the calculation of SG liquid inventory and the void fraction profile in the riser

Machine Learning Methods for Identifying Composition of Uranium Deposits in Kazakhstan

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Kuchin Yan

2017-12-01

Full Text Available The paper explores geophysical methods of wells survey, as well as their role in the development of Kazakhstan’s uranium deposit mining efforts. An analysis of the existing methods for solving the problem of interpreting geophysical data using machine learning in petroleum geophysics is made. The requirements and possible applications of machine learning methods in regard to uranium deposits of Kazakhstan are formulated in the paper.

Isotropic and anisotropic pinning in TFA-grown YBa2Cu3O7−x films with BaZrO3 nanoparticles

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Palau, A; Llordés, A; Puig, T; Obradors, X; Bartolomé, E

2011-01-01

YBCO films grown by the trifluoroacetate (TFA) method with increasing number of BaZrO 3 (BZO) nanoparticles have been measured by in-field angular transport measurements to investigate changes in the pinning landscape. The isotropic and anisotropic contributions to the critical current density, J c (H), with the magnetic field applied in H||c and H||ab orientation have been determined, allowing us to characterize the population of isotropic and correlated defects along the c axis and ab planes. First, the influence of the YBCO oxygenation process on the formation of different sorts of anisotropic defects in standard films is demonstrated. Next, we show that the addition of non-coherent BZO nanoparticles to the YBCO matrix produces an expansion of the single-vortex pinning regime toward higher fields, due to the presence of isotropic pinning centers. Moreover, by increasing the amount of isotropic defects in the BZO nanocomposites it is possible to extend the region dominated by strong isotropic pinning centers to large magnetic fields and thus enhance the irreversibility line.

Method for in situ carbon deposition measurement for solid oxide fuel cells

Science.gov (United States)

Kuhn, J.; Kesler, O.

2014-01-01

Previous methods to measure carbon deposition in solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) anodes do not permit simultaneous electrochemical measurements. Electrochemical measurements supplemented with carbon deposition quantities create the opportunity to further understand how carbon affects SOFC performance and electrochemical impedance spectra (EIS). In this work, a method for measuring carbon in situ, named here as the quantification of gasified carbon (QGC), was developed. TGA experiments showed that carbon with a 100 h residence time in the SOFC was >99.8% gasified. Comparison of carbon mass measurements between the TGA and QGC show good agreement. In situ measurements of carbon deposition in SOFCs at varying molar steam/carbon ratios were performed to further validate the QGC method, and suppression of carbon deposition with increasing steam concentration was observed, in agreement with previous studies. The technique can be used to investigate in situ carbon deposition and gasification behavior simultaneously with electrochemical measurements for a variety of fuels and operating conditions, such as determining conditions under which incipient carbon deposition is reversible.

Betænkning om Indsatsen mod ungdomskriminalitet

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Reimann, Johan; Balvig, Flemming; Bay, Jens

Kommissionen foretager i betænkningen en samlet gennemgang af indsatsen mod ungdomskriminalitet og præsenterer på grundlag heraf en række forslag til, hvordan indsatsen kan styrkes med henblik på at gøre den så målrettet og virkningsfuld som mulig. Til brug for sine overvejelser har kommissionen...... overvejelser og forslag vedrørende indsatsen mod ungdomskriminalitet omfatter dels den forebyggende indsats, dels reaktionen på kriminalitet, der begås af børn og unge. På baggrund af erfaringerne fra eksisterende tiltag fremhæver kommissionen generelt den tidlige, helhedsorienterede, tværsektorielle og...... sammenhængende kriminalitetsforebyggende indsats som den væsentligste, hvis man for alvor ønsker at sætte effektivt ind for at begrænse ungdomskriminaliteten. Derudover stiller kommissionen en lang række forslag om konkrete tiltag med henblik på at styrke henholdsvis den forebyggende indsats og reaktionen på...

Evaluation of Microscopic Observation Drug Susceptibility (MODS) and the string test for rapid diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis in HIV/AIDS patients in Bolivia.

Science.gov (United States)

Lora, Meredith H; Reimer-McAtee, Melissa J; Gilman, Robert H; Lozano, Daniel; Saravia, Ruth; Pajuelo, Monica; Bern, Caryn; Castro, Rosario; Espinoza, Magaly; Vallejo, Maya; Solano, Marco; Challapa, Roxana; Torrico, Faustino

2015-06-06

Tuberculosis (TB) is the most common opportunistic infection and the leading cause of death in HIV-positive people worldwide. Diagnosing TB is difficult, and is more challenging in resource-scarce settings where culture-based diagnostic methods rely on poorly sensitive smear microscopy by Ziehl-Neelsen stain (ZN). We performed a cross-sectional study examining the diagnostic utility of Microscopic Observation Drug Susceptibility liquid culture (MODS) versus traditional Ziehl-Neelsen staining (ZN) and Lowenstein Jensen culture (LJ) of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) and multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDRTB) in HIV-infected patients in Bolivia. For sputum scarce individuals we assessed the value of the string test and induced sputum for TB diagnosis. The presence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) in the sputum of 107 HIV-positive patients was evaluated by ZN, LJ, and MODS. Gastric secretion samples obtained by the string test were evaluated by MODS in 102 patients. The TB-HIV co-infection rate of HIV patients with respiratory symptoms by sputum sample was 45 % (48/107); 46/48 (96 %) were positive by MODS, 38/48 (79 %) by LJ, and 30/48 (63 %) by ZN. The rate of MDRTB was 9 % (4/48). Median time to positive culture was 10 days by MODS versus 34 days by LJ (p Bolivia.

GEOLOGICAL-GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION OF THE BAUXITE DEPOSITS APPLICATION OF THE SHALLOW SEIZMIC REFLECTION METHOD

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ivan Dragičević

1991-12-01

Full Text Available The exploration of bauxite deposits in the region of the carbonaceous Dinarides has been performed by using different geological and geophysical methods. Deposits laying shallower or deeper below the roof sediments have so far most often been discovered by expensive drilling methods in a corresponding grid. Complex geological explorations have led to a series of valuable data thus enabling the application of other much more economical methods as well. In the region of the bauxite sedimentary basin Mesihovina-Rakitno, western Herzegovina, at the site of Studena vrila - after extensive geological explorations - a conclusion was drawn that the shallow seismic reflection geophysical method as well might be successfully applied in locating new bauxite deposits. In the paper, the geological framework of the bauxite deposits occurrences, stipulating the selection of this methode, will be presented. Measurements were performed on a known deposit (L-84, Povaljenica, completely defined by exploration drilling. The obtained results justify the selection of the shallow seismic reflection method as one of the methods for exploring bauxite deposits beneath the roof beds.

Relap4/SAS/Mod5 - A version of Relap4/Mod 5 adapted to IPEN/CNEN - SP computer center

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sabundjian, G.

1988-04-01

In order to improve the safety of nuclear reactor power plants several computer codes have been developed in the area of thermal - hydraulics accident analysis. Among the public-available codes, RELAP4, developed by Aerojet Nuclear Company, has been the most popular one. RELAP4 has produced satisfactory results when compared to most of the available experimental data. The purposes of the present work are: optimization of RELAP4 output and messages by writing there information in temporary records, - display of RELAP4 results in graphical form through the printer. The sample problem consists on a simplified model of a 150 MW (e) PWR whose primary circuit is simulated by 6 volumes, 8 junctions and 1 heat slab. This new version of RELAP4 (named RELAP4/SAS/MOD5) have produced results which show that the above mentioned purposes have been reached. Obviously the graphical output by RELAP4/SAS/MOD5 favors the interpretation of results by the user. (author) [pt

Qualification of the AUTOBUS Mod. 2 Code

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ciarniello, U.; Peroni, P.

1988-01-01

The paper presents the qualification of AUTOBUS MOD.2 code. After a brief description of the code itself, all the critical experiments simulated by the code are illustrated to prove the accuracy of criticality calculation and power distribution. An interpretation of the results and a conclusion close this presentation

Measured and modeled dry deposition velocities over the ESCOMPTE area

Science.gov (United States)

Michou, M.; Laville, P.; Serça, D.; Fotiadi, A.; Bouchou, P.; Peuch, V.-H.

2005-03-01

Measurements of the dry deposition velocity of ozone have been made by the eddy correlation method during ESCOMPTE (Etude sur Site pour COntraindre les Modèles de Pollution atmosphérique et de Transport d'Emissions). The strong local variability of natural ecosystems was sampled over several weeks in May, June and July 2001 for four sites with varying surface characteristics. The sites included a maize field, a Mediterranean forest, a Mediterranean shrub-land, and an almost bare soil. Measurements of nitrogen oxide deposition fluxes by the relaxed eddy correlation method have also been carried out at the same bare soil site. An evaluation of the deposition velocities computed by the surface module of the multi-scale Chemistry and Transport Model MOCAGE is presented. This module relies on a resistance approach, with a detailed treatment of the stomatal contribution to the surface resistance. Simulations at the finest model horizontal resolution (around 10 km) are compared to observations. If the seasonal variations are in agreement with the literature, comparisons between raw model outputs and observations, at the different measurement sites and for the specific observing periods, are contrasted. As the simulated meteorology at the scale of 10 km nicely captures the observed situations, the default set of surface characteristics (averaged at the resolution of a grid cell) appears to be one of the main reasons for the discrepancies found with observations. For each case, sensitivity studies have been performed in order to see the impact of adjusting the surface characteristics to the observed ones, when available. Generally, a correct agreement with the observations of deposition velocities is obtained. This advocates for a sub-grid scale representation of surface characteristics for the simulation of dry deposition velocities over such a complex area. Two other aspects appear in the discussion. Firstly, the strong influence of the soil water content to the plant

Nd3-xBixFe4GaO12 (x = 2, 2.5 films on glass substrates prepared by MOD method

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Yoshida T.

2014-07-01

Full Text Available We studied Nd3-XBiXFe4GaO12 films to obtain perpendicular magnetic anisotropy as well as large Faraday effect. NdBi2Fe4GaO12 (Bi2:NIGG and Nd0.5Bi2.5Fe4GaO12 (Bi2.5:NIGG films were obtained on Nd2BiFe4GaO12 (Bi1:NIGG layer prepared on glass substrates by metal-organic decomposition (MOD method. Bi2:NIGG and Bi2.5:NIGG films showed large Faraday rotation angles of 7.5 and 10.5 degree/µm, at a wavelength of 520 nm, respectively. Those films have perpendicular magnetic anisotropy with a coercivity of 350 Oe and a saturation magnetic field of 730 Oe.

A Mixed Methods Study of Teach for America Teachers' Mathematical Beliefs, Knowledge, and Classroom Teaching Practices during a Reform-Based University Mathematics Methods Course

Science.gov (United States)

Swars, Susan Lee

2015-01-01

This mixed methods study examined the mathematical preparation of elementary teachers in a Teach for America (TFA) program, focal participants for whom there is scant extant research. Data collection occurred before and after a university mathematics methods course, with a particular focus on the participants' (n = 22) mathematical beliefs,…

Mod-2 wind turbine system concept and preliminary design report. Volume 1: Executive summary

Science.gov (United States)

1979-01-01

The configuration development of the MOD-2 wind turbine system is presented. The MOD-2 is design optimized for commercial production rates which, in multi-unit installations, will be integrated into a utility power grid and achieve a cost of electricity at less than 4 cents per kilowatt hour.

PREPARING OF THE CHAMELEON COATING BY THE ION JET DEPOSITION METHOD

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jakub Skocdopole

2017-07-01

Full Text Available Preparation of chameleon coatings using an Ionized Jet Deposition (IJD technique is reported in the present paper. IJD is a new flexible method for thin film deposition developed by Noivion, Srl. The chameleon coatings are thin films characterised by a distinct change of their tribological properties according to the external conditions. The deposited films of SiC and TiN materials were examined by the Raman spectroscopy, SEM and XPS. The results of the Raman spectroscopy have proved an amorphous structure of SiC films. The data from XPS on TiN films have shown that the films are heavily oxidized, but also prove that the films are composed of TiN and pure Ti. The SEM provided information about the size of grains and particles constituting the deposited films, which is important for tribological properties of the films. Deposition of the chameleon coating is very complex problem and IJD could be ideal method for preparation of this coating.

Critical current density and microwave surface resistance of 5-cm-diameter YBCO films on LaAlO3 substrates prepared by MOD using an infrared image furnace

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Manabe, T.; Kondo, W.; Yamaguchi, I.; Sohma, M.; Tsuchiya, T.; Tsukada, K.; Mizuta, S.; Kumagai, T.

2005-01-01

Inductive critical current density (J c ) and microwave surface resistance (R s ) were investigated for 0.7-μm-thick epitaxial YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7-y (YBCO) films on 5-cm-diameter LaAlO 3 substrates prepared by a chemical solution-based metal organic deposition (MOD) process using an infrared image furnace. By varying the heating rate at ramp during the final heat treatment, we obtained various orientations of YBCO; the c- and a-axis orientation at a slower rate, i.e., 20-100 deg C/min while the pure c-axis orientation at a faster rate, 200 deg C/min. The c-axis-oriented YBCO films showed excellent superconducting properties; for example, a high inductive-J c (77 K) of 2.6 MA/cm 2 and low R s (12 GHz)'s of 0.24 and 0.52 mΩ at 50 and 77 K, respectively, by a sapphire rod resonator method. The c- and a-axis-oriented films exhibited a lower J c and a higher R s . It was found that the J c and R s values of MOD-derived YBCO films showed a strong correlation; approximately, R s is inversely proportional to J c . This correlation is in good agreement with a previous report by Ohshima et al. for sputtered-YBCO films on BaSnO 3 -buffered MgO substrates

The alcator C-MOD control system

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bosco, J.; Fairfax, S.

1992-01-01

The Alcator C-MOD experiment includes over 30 engineering and diagnostic subsystems. The control system hardware and software is a mixture of custom and commercial products which includes sensors, signal conditioners, hard-wired controls, programmable logic controllers, displays, a hybrid analog/digital computer, networked personal computers, and networked VAX workstations. This paper describes the computer-based portions of the control system. The control system coordinates all C-MOD systems including power, vacuum, heating and cooling, access control, plasma shape and position control, and diagnostics. Programmable logic controllers (PLC's) are located near each subsystem. The control room is isolated by fiber optics. Functions that are essential to personnel or equipment safety (e.g. access control) are implemented in hardwired logic and monitored but not controlled by the PLC's. The initial configuration will include over 25 Allen-Bradley PLC-5 units. The PLCs in each subsystem are connected to personal computers (PC's) in the control room. The PC's provide graphical displays and operator interface. The Pc's are networked and share process data with each other and with a master control console and a large mimic panel

Calculation of pre and post-test of the third. proposed standard problem exercise, for the PMK-NVH-IAEA experiment using the RELAP4/MOD5 and RELAP5/MOD1

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Neves Conti, T. das; Sabundjian, G.; Oliveira Neto, J.M. de

1992-01-01

The results of RELAP4/MOD5 and RELAP5/MOD1 modeling tests against the steam generator tube rupture experiments performed at PMK-NVH Experimental Loop Facility (IAEA-Standard Problem Exercise-3) are presented in the report. The pre and post-test results, when compared against the experimental data were satisfactorily good, except a discrepancy in the steam-generator relief valve opening time. (author)

Working methods experimentation: Bauzot deposit, Bauzot and La Faye deposits - Empty room with initial thin veins sub-layers

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Paucard, A.

1959-01-01

The Bauzot deposit was one of the first small CEA workings, and thus served as a guinea-pig for the testing of several working methods. The lessons learned at Bauzot render the rapid choice of a suitable method for the working of large CEA deposits possible. Reprint from 2 papers published in 'Revue de l'Industrie Minerale', vol. 40, n. 12, dec 1958, and Nov 1958, p. 831-843 [fr

Three-dimensional Simulation of Gas Conductance Measurement Experiments on Alcator C-Mod

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Stotler, D.P.; LaBombard, B.

2004-01-01

Three-dimensional Monte Carlo neutral transport simulations of gas flow through the Alcator C-Mod subdivertor yield conductances comparable to those found in dedicated experiments. All are significantly smaller than the conductance found with the previously used axisymmetric geometry. A benchmarking exercise of the code against known conductance values for gas flow through a simple pipe provides a physical basis for interpreting the comparison of the three-dimensional and experimental C-Mod conductances

Active vibration control for piezoelectricity cantilever beam: an adaptive feedforward control method

Science.gov (United States)

Zhu, Qiao; Yue, Jun-Zhou; Liu, Wei-Qun; Wang, Xu-Dong; Chen, Jun; Hu, Guang-Di

2017-04-01

This work is focused on the active vibration control of piezoelectric cantilever beam, where an adaptive feedforward controller (AFC) is utilized to reject the vibration with unknown multiple frequencies. First, the experiment setup and its mathematical model are introduced. Due to that the channel between the disturbance and the vibration output is unknown in practice, a concept of equivalent input disturbance (EID) is employed to put an equivalent disturbance into the input channel. In this situation, the vibration control can be achieved by setting the control input be the identified EID. Then, for the EID with known multiple frequencies, the AFC is introduced to perfectly reject the vibration but is sensitive to the frequencies. In order to accurately identify the unknown frequencies of EID in presence of the random disturbances and un-modeled nonlinear dynamics, the time-frequency-analysis (TFA) method is employed to precisely identify the unknown frequencies. Consequently, a TFA-based AFC algorithm is proposed to the active vibration control with unknown frequencies. Finally, four cases are given to illustrate the efficiency of the proposed TFA-based AFC algorithm by experiment.

Formation of nanoparticles and defects in YBa{sub 2}Cu{sub 3}O{sub 7-{delta}} prepared by the metal organic deposition process

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Goswami, R. [Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375 (United States); SAIC, Washington, DC 20003 (United States)], E-mail: goswami@anvil.nrl.navy.mil; Holtz, R.L. [Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375 (United States); Rupich, M.W. [American Superconductors Inc., Westborough, MA 01581 (United States); Spanos, G. [Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375 (United States)

2007-11-15

Nanoparticles and defects have been investigated using transmission electron microscopy in fully reacted YBa{sub 2}Cu{sub 3}O{sub 7-{delta}} (YBCO), prepared by the metal-organic deposition (MOD) process. Two types of particles, Y{sub 2}O{sub 3} and CuY{sub 2}O{sub 5}, ranging from 10 to 100 nm, have been observed in the YBCO matrix. The YBCO contains a large number of planar defects and a considerable number of (1 1 0) rotational twins. Details of the nanoparticles and defects in the MOD-processed YBCO films are presented in this paper.

BLOW.MOD2: program for a vessel depressurization calculation with the contribution of structures

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Doval, A.

1990-01-01

The BLOW.MOD2 program developed to calculate pressure vessels' depressurization is presented, considering heat contribution of the structures. The results are opposite to those obtained from other more complex numerical models, being the comparison extremely satisfactory. BLOW.MOD2 is a software of the 'Systems Sub-Branch', INVAP S.E. (Author) [es

Analysis of the OECD-LOFT International Standard Problem 31 using SCDAP/RELAP5/MOD3

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hohorst, J.K.; Allison, C.M.

1992-01-01

The CORA-13 bundle heating and melting experiment performed at the Kernforechungszentrum, Karlaruhe, (KfK) was analyzed at the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory (INEL) using SCDAP/RELAP5/MOD3. This analysis was part of a systematic assessment of SCDAP/RELAP5/MOD3 for the US Nuclear Regulatory Commission to (a) evaluate the variances between calculated and observed behavior, (b) identify outstanding modeling deficiencies, and (c) to evaluate the impact of ongoing modeling improvements. A brief discussion of the CORA-13 experiment including a description of the facility, important test conditions, and comparisons with other CORA experimental conditions and results is provided in this report. This report describes the results of the SCDAP/RELAPS/MOD3 analysis including a description of the SCDAP/RELAPS model of the facility, base case results, sensitivity results, and a comparison with other SCDAP/RELAP5/MOD3 code-to-data comparisons

Clustered atom-replaced structure in single-crystal-like metal oxide

Science.gov (United States)

Araki, Takeshi; Hayashi, Mariko; Ishii, Hirotaka; Yokoe, Daisaku; Yoshida, Ryuji; Kato, Takeharu; Nishijima, Gen; Matsumoto, Akiyoshi

2018-06-01

By means of metal organic deposition using trifluoroacetates (TFA-MOD), we replaced and localized two or more atoms in a single-crystalline structure having almost perfect orientation. Thus, we created a new functional structure, namely, clustered atom-replaced structure (CARS), having single-crystal-like metal oxide. We replaced metals in the oxide with Sm and Lu and localized them. Energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy results, where the Sm signal increases with the Lu signal in the single-crystalline structure, confirm evidence of CARS. We also form other CARS with three additional metals, including Pr. The valence number of Pr might change from 3+ to approximately 4+, thereby reducing the Pr–Ba distance. We directly observed the structure by a high-angle annular dark-field image, which provided further evidence of CARS. The key to establishing CARS is an equilibrium chemical reaction and a combination of additional larger and smaller unit cells to matrix cells. We made a new functional metal oxide with CARS and expect to realize CARS in other metal oxide structures in the future by using the above-mentioned process.

Influence of deposition rate on the properties of tin coatings deposited on tool steels using arc method

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Akhtar, P.; Abbas, M.

2007-01-01

Titanium nitride (TiN) widely used as hard coating material, was coated on tool steels, namely on high-speed steel (HSS) and D2 tool steel by physical vapour deposition method. The study concentrated on cathodic arc physical vapour deposition (CAPVD), a technique used for the deposition of hard coatings for tooling applications, and which has many advantages. The main drawback of this technique, however, is the formation of macrodroplets (MD's) during deposition, resulting in films with rougher morphology. Various standard characterization techniques and equipment, such as electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, hardness testing machine, scratch tester and pin-on-disc machine, were used to analyze and quantify the following properties and parameters, surface morphology, thickness, hardness, adhesion and coefficient of friction (COF) of the deposited coatings. Surface morphology revealed that the MD's produced during the etching stage, protruded through the thin film, resulting in film with deteriorated surface features. Both coating thickness and indentation loads influenced the hardness of the deposited coatings. The coatings deposited on HSS exhibit better adhesion compared to those on D2 tool steel. Standard deviation indicates that the coating deposited with thickness around 6.7 macro m showed the most stable trend of COF versus sliding distance. (author)

Standard test method for determining atmospheric chloride deposition rate by wet candle method

CERN Document Server

American Society for Testing and Materials. Philadelphia

2002-01-01

1.1 This test method covers a wet candle device and its use in measuring atmospheric chloride deposition (amount of chloride salts deposited from the atmosphere on a given area per unit time). 1.2 Data on atmospheric chloride deposition can be useful in classifying the corrosivity of a specific area, such as an atmospheric test site. Caution must be exercised, however, to take into consideration the season because airborne chlorides vary widely between seasons. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Cathodoluminescence characteristics of polycrystalline diamond films grown by cyclic deposition method

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Seo, Soo-Hyung; Park, Chang-Kyun; Park, Jin-Seok

2002-01-01

Polycrystalline diamond films were deposited using a cyclic deposition method where the H 2 plasma for etching (t E ) and the CH 4 +H 2 plasma for growing (t G ) are alternately modulated with various modulation ratios (t E /t G ). From the measurement of full width at half maximum and I D /I G intensity ratio obtained from the Raman spectra, it was found that diamond defects and non-diamond carbon phases were reduced a little by adopting the cyclic deposition method. From the cathodoluminescence (CL) characteristics measured for deposited films, the nitrogen-related band (centered at approximately 590 nm) as well as the so-called band-A (centered at approximately 430 nm) were observed. As the cyclic ratio t E /t G increased, the relative intensity ratio of band-A to nitrogen-related band (I A /I N ) was found to monotonically decrease. In addition, analysis of X-ray diffraction spectra and scanning electron microscope morphologies showed that CL characteristics of deposited diamond films were closely related to their crystal orientations and morphologies

Long Term Retention of Deuterium and Tritium in Alcator C-Mod

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

FIORE, C.; LABOMBARD, B.; LIPSCHULTZ, B.; PITCHER, C.S.; SKINNER, C.H.; WAMPLER, WILLIAM R.

1999-01-01

We estimate the total in-vessel deuterium retention in Alcator C-Mod from a run campaign of about 1090 plasmas. The estimate is based on measurements of deuterium retained on 22 molybdenum tiles from the inner wall and divertor. The areal density of deuterium on the tiles was measured by nuclear reaction analysis. From these data, the in-vessel deuterium inventory is estimated to be about 0.1 gram, assuming the deuterium coverage is toroidally symmetric. Most of the retained deuterium is on the walls of the main plasma chamber, only about 2.5% of the deuterium is in the divertor. The D coverage is consistent with a layer saturated by implantation with ions and charge-exchange neutrals from the plasma. This contrasts with tokamaks with carbon plasma-facing components (PFC's) where long-term retention of tritium and deuterium is large and mainly in the divertor due to codeposition with carbon eroded by the plasma. The low deuterium retention in the C-Mod divertor is mainly due to the absence of carbon PFC's in C-Mod and the low erosion rate of Mo

RELAP5/MOD3 code manual: Code structure, system models, and solution methods. Volume 1

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

1995-08-01

The RELAP5 code has been developed for best estimate transient simulation of light water reactor coolant systems during postulated accidents. The code models the coupled behavior of the reactor coolant system and the core for loss-of-coolant accidents, and operational transients, such as anticipated transient without scram, loss of offsite power, loss of feedwater, and loss of flow. A generic modeling, approach is used that permits simulating a variety of thermal hydraulic systems. Control system and secondary system components are included to permit modeling of plant controls, turbines, condensers, and secondary feedwater systems. RELAP5/MOD3 code documentation is divided into seven volumes: Volume I provides modeling theory and associated numerical schemes

Control of substrate oxidation in MOD ceramic coating on low-activation ferritic steel with reduced-pressure atmosphere

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Tanaka, Teruya, E-mail: teru@nifs.ac.jp; Muroga, Takeo

2014-12-15

Highlights: • A Cr{sub 2}O{sub 3} layer was produced on a ferritic steel substrate with a reduced-pressure. • The Cr{sub 2}O{sub 3} layer prevents further substrate oxidation in following coating process. • The Cr{sub 2}O{sub 3} layer has a function as a hydrogen permeation barrier. • A smooth MOD Er{sub 2}O{sub 3} coating was successfully made on the Cr{sub 2}O{sub 3} layer by dip coating. • The Cr{sub 2}O{sub 3} layer would enhance flexibility in MOD coating process and performances. - Abstract: An Er{sub 2}O{sub 3} ceramic coating fabricated using the metal–organic decomposition (MOD) method on a Cr{sub 2}O{sub 3}-covered low-activation ferritic steel JLF-1 substrate was examined to improve hydrogen permeation barrier performance of the coating. The Cr{sub 2}O{sub 3} layer was obtained before coating by heat treating the substrate at 700 °C under reduced pressures of <5 × 10{sup −3} Pa and 5 Pa. The Cr{sub 2}O{sub 3} layer was significantly stable even with heat treatment at 700 °C in air. This layer prevented further production of Fe{sub 2}O{sub 3}, which has been considered to degrade coating performance. An MOD Er{sub 2}O{sub 3} coating with a smooth surface was successfully obtained on a Cr{sub 2}O{sub 3}-covered JLF-1 substrate by dip coating followed by drying and baking. Preprocessing to obtain a Cr{sub 2}O{sub 3} layer would provide flexibility in the coating process for blanket components and ducts. Moreover, the Cr{sub 2}O{sub 3} layer suppressed hydrogen permeation through the JLF-1 substrate. While further optimization of the coating fabrication process is required, it would be possible to suppress hydrogen permeation significantly by multilayers of Cr{sub 2}O{sub 3} and MOD oxide ceramic.

64 Application d'un modèle conceptuel et d'un modèle de réseaux ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

PR BOKO

Application of a conceptual model and a model of artificial neural networks for the ... évaluer l'impact hydrologique d'un aménagement d'un bassin ou pour ... une catégorie de modèles pluie–débit basée sur l'intelligence artificielle [4]. ..... et D.P. SOLOMATINE, « River flow forecasting using Artificial Neuronal Networks”.

The mechanical spectra of deposited materials by a composite reed vibration method

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ying, X.N.; Zhang, L.; Yuan, Y.H.

2010-01-01

Recently a composite reed vibration method has been designed to measure the mechanical spectra (complex Young's modulus) of materials from liquid to solid state. The mechanical spectra of materials can be obtained from a composite system consisting of a substrate reed and of materials deposited on it. In this report, two sets of formulas to calculate the mechanical spectra of deposited materials are further analyzed. The proof is given for the previous named 'approximate formulas' (labeled as Formula II). Then the composite reed vibration method can be safely used as an extension of the mechanical spectrum method of the thin solid film. At the same time, some comments are made on previous analytical formulas (labeled as Formula I). At last, more experiments with a small amount of deposited materials are performed. It is found that smaller quantity is more favorable to achieve the intrinsic mechanical spectra of deposited materials.

MOD control center automated information systems security evolution

Science.gov (United States)

Owen, Rich

1991-01-01

The role of the technology infusion process in future Control Center Automated Information Systems (AIS) is highlighted. The following subject areas are presented in the form of the viewgraphs: goals, background, threat, MOD's AISS program, TQM, SDLC integration, payback, future challenges, and bottom line.

THE IMPROVEMENT OF THE EXCAVATION METHODS IN BAUXITE DEPOSITS

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Borislav Perić

1990-12-01

Full Text Available The underground bauxite excavation in Yugoslavia is getting more important recently due to gradual exploitation of shallow deposits. The main excavation method is sublevel caving method. That technology of exploitation is characterized by high excavation loosses reaching even to 50% due to mixing of bauxite with waste. By beds with competent limestone roof which are not liable to direct caving are formed unplanned open spaces so the work safety is often dangercd by sudden caving. That was the reason for carrying out the observations in situ and investigations on mathematical models to define boundary of excavated space stability. This investigation were the basis for the new conception of further excavation of the »Jukići-Didare« mine with the application of even three exploitation methods maximally adapted to the characteristics of the remaining part of deposit.

Vold mod førskolebørn

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Oldrup, Helene; Lindstrøm, Maia; Korzen, Sara

Denne rapport handler om praksis og barrierer for opsporing af og underretning om vold mod førskolebørn. Rapporten er baseret på 22 kvalitative interviews med fagfolk inden for dagpasning, sundhedsvæsen og det sociale system. Undersøgelsen viser bl.a., at en del af fagfolkene ofte tøver med at un...

RETRAN02/MOD02: an outside perspective

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wei, T.Y.C.

1984-03-01

ANL recently participated in a review of the RETRAN02/MOD02 code to determine the range of accuracy, the reliability and the reproducibility of results obtained with the code for Chapter 15 non-LOCA system transients for both pressurized water reactors (PWRs) and boiling water reactors (BWRs). This paper summarizes the technical aspects of that review

Irradiation hardening of Mod.9Cr-1Mo steel

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ryu, Woo-Seog; Kim, Sung-Ho; Choo, Kee-Nam; Kim, Do-Sik

2009-01-01

An irradiation test of Mod.9Cr-1Mo steel was carried out in the OR5 test hole of HANARO of a 30 MW thermal power at 390±10degC up to a fast neutron fluence of 4.4x10 19 (n/cm 2 ) (E > 1.0 MeV). The dpa of the irradiated specimens was evaluated to be 0.034 - 0.07. Tensile and impact tests of the irradiated Mod.9Cr-1Mo were done in the hot cell of the IMEF. The change of the tensile strength by irradiation was similar to the change of the yield strength. The increase of the yield and tensile strengths was up to 18% and 10% respectively. The elongation reduction of the weldment was up to 65%. (author)

Thermal fatigue crack growth tests and analyses of thick wall cylinder made of Mod.9Cr–1Mo steel

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Wakai, Takashi, E-mail: wakai.takashi@jaea.go.jp [Japan Atomic Energy Agency, 4002 Narita-cho Oarai, Ibaraki 3111393 (Japan); Inoue, Osamu [IX Knowledge Inc., 3-22-23 MSC Center Bldg, Kaigan Minato-ku, Tokyo 1080022 Japan (Japan); Ando, Masanori; Kobayashi, Sumio [Japan Atomic Energy Agency, 4002 Narita-cho Oarai, Ibaraki 3111393 (Japan)

2015-12-15

Highlights: • A thermal fatigue crack growth test was performed using Mod.9Cr–1Mo steel cylinder. • Axial/circumferential notches were machined on the inner surface of the cylinder. • Simplified analytical results were compared to the test data. • Crack length could not be predicted by the analyses because of crack conjunctions. • If there are no surface cracks, the calculations might agree with the observations. - Abstract: In Japan, the basic designing works for a demonstration plant of Japan Sodium cooled Fast Reactor (JSFR) are now conducted. JSFR is an advanced loop type reactor concept. To enhance the safety and the economic competitiveness, JSFR employs modified 9% chromium–1% molybdenum (Mod.9Cr–1Mo) steel as a material for coolant pipes and components, because the steel has both excellent high temperature strength and thermal properties. The steel has been standardized as a nuclear material in Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers (JSME) code in 2012. In JSFR pipes, demonstration of Leak Before Break (LBB) aspect is strongly expected because the safety assessment may be performed on the premise of leak rate where the LBB aspect is assured. Although the authors have already performed a series of thermal fatigue crack growth tests of austenitic stainless steel cylinders (Wakai et al., 2005), crack growth behavior in the structures made of Mod.9Cr–1Mo steel has not been investigated yet. Especially for the welded joints of Mod.9Cr–1Mo steel, “Type-IV” cracking may occur at heat affected zone (HAZ). Therefore, this study performed a series of thermal fatigue crack growth tests of thick wall cylinders made of Mod.9Cr–1Mo steel including welds, to obtain the crack growth data under cyclic thermal transients. The test results were compared to the analytical results obtained from JAEA's simplified methods (Wakai et al., 2005).

A method of quantitative prediction for sandstone type uranium deposit in Russia and its application

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Chang Shushuai; Jiang Minzhong; Li Xiaolu

2008-01-01

The paper presents the foundational principle of quantitative predication for sandstone type uranium deposits in Russia. Some key methods such as physical-mathematical model construction and deposits prediction are described. The method has been applied to deposits prediction in Dahongshan region of Chaoshui basin. It is concluded that the technique can fortify the method of quantitative predication for sandstone type uranium deposits, and it could be used as a new technique in China. (authors)

Application of mathematical methods to the investigation of uranium deposits

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Formery, P.; Ziegler, V.

1958-01-01

It may be considered approximately that grades, widths and accumulations (grade-width products), in french uranium deposits are distributed according to a lognormal law. This property associated to KRIGE'S and de WIGE'S formulae make a powerful tool in ore deposits surveys. The correlation between radioactivities and grades is realized, in logarithmic coordinates, through a straight line the properties of which are analysed in the paper. MATHERON'S recent works, in association with data of classical statistics and the above mentioned formulae make possible to complete the ore reserves evaluation by computing the accuracy. Statistical methods applied to ore deposits have given birth to a parameter which is as important as the mean grade for characterisation of deposits: the absolute dispersion. (author) [fr

Analysis of the reflood experiment by RELAP5/MOD2 code

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Prosek, A.; Stritar, A.

1990-01-01

The analysis of the reflood experiment on the test rig Achilles has been performed. The analysis has been done by the RELAP5/MOD2 code after the results of the experiment had been released. The experiment has been analyze in several other laboratories around the world. Our results are comparable to other analyses and are in the range of RELAP5/MOD2 capabilities. Two analyses have been done: the core only and the complete system. Computed clad temperatures in the first case are higher than measured, in the second case they are somewhat lower. (author)

Modélisation multi-échelles en viscoplasticité endommageable de composites thermoplastiques renforcés par des fibres discontinues

OpenAIRE

ACHOUR, Nadia; CHATZIGEORGIOU, George; BONNAY, Kevin; MERAGHNI, Fodil

2017-01-01

Un nouveau modèle multi-échelles en régime viscoplastique endommageable est développé pour un composite à matrice polypropylène renforcé par des fibres de verre courtes. Basé sur l’approche en champs moyens de Mori Tanaka, il intègre une matrice viscoplastique modélisée par un modèle phénoménologique nommé par ses auteurs DSGZ et des fibres de verres modélisées par un comportement élastique linéaire. Le modèle multi-échelles permet d’intégrer la microstructure du composite préalablement carac...

Élaborer un modèle d'équilibre général dynamique et stochastique ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Un éventail d'outils employés en économie appliquée, comme les modèles de série chronologique ou les modèles économétriques qui s'appuient sur des propriétés ... Ces dernières années, des recherches ont montré que les modèles estimés d'EGDS peuvent produire des prévisions d'une plus grande exactitude que les ...

A Comparison of Nuclear Power Plant Simulator with RELAP5/MOD3 code about Steam Generator Tube Rupture

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kim, Sung Hyun; Moon, Chan Ki; Park, Sung Baek; Na, Man Gyun

2013-01-01

The RELAP5/MOD3 code introduced in cooperation with U. S. NRC has been utilized mainly for validation calculation of accident analysis submitted by licensee in Korea. The Korea Institute of Nuclear Safety has built a verification system of LWR accident analysis with RELAP5/MOD3 code engine. Therefore, the simulator replicates the design basis accident and its results are compared with RELAP5/MOD3 code results that will have important implications in the verification of the simulator in the future. The SGTR simulations were performed by the simulator and its results were compared with ones by RELAP5/MOD3 code in this study. Thus, the results of this study can be used as materials to build the verification system of the nuclear power plant simulator. We tried to compare with RELAP5/MOD3 verification code by replicating major parameters of steam generator tube rupture using the simulator for OPR-1000 in Yonggwang training center. By comparing the changes in temperature, pressure and inventory of the reactor coolant system and main steam system during the SGTR, it was confirmed that the main behaviors of SGTR which the simulator and RELAP5/MOD3 code showed are similar. However, the behavior of SG pressure and level that are important parameters to diagnose the accident were a little different. We estimated that RELAP5/MOD3 code was not reflected the major control systems in detail, such as FWCS, SBCS and PPCS. The different behaviors of SG level and pressure in this study should be needed an additional review. As a result of the comparison, the major simulation parameters behavior by RELAP5/MOD3 code agreed well with the one by the simulator. Therefore, it is thought that RELAP5/MOD3 code is used as a tool for validation of NPP simulator in the near future through this study

Control of substrate oxidation in MOD cerawwwmic coating on low-activation ferritic steel with reduced-pressure atmosphere

Science.gov (United States)

Tanaka, Teruya; Muroga, Takeo

2014-12-01

An Er2O3 ceramic coating fabricated using the metal-organic decomposition (MOD) method on a Cr2O3-covered low-activation ferritic steel JLF-1 substrate was examined to improve hydrogen permeation barrier performance of the coating. The Cr2O3 layer was obtained before coating by heat treating the substrate at 700 °C under reduced pressures of baking. Preprocessing to obtain a Cr2O3 layer would provide flexibility in the coating process for blanket components and ducts. Moreover, the Cr2O3 layer suppressed hydrogen permeation through the JLF-1 substrate. While further optimization of the coating fabrication process is required, it would be possible to suppress hydrogen permeation significantly by multilayers of Cr2O3 and MOD oxide ceramic.

Chemical deposition methods using supercritical fluid solutions

Science.gov (United States)

Sievers, Robert E.; Hansen, Brian N.

1990-01-01

A method for depositing a film of a desired material on a substrate comprises dissolving at least one reagent in a supercritical fluid comprising at least one solvent. Either the reagent is capable of reacting with or is a precursor of a compound capable of reacting with the solvent to form the desired product, or at least one additional reagent is included in the supercritical solution and is capable of reacting with or is a precursor of a compound capable of reacting with the first reagent or with a compound derived from the first reagent to form the desired material. The supercritical solution is expanded to produce a vapor or aerosol and a chemical reaction is induced in the vapor or aerosol so that a film of the desired material resulting from the chemical reaction is deposited on the substrate surface. In an alternate embodiment, the supercritical solution containing at least one reagent is expanded to produce a vapor or aerosol which is then mixed with a gas containing at least one additional reagent. A chemical reaction is induced in the resulting mixture so that a film of the desired material is deposited.

Peer review of RELAP5/MOD3 documentation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Craddick, W.G.

1993-01-01

A peer review was performed on a portion of the documentation of the RELAP5/MOD3 computer code. The review was performed in two phases. The first phase was a review of Volume 3, Developmental Assessment problems, and Volume 4, Models and Correlations. The reviewers for this phase were Dr. Peter Griffith, Dr. Yassin Hassan, Dr. Gerald S. Lellouche, Dr. Marino di Marzo and Mr. Mark Wendel. The reviewers recommended a number of improvements, including using a frozen version of the code for assessment guided by a validation plan, better justification for flow regime maps and extension of models beyond their data base. The second phase was a review of Volume 6, Quality Assurance of Numerical Techniques in RELAP5/MOD3. The reviewers for the second phase were Mr. Mark Wendel and Dr. Paul T. Williams. Recommendations included correction of numerous grammatical and typographical errors and better justification for the use of Lax's Equivalence Theorem

RELAP 4/MOD 6 boiling water nodalization study

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sonneck, G.; Pfau, H.

1985-09-01

The risk of nuclear steam supply systems is dominated by the core melt accidents. The first step to a realistic assessment of these sequences is the successful prediction of a loss of coolant event in a test loop. One of the codes for that is RELAP 4/MOD 6 and one of the important options in this code is the nodalization. The base of this work is the test LOCA No. 1 FIX II in Studsvik (Sweden) which also served as the OECD International Standard Problem 15. This report discusses the influence of different nodalizations, of different distributions of pressure, water and structural heat as well as of different bubble rise options, break flow coefficients, and heat transfer time steps. The most important result is that a simple RELAP 4/MOD6 model with less than 10 volumes is able to predict an experiment as LOCA No. 1 in FIX II successfully using only a fraction of the usual computing time. (Author)

Transport Studies in Alcator C-Mod ITB Plasmas

Science.gov (United States)

Fiore, C. L.; Bonoli, P. T.; Ernst, D.; Greenwald, M. J.; Ince-Cushman, A.; Lin, L.; Marmar, E. S.; Porkolab, M.; Rice, J. E.; Wukitch, S.; Rowan, W.; Bespamyatnov, I.; Phillips, P.

2008-11-01

Internal transport barriers occur in C-Mod plasmas that have off-axis ICRF heating and also in Ohmic H-mode plasmas. These ITBs are marked by highly peaked density and pressure profiles, as they rely on a reduction of particle and thermal flux in the barrier region which allows the neoclassical pinch to peak the central density without reducing the central temperature. Enhancement of several core diagnostics has resulted in increased understanding of C-Mod ITBs. Ion temperature profile measurements have been obtained using an innovative design for x-ray crystal spectrometry and clearly show a barrier forming in the ion temperature profile. The phase contrast imaging (PCI) provides limited localization of the ITB related fluctuations that increase in strength as the central density increases. Simulation of triggering conditions, integrated simulations with fluctuation measurements, parametric studies, and transport implications of fully ionized boron impurity profiles in the plasma are under study. A summary of these results will be presented.

Modèles d'affaires ouverts : nouveaux mécanismes de revenus pour ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Ce projet de recherche vise à examiner les principaux modèles d'affaires qui émergent dans une société réseautée, les répercussions qu'ont ces modèles sur les droits des consommateurs et des créateurs et le rôle qu'ils peuvent jouer pour favoriser une plus grande inclusion et la diversité culturelle. Le projet se penchera ...

Standardissimo. Les limitations théoriques du Modèle Standard. Quelles réponses y apporter?

Science.gov (United States)

Renard, F. M.

Nous présentons I 'état du Modèle Standard des interactions fortes, faibles et électromagnétiques. Après une description rapide de ses 3 secteurs, secteur de jauge (radiation), secteur fermionique (matière) et secteur scalaire (génération des masses), nous insistons sur le grand nombre de paramètres libres et sur les choix arbitraires qu'il a fallu faire dans l'élaboration du modèle. Nous faisons ressortir les problèmes techniques non résolus et nous dressons la liste des questions fondamentales restées sans réponses. Nous passons ensuite en revue les idées et méthodes proposées pour répondre à ces questions. Elles utilisent essentiellement 3 voies différentes. La première consiste à requérir plus de symétrie (extension du modèle, symétrie Gauche-Droite, Grandes Unifications, Supersymétrie,...). La seconde contient les diverses alternatives au Modèle Standard impliquant des modifications dans certains secteurs (par exemple le secteur scalaire avec le modèle de la Technicouleur) ou de façon plus violente l'hypothèse d'une sous-structure des leptons, des quarks et des bosons W et Z eux-mêmes. Une dernière voie cherche à justifier les particularités du Modèle Standard et relier ses paramètres libres en se basant sur des principes de cohérence interne du modèle. Les conséquences observables de ces diverses approches sont dans chaque cas mentionnées.

Handbook of methods for acid-deposition studies. Laboratory analyses for soil chemistry

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Blume, L.J.; Schumacher, P.W.; Schaffer, K.A.; Cappo, K.A.; Papp, M.L.

1990-09-01

The handbook describes methods used to process and analyze soil samples. It is intended as a guidance document for groups involved in acid deposition monitoring activities similar to those implemented by the Aquatic Effects Research Program of the National Acid Precipitation Assessment Program. These methods were developed for use in the Direct/Delayed Response Project, a component project of the Aquatic Effects Research Program within the Office of Ecological Processes and Effects Research. The program addresses the following issues relating to the effects of acid deposition on aquatic ecosystems: The extent and magnitude of past change; The change to be expected in the future under various deposition scenarios; The maximum rates of deposition below which further change is not expected; and The rate of change or recovery of aquatic ecosystems if deposition rates are decreased. Chemical and physical parameters were measured during the Direct/Delayed Response Project and are described in the document

Mise en place d'une base de données pour une modélisation ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Mise en place d'une base de données pour une modélisation hydrologique distribuée du bassin versant du Bandama (Côte d'Ivoire) : apport d'un modèle numérique d'altitude, de la télédétection et du SIG Physitel.

Feasibility of using auto Mod-MPI system, a novel technique for automated measurement of fetal modified myocardial performance index.

Science.gov (United States)

Lee, M-Y; Won, H-S; Jeon, E-J; Yoon, H C; Choi, J Y; Hong, S J; Kim, M-J

2014-06-01

To evaluate the reproducibility of measurement of the fetal left modified myocardial performance index (Mod-MPI) determined using a novel automated system. This was a prospective study of 116 ultrasound examinations from 110 normal singleton pregnancies at 12 + 1 to 37 + 1 weeks' gestation. Two experienced operators each measured the left Mod-MPI twice manually and twice automatically using the Auto Mod-MPI system. Intra- and interoperator reproducibility were assessed using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) and the manual and automated measurements obtained by the more experienced operator were compared using Bland-Altman plots and ICCs. Both operators successfully measured the left Mod-MPI in all cases using the Auto Mod-MPI system. For both operators, intraoperator reproducibility was higher when performing automated measurements (ICC = 0.967 and 0.962 for Operators 1 and 2, respectively) than when performing manual measurements (ICC = 0.857 and 0.856 for Operators 1 and 2, respectively). Interoperator agreement was also better for automated than for manual measurements (ICC = 0.930 vs 0.723, respectively). There was good agreement between the automated and manual values measured by the more experienced operator. The Auto Mod-MPI system is a reliable technique for measuring fetal left Mod-MPI and demonstrates excellent reproducibility. Copyright © 2013 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

The role of turbulent suppression in the triggering ITBs on C-Mod

Science.gov (United States)

Zhurovich, K.; Fiore, C. L.; Ernst, D. R.; Bonoli, P. T.; Greenwald, M. J.; Hubbard, A. E.; Hughes, J. W.; Marmar, E. S.; Mikkelsen, D. R.; Phillips, P.; Rice, J. E.

2007-11-01

Internal transport barriers can be routinely produced in C-Mod steady EDA H-mode plasmas by applying ICRF at |r/a|>= 0.5. Access to the off-axis ICRF heated ITBs may be understood within the paradigm of marginal stability. Analysis of the Te profiles shows a decrease of R/LTe in the ITB region as the RF resonance is moved off axis. Ti profiles broaden as the ICRF power deposition changes from on-axis to off-axis. TRANSP calculations of the Ti profiles support this trend. Linear GS2 calculations do not reveal any difference in ETG growth rate profiles for ITB vs. non-ITB discharges. However, they do show that the region of stability to ITG modes widens as the ICRF resonance is moved outward. Non-linear simulations show that the outward turbulent particle flux exceeds the Ware pinch by factor of 2 in the outer plasma region. Reducing the temperature gradient significantly decreases the diffusive flux and allows the Ware pinch to peak the density profile. Details of these experiments and simulations will be presented.

Photo-catalytic studies of transition metal doped titanium dioxide thin films processed by metalorganic decomposition (MOD) method

Science.gov (United States)

Talagala, P.; Marko, X.; Padmanabhan, K. R.; Naik, R.; Rodak, D.; Cheng, Y. T.

2006-03-01

We have synthesized pure and transition element (Fe, Co and V) doped Titanium oxide thin films of thickness ˜ 350 nm on sapphire, Si, and stainless steel substrates by Metalorganic Decomposition (MOD) method. The films were subsequently annealed at appropriate temperatures ( 500-750C) to obtain either anatase or the rutile phase of TiO2. Analysis of the composition of the films were performed by energy dispersive X-ray(EDAX) and Rutherford backscattering spectrometry(RBS). Ion channeling was used to identify possible epitaxial growth of the films on sapphire. Both XRD and Raman spectra of the films exhibit that the films annealed at 550C are of anatase phase, while those annealed at 700C seem to prefer a rutile structure. The water contact angle measurements of the films before and after photoactivation, demonstrate a significant reduction in the contact angle for the anatase phase. However, the variation in contact angle was observed for films exposed to UV (<10^o-30^o) and dark (25^o-50^o). Films doped with Fe show a trend towards lower contact angle than those doped with Co. Results with films doped with V will also be included.

RELAP5/MOD2 implementation on various mainframes including the IBM and SX-2 supercomputer

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

DeForest, D.L.; Hassan, Y.A.

1987-01-01

The RELAP5/MOD2 (cycle 36.04) code is a one-dimensional, two-fluid, nonequilibrium, nonhomogeneous transient analysis code designed to simulate operational and accident scenarios in pressurized water reactors (PWRs). System models are solved using a semi-implicit finite difference method. The code was developed at EG and G in Idaho Falls under sponsorship of the US Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC). The major enhancement from RELAP5/MOD1 is the use of a six-equation, two-fluid nonequilibrium and nonhomogeneous model. Other improvements include the addition of a noncondensible gas component and the revision and addition of drag formulation, wall friction, and wall heat transfer. Several test cases were run to benchmark the IBM and SX-2 installations against the CDC computer and the CRAY-2 and CRAY/XMP. These included the Edward's pipe blow-down and two separate reflood cases developed to simulate the FLECHT-SEASET reflood test 31504 and a postcritical heat flux (CHF) test performed at Lehigh University

Improving containment mass and energy releases for CONTEMPT-LT/028 TU with RELAP5/MOD3

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

DaSilva, H.C.; Choe, W.G.

1996-01-01

In order to obtain boundary conditions for RELAP5/MOD3 best estimate (BE) large break (LB) loss-of-coolant accident (LOCA) calculations, it is necessary to utilize a separate containment analysis code CONTEMPT-LT/028 TU, which in turn accepts mass and energy releases from the RELAP5/MOD3 calculation. When these boundary conditions are obtained, they are observed to be significantly lower than those reported in FSAR containment analyses. This motivates the present study, where RELAP5/MOD3 mass and energy releases are generated using the same assumptions listed in the FSAR containment calculations. Then CONTEMPT-LT/028 TU pressures and temperatures calculated with both sets of mass and energy releases are compared. It is seen that those obtained with the RELAP5/MOD3 input are still significantly lower, indicating a level of conservatism in the FSAR mass and energy releases that is even above that explicitly listed and also incorporated into the RELAP5/MOD3 calculation. An important conclusion from this finding is that Environmental Qualification (EQ) issues requiring containment re-analyses are likely to be easily resolved if new mass and energy releases are calculated with state-of-the-art LOCA codes modeling the entire reactor coolant system, even when conservative assumptions are incorporated

Assessment and improvement of condensation model in RELAP5/MOD3

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Rho, Hui Cheon; Choi, Kee Yong; Park, Hyeon Sik; Kim, Sang Jae [Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Taejon (Korea, Republic of); Lee, Sang Il [Korea Power Engineering Co., Inc., Seoul (Korea, Republic of)

1997-07-15

The objective of this research is to remove the uncertainty of the condensation model through the assessment and improvement of the various heat transfer correlations used in the RELAP5/MOD3 code. The condensation model of the standard RELAP5/MOD3 code is systematically arranged and analyzed. A condensation heat transfer database is constructed from the previous experimental data on various condensation phenomena. Based on the constructed database, the condensation models in the code are assessed and improved. An experiment on the reflux condensation in a tube of steam generator in the presence of noncondensable gases is planned to acquire the experimental data.

Methods of exploitation of different types of uranium deposits

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

2000-09-01

Deposits are mined using three broad types of mining methods: open pit, underground and in situ leaching. This publication addresses all aspects of mining and milling methods for several types of deposits and provides information to assist in the selection process of methods and also considers what actions must be taken into account for obtaining regulatory approvals for a project and for final decommissioning and reclamation of a project. The objective of this publication is to provide a process of selections of methods for mining engineers and managers involved in modernising ongoing operations or considering opening new operations. Several practical examples are given. These guidelines can be consulted and used in many countries involved in uranium mining and milling operations. The examples where costs are given can also be adjusted to specific economic conditions of various countries. The authors are from four uranium producing countries. They bring diversified experience for all types of mining and milling operations from tile opening of a mine to the decommissioning of the complete operation

Methods of exploitation of different types of uranium deposits

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2000-09-01

Deposits are mined using three broad types of mining methods: open pit, underground and in situ leaching. This publication addresses all aspects of mining and milling methods for several types of deposits and provides information to assist in the selection process of methods and also considers what actions must be taken into account for obtaining regulatory approvals for a project and for final decommissioning and reclamation of a project. The objective of this publication is to provide a process of selections of methods for mining engineers and managers involved in modernising ongoing operations or considering opening new operations. Several practical examples are given. These guidelines can be consulted and used in many countries involved in uranium mining and milling operations. The examples where costs are given can also be adjusted to specific economic conditions of various countries. The authors are from four uranium producing countries. They bring diversified experience for all types of mining and milling operations from tile opening of a mine to the decommissioning of the complete operation.

Design of a New Optical System for Alcator C-Mod Motional Stark Effect Diagnostic

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ko, Jinseok; Scott, Steve; Bitter, Manfred; Lerner, Scott

2009-01-01

The motional Stark effect (MSE) diagnostic on Alcator C-Mod uses an in-vessel optical system (five lenses and three mirrors) to relay polarized light to an external polarimeter because port access limitations on Alcator C-Mod preclude a direct view of the diagnostic beam. The system experiences unacceptable, spurious drifts of order several degrees in measured pitch angle over the course of a run day. Recent experiments illuminated the MSE diagnostic with polarized light of fixed orientation as heat was applied to various optical elements. A large change in measured angle was observed as two particular lenses were heated, indicating that thermal-stress-induced birefringence is a likely cause of the spurious variability. Several new optical designs have been evaluated to eliminate the affected in-vessel lenses and to replace the focusing they provide with curved mirrors; however, ray tracing calculations imply that this method is not feasible. A new approach is under consideration that utilizes in situ calibrations with in-vessel reference polarized light sources. 2008 American Institute of Physics.

Method and system for near-field spectroscopy using targeted deposition of nanoparticles

Science.gov (United States)

Anderson, Mark S. (Inventor)

2012-01-01

There is provided in one embodiment of the invention a method for analyzing a sample material using surface enhanced spectroscopy. The method comprises the steps of imaging the sample material with an atomic force microscope (AFM) to select an area of interest for analysis, depositing nanoparticles onto the area of interest with an AFM tip, illuminating the deposited nanoparticles with a spectrometer excitation beam, and disengaging the AFM tip and acquiring a localized surface enhanced spectrum. The method may further comprise the step of using the AFM tip to modulate the spectrometer excitation beam above the deposited nanoparticles to obtain improved sensitivity data and higher spatial resolution data from the sample material. The invention further comprises in one embodiment a system for analyzing a sample material using surface enhanced spectroscopy.

Ammonia-free chemical bath method for deposition of microcrystalline cadmium selenide films

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lokhande, C.D.; Lee, Eun-Ho; Jung, Kwang-Deog; Joo, Oh-Shim

2005-01-01

Chemical deposition of cadmium selenide (CdSe) films has been carried out from alkaline aqueous solution containing Cd 2+ and Se 2- ions. In general, the alkaline pH of the CdSe deposition bath has been adjusted by addition of liquid ammonia. However, the use of ammonia in large-scale chemical deposition method represents an environmental problem due to its volatility and toxicity. The volatility of ammonia changes the pH of deposition bath and results into irreproducible film properties. In the present paper, ammonia-free and weak alkaline (pH < 9.0) chemical method for cadmium selenide film has been developed. The cadmium selenide films are microcrystalline (grain size 0.5-0.7 μm) with hexagonal crystal structure. These films are photoactive and therefore, useful in photo conversion of light into electrical power

Current status and future prospects of Japanese national project on coated conductor development and its applications

Science.gov (United States)

Shiohara, Y.; Yoshizumi, M.; Izumi, T.; Yamada, Y.

2008-09-01

Four years of the current five-year national project since 2003 for development of coated conductors using Y-system superconductors have passed and lots of remarkable results have been achieved. In this paper, the current status and the future prospect of this project are reviewed. The current national project comprises several groups of national laboratories, universities and private companies. The group of high performance tape development, consisting of Fujikura and SRL-NCCC, has worked on the tape by PLD-REBCO superconducting tapes on the PLD-CeO 2/IBAD-GZO buffered substrates. The high product of Ic and L equal to 112,166 A m was achieved in the 368 m-304.8 A GdBCO tape whose Ic value is mostly above 350 A/cm-w. The performance under the magnetic fields was also improved up to 42 A at 3 T in a GdBCO short film with doping of ZrO 2. About 61 m long GdBCO tape with ZrO 2 doping showed a high Ic value of 220 A at self field and 30 A at 3 T. On the other hand, the other group focusing on the low production cost has worked on processes of TFA-MOD and MOCVD, etc. The extremely high Ic value of 735 A/cm-w was attained in the TFA-MOD films on PLD-CeO 2/IBAD-GZO/Hastelloy C276 substrate by means of using the effect of Ba-poor nominal composition. In the efforts for long tape production, 200 m long tapes with high Ic values of 200 A/cm-w and 205 A/cm-w were obtained by MOD-YBCO/PLD-CeO 2/IBAD-GZO/Hastelloy C276 and PLD-HoBCO on buffered NiW substrate, respectively. The Ic × L value of the MOD-derived tape was 40,000 A m, which is the highest value in the world by the MOD process. Based on the above achievements on the coated conductor process development, two new additional goals were set in the project. One is the development for the extremely low cost tape and another is the development of the basic technologies for making the electric power devices including cables, transformers, motors, current-limiters and cryocoolers. Some of the new themes already revealed the

Current status and future prospects of Japanese national project on coated conductor development and its applications

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Shiohara, Y.; Yoshizumi, M.; Izumi, T.; Yamada, Y.

2008-01-01

Four years of the current five-year national project since 2003 for development of coated conductors using Y-system superconductors have passed and lots of remarkable results have been achieved. In this paper, the current status and the future prospect of this project are reviewed. The current national project comprises several groups of national laboratories, universities and private companies. The group of high performance tape development, consisting of Fujikura and SRL-NCCC, has worked on the tape by PLD-REBCO superconducting tapes on the PLD-CeO 2 /IBAD-GZO buffered substrates. The high product of I c and L equal to 112,166 A m was achieved in the 368 m-304.8 A GdBCO tape whose I c value is mostly above 350 A/cm-w. The performance under the magnetic fields was also improved up to 42 A at 3 T in a GdBCO short film with doping of ZrO 2 . About 61 m long GdBCO tape with ZrO 2 doping showed a high I c value of 220 A at self field and 30 A at 3 T. On the other hand, the other group focusing on the low production cost has worked on processes of TFA-MOD and MOCVD, etc. The extremely high I c value of 735 A/cm-w was attained in the TFA-MOD films on PLD-CeO 2 /IBAD-GZO/Hastelloy C276 substrate by means of using the effect of Ba-poor nominal composition. In the efforts for long tape production, 200 m long tapes with high I c values of 200 A/cm-w and 205 A/cm-w were obtained by MOD-YBCO/PLD-CeO 2 /IBAD-GZO/Hastelloy C276 and PLD-HoBCO on buffered NiW substrate, respectively. The I c x L value of the MOD-derived tape was 40,000 A m, which is the highest value in the world by the MOD process. Based on the above achievements on the coated conductor process development, two new additional goals were set in the project. One is the development for the extremely low cost tape and another is the development of the basic technologies for making the electric power devices including cables, transformers, motors, current-limiters and cryocoolers. Some of the new themes already

A possible method of carbon deposit mapping on plasma facing components using infrared thermography

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Mitteau, R.; Spruytte, J.; Vallet, S.; Travere, J.M.; Guilhem, D.; Brosset, C.

2007-01-01

The material eroded from the surface of plasma facing components is redeposited partly close to high heat flux areas. At these locations, the deposit is heated by the plasma and the deposition pattern evolves depending on the operation parameters. The mapping of the deposit is still a matter of intense scientific activity, especially during the course of experimental campaigns. A method based on the comparison of surface temperature maps, obtained in situ by infrared cameras and by theoretical modelling is proposed. The difference between the two is attributed to the thermal resistance added by deposited material, and expressed as a deposit thickness. The method benefits of elaborated imaging techniques such as possibility theory and fuzzy logics. The results are consistent with deposit maps obtained by visual inspection during shutdowns

A simple method to deposit palladium doped SnO2 thin films using plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition technique

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kim, Young Soon; Wahab, Rizwan; Shin, Hyung-Shik; Ansari, S. G.; Ansari, Z. A.

2010-01-01

This work presents a simple method to deposit palladium doped tin oxide (SnO 2 ) thin films using modified plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition as a function of deposition temperature at a radio frequency plasma power of 150 W. Stannic chloride (SnCl 4 ) was used as precursor and oxygen (O 2 , 100 SCCM) (SCCM denotes cubic centimeter per minute at STP) as reactant gas. Palladium hexafluroacetyleacetonate (Pd(C 5 HF 6 O 2 ) 2 ) was used as a precursor for palladium. Fine granular morphology was observed with tetragonal rutile structure. A peak related to Pd 2 Sn is observed, whose intensity increases slightly with deposition temperature. Electrical resistivity value decreased from 8.6 to 0.9 mΩ cm as a function of deposition temperature from 400 to 600 deg. C. Photoelectron peaks related to Sn 3d, Sn 3p3, Sn 4d, O 1s, and C 1s were detected with varying intensities as a function of deposition temperature.

Co-deposition methods for the fabrication of organic optoelectronic devices

Science.gov (United States)

Thompson, Mark E.; Liu, Zhiwei; Wu, Chao

2016-09-06

A method for fabricating an OLED by preparing phosphorescent metal complexes in situ is provided. In particular, the method simultaneously synthesizes and deposits copper (I) complexes in an organic light emitting device. Devices comprising such complexes may provide improved photoluminescent and electroluminescent properties.

Real-time sensing and gas jet mitigation of VDEs on Alcator C-Mod

Science.gov (United States)

Granetz, R. S.; Wolfe, S. M.; Izzo, V. A.; Reinke, M. L.; Terry, J. L.; Hughes, J. W.; Zhurovich, K.; Whyte, D. G.; Bakhtiari, M.; Wurden, G.

2006-10-01

Experiments have been carried out in Alcator C-Mod to test the effectiveness of gas jet disruption mitigation of VDEs with real-time detection and triggering by the C-Mod digital plasma control system (DPCS). The DPCS continuously computes the error in the plasma vertical position from the magnetics diagnostics. When this error exceeds an adjustable preset value, the DPCS triggers the gas jet valve (with a negligible latency time). The high-pressure gas (argon) only takes a few milliseconds to enter the vacuum chamber and begin affecting the plasma, but this is comparable to the VDE timescale on C-Mod. Nevertheless, gas jet injection reduced the halo current, increased the radiated power fraction, and reduced the heating of the divertor compared to unmitigated disruptions, but not quite as well as in earlier mitigation experiments with vertically stable plasmas. Presumably a faster overall response time would be beneficial, and several ways to achieve this will also be discussed.

Experiment data report for Semiscale Mod-1 Test S-05-1 (alternate ECC injection test)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Feldman, E.M.; Patton, M.L. Jr.; Sackett, K.E.

1977-02-01

Recorded test data are presented for Test S-05-1 of the Semiscale Mod-1 alternate ECC injection test series. These tests are among several Semiscale Mod-1 experiments conducted to investigate the thermal and hydraulic phenomena accompanying a hypothesized loss-of-coolant accident in a pressurized water reactor (PWR) system. Test S-05-1 was conducted from initial conditions of 2263 psia and 544 0 F to investigate the response of the Semiscale Mod-1 system to a depressurization and reflood transient following a simulated double-ended offset shear of the cold leg broken loop piping. During the test, cooling water was injected into the vessel lower plenum to simulate emergency core coolant injection in a PWR, with the flow rate based on system volume scaling

Power oscillation of the Mod-0 wind turbine

Science.gov (United States)

Seidel, R. C.

1978-01-01

The Mod-0 power has noise components with varying frequency patterns. Magnitudes reach more than forty percent power at the frequency of twice per rotor revolution. Analysis of a simple torsional model of the power train predicts less than half the observed magnitude and does not explain the shifting frequencies of the noise patterns.

Modélisation du comportement et des couplages HMC des milieux poreux

OpenAIRE

Hoang , Ha

2012-01-01

Modelling of the behavior and the couplings HMC of the porous circles; La modélisation du comportement hydromécanique chimique des milieux poreux saturés et non saturés est abordée au niveau microscopique et mésoscopique. Au niveau microscopique la modélisation des écoulements diphasiques est basée sur une représentation du réseau poral comme un ensemble de tubes dont les orientations et les rayons sont choisis sur un principe d’équivalence avec les pores. L’algorithme régissant la génération...

TRAC-PF1/MOD1 computer code

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Liles, D.R.; Mahaffy, J.H.

1984-01-01

The TRAC-P1 program was designed primarily for the analysis of large-break loss-of-coolant accidents (LOCAs) in pressurized water reactors (PWRs). Because of its versatility, however, it can be applied directly to many analyses ranging from blowdowns in simple pipes to integral LOCA tests in multiloop facilities. A refined version, called TRAC-P1A, was released to the National Energy Software Center (NESC) in March 1979. Although it still treats the same class of problems, TRAC-P1A is more efficient than TRAC-P1 and incorporates improved hydrodynamic and heat-transfer models. It also is easier to implement on various computers. TRAC-PD2 contains improved reflood and heat-transfer models and improvements in the numerical solution methods. Although a large LOCA code, it has been applied successfully to small-break problems and to the Three Mile Island incident. Distinguishing characteristics of the TRAC-PF1/MOD1 are summarized

Peer review of RELAP5/MOD3 documentation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Craddick, W.G.

1994-01-01

A peer review was performed on a portion of the documentation of the RELAP5/MOD3 computer code. The review was performed in two phases. The first phase was a review of Vol. III, Developmental Assessment Problems, and Vol. IV, Models and Correlations. The reviewers for this phase were Dr. Peter Griffith, Dr. Yassin Hassan, Dr. Gerald S. Lellouche, Dr. Marino di Marzo and Mr. Mark Wendel. The reviewers recommended a number of improvements, including using a frozen version of the code for assessment guided by a validation plan, better discussion of discrepancies between the code and experimental data, and better justification for flow regime maps and extension of models beyond their data base. The second phase was a review of Vol. VI, Quality Assurance of Numerical Techniques in RELAP5/MOD3. The reviewers for the second phase were Mr. Mark Wendel and Dr. Paul T. Williams. Recommendations included correction of numerous grammatical and typographical errors and better justification for the use of Lax's Equivalence Theorem

Investigation of RF-enhanced plasma potentials on Alcator C-Mod

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ochoukov, R.; Whyte, D.G.; Brunner, D.; Cziegler, I.; LaBombard, B.; Lipschultz, B.; Myra, J.; Terry, J.; Wukitch, S.

2013-01-01

Radio frequency (RF) sheath rectification is a leading mechanism suspected of causing anomalously high erosion of plasma facing materials in RF-heated plasmas on Alcator C-Mod. An extensive experimental survey of the plasma potential (Φ P ) in RF-heated discharges on C-Mod reveals that significant Φ P enhancement (>100 V) is found on outboard limiter surfaces, both mapped and not mapped to active RF antennas. Surfaces that magnetically map to active RF antennas show Φ P enhancement that is, in part, consistent with the recently proposed slow wave rectification mechanism. Surfaces that do not map to active RF antennas also experience significant Φ P enhancement, which strongly correlates with the local fast wave intensity. In this case, fast wave rectification is a leading candidate mechanism responsible for the observed enhancement

Comparison of three methods for determination of N-nitrosopyrrolidine in fried dry-cured bacon.

Science.gov (United States)

Gates, R A; Pensabene, J W; Fiddler, W

1984-01-01

The recently developed Eastern Regional Research Center ( ERRC ) dry column chromatographic procedure for determining N-nitrosopyrrolidine (NPYR) in fried cure-pumped bacon was evaluated for its applicability to fried dry-cured bacon. The method was then compared with 2 established procedures for volatile nitrosamine analysis in cured meat products: the multidetection thermal energy analyzer (MD) method and the mineral oil distillation (MOD) screening procedure. No significant difference (P less than 0.05) in NPYR values was found between the ERRC and MD procedures, but significant differences were found between the ERRC and MOD procedures and between the MOD and MD procedures. No artifactual nitrosamine formation was found in the ERRC procedure, but significant amounts were found in samples analyzed by the MOD procedure. The ERRC method was demonstrated to be rugged and very rapid. It is proposed that the ERRC method replace the MOD method as the official screening procedure for NPYR in fried bacon.

Primes of the form x2 + dy2 with x ≡ 0(mod N)

Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

A Mersenne prime Mp = 2p −1 is a quadratic residue of 7 if and only if p ≡ 1(mod 3). In such cases Mp ≡ 1(mod 7) ... if the norm of Mp,α is a rational prime, then Mp,α is a quadratic residue of 7. Then it is proved that, for ..... [13] Vaugham T P, The construction of unramified cyclic quartic extension of Q(. √ m),. Math. Comput.

Study of MOD control system in ECRH

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Su Yu; Liu Baohua; Ding Tonghai; Kuang Guangli

2005-01-01

High-voltage power supply (HVPS) is one of the important components in ECRH (Electron Cyclotron Resonance Heating). The MOD (modulator) control system is a key of the operation of HVPS and the whole system. The background and principium is introduced in this paper, especially the detail of the hardware and software of the control system is shown. The experiment, that shows stability, accuracy and reliability had reached the expected goal. (authors)

Experiments and Simulations of ITER-like Plasmas in Alcator C-Mod

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wilson, R.; Kessel, C.E.; Wolfe, S.; Hutchinson, I.H.; Bonoli, P.; Fiore, C.; Hubbard, A.E.; Hughes, J.; Lin, Y.; Ma, Y.; Mikkelsen, D.; Reinke, M.; Scott, S.; Sips, A.C.C.; Wukitch, S.

2010-01-01

Alcator C-Mod is performing ITER-like experiments to benchmark and verify projections to 15 MA ELMy H-mode Inductive ITER discharges. The main focus has been on the transient ramp phases. The plasma current in C-Mod is 1.3 MA and toroidal field is 5.4 T. Both Ohmic and ion cyclotron (ICRF) heated discharges are examined. Plasma current rampup experiments have demonstrated that (ICRF and LH) heating in the rise phase can save voltseconds (V-s), as was predicted for ITER by simulations, but showed that the ICRF had no effect on the current profile versus Ohmic discharges. Rampdown experiments show an overcurrent in the Ohmic coil (OH) at the H to L transition, which can be mitigated by remaining in H-mode into the rampdown. Experiments have shown that when the EDA H-mode is preserved well into the rampdown phase, the density and temperature pedestal heights decrease during the plasma current rampdown. Simulations of the full C-Mod discharges have been done with the Tokamak Simulation Code (TSC) and the Coppi-Tang energy transport model is used with modified settings to provide the best fit to the experimental electron temperature profile. Other transport models have been examined also.

A study of the dispersed flow interfacial heat transfer model of RELAP5/MOD2.5 and RELAP5/MOD3

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Andreani, M. [Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich (Switzerland); Analytis, G.T.; Aksan, S.N. [Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen (Switzerland)

1995-09-01

The model of interfacial heat transfer for the dispersed flow regime used in the RELAP5 computer codes is investigated in the present paper. Short-transient calculations of two low flooding rate tube reflooding experiments have been performed, where the hydraulic conditions and the heat input to the vapour in the post-dryout region were controlled for the predetermined position of the quench front. Both RELAP5/MOD2.5 and RELAP5/MOD3 substantially underpredicted the exit vapour temperature. The mass flow rate and quality, however, were correct and the heat input to the vapour was larger than the actual one. As the vapour superheat at the tube exit depends on the balance between the heat input from the wall and the heat exchange with the droplets, the discrepancy between the calculated and the measured exit vapour temperature suggested that the inability of both codes to predict the vapour superheat in the dispersed flow region is due to the overprediction of the interfacial heat transfer rate.

Measurement of the specific surface area of loose copper deposit by electrochemical methods

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

E. A. Dolmatova

2016-07-01

Full Text Available In the work the surface area of the electrode with dispersed copper deposit obtained within 30 seconds was evaluated by techniques of chronopotentiometry (CPM and impedance spectroscopy. In method CPM the electrode surface available for measurement depends on the value of the polarizing current. At high currents during the transition time there is a change of surface relief that can not determine the full surface of loose deposit. The electrochemical impedance method is devoid of this shortcoming since the measurements are carried out in indifferent electrolyte in the absence of current. The area measured by the impedance is tens of times higher than the value obtained by chronopotentiometry. It is found that from a solution containing sulfuric acid the deposits form with a high specific surface area. Based on these data it was concluded that the method of impedance spectroscopy can be used to measure in situ the surface area of the dispersed copper deposits.

Participer à l’évolution du modèle québécois

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Manuel Dussault

2002-10-01

Full Text Available Ce court texte vise à expliquer la position de l’Association des manufacturiers et exportateurs du Québec (AMEQ sur la question du modèle québécois. Pour l’association, il existe un modèle québécois, comme il existe un modèle français, américain, japonais ou autres. Ce modèle, ni tout a fait original, ni tout à fait pareil aux autres, est à la fois libéral et social démocratique. Il se caractérise par le nationalisme, l’équité et la concertation. L’histoire économique moderne est devenue, en partie celle du rôle de l’État par les leviers économiques qu’il a mis en place depuis la révolution tranquille. Le modèle québécois a permis le rattrapage sur l’Ontario mais, en même temps, n’a pas réussi à abaisser son taux de chômage au niveau de la moyenne canadienne. Et après mûres réflexion, l’AMEQ est d’avis que la solution ne se trouve pas dans l’adoption d’éléments issus du modèle américain. Mais, le renouveau du modèle passe par la contribution de la société civile et non seulement par des solutions étatiques, marchandes ou encore de la concertation institutionnaliséeThis short text aims at explaining the position of the Association of the manufacturers and exporters of Quebec (AMEQ on the question of the Quebecois model. For the association, there is a Quebecois model, as there is a French, American, Japanese model or other. This model, neither everything made original, nor the completely similar to the others, is liberal and social at the same moment democratic. It is characterized by the nationalism, the equity and the dialogue. The modern economic story, partially that of the role of the state by the economic control levers which it set up since the “Révolution tranquille”. The Quebecois model allowed the picking up on Ontario but, at the same time, did not manage to lower its unemployment rate at the level of the Canadian avarage. And after reflection, the AMEQ is of

Analysis of Rod Withdrawal at Power (RWAP) Accident using ATHLET Mod 2.2 Cycle A and RELAP5/mod 3.3 Codes

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bencik, V.; Cavlina, N.; Grgic, D.

2012-01-01

The system code ATHLET is being developed at Gesellschaft fuer Anlagen-und Reaktorsicherheit (GRS) in Germany. In 1996, the NPP Krsko (NEK) input deck for ATHLET Mod 1.1 Cycle C has been developed at Faculty of Electrical Engineering (FER), University of Zagreb. The input deck was tested by analyzing the realistic plant event 'Main Steam Isolation Valve Closure' and the results were assessed against the measured data. The input deck was established before plant modernization that took place in 2000 and included the power uprate and SG replacement. The released ATHLET version (Mod 2.2 Cycle A) is now being available at FER Zagreb. Accordingly, the NEK input deck for ATHLET Mod 2.2 Cycle A has been developed. A completely new input deck has been created taking into account the large number of changes due to power uprate and SG replacement as well as taking advantage of developmental work on NEK data base performed at FER. The new NEK input deck for ATHLET code has been tested by analyzing the Rod Withdrawal Power (RWAP) accident and the results were assessed against the analysis performed by RELAP5/mod 3.3 code. The RWAP accident can be either Departure from Nucleate Boiling (DNB) ratio or overpower limiting accident depending on initial power and reactivity insertion rate. Since the automatic rod control system is assumed unavailable, the only negative reactivity is due to Doppler and moderator feedback. Consequently, the nuclear power and the transferred heat in the steam generators (SGs) increase. Since the steam flow to the turbine and the extracted power from the SGs remain constant, the SG secondary pressure and the temperatures on the primary side increase. Unless terminated by manual or automatic action, the power mismatch between primary and secondary side and the resultant coolant temperature rise could eventually result in DNB ratio and/or fuel centreline melt. In order to avoid core damage, the reactor protection system is designed to automatically

Migration of alcator C-Mod computer infrastructure to Linux

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Fredian, T.W.; Greenwald, M.; Stillerman, J.A.

2004-01-01

The Alcator C-Mod fusion experiment at MIT in Cambridge, Massachusetts has been operating for twelve years. The data handling for the experiment during most of this period was based on MDSplus running on a cluster of VAX and Alpha computers using the OpenVMS operating system. While the OpenVMS operating system provided a stable reliable platform, the support of the operating system and the software layered on the system has deteriorated in recent years. With the advent of extremely powerful low cost personal computers and the increasing popularity and robustness of the Linux operating system a decision was made to migrate the data handling systems for C-Mod to a collection of PC's running Linux. This paper will describe the new system configuration, the effort involved in the migration from OpenVMS, the results of the first run campaign under the new configuration and the impact the switch may have on the rest of the MDSplus community

Experiment data report for semiscale Mod-1 test S-06-4 (LOFT counterpart test)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gillins, R.L.; Sackett, K.E.; Coppin, C.E.

1977-12-01

Recorded test data are presented for Test S-06-4 of the Semiscale Mod-1 LOFT counterpart test series. These tests are among several Semiscale Mod-1 experiments conducted to investigate the thermal and hydraulic phenomena accompanying a hypothesized loss-of-coolant accident in a pressurized water reactor (PWR) system. Test S-06-4 was conducted from initial conditions of 15,653 kPa and 564 K to investigate the response of the Semiscale Mod-1 system to a depressurization and reflood transient following a simulated double-ended offset shear of the broken loop cold leg piping. During the test, cooling water was injected into the cold leg of the intact loop to simulate emergency core coolant injection in a PWR. The heater rods in the electrically heated core were operated at an axial peak power density which was 100 percent of the maximum peak power density

Experiment data report for semiscale Mod-1 test S-06-1 (LOFT counterpart test)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Collins, B.L.; Patton, M.L. Jr.; Sackett, K.E.

1977-07-01

Recorded test data are presented for Test S-06-1 of the Semiscale Mod-1 LOFT counterpart test series. These tests are among several Semiscale Mod-1 experiments conducted to investigate the thermal and hydraulic phenomena accompanying an hypothesized loss-of-coolant accident in a pressurized water reactor (PWR) system. Test S-06-1 was conducted from initial conditions of 15 568 kPa and 564 K to investigate the response of the Semiscale Mod-1 system to a depressurization and reflood transient following a simulated double-ended offset shear of the broken loop cold leg piping. During the test, cooling water was injected into the cold leg of the intact loop to simulate emergency core coolant injection in a PWR. The heater rods in the electrically heated core were operated at an axial peak power density which was 30% of the maximum peak power density

Experiment data report for semiscale Mod-1 Test S-06-2 (LOFT counterpart test)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Patton, M.L. Jr.; Collins, B.L.; Sackett, K.E.

1977-08-01

Recorded test data are presented for Test S-06-2 of the Semiscale Mod-1 LOFT counterpart test series. These tests are among several Semiscale Mod-1 experiments conducted to investigate the thermal and hydraulic phenomena accompanying an hypothesized loss-of-coolant accident in a pressurized water reactor (PWR) system. Test S-06-2 was conducted from initial conditions of 15 513 kPa and 563 K to investigate the response of the Semiscale Mod-1 system to a depressurization and reflood transient following a simulated double-ended offset shear of the broken loop cold leg piping. During the test, cooling water was injected into the cold leg of the intact loop to simulate emergency core coolant injection in a PWR. The heater rods in the electrically heated core were operated at an axial peak power density which was 50% of the maximum peak power density

Mod-5A wind turbine generator program design report. Volume 3: Final design and system description, book 2

Science.gov (United States)

1984-01-01

The design, development and analysis of the 7.3MW MOD-5A wind turbine generator is documented. The report is divided into four volumes: Volume 1 summarizes the entire MOD-5A program, Volume 2 discusses the conceptual and preliminary design phases, Volume 3 describes the final design of the MOD-5A, and Volume 4 contains the drawings and specifications developed for the final design. Volume 3, book 2 describes the performance and characteristics of the MOD-5A wind turbine generator in its final configuration. The subsystem for power generation, control, and instrumentation subsystems is described in detail. The manufacturing and construction plans, and the preparation of a potential site on Oahu, Hawaii, are documented. The quality assurance and safety plan, and analyses of failure modes and effects, and reliability, availability and maintainability are presented.

Internal transport barriers on Alcator C-Mod

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Fiore, C.L.; Rice, J.E.; Bonoli, P.T.; Boivin, R.L.; Goetz, J.A.; Hubbard, A.E.; Hutchinson, I.H.; Granetz, R.S.; Greenwald, M.J.; Marmar, E.S.; Mossessian, D.; Porkolab, M.; Taylor, G.; Snipes, J.; Wolfe, S.M.; Wukitch, S.J.

2001-01-01

The formation of internal transport barriers (ITBs) has been observed in the core region of Alcator C-Mod [I. H. Hutchinson et al., Phys. Plasmas 1, 1511 (1994)] under a variety of conditions. The improvement in core confinement following pellet injection (pellet enhanced performance or PEP mode) has been well documented on Alcator C-Mod in the past. Recently three new ITB phenomena have been observed which require no externally applied particle or momentum input. Short lived ITBs form spontaneously following the high confinement to low confinement mode transition and are characterized by a large increase in the global neutron production (enhanced neutron or EN modes). Experiments with ion cyclotron range of frequencies power injection to the plasma off-axis on the high field side results in the central density rising abruptly and becoming peaked. The ITB formed at this time lasts for ten energy confinement times. The central toroidal rotation velocity decreases and changes sign as the density rises. Similar spontaneous ITBs have been observed in ohmically heated H-mode plasmas. All of these ITB events have strongly peaked density profiles with a minimum in the density scale length occurring near r/a=0.5 and have improved confinement parameters in the core region of the plasma

Les industries culturelles en mutation : des modèles en question

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Lucien Perticoz

2012-09-01

Full Text Available La présente contribution se propose de questionner la notion de modèles socio-économiques dans le cadre des travaux relatifs aux mutations des industries culturelles. À cette fin, l’exposé se déroulera en trois temps : nous reviendrons tout d’abord sur les caractéristiques essentielles des modèles génériques (modèle éditorial et de flot ainsi que sur leurs principaux apports ; nous expliquerons ensuite dans quelle mesure ils doivent être considérés, non comme une description fidèle de la réalité dont ils entendent rendre compte, mais davantage comme des règles du jeu permettant d’appréhender les mutations à l’œuvre ; enfin, à l’aune de la numérisation des contenus et de leur consommation via Internet, nous interrogerons l’hypothèse de l’émergence de nouveaux modèles génériques. En conclusion, nous insisterons sur la nécessité, à notre sens, de prendre en compte l’évolution des pratiques culturelles médiatiques en tant que dimension structurante de ces modèles.This paper aims to question the concept of socio-economic models within the framework of research about cultural industries mutations. For this purpose, our presentation will proceed in three parts : first of all, we will reconsider the essential characteristics of the generic models (publishing model and flow model and their main contributions to the research ; we will explain then why they must be considered, not as a faithful description of the reality of which they intend to give an account, but more like rules of the game allowing to understand the mutations of cultural industries ; finally, considering the digitalization of contents and their consumption using Internet, we will question the hypothesis of the emergence of new generic models. In conclusion, we will insist on the importance, from our opinion, to take into account the evolution of the media cultural practices as a structuring dimension of these models.

Radon transport modelling: User's guide to RnMod3d

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Andersen, C.E.

2000-08-01

RnMod3d is a numerical computer model of soil-gas and radon transport in porous media. It can be used, for example, to study radon entry from soil into houses in response to indoor-outdoor pressure differences or changes in atmospheric pressure. It can also be used for flux calculations of radon from the soil surface or to model radon exhalation from building materials such as concrete. The finite-volume model is a technical research tool, and it cannot be used meaningfully without good understanding of the involved physical equations. Some understanding of numerical mathematics and the programming language Pascal is also required. Originally, the code was developed for internal use at Risoe only. With this guide, however, it should be possible for others to use the model. Three-dimensional steady-state or transient problems with Darcy flow of soil gas and combined generation, radioactive decay, diffusion and advection of radon can be solved. Moisture is included in the model, and partitioning of radon between air, water and soil grains (adsorption) is taken into account. Most parameters can change in time and space, and transport parameters (diffusivity and permeability) may be anisotropic. This guide includes benchmark tests based on simple problems with known solutions. RnMod3d has also been part of an international model intercomparison exercise based on more complicated problems without known solutions. All tests show that RnMod3d gives results of good quality. (au)

Progress towards all-chemical superconducting YBa{sub 2}Cu{sub 3}O{sub 7}-coated conductors

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Obradors, X [Institut de Ciencia de Materials de Barcelona, CSIC Campus de la UAB, 08193 Bellaterra (Spain); Puig, T [Institut de Ciencia de Materials de Barcelona, CSIC Campus de la UAB, 08193 Bellaterra (Spain); Pomar, A [Institut de Ciencia de Materials de Barcelona, CSIC Campus de la UAB, 08193 Bellaterra (Spain)

2006-03-15

Chemical solution deposition (CSD) has recently emerged as a very competitive technique for obtaining epitaxial films of high quality with controlled nanostructure. In particular, the all-CSD approach is considered to be one of the most promising approaches for cost-effective production of second-generation superconducting wires. The trifluoroacetate (TFA) route is a very versatile route for achieving epitaxial YBa{sub 2}Cu{sub 3}O{sub 7} (YBCO) layers with high critical currents. In this work, recent advances towards improvement of the performance of several conductor architectures based on the YBCO TFA process will be presented. We show that new improved anhydrous TFA precursors allow a significant shortening of the pyrolysis time ({approx}1.5 h), and we have increased the total film thickness in a single deposition using polymeric additives. On the other hand, further understanding of the YBCO nucleation and growth process has allowed us to obtain a controlled microstructure and high critical currents (J{sub c}{approx}4-5 MA cm{sup -2} and I{sub c}{approx}300 A cm{sup -1} width at 77 K). The growth conditions (CSD) and post-processing conditions (sputtering and CSD) for the underlying oxide cap and buffer layers (CeO{sub 2}, BaZrO{sub 3}, SrTiO{sub 3}, La{sub 2}Zr{sub 2}O{sub 7} (La,Sr)MnO{sub 3}) and of self-organized nanostructures (CeO{sub 2}, BaZrO{sub 3}) deposited by CSD have been investigated to obtain high-quality interfaces in multilayered systems. Different single-crystal or metallic substrates (YSZ-IBAD (yttrium stabilized zirconia-ion beam assisted deposition) and Ni-RABiT (rolling assisted biaxial texturing)) have been investigated and long ({approx}10 m) CSD biaxially textured buffers (CeO{sub 2}, La{sub 2}Zr{sub 2}O{sub 7}) have been grown on Ni-RABiT substrates using a reel-to-reel system. High-performance TFA-YBCO-coated conductors have been obtained on vacuum-based buffer layers (I{sub c}{approx}140 A cm{sup -1} width) and on CSD buffer layers

Waste removal sequencing using ProdMod

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Paul, P.K.; Gregory, M.V.; Davis, N.R.; Brooke, J.N.

1996-01-01

The Savannah River Site (SRS) is starting to solidify its accumulated high-level radioactive waste into borosilicate glass in stainless steel canisters for eventual permanent storage. The in-tank precipitation process (ITP) and extended sludge processing (ESP) are two key operations in the waste processing complex. The supernate and dissolved salt from the waste storage tanks are transferred to the ITP process tank where the solution is decontaminated in batch processes. Soluble radioactive cesium is precipitated with sodium tetraphenylborate and strontium, uranium, and plutonium are adsorbed on monosodium titanate. The precipitate and adsorbent solids, which now contain the radionuclides, are concentrated using crossflow filters. The concentrated solids are sent to the high-level waste vitrification process. The decontaminated salt solution is sent to the low-level waste solidification process to form cement grout. In parallel with the precipitate operations, insoluble sludges that settled originally to the bottom of the waste tanks are reslurried and sent to ESP to undergo washing to reduce soluble salt content and aluminum dissolution, if required. In the vitrification process in the Defense Waste Processing Facility (DWPF), the concentrated precipitate from the ITP is mixed with the washed sludge from ESP and glass frit in proportion to form a stable borosilicate glass. A novel and fast-running Production Planning Model (ProdMod) has been developed to simulate the waste processing operation. This paper describes the application of ProdMod in sequencing the ITP batches and scheduling the ESP batches

Mechanical measurements in RFX-mod experiment

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Dalla Palma, M., E-mail: mauro.dallapalma@igi.cnr.it [Consorzio RFX, EURATOM-ENEA Association, Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127 Padova (Italy); Ravarotto, D.; Dal Bello, S.; Fincato, M.; Ghiraldelli, R.; Marchiori, G.; Taliercio, C.; Zaccaria, P. [Consorzio RFX, EURATOM-ENEA Association, Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127 Padova (Italy)

2010-12-15

The ongoing experimental campaigns of RFX-mod are performed setting operational parameters at the nominal or exceeding design values of the experiment. Compressive forces up to 11 MN are produced by high magnetizing currents that reach values up to 50 kA. These forces heavily load the mechanical structure of RFX-mod and their effects are measured and monitored in order to assess the expected structural response and machine reliability during operation. Mechanical strains and relative displacements are real time measured during each experimental pulse by 48 strain gauges located on 12 mechanical struts and 16 potentiometers positioned between the toroidal assembly and the support mechanical structure. The strains in the most stressed components are measured by means of 24 half bridge gauges preliminarily calibrated. Particular care has been given to sensor choices and installation in order to minimize signal noises induced by the electrical and magnetic fields. The residual noises have been further reduced by proper sampling frequency and averaging techniques. The strains measured on the struts are then post-processed to calculate the resultant forces and bending moments, while the displacement measurements give an estimate of the overall stiffness of the mechanical structure. The measured forces and displacements are shown per toroidal locations and as a function of the current intensity, so verifying the uniform sharing of forces among the different struts and the proper square law correlation with the magnetizing current intensity.

REACT-Mod: a mathematical model for transient calculation of chemical reactions with U-Pu-Np-Tc in the aqueous nitric acid solution

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Tachimori, Shoichi; Kitamura, Tatsuaki.

1996-10-01

A computer code REACT-Mod which simulates various chemical reactions in an aqueous nitric acid solution involving uranium, plutonium, neptunium, technetium etc. e.g., redox, radiolytic and disproportionation reactions of 68, was developed based on the kinetics model. The numerical solution method adopted in the code are two, a kinetics model totally based on the rate law of which differential equations are solved by the modified Porsing method, and a two-step model based on both the rate law and equilibrium law. Only the former treats 27 radiolytic reactions. The latter is beneficially used to have a quick and approximate result by economical computation. The present report aims not only to explain the concept, chemical reactions treated and characteristics of the model but also to provide details of the program for users of the REACT-Mod code. (author)

Analyse géographique et modélisation des dynamiques d’urbanisation à La Réunion

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Pascal Thinon

2007-07-01

Full Text Available Cet article propose un prototype de modèle d’interprétation des dynamiques urbaines sur l’Ile de la Réunion. En entrée, le modèle combine un ensemble de champs géographiques jouant en faveur ou en défaveur de l’urbanisation ; en sortie, il indique une propension à l’urbanisation de chaque lieu. Il est conçu de manière à permettre une analyse exploratoire de ces dynamiques selon une approche heuristique. Les premiers résultats ont permis d’obtenir, sur l’ensemble de l’île, une carte de la propension à l’urbanisation, jugée satisfaisante eu égard aux dynamiques observées entre 1989 et 2002 ; un premier scénario d’évolution, concernant les espaces de savanes à l’ouest de l’île, est également proposé. Les premiers travaux sur ce modèle, encore à un stade préliminaire, sont encourageants mais soulèvent de nombreuses questions concernant notamment le calibrage des facteurs et leur rôle respectif, l’intégration de nouveaux champs comme le voisinage, l’analyse des résidus, la mesure de la qualité du modèle ou bien encore la mobilisation de ce type de modèle comme outil d’accompagnement de projets de territoires.

Investigation of RF-enhanced plasma potentials on Alcator C-Mod

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ochoukov, R., E-mail: ochoukov@psfc.mit.edu [PSFC MIT, NW17, 175 Albany Street, Cambridge, MA 02139 (United States); Whyte, D.G.; Brunner, D. [PSFC MIT, NW17, 175 Albany Street, Cambridge, MA 02139 (United States); Cziegler, I. [Center for Energy Research, UCSD, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093 (United States); LaBombard, B.; Lipschultz, B. [PSFC MIT, NW17, 175 Albany Street, Cambridge, MA 02139 (United States); Myra, J. [Lodestar Research Corporation, 2400 Central Avenue P-5, Boulder, CO 80301 (United States); Terry, J.; Wukitch, S. [PSFC MIT, NW17, 175 Albany Street, Cambridge, MA 02139 (United States)

2013-07-15

Radio frequency (RF) sheath rectification is a leading mechanism suspected of causing anomalously high erosion of plasma facing materials in RF-heated plasmas on Alcator C-Mod. An extensive experimental survey of the plasma potential (Φ{sub P}) in RF-heated discharges on C-Mod reveals that significant Φ{sub P} enhancement (>100 V) is found on outboard limiter surfaces, both mapped and not mapped to active RF antennas. Surfaces that magnetically map to active RF antennas show Φ{sub P} enhancement that is, in part, consistent with the recently proposed slow wave rectification mechanism. Surfaces that do not map to active RF antennas also experience significant Φ{sub P} enhancement, which strongly correlates with the local fast wave intensity. In this case, fast wave rectification is a leading candidate mechanism responsible for the observed enhancement.

Analyses for MARIA Research Reactor with RELAP/MOD3 code

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Szczurek, J.; Czerski, P.

2004-01-01

This paper deals with the application of the RELAP5/MOD3 code to the transient analyses for MARIA research reactor. Poland's MARIA Research Reactor is water and beryllium moderated, water-cooled reactor of a pool type with pressurized fuel channels containing concentric multi-tube assemblies of highly enriched uranium clad in aluminium. The RELAP5/MOD3 input data model includes the whole primary cooling circuit of the MARIA reactor. The model was qualified against the reactor data at steady state conditions and additionally against the existing reliable experimental data for a transient initiated by the reactor scram. The RELAP transient simulation was performed for loss of forced flow accidents including two scenarios with protected and unprotected (no scram) reactor core. Calculations allow estimating time margin for reactor scram initiation and reactivity feedbacks contribution to the results. (author)

Analysis of Semiscale Mod-1 integral test with asymmetrical break (Test S-29-1)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Langerman, M.A.

1977-03-01

Selected experimental data obtained from Semiscale Mod-1 cold leg break Test S-29-1 and results obtained from analytical codes are analyzed. This test was the first integral blowdown reflood test conducted with the Mod-1 system and was a special test designed specifically to evaluate the sensitivity of the early Mod-1 core thermal response (0 to 5 sec after rupture) to the magnitude and direction of the core flow. To achieve this specific objective in Test S-29-1, the vessel side break area was reduced to approximately one-half the scaled break area associated with a 200 percent cold leg break test. The reduction in break area significantly reduced the core flow reversal that took place immediately after rupture and resulted in periods of positive core flow in the early portion of the test. The results obtained from this test are compared with results obtained from a 200 percent cold leg break test and the effect of core flow on early core thermal response is evaluated. Since Test S-29-1 was the first integral blowdown reflood test conducted with the Mod-1 system, data are also presented through the reflood stage of the test and the results are analyzed. The test data and the core thermal response calculated with the RELAP4 code are also compared

C-Mod Collaboration Informal Technical Progress Report

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kenneth W. Gentle

2007-01-01

The aims of the collaboration have not changed. A specific list of tasks was agreed upon during the Fall of 2006 in preparation for the 2007 C-Mod campaign by Earl Marmar, Head of the Alcator Project, Kenneth Gentle, Principal Investigator, and William Rowan, Collaboration Coordinator with the facilitation of Adam Rosenberg (DOE grant monitor for the collaboration). The activities follow the list of tasks and are discussed in this progress report

Intelligence artificielle et agents collectifs : le modèle EUROSIM

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Denise Pumain

2007-07-01

Full Text Available EUROSIM est un modèle multi-agents conçu pour simuler l’évolution à moyen terme du système des villes européennes. Les agents sont des entités collectives, les grandes villes caractérisées par leur taille et leur fonction dans le système des villes, et dont les interactions (échanges modulés par des relations de proximité ou de réseau déterminent la dynamique relative, tandis que la croissance d’ensemble dépend de l’innovation. Des outils d’analyse multiscalaire ont été développés afin d’interpréter les sorties du modèle et faciliter le calibrage.

Models for the Behavior of Offshore Structure Foundations. Part One: Methodologies and Rheological Models for Soils Modèles pour le comportement des fondations d'ouvrages types marins. Première partie : Méthodologies et modèles rhéologiques de sols

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Meimon Y.

2006-11-01

Full Text Available Designing the foundations of offshore structures is a complex task, requiring both expert experience and the use of numerical models for safety insurance and design cost optimization. In fact, forecasting foundation behavior demands a correct evaluation of the combined effects of construction phasing, spatial variability of the soil mechanical properties, uncertainties on the applied loadings and due to the geomaterial mechanical modeling techniques. For offshore platforms, this is compounded by the hazardous nature of environmental loadings. These loadings, which are often very severe, could have disastrous effects on structure behavior. This dissertation presents the synthesis of a ten-year research program, developed by a team of Institut Français du Pétrole, with the cooperation of university teams, technical centers and industrial companies. The objective was to set up methodologies and numerical tools for the behavior of typical offshore structure foundations, spanning their entire life. It is presented in two distinct parts. The first part presents specific methodologies for the soil/structure interaction analysis of offshore platforms, and discusses the development of rheological models for soil behavior under non-monotonous loading. The second part considers the use of these sophisticated models for analyzing offshore structure foundations. It shows how these models are integrated in the FONDOF/IFP software, by using the finite element method coupled with algorithms specific to the problems posed by offshore foundations. Several applications are presented, demonstrating the ability of these methods to describe observed phenomena. A special place is reserved for the description of a quality assurance process developed by the French GRECO CNRS 'Geomaterials' Group of university teams, technical centers and industrial companies. The steps of a process for validating constitutive models are applied to a typical shallow foundation

Chemical vapour deposition - a promising method for production of different kinds of carbon nanotubes

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Leonhardt, A.; Ritschel, M.; Bartsch, K.; Graff, A.; Taeschner, C.; Fink, J. [Institut fuer Festkoerper- und Werkstofforschung Dresden e.V. (Germany)

2001-08-01

Carbon nanostructures (fibres, multi and single walled tubes) have been synthesized by catalytic chemical vapour deposition. The catalyst material, deposition temperature and the used hydrocarbon are the main parameters responsible for the formation of the desired structure. In dependence on these parameters and by optimising the deposition process nanofibres with herringbone structure and tubular multiwalled nanotubes were deposited in large amounts and high purity. In the case of single wall nanotubes synthesis an aftertreatment and process is absolutely necessary to obtain material with high percentage of tubes. Layers of disordered and aligned multiwalled nanotubes were deposited on oxidised silicon substrates coated with thin sputtered metal layers (Co, permalloy) by using the micro-wave assisted plasma CVD process or the bias supported hot filament CVD method. The latter method allows relatively low deposition temperatures (550 - 750 C). The obtained carbon modifications were characterised by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Furthermore, the electron field emission of the CNT's layers were investigated. (orig.)

Method of removing crud deposited on fuel element clusters

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Yokota, Tokunobu; Yashima, Akira; Tajima, Jun-ichiro.

1982-01-01

Purpose: To enable easy elimination of claddings deposited on the surface of fuel element. Method: An operator manipulates a pole from above a platform, engages the longitudinal flange of the cover to the opening at the upper end of a channel box and starts up a suction pump. The suction amount of the pump is set such that water flow becomes within the channel box at greater flow rate than the operational flow rate in the channel box of the fuel element clusters during reactor operation. This enables to remove crud deposited on the surface of individual fuel elements with ease and rapidly without detaching the channel box. (Moriyama, K.)

Graphene-based structure, method of suspending graphene membrane, and method of depositing material onto graphene membrane

Science.gov (United States)

Zettl, Alexander K.; Meyer, Jannik Christian

2013-04-02

An embodiment of a method of suspending a graphene membrane across a gap in a support structure includes attaching graphene to a substrate. A pre-fabricated support structure having the gap is attached to the graphene. The graphene and the pre-fabricated support structure are then separated from the substrate which leaves the graphene membrane suspended across the gap in the pre-fabricated support structure. An embodiment of a method of depositing material includes placing a support structure having a graphene membrane suspended across a gap under vacuum. A precursor is adsorbed to a surface of the graphene membrane. A portion of the graphene membrane is exposed to a focused electron beam which deposits a material from the precursor onto the graphene membrane. An embodiment of a graphene-based structure includes a support structure having a gap, a graphene membrane suspended across the gap, and a material deposited in a pattern on the graphene membrane.

Mod-5A wind turbine generator program design report. Volume 4: Drawings and specifications, book 5

Science.gov (United States)

1984-01-01

The design, development and analysis of the 7.3 MW MOD-5A wind turbine generator is documented. There are four volumes. This volume contains the drawings and specifications that were developed in preparation for building the MOD-5A wind turbine generator. Detail drawings of several assemblies and subassemblies are given. This is the fifth book of volume 4.

Deposition of titanium nitride layers by electric arc – Reactive plasma spraying method

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Şerban, Viorel-Aurel; Roşu, Radu Alexandru; Bucur, Alexandra Ioana; Pascu, Doru Romulus

2013-01-01

Highlights: ► Titanium nitride layers deposited by electric arc – reactive plasma spraying method. ► Deposition of titanium nitride layers on C45 steel at different spraying distances. ► Characterization of the coatings hardness as function of the spraying distances. ► Determination of the corrosion behavior of titanium nitride layers obtained. - Abstract: Titanium nitride (TiN) is a ceramic material which possesses high mechanical properties, being often used in order to cover cutting tools, thus increasing their lifetime, and also for covering components which are working in corrosive environments. The paper presents the experimental results on deposition of titanium nitride coatings by a new combined method (reactive plasma spraying and electric arc thermal spraying). In this way the advantages of each method in part are combined, obtaining improved quality coatings in the same time achieving high productivity. Commercially pure titanium wire and C45 steel as substrate were used for experiments. X-ray diffraction analysis shows that the deposited coatings are composed of titanium nitride (TiN, Ti 2 N) and small amounts of Ti 3 O. The microstructure of the deposited layers, investigated both by optical and scanning electron microscopy, shows that the coatings are dense, compact, without cracks and with low porosity. Vickers microhardness of the coatings presents maximum values of 912 HV0.1. The corrosion tests in 3%NaCl solution show that the deposited layers have a high corrosion resistance compared to unalloyed steel substrate.

Experiment data report for semiscale Mod-1 Test S-06-5. (LOFT counterpart test)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

1977-06-01

Recorded test data are presented for Test S-06-5 of the Semiscale Mod-1 LOFT counterpart test series. These tests are among several Semiscale Mod-1 experiments conducted to investigate the thermal and hydraulic phenomena accompanying a hypothesized loss-of-coolant accident in a pressurized water reactor (PWR) system. Test S-06-5 was conducted from initial conditions of 2272 psia and 536 0 F to investigate the response of the Semiscale Mod-1 system to a depressurization and reflood transient following a simulated double-ended offset shear of the broken loop cold leg piping. During the test, cooling water was injected into the cold legs of the intact and broken loops to simulate emergency core coolant injection in a PWR. The purpose of Test S-06-5 was to assess the influence of the break nozzle geometry on core thermal and system response and on the subcooled and low quality mass flow rates at the break locations

Comparison of tungsten nano-tendrils grown in Alcator C-Mod and linear plasma devices

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wright, G.M.; Brunner, D.; Baldwin, M.J.; Bystrov, K.; Doerner, R.P.; Labombard, B.; Lipschultz, B.; De Temmerman, G.; Terry, J.L.; Whyte, D.G.; Woller, K.B.

2013-01-01

Growth of tungsten nano-tendrils (“fuzz”) has been observed for the first time in the divertor region of a high-power density tokamak experiment. After 14 consecutive helium L-mode discharges in Alcator C-Mod, the tip of a tungsten Langmuir probe at the outer strike point was fully covered with a layer of nano-tendrils. The depth of the W fuzz layer (600 ± 150 nm) is consistent with an empirical growth formula from the PISCES experiment. Re-creating the C-Mod exposures as closely as possible in Pilot-PSI experiment can produce nearly-identical nano-tendril morphology and layer thickness at surface temperatures that agree with uncertainties with the C-Mod W probe temperature data. Helium concentrations in W fuzz layers are measured at 1–4 at.%, which is lower than expected for the observed sub-surface voids to be filled with several GPa of helium pressure. This possibly indicates that the void formation is not pressure driven

Experiment data report for Semiscale Mod-1 Test S-05-5 (alternate ECC injection test)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Collins, B.L.; Patton, M.L. Jr.; Sackett, K.E.

1977-04-01

Recorded test data are presented for Test S-05-5 of the Semiscale Mod-1 alternate ECC injection test series. These tests are among several Semiscale Mod-1 experiments conducted to investigate the thermal and hydraulic phenomena accompanying a hypothesized loss-of-coolant accident in a pressurized water reactor (PWR) system. Test S-05-5 was conducted from initial conditions of 2263 psia and 537 0 F to investigate the response of the Semiscale Mod-1 system to a depressurization and reflood transient following a simulated double-ended offset shear of the cold leg broken loop piping. During the test, cooling water was injected into the cold leg of the intact and broken loops to simulate emergency core coolant injection in a PWR. The upper plenum was vented through a reflood bypass line interconnecting the hot and cold legs of the broken loop

Exposure emanation methods of prospecting for mineral deposits

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Titov, V.L.; Venkov, V.A.; Avdeeva, T.Ya.; Kuvshinnikova, E.I.

1985-01-01

Fundamentals of the theory and practice of new methods for prospecting of mineral deposits-exposure emanation surveys are stated. Different modifications of these methods are considered: emanation track method, electron alphametry, technique based on the recording of alpha radiation of radon daughter products and thermoluminescent dosemeters. Advanatges of these methods as compared with the conventional emanation survey using emanometers and methods based on the recording of gamma radiation intensity are shown. Problems of the theory and practical aspects of the concrete modifications application as well as systems for data acquisition and processing fields of the methods application, technique of works performance and survey data interpretation are considered in detail; methods sensitivity, probable mechanisms of radon transport in bowels, role of a depth component of the radiactive emanation concentration field are evaluated. Examples of the method application in practice are given, emanation anomalies and their evaluation methods are classified

Relap5/mod2 post-test calculation of a loss of feedwater experiment at the Pactel test facility

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Protze, M. [Siemens-KWU, Erlangen (Germany)

1995-12-31

Post-test calculations for verification purposes of the thermal hydraulic code RELAP5/MOD2 are of fundamental importance for the licensing procedure. The RELAP5/MOD2 code has a large international assessment base regarding western PWR. WWER-reactors are russian designed PWRs with some specific differences compared with the western PWR`s, especially the horizontal steam generators. For that reason some post-test calculations have to be performed to verify the RELAP5/MOD2 code for these WWER typical phenomena. The impact of the horizontal steam generators on the accident behaviour during transients or pipe ruptures on the secondary side is significant. The nodalization of the test facility PACTEL was chosen equally to WWER plant nodalization to verify the use of a coarse modelling of the steam generator secondary side for analyses of transient with decreasing water level in the SG secondary side. The calculational results showed a good compliance to the test results, demonstrating the correct use of a coarse nodalization. To sum up, the RELAP5/ MOD2 results met the test results appropriately thereby the RELAP5/ MOD2 code is validated for analyses of transients with decreasing water level in a horizontal steam generator secondary side. (orig.). 4 refs.

Relap5/mod2 post-test calculation of a loss of feedwater experiment at the Pactel test facility

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Protze, M [Siemens-KWU, Erlangen (Germany)

1996-12-31

Post-test calculations for verification purposes of the thermal hydraulic code RELAP5/MOD2 are of fundamental importance for the licensing procedure. The RELAP5/MOD2 code has a large international assessment base regarding western PWR. WWER-reactors are russian designed PWRs with some specific differences compared with the western PWR`s, especially the horizontal steam generators. For that reason some post-test calculations have to be performed to verify the RELAP5/MOD2 code for these WWER typical phenomena. The impact of the horizontal steam generators on the accident behaviour during transients or pipe ruptures on the secondary side is significant. The nodalization of the test facility PACTEL was chosen equally to WWER plant nodalization to verify the use of a coarse modelling of the steam generator secondary side for analyses of transient with decreasing water level in the SG secondary side. The calculational results showed a good compliance to the test results, demonstrating the correct use of a coarse nodalization. To sum up, the RELAP5/ MOD2 results met the test results appropriately thereby the RELAP5/ MOD2 code is validated for analyses of transients with decreasing water level in a horizontal steam generator secondary side. (orig.). 4 refs.

The effects of two thick film deposition methods on tin dioxide gas sensor performance.

Science.gov (United States)

Bakrania, Smitesh D; Wooldridge, Margaret S

2009-01-01

This work demonstrates the variability in performance between SnO(2) thick film gas sensors prepared using two types of film deposition methods. SnO(2) powders were deposited on sensor platforms with and without the use of binders. Three commonly utilized binder recipes were investigated, and a new binder-less deposition procedure was developed and characterized. The binder recipes yielded sensors with poor film uniformity and poor structural integrity, compared to the binder-less deposition method. Sensor performance at a fixed operating temperature of 330 °C for the different film deposition methods was evaluated by exposure to 500 ppm of the target gas carbon monoxide. A consequence of the poor film structure, large variability and poor signal properties were observed with the sensors fabricated using binders. Specifically, the sensors created using the binder recipes yielded sensor responses that varied widely (e.g., S = 5 - 20), often with hysteresis in the sensor signal. Repeatable and high quality performance was observed for the sensors prepared using the binder-less dispersion-drop method with good sensor response upon exposure to 500 ppm CO (S = 4.0) at an operating temperature of 330 °C, low standard deviation to the sensor response (±0.35) and no signal hysteresis.

The Effects of Two Thick Film Deposition Methods on Tin Dioxide Gas Sensor Performance

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Smitesh D. Bakrania

2009-08-01

Full Text Available This work demonstrates the variability in performance between SnO2 thick film gas sensors prepared using two types of film deposition methods. SnO2 powders were deposited on sensor platforms with and without the use of binders. Three commonly utilized binder recipes were investigated, and a new binder-less deposition procedure was developed and characterized. The binder recipes yielded sensors with poor film uniformity and poor structural integrity, compared to the binder-less deposition method. Sensor performance at a fixed operating temperature of 330 ºC for the different film deposition methods was evaluated by exposure to 500 ppm of the target gas carbon monoxide. A consequence of the poor film structure, large variability and poor signal properties were observed with the sensors fabricated using binders. Specifically, the sensors created using the binder recipes yielded sensor responses that varied widely (e.g., S = 5 – 20, often with hysteresis in the sensor signal. Repeatable and high quality performance was observed for the sensors prepared using the binder-less dispersion-drop method with good sensor response upon exposure to 500 ppm CO (S = 4.0 at an operating temperature of 330 ºC, low standard deviation to the sensor response (±0.35 and no signal hysteresis.

New 'ex vivo' radioisotopic method of quantitation of platelet deposition

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Badimon, L.; Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Unit, Barcelona; Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Fuster, V.; Chesebro, J.H.; Dewanjee, M.K.

1983-01-01

We have developed a sensitive and quantitative method of 'ex vivo' evaluation of platelet deposition on collagen strips, from rabbit Achilles tendon, superfused by flowing blood and applied it to four animal species, cat, rabbit, dog and pig. Autologous platelets were labeled with indium-111-tropolone, injected to the animal 24 hr before the superfusion and the number of deposited platelets was quantitated from the tendon gamma-radiation and the blood platelet count. We detected some platelet consumption with superfusion time when blood was reinfused entering the contralateral jugular vein after collagen contact but not if blood was discarded after the contact. Therefore, in order to have a more physiological animal model we decided to discard blood after superfusion of the tendon. In all species except for the cat there was a linear relationship between increase of platelet on the tendon and time of exposure to blood superfusion. The highest number of platelets deposited on the collagen was found in cats, the lowest in dogs. Ultrastructural analysis showed the platelets were deposited as aggregates after only 5 min of superfusion. (orig.)

Morphological characterization of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in a MODS culture for an automatic diagnostics through pattern recognition.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Alicia Alva

Full Text Available Tuberculosis control efforts are hampered by a mismatch in diagnostic technology: modern optimal diagnostic tests are least available in poor areas where they are needed most. Lack of adequate early diagnostics and MDR detection is a critical problem in control efforts. The Microscopic Observation Drug Susceptibility (MODS assay uses visual recognition of cording patterns from Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB to diagnose tuberculosis infection and drug susceptibility directly from a sputum sample in 7-10 days with a low cost. An important limitation that laboratories in the developing world face in MODS implementation is the presence of permanent technical staff with expertise in reading MODS. We developed a pattern recognition algorithm to automatically interpret MODS results from digital images. The algorithm using image processing, feature extraction and pattern recognition determined geometrical and illumination features used in an object-model and a photo-model to classify TB-positive images. 765 MODS digital photos were processed. The single-object model identified MTB (96.9% sensitivity and 96.3% specificity and was able to discriminate non-tuberculous mycobacteria with a high specificity (97.1% M. avium, 99.1% M. chelonae, and 93.8% M. kansasii. The photo model identified TB-positive samples with 99.1% sensitivity and 99.7% specificity. This algorithm is a valuable tool that will enable automatic remote diagnosis using Internet or cellphone telephony. The use of this algorithm and its further implementation in a telediagnostics platform will contribute to both faster TB detection and MDR TB determination leading to an earlier initiation of appropriate treatment.

Analysis of the VVER-440 reactor steam generator secondary side with the RELAP5/MOD3 code

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Tuunanen, J.

1993-01-01

Nuclear Engineering Laboratory of the Technical Research Centre of Finland has widely used RELAP5/MOD2 and -MOD3 codes to simulate horizontal steam generators. Several models have been developed and successfully used in the VVER-safety analysis. Nevertheless, the models developed have included only rather few nodes in the steam generator secondary side. The secondary side has normally been divided into about 10 to 15 nodes. Since the secondary side at the steam generators of VVER-440 type reactors consists of a rather large water pool, these models were only roughly capable to predict secondary side flows. The paper describes an attempt to use RELAP5/MOD3 code to predict secondary side flows in a steam generator of a VVER-440 reactor. A 2D/3D model has been developed using RELAP5/MOD3 codes cross-flow junctions. The model includes 90 volumes on the steam generator secondary side. The model has been used to calculate steady state flow conditions in the secondary side of a VVER-440 reactor steam generator. (orig.) (1 ref., 9 figs., 2 tabs.)

Conception d’un automate cellulaire non stationnaire à base de graphe pour modéliser la structure spatiale urbaine: le modèle Remus

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Arnaud Banos

2007-10-01

Full Text Available Nous proposons dans cet article une formalisation originale des automates cellulaires géographiques, à même de mieux prendre en compte grâce à une structure de graphe le voisinage irrégulier et dynamique d’entités spatiales. Le modèle Remus permet ainsi de représenter sous la forme d’un graphe mathématique les entités spatiales du bâti et les réseaux de transport urbain (graphe urbain ; il permet aussi de calculer la distance-temps entre bâtiments par le réseau. Le modèle Remus permet l’extraction de différents graphes, dont le graphe fonctionnel des distances-temps entre les immeubles et le graphe de relations de voisinage qui représente le voisinage par le réseau pour un certain seuil de temps de trajet et pour un mode de transport donné.

Numerical modelling of ICRF physics experiments in the Alcator C-mod tokamak

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bonoli, P.T.; Boivin, R.L.; Brambilla, M.

2001-01-01

A full-wave spectral code (TORIC) has been used to simulate mode converted ion Bernstein wave (IBW) propagation and absorption for the first time at high poloidal mode number (-80< m<+80). Converged wave solutions for the mode converted wave are obtained in this limit and the predicted electron damping of the IBW is found to be consistent with experimental measurements from the Alcator C-Mod tokamak. The TORIC code has also been coupled to a bounce-averaged Fokker Planck module FPPRF and the combined codes are now run within the transport analysis tool TRANSP. This model was used to analyze off-axis hydrogen minority heating experiments in C-Mod where an internal transport barrier was obtained. (author)

Methods of mineral potential assessment of uranium deposits: A mineral systems approach

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Jaireth, S.

2014-01-01

Conclusions: • Choice of methods depends on the objective; • Basics: – Know your mineral system (deposit-type): SCIENCE; – Create useful datasets: A MUST; • Mineral system approach can be rewarding. For successful examples visit GA’s website; • Don’t overdo or oversell it (only detailed exploration such as drilling can find a deposit)

Experiment data report for Semiscale Mod-1 Test S-05-4 (alternate ECC injection test)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Collins, B.L.; Feldman, E.M.

1977-03-01

Recorded test data are presented for Test S-05-4 of the Semiscale Mod-1 alternate emergency core coolant injection test series. These tests are among several Semiscale Mod-1 experiments conducted to investigate the thermal and hydraulic phenomena accompanying a hypothesized loss-of-coolant accident in a pressurized water reactor (PWR) system. Test S-05-4 was conducted from initial conditions of 2266 psia and 543 0 F to investigate the response of the Semiscale Mod-1 system to a depressurization and reflood transient following a simulated double-ended offset shear of the cold leg broken loop piping. During the test, cooling water was injected into the cold leg of each loop and into the vessel upper plenum to simulate emergency core coolant injection in a PWR. The upper plenum coolant injection was scaled according to the heat stored in the metal mass of the upper plenum

The Effects of Two Thick Film Deposition Methods on Tin Dioxide Gas Sensor Performance

OpenAIRE

Bakrania, Smitesh D.; Wooldridge, Margaret S.

2009-01-01

This work demonstrates the variability in performance between SnO2 thick film gas sensors prepared using two types of film deposition methods. SnO2 powders were deposited on sensor platforms with and without the use of binders. Three commonly utilized binder recipes were investigated, and a new binder-less deposition procedure was developed and characterized. The binder recipes yielded sensors with poor film uniformity and poor structural integrity, compared to the binder-less deposition meth...

Colloidal spray method for low cost thin coating deposition

Science.gov (United States)

Pham, Ai-Quoc; Glass, Robert S.; Lee, Tae H.

2002-01-01

A dense or porous coating of material is deposited onto a substrate by forcing a colloidal suspension through an ultrasonic nebulizer and spraying a fine mist of particles in a carrier medium onto a sufficiently heated substrate. The spraying rate is essentially matched to the evaporation rate of the carrier liquid from the substrate to produce a coating that is uniformly distributed over the surface of the substrate. Following deposition to a sufficient coating thickness, a single sintering step may be used to produce a dense ceramic coating. Using this method, coatings ranging in thickness from about one to several hundred microns can be obtained. By using a plurality of compounds in the colloidal suspension, coatings of mixed composition can be obtained. By using a plurality of solutions and separate pumps and a single or multiple ultrasonic nebulizer(s), and varying the individual pumping rates and/or the concentrations of the solutions, a coating of mixed and discontinuously graded (e.g., stepped) or continuously graded layers may be obtained. This method is particularly useful for depositing ceramic coatings. Dense ceramic coating materials on porous substrates are useful in providing improved electrode performance in devices such as high power density solid oxide fuel cells. Dense ceramic coatings obtained by the invention are also useful for gas turbine blade coatings, sensors, steam electrolyzers, etc. The invention has general use in preparation of systems requiring durable and chemically resistant coatings, or coatings having other specific chemical or physical properties.

The ModFOLD4 server for the quality assessment of 3D protein models

OpenAIRE

McGuffin, Liam J.; Buenavista, Maria T.; Roche, Daniel B.

2013-01-01

Once you have generated a 3D model of a protein,\\ud how do you know whether it bears any resemblance\\ud to the actual structure? To determine the usefulness\\ud of 3D models of proteins, they must be assessed in\\ud terms of their quality by methods that predict their\\ud similarity to the native structure. The ModFOLD4\\ud server is the latest version of our leading independent\\ud server for the estimation of both the global and\\ud local (per-residue) quality of 3D protein models. The\\ud server ...

GEOLOGICAL-GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION OF THE BAUXITE DEPOSITS APPLICATION OF THE SHALLOW SEIZMIC REFLECTION METHOD

OpenAIRE

Ivan Dragičević; Miroslav Andrić; Ivan Blašković

1991-01-01

The exploration of bauxite deposits in the region of the carbonaceous Dinarides has been performed by using different geological and geophysical methods. Deposits laying shallower or deeper below the roof sediments have so far most often been discovered by expensive drilling methods in a corresponding grid. Complex geological explorations have led to a series of valuable data thus enabling the application of other much more economical methods as well. In the region of the bauxite sedimentary ...

Evaporation in porous media modelling :fundamental and applied models development /Modélisation de l'évaporation en milieu poreux :développement de modèles fondamentaux et appliqués

OpenAIRE

Debaste, Frédéric

2008-01-01

L'étude des phénomènes fondamentaux de transport et de thermodynamique apparaissant lors de l'évaporation en milieu poreux permet l'investigation d'applications pratiques variées. Dans ce travail, nous développons des modèles fondamentaux d'évaporation en milieu poreux que nous appliquons ensuite au séchage en lit fluidisé de deux matériaux granulaires poreux :le PVC et la levure. Les modèles mis au point sont réalisés suivant une approche multiéchelle. Nous nous intér...

Mod-5A wind turbine generator program design report. Volume 3: Final design and system description, book 1

Science.gov (United States)

1984-01-01

The design, development and analysis of the 7.3 MW MOD-5A wind turbine generator is documented. Volume 3, book 1 describes the performance and characteristics of the MOD-5A wind turbine generator in its final configuration. Each subsystem - the rotor, drivetrain, nacelle, tower and foundation is described in detail.

Assessment of TRAC-PF1/MOD1 code for large break LOCA in PWR

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Akimoto, Hajime; Ohnuki, Akira; Murao, Yoshio; Abe, Yutaka.

1993-03-01

As the first step of the REFLA/TRAC code development, the TRAC/PF1/MOD1 code has been assessed for various experiments that simulate postulated large-break loss-of-coolant accident (LBLOCA) in PWR to understand the predictive capability and to identify the problem areas of the code. The assessment calculations were performed for separate effect tests for critical flow, counter current flow, condensation at cold leg and reflood as well as integral tests to understand predictability for individual phenomena. This report summarizes results from the assessment calculations of the TRAC-PF1/MOD1 code for LBLOCA in PWR. The assessment calculations made clear the predictive capability and problem areas of the TRAC-PF1/MOD1 code for LBLOCA in PWR. The areas, listed below, should be improved for more realistic and effective simulation of LBLOCA in PWR: (1) core heat transfer model during blowdown, (2) ECC bypass model at downcomer during refill, (3) condensation model during accumulator injection, and (4) core thermal hydraulic model during reflood. (author) 57 refs

Prise en compte des ``courants de London'' dans la modélisation des supraconducteurs

Science.gov (United States)

Bossavit, Alain

1997-10-01

A model is given, in variational form, in which volumic “Bean currents”, ruled by Bean's law, and surface “London currents” coexist. This macroscopic model generalizes Bean's one, by appending to the critical density j_c a second parameter, with the dimension of a length, similar to London's depth λ. The one-dimensional version of the model is investigated, in order to link this parameter with the standard observable H-M characteristics On propose un modèle, sous forme variationnelle, associant des “courants de Bean” volumiques, décrits par la loi de Bean, et des “courants de London”, surfaciques. Ce modèle macroscopique généralise celui de Bean, caractérisé par le courant critique j_c, et fait intervenir un second paramètre, homogène à une longueur, analogue au λ de London. La version unidimensionnelle du modèle est étudiée en détail de manière à relier ce paramètre à l'observation des caractéristiques H-M usuelles.

Electrochemical evaluation of under-deposit corrosion and its inhibition using the wire beam electrode method

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Tan Yongjun, E-mail: yj.tan@curtin.edu.a [Western Australian Corrosion Research Group, Department of Chemistry, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth (Australia); Fwu, Young; Bhardwaj, Kriti [Western Australian Corrosion Research Group, Department of Chemistry, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth (Australia)

2011-04-15

Research highlights: A new experiment method for evaluating under-deposit corrosion and its inhibitors. Under-deposit corrosion did not occur in a CO{sub 2} saturated pure brine solution. Inhibitor imidazoline addition and O{sub 2} contamination initiated under-deposit corrosion. Inhibitor imidazoline reduced general corrosion but enhanced localised corrosion. - Abstract: A new experimental method has been applied to evaluate under-deposit corrosion and its inhibition by means of an electrochemically integrated multi-electrode array, namely the wire beam electrode (WBE). Maps showing galvanic current and corrosion potential distributions were measured from a WBE surface that was partially covered by sand. Under-deposit corrosion did not occur during the exposure of the WBE to carbon dioxide saturated brine under ambient temperature. The introduction of corrosion inhibitor imidazoline and oxygen into the brine was found to significantly affect the patterns and rates of corrosion, leading to the initiation of under-deposit corrosion over the WBE.

Posttest analysis of international standard problem 10 using RELAP4/MOD7

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hsu, M.; Davis, C.B.; Peterson, A.C. Jr.; Behling, S.R.

1981-01-01

RELAP4/MOD7, a best estimate computer code for the calculation of thermal and hydraulic phenomena in a nuclear reactor or related system, is the latest version in the RELAP4 code development series. This paper evaluates the capability of RELAP4/MOD7 to calculate refill/reflood phenomena. This evaluation uses the data of International Standard Problem 10, which is based on West Germany's KWU PKL refill/reflood experiment K9A. The PKL test facility represents a typical West German four-loop, 1300 MW pressurized water reactor (PWR) in reduced scale while maintaining prototypical volume-to-power ratio. The PKL facility was designed to specifically simulate the refill/reflood phase of a hypothetical loss-of-coolant accident

Background and system description of the Mod 1 wind turbine generator

Science.gov (United States)

Ernst, E. H.

1978-01-01

The Mod-1 wind turbine considered is a large utility-class machine, operating in the high wind regime, which has the potential for generation of utility grade power at costs competitive with other alternative energy sources. A Mod-1 wind turbine generator (WTG) description is presented, taking into account the two variable-pitch steel blades of the rotor, the drive train, power generation/control, the Nacelle structure, and the yaw drive. The major surface elements of the WTG are the ground enclosure, the back-up battery system, the step-up transformer, elements of the data system, cabling, area lighting, and tower foundation. The final system weight (rotor, Nacelle, and tower) is expected to be about 650,000 pounds. The WTG will be capable of delivering 1800 kW to the utility grid in a wind-speed above 25 mph.

Experiment data report for Semiscale Mod-1 Test S-05-3 (alternate ECC injection test)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Feldman, E.M.; Patton, M.L. Jr.; Sackett, K.E.

1977-03-01

Recorded test data are presented for Test S-05-3 of the Semiscale Mod-1 alternate ECC injection test series. These tests are among several Semiscale Mod-1 experiments conducted to investigate the thermal and hydraulic phenomena accompanying a hypothesized loss-of-coolant accident in a pressurized water reactor (PWR) system. Test S-05-3 was conducted from initial conditions of 2263 psia and 545 0 F to investigate the response of the Semiscale Mod-1 system to a depressurization and reflood transient following a simulated double-ended offset shear of the cold leg broken loop piping. During the test, cooling water was injected into the cold leg sides of the intact and broken loops and into the vessel upper plenum to simulate emergency core coolant injection in a PWR. For Test S-05-3, specifically the effects of upper plenum coolant injection on core thermal and system response were being investigated

Pulsed klystrons with feedback controlled mod-anode modulators

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Reass, William A [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Baca, David M [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Jerry, Davis L [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Rees, Daniel E [Los Alamos National Laboratory

2009-01-01

This paper describes a fast rise and fall, totem-pole mod-anode modulators for klystron application. Details of these systems as recently installed utilizing a beam switch tube ''on-deck'' and a planar triode ''off-deck'' in a grid-catch feedback regulated configuration will be provided. The grid-catch configuration regulates the klystron mod-anode voltage at a specified set-point during switching as well as providing a control mechanism that flat-top regulates the klystron beam current during the pulse. This flat-topped klystron beam current is maintained while the capacitor bank droops. In addition, we will review more modern on-deck designs using a high gain, high voltage planar triode as a regulating and switching element. These designs are being developed, tested, and implemented for the Los Alamos Neutron Science Center (LANSCE) accelerator refurbishment project, ''LANSCE-R''. An advantage of the planar triode is that the tube can be directly operated with solid state linear components and provides for a very compact design. The tubes are inexpensive compared to stacked semiconductor switching assemblies and also provide a linear control capability. Details of these designs are provided as well as operational and developmental results.

GalMod: the last frontier of Galaxy population synthesis models

Science.gov (United States)

Pasetto, Stefano; Kollmeier, Juna; Grebel, Eva K.; chiosi, cesare

2018-01-01

We present a novel Galaxy population synthesis model: GalMod (Pasetto et al. 2016, 2017a,b) is the only star-count model featuring an asymmetric bar/bulge as well as spiral arms as directly obtained by applying linear perturbative theory to self-consistent distribution function of the Galaxy stellar populations. Compared to previous literature models (e.g., Besancon, Trilegal), GalMod allows to generate full-sky mock catalogue, M31 surveys and provides a better match to observed Milky Way (MW) stellar fields.The model can generate synthetic mock catalogs of visible portions of the MW, external galaxies like M31, or N-body simulation initial conditions. At any given time, e.g., a chosen age of the Galaxy, the model contains a sum of discrete stellar populations, namely bulge/bar, disk, halo. The disk population is itself the sum of subpopulations: spiral arms, thin disk, thick disk, and gas component, while the halo is modeled as the sum of a stellar component, a hot coronal gas, and a dark matter component. The Galactic potential is computed from these subpopulations' density profiles and used to generate detailed kinematics by considering the first few moments of the Boltzmann collisionless equation for all the stellar subpopulations. The same density profiles are then used to define the observed color-magnitude diagrams within an input field of view from an arbitrary solar location. Several photometric systems have been included and made available on-line, e.g., SDSS, Gaia, 2MASS, HST WFC3, and others. Finally, we model the extinction with advanced ray tracing solutions.The model's web page (and tutorial) can be accessed at www.GalMod.org.

Reactive Chemical Vapor Deposition Method as New Approach for Obtaining Electroluminescent Thin Film Materials

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Valentina V. Utochnikova

2012-01-01

Full Text Available The new reactive chemical vapor deposition (RCVD method has been proposed for thin film deposition of luminescent nonvolatile lanthanide aromatic carboxylates. This method is based on metathesis reaction between the vapors of volatile lanthanide dipivaloylmethanate (Ln(dpm3 and carboxylic acid (HCarb orH2Carb′ and was successfully used in case of HCarb. Advantages of the method were demonstrated on example of terbium benzoate (Tb(bz3 and o-phenoxybenzoate thin films, and Tb(bz3 thin films were successfully examined in the OLED with the following structure glass/ITO/PEDOT:PSS/TPD/Tb(bz3/Ca/Al. Electroluminescence spectra of Tb(bz3 showed only typical luminescent bands, originated from transitions of the terbium ion. Method peculiarities for deposition of compounds of dibasic acids H2Carb′ are established on example of terbium and europium terephtalates and europium 2,6-naphtalenedicarboxylate.

Code Development and Analysis Program: developmental checkout of the BEACON/MOD2A code

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ramsthaler, J.A.; Lime, J.F.; Sahota, M.S.

1978-12-01

A best-estimate transient containment code, BEACON, is being developed by EG and G Idaho, Inc. for the Nuclear Regulatory Commission's reactor safety research program. This is an advanced, two-dimensional fluid flow code designed to predict temperatures and pressures in a dry PWR containment during a hypothetical loss-of-coolant accident. The most recent version of the code, MOD2A, is presently in the final stages of production prior to being released to the National Energy Software Center. As part of the final code checkout, seven sample problems were selected to be run with BEACON/MOD2A

Current status and future prospects of Japanese national project on coated conductor development and its applications

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Shiohara, Y. [Superconductivity Research Laboratory, ISTEC, Shinonome 1-10-13, Koto-ku, Tokyo 135-0062 (Japan)], E-mail: shiohara@istec.or.jp; Yoshizumi, M.; Izumi, T. [Superconductivity Research Laboratory, ISTEC, Shinonome 1-10-13, Koto-ku, Tokyo 135-0062 (Japan); Yamada, Y. [Superconductivity Research Laboratory, ISTEC, Nagoya Coated Conductor Center, 2-4-1, Mutsuno, Atsuta-ku, Nagoya 456-8587 (Japan)

2008-09-15

Four years of the current five-year national project since 2003 for development of coated conductors using Y-system superconductors have passed and lots of remarkable results have been achieved. In this paper, the current status and the future prospect of this project are reviewed. The current national project comprises several groups of national laboratories, universities and private companies. The group of high performance tape development, consisting of Fujikura and SRL-NCCC, has worked on the tape by PLD-REBCO superconducting tapes on the PLD-CeO{sub 2}/IBAD-GZO buffered substrates. The high product of I{sub c} and L equal to 112,166 A m was achieved in the 368 m-304.8 A GdBCO tape whose I{sub c} value is mostly above 350 A/cm-w. The performance under the magnetic fields was also improved up to 42 A at 3 T in a GdBCO short film with doping of ZrO{sub 2}. About 61 m long GdBCO tape with ZrO{sub 2} doping showed a high I{sub c} value of 220 A at self field and 30 A at 3 T. On the other hand, the other group focusing on the low production cost has worked on processes of TFA-MOD and MOCVD, etc. The extremely high I{sub c} value of 735 A/cm-w was attained in the TFA-MOD films on PLD-CeO{sub 2}/IBAD-GZO/Hastelloy C276 substrate by means of using the effect of Ba-poor nominal composition. In the efforts for long tape production, 200 m long tapes with high I{sub c} values of 200 A/cm-w and 205 A/cm-w were obtained by MOD-YBCO/PLD-CeO{sub 2}/IBAD-GZO/Hastelloy C276 and PLD-HoBCO on buffered NiW substrate, respectively. The I{sub c} x L value of the MOD-derived tape was 40,000 A m, which is the highest value in the world by the MOD process. Based on the above achievements on the coated conductor process development, two new additional goals were set in the project. One is the development for the extremely low cost tape and another is the development of the basic technologies for making the electric power devices including cables, transformers, motors, current

Deposition of tin oxide doped with fluorine produced by sol-gel method and deposited by spray-pyrolysis

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Maia, Paulo Herbert Franca; Lima, Francisco Marcone; Sena, Aline Cosmo de; Silva, Alvaro Neuton; Almeida, Ana Fabiola Leite de; Freire, Francisco Nivaldo Aguiar

2014-01-01

Solar energy is one of the most important sources of renewable energy today, but its production is based on silicon cells, expensive and difficult to produce, so the research seek new materials to replace them. This work aims to deposit tin oxide doped with fluorine on the glass substrate using the sol-gel method to provide a working solution and spray pyrolysis technique to perform the deposition. F-SnO2 (FTO) were synthesized by sol-gel method, employing NH_4F and SnCl_2 precursor in an ethanol solution. Before the formation of the gel phase, the entire solution was sprayed, with the aid of a pistol aerographic substrate under heated at 600 °C divided by 50 applications and cooled in the furnace. The substrates had resistances between 10 and 30 S.cm. The energy dispersive x-ray (EDS) revealed the presence of fluorine in the SnO_2 network. (author)

Quality Assurance Procedures for ModCat Database Code Files

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Siciliano, Edward R.; Devanathan, Ram; Guillen, Zoe C.; Kouzes, Richard T.; Schweppe, John E.

2014-04-01

The Quality Assurance procedures used for the initial phase of the Model Catalog Project were developed to attain two objectives, referred to as “basic functionality” and “visualization.” To ensure the Monte Carlo N-Particle model input files posted into the ModCat database meet those goals, all models considered as candidates for the database are tested, revised, and re-tested.

Countercurrent flow limitation model for RELAP5/MOD3

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Riemke, R.A.

1991-01-01

This paper reports on a countercurrent flow limitation model incorporated into the RELAP5/MOD3 system transient analysis code. The model is implemented in a manner similar to the RELAP5 chocking model. Simulations using air/water flooding test problem demonstrate the ability of the code to significantly improve its comparison to data when a flooding correlation is used

Preparation of ultrafine grained copper nanoparticles via immersion deposit method

Science.gov (United States)

Abbasi-Kesbi, Fatemeh; Rashidi, Ali Mohammad; Astinchap, Bandar

2018-03-01

Today, the exploration about synthesis of nanoparticles is much of interest to materials scientists. In this work, copper nanoparticles have been successfully synthesized by immersion deposit method in the absence of any stabilizing and reducing agents. Copper (II) sulfate pentahydrate as precursor salt and distilled water and Ethylene glycol as solvents were used. The copper nanoparticles were deposited on plates of low carbon steel. The effects of copper sulfate concentrations and solvent type were investigated. X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and UV-Visible spectroscopy were taken to investigate the crystallite size, crystal structure, and morphology and size distribution and the growth process of the nanoparticles of obtained Cu particles. The results indicated that the immersion deposit method is a particularly suitable method for synthesis of semispherical copper nanoparticles with the crystallites size in the range of 22 to 37 nm. By increasing the molar concentration of copper sulfate in distilled water solvent from 0.04 to 0.2 M, the average particles size is increased from 57 to 81 nm. The better size distribution of Cu nanoparticles was achieved using a lower concentration of copper sulfate. By increasing the molar concentration of copper sulfate in water solvent from 0.04 to 0.2, the location of the SPR peak has shifted from 600 to 630 nm. The finer Cu nanoparticles were formed using ethylene glycol instead water as a solvent. Also, the agglomeration and overlapping of nanoparticles in ethylene glycol were less than that of water solvent.

TRAC-PF1/MOD 1 independent assessment: Semiscale MOD-2A feedwater-line break (S-SF-3) and steam-line break (S-SF-5) tests

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Dobranich, D.

1985-11-01

The TRAC-PF1/MOD1 independent assessment project at Sandia is part of an overall effort funded by the NRC to determine the ability of various systems codes to predict the detailed thermal/hydraulic response of LWRs during accident and off-normal conditions. As part of this effort, calculations for Semiscale Mod-2A test S-SF-3, a feedwater-line break test, and S-SF-5, a steam-line break test, were performed with TRAC-PF1/MOD1. Most aspects of both the S-SF-3 and S-SF-5 steady-state calculations were found to be in good agreement with data. However, the need for a better steam separator model was identified from the S-SF-3 calculation. Overall, the qualitative behavior of both transients was calculated reasonably well; however, there were some discrepancies in the prediction of the quantitative behavior. The results for the S-SF-3 transient calculation indicate that the primary-to-secondary heat transfer degradation began too early. This was possibly due to overprediction of entrainment in the steam generator boiler, leading to an incorrect calculation of the secondary-side fluid distribution during the steady state. However, there was insufficient data to verify this. Results for the S-SF-5 transient calculation indicate that the primary-side fluid temperature response to a steam-line break was in reasonable agreement with data but the pressure response did not coincide with the data. Uncertainties in the data are sufficient to prevent us from determining the exact cause of this discrepancy, but there is indirect evidence that the calculated rate of phase change in the pressurizer was incorrect. 16 refs., 73 figs., 13 tabs

Hydrogenated amorphous silicon sensors based on thin film on ASIC technology

CERN Document Server

Despeisse, M; Anelli, G; Jarron, P; Kaplon, J; Rusack, R; Saramad, S; Wyrsch, N

2006-01-01

The performance and limitations of a novel detector technology based on the deposition of a thin-film sensor on top of processed integrated circuits have been studied. Hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) films have been deposited on top of CMOS circuits developed for these studies and the resulting "thin-film on ASIC" (TFA) detectors are presented. The leakage current of the a-Si:H sensor at high reverse biases turns out to be an important parameter limiting the performance of a TFA detector. Its detailed study and the pixel segmentation of the detector are presented. High internal electric fields (in the order of 10/sup 4/-10/sup 5/ V/cm) can be built in the a-Si:H sensor and overcome the low mobility of electrons and holes in a-Si:H. Signal induction by generated carrier motion and speed in the a-Si:H sensor have been studied with a 660 nm pulsed laser on a TFA detector based on an ASIC integrating 5 ns peaking time pre- amplifiers. The measurement set-up also permits to study the depletion of the senso...

Testing Gyrokinetics on C-Mod and NSTX

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Redi, M.H.; Dorland, W.; Fiore, C.L.; Stutman, D.; Baumgaertel, J.A.; Davis, B.; Kaye, S.M.; McCune, D.C.; Menard, J.; Rewoldt, G.

2005-01-01

Quantitative benchmarks of computational physics codes against experiment are essential for the credible application of such codes. Fluctuation measurements can provide necessary critical tests of nonlinear gyrokinetic simulations, but such require extraordinary computational resources. Linear micro-stability calculations with the GS2 [1] gyrokinetic code have been carried out for tokamak and ST experiments which exhibit internal transport barriers (ITB) and good plasma confinement. Qualitative correlation is found for improved confinement before and during ITB plasmas on Alcator C-Mod [2] and NSTX [3], with weaker long wavelength micro-instabilities in the plasma core regions. Mixing length transport models are discussed. The NSTX L-mode is found to be near marginal stability for kinetic ballooning modes. Fully electromagnetic, linear, gyrokinetic calculations of the Alcator C-Mod ITB during off-axis rf heating, following four plasma species and including the complete electron response show ITG/TEM microturbulence is suppressed in the plasma core and in the barrier region before barrier formation, without recourse to the usual requirements of velocity shear or reversed magnetic shear [4-5]. No strongly growing long or short wavelength drift modes are found in the plasma core but strong ITG/TEM and ETG drift wave turbulence is found outside the barrier region. Linear microstability analysis is qualitatively consistent with the experimental transport analysis, showing low transport inside and high transport outside the ITB region before barrier formation, without consideration of ExB shear stabilization

Tsunami deposits

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2013-08-15

The NSC (the Nuclear Safety Commission of Japan) demand to survey on tsunami deposits by use of various technical methods (Dec. 2011), because tsunami deposits have useful information on tsunami activity, tsunami source etc. However, there are no guidelines on tsunami deposit survey in JAPAN. In order to prepare the guideline of tsunami deposits survey and evaluation and to develop the method of tsunami source estimation on the basis of tsunami deposits, JNES carried out the following issues; (1) organizing information of paleoseismological record and tsunami deposit by literature research, (2) field survey on tsunami deposit, and (3) designing the analysis code of sediment transport due to tsunami. As to (1), we organize the information gained about tsunami deposits in the database. As to (2), we consolidate methods for surveying and identifying tsunami deposits in the lake based on results of the field survey in Fukui Pref., carried out by JNES. In addition, as to (3), we design the experimental instrument for hydraulic experiment on sediment transport and sedimentation due to tsunamis. These results are reflected in the guideline on the tsunami deposits survey and evaluation. (author)

Tsunami deposits

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

2013-01-01

The NSC (the Nuclear Safety Commission of Japan) demand to survey on tsunami deposits by use of various technical methods (Dec. 2011), because tsunami deposits have useful information on tsunami activity, tsunami source etc. However, there are no guidelines on tsunami deposit survey in JAPAN. In order to prepare the guideline of tsunami deposits survey and evaluation and to develop the method of tsunami source estimation on the basis of tsunami deposits, JNES carried out the following issues; (1) organizing information of paleoseismological record and tsunami deposit by literature research, (2) field survey on tsunami deposit, and (3) designing the analysis code of sediment transport due to tsunami. As to (1), we organize the information gained about tsunami deposits in the database. As to (2), we consolidate methods for surveying and identifying tsunami deposits in the lake based on results of the field survey in Fukui Pref., carried out by JNES. In addition, as to (3), we design the experimental instrument for hydraulic experiment on sediment transport and sedimentation due to tsunamis. These results are reflected in the guideline on the tsunami deposits survey and evaluation. (author)

Intake of ruminant trans fatty acids and risk of coronary heart disease

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Jakobsen, Marianne Uhre; Overvad, Kim; Dyerberg, Jørn

2008-01-01

that R-TFA intake is innocuous or even protective against CHD. The aim of this study was to describe the association between R-TFA intake and risk of CHD evaluating both the absolute and the energy-adjusted intake. METHODS: The study was an 18-year follow-up study of 3686 Danes, aged 30-71 years......, at baseline without previous CHD. RESULTS: There were no overall associations between absolute or energy-adjusted R-TFA intakes and risk of CHD. However, among women, indications of inverse associations between R-TFA intake and risk of CHD were found: hazard ratio (HR) per 0.5 g increase in absolute R......-TFA intake = 0.84 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.70, 1.01] and HR per 0.5 g increase in energy-adjusted R-TFA intake = 0.77 (95% CI: 0.55, 1.09). No associations between absolute or energy-adjusted R-TFA intakes and CHD were found among men. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that R-TFA intake...

Nanostructured CdS thin films deposited by spray pyrolysis method

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kerimova, A.; Bagiyev, E.; Aliyeva, E.; Bayramov, A. [Institute of Physics, Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences, Baku (Azerbaijan)

2017-06-15

Influence of solution pH on the structural and optical properties of CdS films deposited by conventional spray pyrolysis technique was studied. X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), Photoluminescence spectroscopy (PLS), and Spectroscopic Ellipsometry (SE) methods were used for the characterization of the deposited films. PL spectrum of the film deposited from the solution with pH = 10.2 shows broad-band PL emission located at 460 nm (2.7 eV), which can be attributed to the quantum size effect at grain sizes of <10 nm. No shifts of ε{sub 1} and ε{sub 2} due to the quantum size effect are observed in dielectric function spectra, what can be caused by low concentration of nano-sized (<10 nm) CdS grains. The change in the film properties with the pH of the solution was analyzed in terms of variation of grain sizes of the polycrystalline films. (copyright 2017 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH and Co. KGaA, Weinheim)

A comparison of diamond growth rate using in-liquid and conventional plasma chemical vapor deposition methods

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Takahashi, Yoshiyuki; Toyota, Hiromichi; Nomura, Shinfuku; Mukasa, Shinobu; Inoue, Toru

2009-01-01

In order to make high-speed deposition of diamond effective, diamond growth rates for gas-phase microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition and in-liquid microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition are compared. A mixed gas of methane and hydrogen is used as the source gas for the gas-phase deposition, and a methanol solution of ethanol is used as the source liquid for the in-liquid deposition. The experimental system pressure is in the range of 60-150 kPa. While the growth rate of diamond increases as the pressure increases, the amount of input microwave energy per unit volume of diamond is 1 kW h/mm 3 regardless of the method used. Since the in-liquid deposition method provides a superior cooling effect through the evaporation of the liquid itself, a higher electric input power can be applied to the electrodes under higher pressure environments. The growth rate of in-liquid microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition process is found to be greater than conventional gas-phase microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition process under the same pressure conditions.

A comparison of diamond growth rate using in-liquid and conventional plasma chemical vapor deposition methods

Science.gov (United States)

Takahashi, Yoshiyuki; Toyota, Hiromichi; Nomura, Shinfuku; Mukasa, Shinobu; Inoue, Toru

2009-06-01

In order to make high-speed deposition of diamond effective, diamond growth rates for gas-phase microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition and in-liquid microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition are compared. A mixed gas of methane and hydrogen is used as the source gas for the gas-phase deposition, and a methanol solution of ethanol is used as the source liquid for the in-liquid deposition. The experimental system pressure is in the range of 60-150 kPa. While the growth rate of diamond increases as the pressure increases, the amount of input microwave energy per unit volume of diamond is 1 kW h/mm3 regardless of the method used. Since the in-liquid deposition method provides a superior cooling effect through the evaporation of the liquid itself, a higher electric input power can be applied to the electrodes under higher pressure environments. The growth rate of in-liquid microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition process is found to be greater than conventional gas-phase microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition process under the same pressure conditions.

L’essai de la modélisation systématique de la transformation de l’espace et les modèles numériques prédictifs dans la géographie physique

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Andrei-Emil BRICIU

2009-06-01

Full Text Available Dans cet article nous présentons les principes (géographique et informatique qui ont développé un modèledynamique des Collines de Tutova à l’aide du logiciel SpaCelle: on a une carte dynamique quiessaie (à partir d’une combinaison d'aléatoire et de déterminisme stricte, donc à partir d’unedérivation locale de la théorie du chaos de représenter l'évolution de la morphohydrographiedes Collines de Tutova depuis le Méotien jusqu'à l'Holocène. La prise en compte du temps nonseulement en tant que facteur abstrait ou coordonné, mais en tant qu’expression directe del'espace, impose une méthode géographique qui présente de nombreux potentiels.Des recherches récentes, faites en Roumanie ou à l'étranger, ont mis en évidencel'émergence d'un nouveau type d'analyse géographique. Il s’agit d’une analyse moins connue,une analyse spatio-temporelle qui traite de la dynamique des phénomènes géographiques. Elleutilise des automates cellulaires divers, tels que CAESAR (The Cellular AutomatonEvolutionary Slope And River model pour créer des modèles numériques de l'évolution quiprennent en compte un élément essentiel: le temps. Les modèles numériques standards enRoumanie sont statiques et, même s’ils présentent les différentes étapes d'un lieu, ces étapesne sont pas liées entre elles par un énoncé déterministe et continu.Nous avons utilisé l‘automate cellulaire SpaCelle v4.0 développé par Langlois (2000 dansle cadre du Laboratoire MTG, Université de Rouen. On a obtenu un modèle dynamique durelief. Nous avons adopté l’appellation de MNP (Modèle Numérique Prédictif pour ce modèleparce que, même si c’est le dynamisme qui caractérise les paramètres, ce dynamisme estsimplement le résultat des hypothèses et des perspectives théoriques. Ce qu’on vise par un telmodèle c’est l’identification des caractéristiques de l'évolution à partir d'un point de vuethéorique ou d'un autre, le

Assessment of nasal spray deposition pattern in a silicone human nose model using a color-based method.

Science.gov (United States)

Kundoor, Vipra; Dalby, Richard N

2010-01-01

To develop a simple and inexpensive method to visualize and quantify droplet deposition patterns. Deposition pattern was determined by uniformly coating the nose model with Sar-Gel (a paste that changes from white to purple on contact with water) and subsequently discharging sprays into the nose model. The color change was captured using a digital camera and analyzed using Adobe Photoshop. Several tests were conducted to validate the method. Deposition patterns of different nasal sprays (Ayr, Afrin, and Zicam) and different nasal drug delivery devices (Afrin nasal spray and PARI Sinustar nasal nebulizer) were compared. We also used the method to evaluate the effect of inhaled flow rate on nasal spray deposition. There was a significant difference in the deposition area for Ayr, Afrin, and Zicam. The deposition areas of Afrin nasal spray and PARI Sinustar nasal nebulizer (2 min and 5 min) were significantly different. Inhaled flow rate did not have a significant effect on the deposition pattern. Lower viscosity formulations (Ayr, Afrin) provided greater coverage than the higher viscosity formulation (Zicam). The nebulizer covered a greater surface area than the spray pump we evaluated. Aerosol deposition in the nose model was not affected by air flow conditions.

A sensitive new method of ex vivo platelet deposition

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Badimon, L.; Fuster, V.; Dewanjee, M.K.; Romero, J.C.

1982-01-01

In 1978, an in vivo quantitative method of platelet aggregation based on the increment of weight of a rabbit tendon when superfused with flowing blood (3 ml/min) derived from a carotid artery of a cat and reentering the contralateral jugular vein was reported. TO increase the sensitivity of the method, researches labeled platelets with indium-111 and reinjected them after two hours; then, with a gamma counter, researches quantitated the 111 In-labeled platelets deposited on the superfused rabbit tendon. Results of the radioactivity method and of the weight method were compared. Researchers found that the 111 In-labeling of platelets was more precise and reproducible method, rendering possible the use of a small amount of blood without need for reentry into the venous system

Experiment data report for Semiscale Mod-1 test S-28-3 (steam generator tube rupture test)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gillins, R.L.; Sackett, K.E.

1977-10-01

Recorded test data are presented for Test S-28-3 of the Semiscale Mod-1 steam generator tube rupture test series. These tests are among several Semiscale Mod-1 experiments conducted to investigate the thermal and hydraulic phenomena accompanying a hypothesized loss-of-coolant accident in a pressurized water reactor (PWR) system. Test S-28-3 was conducted from initial conditions of 15621 kPa and 555 K to investigate the response of the Semiscale Mod-1 system to a depressurization and reflood transient following a simulated double-ended offset shear of the broken loop cold leg piping. During the test, cooling water was injected into the cold leg of the intact and broken loops to simulate emergency core coolant injection in a PWR. Twelve steam generator tube ruptures were simulated by a controlled injection from a heated accumulator into the intact loop hot leg

Experiment data report for semiscale Mod-1 test S-28-2 (steam generator tube rupture test)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Patton, M.L.; Sackett, K.E.

1977-10-01

Recorded test data are presented for Test S-28-2 of the Semiscale Mod-1 steam generator tube rupture test series. These tests are among several Semiscale Mod-1 experiments conducted to investigate the thermal and hydraulic phenomena accompanying a hypothesized loss-of-coolant accident in a pressurized water reactor (PWR) system. Test S-28-2 was conducted from initial conditions of 15 936 kPa and 558 K to investigate the response of the Semiscale Mod-1 system to a depressurization and reflood transient following a simulated double-ended offset shear of the broken loop cold leg piping. During the test, cooling water was injected into the cold leg of the intact and broken loops to simulate emergency core coolant injection in a PWR. For Test S-28-2, accumulator injection into the intact loop hot leg was provided to simulate simulate the rupture of six steam generator tubes

Experiment data report for semiscale Mod-1 test S-28-4 (steam generator tube rupture test)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Esparza, V.; Sackett, K.E.

1977-10-01

Recorded test data are presented for Test S-28-4 of the Semiscale Mod-1 steam generator tube rupture test series. These tests are among several Semiscale Mod-1 experiments conducted to investigate the thermal and hydraulic phenomena accompanying a hypothesized loss-of-coolant accident in a pressurized water reactor (PWR) system. Test S-28-4 was conducted from initial conditions of 15 646 kPa and 557 K to investigate the response of the Semiscale Mod-1 system to a depressurization and reflood transient following a simulated double-ended offset shear of the broken loop cold leg piping. During the test, cooling water was injected into the cold leg of the intact and broken loops to simulate emergency core coolant injection in a PWR. Thirty steam generator tube ruptures were simulated by a controlled injection from a heated accumulator into the intact loop hot leg

Code option guideline improvement using comparisons of RELAP4/MOD6 with forced and gravity-feed reflood data. [PWR

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Chen, T H; Fletcher, C D

1978-09-01

Improved guidelines are developed for the selection of RELAP4/MOD6 reflood heat transfer options. The development, involving modifications to the original guidelines, assessed the effect of those modifications on RELAP4/MOD6 data comparisons using previously analyzed reflood experiments. The report also presents an evaluation of the application of the revised guidelines. Data comparisons between RELAP4/MOD6, using the original and revised guidelines, and experimental data are presented for Semiscale and FLECHT, forced-feed reflood tests and Semiscale and FLECHT-SET gravity-feed reflood tests. Because a general improvement was evident in data comparisons using the revised guidelines, their use is recommended in future calculations.

Electrical properties of aluminum contacts deposited by DC sputtering method for photovoltaic applications

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Krawczak Ewelina

2017-01-01

Full Text Available The use of aluminum contacts is common in the process of silicon solar cells production because of low contact resistivity. It has also a great importance in thin film technology for photovoltaics, especially in copper-indium-gallium-diselenide (CIGS devices. The final stage of CIGS cell production is the top contact deposition of high conductivity layer for lateral current collection. Such material has to be highly optically transparent as well. In order to make a contact, metal is deposited onto TCO layer with minimum shadowing to allow as much light as possible into device. The metal grid contact is being made by deposition of few microns of aluminum. The resistivity of the deposited material as well as resistance between the metal grid and TCO layer plays a great role in high quality solar cell production. This paper presents the results of four point probe conductivity analysis of Al thin films deposited by direct current (DC magnetron sputtering method. Influence of technological parameters of the Al deposition process on sheet resistance of deposited layers has been showed. In order to obtain the lowest resistivity of the thin contact layer, optimal set of sputtering parameters, i.e. power applied, deposition time and deposition pressure was found. The resistivity of the contact between two adjacent Al metal fingers deposited onto transparent conductive Al-doped zinc oxide film has been also examined.

Electrical properties of aluminum contacts deposited by DC sputtering method for photovoltaic applications

Science.gov (United States)

Krawczak, Ewelina; Gułkowski, Sławomir

2017-10-01

The use of aluminum contacts is common in the process of silicon solar cells production because of low contact resistivity. It has also a great importance in thin film technology for photovoltaics, especially in copper-indium-gallium-diselenide (CIGS) devices. The final stage of CIGS cell production is the top contact deposition of high conductivity layer for lateral current collection. Such material has to be highly optically transparent as well. In order to make a contact, metal is deposited onto TCO layer with minimum shadowing to allow as much light as possible into device. The metal grid contact is being made by deposition of few microns of aluminum. The resistivity of the deposited material as well as resistance between the metal grid and TCO layer plays a great role in high quality solar cell production. This paper presents the results of four point probe conductivity analysis of Al thin films deposited by direct current (DC) magnetron sputtering method. Influence of technological parameters of the Al deposition process on sheet resistance of deposited layers has been showed. In order to obtain the lowest resistivity of the thin contact layer, optimal set of sputtering parameters, i.e. power applied, deposition time and deposition pressure was found. The resistivity of the contact between two adjacent Al metal fingers deposited onto transparent conductive Al-doped zinc oxide film has been also examined.

Orbit Representations from Linear mod 1 Transformations

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Carlos Correia Ramos

2012-05-01

Full Text Available We show that every point $x_0in [0,1]$ carries a representationof a $C^*$-algebra that encodes the orbit structure of thelinear mod 1 interval map $f_{eta,alpha}(x=eta x +alpha$. Such $C^*$-algebra is generated by partial isometries arising from the subintervals of monotonicity of the underlying map $f_{eta,alpha}$. Then we prove that such representation is irreducible. Moreover two such of representations are unitarily equivalent if and only if the points belong to the same generalized orbit, for every $alphain [0,1[$ and $etageq 1$.

Conceptual design Alcator C-MOD magnetic systems

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Schultz, J.H.; Becker, H.; Fertl, K.; Gwinn, D.; Montgomery, D.B.; Pierce, N.T.; Pillsbury, R.D. Jr.; Thome, R.J.

1986-01-01

The conceptual designs of the magnetic systems for Alcator C-MOD, a proposed tokamak at M.I.T., are described, including the toroidal magnet, the poloidal field coils and the cryogenic system. The toroidal magnet is constructed from rectangular plates, connected by sliding joints. Toroidal magnet forces are contained by a steel superstructure. Poloidal coil system options are largely or wholly inside the TF magnet, in order to control plasmas with high current, strong shaping, and expanded boundaries. All magnets are cryocooled by the natural circulation of boiling liquid nitrogen. 3 refs., 5 figs

Use of moving heat conductor mesh to perform reflood calculations with RELAP4/MOD6

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Fischer, S.R.; Ellis, L.V.; Chen, Y.S.

1979-01-01

RELAP4 is a computer code which can be used for the transient thermal hydraulic analysis of light water reactors and related systems. RELAP4/MOD6 includes many new analytical models which were developed primarily for the analysis of the reflood phase of a PWR loss-of-coolant accident (LOCA) transient. The key feature forming the basis for the MOD6 reflood calculation is a unique moving finite differenced heat conductor. The development and application of the moving heat conductor mesh for use in reflood analysis are described

Construction of low-cost, Mod-OA wood composite wind turbine blades

Science.gov (United States)

Lark, R. F.

1983-01-01

Two sixty-foot, low-cost, wood composite blades for service on 200 kW Mod-OA wind turbines were constructed. The blades were constructed of epoxy resin-bonded Douglas fir veneers for the leading edge sections, and paper honeycombcored, birch plywood faced panels for the afterbody sections. The blades were joined to the wind turbine hub by epoxy resin-bonded steel load take-off studs embedded into the root end of the blades. The blades were installed on the 200 kW Mod-OA wind turbine facility at Kahuku, Hawaii, The blades completed nearly 8,000 hours of operation over an 18 month period at an average power of 150 kW prior to replacement with another set of wood composite blades. The blades were replaced because of a corrosion failure of the steel shank on one stud. Inspections showed that the wood composite structure remained in excellent condition.

Novel composite cBN-TiN coating deposition method: structure and performance in metal cutting

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Russell, W.C.; Malshe, A.P.; Yedave, S.N.; Brown, W.D.

2001-01-01

Cubic boron nitride coatings are under development for a variety of applications but stabilization of the pure cBN form and adhesion of films deposited by PVD and ion-based methods has been difficult. An alternative method for depositing a composite cBN-TiN film has been developed for wear related applications. The coating is deposited in a two-stage process utilizing ESC (electrostatic spray coating) and CVI (chemical vapor infiltration). Fully dense films of cBN particles evenly dispersed in a continuous TiN matrix have been developed. Testing in metal cutting has shown an increase in tool life (turning - 4340 steel) of three to seven times, depending of machining parameters, in comparison with CVD deposited TiN films. (author)

3D effects on RWM physics in RFX-mod

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Baruzzo, M.; Bolzonella, T.; Guo, S.C.; Marchiori, G.; Paccagnella, R.; Soppelsa, A.; Wang, Z.R.; Liu, Y.Q.; Villone, F.

2011-01-01

In this paper insights into the behaviour of resistive wall modes (RWMs) in the RFX-mod reversed field pinch device are given, with a focus on 3D issues in the characterization of the m spectrum of the mode and on the study of multi-harmonic coupling. In the first part of the paper the interaction between multiple unstable RWMs is studied and the presence of a coupling between different poloidal components of the most unstable RWM is demonstrated, taking advantage of the flexibility of the RFX-mod control system. In the second part of the work, the dependence of the growth rates of RWMs on a complete set of plasma parameters is studied in order to create a complete and homogeneous database, which permits a careful validation of stability codes. Finally, the experimental data are compared with the code predictions which take into account the 3D structure of conductors around the plasma. The different effects that modify the simple description, where unstable modes can be identified with single Fourier harmonics, appear to be explained by a mixture of toroidicity-induced and 3D eddy current effects.

RELAP4/MOD6 analysis of forced- and gravity-feed reflood tests

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Chen, T.H.; Fletcher, C.D.

1980-01-01

The RELAP4/MOD6 computer code is used for the analysis of the reactor core heat transfer during the reflooding phase of a postulated loss-of-coolant accident (LOCA) in a pressurized water reactor (PWR). The code requires the user to specify input parameters for the reflood heat transfer models. Results of previous comparisons of code calculations with experimental data have indicated no single selection of input parameters is adequate for a spectrum of tests and test facilities. This paper presents the development of revised quidelines and assesses the effect of those modifications on RELAP4/MOD6 data comparisons using previously analyzed reflood experiments. The paper also presents an assessment of the revised guidelines and the original guidelines against experimental data significantly different from previously analyzed tests

Permeability Damage Due to Asphaltene Deposition : Experimental and Modeling Aspects Endommagement d'un milieu poreux par dépôts d'asphaltènes : expériences et modélisation

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Minssieux L.

2006-12-01

Full Text Available The flow properties of several asphaltenic crudes were studied at reservoir temperature in rocks of different morphology and mineralogy. The experiments performed showed a progressive reduction in permeability to oil during injection, varying in rate according to the system considered. The existence of organic deposits was verified by Rock-Evalpyrolysis measurements made on sections of samples taken at the end of flow at different distances from the entry face. This technique enables the profile of the deposits to be quantified. The interpretation of the permeability damage experiments and their simulation are treated by comparing the asphaltenes in oil to colloidal particles in suspension, capable of being deposited at the surface of the pores and thus reducing the permeability of the porous medium. The first simulations were carried out using the PARISIFP particle damage model, which has recently been extended to the case of multi-layer deposition. A satisfactory qualitative agreement is observed with the experimental results. Les propriétés d'écoulement de plusieurs bruts asphalténiques ont été étudiées à la température du réservoir d'origine dans des roches de morphologie et minéralogie différentes. Les expériences réalisées mettent en évidence une réduction progressive de la perméabilité à l'huile au cours de l'injection, plus ou moins rapide selon les cas. L'existence de dépôts organiques a été vérifiée par des mesures de pyrolyse Rock-Evaleffectuées sur des sections d'échantillons prélevées en fin d'écoulement à différentes distances de la face d'entrée. Cette technique permet de quantifier le profil des dépôts. L'interprétation des expériences de colmatage et leur simulation sont traitées en assimilant les asphaltènes dans l'huile à des particules colloïdales en suspension, susceptibles de se déposer à la surface des pores et ainsi de réduire la perméabilité du milieu poreux. Les premi

In vitro characterization of hydroxyapatite layers deposited by APS and HVOF thermal spraying methods

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Radu Alexandru Roşu

2012-03-01

Full Text Available Titanium alloys are successfully used in medicine as implants due to their high mechanical properties and good biocompatibility. To improve implant osseointegration of titanium alloys, they are covered with hydroxyapatite because of its bioactive properties. Coating the implants with hydroxyapatite by thermal spraying, due to the temperatures developed during the deposition process, the structure can be degraded, leading to formation of secondary phases, such as TCP, TT CP, CaO. The paper presents the experimental results of hydroxyapatite layers deposition by two thermal spraying methods: Atmospheric Plasma Spraying (APS and High Velocity Oxy-Fuel (HVOF. The microstructure of the deposited layers is characterized by X-ray diffraction analysis and electronic microscopy. The bioactivity of the hydroxyapatite layers was investigated in Simulated Body Fluid (SBF by immersing the covered samples deposited by the two thermal spraying methods. In both cases the coatings did not present defects as cracks or microcracks. X-ray diffraction performed on hydroxyapatite deposited layers shows that the structure was strongly influenced by plasma jet temperature, the structure consisting mainly of TCP (Ca3PO42. The samples deposited by HVO F after immersing in SBF lead to formation of biological hydroxyapatite, certifying the good bioactivity of the coatings.

Du teikei à l’AMAP, un modèle acculturé

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Jean Lagane

2011-05-01

Full Text Available Cet article compare à travers deux ethnographies en France et au Japon le modèle français de l’AMAP – association de maintien de l’agriculture paysanne – au modèle dont il se réclame, le teikei, système japonais de partenariat agricole entre producteurs et consommateurs. Terrain en mutation permanente, le développement des formes de circuit court et leurs emprunts accentuent lors de la transposition la nécessité de coller le plus étroitement possible à la réalité du terrain, à son histoire sociétale, à ses traditions institutionnelles et culturelles, à ses crises, à ses dynamiques. L’analyse fait apparaître à travers les similitudes, dissemblances et adaptations de ce modèle d’emprunt, l’incidence et la complexité de la prise en compte de facteurs culturels.After two ethnological fieldworks completed in France and Japan, this article deals with the French system of Community Supported Agriculture - AMAP - and its Japanese inspiration counterpart, the Teikei system built upon local solidarity-based partnerships between farmers and members. Constantly evolving, the growing process of agriculture one-shot sale circuits and the way they are received in other cultures recalls the necessity to tune with the reality of these societies, their history, their institutional and cultural traditions as well as their crises and dynamics. The analysis emphasizes the complexity of the acculturation process related with points of convergence and discrepancy.

[Soil carbohydrates: their determination methods and indication functions].

Science.gov (United States)

Zhang, Wei; Xie, Hongtu; He, Hongbo; Zheng, Lichen; Wang, Ge

2006-08-01

Soil carbohydrates are the important component of soil organic matter, and play an important role in soil aggregation formation. Their hydrolysis methods involve sulfur acid (H2SO4), hydrochloric acid (HCl), and trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) hydrolysis, and their determination methods include colorimetry, gas-liquid chromatography (GLC) , high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and high performance anion-exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAE-PAD). This paper summarized the methods of carbohydrates' hydrolysis, purification and detection, with focus on the derived methods of GLC, and briefly introduced the indication functions of carbohydrates in soil organic matter turnover.

RELAP4/MOD-5-CEA pump coastdown experiment simulation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Borges, R.C.; Freitas, R.L.

1988-07-01

Since is important the theoretical-experimental comparison to evaluate the computer codes, these paper presents the simulation with RELAP4/MOD5 Code of a loss of power energy in the pump of the ''Circuito Experimental de Agua-CEA''. From the results attained, the existing models in the Code showed to be very satisfatory quantitative and qualitative behavior of the attained experimental results. (author) [pt

Weakening of thickness dependence of J{sub C} in YBa{sub 2}Cu{sub 3}O{sub 7-δ} films using a titanium-added MOD precursor solution

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Zhang, H.L., E-mail: zhanghuiliang@mail.iee.ac.cn [Key Laboratory of Applied Superconductivity, Institute of Electrical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190 (China); University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049 (China); School of Science, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan 056038 (China); Ding, F.Z., E-mail: dingfazhu@mail.iee.ac.cn [Key Laboratory of Applied Superconductivity, Institute of Electrical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190 (China); University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049 (China); Gu, H.W., E-mail: guhw@mail.iee.ac.cn [Key Laboratory of Applied Superconductivity, Institute of Electrical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190 (China); University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049 (China); Dong, Z.B. [Key Laboratory of Applied Superconductivity, Institute of Electrical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190 (China); University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049 (China); Qu, F.; Zhang, H.; Shang, H.J. [Key Laboratory of Applied Superconductivity, Institute of Electrical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190 (China)

2017-04-15

Highlights: • The thickness dependence of J{sub C} in YBCO film was weakened by introducing BaTiO{sub 3} nanoparticles into YBCO matrix. • The high I{sub C} value of 430 MA/cm-width was obtained in the BaTiO{sub 3}-doped YBCO film prepared by the MOD method. • The YBCO composite thick film prepared by using the precursor solution with polyethyleneglycol shows a compact and smooth surface. - Abstract: BaTiO{sub 3} (BTO)-doped YBa{sub 2}Cu{sub 3}O{sub 7-δ} (YBCO) films were prepared by the metal-organic deposition method using a precursor solution with titanium ion. These YBCO films were deposited on (00l)-oriented LaAlO{sub 3} single-crystal substrates using an automated dip coater. The thickness dependence of critical current density (J{sub C}) in the BTO-doped YBCO films was investigated. The J{sub C} value of the YBCO composite film was reduced from 6.3 to 4.6 MA/cm{sup 2} with increasing film thickness from 450 to 930 nm in self-filed at 77 K, which arose mainly from degradation of texture and roughening of the film. However, relative to undoped YBCO thick films, J{sub C} values of the YBCO composite thick films were greatly improved, and more importantly, the reduction in J{sub C} with increasing film thickness was hindered, especially in a high magnetic field. This result indicated that the introduction of BTO nanoparticles as pinning centers into YBCO matrix weakened the thickness dependence of J{sub C}.

TRAC-PF1 MOD1 post test calculations of the OECD LOFT Experiment LP-SB-1

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Allen, E.J.

1990-04-01

Analysis of the small, hot leg break, OECD LOFT Experiment LP-SB-1. using the ''best-estimate'' computer code TRAC-PF1/MOD1 is presented. Descriptions of the LOFT facility and the LP-SB-1 experiment are given and development of the TRAC-PF1/MOD1 input model is detailed. The calculations performed in achieving the steady state conditions, from which the experiment was initiated, and the specification of experimental boundary conditions are outlined. 24 refs., 66 figs., 12 tabs

Mod-5A Wind Turbine Generator Program Design Report. Volume 4: Drawings and Specifications, Book 1

Science.gov (United States)

1984-01-01

The design, development and analysis of the 7.3 MW MOD-5A wind turbine generator is documented. Volume 4 contains the drawings and specifications that were developed in preparation for building the MOD-5A wind turbine generator. This is the first of five books of volume four. It contains structural design criteria, generator step-up transformer specs, specs for design, fabrication and testing of the system, specs for the ground control enclosure, systems specs, slip ring specs, and control system specs.

A New Method for in Situ Measurement of Bt-Maize Pollen Deposition on Host-Plant Leaves

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Rudolph Vögel

2011-02-01

Full Text Available Maize is wind pollinated and produces huge amounts of pollen. In consequence, the Cry toxins expressed in the pollen of Bt maize will be dispersed by wind in the surrounding vegetation leading to exposure of non-target organisms (NTO. NTO like lepidopteran larvae may be affected by the uptake of Bt-pollen deposited on their host plants. Although some information is available to estimate pollen deposition on host plants, recorded data are based on indirect measurements such as shaking or washing off pollen, or removing pollen with adhesive tapes. These methods often lack precision and they do not include the necessary information such as the spatial and temporal variation of pollen deposition on the leaves. Here, we present a new method for recording in situ the amount and the distribution of Bt-maize pollen deposited on host plant leaves. The method is based on the use of a mobile digital microscope (Dino-Lite Pro, including DinoCapture software, which can be used in combination with a notebook in the field. The method was evaluated during experiments in 2008 to 2010. Maize pollen could be correctly identified and pollen deposition as well as the spatial heterogeneity of maize pollen deposition was recorded on maize and different lepidopteran host plants (Centaurea scabiosa, Chenopodium album, Rumex spp., Succina pratensis and Urtica dioica growing adjacent to maize fields.

Evaluation of the RELAP4/MOD6 thermal-hydraulic code

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Haigh, W.S.; Margolis, S.G.; Rice, R.E.

1978-01-01

The NRC RELAP4/MOD6 computer code was recently released to the public for use in thermal-hydraulic analysis. This code has a unique new capability permitting analysis of both the blowdown and reflood portions of a postulated pressurized water reactor (PWR) loss-of-coolant accident (LOCA). A principal code evaluation objective is to assess the accuracy of the code for computing LOCA behavior over a wide range of system sizes and scaling concepts. The scales of interest include all LOCA experiments and will ultimately encompass full-sized PWR systems for which no experiments or data are available. Quantitative assessment of the accuracy of the code when it is applied to large PWR systems is still in the future. With RELAP4/MOD6, however, a technique has been demonstrated for using results derived from small-scale blowdown and reflood experiments to predict the accuracy of calculations for similar experiments of significantly different scale or component size. This demonstration is considered a first step in establishing confidence levels for the accuracy of calculations of a postulated LOCA

TRAC-PF1/MOD3 calculations of Savannah River Laboratory Rig FA single-annulus heated experiments

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Fischer, S.R.; McDaniel, C.K.

1992-01-01

This paper presents the results of TRAC-PF1/MOD3 benchmarks of the Rig FA experiments performed at the Savannah River Laboratory to simulate prototypic reactor fuel assembly behavior over a range of fluid conditions typical of the emergency cooling system (ECS) phase of a loss-of-coolant accident (LOCA). The primary purpose of this work was to use the SRL Rig FA tests to qualify the TRAC-PF1/MOD3 computer code and models for computing Mark-22 fuel assembly LOCA/ECS power limits. This qualification effort was part of a larger effort undertaken by the Los Alamos National Laboratory for the US Department of Energy to independently confirm power limits for the Savannah River Site K Reactor. The results of this benchmark effort as discussed in this paper demonstrate that TRAC/PF1/MOD3 coupled with proper modeling is capable of simulating thermal-hydraulic phenomena typical of that encountered in Mark-22 fuel assembly during LOCA/ECS conditions

RELAP5/MOD2 code modifications to obtain better predictions for the once-through steam generator

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Blanchat, T.; Hassan, Y.

1989-01-01

The steam generator is a major component in pressurized water reactors. Predicting the response of a steam generator during both steady-state and transient conditions is essential in studying the thermal-hydraulic behavior of a nuclear reactor coolant system. Therefore, many analytical and experimental efforts have been performed to investigate the thermal-hydraulic behavior of the steam generators during operational and accident transients. The objective of this study is to predict the behavior of the secondary side of the once-through steam generator (OTSG) using the RELAP5/MOD2 computer code. Steady-state conditions were predicted with the current version of the RELAP5/MOD2 code and compared with experimental plant data. The code predictions consistently underpredict the degree of superheat. A new interface friction model has been implemented in a modified version of RELAP5/MOD2. This modification, along with changes to the flow regime transition criteria and the heat transfer correlations, correctly predicts the degree of superheat and matches plant data

PREFACE: Modern Technologies in Industrial Engineering (ModTech2015)

Science.gov (United States)

Oanta, E.; Comaneci, R.; Carausu, C.; Placzek, M.; Cohal, V.; Topala, P.; Nedelcu, D.

2015-11-01

The dominant feature of the current stage of society development is the update, refinement and innovation of the technological processes and products whose ultimate goal is to satisfy the market requirements. New and modern technologies should be considered in terms of their applicability in industry while the materials can lead to an increase in the quality of the end products. Replacing the existing technologies with innovative and eco-efficient technologies can contribute to an added value increase in the production of new materials. Materials are one of the most dynamic and prospective fields, with applications in all other fields. The development of new advanced materials and technologies shall contribute to the procurement of a wide range of reliable products, with competitive prices and worldwide performance, high sensitivity and functionality, user-friendly and reduced energy consumption, for different industrial applications. Research in the field of advanced/intelligent materials supposes a fundamental, experimental, laboratory and technological research and its approach has to be linked to the application. This involves, even for the niche fields, complex projects which result in scientific issues in top journals, patents and functional models. The third edition of ModTech International Conference was held in Mamaia, Romania, between June 17-20, with the Professional Association in Modern Manufacturing Technologies, ModTech, as main organizer, and the Constanta Maritime University, Constanta, Romania, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland, the Technical University of Chisinau, Republic of Moldova and the Donetsk National Technical University, Donetsk, Ukraine as co-organizers. The ModTech2015 International Conference brought together representatives of technology and materials manufacturers, various universities, professional associations and research institutes that exchanged the latest knowledge on the conference topics. This edition was

Comparison of microscopic method and computational program for pesticide deposition evaluation of spraying

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Chaim Aldemir

2002-01-01

Full Text Available The main objective of this work was to compare two methods to estimate the deposition of pesticide applied by aerial spraying. Hundred and fifty pieces of water sensitive paper were distributed over an area of 50 m length by 75 m width for sampling droplets sprayed by an aircraft calibrated to apply a spray volume of 32 L/ha. The samples were analysed by visual microscopic method using NG 2 Porton graticule and by an image analyser computer program. The results reached by visual microscopic method were the following: volume median diameter, 398±62 mum; number median diameter, 159±22 mum; droplet density, 22.5±7.0 droplets/cm² and estimated deposited volume, 22.2±9.4 L/ha. The respective ones reached with the computer program were: 402±58 mum, 161±32 mum, 21.9±7.5 droplets/cm² and 21.9±9.2 L/ha. Graphs of the spatial distribution of droplet density and deposited spray volume on the area were produced by the computer program.

Mission Operations Directorate - Success Legacy of the Space Shuttle Program (Overview of the Evolution and Success Stories from MOD During the Space Shuttle program)

Science.gov (United States)

Azbell, Jim A.

2011-01-01

In support of the Space Shuttle Program, as well as NASA's other human space flight programs, the Mission Operations Directorate (MOD) at the Johnson Space Center has become the world leader in human spaceflight operations. From the earliest programs - Mercury, Gemini, Apollo - through Skylab, Shuttle, ISS, and our Exploration initiatives, MOD and its predecessors have pioneered ops concepts and emphasized a history of mission leadership which has added value, maximized mission success, and built on continual improvement of the capabilities to become more efficient and effective. This paper provides specific examples that illustrate how MOD's focus on building and contributing value with diverse teams has been key to their successes both with the US space industry and the broader international community. This paper will discuss specific examples for the Plan, Train, Fly, and Facilities aspects within MOD. This paper also provides a discussion of the joint civil servant/contractor environment and the relative badge-less society within MOD. Several Shuttle mission related examples have also been included that encompass all of the aforementioned MOD elements and attributes, and are used to show significant MOD successes within the Shuttle Program. These examples include the STS-49 Intelsat recovery and repair, the (post-Columbia accident) TPS inspection process and the associated R-Bar Pitch Maneuver for ISS missions, and the STS-400 rescue mission preparation efforts for the Hubble Space Telescope repair mission. Since their beginning, MOD has consistently demonstrated their ability to evolve and respond to an ever changing environment, effectively prepare for the expected and successfully respond to the unexpected, and develop leaders, expertise, and a culture that has led to mission and Program success.

Assessment of RELAP5/MOD3.2 with condensation experiment in the presence of noncondensables in a vertical tube

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Park, Hyun Sik; No, Hee Cheon [Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Taejon (Korea, Republic of)

1999-12-31

The standard RELAP5/MOD3.2 code were assessed with the condensation experiment in the presence of noncondensable gas in a vertical tube of PCCS of CP-1300. There are two wall film condensation models, the default model and the alternative model, in RELAP5/MOD3.2. The experimental apparatus was modeled with the two models, and simulations were performed for several sub-tests to be compared with the experimental results. In overall sense the simulation results showed that the default model of RELAP5/MOD3.2 under-predicts the heat transfer coefficients, while the alternative model over-predicts them throughout the condensing tube. 10 refs., 6 figs. (Author)

Assessment of RELAP5/MOD3.2 with condensation experiment in the presence of noncondensables in a vertical tube

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Park, Hyun Sik; No, Hee Cheon [Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Taejon (Korea, Republic of)

1998-12-31

The standard RELAP5/MOD3.2 code were assessed with the condensation experiment in the presence of noncondensable gas in a vertical tube of PCCS of CP-1300. There are two wall film condensation models, the default model and the alternative model, in RELAP5/MOD3.2. The experimental apparatus was modeled with the two models, and simulations were performed for several sub-tests to be compared with the experimental results. In overall sense the simulation results showed that the default model of RELAP5/MOD3.2 under-predicts the heat transfer coefficients, while the alternative model over-predicts them throughout the condensing tube. 10 refs., 6 figs. (Author)

Evaluation of the applicability of cladding deformation model in RELAP5/MOD3.2 code for VVER-1000 fuel

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Vorob'ev, Yu.; Zhabin, O.

2015-01-01

Applicability of cladding deformation model in RELAP5/MOD3.2 code is analyzed for VVER-1000 fuel cladding from Zr+1%Nb alloy. Experimental data and calculation model of fuel assembly channel of the core are used for this purpose. The model applicability is tested for the cladding temperature range from 600 to 1200 deg C and pressure range from 1 to 12 MPa. Evaluation results demonstrate limited applicability of built-in RELAP5/MOD3.2 cladding deformation model to the estimation of Zr+1%Nb cladding rupture conditions. The limitations found shall be considered in application of RELAP5/MOD3.2 cladding deformation model in the design-basis accident analysis of VVER reactors

Characterization of an innovative method for RuO2 deposition using Electron Microscopy

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Cavalca, Filippo

Many photocatalysts work better or exclusively when a suitable cocatalyst, such as RuO2, is deposited on their surface. An innovative method of RuO2 deposition has been found to improve the performance of photocatalysts such as (Ga1-xZnx)(N1-xOx), WO3, SrTiO3 and TiO2. Here we use high angle annu...

L’esprit du droit : modèle russe contre modèle français Sense of law : Russian model versus French model

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Chantal Kourilsky-Augeven

2009-06-01

Full Text Available Un stéréotype récurrent dans la littérature russe distingue entre un « esprit » ou « sens du droit » qui serait propre à la culture française et un « sens de la justice » qui serait propre à la culture russe. Cette distinction s’appliquerait au premier chef à une religion catholique qualifiée de juridique en ce qu’elle serait comptable des péchés et une religion orthodoxe davantage fondée sur l’amour. Mais le modèle traditionnel russe pris en compte par la littérature, l’histoire et l’anthropologie ne saurait être statique. Deux enquêtes menées auprès de populations d’adolescents et d’adultes en 1993 et 2000 montrent comment le modèle russe fondé sur la justice et la morale se juridicise et en arrive à rejoindre le modèle français sur plusieurs points.A recurring stereotype in Russian literature opposes a « sense of law » inherent to French culture to a « sense of justice » inherent to Russian culture.This distinction is first and foremost applied to a catholic religion qualified as legalistic due to a strict accounting of sins and an orthodox religion essentially based on love. But the traditional Russian model described by literature, history and anthropology is anything but static. Two research projects carried out among an adolescent and adult population sample in 1993 and 2000 show how a Russian model based on justice and morals is being judiciarized and is increasingly moving towards the French model on several accounts.

Methods of preparing deposits containing iron oxides for recycling

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

T. Lis

2013-04-01

Full Text Available The metallurgical industry is one of the largest sources of wastes. Some of them, however, owing to their content of metals such as zinc or iron, may become valuable secondary raw materials. In order to achieve that purpose, they require appropriate preparation. This article provides a discussion on the methods of preparation of scrap from steelworks, namely deposits containing iron oxides, enabling their recycling.

Disruption Neutral Point Experiment on Alcator C-Mod

Science.gov (United States)

Granetz, R. S.; Nakamura, Y.

2000-10-01

Disruptions of single-null elongated plasmas generally result in loss of vertical position control, leading to a current quench occurring at the top or bottom of the machine, with all the attendant problems of halo and eddy currents flowing in divertor structures. On JT-60U, it has been found that if the plasma is operated with its magnetic axis at a particular height, called the neutral point, the initial vertical drift after a thermal quench is significantly slower than usual, and sometimes can even be arrested, thereby avoiding a current quench in the divertor region entirely. In an ongoing collaboration between MIT and JAERI, the neutral point concept is being tested in Alcator C-Mod, which has a significantly higher plasma elongation than JT-60U (1.65 vs 1.3). Calculations using TSC predict a neutral point at z~=+1 cm above the midplane (a=22 cm). The existence of a neutral point has now been experimentally confirmed, albeit at a height of z=+2.7 cm. The plasma has remained vertically stable for up to 9 ms after the disruption thermal quench, which in principle, is long enough for the PF control system to respond, if programmed appropriately. In addition, the physics of the neutral point stability on C-Mod appears to be somewhat different than that on JT-60U.

Exploration of method determining hydrogeologic parameters of low permeability sandstone uranium deposits

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ji Hongbin; Wu Liwu; Cao Zhen

2012-01-01

A hypothesis of regarding injecting test as 'anti-pumping' test is presented, and pumping test's 'match line method' is used to process data of injecting test. Accurate hydrogeologic parameters can be obtained by injecting test in the sandstone uranium deposits with low permeability and small pumping volume. Taking injecting test in a uranium deposit of Xinjiang for example, the hydrogeologic parameters of main ore-bearing aquifer were calculated by using the 'anti-pumping' hypothesis. Results calculated by the 'anti-pumping' hypothesis were compared with results calculated by water level recovery method. The results show that it is feasible to use 'anti-pumping' hypothesis to calculate the hydrogeologic parameters of main ore-bearing aquifer. (authors)

Radon transport modelling: User's guide to RnMod3d

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Andersen, C.E

2000-08-01

RnMod3d is a numerical computer model of soil-gas and radon transport in porous media. It can be used, for example, to study radon entry from soil into houses in response to indoor-outdoor pressure differences or changes in atmospheric pressure. It can also be used for flux calculations of radon from the soil surface or to model radon exhalation from building materials such as concrete. The finite-volume model is a technical research tool, and it cannot be used meaningfully without good understanding of the involved physical equations. Some understanding of numerical mathematics and the programming language Pascal is also required. Originally, the code was developed for internal use at Risoe only. With this guide, however, it should be possible for others to use the model. Three-dimensional steady-state or transient problems with Darcy flow of soil gas and combined generation, radioactive decay, diffusion and advection of radon can be solved. Moisture is included in the model, and partitioning of radon between air, water and soil grains (adsorption) is taken into account. Most parameters can change in time and space, and transport parameters (diffusivity and permeability) may be anisotropic. This guide includes benchmark tests based on simple problems with known solutions. RnMod3d has also been part of an international model intercomparison exercise based on more complicated problems without known solutions. All tests show that RnMod3d gives results of good quality. (au)

The design of a second harmonic tangential array interferometer for C-Mod

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bretz, N.; Jobes, F.; Irby, J.

1997-01-01

A design for a tangential array interferometer for C-Mod operating at 1.06 and 0.53 μm is presented. This is a special type of two color interferometer in which a Nd:YAG laser is frequency doubled in a nonlinear crystal. Because the doubling efficiency is imperfect, two frequencies propagate collinearly through the plasma after which the 1.06 μm ray is doubled again mixing in the optical domain with the undoubled ray. The resulting interference is insensitive to path length but is affected by plasma dispersion in the usual way. A typical central fringe shift in C-Mod is expected to be 0.1 endash 1.0, but the absolute and relative accuracy in n e l measurements can be as high as in a conventional interferometer. This design uses a repetitively pulsed laser which is converted to a fan beam crossing the horizontal midplane. The chordal array is defined by internal retroreflectors on the C-Mod midplane which return the beam to the second doubler and a detector array. This interferometer design has beam diameters of a few millimeters and element spacings of a few centimeters, uses a repetitively pulsed, TEM 00 Nd:YAG laser, fiber optic beam transport, commercial components, and a compact optical design which minimizes port space requirements. An optical system design is presented which is based on the performance of a tabletop prototype at Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory. copyright 1997 American Institute of Physics

Edge plasma physics modifications due to magnetic ripple in RFX-mod

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Scarin, P.; Agostini, M.; Carraro, L.; Cavazzana, R.; Ciaccio, G.; De Masi, G.; Spizzo, G.; Spolaore, M.; Vianello, N.

2015-01-01

The edge of the RFX-mod (R = 2 m, a = 0.46 m) Reversed Field Pinch is characterized by weak magnetic chaos affecting ion and electron diffusion. Edge particle transport is strongly influenced by a toroidal asymmetry caused by magnetic islands. An ambipolar radial electric field ensures local neutrality and possesses the same symmetry as the parent magnetic ripple: the result is the modulation of the perpendicular flow, with a slowing-down at the island X-point. In this paper we present a complete statistical analysis, over a large database of RFX-mod discharges, of the edge properties as they are modified by the magnetic topology: the plasma wall footprint follows the helical shape of the dominant central mode (m/n = 1/7), with an increase of H α emission and electron density corresponding to the O-point of the inner magnetic island. Edge turbulence is modified by the magnetic topology, being generated in the O-point region and damped near the X-point

The Role of Plasma Rotation in C-Mod Internal Transport Barriers

Science.gov (United States)

Fiore, C. L.; Ernst, D. R.; Rice, J. E.; Podpaly, Y.; Reinke, M. L.; Greenwald, M. J.; Hughes, J. W.; Ma, Y.; Bespamyatnov, I. O.; Rowan, W. L.

2010-11-01

ITBs in Alcator C-Mod featuring highly peaked density and pressure profiles are induced by injecting ICRF power with the second harmonic of the resonant frequency for minority hydrogen off-axis at the plasma half radius. These ITBs are formed in the absence of particle or momentum injection, and with monotonic q profiles with qmin ITB forms, this rotation decreases in the center of the plasma and forms a well, and often reverses direction in the core. This indicates that there is a strong EXB shearing rate in the region where the foot in the ITB density profile is observed. Preliminary gyrokinetic analyses indicate that this shearing rate is comparable to the ion temperature gradient mode (ITG) growth rate at this location and may be responsible for stabilizing the turbulence. Gyrokinetic analyses of recent experimental data obtained from a complete scan of the ICRF resonance position across the entire C-Mod plasma will be presented.

Assessment of RELAP5/MOD2 against a natural circulation experiment in Nuclear Power Plant Borssele

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Winters, L.

1993-07-01

As part of the ICAP (International Code Assessment and Applications Program) agreement between ECN (Netherlands Energy Research Foundation) and USNRC, ECN has performed a number of assessment calculations for the thermohydraulic system analysis code RELAP5/MOD2/36.05. This document describes the assessment of this computer program versus a natural circulation experiment as conducted at the Borssele Nuclear Power Plant. The results of this comparison show that the code RELAP5/MOD2 predicts well the natural circulation behaviour of Nuclear Power Plant Borssele

Blowdown heat transfer surface in RELAP4/MOD6 and data comparisons

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Nelson, R.A.; Sullivan, L.H.

1978-01-01

RELAP4 is a thermal hydraulic analysis tool written to analyze transients in light water reactors (LWR). To date, most of the applications for RELAP4 have been to analyze postulated LOCA transients in LWR and the response of experimental systems to loss-of-coolant experiments. An important part of these analyses is the prediction of the fuel rod or heater surface temperature which involves the calculation of surface heat transfer coefficients. The paper describes the outcome of a significant blowdown heat transfer development effort which is incorporated in RELAP4/MOD6 (the current version of the code available to the United States public from the Argonne Code Center). The primary emphasis in the MOD6 development was on a PWR reflood capability. The best-estimate blowdown heat transfer correlation and logic were added to provide improved blowdown predictive capability

RELAP5/MOD2 Overview and Developmental. Assessment Results from TMl-1 Plant Transient Analysis

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lin, J. C.; Tsai, C. C.; Ransom, V. H.; Johnsen, G. W.

2013-01-01

RELAP5/MOD2 is a new version of the RELAP5 thermal-hydraulic computer code containing improved modeling features that provide a generic capability for pressurized water reactor transient simulation. The objective of this paper is to provide code users with an overview of the code and to report developmental assessment results obtained from a Three Mile Island Unit One plant transient analysis. The assessment shows that the injection of highly sub-cooled water into a high-pressure primary coolant system does not cause unphysical results or pose a problem for RELAP5/MOD2. (author)

Assessment of ICRF Antenna Performance in Alcator C-Mod

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Schilling, G.; Wukitch, S.J.; Lin, Y.; Basse, N.; Bonoli, P.T.; Edlund, E.; Lin, L.; Parisot, A.; Porkolab, M.

2004-01-01

The Alcator C-Mod has presented a challenge to install high-power ICRF antennas in a tight space. Modifications have been made to the antenna plasma-facing surfaces and the internal current-carrying structure in order to overcome performance limitations. At the present time, the antennas have exceeded 5 MW into plasma with heating phasing, up to 2.7 MW with current-drive phasing, with good efficiency and no deleterious effects

Measuring the thickness of austenitic weld deposits on carbon steel walls using a magnetic method

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wagner, K.

1988-01-01

The theoretical background is described of a magnetic method characterized by a marked compensation of the undesirable effect of δ-ferrite content in the deposit, on the accuracy of measuring deposit thickness. A description is also given of the basic types of sensors and the results are summarized of comparing measurements performed on weld deposits of WWER-type reactor pressure vessels. (author). 7 figs., 5 refs

Control of internal transport barriers on Alcator C-Mod

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Fiore, C.L.; Bonoli, P.T.; Ernst, D.R.; Hubbard, A.E.; Greenwald, M.J.; Lynn, A.; Marmar, E.S.; Phillips, P.; Redi, M.H.; Rice, J.E.; Wolfe, S.M.; Wukitch, S.J.; Zhurovich, K.

2004-01-01

Recent studies of internal transport and double transport barrier regimes in the Alcator C-Mod [I. H. Hutchinson et al., Phys. Plasmas 1, 1511 (1994)] have explored the limits for forming, maintaining, and controlling these plasmas. The C-Mod provides a unique platform for studying such discharges: the ions and electrons are tightly coupled by collisions and the plasma has no internal particle or momentum sources. The double-barrier mode comprised of an edge barrier with an internal transport barrier (ITB) can be induced at will using off-axis ion cyclotron range of frequency (ICRF) injection on either the low or high field side of the plasma with either of the available ICRF frequencies (70 or 80 MHz). When an enhanced D α high confinement mode (EDA H-mode) is accessed in Ohmic plasmas, the double barrier ITB forms spontaneously if the H-mode is sustained for ∼2 energy confinement times. The ITBs formed in both Ohmic and ICRF heated plasmas are quite similar regardless of the trigger method. They are characterized by strong central peaking of the electron density, and a reduction of the core particle and energy transport. The control of impurity influx and heating of the core plasma in the presence of the ITB have been achieved with the addition of central ICRF power in both the Ohmic H-mode and ICRF induced ITBs. The radial location of the particle transport barrier is dependent on the toroidal magnetic field but not on the location of the ICRF resonance. A narrow region of decreased electron thermal transport, as determined by sawtooth heat pulse analysis, is found in these plasmas as well. Transport analysis indicates that a reduction of the particle diffusivity in the barrier region allows the neoclassical pinch to drive the density and impurity accumulation in the plasma center. An examination of the gyrokinetic stability at the trigger time for the ITB suggests that the density and temperature profiles are inherently stable to ion temperature gradient and

Vector models in RETRAN-02 MOD 2

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kinnersly, S.R.

1985-06-01

The vector momentum model in RETRAN-02 allows momentum flux to be modelled in two dimensions. Vector models in RETRAN-2 are described, including both the actual implementation in the code and the specification given in the code manual. The vector momentum model is described in detail. Other models which use vector quantities include models for volume average flow, volume average slip velocity, volume average phase velocities and fill junction flows. Both code implementations and code manual descriptions are described and inconsistencies noted. The differences between the standard RETRA-02 Mod 2 version and the Winfrith version RETN2204 are noted. (U.K.)

Experiment data report for Semiscale Mod-1 Test S-28-1 (steam generator tube rupture test series)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Collins, B.L.; Coppin, C.E.; Sackett, K.E.

1977-10-01

Recorded test data are presented for Test S-28-1 of the Semiscale Mod-1 steam generator tube rupture test series. These tests are among several Semiscale Mod-1 experiments conducted to investigate the thermal and hydraulic phenomena accompanying a hypothesized loss-of-coolant accident in a pressurized water reactor (PWR) system. Test S-28-1 was conducted from initial conditions of 15 767 kPa and 557 K to investigate the response of the Semiscale Mod-1 system to a depressurization and reflood transient following a simulated double-ended offset shear of the broken loop cold leg piping. During the test, cooling water was injected into the cold leg of the intact and broken loops to simulate emergency core coolant injection in a PWR. Sixty steam generator tube ruptures were simulated by a controlled injection from a heated accumulator into the intact loop hot leg

Fluctuating zonal flows in the I-mode regime in Alcator C-Mod

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Cziegler, I.; Diamond, P. H.; Fedorczak, N.; Manz, P.; Tynan, G. R.; Xu, M. [Center for Momentum Transport and Flow Organization, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093 (United States); Churchill, R. M.; Hubbard, A. E.; Lipschultz, B.; Sierchio, J. M.; Terry, J. L.; Theiler, C. [Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138 (United States)

2013-05-15

Velocity fields and density fluctuations of edge turbulence are studied in I-mode [F. Ryter et al., Plasma Phys. Controlled Fusion 40, 725 (1998)] plasmas of the Alcator C-Mod [I. H. Hutchinson et al., Phys. Plasmas 1, 1511 (1994)] tokamak, which are characterized by a strong thermal transport barrier in the edge while providing little or no barrier to the transport of both bulk and impurity particles. Although previous work showed no clear geodesic-acoustic modes (GAM) on C-Mod, using a newly implemented, gas-puff-imaging based time-delay-estimate velocity inference algorithm, GAM are now shown to be ubiquitous in all I-mode discharges examined to date, with the time histories of the GAM and the I-mode specific [D. Whyte et al., Nucl. Fusion 50, 105005 (2010)] Weakly Coherent Mode (WCM, f = 100–300 kHz, Δf/f≈0.5, and k{sub θ}≈1.3 cm{sup −1}) closely following each other through the entire duration of the regime. Thus, the I-mode presents an example of a plasma state in which zero frequency zonal flows and GAM continuously coexist. Using two-field (density-velocity and radial-poloidal velocity) bispectral methods, the GAM are shown to be coupled to the WCM and to be responsible for its broad frequency structure. The effective nonlinear growth rate of the GAM is estimated, and its comparison to the collisional damping rate seems to suggest a new view on I-mode threshold physics.

Simulation de l'habitat physique du barbeau fluviatile (Barbus barbus, L. 1758 : choix des modèles biologiques et sensibilité de la réponse

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

POUILLY M.

1994-07-01

Full Text Available Des courbes monovariées et des modèles multivariés de préférence d'habitat du barbeau, Barbus barbus, ont été établis à partir de données récoltées sur 3 cours d'eau. Dans les deux cas (monovarié et multivarié, trois modèles locaux, correspondant aux données d'une rivière, et un modèle général, regroupant l'ensemble des données, ont été établis. La qualité de la prédiction et la sensibilité de la réponse lors de la simulation des capacités d'accueil d'un cours d'eau révèlent : 1 que les modèles multivariés ont une valeur prédictive plus forte que les courbes de préférence, 2 que les modèles construits à partir de jeux de données locaux sont plus performants que les modèles généraux, et 3 que la perte de précision est moindre dans le cas du modèle général multivarié.

Web based electronic logbook and experiment run database viewer for Alcator C-Mod

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Fredian, T.W.; Stillerman, J.A.

2006-01-01

Since 1991, the scientists and engineers at the Alcator C-Mod experiment at MIT have been recording text entries about the experiments being performed in an electronic logbook. In addition, separate documents such as run plans, run summaries and experimental proposals have been created and stored in a variety of formats in computer files. This information has now been organized and made available via any modern web browser. The new web based interface permits the user to browse through all the logbook entries, run information and even view some key data traces of the experiment. Since this information is being catalogued by Internet search engines, these tools can also be used to quickly locate information. The web based logbook and run information interface provides some additional capabilities. Once logged into the web site, users can add, delete or modify logbook entries directly from their browser. The logbook window on their browser also provides dynamic updating when any new logbook entries are made. There is also live C-Mod operation status information with optional audio announcements available. The user can receive the same state change announcements such as 'entering init' or 'entering pulse' as they would if they were sitting in the C-Mod control room. This paper will describe the functionality of the web based logbook and how it was implemented

ZnS nanoflakes deposition by modified chemical method

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Desai, Mangesh A.; Sartale, S. D.

2014-01-01

We report deposition of zinc sulfide nanoflakes on glass substrates by modified chemical method. The modified chemical method involves adsorption of zinc–thiourea complex on the substrate and its dissociation in presence of hydroxide ions to release sulfur ions from thiourea which react with zinc ions present in the complex to form zinc sulfide nanoflakes at room temperature. Influence of zinc salt and thiourea concentrations ratios on the morphology of the films was investigated by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The ratio of zinc and thiourea in the zinc–thiourea complex significantly affect the size of the zinc sulfide nanoflakes, especially width and density of the nanoflakes. The X-ray diffraction analysis exhibits polycrystalline nature of the zinc sulfide nanoflakes with hexagonal phase

The implementation of the CDC version of RELAP5/MOD1/019 on an IBM compatible computer system (AMDAHL 470/V8)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kolar, W.; Brewka, W.

1984-01-01

RELAP5/MOD1 is an advanced one-dimensional best estimate system code, which is used for safety analysis studies of nuclear pressurized water reactor systems and related integral and separate effect test facilities. The program predicts the system response for large break, small break LOCA and special transients. To a large extent RELAP5/MOD1 is written in Fortran, only a small part of the program is coded in CDC assembler. RELAP5/MOD1 was developed on the CDC CYBER 176 at INEL*. The code development team made use of CDC system programs like the CDC UPDATE facility and incorporated in the program special purpose software packages. The report describes the problems which have been encountered when implementing the CDC version of RELAP5/MOD1 on an IBM compatible computer systems (AMDAHL 470/V8)

ZnO crystal growth on microelectrode by electrochemical deposition method

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kondo, Y; Ashida, A; Nouzu, N; Fujimura, N

2011-01-01

Zinc Oxide crystals were grown by constant potential electrochemical deposition method on the substrate with the Pt working electrode which consists of Pt film with large area and μm-sized line and space structured area. In case of depositions with cathodic potential of -0.3V, ZnO crystal is not observed on the micro electrode, but observed on the electrode with large area (0.2 cm 2 ). By using electrolyte with higher pH, ZnO crystal grows on both areas. In case of lower pH, ZnO crystal does not grow on either. From these results, the pH range for growth of ZnO on the microelectrode seems to be higher than that on the electrode with large area. And, it is expected that the pH just on the surface of μm-sized electrode is lower than that in the bulk of electrolyte. Based on these results, it can be concluded that control of the pH in vicinity of the surface is very important to ECD method for micro- and nano-scaled devices.

Mod-1 wind turbine generator analysis and design report, volume 1

Science.gov (United States)

1979-01-01

The activities leading to the completion of detail design of the MOD-1 wind turbine generator are described. Emphasis is placed on the description of the design as it finally evolved. However, the steps through which the design progressed are also traced in order to understand the major design decisions.

Effect of reflection on Hα emissions in Alcator C-MOD

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Karney, C.F.; Stotler, D.P.; Skinner, C.H.; Terry, J.L.; Pappas, D.A.

1999-01-01

In order to explain anomalous intensity ratios which have been observed in Alcator C-MOD, the H α emissions in that experiment have been modeled with the DEGAS 2 code including the effects of wall reflection. By assuming that the first wall has different reflection coefficients for the two polarizations, we have qualitatively reproduced the observed anomaly. copyright 1999 American Institute of Physics

Atmospheric Deposition: Sampling Procedures, Analytical Methods, and Main Recent Findings from the Scientific Literature

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

M. Amodio

2014-01-01

Full Text Available The atmosphere is a carrier on which some natural and anthropogenic organic and inorganic chemicals are transported, and the wet and dry deposition events are the most important processes that remove those chemicals, depositing it on soil and water. A wide variety of different collectors were tested to evaluate site-specificity, seasonality and daily variability of settleable particle concentrations. Deposition fluxes of POPs showed spatial and seasonal variations, diagnostic ratios of PAHs on deposited particles, allowed the discrimination between pyrolytic or petrogenic sources. Congener pattern analysis and bulk deposition fluxes in rural sites confirmed long-range atmospheric transport of PCDDs/Fs. More and more sophisticated and newly designed deposition samplers have being used for characterization of deposited mercury, demonstrating the importance of rain scavenging and the relatively higher magnitude of Hg deposition from Chinese anthropogenic sources. Recently biological monitors demonstrated that PAH concentrations in lichens were comparable with concentrations measured in a conventional active sampler in an outdoor environment. In this review the authors explore the methodological approaches used for the assessment of atmospheric deposition, from the analysis of the sampling methods, the analytical procedures for chemical characterization of pollutants and the main results from the scientific literature.

Plasma performance and scaling laws in the RFX-mod reversed-field pinch experiment

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Innocente, P.; Alfier, A.; Canton, A.; Pasqualotto, R.

2009-01-01

The large range of plasma currents (I p = 0.2-1.6 MA) and feedback-controlled magnetic boundary conditions of the RFX-mod experiment make it well suited to performing scaling studies. The assessment of such scaling, in particular those on temperature and energy confinement, is crucial both for improving the operating reversed-field pinch (RFP) devices and for validating the RFP configuration as a candidate for the future fusion reactors. For such a purpose scaling laws for magnetic fluctuations, temperature and energy confinement have been evaluated in stationary operation. RFX-mod scaling laws have been compared with those obtained from other RFP devices and numerical simulations. The role of the magnetic boundary has been analysed, comparing discharges performed with different active control schemes of the edge radial magnetic field.

Vectorization of LWR transient analysis code RELAP5/MOD1 and its effect

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ishiguro, Misako; Harada, Hiroo; Shinozawa, Naohisa; Naraoka, Ken-itsu

1985-03-01

The RELAP5/MOD1 is a large thermal-hydraulic code to analyze LWR LOCA and non-LOCA transients. The code originally was designed for use on a CDC Cyber-176. This report documents vectorization of the RELAP5/MOD1 code conducted for the purpose of efficient use of VP-100 (peak speed 250 MFLOPS, clock period 7.5 ns) at the JAERI. The code was vectorized using the junction and volume level parallelisms in the hydrodynamic calculations, and the heat-structure and heat-mesh level in the heat conduction calculations. The vectorized version runs as much as 2.4 to 2.8 times faster than the original scalar version, while the speedup ratio is dependent on the number of spactial cells included in the problem. (author)

L'utilisation d'un modèle spécifique: l'exemple de la Bolivie

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

1996-01-01

Full Text Available La modélisation graphique connaît aujourd’hui un essor certain depuis la publication de la Géographie Universelle sous la direction de R. Brunet en France. Les utilisations en sont diverses, qu’elles aient des fins pédagogiques, expérimentales ou prospectives, mais il n’en demeure pas moins qu’à la différence du langage mathématique, la pratique du langage graphique constitue un handicap lorsqu’il s’agit de valider ce type de modèles. Pourtant cette démarche est non seulement possible mais souhaitable, un modèle non validable n’étant plus un modèle. Cependant les tests de validation/vérification et de validation/exploration utilisés pour analyser le modèle de l’espace bolivien sont globalement satisfaisants. LA UTILIZACIÓN DE UN MODELO ESPECÍFICO: EL EJEMPLO DE BOLIVIA. La modelización gráfica tiene en Francia un verdadero desarrollo con la publicación de la Geografía Universal dirigida por R. Brunet. Las utilizaciones son variadas: pedagógicas, experimentales o de investigación pero la práctica del código gráfico es mucho más problemático que la práctica del código matemático cuando se necesita validar un modelo. Sin embargo las pruebas de validación/comprobación y de validación/investigación utilizadas para analizar el modelo del espacio boliviano son bastante satisfactorias. USING SPECIFIC MODELIZATION IN THE CASE OF BOLIVIA. The use of grafic modelization has grown to be acknowledged in France since the publishing of Géographie Universelle edited by R. Brunet. However, in spite of its various applications, whether pedagogical, experimental or prospective, evidence is there to show that graphic models do not as yet compare with mathematical models as regards the validating process. Nonetheless, the two-step testing based on validation/verification and validation/ exploration carried out here on a Bolivian space model does give quite satisfying results.

Insertion of lead lithium eutectic mixture in RELAP/SCDAPSIM Mod 4.0 for Fusion Reactor Systems

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Tiwari, Ashutosh; Allison, Brian; Hohorst, J.K.; Wagner, R.J.; Allison, Chris

2012-01-01

Highlights: ► Thermodynamic and transport properties of lead lithium eutectic mixture have been inserted in RELAP/SCDAPSIM MOD 4.0 code. ► Code results are verified for a simple pipe problem with lead lithium eutectic mixture flowing in it. ► Code is calculating the inserted properties of lead lithium eutectic mixture to a fairly good agreement. - Abstract: RELAP/SCDAPSIM Mod 4.0 code was developed by Innovative System Software (ISS) for the analysis of nuclear power plants (NPPs) cooled by light water and heavy water. Later on the code was expanded to analyze the NPPs cooled by liquid metal, in this sequence: lead bismuth eutectic mixture, liquid sodium and lead lithium eutectic mixture (LLE) are inserted in the code. This paper focuses on the insertion of liquid LLE as a coolant for NPPs in the RELAP/SCDAPSIM Mod 4.0 code. Evaluation of the code was made for a simple pipe problem connected with heat structures having liquid LLE as a coolant in it. The code is predicting well all the thermodynamic and transport properties of LLE.

idRHa+ProMod - Rail Hardening Control System

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ferro, L

2016-01-01

idRHa+ProMod is the process control system developed by Primetals Technologies to foresee the thermo-mechanical evolution and micro-structural composition of rail steels subjected to slack quenching into idRHa+ Rail Hardening equipments in a simulation environment. This tool can be used both off-line or in-line, giving the user the chance to test and study the best cooling strategies or letting the automatic control system free to adjust the proper cooling recipe. Optimization criteria have been tailored in order to determine the best cooling conditions according to the metallurgical requirements imposed by the main rail standards and also taking into account the elastoplastic bending phenomena occurring during all stages of the head hardening process. The computational core of idRHa+ProMod is a thermal finite element procedure coupled with special algorithms developed to work out the main thermo-physical properties of steel, to predict the non-isothermal austenite decomposition into all the relevant phases and subsequently to evaluate the amount of latent heat of transformation released, the compound thermal expansion coefficient and the amount of plastic deformation in the material. Air mist and air blades boundary conditions have been carefully investigated by means of pilot plant tests aimed to study the jet impingement on rail surfaces and the cooling efficiency at all working conditions. Heat transfer coefficients have been further checked and adjusted directly on field during commissioning. idRHa+ is a trademark of Primetals Technologies Italy Srl (paper)

idRHa+ProMod - Rail Hardening Control System

Science.gov (United States)

Ferro, L.

2016-03-01

idRHa+ProMod is the process control system developed by Primetals Technologies to foresee the thermo-mechanical evolution and micro-structural composition of rail steels subjected to slack quenching into idRHa+ Rail Hardening equipments in a simulation environment. This tool can be used both off-line or in-line, giving the user the chance to test and study the best cooling strategies or letting the automatic control system free to adjust the proper cooling recipe. Optimization criteria have been tailored in order to determine the best cooling conditions according to the metallurgical requirements imposed by the main rail standards and also taking into account the elastoplastic bending phenomena occurring during all stages of the head hardening process. The computational core of idRHa+ProMod is a thermal finite element procedure coupled with special algorithms developed to work out the main thermo-physical properties of steel, to predict the non-isothermal austenite decomposition into all the relevant phases and subsequently to evaluate the amount of latent heat of transformation released, the compound thermal expansion coefficient and the amount of plastic deformation in the material. Air mist and air blades boundary conditions have been carefully investigated by means of pilot plant tests aimed to study the jet impingement on rail surfaces and the cooling efficiency at all working conditions. Heat transfer coefficients have been further checked and adjusted directly on field during commissioning. idRHa+ is a trademark of Primetals Technologies Italy Srl

Innovations in electrophoretic deposition: Alternating current and pulsed direct current methods

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Chávez-Valdez, Alejandra; Boccaccini, Aldo R.

2012-01-01

This review summarizes emerging developments in the field of alternating current (AC) and pulsed direct current (DC) electrophoretic deposition (EPD) in aqueous or organic media. Numerous applications of AC-EPD are discussed including two major groups of investigations: (i) AC-EPD to suppress water hydrolysis at high voltages in inorganic (ceramic) coatings and (ii) AC-EPD for deposition of biological entities. The deposition, purification and manipulation of carbon nanotubes and nanoparticles by AC-EPD to form specific arrays, for development of sensors and other electronic devices and the application of AC-EPD as method for separation of particles according to their shape or size are also presented. Other applications reviewed relate to the fabrication by AC-EPD of toxic gas sensors from oxides and superconducting layers. The main materials being examined by AC-EPD are inorganic, including carbon nanotubes, TiO 2 nanoparticles, Al 2 O 3 , Si, SnO 2 , ZnO and WO 3 and biological entities, e.g. bacteria cells. For pulsed EPD, the applications reviewed are divided in pulsed current and pulsed voltage EPD. Among the applications of pulsed EPD, the formation of thick films from aqueous suspensions without water decomposition, the fabrication of multilayer and composite materials and the size-selective deposition of ceramic nanoparticles are the most important investigated to date, based on the quality of the coatings and deposits obtained and their relevance for applications.

Atomic and electronic structures of BaHfO3-doped TFA-MOD-derived YBa2Cu3O7−δ thin films

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Molina-Luna, Leopoldo; Duerrschnabel, Michael; Turner, Stuart; Martinez, Gerardo T; Van Aert, Sandra; Van Tendeloo, Gustaaf; Erbe, Manuela; Holzapfel, Bernhard

2015-01-01

Tailoring the properties of oxide-based nanocomposites is of great importance for a wide range of materials relevant for energy technology. YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7−δ (YBCO) superconducting thin films containing nanosized BaHfO 3 (BHO) particles yield a significant improvement of the magnetic flux pinning properties and a reduced anisotropy of the critical current density. These films were prepared by chemical solution deposition (CSD) on (100) SrTiO 3 (STO) substrates yielding critical current densities up to 3.6 MA cm −2 at 77 K and self-field. Transport in-field J c measurements demonstrated a high pinning force maximum of around 6 GN/m 3 for a sample annealed at T = 760 °C that has a doping of 12 mol% of BHO. This sample was investigated by scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) in combination with electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS) yielding strain and spectral maps. Spherical BHO nanoparticles of 15 nm in size were found in the matrix, whereas the particles at the interface were flat. A 2 nm diffusion layer containing Ti was found at the YBCO (BHO)/STO interface. Local lattice deformation mapping at the atomic scale revealed crystal defects induced by the presence of both sorts of BHO nanoparticles, which can act as pinning centers for magnetic flux lines. Two types of local lattice defects were identified and imaged: (i) misfit edge dislocations and (ii) Ba-Cu-Cu-Ba stacking faults (Y-248 intergrowths). The local electronic structure and charge transfer were probed by high energy resolution monochromated electron energy-loss spectroscopy. This technique made it possible to distinguish superconducting from non-superconducting areas in nanocomposite samples with atomic resolution in real space, allowing the identification of local pinning sites on the order of the coherence length of YBCO (∼1.5 nm) and the determination of 0.25 nm dislocation cores. (paper)

Particle size distribution of dust collected from Alcator C-MOD

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gorman, S.V.; Carmack, W.J.; Hembree, P.B.

1998-01-01

There are important safety issues associated with tokamak dust, accumulated primarily from sputtering and disruptions. The dust may contain tritium, it may be activated, chemically toxic, and chemically reactive. The purpose of this paper is to present results from analyses of particulate collected from the Alcator C-MOD tokamak located at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in Cambridge, Massachusetts. The sample obtained from C-MOD was not originally intended for examination outside of MIT. The sample was collected with the intent of performing only a composition analysis. However, MIT provided the INEEL with this sample for particle analysis. The sample was collected by vacuuming a section of the machine (covering approximately 1/3 of the machine surface) with a coarse fiber filter as the collection surface. The sample was then analyzed using an optical microscope, SEM microscope, Microtrac FRA particle size analyzer. The data fit a log-normal distribution. The count median diameter (CMD) of the samples ranged from 0.3 microm to 1.1 microm with geometric standard deviations (GSD) ranging from 2.8 to 5.2 and a mass median diameter (MMD) ranging from 7.22 to 176 microm

Measurement of unattached radon progeny based in electrostatic deposition method

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Canoba, A.C.; Lopez, F.O.

1999-01-01

A method for the measurement of unattached radon progeny based on its electrostatic deposition onto wire screens, using only one pump, has been implemented and calibrated. The importance of being able of making use of this method is related with the special radiological significance that has the unattached fraction of the short-lived radon progeny. Because of this, the assessment of exposure could be directly related to dose with far greater accuracy than before. The advantages of this method are its simplicity, even with the tools needed for the sample collection, as well as the measurement instruments used. Also, the suitability of this method is enhanced by the fact that it can effectively be used with a simple measuring procedure such as the Kusnetz method. (author)

Combining MOD10A1 and MYD10A1 Images For Snow Cover Area Monitoring

Science.gov (United States)

Tekeli, A. E.

2008-12-01

MOD10A1 and MYD10A1 daily snow cover maps at 500 m resolution are available from MODIS sensors on Terra and Aqua satellites. Aqua obtains the image of same region approximately three hours after Terra over Turkey region. MODIS is an optic sensor and cloud cover degrades the usability of derived snow cover maps. Moreover, spectral similarity between clouds and snow complicates their separability in visible imagery. Fortunately, dynamic behavior of clouds enables their discrimination from snow stationary on the surface. Combined use of MOD10A1 and MYD10A1 images mostly reduces the cloud cover present in one image alone and provides better representation of surface snow cover. Comparison of merged images with in situ data indicated higher hit ratios. The individual comparison of MOD10A1 and MYD10A1 images with ground data each yielded 31% hit ratio whereas, the merged images provided 38%. One-day shifts in comparisons increased hit ratios to 52 % and 46% whereas and two-day shifts gave 77 % and 79 % for MOD10A1 and MYD10A1 respectively. Merged maps yielded 54% and 83% for one and two day shifts. The improvement provided by the merging technique is found to be 7% for the present day, 7 % for one- day and 5% for two-day shifts for the whole season. Monthly decomposition resulted 25% improvement as the maximum. The snow cover product obtained by merging Terra and Aqua satellites provided higher hit ratios, as expected.

Diamond coating deposition by synergy of thermal and laser methods-A problem revisited

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ristic, Gordana S.; Trtica, Milan S.; Bogdanov, Zarko D.; Romcevic, Nebojsa Z.; Miljanic, Scepan S.

2007-01-01

Diamond coatings were deposited by synergy of the hot filament CVD method and the pulse TEA CO 2 laser, in spectroactive and spectroinactive diamond precursor atmospheres. Resulting diamond coatings are interpreted relying on evidence of scanning electron microscopy as well as microRaman spectroscopy. Thermal synergy component (hot filament) possesses an activating agent for diamond deposition, and contributes significantly to quality and extent of diamond deposition. Laser synergy component comprises a solid surface modification as well as the spectroactive gaseous atmosphere modification. Surface modification consists in changes of the diamond coating being deposited and, at the same time, in changes of the substrate surface structure. Laser modification of the spectroactive diamond precursor atmosphere means specific consumption of the precursor, which enables to skip the deposition on a defined substrate location. The resulting process of diamond coating elimination from certain, desired locations using the CO 2 laser might contribute to tailoring diamond coatings for particular applications. Additionally, the substrate laser modification could be optimized by choice of a proper spectroactive precursor concentration, or by a laser radiation multiple pass through an absorbing medium

Fabrication of ordered bulk heterojunction organic photovoltaic cells using nanopatterning and electrohydrodynamic spray deposition methods.

Science.gov (United States)

Park, Sung-Eun; Kim, Sehwan; Kim, Kangmin; Joe, Hang-Eun; Jung, Buyoung; Kim, Eunkyoung; Kim, Woochul; Min, Byung-Kwon; Hwang, Jungho

2012-12-21

Organic photovoltaic cells with an ordered heterojunction (OHJ) active layer are expected to show increased performance. In the study described here, OHJ cells were fabricated using a combination of nanoimprinting and electrohydrodynamic (EHD) spray deposition methods. After an electron donor material was nanoimprinted with a PDMS stamp (valley width: 230 nm, period: 590 nm) duplicated from a Si nanomold, an electron acceptor material was deposited onto the nanoimprinted donor layer using an EHD spray deposition method. The donor-acceptor interface layer was observed by obtaining cross-sectional images with a focused ion beam (FIB) microscope. The photocurrent generation performance of the OHJ cells was evaluated with the current density-voltage curve under air mass (AM) 1.5 conditions. It was found that the surface morphology of the electron acceptor layer affected the current and voltage outputs of the photovoltaic cells. When an electron acceptor layer with a smooth thin (250 nm above the valley of the electron donor layer) surface morphology was obtained, power conversion efficiency was as high as 0.55%. The electrohydrodynamic spray deposition method used to produce OHJ photovoltaic cells provides a means for the adoption of large area, high throughput processes.

New 'ex vivo' radioisotopic method of quantitation of platelet deposition

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Badimon, L.; Fuster, V.; Chesebro, J.H.; Dewanjee, M.K.

1983-01-01

We have developed a sensitive and quantitative method of 'ex vivo' evaluation of platelet deposition on collagen strips, from rabbit Achilles tendon, superfused by flowing blood and applied it to four animal species, cat, rabbit, dog and pig. Autologous platelets were labeled with indium-111-tropolone, injected to the animal 24 hr before the superfusion and the number of deposited platelets was quantitated from the tendon gamma-radiation and the blood platelet count. We detected some platelet consumption with superfusion time when blood was reinfused entering the contralateral jugular vein after collagen contact but not if blood was discarded after the contact. Therefore, in order to have a more physiological animal model we decided to discard blood after superfusion of the tendon. In all species except for the cat there was a linear relationship between increase of platelet on the tendon and time of exposure to blood superfusion. The highest number of platelets deposited on the collagen was found in cats, the lowest in dogs. Ultrastructural analysis showed the platelets were deposited as aggregates after only 5 min of superfusion.

Preparation Of Deposited Sediment Sample By Casting Method For Environmental Study

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hutabarat, Tommy; Ristin PI, Evarista

2000-01-01

The preparation of deposited sediment sample by c asting m ethod for environmental study has been carried out. This method comprises separation of size fraction and casting process. The deposited sediment samples were wet sieved to separate the size fraction of >500 mum, (250-500) mum, (125-250) mum and (63-125) mum and settling procedures were followed for the separation of (40-63) mum, (20-40) mum, (10-20) mum and o C, ashed at 450 o C, respectively. In the casting process of sample, it was used polyester rapid cure resin and methyl ethyl ketone peroxide (MEKP) hardener. The moulded sediment sample was poured onto caster, allow for 60 hours long. The aim of this method is to get the casted sample which can be used effectively, efficiently and to be avoided from contamination of each other samples. Before casting, samples were grinded up to be fine. The result shows that casting product is ready to be used for natural radionuclide analysis

Modèle de compaction élasto-plastique en simulation de bassins Elastoplastic Compaction Model for Basin Simulation

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Schneider F.

2006-11-01

Full Text Available Cet article présente un modèle de compaction des sédiments pour simulateurs de bassins sédimentaires. Dans ce modèle, les concepts précédemment utilisés dans le modèle TEMISPACK sont généralisés et décrits en s'inspirant des formalismes propres à la mécanique des roches et à la mécanique des sols. La compaction des sédiments est décrite, à l'échelle des temps géologiques, par un modèle élasto-plastique où les modules d'incompressibilité et d'écrouissage croissent lorsque la déformation augmente et où le seuil de plasticité est variable. La rhéologie est définie par une relation qui lie la porosité (ou le volume du sédiment à la contrainte effective moyenne en se plaçant dans l'hypothèse de déformation oedométrique. Ce modèle à rhéologie volumiquea été testé sur le logiciel COMP1D qui simule, en 1D, l'histoire géologique d'une colonne sédimentaire. Ce modèle ne doit être considéré que comme un premier pas vers un formalisme plus complet. This article describes a sediment compaction model for sedimentary basin simulators. In this model, the concepts previously used in the TEMISPACK model are generalized and described on the basis of formalisms inherent in rock mechanics and soil mechanics. Sediment compaction is described on the geologic time scale by an elastoplastic model (Fig. 1 in which the moduli of incompressibility and strain hardening increase as deformation increases and in which the plasticity threshold varies. The rheology is defined by an equation connecting the porosity (or volume of the sediment to the mean effective stress by situating itself within the hypothesis of consolidometric deformation. This model is quite similar to the ones used in soil mechanics. It differs only by the choice of the equations linking the volumic variation of the porous medium to the variation of the mean effective stress likewise, in this part coefficient alpha introduced in the definition of effective

Alcator C-Mod predictive modeling

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Pankin, Alexei; Bateman, Glenn; Kritz, Arnold; Greenwald, Martin; Snipes, Joseph; Fredian, Thomas