The step to the Japanese version of INIS Thesaurus

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Itabashi, Keizo [Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Intellectual Resources Dept., Tokai, Ibaraki (Japan)

2011-03-15

The outline of the attempt to the translation of INIS Thesaurus into Japanese is described here. And examples of descriptors of INIS thesaurus which are difficult to translate into Japanese are shown here, including typical examples due to the punctuation of English, singular and plural forms, same words have the different meanings in different fields, differences between the concepts of Japanese and English words, and other examples which are difficult to translate. And example of the worksheets used and the bilingual list of descriptors in the INIS Thesaurus are attached. A CD-ROM is attached as an appendix. (author)

The step to the Japanese version of INIS Thesaurus

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Itabashi, Keizo

2011-03-01

The outline of the attempt to the translation of INIS Thesaurus into Japanese is described here. And examples of descriptors of INIS thesaurus which are difficult to translate into Japanese are shown here, including typical examples due to the punctuation of English, singular and plural forms, same words have the different meanings in different fields, differences between the concepts of Japanese and English words, and other examples which are difficult to translate. And example of the worksheets used and the bilingual list of descriptors in the INIS Thesaurus are attached. A CD-ROM is attached as an appendix. (author)

Energy information data base: subject thesaurus

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

1979-10-01

The technical staff of the DOE Technical Information Center, during its subject indexing activities, develops and structures a vocabulary that allows consistent machine storage and retrieval of information necessary to the accomplishment of the DOE mission. This thesaurus incorporates that structured vocabulary. The terminology of this thesaurus is used for the subject control of information announced in DOE Energy Research Abstracts, Energy Abstracts for Policy Analysis, Solar Energy Update, Geothermal Energy Update, Fossil Energy Update, Fusion Energy Update, and Energy Conservation Update. This terminology also facilitates subject searching of the DOE energy information data base, a research in progress data base, a general and practical energy information data base, power reactor docket information data base, nuclear science abstracts data base, and the federal energy information data base on the DOE on-line retrieval system, RECON. The rapid expansion of the DOE's activities will result in a concomitant thesaurus expansion as information relating to new activities is indexed. Only the terms used in the indexing of documents at the Technical Information Center to date are included

From Thesaurus to Framenet

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Nimb, Sanni; Braasch, Anna; Olsen, Sussi

2017-01-01

at reaching the highest possible frame coverage of the Danish vocabulary by reusing existing English frame and role inventories, we discuss the advantages and the drawbacks of the proposed method. The gained experiences from the work will be considered when scaling up the framenet resource to cover all verbs.......High-quality semantic data from a Danish thesaurus linked with valency information from a Danish dictionary allows us to compile a frame lexicon (Berkeley FrameNet style) for Danish in a very efficient way. In the paper we present the thesaurus as well as the dictionary and argue that they both...... represent valuable background information for assigning semantic frames to the Danish vocabulary. The resulting partial frame lexicon is tested in an annotation task where the semantic role inventory from English is directly transferred and made available for annotations of Danish. While simply aiming...

Essential thesaurus construction

CERN Document Server

Broughton, Vanda

2006-01-01

Many information professionals fail to find the published tools for subject-based organization that are appropriate to their local needs. This text describes the characteristics of some types of subject tool, and takes through the process of creating a system. The methodology employed is a technique for the building of a thesaurus.

Joint Thesaurus. Part I + Part II (A-Z)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

2002-01-01

This document, the Joint ETDE/INIS Thesaurus, is one of the ETDE/INIS Joint Reference Series. It contains the controlled terminology for indexing all information within the subject scope of both INIS (International Nuclear Information System) and ETDE (Energy Technology Data Exchange) information systems. The terminology is intended for use in subject description for input or retrieval of information in those systems. The thesaurus is a terminological control device used in translating from the natural language of documents, indexers or users into a more constrained system language It is also a controlled and dynamic vocabulary of semantically and generically related terms which covers a specific domain of knowledge. The domain of knowledge covered by this Thesaurus includes physics (in particular, plasma physics, atomic and molecular physics, and especially nuclear and high-energy physics), chemistry, materials, earth sciences, radiation biology, radioisotope effects and kinetics, applied life sciences, radiology and nuclear medicine, isotope and radiation source technology, radiation protection, radiation applications, engineering, instrumentation, fossil fuels, synthetic fuels, renewable energy sources, advanced energy systems, fission and fusion reactor technology, safeguards and inspection, waste management, environmental aspects of the production and consumption of energy from nuclear and non-nuclear sources, energy efficiency and energy conservation, economics and sociology of energy production and use, energy policy, and nuclear law. The terms in the Thesaurus are listed alphabetically, and with each alphabetic entry a word block containing the terms associated with the particular entry is displayed. In the word block, terms that have a hierarchical relationship to the entry are identified by the symbols BT and NT, for Broader Term and Narrower Term; those with an affinitive relationship are identified by RT, for Related Term; and those with a preferential

Development of an automation software for reconciliation of INIS/ETDE thesauruses

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Singh, Manoj; Gupta, Rajiv; Prakasan, E.R.; Vijai Kumar

1999-01-01

ETDE (Energy Technology Data Exchange) and INIS (International Nuclear Information System) thesauruses contain nearly twenty thousand descriptors and are not necessarily identical. A project has been undertaken by the international organisations to make a common thesaurus for both INIS and ETDE to facilitate better exchange and retrieval of information between/from these databases. This paper describes the automation implemented during our participation in the project for reconcile the structures of the word blocks in the ETDE and INIS thesauruses, with respect to the descriptors currently in the two thesauruses through a PC based RDBMS Software. The software THEMERGE was developed in FoxPro 2.5 Relational Database Management Systems. The software handles all possible reconcile recommendation suggested by specialist, printing the recommendation sheet for uploading it later. This has not only widened the scope of flexibility, portability and convertibility of recommendations, but also helped to achieve quicker project completion. (author)

International Energy: Subject Thesaurus. Revision 1

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

1993-11-01

The International Energy Agency: Subject Thesaurus contains the standard vocabulary of indexing terms (descriptors) developed and structured to build and maintain energy information databases. Involved in this cooperative task are (1) the technical staff of the USDOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI) in cooperation with the member countries of the International Energy Agency`s Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDE) and (2) the International Atomic Energy Agency`s International Nuclear Information System (INIS) staff representing the more than 100 countries and organizations that record and index information for the international nuclear information community. ETDE member countries are also members of INIS. Nuclear information prepared for INIS by ETDE member countries is included in the ETDE Energy Database, which contains the online equivalent of the printed INIS Atomindex. Indexing terminology is therefore cooperatively standardized for use in both information systems. This structured vocabulary reflects thscope of international energy research, development, and technological programs. The terminology of this thesaurus aids in subject searching on commercial systems, such as ``Energy Science & Technology`` by DIALOG Information Services, ``Energy`` by STN International and the ``ETDE Energy Database`` by SilverPlatter. It is also the thesaurus for the Integrated Technical Information System (ITIS) online databases of the US Department of Energy.

Roget's II the new thesaurus

CERN Document Server

2003-01-01

Roget’s II: The New Thesaurus, Third Edition, allows the user to find the right synonym with a minimum of effort. Unlike many thesauruses, this easy-to-use reference lists main entry words alphabetically, as in a dictionary, for quick lookup. Each entry is divided into senses, with brief definitions and a full list of synonyms for each sense, to ensure that the selected usage is the most appropriate one. All special usages, such as slang terms, are labeled and grouped together at the end of each synonym list. Following each list is a cross-reference to a related entry in the thesaurus’s unique Category Index. This index leads the reader from the starting word to dozens of others that have related or opposite meanings. All these features make Roget’s II the best resource for finding the right word every time.

Analysis of Influence of Different Relations Types on the Quality of Thesaurus Application to Text Classification Problems

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Nadezhda S. Lagutina

2017-01-01

Full Text Available The main purpose of the article is to analyze how effectively different types of thesaurus relations can be used for solutions of text classification tasks. The basis of the study is an automatically generated thesaurus of a subject area, that contains three types of relations: synonymous, hierarchical and associative. To generate the thesaurus the authors use a hybrid method based on several linguistic and statistical algorithms for extraction of semantic relations. The method allows to create a thesaurus with a sufficiently large number of terms and relations among them. The authors consider two problems: topical text classification and sentiment classification of large newspaper articles. To solve them, the authors developed two approaches that complement standard algorithms with a procedure that take into account thesaurus relations to determine semantic features of texts. The approach to topical classification includes the standard unsupervised BM25 algorithm and the procedure, that take into account synonymous and hierarchical relations of the thesaurus of the subject area. The approach to sentiment classification consists of two steps. At the first step, a thesaurus is created, whose terms weight polarities are calculated depending on the term occurrences in the training set or on the weights of related thesaurus terms. At the second step, the thesaurus is used to compute the features of words from texts and to classify texts by the algorithm SVM or Naive Bayes. In experiments with text corpora BBCSport, Reuters, PubMed and the corpus of articles about American immigrants, the authors varied the types of thesaurus relations that are involved in the classification and the degree of their use. The results of the experiments make it possible to evaluate the efficiency of the application of thesaurus relations for classification of raw texts and to determine under what conditions certain relationships affect more or less. In particular, the

Cumulative Poisson Distribution Program

Science.gov (United States)

Bowerman, Paul N.; Scheuer, Ernest M.; Nolty, Robert

1990-01-01

Overflow and underflow in sums prevented. Cumulative Poisson Distribution Program, CUMPOIS, one of two computer programs that make calculations involving cumulative Poisson distributions. Both programs, CUMPOIS (NPO-17714) and NEWTPOIS (NPO-17715), used independently of one another. CUMPOIS determines cumulative Poisson distribution, used to evaluate cumulative distribution function (cdf) for gamma distributions with integer shape parameters and cdf for X (sup2) distributions with even degrees of freedom. Used by statisticians and others concerned with probabilities of independent events occurring over specific units of time, area, or volume. Written in C.

MediaMill: Video Search using a Thesaurus of 500 Machine Learned Concepts

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Snoek, C.G.M.; Worring, M.; Huurnink, B.; van Gemert, J.C.; van de Sande, K.E.A.; Koelma, D.C.; de Rooij, O.

2006-01-01

In this technical demonstration we showcase the current version of the MediaMill system, a search engine that facilitates access to news video archives at a semantic level. The core of the system is a thesaurus of 500 automatically detected semantic concepts. To handle such a large thesaurus in

Adaptive strategies for cumulative cultural learning.

Science.gov (United States)

Ehn, Micael; Laland, Kevin

2012-05-21

The demographic and ecological success of our species is frequently attributed to our capacity for cumulative culture. However, it is not yet known how humans combine social and asocial learning to generate effective strategies for learning in a cumulative cultural context. Here we explore how cumulative culture influences the relative merits of various pure and conditional learning strategies, including pure asocial and social learning, critical social learning, conditional social learning and individual refiner strategies. We replicate the Rogers' paradox in the cumulative setting. However, our analysis suggests that strategies that resolved Rogers' paradox in a non-cumulative setting may not necessarily evolve in a cumulative setting, thus different strategies will optimize cumulative and non-cumulative cultural learning. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

IMPROVING CLASSIFICATIONS OF ECONOMIC SCIENCES IN A THESAURUS

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Sergey Vladimirovich Lesnikov

2013-09-01

Full Text Available The goal is to study thesaurus as an instrument to define the classification of economic sciences, to adapt their classification to the increased information flow, to increase accuracy of allocation of information resources with consideration of the users’ needs, to suggest making alterations in the classification of economic sciences made by the Institute of Scientific Information for Social Sciences of the Russian Academy of Sciences (INION RAN in 2001.The authors see the classification of economic sciences as a product of social communications theory – a differentiated aspect of social research. Modern science is subdivided into various aspects with varied subjects and methods. The latter overlap and form a hierarchy of concepts in science within the same research subject. The authors stress the importance of information retrieval systems for developing scientific knowledge. Information retrieval systems can immediately deliver data from different areas of science to the user who can then integrate the information and obtain a vivid picture of the research subject. Search engines and rubricators are becoming increasingly important as there is a tendency to isolated thinking with many Internet users.The authors have devised a certain approach to using the thesaurus as the means of sciences classification and as a hyper language of science. The suggested methodological approach to structuring terms and notions via thesaurus have been tested at Syktyvkar State University and Syktyvkar branch of Saint-Petersburg Economic University.Methods: deduction, induction, analysis, synthesis, abstraction technique, classification.Results: there have been defined stages and main sections of the information-retrieval thesaurus of the hyperlanguage of economic science on the basis of existing classification systems of scientific knowledge.Scope of application of results: library services, information technology, education.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.12731/2218-7405-2013-8-22

Multilingual thesaurus of geosciences

CERN Document Server

Rassam, G N

2013-01-01

This thesaurus is presented in six languages, English, French, German, Italian, Russian and Spanish, and sponsored by the International Council for Scientific and Technical Information (ICSTI) and the International Union of Geological Sciences (IUGS). There is a main list of approximately 5000 key terms together with indexes and translations which include a specific linguistic index and a field index in which key terms have been classified by field.

Defense Technical Information Center thesaurus

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Dickert, J.H. [ed.] [comp.

1996-10-01

This DTIC Thesaurus provides a basic multidisciplinary subject term vocabulary used by DTIC to index and retrieve scientific and technical information from its various data bases and to aid DTIC`s users in their information storage and retrieval operations. It includes an alphabetical posting term display, a hierarchy display, and a Keywork Out of Context (KWOC) display.

Complete cumulative index (1963-1983)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

1983-01-01

This complete cumulative index covers all regular and special issues and supplements published by Atomic Energy Review (AER) during its lifetime (1963-1983). The complete cumulative index consists of six Indexes: the Index of Abstracts, the Subject Index, the Title Index, the Author Index, the Country Index and the Table of Elements Index. The complete cumulative index supersedes the Cumulative Indexes for Volumes 1-7: 1963-1969 (1970), and for Volumes 1-10: 1963-1972 (1972); this Index also finalizes Atomic Energy Review, the publication of which has recently been terminated by the IAEA

Joint Thesaurus. Part I (A-L) + Part II (M-Z)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

2004-01-01

This is the 1st revision of the INIS/ETDE Joint Thesaurus. It contains 20 953 valid descriptors and 8 600 forbidden terms. It was last updated in December 2003. The Joint Thesaurus contains the controlled terminology for indexing all information within the subject scope of both INIS (International Nuclear Information System) and ETDE (Energy Technology Data Exchange) information systems. The terminology is intended for use in subject description for input or retrieval of information in those systems. The thesaurus is a terminological control device used in translating from the natural language of documents, indexers or users into a more constrained system language It is also a controlled and dynamic vocabulary of semantically and generically related terms which covers a specific domain of knowledge. The domain of knowledge covered by this Thesaurus includes physics (in particular, plasma physics, atomic and molecular physics, and especially nuclear and high-energy physics), chemistry, materials, earth sciences, radiation biology, radioisotope effects and kinetics, applied life sciences, radiology and nuclear medicine, isotope and radiation source technology, radiation protection, radiation applications, engineering, instrumentation, fossil fuels, synthetic fuels, renewable energy sources, advanced energy systems, fission and fusion reactor technology, safeguards and inspection, waste management, environmental aspects of the production and consumption of energy from nuclear and non-nuclear sources, energy efficiency and energy conservation, economics and sociology of energy production and use, energy policy, and nuclear law. The terms in the Thesaurus are listed alphabetically, and with each alphabetic entry a word block containing the terms associated with the particular entry is displayed. In the word block, terms that have a hierarchical relationship to the entry are identified by the symbols BT and NT, for Broader Term and Narrower Term. Those with an affinitive

Domain-Specific Thesaurus as a Tool for Information Retrieval and Collection of Knowledge

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Vladimir N. Boikov

2013-01-01

Full Text Available This paper reports basic approaches to constructive creation of an open resource named ”Domain-specified thesaurus of poetics”, which is one of the levels of an information-analytical system of the Russian poetry (IAS RP. The poetics is a group of disciplines focused on a comprehensive theoretical and historical study of poetry. IAS RP will be used as a tool for a wide range of studies allowing to determine the characteristic features of the analyzed works of poetry. Consequently, the thesaurus is the knowledge base from which one can borrow input data for training the system. The aim of our research requires a specific approach to formating the knowledge base. Thesaurus is a web-based resource which includes a domain-specific directory, information retrieval tools and tools for further analyzes. The study of glossary consisting of three thousand terms and a set of semantic fields is reviewed in this paper. Rdf-graph of the domain-specified thesaurus of poetics is presented, containing 9 types of objects and different kinds of relationships among them. Wiki-tecnologies are used for implementing a resource which allows to store data in Semantic Web formats.

Cumulative effects of wind turbines. A guide to assessing the cumulative effects of wind energy development

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2000-07-01

This guidance provides advice on how to assess the cumulative effects of wind energy developments in an area and is aimed at developers, planners, and stakeholders interested in the development of wind energy in the UK. The principles of cumulative assessment, wind energy development in the UK, cumulative assessment of wind energy development, and best practice conclusions are discussed. The identification and assessment of the cumulative effects is examined in terms of global environmental sustainability, local environmental quality and socio-economic activity. Supplementary guidance for assessing the principle cumulative effects on the landscape, on birds, and on the visual effect is provided. The consensus building approach behind the preparation of this guidance is outlined in the annexes of the report.

The challenge of cumulative impacts

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Masden, Elisabeth

2011-07-01

Full text: As governments pledge to combat climate change, wind turbines are becoming a common feature of terrestrial and marine environments. Although wind power is a renewable energy source and a means of reducing carbon emissions, there is a need to ensure that the wind farms themselves do not damage the environment. There is particular concern over the impacts of wind farms on bird populations, and with increasing numbers of wind farm proposals, the concern focuses on cumulative impacts. Individually, a wind farm, or indeed any activity/action, may have minor effects on the environment, but collectively these may be significant, potentially greater than the sum of the individual parts acting alone. Cumulative impact assessment is a legislative requirement of environmental impact assessment but such assessments are rarely adequate restricting the acquisition of basic knowledge about the cumulative impacts of wind farms on bird populations. Reasons for this are numerous but a recurring theme is the lack of clear definitions and guidance on how to perform cumulative assessments. Here we present a conceptual framework and include illustrative examples to demonstrate how the framework can be used to improve the planning and execution of cumulative impact assessments. The core concept is that explicit definitions of impacts, actions and scales of assessment are required to reduce uncertainty in the process of assessment and improve communication between stake holders. Only when it is clear what has been included within a cumulative assessment, is it possible to make comparisons between developments. Our framework requires improved legislative guidance on the actions to include in assessments, and advice on the appropriate baselines against which to assess impacts. Cumulative impacts are currently considered on restricted scales (spatial and temporal) relating to individual development assessments. We propose that benefits would be gained from elevating cumulative

EFFECTIVELY SEARCHING SPECIMEN AND OBSERVATION DATA WITH TOQE, THE THESAURUS OPTIMIZED QUERY EXPANDER

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Anton Güntsch

2009-09-01

Full Text Available Today’s specimen and observation data portals lack a flexible mechanism, able to link up thesaurus-enabled data sources such as taxonomic checklist databases and expand user queries to related terms, significantly enhancing result sets. The TOQE system (Thesaurus Optimized Query Expander is a REST-like XML web-service implemented in Python and designed for this purpose. Acting as an interface between portals and thesauri, TOQE allows the implementation of specialized portal systems with a set of thesauri supporting its specific focus. It is both easy to use for portal programmers and easy to configure for thesaurus database holders who want to expose their system as a service for query expansions. Currently, TOQE is used in four specimen and observation data portals. The documentation is available from http://search.biocase.org/toqe/.

Use of NLM medical subject headings with the MeSH2010 thesaurus in the PORTAL-DOORS system.

Science.gov (United States)

Taswell, Carl

2010-01-01

The NLM MeSH Thesaurus has been incorporated for use in the PORTAL-DOORS System (PDS) for resource metadata management on the semantic web. All 25588 descriptor records from the NLM 2010 MeSH Thesaurus have been exposed as web accessible resources by the PDS MeSH2010 Thesaurus implemented as a PDS PORTAL Registry operating as a RESTful web service. Examples of records from the PDS MeSH2010 PORTAL are demonstrated along with their use by records in other PDS PORTAL Registries that reference the concepts from the MeSH2010 Thesaurus. Use of this important biomedical terminology will greatly enhance the quality of metadata content of other PDS records thus improving cross-domain searches between different problem oriented domains and amongst different clinical specialty fields.

Feasibility Study of Designing the family and Women’s Studies Thesaurus Using BS ISO 25964-1

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Zahra dehsaraie

2016-12-01

Full Text Available Research Objective: Feasibility study of the Family and Women’s Studies Thesaurus considering the expansion of information in the field of women and family studies, as well as the wide span of related vocabulary and the development of vocabulary lists and bibliographies, the Family and Women’s Studies Thesaurus can be a professional tool for indexing and retrieval of women’s information in databases, library collections, archives and documentation centers as well as the Internet. Using this thesaurus, an indexing system will be developed which can be used for indexing, storage and retrieval of family and women’s databases. Methodology: The research method used in this study is documentary-based and the data gathering method was through library search in printed and electronic resources as well as interviewing professionals in the field of family and Women’s Studies. Through building a concept network between the terms, first the main structure of the thesaurus was determined using the inductive method and then the detailed structure was developed. Using this concept network, terms of the field were determined in a specific system and their interrelations were clarified. Findings: By studying resources including books, theses and articles in the field of women and family studies, and using ISO 25964-1 standard, the following 13 major categories were determined for the Family and Women’s Studies Thesaurus : 1. Religion; 2. Health and Hygiene; 3. Politics; 4. Economics; 5.Social Sciences; 6. Education; 7. Psychology; 8. History; 9. Culture and Literature; 10. International Relations; 11. Law; 12. Science and Technology; 13. Sports. There exists a rich vocabulary pool in the above categories; in fact around 6000 terms were identified. Conclusion: Based upon the collected vocabulary and after building the references and scope notes, 243 keywords including 160 preferred terms, 124 related terms, 83 scope notes and 82 non-preferred terms

Joint thesaurus Part I (A-L) + II (M-Z)[International Nuclear Information System. Energy Technology Data Exchange

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2007-04-15

This is the second revision of the ETDE/INIS Joint Thesaurus, including all updates up to September 2006. It contains 21 147 valid descriptors and 9 114 forbidden terms. The Joint Thesaurus contains the controlled terminology for indexing all information within the subject scopes of the International Nuclear Information System (INIS) and the Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDE). The terminology is intended for use in subject descriptions for input or retrieval of information in these systems. The thesaurus is a terminological control device used in translating from the natural language of documents, indexers or users into a more constrained system language It is also a controlled and dynamic vocabulary of semantically and generically related terms which covers a specific domain of knowledge. The basic terminology in this thesaurus goes back to the 1969 edition of the EURATOM Thesaurus. The structure subsequently given to that terminology was the result of a systematic study performed by INIS subject specialists. Further expansion of the thesaurus terminology was done by ETDE to incorporate information on all forms of energy. The ETDE/INIS Joint Thesaurus is the result of continued editing, carried out in parallel to the processing of the INIS and ETDE databases. The domain of knowledge covered by the Joint Thesaurus includes physics (in particular, plasma physics, atomic and molecular physics, and especially nuclear and high-energy physics), chemistry, materials science, earth sciences, radiation biology, radioisotope effects and kinetics, applied life sciences, radiology and nuclear medicine, isotope and radiation source technology, radiation protection, radiation applications, engineering, instrumentation, fossil fuels, synthetic fuels, renewable energy sources, advanced energy systems, fission and fusion reactor technology, safeguards and inspection, waste management, environmental aspects of the production and consumption of energy from nuclear and non

32 CFR 651.16 - Cumulative impacts.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-07-01

... 32 National Defense 4 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 true Cumulative impacts. 651.16 Section 651.16... § 651.16 Cumulative impacts. (a) NEPA analyses must assess cumulative effects, which are the impact on the environment resulting from the incremental impact of the action when added to other past, present...

License - Gene Name Thesaurus | LSDB Archive [Life Science Database Archive metadata

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available List Contact us Gene Name Thesaurus License to Use This Database Last updated : 2012/01/17 The license for this database... is the license specified in the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 2.1 Japan . If you use data from this database..., please be sure attribute this database as follows: Gene Name Thesaurus, © The Data...he summary of the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 2.1 Japan is found here . With regard to this database..., you are licensed to: freely access part or whole of this database, and acquire data; freely redistrib

Divergent Cumulative Cultural Evolution

OpenAIRE

Marriott, Chris; Chebib, Jobran

2016-01-01

Divergent cumulative cultural evolution occurs when the cultural evolutionary trajectory diverges from the biological evolutionary trajectory. We consider the conditions under which divergent cumulative cultural evolution can occur. We hypothesize that two conditions are necessary. First that genetic and cultural information are stored separately in the agent. Second cultural information must be transferred horizontally between agents of different generations. We implement a model with these ...

Carbon dioxide thesaurus: a comprehensive list of terms in use in the CO2 field

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Redford, J.S.

1981-10-01

Standardized terms structured to allow consistent machine storage and retrieval of information pertaining to carbon dioxide and the environment are included in this thesaurus. Although terminology is based on the Energy Data Base Subject Thesaurus used by the Technical Information Center in indexing information of importance to the DOE mission, additional terms highly specific to the CO 2 literature are also included

Cumulative risk, cumulative outcome: a 20-year longitudinal study.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Leslie Atkinson

Full Text Available Cumulative risk (CR models provide some of the most robust findings in the developmental literature, predicting numerous and varied outcomes. Typically, however, these outcomes are predicted one at a time, across different samples, using concurrent designs, longitudinal designs of short duration, or retrospective designs. We predicted that a single CR index, applied within a single sample, would prospectively predict diverse outcomes, i.e., depression, intelligence, school dropout, arrest, smoking, and physical disease from childhood to adulthood. Further, we predicted that number of risk factors would predict number of adverse outcomes (cumulative outcome; CO. We also predicted that early CR (assessed at age 5/6 explains variance in CO above and beyond that explained by subsequent risk (assessed at ages 12/13 and 19/20. The sample consisted of 284 individuals, 48% of whom were diagnosed with a speech/language disorder. Cumulative risk, assessed at 5/6-, 12/13-, and 19/20-years-old, predicted aforementioned outcomes at age 25/26 in every instance. Furthermore, number of risk factors was positively associated with number of negative outcomes. Finally, early risk accounted for variance beyond that explained by later risk in the prediction of CO. We discuss these findings in terms of five criteria posed by these data, positing a "mediated net of adversity" model, suggesting that CR may increase some central integrative factor, simultaneously augmenting risk across cognitive, quality of life, psychiatric and physical health outcomes.

Secant cumulants and toric geometry

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Michalek, M.; Oeding, L.; Zwiernik, P.W.

2012-01-01

We study the secant line variety of the Segre product of projective spaces using special cumulant coordinates adapted for secant varieties. We show that the secant variety is covered by open normal toric varieties. We prove that in cumulant coordinates its ideal is generated by binomial quadrics. We

Cumulative Culture and Future Thinking: Is Mental Time Travel a Prerequisite to Cumulative Cultural Evolution?

Science.gov (United States)

Vale, G. L.; Flynn, E. G.; Kendal, R. L.

2012-01-01

Cumulative culture denotes the, arguably, human capacity to build on the cultural behaviors of one's predecessors, allowing increases in cultural complexity to occur such that many of our cultural artifacts, products and technologies have progressed beyond what a single individual could invent alone. This process of cumulative cultural evolution…

System-Reliability Cumulative-Binomial Program

Science.gov (United States)

Scheuer, Ernest M.; Bowerman, Paul N.

1989-01-01

Cumulative-binomial computer program, NEWTONP, one of set of three programs, calculates cumulative binomial probability distributions for arbitrary inputs. NEWTONP, CUMBIN (NPO-17555), and CROSSER (NPO-17557), used independently of one another. Program finds probability required to yield given system reliability. Used by statisticians and users of statistical procedures, test planners, designers, and numerical analysts. Program written in C.

Cumulative human impacts on marine predators.

Science.gov (United States)

Maxwell, Sara M; Hazen, Elliott L; Bograd, Steven J; Halpern, Benjamin S; Breed, Greg A; Nickel, Barry; Teutschel, Nicole M; Crowder, Larry B; Benson, Scott; Dutton, Peter H; Bailey, Helen; Kappes, Michelle A; Kuhn, Carey E; Weise, Michael J; Mate, Bruce; Shaffer, Scott A; Hassrick, Jason L; Henry, Robert W; Irvine, Ladd; McDonald, Birgitte I; Robinson, Patrick W; Block, Barbara A; Costa, Daniel P

2013-01-01

Stressors associated with human activities interact in complex ways to affect marine ecosystems, yet we lack spatially explicit assessments of cumulative impacts on ecologically and economically key components such as marine predators. Here we develop a metric of cumulative utilization and impact (CUI) on marine predators by combining electronic tracking data of eight protected predator species (n=685 individuals) in the California Current Ecosystem with data on 24 anthropogenic stressors. We show significant variation in CUI with some of the highest impacts within US National Marine Sanctuaries. High variation in underlying species and cumulative impact distributions means that neither alone is sufficient for effective spatial management. Instead, comprehensive management approaches accounting for both cumulative human impacts and trade-offs among multiple stressors must be applied in planning the use of marine resources.

INIS: multilingual thesaurus. Arabic-Chinese-English-French-German-Russian-Spanish

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

2007-04-01

This CD is based on the Joint Thesaurus Part I and II of the ETDE/INIS Joint Reference Series No. 1 (Rev. 2), October 2006. The translations of the terminology from the English version of the INIS Thesaurus into Arabic, Chinese, French, German, Russian and Spanish were performed by specialists from the INIS centres of the Syrian Arab Republic, China, France, Germany, the Russian Federation and Spain, respectively.The INIS Secretariat at the IAEA in Vienna was responsible for coordinating the translations and transferring the machine readable terminology files to the IAEA computer in Vienna, as well as merging and performing numerous tests to ensure correctness and completeness. In addition, the INIS Secretariat was responsible for developing the software necessary for maintaining, updating and printing the multilingual files. The INIS Multilingual Thesaurus is a major tool for describing nuclear information and knowledge in a structured form, which assists in multilingual and semantic searches. The Multilingual Dictionary is intended as a tool to assist indexers, retrievers and other users of the INIS system whose mother tongue is not English. It supports the preparation of input to the system and utilization of its output products. In addition, it also intends to serve those workers in the nuclear field who are not directly connected with INIS, as well as translators, interpreters, authors and others working in the areas of languages, semantics or terminological reference. The domain of knowledge covered by the Joint Thesaurus includes physics (in particular, plasma physics, atomic and molecular physics, and especially nuclear and high-energy physics), chemistry, materials science, earth sciences, radiation biology, radioisotope effects and kinetics, applied life sciences, radiology and nuclear medicine, isotope and radiation source technology, radiation protection, radiation applications, engineering, instrumentation, fossil fuels, synthetic fuels, renewable

Development of Foreign Language Lexical Competence on the Basis of a Learner's Terminological Thesaurus and Dictionary

Science.gov (United States)

Chainikova, Galina R.; Zatonskiy, Andrey V.; Mitiukov, Nicholas W.; Busygina, Helena L.

2018-01-01

The article suggests a method of foreign language lexical competence development on the basis of a Learner's terminological thesaurus and dictionary of software terms which includes four main components: classification part demonstrating the inner logic of the subject area, glossary with definitions of key terms, thesaurus demonstrating logical…

Orbital transfer vehicle launch operations study: Automated technology knowledge base, volume 4

Science.gov (United States)

1986-01-01

A simplified retrieval strategy for compiling automation-related bibliographies from NASA/RECON is presented. Two subsets of NASA Thesaurus subject terms were extracted: a primary list, which is used to obtain an initial set of citations; and a secondary list, which is used to limit or further specify a large initial set of citations. These subject term lists are presented in Appendix A as the Automated Technology Knowledge Base (ATKB) Thesaurus.

Common-Reliability Cumulative-Binomial Program

Science.gov (United States)

Scheuer, Ernest, M.; Bowerman, Paul N.

1989-01-01

Cumulative-binomial computer program, CROSSER, one of set of three programs, calculates cumulative binomial probability distributions for arbitrary inputs. CROSSER, CUMBIN (NPO-17555), and NEWTONP (NPO-17556), used independently of one another. Point of equality between reliability of system and common reliability of components found. Used by statisticians and users of statistical procedures, test planners, designers, and numerical analysts. Program written in C.

Cumulative effects assessment: Does scale matter?

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Therivel, Riki; Ross, Bill

2007-01-01

Cumulative effects assessment (CEA) is (or should be) an integral part of environmental assessment at both the project and the more strategic level. CEA helps to link the different scales of environmental assessment in that it focuses on how a given receptor is affected by the totality of plans, projects and activities, rather than on the effects of a particular plan or project. This article reviews how CEAs consider, and could consider, scale issues: spatial extent, level of detail, and temporal issues. It is based on an analysis of Canadian project-level CEAs and UK strategic-level CEAs. Based on a review of literature and, especially, case studies with which the authors are familiar, it concludes that scale issues are poorly considered at both levels, with particular problems being unclear or non-existing cumulative effects scoping methodologies; poor consideration of past or likely future human activities beyond the plan or project in question; attempts to apportion 'blame' for cumulative effects; and, at the plan level, limited management of cumulative effects caused particularly by the absence of consent regimes. Scale issues are important in most of these problems. However both strategic-level and project-level CEA have much potential for managing cumulative effects through better siting and phasing of development, demand reduction and other behavioural changes, and particularly through setting development consent rules for projects. The lack of strategic resource-based thresholds constrains the robust management of strategic-level cumulative effects

Cumulative cultural learning: Development and diversity

Science.gov (United States)

2017-01-01

The complexity and variability of human culture is unmatched by any other species. Humans live in culturally constructed niches filled with artifacts, skills, beliefs, and practices that have been inherited, accumulated, and modified over generations. A causal account of the complexity of human culture must explain its distinguishing characteristics: It is cumulative and highly variable within and across populations. I propose that the psychological adaptations supporting cumulative cultural transmission are universal but are sufficiently flexible to support the acquisition of highly variable behavioral repertoires. This paper describes variation in the transmission practices (teaching) and acquisition strategies (imitation) that support cumulative cultural learning in childhood. Examining flexibility and variation in caregiver socialization and children’s learning extends our understanding of evolution in living systems by providing insight into the psychological foundations of cumulative cultural transmission—the cornerstone of human cultural diversity. PMID:28739945

Cumulative cultural learning: Development and diversity.

Science.gov (United States)

Legare, Cristine H

2017-07-24

The complexity and variability of human culture is unmatched by any other species. Humans live in culturally constructed niches filled with artifacts, skills, beliefs, and practices that have been inherited, accumulated, and modified over generations. A causal account of the complexity of human culture must explain its distinguishing characteristics: It is cumulative and highly variable within and across populations. I propose that the psychological adaptations supporting cumulative cultural transmission are universal but are sufficiently flexible to support the acquisition of highly variable behavioral repertoires. This paper describes variation in the transmission practices (teaching) and acquisition strategies (imitation) that support cumulative cultural learning in childhood. Examining flexibility and variation in caregiver socialization and children's learning extends our understanding of evolution in living systems by providing insight into the psychological foundations of cumulative cultural transmission-the cornerstone of human cultural diversity.

Calculating Cumulative Binomial-Distribution Probabilities

Science.gov (United States)

Scheuer, Ernest M.; Bowerman, Paul N.

1989-01-01

Cumulative-binomial computer program, CUMBIN, one of set of three programs, calculates cumulative binomial probability distributions for arbitrary inputs. CUMBIN, NEWTONP (NPO-17556), and CROSSER (NPO-17557), used independently of one another. Reliabilities and availabilities of k-out-of-n systems analyzed. Used by statisticians and users of statistical procedures, test planners, designers, and numerical analysts. Used for calculations of reliability and availability. Program written in C.

Cumulative human impacts on marine predators

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Maxwell, Sara M; Hazen, Elliott L; Bograd, Steven J

2013-01-01

Stressors associated with human activities interact in complex ways to affect marine ecosystems, yet we lack spatially explicit assessments of cumulative impacts on ecologically and economically key components such as marine predators. Here we develop a metric of cumulative utilization and impact...

An analysis of cumulative risks based on biomonitoring data for six phthalates using the Maximum Cumulative Ratio

Science.gov (United States)

The Maximum Cumulative Ratio (MCR) quantifies the degree to which a single chemical drives the cumulative risk of an individual exposed to multiple chemicals. Phthalates are a class of chemicals with ubiquitous exposures in the general population that have the potential to cause ...

Chapter 19. Cumulative watershed effects and watershed analysis

Science.gov (United States)

Leslie M. Reid

1998-01-01

Cumulative watershed effects are environmental changes that are affected by more than.one land-use activity and that are influenced by.processes involving the generation or transport.of water. Almost all environmental changes are.cumulative effects, and almost all land-use.activities contribute to cumulative effects

An Analysis of Cumulative Risks Indicated by Biomonitoring Data of Six Phthalates Using the Maximum Cumulative Ratio

Science.gov (United States)

The Maximum Cumulative Ratio (MCR) quantifies the degree to which a single component of a chemical mixture drives the cumulative risk of a receptor.1 This study used the MCR, the Hazard Index (HI) and Hazard Quotient (HQ) to evaluate co-exposures to six phthalates using biomonito...

Managing cumulative impacts: A key to sustainability?

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hunsaker, C.T.

1994-12-31

This paper addresses how science can be more effectively used in creating policy to manage cumulative effects on ecosystems. The paper focuses on the scientific techniques that we have to identify and to assess cumulative impacts on ecosystems. The term ``sustainable development`` was brought into common use by the World Commission on Environment and Development (The Brundtland Commission) in 1987. The Brundtland Commission report highlighted the need to simultaneously address developmental and environmental imperatives simultaneously by calling for development that ``meets the needs of the present generation without compromising the needs of future generations.`` We cannot claim to be working toward sustainable development until we can quantitatively assess cumulative impacts on the environment: The two concepts are inextricibally linked in that the elusiveness of cumulative effects likely has the greatest potential of keeping us from achieving sustainability. In this paper, assessment and management frameworks relevant to cumulative impacts are discussed along with recent literature on how to improve such assessments. When possible, examples are given for marine ecosystems.

El Carreto o Cumulá - Aspidosperma Dugandii Standl El Carreto o Cumulá - Aspidosperma Dugandii Standl

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Dugand Armando

1944-03-01

Full Text Available Nombres vulgares: Carreto (Atlántico, Bolívar, Magdalena; Cumulá, Cumulá (Cundinamarca, ToIima. Según el Dr. Emilio Robledo (Lecciones de Bot. ed. 3, 2: 544. 1939 el nombre Carreto también es empleado en Puerto Berrío (Antioquia. El mismo autor (loc. cit. da el nombre Comulá para una especie indeterminada de Viburnum en Mariquita (Tolima y J. M. Duque, refiriendose a la misma planta y localidad (en Bot. Gen. Colomb. 340, 356. 1943 atribuye este nombre vulgar al Aspidosperma ellipticum Rusby.  Sin embargo, las muestras de madera de Cumulá o Comulá que yo he examinado, procedentes de la región de Mariquita -una de las cuales me fue recientemente enviada por el distinguido ictiólogo Sr. Cecil Miles- pertenecen sin duda alguna al A. Dugandii StandI. Por otra parte, Santiago Cortés (FI. Colomb. 206. 1898; ed, 2: 239. 1912 cita el Cumulá "de Anapoima y otros lugares del (rio Magdalena" diciendo que pertenece a las Leguminosas, pero la brevísima descripción que este autor hace de la madera "naranjada y notable por densidad, dureza y resistencia a la humedad", me induce a creer que se trata del mismo Cumula coleccionado recientemente en Tocaima, ya que esta población esta situada a pocos kilómetros de Anapoima. Nombres vulgares: Carreto (Atlántico, Bolívar, Magdalena; Cumulá, Cumulá (Cundinamarca, ToIima. Según el Dr. Emilio Robledo (Lecciones de Bot. ed. 3, 2: 544. 1939 el nombre Carreto también es empleado en Puerto Berrío (Antioquia. El mismo autor (loc. cit. da el nombre Comulá para una especie indeterminada de Viburnum en Mariquita (Tolima y J. M. Duque, refiriendose a la misma planta y localidad (en Bot. Gen. Colomb. 340, 356. 1943 atribuye este nombre vulgar al Aspidosperma ellipticum Rusby.  Sin embargo, las muestras de madera de Cumulá o Comulá que yo he examinado, procedentes de la región de Mariquita -una de las cuales me fue recientemente enviada por el distinguido ictiólogo Sr. Cecil Miles- pertenecen sin

Predicting Cumulative Incidence Probability by Direct Binomial Regression

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Scheike, Thomas H.; Zhang, Mei-Jie

Binomial modelling; cumulative incidence probability; cause-specific hazards; subdistribution hazard......Binomial modelling; cumulative incidence probability; cause-specific hazards; subdistribution hazard...

7 CFR 42.132 - Determining cumulative sum values.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Determining cumulative sum values. 42.132 Section 42... Determining cumulative sum values. (a) The parameters for the on-line cumulative sum sampling plans for AQL's... 3 1 2.5 3 1 2 1 (b) At the beginning of the basic inspection period, the CuSum value is set equal to...

The Algebra of the Cumulative Percent Operation.

Science.gov (United States)

Berry, Andrew J.

2002-01-01

Discusses how to help students avoid some pervasive reasoning errors in solving cumulative percent problems. Discusses the meaning of ."%+b%." the additive inverse of ."%." and other useful applications. Emphasizes the operational aspect of the cumulative percent concept. (KHR)

Scientific Information Analysis of Chemistry Dissertations Using Thesaurus of Chemistry

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Taghi Rajabi

2017-09-01

Full Text Available : Concept maps of chemistry can be obtained from thesaurus of chemistry. Analysis of information in the field of chemistry is done at graduate level, based on comparing and analyzing chemistry dissertations by using these maps. Therefore, the use of thesaurus for analyzing scientific information is recommended. Major advantage of using this method, is that it is possible to obtain a detailed map of all academic researches across all branches of science. The researches analysis results in chemical science can play a key role in developing strategic research policies, educational programming, linking universities to industries and postgraduate educational programming. This paper will first introduce the concept maps of chemistry. Then, emerging patterns from the concept maps of chemistry will be used to analyze the trend in the academic dissertations in chemistry, using the data collected and stored in our database at Iranian Research Institute for Information Science and Technology (IranDoc over the past 10 years (1998-2009.

Modulation Classification of Satellite Communication Signals Using Cumulants and Neural Networks

Science.gov (United States)

Smith, Aaron; Evans, Michael; Downey, Joseph

2017-01-01

National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)'s future communication architecture is evaluating cognitive technologies and increased system intelligence. These technologies are expected to reduce the operational complexity of the network, increase science data return, and reduce interference to self and others. In order to increase situational awareness, signal classification algorithms could be applied to identify users and distinguish sources of interference. A significant amount of previous work has been done in the area of automatic signal classification for military and commercial applications. As a preliminary step, we seek to develop a system with the ability to discern signals typically encountered in satellite communication. Proposed is an automatic modulation classifier which utilizes higher order statistics (cumulants) and an estimate of the signal-to-noise ratio. These features are extracted from baseband symbols and then processed by a neural network for classification. The modulation types considered are phase-shift keying (PSK), amplitude and phase-shift keying (APSK),and quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM). Physical layer properties specific to the Digital Video Broadcasting - Satellite- Second Generation (DVB-S2) standard, such as pilots and variable ring ratios, are also considered. This paper will provide simulation results of a candidate modulation classifier, and performance will be evaluated over a range of signal-to-noise ratios, frequency offsets, and nonlinear amplifier distortions.

EXAFS cumulants of CdSe

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Diop, D.

1997-04-01

EXAFS functions had been extracted from measurements on the K edge of Se at different temperatures between 20 and 300 K. The analysis of the EXAFS of the filtered first two shells has been done in the wavevector range laying between 2 and 15.5 A -1 in terms of the cumulants of the effective distribution of distances. The cumulants C 3 and C 4 obtained from the phase difference and the amplitude ratio methods have shown the anharmonicity in the vibrations of atoms around their equilibrium position. (author). 13 refs, 3 figs

Does the traditional thesaurus have a place in modern information retrieval?

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Hjørland, Birger

2016-01-01

was (although it won the day in the final voting of this debate). Why is this the case? What is the future prospect for thesauri? The three main points of this paper are: (1) Any knowledge organization system (KOS) is today threatened by Google-like systems, and it is therefore important to consider...... if there still is a need for knowledge organization (KO) in the traditional sense. (2) A thesaurus is a somewhat reduced form of KOS compared to, for example, an ontology, and its "bundling" and restricted number of semantic relations has never been justified theoretically or empirically. Which semantic...... relations are most fruitful is thus an open question. (3) A thesaurus is today mostly considered a standardized tool but different domains may need different kinds of KOS including different sets of relations between terms. It is urgent that progress in information science and KOS is evaluated from proper...

A Proposal for a Thesaurus for Web Services in Solar Radiation

Science.gov (United States)

Gschwind, Benoit; Menard, Lionel; Ranchin, Thierry; Wald, Lucien; Stackhouse, Paul W., Jr.

2007-01-01

Metadata are necessary to discover, describe and exchange any type of information, resource and service at a large scale. A significant amount of effort has been made in the field of geography and environment to establish standards. Efforts still remain to address more specific domains such as renewable energies. This communication focuses on solar energy and more specifically on aspects in solar radiation that relate to geography and meteorology. A thesaurus in solar radiation is proposed for the keys elements in solar radiation namely time, space and radiation types. The importance of time-series in solar radiation is outlined and attributes of the key elements are discussed. An XML schema for encoding metadata is proposed. The exploitation of such a schema in web services is discussed. This proposal is a first attempt at establishing a thesaurus for describing data and applications in solar radiation.

About the cumulants of periodic signals

Science.gov (United States)

Barrau, Axel; El Badaoui, Mohammed

2018-01-01

This note studies cumulants of time series. These functions originating from the probability theory being commonly used as features of deterministic signals, their classical properties are examined in this modified framework. We show additivity of cumulants, ensured in the case of independent random variables, requires here a different hypothesis. Practical applications are proposed, in particular an analysis of the failure of the JADE algorithm to separate some specific periodic signals.

Organisation eines Thesaurus für die Unterstützung der mehrsprachigen Suche in einer bibliographischen Datenbank im Bereich Planen und Bauen

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Dimitri Busch

2016-12-01

Full Text Available Das Problem der mehrsprachigen Suche gewinnt in der letzten Zeit immer mehr an Bedeutung, da viele nützliche Fachinformationen in der Welt in verschiedenen Sprachen publiziert werden. RSWBPlus ist eine bibliographische Datenbank zum Nachweis der Fachliteratur im Bereich Planen und Bauen, welche  deutsch- und englischsprachige Metadaten-Einträge enthält. Bis vor Kurzem war es problematisch Einträge zu finden, deren Sprache sich von der Anfragesprache unterschied. Zum Beispiel fand man auf deutschsprachige Anfragen nur deutschsprachige Einträge, obwohl die Datenbank auch potenziell nützliche englischsprachige Einträge enthielt. Um das Problem zu lösen, wurde nach einer Untersuchung bestehender Ansätze, die RSWBPlus weiterentwickelt, um eine mehrsprachige (sprachübergreifende Suche zu unterstützen, welche unter Einbeziehung eines zweisprachigen begriffbasierten Thesaurus erfolgt. Der Thesaurus wurde aus bereits bestehenden Thesauri automatisch gebildet. Die Einträge der Quell-Thesauri wurden in SKOS-Format (Simple Knowledge Organisation System umgewandelt, automatisch miteinander vereinigt und schließlich in einen Ziel-Thesaurus eingespielt, der ebenfalls in SKOS geführt wird. Für den Zugriff zum Ziel-Thesaurus werden Apache Jena und MS SQL Server verwendet. Bei der mehrsprachigen Suche werden Terme der Anfrage durch entsprechende Übersetzungen und Synonyme in Deutsch und Englisch erweitert. Die Erweiterung der Suchterme kann sowohl in der Laufzeit, als auch halbautomatisch erfolgen. Das verbesserte Recherchesystem kann insbesondere deutschsprachigen Benutzern helfen, relevante englischsprachige Einträge zu finden. Die Verwendung vom SKOS erhöht die Interoperabilität der Thesauri, vereinfacht das Bilden des Ziel-Thesaurus und den Zugriff zu seinen Einträgen.   In recent times, the problem of multi-lingual search is gaining more and more importance, because a lot of useful specialized information are published in several

Cumulative Student Loan Debt in Minnesota, 2015

Science.gov (United States)

Williams-Wyche, Shaun

2016-01-01

To better understand student debt in Minnesota, the Minnesota Office of Higher Education (the Office) gathers information on cumulative student loan debt from Minnesota degree-granting institutions. These data detail the number of students with loans by institution, the cumulative student loan debt incurred at that institution, and the percentage…

High cumulants of conserved charges and their statistical uncertainties

Science.gov (United States)

Li-Zhu, Chen; Ye-Yin, Zhao; Xue, Pan; Zhi-Ming, Li; Yuan-Fang, Wu

2017-10-01

We study the influence of measured high cumulants of conserved charges on their associated statistical uncertainties in relativistic heavy-ion collisions. With a given number of events, the measured cumulants randomly fluctuate with an approximately normal distribution, while the estimated statistical uncertainties are found to be correlated with corresponding values of the obtained cumulants. Generally, with a given number of events, the larger the cumulants we measure, the larger the statistical uncertainties that are estimated. The error-weighted averaged cumulants are dependent on statistics. Despite this effect, however, it is found that the three sigma rule of thumb is still applicable when the statistics are above one million. Supported by NSFC (11405088, 11521064, 11647093), Major State Basic Research Development Program of China (2014CB845402) and Ministry of Science and Technology (MoST) (2016YFE0104800)

Cumulative stress and autonomic dysregulation in a community sample.

Science.gov (United States)

Lampert, Rachel; Tuit, Keri; Hong, Kwang-Ik; Donovan, Theresa; Lee, Forrester; Sinha, Rajita

2016-05-01

Whether cumulative stress, including both chronic stress and adverse life events, is associated with decreased heart rate variability (HRV), a non-invasive measure of autonomic status which predicts poor cardiovascular outcomes, is unknown. Healthy community dwelling volunteers (N = 157, mean age 29 years) participated in the Cumulative Stress/Adversity Interview (CAI), a 140-item event interview measuring cumulative adversity including major life events, life trauma, recent life events and chronic stressors, and underwent 24-h ambulatory ECG monitoring. HRV was analyzed in the frequency domain and standard deviation of NN intervals (SDNN) calculated. Initial simple regression analyses revealed that total cumulative stress score, chronic stressors and cumulative adverse life events (CALE) were all inversely associated with ultra low-frequency (ULF), very low-frequency (VLF) and low-frequency (LF) power and SDNN (all p accounting for additional appreciable variance. For VLF and LF, both total cumulative stress and chronic stress significantly contributed to the variance alone but were not longer significant after adjusting for race and health behaviors. In summary, total cumulative stress, and its components of adverse life events and chronic stress were associated with decreased cardiac autonomic function as measured by HRV. Findings suggest one potential mechanism by which stress may exert adverse effects on mortality in healthy individuals. Primary preventive strategies including stress management may prove beneficial.

Cumulative processes and quark distribution in nuclei

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kondratyuk, L.; Shmatikov, M.

1984-01-01

Assuming existence of multiquark (mainly 12q) bags in nuclei the spectra of cumulative nucleons and mesons produced in high-energy particle-nucleus collisions are discussed. The exponential form of quark momentum distribution in 12q-bag (agreeing well with the experimental data on lepton-nucleus interactions at large q 2 ) is shown to result in quasi-exponential distribution of cumulative particles over the light-cone variable αsub(B). The dependence of f(αsub(B); psub(perpendicular)) (where psub(perpendicular) is the transverse momentum of the bag) upon psub(perpendicular) is considered. The yields of cumulative resonances as well as effects related to the u- and d-quark distributions in N > Z nuclei being different are dicscussed

Predicting Cumulative Incidence Probability: Marginal and Cause-Specific Modelling

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Scheike, Thomas H.; Zhang, Mei-Jie

2005-01-01

cumulative incidence probability; cause-specific hazards; subdistribution hazard; binomial modelling......cumulative incidence probability; cause-specific hazards; subdistribution hazard; binomial modelling...

Decision analysis with cumulative prospect theory.

Science.gov (United States)

Bayoumi, A M; Redelmeier, D A

2000-01-01

Individuals sometimes express preferences that do not follow expected utility theory. Cumulative prospect theory adjusts for some phenomena by using decision weights rather than probabilities when analyzing a decision tree. The authors examined how probability transformations from cumulative prospect theory might alter a decision analysis of a prophylactic therapy in AIDS, eliciting utilities from patients with HIV infection (n = 75) and calculating expected outcomes using an established Markov model. They next focused on transformations of three sets of probabilities: 1) the probabilities used in calculating standard-gamble utility scores; 2) the probabilities of being in discrete Markov states; 3) the probabilities of transitioning between Markov states. The same prophylaxis strategy yielded the highest quality-adjusted survival under all transformations. For the average patient, prophylaxis appeared relatively less advantageous when standard-gamble utilities were transformed. Prophylaxis appeared relatively more advantageous when state probabilities were transformed and relatively less advantageous when transition probabilities were transformed. Transforming standard-gamble and transition probabilities simultaneously decreased the gain from prophylaxis by almost half. Sensitivity analysis indicated that even near-linear probability weighting transformations could substantially alter quality-adjusted survival estimates. The magnitude of benefit estimated in a decision-analytic model can change significantly after using cumulative prospect theory. Incorporating cumulative prospect theory into decision analysis can provide a form of sensitivity analysis and may help describe when people deviate from expected utility theory.

Original and cumulative prospect theory: a discussion of empirical differences

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Wakker, P.P.; Fennema, H.

1997-01-01

This note discusses differences between prospect theory and cumulative prospect theory. It shows that cumulative prospect theory is not merely a formal correction of some theoretical problems in prospect theory, but it also gives different predictions. Experiments are described that favor cumulative

Cumulative radiation dose of multiple trauma patients during their hospitalization

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wang Zhikang; Sun Jianzhong; Zhao Zudan

2012-01-01

Objective: To study the cumulative radiation dose of multiple trauma patients during their hospitalization and to analyze the dose influence factors. Methods: The DLP for CT and DR were retrospectively collected from the patients during June, 2009 and April, 2011 at a university affiliated hospital. The cumulative radiation doses were calculated by summing typical effective doses of the anatomic regions scanned. Results: The cumulative radiation doses of 113 patients were collected. The maximum,minimum and the mean values of cumulative effective doses were 153.3, 16.48 mSv and (52.3 ± 26.6) mSv. Conclusions: Multiple trauma patients have high cumulative radiation exposure. Therefore, the management of cumulative radiation doses should be enhanced. To establish the individualized radiation exposure archives will be helpful for the clinicians and technicians to make decision whether to image again and how to select the imaging parameters. (authors)

Perspectives on cumulative risks and impacts.

Science.gov (United States)

Faust, John B

2010-01-01

Cumulative risks and impacts have taken on different meanings in different regulatory and programmatic contexts at federal and state government levels. Traditional risk assessment methodologies, with considerable limitations, can provide a framework for the evaluation of cumulative risks from chemicals. Under an environmental justice program in California, cumulative impacts are defined to include exposures, public health effects, or environmental effects in a geographic area from the emission or discharge of environmental pollution from all sources, through all media. Furthermore, the evaluation of these effects should take into account sensitive populations and socioeconomic factors where possible and to the extent data are available. Key aspects to this potential approach include the consideration of exposures (versus risk), socioeconomic factors, the geographic or community-level assessment scale, and the inclusion of not only health effects but also environmental effects as contributors to impact. Assessments of this type extend the boundaries of the types of information that toxicologists generally provide for risk management decisions.

Cumulative particle production in the quark recombination model

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gavrilov, V.B.; Leksin, G.A.

1987-01-01

Production of cumulative particles in hadron-nuclear inteactions at high energies is considered within the framework of recombination quark model. Predictions for inclusive cross sections of production of cumulative particles and different resonances containing quarks in s state are made

Cumulative radiation exposure in children with cystic fibrosis.

LENUS (Irish Health Repository)

O'Reilly, R

2010-02-01

This retrospective study calculated the cumulative radiation dose for children with cystic fibrosis (CF) attending a tertiary CF centre. Information on 77 children with a mean age of 9.5 years, a follow up time of 658 person years and 1757 studies including 1485 chest radiographs, 215 abdominal radiographs and 57 computed tomography (CT) scans, of which 51 were thoracic CT scans, were analysed. The average cumulative radiation dose was 6.2 (0.04-25) mSv per CF patient. Cumulative radiation dose increased with increasing age and number of CT scans and was greater in children who presented with meconium ileus. No correlation was identified between cumulative radiation dose and either lung function or patient microbiology cultures. Radiation carries a risk of malignancy and children are particularly susceptible. Every effort must be made to avoid unnecessary radiation exposure in these patients whose life expectancy is increasing.

Measurement of four-particle cumulants and symmetric cumulants with subevent methods in small collision systems with the ATLAS detector

CERN Document Server

Derendarz, Dominik; The ATLAS collaboration

2018-01-01

Measurements of symmetric cumulants SC(n,m)=⟨v2nv2m⟩−⟨v2n⟩⟨v2m⟩ for (n,m)=(2,3) and (2,4) and asymmetric cumulant AC(n) are presented in pp, p+Pb and peripheral Pb+Pb collisions at various collision energies, aiming to probe the long-range collective nature of multi-particle production in small systems. Results are obtained using the standard cumulant method, as well as the two-subevent and three-subevent cumulant methods. Results from the standard method are found to be strongly biased by non-flow correlations as indicated by strong sensitivity to the chosen event class definition. A systematic reduction of non-flow effects is observed when using the two-subevent method and the results become independent of event class definition when the three-subevent method is used. The measured SC(n,m) shows an anti-correlation between v2 and v3, and a positive correlation between v2 and v4. The magnitude of SC(n,m) is constant with Nch in pp collisions, but increases with Nch in p+Pb and Pb+Pb collisions. ...

Online Scheduling in Manufacturing A Cumulative Delay Approach

CERN Document Server

Suwa, Haruhiko

2013-01-01

Online scheduling is recognized as the crucial decision-making process of production control at a phase of “being in production" according to the released shop floor schedule. Online scheduling can be also considered as one of key enablers to realize prompt capable-to-promise as well as available-to-promise to customers along with reducing production lead times under recent globalized competitive markets. Online Scheduling in Manufacturing introduces new approaches to online scheduling based on a concept of cumulative delay. The cumulative delay is regarded as consolidated information of uncertainties under a dynamic environment in manufacturing and can be collected constantly without much effort at any points in time during a schedule execution. In this approach, the cumulative delay of the schedule has the important role of a criterion for making a decision whether or not a schedule revision is carried out. The cumulative delay approach to trigger schedule revisions has the following capabilities for the ...

NASA Tech Briefs, February 2007

Science.gov (United States)

2007-01-01

Topics covered include: Calibration Test Set for a Phase-Comparison Digital Tracker; Wireless Acoustic Measurement System; Spiral Orbit Tribometer; Arrays of Miniature Microphones for Aeroacoustic Testing; Predicting Rocket or Jet Noise in Real Time; Computational Workbench for Multibody Dynamics; High-Power, High-Efficiency Ka-Band Space Traveling-Wave Tube; Gratings and Random Reflectors for Near-Infrared PIN Diodes; Optically Transparent Split-Ring Antennas for 1 to 10 GHz; Ice-Penetrating Robot for Scientific Exploration; Power-Amplifier Module for 145 to 165 GHz; Aerial Videography From Locally Launched Rockets; SiC Multi-Chip Power Modules as Power-System Building Blocks; Automated Design of Restraint Layer of an Inflatable Vessel; TMS for Instantiating a Knowledge Base With Incomplete Data; Simulating Flights of Future Launch Vehicles and Spacecraft; Control Code for Bearingless Switched- Reluctance Motor; Machine Aided Indexing and the NASA Thesaurus; Arbitrating Control of Control and Display Units; Web-Based Software for Managing Research; Driver Code for Adaptive Optics; Ceramic Paste for Patching High-Temperature Insulation; Fabrication of Polyimide-Matrix/Carbon and Boron-Fiber Tape; Protective Skins for Aerogel Monoliths; Code Assesses Risks Posed by Meteoroids and Orbital Debris; Asymmetric Bulkheads for Cylindrical Pressure Vessels; Self-Regulating Water-Separator System for Fuel Cells; Self-Advancing Step-Tap Drills; Array of Bolometers for Submillimeter- Wavelength Operation; Delta-Doped CCDs as Detector Arrays in Mass Spectrometers; Arrays of Bundles of Carbon Nanotubes as Field Emitters; Staggering Inflation To Stabilize Attitude of a Solar Sail; and Bare Conductive Tether for Decelerating a Spacecraft.

Joint Thesaurus. Part I (A-L) + Part II (M-Z)[International Nuclear Information System. Energy Technology Data Exchange

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2004-04-01

This is the 1st revision of the INIS/ETDE Joint Thesaurus. It contains 20 953 valid descriptors and 8 600 forbidden terms. It was last updated in December 2003. The Joint Thesaurus contains the controlled terminology for indexing all information within the subject scope of both INIS (International Nuclear Information System) and ETDE (Energy Technology Data Exchange) information systems. The terminology is intended for use in subject description for input or retrieval of information in those systems. The thesaurus is a terminological control device used in translating from the natural language of documents, indexers or users into a more constrained system language It is also a controlled and dynamic vocabulary of semantically and generically related terms which covers a specific domain of knowledge. The domain of knowledge covered by this Thesaurus includes physics (in particular, plasma physics, atomic and molecular physics, and especially nuclear and high-energy physics), chemistry, materials, earth sciences, radiation biology, radioisotope effects and kinetics, applied life sciences, radiology and nuclear medicine, isotope and radiation source technology, radiation protection, radiation applications, engineering, instrumentation, fossil fuels, synthetic fuels, renewable energy sources, advanced energy systems, fission and fusion reactor technology, safeguards and inspection, waste management, environmental aspects of the production and consumption of energy from nuclear and non-nuclear sources, energy efficiency and energy conservation, economics and sociology of energy production and use, energy policy, and nuclear law. The terms in the Thesaurus are listed alphabetically, and with each alphabetic entry a word block containing the terms associated with the particular entry is displayed. In the word block, terms that have a hierarchical relationship to the entry are identified by the symbols BT and NT, for Broader Term and Narrower Term. Those with an affinitive

Improving cumulative effects assessment in Alberta: Regional strategic assessment

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Johnson, Dallas; Lalonde, Kim; McEachern, Menzie; Kenney, John; Mendoza, Gustavo; Buffin, Andrew; Rich, Kate

2011-01-01

The Government of Alberta, Canada is developing a regulatory framework to better manage cumulative environmental effects from development in the province. A key component of this effort is regional planning, which will lay the primary foundation for cumulative effects management into the future. Alberta Environment has considered the information needs of regional planning and has concluded that Regional Strategic Assessment may offer significant advantages if integrated into the planning process, including the overall improvement of cumulative environmental effects assessment in the province.

A bivariate optimal replacement policy with cumulative repair cost ...

Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

Min-Tsai Lai

Shock model; cumulative damage model; cumulative repair cost limit; preventive maintenance model. 1. Introduction ... with two types of shocks: one type is failure shock, and the other type is damage ...... Theory, methods and applications.

An evaluation paradigm for cumulative impact analysis

Science.gov (United States)

Stakhiv, Eugene Z.

1988-09-01

Cumulative impact analysis is examined from a conceptual decision-making perspective, focusing on its implicit and explicit purposes as suggested within the policy and procedures for environmental impact analysis of the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (NEPA) and its implementing regulations. In this article it is also linked to different evaluation and decision-making conventions, contrasting a regulatory context with a comprehensive planning framework. The specific problems that make the application of cumulative impact analysis a virtually intractable evaluation requirement are discussed in connection with the federal regulation of wetlands uses. The relatively familiar US Army Corps of Engineers' (the Corps) permit program, in conjunction with the Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) responsibilities in managing its share of the Section 404 regulatory program requirements, is used throughout as the realistic context for highlighting certain pragmatic evaluation aspects of cumulative impact assessment. To understand the purposes of cumulative impact analysis (CIA), a key distinction must be made between the implied comprehensive and multiobjective evaluation purposes of CIA, promoted through the principles and policies contained in NEPA, and the more commonly conducted and limited assessment of cumulative effects (ACE), which focuses largely on the ecological effects of human actions. Based on current evaluation practices within the Corps' and EPA's permit programs, it is shown that the commonly used screening approach to regulating wetlands uses is not compatible with the purposes of CIA, nor is the environmental impact statement (EIS) an appropriate vehicle for evaluating the variety of objectives and trade-offs needed as part of CIA. A heuristic model that incorporates the basic elements of CIA is developed, including the idea of trade-offs among social, economic, and environmental protection goals carried out within the context of environmental

Cumulants in perturbation expansions for non-equilibrium field theory

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Fauser, R.

1995-11-01

The formulation of perturbation expansions for a quantum field theory of strongly interacting systems in a general non-equilibrium state is discussed. Non-vanishing initial correlations are included in the formulation of the perturbation expansion in terms of cumulants. The cumulants are shown to be the suitable candidate for summing up the perturbation expansion. Also a linked-cluster theorem for the perturbation series with cumulants is presented. Finally a generating functional of the perturbation series with initial correlations is studied. We apply the methods to a simple model of a fermion-boson system. (orig.)

An Approach to Measuring Semantic Relatedness of Geographic Terminologies Using a Thesaurus and Lexical Database Sources

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Zugang Chen

2018-03-01

Full Text Available In geographic information science, semantic relatedness is important for Geographic Information Retrieval (GIR, Linked Geospatial Data, geoparsing, and geo-semantics. But computing the semantic similarity/relatedness of geographic terminology is still an urgent issue to tackle. The thesaurus is a ubiquitous and sophisticated knowledge representation tool existing in various domains. In this article, we combined the generic lexical database (WordNet or HowNet with the Thesaurus for Geographic Science and proposed a thesaurus–lexical relatedness measure (TLRM to compute the semantic relatedness of geographic terminology. This measure quantified the relationship between terminologies, interlinked the discrete term trees by using the generic lexical database, and realized the semantic relatedness computation of any two terminologies in the thesaurus. The TLRM was evaluated on a new relatedness baseline, namely, the Geo-Terminology Relatedness Dataset (GTRD which was built by us, and the TLRM obtained a relatively high cognitive plausibility. Finally, we applied the TLRM on a geospatial data sharing portal to support data retrieval. The application results of the 30 most frequently used queries of the portal demonstrated that using TLRM could improve the recall of geospatial data retrieval in most situations and rank the retrieval results by the matching scores between the query of users and the geospatial dataset.

Maintenance hemodialysis patients have high cumulative radiation exposure.

LENUS (Irish Health Repository)

Kinsella, Sinead M

2010-10-01

Hemodialysis is associated with an increased risk of neoplasms which may result, at least in part, from exposure to ionizing radiation associated with frequent radiographic procedures. In order to estimate the average radiation exposure of those on hemodialysis, we conducted a retrospective study of 100 patients in a university-based dialysis unit followed for a median of 3.4 years. The number and type of radiological procedures were obtained from a central radiology database, and the cumulative effective radiation dose was calculated using standardized, procedure-specific radiation levels. The median annual radiation dose was 6.9 millisieverts (mSv) per patient-year. However, 14 patients had an annual cumulative effective radiation dose over 20 mSv, the upper averaged annual limit for occupational exposure. The median total cumulative effective radiation dose per patient over the study period was 21.7 mSv, in which 13 patients had a total cumulative effective radiation dose over 75 mSv, a value reported to be associated with a 7% increased risk of cancer-related mortality. Two-thirds of the total cumulative effective radiation dose was due to CT scanning. The average radiation exposure was significantly associated with the cause of end-stage renal disease, history of ischemic heart disease, transplant waitlist status, number of in-patient hospital days over follow-up, and death during the study period. These results highlight the substantial exposure to ionizing radiation in hemodialysis patients.

Cognitive approach to the construction of three-language terminological thesaurus

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Grigorij Chetverikov

2015-11-01

Full Text Available Cognitive approach to the construction of three-language terminological thesaurus The paper is devoted to developing a lexicographic database of a three-language terminological dictionary. The detailed analysis of a relations scheme between tables and structures of tables with the help of three-layer decomposition predicate method is carried out, which has allowed to define ways of solving direct and reversible three-language electronic dictionaries creation problem.

CUMBIN - CUMULATIVE BINOMIAL PROGRAMS

Science.gov (United States)

Bowerman, P. N.

1994-01-01

The cumulative binomial program, CUMBIN, is one of a set of three programs which calculate cumulative binomial probability distributions for arbitrary inputs. The three programs, CUMBIN, NEWTONP (NPO-17556), and CROSSER (NPO-17557), can be used independently of one another. CUMBIN can be used by statisticians and users of statistical procedures, test planners, designers, and numerical analysts. The program has been used for reliability/availability calculations. CUMBIN calculates the probability that a system of n components has at least k operating if the probability that any one operating is p and the components are independent. Equivalently, this is the reliability of a k-out-of-n system having independent components with common reliability p. CUMBIN can evaluate the incomplete beta distribution for two positive integer arguments. CUMBIN can also evaluate the cumulative F distribution and the negative binomial distribution, and can determine the sample size in a test design. CUMBIN is designed to work well with all integer values 0 < k <= n. To run the program, the user simply runs the executable version and inputs the information requested by the program. The program is not designed to weed out incorrect inputs, so the user must take care to make sure the inputs are correct. Once all input has been entered, the program calculates and lists the result. The CUMBIN program is written in C. It was developed on an IBM AT with a numeric co-processor using Microsoft C 5.0. Because the source code is written using standard C structures and functions, it should compile correctly with most C compilers. The program format is interactive. It has been implemented under DOS 3.2 and has a memory requirement of 26K. CUMBIN was developed in 1988.

Cumulative effect in multiple production processes on nuclei

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Golubyatnikova, E.S.; Shmonin, V.L.; Kalinkin, B.N.

1989-01-01

It is shown that the cumulative effect is a natural result of the process of hadron multiple production in nuclear reactions. Interpretation is made of the universality of slopes of inclusive spectra and other characteristics of cumulative hadrons. The character of information from such reactions is discussed, which could be helpful in studying the mechanism of multiparticle production. 27 refs.; 4 figs

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: Threskiornithidae [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

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Estimating a population cumulative incidence under calendar time trends

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Hansen, Stefan N; Overgaard, Morten; Andersen, Per K

2017-01-01

BACKGROUND: The risk of a disease or psychiatric disorder is frequently measured by the age-specific cumulative incidence. Cumulative incidence estimates are often derived in cohort studies with individuals recruited over calendar time and with the end of follow-up governed by a specific date....... It is common practice to apply the Kaplan-Meier or Aalen-Johansen estimator to the total sample and report either the estimated cumulative incidence curve or just a single point on the curve as a description of the disease risk. METHODS: We argue that, whenever the disease or disorder of interest is influenced...

A Framework for Treating Cumulative Trauma with Art Therapy

Science.gov (United States)

Naff, Kristina

2014-01-01

Cumulative trauma is relatively undocumented in art therapy practice, although there is growing evidence that art therapy provides distinct benefits for resolving various traumas. This qualitative study proposes an art therapy treatment framework for cumulative trauma derived from semi-structured interviews with three art therapists and artistic…

Cumulative Environmental Impacts: Science and Policy to Protect Communities.

Science.gov (United States)

Solomon, Gina M; Morello-Frosch, Rachel; Zeise, Lauren; Faust, John B

2016-01-01

Many communities are located near multiple sources of pollution, including current and former industrial sites, major roadways, and agricultural operations. Populations in such locations are predominantly low-income, with a large percentage of minorities and non-English speakers. These communities face challenges that can affect the health of their residents, including limited access to health care, a shortage of grocery stores, poor housing quality, and a lack of parks and open spaces. Environmental exposures may interact with social stressors, thereby worsening health outcomes. Age, genetic characteristics, and preexisting health conditions increase the risk of adverse health effects from exposure to pollutants. There are existing approaches for characterizing cumulative exposures, cumulative risks, and cumulative health impacts. Although such approaches have merit, they also have significant constraints. New developments in exposure monitoring, mapping, toxicology, and epidemiology, especially when informed by community participation, have the potential to advance the science on cumulative impacts and to improve decision making.

Baltic Sea biodiversity status vs. cumulative human pressures

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Andersen, Jesper H.; Halpern, Benjamin S.; Korpinen, Samuli

2015-01-01

Abstract Many studies have tried to explain spatial and temporal variations in biodiversity status of marine areas from a single-issue perspective, such as fishing pressure or coastal pollution, yet most continental seas experience a wide range of human pressures. Cumulative impact assessments have...... been developed to capture the consequences of multiple stressors for biodiversity, but the ability of these assessments to accurately predict biodiversity status has never been tested or ground-truthed. This relationship has similarly been assumed for the Baltic Sea, especially in areas with impaired...... status, but has also never been documented. Here we provide a first tentative indication that cumulative human impacts relate to ecosystem condition, i.e. biodiversity status, in the Baltic Sea. Thus, cumulative impact assessments offer a promising tool for informed marine spatial planning, designation...

Conceptual models for cumulative risk assessment.

Science.gov (United States)

Linder, Stephen H; Sexton, Ken

2011-12-01

In the absence of scientific consensus on an appropriate theoretical framework, cumulative risk assessment and related research have relied on speculative conceptual models. We argue for the importance of theoretical backing for such models and discuss 3 relevant theoretical frameworks, each supporting a distinctive "family" of models. Social determinant models postulate that unequal health outcomes are caused by structural inequalities; health disparity models envision social and contextual factors acting through individual behaviors and biological mechanisms; and multiple stressor models incorporate environmental agents, emphasizing the intermediary role of these and other stressors. The conclusion is that more careful reliance on established frameworks will lead directly to improvements in characterizing cumulative risk burdens and accounting for disproportionate adverse health effects.

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: Tenthredinidae [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

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JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: Gelechiidae [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

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Cumulative query method for influenza surveillance using search engine data.

Science.gov (United States)

Seo, Dong-Woo; Jo, Min-Woo; Sohn, Chang Hwan; Shin, Soo-Yong; Lee, JaeHo; Yu, Maengsoo; Kim, Won Young; Lim, Kyoung Soo; Lee, Sang-Il

2014-12-16

Internet search queries have become an important data source in syndromic surveillance system. However, there is currently no syndromic surveillance system using Internet search query data in South Korea. The objective of this study was to examine correlations between our cumulative query method and national influenza surveillance data. Our study was based on the local search engine, Daum (approximately 25% market share), and influenza-like illness (ILI) data from the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. A quota sampling survey was conducted with 200 participants to obtain popular queries. We divided the study period into two sets: Set 1 (the 2009/10 epidemiological year for development set 1 and 2010/11 for validation set 1) and Set 2 (2010/11 for development Set 2 and 2011/12 for validation Set 2). Pearson's correlation coefficients were calculated between the Daum data and the ILI data for the development set. We selected the combined queries for which the correlation coefficients were .7 or higher and listed them in descending order. Then, we created a cumulative query method n representing the number of cumulative combined queries in descending order of the correlation coefficient. In validation set 1, 13 cumulative query methods were applied, and 8 had higher correlation coefficients (min=.916, max=.943) than that of the highest single combined query. Further, 11 of 13 cumulative query methods had an r value of ≥.7, but 4 of 13 combined queries had an r value of ≥.7. In validation set 2, 8 of 15 cumulative query methods showed higher correlation coefficients (min=.975, max=.987) than that of the highest single combined query. All 15 cumulative query methods had an r value of ≥.7, but 6 of 15 combined queries had an r value of ≥.7. Cumulative query method showed relatively higher correlation with national influenza surveillance data than combined queries in the development and validation set.

The challenges and opportunities in cumulative effects assessment

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Foley, Melissa M., E-mail: mfoley@usgs.gov [U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center, 400 Natural Bridges, Dr., Santa Cruz, CA 95060 (United States); Center for Ocean Solutions, Stanford University, 99 Pacific St., Monterey, CA 93940 (United States); Mease, Lindley A., E-mail: lamease@stanford.edu [Center for Ocean Solutions, Stanford University, 473 Via Ortega, Stanford, CA 94305 (United States); Martone, Rebecca G., E-mail: rmartone@stanford.edu [Center for Ocean Solutions, Stanford University, 99 Pacific St., Monterey, CA 93940 (United States); Prahler, Erin E. [Center for Ocean Solutions, Stanford University, 473 Via Ortega, Stanford, CA 94305 (United States); Morrison, Tiffany H., E-mail: tiffany.morrison@jcu.edu.au [ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, 4811 (Australia); Murray, Cathryn Clarke, E-mail: cmurray@pices.int [WWF-Canada, 409 Granville Street, Suite 1588, Vancouver, BC V6C 1T2 (Canada); Wojcik, Deborah, E-mail: deb.wojcik@duke.edu [Nicholas School for the Environment, Duke University, 9 Circuit Dr., Durham, NC 27708 (United States)

2017-01-15

The cumulative effects of increasing human use of the ocean and coastal zone have contributed to a rapid decline in ocean and coastal resources. As a result, scientists are investigating how multiple, overlapping stressors accumulate in the environment and impact ecosystems. These investigations are the foundation for the development of new tools that account for and predict cumulative effects in order to more adequately prevent or mitigate negative effects. Despite scientific advances, legal requirements, and management guidance, those who conduct assessments—including resource managers, agency staff, and consultants—continue to struggle to thoroughly evaluate cumulative effects, particularly as part of the environmental assessment process. Even though 45 years have passed since the United States National Environmental Policy Act was enacted, which set a precedent for environmental assessment around the world, defining impacts, baseline, scale, and significance are still major challenges associated with assessing cumulative effects. In addition, we know little about how practitioners tackle these challenges or how assessment aligns with current scientific recommendations. To shed more light on these challenges and gaps, we undertook a comparative study on how cumulative effects assessment (CEA) is conducted by practitioners operating under some of the most well-developed environmental laws around the globe: California, USA; British Columbia, Canada; Queensland, Australia; and New Zealand. We found that practitioners used a broad and varied definition of impact for CEA, which led to differences in how baseline, scale, and significance were determined. We also found that practice and science are not closely aligned and, as such, we highlight opportunities for managers, policy makers, practitioners, and scientists to improve environmental assessment.

The challenges and opportunities in cumulative effects assessment

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Foley, Melissa M.; Mease, Lindley A.; Martone, Rebecca G.; Prahler, Erin E.; Morrison, Tiffany H.; Murray, Cathryn Clarke; Wojcik, Deborah

2017-01-01

The cumulative effects of increasing human use of the ocean and coastal zone have contributed to a rapid decline in ocean and coastal resources. As a result, scientists are investigating how multiple, overlapping stressors accumulate in the environment and impact ecosystems. These investigations are the foundation for the development of new tools that account for and predict cumulative effects in order to more adequately prevent or mitigate negative effects. Despite scientific advances, legal requirements, and management guidance, those who conduct assessments—including resource managers, agency staff, and consultants—continue to struggle to thoroughly evaluate cumulative effects, particularly as part of the environmental assessment process. Even though 45 years have passed since the United States National Environmental Policy Act was enacted, which set a precedent for environmental assessment around the world, defining impacts, baseline, scale, and significance are still major challenges associated with assessing cumulative effects. In addition, we know little about how practitioners tackle these challenges or how assessment aligns with current scientific recommendations. To shed more light on these challenges and gaps, we undertook a comparative study on how cumulative effects assessment (CEA) is conducted by practitioners operating under some of the most well-developed environmental laws around the globe: California, USA; British Columbia, Canada; Queensland, Australia; and New Zealand. We found that practitioners used a broad and varied definition of impact for CEA, which led to differences in how baseline, scale, and significance were determined. We also found that practice and science are not closely aligned and, as such, we highlight opportunities for managers, policy makers, practitioners, and scientists to improve environmental assessment.

The challenges and opportunities in cumulative effects assessment

Science.gov (United States)

Foley, Melissa M.; Mease, Lindley A; Martone, Rebecca G; Prahler, Erin E; Morrison, Tiffany H; Clarke Murray, Cathryn; Wojcik, Deborah

2016-01-01

The cumulative effects of increasing human use of the ocean and coastal zone have contributed to a rapid decline in ocean and coastal resources. As a result, scientists are investigating how multiple, overlapping stressors accumulate in the environment and impact ecosystems. These investigations are the foundation for the development of new tools that account for and predict cumulative effects in order to more adequately prevent or mitigate negative effects. Despite scientific advances, legal requirements, and management guidance, those who conduct assessments—including resource managers, agency staff, and consultants—continue to struggle to thoroughly evaluate cumulative effects, particularly as part of the environmental assessment process. Even though 45 years have passed since the United States National Environmental Policy Act was enacted, which set a precedent for environmental assessment around the world, defining impacts, baseline, scale, and significance are still major challenges associated with assessing cumulative effects. In addition, we know little about how practitioners tackle these challenges or how assessment aligns with current scientific recommendations. To shed more light on these challenges and gaps, we undertook a comparative study on how cumulative effects assessment (CEA) is conducted by practitioners operating under some of the most well-developed environmental laws around the globe: California, USA; British Columbia, Canada; Queensland, Australia; and New Zealand. We found that practitioners used a broad and varied definition of impact for CEA, which led to differences in how baseline, scale, and significance were determined. We also found that practice and science are not closely aligned and, as such, we highlight opportunities for managers, policy makers, practitioners, and scientists to improve environmental assessment.

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: Phragmites australis [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

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JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: Phragmites communis [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

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JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: Triticum [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term Triticum 名詞 一般 * * * * コムギ属 コムギゾク コムギゾク Thesaurus2015 200906055861156856 C LS06 UNKNOWN_1 Triticum

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: Hibiscus [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

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JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: Phellodendron [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term Phellodendron 名詞 一般 * * * * キハダ属 キハダゾク キハダゾク Thesaurus2015 200906094869403491 C LS06 UNKNOWN_1 Phellodendron

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: Rhododendron [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term Rhododendron 名詞 一般 * * * * ツツジ属 ツツジゾク ツツジゾク Thesaurus2015 200906011353058086 C LS06 UNKNOWN_1 Rhododendron

Managing regional cumulative effects of oil sands development in Alberta, Canada

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Spaling, H.; Zwier, J.

2000-01-01

This paper demonstrates an approach to regional cumulative effects management using the case of oil sands development in Alberta, Canada. The 17 existing, approved, or planned projects, all concentrated in a relatively small region, pose significant challenges for conducting and reviewing cumulative effects assessment (CEA) on a project-by-project basis. In response, stakeholders have initiated a regional cumulative effects management system that is among the first such initiatives anywhere. Advantages of this system include (1) more efficient gathering and sharing of information, including a common regional database, (2) setting acceptable regional environmental thresholds for all projects, (3) collaborative assessment of similar cumulative effects from related projects, (4) co-ordinated regulatory review and approval process for overlapping CEAs, and (5) institutional empowerment from a Regional Sustainable Development Strategy administered by a public authority. This case provides a model for integrating project-based CEA with regional management of cumulative effects. (author)

Cumulative effects of planned industrial development and climate change on marine ecosystems

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Cathryn Clarke Murray

2015-07-01

Full Text Available With increasing human population, large scale climate changes, and the interaction of multiple stressors, understanding cumulative effects on marine ecosystems is increasingly important. Two major drivers of change in coastal and marine ecosystems are industrial developments with acute impacts on local ecosystems, and global climate change stressors with widespread impacts. We conducted a cumulative effects mapping analysis of the marine waters of British Columbia, Canada, under different scenarios: climate change and planned developments. At the coast-wide scale, climate change drove the largest change in cumulative effects with both widespread impacts and high vulnerability scores. Where the impacts of planned developments occur, planned industrial and pipeline activities had high cumulative effects, but the footprint of these effects was comparatively localized. Nearshore habitats were at greatest risk from planned industrial and pipeline activities; in particular, the impacts of planned pipelines on rocky intertidal habitats were predicted to cause the highest change in cumulative effects. This method of incorporating planned industrial development in cumulative effects mapping allows explicit comparison of different scenarios with the potential to be used in environmental impact assessments at various scales. Its use allows resource managers to consider cumulative effect hotspots when making decisions regarding industrial developments and avoid unacceptable cumulative effects. Management needs to consider both global and local stressors in managing marine ecosystems for the protection of biodiversity and the provisioning of ecosystem services.

The effects of cumulative practice on mathematics problem solving.

Science.gov (United States)

Mayfield, Kristin H; Chase, Philip N

2002-01-01

This study compared three different methods of teaching five basic algebra rules to college students. All methods used the same procedures to teach the rules and included four 50-question review sessions interspersed among the training of the individual rules. The differences among methods involved the kinds of practice provided during the four review sessions. Participants who received cumulative practice answered 50 questions covering a mix of the rules learned prior to each review session. Participants who received a simple review answered 50 questions on one previously trained rule. Participants who received extra practice answered 50 extra questions on the rule they had just learned. Tests administered after each review included new questions for applying each rule (application items) and problems that required novel combinations of the rules (problem-solving items). On the final test, the cumulative group outscored the other groups on application and problem-solving items. In addition, the cumulative group solved the problem-solving items significantly faster than the other groups. These results suggest that cumulative practice of component skills is an effective method of training problem solving.

Super-Resolution Algorithm in Cumulative Virtual Blanking

Science.gov (United States)

Montillet, J. P.; Meng, X.; Roberts, G. W.; Woolfson, M. S.

2008-11-01

The proliferation of mobile devices and the emergence of wireless location-based services have generated consumer demand for precise location. In this paper, the MUSIC super-resolution algorithm is applied to time delay estimation for positioning purposes in cellular networks. The goal is to position a Mobile Station with UMTS technology. The problem of Base-Stations herability is solved using Cumulative Virtual Blanking. A simple simulator is presented using DS-SS signal. The results show that MUSIC algorithm improves the time delay estimation in both the cases whether or not Cumulative Virtual Blanking was carried out.

Analysis of LDPE-ZnO-clay nanocomposites using novel cumulative rheological parameters

Science.gov (United States)

Kracalik, Milan

2017-05-01

Polymer nanocomposites exhibit complex rheological behaviour due to physical and also possibly chemical interactions between individual phases. Up to now, rheology of dispersive polymer systems has been usually described by evaluation of viscosity curve (shear thinning phenomenon), storage modulus curve (formation of secondary plateau) or plotting information about dumping behaviour (e.g. Van Gurp-Palmen-plot, comparison of loss factor tan δ). On the contrary to evaluation of damping behaviour, values of cot δ were calculated and called as "storage factor", analogically to loss factor. Then values of storage factor were integrated over specific frequency range and called as "cumulative storage factor". In this contribution, LDPE-ZnO-clay nanocomposites with different dispersion grades (physical networks) have been prepared and characterized by both conventional as well as novel analysis approach. Next to cumulative storage factor, further cumulative rheological parameters like cumulative complex viscosity, cumulative complex modulus or cumulative storage modulus have been introduced.

Blunder, Error, Mistake, Pitfall: Trawling the OED with the Help of the Historical Thesaurus

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jane Roberts

2017-04-01

Full Text Available The paper considers the lexis of error and examines its use across time in relation to the writing and spelling of English, to grammar and pronunciation. Discussion focuses first on the earliest records of notions of correctness in English language usage, from Ælfric forwards to the emergence of standard English, from the sixteenth century’s growing worries about copiousness and purity of diction to eighteenth-century concerns to prescribe and rule the language. The historical overview is complemented by consideration of the data drawn together by the Glasgow Historical Thesaurus project, its evidence taken from the Oxford English Dictionary and the Dictionary of Old English Corpus. For earlier centuries, there are by far fewer relevant citations, often buried within words wide in reference. With the help of the Historical Thesaurus we drill down to view how views of language mistakes and errors have changed over the centuries of the recorded history of English.

Expansion formulae for characteristics of cumulative cost in finite horizon production models

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Ayhan, H.; Schlegel, S.

2001-01-01

We consider the expected value and the tail probability of cumulative shortage and holding cost (i.e. the probability that cumulative cost is more than a certain value) in finite horizon production models. An exact expression is provided for the expected value of the cumulative cost for general

Cumulative Trauma Among Mayas Living in Southeast Florida.

Science.gov (United States)

Millender, Eugenia I; Lowe, John

2017-06-01

Mayas, having experienced genocide, exile, and severe poverty, are at high risk for the consequences of cumulative trauma that continually resurfaces through current fear of an uncertain future. Little is known about the mental health and alcohol use status of this population. This correlational study explored t/he relationship of cumulative trauma as it relates to social determinants of health (years in the United States, education, health insurance status, marital status, and employment), psychological health (depression symptoms), and health behaviors (alcohol use) of 102 Guatemalan Mayas living in Southeast Florida. The results of this study indicated that, as specific social determinants of health and cumulative trauma increased, depression symptoms (particularly among women) and the risk for harmful alcohol use (particularly among men) increased. Identifying risk factors at an early stage before serious disease or problems are manifest provides room for early screening leading to early identification, early treatment, and better outcomes.

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: Hibiscus cannabinus [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term Hibiscus cannabinus 名詞 一般 * * * *... ケナフ ケナフ ケナフ Thesaurus2015 200906017528823668 C LS06 UNKNOWN_2 Hibiscus cannabinus

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: Crassostrea gigas [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term Crassostrea gigas 名詞 一般 * * * * マ...ガキ マガキ マガキ Thesaurus2015 200906057106354047 C LS05 UNKNOWN_2 Crassostrea gigas

Origin of path independence between cumulative CO2 emissions and global warming

Science.gov (United States)

Seshadri, Ashwin K.

2017-11-01

Observations and GCMs exhibit approximate proportionality between cumulative carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and global warming. Here we identify sufficient conditions for the relationship between cumulative CO2 emissions and global warming to be independent of the path of CO2 emissions; referred to as "path independence". Our starting point is a closed form expression for global warming in a two-box energy balance model (EBM), which depends explicitly on cumulative emissions, airborne fraction and time. Path independence requires that this function can be approximated as depending on cumulative emissions alone. We show that path independence arises from weak constraints, occurring if the timescale for changes in cumulative emissions (equal to ratio between cumulative emissions and emissions rate) is small compared to the timescale for changes in airborne fraction (which depends on CO2 uptake), and also small relative to a derived climate model parameter called the damping-timescale, which is related to the rate at which deep-ocean warming affects global warming. Effects of uncertainties in the climate model and carbon cycle are examined. Large deep-ocean heat capacity in the Earth system is not necessary for path independence, which appears resilient to climate modeling uncertainties. However long time-constants in the Earth system carbon cycle are essential, ensuring that airborne fraction changes slowly with timescale much longer than the timescale for changes in cumulative emissions. Therefore path independence between cumulative emissions and warming cannot arise for short-lived greenhouse gases.

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: Piper [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term Piper 名詞 一般 * * * * コショウ属 コショウゾク コショーゾク Thesaurus2015 200906052994671517 C LS06 UNKNOWN_1 Piper

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: TOC [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term TOC 名詞 一般 * * * * ＴＯＣ【炭素】 ＴＯＣ ティーオーシー Thesaurus2015 200906028998811684 C AC29 UNKNOWN_1 TOC

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: Glossina [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term Glossina 名詞 一般 * * * * ツェツェバエ ツェツェバエ ツェツェバエ Thesaurus2015 200906046393952985 C LS05 UNKNOWN_1 Glossina

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: Lyme病 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term Lyme病 名詞 一般 * * * * ライム病 ライムビョウ ライムビョー Thesaurus2015 200906092018596316 C LS51 UNKNOWN_2 Lyme 病

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: Secale [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term Secale 名詞 一般 * * * * ライムギ属 ライムギゾク ライムギゾク Thesaurus2015 200906053529242894 C LS06 UNKNOWN_1 Secale

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: Sorghum [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term Sorghum 名詞 一般 * * * * モロコシ属 モロコシゾク モロコシゾク Thesaurus2015 200906021863132103 C LS06 UNKNOWN_1 Sorghum

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: SPICE [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term SPICE 名詞 一般 * * * * 香辛料 コウシンリョウ コーシンリョー Thesaurus2015 200906038818853584 C LS72 UNKNOWN_1 SPICE

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: Pholiota [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term Pholiota 名詞 一般 * * * * スギタケ属 スギタケゾク スギタケゾク Thesaurus2015 200906066403251140 C LS07 UNKNOWN_1 Pholiota

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: Bufonidae [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term Bufonidae 名詞 一般 * * * * ヒキガエル科 ヒキガエルカ ヒキガエルカ Thesaurus2015 200906060477716147 C LS05 UNKNOWN_1 Bufonidae

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: Diporeia [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term Diporeia 名詞 一般 * * * * 端脚類 タンキャクルイ タンキャクルイ Thesaurus2015 200906068339317712 C LS05 UNKNOWN_1 Diporeia

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: Nepovirus [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term Nepovirus 名詞 一般 * * * * ネポウイルス ネポウイルス ネポーイルス Thesaurus2015 200906006576794570 C LS07 UNKNOWN_1 Nepovirus

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: Potyvirus [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term Potyvirus 名詞 一般 * * * * ポチウイルス ポチウイルス ポチウイルス Thesaurus2015 200906013467309480 C LS07 UNKNOWN_1 Potyvirus

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: Comovirus [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term Comovirus 名詞 一般 * * * * コモウイルス コモウイルス コモーイルス Thesaurus2015 200906083294414125 C LS07 UNKNOWN_1 Comovirus

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: Rhodomelaceae [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term Rhodomelaceae 名詞 一般 * * * * フジマツモ...科 フジマツモカ フジマツモカ Thesaurus2015 200906010206623464 C LS06 UNKNOWN_1 Rhodomelaceae

Cumulative effects of wind turbines. Volume 3: Report on results of consultations on cumulative effects of wind turbines on birds

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2000-07-01

This report gives details of the consultations held in developing the consensus approach taken in assessing the cumulative effects of wind turbines. Contributions on bird issues, and views of stakeholders, the Countryside Council for Wales, electric utilities, Scottish Natural Heritage, and the National Wind Power Association are reported. The scoping of key species groups, where cumulative effects might be expected, consideration of other developments, the significance of any adverse effects, mitigation, regional capacity assessments, and predictive models are discussed. Topics considered at two stakeholder workshops are outlined in the appendices.

Higher order cumulants in colorless partonic plasma

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Cherif, S. [Sciences and Technologies Department, University of Ghardaia, Ghardaia, Algiers (Algeria); Laboratoire de Physique et de Mathématiques Appliquées (LPMA), ENS-Kouba (Bachir El-Ibrahimi), Algiers (Algeria); Ahmed, M. A. A. [Department of Physics, College of Science, Taibah University Al-Madinah Al-Mounawwarah KSA (Saudi Arabia); Department of Physics, Taiz University in Turba, Taiz (Yemen); Laboratoire de Physique et de Mathématiques Appliquées (LPMA), ENS-Kouba (Bachir El-Ibrahimi), Algiers (Algeria); Ladrem, M., E-mail: mladrem@yahoo.fr [Department of Physics, College of Science, Taibah University Al-Madinah Al-Mounawwarah KSA (Saudi Arabia); Laboratoire de Physique et de Mathématiques Appliquées (LPMA), ENS-Kouba (Bachir El-Ibrahimi), Algiers (Algeria)

2016-06-10

Any physical system considered to study the QCD deconfinement phase transition certainly has a finite volume, so the finite size effects are inevitably present. This renders the location of the phase transition and the determination of its order as an extremely difficult task, even in the simplest known cases. In order to identify and locate the colorless QCD deconfinement transition point in finite volume T{sub 0}(V), a new approach based on the finite-size cumulant expansion of the order parameter and the ℒ{sub m,n}-Method is used. We have shown that both cumulants of higher order and their ratios, associated to the thermodynamical fluctuations of the order parameter, in QCD deconfinement phase transition behave in a particular enough way revealing pronounced oscillations in the transition region. The sign structure and the oscillatory behavior of these in the vicinity of the deconfinement phase transition point might be a sensitive probe and may allow one to elucidate their relation to the QCD phase transition point. In the context of our model, we have shown that the finite volume transition point is always associated to the appearance of a particular point in whole higher order cumulants under consideration.

Cumulative effects of forest management activities: how might they occur?

Science.gov (United States)

R. M. Rice; R. B. Thomas

1985-01-01

Concerns are often voiced about possible environmental damage as the result of the cumulative sedimentation effects of logging and forest road construction. In response to these concerns, National Forests are developing procedures to reduce the possibility that their activities may lead to unacceptable cumulative effects

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: Psidium guajava [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term Psidium guajava 名詞 一般 * * * * グアバ... グアバ グアバ Thesaurus2015 200906092188751413 C LS06/LS72 UNKNOWN_2 Psidium guajava

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: Pholiota nameko [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term Pholiota nameko 名詞 一般 * * * * ナメコ... ナメコ ナメコ Thesaurus2015 200906024797628029 C LS07/LS72 UNKNOWN_2 Pholiota nameko

Application of Higher-Order Cumulant in Fault Diagnosis of Rolling Bearing

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Shen, Yongjun; Yang, Shaopu; Wang, Junfeng

2013-01-01

In this paper a new method of pattern recognition based on higher-order cumulant and envelope analysis is presented. The core of this new method is to construct analytical signals from the given signals and obtain the envelope signals firstly, then compute and compare the higher-order cumulants of the envelope signals. The higher-order cumulants could be used as a characteristic quantity to distinguish these given signals. As an example, this method is applied in fault diagnosis for 197726 rolling bearing of freight locomotive. The comparisons of the second-order, third-order and fourth-order cumulants of the envelope signals from different vibration signals of rolling bearing show this new method could discriminate the normal and two fault signals distinctly

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: Dioscorea [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term Dioscorea 名詞 一般 * * * * ヤマノイモ属 ヤマノイモゾク ヤマノイモゾク Thesaurus2015 200906086875099262 C LS06 UNKNOWN_1 Dioscorea

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: Lamb波 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term Lamb波 名詞 一般 * * * * Ｌａｍｂ波 Ｌａｍｂハ エルエイエムビーハ Thesaurus2015 200906066191602592 C PA04 UNKNOWN_2 Lamb 波

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: Rickettsia [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term Rickettsia 名詞 一般 * * * * リケッチア属 リケッチアゾク リケッチアゾク Thesaurus2015 200906036464977172 C LS07 UNKNOWN_1 Rickettsia

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: Actinomycetales [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term Actinomycetales 名詞 一般 * * * * 放線菌...目 ホウセンキンモク ホーセンキンモク Thesaurus2015 200906062452009368 C LS07 UNKNOWN_1 Actinomycetales

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: Juniperus [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term Juniperus 名詞 一般 * * * * ビャクシン属 ビャクシンゾク ビャクシンゾク Thesaurus2015 200906015282514781 C LS06 UNKNOWN_1 Juniperus

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: EDI [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term EDI 名詞 一般 * * * * ＥＤＩ【情報交換】 ＥＤＩ イーディーアイ Thesaurus2015 200906091295492920 C EG01 UNKNOWN_1 EDI

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: HCC [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term HCC 名詞 一般 * * * * 肝細胞癌 カンサイボウガン カンサイボーガン Thesaurus2015 200906030566328014 C LS51 UNKNOWN_1 HCC

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: Arctoscopus japonicus [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term Arctoscopus japonicus 名詞 一般 * * *... * ハタハタ ハタハタ ハタハタ Thesaurus2015 200906005405770421 C LS05 UNKNOWN_2 Arctoscopus japonicus

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: Ammodytes personatus [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term Ammodytes personatus 名詞 一般 * * * ...* イカナゴ イカナゴ イカナゴ Thesaurus2015 200906078742806753 C LS05 UNKNOWN_2 Ammodytes personatus

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: Wasabia japonica [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term Wasabia japonica 名詞 一般 * * * * ワサ...ビ ワサビ ワサビ Thesaurus2015 200906097830728309 C LS06/LS72 UNKNOWN_2 Wasabia japonica

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: Sardinops melanostictus [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term Sardinops melanostictus 名詞 一般 * *... * * マイワシ マイワシ マイワシ Thesaurus2015 200906029174264192 C LS05 UNKNOWN_2 Sardinops melanostictus

Elaboration of a concept for the cumulative environmental exposure assessment of biocides

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Gross, Rita; Bunke, Dirk; Moch, Katja [Oeko-Institut e.V. - Institut fuer Angewandte Oekologie e.V., Freiburg im Breisgau (Germany); Gartiser, Stefan [Hydrotox GmbH, Freiburg im Breisgau (Germany)

2011-12-15

Article 10(1) of the EU Biocidal Products Directive 98/8/EC (BPD) requires that for the inclusion of an active substance in Annex I, Annex IA or IB, cumulation effects from the use of biocidal products containing the same active substance shall be taken into account, where relevant. The study proves the feasibility of a technical realisation of Article 10(1) of the BPD and elaborates a first concept for the cumulative environmental exposure assessment of biocides. Existing requirements concerning cumulative assessments in other regulatory frameworks have been evaluated and their applicability for biocides has been examined. Technical terms and definitions used in this context were documented with the aim to harmonise terminology with other frameworks and to set up a precise definition within the BPD. Furthermore, application conditions of biocidal products have been analysed to find out for which cumulative exposure assessments may be relevant. Different parameters were identified which might serve as indicators for the relevance of cumulative exposure assessments. These indicators were then integrated in a flow chart by means of which the relevance of cumulative exposure assessments can be checked. Finally, proposals for the technical performance of cumulative exposure assessments within the Review Programme have been elaborated with the aim to bring the results of the project into the upcoming development and harmonization processes on EU level. (orig.)

Cumulative carbon as a policy framework for achieving climate stabilization

Science.gov (United States)

Matthews, H. Damon; Solomon, Susan; Pierrehumbert, Raymond

2012-01-01

The primary objective of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change is to stabilize greenhouse gas concentrations at a level that will avoid dangerous climate impacts. However, greenhouse gas concentration stabilization is an awkward framework within which to assess dangerous climate change on account of the significant lag between a given concentration level and the eventual equilibrium temperature change. By contrast, recent research has shown that global temperature change can be well described by a given cumulative carbon emissions budget. Here, we propose that cumulative carbon emissions represent an alternative framework that is applicable both as a tool for climate mitigation as well as for the assessment of potential climate impacts. We show first that both atmospheric CO2 concentration at a given year and the associated temperature change are generally associated with a unique cumulative carbon emissions budget that is largely independent of the emissions scenario. The rate of global temperature change can therefore be related to first order to the rate of increase of cumulative carbon emissions. However, transient warming over the next century will also be strongly affected by emissions of shorter lived forcing agents such as aerosols and methane. Non-CO2 emissions therefore contribute to uncertainty in the cumulative carbon budget associated with near-term temperature targets, and may suggest the need for a mitigation approach that considers separately short- and long-lived gas emissions. By contrast, long-term temperature change remains primarily associated with total cumulative carbon emissions owing to the much longer atmospheric residence time of CO2 relative to other major climate forcing agents. PMID:22869803

Cumulative keyboard strokes: a possible risk factor for carpal tunnel syndrome

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Eleftheriou Andreas

2012-08-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background Contradictory reports have been published regarding the association of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTS and the use of computer keyboard. Previous studies did not take into account the cumulative exposure to keyboard strokes among computer workers. The aim of the present study was to investigate the association between cumulative keyboard use (keyboard strokes and CTS. Methods Employees (461 from a Governmental data entry & processing unit agreed to participate (response rate: 84.1 % in a cross-sectional study. Α questionnaire was distributed to the participants to obtain information on socio-demographics and risk factors for CTS. The participants were examined for signs and symptoms related to CTS and were asked if they had previous history or surgery for CTS. The cumulative amount of the keyboard strokes per worker per year was calculated by the use of payroll’s registry. Two case definitions for CTS were used. The first included subjects with personal history/surgery for CTS while the second included subjects that belonged to the first case definition plus those participants were identified through clinical examination. Results Multivariate analysis used for both case definitions, indicated that those employees with high cumulative exposure to keyboard strokes were at increased risk of CTS (case definition A: OR = 2.23;95 % CI = 1.09-4.52 and case definition B: OR = 2.41; 95%CI = 1.36-4.25. A dose response pattern between cumulative exposure to keyboard strokes and CTS has been revealed (p  Conclusions The present study indicated a possible association between cumulative exposure to keyboard strokes and development of CTS. Cumulative exposure to key-board strokes would be taken into account as an exposure indicator regarding exposure assessment of computer workers. Further research is needed in order to test the results of the current study and assess causality between cumulative keyboard strokes and

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: Yersinia pseudotuberculosis [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term Yersinia pseudotuberculosis 名詞 一般...シーユーエルオーエスアイエス Thesaurus2015 200906011755952514 C LS07 UNKNOWN_2 Yersinia pseudotuberculosis

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: Carica papaya [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term Carica papaya 名詞 一般 * * * * パパイヤ ...パパイヤ パパイヤ Thesaurus2015 200906054153056489 C LS06/LS72 UNKNOWN_2 Carica papaya

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: 人間学 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 人間学 名詞 一般 * * * * 人類学 ジンルイガク ジンルイガク Thesaurus2015 200906015889425150 V LS01 MULTI_WORD 人間 学

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: 人類学 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 人類学 名詞 一般 * * * * 人類学 ジンルイガク ジンルイガク Thesaurus2015 200906015889425150 C LS01 MULTI_WORD 人類 学

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: Sorghum vulgare [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term Sorghum vulgare 名詞 一般 * * * * モロコ...シ モロコシ モロコシ Thesaurus2015 200906063836088318 C LS06/LS72 UNKNOWN_2 Sorghum vulgare

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: Sorghum bicolor [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term Sorghum bicolor 名詞 一般 * * * * モロコ...シ モロコシ モロコシ Thesaurus2015 200906063836088318 C LS06/LS72 UNKNOWN_2 Sorghum bicolor

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: Phleum pratense [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term Phleum pratense 名詞 一般 * * * * チモシ...ー チモシー チモシー Thesaurus2015 200906088416431516 C LS06/LS66 UNKNOWN_2 Phleum pratense

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: TOCSY [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term TOCSY 名詞 一般 * * * * ＴＯＣＳＹ ＴＯＣＳＹ ティーオーシーエスワイ Thesaurus2015 200906069465460250 C PA09 UNKNOWN_1 TOCSY

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: Md [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term Md 名詞 一般 * * * * メンデレビウム メンデレビウム メンデレビューム Thesaurus2015 200906022783221535 C CA03 UNKNOWN_1 Md

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: SQL [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term SQL 名詞 一般 * * * * ＳＱＬ【ソフトウェア】 ＳＱＬ エスキューエル Thesaurus2015 200906011326277027 C EG01 UNKNOWN_1 SQL

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: Olethreutidae [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term Olethreutidae 名詞 一般 * * * * ヒメハマキ...ガ科 ヒメハマキガカ ヒメハマキガカ Thesaurus2015 200906097615101931 C LS05 UNKNOWN_1 Olethreutidae

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: DOS [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term DOS 名詞 一般 * * * * ＤＯＳ【ソフトウェア】 ＤＯＳ ディーオーエス Thesaurus2015 200906056755783260 C EG01 UNKNOWN_1 DOS

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: Luteovirus [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term Luteovirus 名詞 一般 * * * * ルテオウイルス ...ルテオウイルス ルテオーイルス Thesaurus2015 200906020714605876 C LS07 UNKNOWN_1 Luteovirus

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: Tospovirus [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term Tospovirus 名詞 一般 * * * * トスポウイルス ...トスポウイルス トスポーイルス Thesaurus2015 200906016489276984 C LS07 UNKNOWN_1 Tospovirus

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: Carmovirus [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term Carmovirus 名詞 一般 * * * * カーモウイルス ...カーモウイルス カーモーイルス Thesaurus2015 200906036474005080 C LS07 UNKNOWN_1 Carmovirus

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: Bromovirus [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term Bromovirus 名詞 一般 * * * * ブロモウイルス ...ブロモウイルス ブロモーイルス Thesaurus2015 200906099702977994 C LS07 UNKNOWN_1 Bromovirus

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: Caulimovirus [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term Caulimovirus 名詞 一般 * * * * カリモウイル...ス カリモウイルス カリモーイルス Thesaurus2015 200906019849883398 C LS07 UNKNOWN_1 Caulimovirus

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: Tobamovirus [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term Tobamovirus 名詞 一般 * * * * タバモウイルス... タバモウイルス タバモーイルス Thesaurus2015 200906022988447595 C LS07 UNKNOWN_1 Tobamovirus

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: Cucumovirus [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term Cucumovirus 名詞 一般 * * * * ククモウイルス... ククモウイルス ククモーイルス Thesaurus2015 200906087317830275 C LS07 UNKNOWN_1 Cucumovirus

Cumulative effective dose associated with radiography and CT of adolescents with spinal injuries.

Science.gov (United States)

Lemburg, Stefan P; Peters, Soeren A; Roggenland, Daniela; Nicolas, Volkmar; Heyer, Christoph M

2010-12-01

The purpose of this study was to analyze the quantity and distribution of cumulative effective doses in diagnostic imaging of adolescents with spinal injuries. At a level 1 trauma center from July 2003 through June 2009, imaging procedures during initial evaluation and hospitalization and after discharge of all patients 10-20 years old with spinal fractures were retrospectively analyzed. The cumulative effective doses for all imaging studies were calculated, and the doses to patients with spinal injuries who had multiple traumatic injuries were compared with the doses to patients with spinal injuries but without multiple injuries. The significance level was set at 5%. Imaging studies of 72 patients (32 with multiple injuries; average age, 17.5 years) entailed a median cumulative effective dose of 18.89 mSv. Patients with multiple injuries had a significantly higher total cumulative effective dose (29.70 versus 10.86 mSv, p cumulative effective dose to multiple injury patients during the initial evaluation (18.39 versus 2.83 mSv, p cumulative effective dose. Adolescents with spinal injuries receive a cumulative effective dose equal to that of adult trauma patients and nearly three times that of pediatric trauma patients. Areas of focus in lowering cumulative effective dose should be appropriate initial estimation of trauma severity and careful selection of CT scan parameters.

Evolution of costly explicit memory and cumulative culture.

Science.gov (United States)

Nakamaru, Mayuko

2016-06-21

Humans can acquire new information and modify it (cumulative culture) based on their learning and memory abilities, especially explicit memory, through the processes of encoding, consolidation, storage, and retrieval. Explicit memory is categorized into semantic and episodic memories. Animals have semantic memory, while episodic memory is unique to humans and essential for innovation and the evolution of culture. As both episodic and semantic memory are needed for innovation, the evolution of explicit memory influences the evolution of culture. However, previous theoretical studies have shown that environmental fluctuations influence the evolution of imitation (social learning) and innovation (individual learning) and assume that memory is not an evolutionary trait. If individuals can store and retrieve acquired information properly, they can modify it and innovate new information. Therefore, being able to store and retrieve information is essential from the perspective of cultural evolution. However, if both storage and retrieval were too costly, forgetting and relearning would have an advantage over storing and retrieving acquired information. In this study, using mathematical analysis and individual-based simulations, we investigate whether cumulative culture can promote the coevolution of costly memory and social and individual learning, assuming that cumulative culture improves the fitness of each individual. The conclusions are: (1) without cumulative culture, a social learning cost is essential for the evolution of storage-retrieval. Costly storage-retrieval can evolve with individual learning but costly social learning does not evolve. When low-cost social learning evolves, the repetition of forgetting and learning is favored more than the evolution of costly storage-retrieval, even though a cultural trait improves the fitness. (2) When cumulative culture exists and improves fitness, storage-retrieval can evolve with social and/or individual learning, which

CUMULATE ROCKS ASSOCIATED WITH CARBONATE ASSIMILATION, HORTAVÆR COMPLEX, NORTH-CENTRAL NORWAY

Science.gov (United States)

Barnes, C. G.; Prestvik, T.; Li, Y.

2009-12-01

The Hortavær igneous complex intruded high-grade metamorphic rocks of the Caledonian Helgeland Nappe Complex at ca. 466 Ma. The complex is an unusual mafic-silicic layered intrusion (MASLI) because the principal felsic rock type is syenite and because the syenite formed in situ rather than by deep-seated partial melting of crustal rocks. Magma differentiation in the complex was by assimilation, primarily of calc-silicate rocks and melts with contributions from marble and semi-pelites, plus fractional crystallization. The effect of assimilation of calcite-rich rocks was to enhance stability of fassaitic clinopyroxene at the expense of olivine, which resulted in alkali-rich residual melts and lowering of silica activity. This combination of MASLI-style emplacement and carbonate assimilation produced three types of cumulate rocks: (1) Syenitic cumulates formed by liquid-crystal separation. As sheets of mafic magma were loaded on crystal-rich syenitic magma, residual liquid was expelled, penetrating the overlying mafic sheets in flame structures, and leaving a cumulate syenite. (2) Reaction cumulates. Carbonate assimilation, illustrated by a simple assimilation reaction: olivine + calcite + melt = clinopyroxene + CO2 resulted in cpx-rich cumulates such as clinopyroxenite, gabbro, and mela-monzodiorite, many of which contain igneous calcite. (3) Magmatic skarns. Calc-silicate host rocks underwent partial melting during assimilation, yielding a Ca-rich melt as the principal assimilated material and permitting extensive reaction with surrounding magma to form Kspar + cpx + garnet-rich ‘cumulate’ rocks. Cumulate types (2) and (3) do not reflect traditional views of cumulate rocks but instead result from a series of melt-present discontinuous (peritectic) reactions and partial melting of calc-silicate xenoliths. In the Hortavær complex, such cumulates are evident because of the distinctive peritectic cumulate assemblages. It is unclear whether assimilation of �

EPA Workshop on Epigenetics and Cumulative Risk ...

Science.gov (United States)

Agenda Download the Workshop Agenda (PDF) The workshop included presentations and discussions by scientific experts pertaining to three topics (i.e., epigenetic changes associated with diverse stressors, key science considerations in understanding epigenetic changes, and practical application of epigenetic tools to address cumulative risks from environmental stressors), to address several questions under each topic, and included an opportunity for attendees to participate in break-out groups, provide comments and ask questions. Workshop Goals The workshop seeks to examine the opportunity for use of aggregate epigenetic change as an indicator in cumulative risk assessment for populations exposed to multiple stressors that affect epigenetic status. Epigenetic changes are specific molecular changes around DNA that alter expression of genes. Epigenetic changes include DNA methylation, formation of histone adducts, and changes in micro RNAs. Research today indicates that epigenetic changes are involved in many chronic diseases (cancer, cardiovascular disease, obesity, diabetes, mental health disorders, and asthma). Research has also linked a wide range of stressors including pollution and social factors with occurrence of epigenetic alterations. Epigenetic changes have the potential to reflect impacts of risk factors across multiple stages of life. Only recently receiving attention is the nexus between the factors of cumulative exposure to environmental

Thesaurus maintenance, alignment and publication as linked data: the AGROVOC use case

OpenAIRE

Caracciolo, Caterina; Stellato, Armando; Rajbahndari, Sachit; Morshed, Ahsan; Johannsen, Gudrun; Jaques, Yves; Keizer, Johannes

2012-01-01

The AGROVOC multilingual thesaurus maintained by the Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) of the United Nations is now published as linked data. In order to reach this goal AGROVOC was expressed in Simple Knowledge Organisation System (SKOS) and its concepts provided with dereferenceable URIs. AGROVOC is now aligned with ten other multilingual Knowledge Organisation Systems (KOS) related to agriculture, using the SKOS properties exact match and close match. Alignments were a...

Hyperscaling breakdown and Ising spin glasses: The Binder cumulant

Science.gov (United States)

Lundow, P. H.; Campbell, I. A.

2018-02-01

Among the Renormalization Group Theory scaling rules relating critical exponents, there are hyperscaling rules involving the dimension of the system. It is well known that in Ising models hyperscaling breaks down above the upper critical dimension. It was shown by Schwartz (1991) that the standard Josephson hyperscaling rule can also break down in Ising systems with quenched random interactions. A related Renormalization Group Theory hyperscaling rule links the critical exponents for the normalized Binder cumulant and the correlation length in the thermodynamic limit. An appropriate scaling approach for analyzing measurements from criticality to infinite temperature is first outlined. Numerical data on the scaling of the normalized correlation length and the normalized Binder cumulant are shown for the canonical Ising ferromagnet model in dimension three where hyperscaling holds, for the Ising ferromagnet in dimension five (so above the upper critical dimension) where hyperscaling breaks down, and then for Ising spin glass models in dimension three where the quenched interactions are random. For the Ising spin glasses there is a breakdown of the normalized Binder cumulant hyperscaling relation in the thermodynamic limit regime, with a return to size independent Binder cumulant values in the finite-size scaling regime around the critical region.

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term Mycobacterium tuberculosis 名詞 一般 * * * * 結核...菌 ケッカクキン ケッカクキン Thesaurus2015 200906007893342100 C LS07 UNKNOWN_2 Mycobacterium tuberculosis

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: 湖水 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

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Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 湖水 名詞 一般 * * * * 湖沼水 コショウスイ コショースイ Thesaurus2015 200906044508138486 V IA09 名詞 湖水

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: 自閉 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

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Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 自閉 名詞 一般 * * * * 自閉症 ジヘイショウ ジヘイショー Thesaurus2015 200906044868102156 V LS51 UNKNOWN_2 自 閉

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: Sinapis alba [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

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Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term Sinapis alba 名詞 一般 * * * * シロガラシ シロガラシ シロガラシ Thesaurus2015 200906047820832585 C LS06 UNKNOWN_2 Sinapis alba

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: 竜巻 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

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Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 竜巻 名詞 一般 * * * * トルネード トルネード トルネード Thesaurus2015 200906061029359976 V GC19 名詞 竜巻

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: 副成 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 副成 名詞 一般 * * * * 副産物 フクサンブツ フクサンブツ Thesaurus2015 200906003406272686 V IA09 MULTI_WORD 副 成

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: 副産 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 副産 名詞 一般 * * * * 副産物 フクサンブツ フクサンブツ Thesaurus2015 200906003406272686 V IA09 MULTI_WORD 副 産

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: 代数 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 代数 名詞 一般 * * * * 代数学 ダイスウガク ダイスーガク Thesaurus2015 200906069290355962 V PB01 名詞 代数

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: Rana catesbeiana [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term Rana catesbeiana 名詞 一般 * * * * ウシ...ガエル ウシガエル ウシガエル Thesaurus2015 200906051181134488 C LS05 UNKNOWN_2 Rana catesbeiana

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: 浮秤 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 浮秤 名詞 一般 * * * * 比重計 ヒジュウケイ ヒジューケイ Thesaurus2015 200906048215457981 V PA01 UNKNOWN_1 浮秤

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: Spirulina platensis [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term Spirulina platensis 名詞 一般 * * * *... スピルリナ スピルリナ スピルリナ Thesaurus2015 200906003891090957 C LS06 UNKNOWN_2 Spirulina platensis

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: Arthrospira platensis [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term Arthrospira platensis 名詞 一般 * * *... * スピルリナ スピルリナ スピルリナ Thesaurus2015 200906003891090957 C LS06 UNKNOWN_2 Arthrospira platensis

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: Bubalus bubalis [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term Bubalus bubalis 名詞 一般 * * * * スイギ...ュウ スイギュウ スイギュー Thesaurus2015 200906003963560058 C LS05 UNKNOWN_2 Bubalus bubalis

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: Bacillus stearothermophilus [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term Bacillus stearothermophilus 名詞 一般...ムオーピーエイチアイエルユーエス Thesaurus2015 200906079736943583 C LS07 UNKNOWN_2 Bacillus stearothermophilus

Summary report of a workshop on establishing cumulative effects thresholds : a suggested approach for establishing cumulative effects thresholds in a Yukon context

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

2003-01-01

Increasingly, thresholds are being used as a land and cumulative effects assessment and management tool. To assist in the management of wildlife species such as woodland caribou, the Department of Indian and Northern Affairs (DIAND) Environment Directorate, Yukon sponsored a workshop to develop and use cumulative thresholds in the Yukon. The approximately 30 participants reviewed recent initiatives in the Yukon and other jurisdictions. The workshop is expected to help formulate a strategic vision for implementing cumulative effects thresholds in the Yukon. The key to success resides in building relationships with Umbrella Final Agreement (UFA) Boards, the Development Assessment Process (DAP), and the Yukon Environmental and Socio-Economic Assessment Act (YESAA). Broad support is required within an integrated resource management framework. The workshop featured discussions on current science and theory of cumulative effects thresholds. Potential data and implementation issues were also discussed. It was concluded that thresholds are useful and scientifically defensible. The threshold research results obtained in Alberta, British Columbia and the Northwest Territories are applicable to the Yukon. One of the best tools for establishing and tracking thresholds is habitat effectiveness. Effects must be monitored and tracked. Biologists must share their information with decision makers. Interagency coordination and assistance should be facilitated through the establishment of working groups. Regional land use plans should include thresholds. 7 refs.

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: PT [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term PT 名詞 一般 * * * * 理学療法士 リガクリョウホウシ リガクリョーホウシ Thesaurus2015 200906076711637381 C LS52 UNKNOWN_1 PT

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: XRD [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term XRD 名詞 一般 * * * * Ｘ線回折 Ｘセンカイセツ エックスセンカイセツ Thesaurus2015 200906089250080619 C PA11/PA08 UNKNOWN_1 XRD

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: Petroselinum [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term Petroselinum 名詞 一般 * * * * オランダゼリ...属 オランダゼリゾク オランダゼリゾク Thesaurus2015 200906003841666785 C LS06 UNKNOWN_1 Petroselinum

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: Cotugno病 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term Cotugno病 名詞 一般 * * * * 坐骨神経痛 ザコツシンケイツウ ザコツシンケイツー Thesaurus2015 200906039063653675 C LS51 UNKNOWN_2 Cotugno 病

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: Biot数 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term Biot数 名詞 一般 * * * * Ｂｉｏｔ数 Ｂｉｏｔスウ ビーアイオーティースー Thesaurus2015 200906093595053620 C PB01 UNKNOWN_2 Biot 数

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: Clavisipitales [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term Clavisipitales 名詞 一般 * * * * バッカク...キン目 バッカクキンモク バッカクキンモク Thesaurus2015 200906076428519933 C LS07 UNKNOWN_1 Clavisipitales

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: Endomycetales [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term Endomycetales 名詞 一般 * * * * エンドミケ...ス目 エンドミケスモク エンドミケスモク Thesaurus2015 200906069133337497 C LS07 UNKNOWN_1 Endomycetales

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: Cyperus [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term Cyperus 名詞 一般 * * * * カヤツリグサ属 カヤツリグサゾク カヤツリグサゾク Thesaurus2015 200906054906000899 C LS06 UNKNOWN_1 Cyperus

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: Tombusvirus [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term Tombusvirus 名詞 一般 * * * * トンブスウイル...ス トンブスウイルス トンブスーイルス Thesaurus2015 200906070637893909 C LS07 UNKNOWN_1 Tombusvirus

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: Morbillivirus [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term Morbillivirus 名詞 一般 * * * * モルビリウ...イルス モルビリウイルス モルビリウイルス Thesaurus2015 200906067225723382 C LS07 UNKNOWN_1 Morbillivirus

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: GHG [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term GHG 名詞 一般 * * * * 温室効果ガス オンシツコウカガス オンシツコーカガス Thesaurus2015 200906034745287750 C KA01 UNKNOWN_1 GHG

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: Meloidogyne [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term Meloidogyne 名詞 一般 * * * * ネコブセンチュ...ウ ネコブセンチュウ ネコブセンチュー Thesaurus2015 200906002822195970 C LS05 UNKNOWN_1 Meloidogyne

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: Tetrahymena [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term Tetrahymena 名詞 一般 * * * * テトラヒメナ属... テトラヒメナゾク テトラヒメナゾク Thesaurus2015 200906089871776382 C LS07 UNKNOWN_1 Tetrahymena

The Unified Astronomy Thesaurus: Semantic Metadata for Astronomy and Astrophysics

Science.gov (United States)

Frey, Katie; Accomazzi, Alberto

2018-05-01

Several controlled vocabularies have been developed and used by the astronomical community, each designed to serve a specific need and a specific group. The Unified Astronomy Thesaurus (UAT) attempts to provide a highly structured controlled vocabulary that will be relevant and useful across the entire discipline, regardless of content or platform. Because classifying articles and data will be the two major functions of the UAT, we examine the UAT in comparison with the Astronomical Subject Keywords used by major publications and the JWST Science Keywords used by STScI’s Astronomer’s Proposal Tool.

Mismatch or cumulative stress : Toward an integrated hypothesis of programming effects

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Nederhof, Esther; Schmidt, Mathias V.

2012-01-01

This paper integrates the cumulative stress hypothesis with the mismatch hypothesis, taking into account individual differences in sensitivity to programming. According to the cumulative stress hypothesis, individuals are more likely to suffer from disease as adversity accumulates. According to the

Finite-volume cumulant expansion in QCD-colorless plasma

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ladrem, M. [Taibah University, Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Madinah, Al-Munawwarah (Saudi Arabia); Physics Department, Algiers (Algeria); ENS-Vieux Kouba (Bachir El-Ibrahimi), Laboratoire de Physique et de Mathematiques Appliquees (LPMA), Algiers (Algeria); Ahmed, M.A.A. [Taibah University, Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Madinah, Al-Munawwarah (Saudi Arabia); ENS-Vieux Kouba (Bachir El-Ibrahimi), Laboratoire de Physique et de Mathematiques Appliquees (LPMA), Algiers (Algeria); Taiz University in Turba, Physics Department, Taiz (Yemen); Alfull, Z.Z. [Taibah University, Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Madinah, Al-Munawwarah (Saudi Arabia); Cherif, S. [ENS-Vieux Kouba (Bachir El-Ibrahimi), Laboratoire de Physique et de Mathematiques Appliquees (LPMA), Algiers (Algeria); Ghardaia University, Sciences and Technologies Department, Ghardaia (Algeria)

2015-09-15

Due to the finite-size effects, the localization of the phase transition in finite systems and the determination of its order, become an extremely difficult task, even in the simplest known cases. In order to identify and locate the finite-volume transition point T{sub 0}(V) of the QCD deconfinement phase transition to a colorless QGP, we have developed a new approach using the finite-size cumulant expansion of the order parameter and the L{sub mn}-method. The first six cumulants C{sub 1,2,3,4,5,6} with the corresponding under-normalized ratios (skewness Σ, kurtosis κ, pentosis Π{sub ±}, and hexosis H{sub 1,2,3}) and three unnormalized combinations of them, (O = σ{sup 2}κΣ{sup -1},U = σ{sup -2}Σ{sup -1},N = σ{sup 2}κ) are calculated and studied as functions of (T, V). A new approach, unifying in a clear and consistent way the definitions of cumulant ratios, is proposed.Anumerical FSS analysis of the obtained results has allowed us to locate accurately the finite-volume transition point. The extracted transition temperature value T{sub 0}(V) agrees with that expected T{sub 0}{sup N}(V) from the order parameter and the thermal susceptibility χ{sub T} (T, V), according to the standard procedure of localization to within about 2%. In addition to this, a very good correlation factor is obtained proving the validity of our cumulants method. The agreement of our results with those obtained by means of other models is remarkable. (orig.)

Cumulative emission budgets and their implications: the case for SAFE carbon

Science.gov (United States)

Allen, Myles; Bowerman, Niel; Frame, David; Mason, Charles

2010-05-01

The risk of dangerous long-term climate change due to anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions is predominantly determined by cumulative emissions over all time, not the rate of emission in any given year or commitment period. This has profound implications for climate mitigation policy: emission targets for specific years such as 2020 or 2050 provide no guarantee of meeting any overall cumulative emission budget. By focusing attention on short-term measures to reduce the flow of emissions, they may even exacerbate the overall long-term stock. Here we consider how climate policies might be designed explicitly to limit cumulative emissions to, for example, one trillion tonnes of carbon, a figure that has been estimated to give a most likely warming of two degrees above pre-industrial, with a likely range of 1.6-2.6 degrees. Three approaches are considered: tradable emission permits with the possibility of indefinite emission banking, carbon taxes explicitly linked to cumulative emissions and mandatory carbon sequestration. Framing mitigation policy around cumulative targets alleviates the apparent tension between climate protection and short-term consumption that bedevils any attempt to forge global agreement. We argue that the simplest and hence potentially the most effective approach might be a mandatory requirement on the fossil fuel industry to ensure that a steadily increasing fraction of fossil carbon extracted from the ground is artificially removed from the active carbon cycle through some form of sequestration. We define Sequestered Adequate Fraction of Extracted (SAFE) carbon as a source in which this sequestered fraction is anchored to cumulative emissions, increasing smoothly to reach 100% before we release the trillionth tonne. While adopting the use of SAFE carbon would increase the cost of fossil energy much as a system of emission permits or carbon taxes would, it could do so with much less explicit government intervention. We contrast this proposal

Complexity and demographic explanations of cumulative culture.

Science.gov (United States)

Querbes, Adrien; Vaesen, Krist; Houkes, Wybo

2014-01-01

Formal models have linked prehistoric and historical instances of technological change (e.g., the Upper Paleolithic transition, cultural loss in Holocene Tasmania, scientific progress since the late nineteenth century) to demographic change. According to these models, cumulation of technological complexity is inhibited by decreasing--while favoured by increasing--population levels. Here we show that these findings are contingent on how complexity is defined: demography plays a much more limited role in sustaining cumulative culture in case formal models deploy Herbert Simon's definition of complexity rather than the particular definitions of complexity hitherto assumed. Given that currently available empirical evidence doesn't afford discriminating proper from improper definitions of complexity, our robustness analyses put into question the force of recent demographic explanations of particular episodes of cultural change.

Sharing a quota on cumulative carbon emissions

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Raupach, Michael R.; Davis, Steven J.; Peters, Glen P.; Andrew, Robbie M.; Canadell, Josep G.; Ciais, Philippe

2014-01-01

Any limit on future global warming is associated with a quota on cumulative global CO 2 emissions. We translate this global carbon quota to regional and national scales, on a spectrum of sharing principles that extends from continuation of the present distribution of emissions to an equal per-capita distribution of cumulative emissions. A blend of these endpoints emerges as the most viable option. For a carbon quota consistent with a 2 C warming limit (relative to pre-industrial levels), the necessary long-term mitigation rates are very challenging (typically over 5% per year), both because of strong limits on future emissions from the global carbon quota and also the likely short-term persistence in emissions growth in many regions. (authors)

Childhood Cumulative Risk and Later Allostatic Load

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Doan, Stacey N; Dich, Nadya; Evans, Gary W

2014-01-01

State, followed for 8 years (between the ages 9 and 17). Poverty- related stress was computed using the cumulative risk approach, assessing stressors across 9 domains, including environmental, psychosocial, and demographic factors. Allostatic load captured a range of physiological responses, including......Objective: The present study investigated the long-term impact of exposure to poverty-related stressors during childhood on allostatic load, an index of physiological dysregulation, and the potential mediating role of substance use. Method: Participants (n = 162) were rural children from New York...... cardiovascular, hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis, sympathetic adrenal medullary system, and metabolic activity. Smoking and alcohol/drug use were tested as mediators of the hypothesized childhood risk-adolescent allostatic load relationship. Results: Cumulative risk exposure at age 9 predicted increases...

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: 算法 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 算法 名詞 一般 * * * * アルゴリズム アルゴリズム アルゴリズム Thesaurus2015 200906048949676101 V BE01 名詞 算法

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: 紅樹 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 紅樹 名詞 一般 * * * * マングローブ マングローブ マングローブ Thesaurus2015 200906014097274042 V LS20 MULTI_WORD 紅 樹

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: 架橋 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 架橋 名詞 サ変接続 * * * * 架橋【高分子】 カキョウ カキョー Thesaurus2015 200906022368496286 C CC20 名詞 架橋

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: 薬味 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 薬味 名詞 一般 * * * * 香辛料 コウシンリョウ コーシンリョー Thesaurus2015 200906038818853584 V LS72 名詞 薬味

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: 通路 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 通路 名詞 一般 * * * * 連絡通路 レンラクツウロ レンラクツーロ Thesaurus2015 200906027949805699 V AC17 名詞 通路

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: Crassostrea virginica [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term Crassostrea virginica 名詞 一般 * * *... * アメリカガキ アメリカガキ アメリカガキ Thesaurus2015 200906044164726189 C LS05 UNKNOWN_2 Crassostrea virginica

Mapping cumulative environmental risks: examples from the EU NoMiracle project

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Pistocchi, A.; Groenwold, J.; Lahr, J.; Loos, M.; Mujica, M.; Ragas, A.M.J.; Rallo, R.; Sala, S.; Schlink, U.; Strebel, K.; Vighi, M.; Vizcaino, P.

2011-01-01

We present examples of cumulative chemical risk mapping methods developed within the NoMiracle project. The different examples illustrate the application of the concentration addition (CA) approach to pesticides at different scale, the integration in space of cumulative risks to individual organisms

Mapping Cumulative Impacts of Human Activities on Marine Ecosystems

OpenAIRE

, Seaplan

2018-01-01

Given the diversity of human uses and natural resources that converge in coastal waters, the potential independent and cumulative impacts of those uses on marine ecosystems are important to consider during ocean planning. This study was designed to support the development and implementation of the 2009 Massachusetts Ocean Management Plan. Its goal was to estimate and visualize the cumulative impacts of human activities on coastal and marine ecosystems in the state and federal waters off of Ma...

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: Enterobacteriaceae [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term Enterobacteriaceae 名詞 一般 * * * * 腸内細菌...科 チョウナイサイキンカ チョーナイサイキンカ Thesaurus2015 200906069155759786 C LS07 UNKNOWN_1 Enterobacteriaceae

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: HY [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term HY 名詞 一般 * * * * ＨＹゼオライト ＨＹゼオライト エイチワイゼオライト Thesaurus2015 200906070203646695 C CA05 MULTI_WORD H Y

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: Cancer [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term Cancer 名詞 一般 * * * * Ｃａｎｃｅｒ Ｃａｎｃｅｒ シーエイエヌシーイーアール Thesaurus2015 200906084373314582 C LS05 UNKNOWN_1 Cancer

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: Tetrahymena属 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term Tetrahymena属 名詞 サ変接続 * * * * テトラヒ...メナ属 テトラヒメナゾク テトラヒメナゾク Thesaurus2015 200906089871776382 C LS07 UNKNOWN_2 Tetrahymena 属

Estimating a population cumulative incidence under calendar time trends

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Hansen, Stefan N; Overgaard, Morten; Andersen, Per K

2017-01-01

BACKGROUND: The risk of a disease or psychiatric disorder is frequently measured by the age-specific cumulative incidence. Cumulative incidence estimates are often derived in cohort studies with individuals recruited over calendar time and with the end of follow-up governed by a specific date...... by calendar time trends, the total sample Kaplan-Meier and Aalen-Johansen estimators do not provide useful estimates of the general risk in the target population. We present some alternatives to this type of analysis. RESULTS: We show how a proportional hazards model may be used to extrapolate disease risk...... estimates if proportionality is a reasonable assumption. If not reasonable, we instead advocate that a more useful description of the disease risk lies in the age-specific cumulative incidence curves across strata given by time of entry or perhaps just the end of follow-up estimates across all strata...

The Relationship between Gender, Cumulative Adversities and ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

The Relationship between Gender, Cumulative Adversities and Mental Health of Employees in ... CAs were measured in three forms (family adversities (CAFam), personal adversities ... Age of employees ranged between 18-65 years.

Cumulation of light nuclei

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Baldin, A.M.; Bondarev, V.K.; Golovanov, L.B.

1977-01-01

Limit fragmentation of light nuclei (deuterium, helium) bombarded with 8,6 GeV/c protons was investigated. Fragments (pions, protons and deuterons) were detected within the emission angle 50-150 deg with regard to primary protons and within the pulse range 150-180 MeV/c. By the kinematics of collision of a primary proton with a target at rest the fragments observed correspond to a target mass upto 3 GeV. Thus, the data obtained correspond to teh cumulation upto the third order

Cumulative Mass and NIOSH Variable Lifting Index Method for Risk Assessment: Possible Relations.

Science.gov (United States)

Stucchi, Giulia; Battevi, Natale; Pandolfi, Monica; Galinotti, Luca; Iodice, Simona; Favero, Chiara

2018-02-01

Objective The aim of this study was to explore whether the Variable Lifting Index (VLI) can be corrected for cumulative mass and thus test its efficacy in predicting the risk of low-back pain (LBP). Background A validation study of the VLI method was published in this journal reporting promising results. Although several studies highlighted a positive correlation between cumulative load and LBP, cumulative mass has never been considered in any of the studies investigating the relationship between manual material handling and LBP. Method Both VLI and cumulative mass were calculated for 2,374 exposed subjects using a systematic approach. Due to high variability of cumulative mass values, a stratification within VLI categories was employed. Dummy variables (1-4) were assigned to each class and used as a multiplier factor for the VLI, resulting in a new index (VLI_CMM). Data on LBP were collected by occupational physicians at the study sites. Logistic regression was used to estimate the risk of acute LBP within levels of risk exposure when compared with a control group formed by 1,028 unexposed subjects. Results Data showed greatly variable values of cumulative mass across all VLI classes. The potential effect of cumulative mass on damage emerged as not significant ( p value = .6526). Conclusion When comparing VLI_CMM with raw VLI, the former failed to prove itself as a better predictor of LBP risk. Application To recognize cumulative mass as a modifier, especially for lumbar degenerative spine diseases, authors of future studies should investigate potential association between the VLI and other damage variables.

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: 調理室 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 調理室 名詞 一般 * * * * 厨房 チュウボウ チューボー Thesaurus2015 200906042389586847 V AB04 MULTI_WORD 調理 室

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: 注目視 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 注目視 名詞 サ変接続 * * * * 注意 チュウイ チューイ Thesaurus2015 200906082342436636 V BK01 MULTI_WORD 注目 視

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: 再認識 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 再認識 名詞 サ変接続 * * * * 再認 サイニン サイニン Thesaurus2015 200906025801593347 V IC01 MULTI_WORD 再 認識

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: 密林熱 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 密林熱 名詞 一般 * * * * マラリア マラリア マラリア Thesaurus2015 200906048301380401 V LS51 MULTI_WORD 密林 熱

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: 臨床歴 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 臨床歴 名詞 一般 * * * * 病歴 ビョウレキ ビョーレキ Thesaurus2015 200906076533614704 V LS52 MULTI_WORD 臨床 歴

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: 既往歴 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 既往歴 名詞 一般 * * * * 病歴 ビョウレキ ビョーレキ Thesaurus2015 200906076533614704 V LS52 MULTI_WORD 既往 歴

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: 診療録 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 診療録 名詞 一般 * * * * 病歴 ビョウレキ ビョーレキ Thesaurus2015 200906076533614704 V LS52 MULTI_WORD 診療 録

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: 罹患歴 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 罹患歴 名詞 一般 * * * * 病歴 ビョウレキ ビョーレキ Thesaurus2015 200906076533614704 V LS52 MULTI_WORD 罹患 歴

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: 軟土壌 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 軟土壌 名詞 一般 * * * * モリソル モリソル モリソル Thesaurus2015 200906037735700372 V LS62 UNKNOWN_2 軟 土壌

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: 鋼製作 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 鋼製作 名詞 サ変接続 * * * * 製鋼 セイコウ セイコー Thesaurus2015 200906074411460576 V GA13 MULTI_WORD 鋼 製作

Session: What do we know about cumulative or population impacts

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kerlinger, Paul; Manville, Al; Kendall, Bill

2004-09-01

This session at the Wind Energy and Birds/Bats workshop consisted of a panel discussion followed by a discussion/question and answer period. The panelists were Paul Kerlinger, Curry and Kerlinger, LLC, Al Manville, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and Bill Kendall, US Geological Service. The panel addressed the potential cumulative impacts of wind turbines on bird and bat populations over time. Panel members gave brief presentations that touched on what is currently known, what laws apply, and the usefulness of population modeling. Topics addressed included which sources of modeling should be included in cumulative impacts, comparison of impacts from different modes of energy generation, as well as what research is still needed regarding cumulative impacts of wind energy development on bird and bat populations.

Evolutionary neural network modeling for software cumulative failure time prediction

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Tian Liang; Noore, Afzel

2005-01-01

An evolutionary neural network modeling approach for software cumulative failure time prediction based on multiple-delayed-input single-output architecture is proposed. Genetic algorithm is used to globally optimize the number of the delayed input neurons and the number of neurons in the hidden layer of the neural network architecture. Modification of Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm with Bayesian regularization is used to improve the ability to predict software cumulative failure time. The performance of our proposed approach has been compared using real-time control and flight dynamic application data sets. Numerical results show that both the goodness-of-fit and the next-step-predictability of our proposed approach have greater accuracy in predicting software cumulative failure time compared to existing approaches

Construction of a thesaurus prototype concerning energy and environment by using the SBIC system; Prototipo di thesaurus per l`energia e l`ambiente tramite il sistema SBIC

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bordoni, L [ENEA,Centro Ricerche Casaccia, Rome (Italy). Funzione Centrale Studi; Anzaldi, C [IAC-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Rome (Italy)

1996-09-01

This paper reports on an experiment performed by IAC-CNR (National Research Council) and ENEA (National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and the Environment) through a cooperation, about automatic thesaurus construction in the energy-environment domain. The experiment has been performed by using the SBIC system. A list of published papers referring to a complete description of this system is presented. The documents base in this project consists of 134 English abstracts furnished by ENEA. An evaluation of the results is also provided.

Cumulative irritation potential of topical retinoid formulations.

Science.gov (United States)

Leyden, James J; Grossman, Rachel; Nighland, Marge

2008-08-01

Localized irritation can limit treatment success with topical retinoids such as tretinoin and adapalene. The factors that influence irritant reactions have been shown to include individual skin sensitivity, the particular retinoid and concentration used, and the vehicle formulation. To compare the cutaneous tolerability of tretinoin 0.04% microsphere gel (TMG) with that of adapalene 0.3% gel and a standard tretinoin 0.025% cream. The results of 2 randomized, investigator-blinded studies of 2 to 3 weeks' duration, which utilized a split-face method to compare cumulative irritation scores induced by topical retinoids in subjects with healthy skin, were combined. Study 1 compared TMG 0.04% with adapalene 0.3% gel over 2 weeks, while study 2 compared TMG 0.04% with tretinoin 0.025% cream over 3 weeks. In study 1, TMG 0.04% was associated with significantly lower cumulative scores for erythema, dryness, and burning/stinging than adapalene 0.3% gel. However, in study 2, there were no significant differences in cumulative irritation scores between TMG 0.04% and tretinoin 0.025% cream. Measurements of erythema by a chromameter showed no significant differences between the test formulations in either study. Cutaneous tolerance of TMG 0.04% on the face was superior to that of adapalene 0.3% gel and similar to that of a standard tretinoin cream containing a lower concentration of the drug (0.025%).

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: Dioscorea japonica [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term Dioscorea japonica 名詞 一般 * * * * ...ヤマノイモ ヤマノイモ ヤマノイモ Thesaurus2015 200906042151087664 C LS06/LS63/LS72 UNKNOWN_2 Dioscorea japonica

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: Catharanthus roseus [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term Catharanthus roseus 名詞 一般 * * * *... ニチニチソウ ニチニチソウ ニチニチソー Thesaurus2015 200906051153800910 C LS06/LS63 UNKNOWN_2 Catharanthus roseus

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: e‐learning [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term e‐learning 名詞 一般 * * * * ｅラーニング ｅ...ラーニング イーラーニング Thesaurus2015 200906043727726486 C EG01 UNKNOWN_2 e ‐ learning

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: measles virus [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term measles virus 名詞 一般 * * * * 麻疹ウイル...ス マシンウイルス マシンウイルス Thesaurus2015 200906067469554060 C LS07 UNKNOWN_2 measles virus

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: PERT理論 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term PERT理論 名詞 一般 * * * * ＰＥＲＴ ＰＥＲＴ ピーイーアールティー Thesaurus2015 200906053258441667 C BI01 UNKNOWN_2 PERT 理論

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: Klebsiella pneumoniae [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term Klebsiella pneumoniae 名詞 一般 * * *... * 肺炎桿菌 ハイエンカンキン ハイエンカンキン Thesaurus2015 200906081834698320 C LS07 UNKNOWN_2 Klebsiella pneumoniae

NASA Astrophysics Technology Needs

Science.gov (United States)

Stahl, H. Philip

2012-01-01

July 2010, NASA Office of Chief Technologist (OCT) initiated an activity to create and maintain a NASA integrated roadmap for 15 key technology areas which recommend an overall technology investment strategy and prioritize NASA?s technology programs to meet NASA?s strategic goals. Science Instruments, Observatories and Sensor Systems(SIOSS) roadmap addresses technology needs to achieve NASA?s highest priority objectives -- not only for the Science Mission Directorate (SMD), but for all of NASA.

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: Cancer属 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term Cancer属 名詞 サ変接続 * * * * Ｃａｎｃｅｒ Ｃａ...ｎｃｅｒ シーエイエヌシーイーアール Thesaurus2015 200906084373314582 C LS05 UNKNOWN_2 Cancer 属

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: caustics法 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term caustics法 名詞 一般 * * * * コーステックス法 ...コーステックスホウ コーステックスホー Thesaurus2015 200906045071311627 C MF04 UNKNOWN_2 caustics 法

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: Closterovirus [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term Closterovirus 名詞 一般 * * * * クロステロ...ウイルス クロステロウイルス クロステローイルス Thesaurus2015 200906029085194784 C LS07 UNKNOWN_1 Closterovirus

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: Alfamovirus [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term Alfamovirus 名詞 一般 * * * * アルファモウイ...ルス アルファモウイルス アルファモーイルス Thesaurus2015 200906075481134460 C LS07 UNKNOWN_1 Alfamovirus

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: Potexviruss [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term Potexviruss 名詞 一般 * * * * ポテックスウイ...ルス ポテックスウイルス ポテックスーイルス Thesaurus2015 200906089730248870 C LS07 UNKNOWN_1 Potexviruss

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: Potexvirus [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term Potexvirus 名詞 一般 * * * * ポテックスウイル...ス ポテックスウイルス ポテックスーイルス Thesaurus2015 200906089730248870 C LS07 UNKNOWN_1 Potexvirus

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: RDB [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term RDB 名詞 一般 * * * * 関係データベース カンケイデータベース カンケイデータベース Thesaurus2015 200906013682150000 C EG01 UNKNOWN_1 RDB

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: UTI [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term UTI 名詞 一般 * * * * 尿路感染症 ニョウロカンセンショウ ニョーロカンセンショー Thesaurus2015 200906091269258227 C LS51 UNKNOWN_1 UTI

Tests of Cumulative Prospect Theory with graphical displays of probability

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Michael H. Birnbaum

2008-10-01

Full Text Available Recent research reported evidence that contradicts cumulative prospect theory and the priority heuristic. The same body of research also violates two editing principles of original prospect theory: cancellation (the principle that people delete any attribute that is the same in both alternatives before deciding between them and combination (the principle that people combine branches leading to the same consequence by adding their probabilities. This study was designed to replicate previous results and to test whether the violations of cumulative prospect theory might be eliminated or reduced by using formats for presentation of risky gambles in which cancellation and combination could be facilitated visually. Contrary to the idea that decision behavior contradicting cumulative prospect theory and the priority heuristic would be altered by use of these formats, however, data with two new graphical formats as well as fresh replication data continued to show the patterns of evidence that violate cumulative prospect theory, the priority heuristic, and the editing principles of combination and cancellation. Systematic violations of restricted branch independence also contradicted predictions of ``stripped'' prospect theory (subjectively weighted additive utility without the editing rules.

CROSSER - CUMULATIVE BINOMIAL PROGRAMS

Science.gov (United States)

Bowerman, P. N.

1994-01-01

The cumulative binomial program, CROSSER, is one of a set of three programs which calculate cumulative binomial probability distributions for arbitrary inputs. The three programs, CROSSER, CUMBIN (NPO-17555), and NEWTONP (NPO-17556), can be used independently of one another. CROSSER can be used by statisticians and users of statistical procedures, test planners, designers, and numerical analysts. The program has been used for reliability/availability calculations. CROSSER calculates the point at which the reliability of a k-out-of-n system equals the common reliability of the n components. It is designed to work well with all integer values 0 < k <= n. To run the program, the user simply runs the executable version and inputs the information requested by the program. The program is not designed to weed out incorrect inputs, so the user must take care to make sure the inputs are correct. Once all input has been entered, the program calculates and lists the result. It also lists the number of iterations of Newton's method required to calculate the answer within the given error. The CROSSER program is written in C. It was developed on an IBM AT with a numeric co-processor using Microsoft C 5.0. Because the source code is written using standard C structures and functions, it should compile correctly with most C compilers. The program format is interactive. It has been implemented under DOS 3.2 and has a memory requirement of 26K. CROSSER was developed in 1988.

Complexity and demographic explanations of cumulative culture.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Adrien Querbes

Full Text Available Formal models have linked prehistoric and historical instances of technological change (e.g., the Upper Paleolithic transition, cultural loss in Holocene Tasmania, scientific progress since the late nineteenth century to demographic change. According to these models, cumulation of technological complexity is inhibited by decreasing--while favoured by increasing--population levels. Here we show that these findings are contingent on how complexity is defined: demography plays a much more limited role in sustaining cumulative culture in case formal models deploy Herbert Simon's definition of complexity rather than the particular definitions of complexity hitherto assumed. Given that currently available empirical evidence doesn't afford discriminating proper from improper definitions of complexity, our robustness analyses put into question the force of recent demographic explanations of particular episodes of cultural change.

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: 聴診法 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 聴診法 名詞 一般 * * * * 聴診 チョウシン チョーシン Thesaurus2015 200906058699600215 V LS52 MULTI_WORD 聴診 法

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: 西日本 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 西日本 名詞 一般 * * * * 西日本 ニシニホン ニシニホン Thesaurus2015 200906035320560580 C IA01 名詞 西日本

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: 日本海 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 日本海 名詞 一般 * * * * 日本海 ニホンカイ ニホンカイ Thesaurus2015 200906067241353862 C IA13 名詞 日本海

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: 知覚路 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 知覚路 名詞 一般 * * * * 感覚器 カンカクキ カンカクキ Thesaurus2015 200906030002343048 V LS16 MULTI_WORD 知覚 路

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: 知覚器 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 知覚器 名詞 一般 * * * * 感覚器 カンカクキ カンカクキ Thesaurus2015 200906030002343048 V LS16 MULTI_WORD 知覚 器

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: 視知覚 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 視知覚 名詞 サ変接続 * * * * 視知覚 シチカク シチカク Thesaurus2015 200906017550520040 C IC01 MULTI_WORD 視 知覚

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: 地質学 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 地質学 名詞 一般 * * * * 地質学 チシツガク チシツガク Thesaurus2015 200906053612759521 C GC02 MULTI_WORD 地質 学

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: 歯要素 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 歯要素 名詞 一般 * * * * 歯の要素 ハノヨウソ ハノヨーソ Thesaurus2015 200906008273684180 V MF07 MULTI_WORD 歯 要素

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: 砂漠化 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 砂漠化 名詞 サ変接続 * * * * 砂漠化 サバクカ サバクカ Thesaurus2015 200906056283694641 C GC11 MULTI_WORD 砂漠 化

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: 皮膚科 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 皮膚科 名詞 一般 * * * * 皮膚科学 ヒフカガク ヒフカガク Thesaurus2015 200906013368077667 V LS52 MULTI_WORD 皮膚 科

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: 摩擦熱 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 摩擦熱 名詞 一般 * * * * 摩擦熱 マサツネツ マサツネツ Thesaurus2015 200906075078768009 C MF04 MULTI_WORD 摩擦 熱

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: 摩擦杭 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 摩擦杭 名詞 一般 * * * * 摩擦杭 マサツグイ マサツグイ Thesaurus2015 200906085722469390 C AA34 MULTI_WORD 摩擦 杭

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: 管理職 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 管理職 名詞 一般 * * * * 管理者 カンリシャ カンリシャ Thesaurus2015 200906025741356618 V BD01 MULTI_WORD 管理 職

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: 管理者 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 管理者 名詞 一般 * * * * 管理者 カンリシャ カンリシャ Thesaurus2015 200906025741356618 C BD01 MULTI_WORD 管理 者

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: 信頼率 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 信頼率 名詞 一般 * * * * 信頼度 シンライド シンライド Thesaurus2015 200906047834797529 V BI01 MULTI_WORD 信頼 率

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: 信憑性 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 信憑性 名詞 一般 * * * * 信頼度 シンライド シンライド Thesaurus2015 200906047834797529 V BI01 MULTI_WORD 信憑 性

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: 信頼度 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 信頼度 名詞 一般 * * * * 信頼度 シンライド シンライド Thesaurus2015 200906047834797529 C BI01 MULTI_WORD 信頼 度

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: 栄養士 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 栄養士 名詞 一般 * * * * 栄養士 エイヨウシ エイヨーシ Thesaurus2015 200906032097297202 C LS73 名詞 栄養士

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: 栄養素 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 栄養素 名詞 一般 * * * * 栄養素 エイヨウソ エイヨーソ Thesaurus2015 200906009271842337 C LS73 名詞 栄養素

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: 脳浮腫 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 脳浮腫 名詞 一般 * * * * 脳浮腫 ノウフシュ ノーフシュ Thesaurus2015 200906005196410234 C LS51 MULTI_WORD 脳 浮腫

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: 家禽肉 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 家禽肉 名詞 一般 * * * * 家禽肉 カキンニク カキンニク Thesaurus2015 200906093176555216 C LS72 MULTI_WORD 家禽 肉

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: 家禽舎 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 家禽舎 名詞 一般 * * * * 家禽舎 カキンシャ カキンシャ Thesaurus2015 200906095124720599 C LS66 MULTI_WORD 家禽 舎

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: 分離腫 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 分離腫 名詞 一般 * * * * 分離腫 ブンリシュ ブンリシュ Thesaurus2015 200906096342986637 C LS51 MULTI_WORD 分離 腫

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: バラ属 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term バラ属 名詞 サ変接続 * * * * バラ属 バラゾク バラゾク Thesaurus2015 200906011523300642 C LS06 MULTI_WORD バラ 属

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: 架橋度 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 架橋度 名詞 一般 * * * * 架橋度 カキョウド カキョード Thesaurus2015 200906003032828634 C CC20 MULTI_WORD 架橋 度

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: 炊事場 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 炊事場 名詞 一般 * * * * 調理場 チョウリバ チョーリバ Thesaurus2015 200906079271446685 V LS71 MULTI_WORD 炊事 場

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: 調理場 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 調理場 名詞 一般 * * * * 調理場 チョウリバ チョーリバ Thesaurus2015 200906079271446685 C LS71 名詞 調理場

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: 気候学 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 気候学 名詞 一般 * * * * 気候学 キコウガク キコーガク Thesaurus2015 200906099471263446 C GC19 MULTI_WORD 気候 学

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: 気候帯 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 気候帯 名詞 一般 * * * * 気候帯 キコウタイ キコータイ Thesaurus2015 200906017995978101 C GC19 MULTI_WORD 気候 帯

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: 高周波 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 高周波 名詞 一般 * * * * ＨＦ【周波数】 ＨＦ エイチエフ Thesaurus2015 200906043777239608 V PA04 名詞 高周波

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: 溶接池 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 溶接池 名詞 一般 * * * * 溶融池 ヨウユウチ ヨーユウチ Thesaurus2015 200906015968468972 V GA07 MULTI_WORD 溶接 池

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: 世界線 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 世界線 名詞 一般 * * * * 世界線 セカイセン セカイセン Thesaurus2015 200906079674058316 C PA15 MULTI_WORD 世界 線

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: ライ麦 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term ライ麦 名詞 一般 * * * * ライムギ ライムギ ライムギ Thesaurus2015 200906053582807216 V LS06/LS72 名詞 ライ麦

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: 野兎病 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 野兎病 名詞 一般 * * * * 野兎病 ヤトビョウ ヤトビョー Thesaurus2015 200906018331684034 C LS51 MULTI_WORD 野兎 病

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: 大原病 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 大原病 名詞 一般 * * * * 野兎病 ヤトビョウ ヤトビョー Thesaurus2015 200906018331684034 V LS51 MULTI_WORD 大原 病

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: 野と病 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 野と病 名詞 一般 * * * * 野兎病 ヤトビョウ ヤトビョー Thesaurus2015 200906018331684034 V LS51 MULTI_WORD 野 と 病

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: 根発生 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 根発生 名詞 サ変接続 * * * * 発根 ハッコン ハッコン Thesaurus2015 200906055494038060 V LS14/LS13 MULTI_WORD 根 発生

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: 根形成 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 根形成 名詞 サ変接続 * * * * 発根 ハッコン ハッコン Thesaurus2015 200906055494038060 V LS14/LS13 MULTI_WORD 根 形成

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: 時間順 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 時間順 名詞 一般 * * * * 時系列 ジケイレツ ジケイレツ Thesaurus2015 200906043247466956 V IA10 MULTI_WORD 時間 順

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: 監査廊 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 監査廊 名詞 一般 * * * * 監査廊 カンサロウ カンサロー Thesaurus2015 200906062523684185 C AC26 MULTI_WORD 監査 廊

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: 塩基性 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 塩基性 名詞 一般 * * * * 塩基性 エンキセイ エンキセイ Thesaurus2015 200906030103035875 C CA01 MULTI_WORD 塩基 性

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: 塩基対 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 塩基対 名詞 一般 * * * * 塩基対 エンキツイ エンキツイ Thesaurus2015 200906063142488432 C LS31 MULTI_WORD 塩基 対

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: 倫理学 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 倫理学 名詞 一般 * * * * 倫理学 リンリガク リンリガク Thesaurus2015 200906017729203129 C ID01 MULTI_WORD 倫理 学

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: 法医学 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 法医学 名詞 一般 * * * * 法医学 ホウイガク ホーイガク Thesaurus2015 200906010850338495 C LS52 名詞 法医学

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: 型理論 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 型理論 名詞 一般 * * * * 型理論 カタリロン カタリロン Thesaurus2015 200906008548398824 C EG01 MULTI_WORD 型 理論

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: 膜理論 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 膜理論 名詞 一般 * * * * 膜理論 マクリロン マクリロン Thesaurus2015 200906021030057876 C MF04 MULTI_WORD 膜 理論

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: 鉄や金 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 鉄や金 名詞 一般 * * * * 鉄冶金 テツヤキン テツヤキン Thesaurus2015 200906069593417170 V GA13 MULTI_WORD 鉄 や 金

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: 鉄冶金 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 鉄冶金 名詞 一般 * * * * 鉄冶金 テツヤキン テツヤキン Thesaurus2015 200906069593417170 C GA13 MULTI_WORD 鉄 冶金

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: 物理学 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 物理学 名詞 一般 * * * * 物理学 ブツリガク ブツリガク Thesaurus2015 200906065649854395 C IA10 MULTI_WORD 物理 学

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: 化学種 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 化学種 名詞 一般 * * * * 化学種 カガクシュ カガクシュ Thesaurus2015 200906073282886115 C CA01 MULTI_WORD 化学 種

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: ワイン [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term ワイン 名詞 一般 * * * * ぶどう酒 ブドウシュ ブドーシュ Thesaurus2015 200906026101698217 V LS72 名詞 ワイン

Family Resources and Effects on Child Behavior Problem Interventions: A Cumulative Risk Approach.

Science.gov (United States)

Tømmerås, Truls; Kjøbli, John

2017-01-01

Family resources have been associated with health care inequality in general and with social gradients in treatment outcomes for children with behavior problems. However, there is limited evidence concerning cumulative risk-the accumulation of social and economic disadvantages in a family-and whether cumulative risk moderates the outcomes of evidence-based parent training interventions. We used data from two randomized controlled trials evaluating high-intensity ( n  = 137) and low-intensity ( n  = 216) versions of Parent Management Training-Oregon (PMTO) with a 50:50 allocation between participants receiving PMTO interventions or regular care. A nine-item family cumulative risk index tapping socioeconomic resources and parental health was constructed to assess the family's exposure to risk. Autoregressive structured equation models (SEM) were run to investigate whether cumulative risk moderated child behaviors at post-treatment and follow-up (6 months). Our results showed opposite social gradients for the treatment conditions: the children exposed to cumulative risk in a pooled sample of both PMTO groups displayed lower levels of behavior problems, whereas children with identical risk exposures who received regular care experienced more problems. Furthermore, our results indicated that the social gradients differed between PMTO interventions: children exposed to cumulative risk in the low-intensity (five sessions) Brief Parent Training fared equally well as their high-resource counterparts, whereas children exposed to cumulative risk in the high-intensity PMTO (12 sessions) experienced vastly better treatment effects. Providing evidence-based parent training seem to be an effective way to counteract health care inequality, and the more intensive PMTO treatment seemed to be a particularly effective way to help families with cumulative risk.

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: Ｍｄ [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term Ｍｄ 名詞 一般 * * * * メンデレビウム メンデレビウム メンデレビューム Thesaurus2015 200906022783221535 V CA03 UNKNOWN_1 Ｍｄ

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: CPU時間 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term CPU時間 名詞 一般 * * * * ＣＰＵ時間 ＣＰＵジカン シーピーユージカン Thesaurus2015 200906036343682884 C EG01 MULTI_WORD CPU 時間

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: rubella virus [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term rubella virus 名詞 一般 * * * * 風疹ウイル...ス フウシンウイルス フーシンウイルス Thesaurus2015 200906068435750800 C LS07 UNKNOWN_2 rubella virus

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: BCS理論 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term BCS理論 名詞 一般 * * * * ＢＣＳ理論 ＢＣＳリロン ビーシーエスリロン Thesaurus2015 200906000409064589 C PA09 UNKNOWN_2 BCS 理論

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: Streptococcus pneumoniae [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term Streptococcus pneumoniae 名詞 一般 * ...* * * 肺炎球菌 ハイエンキュウキン ハイエンキューキン Thesaurus2015 200906003627228649 C LS07 UNKNOWN_2 Streptococcus pneumoniae

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: Diplococcus pneumoniae [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term Diplococcus pneumoniae 名詞 一般 * * ...* * 肺炎球菌 ハイエンキュウキン ハイエンキューキン Thesaurus2015 200906003627228649 C LS07 UNKNOWN_2 Diplococcus pneumoniae

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: CID [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term CID 名詞 一般 * * * * 衝突誘起解離 ショウトツユウキカイリ ショートツユーキカイリ Thesaurus2015 200906094037514412 C PA07 UNKNOWN_1 CID

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: DTH [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term DTH 名詞 一般 * * * * 遅延型アレルギー チエンガタアレルギー チエンガタアレルギー Thesaurus2015 200906017723995309 C LS19 MULTI_WORD DT H

NASA strategic plan

Science.gov (United States)

1994-01-01

The NASA Strategic Plan is a living document. It provides far-reaching goals and objectives to create stability for NASA's efforts. The Plan presents NASA's top-level strategy: it articulates what NASA does and for whom; it differentiates between ends and means; it states where NASA is going and what NASA intends to do to get there. This Plan is not a budget document, nor does it present priorities for current or future programs. Rather, it establishes a framework for shaping NASA's activities and developing a balanced set of priorities across the Agency. Such priorities will then be reflected in the NASA budget. The document includes vision, mission, and goals; external environment; conceptual framework; strategic enterprises (Mission to Planet Earth, aeronautics, human exploration and development of space, scientific research, space technology, and synergy); strategic functions (transportation to space, space communications, human resources, and physical resources); values and operating principles; implementing strategy; and senior management team concurrence.

Implications of applying cumulative risk assessment to the workplace.

Science.gov (United States)

Fox, Mary A; Spicer, Kristen; Chosewood, L Casey; Susi, Pam; Johns, Douglas O; Dotson, G Scott

2018-06-01

Multiple changes are influencing work, workplaces and workers in the US including shifts in the main types of work and the rise of the 'gig' economy. Work and workplace changes have coincided with a decline in unions and associated advocacy for improved safety and health conditions. Risk assessment has been the primary method to inform occupational and environmental health policy and management for many types of hazards. Although often focused on one hazard at a time, risk assessment frameworks and methods have advanced toward cumulative risk assessment recognizing that exposure to a single chemical or non-chemical stressor rarely occurs in isolation. We explore how applying cumulative risk approaches may change the roles of workers and employers as they pursue improved health and safety and elucidate some of the challenges and opportunities that might arise. Application of cumulative risk assessment should result in better understanding of complex exposures and health risks with the potential to inform more effective controls and improved safety and health risk management overall. Roles and responsibilities of both employers and workers are anticipated to change with potential for a greater burden of responsibility on workers to address risk factors both inside and outside the workplace that affect health at work. A range of policies, guidance and training have helped develop cumulative risk assessment for the environmental health field and similar approaches are available to foster the practice in occupational safety and health. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: 天文学 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 天文学 名詞 一般 * * * * 天文学 テンモンガク テンモンガク Thesaurus2015 200906027270127462 C PA14 名詞 天文学

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: 日本猿 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 日本猿 名詞 一般 * * * * ニホンザル ニホンザル ニホンザル Thesaurus2015 200906080195796211 V LS05 名詞 日本猿

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: 東日本 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 東日本 名詞 一般 * * * * 東日本 ヒガシニホン ヒガシニホン Thesaurus2015 200906050811345400 C IA01 名詞 東日本

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: 太陽光 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 太陽光 名詞 一般 * * * * 太陽光 タイヨウコウ タイヨーコー Thesaurus2015 200906030941904702 C PA14 名詞 太陽光

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: 太陽炉 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 太陽炉 名詞 一般 * * * * 太陽炉 タイヨウロ タイヨーロ Thesaurus2015 200906005472145744 C GA14/MF05 MULTI_WORD 太陽 炉

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: 太陽圏 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 太陽圏 名詞 一般 * * * * 太陽圏 タイヨウケン タイヨーケン Thesaurus2015 200906032269222803 C PA14 MULTI_WORD 太陽 圏

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: 太陽風 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 太陽風 名詞 一般 * * * * 太陽風 タイヨウフウ タイヨーフー Thesaurus2015 200906010065504725 C PA14 MULTI_WORD 太陽 風

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: 太陽系 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 太陽系 名詞 一般 * * * * 太陽系 タイヨウケイ タイヨーケイ Thesaurus2015 200906047268842856 C PA14 名詞 太陽系

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: 宇宙論 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 宇宙論 名詞 一般 * * * * 宇宙論 ウチュウロン ウチューロン Thesaurus2015 200906027342811738 C PA14 MULTI_WORD 宇宙 論

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: 故障率 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 故障率 名詞 一般 * * * * 故障率 コショウリツ コショーリツ Thesaurus2015 200906060633893860 C BI01 MULTI_WORD 故障 率

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: 胡椒科 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 胡椒科 名詞 一般 * * * * コショウ科 コショウカ コショーカ Thesaurus2015 200906093175990369 V LS06 MULTI_WORD 胡椒 科

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: 湖沼水 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 湖沼水 名詞 一般 * * * * 湖沼水 コショウスイ コショースイ Thesaurus2015 200906044508138486 C IA09 MULTI_WORD 湖沼 水

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: 経済性 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 経済性 名詞 一般 * * * * 経済性 ケイザイセイ ケイザイセイ Thesaurus2015 200906034560116797 C BH01 MULTI_WORD 経済 性

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: 経済圏 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 経済圏 名詞 一般 * * * * 経済圏 ケイザイケン ケイザイケン Thesaurus2015 200906081551884445 C AA40 MULTI_WORD 経済 圏

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: 熱経済 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 熱経済 名詞 一般 * * * * 熱効率 ネツコウリツ ネツコーリツ Thesaurus2015 200906046275738766 V MF05 MULTI_WORD 熱 経済

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: 経済学 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 経済学 名詞 一般 * * * * 経済学 ケイザイガク ケイザイガク Thesaurus2015 200906030606309832 C IB01 MULTI_WORD 経済 学

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: 商業圏 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 商業圏 名詞 一般 * * * * 経済圏 ケイザイケン ケイザイケン Thesaurus2015 200906081551884445 V AA40 MULTI_WORD 商業 圏

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: 内閉症 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 内閉症 名詞 一般 * * * * 自閉症 ジヘイショウ ジヘイショー Thesaurus2015 200906044868102156 V LS51 UNKNOWN_2 内 閉症

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: 自閉症 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 自閉症 名詞 一般 * * * * 自閉症 ジヘイショウ ジヘイショー Thesaurus2015 200906044868102156 C LS51 名詞 自閉症

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: 管摩擦 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 管摩擦 名詞 サ変接続 * * * * 管摩擦 カンマサツ カンマサツ Thesaurus2015 200906038981672090 C MF04 MULTI_WORD 管 摩擦

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: 摩擦力 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 摩擦力 名詞 一般 * * * * 摩擦力 マサツリョク マサツリョク Thesaurus2015 200906095522829479 C MF04 MULTI_WORD 摩擦 力

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: 信頼性 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 信頼性 名詞 一般 * * * * 信頼性 シンライセイ シンライセイ Thesaurus2015 200906011568540610 C BI01 MULTI_WORD 信頼 性

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: 跳躍類 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 跳躍類 名詞 一般 * * * * 直翅類 チョクシルイ チョクシルイ Thesaurus2015 200906088691335683 V LS05 MULTI_WORD 跳躍 類

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: 会計学 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 会計学 名詞 一般 * * * * 会計学 カイケイガク カイケイガク Thesaurus2015 200906067126426759 C ID01 MULTI_WORD 会計 学

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: 撫子科 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 撫子科 名詞 一般 * * * * ナデシコ科 ナデシコカ ナデシコカ Thesaurus2015 200906023282500031 V LS06 MULTI_WORD 撫子 科

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: 石竹科 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 石竹科 名詞 一般 * * * * ナデシコ科 ナデシコカ ナデシコカ Thesaurus2015 200906023282500031 V LS06 MULTI_WORD 石竹 科

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: 肺浮腫 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 肺浮腫 名詞 一般 * * * * 肺水腫 ハイスイシュ ハイスイシュ Thesaurus2015 200906058052684360 V LS51 MULTI_WORD 肺 浮腫

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: 調査票 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 調査票 名詞 一般 * * * * アンケート アンケート アンケート Thesaurus2015 200906039727808671 V IA06 MULTI_WORD 調査 票

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: 調査船 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 調査船 名詞 一般 * * * * 調査船 チョウサセン チョーサセン Thesaurus2015 200906018769073399 C MR01 MULTI_WORD 調査 船

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: 中国語 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 中国語 名詞 一般 * * * * 中国語 チュウゴクゴ チューゴクゴ Thesaurus2015 200906069279434575 C BA01 MULTI_WORD 中国 語

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: 竜巻き [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 竜巻き 名詞 一般 * * * * トルネード トルネード トルネード Thesaurus2015 200906061029359976 V GC19 MULTI_WORD 竜 巻き

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: 副生物 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 副生物 名詞 一般 * * * * 副産物 フクサンブツ フクサンブツ Thesaurus2015 200906003406272686 V IA09 MULTI_WORD 副 生物

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: 副産物 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 副産物 名詞 一般 * * * * 副産物 フクサンブツ フクサンブツ Thesaurus2015 200906003406272686 C IA09 名詞 副産物

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: 副製品 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 副製品 名詞 一般 * * * * 副産物 フクサンブツ フクサンブツ Thesaurus2015 200906003406272686 V IA09 MULTI_WORD 副 製品

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: 副成物 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 副成物 名詞 一般 * * * * 副産物 フクサンブツ フクサンブツ Thesaurus2015 200906003406272686 V IA09 MULTI_WORD 副 成 物

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: 派生物 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 派生物 名詞 一般 * * * * 副産物 フクサンブツ フクサンブツ Thesaurus2015 200906003406272686 V IA09 MULTI_WORD 派生 物

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: 飲食店 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 飲食店 名詞 一般 * * * * レストラン レストラン レストラン Thesaurus2015 200906061597290301 V AB04 MULTI_WORD 飲食 店

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: 料理店 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 料理店 名詞 一般 * * * * レストラン レストラン レストラン Thesaurus2015 200906061597290301 V AB04 MULTI_WORD 料理 店

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: 料理屋 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 料理屋 名詞 一般 * * * * レストラン レストラン レストラン Thesaurus2015 200906061597290301 V AB04 MULTI_WORD 料理 屋

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: 分離流 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 分離流 名詞 一般 * * * * 剥離流 ハクリリュウ ハクリリュー Thesaurus2015 200906012807851890 V MF03 MULTI_WORD 分離 流

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: 分離機 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 分離機 名詞 一般 * * * * 分離装置 ブンリソウチ ブンリソーチ Thesaurus2015 200906005564059135 V IA11 MULTI_WORD 分離 機

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: 分離器 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 分離器 名詞 一般 * * * * 分離装置 ブンリソウチ ブンリソーチ Thesaurus2015 200906005564059135 V IA11 MULTI_WORD 分離 器

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: 水ゾル [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 水ゾル 名詞 一般 * * * * ヒドロゾル ヒドロゾル ヒドロゾル Thesaurus2015 200906059522009173 V CA24 UNKNOWN_2 水 ゾル

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: 包含物 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 包含物 名詞 一般 * * * * 包有物 ホウユウブツ ホーユウブツ Thesaurus2015 200906055603751162 V GC08 MULTI_WORD 包含 物

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: 高架橋 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 高架橋 名詞 一般 * * * * 高架橋 コウカキョウ コーカキョー Thesaurus2015 200906039162079948 C AC12 MULTI_WORD 高架 橋

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: 架橋剤 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 架橋剤 名詞 一般 * * * * 架橋剤 カキョウザイ カキョーザイ Thesaurus2015 200906012874446992 C CC21 MULTI_WORD 架橋 剤

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: 調理器 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 調理器 名詞 一般 * * * * 調理器具 チョウリキグ チョーリキグ Thesaurus2015 200906049540184718 V LS71 MULTI_WORD 調理 器

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: 料理器 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 料理器 名詞 一般 * * * * 調理器具 チョウリキグ チョーリキグ Thesaurus2015 200906049540184718 V LS71 MULTI_WORD 料理 器

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: 調理具 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 調理具 名詞 一般 * * * * 調理器具 チョウリキグ チョーリキグ Thesaurus2015 200906049540184718 V LS71 MULTI_WORD 調理 具

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: 代数学 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 代数学 名詞 一般 * * * * 代数学 ダイスウガク ダイスーガク Thesaurus2015 200906069290355962 C PB01 MULTI_WORD 代数 学

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: 溶接棒 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 溶接棒 名詞 一般 * * * * 溶接棒 ヨウセツボウ ヨーセツボー Thesaurus2015 200906048304778619 C GA07 MULTI_WORD 溶接 棒

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: 溶接割 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 溶接割 名詞 一般 * * * * 溶接割れ ヨウセツワレ ヨーセツワレ Thesaurus2015 200906091650122633 V GA07 MULTI_WORD 溶接 割

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: 溶接線 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 溶接線 名詞 一般 * * * * 溶接線 ヨウセツセン ヨーセツセン Thesaurus2015 200906065387664123 C GA07 MULTI_WORD 溶接 線

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: 溶接性 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 溶接性 名詞 一般 * * * * 溶接性 ヨウセツセイ ヨーセツセイ Thesaurus2015 200906057610461768 C GA07 MULTI_WORD 溶接 性

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: 生物学 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 生物学 名詞 一般 * * * * 生物学 セイブツガク セイブツガク Thesaurus2015 200906002567921394 C LS01 MULTI_WORD 生物 学

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: 整流器 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 整流器 名詞 一般 * * * * 整流器 セイリュウキ セイリューキ Thesaurus2015 200906059608073990 C EA12 MULTI_WORD 整流 器

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: 整流機 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 整流機 名詞 一般 * * * * 整流器 セイリュウキ セイリューキ Thesaurus2015 200906059608073990 V EA12 MULTI_WORD 整流 機

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: 統計学 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 統計学 名詞 一般 * * * * 統計学 トウケイガク トーケイガク Thesaurus2015 200906030626503287 C PB01 MULTI_WORD 統計 学

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: 統計論 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 統計論 名詞 一般 * * * * 統計学 トウケイガク トーケイガク Thesaurus2015 200906030626503287 V PB01 MULTI_WORD 統計 論

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: 心理学 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 心理学 名詞 一般 * * * * 心理学 シンリガク シンリガク Thesaurus2015 200906023574332148 C IC01/ID01 MULTI_WORD 心理 学

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: 相成分 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 相成分 名詞 一般 * * * * 相組成 ソウソセイ ソーソセイ Thesaurus2015 200906000647588588 V GA15/PA02 MULTI_WORD 相 成分

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: 外骨格 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 外骨格 名詞 一般 * * * * 外骨格 ガイコッカク ガイコッカク Thesaurus2015 200906019471846987 C LS16 MULTI_WORD 外 骨格

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: 心筋炎 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 心筋炎 名詞 一般 * * * * 心筋炎 シンキンエン シンキンエン Thesaurus2015 200906097623366308 C LS51 MULTI_WORD 心筋 炎

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: 生産性 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 生産性 名詞 一般 * * * * 生産性 セイサンセイ セイサンセイ Thesaurus2015 200906013701656505 C BH01 MULTI_WORD 生産 性

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: 比重瓶 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 比重瓶 名詞 一般 * * * * 比重計 ヒジュウケイ ヒジューケイ Thesaurus2015 200906048215457981 V PA01 MULTI_WORD 比重 瓶

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: 比重計 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 比重計 名詞 一般 * * * * 比重計 ヒジュウケイ ヒジューケイ Thesaurus2015 200906048215457981 C PA01 MULTI_WORD 比重 計

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: 浮き秤 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 浮き秤 名詞 一般 * * * * 比重計 ヒジュウケイ ヒジューケイ Thesaurus2015 200906048215457981 V PA01 MULTI_WORD 浮き 秤

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: 死時間 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 死時間 名詞 一般 * * * * 不感時間 フカンジカン フカンジカン Thesaurus2015 200906025877241741 V IA10 MULTI_WORD 死 時間

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: Pinctada fucata martensii [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term Pinctada fucata martensii 名詞 一般 *... * * * アコヤガイ アコヤガイ アコヤガイ Thesaurus2015 200906090725891437 C LS05 UNKNOWN_2 Pinctada fucata martensii

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: 動機付 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 動機付 名詞 一般 * * * * 動機づけ ドウキヅケ ドーキヅケ Thesaurus2015 200906048334453994 V BJ01/BD01 MULTI_WORD 動機 付

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: 視環境 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 視環境 名詞 一般 * * * * 視環境 シカンキョウ シカンキョー Thesaurus2015 200906072518755401 C BK01 MULTI_WORD 視 環境

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: 古環境 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 古環境 名詞 一般 * * * * 古環境 コカンキョウ コカンキョー Thesaurus2015 200906061878346837 C GC05 MULTI_WORD 古 環境

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: 電話局 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 電話局 名詞 一般 * * * * 電話局 デンワキョク デンワキョク Thesaurus2015 200906027066937412 C AB04 MULTI_WORD 電話 局

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: Evidence Based Medicine [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term Evidence Based Medicine 名詞 一般 * *... * * ＥＢＭ【医学】 ＥＢＭ イービーエム Thesaurus2015 200906096535663959 C LS52 UNKNOWN_2 Evidence Based Medicine

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: Schiff塩基 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term Schiff塩基 名詞 一般 * * * * アゾメチン アゾメチン アゾメチン Thesaurus2015 200906022367859075 C CA06 UNKNOWN_2 Schiff 塩基

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: 反転層 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

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Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 反転層 名詞 一般 * * * * 反転層 ハンテンソウ ハンテンソー Thesaurus2015 200906052481731395 C PA10 MULTI_WORD 反転 層

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: 利尿剤 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 利尿剤 名詞 一般 * * * * 利尿薬 リニョウヤク リニョーヤク Thesaurus2015 200906044503726819 V LS44 MULTI_WORD 利尿 剤

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: 利尿薬 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

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Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 利尿薬 名詞 一般 * * * * 利尿薬 リニョウヤク リニョーヤク Thesaurus2015 200906044503726819 C LS44 MULTI_WORD 利尿 薬

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: 獣医学 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

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Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 獣医学 名詞 一般 * * * * 獣医学 ジュウイガク ジューイガク Thesaurus2015 200906027799655359 C LS56 MULTI_WORD 獣医 学

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: 場理論 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

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Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 場理論 名詞 一般 * * * * 場の理論 バノリロン バノリロン Thesaurus2015 200906058759361088 V PA10/PA15 MULTI_WORD 場 理論

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: 燃焼波 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

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Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 燃焼波 名詞 一般 * * * * 燃焼波 ネンショウハ ネンショーハ Thesaurus2015 200906074025343638 C CC08 MULTI_WORD 燃焼 波

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: 燃焼炉 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

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Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 燃焼炉 名詞 一般 * * * * 燃焼炉 ネンショウロ ネンショーロ Thesaurus2015 200906057918445852 C GA14 MULTI_WORD 燃焼 炉

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: 燃焼具 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

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Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 燃焼具 名詞 一般 * * * * 燃焼器 ネンショウキ ネンショーキ Thesaurus2015 200906043329716756 V MG01 MULTI_WORD 燃焼 具

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: 燃焼器 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 燃焼器 名詞 一般 * * * * 燃焼器 ネンショウキ ネンショーキ Thesaurus2015 200906043329716756 C MG01 MULTI_WORD 燃焼 器

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: 気象学 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 気象学 名詞 一般 * * * * 気象学 キショウガク キショーガク Thesaurus2015 200906073435722338 C GC19 MULTI_WORD 気象 学

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: 腹膜炎 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 腹膜炎 名詞 一般 * * * * 腹膜炎 フクマクエン フクマクエン Thesaurus2015 200906076873368023 C LS51 名詞 腹膜炎

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: 土壌型 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

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Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 土壌型 名詞 一般 * * * * 土壌型 ドジョウガタ ドジョーガタ Thesaurus2015 200906035849497515 C LS62 MULTI_WORD 土壌 型

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: 土壌学 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 土壌学 名詞 一般 * * * * 土壌学 ドジョウガク ドジョーガク Thesaurus2015 200906059822517723 C LS62 MULTI_WORD 土壌 学

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: 治療法 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

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Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 治療法 名詞 一般 * * * * 治療法 チリョウホウ チリョーホー Thesaurus2015 200906019047550156 C LS52 MULTI_WORD 治療 法

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: 治療学 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 治療学 名詞 一般 * * * * 治療法 チリョウホウ チリョーホー Thesaurus2015 200906019047550156 V LS52 MULTI_WORD 治療 学

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: 予測法 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

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Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 予測法 名詞 一般 * * * * 予測技法 ヨソクギホウ ヨソクギホー Thesaurus2015 200906061468443924 V BC01 MULTI_WORD 予測 法

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: 予知法 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

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Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 予知法 名詞 一般 * * * * 予測技法 ヨソクギホウ ヨソクギホー Thesaurus2015 200906061468443924 V BC01 MULTI_WORD 予知 法

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: 予言法 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

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Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 予言法 名詞 一般 * * * * 予測技法 ヨソクギホウ ヨソクギホー Thesaurus2015 200906061468443924 V BC01 MULTI_WORD 予言 法

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: 予察法 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 予察法 名詞 一般 * * * * 予測技法 ヨソクギホウ ヨソクギホー Thesaurus2015 200906061468443924 V BC01 MULTI_WORD 予察 法

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: 製作図 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

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Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 製作図 名詞 一般 * * * * 工作図 コウサクズ コーサクズ Thesaurus2015 200906043045828589 V IA11 MULTI_WORD 製作 図

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: 製作者 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 製作者 名詞 一般 * * * * 生産者 セイサンシャ セイサンシャ Thesaurus2015 200906023172215412 V BB01 MULTI_WORD 製作 者

Transmission fidelity is the key to the build-up of cumulative culture.

Science.gov (United States)

Lewis, Hannah M; Laland, Kevin N

2012-08-05

Many animals have socially transmitted behavioural traditions, but human culture appears unique in that it is cumulative, i.e. human cultural traits increase in diversity and complexity over time. It is often suggested that high-fidelity cultural transmission is necessary for cumulative culture to occur through refinement, a process known as 'ratcheting', but this hypothesis has never been formally evaluated. We discuss processes of information transmission and loss of traits from a cognitive viewpoint alongside other cultural processes of novel invention (generation of entirely new traits), modification (refinement of existing traits) and combination (bringing together two established traits to generate a new trait). We develop a simple cultural transmission model that does not assume major evolutionary changes (e.g. in brain architecture) and show that small changes in the fidelity with which information is passed between individuals can lead to cumulative culture. In comparison, modification and combination have a lesser influence on, and novel invention appears unimportant to, the ratcheting process. Our findings support the idea that high-fidelity transmission is the key driver of human cumulative culture, and that progress in cumulative culture depends more on trait combination than novel invention or trait modification.

A paradox of cumulative culture.

Science.gov (United States)

Kobayashi, Yutaka; Wakano, Joe Yuichiro; Ohtsuki, Hisashi

2015-08-21

Culture can grow cumulatively if socially learnt behaviors are improved by individual learning before being passed on to the next generation. Previous authors showed that this kind of learning strategy is unlikely to be evolutionarily stable in the presence of a trade-off between learning and reproduction. This is because culture is a public good that is freely exploited by any member of the population in their model (cultural social dilemma). In this paper, we investigate the effect of vertical transmission (transmission from parents to offspring), which decreases the publicness of culture, on the evolution of cumulative culture in both infinite and finite population models. In the infinite population model, we confirm that culture accumulates largely as long as transmission is purely vertical. It turns out, however, that introduction of even slight oblique transmission drastically reduces the equilibrium level of culture. Even more surprisingly, if the population size is finite, culture hardly accumulates even under purely vertical transmission. This occurs because stochastic extinction due to random genetic drift prevents a learning strategy from accumulating enough culture. Overall, our theoretical results suggest that introducing vertical transmission alone does not really help solve the cultural social dilemma problem. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: ＰＴ [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term ＰＴ 名詞 一般 * * * * 理学療法士 リガクリョウホウシ リガクリョーホウシ Thesaurus2015 200906076711637381 V LS52 UNKNOWN_1 ＰＴ

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: ＨＹ [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term ＨＹ 名詞 一般 * * * * ＨＹゼオライト ＨＹゼオライト エイチワイゼオライト Thesaurus2015 200906070203646695 V CA05 MULTI_WORD Ｈ Ｙ

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: Delphi調査 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term Delphi調査 名詞 サ変接続 * * * * デルファイ法 デルファイホウ デルファイホー Thesaurus2015 200906092559181801 C BC01 UNKNOWN_2 Delphi 調査

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: Trifolium pratense [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term Trifolium pratense 名詞 一般 * * * * ...アカツメクサ アカツメクサ アカツメクサ Thesaurus2015 200906035890409908 C LS06/LS66 UNKNOWN_2 Trifolium pratense

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: Sendai virus [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term Sendai virus 名詞 一般 * * * * センダイウイ...ルス センダイウイルス センダイウイルス Thesaurus2015 200906033667666130 C LS07 UNKNOWN_2 Sendai virus

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: mumps virus [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

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Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term mumps virus 名詞 一般 * * * * ムンプスウイル...ス ムンプスウイルス ムンプスーイルス Thesaurus2015 200906033436284499 C LS07 UNKNOWN_2 mumps virus

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: Addison貧血 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term Addison貧血 名詞 サ変接続 * * * * 悪性貧血 アク...セイヒンケツ アクセイヒンケツ Thesaurus2015 200906044106165134 C LS51 UNKNOWN_2 Addison 貧血

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: 暴力 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

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Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 暴力 名詞 一般 * * * * 暴力行為 ボウリョクコウイ ボーリョクコーイ Thesaurus2015 200906019333335718 V LS51/IC01 名詞 暴力

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: Thiobacteriaceae [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term Thiobacteriaceae 名詞 一般 * * * * 硫黄代謝細菌...科 イオウタイシャサイキンカ イオータイシャサイキンカ Thesaurus2015 200906069278884127 C LS07 UNKNOWN_1 Thiobacteriaceae

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: GA [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term GA 名詞 一般 * * * * 遺伝的アルゴリズム イデンテキアルゴリズム イデンテキアルゴリズム Thesaurus2015 200906071793204400 C BE01 MULTI_WORD G A

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: Dewar瓶 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term Dewar瓶 名詞 一般 * * * * Ｄｅｗａｒ瓶 Ｄｅｗａｒ...ビン ディーイーダブリューエイアールビン Thesaurus2015 200906080475304888 C MH01 UNKNOWN_2 Dewar 瓶

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: NDVI [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term NDVI 名詞 一般 * * * * 正規化植生指数 セイキカショクセイシスウ セイキカショクセイシスー Thesaurus2015 200906004799738475 C KA01 UNKNOWN_1 NDVI

Structure functions and particle production in the cumulative region: two different exponentials

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Braun, M.; Vechernin, V.

1997-01-01

In the framework of the recently proposed (QCD-based parton model for the cumulative phenomena in the interactions with nuclei two mechanisms for particle production, direct and spectator ones, are analyzed. It is shown that due to final-state interactions the leading terms of the direct mechanism contribution are cancelled and the spectator mechanism is the dominant one. It leads to a smaller slope of the cumulative particle production rates compared to the slope of the nuclear structure function in the cumulative region x ≥ 1, in agreement with the recent experimental data

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: 工学技術 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 工学技術 名詞 一般 * * * * 工学 コウガク コーガク Thesaurus2015 200906048354177870 V IA10 MULTI_WORD 工学 技術

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: 歯の咬合 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

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Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 歯の咬合 名詞 一般 * * * * 咬合 コウゴウ コーゴー Thesaurus2015 200906003395802998 V LS16 UNKNOWN_2 歯 の 咬合

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: エコノミ [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

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Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term エコノミ 名詞 一般 * * * * 経済 ケイザイ ケイザイ Thesaurus2015 200906008393315870 V BB01 MULTI_WORD エコ ノミ

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: 豆科植物 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

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Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 豆科植物 名詞 一般 * * * * マメ科 マメカ マメカ Thesaurus2015 200906076495469266 V LS06 MULTI_WORD 豆 科 植物

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: 測地調査 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

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Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 測地調査 名詞 サ変接続 * * * * 測地 ソクチ ソクチ Thesaurus2015 200906082418242658 V GC16 MULTI_WORD 測地 調査

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: ひもじさ [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term ひもじさ 名詞 一般 * * * * 空腹 クウフク クーフク Thesaurus2015 200906019285960915 V LS12 MULTI_WORD ひもじ さ

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: 辞書(as Topic) [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

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Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 辞書(as Topic) 名詞 一般 * * * * 辞書 ジショ ジショ Thesaurus2015 200906028477984205 C BA01 UNKNOWN_2 辞書 ( a s Topic )

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: 架橋工事 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 架橋工事 名詞 サ変接続 * * * * 架設 カセツ カセツ Thesaurus2015 200906036619330669 V AA36 MULTI_WORD 架橋 工事

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: 数学関数 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 数学関数 名詞 一般 * * * * 関数 カンスウ カンスー Thesaurus2015 200906054967554560 V PB01 MULTI_WORD 数学 関数

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: 刷り込み [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

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Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 刷り込み 名詞 一般 * * * * 刷込 スリコミ スリコミ Thesaurus2015 200906020896061833 V LS20 MULTI_WORD 刷り 込み

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: 律速段階 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 律速段階 名詞 一般 * * * * 律速 リッソク リッソク Thesaurus2015 200906037301863354 V IA07 MULTI_WORD 律速 段階

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: 視覚認識 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

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Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 視覚認識 名詞 サ変接続 * * * * 視認 シニン シニン Thesaurus2015 200906059666964692 V PA05 MULTI_WORD 視覚 認識

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: 組成成分 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 組成成分 名詞 一般 * * * * 成分 セイブン セイブン Thesaurus2015 200906080991723625 V IA09 MULTI_WORD 組成 成分

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: 電話通信 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 電話通信 名詞 サ変接続 * * * * 電話 デンワ デンワ Thesaurus2015 200906005172979082 V EF11 MULTI_WORD 電話 通信

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: 漢方医学 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 漢方医学 名詞 一般 * * * * 漢方 カンポウ カンポー Thesaurus2015 200906042523225309 V LS52 MULTI_WORD 漢方 医学

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: 凍結土壌 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 凍結土壌 名詞 一般 * * * * 凍土 トウド トード Thesaurus2015 200906036148300349 V AA33/LS62 MULTI_WORD 凍結 土壌

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: 土壌温度 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 土壌温度 名詞 一般 * * * * 地温 チオン チオン Thesaurus2015 200906061920511258 V GC19/LS62 MULTI_WORD 土壌 温度

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: 記憶保持 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 記憶保持 名詞 サ変接続 * * * * 記銘 キメイ キメイ Thesaurus2015 200906005684580840 V IC01 MULTI_WORD 記憶 保持

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: 未来予測 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 未来予測 名詞 サ変接続 * * * * 予測 ヨソク ヨソク Thesaurus2015 200906051276227734 V IA06 MULTI_WORD 未来 予測

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: 将来予測 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 将来予測 名詞 サ変接続 * * * * 予測 ヨソク ヨソク Thesaurus2015 200906051276227734 V IA06 MULTI_WORD 将来 予測

Complexity and demographic explanations of cumulative culture

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Querbes, A.; Vaesen, K.; Houkes, W.N.

2014-01-01

Formal models have linked prehistoric and historical instances of technological change (e.g., the Upper Paleolithic transition, cultural loss in Holocene Tasmania, scientific progress since the late nineteenth century) to demographic change. According to these models, cumulation of technological

Fragmentation of tensor polarized deuterons into cumulative pions

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Afanas'ev, S.; Arkhipov, V.; Bondarev, V.

1998-01-01

The tensor analyzing power T 20 of the reaction d polarized + A → π - (0 0 ) + X has been measured in the fragmentation of 9 GeV tensor polarized deuterons into pions with momenta from 3.5 to 5.3 GeV/c on hydrogen, beryllium and carbon targets. This kinematic range corresponds to the region of cumulative hadron production with the cumulative variable x c from 1.08 to 1.76. The values of T 20 have been found to be small and consistent with positive values. This contradicts the predictions based on a direct mechanism assuming NN collision between a high momentum nucleon in the deuteron and a target nucleon (NN → NNπ)

Cumulants of heat transfer across nonlinear quantum systems

Science.gov (United States)

Li, Huanan; Agarwalla, Bijay Kumar; Li, Baowen; Wang, Jian-Sheng

2013-12-01

We consider thermal conduction across a general nonlinear phononic junction. Based on two-time observation protocol and the nonequilibrium Green's function method, heat transfer in steady-state regimes is studied, and practical formulas for the calculation of the cumulant generating function are obtained. As an application, the general formalism is used to study anharmonic effects on fluctuation of steady-state heat transfer across a single-site junction with a quartic nonlinear on-site pinning potential. An explicit nonlinear modification to the cumulant generating function exact up to the first order is given, in which the Gallavotti-Cohen fluctuation symmetry is found still valid. Numerically a self-consistent procedure is introduced, which works well for strong nonlinearity.

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: 準粒子 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 準粒子 名詞 一般 * * * * 準粒子 ジュンリュウシ ジュンリューシ Thesaurus2015 200906057616221114 C PA02 MULTI_WORD 準 粒子

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: 教育者 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 教育者 名詞 一般 * * * * 教育者 キョウイクシャ キョーイクシャ Thesaurus2015 200906063606794175 C BJ01 MULTI_WORD 教育 者

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: 性教育 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 性教育 名詞 一般 * * * * 性教育 セイキョウイク セイキョーイク Thesaurus2015 200906055734154950 C BJ01 名詞 性教育

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: 医工学 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 医工学 名詞 一般 * * * * 医用工学 イヨウコウガク イヨーコウガク Thesaurus2015 200906026585377142 V MB02 MULTI_WORD 医 工学

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: 聴知覚 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 聴知覚 名詞 サ変接続 * * * * 聴知覚 チョウチカク チョーチカク Thesaurus2015 200906078009041910 C IC01 UNKNOWN_2 聴 知覚

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: 演算法 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 演算法 名詞 一般 * * * * アルゴリズム アルゴリズム アルゴリズム Thesaurus2015 200906048949676101 V BE01 MULTI_WORD 演算 法

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: 熱管理 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 熱管理 名詞 サ変接続 * * * * 熱管理 ネツカンリ ネツカンリ Thesaurus2015 200906033204266427 C CC08 MULTI_WORD 熱 管理

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: 水管理 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 水管理 名詞 サ変接続 * * * * 水管理 ミズカンリ ミズカンリ Thesaurus2015 200906062042752934 C AC20 MULTI_WORD 水 管理

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: 群管理 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 群管理 名詞 サ変接続 * * * * 群管理 グンカンリ グンカンリ Thesaurus2015 200906044871472894 C IB03 MULTI_WORD 群 管理

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: 信頼域 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 信頼域 名詞 一般 * * * * 信頼区間 シンライクカン シンライクカン Thesaurus2015 200906078231719690 V BI01 MULTI_WORD 信頼 域

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: 栄養膜 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 栄養膜 名詞 一般 * * * * 栄養芽層 エイヨウガソウ エイヨーガソー Thesaurus2015 200906047340958333 V LS16 MULTI_WORD 栄養 膜

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: 小球菌 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 小球菌 名詞 一般 * * * * 球菌属 キュウキンゾク キューキンゾク Thesaurus2015 200906059928121799 V LS07 MULTI_WORD 小 球菌

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: 群分離 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 群分離 名詞 サ変接続 * * * * 群分離 グンブンリ グンブンリ Thesaurus2015 200906084295071422 C NA07 MULTI_WORD 群 分離

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: 相分離 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 相分離 名詞 サ変接続 * * * * 相分離 ソウブンリ ソーブンリ Thesaurus2015 200906034715684738 C PA02 MULTI_WORD 相 分離

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: 点溶接 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 点溶接 名詞 サ変接続 * * * * 点溶接 テンヨウセツ テンヨーセツ Thesaurus2015 200906034095586099 C GA07 MULTI_WORD 点 溶接

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: 写真像 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 写真像 名詞 一般 * * * * 写真像 シャシンゾウ シャシンゾー Thesaurus2015 200906041522794494 C CC18/EB11 MULTI_WORD 写真 像

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: 柱状図 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 柱状図 名詞 一般 * * * * ヒストグラム ヒストグラム ヒストグラム Thesaurus2015 200906011662644330 V IA11 MULTI_WORD 柱状 図

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: 香辛料 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 香辛料 名詞 一般 * * * * 香辛料 コウシンリョウ コーシンリョー Thesaurus2015 200906038818853584 C LS72 名詞 香辛料

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: 香味料 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 香味料 名詞 一般 * * * * 香辛料 コウシンリョウ コーシンリョー Thesaurus2015 200906038818853584 V LS72 名詞 香味料

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: 小児科 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 小児科 名詞 一般 * * * * 小児科学 ショウニカガク ショーニカガク Thesaurus2015 200906053021703845 V LS52 名詞 小児科

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: 核形成 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 核形成 名詞 サ変接続 * * * * 核形成 カクケイセイ カクケイセイ Thesaurus2015 200906085182078745 C PA08 MULTI_WORD 核 形成

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: ソフト [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term ソフト 名詞 一般 * * * * ソフトウェア ソフトウェア ソフトウェア Thesaurus2015 200906088096228288 V EG01 名詞 ソフト

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: 抑圧子 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 抑圧子 名詞 一般 * * * * レプレッサー レプレッサー レプレッサー Thesaurus2015 200906000249036494 V LS18 MULTI_WORD 抑圧 子

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: 糖組成 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 糖組成 名詞 サ変接続 * * * * 糖組成 トウソセイ トーソセイ Thesaurus2015 200906025190090859 C CA01/LS31 MULTI_WORD 糖 組成

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: 相組成 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 相組成 名詞 サ変接続 * * * * 相組成 ソウソセイ ソーソセイ Thesaurus2015 200906000647588588 C GA15/PA02 MULTI_WORD 相 組成

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: 脳科学 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 脳科学 名詞 一般 * * * * 神経科学 シンケイカガク シンケイカガク Thesaurus2015 200906053291351622 V LS52 MULTI_WORD 脳 科学

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: 音環境 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 音環境 名詞 一般 * * * * 音環境 オトカンキョウ オトカンキョー Thesaurus2015 200906076792401964 C PA03 MULTI_WORD 音 環境

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: 環境税 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 環境税 名詞 一般 * * * * 環境税 カンキョウゼイ カンキョーゼイ Thesaurus2015 200906080192942870 C KA01 MULTI_WORD 環境 税

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: potato virus Y [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term potato virus Y 名詞 一般 * * * * ポチウイ...ルス ポチウイルス ポチウイルス Thesaurus2015 200906013467309480 C LS07 UNKNOWN_2 potato virus Y

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: 予算組 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 予算組 名詞 一般 * * * * 予算編成 ヨサンヘンセイ ヨサンヘンセイ Thesaurus2015 200906026455425790 V BH01 MULTI_WORD 予算 組

JST Thesaurus Headwords and Synonyms: 老人医学 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 老人医学 名詞 一般 * * * * 老人医学 ロウジンイガク ロージンイガク Thesaurus2015 200906084470033555 C LS52 MULTI_WORD 老人 医学