48 CFR 1699.70 - Cost accounting standards.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 6 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 true Cost accounting standards... EMPLOYEES HEALTH BENEFITS ACQUISITION REGULATION CLAUSES AND FORMS COST ACCOUNTING STANDARDS Cost Accounting Standards 1699.70 Cost accounting standards. With respect to all experience-rated contracts currently...

The business of radiology: cost accounting.

Science.gov (United States)

Camponovo, Ernest J

2004-08-01

Radiology practices confront questions of resource allocation every day. Unfortunately, practices frequently fail to adequately analyze revenues and expenses, which are at the heart of success or failure in any business endeavor. Cost allocation problems permeate nearly all aspects of cost analysis and accumulation and exist throughout all types of private-sector and public-sector organizations. "Managerial" or "cost" accounting is the discipline concerned with measuring and assigning the costs of delivering services or producing products. In contrast to financial accounting, management accounting produces relevant information for internal decision making and in general is designed to answer a firm's specific operational questions. Because costs play such a critical role in deriving and planning for revenues and profits, managerial accounting is in large part devoted to measuring and accumulating costs with the aims of control and continuous cost reduction. Because radiologists' salaries are at record highs, when accounting for a practice's clinical activities, such as the provision of mammography services, some allocation of radiologist costs themselves must be made, or the practice will not be able to achieve its goal of efficient allocation of resources. Whatever cost-accounting method is used should be specific enough to allow the differentiation of costs to as detailed a level as necessary for the strategic decision at hand. It is imperative that a practice use some rational method to gather and analyze costs and that management then use these data in decision making. Successful practices will be those most aware of their costs and the minimum acceptable reimbursements necessary for their success.

Cost accounting in ECN

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wout, E.L.; Bever Donker, J.M. van.

1979-01-01

A five year planning is made in which the available money is distributed to the expected programmes. This five year plan is used as basis for working plan and budget for the next year. In the working plan all financial means are divided into kinds of costs, cost centres and cost units. Based on this working plan and the relevant budgets the tariffs are calculated per working centre (cost centre). The tariffs are fixed for a whole year. Up till now these tariffs are also basis for the cost unit accounting at the end of the year together with the results of the time registration. The estimated work shop services for the working centres are included in the tariffs. For the allocation of overhead costs ECN uses dynamic keys. Depreciation costs with respect to instruments, investments etc. are determined per working centre according to a computer programme. The cost unit related costs are charged directly to cost unit. This implies that project related in instruments are looked upon as running costs. In the future we will try to refine the present cost accounting system still further in this way that we will look upon a cost centre as a profit centre. Furthermore we will try to analyse the tariff and calculation deviations and under/over occupation deviations afterwards (post calculation). The information provided to the management knows a hierachic construction: project information to projectleader, programme (compound projects) information to programme coordinator, cost centre summary to department heads, attention area (compound programme) information to programme coordinator and managing director, ECN research (compound attention areas) information to general management, information re kind of costs to relevant persons, f.e. surveys of expenditure for part time personnel to personnel bureau. The information is provided by the department of Finance and Administrative Organisation. The entire scope of cost accounting is the responsibility of the head of the department

48 CFR 9903.101 - Cost Accounting Standards.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 7 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Cost Accounting Standards. 9903.101 Section 9903.101 Federal Acquisition Regulations System COST ACCOUNTING STANDARDS BOARD... ACCOUNTING STANDARDS CONTRACT COVERAGE General 9903.101 Cost Accounting Standards. Public Law 100-679 (41 U.S...

48 CFR 9904.405 - Accounting for unallowable costs.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-10-01

... costs. 9904.405 Section 9904.405 Federal Acquisition Regulations System COST ACCOUNTING STANDARDS BOARD, OFFICE OF FEDERAL PROCUREMENT POLICY, OFFICE OF MANAGEMENT AND BUDGET PROCUREMENT PRACTICES AND COST ACCOUNTING STANDARDS COST ACCOUNTING STANDARDS 9904.405 Accounting for unallowable costs. ...

48 CFR 9904.416 - Accounting for insurance costs.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 7 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Accounting for insurance costs. 9904.416 Section 9904.416 Federal Acquisition Regulations System COST ACCOUNTING STANDARDS BOARD... ACCOUNTING STANDARDS COST ACCOUNTING STANDARDS 9904.416 Accounting for insurance costs. ...

Implementing a trustworthy cost-accounting model.

Science.gov (United States)

Spence, Jay; Seargeant, Dan

2015-03-01

Hospitals and health systems can develop an effective cost-accounting model and maximize the effectiveness of their cost-accounting teams by focusing on six key areas: Implementing an enhanced data model. Reconciling data efficiently. Accommodating multiple cost-modeling techniques. Improving transparency of cost allocations. Securing department manager participation. Providing essential education and training to staff members and stakeholders.

48 CFR 12.214 - Cost Accounting Standards.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Cost Accounting Standards. 12.214 Section 12.214 Federal Acquisition Regulations System FEDERAL ACQUISITION REGULATION... Items 12.214 Cost Accounting Standards. Cost Accounting Standards (CAS) do not apply to contracts and...

New Federal Cost Accounting Regulations

Science.gov (United States)

Wolff, George J.; Handzo, Joseph J.

1973-01-01

Discusses a new set of indirect cost accounting procedures which must be followed by school districts wishing to recover any indirect costs of administering federal grants and contracts. Also discusses the amount of indirect costs that may be recovered, computing indirect costs, classifying project costs, and restricted grants. (Author/DN)

PROSPECTS OF MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING AND COST CALCULATION

OpenAIRE

Marian TAICU

2014-01-01

Progress in improving production technology requires appropriate measures to achieve an efficient management of costs. This raises the need for continuous improvement of management accounting and cost calculation. Accounting information in general, and management accounting information in particular, have gained importance in the current economic conditions, which are characterized by risk and uncertainty. The future development of management accounting and cost calculation is essential to me...

THE ROLE OF ETHICS FOR COST ACCOUNTING PROFESSSIONALS

OpenAIRE

Petru Stefea; Nita Cornel Gabriel

2014-01-01

The purpose of this paper is to improve the understood importance of ethics for cost accounting professionals as a tool for successful cost accounting system. Also, present study is outpointing the implications of ethical conduct over the cost accounting system and, also, a review of ethical standards and principles for cost accounting professionals. The value contribution of this paper comes from a critical review of the ethics of cost accounting professionals presented by the most important...

[Relating costs to activities in hospitals. Use of internal cost accounting].

Science.gov (United States)

Stavem, K

1995-01-10

During the last few years hospital cost accounting has become widespread in many countries, in parallel with increasing cost pressure, greater competition and new financing schemes. Cost accounting has been used in the manufacturing industry for many years. Costs can be related to activities and production, e.g. by the costing of procedures, episodes of care and other internally defined cost objectives. Norwegian hospitals have lagged behind in the adoption of cost accounting. They ought to act quickly if they want to be prepared for possible changes in health care financing. The benefits can be considerable to a hospital operating in a rapidly changing health care environment.

Cost Accounting for Decision Makers.

Science.gov (United States)

Kaneklides, Ann L.

1985-01-01

Underscores the importance of informed decision making through accurate anticipation of cost incurrence in light of changing economic and environmental conditions. Explains the concepts of cost accounting, full allocation of costs, the selection of an allocation base, the allocation of indirect costs, depreciation, and implications for community…

Cost Accounting in the Automated Manufacturing Environment

Science.gov (United States)

1988-06-01

1 NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL M terey, California 0 DTIC II ELECTE R AD%$° NO 0,19880 -- THESIS COST ACCOUNTING IN THE AUTOMATED MANUFACTURING...PROJECT TASK WORK UNIT ELEMENT NO. NO NO ACCESSION NO 11. TITLE (Include Security Classification) E COST ACCOUNTING IN THE AUTOMATED MANUFACTURING...GROUP ’" Cost Accounting ; Product Costing ; Automated Manufacturing; CAD/CAM- CIM 19 ABSTRACT (Continue on reverse if necessary and identify by blo

Principles and methods of managerial cost-accounting systems.

Science.gov (United States)

Suver, J D; Cooper, J C

1988-01-01

An introduction to cost-accounting systems for pharmacy managers is provided; terms are defined and examples of specific applications are given. Cost-accounting systems determine, record, and report the resources consumed in providing services. An effective cost-accounting system must provide the information needed for both internal and external reports. In accounting terms, cost is the value given up to secure an asset. In determining how volumes of activity affect costs, fixed costs and variable costs are calculated; applications include pricing strategies, cost determinations, and break-even analysis. Also discussed are the concepts of direct and indirect costs, opportunity costs, and incremental and sunk costs. For most pharmacy department services, process costing, an accounting of intermediate outputs and homogeneous units, is used; in determining the full cost of providing a product or service (e.g., patient stay), job-order costing is used. Development of work-performance standards is necessary for monitoring productivity and determining product costs. In allocating pharmacy department costs, a ratio of costs to charges can be used; this method is convenient, but microcosting (specific identification of the costs of products) is more accurate. Pharmacy managers can use cost-accounting systems to evaluate the pharmacy's strategies, policies, and services and to improve budgets and reports.

48 CFR 9903.302-1 - Cost accounting practice.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-10-01

..., or measurement of cost. (a) Measurement of cost, as used in this part, encompasses accounting methods... practice. Examples of cost accounting practices which involve measurement of costs are— (1) The use of... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 7 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Cost accounting practice...

PROSPECTS OF MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING AND COST CALCULATION

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Marian ŢAICU

2014-11-01

Full Text Available Progress in improving production technology requires appropriate measures to achieve an efficient management of costs. This raises the need for continuous improvement of management accounting and cost calculation. Accounting information in general, and management accounting information in particular, have gained importance in the current economic conditions, which are characterized by risk and uncertainty. The future development of management accounting and cost calculation is essential to meet the information needs of management.

48 CFR 9903.307 - Cost Accounting Standards Preambles.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 7 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Cost Accounting Standards Preambles. 9903.307 Section 9903.307 Federal Acquisition Regulations System COST ACCOUNTING STANDARDS BOARD... ACCOUNTING STANDARDS CONTRACT COVERAGE CAS Rules and Regulations 9903.307 Cost Accounting Standards Preambles...

Cost Accounting, Business Education: 7709.41.

Science.gov (United States)

Carino, Mariano G.

Cost accounting principles and procedures provide students with sufficient background to apply cost accounting factors to service and manufacturing businesses. Overhead, materials, goods in process, and finished goods are emphasized. Students complete a practice set in the course, which has guidelines, performance objectives, learning activities…

48 CFR 9905.506 - Cost accounting period-Educational institutions.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 7 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Cost accounting period-Educational institutions. 9905.506 Section 9905.506 Federal Acquisition Regulations System COST ACCOUNTING... AND COST ACCOUNTING STANDARDS COST ACCOUNTING STANDARDS FOR EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS 9905.506 Cost...

48 CFR 9904.401 - Cost accounting standard-consistency in estimating, accumulating and reporting costs.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-10-01

... Regulations System COST ACCOUNTING STANDARDS BOARD, OFFICE OF FEDERAL PROCUREMENT POLICY, OFFICE OF MANAGEMENT AND BUDGET PROCUREMENT PRACTICES AND COST ACCOUNTING STANDARDS COST ACCOUNTING STANDARDS 9904.401 Cost... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 7 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Cost accounting standard...

Evaluation of Uniform Cost Accounting System to Fully Capture Depot Level Repair Costs.

Science.gov (United States)

1985-12-01

RD-RI65 522 EVALUATION OF UNIFORM COST ACCOUNTING SYSTEM TO FULLY i/I CAPTURE DEPOT LEVEL REPAIR COSTS (U) NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA D R...8217.LECTE B ,- THESIS EVALUATION OF UNIFORM COST ACCOUNTING SYSTEM 0TO FULLY CAPTURE DEPOT LEVEL REPAIR COSTS Jby __jDavid Richmond O’Brien lj,,, December...Include Security Classification) EVALUATION OF UNIFORM COST ACCOUNTING SYSTEM TO FULLY CAPTURE DEPOT LEVEL REPAIR COSTS 12 PERSONAL AUTHOR(S) O’Brien- David

Cost accounting at the Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron = DESY

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

1979-01-01

The cost accounting procedure, consisting of accountings of cost type, burden centers and over-all projects, makes available comprehensive information at regular intervals. This procedure assists in the acquisition of data concerning the costs of the individual projects, data which at the same time form the basis for determining internal services which can be activated or for the invoicing of outside contracts. In addition, the cost accounting can insure a detailed comparison of debits and assests, if corresponding standards are established for cost type, burden centers and over-all projects. The cost accounting print-outs, published quarterly, are put at the disposal of the project commission, among others, which oversees the handling of technical projects, from project application through the planning stage and execution until completion. Further evaluations are planned, in particular, concerning the introduction of company code numbers as well as the projection of cost accounting results into future planning considerations. (author)

The utilization of activity-based cost accounting in hospitals.

Science.gov (United States)

Emmett, Dennis; Forget, Robert

2005-01-01

Healthcare costs are being examined on all fronts. Healthcare accounts for 11% of the gross national product and will continue to rise as the "babyboomers" reach retirement age. While ascertaining costs is important, most research shows that costing methods have not been implemented in hospitals. This study is concerned with the use of costing methods; particularly activity-based cost accounting. A mail survey of CFOs was undertaken to determine the type of cost accounting method they use. In addition, they were asked whether they were aware of activity-based cost accounting and whether they had implemented it or were planning to implement it. Only 71.8% were aware of it and only 4.7% had implemented it. In addition, only 52% of all hospitals report using any cost accounting systems. Education needs to ensure that all healthcare executives are cognizant of activity-based accounting and its importance in determining costs. Only by determining costs can hospitals strive to contain them.

48 CFR 52.230-2 - Cost Accounting Standards.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 2 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Cost Accounting Standards....230-2 Cost Accounting Standards. As prescribed in 30.201-4(a), insert the following clause: Cost Accounting Standards (OCT 2010) (a) Unless the contract is exempt under 48 CFR 9903.201-1 and 9903.201-2, the...

Possibilities of implementing modern philosophy of cost accounting: The case study of costs in tourism

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Milenković Zoran

2015-01-01

Full Text Available Efficient cost management is one of the key tasks in modern management, primarily because of causal connection of costs, profitability and competitive advantage on the market. As a market-based concept, Target Costing represents modern accounting philosophy of cost accounting and profit planning. In modern business, efficient cost planning and management is provided by accounting information system as an integrated accounting and information solution which supplies enterprises with accounting data processing necessary for making business decisions related to the efficient management in accordance with the declared mission and goals of an enterprise. Basic information support in the process of planning and cost management is carried out by the cost accounting module which is a very important part of the accounting information system in every enterprise. The cost monitoring is provided according to the type, place and bearer within the cost accounting module as a segment of an integral accounting information system.

48 CFR 9904.414 - Cost accounting standard-cost of money as an element of the cost of facilities capital.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 7 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Cost accounting standard... Acquisition Regulations System COST ACCOUNTING STANDARDS BOARD, OFFICE OF FEDERAL PROCUREMENT POLICY, OFFICE OF MANAGEMENT AND BUDGET PROCUREMENT PRACTICES AND COST ACCOUNTING STANDARDS COST ACCOUNTING...

Cost Accounting: Production and Equipment Services.

Science.gov (United States)

Schmid, William T.

Cost accounting for audiovisual productions should include direct costs, and, in some cases, the media administrator may have to calculate a per-hour surcharge for general operating overhead as well. Such procedures enable the administrator to determine cost effectiveness, to control cost overruns, and to generate more staff efficiency. Cost…

48 CFR 1652.216-71 - Accounting and Allowable Cost.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-10-01

... of FEHBP Clauses 1652.216-71 Accounting and Allowable Cost. As prescribed in section 1616.7002, the...). Accounting and Allowable Cost (FEHBAR 1652.216-71) (JAN 2003) (a) Annual Accounting Statements. (1) The... addition, the Carrier must: (i) on request, document and make available accounting support for the cost to...

48 CFR 9904.420 - Accounting for independent research and development costs and bid and proposal costs.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-10-01

... Regulations System COST ACCOUNTING STANDARDS BOARD, OFFICE OF FEDERAL PROCUREMENT POLICY, OFFICE OF MANAGEMENT AND BUDGET PROCUREMENT PRACTICES AND COST ACCOUNTING STANDARDS COST ACCOUNTING STANDARDS 9904.420 Accounting for independent research and development costs and bid and proposal costs. ...

Cost accounting at the Kernforschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbH

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Neck, E.

1979-01-01

A presentation of the Nuclear Research Center Karlsruhe and its main research activities is given. Company structure, planning and control system in the R and D field are explained. The cost accounting system of the Nuclear Research Center Karlsruhe is discussed in detail, a survey of cost accounting as practiced by other German research establishments and comments on cost accounting as a tool of performance gauging are given. (A.N.)

48 CFR 9904.402 - Cost accounting standard-consistency in allocating costs incurred for the same purpose.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-10-01

... Regulations System COST ACCOUNTING STANDARDS BOARD, OFFICE OF FEDERAL PROCUREMENT POLICY, OFFICE OF MANAGEMENT AND BUDGET PROCUREMENT PRACTICES AND COST ACCOUNTING STANDARDS COST ACCOUNTING STANDARDS 9904.402 Cost... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 7 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Cost accounting standard...

48 CFR 2152.231-70 - Accounting and allowable cost.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-10-01

... allowable cost. As prescribed in 2131.270, insert the following clause: Accounting and Allowable Cost (OCT... cost; (ii) Incurred with proper justification and accounting support; (iii) Determined in accordance... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 6 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 true Accounting and allowable...

48 CFR 30.102 - Cost Accounting Standards Board publication.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Cost Accounting Standards... REGULATION GENERAL CONTRACTING REQUIREMENTS COST ACCOUNTING STANDARDS ADMINISTRATION General 30.102 Cost Accounting Standards Board publication. Copies of the CASB Standards and Regulations are printed in title 48...

Accounting costs of transactions in real estate

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Stubkjær, Erik

2005-01-01

in relating theoretical conceptualizations of transaction costs to national accounting and further to the identification and quantification of actions on units of real estate. The notion of satellite accounting of the System of National Accounts is applied to the segment of society concerned with changes......The costs of transactions in real estate is of importance for households, for investors, for statistical services, for governmental and international bodies concerned with the efficient delivery of basic state functions, as well as for research. The paper takes a multi-disciplinary approach...... in real estate. The paper ends up with an estimate of the cost of a major real property transaction in Denmark....

14 CFR 1274.919 - Cost principles and accounting standards.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Cost principles and accounting standards... principles and accounting standards. Cost Principles and Accounting Standards July 2002 The expenditure of... Recipient (See clause entitled “Resource Sharing Requirements”) shall be governed by the FAR cost principles...

48 CFR 9905.501 - Cost accounting standard-consistency in estimating, accumulating and reporting costs by...

Science.gov (United States)

2010-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 7 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Cost accounting standard....501 Federal Acquisition Regulations System COST ACCOUNTING STANDARDS BOARD, OFFICE OF FEDERAL PROCUREMENT POLICY, OFFICE OF MANAGEMENT AND BUDGET PROCUREMENT PRACTICES AND COST ACCOUNTING STANDARDS COST...

48 CFR 9904.408 - Accounting for costs of compensated personal absence.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 7 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Accounting for costs of compensated personal absence. 9904.408 Section 9904.408 Federal Acquisition Regulations System COST ACCOUNTING... AND COST ACCOUNTING STANDARDS COST ACCOUNTING STANDARDS 9904.408 Accounting for costs of compensated...

48 CFR 9904.415 - Accounting for the cost of deferred compensation.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 7 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Accounting for the cost of deferred compensation. 9904.415 Section 9904.415 Federal Acquisition Regulations System COST ACCOUNTING... AND COST ACCOUNTING STANDARDS COST ACCOUNTING STANDARDS 9904.415 Accounting for the cost of deferred...

Cost accounting in Kernforschungsanlage Juelich Gesellschaft mit beschraenkter Haftung (KFA)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Seidel, G.; Schilling, H.

1979-01-01

The paper gives an overview about the organization and the research program of the Kernforschungsanalage Juelich Gesellschaft mit beschraenkter Haftung (KFA). The cost accounting system is discussed in detail, cost categories, cost centers, units of production and the data flow of the cost accounting are described. The distribution of the resulting management accounting reports and all sorts of EDP-result listings of the cost accounting system is described. (A.N.)

Changing World, Unchanging Accounting? Cost Systems for Hungarian Agricultural Companies

OpenAIRE

Zoltán Musinszki

2011-01-01

The literature of agricultural cost accounting has defined the definition of cost centres and cost bearers, the contents of the accounts, the procedures and methods for cost accounting and unit cost calculation without any significant changes for decades now. Do the agricultural companies set up and operate their own cost allocation and unit cost calculation systems on procedures made for state owned farms and cooperatives, or do they align their cost system with the challenges of our times? ...

48 CFR 9904.412 - Cost accounting standard for composition and measurement of pension cost.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-10-01

... accounting standard for composition and measurement of pension cost. ... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 7 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Cost accounting standard for composition and measurement of pension cost. 9904.412 Section 9904.412 Federal Acquisition...

Environmental Cost Accounting Information and Strategic Business Decision in Nigeria

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ebipanipre Gabriel Mieseigha

2014-08-01

Full Text Available This study aimed at examining environmental cost accounting information and strategic business decision in Nigeria. The general assumption that conventional cost accounting does not have the ability to provide absolute information for evaluating the environmental behaviour of an organization and its economic consequences has motivated this study. Towards achieving this, secondary data was employed and a linear model was specified. Findings indicated that environmental cost accounting information as it relates to strategic business decision is valuerelevant. It was on this note that we recommended firms to constantly reposition their accounting system in order to provide information on environmental costs so that the true costs in an organization can be ascertained and properly allocated. Also, due attention should be paid to waste management costs, employee health costs, investment financing costs, compliance and environmental costs and all environmental related costs by manufacturing concerns since they influence strategic decision. Our study is one of those that have explored the issue of environmental cost accounting relevance in strategic business decision in the Nigerian context.

Procurement Contracting Officer’s Guide to Cost Accounting Standards,

Science.gov (United States)

1977-09-01

ACCESSION MO r P.R0CUR2K2NT CONTRACTING ^FFICDR’S %UID2 TO COST ACCOUNTING STANDARDS. .-IB’ i 4fiSj irPBVPWra ONOANIZATION NAME MB AOONESS...discussing the history and development of Cost Accounting Standards, the functions of the Cost Accounting Standards Board, and the methodology...20. Abstract (continued) the tasks that Cost Accounting Standards have placed on the procurement officer. 3y understanding these tasks the

Accounting for Health and Safety costs

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Rikhardsson, Pall M.

A part of the emerging sustainability management accounting is corporate health and safety performance. One performance dimension is the costs of occupational accidents in companies. The underlying logic for calculating these costs is that if occupational accidents are prevented then these costs...... could be avoided. This chapter presents and discusses selected methods for calculating the costs of occupational accidents. The focus is on presenting the characteristics of each method and disclosing the benefits and drawbacks of each method...

48 CFR 9903.302-2 - Change to a cost accounting practice.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-10-01

... Disclosure Statement, except for the following: (a) The initial adoption of a cost accounting practice for... accounting practice. 9903.302-2 Section 9903.302-2 Federal Acquisition Regulations System COST ACCOUNTING... AND COST ACCOUNTING STANDARDS CONTRACT COVERAGE CAS Rules and Regulations 9903.302-2 Change to a cost...

48 CFR 9905.505 - Accounting for unallowable costs-Educational institutions.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-10-01

... PRACTICES AND COST ACCOUNTING STANDARDS COST ACCOUNTING STANDARDS FOR EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS 9905.505 Accounting for unallowable costs—Educational institutions. ... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 7 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Accounting for unallowable...

ACCOUNTING PARADIGMS WHICH FAVOR HISTORICAL COST

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Valentin Gabriel CRISTEA

2014-05-01

Full Text Available Henning Kirkegaard shows that the evolution of accounting is to shift from one paradigm to another . Business continuity perspective should guide the company into the future , without confine it exclusively in the past. Accounting in its classical form , however, can not be dissociated from the historical cost evaluation .

48 CFR 52.230-6 - Administration of Cost Accounting Standards.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-10-01

... Clauses 52.230-6 Administration of Cost Accounting Standards. As prescribed in 30.201-4(d)(1), insert the following clause: Administration of Cost Accounting Standards (JUN 2010) For the purpose of administering the Cost Accounting Standards (CAS) requirements under this contract, the Contractor shall take the...

48 CFR 52.230-5 - Cost Accounting Standards-Educational Institution.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 2 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Cost Accounting Standards... Clauses 52.230-5 Cost Accounting Standards—Educational Institution. As prescribed in 30.201-4(e), insert the following clause: Cost Accounting Standards—Educational Institution (OCT 2010) (a) Unless the...

Political versus managerial use of cost and performance accounting

OpenAIRE

Flury, Reto; Schedler, Kuno

2006-01-01

This article explains why it is impossible to use cost and performance accounting in public administration purely as an instrument for internal management. The authors report on a survey in Switzerland which highlighted the different expectations that politicians and managers have for cost and performance accounting. The authors warn that politicians and managers need to be aware of the conflicts arising from their different information needs. New cost and performance accounting systems need ...

A user-friendly approach to cost accounting in laboratory animal facilities.

Science.gov (United States)

Baker, David G

2011-08-19

Cost accounting is an essential management activity for laboratory animal facility management. In this report, the author describes basic principles of cost accounting and outlines steps for carrying out cost accounting in laboratory animal facilities. Methods of post hoc cost accounting analysis for maximizing the efficiency of facility operations are also described.

Price-Transparency and Cost Accounting

Science.gov (United States)

Eakin, Cynthia; Fischer, Katrina

2015-01-01

Health care reform is directed toward improving access and quality while containing costs. An essential part of this is improvement of pricing models to more accurately reflect the costs of providing care. Transparent prices that reflect costs are necessary to signal information to consumers and producers. This information is central in a consumer-driven marketplace. The rapid increase in high deductible insurance and other forms of cost sharing incentivizes the search for price information. The organizational ability to measure costs across a cycle of care is an integral component of creating value, and will play a greater role as reimbursements transition to episode-based care, value-based purchasing, and accountable care organization models. This article discusses use of activity-based costing (ABC) to better measure the cost of health care. It describes examples of ABC in health care organizations and discusses impediments to adoption in the United States including cultural and institutional barriers. PMID:25862425

Price-Transparency and Cost Accounting

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Peter Hilsenrath PhD

2015-04-01

Full Text Available Health care reform is directed toward improving access and quality while containing costs. An essential part of this is improvement of pricing models to more accurately reflect the costs of providing care. Transparent prices that reflect costs are necessary to signal information to consumers and producers. This information is central in a consumer-driven marketplace. The rapid increase in high deductible insurance and other forms of cost sharing incentivizes the search for price information. The organizational ability to measure costs across a cycle of care is an integral component of creating value, and will play a greater role as reimbursements transition to episode-based care, value-based purchasing, and accountable care organization models. This article discusses use of activity-based costing (ABC to better measure the cost of health care. It describes examples of ABC in health care organizations and discusses impediments to adoption in the United States including cultural and institutional barriers.

STUDI BANDING PENYUSUNAN LAPORAN KEUANGAN DENGAN METODE HISTORICAL COST ACCOUNTING DAN GENERAL PRICE LEVEL ACCOUNTING PADA MASA INFLASI

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

David Sukardi Kodrat

2006-01-01

Full Text Available Generally, Financial Statements are based on Historical Cost Accounting (HCA that assumes that prices are stable. Actually, there are several methods on accounting for the effect of changing prices, such as Current Cost Accounting (Replacement Cost Accounting and Constant Dollar Accounting or General Price Level Accounting (GPLA. GPLA will do restatement the components of financial statement to be a rupiah on a similar level of purchasing power, but without changes in accounting principles which using on conventional accounting. Financial statements made by GPLA are comparing to financial statements made by HCA. Both of financial statements are analysis with NOD (Number of Dollar attribute to know that financial statements are interpretative and analysis with COG (Command of Good attribute to know that financial statements are relevant. Abstract in Bahasa Indonesia : Laporan keuangan disusun berdasarkan metode Historical Cost Accounting (HCA yang menggunakan asumsi nilai tukar stabil. Beberapa metode akuntansi yang memperhitungkan perubahan nilai tukar seperti Current Cost Accounting (Replacement Cost Accounting dan Constant Dollar Accounting atau General Price Level Accounting (GPLA. GPLA menyajikan komponen laporan keuangan berdasarkan penyesuaian rupiah dengan daya beli tanpa mengubah prinsip-prinsip akuntasi konvensional. Laporan keuangan yang disusun dengan GPLA dapat diperbandingkan dengan laporan keuangan berdasarkan HCA. Dengan analisa NOD (Number of Dollar dan COG (Command Over Good attribute menunjukkan bahwa laporan keuangan berdasarkan GPLA lebih interpretatif dan lebih relevan. Kata Kunci: Laporan Keuangan, Historical Cost Accounting, General Price Level Accounting, NOD attribute, COG attribute.

17 CFR 256.01-5 - Determination of service cost accounting.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-04-01

... accounting. Service at cost and fair allocation of costs require, first of all, an accurate accounting for... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 3 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Determination of service cost accounting. 256.01-5 Section 256.01-5 Commodity and Securities Exchanges SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION...

VALUATION FOR BIOLOGICAL ASSETS WITH HISTORICAL COST ACCOUNTING OR FAIR VALUE ACCOUNTING ?

OpenAIRE

Valentin Gabriel CRISTEA

2017-01-01

The valuation for biological assets is regulated by IAS 41. Interesting debate is what valuation models it is better to use: historical cost accounting or fair value accounting? I will discuss advantages and disadvantages in this case.

Studi Banding Penyusunan Laporan Keuangan Dengan Metode Historical Cost Accounting Dan General Price Level Accounting Pada Masa Inflasi

OpenAIRE

Kodrat, David Sukardi

2006-01-01

Generally, Financial Statements are based on Historical Cost Accounting (HCA) that assumes that prices are stable. Actually, there are several methods on accounting for the effect of changing prices, such as Current Cost Accounting (Replacement Cost Accounting) and Constant Dollar Accounting or General Price Level Accounting (GPLA)). GPLA will do restatement the components of financial statement to be a rupiah on a similar level of purchasing power, but without changes in accounting principle...

STUDI BANDING PENYUSUNAN LAPORAN KEUANGAN DENGAN METODE HISTORICAL COST ACCOUNTING DAN GENERAL PRICE LEVEL ACCOUNTING PADA MASA INFLASI

OpenAIRE

David Sukardi Kodrat

2006-01-01

Generally, Financial Statements are based on Historical Cost Accounting (HCA) that assumes that prices are stable. Actually, there are several methods on accounting for the effect of changing prices, such as Current Cost Accounting (Replacement Cost Accounting) and Constant Dollar Accounting or General Price Level Accounting (GPLA)). GPLA will do restatement the components of financial statement to be a rupiah on a similar level of purchasing power, but without changes in accounting principle...

The development and change study of cost accounting in the IT environment

Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

Zilian Li; Qiumei Hu

2015-01-01

Relative to costs of computerized accounting, the cost accounting information further to get rid of the shackles of artificial accounting, reflecting a pure information management thinking, which contains a richer content, and traditional cost accounting theory a profound impact on the system. Clear understanding of the environment in the IT development process cost accounting will help us actively to promote cost accounting change, innovation and development.

Cost accounting for end-of-life care: recommendations to the field by the Cost Accounting Workgroup.

Science.gov (United States)

Seninger, Stephen; Smith, Dean G

2004-01-01

Accurate measurement of economic costs is prerequisite to progress in improving the care delivered to Americans during the last stage of life. The Robert Wood Johnson Excellence in End-of-Life Care national program assembled a Cost Accounting Workgroup to identify accurate and meaningful methods to measure palliative and end-of-life health care use and costs. Eight key issues were identified: (1) planning the cost analysis; (2) identifying the perspective for cost analysis; (3) describing the end-of-life care program; (4) identifying the appropriate comparison group; (5) defining the period of care to be studied; (6) identifying the units of health care services; (7) assigning monetary values to health care service units; and (8) calculating costs. Economic principles of cost measurement and cost measurement issues encountered by practitioners were reviewed and incorporated into a set of recommendations.

48 CFR 9904.409 - Cost accounting standard-depreciation of tangible capital assets.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 7 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Cost accounting standard... ACCOUNTING STANDARDS BOARD, OFFICE OF FEDERAL PROCUREMENT POLICY, OFFICE OF MANAGEMENT AND BUDGET PROCUREMENT PRACTICES AND COST ACCOUNTING STANDARDS COST ACCOUNTING STANDARDS 9904.409 Cost accounting standard...

Cost accounting and oil spills

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Peck, J.B.; Dufour, B.; Peck, V.P.

1996-01-01

Financial costs of an oil spill were considered. The control measures taken by Maritime Bureau Inc., in the San Juan oil spill were used as an example of how chaotic influences were minimized, how stability to the management team, structured under the Incident Command System (ICS) model, was provided, and how as a result of these actions, effective cost control was established. The importance of precise knowledge of operating costs was stressed as a basis for taking policy measures and for the evaluation of the short-term success of an oil spill clean-up operation. Staff responsibilities and management needs were described. Performance evaluation, as an important part of crisis cost accounting, was highlighted. Incident costs and response effectiveness comparisons were given for 13 oil spill incidents, including the EXXON VALDEZ affair. 4 tabs., 2 figs

48 CFR 9905.502 - Cost accounting standard-consistency in allocating costs incurred for the same purpose by...

Science.gov (United States)

2010-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 7 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Cost accounting standard... 9905.502 Federal Acquisition Regulations System COST ACCOUNTING STANDARDS BOARD, OFFICE OF FEDERAL PROCUREMENT POLICY, OFFICE OF MANAGEMENT AND BUDGET PROCUREMENT PRACTICES AND COST ACCOUNTING STANDARDS COST...

VALUATION FOR BIOLOGICAL ASSETS WITH HISTORICAL COST ACCOUNTING OR FAIR VALUE ACCOUNTING ?

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Valentin Gabriel CRISTEA

2017-05-01

Full Text Available The valuation for biological assets is regulated by IAS 41. Interesting debate is what valuation models it is better to use: historical cost accounting or fair value accounting? I will discuss advantages and disadvantages in this case.

CONSOLIDATED COST ACCOUNTING AT MEAT AND FAT PRODUCTION: METHODOLOGY AND PRACTICE

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Volodymyr Kushnir

2017-08-01

Full Text Available Aim of the article is to study and improve methods of consolidated cost accounting at meat and fat production to obtain detailed information about production costs and to find ways to reduce the cost of meat production. It is offered to account expenses at meat and fat department for individual production areas that will receive detailed information for the purposes of control, analysis, calculation and reporting. For expedient budgeting activities of each structural unit of meat and fat production and for needs to saving production is proposed to reflect the costs of each production plant to separate groups of analytical accounts. Key words: consolidated accounting, production costs of meat and fat production, cost accounting.

Cost and Management Accounting Practices: A Survey of Manufacturing Companies

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ali UYAR

2010-11-01

Full Text Available The purpose of this study is to explore cost and management accounting practices utilized by manufacturing companies operating in Istanbul, Turkey. The sample of the study consists of 61 companies, containing both small and medium-sized enterprises, and large companies. The data collection methodology of the study is questionnaire survey. The content of the questionnaire survey is based on several previous studies. The major findings of the study are as follows: the most widely used product costing method is job costing; the complexity in production poses as the highest ranking difficulty in product costing; the most widely used three overhead allocation bases are prime costs, units produced, and direct labor cost; pricing decisions is the most important area where costing information is used; overall mean of the ratio of overhead to total cost is 34.48 percent for all industries; and the most important three management accounting practices are budgeting, planning and control, and cost-volume-profit analysis. Furthermore, decreasing profitability, increasing costs and competition, and economic crises are the factors, which increase the perceived importance of cost accounting. The findings indicate that companies perceive traditional management accounting tools still important. However, new management accounting practices such as strategic planning, and transfer pricing are perceived less important than traditional ones. Therefore, companies need to improve themselves in this aspect.

COST ACCOUNTING AS A METHOD OF SUPPORTING DECISIONS IN FARMS IN POLAND

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Aldona Skarżyńska

2014-09-01

Full Text Available Agricultural accounting is the most important information system in farms. The paper presents the degree of utilization of information derived from cost accounting in decision-making in farms. The study was conducted in 2011 through direct interviews with farmers in 475 individual farms located throughout the country. The results indicate that farmers making decisions with the use of information from the cost accounting most often do not use only one cost system. The most common is the full cost accounting (i.e. direct and indirect cost jointly, followed by accounting of direct costs and the accounting of variable and fixed costs. The share of farms using other sources of information was only 1.1%. In two farms, farmers did not use any system of cost accounting.

Cost Accounting and Analysis for University Libraries.

Science.gov (United States)

Leimkuhler, Ferdinand F.; Cooper, Michael D.

The approach to library planning studied in this report is the use of accounting models to measure library costs and implement program budgets. A cost-flow model for a university library is developed and listed with historical data from the Berkeley General Library. Various comparisons of an exploratory nature are made of the unit costs for…

Full cost accounting for decision making at Ontario Hydro

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Plagiannakos, T.

1996-01-01

Ontario Hydro's approach to full cost accounting (FCA) was outlined in response to questions raised earlier, in another forum, regarding Ontario Hydro's views on FCA. FCA was defined as an evaluation framework (as opposed to an accounting system) which tries to account for the internal (private) as well as the external (environment and human health) costs and benefits and integrate them into business decisions. When the external impacts cannot be monetized, qualitative evaluations are used based on the damage costing approach, which Ontario Hydro prefers to the cost of control method recommended by its critics. In general, however, Ontario Hydro is not opposed to FCA in so far as it puts the Utility in a better position to make more informed decisions, improve environmental cost management, avoid future costs, enhance revenue, improve environmental quality, contribute to environmental policy, and contribute to sustainable development. 1 fig

Accounting for the cost of occupational accidents

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Rikhardsson, Pall M.

2004-01-01

consequences for the company. This, however, presents some challenges due to the current set up of many management accounting systems. The paper explores these issues in the context of the Systematic Accident Cost Analysis (SACA) project, which was carried out during 2001 by The Aarhus School of Business...... and PricewaterhouseCoopers Denmark with financial support from The Danish National Working Environment Authority. It focused on developing and testing a method for the evaluation of the occupational costs and how this might be linked to management accounting and control systems....

A managerial accounting analysis of hospital costs.

Science.gov (United States)

Frank, W G

1976-01-01

Variance analysis, an accounting technique, is applied to an eight-component model of hospital costs to determine the contribution each component makes to cost increases. The method is illustrated by application to data on total costs from 1950 to 1973 for all U.S. nongovernmental not-for-profit short-term general hospitals. The costs of a single hospital are analyzed and compared to the group costs. The potential uses and limitations of the method as a planning and research tool are discussed.

School District Program Cost Accounting: An Alternative Approach

Science.gov (United States)

Hentschke, Guilbert C.

1975-01-01

Discusses the value for school districts of a program cost accounting system and examines different approaches to generating program cost data, with particular emphasis on the "cost allocation to program system" (CAPS) and the traditional "transaction-based system." (JG)

Cost Accounting as a Possible Solution for Financial Sustainability of Croatian Public Hospitals

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ivana Dražić Lutilsky

2016-12-01

Full Text Available The purpose of this paper is to present the current usage of cost accounting methodology in Croatian public hospitals through conducted empirical research and to provide opinions of accountants and financial officers regarding possible implementation of cost accounting methodology in public hospitals. In the paper, the authors analyze the accounting system in Croatian public hospitals, identifying the flaws of the current accounting system with regard to the recording and allocation of costs. National healthcare systems of different European countries provide a theoretical background for the usage of accrual accounting basis and cost accounting methodologies, showing better governance and financial sustainability of public hospitals which have introduced cost accounting methodology. The conducted empirical research shows that accountants and financial officers believe that the healthcare system in Croatia is ready for a change in the current accounting system based on the modified accrual basis through the implementation of accrual accounting basis and full costing approach to cost allocation. Full costing approach is also known as activity-based accounting method for cost allocation. The authors also recommend some initial steps for implementation of the new cost accounting system in Croatian public hospitals.

48 CFR 52.230-1 - Cost Accounting Standards Notices and Certification.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 2 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Cost Accounting Standards... Provisions and Clauses 52.230-1 Cost Accounting Standards Notices and Certification. As prescribed in 30.201-3, insert the following provisions: Cost Accounting Standards Notices and Certification (OCT 2008...

SCATS: SRB Cost Accounting and Tracking System handbook

Science.gov (United States)

Zorv, R. B.; Stewart, R. D.; Coley, G.; Higginbotham, M.

1978-01-01

The Solid Rocket Booster Cost Accounting and Tracking System (SCATS) which is an automatic data processing system designed to keep a running account of the number, description, and estimated cost of Level 2, 3, and 4 changes is described. Although designed specifically for the Space Shuttle Solid Rocket Booster Program, the ADP system can be used for any other program that has a similar structure for recording, reporting, and summing numbers and costs of changes. The program stores the alpha-numeric designators for changes, government estimated costs, proposed costs, and negotiated value in a MIRADS (Marshall Information Retrieval and Display System) format which permits rapid access, manipulation, and reporting of current change status. Output reports listing all changes, totals of each level, and totals of all levels, can be derived for any calendar interval period.

As Easy as ABC: Re-engineering the Cost Accounting System.

Science.gov (United States)

Trussel, John M.; Bitner, Larry N.

1996-01-01

To be useful for management decision making, the college or university's cost accounting system must capture and measure improvements. Activity-based costing (ABC), which determines more accurately the full costs of services and products, tracks improvements and should proceed alongside reengineering of institutional accounting. Guidelines are…

COST ACCOUNTING AS THE KEY INFORMATION CORE OF THE COMPANY MANAGEMENT

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Radmila Jablan STEFANOVIĆ

2010-12-01

Full Text Available The management is expected to lead the company towards the achievement of set objectives which, in the contemporary settings of marked external and internal complexity, inevitably requires sophisticated expert knowledge and skills, as well as quality information support. Cost accounting generates cost and performance information with the goal of qualitatively meeting information needs of, above all, internal users. It represents the essential part of the company’s accounting information system as a whole and it is often stressed as the key information core and a reliable information support for the company’s management in performing their managerial activities. The contemporary business environment inevitably requires the restructuring of cost accounting and new approaches to costing and cost management, in the attempt to improve the quality of cost information that has always been the object of particular interest. Moreover, only a flexibly designed cost accounting information system can qualitatively respond to the increasingly numerous and various information requirements. In this paper we discuss the role cost accounting has in offering adequate information support to managers at all managerial levels. We emphasize some of the new tools, techniques, concepts and approaches to costing and cost management

48 CFR 30.603 - Changes to disclosed or established cost accounting practices.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-10-01

... established cost accounting practices. 30.603 Section 30.603 Federal Acquisition Regulations System FEDERAL ACQUISITION REGULATION GENERAL CONTRACTING REQUIREMENTS COST ACCOUNTING STANDARDS ADMINISTRATION CAS Administration 30.603 Changes to disclosed or established cost accounting practices. ...

77 FR 69441 - Federal Acquisition Regulation; Information Collection; Cost Accounting Standards Administration

Science.gov (United States)

2012-11-19

...; Information Collection; Cost Accounting Standards Administration AGENCY: Department of Defense (DOD), General... collection requirement concerning cost accounting standards administration. Public comments are particularly... Information Collection 9000- 0129, Cost Accounting Standards Administration by any of the following methods...

Implementation Opportunities of Green Accounting for Activity-Based Costing (ABC in Romania

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Sorinel Capusneanu

2008-01-01

Full Text Available This article refers to implementation opportunities of green accounting for the Activity- Based Costing method. It shows why we choose Activity-Based Costing method and what must be done in this way. Green accounting observes the specific principles of the Activity-Based Costing method. It also represents the advantages and disadvantages of the green accounting into an enterprise in case of Activity-Based Costing implementation. The paper describes the stages we must follow in case of implementation of green accounting alongside Activity-Based Costing method into an enterprise.

Lean Accounting - An Ingenious Solution for Cost Optimization

OpenAIRE

Dimi Ofileanu; Dan Ioan Topor

2014-01-01

The aim of this work is to present a new concept in accounting management: Lean Accounting. This work explains the way the lean concept was born; its benefits for the production system of the factories and the necessity of applying lean accounting in the factories which have implemented lean production, taking into account both its advantages and the boundaries of the other cost management methods in those factories.

77 FR 27550 - Federal Acquisition Regulation; Revision of Cost Accounting Standards Threshold

Science.gov (United States)

2012-05-10

...] RIN 9000-AM25 Federal Acquisition Regulation; Revision of Cost Accounting Standards Threshold AGENCY... Federal Acquisition Regulation (FAR) to revise the threshold for applicability of cost accounting standards in order to implement a recent rule of the Cost Accounting Standards Board and statutory...

Cost effective material control and accountability training

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Robichaux, J.J.; Shull, L.M.; Salizzoni, L.M.

1995-01-01

DOE Order 5630.15, ''Safeguards and Security Training Program'' is being implemented at the Savannah River Site within the Westinghouse Savannah River Company's material control and accountability program. This paper reviews the development of a material control and accountability task analysis, the development of specific material control and accountability courses, and the cost effective and innovative strategies employed to implement the training program. The paper also discusses how the site material control and accountability policies and procedures are incorporated into the Westinghouse Savannah River Company training program to ensure that personnel receive the most current information

Cost Accounting as a Tool for Increasing Cost Transparency in Selective Hepatic Transarterial Chemoembolization.

Science.gov (United States)

Ahmed, Osman; Patel, Mikin; Ward, Thomas; Sze, Daniel Y; Telischak, Kristen; Kothary, Nishita; Hofmann, Lawrence V

2015-12-01

To increase cost transparency and uncover potential areas for savings in patients receiving selective transarterial chemoembolization at a tertiary care academic center. The hospital cost accounting system charge master sheet for direct and total costs associated with selective transarterial chemoembolization in fiscal years 2013 and 2014 was queried for each of the four highest volume interventional radiologists at a single institution. There were 517 cases (range, 83-150 per physician) performed; direct costs incurred relating to care before, during, and after the procedure with respect to labor, supply, and equipment fees were calculated. A median of 48 activity codes were charged per selective transarterial chemoembolization from five cost centers, represented by the angiography suite, units for care before and after the procedure, pharmacy, and observation floors. The average direct cost of selective transarterial chemoembolization did not significantly differ among operators at $9,126.94, $8,768.77, $9,027.33, and $8,909.75 (P = .31). Intraprocedural costs accounted for 82.8% of total direct costs and provided the greatest degree in cost variability ($7,268.47-$7,691.27). The differences in intraprocedural expense among providers were not statistically significant (P = .09), even when separated into more specific procedure-related labor and supply costs. Cost accounting systems could effectively be interrogated as a method for calculating direct costs associated with selective transarterial chemoembolization. The greatest source of expenditure and variability in cost among providers was shown to be intraprocedural labor and supplies, although the effect did not appear to be operator dependent. Copyright © 2015 SIR. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

48 CFR 970.5232-5 - Liability with respect to cost accounting standards.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-10-01

... cost accounting standards. 970.5232-5 Section 970.5232-5 Federal Acquisition Regulations System... cost accounting standards. As prescribed in 970.3270(a)(5), insert the following clause: Liability With Respect to Cost Accounting Standards (DEC 2000) (a) The Contractor is not liable to the Government for...

48 CFR 4.705-1 - Financial and cost accounting records.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Financial and cost accounting records. 4.705-1 Section 4.705-1 Federal Acquisition Regulations System FEDERAL ACQUISITION REGULATION GENERAL ADMINISTRATIVE MATTERS Contractor Records Retention 4.705-1 Financial and cost accounting...

48 CFR 52.230-7 - Proposal Disclosure-Cost Accounting Practice Changes.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-10-01

... Provisions and Clauses 52.230-7 Proposal Disclosure—Cost Accounting Practice Changes. As prescribed in 30.201-3(c), insert the following provision: Proposal Disclosure—Cost Accounting Practice Changes (APR 2005... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 2 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Proposal Disclosure-Cost...

Laboratory manager's financial handbook. Cost accounting: the road map to financial success.

Science.gov (United States)

Travers, E M

1996-01-01

Cost accounting is the most basic element of the laboratory's financial management structure. Historically, cost accounting in the nonmedical world referred to accumulating and assigning costs to units of production and departments, primarily for inventory valuation and income determination. In the health industry, microcost accounting is distinguishable from macrocost (management/internal) accounting and serves multiple purposes. Microcost accounting pertains to gathering and providing information for decision making. The range of decisions include managing recurring operations, making nonrecurring strategic decisions, and formulating major organizational policies. Macrocost accounting fulfills the legal requirements of reporting to stockholders, auditors, governmental agencies, and other external parties.

IMPLICATIONS AND OPPORTUNITIES REGARDING THE ORGANIZATION OF QUALITY COST MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

ION IONESCU

2014-02-01

Full Text Available Taking into considerations the obvious importance of the concept of quality, the inevitable question arises "What is the cost of quality?", clearly reaching the notion of "cost". It would seem absolutely logical and natural, that when we are referring to the total quality cost, from the professional point of view, to have an accountant that should take care of recording and supply of all the necessary data in terms of the inventory of this cost. The practical reality, however, shows that the accounting side of an economic entity does not provide comprehensive information regarding a complete definition of the quality cost. From this perspective, the present paper aims to consider a relevant discussion on the necessity and importance of the existence of the management accounting regarding the cost of quality

Diversification of fuel costs accounting for load variation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ruangpattana, Suriya; Preckel, Paul V.; Gotham, Douglas J.; Muthuraman, Kumar; Velástegui, Marco; Morin, Thomas L.; Uhan, Nelson A.

2012-01-01

A practical mathematical programming model for the strategic fuel diversification problem is presented. The model is designed to consider the tradeoffs between the expected costs of investments in capacity, operating and maintenance costs, average fuel costs, and the variability of fuel costs. In addition, the model is designed to take the load curve into account at a high degree of resolution, while keeping the computational burden at a practical level. The model is illustrated with a case study for Indiana's power generation system. The model reveals that an effective means of reducing the volatility of the system-level fuel costs is through the reduction of dependence on coal-fired generation with an attendant shift towards nuclear generation. Model results indicate that about a 25% reduction in the standard deviation of the generation costs can be achieved with about a 20–25% increase in average fuel costs. Scenarios that incorporate costs for carbon dioxide emissions or a moratorium on nuclear capacity additions are also presented. Highlights: ► We propose a fuel price risk management model for generation investments accounting for load shape. ► The formulation incorporates a highly refined load curve while maintaining tractability. ► We demonstrate the model for planning generation investments in the state of Indiana for 2025. ► Scenarios reflect charges for CO 2 emissions and a moratorium on new nuclear power.

48 CFR 30.604 - Processing changes to disclosed or established cost accounting practices.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-10-01

... disclosed or established cost accounting practices. 30.604 Section 30.604 Federal Acquisition Regulations System FEDERAL ACQUISITION REGULATION GENERAL CONTRACTING REQUIREMENTS COST ACCOUNTING STANDARDS ADMINISTRATION CAS Administration 30.604 Processing changes to disclosed or established cost accounting practices...

Does Accumulated Knowledge Impact Academic Performance in Cost Accounting?

Science.gov (United States)

Alanzi, Khalid A.; Alfraih, Mishari M.

2017-01-01

Purpose: This quantitative study aims to examine the impact of accumulated knowledge of accounting on the academic performance of Cost Accounting students. Design/methodology/approach The sample consisted of 89 students enrolled in the Accounting program run by a business college in Kuwait during 2015. Correlation and linear least squares…

Managerial Cost Accounting for a Technical Information Center.

Science.gov (United States)

Helmkamp, John G.

A two-fold solution to the cost information deficiency problem is proposed. A formal managerial cost accounting system is designed expressly for the two information services of retrospective search and selective dissemination. The system was employed during a trial period to test its effectiveness in a technical information center. Once…

Mixed signals emerging on full cost accounting

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Rutherford, D.

1993-01-01

In Ontario, various nongovernmental and governmental agencies have put forward mixed views on the use of full cost accounting (FCA) for electric utilities (Ontario Hydro, in particular). Full cost accounting is defined as a process by which social and environmental impacts of projects and technologies can be quantified and assessed for their comparative consequences on the local community and society at large. A November 1992 statement from the Ontario Ministry of Environment and Energy has said that all social and environmental costs, impacts, risks, and benefits should be considered in planning. A report of the energy task force of the Ontario Round Table on Environment and Economy (ORTEE) included a strong endorsement of FCA. A task force with the mandate to help Ontario Hydro develop a sustainable energy policy includes a group which will examine FCA and how to implement it. Critics of Ontario Hydro note that the utility's recent announcement of offering substantial discounts to some of its largest industrial customers goes directly against FCA. In addition, Hydro's continued reliance on an avoided cost model (without consideration of social and environmental impacts of power generation) makes it difficult for the utility to think beyond traditional approaches. In contrast, British Columbia is announcing a Social Costing policy to evaluate power projects according to their environmental as well as financial impact. Under the right conditions, adopting FCA can offer distinct trade advantages to Ontario. Under international trade agreements that pay heed to environmental costs, jurisdictions which have high environmental standards stand to gain

Ratemaking and accounting for allowances and compliance costs

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Anon.

1992-01-01

The regulatory treatment of compliance costs and allowances will significantly affect both the utility's CAAA compliance decisions and the cost of compliance. Sections in this chapter include ratemaking treatment of allowances, utility buy-ins, the market test of compliance costs and utility incentive, FERC account classification, measuring the value of allowances, inventory methods for allowances, expense recognition of allowances, regulatory-created assets and liabilities, and application of the FERC proposal. 8 refs., 1 tab

The Problematic Aspects of Accounting the Transaction Costs and Ways to Address Them

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Khorunzhak Nadiya M.

2017-05-01

Full Text Available The article is aimed at a theoretical generalization of the nature and causes of appearance of transaction costs, development of proposals on formation of an effective model for their management, including the proposals on the basis of improved accounting for brewery enterprises. According to the carried out analysis of the authors’ positions on accounting, including the positions related to reflection of transaction costs in the accounting records, it has been concluded about expediency to account such costs by types, although only in regard to the activities, directed toward sales of production. A goal tree graph has been built to ensure the rationality of research on elaborating the classification (grouping of transaction costs and on substantiating the composition of working accounts for their accounting. In order to ensure the continuity and timeliness of including the transaction costs into the prime cost of the production sold, it has been proposed to use planning and reporting calculations. An approach has been developed to determine the planned inclusion of transaction costs in the prime cost of the production sold (exponential average. An appropriate model for recording the transaction costs has been built. Prospect for further research will be construction of the efficient policy decisions concerning the enterprise’s activities, based on the above conception of the system of management of transaction costs together with its information base.

SEPERATION OF COST AND EXPENDITURES IN ORCHARDS AND THE ADVANTAGES OF COST ACCOUNTING

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ali Deran

2013-07-01

Full Text Available Strategic importance of agriculture sector has been increased by the recent developments in economics as well as changes in climate and accordingly the capital flow to the sector has increased. Today, it is well known that owners of large capitals have been invested on orchards. In the world and Turkey, international companies run many orchards in different countries at the same time. Many of these companies’ shares operated in stock exchange markets. In this context of these developments, the importance of agriculture accounting for agriculture and especially cost agriculture for agriculture has been increased. Furthermore, this importance is expected to increase in accordance with the process of world markets and Turkey’s accession process to European Union. In this study, cost and expenditure which are the main concepts of agricultural cost accounting and their advantages will be discussed.

QUALITY ATTRIBUTES IN COST MANAGEMENT AND ACCOUNTING SUBJECTS: THE STUDENTS’ VIEWPOINT

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jucelia Appio Tibola

2012-11-01

Full Text Available The aim in this research is to identify the quality attributes students perceive in cost management and accounting subjects. The subjects were 126 students who took the subjects Cost Applied to Administration, Cost Accounting and Cost Analysis, corresponding to all students in the semester during which the research was undertaken. Thus, a census study was adopted. The research institution is a public university that offers graduate (M.Sc. and Ph.D. programs in Accountancy and Business Administration, particularly in the South of Brazil. An exploratory and qualitative research design was used in the first part and a descriptive and quantitative design in the second. Data were collected with the help of a structured questionnaire with open questions, applying the Critical Incident Technique. Content Analysis was used to classify and categorize the respondents’ answers into units of meaning. In the second phase, these categories were transformed into categorical variables and analyzed through statistical procedures. The results evidenced that the quality attributes constituted an Axis. In the Cost Analysis subjects, they privileged the lecturer’s quality. In Cost Accounting, the students evidenced the teacher’s commitment and the application of practical examples as a relevant attribute. In Cost Applied to Administration, the results indicated that understanding about the subject, clarification of doubts and the lecturer’s didactics served as quality attributes.

76 FR 60357 - Federal Regulations; OMB Circulars, OFPP Policy Letters, and CASB Cost Accounting Standards...

Science.gov (United States)

2011-09-29

... derived from 41 U.S.C. 1501. Cost Accounting Standards are rules governing the measurement, assignment... Circulars, OFPP Policy Letters, and CASB Cost Accounting Standards Included in the Semiannual Agenda of..., and Cost Accounting Standards Board (CASB) Cost Accounting Standards. OMB Circulars and OFPP Policy...

Cost accounting of radiological examinations. Cost analysis of radiological examinations of intermediate referral hospitals and general practice.

Science.gov (United States)

Lääperi, A L

1996-01-01

The purpose of this study was to analyse the cost structure of radiological procedures in the intermediary referral hospitals and general practice and to develop a cost accounting system for radiological examinations that takes into consideration all relevant cost factors and is suitable for management of radiology departments and regional planning of radiological resources. The material comprised 174,560 basic radiological examinations performed in 1991 at 5 intermediate referral hospitals and 13 public health centres in the Pirkanmaa Hospital District in Finland. All radiological departments in the hospitals were managed by a specialist in radiology. The radiology departments at the public health care centres operated on a self-referral basis by general practitioners. The data were extracted from examination lists, inventories and balance sheets; parts of the data were estimated or calculated. The radiological examinations were compiled according to the type of examination and equipment used: conventional, contrast medium, ultrasound, mammography and roentgen examinations with mobile equipment. The majority of the examinations (87%) comprised conventional radiography. For cost analysis the cost items were grouped into 5 cost factors: personnel, equipment, material, real estate and administration costs. The depreciation time used was 10 years for roentgen equipment, 5 years for ultrasound equipment and 5 to 10 years for other capital goods. An annual interest rate of 10% was applied. Standard average values based on a sample at 2 hospitals were used for the examination-specific radiologist time, radiographer time and material costs. Four cost accounting versions with varying allocation of the major cost items were designed. Two-way analysis of variance of the effect of different allocation methods on the costs and cost structure of the examination groups was performed. On the basis of the cost analysis a cost accounting program containing both monetary and

IMPROVING MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING AND COST CALCULATION IN DAIRY INDUSTRY USING STANDARD COST METHOD

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Bogdănoiu Cristiana-Luminiţa

2013-04-01

Full Text Available This paper aims to discuss issues related to the improvement of management accounting in the dairy industry by implementing standard cost method. The methods used today do not provide informational satisfaction to managers in order to conduct effectively production activities, which is why we attempted the standard cost method, it responding to the managers needs to obtain the efficiency of production, and all economic entities. The method allows an operative control of how they consume manpower and material resources by pursuing distinct, permanent and complete deviations during the activity and not at the end of the reporting period. Successful implementation of the standard method depends on the accuracy by which standards are developed and promotes consistently anticipated calculation of production costs as well as determination, tracking and controlling deviations from them, leads to increased practical value of accounting information and business improvement.

The Methodical Approach to the Cost-Accounting of the Restaurant Businesses with Catering Functions

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Yanchev Andrey V.

2017-05-01

Full Text Available The article considers the methodical aspects of cost-accounting for the operating activities of restaurant businesses, which organization is influenced by the chosen accounting method (trade, production, or trade and production. The essence of each of the methods has been analyzed and the expediency of the trade and production method in the cost-accounting system has been substantiated due to its most appropriateness for the particularities of activity of restaurant businesses with catering functions. It has been proposed to use a model for methodical support of cost-accounting for restaurant businesses, which will provide to obtain detailed information on the costs by the analytical attributes required by the users of enterprise, for each process of its activity. Emphasis is placed on the logistics costs, which are characteristic of catering businesses with catering functions and need to be reflected in the accounting. A methodical approach to the accounting of logistics costs in terms of business processes for the efficient management of such costs is recommended.

Traditional Vs. Contemporary Managerial/Cost Accounting Techniques Differences Between Opinions Of Educators And Practitioners

OpenAIRE

M. A. Ekbatani; M. A. Sangeladji

2011-01-01

From the mid 1980s, the start of new movements in the field of managerial/cost accounting, a gap has emerged between the opinions of academia and practitioners regarding the degree of usefulness of managerial/cost accounting techniques. It is believed that practitioners generally prefer managerial/cost accounting techniques which are simple, practical and economically applicable. On the other hand, many authors and academia believe that the traditional managerial/cost accounting techniques ar...

MANAGERIAL AND COST ACCOUNTING PRACTICES - A ROMANIAN OVERVIEW

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

CARDOS ILDIKO REKA

2011-12-01

for management in the decision making process but these information are produced using traditional managerial accounting practices, tools and techniques are preferred by Romanian organizations in the detriment of modern practices like activity based-costing or target costing. Implications - The results of our study represents a reference point for both researchers and practitioners who are willing to carry on future research in the field of managerial accounting. Originality/Value - This paper tries to fill a gap in the literature related to the Romanian managerial accounting systems and practices. Moreover, it present an overview of managerial accounting practices within Romanian companies giving the possibility to formulate suggestions and proposals for its future development and evolution.

75 FR 3236 - Federal Acquisition Regulation; Submission for OMB Review; Cost Accounting Standards Administration

Science.gov (United States)

2010-01-20

... extension of a previously approved information collection requirement concerning cost accounting standards... include pertinent rules and regulations related to the Cost Accounting Standards along with necessary... impact estimates and descriptions in cost accounting practices and also to provide information on CAS...

78 FR 13675 - Federal Acquisition Regulation; Submission for OMB Review; Cost Accounting Standards Administration

Science.gov (United States)

2013-02-28

...; Submission for OMB Review; Cost Accounting Standards Administration AGENCY: Department of Defense (DOD... collection requirement concerning cost accounting standards administration. A notice was published in the...- 0129, Cost Accounting Standards Administration by any of the following methods: Regulations.gov : http...

Technology Transfer Program (TTP) Cost Accounting Final Report

National Research Council Canada - National Science Library

1980-01-01

.... Shipbuilding Maritime Administration. The material contained herein was developed from the study of the Cost Accounting systems presently in operation in the shipyards of Ishikawajima-Harima Heavy Industries (IHI) of Japan...

Support and Against Historical Cost Accounting: is IT Value Relevance for Decision Making?

OpenAIRE

Rahmawati, Evi

2006-01-01

This paper reviews the issues on the support and criticism of historical cost accounting (HCA) and the incremental information content on current cost disclosures. Based on literature review this study find that historical cost is still relevant to use in decision making. Empirical studies show evidence both; supporting historical cost accounting and criticisms against the conventional historical cost based financial statements. Issues on historical cost are raised because of economic condit...

76 FR 14570 - Federal Acquisition Regulation; Disclosure and Consistency of Cost Accounting Practices for...

Science.gov (United States)

2011-03-16

...] RIN 9000-AL58 Federal Acquisition Regulation; Disclosure and Consistency of Cost Accounting Practices... Regulation (FAR) to align it with a Cost Accounting Standards (CAS) Board clause, Disclosure and Consistency... the use of the clause, Disclosure and Consistency of Cost Accounting Practices--Foreign Concerns, in...

76 FR 70037 - Federal Regulations; OMB Circulars, OFPP Policy Letters, and CASB Cost Accounting Standards...

Science.gov (United States)

2011-11-10

... Circulars, OFPP Policy Letters, and CASB Cost Accounting Standards Included in the Semiannual Agenda of..., and Cost Accounting Standards Board (CASB) Cost Accounting Standards. DATES: The withdrawal is...

Support and Against Historical Cost Accounting: is IT Value Relevance for Decision Making?

OpenAIRE

Rahmawati, Evi

2006-01-01

This paper reviews the issues on the support and criticism of historical cost accounting (HCA) and the incremental information content on current cost disclosures. Based on literature review this study find that historical cost is still relevant to use in decision making. Empirical studies show evidence both; supporting historical cost accounting and criticisms against the conventional historical cost based financial statements. Issues on historical cost are raised because of  economic condit...

Why revisit your cost-accounting strategy.

Science.gov (United States)

Arredondo, Ricky

2014-07-01

Healthcare entities seeking to develop effective cost-accounting systems should take six steps to avoid potential pitfalls: Secure broad executive-level support for the effort. Ensure systems are in place to analyze the disparate data. Define measurable objectives to ensure that implementation achieves desired results. Give due consideration to implementation planning. Train support staff sufficiently to avoid underutilization. Develop a sufficiently broad base of staff support for the system.

Accountable Care Organizations and Transaction Cost Economics.

Science.gov (United States)

Mick, Stephen S Farnsworth; Shay, Patrick D

2016-12-01

Using a Transaction Cost Economics (TCE) approach, this paper explores which organizational forms Accountable Care Organizations (ACOs) may take. A critical question about form is the amount of vertical integration that an ACO may have, a topic central to TCE. We posit that contextual factors outside and inside an ACO will produce variable transaction costs (the non-production costs of care) such that the decision to integrate vertically will derive from a comparison of these external versus internal costs, assuming reasonably rational management abilities. External costs include those arising from environmental uncertainty and complexity, small numbers bargaining, asset specificity, frequency of exchanges, and information "impactedness." Internal costs include those arising from human resource activities including hiring and staffing, training, evaluating (i.e., disciplining, appraising, or promoting), and otherwise administering programs. At the extreme, these different costs may produce either total vertical integration or little to no vertical integration with most ACOs falling in between. This essay demonstrates how TCE can be applied to the ACO organization form issue, explains TCE, considers ACO activity from the TCE perspective, and reflects on research directions that may inform TCE and facilitate ACO development. © The Author(s) 2016.

The hidden costs of self-management services in the accounting activity of a company

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Dan Ioan TOPOR

2017-05-01

Full Text Available This article addresses relevant aspects regarding the hidden costs of self-management services in the accounting area, within the accounting department of a company. With this aim, the authors conducted a study using a questionnaire, whose results were analyzed and interpreted. The hidden costs of the self-management of business accounting services observed in the accounting department of the company have been assessed and the causes of their generating sources were identified and analyzed. The debate of these hidden costs involved the treating of notions that exist in the accounting language, but are still not sufficiently explored by the specialists in the area. We also presented and analyzed the causes of the hidden costs of self-management in the accounting activity, as well as a reporting document for failures, arising from the case study. The article ends with the authors' conclusions regarding the hidden costs of self-management services in the accounting area.

18 CFR 367.4031 - Account 403.1, Depreciation expense for asset retirement costs.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-04-01

..., Depreciation expense for asset retirement costs. 367.4031 Section 367.4031 Conservation of Power and Water... § 367.4031 Account 403.1, Depreciation expense for asset retirement costs. This account must include the depreciation expense for asset retirement costs included in service company property. ...

The system of account and control of logistics costs

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Khayrullin Rustam Zinnatullovich

Full Text Available The process of organization of civil engineering provides the delivery of construction materials, equipment to the civil engineering objects in the required quantities at the specified time. Effective tool for solving this problem is logistics. The basic components of logistics costs, which occupy the largest share in the sum of all logistics costs, are transportation costs and storage costs. The civil engineering industry is very promising for the use of outsourcing. The main part of works on providing material and technical resources in most cases is transferred to the outsourcing of other companies, including the group of companies forming the holding. In large holding companies the chain of movement of materials, goods and productions: purchase of materials and goods, completion materials, production structures, storage, movement, transportation, etc. may include several companies belonging in holding. The goods can be moved from one warehouse to another, with or without change of the owner of goods. Each company is obliged to show each movement of goods in their financial accounting. During the goods’ movement within a group of companies from one storage to another, from one owner to another, the total costs of the goods rise. Sales within a group of companies lead, as a rule, to a gain by one of the companies and the logistic expenses of another company. Selling to a consumer provides a profit to the seller company. Therefore, the problem of adequate allocation of logistics expenses and profits between separate legal entity and the task of continuous accounting and control of logistics costs and earnings in large companies, is vital. The automated system for accounting and controlling of logistics costs is suggested. The developed system allows controlling logistics costs of refining, storage and transportation for each ton, pieces, linear or square meters of the shipped cargoes. The System is based on complex algorithms of distribution

Support and Against Historical Cost Accounting: Is it Value Relevance for Decision Making?

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Evi Rahmawati

2016-01-01

Full Text Available This paper reviews the issues on the support and criticism of historical cost accounting (HCA and the incremental information content on current cost disclosures. Based on literature review this study find that historical cost is still relevant to use in decision making. Empirical studies show evidence both; supporting historical cost accounting and criticisms against the conventional historical cost based financial statements. Issues on historical cost are raised because of  economic condition, inflation, the change in high tech environment, price movements, and regulators statements. Studies shows that historical cost accounting. over the decade: still have power explanatory for investors, which indicates that its benefits outweigh its cost. However, Barth et al. (1996 provide strong evidence on incremental information of current cost disclosures for certain assets and liabilities. This paper concludes that even there are weaknesses (against HCA, still there are more benefits that we can gain through HCA.

78 FR 40665 - Cost Accounting Standards: CAS 413 Pension Adjustments for Extraordinary Events

Science.gov (United States)

2013-07-08

... Accounting Standards: CAS 413 Pension Adjustments for Extraordinary Events AGENCY: Cost Accounting Standards...: The Office of Federal Procurement Policy (OFPP), Cost Accounting Standards (CAS) Board, is conducting... Extraordinary Events. This is the first step in a four- step process that may result in a final rule. As part of...

Fusion reactor design studies: standard accounts for cost estimates

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Schulte, S.C.; Willke, T.L.; Young, J.R.

1978-05-01

The fusion reactor design studies--standard accounts for cost estimates provides a common format from which to assess the economic character of magnetically confined fusion reactor design concepts. The format will aid designers in the preparation of design concept costs estimates and also provide policymakers with a tool to assist in appraising which design concept may be economically promising. The format sets forth a categorization and accounting procedure to be used when estimating fusion reactor busbar energy cost that can be easily and consistently applied. Reasons for developing the procedure, explanations of the procedure, justifications for assumptions made in the procedure, and the applicability of the procedure are described in this document. Adherence to the format when evaluating prospective fusion reactor design concepts will result in the identification of the more promising design concepts thus enabling the fusion power alternatives with better economic potential to be quickly and efficiently developed

Managerial accounting of costs in the system of management of enterprise logistics activity

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

L.G. Medvid

2017-12-01

Full Text Available The article deals with the analysis of scientific researches about the reflection of the logistics activity costs of a production enterprise in the system of analytical accounting. Practice shows that it is difficult to separate the reflection of logistics costs in primary documents in the system of financial accounting, and, as a result, the reflection in managerial reporting and the possibility of control and optimization. The research allows to determine the components of the organizational and methodical model of accounting of logistics costs according to the responsibility centers of production enterprises, namely, the system of responsibility centers according to the enterprise logistics activity, regulated documents, the system of budgetary logistics costs and internal managerial reporting according to the responsibility centers of the second level. This allowed to develop the methodological and organizational bases of managerial accounting of logistics activity costs of a productive enterprise.

48 CFR 52.230-3 - Disclosure and Consistency of Cost Accounting Practices.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-10-01

... Text of Provisions and Clauses 52.230-3 Disclosure and Consistency of Cost Accounting Practices. As prescribed in 30.201-4(b)(1), insert the following clause: Disclosure and Consistency of Cost Accounting... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 2 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Disclosure and Consistency...

Audit fees and IFRS accounting - Is information costly?

OpenAIRE

Friis, Ole; Nielsen, Mogens

2010-01-01

Since 2005 companies with equity instruments traded on regulated markets in the European Economic Area have prepared their financial reports in accordance with accounting standards issued by the IASB. A survey conducted in 2007 indicated that most of the EU companies that changed from local to IFRS rules incurred additional costs in connection with the transition. Also, companies expected additional future costs from using IFRS. Although the main part of these stemmed from the companies’ inte...

Accounting of allocation of production enterprises’ overhead costs

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

О.V. Ivaniuta

2016-12-01

Full Text Available Taking into account the complexity of engineering technological cycles, the use of traditional approaches to the allocation of overhead costs at the researching enterprises is inexpedient and inefficient. The authors find out that to solve this problem it is not enough to choose only one base of allocation because the formed prime cost with such an approach will not meet the reality. That is why it is suggested to use a multilevel allocation of overhead costs. The proposed approach involves the allocation of overhead costs at the following levels: fixed and variable, with shops of main and auxiliary production, calculation stations, some orders. Each level involves the selection of individual allocation bases that are grouped on economic, technological and integrated ones.

Modern concepts of cost accounting: A review of the ABC method specific features

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Trklja Radmila

2014-01-01

Full Text Available New business conditions, in which the presence of turbulent changes in the environment are extremely obvious, demand, much more than before, relevant and reliable information which represent an essential support for the management in all the stages of decision making processes. In the countries with developed market and competitive economies, new approaches, philosophies, concepts and techniques in the field of expense accounting appear. The development of high technology businesses and the appearance of business globalisation raise the question of the quality of accounting information obtained using traditional methods of cost accounting and it is necessary to change the concept of establishing product costs. According to this, management accounting should ensure an informational support for managing businesses which are based on customers' demands, internal processes, continuous business improvement etc. It is only possible with the application of modern concepts of cost accounting, which will ensure efficient of cost management and business management in modern business conditions.

Cost of Peace Accounting and National Security in Nigeria: Does it Really Matter?

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Okoro Godsday Edesiri

2016-12-01

Full Text Available Purpose of the article: The cost of ensuring national security is very high, but measuring this cost has received little attention. One way of reacording and ascertaining the financial resources expended on national security is via Peace Accounting. Peace Accounting is an innovative idea that is taking a firm root in Nigeria and the world over. Peace accounting deals with ascertaining and reporting the financial resources accompanying domestic violence such as insecurity, political violence, insurgency, militancy, economic predicament, corruption and all other costs associated with national security. Methodology/methods: Secondary data were obtained from the Central Bank of Nigeria Statistical Bulletin and the International Monetary Fund Cross Country Macroeconomic Statistics from 1996–2015. Ordinary Least Square estimation technique was employed in analyzing the data and analysis performed via SPSS. Scientific aim: This paper gauged the costs of peace accounting and its implication for national security in Nigeria. Findings: The study found that expenditure on internal security, cost of peace keeping and gross fixed capital formation are dynamics of peace accounting. Furthermore, cost of peace keeping is statistically significant except that expenditure on internal security and gross fixed capital formation were statistically flawed. Expenditure on internal security has negative impact on GPI. Conclusions: On the basis of the above, we recommend among others that countries like Nigeria faced with security challenges should engage professionals/experts that can help develop peace accounting models aimed at measuring the cost of peace. Also, special attention should be paid to expenditure on internal security since it has negative effect on GPI.

CHIT: a cost accounting program for postirradiation examinations of fast breeder reactor materials

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Phillips, J.R.; Dowler, K.E.

1975-09-01

CHIT is the Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory's cost accounting computer program for nondestructive and destructive examinations of irradiated fuel pins. The program allows immediate retrieval of fuel pin examination information and provides itemized listings for completed and projected fuel pin examinations, detailed cost accounting summaries for each investigator, fuel pin examinations during a specified time interval, and various subsets of the information. CHIT has been in successful operation for the past two years, providing precise information on cost accounting more efficiently than possible with a manual technique

Cost analysis and the practicing radiologist/manager: an introduction to managerial accounting.

Science.gov (United States)

Forman, H P; Yin, D

1996-06-01

Cost analysis is inherently one of the most tedious tasks falling on the shoulders of any manager. In today's world, whether in a service business such as radiology or medicine or in a product line such as car manufacturing, accurate cost analysis is critical to all aspects of management: marketing, competitive strategy, quality control, human resource management, accounting (financial), and operations management, to name but a few. This is a topic that we will explore with the intention of giving the radiologist/manager the understanding and the basic skills to use cost analysis efficiently, making sure that major financial decisions are being made with adequate cost information, and showing that cost accounting is really managerial accounting in that it pays little attention to the bottom line of financial statements but places much more emphasis on equipping managers with the information to determine budgets, prices, salaries, and incentives and influences capital budgeting decisions through an understanding of product profitability rather than firm profitability.

The Cost-Accounting Mechanism in Higher Educational Institutions.

Science.gov (United States)

Lukoshkin, A. P.; Min'ko, E. V.

1990-01-01

Examines the need to increase expenditures per student at Soviet technical institutes. Proposes seeking financial assistance from enterprises employing technical specialists. Outlines an experimental program in cost accounting. Suggests stipend and wage allotments and explains some of the contractual obligations involved. (CH)

Accounting and cost control of a nuclear power station

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Dangelmaier, P.

1977-01-01

1) chart or classification of accounts, 2) all plant expenses, 3) cost control, 4) storage of spare parts and supplies, 5) control of applicable dose rate, 6) charges for insurance. The accuracy of accounting and cost control is a primary thing for the efficiency in a nuclear power station. The much more important factor is the availability. It is necessary to save costs by a more effective storage or a more detailed and automatic process of single jobs in the workshop. But a very definite experience made in Obrigheim is the fact that not only commercial people know which financial loss will occur if the plant is out of operation one hour. This knowledge is also important for the technical people and for the workers in the workshops. The technical responsibility and the security in operation of the plant and the commercial understanding for the risk of non-availability do not exclude each other. (HP) [de

Methodological aspects of accounting production cost of public sector entities

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Людмила Геннадіївна Ловінська

2015-09-01

Full Text Available The necessity of obtaining objective information about the activities of the public sector in various areas of the production is defined. It is proved an expediency of development the Project of «Guidelines for the structure of production costs» on the basis of the approved in the public sector NP(SAPS 135 "Costs". The need for accounting costs by type of activity (operational, financial and investment is marked. The composition of production costs is defined

Documentation and Analysis of the ’Miscellaneous’ Account Category within the DoD Instruction 7220.29-H Depot Level Maintenance Cost Accounting System.

Science.gov (United States)

1984-12-01

34MISCELLANEOUS" ACCOUNT CATEGORY WITHIN THE DOD INSTRUCTION 7220.29-H DEPOT LEVEL MAINTENANCE COST ACCOUNTING SYSTEM by a. Steven Eugene Lehr CDecember 1984...PERFORMING ONG. REPORT NUMBER Maintenance Cost Accounting System 7. AUTHOR(&) S. CONTRACT OR GRANT NUMBER(@) Steven Eugene Lehr 9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION...Availability Codes IS. KEY WORDS (Continue on reverse *ids It necessary and Identify by block number) Dvi Special Uniform Cost Accounting System DoD

A Study of the Impact of the Lack of a Cost Accounting Standards Board.

Science.gov (United States)

1987-06-01

California 00 ,: SE P 9 7 THESIS SE& A STUDY OF THE IMPACT OF THE LACK OF A COST ACCOUNTING STANDARDS BOARD by James F. Sumner, III June 1987 Thesis...O’ATON COSA1. CODES 16 SuB,*CT j’J.45 Comr~nue n- p.ono ol neeeterV ani denltiy by flO(k f1LrmbCr) E,) ROUP StA IRucost accounting , cost accounting ...thesis has two purposes. First, it attempts to determine whether the absence of the Cost Accounting Standards Board (CASB) has given rise to any areas

76 FR 53377 - Cost Accounting Standards; Allocation of Home Office Expenses to Segments

Science.gov (United States)

2011-08-26

... OFFICE OF MANAGEMENT AND BUDGET Office of Federal Procurement Policy 48 CFR Part 9904 Cost Accounting Standards; Allocation of Home Office Expenses to Segments AGENCY: Office of Management and Budget (OMB), Office of Federal Procurement Policy (OFPP), Cost Accounting Standards Board (Board). ACTION...

Cost Accounting Standards: Determining an Institution's Disclosure Requirements.

Science.gov (United States)

Bruce, Janet D.

1995-01-01

This article discusses the implications of recently adopted U.S. Cost Accounting Standards (CAS) that apply to educational institutions that contract with or receive grants from the federal government. It focuses on the disclosure requirements that colleges and universities must follow to comply with CAS. (MDM)

Implementation of a Cost-Accounting System for Visibility of Weapon Systems Life-Cycle Costs

National Research Council Canada - National Science Library

Ugone, Mary

2001-01-01

.... The DoD Acquisition Reform Goal 10 required DoD to define requirements and establish an implementation plan for a cost-accounting system that provides routine visibility into weapon system life-cycle...

The Impact of Accounting Methods on Cost Reduction Rates in Defense Aerospace Weapons System Programs

Science.gov (United States)

1988-12-01

and adhered to in U.S. industry, allow some flexibility in accounting. Under GAAP , accounting areas such as depreciation , inventory, investment tax... depreciation , inventory and investment tax credit) in predicting cost reduction rates are studied. Of the three accounting variables, only inventory...RATES .. ................. ........... 5 1. Depreciation ........ ............... 6 2. Capitalizing or Expensing of Costs . . .. 6 3. Material Costs

76 FR 79545 - Cost Accounting Standards: Change to the CAS Applicability Threshold for the Inflation Adjustment...

Science.gov (United States)

2011-12-22

... Cost Accounting Standards: Change to the CAS Applicability Threshold for the Inflation Adjustment to... Federal Procurement Policy, Cost Accounting Standards Board. ACTION: Final rule. SUMMARY: The Office of Federal Procurement Policy (OFPP), Cost Accounting Standards (CAS) Board (Board), has adopted, without...

76 FR 40817 - Cost Accounting Standards: Change to the CAS Applicability Threshold for the Inflation Adjustment...

Science.gov (United States)

2011-07-12

... 2011) * * * * * I. Disclosure Statement--Cost Accounting Practices and Certification (a) Any contract... heading ``Disclosure and Consistency of Cost Accounting Practices'', by revising the clause date and...) * * * * * (c) Disclosure and Consistency of Cost Accounting Practices. (1) The contracting officer shall insert...

Implementation of a cost-accounting model in a biobank: practical implications.

Science.gov (United States)

Gonzalez-Sanchez, Maria Beatriz; Lopez-Valeiras, Ernesto; García-Montero, Andres C

2014-01-01

Given the state of global economy, cost measurement and control have become increasingly relevant over the past years. The scarcity of resources and the need to use these resources more efficiently is making cost information essential in management, even in non-profit public institutions. Biobanks are no exception. However, no empirical experiences on the implementation of cost accounting in biobanks have been published to date. The aim of this paper is to present a step-by-step implementation of a cost-accounting tool for the main production and distribution activities of a real/active biobank, including a comprehensive explanation on how to perform the calculations carried out in this model. Two mathematical models for the analysis of (1) production costs and (2) request costs (order management and sample distribution) have stemmed from the analysis of the results of this implementation, and different theoretical scenarios have been prepared. Global analysis and discussion provides valuable information for internal biobank management and even for strategic decisions at the research and development governmental policies level.

A U.K. cost-benefit analysis of circles of support and accountability interventions.

Science.gov (United States)

Elliott, Ian A; Beech, Anthony R

2013-06-01

Circles of Support and Accountability (CoSA) aim to augment sex offender risk management at the point of community reentry by facilitating "Circles" of volunteers who provide support, guidance, and advice, while ensuring that the offender remains accountable for their actions. In this study, the authors provide (a) a rapid evidence assessment of the effectiveness of CoSA in reducing reoffending, and (b) a U.K. cost-benefit analysis for CoSA when compared to the criminal justice costs of reoffending. From the study analysis, the average cost of a "Circle" was estimated to be £11,303 per annum and appears to produce a 50% reduction in reoffending (sexual and nonsexual), as the estimated cost of reoffending was estimated to be £147,161 per offender, per annum. Based on a hypothetical cohort of 100 offenders--50 of whom receive CoSA and 50 of whom do not--investment in CoSA appears to provide a cost saving of £23,494 and a benefit-cost ratio of 1.04. Accounting for estimates that the full extent of the cost to society may be 5 to 10 times the tangible costs substantially increases estimated cost savings related to CoSA.

75 FR 34283 - Federal Acquisition Regulation; FAR Case 2009-025, Disclosure and Consistency of Cost Accounting...

Science.gov (United States)

2010-06-16

... Regulation (FAR) to align the FAR with the revised Cost Accounting Standards (CAS) Board clause, Disclosure....230-4 is replaced in its entirety and re-titled ``Disclosure and Consistency of Cost Accounting...) Disclosure and Consistency of Cost Accounting Practices-- Foreign Concerns. (1) The contracting officer shall...

New AICPA standards aid accounting for the costs of internal-use software.

Science.gov (United States)

Luecke, R W; Meeting, D T; Klingshirn, R G

1999-05-01

Statement of Position (SOP) No. 98-1, "Accounting for the Costs of Computer Software Developed or Obtained for Internal Use," issued by the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants in March 1998, provides financial managers with guidelines regarding which costs involved in developing or obtaining internal-use software should be expensed and which should be capitalized. The SOP identifies three stages in the development of internal-use software: the preliminary project stage, the application development stage, and the postimplementation-operation stage. The SOP provides that all costs incurred during the preliminary project stage should be expensed as incurred. During the application development stage, costs associated with developing or obtaining the software should be capitalized, while costs associated with preparing data for use within the new system should be expensed. Costs incurred during the postimplementation-operation stage, typically associated with training and application maintenance, should be expensed.

Cost accounting models used for price-setting of health services: an international review.

Science.gov (United States)

Raulinajtys-Grzybek, Monika

2014-12-01

The aim of the article was to present and compare cost accounting models which are used in the area of healthcare for pricing purposes in different countries. Cost information generated by hospitals is further used by regulatory bodies for setting or updating prices of public health services. The article presents a set of examples from different countries of the European Union, Australia and the United States and concentrates on DRG-based payment systems as they primarily use cost information for pricing. Differences between countries concern the methodology used, as well as the data collection process and the scope of the regulations on cost accounting. The article indicates that the accuracy of the calculation is only one of the factors that determine the choice of the cost accounting methodology. Important aspects are also the selection of the reference hospitals, precise and detailed regulations and the existence of complex healthcare information systems in hospitals. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

METHODOLOGICAL BASES OF PRACTICAL APPLICATION OF PRODUCTION COSTS MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING AT OIL AND FAT ENTERPRISES

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

E. Mykhalska

2014-12-01

Full Text Available Implementing of models of production costs management accounting in response to responsibility centers into Ukrainian oil and fat enterprises is the aim of their full optimization in terms of current competitive market. Setting production costs as an object of every single responsibility center will enable to update the whole range of accounting operations on costs paperwork, used raw and other materials assessment, cost recovery from labour costs with benefits-related deduction, depreciation recovery due to season production variability, services distribution of auxiliary and service departments and general production costs. In this regard, referring to the current costs accounting at oil and fat enterprises of Ukraine it should be admitted that the main purpose of the article is to explore the above-mentioned issues.

The Influence Of Costs Accounting And Professional Accountant On The Training Of Sales Price Of Micro And Small Enterprises In Porto Velho City

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

César Licório

2016-06-01

Full Text Available The aim of this paper is to identify the contribution of cost accounting and professional accountant, as a competitive advantage in the formation of the selling price of micro and small enterprises in Porto Velho city. The methodology used for the preparation of this work was a survey, of course, literature, descriptive and qualitative, as well as a field study using questionnaire. Starting from the following problem: in a globalized economy, with such aggressive pricing, which the importance of cost accounting and the advice of a professional accountant in the formation of the selling price? This research is justified in the increasingly competitive market, such as the Old Port, where any detail can bring a great advantage in the bottom line. The main results identified show that the vast majority of micro and small entrepreneurs of Porto Velho do not use cost accounting, nor the aid of a counter, a qualified professional with the necessary techniques to support the formation of their prices so they do not incur errors that bring you losses also do not use the advantage of the information that the cost accounting features for decision making. In a globalized economy, specifically in a growing market as the Porto Velho any detail can make the difference between success and failure of a micro and small business, cost accounting becomes an increasingly necessary tool, and it is undeniable the contribution that the counter as specialized professional can bring to the manager has grounds to form their prices, deciding marketing strategies, and control costs.

Cost-Effective Control of Infectious Disease Outbreaks Accounting for Societal Reaction

OpenAIRE

Fast, Shannon M.; Markuzon, Natasha; Gonzalez, Marta C.

2015-01-01

Background Studies of cost-effective disease prevention have typically focused on the tradeoff between the cost of disease transmission and the cost of applying control measures. We present a novel approach that also accounts for the cost of social disruptions resulting from the spread of disease. These disruptions, which we call social response, can include heightened anxiety, strain on healthcare infrastructure, economic losses, or violence. Methodology The spread of disease and social resp...

Methods for cost-benefit-risk analysis of material-accounting upgrades

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Fishbone, L.G.; Gordon, D.M.; Higinbotham, W.; Keisch, B.

1988-01-01

The authors have developed a cost-benefit-risk methodology for evaluating material-accounting upgrades at key measurement points in nuclear facilities. The focus of this methodology is on nuclear-material measurements and their effects on inventory differences and shipper/receiver differences. The methodology has three main components: cost, benefits, and risk factors. The fundamental outcome of the methodology is therefore cost-benefit ratios characterizing the proposed upgrades, with the risk factors applied as necessary to the benefits. Examples illustrate the methodology's use

Cost accounting method for in-situ leaching mines and its application

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Cheng Zongfang; Yang Yihan; Liu Zhanxiang; Lai Yongchun

2008-01-01

Cost structures and accounting method for in-situ leaching mines are studied according to the technical characteeristics of in-situ leaching. A method of cost forecast for in-situ leaching deposit or mine area is presented, and the application of this method is illustrated with examples. (authors)

Strategic cost management as the main component of strategic management accounting

OpenAIRE

Ходзицька, Валентина Василівна

2013-01-01

The influence of cost management on making management decisions and functioning of the system of strategic management accounting was analyzed in the paper. The main aspects of the influence of strategic management accounting on making effective management decisions in the system of integrated management of business entities were highlighted. The scope of the organizational activity, covered by the strategic management accounting was described.The paper shows the orientation of strategic manag...

Comparative Examination of Fair Value Accounting and Historical Cost Accountingin Perspective of Advantages and Disadvantages

OpenAIRE

Arı, Mustafa; Yılmaz, Rıfat

2015-01-01

In this study, it has examined that advantages and disadvantages of fair value accounting and historical cost accounting in comparatively. We discuss advantages and disadvantages of produced financial information according to fair value accounting and historical cost accounting in perspective of reliability, relavance, transparency, intelligibility, comparability, timeliness and financial stability. Literature review results of this study indicate that there are advantages and disadvantages b...

41 CFR 102-33.190 - What are the aircraft operations and ownership costs for which we must account?

Science.gov (United States)

2010-07-01

... operations and ownership costs for which we must account? 102-33.190 Section 102-33.190 Public Contracts and... Parts Accounting for the Cost of Government Aircraft § 102-33.190 What are the aircraft operations and ownership costs for which we must account? You must account for the operations and ownership costs of your...

Full cost accounting in the analysis of separated waste collection efficiency: A methodological proposal.

Science.gov (United States)

D'Onza, Giuseppe; Greco, Giulio; Allegrini, Marco

2016-02-01

Recycling implies additional costs for separated municipal solid waste (MSW) collection. The aim of the present study is to propose and implement a management tool - the full cost accounting (FCA) method - to calculate the full collection costs of different types of waste. Our analysis aims for a better understanding of the difficulties of putting FCA into practice in the MSW sector. We propose a FCA methodology that uses standard cost and actual quantities to calculate the collection costs of separate and undifferentiated waste. Our methodology allows cost efficiency analysis and benchmarking, overcoming problems related to firm-specific accounting choices, earnings management policies and purchase policies. Our methodology allows benchmarking and variance analysis that can be used to identify the causes of off-standards performance and guide managers to deploy resources more efficiently. Our methodology can be implemented by companies lacking a sophisticated management accounting system. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

78 FR 41857 - Simplified Cost Accounting and Other Actions To Reduce Paperwork in the Summer Food Service...

Science.gov (United States)

2013-07-12

... CFR Parts 210 and 225 RIN 0584-AD84 Simplified Cost Accounting and Other Actions To Reduce Paperwork... Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2008. The changes extend simplified cost accounting and reporting procedures... nondiscretionary simplified cost accounting and reporting procedures established in the Consolidated Appropriations...

Managerial innovation in the hospital: an analysis of the diffusion of hospital cost-accounting systems.

Science.gov (United States)

Counte, M A; Glandon, G L

1988-01-01

Currently much interest is focused on the uses of cost-accounting systems within the hospital industry. Proponents frequently contend that such systems will help hospitals successfully adapt to new methods of financial reimbursement because they are essential to a number of major management functions, including competitive bidding, cost management, pricing, and profitability assessment. This article reports the results of a study conducted to examine the extent to which hospitals in a major market are actually beginning to use standard cost-accounting systems and identify factors that either aid or hinder the diffusion of these methods. Chief financial officers from 94 hospitals (83 percent response rate) participated in the study during the summer of 1986 where less than half of the hospitals (43 percent) had recently purchased a cost-accounting system. Detailed information about the interface of cost-accounting systems with other application systems and their specific management uses is reported.

A MANAGERIAL AND COST ACCOUNTING APPROACH OF CUSTOMER PROFITABILITY ANALYSIS

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

CARDOS Ildiko Reka

2010-07-01

Full Text Available In the last years many organizations realized that market orientation is essential to their success. Satisfying the needs of customers, offering them products and services which meet their desires and demands, customer loyalty can increase profitability for long term. After analyzing the existing journal literature in this field we would like to emphasize that managerial accounting, cost calculation methods and techniques, the analysis of costs provides relevant information when analyzing the customer’s profitability. We pay special attention on cost systems. An activity based costing approach takes customer profitability to new levels of accuracy and usefulness, provides the basis for creating, communicating and delivering value to the customers.

[An evaluation of costs in nephrology by means of analytical accounting system].

Science.gov (United States)

Hernández-Jaras, J; García Pérez, H; Pons, R; Calvo, C

2005-01-01

The analytical accounting is a countable technique directed to the evaluation, by means of pre-established criteria of distribution, of the internal economy of the hospital, in order to know the effectiveness and efficiency of Clinical Units. The aim of this study was to analyze the activity and costs of the Nephrology Department of General Hospital of Castellón. Activity of Hospitalization and Ambulatory Care, during 2003 was analysed. Hospitalization discharges were grouped in DGR and the costs per DGR were determinated. Total costs Hospitalisation and Ambulatory Care were 560.434,9 and 146.317,8 Euros, respectively. And the costs of one stay, one first outpatient visit and maintenance visit were 200, 63, and 31,6 Euros, respectively. Eighty per cent of the discharges were grouped in 9 DGR and DRG number 316 (Renal Failure) represented 30% of the total productivity. Costs of DGR 316 were 3.178,2 Euros and 16% represented laboratory cost and costs of diagnostic or therapeutic procedures. With introduction of analytical accounting and DGR system, the Nephrology Departments can acquire more full information on the results and costs of treatment. These techniques permits to improve the financial and economic performance.

Procuring Contracting Officers’ Perceptions of the Contributions Made to Defense Cost Accounting Practices by CAS 401-416.

Science.gov (United States)

1981-09-01

8217 PERCEPTIONS OF THE CONTRIBUTIONS MADE TO DEFENSE COST ACCOUNTING PRACTICES BY CAS 401-416 Captain Bruce E. Simpson, USA LSSR 70-81 The contents of...CONTRIBUTIONS MADE TO DEFENSE MastersThesis COST ACCOUNTING PRACTICES BY CAS 401-416 6. PEROR ING OG. REPORT NUMBER 7. AUTHOR(e) S. CONTRACT OR GRANT...SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES 19. KEY WORDS (Con~tiue, on revere side it naoeaaeuy and Identify by block nuffler) Accounting Cost Accounting Cost Accounting Standards

48 CFR 52.230-4 - Disclosure and Consistency of Cost Accounting Practices-Foreign Concerns.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-10-01

... CONTRACT CLAUSES Text of Provisions and Clauses 52.230-4 Disclosure and Consistency of Cost Accounting... Disclosure Statement, disclose in writing its cost accounting practices as required by 48 CFR 9903.202-1... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 2 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Disclosure and Consistency...

Opportunities and challenges for implementing cost accounting systems in the Kenyan health system

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Elesban Kihuba

2016-06-01

Full Text Available Background: Low- and middle-income countries need to sustain efficiency and equity in health financing on their way to universal health care coverage. However, systems meant to generate quality economic information are often deficient in such settings. We assessed the feasibility of streamlining cost accounting systems within the Kenyan health sector to illustrate the pragmatic challenges and opportunities. Design: We reviewed policy documents, and conducted field observations and semi-structured interviews with key informants in the health sector. We used an adapted Human, Organization and Technology fit (HOT-fit framework to analyze the components and standards of a cost accounting system. Results: Among the opportunities for a viable cost accounting system, we identified a supportive broad policy environment, political will, presence of a national data reporting architecture, good implementation experience with electronic medical records systems, and the availability of patient clinical and resource use data. However, several practical issues need to be considered in the design of the system, including the lack of a framework to guide the costing process, the lack of long-term investment, the lack of appropriate incentives for ground-level staff, and a risk of overburdening the current health management information system. Conclusion: To facilitate the implementation of cost accounting into the health sector, the design of any proposed system needs to remain simple and attuned to the local context.

Opportunities and challenges for implementing cost accounting systems in the Kenyan health system

Science.gov (United States)

Kihuba, Elesban; Gheorghe, Adrian; Bozzani, Fiammetta; English, Mike; Griffiths, Ulla K.

2016-01-01

Background Low- and middle-income countries need to sustain efficiency and equity in health financing on their way to universal health care coverage. However, systems meant to generate quality economic information are often deficient in such settings. We assessed the feasibility of streamlining cost accounting systems within the Kenyan health sector to illustrate the pragmatic challenges and opportunities. Design We reviewed policy documents, and conducted field observations and semi-structured interviews with key informants in the health sector. We used an adapted Human, Organization and Technology fit (HOT-fit) framework to analyze the components and standards of a cost accounting system. Results Among the opportunities for a viable cost accounting system, we identified a supportive broad policy environment, political will, presence of a national data reporting architecture, good implementation experience with electronic medical records systems, and the availability of patient clinical and resource use data. However, several practical issues need to be considered in the design of the system, including the lack of a framework to guide the costing process, the lack of long-term investment, the lack of appropriate incentives for ground-level staff, and a risk of overburdening the current health management information system. Conclusion To facilitate the implementation of cost accounting into the health sector, the design of any proposed system needs to remain simple and attuned to the local context. PMID:27357072

Opportunities and challenges for implementing cost accounting systems in the Kenyan health system.

Science.gov (United States)

Kihuba, Elesban; Gheorghe, Adrian; Bozzani, Fiammetta; English, Mike; Griffiths, Ulla K

2016-01-01

Low- and middle-income countries need to sustain efficiency and equity in health financing on their way to universal health care coverage. However, systems meant to generate quality economic information are often deficient in such settings. We assessed the feasibility of streamlining cost accounting systems within the Kenyan health sector to illustrate the pragmatic challenges and opportunities. We reviewed policy documents, and conducted field observations and semi-structured interviews with key informants in the health sector. We used an adapted Human, Organization and Technology fit (HOT-fit) framework to analyze the components and standards of a cost accounting system. Among the opportunities for a viable cost accounting system, we identified a supportive broad policy environment, political will, presence of a national data reporting architecture, good implementation experience with electronic medical records systems, and the availability of patient clinical and resource use data. However, several practical issues need to be considered in the design of the system, including the lack of a framework to guide the costing process, the lack of long-term investment, the lack of appropriate incentives for ground-level staff, and a risk of overburdening the current health management information system. To facilitate the implementation of cost accounting into the health sector, the design of any proposed system needs to remain simple and attuned to the local context.

A MANAGERIAL AND COST ACCOUNTING APPROACH OF CUSTOMER PROFITABILITY ANALYSIS

OpenAIRE

PETE Stefan; CARDOS Ildiko Reka

2010-01-01

In the last years many organizations realized that market orientation is essential to their success. Satisfying the needs of customers, offering them products and services which meet their desires and demands, customer loyalty can increase profitability for long term. After analyzing the existing journal literature in this field we would like to emphasize that managerial accounting, cost calculation methods and techniques, the analysis of costs provides relevant information when analyzing the...

Throughput Accounting in Strategic Cost Management: An Application

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Mustafa KIRLI

2016-09-01

Full Text Available Strategic cost management considers costs as a factor that has to be managed for gaining competitive advantage. Theory of Constraints is an alternative approach which aims to eliminate the inadequacies of the traditional cost and management accounting techniques in the face of advanced production systems. Theory of Constraints argues that constraints in the production process negatively affect the performance and the profitability of company; because of this constraints have to be managed efficiently. Theory of Constraints bases on management of constraints in the continuous improvement process. Identifying the constraints and managing them efficiently increase the profitability of companies significantly. In this sense, with a hypothetic example in the last section of the study, the effect of efficiently management of a capacity constraint, a kind of constraint, to the profitability of company examined comparatively by Theory of Constraints and traditional contribution margin approaches.

The same-location cost is unrelated to attentional settings: an object-updating account.

Science.gov (United States)

Carmel, Tomer; Lamy, Dominique

2014-08-01

What mechanisms allow us to ignore salient yet irrelevant visual information has been a matter of intense debate. According to the contingent-capture hypothesis, such information is filtered out, whereas according to the salience-based account, it captures attention automatically. Several recent studies have reported a same-location cost that appears to fit neither of these accounts. These showed that responses may actually be slower when the target appears at the location just occupied by an irrelevant singleton distractor. Here, we investigated the mechanisms underlying this same-location cost. Our findings show that the same-location cost is unrelated to automatic attentional capture or strategic setting of attentional priorities, and therefore invalidate the feature-based inhibition and fast attentional disengagement accounts of this effect. In addition, we show that the cost is wiped out when the cue and target are not perceived as parts of the same object. We interpret these findings as indicating that the same-location cost has been previously misinterpreted by both bottom-up and top-down theories of attentional capture. We propose that it is better understood as a consequence of object updating, namely, as the cost of updating the information stored about an object when this object changes across time.

Defense Contract Audit Agency Audits of Contractor Compliance with Cost Accounting Standards

Science.gov (United States)

1999-01-11

Appendix B. Continued Need for Cost Accounting Standards Asset Valuations. GAAP requires that assets be revalued after mergers and acquisitions. If the...purchase method is used to revalue assets , depreciation and amortization costs may increase drastically to be passed on as increased costs on...contractor fully for the assets through normal depreciation . Contractor Pension Plans. Government-funded pension assets must be properly allocated

Cost unit accounting based on a clinical pathway: a practical tool for DRG implementation.

Science.gov (United States)

Feyrer, R; Rösch, J; Weyand, M; Kunzmann, U

2005-10-01

Setting up a reliable cost unit accounting system in a hospital is a fundamental necessity for economic survival, given the current general conditions in the healthcare system. Definition of a suitable cost unit is a crucial factor for success. We present here the development and use of a clinical pathway as a cost unit as an alternative to the DRG. Elective coronary artery bypass grafting was selected as an example. Development of the clinical pathway was conducted according to a modular concept that mirrored all the treatment processes across various levels and modules. Using service records and analyses the process algorithms of the clinical pathway were developed and visualized with CorelTM iGrafix Process 2003. A detailed process cost record constituted the basis of the pathway costing, in which financial evaluation of the treatment processes was performed. The result of this study was a structured clinical pathway for coronary artery bypass grafting together with a cost calculation in the form of cost unit accounting. The use of a clinical pathway as a cost unit offers considerable advantages compared to the DRG or clinical case. The variance in the diagnoses and procedures within a pathway is minimal, so the consumption of resources is homogeneous. This leads to a considerable improvement in the value of cost unit accounting as a strategic control instrument in hospitals.

A simulation model of hospital management based on cost accounting analysis according to disease.

Science.gov (United States)

Tanaka, Koji; Sato, Junzo; Guo, Jinqiu; Takada, Akira; Yoshihara, Hiroyuki

2004-12-01

Since a little before 2000, hospital cost accounting has been increasingly performed at Japanese national university hospitals. At Kumamoto University Hospital, for instance, departmental costs have been analyzed since 2000. And, since 2003, the cost balance has been obtained according to certain diseases for the preparation of Diagnosis-Related Groups and Prospective Payment System. On the basis of these experiences, we have constructed a simulation model of hospital management. This program has worked correctly at repeated trials and with satisfactory speed. Although there has been room for improvement of detailed accounts and cost accounting engine, the basic model has proved satisfactory. We have constructed a hospital management model based on the financial data of an existing hospital. We will later improve this program from the viewpoint of construction and using more various data of hospital management. A prospective outlook may be obtained for the practical application of this hospital management model.

Environmental Cost Accounting – Assessing the Environmental Responsibility Effort

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Florian Marcel Nuțǎ

2012-05-01

Full Text Available The paper’s aim is to evaluate different approaches of environmental cost accounting used aroundthe world. One of the main issues of modern enterprise is to affirm its responsible behavior and to connect itwith a positive economic benefit for the shareholders. Practically the management systems must find a way toaddress all the stakeholders’ interests and needs.

Debate Regarding Measuring Accounting Value: Historical Cost against Fair Value

OpenAIRE

Victor Munteanu; Marilena Zuca

2015-01-01

The transition from historical cost to fair value represents an option with major implications in accounting, because it is a complex process that requires tuning to today’s trends of national and global economy. We can state that with all the advantages of using historical cost it has its limitations and it is” getting old”. That doesn’t mean that will be abandoned but substituted when it is needed with another value. At present, the lack of historical value is inconceivable; many practit...

Bias in Examination Test Banks that Accompany Cost Accounting Texts.

Science.gov (United States)

Clute, Ronald C.; McGrail, George R.

1989-01-01

Eight text banks that accompany cost accounting textbooks were evaluated for the presence of bias in the distribution of correct responses. All but one were found to have considerable bias, and three of eight were found to have significant choice bias. (SK)

Analysis of the Possibility to Organize the Management Accounting through the Target Costing (TC Method in the Romanian Entities

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Sorinel CĂPUŞNEANU

2011-09-01

Full Text Available This article presents a way of organizing the management accounting and cost calculation through the Target Costing method. There are treated the development stages of Target Costing method, and the role of the management accountant in the development and implementation of this method. The causes behind the choice to adapt the principles of Target Costing method to the Romanian General Accounting Plan and the operation of accounts used in highlighting economic and financial operations at the entity leve have been analyzedl. There are treated theoretical and applied the methodological steps taken in the management accounting and cost calculation. The article ends with the conclusions of the authors about the possibility of adapting the principles of Target Costing method to the Romanian General Accounting Plan and the advantages offered by this method.

Cost account in agriculture with particular accordance to requirements of decision making process and controls

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Tomasz Kondraszuk

2009-01-01

Full Text Available The article presents cost account applicability in the agricultural companies regarding the general theory of economic and organisation of enterprises. The main focus was laid down to analyse the unit total cost account with variable costs and their applicability in three spheres: stock valuation and profit, requirements of planning and decision making processes and controlling. It was concluded that cost calculation at the level of agricultural enterprise should be an inherent element of integrated information system at the level of registry, planning, decision making and control.

41 CFR 102-33.195 - Do we need an automated system to account for aircraft costs?

Science.gov (United States)

2010-07-01

... for the Cost of Government Aircraft § 102-33.195 Do we need an automated system to account for... automated system to account for aircraft costs by collecting the cost data elements required by the Federal... through FAIRS, but are not required to have an automated system (see §§ 102-33.435 and 102-33.440 for the...

Opportunities for the improvement of cost accounting systems in public hospitals in Italy and Croatia: A case study

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Michele Bertoni

2017-01-01

Full Text Available The purpose of this paper is to highlight similarities and differences between one Croatian and one Italian public hospital regarding the implementation of cost accounting and full costing method in their accounting systems. Moving from the theoretical background, it is evident that cost accounting methods introduced in healthcare sector bring benefits to the whole society through an increased efficiency of the healthcare services provided. It primarily ensures better governing of hospital’s resources allowing more transparency in spending public funds. The main topic is that with the introduction of cost accounting system for internal purposes in public hospitals, the management would be able to govern them in a more efficient and effective way while reducing costs. The research for this paper was conducted through the interview of accounting officers in one Croatian and one Italian public hospital. The main results show that there are differences in legislation background regarding how they record costs, but also how they allocate costs to the cost objects and in how they use cost information in their decision-making process. In order to successfully manage public hospitals, it is crucial that true, timely and valid information are obtained as a base for the decision-making process. The cost accounting methodology is therefore essential to the management of public hospitals. It must provide information on the type and amount of resources spent, and thus enable the preconditions for control, management and potential reduction of costs.

Accounting for Inventories as Service Producing Cost in Hospitals In According To Turkish Accounting Standard-2

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Seyhan Çil Koçyiğit

2011-03-01

Full Text Available As known, service is an intangible concept. This prevents services to be stored and makes them impossible to be used in another time in the future. Thus, it is a matter of discussion to suppose the services (which occur in the hospitals as an intangible concept as inventory. There are some differences between Turkish uniform accounting system and Turkish accounting standards in stockpiling the service producing costs in hospitals. In this study, especially Turkish Accounting Standard-2 Inventories is considered regarding service inventories in order to emphasise the differences and guiding to apply this standard towards hospitals is aimed. Furthermore, a sample is issued in booking the service inventories in hospitals by using financials of Acıbadem Health Services CO. as the unique hospital written in İstanbul Stock Exchange. At the end of the study, more truthful results has been inspected by applying Turkish Accounting Standard-2 instead of current application by compliying with the matching principle as well.

An Analysis of the Cost Accounting System for the Depot Maintenance Service, Air Force Industrial Fund.

Science.gov (United States)

1987-09-01

AN A NALYSIS OF THE COST ACCOUNTING SYSTEM FOR THE DEPOT 1/1 MRINTENANCE SERVI..(U) MIR FORCE INST OF TECH IIGHT-PTTERSON RFB OH SCHOOL OF SYST.. 0 L...I "VV h S~ ~~i FiLE COV, THSI CIO ~OF AN ANALYSIS OF THE COST ACCOUNTING SYSTEM FOR THE DEPOT MAINTENANCE SERVICE, AIR FORCE INDUSTRIAL FUND...Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio ~ p~UOW~~ ’ I ~ 1 12 02 0 AFIT/GLM/LSY/87S-83 AN ANALYSIS OF THE COST ACCOUNTING SYSTEM FOR THE DEPOT MAINTENANCE SERVICE, AIR

Historical Cost Dan General Price Level Accounting: Analisis Relevansi Indikator Keuangan

OpenAIRE

-, Meythi; Teresa, Sheffie

2012-01-01

In conventional accounting, financial statements are based on the historical cost principle that assumes that prices (monetary unit) are stable. Conventional accounting recognizes neither changes in the general price level nor changes in the specific price level. Consequently, if there are any changes in purchasing power such as in inflation period, the historical financial statement are not economically relevant and also income is usually overstated, and the fixed assets are usually understa...

Applying cost accounting to operating room staffing in otolaryngology: time-driven activity-based costing and outpatient adenotonsillectomy.

Science.gov (United States)

Balakrishnan, Karthik; Goico, Brian; Arjmand, Ellis M

2015-04-01

(1) To describe the application of a detailed cost-accounting method (time-driven activity-cased costing) to operating room personnel costs, avoiding the proxy use of hospital and provider charges. (2) To model potential cost efficiencies using different staffing models with the case study of outpatient adenotonsillectomy. Prospective cost analysis case study. Tertiary pediatric hospital. All otolaryngology providers and otolaryngology operating room staff at our institution. Time-driven activity-based costing demonstrated precise per-case and per-minute calculation of personnel costs. We identified several areas of unused personnel capacity in a basic staffing model. Per-case personnel costs decreased by 23.2% by allowing a surgeon to run 2 operating rooms, despite doubling all other staff. Further cost reductions up to a total of 26.4% were predicted with additional staffing rearrangements. Time-driven activity-based costing allows detailed understanding of not only personnel costs but also how personnel time is used. This in turn allows testing of alternative staffing models to decrease unused personnel capacity and increase efficiency. © American Academy of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery Foundation 2015.

The Effect of Conservative Accounting on the Bondholder-Shareholder Conflict and Cost of Debt

OpenAIRE

Nordlind, Felix; Lucki Racana, Samuel

2013-01-01

Prior research on conservative accounting and bondholder-shareholder conflict show that firms with higher degree of conservatism experience less austere conflict and lower cost of debt. However, since the implementation of IFRS in 2005, conservatism has been widely reduced in favor of fair value principles. This study sets out to examine if accounting conservatism still mitigates the conflict and reduces cost of debt. We regress two measures of conservatism on three conflict proxies and debt ...

A critical review of accounting and economic methods for estimating the costs of addiction treatment.

Science.gov (United States)

Cartwright, William S

2008-04-01

Researchers have been at the forefront of applying new costing methods to drug abuse treatment programs and innovations. The motivation for such work has been to improve costing accuracy. Recent work has seen applications initiated in establishing charts of account and cost accounting for service delivery. As a result, researchers now have available five methods to apply to the costing of drug abuse treatment programs. In all areas of costing, there is room for more research on costing concepts and measurement applications. Additional work would be useful in establishing studies with activity-based costing for both research and managerial purposes. Studies of economies of scope are particularly relevant because of the integration of social services and criminal justice in drug abuse treatment. In the long run, managerial initiatives to improve the administration and quality of drug abuse treatment will benefit directly from research with new information on costing techniques.

Debate Regarding Measuring Accounting Value: Historical Cost against Fair Value

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Victor Munteanu

2015-12-01

Full Text Available The transition from historical cost to fair value represents an option with major implications in accounting, because it is a complex process that requires tuning to today’s trends of national and global economy. We can state that with all the advantages of using historical cost it has its limitations and it is” getting old”. That doesn’t mean that will be abandoned but substituted when it is needed with another value. At present, the lack of historical value is inconceivable; many practitioners consider it to be the best method to evaluate assets.

Using the Student Research Project to Integrate Macroeconomics and Statistics in an Advanced Cost Accounting Course

Science.gov (United States)

Hassan, Mahamood M.; Schwartz, Bill N.

2014-01-01

This paper discusses a student research project that is part of an advanced cost accounting class. The project emphasizes active learning, integrates cost accounting with macroeconomics and statistics by "learning by doing" using real world data. Students analyze sales data for a publicly listed company by focusing on the company's…

Constrained Optimization Problems in Cost and Managerial Accounting--Spreadsheet Tools

Science.gov (United States)

Amlie, Thomas T.

2009-01-01

A common problem addressed in Managerial and Cost Accounting classes is that of selecting an optimal production mix given scarce resources. That is, if a firm produces a number of different products, and is faced with scarce resources (e.g., limitations on labor, materials, or machine time), what combination of products yields the greatest profit…

Integration of water footprint accounting and costs for optimal pulp supply mix in paper industry

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Manzardo, Alessandro; Ren, Jingzheng; Piantella, Antonio

2014-01-01

studies have focused on these aspects, but there have been no previous reports on the integrated application of raw material water footprint accounting and costs in the definition of the optimal supply mix of chemical pulps from different countries. The current models that have been applied specifically...... that minimizes the water footprint accounting results and costs of chemical pulp, thereby facilitating the assessment of the water footprint by accounting for different chemical pulps purchased from various suppliers, with a focus on the efficiency of the production process. Water footprint accounting...... was adapted to better represent the efficiency of pulp and paper production. A multi-objective model for supply mix optimization was also developed using multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA). Water footprint accounting confirmed the importance of the production efficiency of chemical pulp, which affected...

Improving hospital cost accounting with activity-based costing.

Science.gov (United States)

Chan, Y C

1993-01-01

In this article, activity-based costing, an approach that has proved to be an improvement over the conventional costing system in product costing, is introduced. By combining activity-based costing with standard costing, health care administrators can better plan and control the costs of health services provided while ensuring that the organization's bottom line is healthy.

48 CFR 9903.302 - Definitions, explanations, and illustrations of the terms, “cost accounting practice” and “change...

Science.gov (United States)

2010-10-01

... ACCOUNTING STANDARDS CONTRACT COVERAGE CAS Rules and Regulations 9903.302 Definitions, explanations, and... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 7 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Definitions, explanations, and illustrations of the terms, âcost accounting practiceâ and âchange to a cost accounting practice.â...

Improving health care costing with resource consumption accounting.

Science.gov (United States)

Ozyapici, Hasan; Tanis, Veyis Naci

2016-07-11

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to explore the differences between a traditional costing system (TCS) and resource consumption accounting (RCA) based on a case study carried out in a hospital. Design/methodology/approach - A descriptive case study was first carried out to identify the current costing system of the case hospital. An exploratory case study was then conducted to reveal how implementing RCA within the case hospital assigns costs differently to gallbladder surgeries than the current costing system (i.e. a TCS). Findings - The study showed that, in contrast to a TCS, RCA considers the unused capacity, which is the difference between the work that can be performed based on current resources and the work that is actually being performed. Therefore, it assigns lower total costs to open and laparoscopic gallbladder surgeries. The study also showed that by separating costs into fixed and variable RCA allows managers to benefit from a pricing strategy based on the difference between the service's selling price and variable costs incurred in providing that service. Research limitations/implications - The limitation of this study is that, because of time constraints, the implementation was performed in the general surgery department only. However, since RCA is an advanced system that has the same application procedures for any department inside in a hospital, managers need only time gaps to implement this system to all parts of the hospital. Practical implications - This study concluded that RCA is better than a TCS for use in health care settings that have high overhead costs because it accurately assigns overhead costs to services by considering unused capacities incurred by a hospital. Consequently, this study provides insight into both measuring and managing unused capacities within the health care sector. This study also concluded that RCA helps health care administrators increase their competitive advantage by allowing them to determine the lowest

Assessing DRG cost accounting with respect to resource allocation and tariff calculation: the case of Germany

Science.gov (United States)

2012-01-01

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the German diagnosis related groups (G-DRG) cost accounting scheme by assessing its resource allocation at hospital level and its tariff calculation at national level. First, the paper reviews and assesses the three steps in the G-DRG resource allocation scheme at hospital level: (1) the groundwork; (2) cost-center accounting; and (3) patient-level costing. Second, the paper reviews and assesses the three steps in G-DRG national tariff calculation: (1) plausibility checks; (2) inlier calculation; and (3) the “one hospital” approach. The assessment is based on the two main goals of G-DRG introduction: improving transparency and efficiency. A further empirical assessment attests high costing quality. The G-DRG cost accounting scheme shows high system quality in resource allocation at hospital level, with limitations concerning a managerially relevant full cost approach and limitations in terms of advanced activity-based costing at patient-level. However, the scheme has serious flaws in national tariff calculation: inlier calculation is normative, and the “one hospital” model causes cost bias, adjustment and representativeness issues. The G-DRG system was designed for reimbursement calculation, but developed to a standard with strategic management implications, generalized by the idea of adapting a hospital’s cost structures to DRG revenues. This combination causes problems in actual hospital financing, although resource allocation is advanced at hospital level. PMID:22935314

Assessing DRG cost accounting with respect to resource allocation and tariff calculation: the case of Germany.

Science.gov (United States)

Vogl, Matthias

2012-08-30

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the German diagnosis related groups (G-DRG) cost accounting scheme by assessing its resource allocation at hospital level and its tariff calculation at national level. First, the paper reviews and assesses the three steps in the G-DRG resource allocation scheme at hospital level: (1) the groundwork; (2) cost-center accounting; and (3) patient-level costing. Second, the paper reviews and assesses the three steps in G-DRG national tariff calculation: (1) plausibility checks; (2) inlier calculation; and (3) the "one hospital" approach. The assessment is based on the two main goals of G-DRG introduction: improving transparency and efficiency. A further empirical assessment attests high costing quality. The G-DRG cost accounting scheme shows high system quality in resource allocation at hospital level, with limitations concerning a managerially relevant full cost approach and limitations in terms of advanced activity-based costing at patient-level. However, the scheme has serious flaws in national tariff calculation: inlier calculation is normative, and the "one hospital" model causes cost bias, adjustment and representativeness issues. The G-DRG system was designed for reimbursement calculation, but developed to a standard with strategic management implications, generalized by the idea of adapting a hospital's cost structures to DRG revenues. This combination causes problems in actual hospital financing, although resource allocation is advanced at hospital level.

Historical Costs versus Fair Value Measurement in Financial Accounting

OpenAIRE

Dvořáková, Dana

2009-01-01

There are two important points in which in which we need assets and liabilities measured in financial accounting: on initial recognition and at a balance sheet day. Many International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) used the fair value measurement concept. But most of these standards use the fair value measurement method only at a balance sheet day. On initial recognition assets and liabilities are measured usually at costs. The IASB presented the discussion paper “Measurement Bases for ...

An analysis of the adoption of managerial innovation: cost accounting systems in hospitals.

Science.gov (United States)

Glandon, G L; Counte, M A

1995-11-01

The adoption of new medical technologies has received significant attention in the hospital industry, in part, because of its observed relation to hospital cost increases. However, few comprehensive studies exist regarding the adoption of non-medical technologies in the hospital setting. This paper develops and tests a model of the adoption of a managerial innovation, new to the hospital industry, that of cost accounting systems based upon standard costs. The conceptual model hypothesizes that four organizational context factors (size, complexity, ownership and slack resources) and two environmental factors (payor mix and interorganizational dependency) influence hospital adoption of cost accounting systems. Based on responses to a mail survey of hospitals in the Chicago area and AHA annual survey information for 1986, a sample of 92 hospitals was analyzed. Greater hospital size, complexity, slack resources, and interorganizational dependency all were associated with adoption. Payor mix had no significant influence and the hospital ownership variables had a mixed influence. The logistic regression model was significant overall and explained over 15% of the variance in the adoption decision.

An empirical analysis of fiscal federalism implementation and of cost accounting in Italian public administrations

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Pina Puntillo

2012-09-01

Full Text Available The concept of cost has been introduced in Italian Administration since the early nineties. There is a copious legislation referring directly or indirectly, to the need, as well as to the utility of measuring the costs of public administration, in deference, to a renewed interpretation of the constitutional principle of Good Performance in pursuance of Article. 97 of the Italian Constitution. The most recent and probably the most significant intervention at institutional level, is the implementation of fiscal federalism as provided by Law. 42, 2009. The core features of fiscal federalism are the transition from historical expenditure to standard costs as a criterion for determining financial needs of public bodies, together with the attempt to establish more meaningful accountability mechanisms, both to policy makers and to public management. The measurement of standard costs represents one of the pillars of fiscal federalism and it will be pursued using the mechanism of "best practice". Full implementation of fiscal federalism, therefore, requires the verification of the operating costs of all public administrations. According to statutory law, regions are also required to provide verification of operating costs, for the successful pursuing of fiscal federalism. The present research is going to assess the level of diffusion of cost accounting in Italian regional public administrations. The methodology used for this paper includes the analysis of regional law as well as interviews to the officials of accounting and auditing offices

Cost Accounting of Venture Company Depending on the Stage of Its Life Cycle

OpenAIRE

Olha Usatenko

2015-01-01

The purpose of the article is to identify groups of costs that are inherent in life-cycle stages of venture companies and which directly are the objects of accounting. The author distinguishes stages of the life cycle of the venture company with an indication of the degree of risk and the need for venture capital, which determine the accounting tasks required to reflect it. The model of lifecycle accounting of venture company is grounded. The conventional range of expected return on the inves...

48 CFR 9903.302-3 - Illustrations of changes which meet the definition of “change to a cost accounting practice.”

Science.gov (United States)

2010-10-01

... which meet the definition of âchange to a cost accounting practice.â 9903.302-3 Section 9903.302-3 Federal Acquisition Regulations System COST ACCOUNTING STANDARDS BOARD, OFFICE OF FEDERAL PROCUREMENT POLICY, OFFICE OF MANAGEMENT AND BUDGET PROCUREMENT PRACTICES AND COST ACCOUNTING STANDARDS CONTRACT...

Lean accounting – as a future accounting system

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

M.V. Koryagin

2017-12-01

Full Text Available The historical development of lean accounting is researched. The comparison of lean accounting and accounting is carried out. The article determines the lean accounting basic principles, which are the basis for the selection of main ten steps of upgrading to the system of lean accounting: the evaluation of the current situation and the expected development prospects of the enterprise; the development of the principles of implementing lean accounting; the determining the production parameters and methodology of the economic model construction; the organization of lean manufacturing environment and reducing most of the stock; the determining the flow of value creation; the rejection of variable accounting and reverse cancellation of all labor costs and the cost of materials; the rejection of tracking stocks and assign of the costs directly to the costs of sales when occurred; the definition of client-targeted spending; the relationship with suppliers and automation of the accounts payable; the relationship with customers and automation of the payments received.

Comparison of cost determination of both resource consumption accounting and time-driven activity-based costing systems in a healthcare setting.

Science.gov (United States)

Özyapıcı, Hasan; Tanış, Veyis Naci

2017-05-01

Objective The aim of the present study was to explore the differences between resource consumption accounting (RCA) and time-driven activity-based costing (TDABC) systems in determining the costs of services of a healthcare setting. Methods A case study was conducted to calculate the unit costs of open and laparoscopic gall bladder surgeries using TDABC and RCA. Results The RCA system assigns a higher cost both to open and laparoscopic gall bladder surgeries than TDABC. The total cost of unused capacity under the TDABC system is also double that in RCA. Conclusion Unlike TDABC, RCA calculates lower costs for unused capacities but higher costs for products or services in a healthcare setting in which fixed costs make up a high proportion of total costs. What is known about the topic? TDABC is a revision of the activity-based costing (ABC) system. RCA is also a new costing system that includes both the theoretical advantages of ABC and the practical advantages of German costing. However, little is known about the differences arising from application of TDABC and RCA. What does this paper add? There is no study comparing both TDABC and RCA in a single case study based on a real-world healthcare setting. Thus, the present study fills this gap in the literature and it is unique in the sense that it is the first case study comparing TDABC and RCA for open and laparoscopic gall bladder surgeries in a healthcare setting. What are the implications for practitioners? This study provides several interesting results for managers and cost accounting researchers. Thus, it will contribute to the spread of RCA studies in healthcare settings. It will also help the implementers of TDABC to revise data concerning the cost of unused capacity. In addition, by separating costs into fixed and variable, the paper will help managers to create a blended (combined) system that can improve both short- and long-term decisions.

Carbon accounting and cost estimation in forestry projects using CO2Fix V.3

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Groen, T.A.; Nabuurs, G.J.; Schelhaas, M.J.

2006-01-01

Carbon and financial accounting of projects in the Land Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry sector is a topic of hot debate. Large uncertainty remains concerning the carbon dynamics, the way they should be accounted and the cost efficiency of the projects. Part of the uncertainty can be alleviated by

Cost-effectiveness of rotavirus immunization in Indonesia taking breastfeeding patterns into account

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Suwantika, A.A.; Tu, H.A.T.; Postma, M.J.

2012-01-01

OBJECTIVES: This study aims to assess the cost-effectiveness of rotavirus immunization in Indonesia, taking breastfeeding patterns explicitly into account. METHODS: An age-structured cohort model was developed for the 2011 Indonesia birth cohort. Next, we compared two strategies, the current

ESTIMATING THE COST-VALUE RELATIONSHIP USING INSTRUMENTS OF MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTANCY

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Iuliana GEORGESCU

2010-12-01

Full Text Available According to the Declaration of the International Federation of Accountants (IFAC, 1998, in the managementaccounting evolution the period after 1995 is characterized by the interest in creating or producing value throughefficacious and efficient use of resources using the techniques whuch analyze the value inductors for the customer andshareholders, through institutional innovation. In this context, the concern is to eliminate "non-value added activities",that were characteristic for higher prices without increasing value for the customer. Awareness of this fact wasfollowed by a general mobilization to cover the development of integrative tools and models designed to manage costsand value together, put them in bundles and carry out arbitrage between these two categories of elements: "the stakes isto optimize the enterprise supply by adapting the capital that it invests at the same level that is the customer value of theproduct".Starting from the definition of value, we intend to begin to explore the concept of customer value and, in particular, wewill try to see if it differs from the price paid by the customer. Then we highlight the complexity of the concept ofcustomer, multiple customers and unstable customers, because this is the fact that makes measuring and ranking thevalues that they perceive to be difficult, or in any case, relative. In the second part of the article we will look on theproblematic relationship between cost and value. To do this we will analyze the main management accounting methodsproposed to build this relationship, especially insisting on the target costing method and activity-based costing method.

The influence of temporary differences between accounting and tax revenues, proprietary costs and liquidity on profit growth

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

NURAMALIA HASANAH

2017-07-01

Full Text Available This study aimed to examine the influence of temporary differences between accounting profit and tax, proprietary costs, and Liquidity toward earnings growth of the companies listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX 2011-2012. The factors examined in this study are temporary differences between accounting profit and tax, proprietary costs, and liquidity as an independent variable, while earnings growth has the dependent variable. This study used a descriptive quantitative method using secondary data and the number of samples collected was thirty- eight (38 that have met the criteria the researchers used purposive sampling. From the data that has been collected and then processed and analyzed using multiple regression analysis with a significance level of 0.05. This research proves temporary differences between accounting profit and tax has no significant influence on earnings growth, proprietary cost has no significant influence on earnings growth, and liquidity has negatively significant influence earnings growth. Temporary differences between accounting profit and tax, proprietary costs, and liquidity together or simultaneously significant influence toward the earnings growth.

Cost effectiveness of amoxicillin for lower respiratory tract infections in primary care: an economic evaluation accounting for the cost of antimicrobial resistance.

Science.gov (United States)

Oppong, Raymond; Smith, Richard D; Little, Paul; Verheij, Theo; Butler, Christopher C; Goossens, Herman; Coenen, Samuel; Moore, Michael; Coast, Joanna

2016-09-01

Lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) are a major disease burden and are often treated with antibiotics. Typically, studies evaluating the use of antibiotics focus on immediate costs of care, and do not account for the wider implications of antimicrobial resistance. This study sought to establish whether antibiotics (principally amoxicillin) are cost effective in patients with LRTIs, and to explore the implications of taking into account costs associated with resistance. Multinational randomised double-blinded trial in 2060 patients with acute cough/LRTIs recruited in 12 European countries. A cost-utility analysis from a health system perspective with a time horizon of 28 days was conducted. The primary outcome measure was the quality-adjusted life year (QALY). Hierarchical modelling was used to estimate incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs). Amoxicillin was associated with an ICER of €8216 (£6540) per QALY gained when the cost of resistance was excluded. If the cost of resistance is greater than €11 (£9) per patient, then amoxicillin treatment is no longer cost effective. Including possible estimates of the cost of resistance resulted in ICERs ranging from €14 730 (£11 949) per QALY gained - when only multidrug resistance costs and health care costs are included - to €727 135 (£589 856) per QALY gained when broader societal costs are also included. Economic evaluation of antibiotic prescribing strategies that do not include the cost of resistance may provide misleading results that could be of questionable use to policymakers. However, further work is required to estimate robust costs of resistance. © British Journal of General Practice 2016.

(Dysfunctionality of accounting cost systems in manufacturing companies of Tuzla canton

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Sado Puškarević

2014-12-01

Full Text Available This paper shows the results of the conducted primary survey on functionality of cost systems in manufacturing companies of Tuzla Canton (hereinafter “TC”. This paper assesses their adequacy to the needs of these companies: the present needs, and the ones that will be brought by the changes in the environment. These systems have to be up-to-date, as they influence the process of cost management, which is the key factor of companies’ adaptation to the conditions of a modern market. Cost management, which is based on the information of a cost system, enables the company to take the adequate stand towards customers on markets and toward their competition. Also, the quality cost information is a precondition for effective and efficient allocation of limited resources in a transitional period of society development. Therefore, only quality designed cost system in transitional economy will enable recovery, and then, growth and development of a company. This emphasizes the importance of research of the stated issues for transitional countries. The research results should also help to persuade the management about the need to modernize the operation organization, primarily the accounting function, mainly in the part of cost system organization. The determined defects, as well as deviances in relation to current needs for information about costs, are guidelines for an adequate process of redesigning cost systems in companies of transitional economy.

Cost-effectiveness of rotavirus immunization in Indonesia : Taking breastfeeding patterns into account

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Suwantika, Auliya A.; Tu, Hong Anh T.; Postma, Maarten J.

2013-01-01

Objective: This study aims to assess the cost-effectiveness of rotavirus immunization in Indonesia, taking breastfeeding patterns explicitly into account. Method: An age-structured cohort model was developed for the 2011 Indonesia birth cohort. Next, we compared two strategies, the current situation

Structure and organization of the cost accounting system at the Research Centre Seibersdorf

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Nevyjel, A.; Firmkranz, W.

1979-01-01

The Oesterreichische Studiengesellschaft fuer Atomenergy introduced a cost accounting system for internal project accounting at the Research Centre Seibersdorf as per 1st January 1976. This paper gives a survey of the different types of data collection, data flow and function of the programme system and the possibilities of data evaluation and interpretation and it describes the experiences made with the operation of the system so far. (auth.)

Cost effectiveness of amoxicillin for lower respiratory tract infections in primary care: an economic evaluation accounting for the cost of antimicrobial resistance

Science.gov (United States)

Oppong, Raymond; Smith, Richard D; Little, Paul; Verheij, Theo; Butler, Christopher C; Goossens, Herman; Coenen, Samuel; Moore, Michael; Coast, Joanna

2016-01-01

Background Lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) are a major disease burden and are often treated with antibiotics. Typically, studies evaluating the use of antibiotics focus on immediate costs of care, and do not account for the wider implications of antimicrobial resistance. Aim This study sought to establish whether antibiotics (principally amoxicillin) are cost effective in patients with LRTIs, and to explore the implications of taking into account costs associated with resistance. Design and setting Multinational randomised double-blinded trial in 2060 patients with acute cough/LRTIs recruited in 12 European countries. Method A cost-utility analysis from a health system perspective with a time horizon of 28 days was conducted. The primary outcome measure was the quality-adjusted life year (QALY). Hierarchical modelling was used to estimate incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs). Results Amoxicillin was associated with an ICER of €8216 (£6540) per QALY gained when the cost of resistance was excluded. If the cost of resistance is greater than €11 (£9) per patient, then amoxicillin treatment is no longer cost effective. Including possible estimates of the cost of resistance resulted in ICERs ranging from €14 730 (£11 949) per QALY gained — when only multidrug resistance costs and health care costs are included — to €727 135 (£589 856) per QALY gained when broader societal costs are also included. Conclusion Economic evaluation of antibiotic prescribing strategies that do not include the cost of resistance may provide misleading results that could be of questionable use to policymakers. However, further work is required to estimate robust costs of resistance. PMID:27402969

Carbon accounting and cost estimation in forestry projects using CO2Fix V.3

OpenAIRE

Groen, T.A.; Nabuurs, G.J.; Schelhaas, M.J.

2006-01-01

Carbon and financial accounting of projects in the Land Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry sector is a topic of hot debate. Large uncertainty remains concerning the carbon dynamics, the way they should be accounted and the cost efficiency of the projects. Part of the uncertainty can be alleviated by standardisation and transparency of reporting methods. For this reason we further developed CO2FIX, a forest ecosystem carbon model, with modules for carbon and financial accounting. The model is a...

18 CFR 367.4160 - Account 416, Costs and expenses of merchandising, jobbing and contract work.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-04-01

... expenses of merchandising, jobbing and contract work. 367.4160 Section 367.4160 Conservation of Power and... § 367.4160 Account 416, Costs and expenses of merchandising, jobbing and contract work. (a) This account... sales rooms. (8) Maintaining display counters and other equipment used in merchandising. (9) Arranging...

Cost-Effective Control of Infectious Disease Outbreaks Accounting for Societal Reaction.

Science.gov (United States)

Fast, Shannon M; González, Marta C; Markuzon, Natasha

2015-01-01

Studies of cost-effective disease prevention have typically focused on the tradeoff between the cost of disease transmission and the cost of applying control measures. We present a novel approach that also accounts for the cost of social disruptions resulting from the spread of disease. These disruptions, which we call social response, can include heightened anxiety, strain on healthcare infrastructure, economic losses, or violence. The spread of disease and social response are simulated under several different intervention strategies. The modeled social response depends upon the perceived risk of the disease, the extent of disease spread, and the media involvement. Using Monte Carlo simulation, we estimate the total number of infections and total social response for each strategy. We then identify the strategy that minimizes the expected total cost of the disease, which includes the cost of the disease itself, the cost of control measures, and the cost of social response. The model-based simulations suggest that the least-cost disease control strategy depends upon the perceived risk of the disease, as well as media intervention. The most cost-effective solution for diseases with low perceived risk was to implement moderate control measures. For diseases with higher perceived severity, such as SARS or Ebola, the most cost-effective strategy shifted toward intervening earlier in the outbreak, with greater resources. When intervention elicited increased media involvement, it remained important to control high severity diseases quickly. For moderate severity diseases, however, it became most cost-effective to implement no intervention and allow the disease to run its course. Our simulation results imply that, when diseases are perceived as severe, the costs of social response have a significant influence on selecting the most cost-effective strategy.

Cost-Effective Control of Infectious Disease Outbreaks Accounting for Societal Reaction.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Shannon M Fast

Full Text Available Studies of cost-effective disease prevention have typically focused on the tradeoff between the cost of disease transmission and the cost of applying control measures. We present a novel approach that also accounts for the cost of social disruptions resulting from the spread of disease. These disruptions, which we call social response, can include heightened anxiety, strain on healthcare infrastructure, economic losses, or violence.The spread of disease and social response are simulated under several different intervention strategies. The modeled social response depends upon the perceived risk of the disease, the extent of disease spread, and the media involvement. Using Monte Carlo simulation, we estimate the total number of infections and total social response for each strategy. We then identify the strategy that minimizes the expected total cost of the disease, which includes the cost of the disease itself, the cost of control measures, and the cost of social response.The model-based simulations suggest that the least-cost disease control strategy depends upon the perceived risk of the disease, as well as media intervention. The most cost-effective solution for diseases with low perceived risk was to implement moderate control measures. For diseases with higher perceived severity, such as SARS or Ebola, the most cost-effective strategy shifted toward intervening earlier in the outbreak, with greater resources. When intervention elicited increased media involvement, it remained important to control high severity diseases quickly. For moderate severity diseases, however, it became most cost-effective to implement no intervention and allow the disease to run its course. Our simulation results imply that, when diseases are perceived as severe, the costs of social response have a significant influence on selecting the most cost-effective strategy.

Assessing District-Heating Sustainability. Case Studies of CO{sub 2} Mitigation Strategies and Environmental Cost Accounting

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Fahlen, Elsa

2012-11-01

District heating (DH) may play an important role in achieving the EU goal of a secure, competitive and sustainable energy supply. Integrated energy solutions based on technologies, such as biomass gasification for transport fuel, electricity and heat production and heat-driven absorption cooling, create new optimisation possibilities through the linkage between heat, power, cooling and transport fuel markets which may reduce the global warming contribution of the energy sector. With increasing focus on climate change impacts of greenhouse gas emissions, the environmental effects of other air pollutants should not be neglected. To achieve both a competitive and a sustainable energy supply, it is necessary to integrate environmental considerations into economic policies. Through accounting for external costs of air pollution in energy system modelling and analysis, sustainability aspects may be integrated into DH assessments. The aim of this thesis is to develop, apply and evaluate methodologies for assessing conventional and new technology solutions in a DH system; the assessments are made from a DH perspective with respect to two factors - cost-effectiveness and environmental impacts - which are either assessed separately or integrated through external cost accounting. Various CO{sub 2} mitigation strategies are evaluated with regard to the robustness of the DH system in meeting future developments of energy market prices and policies. The studies are performed using a systems approach by using the simulating DH supply model MARTES as applied to the DH system Sweden. This thesis concludes that the integration of biomass gasification technology and absorption cooling technology in DH systems has the potential for cost-effective CO{sub 2} emission reduction, in line with other EU goals to increase the share of renewable sources in energy use and to increase energy efficiency. Accounting for external costs of not only climate change but also other environmental

48 CFR 9903.302-4 - Illustrations of changes which do not meet the definition of “Change to a cost accounting practice.”

Science.gov (United States)

2010-10-01

... which do not meet the definition of âChange to a cost accounting practice.â 9903.302-4 Section 9903.302-4 Federal Acquisition Regulations System COST ACCOUNTING STANDARDS BOARD, OFFICE OF FEDERAL... definition of “Change to a cost accounting practice.” Description Accounting treatment (a) Changes in the...

THE DEPRECIATED REPLACEMENT COST - REPRESENTATION OF FAIR VALUE IN ACCOUNTING. TENDENCIES AND PERSPECTIVES IN THE ROMANIAN ACCOUNTING PRACTICE

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Manea Marinela-Daniela

2011-12-01

Full Text Available The Romanian accounting system has gone through a radical reform in the last years, but the preoccupations for improving and developing Romanian accounting still continue. In order to preserve the general objective of rendering available to financial managers and analysts a common internationally agreed framework for drawing up and presenting financial statements, accounting professionals have the duty to contribute to the elaboration of accounting policies capable to transform accounting in an essential leadership instrument. Under these circumstances, there is the attempt to identify a dialogue form between accounting norms and policies, between the freedom to choose accounting procedures and the obligation to provide users with credible relevant information. The present work aims to make a thorough analysis of fair value adjustment - version of the depreciated replacement cost - which is specific to specialized corporal immobilized assets seldom commercialized on the market, by starting from the approaches and concepts existing in specialized literature, while afterwards it will carry out a comparative study between normative provisions and the concrete reality of Romanian accounting practice. Aware that fair value adjustment represents the profession of assessment experts, the presents work aims to present the potential models for quantifying fair value, which is an useful information basis for accounting professionals who have one more instrument at their disposal, for effectively and practically applying IRFS norms. Acknowledgement: This work was cofinanced from the European Social Fund through Sectorial Operational Programme Human Resources Development 2007-2013, project number POSDRU/1.5/S/59184 Performance and excellence in postdoctoral research in Romanian economics science domain.,institution:Alexandru Ioan Cuza - University of Iasi, period: 01.11.2010 - 30.04.2013, tutor: Ph.D. Professor Vasile Cocris

A Trial of Nursing Cost Accounting using Nursing Practice Data on a Hospital Information System.

Science.gov (United States)

Miyahira, Akiko; Tada, Kazuko; Ishima, Masatoshi; Nagao, Hidenori; Miyamoto, Tadashi; Nakagawa, Yoshiaki; Takemura, Tadamasa

2015-01-01

Hospital administration is very important and many hospitals carry out activity-based costing under comprehensive medicine. However, nursing cost is unclear, because nursing practice is expanding both quantitatively and qualitatively and it is difficult to grasp all nursing practices, and nursing cost is calculated in many cases comprehensively. On the other hand, a nursing information system (NIS) is implemented in many hospitals in Japan and we are beginning to get nursing practical data. In this paper, we propose a nursing cost accounting model and we simulate a cost by nursing contribution using NIS data.

Frontal theta accounts for individual differences in the cost of conflict on decision making.

Science.gov (United States)

Pinner, John F L; Cavanagh, James F

2017-10-01

Cognitive conflict is often experienced as a difficult, frustrating, and aversive state. Recent studies have indicated that conflict acts as an implicit cost during learning, valuation, and the instantiation of cognitive control. Here we investigated if an implicit manipulation of conflict also influences explicit decision making to risk. Participants were required to perform a Balloon Analogue Risk Task wherein the virtual balloon was inflated by performing a flankers task. By varying the percent of incongruent flanker trials between balloons, we hypothesized that participants would pump the balloon fewer times in conditions of higher conflict and that frontal midline theta would account for significant variance in this relationship. Across two studies, we demonstrate that conflict did not elicit reliable behavioral changes in this task across participants. However, individual differences in frontal theta power accounted for significant variance by predicting diminished balloon pumps. Thus, while conflict costs may act as investments to some individuals (invigorating behavior), it is aversive to others (diminishing behavior), and frontal midline theta power accounts for these varying behavioral tendencies between individuals. These findings demonstrate how frontal midline theta is not only a candidate mechanism for implementing cognitive control, but it is sensitive to the inherent costs therein. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Accounting for social impacts and costs in the forest industry, British Columbia

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gale, Robert; Gale, Fred

2006-01-01

Business reviews of the forest industry in British Colombia, Canada, typically portray an unequivocally positive picture of its financial and economic health. In doing so, they fail to consider the following six categories of social impacts and costs: (1) direct and indirect subsidies; (2) government support through investment; (3) community dependence; (4) the maintenance of public order; (5) aboriginal title; and (6) the overestimation of employment. Our findings show that conventional economic and financial accounting methods inflate the industry's net contribution to the economy. We make a number of recommendations to address this shortcoming to improve future accounting and reporting procedures

75 FR 25981 - Cost Accounting Standards: Harmonization of Cost Accounting Standards 412 and 413 With the...

Science.gov (United States)

2010-05-10

... case the pension plan and trust) will continue in business, and follows accrual accounting principles... for the forward-pricing of Government contracts over the near future. Financial statement accounting... financial accounting theory and reporting as well as Congressional changes to ERISA. After considering the...

Program Cost Accounting Manual. Form J-380/Form J-580, 1989-90.

Science.gov (United States)

California State Dept. of Education, Sacramento. Office of Financial Management Practices and Standards.

In response to criticism by legislators, the business community, and other publics for an apparent lack of sound financial management, the California State Department of Education, together with representatives from the field and from state control agencies, began to develop a new program cost accounting system in 1984. After pilot testing, the…

[Cost of intensive care in a German hospital: cost-unit accounting based on the InEK matrix].

Science.gov (United States)

Martin, J; Neurohr, C; Bauer, M; Weiss, M; Schleppers, A

2008-05-01

The aim of this study was to determine the actual cost per intensive care unit (ICU) day in Germany based on routine data from an electronic patient data management system as well as analysis of cost-driving factors. A differentiation between days with and without mechanical ventilation was performed. On the ICU of a German focused-care hospital (896 beds, 12 anesthesiology ICU beds), cost per treatment day was calculated with or without mechanical ventilation from the perspective of the hospital. Costs were derived retrospectively with respect to the period between January and October 2006 by cost-unit accounting based on routine data collected from the ICU patients. Patients with a length of stay of at least 2 days on the ICU were included. Demographic, clinical and economical data were analyzed for patient characterization. Data of 407 patients (217 male and 190 female) were included in the analysis, of which 159 patients (100 male, 59 female) were completely or partially mechanically ventilated. The mean simplified acute physiology (SAPS) II score at the onset of ICU stay was 28.2. Average cost per ICU day was 1,265 EUR and costs for ICU days with and without mechanical ventilation amounted to 1,426 EUR and 1,145 EUR, respectively. Personnel costs (50%) showed the largest cost share followed by drugs plus medicinal products (18%) and infrastructure (16%). For the first time, a cost analysis of intensive care in Germany was performed with routine data based on the matrix of the institute for reimbursement in hospitals (InEK). The results revealed a higher resource use on the ICU than previously expected. The large share of personnel costs on the ICU was evident but is comparable to other medical departments in the hospital. The need for mechanical ventilation increases the daily costs of resources by approximately 25%.

Danish Management Accounting Frameworks - a SWOT Analysis and an Activity Based Costing Comparison

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Israelsen, Poul; Rohde, Carsten

2005-01-01

and in addition a SWOT-like assessment of this tradition vis-à-vis the management accounting research community and practice. An alternative approach in designing management accounting systems is represented by Activity Based Costing (ABC). An unbundling of the nowadays multifaceted ABC brings forward......The theoretical management accounting tradition in Denmark has a long history of focusing on development of data registration frameworks as a basis for aggregation and use of financial and non-financial data for different strategic, tactical and operational decisions and control purposes...... similarities to and differences from the Danish frameworks and provides a platform for discussing how the different approaches can benefit from one another. In this respect, the present paper concludes that the mindset in constructing management accounting systems will be improved in seeing the alternative...

Misinterpretation of the strategic significance of cost driver analysis: evidence from management accounting theory and practice

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Henry T Palowski

2011-06-01

Full Text Available This paper traces the development of cost driver theory in the Strategy literature and reflects on misinterpretations of the strategic significance of the theory in related academic disciplines, notably Management Accounting. Management Accounting has largely been responsible for informing costing practice in a wide range of organizational settings. The paper considers one such application- i.e. the case of the Higher Education Funding Council’s (HEFC costing and pricing initiative for UK universities. The project was completed just under five years ago, although details of implementation are still ongoing, to a degree. The systems in place incorporate most of the theoretical flaws outlined in this paper. Rather than providing cost driver analysis to aid the strategic management process in universities, the system appears to represent little more than a compliance and reporting framework between university central administrations and the funding provider, HEFC.

Nuclear Insurance Subsidies Cost from Post-Fukushima Accounting Based on Media Sources

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

John J. Laureto

2016-12-01

Full Text Available Quantification of nuclear liability insurance is difficult without arbitrary liability caps; however, post-mortem calculations can be used to calculate insurance costs. This study analyzes the Fukushima (Daiichi nuclear power plant disaster to quantify the cost per unit electricity ($/kWh of nuclear energy from the lifetime of the plant after accounting for the true cost of the liability needed to cover the damages from the nuclear disaster determined from news reports. These costs are then compared to the cost of electricity currently paid by Japanese consumers, and then are aggregated to determine the indirect subsidy for nuclear power providers in both Japan and the USA. The results show that the reported costs of the Fukushima nuclear disaster are $20–525 billion, which results in a real insurance cost from the lifetime of electricity produced at the plants between $0.22–5.78/kWh. These values are far higher than the current insurance costs by Japanese law of $0.01/kWh and even the total costs consumers pay for electricity. Although the spread in the input costs is large and the reported metrics are incomplete, the nuclear insurance subsidy is clearly substantial in Japan and in the USA. Ideally, energy sources should be economically sustainable without the need for a government insurance subsidy. For the electricity market to function effectively and efficiently in all other countries using nuclear power, the insurance costs should be reported accurately and included in nuclear electricity costs without arbitrary government liability caps.

Depreciation Accounting in the Uniform Chart of Accounts.

Science.gov (United States)

1982-12-01

footage of building occupied. Reason( s ) for Compute full cost of Rate setting, cash accounting for patient care flow generation and fund- depreciation ing... Horngren , Charles T., Cost Accounting ; A Managerial Emphasis, Prentice-Hall Inc., 1972. 32. Sawyer, Lawrence B., The Practice of Modern Internal Auditing...Awd ubtlft) S . TYPE or RE PORT a PE*IoO CovIERWO Master’s Thesis; Depreciation Accounting in the Uniform Dembr18 Chart of Accounts .PSOiwON.EORlumm

Cost accounting in the Swiss Federal Institute for Reactor Research (EIR) Ch-5303 Wuerenlingen

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Meier, P.A.

1979-01-01

The paper gives an overview about the organization and the research program of the EIR-Research Center. The cost accounting system is discussed in detail, budget control and project management are described. (A.N.)

Hidden costs: A Study of the Characteristics of the Articles Published in Brazilian Accounting Journals

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Maicon Manoel Benin

2016-09-01

Full Text Available This study analyzes the characteristics of the articles published in Brazilian journals of accounting from 2000-2015 with respect to the topic of hidden costs. Hidden costs occur during an organization's management process, although they are not routinely perceived. They have their origin in internal or external dysfunctions of the organization and represent lapses and missed earnings. The nature of the study is quantitative and bibliometric. The sample was composed of 16 articles on the subject of hidden costs published in Brazilian accounting journals listed by the National Association of Graduate Programs in Accounting (ANPCONT during the period under analysis. Principal findings indicate that only 7 of the 37 journals analyzed published on the subject, for a total of 16 articles . This represents only 0.22% of all articles published in the journals analyzed. It is further noted that only 2 of the 16 articles were published in journals having a Qualis rating higher than B2. Forty-eight (48 different authors participated in the preparation of these studies, with only one author participating in more than one article. With respect to the specific issues addressed, environmental costs are noteworthy, present in 4 of the 16 articles analyzed. The contribution of this study is the identification of the lack of academic development on the subject, given the low number of articles published and the predominance of exploratory research (found in 7 of the studies analyzed.

The Use of Fair Value and Historical Cost Accounting for Investment Properties in China

OpenAIRE

Ross Taplin; Wei Yuan; Alistair Brown

2014-01-01

This paper examines the use of fair value accounting for investment properties by 96 randomly selected Chinese listed companies’ year-ending 2008 annual reports. Half the sampled companies use fair value while half use historical cost, both methods being allowable under International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) and Chinese Accounting Standards (CAS). This represents the lowest possible level of comparability (or harmony) when there are only two choices of method. A combination of T i...

Problems of accounting, cost concerns and economic analysis in the mining enrichment industry

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Slabinskiy, V T

1980-01-01

Mining enrichment enterprises of the ferrous and nonferrous metallurgy, coal and chemical industry have much in common in the area of technology of production, technical base, organization of labor and production. This in turn presupposes the possible development of a common procedure of accounting of expenditures for production, calculation of net cost of output and analysis of production-economic activity of enterprises. Based on scientific research and generalization of advanced experience of practical workers, means of improvement of economic operation in mining enrichment enterprises are outlined according to increasing demands of production control. An outline of analytic accounting of expenditures which provides for multitarget use of information has been developed: for organization of operational control of the formulation of net cost of output, determination of the results of self support activities of structural subdivisions of an enterprise, computation of the efficiency of scientific and technical progress. Experience of use of economic and mathematical methods in computers for this purpose is discussed.

Accounting for enforcement costs in the spatial allocation of marine zones.

Science.gov (United States)

Davis, Katrina; Kragt, Marit; Gelcich, Stefan; Schilizzi, Steven; Pannell, David

2015-02-01

Marine fish stocks are in many cases extracted above sustainable levels, but they may be protected through restricted-use zoning systems. The effectiveness of these systems typically depends on support from coastal fishing communities. High management costs including those of enforcement may, however, deter fishers from supporting marine management. We incorporated enforcement costs into a spatial optimization model that identified how conservation targets can be met while maximizing fishers' revenue. Our model identified the optimal allocation of the study area among different zones: no-take, territorial user rights for fisheries (TURFs), or open access. The analysis demonstrated that enforcing no-take and TURF zones incurs a cost, but results in higher species abundance by preventing poaching and overfishing. We analyzed how different enforcement scenarios affected fishers' revenue. Fisher revenue was approximately 50% higher when territorial user rights were enforced than when they were not. The model preferentially allocated area to the enforced-TURF zone over other zones, demonstrating that the financial benefits of enforcement (derived from higher species abundance) exceeded the costs. These findings were robust to increases in enforcement costs but sensitive to changes in species' market price. We also found that revenue under the existing zoning regime in the study area was 13-30% lower than under an optimal solution. Our results highlight the importance of accounting for both the benefits and costs of enforcement in marine conservation, particularly when incurred by fishers. © 2014 Society for Conservation Biology.

The Economic Essence of the Category of «Costs» as an Object of Accounting and Internal Control

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Zhadan Tetiana A.

2017-11-01

Full Text Available The purpose of the article is to disclose the economic essence of the category of «costs» as an object of accounting and internal control. A number of approaches to defining the economic essence of the concepts of «costs», «control» and «internal control» have been allocated. In the course of the study it was found that the most common approaches to interpretation of the concept of «costs» is the disclosure of its essence from the standpoints of economic theory and accounting; concepts of «control» and «internal control» – from the standpoints of functional, systemic and process approaches. The authors’ own definition of the synthesis concept of «internal control of costs» has been proposed, which suggests understanding it as the system of control measures, observations and procedures aimed at identifying deviations in the accounting of costs of enterprise, establishing legitimacy, validity, rationality, efficiency and economic feasibility of their implementation with a view to preventing and exclusion such deviations and unjustified losses in the future. Prospect for further researches in this direction is search of efficient forms, methods and instruments for management of costs of enterprise.

How does accounting for worker productivity affect the measured cost-effectiveness of lumbar discectomy?

Science.gov (United States)

Koenig, Lane; Dall, Timothy M; Gu, Qian; Saavoss, Josh; Schafer, Michael F

2014-04-01

Back pain attributable to lumbar disc herniation is a substantial cause of reduced workplace productivity. Disc herniation surgery is effective in reducing pain and improving function. However, few studies have examined the effects of surgery on worker productivity. We wished to determine the effect of disc herniation surgery on workers' earnings and missed workdays and how accounting for this effect influences the cost-effectiveness of surgery? Regression models were estimated using data from the National Health Interview Survey to assess the effects of lower back pain caused by disc herniation on earnings and missed workdays. The results were incorporated into Markov models to compare societal costs associated with surgical and nonsurgical treatments for privately insured, working patients. Clinical outcomes and utilities were based on results from the Spine Patient Outcomes Research Trial and additional clinical literature. We estimate average annual earnings of $47,619 with surgery and $45,694 with nonsurgical treatment. The increased earnings for patients receiving surgery as compared with nonsurgical treatment is equal to $1925 (95% CI, $1121-$2728). After surgery, we also estimate that workers receiving surgery miss, on average, 3 fewer days per year than if workers had received nonsurgical treatment (95% CI, 2.4-3.7 days). However, these fewer missed work days only partially offset the assumed 20 workdays missed to recover from surgery. More fully accounting for the effects of disc herniation surgery on productivity reduced the cost of surgery per quality-adjusted life year (QALY) from $52,416 to $35,146 using a 4-year time horizon and from $27,359 to $4186 using an 8-year time horizon. According to a sensitivity analysis, the 4-year cost per QALY varies between $27,921 and $49,787 depending on model assumptions. Increased worker earnings resulting from disc herniation surgery may offset the increased direct medical costs associated with surgery. After

Fair Value Accounting and the Cost of Equity Capital: The Moderating Effect of Risk Disclosure

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Dignah Ashwag

2017-01-01

Full Text Available Evidence thus far suggests fair value accounting poses risk and affects firms’ returns in some ways. This research, on a sample of Asian banks, improves the understanding of the information risk effect of fair value accounting by examining the moderating role of risk disclosure in the relationship between fair value accounting and the cost of equity capital. The results from a generalised method of moments on dynamic panel data analysis, show that risk disclosure mitigates the asymmetric information problem. Thus the findings contribute towards the standard setters’ effort in improving the practice of fair value accounting, and suggest that there are benefits in mandating disclosure especially for banks.

An Analysis of the Romanian General Accounting Plan. Opportunities for Adaptation to the Activity-Based Costing (ABC Method

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Irina-Alina Preda

2008-11-01

Full Text Available In this article, we analyze the causes that have led to the improvement of the Romanian general accounting plan according to the Activity- Based Costing (ABC method. We explain the advantages presented by the dissociated organization of management accounting, in contrast with the tabular- statistical form. The article also describes the methodological steps to be taken in the process of recording book entries, according to the Activity-Based Costing (ABC method in Romania.

PERCEPTIONS OF PROFESSIONAL ACCOUNTANTS ON THE COSTS AND BENEFITS OF IMPLEMENTING IAS/IFRS IN ROMANIA

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

ANDREEA PAULA DUMITRU

2014-11-01

Full Text Available This study aims to investigate the perceptions of professional accountants on the costs, benefits and implications of applying IFRS in Romania. The main results show that the benefits of implementing IFRS is ensuring greater transparency and comparability of financial information. In terms of costs, most respondents felt that the main costs is related to staff training, this being one of the factors that have caused difficulties in implementing IFRS. Regarding the quality of financial information after the adoption of standards, we conclude that it will improve considerably.

CLASSICAL CALCULATION METHODS OF COSTS AND THEIR LIMITS IN ACTUAL FRAME OF ROMANIAN ECONOMY. PRESENT TENDENCIES IN COSTS ACCOUNTANCY

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Simona Dragomirescu

2008-12-01

Full Text Available Classical accountancy shaped and coagulated in an informational system grafted on traditional production systems, characterized by mass productions, planning etc. The powerful concentrations and grouping, economies globalization, both as offer and as demand, the new restrictions and economical opportunities and global environment technologies lead to a redefining of enterprises’ objectives. From the well-known “quantity and productivity”, the enterprise faced a new system of objectives: quality’s increase; terms and costs decrease; productivity; flexibility. In such conditions the need of “defining new methods” appeared, the need of adapting the fundamental calculation methods, their improvement – respective the appearance of modern methods of costs calculation.

The Use of Fair Value and Historical Cost Accounting for Investment Properties in China

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ross Taplin

2014-03-01

Full Text Available This paper examines the use of fair value accounting for investment properties by 96 randomly selected Chinese listed companies’ year-ending 2008 annual reports. Half the sampled companies use fair value while half use historical cost, both methods being allowable under International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS and Chinese Accounting Standards (CAS. This represents the lowest possible level of comparability (or harmony when there are only two choices of method. A combination of T indices to summarise the level of comparability and logistic regression reveals that companies with an international influence (listed on international stock exchanges and/or with international operations are more likely to use fair value. Furthermore, there is evidence that companies with above average volatility in earnings are more likely to use fair value than historical cost. The consequences for domestic and international harmony for regulators and investors is discussed in the context of the opening of Chinese markets to international investment.

GREEN CONCEPTS AND MATERIAL FLOW COST ACCOUNTING APPLICATION FOR COMPANY SUSTAINABILITY

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Rochman Marota

2017-02-01

Full Text Available Health equipment and furniture become a complementary factor for good health services to the communities. Management of health equipment and furniture is started by manufacturers within the industry scope and sustainable business processes. This study aimed to apply green concepts and MFCA at PT XYZ, and to analyze their effects on the dimensions of the company sustainability. To measure the effects of green concepts and MFCA on the dimensions of corporate sustainability, a multiple regression analysis was used. The analysis showed that they gave significant effects from the results of the F test, t test and probability test. From these results, a number of suggestions for improvement of production process performance as managerial implications for maintaining the stability of the company sustainability index were formulated.Keywords: efficiency and effectiveness of production cost, green concepts, the company sustainability, material flow cost accounting

Savings account for health care costs

Science.gov (United States)

... have your employer put part of your pre-tax salary into an account. Your employer also may contribute to the account, and it is not part of your gross income. You do not need to file tax documents ...

Price-transparency and cost accounting: challenges for health care organizations in the consumer-driven era.

Science.gov (United States)

Hilsenrath, Peter; Eakin, Cynthia; Fischer, Katrina

2015-01-01

Health care reform is directed toward improving access and quality while containing costs. An essential part of this is improvement of pricing models to more accurately reflect the costs of providing care. Transparent prices that reflect costs are necessary to signal information to consumers and producers. This information is central in a consumer-driven marketplace. The rapid increase in high deductible insurance and other forms of cost sharing incentivizes the search for price information. The organizational ability to measure costs across a cycle of care is an integral component of creating value, and will play a greater role as reimbursements transition to episode-based care, value-based purchasing, and accountable care organization models. This article discusses use of activity-based costing (ABC) to better measure the cost of health care. It describes examples of ABC in health care organizations and discusses impediments to adoption in the United States including cultural and institutional barriers. © The Author(s) 2015.

Accounting for the costs of quality.

Science.gov (United States)

Suver, J D; Neumann, B R; Boles, K E

1992-09-01

Total quality management (TQM) represents a paradigm shift in the organizational values that shape every aspect of a healthcare provider's activities. The TQM approach to quality management subscribes to the theory that it is not the work of employees of an organization that leads to poor quality; rather, it is the poor design of systems and procedures. In a book recently published by HFMA, Management Accounting for Healthcare Organizations, third edition, authors Suver, Neumann and Boles point out that the changes in behavioral focus and organizational climate brought about by TQM will have a major impact on management accounting function in healthcare organizations. TQM will require new methods of accounting that will enable the effects of declining quality to be recognized and evaluated. It also will require new types of management accounting reports that will identify opportunities for quality improvement and will monitor the effectiveness of quality management endeavors. The following article has been adapted from the book cited above.

Cost effectiveness of amoxicillin for lower respiratory tract infections in primary care : An economic evaluation accounting for the cost of antimicrobial resistance

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Oppong, Raymond; Smith, Richard D.; Little, Paul; Verheij, Theo; Butler, Christopher C.; Goossens, Herman; Coenen, Samuel; Moore, Michael; Coast, Joanna

2016-01-01

Background Lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) are a major disease burden and are often treated with antibiotics. Typically, studies evaluating the use of antibiotics focus on immediate costs of care, and do not account for the wider implications of antimicrobial resistance. Aim This study

Pesticide Environmental Accounting: a method for assessing the external costs of individual pesticide applications.

Science.gov (United States)

Leach, A W; Mumford, J D

2008-01-01

The Pesticide Environmental Accounting (PEA) tool provides a monetary estimate of environmental and health impacts per hectare-application for any pesticide. The model combines the Environmental Impact Quotient method and a methodology for absolute estimates of external pesticide costs in UK, USA and Germany. For many countries resources are not available for intensive assessments of external pesticide costs. The model converts external costs of a pesticide in the UK, USA and Germany to Mediterranean countries. Economic and policy applications include estimating impacts of pesticide reduction policies or benefits from technologies replacing pesticides, such as sterile insect technique. The system integrates disparate data and approaches into a single logical method. The assumptions in the system provide transparency and consistency but at the cost of some specificity and precision, a reasonable trade-off for a method that provides both comparative estimates of pesticide impacts and area-based assessments of absolute impacts.

Finance salaries. Account the cost.

Science.gov (United States)

Robling, Andy

2003-02-06

Post-qualification salaries have increased by 4-7 per cent, a slowdown on last year's figures when increases were often more than 10 per cent. The highest increases this year tended to be in medium-sized trusts where newly qualified accountants' salaries rose 8.2 per cent. Directors of finance in large trusts earn about 20 per cent more than in medium trusts and about 40 per cent more than in small ones. Newly qualified accountants in large trusts earn 5 per cent more than in medium-sized trusts and 13 per cent more than in small ones. The survey is based on an analysis of salaries from Hays' jobs database, and salaries of registered candidates.

Influence of accounting concepts and regulatory rules on the funding of power reactor decommissioning costs

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ferguson, J.S.

1985-01-01

Under normal circumstances, an evaluation of nuclear plant decommissioning costs by an engineering analyst will not produce the same results as an evaluation by a financial analyst. These analysts should understand evaluations based on each other's bases to ensure that their evaluation techniques are appropriate for the circumstances. The intent of this discussion is to enhance that understanding by describing the accounting and regulatory framework that is applicable to the decommissioning costs of U.S. nuclear power plants, and by explaining why evaluations of decommissioning costs prepared by engineering analysts often look different from evaluations prepared by financial analysts. Of major importance are the financial implications of several methods of funding the decommissioning costs. Since many owners of nuclear plants are subject to revenue rate regulation, financial implications often translate directly to regulatory implications

Pesticide Environmental Accounting: A method for assessing the external costs of individual pesticide applications

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Leach, A.W.; Mumford, J.D.

2008-01-01

The Pesticide Environmental Accounting (PEA) tool provides a monetary estimate of environmental and health impacts per hectare-application for any pesticide. The model combines the Environmental Impact Quotient method and a methodology for absolute estimates of external pesticide costs in UK, USA and Germany. For many countries resources are not available for intensive assessments of external pesticide costs. The model converts external costs of a pesticide in the UK, USA and Germany to Mediterranean countries. Economic and policy applications include estimating impacts of pesticide reduction policies or benefits from technologies replacing pesticides, such as sterile insect technique. The system integrates disparate data and approaches into a single logical method. The assumptions in the system provide transparency and consistency but at the cost of some specificity and precision, a reasonable trade-off for a method that provides both comparative estimates of pesticide impacts and area-based assessments of absolute impacts. - A method to estimate the external costs of a pesticide application based on the ecotoxicology, environmental behaviour and application rate of an active ingredient

Managerial Accounting Principles and Cost Calculation Used by Economic Entities in the Coal Mining Industry

OpenAIRE

Boca (Rakos) Ileana – Sorina; Vatasoiu Cristian Ionel

2011-01-01

Considering the specialized work in managerial accounting, this paper aims to show which cost calculation principles are actually applied in the coal mining industry today. The methodology used in this scientific approach is of qualitative nature, using the following methods: direct observation and interview.

Environmental Management Accounting (EMA: Reflection of Environmental Factors in the Accounting Processes through the Identification of the Environmental Costs Attached to Products, Processes and Services

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Cleopatra Sendroiu

2006-10-01

Full Text Available EMA can be defined as the identification, collection, estimation, analysis, internal reporting, and use of materials and energy flow information, environmental cost information, and other cost information for both conventional and environmental decision-making within an organization. Thus EMA incorporates and integrates two of the three building blocks of sustainable development – environment and economics – as they relate to an organization’s internal decision-making. EMA is a relatively new tool in environmental management. Decades ago environmental costs were very low, so it seemed wise to include them in the overhead account for simplicity and convenience. Recently there has been a steep rise in all environmental costs, including energy and water prices as well as liabilities.

Environmental Management Accounting (EMA: Reflection of Environmental Factors in the Accounting Processes through the Identification of the Environmental Costs Attached to Products, Processes and Services

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Costantin Roman

2006-12-01

Full Text Available EMA can be defined as the identification, collection, estimation, analysis, internal reporting, and use of materials and energy flow information, environmental cost information, and other cost information for both conventional and environmental decision-making within an organization. Thus EMA incorporates and integrates two of the three building blocks of sustainable development – environment and economics – as they relate to an organization’s internal decision-making. EMA is a relatively new tool in environmental management. Decades ago environmental costs were very low, so it seemed wise to include them in the overhead account for simplicity and convenience. Recently there has been a steep rise in all environmental costs, including energy and water prices as well as liabilities.

Integration of Mahalanobis-Taguchi system and traditional cost accounting for remanufacturing crankshaft

Science.gov (United States)

Abu, M. Y.; Norizan, N. S.; Rahman, M. S. Abd

2018-04-01

Remanufacturing is a sustainability strategic planning which transforming the end of life product to as new performance with their warranty is same or better than the original product. In order to quantify the advantages of this strategy, all the processes must implement the optimization to reach the ultimate goal and reduce the waste generated. The aim of this work is to evaluate the criticality of parameters on the end of life crankshaft based on Taguchi’s orthogonal array. Then, estimate the cost using traditional cost accounting by considering the critical parameters. By implementing the optimization, the remanufacturer obviously produced lower cost and waste during production with higher potential to gain the profit. Mahalanobis-Taguchi System was proven as a powerful method of optimization that revealed the criticality of parameters. When subjected the method to the MAN engine model, there was 5 out of 6 crankpins were critical which need for grinding process while no changes happened to the Caterpillar engine model. Meanwhile, the cost per unit for MAN engine model was changed from MYR1401.29 to RM1251.29 while for Caterpillar engine model have no changes due to the no changes on criticality of parameters consideration. Therefore, by integrating the optimization and costing through remanufacturing process, a better decision can be achieved after observing the potential profit will be gained. The significant of output demonstrated through promoting sustainability by reducing re-melting process of damaged parts to ensure consistent benefit of return cores.

Is Historical Cost Accounting a Panacea? Market Stress, Incentive Distortions, and Gains Trading

OpenAIRE

Ellul, Andrew; Jotikasthira, Chotibhak; Lundblad, Christian T; Wang, Yihui

2015-01-01

This paper explores the trading incentives of financial institutions induced by the interaction between regulatory accounting rules and capital requirements by investigating insurance companies’ trading behavior during the recent financial crisis. According to insurance regulation, life insurers have a greater degree of flexibility to hold downgraded instruments at historical cost, whereas property and casualty insurers are forced to re-mark many of their downgraded securities to market price...

An accounting system to support process improvements: Transition to lean accounting

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Patxi Ruiz de Arbulo-López

2010-12-01

Full Text Available From the last two decades of the 20th Century on, many companies have adopted production strategies that could be termed “lean manufacturing”. Lean team leaders state that traditional costing systems fail to properly assess their operational improvements and therefore ask for new cost accounting methods. The search for a new accounting paradigm has led to important applied research and several accounting methods.   In this paper we are going to show the state of the art in costing techniques used in companies that adopt lean manufacturing practices and we will be presenting an additional costing method, based on Activity-Based Costing, intended to cast light on the operational improvements achieved in companies that are just starting a maturity path towards lean manufacturing. This article examines how the approach is applied in the context of a manufacturing company.

30 CFR 206.181 - How do I establish processing costs for dual accounting purposes when I do not process the gas?

Science.gov (United States)

2010-07-01

... accounting purposes when I do not process the gas? 206.181 Section 206.181 Mineral Resources MINERALS... Processing Allowances § 206.181 How do I establish processing costs for dual accounting purposes when I do not process the gas? Where accounting for comparison (dual accounting) is required for gas production...

A Comparative Study of Difficulties in Accounting Preparation and Judgement in Agriculture Using Fair Value and Historical Cost for Biological Assets Valuation

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Josep M.a Argilés bosch

2012-01-01

Full Text Available This paper presents empirical research comparing the accounting difficulties that arise from the use of two valuation methods for biological assets, fair value (FV and historical cost (HC accounting, in the agricultural sector. It also compares how reliable each valuation method is in the decision-making process of agents within the sector. By conducting an experiment with students, farmers, and accountants operating in the agricultural sector, we find that they have more difficulties, make larger miscalculations and make poorer judgements with HC accounting than with FV accounting. In-depth interviews uncover flawed accounting practices in the agricultural sector in Spain in order to meet HC accounting requirements. Given the complexities of cost calculation for biological assets and the predominance of small family business units in advanced Western countries, the study concludes that accounting can be more easily applied in the agricultural sector under FV than HC accounting, and that HC conveys a less accurate grasp of the real situation of a farm.

Distance Education in a Cost Accounting Course: Instruction, Interaction, and Multiple Measures of Learning Outcomes

Science.gov (United States)

Chen, Clement C.; Jones, Keith T.; Moreland, Keith

2010-01-01

Students in online and traditional classroom sections of an intermediate-level cost accounting course responded to a survey about their experiences in the course. Specifically, several items related to the instruction and learning outcomes were addressed. Additionally, student examination performance in the two types of sections was compared. The…

Accounting Conservatism and Managerial Incentives

OpenAIRE

Young K. Kwon

2005-01-01

There are two sources of agency costs under moral hazard: (1) distortions in incentive contracts and (2) implementation of suboptimal decisions. In the accounting literature, the relation between conservative accounting and agency costs of type (1) has received considerable attention (cf. Watts 2002). However, little appears to be known about the effects of accounting conservatism on agency costs of type (2) or trade-offs between agency costs of types (1) and (2). The purpose of this study is...

Carbon Accounting and Cost Estimation in Forestry Projects Using CO2Fix V.3

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Groen, T.; Nabuurs, G.J.; Schelhaas, M.J.

2006-01-01

Carbon and financial accounting of projects in the Land Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry sector is a topic of hot debate. Large uncertainty remains concerning the carbon dynamics, the way they should be accounted and the cost efficiency of the projects. Part of the uncertainty can be alleviated by standardisation and transparency of reporting methods. For this reason we further developed CO2FIX, a forest ecosystem carbon model, with modules for carbon and financial accounting. The model is applied to four cases: (1) Joint implementation afforestation project in Romania, (2) Forest management project in Central Europe, (3) Reduced impact logging possibly under the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) in the future, and (4) Afforestation with native species under the Clean Development Mechanism. The results show the wide applicability of CO2FIX, from degrading grasslands as baseline cases to multiple cohort forest ecosystems. Also the results show that Forest Management in the European case can generate considerable amounts of carbon emission reductions. Further, the results show that although reduced impact logging is not yet an allowed option under the Clean Development Mechanism, it shows promising results in that it is (1) very cost effective, (2) seems to be able to generate intermediate amounts of credits and (3) seems to us as a project type that is not prone to leakage issues. These results are yet another indication to seriously consider reduced impact logging as an eligible measure under the CDM

ORGANIZATION OF MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING AND COST CALCULATION OF MINING IN JIU VALLEY

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

ILEANA-SORINA BOCA (RAKOS

2011-01-01

Full Text Available The scientific approach taken, due to the fact that a nationally more acute problem arises regarding mining restructuring, namely the closure of uneconomic mines, in this paper I want to report my finding on how management accounting is organized and which is the costing method currently applied by the seven mines in the Jiu Valley, which are currently functional, as well as to identify their limitations and advantages for improving them and identifying financial and economic solutions, demonstrating that in fact these are viable economic entities.

Cost accounting selling price formation: a case study in an industry of pneumatic suspensions of Caxias do Sul-RS

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Gisele Carina Pistore

2015-04-01

Full Text Available This study analyzes the contributions of cost accounting in the sale price formation in a pneumatic suspension industry. They present as main guiding authors of this study, Crepaldi (2009 and Martins (2003. This study is characterized as an exploratory research with a qualitative and quantitative approach, using the methodological approach of case study. Still, it uses the interview technique with experts in the field, with the director and an employee of the company. Data analysis is based on documentary research and content analysis. We present further calculations of labor cost, selling price formation and demonstration of profitability, based on information obtained in the company, to answer the research problem and propose the intervention proposal. This study aims to present a proposal for improvements in forming selling price, seeking to improve performance, reduce costs, save income developing new controls, in order to make it more competitive company studied. The proposed intervention is that the company create new cost centers, use costing methods, assessment criteria and form your price based on the markup taking into account the market price.

Challenges of Environmental Management Accounting –- Current Accounting Practices

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Prof. Ph.D. Gheorghe Popescu

2008-12-01

Full Text Available The goal of our paper is to reduce some of the international confusion generated on such animportant topic by providing a general framework and set of definitions for Environmental ManagementAccounting (EMA.Environmental Management Accounting is a relatively new tool in environmental management definedas the identification, collection, estimation, analysis, internal reporting, and use of materials and energyflow information, environmental cost information, and other cost information for both conventionaland environmental decision-making within an organization.Due to their special role, accountants, since they are the ones with access to the important monetarydata and information systems needed for management accounting activities, must to improve both theirability to verify the quality of such information and the skills to use that information for decision making.

18 CFR 367.9050 - Account 905, Miscellaneous customer accounts expenses.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-04-01

... 18 Conservation of Power and Water Resources 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Account 905, Miscellaneous customer accounts expenses. 367.9050 Section 367.9050 Conservation of Power and Water Resources..., Miscellaneous customer accounts expenses. (a) This account must include the cost of labor, materials used and...

THE COST OF PRODUCTION UNDER DIRECT COSTING AND ABSORPTION COSTING – A COMPARATIVE APPROACH

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Bunea-Bontaş Cristina Aurora

2013-04-01

Full Text Available Managerial accounting has an important role in strategic management of a company, being designed especially for managers, in order to optimise their decision regarding operating activities. One of the objectives of managerial accounting is the cost calculation, for measuring inventory costs, and the costs and profitability of products and services. Cost calculation systems can vary in terms of which costs are assigned to cost objects, two significant calculation systems being adopted by the costing theory: full cost accounting, which includes all costs of production as product costs, and partial cost accounting, which includes only those costs that vary with output. This article provides a comparative approach regarding the differences between the calculation of the cost of production under direct costing and absorption costing. It also examines the implication of using each of these calculation systems on the financial position and financial performance of the companies reported on the statement of financial position and the income statement. Finally, the advantages of using direct costing for internal reporting are discussed, considering that this method is not acceptable for external reporting to stockholders and other external users.

The logic of pension accounting

OpenAIRE

Napier, Christopher J.

2009-01-01

Accounting for pensions has been a problem for standard setters for over 30 years. Early attempts to develop accounting standards were based on a cost orientation and reflected funding considerations. More recently, a balance sheet focus has led to issues over identification and measurement of pension liabilities and assets. Accounting standards that permit enterprises to ignore, spread or segregate elements of pension cost, or to create artificial cost measures, are open to criticism and ...

Accounting treatment of software development costs according to applicable accounting standards

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Dilyana Markova

2017-05-01

Full Text Available The growth of the software sector worldwide is ahead of the creation and updating of accounting standards that regulate the reporting of the products and services it creates. Applicable standards across countries are interpreted differently and that lead to incomplete reports. This impose the adoption and application of explanations to give a specific guidelines and rules on the accounting treatment of R & D expenditure at each phase of the software project life cycle and disclosure of the information in the financial statements.

Management Accounting

OpenAIRE

John Burns; Martin Quinn; Liz Warren; João Oliveira

2013-01-01

Overview of the BookThe textbook comprises six sections which together represent a comprehensive insight into management accounting - its technical attributes, changeable wider context, and the multiple roles of management accountants. The sections cover: (1) an introduction to management accounting, (2) how organizations account for their costs, (3) the importance of tools and techniques which assist organizational planning and control, (4) the various dimensions of making business decisions...

MANAGERIAL AND COST ACCOUNTING PRACTICES - A ROMANIAN OVERVIEW

OpenAIRE

CARDOS ILDIKO REKA; PETE STEFAN

2011-01-01

Research theme - Globalization and technological changes generates complexity both in the business environment and the accounting systems. Under these conditions managerial accounting needs to learn new practices in order to become an active consultant of management. Objectives - The main objective of this paper is to present how managerial accounting changed over the years in Romania. We intend to present how the managerial accounting system is implemented within Romanian organizations, to r...

Identification and classification of open book accounting dimensions by considering inter-organizational cost management: A case study of petrochemical companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Leila Sadeghi

2014-02-01

Full Text Available This study aims to identify and to classify Open book accounting (OBA dimensions according to inter-organizational cost management (IOCM in petrochemical companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange. In this research, there are 18 statistical society financial and accounting experts listed in Tehran Stock Exchange. By studying the theoretical literature and conducted investigations inside and outside of the country and also the experts’ comments, the OBA dimensions were identified and then classified by analytical hierarchy process technique. According to the studies and experts’ ideas, four dimensions including nature of data and accounting data disclosure practices, uses of disclosed accounting data, conditions of OBA, cost implementation of OBA were identified as OBA dimensions. The results of examinations were shown that, considering the comments on dimensions of nature of data and accounting data disclosure practices, the form of data disclosure plays a more important role. In uses of disclosed accounting data dimension, coordination and planning among team members play the most important role. According to conditions of OBA dimension, trust is the most important one and in cost implementation of OBA dimension, the cost of the other party plays the most important role.

Traditional Market Accounting: Management or Financial Accounting?

OpenAIRE

Wiyarni, Wiyarni

2017-01-01

The purpose of this study is to explore the area of accounting in traditional market. There are two areas of accounting: management and financial accounting. Some of traditional market traders have prepared financial notes, whereas some of them do not. Their financial notes usually consist of receivables, payables, customer orders, inventories, sales and cost price, and salary expenses. The purpose of these financial notes is usually for decision making. It is very rare for the traditional ma...

Measuring the Cost of the Patient-Centered Medical Home: A Cost-Accounting Approach.

Science.gov (United States)

Lieberthal, Robert D; Payton, Colleen; Sarfaty, Mona; Valko, George

To explore the cost for individual practices to become more patient-centered, we inventoried and calculated the cost of costly activities involved in implementing the Patient-Centered Medical Home (PCMH) as defined by the National Committee for Quality Assurance. There were 3 key findings. The cost of each PCMH-related clinical activity can be classified in 1 of 3 major categories. Cost offsets can be used to defray part of the cost recognition. The cost of PCMH transformation varied by practice with no clear level or pattern of costs. Our study suggests that small- and medium-sized practices may experience difficulty with the financial burden of PCMH recognition.

Managerial accounting applications in radiology.

Science.gov (United States)

Lexa, Frank James; Mehta, Tushar; Seidmann, Abraham

2005-03-01

We review the core issues in managerial accounting for radiologists. We introduce the topic and then explore its application to diagnostic imaging. We define key terms such as fixed cost, variable cost, marginal cost, and marginal revenue and discuss their role in understanding the operational and financial implications for a radiology facility by using a cost-volume-profit model. Our work places particular emphasis on the role of managerial accounting in understanding service costs, as well as how it assists executive decision making.

26 CFR 1.466-1 - Method of accounting for the redemption cost of qualified discount coupons.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-04-01

... the coupon. (2) Definitions—(i) Discount coupon. A discount coupon is a sales promotion device used to... 26 Internal Revenue 6 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Method of accounting for the redemption cost of qualified discount coupons. 1.466-1 Section 1.466-1 Internal Revenue INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF...

[Management accounting in hospital setting].

Science.gov (United States)

Brzović, Z; Richter, D; Simunić, S; Bozić, R; Hadjina, N; Piacun, D; Harcet, B

1998-12-01

The periodic income and expenditure accounts produced at the hospital and departmental level enable successful short term management, but, in the long run do not help remove tensions between health care demand and limited resources, nor do they enable optimal medical planning within the limited financial resources. We are trying to estabilish disease category costs based on case mixing according to diagnostic categories (diagnosis related groups, DRG, or health care resource groups, HRG) and calculation of hospital standard product costs, e.g., radiology cost, preoperative nursing cost etc. The average DRG cost is composed of standard product costs plus any costs specific to a diagnostic category. As an example, current costing procedure for hip artheroplasty in the University Hospital Center Zagreb is compared to the management accounting approach based on British Health Care Resource experience. The knowledge of disease category costs based on management accounting requirements facilitates the implementation of medical programs within the given financial resources and devolves managerial responsibility closer to the clinical level where medical decisions take place.

Potentials for Improvement of Resource Efficiency in Printed Circuit Board Manufacturing: A Case Study Based on Material Flow Cost Accounting

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Yi-Xuan Wang

2017-05-01

Full Text Available The pursuit of sustainable resource use by manufacturing companies is driven by resource scarcity, environmental awareness, and cost savings potentials. To address these issues, Material Flow Cost Accounting (MFCA has been developed and applied as an effective environmental management tool. Within MFCA’s general allocation, the accounts of products and losses are overrated by weight or volume. However, such a method is incompatible with Printed Circuit Board (PCB manufacturing because of industry characteristics in which primary inputs and products are measured by area. Based on MFCA, this case study systematically established several linear cost calculation models along the production process for capturing the actual waste flows as well as performing cost-benefit analysis. The recognition of previously ignored losses offered the incentive to find appropriate indicators to conduct cost-benefit analysis on hotspots for losses. Loss identification and analysis indicated that machining and wiring are the necessities and priorities of process optimization for resource efficiency improvement measures. Therefore, this research could not only advance the achievement of a profitable and sustainable production while improving resource efficiency at the source but could also provide support for decision making in PCB manufacturing.

Accounting for external costs in a study of a Swedish district-heating system - An assessment of environmental policies

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Fahlen, E.; Ahlgren, E.O.

2010-01-01

Sweden has historically had strict emission control by implementation of economic policy instruments with the aim of internalising the external costs of air pollution. This study aims to evaluate how well current Swedish policy instruments reflect the environmental costs associated with heat generation in several district-heating (DH) plants in the DH system of Goeteborg. Furthermore, it aims to simulate and evaluate the operation of the DH system based on its social cost-effectiveness which takes into account the DH system's private and external costs (non-internalised environmental costs). The study shows that the economic policy instruments do not fully internalise all external costs whereas for certain technologies, the costs in terms of taxes, emission permits, environmental fees, etc. are higher than the environmental costs caused by the pollutants, given the environmental cost estimates used in the study. The simulation results show that the deviating internalisation of external costs affects the economic ranking of the different plants within the studied DH system. The estimated loss in social-cost effectiveness of the operation of the DH system of Goeteborg is noticable but relatively small if compared to the variable heat generation costs for most of the studied DH plants.

Global mortality consequences of climate change accounting for adaptation costs and benefits

Science.gov (United States)

Rising, J. A.; Jina, A.; Carleton, T.; Hsiang, S. M.; Greenstone, M.

2017-12-01

Empirically-based and plausibly causal estimates of the damages of climate change are greatly needed to inform rapidly developing global and local climate policies. To accurately reflect the costs of climate change, it is essential to estimate how much populations will adapt to a changing climate, yet adaptation remains one of the least understood aspects of social responses to climate. In this paper, we develop and implement a novel methodology to estimate climate impacts on mortality rates. We assemble comprehensive sub-national panel data in 41 countries that account for 56% of the world's population, and combine them with high resolution daily climate data to flexibly estimate the causal effect of temperature on mortality. We find the impacts of temperature on mortality have a U-shaped response; both hot days and cold days cause excess mortality. However, this average response obscures substantial heterogeneity, as populations are differentially adapted to extreme temperatures. Our empirical model allows us to extrapolate response functions across the entire globe, as well as across time, using a range of economic, population, and climate change scenarios. We also develop a methodology to capture not only the benefits of adaptation, but also its costs. We combine these innovations to produce the first causal, micro-founded, global, empirically-derived climate damage function for human health. We project that by 2100, business-as-usual climate change is likely to incur mortality-only costs that amount to approximately 5% of global GDP for 5°C degrees of warming above pre-industrial levels. On average across model runs, we estimate that the upper bound on adaptation costs amounts to 55% of the total damages.

Individual social security accounts: issues in assessing administrative feasibility and costs.

Science.gov (United States)

Olsen, K A; Salisbury, D L

1998-11-01

Whether to add individual accounts (IAs) to the Social Security system is a highly political issue. But almost lost in the debate so far have been any practical considerations about how to administer such accounts. Any discussion of whether to create individual accounts must also address the basic but critical questions of how they would work: Who would run them? What would they cost? Logistically, are they even possible? This EBRI Issue Brief provides an overview of the most salient administrative issues facing the current Social Security reform debate--issues that challenge proponents to carefully think through how their proposals could be implemented so as to achieve their policy goals. The options and difficulties in administering IAs raise concerns that cut across ideology. The object of this report is neither to dissuade the advocates nor support the critics of individual accounts. Rather, it is to bring practical considerations to a political debate that has largely ignored the pragmatic challenges of whether IAs would be too complex for participants to understand or too difficult for record keepers to administer. The major findings in this analysis include: Adding individual accounts to Social Security could be the largest undertaking in the history of the U.S. financial market, and no system to date has the capacity to administer such a system. The number of workers currently covered by Social Security--the largest single entitlement program in the nation--is at least four times higher than the combined number of all tax-favored employment-based retirement accounts in the United States, which are administered by hundreds of entities. Direct comparisons between employment-based retirement savings plans and Social Security reform are tenuous at best. Social Security covers workers and businesses that are disproportionately excluded from employment-based plans. Because of these differences, a system of individual Social Security accounts would be more

Considerable failure in the subject cost accounting: what are the possible motives?

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Iasmini Magnes Turci Borges

2014-12-01

Full Text Available The objective in this article is to identify the possible motives for the high failure rate in the subject Cost Accounting, offered to undergraduate Accountancy students at the Universidade Estadual de Maringá (UEM, representing a mean failure rate of 42% for the period from 2008 till 2013. The data collection technique used were questionnaires with open and closed questions and, regarding the research strategy, the Collective Subject Discourse (CSD was used to process and analyze the data obtained in the open questions. The percentage of students who failed due to their grade and the students who failed due to absence correspond to 16% and 27%, respectively. Thus, for an attempt to partially analyze the students who failed due to their grade, the anxiety variable was used, with a perceived perception of approximately 60% in the student sample, departing from the Cognitive Psychology approach based on the Information Processing Theory. For the partial analysis of the students who failed due to absence, the variable lack of dedication and disinterest was used, perceived by 47% of the student sample, based on the Theory of Procrastination.

The interplay between cost accounting knowledge and presentation formats in cost-based decision making

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Cardinaels, E.

2008-01-01

Most studies on cost-based decision-making examine the profit impact of cost reports that rely on different methods to allocate costs. In practice, firms’ cost reports often employ the same cost allocation method with subtle variations in the way that the cost data are presented. This paper examines

Energy: annual report and accounts 1994

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

1994-01-01

The annual report and accounts (1994) of the Midlands Electricity plc contains the Chairman's statement, the Chief Executive's review, and the Directors and Auditors' reports. A financial review is presented, and the group's historical cost profit and loss account, the group's financial history, and summary current cost accounting information are detailed. (UK)

Inflation accounting and effects of inflation adjusted accounting figures on decision making

OpenAIRE

Özkaşıkcı, Ali İhsan

1995-01-01

Ankara : Faculty of Management and the Graduate School of Business Administration of Bilkent Univ., 1995. Thesis (Master's) -- İhsan Doğramacı Bilkent University, 1995. Includes bibliographical refences. Various studies in accounting have shown that, historical cost model can not adapt itself to the changing economic environment. The change that is being suggested is a modification to the existing accounting practice of reporting only historical cost information. The sco...

Medical savings accounts make waves.

Science.gov (United States)

Gardner, J

1995-02-27

MSAs: the theory. Medical savings account legislation would allow consumers to set aside pre-tax dollars to pay for day-to-day healthcare costs. The accounts are to be backed up by a catastropic policy with a deductible roughly equal to the maximum amount allowed in the MSA. The aim is to reduce healthcare cost inflation by making consumers more aware of the costs of healthcare than they are under comprehensive policies and enabling them to shop for the lowest-cost, highest-quality care.

The Medicare Cost Report and the limits of hospital accountability: improving financial accounting data.

Science.gov (United States)

Kane, N M; Magnus, S A

2001-02-01

Health policy makers, legislators, providers, payers, and a broad range of other players in the health care market routinely seek information on hospital financial performance. Yet the data at their disposal are limited, especially since hospitals' audited financial statements--the "gold standard" in hospital financial reporting--are not publicly available in many states. As a result, the Medicare Cost Report (MCR), filed annually by most U.S. hospitals in order to receive payment for treating Medicare patients, has become the primary public source of hospital financial information. However, financial accounting elements in the MCR are unreliable, poorly defined, and lacking in critical detail. Comparative analyses of MCRs and matched, audited financial statements reveal long-standing problems with the MCR's data, including major differences in reported profits; variations in the reporting of both revenues and expenses; an absence of relevant details, such as charity care, bad debt, operating versus nonoperating income, and affiliate transactions; an inconsistent classification of changes in net assets; and a failure to provide cash flow statements. Because of these problems, MCR financial data give only a limited and often inaccurate picture of the financial position of hospitals. Audited financial statements provide a more complete perspective, enabling analysts to address important questions left unanswered by the MCR data. Regulatory action is needed to create a national database of financial information based upon audited statements.

Implementation of a Cost-Accounting System for Visibility of Weapon Systems Life-Cycle Costs

National Research Council Canada - National Science Library

Ugone, Mary

2001-01-01

... costs through activity-based costing and management. The system must deliver timely, integrated data for management purposes to permit understanding of total weapon costs, provide a basis for estimating costs of future systems, and feed other tools for life-cycle cost management.

ACCOUNTING ASPECTS OF PRICING AND TRANSFER PRICING

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

TÜNDE VERES

2011-01-01

Full Text Available The pricing methods in practice need really complex view of the business situation and depend on the strategy and market position of a company. The structure of a price seems simple: cost plus margin. Both categories are special area in the management accounting. Information about the product costs, the allocation methodologies in cost accounting, the analyzing of revenue and different level of the margin needs information from accounting system. This paper analyzes the pricing methods from management accounting aspects to show out the role of the accounting system in the short term and long term pricing and transfer pricing decisions.

A Comparative Study of Difficulties in Accounting Preparation and Judgement in Agriculture Using Fair Value and Historical Cost for Biological Assets Valuation

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Josep Mª. Argilés Bosch

2012-06-01

Full Text Available This paper presents empirical research comparing the accounting difficulties that arise from the use of two valuation methods for biological assets, fair value (FV and historical cost (HC accounting, in the agricultural sector. It also compares how reliable each valuation method is in the decision-making process of agents within the sector. By conducting an experiment with students, farmers, and accountants operating in the agricultural sector, we find that they have more difficulties, make larger miscalculations and make poorer judgements with HC accounting than with FV accounting. In-depth interviews uncover flawed accounting practices in the agricultural sector in Spain in order to meet HC accounting requirements. Given the complexities of cost calculation for biological assets and the predominance of small family business units in advanced Western countries, the study concludes that accounting can be more easily applied in the agricultural sector under FV than HC accounting, and that HC conveys a less accurate grasp of the real situation of a farm.RESUMENEste estudio realiza un investigación empírica comparando las dificultades que se derivan de la utilización del valor razonable (VR y del coste histórico (CH en el sector agrícola. Se analiza también la fiabilidad de ambos métodos de valoración para la interpretación de la información y la toma de decisiones por parte de los agentes que actúan en el sector. Mediante un experimento realizado con estudiantes, agricultores y contables que operan en el sector agrícola, se halla que estos tienen más dificultades, cometen mayores errores e interpretan peor la información contable realizada a CH que la realizada a VR. Entrevistas en profundidad con agricultores y contables agrícolas desvelan prácticas contables defectuosas derivadas de la necesidad de aplicar el CH en el sector en España. Dadas las complejidades del cálculo del coste de los activos biológicos y el predominio de

Changes In Company’s Management Accounting Systems: Case Study on ActivityBased Costing Implementation and Operation in Medium-Sized Production Company

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Tomasz WNUK-PEL

2010-11-01

Full Text Available This paper aims to explore factors, which influence the process of activity-based costing (ABC implementation, as well as analyze and explain the changes in the area of methodology and organization of a company, after activity-based costing implementation. The research findings are of both theoretical and practical importance. From the practical point of view, companies considering implementation of ABC should be aware of the positive and negative factors conditioning the process of implementation; in addition, they should be familiar with methodological and organizational changes, which might stem from the ABC implementation. From the theoretical point of view, this research might be helpful in determining a more general tendency: although modifications in cost accounting systems and implementation of modern methods of management accounting in Polish companies come later than in more developed economies, the tendency heads in the same direction.

价值工程原理对成本会计管理的启示%The Enlightenment of Value Engineering Principle to Cost Accounting Management

Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

陈玥

2017-01-01

成本会计管理在企业经营与发展中具有重要作用.通过对价值工程原理及其内涵的分析,确定了其对成本会计管理具有指导和启示作用.结合传统成本会计存在的不足,提出全过程、全方位成本管理以及成本会计向管理会计进行功能改进的思路和建议,为企业财务管理的改进提供一定的借鉴和启示.%Cost accounting management plays an important role in enterprise management and development. Through the analysis of value engineering principle and its connotation, it has established its guiding and enlightenment function to cost accounting management. Therefore, combined with the shortcomings of traditional cost accounting, this paper puts forward the whole process and all-round cost management, and provides ideas and suggestions for cost accounting to realize the function improvement of management accounting. This has certain reference and inspiration to the improvement of enterprise financial management.

Multiple account benefit-cost evaluation of the Burrard Thermal Generating Plant

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

2001-04-01

The government of British Columbia commissioned a multiple account benefit-cost analysis of the Burrard Thermal Generating Plant to ensure that the power production is in the economic and environmental interest of the province. The power plant consists of 6 natural gas-fired generating units with a combined capacity of 950 MW. It has been updated in recent years to reduce local emissions and to increase plant availability and reliability. Burrard has contributed in a major way to BC Hydro's net revenues, but there have been concerns that BC Hydro's purchases of natural gas for the power plant have contributed to the sharp increases in natural gas prices in 2001. There have also been concerns about air emissions from Burrard, including greenhouse gases and nitrous oxides. Historically, the plant has been beneficial, but this report will determine if it is in the provincial interest to continue operation of Burrard or to turn to alternative scenarios. The alternatives include constraining Burrard's output, or shutting it down and replacing it with other resources and repowering the plant with more efficient combined cycle gas turbine technology. In the constrained scenario, Burrard output and net exports are reduced. In the repowering scenario, investment and output at Burrard is increased. The financial consequences of these impacts are measured by their effect on the net system costs of meeting BC Hydro's load. The report demonstrated that it would not be in the overall interest of the province to constrain the operation of Burrard or shut it down. It was recommended that BC Hydro should review in detail the repowering option for Burrard, and that the government should consider imposing an emission charge reflecting the estimated damage costs associated with local pollutants generated at Burrard. The revenues would be used to fund offset measures in the Lower Fraser Valley airshed. 29 refs., 29 tabs., 3 appendices

(Super Variable Costing-Throughput Costing)

OpenAIRE

Çakıcı, Cemal

2006-01-01

(Super Variable Costing-Throughput Costing) The aim of this study is to explain the super-variable costing method which is a new subject in cost and management accounting and to show it’s working practicly.Shortly, super-variable costing can be defined as a costing method which is use only direct material costs in calculate of product costs and treats all costs except these (direct labor and overhead) as periad costs or operating costs.By using super-variable costing method, product costs ar...

Accounting for Veterans’ Educational Assistance Benefits

Science.gov (United States)

1984-06-01

today’s accounting records. It represents a deferred compensation S earned for present employment. If this cost is omitted from financial statements...that would provide a quantitative basis from which to allocate earned educational benefits as a current employment cost . Pension S accounting ...September 1967, pp. 37-51. 32. Horngren , C.T., Cost Accounting : A Managerial Emphasis, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, Prentice-Hall, inc., 1972. 33. Matz, A

Financial costs of large carnivore translocations--accounting for conservation.

Science.gov (United States)

Weise, Florian J; Stratford, Ken J; van Vuuren, Rudolf J

2014-01-01

Human-carnivore conflict continues to present a major conservation challenge around the world. Translocation of large carnivores is widely implemented but remains strongly debated, in part because of a lack of cost transparency. We report detailed translocation costs for three large carnivore species in Namibia and across different translocation scenarios. We consider the effect of various parameters and factors on costs and translocation success. Total translocation cost for 30 individuals in 22 events was $80,681 (US Dollars). Median translocation cost per individual was $2,393, and $2,669 per event. Median cost per cheetah was $2,760 (n = 23), and $2,108 per leopard (n = 6). One hyaena was translocated at a cost of $1,672. Tracking technology was the single biggest cost element (56%), followed by captive holding and feeding. Soft releases, prolonged captivity and orphaned individuals also increased case-specific costs. A substantial proportion (65.4%) of the total translocation cost was successfully recovered from public interest groups. Less than half the translocations were confirmed successes (44.4%, 3 unknown) with a strong species bias. Four leopards (66.7%) were successfully translocated but only eight of the 20 cheetahs (40.0%) with known outcome met these strict criteria. None of the five habituated cheetahs was translocated successfully, nor was the hyaena. We introduce the concept of Individual Conservation Cost (ICC) and define it as the cost of one successfully translocated individual adjusted by costs of unsuccessful events of the same species. The median ICC for cheetah was $6,898 and $3,140 for leopard. Translocations are costly, but we demonstrate that they are not inherently more expensive than other strategies currently employed in non-lethal carnivore conflict management. We conclude that translocation should be one available option for conserving large carnivores, but needs to be critically evaluated on a case-by-case basis.

Financial costs of large carnivore translocations--accounting for conservation.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Florian J Weise

Full Text Available Human-carnivore conflict continues to present a major conservation challenge around the world. Translocation of large carnivores is widely implemented but remains strongly debated, in part because of a lack of cost transparency. We report detailed translocation costs for three large carnivore species in Namibia and across different translocation scenarios. We consider the effect of various parameters and factors on costs and translocation success. Total translocation cost for 30 individuals in 22 events was $80,681 (US Dollars. Median translocation cost per individual was $2,393, and $2,669 per event. Median cost per cheetah was $2,760 (n = 23, and $2,108 per leopard (n = 6. One hyaena was translocated at a cost of $1,672. Tracking technology was the single biggest cost element (56%, followed by captive holding and feeding. Soft releases, prolonged captivity and orphaned individuals also increased case-specific costs. A substantial proportion (65.4% of the total translocation cost was successfully recovered from public interest groups. Less than half the translocations were confirmed successes (44.4%, 3 unknown with a strong species bias. Four leopards (66.7% were successfully translocated but only eight of the 20 cheetahs (40.0% with known outcome met these strict criteria. None of the five habituated cheetahs was translocated successfully, nor was the hyaena. We introduce the concept of Individual Conservation Cost (ICC and define it as the cost of one successfully translocated individual adjusted by costs of unsuccessful events of the same species. The median ICC for cheetah was $6,898 and $3,140 for leopard. Translocations are costly, but we demonstrate that they are not inherently more expensive than other strategies currently employed in non-lethal carnivore conflict management. We conclude that translocation should be one available option for conserving large carnivores, but needs to be critically evaluated on a case-by-case basis.

Accounting for the relationship between per diem cost and LOS when estimating hospitalization costs.

Science.gov (United States)

Ishak, K Jack; Stolar, Marilyn; Hu, Ming-yi; Alvarez, Piedad; Wang, Yamei; Getsios, Denis; Williams, Gregory C

2012-12-01

Hospitalization costs in clinical trials are typically derived by multiplying the length of stay (LOS) by an average per-diem (PD) cost from external sources. This assumes that PD costs are independent of LOS. Resource utilization in early days of the stay is usually more intense, however, and thus, the PD cost for a short hospitalization may be higher than for longer stays. The shape of this relationship is unlikely to be linear, as PD costs would be expected to gradually plateau. This paper describes how to model the relationship between PD cost and LOS using flexible statistical modelling techniques. An example based on a clinical study of clevidipine for the treatment of peri-operative hypertension during hospitalizations for cardiac surgery is used to illustrate how inferences about cost-savings associated with good blood pressure (BP) control during the stay can be affected by the approach used to derive hospitalization costs.Data on the cost and LOS of hospitalizations for coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) from the Massachusetts Acute Hospital Case Mix Database (the MA Case Mix Database) were analyzed to link LOS to PD cost, factoring in complications that may have occurred during the hospitalization or post-discharge. The shape of the relationship between LOS and PD costs in the MA Case Mix was explored graphically in a regression framework. A series of statistical models including those based on simple logarithmic transformation of LOS to more flexible models using LOcally wEighted Scatterplot Smoothing (LOESS) techniques were considered. A final model was selected, using simplicity and parsimony as guiding principles in addition traditional fit statistics (like Akaike's Information Criterion, or AIC). This mapping was applied in ECLIPSE to predict an LOS-specific PD cost, and then a total cost of hospitalization. These were then compared for patients who had good vs. poor peri-operative blood-pressure control. The MA Case Mix dataset included data

Accounting for the relationship between per diem cost and LOS when estimating hospitalization costs

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ishak K

2012-12-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background Hospitalization costs in clinical trials are typically derived by multiplying the length of stay (LOS by an average per-diem (PD cost from external sources. This assumes that PD costs are independent of LOS. Resource utilization in early days of the stay is usually more intense, however, and thus, the PD cost for a short hospitalization may be higher than for longer stays. The shape of this relationship is unlikely to be linear, as PD costs would be expected to gradually plateau. This paper describes how to model the relationship between PD cost and LOS using flexible statistical modelling techniques. Methods An example based on a clinical study of clevidipine for the treatment of peri-operative hypertension during hospitalizations for cardiac surgery is used to illustrate how inferences about cost-savings associated with good blood pressure (BP control during the stay can be affected by the approach used to derive hospitalization costs. Data on the cost and LOS of hospitalizations for coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG from the Massachusetts Acute Hospital Case Mix Database (the MA Case Mix Database were analyzed to link LOS to PD cost, factoring in complications that may have occurred during the hospitalization or post-discharge. The shape of the relationship between LOS and PD costs in the MA Case Mix was explored graphically in a regression framework. A series of statistical models including those based on simple logarithmic transformation of LOS to more flexible models using LOcally wEighted Scatterplot Smoothing (LOESS techniques were considered. A final model was selected, using simplicity and parsimony as guiding principles in addition traditional fit statistics (like Akaike’s Information Criterion, or AIC. This mapping was applied in ECLIPSE to predict an LOS-specific PD cost, and then a total cost of hospitalization. These were then compared for patients who had good vs. poor peri-operative blood

Nanotechnology and accounting issues

OpenAIRE

Abedalqader Rababah

2017-01-01

Nanotechnology is a new advanced technology used in the industry. This study conducted an investigation on the literature and highlighted the accounting issues which related to the implement of nanotechnology, especially the change of cost structure and expected solutions for the increasing of indirect costs which need more accurate allocation to the unit of products. Also, this study investigated on the future expected accounting risks for using nanotechnology. Finally, this study will open ...

International political economy of climate negotiations while taking into account the mitigation and adaptation costs

OpenAIRE

Ilasca, Constantin

2016-01-01

Our research focuses on the cooperation and climate governance in the post-Copenhagen era. Its main purpose is to observe and define the evolution of the climate regime, based on the positions of the European Union, China and the United States. These three countries can be considered as big emitters, major economies, as well as great powers. Two main drivers are taken into account in our analysis : mitigation and adaptation costs to climate change. The starting point for our research is to be...

ActuArial Accounting – A Branch of the Financial Accounting

OpenAIRE

Gheorghe V. Lepadatu; Doina Maria Tilea

2010-01-01

The opening of the accounting to the actuarial calculation is a normal consequence of its evolutive spirit. At the origin of the international accounting standards lies the framework for preparing, presenting and disclosing the financial statements. The framework stays as a reference matrix, as a standard of standards, as a constitution of financial accounting. According to the international framework, the financial statements use different evaluation bases: the historical cost, the current c...

ACCOUNTING ASPECTS OF PRICING AND TRANSFER PRICING

OpenAIRE

TÜNDE VERES

2011-01-01

The pricing methods in practice need really complex view of the business situation and depend on the strategy and market position of a company. The structure of a price seems simple: cost plus margin. Both categories are special area in the management accounting. Information about the product costs, the allocation methodologies in cost accounting, the analyzing of revenue and different level of the margin needs information from accounting system. This paper analyzes the pricing methods from m...

A Comparative Study of Difficulties in Accounting Preparation and Judgement in Agriculture Using Fair Value and Historical Cost for Biological Assets Valuation

OpenAIRE

Argilés bosch, Josep M.a; Aliberch, Anna Sabata; Blandón, Josep García

2012-01-01

This paper presents empirical research comparing the accounting difficulties that arise from the use of two valuation methods for biological assets, fair value (FV) and historical cost (HC) accounting, in the agricultural sector. It also compares how reliable each valuation method is in the decision-making process of agents within the sector. By conducting an experiment with students, farmers, and accountants operating in the agricultural sector, we find that they have more difficulties, make...

The ways of perfection managerial accounting and cost calculation

OpenAIRE

Gheorghe Lepadatu

2011-01-01

Improvement and diversification of costing methods should consider, in addition to efficiency, foresight and responsibility, and reduce the workload necessary to obtain information on costs of production and costs, and possible recovery of the information obtained. This process requires the adoption of systems, methods and techniques of budgeting, tracking and costing, to provide efficiency, simplicity, economy and provision.

Preliminary Design of Industrial Symbiosis of Smes Using Material Flow Cost Accounting (MFCA) Method

Science.gov (United States)

Astuti, Rahayu Siwi Dwi; Astuti, Arieyanti Dwi; Hadiyanto

2018-02-01

Industrial symbiosis is a collaboration of several industries to share their necessities such material, energy, technology as well as waste management. As a part of industrial ecology, in principle, this system attempts to emulate ecosystem where waste of an organism is being used by another organism, therefore there is no waste in the nature. This system becomes an effort to optimize resources (material and energy) as well as minimize waste. Considerable, in a symbiosis incure material and energy flows among industries. Material and energy in an industry are known as cost carriers, thus flow analysis in this system can be conducted in perspective of material, energy and cost, or called as material flow cost accounting (MFCA) that is an economic and ecological appraisal approach. Previous researches shown that MFCA implementation could be used to evaluate an industry's environmental-related efficiency as well as in planning, business control and decision making. Moreover, the MFCA has been extended to assess environmental performance of SMEs Cluster or industrial symbiosis in SMEs Cluster, even to make preliminary design of an industrial symbiosis base on a major industry. This paper describes the use of MFCA to asses performance of SMEs industrial symbiosis and to improve the performance.

Preliminary Design of Industrial Symbiosis of Smes Using Material Flow Cost Accounting (MFCA Method

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Siwi Dwi Astuti Rahayu

2018-01-01

Full Text Available Industrial symbiosis is a collaboration of several industries to share their necessities such material, energy, technology as well as waste management. As a part of industrial ecology, in principle, this system attempts to emulate ecosystem where waste of an organism is being used by another organism, therefore there is no waste in the nature. This system becomes an effort to optimize resources (material and energy as well as minimize waste. Considerable, in a symbiosis incure material and energy flows among industries. Material and energy in an industry are known as cost carriers, thus flow analysis in this system can be conducted in perspective of material, energy and cost, or called as material flow cost accounting (MFCA that is an economic and ecological appraisal approach. Previous researches shown that MFCA implementation could be used to evaluate an industry’s environmental-related efficiency as well as in planning, business control and decision making. Moreover, the MFCA has been extended to assess environmental performance of SMEs Cluster or industrial symbiosis in SMEs Cluster, even to make preliminary design of an industrial symbiosis base on a major industry. This paper describes the use of MFCA to asses performance of SMEs industrial symbiosis and to improve the performance.

Accounting assessment

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Kafka S.М.

2017-03-01

Full Text Available The proper evaluation of accounting objects influences essentially upon the reliability of assessing the financial situation of a company. Thus, the problem in accounting estimate is quite relevant. The works of home and foreign scholars on the issues of assessment of accounting objects, regulatory and legal acts of Ukraine controlling the accounting and compiling financial reporting are a methodological basis for the research. The author uses the theoretical methods of cognition (abstraction and generalization, analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction and other methods producing conceptual knowledge for the synthesis of theoretical and methodological principles in the evaluation of assets accounting, liabilities and equity. The tabular presentation and information comparison methods are used for analytical researches. The article considers the modern approaches to the issue of evaluation of accounting objects and financial statements items. The expedience to keep records under historical value is proved and the articles of financial statements are to be presented according to the evaluation on the reporting date. In connection with the evaluation the depreciation of fixed assets is considered as a process of systematic return into circulation of the before advanced funds on the purchase (production, improvement of fixed assets and intangible assets by means of including the amount of wear in production costs. Therefore it is proposed to amortize only the actual costs incurred, i.e. not to depreciate the fixed assets received free of charge and surplus valuation of different kinds.

ENVIRONMENTAL ACCOUNTING IN AGRICULTURE: NUTRIENT ACCOUNTING AND OTHER ASPECTS

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

P URFI

2003-04-01

Full Text Available While traditional accounting focuses on accounting for capital assets, costs, yields valued and sold in the market, environmental accounting intends to do the same with non-marketed capital assets, costs and yields, that is, externalities. The farm level nutrient balances are based on an input-output comparison, in which the nutrients entering the farm within inputs are compared to nutrients leaving the farm within the sold products. The method considers the amounts of nutrients entering the farm but not leaving it with the products to be wastes polluting the environment. The weakness of this approach is the handling of stock changes. In a farming year high amounts of nutrients contained in unsold products are not wastes, nor are they stored in the soil, but are stored in the stocks. To handle this problem the concepts of external nutrient balance and internal nutrient balance are introduced, and are tested in case studies of two Hungarian mixed farms.

Determination of chest x-ray cost using activity based costing ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Background: Activity based costing (ABC) is an approach to get insight of true costs and to solve accounting problems. It provides more accurate information on product cost than conventional accounting system. The purpose of this study was to identify detailed resource consumption for chest x-ray procedure. Methods: ...

Intelligent Accountability in Education

Science.gov (United States)

O'Neill, Onora

2013-01-01

Systems of accountability are "second order" ways of using evidence of the standard to which "first order" tasks are carried out for a great variety of purposes. However, more accountability is not always better, and processes of holding to account can impose high costs without securing substantial benefits. At their worst,…

Household Rates of Return to Education in Rural Bangladesh: Accounting for Direct Costs, Child Labour, and Option Value

Science.gov (United States)

Shafiq, M. Najeeb

2007-01-01

This study estimates the returns to boys' education for rural Bangladeshi households by accounting for some conventionally neglected items: direct costs of education, foregone child labour earnings, and option value. The estimated returns are 13.5% for primary education, 7.8% for junior-secondary education, 12.9% for higher-secondary education,…

Fair value or cost-based measurement for PPE and IP: evidence from accounting practice under IFRS

OpenAIRE

Fonseca, Maria

2007-01-01

Some standards permit a choice between different measurement bases. IAS 16 and IAS 40 allow entities to choose between fair value and cost-based measurement for property, plant and equipment (PPE) and investment property (IP), respectively. This study analyzes the accounting practice concerning measurement of PPE and IP after recognition, under IFRS. The sample was extracted from stock exchange listed European companies included in the S&P Europe 350 Index. Data was hand collec...

Conceptual Foundations of Transforming the Traditional Accounting System into Sustainability Accounting

OpenAIRE

Sokol Oleg H.

2017-01-01

Under modern conditions the significance of social and environmental security is manifested in costs of restoring and protecting the environment, ensuring social security at a decent level and requires reflecting these issues in accounting. The aim of the article is to identify and analyze the ways of transition from traditional accounting to sustainability accounting. In the article the following research methods are used: observation, comparison, the empirical method, the monographic method...

Sustainability cost accounting, Part 1: A Monetary procedure to evaluate the sustainability of technologies in the South African process industry

CSIR Research Space (South Africa)

Brent, AC

2006-11-01

Full Text Available impacts at macro-level, for which a company is (typically) not held financially liable – into management practices. This paper introduces the Sustainability Cost Accounting (SCA) procedure, whereby externalities (burdens and benefits) are translated...

THE TRANSITION FROM HISTORICAL COST TO FAIR-VALUE, A CHOICE WITH MAJOR IMPLICATIONS IN ACCOUNTING

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

ILIE RĂSCOLEAN

2016-10-01

Full Text Available This paper treats the importance of the transition from valuation at historical cost to valuation at fair value of the assets within an economic entity, and the contents of the result obtained in financial reporting. The work deals with the influence that the fair value assessment can have on the level of an entity’s economic performance. Starting from a few statements such as: fair value option evaluation to influence significantly the fair value; presentation of the elements on the balance sheet at fair value leads to significant changes in the accounting of the economic entities, in data analysis was used a questionnaire based on the four questions whose results were analysed and which have led to carrying out this study. The research was supported by the information collected from individuals and companies within certain economic entities. The paper ends with the conclusions of authors related to the fair value assessment which, as if trying to address the shortcomings of historical cost, by aiming to correct cost of customer acquisition assets with market value, achieved through constant reevaluation of the balance sheet items. On the other hand, a concurrent evaluation of both historical cost and fair value, depending on the inherent characteristics of the elements of the balance sheet, resulting in getting relevant, reliable financial statements, in accordance with reality.

Activity-Based Costing Using Multicriteria Drivers: An Accounting Proposal to Boost Companies Toward Sustainability

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Heitor F. Marinho Neto

2018-05-01

Full Text Available Recognizing that natural environment is reaching its maximum limits in providing resources and diluting the waste generated by human production systems, efforts toward more sustainable production systems are mandatory to secure the development of future generations. For this purpose, changing the productivity model adopted by companies that are almost exclusively rooted on circulating money to generate profit, named business as usual, is an important issue. In this sense, an alternative would be establishing the relationship of stocks and flows of energy, material, and information with environmental, economic and social outcomes, thus resulting in new accounting approaches. This work aims to propose an activity-based costing (ABC based on multicriteria drivers including economic, emissions, and emergy (with an “m” values. The proposed ABC costing allocates each one of the multicriteria drivers into a specific part of the sustainability conceptual model, in an attempt to embrace a holistic perspective and allow for a sustainable-based decision, rather than considering purely economic drivers. The goal programming (GP method is considered so as to support a decision based on multicriteria aspects. Results show that the proposed accounting approach known as ABCsustain allows for decisions toward a company's sustainability by acting on both the amount and kind of a company's product that should be managed, as well as on the effective increase of a specific company's activity or process. The proposed ABCsustain could make the insertion of environmental issues into companies strategic planning more effective. It is expected that environmental issues go beyond a simple diagnoses and begin to be considered as action in factum in the companies' decisions toward achieving a more sustainable world system.

Learning Efficacy and Cost-Effectiveness of Print versus e-Book Instructional Material in an Introductory Financial Accounting Course

Science.gov (United States)

Annand, David

2008-01-01

This article describes the concurrent development of paper-based and e-book versions of a textbook and related instructional material used in an introductory-level financial accounting course. Break-even analysis is used to compare costs of the two media. A study conducted with 109 students is also used to evaluate the two media with respect to…

Discharges with surgical procedures performed less often than once per month per hospital account for two-thirds of hospital costs of inpatient surgery.

Science.gov (United States)

O'Neill, Liam; Dexter, Franklin; Park, Sae-Hwan; Epstein, Richard H

2017-09-01

Most surgical discharges (54%) at the average hospital are for procedures performed no more often than once per month at that hospital. We hypothesized that such uncommon procedures would be associated with an even greater percentage of the total cost of performing all surgical procedures at that hospital. Observational study. State of Texas hospital discharge abstract data: 4th quarter of 2015 and 1st quarter of 2016. Inpatients discharged with a major therapeutic ("operative") procedure. For each of N=343 hospitals, counts of discharges, sums of lengths of stay (LOS), sums of diagnosis related group (DRG) case-mix weights, and sums of charges were obtained for each procedure or combination of procedures, classified by International Classification of Diseases version 10 Procedure Coding System (ICD-10-PCS). Each discharge was classified into 2 categories, uncommon versus not, defined as a procedure performed at most once per month versus those performed more often than once per month. Major procedures performed at most once per month per hospital accounted for an average among hospitals of 68% of the total inpatient costs associated with all major therapeutic procedures. On average, the percentage of total costs associated with uncommon procedures was 26% greater than expected based on their share of total discharges (Pcosts among surgical patients can be attributed to procedures performed at most once per month per hospital. The finding that such uncommon procedures account for a large percentage of costs is important because methods of cost accounting by procedure are generally unsuitable for them. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

The shift of accounting models and accounting quality: the case of Norwegian GAAP

OpenAIRE

Stenheim, Tonny; Madsen, Dag Øivind

2017-01-01

This is an Open Access journal available from http://www.virtusinterpress.org This paper investigates the change in accounting quality w hen firms shift from a revenue - oriented historical cost accounting regime as Norwegian GAAP (NGAAP) to a balance - oriented fair value accounting regime as International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). Previous studies have demonstrated mixed effects o n the accounting quality upon IFRS adoption. One possible reason is that the investigated domest...

DMFCA Model as a Possible Way to Detect Creative Accounting and Accounting Fraud in an Enterprise

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jindřiška Kouřilová

2013-05-01

Full Text Available The quality of reported accounting data as well as the quality and behaviour of their users influence the efficiency of an enterprise’s management. Its assessment could therefore be changed as well. To identify creative accounting and fraud, several methods and tools were used. In this paper we would like to present our proposal of the DMFCA (Detection model Material Flow Cost Accounting balance model based on environmental accounting and the MFCA (Material Flow Cost Accounting as its method. The following balance areas are included: material, financial and legislative. Using the analysis of strengths and weaknesses of the model, its possible use within a production and business company were assessed. Its possible usage to the detection of some creative accounting techniques was also assessed. The Model is developed in details for practical use and describing theoretical aspects.

PV O&M Cost Model and Cost Reduction

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Walker, Andy

2017-03-15

This is a presentation on PV O&M cost model and cost reduction for the annual Photovoltaic Reliability Workshop (2017), covering estimating PV O&M costs, polynomial expansion, and implementation of Net Present Value (NPV) and reserve account in cost models.

California School Accounting Manual. 1984 Edition.

Science.gov (United States)

Lundin, Janet, Ed.

California's official school accounting procedures, amended in 1984 to clarify definitions and improve program cost accounting, are presented. Following an introduction that discusses general characteristics of school accounting, the manual explains the following areas of accounting practice: (1) financial reporting; (2) income; (3) expenditures;…

Issues Of Managerial Accounting Methodology

OpenAIRE

Barulina E.V; Barulina M.S

2012-01-01

This article deals with management accounting, its role and objectives during financial planning process. Research of on American, German and Russian scientists are also considered. Author formulates his own definitions of aims of management accounting, highlighters that object of financial accounting have to include economic costs, economic revenue and economic added value, economic interest. More  over Author defines methods of managment accounting.

Nuclear fuel lease accounting

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Danielson, A.H.

1986-01-01

The subject of nuclear fuel lease accounting is a controversial one that has received much attention over the years. This has occurred during a period when increasing numbers of utilities, seeking alternatives to traditional financing methods, have turned to leasing their nuclear fuel inventories. The purpose of this paper is to examine the current accounting treatment of nuclear fuel leases as prescribed by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) and the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission's (FERC's) Uniform System of Accounts. Cost accounting for leased nuclear fuel during the fuel cycle is also discussed

14 CFR 152.305 - Accounting records.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 3 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Accounting records. 152.305 Section 152.305... AIRPORT AID PROGRAM Accounting and Reporting Requirements § 152.305 Accounting records. (a) Airport... individual project, an accounting record satisfactory to the Administrator which segregates cost information...

18 CFR 367.9110 - Account 911, Supervision.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-04-01

... account must include the cost of labor and expenses incurred in the general direction and supervision of sales activities, except merchandising. Direct supervision of a specific activity, such as demonstrating, selling, or advertising, must be charged to the account wherein the costs of such activity are included...

The Cost of Joint Replacement: Comparing Two Approaches to Evaluating Costs of Total Hip and Knee Arthroplasty.

Science.gov (United States)

Palsis, John A; Brehmer, Thomas S; Pellegrini, Vincent D; Drew, Jacob M; Sachs, Barton L

2018-02-21

In an era of mandatory bundled payments for total joint replacement, accurate analysis of the cost of procedures is essential for orthopaedic surgeons and their institutions to maintain viable practices. The purpose of this study was to compare traditional accounting and time-driven activity-based costing (TDABC) methods for estimating the total costs of total hip and knee arthroplasty care cycles. We calculated the overall costs of elective primary total hip and total knee replacement care cycles at our academic medical center using traditional and TDABC accounting methods. We compared the methods with respect to the overall costs of hip and knee replacement and the costs for each major cost category. The traditional accounting method resulted in higher cost estimates. The total cost per hip replacement was $22,076 (2014 USD) using traditional accounting and was $12,957 using TDABC. The total cost per knee replacement was $29,488 using traditional accounting and was $16,981 using TDABC. With respect to cost categories, estimates using traditional accounting were greater for hip and knee replacement, respectively, by $3,432 and $5,486 for personnel, by $3,398 and $3,664 for space and equipment, and by $2,289 and $3,357 for indirect costs. Implants and consumables were derived from the actual hospital purchase price; accordingly, both methods produced equivalent results. Substantial cost differences exist between accounting methods. The focus of TDABC only on resources used directly by the patient contrasts with the allocation of all operating costs, including all indirect costs and unused capacity, with traditional accounting. We expect that the true costs of hip and knee replacement care cycles are likely somewhere between estimates derived from traditional accounting methods and TDABC. TDABC offers patient-level granular cost information that better serves in the redesign of care pathways and may lead to more strategic resource-allocation decisions to optimize

The Experimental Role of Accounting in Shaping Project

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Christensen, Mark; Skærbæk, Peter; Tryggestad, Kjell

2016-01-01

, 2009) and the literature on accounting as programs (Miller, 1991, Miller and Power, 2013) by showing how accounting plays an experimental role in shaping the dynamics between a New Public Management programme of outsourcing and its projects. The study illuminates decisionmaking about programs...... and strategic options as a trial of strength involving accounting in an experimental role, in our case, over how to source the facilities management in the Danish Defence Forces. Our contribution is to show how accounting plays an experimental role in generating new and unexpected program options...... of economic experiments with (out-)sourcing options using various accounting data such as; location specific cost data in vivo (real life data like those from the accounting system) for individual barracks, and aggregated cost data and cost projections in vitro ( in a controlled experimental project setting...

Study on the Full-cost Accounting System in Hospital Financial Management%医院财务管理中全成本合算系统的研究

Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

姜婷

2013-01-01

This paper mainly describes the value for using full-cost accounting system in hospital financial management, the following principle of full-cost accounting in the implementation process and the main problems and contradictions of full-cost accounting in the implementation of hospital. The paper makes everyone has a deep understanding for using full-cost accounting system in hospital financial management by investigating these problems.%本文主要是通过对医院财务管理中采用全成本合算系统的价值意义、全成本核算在实施过程中所遵循的原理以及医院在实施全成本核算中所面临的主要的问题和存在的主要矛盾来展开描述，通过对这些问题的探讨使得大家对医院财务管理中采用全成本核算系统有一个更加深入的认识。

Comparison of time-oriented cost accounting catalogs to control a Departement of Radiology

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hacklaender, T.; Mertens, H.; Cramer, B.M.

2005-01-01

Purpose: Within a hospital, the radiology department has taken over the role of a cost center. Cost accounting can be applied to analyze the cost for the performance of services. By assigning the expenditures of resources to the service, the cash value can directly be distributed to the costs of equipment, material and rooms. Time-oriented catalogs of services are predefined to calculate the number of the employees for a radiology department. Using our own survey of time data, we examined whether such catalogs correctly represent the time consumed in a radiology department. Only services relevant for the turnover were compared. Materials and Methods: For 96 primary radiological services defined by the score-oriented German fee catalog for physicians (Gebuehrenordnung fuer Aerzte), a ranking list was made for the annual procedures in descending frequency order. According to the Pareto principle, the 11 services with the highest frequency were chosen and the time consumed for the technical and medical services was collected over a period of 2 months. This survey was compared with the time-oriented catalogs TARMED and EBM 2000plus. Results: The included 11 relevant radiological services represented 80.3% of the annual procedures of our radiology department. When comparing the technical services between the time-oriented catalogs and our own survey, TARMED gives a better description of the time consumed in 7 of the 11 services and EMB 2000plus in 3 services. When comparing the medical services, TARMED gives a better description of the time consumed in 6 of the 11 services and EBM 2000plus in 4 services. When averaging all the radiological services, TARMED overestimates the current number of physicians necessary for primary reading by a factor of 10.0% and EBM 2000plus by a factor of 2.6%. Conclusion: As to the time spent on performing the relevant radiological services. TARMED is slightly superior to describe the radiology department of a hospital than EBM 2000plus

Directors' report and accounts 1990-1991

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

1992-01-01

The Director's Report and accounts for Scottish Hydro-Electric PLC are presented for the period 1990-91. Details are given of the accounting policies, profit and loss account, balance sheet, source and application of funds and abridged current cost information. (UK)

Tax compliance costs: A review of cost burdens and cost structures

OpenAIRE

Eichfelder, Sebastian; Vaillancourt, François

2014-01-01

Our paper provides a comprehensive report of empirical research on tax compliance costs. Compared to previous reviews, our focus is on average costs for sub-groups (individual taxpayers, small business-es, large businesses) and the composition of the cost burden with regards to different cost components(in-house time effort, external adviser costs, other monetary expenses), different taxes (e.g. income tax, value added tax) and different activities like tax accounting and tax planning. In add...

Marginal abatement cost curves for NOx that account for ...

Science.gov (United States)

A marginal abatement cost curve (MACC) traces out the relationship between the quantity of pollution abated and the marginal cost of abating each additional unit. In the context of air quality management, MACCs typically are developed by sorting end-of-pipe controls by their respective cost effectiveness. Alternative measures, such as renewable electricity, energy efficiency, and fuel switching (RE/EE/FS), are not considered as it is difficult to quantify their abatement potential. In this paper, we demonstrate the use of an energy system model to develop a MACC for nitrogen oxides (NOx) that incorporates both end-of-pipe controls and these alternative measures. We decompose the MACC by sector, and evaluate the cost-effectiveness of RE/EE/FS relative to end-of-pipe controls. RE/EE/FS are shown to produce considerable emission reductions after end-of-pipe controls have been exhausted. Furthermore, some RE/EE/FS are shown to be cost-competitive with end-of-pipe controls. Demonstrate how the MARKAL energy system model can be used to evaluate the potential role of renewable electricity, energy efficiency and fuel switching (RE/EE/FS) in achieving NOx reductions. For this particular analysis, we show that RE/EE/FSs are able to increase the quantity of NOx reductions available for a particular marginal cost (ranging from $5k per ton to $40k per ton) by approximately 50%.

How "accountable" are accountable care organizations?

Science.gov (United States)

Addicott, Rachael; Shortell, Stephen M

2014-01-01

The establishment of accountable care organizations (ACOs) in the Affordable Care Act (ACA) was intended to support both cost savings and high-quality care. However, a key challenge will be to ensure that governance and accountability mechanisms are sufficient to support those twin ambitions. This exploratory study considers how recently developed ACOs have established governance structures and accountability mechanisms, particularly focusing on attempts at collaborative accountability and shared governance arrangements. Four case studies of ACOs across the United States were undertaken, with data collected throughout 2012. These involved 34 semistructured interviews with ACO administrative and clinical leaders, observation of nine meetings, and a review of documentary materials from each ACO. We identified very few examples of physicians being held to account as a collective and therefore only limited evidence of collaborative accountability impacting on behavior change. However, ACO leaders do have many mechanisms available to stimulate change across physicians. The challenge is to determine governance structure(s) and accountability mechanisms that facilitate the most effective combination of approaches, measures, incentives, and sanctions to achieve the goals of more accountable care. Accountability structures and processes will need to be tailored to local membership composition, historical evolution, and current stage of development. There are also some common lessons to be drawn. Shared goals and incentives should be reflected through performance criteria. It is important to align measures and thresholds across payers to ensure ACOs are not unnecessarily burdened or compromised by reporting on different and potentially disjointed measures. Finally, emphasis needs to be placed on the importance of credible, transparent data. This exploratory study provides early evidence regarding how ACOs are establishing their governance and accountability arrangements and

Models and Rules of Evaluation in International Accounting

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Niculae Feleaga

2006-04-01

Full Text Available The accounting procedures cannot be analyzed without a previous evaluation. Value is in general a very subjective issue, usually the result of a monetary evaluation made to a specific asset, group of assets or entities, or to some rendered services. Within the economic sciences, value comes from its very own deep history. In accounting, the concept of value had a late and fragile start. The term of value must not be misinterpreted as being the same thing with cost, even though value is frequently measured through costs. At the origin of the international accounting standards lays the framework for preparing, presenting and disclosing the financial statements. The framework stays as a reference matrix, as a standard of standards, as a constitution of financial accounting. According to the international framework, the financial statements use different evaluation basis: the hystorical cost, the current cost, the realisable (settlement value, the present value (the present value of cash flows. Choosing the evaluation basis and the capital maintenance concept will eventually determine the accounting evaluation model used in preparing the financial statements of a company. The multitude of accounting evaluation models differentiate themselves one from another through various relevance and reliable degrees of accounting information and therefore, accountants (the prepares of financial statements must try to equilibrate these two main qualitative characteristics of financial information.

Models and Rules of Evaluation in International Accounting

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Liliana Feleaga

2006-06-01

Full Text Available The accounting procedures cannot be analyzed without a previous evaluation. Value is in general a very subjective issue, usually the result of a monetary evaluation made to a specific asset, group of assets or entities, or to some rendered services. Within the economic sciences, value comes from its very own deep history. In accounting, the concept of value had a late and fragile start. The term of value must not be misinterpreted as being the same thing with cost, even though value is frequently measured through costs. At the origin of the international accounting standards lays the framework for preparing, presenting and disclosing the financial statements. The framework stays as a reference matrix, as a standard of standards, as a constitution of financial accounting. According to the international framework, the financial statements use different evaluation basis: the hystorical cost, the current cost, the realisable (settlement value, the present value (the present value of cash flows. Choosing the evaluation basis and the capital maintenance concept will eventually determine the accounting evaluation model used in preparing the financial statements of a company. The multitude of accounting evaluation models differentiate themselves one from another through various relevance and reliable degrees of accounting information and therefore, accountants (the prepares of financial statements must try to equilibrate these two main qualitative characteristics of financial information.

Management accounting in an area. [United Kingdom

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Cheney, G.H.

1985-01-01

The role of a chief accountant in a mining Area, in particular the management accounting aspect, is demonstrated by considering: cash flow; cost control; functional costing; capital expenditure appraisal; budgetary control and zero base budgeting. The above subject headings and their needs are also considered in the light of the current economic situation. 4 references.

Bank Accounting and Market Valuation in Japan: An Overview of Accounting Issues of Financial Instruments

OpenAIRE

Marie Ogawa; Takashi Kubota

1995-01-01

This paper considers a framework for introducing market valuation to Japanese bank accounting, focusing on practical issues to be solved. Reflecting the growing concern over the present historical cost accounting, it is argued that market valuation should be introduced to bank accounting for disclosure purpose in Japan. Particularly, there are strong arguments for market valuation of certain types of financial instruments. Specific considerations include: the overview of present accounting in...

Defense Finance and Accounting Service Administration of Unit Costs

National Research Council Canada - National Science Library

Lay, F

1996-01-01

...) of products or outputs produced. Audit Objectives. We conducted this part of our audit to find out whether unit costs for goods and services provided by DFAS were determined in accordance with DoD policies and based on actual costs incurred...

Nuclear fuels accounting interface: River Bend experience

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Barry, J.E.

1986-01-01

This presentation describes nuclear fuel accounting activities from the perspective of nuclear fuels management and its interfaces. Generally, Nuclear Fuels-River Bend Nuclear Group (RBNG) is involved on a day-by-day basis with nuclear fuel materials accounting in carrying out is procurement, contract administration, processing, and inventory management duties, including those associated with its special nuclear materials (SNM)-isotopics accountability oversight responsibilities as the Central Accountability Office for the River Bend Station. As much as possible, these duties are carried out in an integrated, interdependent manner. From these primary functions devolve Nuclear Fuels interfacing activities with fuel cost and tax accounting. Noting that nuclear fuel tax accounting support is of both an esoteric and intermittent nature, Nuclear Fuels-RBNG support of developments and applications associated with nuclear fuel cost accounting is stressed in this presentation

Accounting in Historical Costs – since when and until when?

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Guni Claudia

2017-01-01

Full Text Available The financial accounting has been thoroughly developed, the accounting methods andinstruments applied internationally having been slowly appropriated, to the point that nowadaysthey have been taken over and successfully implemented by the vast majority of Romanianeconomic entities. We can say today, that, as a result of a thorough analysis of the economicenvironment in our country for the last twenty years, it is perceptible a change in the attitude andmentality of the people in general and of the accounting specialists in particular. These changesconstitute a cause and a challenge at the same time, for any researcher passionate about thefinancial field of accountancy - of bringing some added value in an area as contradictory as theasset evaluation.

A framework for cost-aware process management: cost reporting and cost prediction

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Wynn, M.T.; Low, W.Z.; Hofstede, ter A.H.M.; Nauta, W.E.

2014-01-01

Organisations are constantly seeking efficiency gains for their business processes in terms of time and cost. Management accounting enables detailed cost reporting of business operations for decision making purposes, although significant effort is required to gather accurate operational data.

Cost-effectiveness analysis of human papillomavirus vaccination in South Africa accounting for human immunodeficiency virus prevalence.

Science.gov (United States)

Li, Xiao; Stander, Martinus P; Van Kriekinge, Georges; Demarteau, Nadia

2015-12-11

This study aims at evaluating the cost-effectiveness of a 2-dose schedule human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination programme of HPV and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) naïve 12-year-old girls, in addition to cervical cancer (CC) screening alone, in South Africa. The study aims to account for both the impact of the vaccine among girls who are HIV-positive (HIV+) as well as HIV-negative (HIV-) population. A previously published Markov cohort model was adapted to assess the impact and cost-effectiveness of a HPV vaccination programme in girls aged 12 years (N = 527 900) using the AS04-adjuvanted HPV-16/18 vaccine from a public payer perspective. Two subpopulations were considered: HIV- and HIV+ women. Each population followed the HPV natural history with different transition probabilities. Model input data were obtained from the literature, local databases and Delphi panel. Costs and outcomes were discounted at 5 %. Extensive sensitivity analyses were conducted to assess the robustness of the evaluation. Implementation of the AS04-adjuvanted HPV-16/18 vaccine in combination with current cytological screening in South African girls could prevent up to 8 869 CC cases and 5 436 CC deaths over the lifetime of a single cohort. Without discounting, this HPV vaccine is dominant over screening alone; with discounting, the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio is ZAR 81 978 (South African Rand) per quality-adjusted life years (QALY) gained. HPV vaccination can be considered cost-effective based on World Health Organization (WHO) recommended threshold (3 x gross domestic product/capita = ZAR 200 293). In a scenario with a hypothetical targeted vaccination in a HIV+ subpopulation alone, the modelled outcomes suggest that HPV vaccination is still cost-effective, although the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio increases to ZAR 102 479. Results were sensitive to discount rate, vaccine efficacy, HIV incidence and mortality rates, and HPV-related disease

Cost Reporting at a Navy Branch Clinic

Science.gov (United States)

1993-03-01

John Wiley & Sons, 1991. 15 Horngren , Charles, Cost Accounting -=A Managerial Emphasis, 5th Edition, Prentice Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, N.J., 1982...traditionally reported under a partial cost reporting system. By applying basic principles of managerial accounting , a full cost reporting system is...traditionally reported under a partial cost reporting system. By applying basic principles of managerial accounting , a proposed full cost reporting

Cost Allocation and Overpricing of Spare Parts.

Science.gov (United States)

1986-09-01

traditional cost allocation process as reported in accounting literature. Horngren reported there are essen- tially three facets of cost allocation as...is for more than one unit of a product. Horngren reports cost accounting systems commonly have two major cost objectives: departments and products (8...Standards Board: Standards, Rules, and Regulations. Washington: Government Printing Office, 1985. 8. Horngren , Charles T. Cost Accounting : A Managerial

Accounting for Housing in a CPI

OpenAIRE

Diewert, Erwin; Nakamura, Alice O.

2009-01-01

In this paper, we take stock of how statistical agencies in different nations are currently accounting for housing in their consumer price indexes (CPIs). The rental equivalence and user cost approaches have been favourites of economists. Both can be derived from the fundamental equation of capital theory. Concerns about these approaches are taken up. We go on to argue that an opportunity cost approach is the correct theoretical framework for accounting for owner-occupied housing (OOH) in a C...

Application of the Activity-Based Costing Method for Unit-Cost Calculation in a Hospital

Science.gov (United States)

Javid, Mahdi; Hadian, Mohammad; Ghaderi, Hossein; Ghaffari, Shahram; Salehi, Masoud

2016-01-01

Background: Choosing an appropriate accounting system for hospital has always been a challenge for hospital managers. Traditional cost system (TCS) causes cost distortions in hospital. Activity-based costing (ABC) method is a new and more effective cost system. Objective: This study aimed to compare ABC with TCS method in calculating the unit cost of medical services and to assess its applicability in Kashani Hospital, Shahrekord City, Iran. Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on accounting data of Kashani Hospital in 2013. Data on accounting reports of 2012 and other relevant sources at the end of 2012 were included. To apply ABC method, the hospital was divided into several cost centers and five cost categories were defined: wage, equipment, space, material, and overhead costs. Then activity centers were defined. ABC method was performed into two phases. First, the total costs of cost centers were assigned to activities by using related cost factors. Then the costs of activities were divided to cost objects by using cost drivers. After determining the cost of objects, the cost price of medical services was calculated and compared with those obtained from TCS. Results: The Kashani Hospital had 81 physicians, 306 nurses, and 328 beds with the mean occupancy rate of 67.4% during 2012. Unit cost of medical services, cost price of occupancy bed per day, and cost per outpatient service were calculated. The total unit costs by ABC and TCS were respectively 187.95 and 137.70 USD, showing 50.34 USD more unit cost by ABC method. ABC method represented more accurate information on the major cost components. Conclusion: By utilizing ABC, hospital managers have a valuable accounting system that provides a true insight into the organizational costs of their department. PMID:26234974

Application of the Activity-Based Costing Method for Unit-Cost Calculation in a Hospital.

Science.gov (United States)

Javid, Mahdi; Hadian, Mohammad; Ghaderi, Hossein; Ghaffari, Shahram; Salehi, Masoud

2015-05-17

Choosing an appropriate accounting system for hospital has always been a challenge for hospital managers. Traditional cost system (TCS) causes cost distortions in hospital. Activity-based costing (ABC) method is a new and more effective cost system. This study aimed to compare ABC with TCS method in calculating the unit cost of medical services and to assess its applicability in Kashani Hospital, Shahrekord City, Iran.‎ This cross-sectional study was performed on accounting data of Kashani Hospital in 2013. Data on accounting reports of 2012 and other relevant sources at the end of 2012 were included. To apply ABC method, the hospital was divided into several cost centers and five cost categories were defined: wage, equipment, space, material, and overhead costs. Then activity centers were defined. ABC method was performed into two phases. First, the total costs of cost centers were assigned to activities by using related cost factors. Then the costs of activities were divided to cost objects by using cost drivers. After determining the cost of objects, the cost price of medical services was calculated and compared with those obtained from TCS.‎ The Kashani Hospital had 81 physicians, 306 nurses, and 328 beds with the mean occupancy rate of 67.4% during 2012. Unit cost of medical services, cost price of occupancy bed per day, and cost per outpatient service were calculated. The total unit costs by ABC and TCS were respectively 187.95 and 137.70 USD, showing 50.34 USD more unit cost by ABC method. ABC method represented more accurate information on the major cost components. By utilizing ABC, hospital managers have a valuable accounting system that provides a true insight into the organizational costs of their department.

Creativity in Managerial Accounting: the Syndrome of Clone-type Production Costs

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Flavius-Andrei Guinea

2016-01-01

Full Text Available This study presents the complex and delicate subject of managerial accounting systems, aiming to highlight the motivational complex of developing creative accounting techniques and to identify certain creative accounting techniques at the border between legal and fraud. The field research undertaken was also aimed at identifying and possibly solving the problems related to identifying and presenting a set of creative accounting techniques in the practical context of implemented systems, focusing also on the consequences on the quality of the accounting information. The contributions of the study are highlighted particularly in the practical level, this aspect being obviously due to the types of research conducted. One of the fundamental objectives of the study was to spark the interest in the practical possibilities of protecting against the dangers occurring from a creative managerial accounting system.

Task Uncertainty Can Account for Mixing and Switch Costs in Task-Switching

Science.gov (United States)

Rennie, Jaime L.

2015-01-01

Cognitive control is required in situations that involve uncertainty or change, such as when resolving conflict, selecting responses and switching tasks. Recently, it has been suggested that cognitive control can be conceptualised as a mechanism which prioritises goal-relevant information to deal with uncertainty. This hypothesis has been supported using a paradigm that requires conflict resolution. In this study, we examine whether cognitive control during task switching is also consistent with this notion. We used information theory to quantify the level of uncertainty in different trial types during a cued task-switching paradigm. We test the hypothesis that differences in uncertainty between task repeat and task switch trials can account for typical behavioural effects in task-switching. Increasing uncertainty was associated with less efficient performance (i.e., slower and less accurate), particularly on switch trials and trials that afford little opportunity for advance preparation. Interestingly, both mixing and switch costs were associated with a common episodic control process. These results support the notion that cognitive control may be conceptualised as an information processor that serves to resolve uncertainty in the environment. PMID:26107646

FASB (Financial Accounting Standards Board) issues new accounting rules for debt and equity securities.

Science.gov (United States)

Reinstein, A; Bayou, M E

1994-10-01

The Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) recently issued a new statement that requires all companies to change their methods of accounting for debt and equity securities. Rather than allowing organizations to use a historical cost approach in accounting for such financial instruments, FASB Statement No. 115 requires organizations to adopt a market value approach. The provisions of this statement will affect significantly organizations in the healthcare industry that have large investment portfolios.

The Actuarial Accounting in the Modern Financial-Accounting Management with Applications to the Entities

OpenAIRE

Gheorghe V. Lepadatu

2012-01-01

The opening of the accounting to the actuarial calculation is a normal consequence of its evolving spirit. At the origin of the international accounting standards lies the framework for preparing, presenting and disclosing the financial statements. The framework stays as a reference matrix, as a standard of standards, as a constitution of financial accounting. According to the international framework, the financial statements use different evaluation bases: the historical cost, the current co...

A methodology for costing man-rem

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bieber, C.

1976-03-01

An attempt is made to provide a methodology for costing man-rem in a way that can be applied to station conditions, based on 1974 Pickering G.S. data. Factors taken into account were social costs, exposure costs (dose accounting, training, dosimetry) temporary labour costs, and permanent replacement labour costs. A figure of $620/ man-rem was derived. (LL)

Nuclear fuel accounting

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Aisch, D.E.

1977-01-01

After a nuclear power plant has started commercial operation the actual nuclear fuel costs have to be demonstrated in the rate making procedure. For this purpose an accounting system has to be developed which comprises the following features: 1) All costs associated with nuclear fuel shall be correctly recorded; 2) it shall be sufficiently flexible to cover also deviations from proposed core loading patterns; 3) it shall be applicable to different fuel cycle schemes. (orig./RW) [de

Why is traditional accounting failing managers?

Science.gov (United States)

Cokins, G

1998-11-01

This article provides an account of activity-based costing. It presents a general overview of this costing method, lists benefits and key concerns, discusses some of the impediments to its spread, and predicts its increasing use.

Activity-Based Costing (ABC and Time-Driven Activity-Based Costing (TDABC: Applicable Methods for University Libraries?

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Kate-Riin Kont

2011-01-01

Full Text Available Objective – This article provides an overview of how university libraries research and adapt new cost accounting models, such as “activity-based costing” (ABC and “time-driven activity-based costing” (TDABC, focusing on the strengths and weaknesses of both methods to determine which of these two is suitable for application in university libraries.Methods – This paper reviews and summarizes the literature on cost accounting and costing practices of university libraries. A brief overview of the history of cost accounting, costing, and time and motion studies in libraries is also provided. The ABC and the TDABC method, designed as a revised and easier version of the ABC by Kaplan and Anderson (Kaplan & Anderson 2004 at the beginning of the 21st century, as well as the adoption and adaptation of these methods by university libraries are described, and their strengths and weaknesses, as well as their suitability for university libraries, are analyzed. Results – Cost accounting and costing studies in libraries have a long history, the first of these dating back to 1877. The development of cost accounting and time and motion studies can be seen as a natural evolution of techniques which were created to solve management problems. The ABC method is the best-known management accounting innovation of the last 20 years, and is already widely used in university libraries around the world. However, setting up an ABC system can be very costly, and the system needs to be regularly updated, which further increases its costs. The TDABC system can not only be implemented more quickly (and thus more cheaply, but also can be updated more easily than the traditional ABC, which makes the TDABC the more suitable method for university libraries.Conclusion – Both methods are suitable for university libraries. However, the ABC method can only be implemented in collaboration with an accounting department. The TDABC method can be tested and implemented by

18 CFR 367.1540 - Account 154, Materials and operating supplies.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-04-01

... if not known. The cost of repairing the items must be charged to the maintenance account appropriate... the items. The cost of repairing the items must be charged to the appropriate expense account as indicated by previous use. (3) Scrap and non-usable materials included in this account must be carried at...

Development of a Practical Costing Method for Hospitals

OpenAIRE

Cao, Pengyu; Toyabe, Shin-ichi; Akazawa, Kouhei

2006-01-01

To realize an effective cost control, a practical and accurate cost accounting system is indispensable in hospitals. In traditional cost accounting systems, the volume-based costing (VBC) is the most popular cost accounting method. In this method, the indirect costs are allocated to each cost object (services or units of a hospital) using a single indicator named a cost driver (e.g., Labor hours, revenues or the number of patients). However, this method often results in rough and inaccurate r...

Costing Practices in Healthcare

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Chapman, Christopher; Kern, Anja; Laguecir, Aziza

2014-01-01

.e., Diagnosis Related Group (DRG) systems, and costing practices. DRG-based payment systems strongly influence costing practices in multiple ways. In particular, setting DRG tariffs requires highly standardized costing practices linked with specific skill sets from management accountants and brings other...... jurisdictions (e.g., clinical coding) to bear on costing practice. These factors contribute to the fragmentation of the jurisdiction of management accounting.......The rising cost of healthcare is a globally pressing concern. This makes detailed attention to the way in which costing is carried out of central importance. This article offers a framework for considering the interdependencies between a dominant element of the contemporary healthcare context, i...

Organizational Design and Management Accounting Change

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Matejka, M.; De Waegenaere, A.M.B.

2000-01-01

Changing management accounting systems requires more than appropriate implementation.It is argued that structural characteristics of an organization, centralization in particular, should also be taken into account when deciding on a change.Centralization implies higher costs of communication because

Future Role of the Cost Accounting Standards Board

National Research Council Canada - National Science Library

1999-01-01

.... Cost- based contracts continue to represent the majority of all federal contracting dollars and the original purposes of the CAS--principally the need for uniformity and consistency to protect...

Effects of Information Access Cost and Accountability on Medical Residents' Information Retrieval Strategy and Performance During Prehandover Preparation: Evidence From Interview and Simulation Study.

Science.gov (United States)

Yang, X Jessie; Wickens, Christopher D; Park, Taezoon; Fong, Liesel; Siah, Kewin T H

2015-12-01

We aimed to examine the effects of information access cost and accountability on medical residents' information retrieval strategy and performance during prehandover preparation. Prior studies observing doctors' prehandover practices witnessed the use of memory-intensive strategies when retrieving patient information. These strategies impose potential threats to patient safety as human memory is prone to errors. Of interest in this work are the underlying determinants of information retrieval strategy and the potential impacts on medical residents' information preparation performance. A two-step research approach was adopted, consisting of semistructured interviews with 21 medical residents and a simulation-based experiment with 32 medical residents. The semistructured interviews revealed that a substantial portion of medical residents (38%) relied largely on memory for preparing handover information. The simulation-based experiment showed that higher information access cost reduced information access attempts and access duration on patient documents and harmed information preparation performance. Higher accountability led to marginally longer access to patient documents. It is important to understand the underlying determinants of medical residents' information retrieval strategy and performance during prehandover preparation. We noted the criticality of easy access to patient documents in prehandover preparation. In addition, accountability marginally influenced medical residents' information retrieval strategy. Findings from this research suggested that the cost of accessing information sources should be minimized in developing handover preparation tools. © 2015, Human Factors and Ergonomics Society.

Central Accountability System (CLAS)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hairston, L.A.

1991-01-01

The Central Accountability System (CLAS) is a high level accountability system that consolidates data from the site's 39 material balance areas (MBA) for reporting to Westinghouse Savannah River Company (WSRC) management, Department of Energy (DOE) and the Nuclear Materials Management and Safeguards System (NMMSS) in Oak Ridge, TN. Development of the system began in 1989 and became operational in April, 1991. The CLAS system enhances data accuracy and accountability records, resulting in increased productivity and time and cost savings. This paper reports that the system is in compliance with DOE Orders and meets NMMSS reporting requirements. WSRC management is provided with the overall status of the site's nuclear material inventory. CLAS gives WSRC a leading edge in accounting technology and enhances good accounting practices

Material flow cost accounting as a tool for improved resource efficiency in the hotel sector: A case of emerging market

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Celani John Nyide

2016-12-01

Full Text Available Material Flow Cost Accounting (MFCA is one of the Environmental Management Accounting (EMA tools that has been developed to enable environmentally and economically efficient material usage and thus improve resource efficiency. However, the use of this tool to improve resource efficiency in the South African hotel sector remains unknown. An exploratory study, qualitative in nature, was conducted using a single case study with embedded units approach. A Hotel Management Group that met the selection criteria formed part of this study. In-depth interviews were conducted with 10 participants and additional documents were analysed. The investigated hotels have developed technologies that provide an environmental account in both physical and monetary units which constitute the use of MFCA to improve resource efficiencies. However, the study established a number of factors that affect the implementation of MFCA by the hotel sector in a South African context

Cost incentives for doctors

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Schottmüller, Christoph

2013-01-01

If doctors take the costs of treatment into account when prescribing medication, their objectives differ from their patients' objectives because the patients are insured. This misalignment of interests hampers communication between patient and doctor. Giving cost incentives to doctors increases...... welfare if (i) the doctor's examination technology is sufficiently good or (ii) (marginal) costs of treatment are high enough. If the planner can costlessly choose the extent to which doctors take costs into account, he will opt for less than 100%. Optimal health care systems should implement different...... degrees of cost incentives depending on type of disease and/or doctor....

Corporate Accounting Policy Efficiency Improvement

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Elena K. Vorobei

2013-01-01

Full Text Available The article is focused on the issues of efficient use of different methods of tax accounting for the optimization of income tax expenses and their consolidation in corporate accounting policy. The article makes reasoned conclusions, concerning optimal selection of depreciation methods for tax and bookkeeping accounting and their consolidation in corporate accounting policy and consolidation of optimal methods of cost recovery in production, considering business environment. The impact of the selected methods on corporate income tax rates and corporate property tax rates was traced and tax recovery was estimated.

Regression Analysis: Instructional Resource for Cost/Managerial Accounting

Science.gov (United States)

Stout, David E.

2015-01-01

This paper describes a classroom-tested instructional resource, grounded in principles of active learning and a constructivism, that embraces two primary objectives: "demystify" for accounting students technical material from statistics regarding ordinary least-squares (OLS) regression analysis--material that students may find obscure or…

The Effect of Activity-Based Costing on Logistics Management

Science.gov (United States)

1993-01-01

Accounting Horizons, Vol. 6, No. 3, September 1992, pp. 1-13. 38. Cooper, Robin and Robert S . Kaplan, The Design of Cost Management Systems...Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1991. 370 39. Cooper, Robin and Robert S . Kaplan, "How Cost Accounting Distorts Product Costs ," Management Accounting ... Cost /Management Accounting ," Management Accounting , Vol. 72, No. 4, pp. 48- 52. 58. Foster, George and Charles T. Horngren , "Flexible

The Importance of the Sustainability of Environmental Accounting

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Habib Akdoğan

2015-06-01

Full Text Available : Rapid population growth, industrialization, unplanned urbanization, global warming, tourism activities and natural disasters have resulted in environmental issues that have reached global dimensions and started to threaten the life of creatures. For the permanent protection of ecological balance and sustainability, massive national and international regulations are needed. Threatening the life of creatures has not been considered in the system consisting of the establishment of equilibrium between man and nature as required. At this point businesses have important responsibilities. Businesses, for example, in order to prevent environmental pollution waste control systems, filtration systems, recycling methods  etc. endured environmental costs in a variety of ways, as these costs are incurred also causes more businesses to see the value of protecting the environment. The result of the activities of environmental impacts of enterprises can be considered, to be taken in the preparation of the necessary data to guide decisions, contacts and presentation of the stages of the environmental accounting system. In this study, we first examine the concepts of environmental accounting, sustainability and environmental costs and then in the cement factories located in Turkey the environmental costs and environmental accounting will be given in the results of a survey made for the calculation of the sensitivity. Keywords: Environmental Accounting; Sustainability; Environmental Costs

47 CFR 36.181 - Material and supplies-Account 1220.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-10-01

... JURISDICTIONAL SEPARATIONS PROCEDURES; STANDARD PROCEDURES FOR SEPARATING TELECOMMUNICATIONS PROPERTY COSTS... Material and Supplies and Cash Working Capital § 36.181 Material and supplies—Account 1220. (a) The amount included in Account 1220 is apportioned among the operations on the basis of the apportionment of the cost...

Confidentiality of Accounting Academics: Consequences of Nonconformity

Science.gov (United States)

Amponsah, Emmanuel B.; Boateng, Peter Agyekum; Onuoha, Luke N.

2016-01-01

This paper examined ways by which nonconformity to confidentiality among accounting academics could lead to increased-recruitment-and-legal-costs to their employing universities in Ghana that offered accounting degree programmes. With a cross-sectional design, data collected from 1,225 accountants analysed via Cronbach's alpha,…

Factors Affecting Examination Attrition: Does Academic Support Help? A Survey of ACN203S (Cost Accounting and Control) Students at Unisa

Science.gov (United States)

Tladi, Lerato Sonia

2013-01-01

This study sought to determine the attributing and contributing factors to examination absence as well as whether the academic and social support available to students had a role to play in discouraging or reducing absence from examinations using results from a quantitative survey of ACN203S (Cost Accounting and Control) students who were admitted…

Identification and classification of open book accounting dimensions

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Leila Sadeghi

2014-05-01

Full Text Available This study aims to identify and to classify Open book accounting (OBA dimensions according to inter-organizational cost management (IOCM. The study selects six university professors in the field of accounting and by studying the theoretical literature and conducted investigations inside and outside of the country, the OBA dimensions were identified and then they were classified by analytical hierarchy process technique. According to the studies and experts’ ideas, four dimensions including nature of data and accounting data disclosure practices, uses of disclosed accounting data, conditions of OBA, cost implementation of OBA were identified as OBA dimensions. The results of our survey indicate that the form of data disclosure as well as coordination and planning among team members played essential role for OBA development. In addition, trust and the cost of the second party were other important factors, which must be considered when OBA is applied in any industry.

Hidden costs of low-cost screening mammography

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Cyrlak, D.

1987-01-01

Twenty-two hundred women in Orange County, California, took part in a low-cost mammography screening project sponsored by the American Cancer Society and the KCBS-TV. Patients were followed up by telephone and questioned about actual costs incurred as a result of screening mammography, including costs of repeated and follow-up mammograms, US examinations and surgical consultations. The total number of biopsies, cancers found, and the costs involved were investigated. The authors' results suggest that particularly in centers with a high positive call rate, the cost of screening mammograms accounts for only a small proportion of the medical costs

Student Academic Performance in Undergraduate Managerial-Accounting Courses

Science.gov (United States)

Al-Twaijry, Abdulrahman Ali

2010-01-01

The author's purpose was to identify potential factors possibly affecting student performance in three sequential management-accounting courses: Managerial Accounting (MA), Cost Accounting (CA), and Advanced Managerial Accounting (AMA) within the Saudi Arabian context. The sample, which was used to test the developed hypotheses, included 312…

Application of environmental accounting to pollution prevention assessments

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Del Mar, R.A.

1997-08-01

Environmental accounting represents a major paradigm shift in the way most companies account for costs and benefits. However, it is a change that must be made if pollution prevention is to become institutionalized into the corporate and government mainstream. Pollution prevention investments must be justified on an economic basis; without environmental accounting tools, pollution prevention investments cannot show their true profitability. This is because traditional accounting methods only track billable costs, thus ignoring some of the major benefits of pollution prevention investments, which are indirect savings resulting from a lessening of a company's regulatory compliance burden and present and future liabilities. This paper discusses how to apply environmental accounting principles to pollution prevention assessments to improve the outcome of profitability analyses

Task uncertainty can account for mixing and switch costs in task-switching.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Patrick S Cooper

Full Text Available Cognitive control is required in situations that involve uncertainty or change, such as when resolving conflict, selecting responses and switching tasks. Recently, it has been suggested that cognitive control can be conceptualised as a mechanism which prioritises goal-relevant information to deal with uncertainty. This hypothesis has been supported using a paradigm that requires conflict resolution. In this study, we examine whether cognitive control during task switching is also consistent with this notion. We used information theory to quantify the level of uncertainty in different trial types during a cued task-switching paradigm. We test the hypothesis that differences in uncertainty between task repeat and task switch trials can account for typical behavioural effects in task-switching. Increasing uncertainty was associated with less efficient performance (i.e., slower and less accurate, particularly on switch trials and trials that afford little opportunity for advance preparation. Interestingly, both mixing and switch costs were associated with a common episodic control process. These results support the notion that cognitive control may be conceptualised as an information processor that serves to resolve uncertainty in the environment.

A Cost Simulation Tool for Estimating the Cost of Operating Government Owned and Operated Ships

Science.gov (United States)

1994-09-01

Horngren , C.T., Foster, G., Datar, S.M., Cost Accounting : A Management Emphasis, Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1994 IBM Corporation, A Graphical...4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE A COST SIMULATION TOOL FOR 5. FUNDING NUMBERS ESTIMATING THE COST OF OPERATING GOVERNMENT OWNED AND OPERATED SHIPS 6. AUTHOR( S ...normally does not present a problem to the accounting department. The final category, the cost of operating the government owned and operated ships is

Development of analysis method of material f low cost accounting using lean technique in food production: A case study of Universal Food Public (UFC Co.,Ltd.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Wichai Chattinnawat

2015-06-01

Full Text Available This research aims to apply Lean technique in conjunction with analysis of Material Flow Cost Accounting (MFCA to production process of canned sweet corn in order to increase process efficiency, eliminate waste and reduce cost of the production. This research develops and presents new type of MFCA analysis by incorporating value and non-value added activities into the MFCA cost allocation process. According to the simulation-based measurement of the process efficiency, integrated cost allocation based on activity types results in higher proportion of negative product cost in comparison to that computed from conventional MFCA cost allocation. Thus, considering types of activities and process efficiency have great impacts on cost structure especially for the negative product cost. The research leads to solutions to improve work procedures, eliminate waste and reduce production cost. The overall cost per unit decreases with higher proportion of positive product cost.

28 CFR 100.14 - Directly allocable costs.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-07-01

... in accordance with the accounting principles used by the carrier in the preparation of their... costs is the cost accounting period during which such costs are incurred and accumulated for... 28 Judicial Administration 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Directly allocable costs. 100.14 Section...

THE RELEVANCE OF MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING FOR THE HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Briciu Sorin

2012-07-01

Full Text Available In the contemporary period the tourism and hospitality industry has experienced dynamic growth despite the challenges facing not only the global crisis, but also market changes, consumer behavior and technological trends. Accounting, the language of business is required to keep up with changes made to each particular area of activity so that they can provide timely relevant information to be managed by an efficient information system. Our article focuses on presenting the importance of management accounting and cost information system in the hospitality industry, then consider identifying features of this sector and their impact on accounting. The methodology of our research falls within the economic research, being theoretical, aiming primarily to knowledge objectives and the relevance of management accounting for economic entities, and then we have the characteristics of hospitality industry and possible organizational management accounting in this sector. In our perspective cost calculation for services, packages or travel benefits must take into account the development of the accounts from Class 9, so we propose a possible method to customize them according to the Direct Costing and CVP analysis. Our research will also be explanatory descriptive, trying to answer the questions How? and Why?

Application of a predictive Bayesian model to environmental accounting.

Science.gov (United States)

Anex, R P; Englehardt, J D

2001-03-30

Environmental accounting techniques are intended to capture important environmental costs and benefits that are often overlooked in standard accounting practices. Environmental accounting methods themselves often ignore or inadequately represent large but highly uncertain environmental costs and costs conditioned by specific prior events. Use of a predictive Bayesian model is demonstrated for the assessment of such highly uncertain environmental and contingent costs. The predictive Bayesian approach presented generates probability distributions for the quantity of interest (rather than parameters thereof). A spreadsheet implementation of a previously proposed predictive Bayesian model, extended to represent contingent costs, is described and used to evaluate whether a firm should undertake an accelerated phase-out of its PCB containing transformers. Variability and uncertainty (due to lack of information) in transformer accident frequency and severity are assessed simultaneously using a combination of historical accident data, engineering model-based cost estimates, and subjective judgement. Model results are compared using several different risk measures. Use of the model for incorporation of environmental risk management into a company's overall risk management strategy is discussed.

Risk factor and cost accounting analysis for dialysis patients in Taiwan.

Science.gov (United States)

Su, Bin-Guang; Tsai, Kai-Li; Yeh, Shu-Hsing; Ho, Yi-Yi; Liu, Shin-Yi; Rivers, Patrick A

2010-05-01

According to the 2004 US Renal Data System's annual report, the incidence rate of chronic renal failure in Taiwan increased from 120 to 352 per million populations between 1990 and 2003. This incidence rate is the highest in the world. The prevalence rate, which ranks number two in the world (Japan ranks number one), also increased from 384 to 1630 per million populations. Based on 2005 Taiwan national statistics, there were 52,958 end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients receiving routine dialysis treatment. This number, which comprised less than 0.2% of the total population and consumed $2.6 billion New Taiwan dollars, was more than 6.12% of the total annual spending of national health insurance during 2005. Dialysis expenditures for patients with ESRD rank the highest among all major injuries (traumas) and diseases. This article identifies and discusses the risk factors associated with consumption of medical resources during dialysis. Instead of using reimbursement data to estimate cost, as seen in previous studies, this study uses cost data within organizations and focuses on evaluating and predicting the resource consumption pattern for dialysis patients with different risk factors. Multiple regression analysis was used to identify 23 risk factors for routine dialysis patients. Of these risk factors, six were associated with the increase of dialysis cost: age (i.e. 75 years old and older), liver function disorder, hypertension, bile-duct disorder, cancer and high blood lipids. Patients with liver function disorder incurred much higher costs for injection medication and supplies. Hypertensive patients incurred higher costs for injection medication, supplies and oral medication. Patients with bile-duct disorder incurred a significant difference in check-up costs (i.e. costs were higher for those aged 75 years and older than those who were younger than 30 years of age). Cancer patients also incurred significant differences in cost of medical supplies. Patients

Activity-Based Costing & Warm Fuzzies - Costing, Presentation & Framing Influences on Decision-Making ~ A Business Optimization Simulation ~

OpenAIRE

Harrison, David Shelby