WorldWideScience

Sample records for cooperating organization sedo sociedad

  1. FISCALIDAD DE LAS SOCIEDADES COOPERATIVAS DE SEGUNDO GRADO./SECOND DEGREE COOPERATIVES FROM A TAX POINT OF VIEW

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Emilio NAVARRO HERAS

    2007-01-01

    Full Text Available Este artículo trata de mostrar la especial tributación de las sociedades cooperativas de segundo grado, como instrumento de integración tradicionalmente utilizado por las sociedades cooperativas para emprender procesos de concentración. Centraremos el estudio de su fiscalidad en el Impuesto sobre Sociedades por las particularidades tributarias que presenta el mismo en este tipo societario. Respecto a este impuesto las sociedades cooperativas de segundo grado pueden optar por tributar como simples sociedades cooperativas, acogiéndose a la Ley 20/1990, de 19 de diciembre, sobre Régimen Fiscal de Cooperativas, o hacerlo como grupo cooperativo, amparándose en el régimen especial de tributación consolidada establecido para este tipo social. Al igual que las sociedades de primer grado éstas disfrutan de una serie de beneficios fiscales tanto en la imposición directa como en la indirecta, como consecuencia de la naturaleza social de las mismas./In this paper we show the special tax system of the second degree cooperatives, as a mean of integration used by them for concentration processes. We focus on the income tax for its legal peculiarities for this kind of firms. In relation to this same tax, second degree cooperatives can choose between to pay their taxes as simple cooperatives (Law 20/1990, December 19th or as cooperative groups (Consolidation taxation. As first degree cooperatives, these ones have some tax profits in direct and indirect taxation due to their social nature.

  2. EL GOBIERNO EN LA SOCIEDAD COOPERATIVA COMO BASE DE LA COHESIÓN SOCIAL: EL CASO DE UNA SOCIEDAD COOPERATIVA AGRARIA / GOVERNANCE IN THE COOPERATIVE AS A BASE OF SOCIAL COHESION: THE CASE OF AN AGRARIAN COOPERATIVE

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Cristina PEDROSA ORTEGA

    2011-09-01

    Full Text Available Dadas las características del entorno actual, en el que se ha producido un aumento de la sensibilidad hacia los problemas éticos, se ha globalizado la economía y estamos asistiendo a un aumento de la competencia, se ha producido un cambio en la concepción convencional de la organización. Aunque las sociedades cooperativas se centren en satisfacer las necesidades y deseos de sus socios, también trabajan por conseguir el desarrollo sostenible de la comunidad en la que se implantan, según el último de los principios de su cultura cooperativa. Esto supone que la cohesión social con su entorno sea considerada como una de las bases de la ventaja competitiva de la fórmula cooperativa. Como respuesta a la complejidad de la situación actual y para asegurar la supervivencia de la empresa aparece la teoría de los grupos de interés. Dicha teoría trata de lograr un buen gobierno a través de la integración de los objetivos de dichos grupos de interés en la organización. Por ello, vamos a estudiar cómo esta teoría es válida para las organizaciones cooperativas en la búsqueda de su ventaja competitiva / In the current environment, in which has increased the sensitivity to ethical issues, the economy has been globalized and are witnessing the rise of competition, there has been a change in the conventional view of the organization. Although cooperatives are focused on meeting the needs and desires of their partners are also working to achieve sustainable development of the community in which they are implanted, as the last of the cooperative principles of their culture. This implies that social cohesion with their environment is considered as a base of competitive advantage of the cooperative. In response to the complexity of this situation and to ensure the survival of this type of enterprises, it is necessary the theory of the stakeholders. This theory seeks to achieve good governance through the integration of the objectives of those

  3. ITDB Cooperation With International Organizations

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    2010-01-01

    IAEA illicit trafficking database cooperates with many international organizations. Among these organizations are Interpol, Universal Postal Union,and World Customs Organization. Other organizations are Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe, UN Economic Commission for Europe, UN-Department of Disarmament Affairs and UN office for Drug and Crime. The cooperation with Interpol involves consultations on issues of training and technical assistance and other matters of common interest.

  4. 7 CFR 1220.107 - Cooperator organization.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 10 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Cooperator organization. 1220.107 Section 1220.107... CONSUMER INFORMATION Soybean Promotion and Research Order Definitions § 1220.107 Cooperator organization. The term Cooperator Organization means the American Soybean Association, or any successor organization...

  5. LA RESPONSABILIDAD SOCIAL CORPORATIVA Y SU PARALELISMO CON LAS SOCIEDADES COOPERATIVAS / CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY AND ITS PARALLELISM WITH THE COOPERATIVES SOCIETIES

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    RAQUEL PUENTES POYATOS

    2010-09-01

    Full Text Available El concepto de responsabilidad social corporativa no es nuevo. Es un enfoque que, según la literatura científica, está muy presente en las sociedades cooperativas y es fuente de singularidades de éstas. En este sentido la Comisión Europea (2002 indicó que “Las cooperativas tienen una larga tradición en combinar viabilidad económica y responsabilidad social gracias al diálogo entre las partes interesadas y a la gestión participativa, y pueden servir de referencia a otras organizaciones”. Este trabajo tiene como objetivo poner de manifiesto que la responsabilidad social corporativa está entroncada en los valores y principios cooperativos y que, por tanto, constituye una ideología innata al cooperativismo. En consecuencia podemos decir que las sociedades cooperativas se sitúan como las máximas exponentes de la RSC. /Corporate social responsibility is not a new concept. According to the scientific literature it is a very present concept in cooperatives societies and it is a source of singularities of these ones. In this context the European Commission (2002 reported that “Cooperatives have a long tradition in combining economic viability and social responsibility through dialogue between stakeholders and participatory management, so they can serve as reference for other organizations”. This work aims to show that corporate social responsibility is rooted in the cooperative values and principles and, therefore, constitutes an inherent ideology of cooperatives. Therefore we can say that cooperatives are positioned as the greatest exponents of CSR

  6. CONSIDERACIONES SOBRE LA NATURALEZA DEL CAPITAL SOCIAL EN LAS SOCIEDADES COOPERATIVAS DE TRABAJO ASOCIADO/REMARKS ABOUT THE NATURE OF SHAREHOLDERS EQUITY IN THE ASSOCIATED LABOUR COOPERATIVES

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Javier ITURRIOZ DEL CAMPO

    2007-01-01

    Full Text Available Las Normas Internacionales de Contabilidad (NIC, actualmente denominadas Normas Internacionales de Información Financiera (NIIF, han clasificado al capital social de la sociedad cooperativa como recurso ajeno, al tratarse de un pasivo exigible por estar sujeto a “cancelación o devolución”, cuando el socio decida causar baja de la misma. Esto ha reabierto el debate en el mundo cooperativo entre los defensores y los opositores a dicha clasificación. El principal argumento en contra de esta consideración es que, se considera que se puede poner en peligro la subsistencia y viabilidad económica de la sociedad al presentar una imagen ante terceros que no ofrece garantías suficientes. No obstante, la CINIIF 2 deja una puerta abierta para considerar la totalidad del capital social, o una parte del mismo, como recurso propio siempre que la cooperativa posea el derecho incondicional o parcial a rechazar el rescate de las aportaciones realizadas por los socios. En este estudio se realiza un análisis del capital social en las sociedades cooperativas de trabajo asociado teniendo en cuenta las implicaciones de considerar al capita social como un recurso ajeno o como un recurso propio. En este último caso, tendría lugar una aproximación aún mayor entre la figura de la sociedad cooperativa de trabajo asociado y la sociedad laboral. /The International Accounting Standards (IAS, nowadays International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS, have classified the shareholders’ equity of the cooperatives as a liability, for being subject to " cancellation or return ", when the partner decides to resign from the cooperative. This has reopened the debate in the cooperative world among the defenders and the opponents for the above mentioned consideration. The principal argument in opposition to this consideration is that it is possible to put in danger the subsistence and economic viability of the society, because its image does not offer enough

  7. LA REAFIRMACIÓN DE LAS APORTACIONES DE (PROPIEDAD DE LOS SOCIOS DE LAS SOCIEDADES COOPERATIVAS. PROPUESTA DE REGULACIÓN DE LAS SOCIEDADES DE RESPONSABILIDAD LIMITADA COOPERATIVA /THE REAFFIRMATION OF THE CONTRIBUTIONS OF (PROPERTY OF COOPERATIVE SOCIETIES ASSOCIATES. PROPOSAL OF REGULATION FOR SOCIETIES OF LIMITED COOPERATIVE RESPONSIBILITY

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Carlos GARCÍA-GUTIÉRREZ FERNÁNDEZ

    2006-05-01

    Full Text Available Las denominadas Normas Internacionales (que sólo son europeas de Contabilidad han puesto de manifiesto un problema latente que no es sólo terminológico: reclaman la consideración de recurso ajeno de la rúbrica que recoge las aportaciones de los socios de las sociedades cooperativas, como no podía ser de otro modo al tratarse de empresas en las que la condición de socio no se adquiere por la aportación obligatoria (y, en su caso, voluntaria. La contabilidad pretende, entre otras cosas, ofrecer una imagen fiel de la situación patrimonial y económico-financiera de la empresa. El principio de puerta abierta, establecido por la única organización ¡mundial! que establece lo que es una sociedad cooperativa, conlleva el reembolso de esas aportaciones cuando el socio deja de serlo; lo que configura al impropiamente denominado capital social (debería ser capital aportado por los socios como una deuda, no convencional, pero deuda. Pero el crédito, la confianza del mercado financiera, se basa más en lo que prometen los empresarios que en una relación contable del pasivo (y mucho menos si es engañosa. No se pueden tergiversar las cosas para atender a los derechos de los acreedores de la sociedad (que son sagrados. Éstos ya saben “con quienes se juegan los cuartos”; y, si no lo saben, es su problema. No se puede cargar las tintas sobre los socios actuales a favor de los futuros; y menos aún a favor de los directivos presentes. La sociedad cooperativa es una asociación de empresarios en democracia, cada uno de los cuales… responde de su aportación, si llega el caso; pero no antes, “por si acaso”. Porque esto es antifinanciero, antieconómico y anticooperativo./The denominated International Norms (that are only European of Accounting they have shown a latent problem that is not only terminological: they claim the resource consideration unaware of the heading that picks up the contributions of the partners of the cooperative

  8. Researches on Agricultural Cooperative Economic Organization Promoting Agricultural Insurance Development

    Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

    2011-01-01

    The advantages of cooperative economic organization being the effective carrier of agricultural insurance development are analyzed. Firstly, cooperative economic organization promotes scale management and solves the problem of decentralized operation of small households. Secondly, cooperative economic organization can settle the problem of peasants’ low systematization. Thirdly, cooperative economic organization can largely reduce the costs of agricultural insurance operation. Fourthly, cooperative organization decreases moral risks as well as adverse selection to some extent. Lastly, cooperative organization, to a certain degree, reduces the risks of agricultural production and increases the insurability of agricultural risks. Meanwhile, limitations of agricultural cooperative economic organization being the carrier of agricultural insurance operation are pointed out. Firstly, cooperative economic organization has limited coverage and small size of organization, which is harmful to the diversification of agricultural risks. Secondly, cooperative economic organization lacks capital funds and its development is not standard, which is not perfect for the function exertion as a carrier. Lastly, members of professional cooperative organization have low cultural qualities, which restrict the implementation of agricultural insurance. The modes of farmers’ cooperative economic organization promoting agricultural insurance development are proposed, including mode of agricultural insurance cooperative ( mutual corporation), mode of "leading enterprises (companies) + professional cooperative organization (planting majors) + insurance" and mode of professional cooperatives serving as agricultural insurance agent. Last of all, the promoting role of agricultural insurance in agricultural cooperative economic organization is briefly illustrated.

  9. Theory of Regression Apple Professional Cooperation Organization Research

    OpenAIRE

    Ouyang Bin

    2013-01-01

    In view of the enterprise ecological apple manor a variety of problems of existence, put forward to the enterprise management transformation, achieve enterprise, collective, individual integrated operation management and the use of regression mathematical model on apple professional cooperation organization analysis. Through the example, Apple professional economic cooperation organization innovation model of the input output ratio than the rural economic cooperation organization is much high...

  10. Cooperation and Conflict: a Law and Economics Analysis of Meta-Organizations

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    M. Kerk (Maximilian)

    2017-01-01

    markdownabstractOver the second part of the twentieth century inter-firm cooperations have become an increasingly popular phenomenon. These inter-firm cooperations often play out in the form of meta-organizations, which are organizations that are composed of the cooperating organizations. This

  11. Fragility and cooperativity concepts in hydrogen-bonded organic glasses

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Delpouve, N.; Vuillequez, A.; Saiter, A.; Youssef, B.; Saiter, J.M.

    2012-01-01

    Molecular dynamics at the glass transition of three lactose/oil glassy systems have been investigated according to the cooperativity and fragility approaches. From Donth's approach, the cooperativity length is estimated by modulated temperature calorimetric measurements. Results reveal that modification of the disaccharide by oil leads to increase the disorder degree in the lactose, the size of the cooperative domains and the fragility index. These particular hydrogen-bonded organic glasses follow the general tendency observed on organic and inorganic polymers: the higher the cooperativity length, the higher the value of the fragility index at T g .

  12. 11 CFR 114.7 - Membership organizations, cooperatives, or corporations without capital stock.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-01-01

    ... organizational structure. (j) A membership organization, including a trade association, cooperative, or... 11 Federal Elections 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Membership organizations, cooperatives, or... CORPORATE AND LABOR ORGANIZATION ACTIVITY § 114.7 Membership organizations, cooperatives, or corporations...

  13. Fragility and cooperativity concepts in hydrogen-bonded organic glasses

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Delpouve, N., E-mail: delpouve.nicolas@gmail.com [AMME-LECAP EA 4528 International Laboratory, University of Rouen, Avenue de l' Universite BP 12, 76801 Saint Etienne du Rouvray (France); Vuillequez, A.; Saiter, A.; Youssef, B.; Saiter, J.M. [AMME-LECAP EA 4528 International Laboratory, University of Rouen, Avenue de l' Universite BP 12, 76801 Saint Etienne du Rouvray (France)

    2012-09-01

    Molecular dynamics at the glass transition of three lactose/oil glassy systems have been investigated according to the cooperativity and fragility approaches. From Donth's approach, the cooperativity length is estimated by modulated temperature calorimetric measurements. Results reveal that modification of the disaccharide by oil leads to increase the disorder degree in the lactose, the size of the cooperative domains and the fragility index. These particular hydrogen-bonded organic glasses follow the general tendency observed on organic and inorganic polymers: the higher the cooperativity length, the higher the value of the fragility index at T{sub g}.

  14. Development Internal Problems of Shanghay Cooperation Organization

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Oksana Y. Kolegova

    2015-01-01

    Full Text Available The article analyzes the main internal problems of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization. Particular attention is paid to the conflict of interests of the participating countries, as well as identifying obstacles to strengthen the organization and increase its influence in the international arena. The international organizations are created by the states to meet mutual problems in the course of interstate relations requiring regular cooperation mechanism. Given the background of the Organization, it is important to emphasize that the main reason for the establishment of the Shanghai organization was the need for the united front against the strengthening of the region at the turn of centuries against dangerous trends of terrorism, extremism, separatism, the growth of organized crime. Despite the conflict of interests and the internal and external development challenges thirteen-year history of evolution of the SCO, to some extent proves its effectiveness, moreover, there are the preconditions for its consistent transition to a more comprehensive organization.

  15. 26 CFR 1.501(e)-1 - Cooperative hospital service organizations.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-04-01

    ... operates laundry services for its patron-hospitals. This cooperative organization does not meet the requirements of this paragraph because it performs laundry services not specified in this paragraph. (d) Patron... 26 Internal Revenue 7 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 true Cooperative hospital service organizations. 1.501...

  16. Japan's prospects in the Shanghai cooperation organization

    OpenAIRE

    Nurgaliev, Marat

    2009-01-01

    At the present stage, the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) is arousing great interest in the international community. The leading actors in international relations, such as the U.S., Japan, and the European countries, are keeping a careful watch over the organization's development. The interest of these countries is mainly related to the lack of information about the SCO's actual activity and the organization's real essence. The leaders of the SCO member states constantly assure everyo...

  17. DIFERENTES CONSIDERACIONES EN TORNO AL CAPITAL SOCIAL DE LAS SOCIEDADES COOPERATIVAS/DIFFERENT CONSIDERATIONS ABAUT SOCIAL CAPITAL IN CO-OPERATIVE SOCIETIES

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Josefina FERNÁNDEZ GUADAÑO

    2006-01-01

    Full Text Available En este trabajo se analizan las distintas consideraciones en torno a la clasificación del Capital Social de la sociedad cooperativa, puesto que, hay posturas encontradas en cuanto a su calificación. En concreto, se estudian el criterio jurídico en el ámbito europeo, nacional y autonómico; el criterio contable nacional e internacional; y el criterio económico-financiero. Todo ello en orden a tratar de superar las discrepancias y plantear el reembolso parcial de las aportaciones de los socios a Capital Social como una alternativa que trata de garantizar el carácter de Patrimonio Neto de la parte no exigible de esas aportaciones sociales con el cumplimiento parcial del principio cooperativo de puertas abiertas de salida./There has been on-going debate concerning the classification of the Social Capitalof cooperative societies. This paper analyzes the different views on important areas of such classification. Particularly, it reviews the juridical approach in the European, national and autonomous environments; the national and international accounting methods; and the economic-financial approach The goal is to overcome the existing discrepancies and to propose the partial refund of the partners' contributions to Social Capital as a solution that attempts to guarantee the Net Patrimony" nature of the non-mandatory portion of those social contributions, along with partially following the "open exit doors" cooperative principle.

  18. LA SOCIEDAD COOPERATIVA: MOTIVACIÓN Y COORDINACIÓN. UN ANÁLISIS DESDE LAS TEORÍAS ECONÓMICAS DE LA EMPRESA Y LA ECONOMÍA SOCIAL. / THE COOPERATIVE FIRM: MOTIVATION AND COORDINATION. AN ANALYSIS FROM THE ECONOMIC THEORY OF THE FIRM AND THE SOCIAL ECONOMY

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Carmen MARCUELLO SERVÓS

    2013-01-01

    Full Text Available Este trabajo analiza el contexto de motivación y coordinación en la sociedad cooperativa, desde las teorías económicas de la empresa, utilizando como marco de referencia los Principios Cooperativos planteados por la Alianza Cooperativa Internacional y los aspectos mas relevantes planteados por la literatura relacionada al tema. Para esto se desarrolla un modelo de análisis compuesto de cuatro dimensiones asociadas a: gobierno organizacional, pertenencia a la organización, obtención y utilización de recursos y relaciones internas y con el entorno, las ventajas e inconvenientes identificados dentro del contexto de motivación y coordinación de la sociedad cooperativa. Se concluye que las cooperativas constituyen un modelo organizacional que ubica a las personas en el centro del análisis de la actividad económica y que sus desventajas surgen a partir de criterios de evaluación que no siempre se ajustan a la naturaleza de estas organizaciones, haciendo necesario ampliar el criterio de análisis de organizaciones con características diferentes a la empresa convencional. / This paper analyzes both the motivation and the coordination context in the cooperative firm, from the economic theory of the firm and the theory related to social economy, using two framework: 1 the cooperative principles raised by the International Cooperative Alliance (ICA, 2005 and 2 the most relevant aspects proposed by the economic literature related to the subject. From this emerges an analysis model composed by four dimensions related to: Organizational Governance, Organizational Membership, Obtainment and Utilization of Resources and Internal and environmental relationship, the advantages and disadvantages identified on the cooperative firm coordination and motivation context. We conclude that the cooperative firm is an organizational model that locates the persons in the middle of the economic activity. Likewise, its disadvantages emerge from the consideration

  19. Co-operation and Self-Organization

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Christian Fuchs

    2008-07-01

    structures. This today culminates in global problems such as the ecological crisis, high risk technologies, poverty, unemployment, wars, armed conflicts, terrorism, etc. In order to solve these problems our social systems need re-design in terms of ecological sustainability, alliance technology, participatory economy, participatory democracy, and participatory culture. Participation is an integrated notion that is based on co-operation, selfdetermination, and inclusion in multiple dimensions. A system can be considered as participatory if power in the system is distributed in such a way that all members and concerned individuals can own the system co-operatively and can produce, decide and live in the system co-operatively. Participation is frequently understood in the very narrow sense of concerned people taking somehow part in decision processes. Such an understanding is limited to the political dimension and says nothing about the scope and dimension of participation. There are several dimensions of participation in a social system or in society: producing, owning, consuming (economic dimension, deciding, goal-setting, evaluating (political dimension, forming knowledge/norms/values/images/visions, communicating, networking, self-realizing (cultural dimension. Participation in each of these ten dimensions can be low, medium or high/full. The participation matrix describes the degree of participation in an organization/society with the help of the three dimensions of economy, politics and culture and an analysis of the scope of participation (economic, political, cultural.

  20. The necessity of strengthening the cooperation between tissue banks and organ transplant organizations at national, regional, and international levels.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Morales Pedraza, Jorge

    2013-12-01

    The donation of tissues and organs increases significantly when tissue banks and organ transplant organizations work together in the procurement of organs and tissues at donor sources (hospitals, coroners system, organ procurement agencies, and funeral homes, among others). To achieve this important goal, national competent health authorities should considered the establishment of a mechanism that promote the widest possible cooperation between tissue banks and organ transplant organizations with hospitals, research medical institutions, universities, and other medical institutions and facilities. One of the issues that can facilitate this cooperation is the establishment of a coding and traceability system that could identify all tissues and organs used in transplant activities carried out in any country. The promotion of national, regional, and international cooperation between tissue banks and organ transplant organizations would enable the sharing of relevant information that could be important for medical practice and scientific studies carried out by many countries, particularly for those countries with a weak health care system.

  1. Is cooperation viable in mobile organisms? Simple Walk Away rule favors the evolution of cooperation in groups

    Science.gov (United States)

    Aktipis, C. Athena

    2011-01-01

    The evolution of cooperation through partner choice mechanisms is often thought to involve relatively complex cognitive abilities. Using agent-based simulations I model a simple partner choice rule, the ‘Walk Away’ rule, where individuals stay in groups that provide higher returns (by virtue of having more cooperators), and ‘Walk Away’ from groups providing low returns. Implementing this conditional movement rule in a public goods game leads to a number of interesting findings: 1) cooperators have a selective advantage when thresholds are high, corresponding to low tolerance for defectors, 2) high thresholds lead to high initial rates of movement and low final rates of movement (after selection), and 3) as cooperation is selected, the population undergoes a spatial transition from high migration (and a many small and ephemeral groups) to low migration (and large and stable groups). These results suggest that the very simple ‘Walk Away’ rule of leaving uncooperative groups can favor the evolution of cooperation, and that cooperation can evolve in populations in which individuals are able to move in response to local social conditions. A diverse array of organisms are able to leave degraded physical or social environments. The ubiquitous nature of conditional movement suggests that ‘Walk Away’ dynamics may play an important role in the evolution of social behavior in both cognitively complex and cognitively simple organisms. PMID:21666771

  2. Cooperative catalysis by silica-supported organic functional groups

    OpenAIRE

    Margelefsky, Eric L.; Zeidan, Ryan K.; Davis, Mark E.

    2008-01-01

    Hybrid inorganic–organic materials comprising organic functional groups tethered from silica surfaces are versatile, heterogeneous catalysts. Recent advances have led to the preparation of silica materials containing multiple, different functional groups that can show cooperative catalysis; that is, these functional groups can act together to provide catalytic activity and selectivity superior to what can be obtained from either monofunctional materials or homogeneous catalysts. This tutorial...

  3. Systematic organization of interstate humanitarian cooperation

    OpenAIRE

    Vladimir Korolev; Nikolay Loktev; Irina Slastikhina

    2014-01-01

    International humanitarian cooperation is one of the ways for Russia to propagate its interests abroad and maintain its image of a modern democratic state in front of the world community. The article discloses the multichannel implementation of Russias soft power potential, shows the necessity of a systemic organization of international humanitarian links, proposes the grouping of the implementation mechanisms of Russias potential soft powerinto program and extracurricular blocs.The object of...

  4. The Self-Organized Archive: SPASE, PDS and Archive Cooperatives

    Science.gov (United States)

    King, T. A.; Hughes, J. S.; Roberts, D. A.; Walker, R. J.; Joy, S. P.

    2005-05-01

    Information systems with high quality metadata enable uses and services which often go beyond the original purpose. There are two types of metadata: annotations which are items that comment on or describe the content of a resource and identification attributes which describe the external properties of the resource itself. For example, annotations may indicate which columns are present in a table of data, whereas an identification attribute would indicate source of the table, such as the observatory, instrument, organization, and data type. When the identification attributes are collected and used as the basis of a search engine, a user can constrain on an attribute, the archive can then self-organize around the constraint, presenting the user with a particular view of the archive. In an archive cooperative where each participating data system or archive may have its own metadata standards, providing a multi-system search engine requires that individual archive metadata be mapped to a broad based standard. To explore how cooperative archives can form a larger self-organized archive we will show how the Space Physics Archive Search and Extract (SPASE) data model will allow different systems to create a cooperative and will use Planetary Data System (PDS) plus existing space physics activities as a demonstration.

  5. DERECHOS HUMANOS, SOCIEDAD DE LA INFORMACIÓN Y SOCIEDAD DE RIESGO DIREITOS HUMANOS, SOCIEDADE DA INFORMAÇÃO E SOCIEDADE DE RISCO HUMAN RIGHTS, INFORMATION SOCIETY AND RISK SOCIETY

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    María Lucrecia Rovaletti

    Full Text Available La irrupción de la informática obliga a replantear el derecho a la intimidad, dada la organización de grandes bancos de datos de carácter personal. Debe añadirse además que la posibilidad del entrecruzamiento de la información contenida en los mismos puede facilitar el control y la manipulación de información sensible. Estas nuevas tecnologías de información y comunicación (TIC, en continuo desarrollo, se han expandido también a los distintos dominios de salud, incidiendo en todos los actores, tanto usuarios como profesionales, poderes públicos y organismos de seguridad social. Dada la particular estigmatización que conlleva el complejo VIH/SIDA, es preciso exigir severas restricciones en el acceso a estos bancos, pero también normativas internacionales acordes, para que con la "sociedad de la información" no se agudice aún más la "sociedad de riesgo".A irrupção da informática obriga a reconsiderar o direito à intimidade, dada a organização de grandes bancos de dados de caráter pessoal. Deve-se acrescentar, ademais, que a possibilidade do entrecruzamento da informação contida nestes bancos pode facilitar o controle e a manipulação de informação sensível. Estas novas tecnologias de informação e comunicação (TIC, em contínuo desenvolvimento, têm se expandido também aos diferentes domínios da saúde, incidindo em todos os atores, seja de usuários e profissionais, poderes públicos e organismos de segurança social. Dada a particular estigmatização que implica o complexo HIV/AIDS, é preciso exigir severas restrições no acesso a estes bancos, ademais de normativas internacionais acordes, para que a "sociedade da informação" não agudize ainda mais a "sociedade de risco".Online bursting obliges to rethink the right to privacy, given the organization of huge databases of personal character. Furthermore, it must be added that the possibility of intercrossing information content may facilitate the control

  6. La sociedad de la información. Tecnología, cultura, sociedad

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    EDUARDO BERICAT ALASTUEY

    1996-01-01

    Full Text Available En este artículo se precisa conceptualmente, desde la sociología, lo que puede entenderse por sociedad de la información. Con este objeto se avanzan algunas tesis sobre la naturaleza de los vectores tecnológico, cultural y relacional que subyacen al advenimiento de esta nueva sociedad. El paradigma tecnológico constituye el principio activo o motor de los cambios. Así, definimos la sociedad de la información como aquella sociedad que utilice tanto intensiva como extensivamente el paradigma de ordenadores en red, ahora bien, el vector tecnológico modifica radicalmente el vector cultural en sus dos componentes básicos, el cognitivo y el expresivo. Una nueva cultura del conocimiento y de la expresión esta surgiendo, cultura de la inteligencia artificial y de la realidad virtual. Todavía no podemos concebir cientificamente la naturaleza de la sociedad de la infocomunicación. Frente a la poco rigurosa imaginación de mundos o sociedades digitales, el autor propone el desarrollo de una teoría social de la infocomunicación, todavía hoy inexistente. Para tal empeño, tienen especial interés las obras elaboradas por dos teóricos sociales de excepción ; Niklas Luhmann y Jürgen Habermas. Información y comunicación, infocomunicación, en la trama y en la urdimbre de las futuras estructuras sociales.

  7. 78 FR 42084 - Cooperative Agreement to Support the World Trade Organization's Standards and Trade Development...

    Science.gov (United States)

    2013-07-15

    ...] Cooperative Agreement to Support the World Trade Organization's Standards and Trade Development Facility... The STDF is a unique global partnership established by the Food and Agriculture Organization, World... cooperative agreement in fiscal year 2013 (FY 2013) to the World Trade Organization's (WTO) Standards and...

  8. "Bases legales para la transformación de Sociedades Civiles en Sociedades Cooperativas" (Legal bases for the transformation of Civil Societies into Cooperative Societies

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Enrique Gadea Soler

    2013-01-01

    Full Text Available El Derecho interno vigente permite abiertamente la transformaciónde Sociedades Civiles con personalidad jurídica, Asociaciones y Fundaciones,en Cooperativas. Ello está además integrado en las propuestas del ParlamentoEuropeo en beneficio del empleo, la lucha contra la exclusión en la UEy el mantenimiento del bienestar social en la Unión.

  9. Derecho y Sociedad

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    ASOCIACION CIVIL DERECHO Y SOCIEDAD FACULTAD DE DERECHO

    2010-12-01

    Full Text Available Reseña de actividades desarrolladas por la Asociación Civil Derecho y Sociedad, a lo largo de su permanencia-dentro de la Facultad de Derecho de la Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú vinculadas a la sociedad en general, algunas ligadas al campo jurídico, mientras que otras tuvieron un sentido altruista.

  10. Functional Patterns in International Organizations for University Cooperation in Latin America and the Caribbean

    Science.gov (United States)

    Lopez, Daniel A.; Lopez, Daniel C.; Andrade, Lorenzo I.; Lopez, Boris A.

    2011-01-01

    This study analyzes the coverage, organizational patterns, problems and trends of international organizations for university cooperation in Latin America and the Caribbean. More than 30 international organizations for cooperation currently operating in Latin America and the Caribbean were identified. Two groups of institutions with more than 60%…

  11. 78 FR 49756 - Notification of a Cooperative Agreement Award to the World Health Organization

    Science.gov (United States)

    2013-08-15

    ...: Notification of a sole source Cooperative Agreement Award to the World Health Organization for a grant titled... World Health Organization (WHO) as soon as possible, and any confirmed smallpox case would generate an... DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES Notification of a Cooperative Agreement Award to the World...

  12. Sociedades fantasma y Derecho Internacional Privado

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Javier Carrascosa González

    2014-06-01

    Full Text Available Las conocidas como "sociedades fantasma" son una realidad en el escenario de la economía mundial del siglo XXI. Se trata de entes jurídicos constituidos en ciertos Estados, en los que poseen su sede social, pero en los que no realizan actividad económica o societaria alguna. El presente estudio analiza el régimen jurídico de estas sociedades fantasma en Derecho internacional privado europeo y español. Se aborda la cuestión de la determinación de la Ley reguladora de las sociedades fantasma, la reacción legal contra las pseudo-foreign corporations, la libertad de establecimiento de sociedades fantasma en la UE y la responsabilidad patrimonial de estas sociedades y de sus administradores, en especial, cuando se emplean testaferros. Por último, se presta una especial atención a régimen jurídico de la insolvencia internacional de la sociedad fantasma, lo que comporta el análisis del "centro de intereses principales" de la sociedad fantasma como deudor insolvente, así como del traslado internacional de la sede social de la sociedad fantasma

  13. Cooperative Networks: Altruism, Group Solidarity, Reciprocity, and Sanctioning in Ugandan Producer Organizations.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Baldassarri, Delia

    2015-09-01

    Repeated interaction and social networks are commonly considered viable solutions to collective action problems. This article identifies and systematically measures four general mechanisms--that is, generalized altruism, group solidarity, reciprocity, and the threat of sanctioning--and tests which of them brings about cooperation in the context of Ugandan producer organizations. Using an innovative methodological framework that combines "lab-in-the-field" experiments with survey interviews and complete social networks data, the article goes beyond the assessment of a relationship between social networks and collective outcomes to study the mechanisms that favor cooperative behavior. The article first establishes a positive relationship between position in the network structure and propensity to cooperate in the producer organization and then uses farmers' behavior in dictator and public goods games to test different mechanisms that may account for such a relationship. Results show that cooperation is induced by patterns of reciprocity that emerge through repeated interaction rather than other-regarding preferences like altruism or group solidarity.

  14. Case Writing Projects in Co-Operation with Companies and Organizations

    OpenAIRE

    Bengtsson, Lars; Asplund, Carl-Johan

    2008-01-01

    The purpose of this paper is to present the process and evaluation of case writing projects in co-operation with companies and organizations in a course for engineering students. The case writing projects could provide an illustration and example framework for working with companies in constructing cases. Normally cases are constructed for teaching purposes in higher education. However, in order to get closer co-operation and more interest from the companies the authors encouraged the student...

  15. Benefits and organization of cooperative research for fisheries management

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Johnson, T.R.; Densen, van W.L.T.

    2007-01-01

    Drawing on research in the northeastern USA and northwestern Europe, a description is given of how cooperative research is organized and a statement made of how involving fishers in research can contribute to better fisheries management. The focus is on improving stock assessments through the

  16. A business process model as a starting point for tight cooperation among organizations

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    O. Mysliveček

    2006-01-01

    Full Text Available Outsourcing and other kinds of tight cooperation among organizations are more and more necessary for success on all markets (markets of high technology products are particularly influenced. Thus it is important for companies to be able to effectively set up all kinds of cooperation. A business process model (BPM is a suitable starting point for this future cooperation. In this paper the process of setting up such cooperation is outlined, as well as why it is important for business success. 

  17. La sociedad participativa

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Juan Díaz Bordenave

    2015-01-01

    Full Text Available El autor presenta dos artículos que se complementan: El primero analiza los factores que hacen a una nueva sociedad participativa. Presenta a la situación actual como la expansión del consumo, la violencia política y social, la deuda externa, la aceleración del deterioro del medio ambiente rural y urbano. Planea el que la comunicación y la participación deben considerarse como partes orgánicas de un proceso: la histórica construcción colectiva de una sociedad participativa centrada en tres herramientas: la organización de la economía autogestionaria, el papel de la educación y las funciones de la comunicación.El segundo artículo intenta definir el perfil de un comunicador social al servicio de la sociedad, parte fundamental para lograr un mundo más justo.

  18. La inscripción de las sociedades profesionales en el Registro mercantil y en el de Sociedades profesionales

    OpenAIRE

    García Presas, Inmaculada

    2008-01-01

    La Ley 2/2007, de 15 de marzo, de Sociedades Profesionales considera, entre otras cuestiones, la inscripción de las Sociedades profesionales en el Registro mercantil y en el de las Sociedades profesionales. En este sentido se valora, entre otros contenidos de dicha Ley, su artículo 8, incidiéndose en el grado de exigencia de la inscripción de las Sociedades profesionales en el Registro Civil.

  19. A spin transition mechanism for cooperative adsorption in metal-organic frameworks

    Science.gov (United States)

    Reed, Douglas A.; Keitz, Benjamin K.; Oktawiec, Julia; Mason, Jarad A.; Runčevski, Tomče; Xiao, Dianne J.; Darago, Lucy E.; Crocellà, Valentina; Bordiga, Silvia; Long, Jeffrey R.

    2017-10-01

    Cooperative binding, whereby an initial binding event facilitates the uptake of additional substrate molecules, is common in biological systems such as haemoglobin. It was recently shown that porous solids that exhibit cooperative binding have substantial energetic benefits over traditional adsorbents, but few guidelines currently exist for the design of such materials. In principle, metal-organic frameworks that contain coordinatively unsaturated metal centres could act as both selective and cooperative adsorbents if guest binding at one site were to trigger an electronic transformation that subsequently altered the binding properties at neighbouring metal sites. Here we illustrate this concept through the selective adsorption of carbon monoxide (CO) in a series of metal-organic frameworks featuring coordinatively unsaturated iron(II) sites. Functioning via a mechanism by which neighbouring iron(II) sites undergo a spin-state transition above a threshold CO pressure, these materials exhibit large CO separation capacities with only small changes in temperature. The very low regeneration energies that result may enable more efficient Fischer-Tropsch conversions and extraction of CO from industrial waste feeds, which currently underutilize this versatile carbon synthon. The electronic basis for the cooperative adsorption demonstrated here could provide a general strategy for designing efficient and selective adsorbents suitable for various separations.

  20. A sociedade cibernética

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Euripedes Falcão Vieira

    Full Text Available O artigo analisa as mudanças ocorridas na sociedade na transposição de uma época, a modernidade industrial, à outra, a modernidade cibernética. São épocas marcadas por acontecimentos diferenciados no campo da tecnologia, do conhecimento e da informação. Nas duas últimas décadas, particularmente, a mudança em todos os segmentos da sociedade produziu transformações de escala no arcabouço cognitivo, alterando comportamentos e modos de ação e reação ante a nova realidade. Claramente, a nova realidade se impôs e avançou como sociedade cibernética, a sociedade do ciberespaço-tempo com suas narrativas, ainda curtas, dos eventos econômicos, sociais e culturais.

  1. Sociedad digital, sociedad dual

    OpenAIRE

    Gustavo Cimadevilla

    2009-01-01

    Lejos de las luchas obreras y campesinas contra el maquinismo, más cerca de las preocupaciones y debates interminables de los años ochenta del siglo xx, centrados en la revolución microelectrónica y la telemática; pero dentro de una sociedad que procura seducirse y seducirnos por el crecimiento de las tecnologías digitales y los dispositivos inteligentes, es oportuno repasar las caras y contracaras de lo que puede denominarse dualismo digital, un estado de realidad altamente cargado de noveda...

  2. Modeling cooperating micro-organisms in antibiotic environment.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Book, Gilad; Ingham, Colin; Ariel, Gil

    2017-01-01

    Recent experiments with the bacteria Paenibacillus vortex reveal a remarkable strategy enabling it to cope with antibiotics by cooperating with a different bacterium-Escherichia coli. While P. vortex is a highly effective swarmer, it is sensitive to the antibiotic ampicillin. On the other hand, E. coli can degrade ampicillin but is non-motile when grown on high agar percentages. The two bacterial species form a shared colony in which E. coli is transported by P. vortex and E. coli detoxifies the ampicillin. The paper presents a simplified model, consisting of coupled reaction-diffusion equations, describing the development of ring patterns in the shared colony. Our results demonstrate some of the possible cooperative movement strategies bacteria utilize in order to survive harsh conditions. In addition, we explore the behavior of mixed colonies under new conditions such as antibiotic gradients, synchronization between colonies and possible dynamics of a 3-species system including P. vortex, E. coli and a carbon producing algae that provides nutrients under illuminated, nutrient poor conditions. The derived model was able to simulate an asymmetric relationship between two or three micro-organisms where cooperation is required for survival. Computationally, in order to avoid numerical artifacts due to symmetries within the discretizing grid, the model was solved using a second order Vectorizable Random Lattices method, which is developed as a finite volume scheme on a random grid.

  3. Modeling cooperating micro-organisms in antibiotic environment.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Gilad Book

    Full Text Available Recent experiments with the bacteria Paenibacillus vortex reveal a remarkable strategy enabling it to cope with antibiotics by cooperating with a different bacterium-Escherichia coli. While P. vortex is a highly effective swarmer, it is sensitive to the antibiotic ampicillin. On the other hand, E. coli can degrade ampicillin but is non-motile when grown on high agar percentages. The two bacterial species form a shared colony in which E. coli is transported by P. vortex and E. coli detoxifies the ampicillin. The paper presents a simplified model, consisting of coupled reaction-diffusion equations, describing the development of ring patterns in the shared colony. Our results demonstrate some of the possible cooperative movement strategies bacteria utilize in order to survive harsh conditions. In addition, we explore the behavior of mixed colonies under new conditions such as antibiotic gradients, synchronization between colonies and possible dynamics of a 3-species system including P. vortex, E. coli and a carbon producing algae that provides nutrients under illuminated, nutrient poor conditions. The derived model was able to simulate an asymmetric relationship between two or three micro-organisms where cooperation is required for survival. Computationally, in order to avoid numerical artifacts due to symmetries within the discretizing grid, the model was solved using a second order Vectorizable Random Lattices method, which is developed as a finite volume scheme on a random grid.

  4. EPA's Role with the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD)

    Science.gov (United States)

    The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) brings together the governments of countries committed to democracy and the market economy from around the world to support sustainable economic growth.

  5. La cultura del horror en las sociedades avanzadas: de la sociedad centrípeta a la sociedad centrífuga.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    EDUARDO BERICAT ALASTUEY

    2005-01-01

    Full Text Available El presente artículo expone los principales resultados de una investigación realizada con el objeto de analizar el papel que cumplen las emociones colectivas en el mantenimiento del orden social. En concreto, trata de explicar el hecho de que las noticias más importantes que aparecen en los medios de comunicación sean noticias de horror, es decir, noticias en las que la muerte siempre aparece en el primer plano de la escena. Los informativos de los medios de comunicación expresan y fomentan la cultura del horror característica de nuestras sociedades avanzadas. Ahora bien, para entender esta cultura es preciso determinar previamente la naturaleza emocional del horror, así como establecer una definición sociológica de este sentimiento. El horror es una emoción compleja compuesta por sentimientos de terror, de asco y de conmoción. El horror, sociológicamente, puede entenderse como "la emoción mediante la que un orden social señala sus límites más extremos". El estudio concluye señalando que existen dos modos alternativos de mantener el orden y la cohesión en el seno de un sistema social. El primer modo de legitimación, característico de las sociedades centrípetas, funciona mediante la gran potencia atractiva que ejerce sobre el campo social un núcleo central de valores sociales positivos. El segundo, característico de las sociedades centrífugas, funciona mediante la gran potencia repulsiva que ejercen sobre el campo social las transgresiones flagrantes del orden moral. El modo típico en el que las sociedades centrífugas regulan el orden social explica la cultura del horror característica de nuestras sociedades avanzadas.

  6. Russia and the Shanghai Cooperation Organization: Some Elements of Strategy

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Mikhail Konarovsky

    2016-12-01

    Full Text Available The new geopolitical reality that resulted from the dissolution of the USSR created the conditions for the establishment of the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO in 2001. The successful settlement of border issues between Russia and Kazakhstan, Kirgizstan and Tajikistan as well as with China also facilitated the process. With Uzbekistan joining the “Shanghai Five,” a new regional organization emerged. The SCO’s priorities were in the security sphere and the fight against the proliferation of drugs, illegal migration and organized crime, given the requirements of the times and the specific regional situation (including that in Afghanistan. As one of the active founders, Russia has always taken a leading role in the SCO’s organizational, political and legal formation, including setting specific trends and forms of cooperation, taking common measures, and holding events. During its presidency in 2008–2009 and 2014–2015, Moscow made additional efforts to strengthen cooperation among the SCO members in meeting new regional security challenges and to agree on coordinated positions on the key issues on the international and regional agenda. To increase the SCO’s credibility and political significance, Moscow emphasized its expansion, particularly with regard to the Eurasian Economic Union and the Silk Road Economic Belt. With global political and economic development growing more complicated, in order to revitalize Russia’s role in the SCO it is necessary to strengthen cooperation with China. The strategic character of bilateral relations reaffirmed at the Russian-Chinese summit in the summer of 2016 set a solid foundation.

  7. LA REFORMA DEL DERECHO CONTABLE Y SU REPERCUSIÓN EN EL RÉGIMEN DE LOS RECURSOS PROPIOS DE LAS SOCIEDADES COOPERATIVAS /THE REFORM OF THE ACCOUNTING LAW AND HER REPERCUSSION IN THE REGIME OF THE OWN RESOURCES OF THE COOPERATIVE SOCIETIES

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Mª del Carmen PASTOR SEMPERE

    2006-09-01

    Full Text Available En la colaboración que a continuación se desarrolla se parte del papel central que el régimen económico desempeña en la sociedad cooperativa, para acto seguido efectuar su análisis individualizado a través de las NIC y su influencia./The following contribution focuses on the central role placed by economic regulatations in cooperatives, analysing by NIC and its presence and influence.

  8. LA PERCEPCIÓN SOBRE LA RESPONSABILIDAD SOCIAL EN LAS SOCIEDADES COOPERATIVAS DE TRABAJO ASOCIADO Y LAS SOCIEDADES LABORALES: UN ANÁLISIS EN EL ÁMBITO DE LA CIUDAD DE MADRID / THE PERCEPTION OF SOCIAL RESPONSABILITY IN WORKERS COOPERATIVES AND LABOUR MANAGED FIRMS IN THE CITY OF MADRID.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    JUAN CARLOS GARCÍA VILLALOBOS

    2011-01-01

    Full Text Available Esta investigación analiza la percepción de las empresas de participación o de economía social de la ciudad de Madrid, en concreto de las sociedades cooperativas de trabajo asociado y de sociedades laborales, sean anónimas o limitadas, sobre diferentes aspectos relativos a la denominada Responsabilidad Social Corporativa. El trabajo realizado se basa en la obtención de las valoraciones de los responsables de las sociedades objeto de estudio, a través de un cuestionario dirigido a una muestra de estas empresas, el cual ha sido complementado con reuniones de trabajo y entrevistas personales. En el mismo se ha podido constatar que existe cierta preocupación y concienciación sobre la responsabilidad de las empresas con la sociedad y su entorno, sobre todo por parte de los socios trabajadores de estas empresas. Por otro lado, también se ha detectado que es necesario fomentar la asunción de los criterios socialmente responsables por parte de las empresas, potenciar el desarrollo de memorias de sostenibilidad y una mayor implicación de todos los colectivos vinculados con las empresas no sólo los socios trabajadores sino también los socios que sólo aportan capital, los trabajadores no socios, las administraciones y los proveedores, entre otros; puesto que aún existe cierta distancia en comparación con las actuaciones que llevan a cabo empresas de mayor dimensión. / This research analyzes the perception of social economic firms - specifically workers cooperatives and labour managed firms located in Madrid - regarding their action in activities of social responsibility. The main information used for this article has been obtained from managerial appraisals by evaluating questionnaires sent to a select number of managers of these companies. At the same time, work meetings and personal interviews were held. The research has concluded a rising concern about society and the environment. Furthermore, the survey indicates the necessity of

  9. Cooperation-Controlled Learning for Explicit Class Structure in Self-Organizing Maps

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kamimura, Ryotaro

    2014-01-01

    We attempt to demonstrate the effectiveness of multiple points of view toward neural networks. By restricting ourselves to two points of view of a neuron, we propose a new type of information-theoretic method called “cooperation-controlled learning.” In this method, individual and collective neurons are distinguished from one another, and we suppose that the characteristics of individual and collective neurons are different. To implement individual and collective neurons, we prepare two networks, namely, cooperative and uncooperative networks. The roles of these networks and the roles of individual and collective neurons are controlled by the cooperation parameter. As the parameter is increased, the role of cooperative networks becomes more important in learning, and the characteristics of collective neurons become more dominant. On the other hand, when the parameter is small, individual neurons play a more important role. We applied the method to the automobile and housing data from the machine learning database and examined whether explicit class boundaries could be obtained. Experimental results showed that cooperation-controlled learning, in particular taking into account information on input units, could be used to produce clearer class structure than conventional self-organizing maps. PMID:25309950

  10. Cooperation-Controlled Learning for Explicit Class Structure in Self-Organizing Maps

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ryotaro Kamimura

    2014-01-01

    Full Text Available We attempt to demonstrate the effectiveness of multiple points of view toward neural networks. By restricting ourselves to two points of view of a neuron, we propose a new type of information-theoretic method called “cooperation-controlled learning.” In this method, individual and collective neurons are distinguished from one another, and we suppose that the characteristics of individual and collective neurons are different. To implement individual and collective neurons, we prepare two networks, namely, cooperative and uncooperative networks. The roles of these networks and the roles of individual and collective neurons are controlled by the cooperation parameter. As the parameter is increased, the role of cooperative networks becomes more important in learning, and the characteristics of collective neurons become more dominant. On the other hand, when the parameter is small, individual neurons play a more important role. We applied the method to the automobile and housing data from the machine learning database and examined whether explicit class boundaries could be obtained. Experimental results showed that cooperation-controlled learning, in particular taking into account information on input units, could be used to produce clearer class structure than conventional self-organizing maps.

  11. International co-operation

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    1998-01-01

    In this part the are reviewed: Co-operation with IAEA; Participation of the Slovakia on the 41 st session of the General Conference; The comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organization; Co-operation with the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development; co-operation with the European Commission; Fulfillment of obligations resulting from the international contracting documents

  12. BIOETICA Y ORGANIZACION FUNCIONAL DE LA SOCIEDAD BIOÉTICA E ORGANIZAÇÃO FUNCIONAL DA SOCIEDADE BIOETHICS AND SOCIETY’S FUNCTIONAL ORGANIZATION

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Pedro Morandé Court

    2002-01-01

    Full Text Available El intercambio interdisciplinario de la bioética, difícil y laborioso, es el objeto de este articulo. Reflexiona, en particular, sobre dos temáticas. En primer lugar, respecto de la eventual novedad y creatividad de la bioética desde el punto de vista del pensamiento. Esta reflexión se desarrolla esencialmente en el ámbito de la filosofía, a través de una pregunta que orienta el análisis: ¿qué agrega la bioética al tradicional debate ético que se ha producido en el seno de todas las culturas? En segundo lugar, por medio de un enfoque de tipo sociológico, sobre el espacio que ocupa la bioética en una sociedad multifuncional. En esta perspectiva, este texto se interroga sobre la posibilidad de desarrollar un concepto de bioética que abarque el conjunto de la sociedad, es decir, que genere la misma legitimidad y estima en todos los sectores funcionalmente diferenciadosO intercambio interdisciplinar da Bioética, difícil e laborioso, é o objeto desse artigo. Em particular, faz reflexão sobre duas temáticas. Em primeiro lugar, aborda a eventual novidade e criatividade da Bioética sob o ponto de vista do pensamento. Esta reflexão desenvolve-se essencialmente no âmbito da filosofia, através de uma questão: o que acrescenta a Bioética ao tradicional debate ético que tem ocorrido no seio de todas as culturas? Em segundo lugar, busca-se identificar o enfoque sociológico considerando o espaço que ocupa a Bioética numa sociedade multifuncional. Nesta perspectiva, este artigo propõe questionar a possibilidade de desenvolver um conceito de Bioética que alcance o conjunto de toda a sociedade, ou seja, que gere a mesma legitimidade e estima em todos os setores funcionalmente diferenciadosBioethics’ interdisciplinary interchange, difficult and arduous, is this article’s aim. First of all in relation to bioethics’ fortuitous novelty and creativity from the mind’s point of view. Essentially this reflection develops within

  13. O direito dos povos: uma proposta de sociedade bem ordenada

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jéssica de Farias Mesquita

    2017-02-01

    Full Text Available O presente texto tem como objetivo examinar a visão de John Rawls acerca das sociedades bem ordenadas na obra O Direito dos Povos, bem como o significado destas para o desenvolvimento da proposta de sociedade democrática liberal. Rawls, na primeira parte da obra, que trata sobre a teoria ideal, refere-se à ideia geral de contrato social nas Sociedades dos Povos democráticos liberais. O autor prossegue com a mesma ideia, na segunda parte da obra quando trata da teoria não-ideal, referindo-se aos povos decentes. Uma sociedade dos povos decentes, segundo Rawls, é uma sociedade cujas características são aceitáveis como membro de uma Sociedade dos Povos razoável, embora não seja uma sociedade democrática liberal. Ambas as sociedades, seja ela democrática liberal ou decente, fazem parte de uma sociedade bem ordenada por obedecerem aos critérios estabelecidos pela Sociedade dos Povos. Para a garantia de uma sociedade bem ordenada, Rawls expõe uma série de condições para que esse tipo de sociedade seja possível, uma dessas condições é o modo como essas sociedades se encontram reguladas.

  14. Rotator side chains trigger cooperative transition for shape and function memory effect in organic semiconductors.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Chung, Hyunjoong; Dudenko, Dmytro; Zhang, Fengjiao; D'Avino, Gabriele; Ruzié, Christian; Richard, Audrey; Schweicher, Guillaume; Cornil, Jérôme; Beljonne, David; Geerts, Yves; Diao, Ying

    2018-01-18

    Martensitic transition is a solid-state phase transition involving cooperative movement of atoms, mostly studied in metallurgy. The main characteristics are low transition barrier, ultrafast kinetics, and structural reversibility. They are rarely observed in molecular crystals, and hence the origin and mechanism are largely unexplored. Here we report the discovery of martensitic transition in single crystals of two different organic semiconductors. In situ microscopy, single-crystal X-ray diffraction, Raman and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and molecular simulations combined indicate that the rotating bulky side chains trigger cooperative transition. Cooperativity enables shape memory effect in single crystals and function memory effect in thin film transistors. We establish a molecular design rule to trigger martensitic transition in organic semiconductors, showing promise for designing next-generation smart multifunctional materials.

  15. Tradición, modernidad y sociedad civil en la costa de Yucatán Tradición, modernidad y sociedad civil en la costa de Yucatán

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Citlalli Cantú Gutiérrez

    2012-02-01

    Full Text Available It describes the organizational processes of civil society on the coast of Yucatan. His players built their associations, came into conflict and collapsed their organizational structures. Weanalyze the causes of the recent past and shaping processes of associative structures of civil society. In the cases presented showed that the erosion of the ancestral forms of organization and influence of the individual patterns represent endogenous and exogenous historical causes that increase the entropy of the organizational processes of local civil society. Wediscuss the peaceful non-profit and organizational behavior defined by law, act limiting the right of rebellion and restoring the power. Yes organized civil society bows to government funding processes, becomes bureaucratized and mimics mechanisms, corruption can occurprocesses that collapses.Se describen procesos de organización de la sociedad civil en la costa de Yucatán, donde sus actores construyeron asociaciones civiles, entraron en conflicto y colapsaron sus estructuras organizativas. Se analizan las causas últimas y recientes de los procesos de conformación de estructuras asociativas de la sociedad civil. En los casos presentados se observó que la erosión de las formas ancestrales de organización y la influencia de los patrones individualistas representan causas históricas endógenas y exógenas que incrementan la entropía de los procesos de organización de la sociedad civil local. Se discute el carácter no lucrativo y pacífico del comportamiento organizacional definido en la ley; acto que limita el derecho a la rebelión y la recuperación del poder. Sí la sociedad civil organizada se pliega a los procesos gubernamentales de financiamiento, se burocratiza e imita mecanismos, pueden presentarse procesos de corrupción que la colapsa.

  16. Architecture for self-organizing, co-operative and robust building automation systems

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Bernier, F.; Ploennigs, J.; Pesch, D.; Lesecq, S.; Basten, T.; Boubekeur, M.; Denteneer, T.J.J.; Oltmanns, F.; Lehmann, M.; Mai, Linh Tuan; Mc Gibney, A.; Rea, S.; Pacull, F.; Guyon-Gardeux, C.; Ducreux, L.F.; Thior, S.; Hendriks, M.; Verriet, J.H.; Fedor, S.

    2013-01-01

    This paper provides an overview of the architecture for self-organizing, co-operative and robust Building Automation Systems (BAS) proposed by the EC funded FP7 SCUBA1 project. We describe the current situation in monitoring and control systems and outline the typical stakeholders involved in the

  17. Architecture for self-organizing, co-operative and robust Building Automation Systems

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Bernier, F.; Ploennigs, J.; Pesch, D.; Lesecq, S.; Basten, T.; Boubekeur, M.; Denteneer, D.; Oltmanns, F.; Bonnard, F.; Lehmann, M.; Mai, T.L.; McGibney, A.; Rea, S.; Pacull, F.; Guyon-Gardeux, C.; Ducreux, L.F.; Thior, S.; Hendriks, M.; Verriet, J.; Fedor, S.

    2013-01-01

    This paper provides an overview of the architecture for self-organizing, co-operative and robust Building Automation Systems (BAS) proposed by the EC funded FP7 SCUBA1 project. We describe the current situation in monitoring and control systems and outline the typical stakeholders involved in the

  18. The Texts of the Agency's Co-operation Agreements with Regional Intergovernmental Organizations

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    1969-01-01

    The text of the Agency's agreement for co-operation with the Organization of African Unity (OAU) is reproduced in this document for the information of all Members. The agreement entered into force on 26 March 1969

  19. Choosing the cooperative option

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    English, G. (National Rural Electric Cooperative Association (United States))

    1999-06-01

    Cooperatives do not ask to be exempted from the law. They do ask that laws and regulations be designed to allow them to meet the needs of their consumer-owners in accordance with cooperative principles, at a time that the marginal consumers being abandoned by for-profit utilities may be ready to gravitate toward cooperatives. The cooperative principles are worth reviewing because they explain the focus on the consumer and the cooperative concept of service: cooperatives are voluntary organizations, open to all persons able to use their services and willing to accept the responsibilities of membership; cooperatives are democratic organizations controlled by their members, who actively participate in setting policies and making decisions, the elected representatives are accountable to the membership; members contribute equitably to, and democratically control, the capital of their cooperative; cooperatives are autonomous, self-help organizations controlled by their members, if they enter into agreements with other organizations, including governments, they do so on terms that ensure democratic control by their members and maintain their cooperative autonomy; cooperatives provide education and training for their members, elected representatives, managers, and employees so they can contribute effectively to the development of their cooperatives, they inform the general public, particularly young people and opinion leaders, about the nature and benefits of cooperation; cooperatives serve their members most effectively and strength the cooperative movement by working together through local, national, regional, and international structures; and while focusing on member needs, cooperatives work for the sustainable development of their communities through policies accepted by their members.

  20. Sociedad digital, sociedad dual

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Gustavo Cimadevilla

    2009-01-01

    Full Text Available Lejos de las luchas obreras y campesinas contra el maquinismo, más cerca de las preocupaciones y debates interminables de los años ochenta del siglo xx, centrados en la revolución microelectrónica y la telemática; pero dentro de una sociedad que procura seducirse y seducirnos por el crecimiento de las tecnologías digitales y los dispositivos inteligentes, es oportuno repasar las caras y contracaras de lo que puede denominarse dualismo digital, un estado de realidad altamente cargado de novedades, estadísticas y tendencias que auguran cierto optimismo tecnológico. El trabajo plantea interrogantes y explora líneas de discusión que procuran apartarse de la tecnofobia y la tecnofilia, que han caracterizado a muchos de los debates del campo.

  1. La sociedad civil como base de la educación y la educación como base de la sociedad civil

    OpenAIRE

    Alvira, Rafael

    2013-01-01

    La tesis fundamental del trabajo está expresada en el título: la sociedad civil es condición indispensable para que se pueda realizar una tarea educativa de altura y, a su vez, sin una educación bien hecha la sociedad civil sería imposible. Como sucede siempre, se puede comenzar por intentar mejorar las estructuras de la sociedad civil, o por potenciar la educación, pero en realidad la clave ahora está en cambiar la concepción tanto de la sociedad civil como de la educación. Para ello, result...

  2. International cooperation

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    1996-01-01

    In 1995, Nuclear Regulatory Authority of the Slovak Republic (NRA SR) ensured foreign cooperation particularly in the frame of the Slovak Republic is membership in the IAEA, as well as cooperation with the Nuclear Energy Agency of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD NEA), cooperation with European Union in the frame of PHARE programmes, and intergovernmental cooperation and cooperation among nuclear regulatory authorities. With respect to an international importance, prestige and a wide-scope possibilities of a technical assistance , either a direct one (expert assessments, technology supplies, work placement, scientific trips, training courses) or indirect one (participation at various conferences, seminars, technical committees, etc), the most important cooperation with the IAEA in Vienna. In 1994, the Slovak Republic, was elected to the Board Governors, the represent the group of Eastern European countries. The Slovak Government entrusted the NRA SR's Chairman with representing the Slovak Republic in the Board of Governors. Owing to a good name of Slovakia was elected to the one of two Vice-Chairmen of the Board of Governors at the 882-nd session on the Board. IAEA approved and developed 8 national projects for Slovakia in 1995. Generally, IAEA is contracting scientific contracts with research institutes, nuclear power plants and other organizations. Slovak organizations used these contracts as complementary funding of their tasks. In 1995, there were 12 scientific contracts in progress, or approved respectively. Other international activities of the NRA SR, international co-operations as well as foreign affairs are reported

  3. La empresa familiar y su organización en forma de sociedad mercantil, con especial referencia a la sociedad de responsabilidad limitada

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    María Angustias Díaz Gómez

    2011-06-01

    Full Text Available En este trabajo, tras unas consideraciones generales sobre la Empresa Familiar, analizamos, en primer lugar, los tipos sociales mercantiles que puede adoptar en España la Sociedad Familiar, haciendo un repaso de las formas sociales típicas reconocidas por el legislador, reflexionando sobre sus ventajas e inconvenientes. En segundo lugar, nos centramos en el estudio del régimen jurídico de las dos Sociedades Capitalistas más representativas, la Sociedad Anónima y la Sociedad de Responsabilidad Limitada, analizando sus rasgos comunes, todo ello con el fin de dilucidar cuál se adapta mejor a las particularidades de la Sociedad Familiar. En tercer lugar, considerando que la Sociedad de Responsabilidad Limitada es la forma jurídica de creación de Sociedades Familiares más utilizada, se le dedica especial atención, destacando las divergencias fundamentales de regulación entre esta sociedad y la Sociedad Anónima. Asimismo se estudia la Sociedad Limitada Nueva Empresa, como subtipo de la Sociedad de Responsabilidad Limitada. Como conclusión, se trata de arrojar luz sobre la elección preferente de la Sociedad de Responsabilidad Limitada como forma jurídica de constitución de la Sociedad Familiar y, al mismo tiempo, de examinar, desde una perspectiva crítica, la normativa que le resulta aplicable.In this work, after a few general considerations on the Family enterprise, we analyze, first, the types of mercantile companies that the Familiar Company can adopt in Spain, doing a revision of the social typical forms recognized by the legislator, thinking about his advantages and disadvantages. Secondly, we centre on the study of the juridical regime of both most representative Capitalist Companies, the public limited liability company and the Private limited company, analyzing his common features, all this in order to explain which one adapts better to the particularities of the Familiar Company. Thirdly, considering that the Private limited

  4. Sociedad civil: una concepción radical

    OpenAIRE

    García Marzá, Vicente Domingo

    2008-01-01

    El presente trabajo1 tiene como objetivos presentar un concepto de sociedad civil desde una perspectiva crítica, una perspectiva que pueda dar razón del potencial de cambio y transformación social que encierra este ámbito de la interacción social. Con este fin, se adentra en primer lugar en la difícil relación entre democracia y sociedad civil, analizándola desde el paso de las democracias participativas a las democracias deliberativas. El caràcter global de la sociedad civil y los problemas ...

  5. Cooperation Agreement. The text of the Cooperation Agreement between the International Atomic Energy Agency and the ITER International Fusion Energy Organization

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    2009-01-01

    The text of the Cooperation Agreement between the International Atomic Energy Agency and the ITER International Fusion Energy Organization is reproduced herein for the information of all Members. The Agreement entered into force on 13 October 2008 pursuant to Article 8

  6. Cooperation Agreement. The Text of the Cooperation Agreement between the International Atomic Energy Agency and the ITER International Fusion Energy Organization

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    2009-01-01

    The text of the Cooperation Agreement between the International Atomic Energy Agency and the ITER International Fusion Energy Organization is reproduced herein for the information of all Members. The Agreement entered into force on 13 October 2008 pursuant to Article 8

  7. International co-operation

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Klinda, J.; Lieskovska, Z.

    1998-01-01

    Within the Union Nations (UN) framework, the Slovak Republic participated in following activities on environment protection co-operation: UN European Economic Commission, UN Industrial Development Organization, UN Development Programme, UN Human Habitat Organization, UN Environment Programme, and UN Commission on Sustainable Development. Relevant activities of the Slovak Republic in these co-operations as well as in European Union and OECD activities are reviewed. International conventions and other forms of multilateral co-operation, bilateral co-operation, and international programmes and projects in which the Slovak Republic took participate are presented

  8. Cooperation of Russian and EU technical support organizations

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kuznetsov, M.V.; Kozlov, Vl.V.; Kapralov, E.Yu.

    2007-01-01

    Since 1992, the fruitful collaboration of the Russian and Western-European technical support organizations (TSOs) is being continued due to the support of the European Commission. There are two main areas of activities. The first one is more of methodological assistance and enhancing RF TSOs capabilities to support Rostekhnadzor decision making process. Experience and knowledge acquired in this area projects increase RF TSOs capabilities regarding a wide spectrum of safety related issues assessment, in particular safety analyses, reactor vessel embrittlement, application of 'leak before break' concept, severe accident and accident management, fire risk evaluation, etc. The second area is focused on licensing related assessments of EC financed on site assistance projects (modernisations). This area projects promote implementation in Russia a licensing process based on a technical dialogue between operator and regulator as well contributes to transfer of Western practice in assessment of NPPs modernization. The improvement of managerial, scientific and technical capabilities of RF TSO experts may be considered as noteworthy and practical result of the TSOs cooperation. The continuation of such modality of RF and EU TSOs cooperation will be a good basis to cope with present and future challenges faced by TSOs in enhancing nuclear safety. (author)

  9. The Shanghai Cooperation Organization: Should the U.S. be Concerned?

    Science.gov (United States)

    2013-03-01

    Cooperation Organization and the Central Asian States, Thesis for Master of Arts in China-U.S. Relations (University of Hawaii at Hilo , December 2007...Clinton reinforced U.S. desires to coordinate with the SCO (among other Asian regional institutions) at a January 2010 conference in Hawaii . 101F102...Hillary Rodham Clinton, Hillary Rodham, “Remarks on Regional Architecture in Asia: Principles and Priorities,” Hawaii , Department of State, January 12

  10. Inertia in Cooperative Remodeling

    OpenAIRE

    Nilsson, Jerker

    1997-01-01

    Which organization model is appropriate for a cooperative enterprise depends on the prerequisites in its business environment. When conditions are changing, the firm must adapt itself. The entry of Sweden, Finland, and Austria into the European Union led to radical changes for agricultural cooperation, especially for Swedish cooperatives since agricultural policy was not allowed a transitional period. After two years, Swedish cooperatives have still not adapted their organization model despit...

  11. Co-operation agreement between the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) and the Government of People's Republic of Bangladesh concerning Education, Scientific and Technical Co-operation in High-Energy Physics

    CERN Document Server

    2014-01-01

    Co-operation agreement between the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) and the Government of People's Republic of Bangladesh concerning Education, Scientific and Technical Co-operation in High-Energy Physics

  12. Cooperation Agreement between the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) and The Qatar Foundation for Education, Science and Community Development concerning Scientific and Technical Co-operation in High Energy Physics

    CERN Document Server

    2016-01-01

    Cooperation Agreement between the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) and The Qatar Foundation for Education, Science and Community Development concerning Scientific and Technical Co-operation in High Energy Physics

  13. La Sociedad de Autores Españoles (1899-1932

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Raquel Sánchez García

    2002-01-01

    Full Text Available Durante ia úitima parte dei sigio xix ios autores españoies iniciaron un movimiento asociativo en defensa de sus derechos como profesionales. El proceso culminó en la fundación de la Sociedad de Autores Españoles (precedente de la actual Sociedad General de Autores Españoles. El objetivo principal de la SAE fue conseguir para los autores la administración y gestión de los derectios derivados de sus composiciones musicales y teatrales, lo que tuvo una gran importancia en un momento en que se estaban transformando las formas de ocio en nuestro país. Estas páginas pretenden llevar a cabo un repaso de su organización, sus logros y su evolución desde 1899 hasta 1932.During the last part of xix century, Spanish authors started a movement looking after their rights as professionals in pursuit of assoclations to defend them. The process finished in the foundation of the Sociedad de Autores Españoles (precedent of the SGAE. The principal objective of the SAE was to obtain the right to manage and to negotiate their own works and compositions. This was a very important sucess because of the change of leisure in Spain. In these pages, I will try to study the organization, the achievements and the evolution of the SAE from 1899 to 1932.

  14. Cooperation Agreement. The Text of the Cooperation Agreement between the International Atomic Energy Agency and the ITER International Fusion Energy Organization

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    2009-01-01

    The text of the Cooperation Agreement between the International Atomic Energy Agency and the ITER International Fusion Energy Organization is reproduced herein for the information of all Members. The Agreement entered into force on 13 October 2008 pursuant to Article 8 [fr

  15. Cooperation Agreement. The Text of the Cooperation Agreement between the International Atomic Energy Agency and the ITER International Fusion Energy Organization

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    2009-01-01

    The text of the Cooperation Agreement between the International Atomic Energy Agency and the ITER International Fusion Energy Organization is reproduced herein for the information of all Members. The Agreement entered into force on 13 October 2008 pursuant to Article 8 [es

  16. International cooperation for operating safety

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Dupuis, M.C.

    1989-03-01

    The international-cooperation organization in nuclear safety domain is discussed. The nuclear energy Direction Committee is helped by the Security Committee for Nuclear Power Plants in the cooperation between security organizations of member countries and in the safety and nuclear activity regulations. The importance of the cooperation between experts in human being and engine problems is underlined. The applied methods, exchange activities and activity analysis, and the cooperation of the Nuclear Energy Agency and international organizations is analysed [fr

  17. Nivel operacional de la sociedad civil

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Zoraida Mendiwelso Bendek

    2012-03-01

    Full Text Available Michael Walzer (2002 afirma que las organizaciones de la sociedad civil se generan en procesos de auto organización pero que existen algunas organizaciones con mayor capacidad que otras para organizarse y que también es necesario que el estado provea la asistencia que requiere la vida en asociación en donde primero que todo se debe proteger a los más débiles. En este artículo, desde una visión sistémica, se intenta reflexionar sobre las competencias requeridas para un efectivo proceso de auto-organización en la construcción de lo público. Se sostiene que esto hace necesario observar las estructuras que apoyan el aprendizaje y participación ciudadana.Michael Walzer (2002 claims that self-organization underpins the emergence of civil society organizations and that some of these organizations have more opportunities than others to be effective, suggesting that it is necessary for the State to support those associations that operate in weaker contexts. In this paper, from a systemic perspective, the author reflects upon the required competencies to enable effective self-organizing processes in the construction of the public sphere, in particular she advocates the need to observe the emerging organization structures supporting citizens' learning and participation.

  18. Active Learning and Cooperative Learning in the Organic Chemistry Lecture Class

    Science.gov (United States)

    Paulson, Donald R.

    1999-08-01

    Faculty in the physical sciences are one of the academic groups least receptive to the use of active learning strategies and cooperative learning in their classrooms. This is particularly so in traditional lecture classes. It is the objective of this paper to show how effective these techniques can be in improving student performance in classes. The use of active learning strategies and cooperative learning groups in my organic chemistry lecture classes has increased the overall pass rate in my classes by an astounding 20-30% over the traditional lecture mode. This has been accomplished without any reduction in "standards". The actual methods employed are presented as well as a discussion of how I came to radically change the way I teach my classes.

  19. The Cooperative Organization And Rural Passenger Transportation: An Approach to Community Development.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Stommes, Eileen S.

    The need for passenger transportation is widely recognized by rural communities. Shrinking federal funding has led many communities and human service agencies to experiment with innovative approaches to provide transportation services. One such approach is the use of cooperative organizations to provide needed services. A study conducted by the…

  20. The Texts of the Agency's Co-operation Agreements with Regional Intergovernmental Organizations

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    1961-01-01

    The texts of the Agency's agreements for co-operation with the regional inter-governmental organizations listed below, together with the respective protocols authenticating them, are reproduced in this document in the order in which the agreements entered into force, for the information of all Members of the Agency

  1. The Texts of the Agency's Co-operation Agreements with Regional Intergovernmental Organizations

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    NONE

    1961-02-07

    The texts of the Agency's agreements for co-operation with the regional inter-governmental organizations listed below, together with the respective protocols authenticating them, are reproduced in this document in the order in which the agreements entered into force, for the information of all Members of the Agency.

  2. The Texts of the Agency's Co-operation Agreements with Regional Intergovernmental Organizations

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    1961-01-01

    The texts of the Agency's agreements for co-operation with the regional inter-governmental organizations listed below, together with the respective protocols authenticating them, are reproduced in this document in the order in which the agreements entered into force, for the information of all Members of the Agency [es

  3. Cooperative and submolecular dissipation mechanisms of sliding friction in complex organic systems.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Knorr, Daniel B; Gray, Tomoko O; Overney, René M

    2008-08-21

    Energy dissipation in single asperity sliding friction was directly linked to submolecular modes of mobility by intrinsic friction analysis, involving time-temperature superposition along with thermodynamic stress and reaction rate models. Thereby, polystyrene served as a representative tribological sample for organic and amorphous complex systems. This study reveals the significance of surface and subsurface (alpha-, beta-, and gamma-) relaxational modes, which couple under appropriate external conditions (load, temperature, and rate) with shear induced disturbances, and thus gives rise to material specific frictional dissipation. At low pressures and temperatures below the glass transition point, the phenyl pendant side groups of polystyrene, known for their preferential orientation at the free surface, were noticed to be the primary channel for dissipation of kinetic sliding-energy. While this process was found to be truly enthalpic (activation energy of 8 kcalmol), energy dissipation was shown to possess both enthalpic and cooperative entropic contributions above the loading capacity of the surface phenyl groups (9.9 kcalmol) or above the glass transition. Apparent Arrhenius activation energies of frictional dissipation of 22 and 90 kcalmol, respectively, and cooperative contributions up to 80% were found. As such, this study highlights issues critical to organic lubricant design, i.e., the intrinsic enthalpic activation barriers of mobile linker groups, the evaluation of cooperative mobility phenomena, and critical tribological parameters to access or avoid coupling between shear disturbances and molecular actuators.

  4. La sociedad de la información como una sociedad en transición: Caracterización, tendencias y paradojas

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Migdalia Pineda

    2003-01-01

    Full Text Available En este artículo se presentan los principales rasgos que caracterizan a la sociedad de la información como una sociedad en transición y se asoman algunas de sus tendencias futuras. Los planteamientos realizados forman parte de una investigación cualitativa que se sustenta en un análisis crítico de lo señalado por diversos autores sobre la sociedad de la información y el conjunto de cambios que las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación producen en diversos órdenes de la vida social (cultural, económico, laboral, comunicacional y de conocimiento, insistiendo en sus posibilidades y contradicciones. Se considera la premisa que, en ese conjunto de cambios, el ser humano es quien adquiere jerarquía por encima de la tecnología y que la sociedad de la información debe ser vista como una oportunidad para rescatar las diferencias, la diversidad y para avanzar hacia una sociedad que, ayudada por las TIC, potencie el conocimiento y el ingenio humano para resolver problemas del entorno.

  5. Visit of H.E. Dr Abdolrahim Gavahi, Secretary General, Economic Cooperation Organization, Islamic Republic of Iran

    CERN Multimedia

    Patrice Loïez

    2001-01-01

    Photo 01: L.to r. Prof. Galileo Violini, Head, UNESCO Office, Teheran; Mr Jan van der Boon, CERN Director of Administration; H.E. Dr Abdolrahim Gavahi, Secretary General, Economic Cooperation Organization, Islamic Republic of Iran (signing the Guest Book); Dr John Ellis, CERN Adviser for Non-Member State Relations and Dr Behzad Alipour Tehrany Photo 02: Mr Jan van der Boon, CERN Director of Administration (left) and Dr John Ellis, CERN Adviser for Non-Member State Relations (right) on the occasion of the visit of H.E. Dr Abdolrahim Gavahi, Secretary General, Economic Cooperation Organization, Islamic Republic of Iran.

  6. Hacia una sociedad hipertextual

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Mireya Barón Pulido

    2013-03-01

    Full Text Available El presente artículo de revisión analiza y relaciona los resultados de varias investigaciones que toman como objeto de estudio los elementos que incursionan en el contexto de la comunicación desde la red: hiperdocumento, macronavegación y micronavegación. Dimensiones y procesos que afectan y transforman los mismos niveles de interacción al interior de las sociedades; hoy día reco- nocidas como sociedades digitales. El lector encontrará referencia a algunos estudios locales e internacionales haciendo referencia a corpus multimediáticos del periodismo y de la publicidad que permiten evidenciar dichos elementos y que sugieren la transformación y, en algunos casos, la construcción de nuevos patrones de interacción social entre lectores y perceptores.

  7. A sociedade dos vivos

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Leis Héctor Ricardo

    2003-01-01

    Full Text Available A pergunta: qual é o significado da experiência da morte na sociedade contemporânea? A hipótese: que existe uma faceta sombria e degradante da condição humana, associada à privatização institucional ou "pacificação" da morte que estamos assistindo em nossa época. Muitos teóricos sociais contemporâneos apostam em estratégias como a reflexividade para reconstruir a fragmentação do ser humano, porém essa reconstrução mal poderia vir sem procurar apoio em aspectos chaves da condição humana. Apontar alguns dos déficits da teoria social contemporânea e assinalar alguns caminhos para superar impasses da sociedade contemporânea resume a tentativa deste trabalho.

  8. La sociedad de ensueño del turismo

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ruth Arroyo

    2011-11-01

    Full Text Available Este artículo proclama el nacimiento de una nueva sociedad denominada la sociedad deensueño. Se presenta como un tema fascinante sobre la demanda futura de bienes y servicios, que predice que la sociedad actual, basada en la información, se convertirá en una sociedad que valora las historias detrás de los productos y servicios. Estas historias se construyen a partir de la necesidad de riqueza emocional, que la riqueza material ha convertido en algo común. La demanda de productos, a su vez aumentará la demanda de contadores de historias imaginativas que artísticamente pueden dirigir las emociones de los consumidores de una diversificada cultura global, donde imaginar, crear, divertir y fascinar puede resultar un duro trabajo para nuestros conceptos actuales. El resultado de la sociedad de ensueño es que los consumidores no compran productos sino estilos de vida e “historias”, experiencias, emociones y elementos que transmiten un sentido o un significado. En el artículo se menciona cómo los negocios de la industria turística se están transformando, y también se habla de los cambios en otros ámbitos de la sociedad como: el lugar de trabajo, la casa, las relaciones entre las personas y las naciones. Este tema es recomendado para el sector académico y empresarial.

  9. La sociedad de ensueño del turismo

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ruth Arroyo

    2011-11-01

    Full Text Available Este artículo proclama el nacimiento de una nueva sociedad denominada la sociedad de ensueño. Se presenta como un tema fascinante sobre la demanda futura de bienes y servicios, que predice que la sociedad actual, basada en la información, se convertirá en una sociedad que valora las historias detrás de los productos y servicios. Estas historias se construyen a partir de la necesidad de riqueza emocional, que la riqueza material ha convertido en algo común. La demanda de productos, a su vez aumentará la demanda de contadores de historias imaginativas que artísticamente pueden dirigir las emociones de los consumidores de una diversificada cultura global, donde imaginar, crear, divertir y fascinar puede resultar un duro trabajo para nuestros conceptos actuales. El resultado de la sociedad de ensueño es que los consumidores no compran productos sino estilos de vida e “historias”, experiencias, emociones y elementos que transmiten un sentido o un significado. En el artículo se menciona cómo los negocios de la industria turística se están transformando, y también se habla de los cambios en otros ámbitos de la sociedad como: el lugar de trabajo, la casa, las relaciones entre las personas y las naciones. Este tema es recomendado para el sector académico y empresarial.

  10. Reframing cooperation: Challenges in overcoming tensions between professional services and volunteer organizations providing parenting support in immigrant communities

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Ponzoni, E.

    2015-01-01

    Volunteer organizations can potentially partner with mainstream professional services to provide better parenting support to immigrant parents. This qualitative study of cooperation between professional agencies and volunteer organizations known as migrant volunteer and community organizations

  11. Sociedad y medio ambiente. Ciudadanos y científicos ante la reforma medioambiental de la sociedad

    OpenAIRE

    Oltra Algado, Cristian

    2006-01-01

    El objetivo de la presente investigación es analizar el papel de los ciudadanos y los científicos en la reforma medioambiental de la sociedad, a partir del estudio de los valores y actitudes que estos dos actores sociales poseen ante la solución de los problemas medioambientales. El argumento esencial que se desarrolla en la investigación es que los factores culturales juegan un papel esencial en el proceso por el que las sociedades avanzadas hacen frente a los problemas medioambientales e in...

  12. Evolución legislativa de las sociedades laborales

    OpenAIRE

    Toribio Cara, Miguel

    2018-01-01

    Mediante este resumen o trabajo he pretendido realizar un estudio más o menos completo sobre las sociedades laborales en nuestro país. Previo a ello decir que las Sociedades Laborales constituyen una figura del Derecho de Sociedades español que cumple con su regulación en la propia Constitución Española en su artículo 129.2 que otorga a los poderes públicos para promover la participación en la empresa de los trabajadores y su acceso a la propiedad de los medios de producción. ...

  13. 76 FR 44592 - Cooperative Agreement With the World Health Organization Department of Food Safety and Zoonoses...

    Science.gov (United States)

    2011-07-26

    ... DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES Food and Drug Administration [Docket No. FDA-2011-N-0010] Cooperative Agreement With the World Health Organization Department of Food Safety and Zoonoses in Support of... agreement with the World Health Organization. The document published stating that the total funding...

  14. Design and Control of Cooperativity in Spin-Crossover in Metal–Organic Complexes: A Theoretical Overview

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Hrishit Banerjee

    2017-07-01

    Full Text Available Metal organic complexes consisting of transition metal centers linked by organic ligands, may show bistability which enables the system to be observed in two different electronic states depending on external condition. One of the spectacular examples of molecular bistability is the spin-crossover phenomena. Spin-Crossover (SCO describes the phenomena in which the transition metal ion in the complex under the influence of external stimuli may show a crossover between a low-spin and high-spin state. For applications in memory devices, it is desirable to make the SCO phenomena cooperative, which may happen with associated hysteresis effect. In this respect, compounds with extended solid state structures containing metal ions connected by organic spacer linkers like linear polymers, coordination network solids are preferred candidates over isolated molecules or molecular assemblies. The microscopic understanding, design and control of mechanism driving cooperativity, however, are challenging. In this review we discuss the recent theoretical progress in this direction.

  15. de la sociedad de la ubicuidad

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jose Octavio Islas-Carmona

    2008-01-01

    Full Text Available En el imaginario de la sociedad de la ubicuidad, en el cual las comunicaciones digitales inciden de forma categórica en el desarrollo y la evolución de los nuevos ambientes comunicativos, las figuras de "emisor" y "receptor", así como los modelos que ayer permitían explicar el proceso comunicativo, hoy exhiben evidentes limitaciones en sus capacidades explicativas. La realidad los ha desbordado. En el desarrollo histórico de los medios de comunicación es posible advertir cómo éstos resienten determinadas remediaciones. Desde la perspectiva de la ecología de medios, Internet -el medio de comunicación inteligente-, admite ser comprendido como lógica extensión del telégrafo. El telégrafo representó la primera exteriorización de nuestro sistema nervioso. El desarrollo de las comunicaciones digitales móviles nos desplaza hacia un nuevo ambiente mediático: la "sociedad de la ubicuidad". De acuerdo con Neil Postman, detrás de toda tecnología subyace una filosofía, y los principios comunicativos de la "sociedad de la ubicuidad": comunicación para todos, en cualquier momento, en cualquier lugar, desplazan consigo la necesidad de producir los dispositivos de comunicaciones digitales móviles idóneos para responder a las exigencias del ambiente comunicativo que supone dicha sociedad. El desarrollo de la web 2.0 admite ser considerado como un auténtico parteaguas histórico en la evolución de Internet; éste impuso importantes cambios tanto en el comportamiento como en los hábitos de consumo cultural de los cibernautas. El cibernauta accedió a la condición de prosumidor. Debemos reconocer a los prosumidores como los actores comunicativos de la sociedad de la ubicuidad. El papel de los prosumidores resultará definitivo en las siguientes remediaciones que experimentará Internet, medio que definitivamente admite ser comprendido como lógica extensión de la inteligencia humana.

  16. When a business isn’t a business: law and the political in the history of the United Kingdom’s co-operative movement

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Tara Mulqueen

    2012-05-01

    Full Text Available Contemporary efforts to develop and promote co-operatives and the social economy confront a tension in the competing and often conflicting aims to achieve commercial sustainability in a capitalist market while also promoting social transformation. Through a review of the historical experience of institutionalization in the Co-operative Movement in the United Kingdom, this article attempts to generate insights into these tensions. Despite being seen as unpolitical, co-operatives can be understood as political at the level of re-shaping sociality through co-operative practice. Although the similarity between co-operatives and joint-stock companies produces ambiguities within the movement, this does not in itself detract from the co-operative project. It is argued that the codification of co-operatives in law as bodies corporate constitutes the closure of the political aspect of co-operation and reinforces and gives consequence to the misconception of co-operatives as primarily commercial entities. Los esfuerzos por desarrollar y promover las cooperativas y la economía social se enfrentan a un conflicto entre los objetivos contrapuestos de lograr la sostenibilidad comercial en un mercado capitalista, a la vez que se promueve una transformación de la sociedad. Realizando una revisión de la experiencia histórica de la institucionalización del movimiento cooperativista en el Reino Unido, este artículo pretende analizar estas tensiones. A pesar de ser apolíticas, las cooperativas se pueden entender como un elemento político por su intento de reformular la sociedad. Aunque la similitud entre cooperativas y sociedades anónimas produce ambigüedades dentro del movimiento cooperativista, esto no va, por sí mismo, en detrimento del proyecto de cooperación. Se argumenta que, al contemplar en la legislación a las cooperativas como personas jurídicas, se acaba con el aspecto político de las cooperativas. A su vez, esto refuerza y termina con la

  17. Kazakhstan's Chairmanship of the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe: An Assessment

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    - Shirin Akiner

    2011-06-01

    Full Text Available Massive international comment and analysis was devoted to the Kazakhstan's Chairmanship in the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE. No previous candidate for this office received such treatment. Kazakhstan's agenda of aims and objectives included important issues. During the year several steps were taken towards implementing Kazakhstan's agenda.

  18. Cooperatives as Entrants

    OpenAIRE

    Richard J. Sexton; Terri A. Sexton

    1987-01-01

    A potential shortcoming of game-theoretic models in industrial organization is their failure to consider consumers as players. We introduce a customer coalition --- a cooperative -- as a potential entrant and compare the cooperative entry threat with that posed by the usual for-profit entrant. We identify four fundamental distinctions between cooperative and for-profit entrants and demonstrate that the strategic interplay between a cooperative and an incumbent firm may differ markedly from th...

  19. 78 FR 49757 - Notification of an Expansion to the Cooperative Agreement Award to the World Health Organization

    Science.gov (United States)

    2013-08-15

    ... Award to the World Health Organization AGENCY: Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority... requires notification to World Health Organization (WHO) as soon as possible, and any confirmed smallpox... Services (HHS). ACTION: Notification of an expansion to the Cooperative Agreement Award to the World Health...

  20. Cooperative organic mine avoidance path planning

    Science.gov (United States)

    McCubbin, Christopher B.; Piatko, Christine D.; Peterson, Adam V.; Donnald, Creighton R.; Cohen, David

    2005-06-01

    The JHU/APL Path Planning team has developed path planning techniques to look for paths that balance the utility and risk associated with different routes through a minefield. Extending on previous years' efforts, we investigated real-world Naval mine avoidance requirements and developed a tactical decision aid (TDA) that satisfies those requirements. APL has developed new mine path planning techniques using graph based and genetic algorithms which quickly produce near-minimum risk paths for complicated fitness functions incorporating risk, path length, ship kinematics, and naval doctrine. The TDA user interface, a Java Swing application that obtains data via Corba interfaces to path planning databases, allows the operator to explore a fusion of historic and in situ mine field data, control the path planner, and display the planning results. To provide a context for the minefield data, the user interface also renders data from the Digital Nautical Chart database, a database created by the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency containing charts of the world's ports and coastal regions. This TDA has been developed in conjunction with the COMID (Cooperative Organic Mine Defense) system. This paper presents a description of the algorithms, architecture, and application produced.

  1. The level of influence of trust, commitment, cooperation, and power in the interorganizational relationships of Brazilian credit cooperatives

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Denise Maria Martins

    Full Text Available Abstract This article aims to analyze the level of influence of trust, commitment, cooperation, and power in the interrelationships of individual credit cooperatives and their central organization in Brazil. The quantitative and descriptive research was developed in unique credit unions linked to the Central Bank of Brazil and the Organization of Brazilian Cooperatives. The data were analyzed using structural equation modeling, with the estimation through partial least squares. The results obtained for the coefficients of determination (R2 of the endogenous latent variables confirmed the assumptions found in the theoretical models of Morgan and Hunt (1994 and Coote, Forrest, and Tam (2003. Statistical significance was also found in the relationships between power and trust, commitment and cooperation, trust and commitment, trust and cooperation, and power and commitment. However, in this study the relationship between power and commitment characterized the significance and was positive between the individual credit cooperatives and their central organization. This is in line with the understanding that power is the solution to resolving conflicts. The research identifies how the constructs of trust, commitment, cooperation, and power show relevance to the alignment of relations between individual credit cooperatives and their central organization.

  2. "Comentarios en torno a las sociedades cooperativas en México" (Comments on cooperative societies in Mexico

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Martha E. Izquierdo

    2012-01-01

    Full Text Available One of the current problems that Cooperative sector is facingin Mexico is mainly due the economic model that is in place. The reason is thatthe Mexican capitalism under the neo-liberal model excludes the cooperativemovement; taking away from the national development plans and consideringthis as a synonym of falling back, subversion and failure.Despite this, there is a big number of successful cooperative societies thathave survived to the worst fights against the economic politics that the coun-try is currently living. Therefore these societies are an undeniable proof thatthought this system an alternative economy can be reached, with more justiceand being an inclusive society that can help to overcome the crisis that we areliving today.

  3. International cooperation during radiological emergencies. NRC program guidance for the provision of technical advice to foreign counterpart organizations

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Senseney, R.

    1986-04-01

    This report defines the scope, application, and limits of the technical cooperation the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) would provide, upon request, to a foreign regulatory agency in a nuclear emergency. It outlines the basis for such cooperation, offers a model written agreement, and describes recent cases of NRC assistance. It also identifies non-NRC sources of emergency advisory assistance available to foreign organizations

  4. Sociedad civil y educación de la conciencia moral

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    José Manuel TOURIÑÁN LÓPEZ

    2009-11-01

    Full Text Available RESUMEN: El sentido de lo social se ha enriquecido en nuestros días debido al carácter transnacional de las acciones globales. Ya no hablamos simplemente de derechos sociales que requieren la subsidiación del Estado con unos medios que no pertenecen a ningún individuo en particular; hablamos de derechos que reclaman la cooperación positiva de los Estados y la sociedad civil, más allá de las fronteras territoriales. Esto modifica el carácter de territorialidad del Estado y el sentido del compromiso de la sociedad civil.Este nuevo desafío tiene que asumir las consecuencias de entender la transnacionalidad y la glocalización como condiciones inherentes de los derechos de tercera generación y esto exige replantear los problemas en la sociedad civil desde una ética que asume la realidad del otro y está elaborada a partir de la singularidad de las situaciones y la universalidad de los valores.ABSTRACT: The meaning of «social» has been enriched nowadays due to the cross-cultural nature of global actions. We do not now simply refer to social rights under the State supervision with means that do not belong to any concrete individual. We talk about rights that require the positive co-operation of States and civil society, co-operation which surpass countries' boundaries. Indeed, this modifies the state belonging sense and the civil society's commitments.This new challenge has to be able to manage the consequences of seeing both cross-culturalism and glocalism as inherent conditions of the third generation rights, and all of that requires rethinking the problems within civil society from an ethic scheme that understands «the other» and that is also based on the singularity of each situation and the universalisation of (human values.SOMMAIRE: Le sens de ce qui est social c'est enrichi dans nos jours, étant donné le caractère transnational des actions globales. Nous ne parlons pas simplement de droits sociaux qui requièrent l

  5. Five Rules for the Evolution of Cooperation

    Science.gov (United States)

    Nowak, Martin A.

    2006-12-01

    Cooperation is needed for evolution to construct new levels of organization. Genomes, cells, multicellular organisms, social insects, and human society are all based on cooperation. Cooperation means that selfish replicators forgo some of their reproductive potential to help one another. But natural selection implies competition and therefore opposes cooperation unless a specific mechanism is at work. Here I discuss five mechanisms for the evolution of cooperation: kin selection, direct reciprocity, indirect reciprocity, network reciprocity, and group selection. For each mechanism, a simple rule is derived that specifies whether natural selection can lead to cooperation.

  6. de la sociedad actual

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    René Alejandro Jiménez Ornelas

    2005-01-01

    Full Text Available La violencia no es producida aleatoriamente, sino que parte de una cultura de conflictos familiares, sociales, económicos y políticos, y en general, del sistema globalizado que a su vez permea las diferentes formas de vida en la sociedad, donde los estilos de vida de los jóvenes son catalogados como formas de delincuencia. El objetivo de esos estilos de vida, sin embargo, sólo consiste en distanciarse culturalmente de una sociedad que los jóvenes no han fabricado. Víctimas de la discriminación social y excluidos de las decisiones importantes, muchos jóvenes carecen de planes o proyectos de vida, y son considerados incapaces de adaptarse al medio social, por lo cual toman la delincuencia como alternativa de sobrevivencia. El fácil acceso a las drogas, la falta de oportunidades de empleo, salud, educación y espacios para la cultura y el deporte, la desintegración familiar, la impunidad, entre otros factores, componen el contexto en el que nace y crece la juventud mexicana del siglo XXI.

  7. Lessons from a cooperative, bacterial-animal association: the Vibrio fischeri-Euprymna scolopes light organ symbiosis.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ruby, E G

    1996-01-01

    Although the study of microbe-host interactions has been traditionally dominated by an interest in pathogenic associations, there is an increasing awareness of the importance of cooperative symbiotic interactions in the biology of many bacteria and their animal and plant hosts. This review examines a model system for the study of such symbioses, the light organ association between the bobtail squid Euprymna scolopes and the marine luminous bacterium Vibrio fischeri. Specifically, the initiation, establishment, and persistence of the benign bacterial infection of the juvenile host light organ are described, as are efforts to understand the mechanisms underlying this specific colonization program. Using molecular genetic techniques, mutant strains of V. fischeri have been constructed that are defective at specific stages of the development of the association. Some of the lessons that these mutants have begun to teach us about the complex and long-term nature of this cooperative venture are summarized.

  8. El capital social en las sociedades cooperativas. Las Normas sobre los aspectos contables de las sociedades cooperativas a la luz de los principios cooperativos

    OpenAIRE

    Pilar Gómez Aparicio

    2003-01-01

    Los principios cooperativos tienen un alto contenido económico y marcan particularidades en la estructura financiera y en la generación y reparto del excedente. La diferencia concreta en España entre sociedades cooperativas y de capitales procede de la diferente normativa y las distintas leyes que han influido en el régimen económico de estas sociedades. La aparición de las Normas sobre los aspectos contables de las sociedades cooperativas tienen incidencia directa sobre régimen económico ...

  9. Global Organization of Innovation and Cooperability in Brazilian Multinationals

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Priscila Rezende da Costa

    2017-04-01

    Full Text Available Understanding the dissipation of innovations is necessary to develop them, as a company on its own does not have all the capabilities that it needs. On the contrary, they are increasingly spread over internal and external contexts, and are not developed in isolation. Most of the time, they depend on interactive, innovative processes in a global context. The aim of this study is to evaluate how the global organizational structure of innovation affects the dynamic capability of cooperation (cooperability in Brazilian multinationals (BMNs. To achieve this goal, we conducted a survey of BMNs, and a final sample of 60 companies answered a structured questionnaire. We performed statistical tests such as Factor Analysis, Cronbach's Alpha, Multiple Regression and Hierarchical Cluster, and cross-analysis of quantitative results that enabled us to create a Cooperability Model, that is, a model of local, international and global development for a dynamic capability of cooperation in BMNs. The results show that technological strengths of foreign subsidiaries and the reverse transfer of their capabilities to the parent company and technology partners affect the dynamics of cooperation in BMNs (inputs and results of cooperability. Furthermore, we detected an inverse relationship between the autonomy of foreign subsidiaries and the dynamic of cooperation in BMNs.

  10. Energy saving, social and government communication; Ahorrro de energia, sociedad y comunicacion gubernamental

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Morales Camarena, Francisco [Comision Nacional para el Ahorro de Energia, Mexico, D.F. (Mexico)

    2001-07-01

    The actions for the energy efficiency and the utilization of renewable energies are multiple and dispersed, in each one of the energy consumption points of the country. For this reason, two important factors to foment these actions are to promote the social participation and the effective government communication towards the society: energy saving and social participation. One of the main faculties of the National Commission of Energy Saving (CONAE) is to foment the efficiency in the energy use, through actions coordinated with the different agencies and organizations of the Federal Public Administration, with the governments of the federal entities and the municipalities and, through coordinated operations, with the private and social sectors. The CONAE has established mechanisms of coordination and cooperation with the private and social sectors, having fomented programs, projects and actions whose purpose is the energy efficiency, outstanding: 1) Committees and work groups; 2) Cooperation Agreements; 3) the Advisory Council for the Foment of Renewable Energy. [Spanish] Las acciones para la eficiencia energetica y el aprovechamiento de las energias renovables son multiples y dispersas, en cada uno de los puntos de consumo de energia del pais. Por ello, dos factores importantes para fomentar estas acciones son promover la participacion social y la comunicacion gubernamental eficaz hacia la sociedad: Ahorro de energia y participacion social. Una de las principales facultades de la Comision Nacional de Ahorro de Energia es fomentar la eficiencia en el uso de energia, a traves de acciones coordinadas con las diversas dependencias y entidades de la Administracion Publica Federal, con los gobiernos de las entidades federativas y de los municipios y, a traves de acciones concertadas, con los sectores social y privado. La CONAE ha establecido mecanismos de coordinacion y de cooperacion con los sectores privado y social, fomentando programas, proyectos y acciones cuyo

  11. International co-operation

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    1997-01-01

    In 1996, Nuclear Regulatory Authority of the Slovak Republic (NRA SR) ensured the Slovak Republic (SR) obligations with relation to the international agreements and with the SR membership in the IAEA.International co-operation has been ensured on the basis of the bilateral international agreements. With the Ministry of Foreign Affairs co-operation, the SR fulfilled its financial obligations to this organization in due time and in the full scope. Representing Central and Eastern Europe interest in the Board of Governors, the SR participation in the highest executive in the highest executive authority was finished in 1996.The Board of Governors Vice-chairman position was executed by NRA SR Chairman. 5 national and 6 regional technical co-operation and assistance projects were realized in 1996. 12 organizations participated in these projects and accordingly 104 experts took part in training programmes, scientific visits or as the mission members abroad. Besides, Slovak experts participated at work of technical advisory and consultation groups with the significant assistance. In the framework of IAEA co-operation, the SR was visited by 11 expert missions formed by 28 experts from 19 countries including IAEA. Slovak organizations, namely institutes of the Academy of Sciences, Slovak research centres and universities participated in IAEA scientific and research activities through NRA SR. 15 scientific contracts in total were approved and realized and these contracts are utilized as supplementary financing of the own scientific and research projects. Other international co-operation and regional co-operation activities of the NRA SR in 1996 are reviewed

  12. La educación en la sociedad del conocimiento

    OpenAIRE

    Paur, Alicia Beatriz; Rosanigo, Zulema Beatriz; Bramati, Pedro

    2006-01-01

    En este artículo analizamos el impacto de las TICs en la sociedad y en la educación, resaltando la importancia de adoptar una postura crítica frente a la cantidad de información que nos llega a través de las nuevas tecnologías. La educación es el eje vertebral y director que nos permitirá avanzar desde la llamada sociedad de la información hacia una sociedad del conocimiento más justa y democrática; de ahí que la formación permanente y el logro de la independencia cognoscitiva debieran est...

  13. Sociedade justa: palco para o progresso moral do homem em Kant

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Celso de Moraes Pinheiro

    2004-01-01

    Full Text Available A tarefa fundamental deste texto é explorar a relação entre a finalidade moral e a finalidade política nos textos de Kant. Buscaremos mostrar que a fundação de uma sociedade justa aproxima- se da efetivação possível de um reino dos fins na terra, desde que a finalidade política da sociedade encontre-se de acordo com a finalidade moral de cada indivíduo membro da sociedade. O pleno desenvolvimento moral, requerido por Kant, apenas poderá ser atingido em uma sociedade politicamente justa, com leis orientadas pela idéia de moralidade.

  14. ADAPTACIÓN DE LA LEY DE COOPERATIVAS DEL PAÍS VASCO A LAS NORMAS INTERNACIONALES DE CONTABILIDAD (Apuntes para una nueva configuración del régimen del capital en las Sociedades Cooperativas/ADAPTATION OF THE LAW OF CO-OPERATIVES OF THE BASQUE COUNTRY TO THE INTERNATIONAL ACCOUNTING NORMS

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Javier DIVAR GARTEIZ-AURRECOA

    2006-05-01

    Full Text Available La Legislación vasca de cooperativas remite a la libre decisión de cada sociedad para que los estatutos puedan prever la existencia de aportaciones a capital social no exigibles, pero reembolsables por decisión de la cooperativa, permitiendo, así, contabilizar las aportaciones de los socios como recurso propio. Con la modificación de la Ley se ha pretendido únicamente adecuar el texto a la NIC 32 y no introducir las anheladas medidas para facilitar la financiación de las empresas cooperativas con fondos propios./The Basque Legislation of cooperative societies sends to the free decision of every society in order that the bylaws could foresee the existence of contributions to share capital not eligible, but refundable for decision of the cooperative society, allowing to assess, this way, the contributions of the associates as own resource. With the modification of the Law one has tried to adapt only the text to the NIC 32 and not to introduce the longed measurements to facilitate the funding of the cooperative companies with own funds.

  15. Antinomias y paradojas de la sociedad civil global

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Edwin Cruz Rodríguez

    2012-01-01

    Full Text Available ¿Qué podemos entender por sociedad civil global y cuáles son sus implicaciones sobre el ejercicio del poder a nivel mundial? El presente trabajo examina este problema. Primero, analiza las antinomias del concepto de sociedad civil global desde una perspectiva analítica. Segundo, estudia sus contenidos normativos en relación con la democratización y el poder a escala global. Existen tres antinomias cuando se trata de precisar el concepto de sociedad civil global como categoría analítica: no puede concebirse por referencia a un Estado o comunidad política global, pues este es inexistente; no se erige en un ámbito de civilidad que excluya la violencia; y no es posible definirla desde una perspectiva objetiva, porque la disputa por su significado hace parte de sí misma. En términos normativos, existe una paradoja pues la sociedad civil global no representa ciudadanos o intereses generales sino cuerpos con intereses particulares vinculados a la necesidad de gobierno o gobernanza global. Sin embargo, ha generado un cambio en las concepciones y las condiciones de ejercicio del poder en el escenario global, que potencialmente contribuye a la democratización de la política mundial.

  16. Ainda conectado: o PT e seus vínculos com a sociedade

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Oswaldo Amaral

    2011-06-01

    Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho é mostrar que o Partido dos Trabalhadores (PT continua mantendo vínculos sólidos com a sociedade civil organizada e a atrair filiados, apesar das transformações pelas quais passou a partir da segunda metade da década de 1990, especialmente sob aspecto ideológico-programático. A partir da análise de dados sobre os filiados e a organização partidária, bem como de surveys realizados com os delegados petistas reunidos em encontros nacionais entre 1997 e 2007, mostramos que o PT continua permeável à participação de atores da sociedade civil organizada assim como teve um crescimento significativo no número de membros durante os anos do governo Lula.The main aim of this paper is to show that the Workers' Party (PT continues to be strongly attached to civil society organizations and capable of attracting members after a series of programmatic and ideological changes in the last 15 years. Through the evaluation of membership and organizational data and also the analysis of surveys conducted among PT's delegates between 1997 and 2007, we show that the party still has strong connections to civil society organizations and increased significantly its number of members during Lula's government.

  17. DE LA SOCIEDAD DEL CONOCIMIENTO A LA SOCIEDAD DEL RIESGO

    OpenAIRE

    Abdala Cardona, Alejandro

    2013-01-01

    El tiempo en el que vivimos: el siglo XXI, presenta a la vez, retos y exigencias al conjunto global de los habitantes del mundo, puesto que, no solo se nos presenta la actualidad como aquella coyuntura histórica en los que el cambio de los acontecimientos gira en torno al rol central del conocimiento, sino también, en torno al potencial que dicho conocimiento trae tras de sí; es decir, el presente siglo impone al conjunto de personas el rótulo de "sociedad del conocimiento" donde se puede enc...

  18. El modelo de gobierno corporativo de una sociedad depende de su estructura legal -Diferencias entre sociedades anónimas y/o limitadas-

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Elizabeth Prada

    2009-12-01

    Full Text Available El presente documento tiene como finalidad comprobar que a pesar de existir unos temas comunes a analizar en el gobierno corporativo de cualquier compañía, el mismo dependerá de su estructura legal societaria, entendiendo por esta las diferentes clases de sociedades que existen en Colombia. De acuerdo con los resultados financieros obtenidos y la identificación de las dos sociedades predominantes en la mayoría de los niveles financieros a los que hace referencia el documento, se hacen unas recomendaciones sobre los principios y medidas que pueden ser tomados como referencia al momento de crear un modelo de gobierno corporativo acorde con la realidad y necesidades de las sociedades anónimas y las limitadas.

  19. Cooperation in carbon source degradation shapes spatial self-organization of microbial consortia on hydrated surfaces.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Tecon, Robin; Or, Dani

    2017-03-06

    Mounting evidence suggests that natural microbial communities exhibit a high level of spatial organization at the micrometric scale that facilitate ecological interactions and support biogeochemical cycles. Microbial patterns are difficult to study definitively in natural environments due to complex biodiversity, observability and variable physicochemical factors. Here, we examine how trophic dependencies give rise to self-organized spatial patterns of a well-defined bacterial consortium grown on hydrated surfaces. The model consortium consisted of two Pseudomonas putida mutant strains that can fully degrade the aromatic hydrocarbon toluene. We demonstrated that obligate cooperation in toluene degradation (cooperative mutualism) favored convergence of 1:1 partner ratio and strong intermixing at the microscale (10-100 μm). In contrast, competition for benzoate, a compound degraded independently by both strains, led to distinct segregation patterns. Emergence of a persistent spatial pattern has been predicted for surface attached microbial activity in liquid films that mediate diffusive exchanges while permitting limited cell movement (colony expansion). This study of a simple microbial consortium offers mechanistic glimpses into the rules governing the assembly and functioning of complex sessile communities, and points to general principles of spatial organization with potential applications for natural and engineered microbial systems.

  20. An Audit Learning Experience: A Pilot Project through Cooperation with a Third Sector Organization

    Science.gov (United States)

    Tonge, Richard; Willett, Caroline

    2012-01-01

    This paper is a critical evaluation of a pilot cooperative education project conducted with a charitable organization in the UK. An action research approach was adopted. Final level students who are studying auditing have had the opportunity to apply the knowledge and skills they are developing through their studies to a real-life situation in the…

  1. Sociedad civil: una concepción radical

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Domingo García Marzá

    2012-02-01

    Full Text Available El presente trabajo tiene como objetivos presentar un concepto de sociedad civil desde una perspectiva crítica, una perspectiva que pueda dar razón del potencial de cambio y transformación social que encierra este ámbito de la interacción social. Con este fin, se adentra en primer lugar en la difícil relación entre democracia y sociedad civil, analizándola desde el paso de las democracias participativas a las democracias deliberativas. El carácter global de la sociedad civil y los problemas de realización práctica nos conducen, en segundo lugar, a la discusión de la propuesta de autores como J. Habermas y M. Kaldor, destacando las insuficiencias de sus respectivos enfoques. A continuación, y en discusión con los trabajos de J. Keane, se presenta una propuesta de definición y fundamentación del concepto de sociedad civil apoyado en una hermenéutica crítica, capaz de justificar su núcleo moral como ética de la sociedad civil y, al mismo tiempo, de sus posibilidades reales de aplicación. Por último, se propone el concepto de recursos morales para reconstruir las características básicas que definen a los recursos propios de la sociedad civil.The objective of this paper is to present a concept of civil society from a critical perspective that can explain the potential for change and social transformation encompassed within this sphere of social interaction. To this end, we first explore the difficult relationship between democracy and civil society, through an analysis of the shift from participative to deliberative democracy. The global character of civil society and the problems of its practical achievement lead us, in a second stage, to discuss proposals from authors such as J. Habermas and M. Kaldor, and to uncover the inadequacies of their respective approaches. This is followed by a proposal, arising from debate on the works of J. Keane, in which the concept of civil society is defined and grounded

  2. de la sociedad argentina

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Diego Galeano

    2007-01-01

    Full Text Available Este artículo trata sobre un período de la historia argentina en el cual la "mirada médica", a través de un grupo de prestigiosos intelectuales, se convirtió en una clave de interpretación de la sociedad argentina. El análisis gira en torno a la obra de uno de los médicos higienistas más influyentes, José María Ramos Mejía, deteniéndose especialmente en su libro más famoso: Las multitudes argentinas (1899. La hipótesis principal que recorre el texto es la siguiente: la medicalización de la sociedad, acentuada luego de las epidemias de cólera y fiebre amarilla de mediados del siglo XIX, ofreció a las elites públicas la posibilidad de construir dominios legítimos de intervención estatal. Intromisiones del Estado en la vida privada que, además de ser algo resistidas por la población, entraban en tensión con los principios teóricos del liberalismo que los propios miembros de la elite defendían.

  3. Sociedade e Sustentabilidade: qual o lugar do conhecimento?

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Maíra Baumgarten

    2014-12-01

    Full Text Available O texto aporta algumas considerações histórico-teóricas sobre as relações entre sociedade, conhecimento e sustentabilidade, buscando as intersecções desse debate com a problemática do desenvolvimento no mundo contemporâneo. A seguir são apresentados os artigos que integram o dossiê Sociedade, Conhecimentos e Sustentabilidade. Esses artigos têm em comum o enlace entre sociedade, ciência e sustentabilidade, ora trazendo controvérsias teóricas e colocando em discussão o próprio fazer científico e sua crítica, ora apresentando a temática da produção científica sobre sustentabilidade, observando arranjos conceituais, abordagens das interfaces entre humanos e não humanos, hibridismos, disciplinaridade e interdisciplinaridade. As tecnologias da informação e suas aplicações e repercussões sociais também estão presentes nas análises apresentadas, que abordam, de um lado, interações mediadas pela internet e sua capacidade para a criação de apoio social e, de outro lado, o aumento de desigualdades sociais no acesso a bens e a recursos característicos de uma sociedade com uso mais intensificado de tecnologias de informação e comunicação.

  4. Cooperation, trust and confidence

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Korver, T.; Oeij, P.R.A.; Urze, P.C.G.D.

    2007-01-01

    Environmental complexity may strain cooperative relationships, both within and beyond organizations, for two reasons. First, when complexity implies uncertainty the predictability of change disappears. Secondly, change may and often will entail different estimates of the cooperating partners on the

  5. Cooperative loading of multisite receptors with lanthanide containers: an approach for organized luminescent metallopolymers.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Babel, Lucille; Guénée, Laure; Besnard, Céline; Eliseeva, Svetlana V; Petoud, Stéphane; Piguet, Claude

    2018-01-14

    Metal-containing (bio)organic polymers are materials of continuously increasing importance for applications in energy storage and conversion, drug delivery, shape-memory items, supported catalysts, organic conductors and smart photonic devices. The embodiment of luminescent components provides a revolution in lighting and signaling with the ever-increasing development of polymeric light-emitting devices. Despite the unique properties expected from the introduction of optically and magnetically active lanthanides into organic polymers, the deficient control of the metal loading currently limits their design to empirical and poorly reproducible materials. We show here that the synthetic efforts required for producing soluble multi-site host systems L k are largely overcome by the virtue of reversible thermodynamics for mastering the metal loading with the help of only two parameters: (1) the affinity of the luminescent lanthanide container for a single binding site and (2) the cooperative effect which modulates the successive fixation of metallic units to adjacent sites. When unsymmetrical perfluorobenzene-trifluoroacetylacetonate co-ligands (pbta - ) are selected for balancing the charge of the trivalent lanthanide cations, Ln 3+ , in six-coordinate [Ln(pbta) 3 ] containers, the explored anti-cooperative complexation processes induce nearest-neighbor intermetallic interactions twice as large as thermal energy at room temperature ( RT = 2.5 kJ mol -1 ). These values have no precedent when using standard symmetrical containers and they pave the way for programming metal alternation in luminescent lanthanidopolymers.

  6. Beneficios fiscales de las sociedades cooperativas en Venezuela

    OpenAIRE

    Ramírez A., Héctor M.

    2013-01-01

    En la última década (período 2000-2010) en Venezuela, el número de sociedades cooperativas ha aumentado notablemente. Esto debido al énfasis por parte del Estado en promover la creación de estas asociaciones inmersas en la economía social, otorgando a las mismas diversos beneficios fiscales. La presente investigación tiene como objetivo, analizar los beneficios fiscales de las sociedades cooperativas en Venezuela. Se concluye, que las cooperativas poseen varios beneficios fi...

  7. La sociedad del conocimiento: inclusión o exclusión

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Herminia Moreno Ríos

    2012-01-01

    Full Text Available En la historia de todas las sociedades, el conocimiento ha sido monopolizado por una élite, que lo utiliza para conservar el poder, se crearon limitantes para excluir a la masa de los saberes relevantes que otorgan la supremacía a unos y confinan a la mayoría a un trabajo físico o menos remunerado. En la actualidad surge el término Sociedad del Conocimiento para designar a nuestra sociedad, denominación que pareciera poner al alcance de todos tan preciado saber, con este trabajo pretendemos analizar si este beneficio es para todos, o es una forma disfrazada para continuar excluyendo y marginando a una gran parte de la sociedad, ya que la realidad muestra solo a una humanidad que tiene mayor acceso a la información, por la tecnología de la comunicación y el Internet, pero esa información aún debe transformarse en conocimiento utilitario, lo que en realidad existe es una sociedad de la información, que realmente no asegura que se pueda compartir con todos, los beneficios que brinda el conocimiento conductor de las sociedades, únicamente ofrece los saberes necesarios para competir en un mundo globalizado en donde cada individuo, según sus capacidades y competencias, debe encontrar su lugar.

  8. The governance of cooperative societies

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Yaiza Juanes Sobradillo

    2005-12-01

    Full Text Available The present work aims to expose the appropriate legislation for cooperative societies to which Article 129 of the Spanish Constitution refers, deepen the analysis of the organs of management and control based on the Spanish and Basque Laws on Cooperatives and the Statute for the European Cooperative Societies.

  9. Tax cooperation among member states of European Union and Directive on administrative cooperation in the field of taxation

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Josimovski Aleksandar G.

    2013-01-01

    Full Text Available Countries have possibility to choose between several alternatives for cooperation in international tax matters at global level. They can decide not to cooperate or provide some form of tax cooperation. Because of harmful tax competition among countries and efforts of international organizations, all countries in the world are oblidged to comply with one of multiple alternatives for tax cooperation. Situation in European Union (hereinafter EU is specific. EU is not country or classic international organization. By the reason of its successful functioning, EU has need for tax cooperation. EU has attempted to harmonise tax policies of member states, but member states did not approve that. Only indirect taxes are harmonized on EU level, direct taxes are harmonized only to the point necessarily for functioning of single market. That is why tax cooperation instruments are so important. Object of this paper are procedures and measures, stipulated by the most important instrument in the field of tax cooperation enacted by institutions of EU, its development and status in international tax law. Regulatives and directives in field of tax cooperation in the EU are 'pioneers' in tax matters. EU instruments provide standards which are subsequently accepted by several international organizations - Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD and United Nations (UN. Our purpose is to present positive and negative aspects of tax cooperation in the EU. In time of crisis efficient tax cooperation provides higher revenues for the member states, on the other hand, taxpayers and tax administrations have increased expenses as result of tax cooperation which are not fairly distributed.

  10. The good governance and management  of cooperative societies under cooperative values: a didactic review

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    José Eduardo Souza de Miranda

    2005-12-01

    Full Text Available Regarding the administrative management of cooperative enterprises, the various cooperative laws establish the need to organize a social-democratic structure formed by all members of society.

  11. The Texts of the Agency's Co-operation Agreements with Regional Intergovernmental Organizations; Texte des Accords de Cooperation Conclus entre L'Agence et des Organisations Intergouvernementales Regionales

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    NONE

    1961-02-07

    The texts of the Agency's agreements for co-operation with the regional inter-governmental organizations listed below, together with the respective protocols authenticating them, are reproduced in this document in the order in which the agreements entered into force, for the information of all Members of the Agency [French] Le present document reproduit le texte des accords de cooperation que l'Agence a conclus avec les organisations intergouvernementales regionales enumerees ci-apres, ainsi que celui des protocoles validant lesdits accords. Le texte de ces instruments, classes dans l'ordre chronologique de leur entree en vigueur, est communique, pour information, a tous les Membres de l'Agence.

  12. Transitions towards sustainable agriculture: the organic apiculture niche in an Argentinean cooperative

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Maximiliano Vila Seoane

    2017-05-01

    Full Text Available This article argues that it is possible to transform innovation pathways in natural-resource-based industries towards more sustainable ones. In particular, it employs the socio-technical transitions framework to understand the structural barriers that the industrial agricultural system puts to COOPSOL, an Argentinean cooperative project of organic apiculture. The article is based on qualitative data that systematize, on the one hand, the pressures for continuity and change in the agricultural system. On the other hand, the data reveal the main perceptions of COOPSOL´s actors about the existing structural limits.

  13. La relación administrador-sociedad

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Luis Fernando Sabogal Bernal

    2010-07-01

    Full Text Available En este trabajo se aborda el tema de la naturaleza jurídica de la relación administrador – sociedad con el fin de dar una mayor claridad sobre el cuerpo de normas y principios jurídicos que definen la posición, facultades y poderes de los administradores de sociedades. En la primera parte se hace una síntesis de las principales doctrinas que explican esta relación en el derecho continental europeo y angloamericano; en la segunda se organizan y concretizan las diferentes soluciones al problema por parte de la legislación, la jurisprudencia y la doctrina nacional colombiana; y finalmente, en la tercera se propone una aproximación interpretativa propia del autor, intentando conciliar las posiciones extranjeras y nacionales de conformidad con la jurisprudencia y la legislación colombianas.

  14. La sociedad civil en el proceso de toma de decisiones

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Margarita Marín Aranguren

    2006-01-01

    Full Text Available ¿Qué es la sociedad civil? Es la pregunta más recurrente cuando se intentan explicar sus objetivos, alcances, impacto y fines. En este documento se recogen las distintas definiciones que en la teoría política se han dado acerca de la sociedad civil. Luego, se intenta demostrar la necesidad e importancia de las dinámicas efectivas que ejerce la sociedad civil sobre la gestión pública y su incidencia para el engrosamiento del capital social y el desarrollo democrático. Finalmente se propone que, posteriormente, desde la academia, se hagan análisis más precisos alrededor de las organizaciones no gubernamentales con posibles temas aún no investigados en Colombia como por ejemplo: la responsabilidad y la democratización; la tercerización de la sociedad civil, los pros y contras del marketing social, las ventajas y desventajas al hablar de ciudadanía corporativa, entre otros problemas que involucran a este actor

  15. La sociedad civil en el proceso de toma de decisiones

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Margarita Marín Aranguren

    2006-11-01

    Full Text Available ¿Qué es la sociedad civil? Es la pregunta más recurrente cuando se intentan explicar sus objetivos, alcances, impacto y fines. En este documento se recogen las distintas definiciones que en la teoría política se han dado acerca de la sociedad civil. Luego, se intenta demostrar la necesidad e importancia de las dinámicas efectivas que ejerce la sociedad civil sobre la gestión pública y su incidencia para el engrosamiento del capital social y el desarrollo democrático. Finalmente se propone que, posteriormente, desde la academia, se hagan análisis más precisos alrededor de las organizaciones no gubernamentales con posibles temas aún no investigados en Colombia como por ejemplo: la responsabilidad y la democratización; la tercerización de la sociedad civil, los pros y contras del marketing social, las ventajas y desventajas al hablar de ciudadanía corporativa, entre otros problemas que involucran a este actor.

  16. 76 FR 54235 - Supplement to the FY2010 Single-Source Cooperative Agreement With the World Health Organization...

    Science.gov (United States)

    2011-08-31

    ...''. BARDA currently funds the development of vaccine manufacturing capacity in ten developing and emerging-economy countries worldwide via a cooperative agreement with the World Health Organization (WHO). The... Research and Development Authority was developed and has been operational [[Page 54236

  17. Self-organized control in cooperative robots using a pattern formation principle

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Starke, Jens; Ellsaesser, Carmen; Fukuda, Toshio

    2011-01-01

    Self-organized modular approaches proved in nature to be robust and optimal and are a promising strategy to control future concepts of flexible and modular manufacturing processes. We show how this can be applied to a model of flexible manufacturing based on time-dependent robot-target assignment problems where robot teams have to serve manufacturing targets such that an objective function is optimized. Feasibility of the self-organized solutions can be guaranteed even for unpredictable situations like sudden changes in the demands or breakdowns of robots. As example an uncrewed space mission is visualized in a simulation where robots build a space station. - Highlights: → Adapting a pattern formation principle to control cooperative robots in a robust way. → Flexible manufacturing systems are modelled by time-dependent assignment problems. → Coupled selection equations guarantee feasibility of solutions. → Solution structure (permutations) is not destroyed by inhomogeneous growth rates. → Example of an uncrewed space mission shows effectivity and robustness.

  18. Farmers' Cooperatives in the EU: Policies, Strategies and Organization

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Bijman, J.; Iliopoulos, C.

    2014-01-01

    The importance of cooperatives for European farmers has often been claimed but empirical studies to support this claim are scarce. This special issue presents a number of articles on the recent development and status of agricultural cooperatives in the European Union, based on original data

  19. Links between internal and external cooperation in product development : An exploratory study

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Hillebrand, B; Biemans, WG

    While there is an overwhelming amount of publications on cooperation in product development projects, they mainly,focus on cooperation between business functions within an organization (internal cooperation) or on cooperation between organizations (external cooperation). Yet the relationship between

  20. Bases legales para la transformación de Sociedades Civiles en Sociedades Cooperativas

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Javier Divar Garteiz-Aurrecoa

    2013-12-01

    Full Text Available El Derecho interno vigente permite abiertamente la transformación de Sociedades Civiles con personalidad jurídica, Asociaciones y Fundaciones, en Cooperativas. Ello está además integrado en las propuestas del Parlamento Europeo en beneficio del empleo, la lucha contra la exclusión en la UE y el mantenimiento del bienestar social en la Unión.Recibido: 11.12.2012Aceptado: 20.04.2013

  1. 7 CFR 4285.2 - Cooperative agreement purposes.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-01-01

    ... agency to: (a) Conduct marketing research related to agricultural cooperatives. (b) Assist other organizations in conducting marketing research related to agricultural cooperatives. ... RURAL UTILITIES SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE COOPERATIVE AGREEMENTS Federal-State Research on...

  2. Why mussels stick together : spatial self-organization affects the evolution of cooperation

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    de Jager, Monique; Weissing, Franz J; van de Koppel, Johan

    2017-01-01

    Cooperation with neighbours may be crucial for the persistence of populations in stressful environments. Yet, cooperation is often not evolutionarily stable, since non-cooperative individuals can reap the benefits of cooperation without having to pay the costs associated with cooperation. Here we

  3. Assessment of persistency and bioaccumulation in pesticide registration frameworks within the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development.

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Montforts, Mark H M M

    This article describes the results of a survey conducted in 2003 on methods used by different member countries within the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) to evaluate persistent and bioaccumulative pesticides. The objectives were to establish the differences in taking

  4. Psiquismo y sociedad de la información

    OpenAIRE

    Robles Rodríguez, Francisco José; Caballero de la Torre, Vicente

    2009-01-01

    Se quiere mostrar la figura psíquica que podría explicar el entretejimiento entre las nociones de psiquismo y sociedad de la información; tal figura vendría a ser la de una suerte de individuo desfondado que se mostraría como el precipitado del psiquismo telemático característico de la sociedad de la información. A su vez, el desfondamiento inherente a tal forma de individualidad actuaría según una particular y evanescente lógica interna que cabría denominar mentalismo mágico.

  5. A UNIVERSIDADE E A "SOCIEDADE DA INFORMAÇÃO" LA UNIVERSIDAD Y LA "SOCIEDAD DE LA INFORMACIÓNS

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Maria Nélida González de Gómez

    2011-07-01

    Full Text Available Podemos dizer que a Sociedade da Informação ocupa o lugar e assume as expectativas que outrora eram projetadas na Modernidade. Para Habermas, o entendimento do presente passa por pensar no avançar desde e além da modernidade parcial, não já como superada (como quando se fala da pós-modernidade, nem como uma ficção a ser simplesmente negada (como quando se afirma que jamais fomos modernos. Trata-se de pensar, com esses pontos de partida, se estamos hoje a buscar soluções vicariantes ao déficit sistêmico daquela modernidade incompleta, ou se, superando uma modernização periférica ou tardia, empreendemos caminhos auto-reflexivos e inovadores para definir e construir novas configurações do conhecimento, da comunicação e da informação. Como resposta às demandas das quais a Sociedade da Informação é ao mesmo tempo sintoma, apelação e desafio, as Universidades do Brasil e da América Latina tem em suas mãos o poder e a dívida de nutrir as variáveis epistêmicas de processos e práticas auto-reflexivos, gerando novas formas de um diálogo polifônico entre as esferas quase-públicas das Ciências, as plurais redes das tradições locais e os dilemas universais, que colocam hoje um novo cosmopolitismo informacional à luz de um repensar geral do devir da humanidade. Palavras-chave Sociedade da informação; Universidade; Bibliotecas universitárias Resumen Podemos decir que la sociedad de la información ocupa el lugar y asume las expectativas que ya fueran proyectadas sobre la Modernidad. Para Habermas, entender el presente es pensar en avanzar desde y mas allá de una modernidad parcial, ni superada(como cuando se habla de la pós-modernidad, ni puramente una ficción a se negada (diciendo que nunca fuimos modernos. Se piensa, con esos puntos de partida, si hoy buscamos soluciones vicarias del déficit sistémico de aquella modernidad incompleta, o si, superando una modernización periférica o tardía, iniciamos caminos

  6. Transfer of knowledge in international cooperation: the Farmanguinhos - SMM case.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Silva, Samuel Araujo Gomes da; Duarte, Roberto Gonzalez; Castro, José Márcio de

    2017-01-01

    To analyze the influence of four mechanisms of knowledge transfer (training, technical visits, expatriation, and standard operating procedures) on the different dimensions (potential and realized) of absorptive capacity in international technical cooperation. We examine the case of implementation of the Sociedade Moçambicana de Medicamentos. Data have been collected using semi-structured interviews (applied to 21 professionals of the Sociedade Moçambicana de Medicamentos, Farmanguinhos, FIOCRUZ, and Itamaraty) and official documents. The data of the interviews have been submitted to content analysis, using the software NVivo. Training and technical visits directly influenced the acquisition and, partly, the assimilation of knowledge. Expatriation contributed with the transformation of this knowledge from the development and refinement of operational routines. Finally, the definition of standard operating procedures allowed the Mozambican technicians to be the actors of the transformation of the knowledge previously acquired and assimilated and, at the same time, it laid the foundations for a future exploration of the knowledge. Training and technical visits mainly influence the potential absorptive capacity, while expatriation and standard operating procedures most directly affect the realized absorptive capacity.

  7. ENVELHECIMENTO, CULTURA E SOCIEDADE

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Andréa Viude

    2010-01-01

    Full Text Available Este artigo discute a participação do eixo envelhecimento, cultura e sociedade no projeto político-pedagógico do Curso de Gerontologia da Escola de Artes, Ciências e Humanidades da Universidade de São Paulo – EACH/USP. O envelhecimento é discutido à luz do pensamento complexo. A heterogeneidade da velhice encontra-se presente ao longo de toda a discussão, com ênfase nos aspectos socioculturais do envelhecimento. Palavras-chave: envelhecimento; aspectos socioculturais; complexidade.

  8. Comunidades virtuais gerando identidades na sociedade em rede

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Cynthia Harumy Watanabe Corrêa

    2011-01-01

    Full Text Available

    A revolução tecnológica concentrada nas Tecnologias da Informação e da Comunicação (TICs, que possibilita a conexão mundial via redes de computadores, promove alterações significativas na base material da sociedade, ao estabelecer uma interdependência global entre os países e modificar as relações entre economia, Estado-nação e sociedade.  O uso crescente de redes como a Internet resultou na criação de um novo tipo de organização social, a sociedade em rede, que permite a formação de comunidades virtuais, grupos humanos constituídos pela identificação de interesses comuns.  Neste artigo, elaborado a partir de revisão teórica, abordaremos a formação dessas comunidades como uma estratégia do indivíduo para adquirir uma nova identidade, uma vez que as identidades culturais estão se fragmentando em conseqüência do processo de globalização, que é inerente à modernidade.

  9. Greed and Fear in Network Reciprocity: Implications for Cooperation among Organizations

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kitts, James A.; Leal, Diego F.; Felps, Will; Jones, Thomas M.; Berman, Shawn L.

    2016-01-01

    Extensive interdisciplinary literatures have built on the seminal spatial dilemmas model, which depicts the evolution of cooperation on regular lattices, with strategies propagating locally by relative fitness. In this model agents may cooperate with neighbors, paying an individual cost to enhance their collective welfare, or they may exploit cooperative neighbors and diminish collective welfare. Recent research has extended the model in numerous ways, incorporating behavioral noise, implementing other network topologies or adaptive networks, and employing alternative dynamics of replication. Although the underlying dilemma arises from two distinct dimensions—the gains for exploiting cooperative partners (Greed) and the cost of cooperating with exploitative partners (Fear)–most work following from the spatial dilemmas model has argued or assumed that the dilemma can be represented with a single parameter: This research has typically examined Greed or Fear in isolation, or a composite such as the K-index of Cooperation or the ratio of the benefit to cost of cooperation. We challenge this claim on theoretical grounds—showing that embedding interaction in networks generally leads Greed and Fear to have divergent, interactive, and highly nonlinear effects on cooperation at the macro level, even when individuals respond identically to Greed and Fear. Using computational experiments, we characterize both dynamic local behavior and long run outcomes across regions of this space. We also simulate interventions to investigate changes of Greed and Fear over time, showing how model behavior changes asymmetrically as boundaries in payoff space are crossed, leading some interventions to have irreversible effects on cooperation. We then replicate our experiments on inter-organizational network data derived from links through shared directors among 2,400 large US corporations, thus demonstrating our findings for Greed and Fear on a naturally-occurring network. In closing

  10. Movimiento estudiantil, sociedad civil, democracia y gobernabilidad en Venezuela: 2000-2010

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Egda Ortiz

    2013-01-01

    Full Text Available Este artículo tiene como objetivo explicar la relación entre movimiento estudiantil, sociedad civil, democracia y gobernabilidad en Venezuela. Se adelanta una revisión conceptual y teórica respecto a los aspectos mencionados para el período seleccionado. La gobernabilidad para este período se explica al encontrarse una interrelación histórica entre democracia, movimiento estudiantil y sociedad civil venezolana. La democracia es la construcción de consensos y mayorías políticas para realizar los. PNUD-OEA (2010. En el caso venezolano, los distintos actores políticos y sociales que conforman la sociedad civil han expresado la defensa de los valores democráticos desde las dictaduras del siglo pasado hasta la actualidad. Son las sociedades civiles las que amplían el espacio público de los derechos yde la conciencia social sobre éstos. Grzybowski (2004. Se concluye que la construcción democrática requiere de la participación de distintos actores políticos y sociales que intercambien valores, procesos e ideas en el seno de la sociedad civil venezolana; y en este proceso complejo de la última década el movimiento estudiantil y los ciudadanos en general han destacado en el rescate de la gobernabilidad y la democracia en el país

  11. Movimiento estudiantil, sociedad civil, democracia y gobernabilidad en Venezuela: 2000-2010

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Egda Ortiz

    2013-09-01

    Full Text Available Este artículo tiene como objetivo explicar la relación entre movimiento estudiantil, sociedad civil, democracia y gobernabilidad en Venezuela. Se adelanta una revisión conceptual y teórica respecto a los aspectos mencionados para el período seleccionado. La gobernabilidad para este período se explica al encontrarse una interrelación histórica entre democracia, movimiento estudiantil y sociedad civil venezolana. La democracia es la construcción de consensos y mayorías políticas para realizarlos. PNUD-OEA (2010. En el caso venezolano, los distintos actores políticos y sociales que conforman la sociedad civil han expresado la defensa de los valores democráticos desde las dictaduras del siglo pasado hasta la actualidad. Son las sociedades civiles las que amplían el espacio público de los derechos y de la conciencia social sobre éstos. Grzybowski (2004. Se concluye que la construcción democrática requiere de la participación de distintos actores políticos y sociales que intercambien valores, procesos e ideas en el seno de la sociedad civil venezolana; y en este proceso complejo de la última década el movimiento estudiantil y los ciudadanos en general han destacado en el rescate de la gobernabilidad y la democracia en el país.

  12. Why mussels stick together: spatial self-organization affects the evolution of cooperation

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    de Jager, M.; Weissing, F.J.; van de Koppel, J.

    2017-01-01

    Cooperation with neighbours may be crucial for the persistence of populations instressful environments. Yet, cooperation is often not evolutionarily stable, since noncooperativeindividuals can reap the benefits of cooperation without having to pay the costsassociated with cooperation. Here we show

  13. OECD (Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development) oil demand

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Huntington, H.G.

    1993-01-01

    Econometric response surfaces for nine different world oil models are estimated for aggregate oil demand with in the developed countries of the Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). The estimates are based upon scenario results reported for the 1989-2010 period in a recent model comparison study. The response surface approach provides a parsimonious summary of model responses. It enables one to estimate long-run price elasticities directly rather than to infer such responses from 20-year cross-scenario results. It also shows more directly the significant effect of initial demand conditions (in 1988) on future oil demand growth. Due to the dynamic nature of the oil demand response, past prices exert a strongly positive effect on future oil demands in some models, but little or even negative effect in other models. On the basis of this finding, we urge demand modellers to be much more explicit about what their systems reveal about the extent of disequilibrium embedded in their model's starting oil demand conditions. (author)

  14. LAS SOCIEDADES COOPERATIVAS DE SEGUNDO GRADO COMO INSTRUMENTO DE COOPERACIÓN ENTRE COOPERATIVAS: ASPECTOS ECONÓMICOS Y ORGANIZATIVOS

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Raquel Puentes Poyatos

    2010-07-01

    Full Text Available Our goal is to analyze the peculiarities of second degree cooperatives like a way of cooperation among cooperatives. We focus on the features that differentiate them from first degree cooperatives. For this purpose we specially emphasize on the organizational structure, mainly on their governance organs and on management. The importance of second degree cooperatives as a mean of cooperation to face up to environmental changes has been tested from a cooperative point of view. For this reason, we describe their relevance in Andalusia studying their evolution since 1964 till 2009.

  15. Foreign cooperative technology development and transfer

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Schassburger, R.J.; Robinson, R.A.

    1988-01-01

    It is the policy of the US Department of Energy (DOE) that, in pursuing the development of mined geologic repositories in the United States, the waste isolation program will continue to actively support international cooperation and exchange activities that are judged to be in the best interest of the program and in compliance with the Nuclear Waste Policy Act of 1982, Sec. 223. Because there are common technical issues and because technology development often requires large expenditures of funds and dedication of significant capital resources, it is advantageous to cooperate with foreign organizations carrying out similar activities. The DOE's Office of Civilian Radioactive Waste Management is working on cooperative nuclear waste isolation technology development programs with the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development/Nuclear Energy Agency (OECD/NEA), Canada's Atomic Energy of Canada, Limited (AECL), Sweden, Switzerland, and the Federal Republic of Germany. This paper describes recent technology results that have been obtained in DOE's foreign cooperative programs. Specific technology development studies are discussed for cooperative efforts with Canada, OECD/NEA, and a natural analog project in Brazil

  16. Evolution, epigenetics and cooperation.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Bateson, Patrick

    2014-04-01

    Explanations for biological evolution in terms of changes in gene frequencies refer to outcomes rather than process. Integrating epigenetic studies with older evolutionary theories has drawn attention to the ways in which evolution occurs. Adaptation at the level of the gene is givingway to adaptation at the level of the organism and higher-order assemblages of organisms. These ideas impact on the theories of how cooperation might have evolved. Two of the theories, i.e. that cooperating individuals are genetically related or that they cooperate for self-interested reasons, have been accepted for a long time. The idea that adaptation takes place at the level of groups is much more controversial. However, bringing together studies of development with those of evolution is taking away much of the heat in the debate about the evolution of group behaviour.

  17. Promotion of technical cooperation in the field of energy

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Yu, Jung Kyung; Jung, Duk Yung; Suh, Seong Seog; Park, Myung Nam; Kim, Young Mi; Cho, Moo Kyung [Korea Inst. of Energy Research, Taejon (Korea, Republic of)

    1995-12-01

    This study aims to improve the quality of human resources and the capability of research and development through the promotion of technical cooperation with foreign energy organizations possessing advanced technologies, and at the same time to contribute to internationalizing energy technology through the active involvement in multilateral technical cooperation programs with international organizations. To attain these aims, practical cooperative relations has been strengthened with 34 organizations from 11 countries including 6 organizations with which new cooperative agreements has been concluded in 1995 from the USA, Australia, China, and Russia, through the promotion of the continuous exchange of information and personnel, and international joint projects. And also the positive participation in technical cooperation programs and research projects organized or sponsored by APEC, IEA, UNDP, UNESCO, WEC has been made. In addition, for the improvement in research capability, 200 researchers has been dispatched abroad for the presentation of papers, of for the discussion of joint research projects, and 30 foreign experts through diverse overseas personnel exchange programs including Brain Pool Program were invited for the contribution of advancing research projects. (author). 8 figs., 15 tabs.

  18. The evolution of cooperation in spatial groups

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Zhang Jianlei; Zhang Chunyan; Chu Tianguang

    2011-01-01

    Research highlights: → We propose a model of evolutionary games in which individuals are organized into networked groups. → We show that the social dilemma can be resolved and high cooperation levels are attained. → Larger average group size would lead to lower cooperation level but higher average payoffs. → The results show that higher expectations can bring the system with larger average payoffs. - Abstract: Much of human cooperation remains an evolutionary riddle. There is evidence that individuals are often organized into groups in many social situations. Inspired by this observation, we propose a simple model of evolutionary public goods games in which individuals are organized into networked groups. Here, nodes in the network represent groups; the edges, connecting the nodes, refer to the interactions between the groups. Individuals establish public goods games with partners in the same group and migrate among neighboring groups depending on their payoffs and expectations. We show that the paradigmatic public goods social dilemma can be resolved and high cooperation levels are attained in structured groups, even in relatively harsh conditions for cooperation. Further, by means of numerical simulations and mean-field analysis, we arrive at the result: larger average group size and milder cooperation environment would lead to lower cooperation level but higher average payoffs of the entire population. Altogether, these results emphasize that our understanding of cooperation can be enhanced by investigations of how spatial groups of individuals affect the evolution dynamics, which might help in explaining the emergence and evolution of cooperation.

  19. Cooperatives management evaluation of four Savings and Credit Cooperatives of Quito, Ecuador

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Richard Joel Alba Caluguillin

    2017-07-01

    Full Text Available The administrative management in cooperative enterprises develops in each of the stages of the administrative process of the traditional companies, which are planning, organization, direction and control, with the only difference that the savings and credit cooperatives comply with cooperative principles and values such as mutual aid, social responsibility, democracy, equality, equity and solidarity. The objective of this research was to evaluate the process of administrative management in four selected savings and credit cooperatives from Quito city, Ecuador, were applied theoretical and empirical methods of research. From the empirical point of view, a survey was applied getting results from this process. In general, in the cooperatives evaluated, it was recognized the importance of comprehensive management, strategic planning, motivation as a key element for good job performance, the effectiveness of formal communication channels and other aspects inherent in administrative management, although there are certain deficiencies that limit the results of the cooperative activity.

  20. El desafío cultural en las sociedades del conocimiento

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Carmen Rodríguez Martínez

    2017-01-01

    Full Text Available Los cambios producidos por la revolución tecnológica y la globalización tienen una influencia decisiva en la formación de las nuevas sociedades del conocimiento, con un desafío cultural importante para la sociedad y las instituciones educativas. Para la educación implica desarrollar dos horizontes pedagógicos: una pedagogía de la consciencia y una pedagogía comunitaria.

  1. Highly Efficient Cooperative Catalysis by Co III (Porphyrin) Pairs in Interpenetrating Metal-Organic Frameworks

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Lin, Zekai; Zhang, Zhi-Ming; Chen, Yu-Sheng; Lin, Wenbin (UC); (Xiamen)

    2016-12-02

    A series of porous twofold interpenetrated In-CoIII(porphyrin) metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) were constructed by in situ metalation of porphyrin bridging ligands and used as efficient cooperative catalysts for the hydration of terminal alkynes. The twofold interpenetrating structure brings adjacent CoIII(porphyrins) in the two networks parallel to each other with a distance of about 8.8 Å, an ideal distance for the simultaneous activation of both substrates in alkyne hydration reactions. As a result, the In-CoIII(porphyrin) MOFs exhibit much higher (up to 38 times) catalytic activity than either homogeneous catalysts or MOF controls with isolated CoIII(porphyrin) centers, thus highlighting the potential application of MOFs in cooperative catalysis.

  2. O conhecimento e as tecnologias na sociedade da informação

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Alzira Karla Araújo da Silva

    2010-01-01

    Full Text Available Artículo de reflexión en torno a la sociedad de la información, la sociedad del conocimiento, el paradigma de la cibercultura y el papel de las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación en el progreso social. Se resaltan los factores de inclusión y exclusión sociales que se producen en la sociedad de la información, y se señalan las acciones, intenciones y necesidades que le son propias. La reflexión contribuye a caracterizar la sociedad de la información en tanto busca entenderla desde perspectivas sociales, culturales, económicas y de búsqueda de la ciudadanía. En especial, se analizan los nuevos entornos originados por la revolución tecnológica y su impacto en la información y el conocimiento en un mundo globalizado. Se reconoce que la educación es uno de los pilares de construcción de esa sociedad y se pone como ejemplo el caso de Brasil, donde hay un círculo virtuoso de avances en el uso intensivo de las tecnologias informativas en las escuelas y en la enseñanza superior, gracias a la creación de nuevos espacios públicos, políticas educacionales y el desarrollo tecnológico. Se concluye que la inclusión y democratización de la información son inseparables y determinates para la consolidación de la sociedad de la información.

  3. SOCIEDAD, PAZ Y GUERRA EN SAN AGUSTÍN

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    MIGUEL VERGARA VILLALOBOS

    2017-12-01

    Full Text Available Este trabajo analiza las nociones de sociedad, paz y guerra, en La ciudad de Dios, de San Agustín, a la que nos referimos principalmente según la edición bilingüe preparada por José Morán (1965. En una primera parte, a modo de introducción, se expone el argumento general del libro y se explica la teoría de las dos ciudades, la terrena y la de Dios. Enseguida se analiza la noción de sociedad, que se fundamenta en la justicia y en el interés común como camino para alcanzar la paz. Esto nos lleva a examinar la justicia, que para San Agustín es un concepto fundamental tanto en la ciudad terrena como en la ciudad de Dios. Teniendo este marco conceptual en cuanto la sociedad y la autoridad, se entra a discutir la paz, que representa uno de los aspectos centrales de la obra que comentamos. En contraste y como oposición a la paz se analiza la guerra; para nalizar con un tema cuyo origen clásicamente se atribuye a San Agustín, cual es la guerra justa.

  4. Sociedad del aprendizaje y tercera edad

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Agustín REQUEJO OSORIO

    2009-11-01

    Full Text Available RESUMEN: Desde hace tiempo se vienen analizando los fenómenos que acontecen en la denominada «sociedad cognitiva». Particularmente en Europa el tema cobra mayor interés a partir de la publicación: «Enseñary aprender: hacia la sociedad cognitiva».El presente artículo tiene como objetivo básico exponer los rasgos más importantes y las demandas de esta sociedad en relación con el grupo de personas cada vez más numeroso: las personas mayores o también denominadas de la «Tercera Edad».En este contexto se estudian las relaciones entre sociedad cognitiva y fenómeno demográfico que nos muestran un número cada vez más importante de personas mayores. Junto a este hecho sociológico se debate el problema de su formación a partir de los presupuestos de una educación permanente de carácter humanista y democrático frente a la visión neoliberal centrada en la propuesta unilateral del capital humano.Desde esta propuesta educativa se comentan los diversos programas que hoy existen para los mayores haciendo tanto un breve recorrido histórico de las distintas ofertas como un estudio de las más actuales que se realizan por parte de las universidades: universidades de la Tercera Edad, universidades de la Experiencia, «Cuartos Ciclos» universitarios para personas mayores.ABSTRACT: Analysis of the phenomena which occur in the so-called «cognitive society» has been going for a long time in education. Particulary in Europe, the issue of the «cognitive society» has gained interest since the publication of «Enseñar y aprender: hacia la sociedad cognitiva (Teaching and Learning: Aiming at the Cognitivy Society.The main purpose of this paper is to show the most relevant features and demands of this kind of society in relation to a group of people that is steadily growing in number: senior citizens (also named as the «Third Age».Within this context, we having studied the relations between the cognitive society and the demography, it can

  5. Personality, Organizational Culture, and Cooperation: Evidence from a Business Simulation.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Chatman, Jennifer A.; Barsade, Sigal G.

    1995-01-01

    Explored personal and situational sources of cooperation. Assessed MBA students' disposition to cooperate and randomly assigned them to simulated organizations emphasizing either collectivistic or individualistic cultural values. Coworkers rated cooperative subjects in collectivistic cultures as most cooperative. Cooperative people were most…

  6. IMPACTO DE LAS CATÁSTROFES NATURALES EN SOCIEDADES COLONIALES

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Margarita Gascón

    2005-01-01

    Full Text Available En este trabajo resaltamos la relación entre la dinámica de una sociedad y los cambios operados por catástrofes masivas, tanto en lo material como en la economía, la política y las ideas y valores religiosos. Examinamos casos coloniales, como la erupción del volcán Villarrica (1640 en el sur de Chile y otros terremotos destructivos del siglo XVII. Adoptaremos una perspectiva comparativa para mostrar cómo las catástrofes modifican las condiciones locales y provocan cambios en la vida de las sociedades coloniales.

  7. La gerencia pública en la sociedad post-industrial

    OpenAIRE

    Guerrero, Omar

    2005-01-01

    Hoy en día la sociedad postindustrial se manifiesta en cinco dimensiones: un sector económico; una distribución ocupacional; la centralidad del conocimiento teórico; una orientación del futuro con base en el control de la tecnología y una hechura de decisiones orientadas por la nueva tecnología intelectual. De ahí nace la motivación del presente trabajo, el cual consiste en analizar la gerencia pública en la sociedad postindustrial, a través del análisis documental. Así, en consonancia con la...

  8. La gerencia pública en la sociedad post-industrial

    OpenAIRE

    Omar Guerrero

    2005-01-01

    Hoy en día la sociedad postindustrial se manifiesta en cinco dimensiones: un sector económico; una distribución ocupacional; la centralidad del conocimiento teórico; una orientación del futuro con base en el control de la tecnología y una hechura de decisiones orientadas por la nueva tecnología intelectual. De ahí nace la motivación del presente trabajo, el cual consiste en analizar la gerencia pública en la sociedad postindustrial, a través del análisis documental. Así, en conson...

  9. Ageing as a price of cooperation and complexity: self-organization of complex systems causes the gradual deterioration of constituent networks.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kiss, Huba J M; Mihalik, Agoston; Nánási, Tibor; Ory, Bálint; Spiró, Zoltán; Soti, Csaba; Csermely, Peter

    2009-06-01

    The network concept is increasingly used for the description of complex systems. Here, we summarize key aspects of the evolvability and robustness of the hierarchical network set of macromolecules, cells, organisms and ecosystems. Listing the costs and benefits of cooperation as a necessary behaviour to build this network hierarchy, we outline the major hypothesis of the paper: the emergence of hierarchical complexity needs cooperation leading to the ageing (i.e. gradual deterioration) of the constituent networks. A stable environment develops cooperation leading to over-optimization, and forming an 'always-old' network, which accumulates damage, and dies in an apoptosis-like process. A rapidly changing environment develops competition forming a 'forever-young' network, which may suffer an occasional over-perturbation exhausting system resources, and causing death in a necrosis-like process. Giving a number of examples we demonstrate how cooperation evokes the gradual accumulation of damage typical to ageing. Finally, we show how various forms of cooperation and consequent ageing emerge as key elements in all major steps of evolution from the formation of protocells to the establishment of the globalized, modern human society.

  10. Sociedad y Salud. Curso 2010-2011

    OpenAIRE

    Ruiz Callado, Raúl; Fabregat Cabrera, María Elena

    2011-01-01

    Sociología de la salud. Determinantes sociales de la salud y la enfermedad. Desigualdades sociales en salud. Las organizaciones como sistemas. Estilos de vida y conductas de salud. Impacto de sociedad de consumo, la ciencia y la tecnología en la salud. Métodos de investigación social aplicados al ámbito de la salud.

  11. Oportunidades y desarrollo en las sociedades científicas estudiantiles

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Álvaro Mondragón-Cardona

    2013-01-01

    Full Text Available La formación en investigación desde el pregrado como competencia básica y parte fundamental de la educación médica continua y la formación integral, ha sido el punto de encuentro para las diferentes sociedades científicas de estudiantes de medicina de Latinoamérica, convirtiéndose así en el fundamento de la Federación Latinoamericana de Sociedades Científicas de Estudiantes de Medicina FELSOCEM

  12. Educación mediática en la sociedad actual

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Rosa García Ruíz

    2013-07-01

    Full Text Available La influencia de los medios de comunicación en la sociedad actual conlleva un cambio de actitud por parte de todos los ciudadanos, instituciones y organismos. De este modo, emana una incesante búsqueda de recursos, propuestas, investigaciones, iniciativas innovadoras y estrategias, relacionadas con la alfabetización mediática, que garantice la participación activa y responsable de la ciudadanía en la sociedad de las múltiples pantallas, como un derecho básico.

  13. Study on Banana Cooperatives in Hainan Province

    OpenAIRE

    Huang, Huide; Zhang, Wanzhen; Liu, Enping; Zhang, Xizhu

    2013-01-01

    This paper gives an overview of the distribution, member scale, production and operation of banana cooperatives in Hainan Province, and points out the market risk and natural risk faced by the production of banana cooperatives in Hainan Province. In order to promote the banana cooperatives to form new agricultural management system integrating organization and intensification, this paper puts forth the production and operation recommendations, such as joint production of banana cooperatives, ...

  14. Simulación educativa: Herramienta didáctica para educación Ciencia Tecnología y Sociedad en la disciplina Filosofía y Sociedad

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Graciela López-Chávez Martínez

    Full Text Available El perfeccionamiento de la disciplina Filosofía y Sociedad en la Educación Superior es una de la exigencias en los Lineamientos al VI Congreso del Partido Comunista de Cuba lo cual contribuye a la preparación de un profesional a la altura de los cambios científico tecnológicos que actualmente despliega la Educación Médica Superior cubana. Para el logro de este propósito se aplicó la simulación educativa como herramienta didáctica avanzada en temas de Ciencia Tecnología y Sociedad en la disciplina Filosofía y Sociedad, la que permitió a los educandos desarrollar habilidades investigativas, un pensamiento científico, político, económico y social así como elevar su nivel creativo y productivo.

  15. Utilizing an ANP framework for prioritizing effective criteria on performance management in cooperative organization

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Hosein Akhavan Alavi

    2012-09-01

    Full Text Available Performance management plays an essential role on increasing efficiency of business units. It helps find important barriers against a business unit helping us setup better strategies for handling troubles. In this paper, we present an empirical study to find important factors influencing performance management in cooperative organizations. The proposed study uses analytical hierarchy process to rank important factors in three groups of team level, individual and organization levels. The survey is based on receiving feedbacks from decision makers and making a pairwise comparison on measuring the relative importance of each criterion influencing performance management. The results of our survey indicate that setting appropriate standards for performance management is the most important item followed by relationship between organization structure and performance management, performance management based on future events. The other three factors including continuous improvement and updating systems, encouraging employee for change culture and relationship between future outlook and performance management are other important factors.

  16. Notas sobre la sociedad en la (prehistoria

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    A. GÓMEZ FUENTES

    2010-02-01

    Full Text Available Las relaciones sociales responden a la pregunta de cómo se sitúan los hombres en el proceso de la producción si atendemos a quién o quiénes son los propietarios o los poseedores de los útiles. Para el paleolítico —inferior, medio y superior— y aún después, claramente se ve que no se puede hablar de clasese sociales si éstas se definen a partir del concepto de propiedad o de posesión. ¿Qué se entiende por propiedad en la sociedad primitiva? Podríamos definir la propiedad como una posesión reconocida por los miembros de la sociedad, garantizada por las normas de vida de la comunidad, admitidas por tal sociedad y protegida por la costumbre o por la ley. Esta definición para época paleolítica no sirve. Decir que propiedad es una posesión es no intentar resolver el problema, porque tendríamos que preguntarnos inmediatamente qué se entiende por posesión en una época que grosso modo abarca desde 5,5 millones de años al 9000 a. n. e. Si examinamos la definición donde se habla de que la posesión está garantizada por las normas de vida en común y protegida por la costumbre o por la ley ¿cómo podemos investigar la norma, la costumbre o la ley durante el paleolítico inferior, medio o superior?

  17. Comunicação e culturas regionais e a sociedade digital no Brasil

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Doris Fagundes Haussen

    2010-11-01

    Full Text Available A globalização da economia e a evolução tecnológica têm provocado significativas alterações na sociedade. As fronteiras geográficas são atravessadas por referentes virtuais que incidem diretamente sobre acomunicação e a cultura. Este artigo propõe-se, assim, a analisar o fenômeno, procurando identificar a sua influência sobre a sociedade brasileira, sua cultura e identidade. Estuda, também, a inserção do País na sociedade digital.

  18. LA ADAPTACIÓN DE LAS SOCIEDADES COOPERATIVAS AL NUEVO PLAN GENERAL CONTABLE: ANÁLISIS DE LAS PRINCIPALES IMPLICACIONES ECONÓMICAS Y FINANCIERAS/THE ADJUSTMENT OF THE COOPERATIVE SOCIETIES TO THE NEW GENERAL ACCOUNTING PLAN: ANALYSIS OF THE PRINCIPAL ECONOMIC AND FINANCIAL IMPLICATIONS

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Javier ITURRIOZ DEL CAMPO

    2008-01-01

    Full Text Available La aprobación de la Ley 16/2007, de reforma y adaptación de la legislación mercantil en materia contable en España, así como del Plan General de Contabilidad, y del Plan General de Contabilidad para Pequeñas y Medianas Empresas, han permitido la incorporación de los nuevos criterios contables recogidos en la Normas Internacionales de Información Financiera (NIIF para dar respuesta al objetivo marcado desde la Unión Europa de favorecer la comparación de los estados contables elaborados en los distintos estados miembros, para contribuir así a incrementar la transparencia de los mercados en un entorno económico cada vez más global e internacional. No obstante, en el caso de las sociedades cooperativas, todavía está pendiente de publicación la correspondiente norma sectorial. Por ello, a lo largo de este trabajo se pretende analizar las implicaciones que tienen en las sociedades cooperativas tanto las novedades contables ya publicadas como los aspectos que deben ser fijados en la citada regulación sectorial atendiendo a sus características especiales. /The Law 16/2007, of reform and adjustment of the mercantile legislation about accounting in Spain, as well as of the General Plan of Accounting, and of the General Plan of Accounting for Small and Medium Companies, they have allowed the incorporation of the new accounting criteria gathered in International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS to give response to the aim marked from the European Union of favouring the comparison of the accounting forms elaborated in the different member states, to help to increase this way the transparency of the markets in an economic environment increasingly globally and internationally. Nevertheless, in case of the cooperative societies, the sectorial normative has not been published. This work centres on the analysis of the implications that have in the cooperative societies so much the accounting innovations already published as the aspects that

  19. En Otras Palabras... (Grupo Mujer Y Sociedad)

    OpenAIRE

    Herminia Gonzálvez Torralbo

    2006-01-01

    En otras palabras.... nace en Colombia en 1996 como una publicación especializada editada por el Grupo Mujer y Sociedad, Escuela de Estudios de Género de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia y la Corporación Casa de la Mujer de Bogotá.

  20. Analysis of the operation of the organs of internal control in the non agricultural cooperatives of the county of Pinar del Rio

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Alexis del Llano Sobrino

    2016-12-01

    Full Text Available The achievement of a good operation of any entity, demands a high efficiency in the acting of its organs of internal control. It guarantees it that they are detected and prevent the internal deficiencies that affect the achievement of the objectives of the company, on time either material, social and financial without to wait to that coming organisms from the exterior of the entity are those that detect the same ones. At the present time the Non Agricultural Cooperatives in Cuba, are not isolated of this problem, being evidenced structural and functional inadequacies of the organs of internal control in the same ones that affect their inspection processes as well as the control of the execution of the agreements of their General Assembly of Associates. For what is necessary to propose a structure and functions for the organs of the Non Agricultural Cooperatives that it contributes to the improvement of their internal control and consequently the improvement of their economic and social administration.

  1. UNA TEORÍA RETÓRICA DE LA SOCIEDAD

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Javier Hernández García

    2005-08-01

    Full Text Available Se plantea en este artículo la tesis de que la estrategia discursiva de Miguel Antonio Caro de integrar en una misma dinámica constituyente de la civilización a la Lengua y al ordenamiento social (como Autoridad, rinde jugosos frutos conceptuales. Al hacer posible la postulación de una correspondencia sustantiva entre una gramática de la lengua y una gramática de la sociedad (entendida como civilización, y partiendo de la elaboración de postulados histórico sociales entresacados de las ciencias del lenguaje de la época, por los que se establecen, entre otras cosas, diferencias sustantivas entre lenguas complejamente desarrolladas y lenguas de menor complejidad, se extrapola un modelo de jerarquización de las sociedades humanas y de los hombres que las hablan y desarrollan que naturaliza, retorizándolas, las gradaciones, contraposiciones, junturas y distanciamientos constitutivos de la vida social. Teniendo en cuenta que para Caro el lenguaje es el primero y necesario elemento de sociabilidad, éste se autoconstituye en el mismo juego de vectores que se entrecruzan y combinan, avanzan y retroceden configurando la sociedad-civilización en la que el lenguaje se despliega y encarna, en un compartido camino que integra tradición y progreso, superioridad e inferioridad, hegemonía y subordinación.

  2. International cooperation workshop on CTBTO international cooperation and national implementation for states from East and Southern Africa

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    2002-09-01

    In pursuant to its 2002 programme of work, the Provisional Technical Secretariat (PTS) of the Preparatory Commission of the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organization organized a workshop on CTBTO international cooperation and national implementation for states from East and Southern Africa in Nairobi, Kenya, from 18 to 20 June 2002. The summary report on the workshop has been provided, covering ways and means of promoting regional cooperation. The list of participants and the programme outline are annexed thereto

  3. International cooperation workshop on CTBTO international cooperation and national implementation for states from East and Southern Africa

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    NONE

    2002-09-01

    In pursuant to its 2002 programme of work, the Provisional Technical Secretariat (PTS) of the Preparatory Commission of the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organization organized a workshop on CTBTO international cooperation and national implementation for states from East and Southern Africa in Nairobi, Kenya, from 18 to 20 June 2002. The summary report on the workshop has been provided, covering ways and means of promoting regional cooperation. The list of participants and the programme outline are annexed thereto.

  4. O problema da desigualdade social na teoria da sociedade de Niklas Luhmann

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Roberto Dutra Torres Junior

    Full Text Available A teoria da sociedade de Niklas Luhmann é frequentemente acusada de conservadorismo, visto que negligencia a relevância das estruturas de desigualdade na sociedade moderna. Este artigo propõe uma leitura alternativa dessa teoria, a qual implica uma reconsideração do papel das estruturas de desigualdade para a reprodução dos sistemas sociais. O argumento principal é que as estruturas de desigualdade orientam o modo pelo qual os sistemas sociais selecionam os indivíduos para suas operações. Ao mesmo tempo, é feita uma defesa da tese luhmanniana sobre o primado da diferenciação funcional, pois, enquanto as estruturas de desigualdade podem variar, assumindo formas contingentes, cuja transformação não representa a transformação da sociedade, a diferenciação funcional, ao contrário, representa a própria identidade da sociedade, permanecendo como uma dimensão invariável e necessária nos horizontes de sentido da modernidade.

  5. Cooperative Security: New Horizons for International Order

    National Research Council Canada - National Science Library

    Cohen, Richard; Mihalka, Michael

    2001-01-01

    .... Both are controversial. Richard Cohen presents a compelling and highly original model of Cooperative Security -- a term that once was applied almost exclusively to the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE...

  6. Theoretical study on the cooperative exciton dissociation process based on dimensional and hot charge-transfer state effects in an organic photocell

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Shimazaki, Tomomi; Nakajima, Takahito

    2016-01-01

    This paper discusses the exciton dissociation process at the donor–acceptor interface in organic photocells. In our previous study, we introduced a local temperature to handle the hot charge-transfer (CT) state and calculated the exciton dissociation probability based on the 1D organic semiconductor model [T. Shimazaki and T. Nakajima, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 17, 12538 (2015)]. Although the hot CT state plays an essential role in exciton dissociations, the probabilities calculated are not high enough to efficiently separate bound electron–hole pairs. This paper focuses on the dimensional (entropy) effect together with the hot CT state effect and shows that cooperative behavior between both effects can improve the exciton dissociation process. In addition, we discuss cooperative effects with site-disorders and external-electric-fields.

  7. Cooperation prevails when individuals adjust their social ties.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Francisco C Santos

    2006-10-01

    Full Text Available Conventional evolutionary game theory predicts that natural selection favours the selfish and strong even though cooperative interactions thrive at all levels of organization in living systems. Recent investigations demonstrated that a limiting factor for the evolution of cooperative interactions is the way in which they are organized, cooperators becoming evolutionarily competitive whenever individuals are constrained to interact with few others along the edges of networks with low average connectivity. Despite this insight, the conundrum of cooperation remains since recent empirical data shows that real networks exhibit typically high average connectivity and associated single-to-broad-scale heterogeneity. Here, a computational model is constructed in which individuals are able to self-organize both their strategy and their social ties throughout evolution, based exclusively on their self-interest. We show that the entangled evolution of individual strategy and network structure constitutes a key mechanism for the sustainability of cooperation in social networks. For a given average connectivity of the population, there is a critical value for the ratio W between the time scales associated with the evolution of strategy and of structure above which cooperators wipe out defectors. Moreover, the emerging social networks exhibit an overall heterogeneity that accounts very well for the diversity of patterns recently found in acquired data on social networks. Finally, heterogeneity is found to become maximal when W reaches its critical value. These results show that simple topological dynamics reflecting the individual capacity for self-organization of social ties can produce realistic networks of high average connectivity with associated single-to-broad-scale heterogeneity. On the other hand, they show that cooperation cannot evolve as a result of "social viscosity" alone in heterogeneous networks with high average connectivity, requiring the

  8. Sociedad de la información: ¿utopía o panóptico?

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Octavio Islas

    2015-01-01

    Full Text Available Inicia con los conceptos de Sociedad de la Información. Evoca a estas como el tipo de sociedades deseables a las que nos conducirá la globalización. Hace una evaluación de los resultados de la Cumbre de la Sociedad de la Información, convocada por las Naciones Unidas en Suiza y se adentra en nuevas formas de informar y comunicar: los weblogs o bitácoras del Internet.

  9. Cooperativismo: uma experiência feminina na arte de produzir conquistas Cooperative: a female experience in the art of producing success

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Michelle da Silva Lima

    2012-04-01

    Full Text Available Neste trabalho busco analisar formas de mobilização feminina a partir de uma cooperativa habitacional cujas famílias cooperadas podem ser classificadas como membros das classes trabalhadoras. Essa cooperativa contou com apoio financeiro e técnico de uma ONG que a organizou por meio do regime de mutirão familiar da mão de obra para a construção de casas próprias. O cooperativismo proposto como nova forma de organização política e econômica da sociedade investe no poder de articulação coletiva acumulada na história das classes trabalhadoras. Ao atualizar princípios socioculturais importantes, como o espírito de solidariedade e a articulação da rede de sociabilidade, as mulheres cooperadas passaram a participar de tarefas tradicionalmente masculinas e a exercer um poder de liderança sutil e criativa, conferindo um sentido específico de coletividade ao grupo de famílias.In this paper I seek to examine ways of women mobilization in a working class Housing Cooperative. The cooperative under study had financial and technical support from an NGO, which helped to organize it through family workforce for self-construction. The cooperative proposed as a new form of political and economic organization of society invests in the power of collective articulation accumulated in the history of the working classes. When updating important socio-cultural principles, like the spirit of solidarity and articulation of the sociability network, the women members began to participate in traditionally masculine tasks and to exercise a subtle and creative leadership, giving a specific sense of collectiveness to the group of families.

  10. Educación compleja: Indisciplinar la sociedad

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Carlos Eduardo Maldonado

    2017-07-01

    Full Text Available Este artículo de investigación es eminentemente crítico y propositivo. Se plantea aquí la tesis de una educación modo complejo, la cual consiste, específicamente, en una indisciplinarización del conocimiento, de la sociedad y de las instituciones. Se aportan, por consiguiente, los argumentos que hacen posible comprender esta tesis. En primer lugar, se muestra qué y cómo la historia de Occidente ha sido la historia de la disciplinarización de la sociedad. Sobre esta base, el segundo argumento establece lo que puede ser considerado como el estado del arte de la indisciplinariedad. Seguidamente, se justifica por qué razón tiene sentido afirmar aquí la indisciplinarización del conocimiento. El cuarto argumento se concentra entonces en una educación modo complejo (que es mucho mejor que hablar de una educación compleja. Al final se extraen algunas conclusiones.

  11. Organic mixed farms in the landscape of a brook valley. How can a co-operative of organic farms contribute to ecological and aesthetic qualities of a landscape?

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Kuiper, J.

    1997-01-01

    Under which conditions would an organic mixed farm co-operative contribute to the aesthetic and ecological quality of the landscape? The orientation of people in space and time is considered an important aspect of aesthetic quality. To facilitate orientation in space and time a landscape should

  12. Maritime English for Communication and Cooperation.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Thiel, Teresa A.

    Because most maritime accidents are caused by human error, notably breakdowns in communication or cooperation, and because English is the international maritime language, instruction in maritime English for communication and cooperation is an important element in maritime education. The International Maritime Organization, a specialized agency of…

  13. Cooperative Change and the Myth of Rationality

    OpenAIRE

    Rokholt, Per Ove; Borgen, Svein Ole

    2000-01-01

    Much of the current research on agricultural cooperatives is biased towards weaknesses of the cooperative organization form. The literature says very little about the strengths and advantages of the cooperative form and what is necessary to develop the form's uniqueness into a sustainable competitive advantage. We argue that for cooperatives to remain viable and competitive, the advantages of the form must be clearly manifested. There is now a lack of systematic theorizing in this field. Typi...

  14. POPULAR COOPERATIVE RECYCLING: THE CASE OF COOPERATIVE RECYCLABLE MATERIAL RIBEIRÃO PRETO

    OpenAIRE

    Mantovani, Daielly Melina Nassif; Leite, Maria FLavia Barbosa

    2015-01-01

    The social cooperatives, in view of supportive economy, are pointed as a necessity to social inclusion of many marginalized employees in the work market and society. Thisarticlepresentsthe case oftheRecycling Material Cooperativefrom Ribeirão Preto (Cooperativa dos Catadores de Material Reciclável de Ribeirão Preto). The cooperative, in partner with a non-governmental organization (Casa das Mangueiras) tries to improve the social conditions of the employees and their fair social inclusion. Th...

  15. Efficiency in Microfinance Cooperatives

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    HARTARSKA, Valentina

    2012-12-01

    Full Text Available In recognition of cooperatives’ contribution to the socio-economic well-being of their participants, the United Nations has declared 2012 as the International Year of Cooperatives. Microfinance cooperatives make a large part of the microfinance industry. We study efficiency of microfinance cooperatives and provide estimates of the optimal size of such organizations. We employ the classical efficiency analysis consisting of estimating a system of equations and identify the optimal size of microfinance cooperatives in terms of their number of clients (outreach efficiency, as well as dollar value of lending and deposits (sustainability. We find that microfinance cooperatives have increasing returns to scale which means that the vast majority can lower cost if they become larger. We calculate that the optimal size is around $100 million in lending and half of that in deposits. We find less robust estimates in terms of reaching many clients with a range from 40,000 to 180,000 borrowers.

  16. State and regional systems of accounting for and control of nuclear materials cooperation between international, regional and states safeguards organizations: An evolving issue

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Fernández Moreno, Sonia

    2011-01-01

    Cooperation between the IAEA, States and regional organizations is increasingly important to ensure effective accountancy and control of nuclear material in peaceful uses. The IAEA, SAGSI2 and institutions such INMM3 and ESARDA4 have recognized the relevance and the evolving role that SSAC5 and regional organizations play to this aim. In this context, it is important to take steps to ensure the effectiveness of the system and the optimal level of relationship between these organizations so as to maximize the benefits for each party, particularly in those cases where well developed systems exist. Moreover, expansion of nuclear energy requires concerted efforts towards building competence in safeguards in all relevant States. This is also important with respect to other aspects of nonproliferation. In this scenario there is agreement on the need to have effective state organizations that fulfill international safeguards and other security obligations. However, the roles and duties of SSAC and the possible scope of cooperation between the IAEA and SSAC are still under evolution. This paper discusses possible ways and means to build competence in safeguards and how the international community could be more proactive in establishing a framework including the various dimensions of the cooperation in safeguards and other security matters between all parties concerned. The establishment of a forum and a network of interested parties under the auspice of interested organizations could be one mechanism to exchange best practices and experiences. (authors)

  17. Conference Report: "Knowledge Organization in Cooperative Learning and Working Environments". 8th Conference of the International Society for Knowledge Organization (ISKO), German Chapter

    OpenAIRE

    Doris A. Ohnesorge; H. Peter Ohly

    2003-01-01

    The report gives an overview of a conference that recognized and focused upon the fundamentals of knowledge organization as well asked questions and offered solutions for practice. The primary emphasis was given to the application of cooperative learning and working environments. The special value of this conference was the focus of the presentations and detailed discussions on current topics in the information sciences. Although the spectrum ranged from scientific to organizational environme...

  18. Introduction: cooperative learning

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    José-Manuel Serrano

    2014-10-01

    Full Text Available The principal objective of this revision is the recognition of cooperative learning as a highly effective strategy for the accomplishment of the general goals in learning. The different investigations assessed validate the potential that a cooperative organization of the classroom could entail for academic achievement, self-esteem, interpersonal attraction or social support. The solidity of the existing research contributes to its external and internal validity and, thus, to conclude that the results are consistent and can be extrapolated to different cultures, ethnic groups or countries.

  19. Enhancing Cooperativity in Bifunctional Acid–Pd Catalysts with Carboxylic Acid-Functionalized Organic Monolayers

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Coan, Patrick D. [Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado—Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States; Ellis, Lucas D. [Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado—Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States; Griffin, Michael B. [National Bioenergy Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States; Schwartz, Daniel K. [Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado—Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States; Medlin, J. Will [Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado—Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States

    2018-03-01

    Cooperative catalysts containing a combination of noble metal hydrogenation sites and Bronsted acid sites are critical for many reactions, including the deoxygenation (DO) of biomass-derived oxygenates in the upgrading of pyrolysis oil. One route toward the design of cooperative catalysts is to tether two different catalytically active functions so that they are in close proximity while avoiding undesirable interactions that can block active sites. Here, we deposited carboxylic acid (CA)-functionalized organophosphonate monolayers onto Al2O3-supported Pd nanoparticle catalysts to prepare bifunctional catalysts containing both Bronsted acid and metal sites. Modification with phosphonic acids (PAs) improved activity and selectivity for gas-phase DO reactions, but the degree of improvement was highly sensitive to both the presence and positioning of the CA group, suggesting a significant contribution from both the PA and CA sites. Short spacer lengths of 1-2 methylene groups between the phosphonate head and CA tail were found to yield the best DO rates and selectivities, whereas longer chains performed similarly to self-assembled monolayers having alkyl tails. Results from a combination of density functional theory and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy suggested that the enhanced catalyst performance on the optimally positioned CAs was due to the generation of strong acid sites on the Al2O3 support adjacent to the metal. Furthermore, the high activity of these sites was found to result from a hydrogen-bonded cyclic structure involving cooperativity between the phosphonate head group and CA tail function. More broadly, these results indicate that functional groups tethered to supports via organic ligands can influence catalytic chemistry on metal nanoparticles.

  20. 77 FR 9225 - Allegheny Electric Cooperative, Inc., et al. v. PJM Interconnection, L.L.C.; Organization of PJM...

    Science.gov (United States)

    2012-02-16

    ...-58-010] Allegheny Electric Cooperative, Inc., et al. v. PJM Interconnection, L.L.C.; Organization of PJM States, Inc., et al. v. PJM Interconnection, L.L.C.; Notice of Filing Take notice that on February... by section 18.17.4 of the Amended and Restated Operating Agreement of PJM Interconnection, L.L.C. and...

  1. Transfer of knowledge in international cooperation: the Farmanguinhos – SMM case

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Samuel Araujo Gomes da Silva

    2017-11-01

    Full Text Available ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To analyze the influence of four mechanisms of knowledge transfer (training, technical visits, expatriation, and standard operating procedures on the different dimensions (potential and realized of absorptive capacity in international technical cooperation. METHODS We examine the case of implementation of the Sociedade Moçambicana de Medicamentos. Data have been collected using semi-structured interviews (applied to 21 professionals of the Sociedade Moçambicana de Medicamentos, Farmanguinhos, FIOCRUZ, and Itamaraty and official documents. The data of the interviews have been submitted to content analysis, using the software NVivo. RESULTS Training and technical visits directly influenced the acquisition and, partly, the assimilation of knowledge. Expatriation contributed with the transformation of this knowledge from the development and refinement of operational routines. Finally, the definition of standard operating procedures allowed the Mozambican technicians to be the actors of the transformation of the knowledge previously acquired and assimilated and, at the same time, it laid the foundations for a future exploration of the knowledge. CONCLUSIONS Training and technical visits mainly influence the potential absorptive capacity, while expatriation and standard operating procedures most directly affect the realized absorptive capacity.

  2. Impacto de las catástrofes naturales en sociedades coloniales

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Margarita Gascón

    2005-04-01

    Full Text Available En este trabajo resaltamos la relación entre la dinámica de una sociedad y los cambios operados por catástrofes masivas, tanto en lo material como en la economía, la política y las ideas y valores religiosos. Examinamos casos coloniales, como la erupción del volcán Villarrica (1640 en el sur de Chile y otros terremotos destructivos del siglo XVII. Adoptaremos una perspectiva comparativa para mostrar cómo las catástrofes modifican las condiciones locales y provocan cambios en la vida de las sociedades coloniales.

  3. Japan's international cooperation programs on seismic safety of nuclear power plants

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Sanada, Akira

    1997-01-01

    MITI is promoting many international cooperation programs on nuclear safety area. The seismic safety of nuclear power plants (NPPs) is a one of most important cooperation areas. Experts from MITI and related organization join the multilateral cooperation programs carried out by international organization such as IAEA, OECD/NEA etc. MITI is also promoting bilateral cooperation programs such as information exchange meetings, training programs and seminars on nuclear safety with several countries. Concerning to the cooperation programs on seismic safety of NPPs such as information exchange and training, MITI shall continue and expand these programs. (J.P.N.)

  4. International cooperation in peaceful use of nuclear energy

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Filatkin, A.P.

    1985-01-01

    Main forms of international cooperation in peaceful use of nuclear energy are described. IAEA represents the organization called to establish the cooperation. For the purposes of wide nuclear power usage IAEA provides technical assistance to developing countries, conducting of meetings and conferences, accomplishes wide publishing activity and nuclear information exchange with the use of different data bases, including the INIS system, and coordinates the operating group activity through the INTOR program. Cooperation of socialist countries is accomplished in the framework of the CMEA. JINR, intimately connected with scientific organization of other countries including CERN, represents the center of nuclear investigations in socialist countries

  5. Responsibility, administration and social balance in the cooperative companies

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Juan Luis Alfonso Alemán

    2013-12-01

    Full Text Available The Declaration of Values and Cooperative Principles approved in the General Assembly of the International Cooperative Alliance (ACI, taken place in Manchester in 1995 he responds to the demands that it demands the modern cooperative, amid an environment that he/she forces to the consolidation of their cooperative identity. In this declaration the seven principles that govern the operation of all the organizations that you/they conform the cooperative, included movement the Cuban Agricultural Cooperatives settle down, however it is valid to clarify that in the Cuban case our Legislation outlines eleven principles that in a way or another coincides in its content with the seven settled down by the ACI. The execution of these principles demands from the cooperatives an instrument or evaluation mechanism that it considers so much its economic aspects as social. In their great one our majority organizations has instruments of economic administration that are shared by other managerial forms in many cases and they don't respond neither they contribute to the establishment of the cooperative ideal, to the consolidation of its true identity. It is for it that the cooperatives, in spite of its already grateful history and existence, they lack specifically in many places of mechanisms and administration methodologies cooperative.

  6. Strategies of EU agro-food cooperatives to confront globalization: The case of wine cooperatives

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Juan Sebastián Castillo Valero

    2013-06-01

    Full Text Available Due to globalization and market integration, the agro-food cooperative sector needs to be more competitive. This generates new challenges for cooperative enterprises in the agro-food sector. In this article the analysis of the wine producing sector is undertaken in the area of greatest world-wide wine production and commercialization, Castilla-La Mancha. EU wineries and cooperatives should propose strategic lines within an economy marked by a globalization process in world markets. The paradigmatic case is analyzed in this paper of the comparison of strategies followed by cooperatives confronting capitalist winery enterprises. Therefore, the degree of suitability is aimed to be elucidated and the success of the foundations of international commercial strategies that cooperative enterprises of the sector have followed, depending on their characteristics. Moreover, an exhaustive diagnosis is offered of the current strategic situation of cooperatives and their probability of gaining access to and/or growing in the international market. The parameters that have resulted significant are used as conclusions and recommendations so that cooperatives will reformulate their strategies and the organizations linked to the agro-food sector will know what factors to foment and support in their internationalization and global competitive positioning.

  7. Sociedad civil: una interpretación y una trayectoria

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Pérez-Díaz, Víctor

    1996-04-01

    Full Text Available Not available.

    El lector me permitirá quizá que le explique de entrada el propósito y el alcance de este brevísimo ensayo, anticipándole los temas de las tres partes que lo componen. Primero, explico lo que quiero decir con la expresión «sociedad civil». Con este fin, describo un tipo o carácter ideal de sociedad civil, en torno al cual he organizado un esquema conceptual que utilizo desde hace años en un amplio programa de investigación en ciencia social; y esbozo las líneas de demarcación entre mi uso de esa expresión y otros usos que se han hecho y se hacen tic ella. Segundo, reelaboro el proceso por el que comencé a utilizar este concepto a mediados de los años setenta. Se trata de un esbozo de reconstrucción, hipotético y fragmentario, del contexto de descubrimiento de aquel esquema conceptual. Es un flash back que me lleva de los primeros sesenta (podría haberme llevado más atrás a mi libro Estado, burocracia y sociedad civil, que escribí en 1976 (Pérez- Díaz, 1978. Tercero, tomo nota de los cambios en mi posición a lo largo de estos años, y me interrogo sobre algunos de los problemas que me han llevado de la concepción de 1976 a la que expongo en La primacía de la sociedad civil de 1993 (Pérez- Díaz, 1993, y en mis trabajos ulteriores, donde hay un desplazamiento sistemático del énfasis de mi trabajo desde lo que Hamo (en la Primada «sociedad civil sensu stricto» hacia la «sociedad civil sensu lato». La explicación podría radicar en la necesidad de revisar, ampliar y formalizar el esquema «acomodándolo»: uno, al proceso en curso de mis trabajos de investigación empírica, y a la importancia creciente en esos trabajos de los temas de autoridad pública, esfera pública y política pública; dos, al horizonte histórico del whithcring away del totalitarismo comunista; y tres, a mi interés creciente en los temas de tradición, instituciones y retórica. Aunque los

  8. Cooperation and Development: a study of case in network cooperation

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    June Alisson Westarb Cruz

    2009-03-01

    Full Text Available The need to develop new surviving strategies and competitive advantage by individuals and organizations make cooperation to obtain complementary competences and potentialities very important, through the insertion of social actors in multiple networks of relationships and interactions.  This research was made in an Association Network of Carrinheiros[1] located in Curitiba and in the coast of Paraná.  The objective of the study was to analyze the structural characteristics of the network and its implications to develop collective actions. The data was collected through questionnaires, interviews, document analysis, and the daily direct observation of the network.  An interaction system between individuals and organizations from various sectors in society could be verified. This interaction stimulates the structured work connected to associations and cooperatives.  Between the actors of the network, concepts and realities are different, as well as individual objectives are distinct.  However, they converge to a common general objective that establish a common base for collaborative work.

  9. Co-operatives and Normative Control

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Bregn, Kirsten; Jagd, Søren

    1992-01-01

    This paper explores the conditions for applying normative control in co-operatives. For normative control to be effective two conditions are found particularly important: Individuals must be morally involved and the organization must have a system of making it possible to link common norms...... and individual action. If these conditions are not fulfilled, as may be the case in many co-operatives, normative control cannot be expected to work. The problems of normative control in co-operatives may then not be caused by the use of normative control as such, but may instead be a problem of securing...

  10. La sociedad colombiana de fomento: empresarios bogotanos en 1920

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Javier Montes Calderón

    2015-02-01

    La información que se encuentra en los archivos notariales es de gran importancia para conocer los antecedentes, el capital y la organización inicial de las sociedades empresariales. Tal es el caso de LA SOCIEDAD COLOMBIANA DE FOMENTO, una empresa conformada por un grupo selecto de empresarios nacionales cuyos objetivos eran buscar la rentabilidad y el dasarrollo del país. En este sentido la empresa se propuso diferentes frentes de trabajo tanto en la industria como en los servicios. Si bien conocer el desarrollo de la misma hubiera sido lo más deseable, esto no se pudo lograr pues la información se quemó en el holocausto de la toma del palacio de Justicia en 1989...

  11. Eficiencia de las sociedades musicales de la Comunidad Valenciana || Efficiency of Musical Societies in the Valencian Community

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Rausell Koster, Pau

    2013-01-01

    Full Text Available Las aplicaciones empíricas basadas en los análisis de eficiencia resultan todavía muy escasas dentro del campo de las organizaciones culturales. En este trabajo se analiza la eficiencia mediante un modelo DEA output orientado no radial que se aplica a una muestra de 292 sociedades musicales de la Comunidad Valenciana. El interés en este tipo de asociación cultural radica tanto en su relevancia socio-económica como en su grado de territorialidad. Los resultados obtenidos indican que la eficiencia media de las sociedades musicales de la Comunidad Valenciana se sitúa en el 72,66% y apuntan hacia la existencia de determinadas especificidades en la oferta y la demanda de los mercados provinciales en que operan. || Empirical applications for assessing the efficiency in cultural organizations are still scarce. In this paper, we use a non-radial, output-oriented, DEA model for assessing the efficiency of a sample of 292 Musical Societies in the Valencian Community. The interest in this type of cultural organization lies in both its socio-economic relevance and its degree of territoriality. The achieved results show that the average efficiency of the Musical Societies stands at 72.66% and points out to the existence of certain specificities in the supply and demand for provincial markets in which they operate.

  12. Effects of R&D Cooperation to Innovation Performance in Open Innovation Environment

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Gao Liang

    2014-05-01

    Full Text Available Dynamic nonlinear characteristics of internal and external environment in modern organization shows up increasingly, which make innovative research breakthrough organizational boundaries and present a pattern of open mode, the traditional mode of innovation is facing huge challenges like increasing innovation cycle, huge R&D input and inefficient knowledge transfer. And cooperation with external organizations to implement R&D is definitely a possibility to solve the open innovation environment challenge. Since organizations often have multiple dimensions of cooperation with different types of organization for research and development for the influence of organizational innovation performance or for exploring cooperation at the same time in different areas, and in different types of institutions. This paper studied the innovation performance of relevant government agencies except such innovation organization as enterprises, universities, and research institutions for the first time. This paper tracked on a survey of China's national engineering technology research center in related situation from 2002 to 2011 and collected related data to research and development cooperation and innovation performance for empirical research. Study found that universities have advantages in richness, in knowledge itself and knowledge accessible extent, cooperation with university in R&D is the best choice to promote the innovation performance of the organization. While cooperating with domestic universities and domestic enterprises to carry out research and development has bad effect in organizational innovation performance; while cooperation with domestic institutions and foreign institutions in the research and development plays a positive role in promoting innovation.

  13. Rationalizing Cooperation: Moroccan Craft, Politics, and Education

    Science.gov (United States)

    Nicholas, Claire

    2018-01-01

    State attempts to rationalize Moroccan craft education reflect the ambivalent status of traditional knowledge in a modern economy. Female artisans, recently organized as a cooperative, navigate this ambivalence in a weaving "theory" class and in their "occupation" of the cooperative structure itself. During performances of…

  14. Cooperative catalysis designing efficient catalysts for synthesis

    CERN Document Server

    Peters, René

    2015-01-01

    Written by experts in the field, this is a much-needed overview of the rapidly emerging field of cooperative catalysis. The authors focus on the design and development of novel high-performance catalysts for applications in organic synthesis (particularly asymmetric synthesis), covering a broad range of topics, from the latest progress in Lewis acid / Br?nsted base catalysis to e.g. metal-assisted organocatalysis, cooperative metal/enzyme catalysis, and cooperative catalysis in polymerization reactions and on solid surfaces. The chapters are classified according to the type of cooperating acti

  15. The cooperative game theory of networks and hierarchies

    CERN Document Server

    Gilles, Robert P

    2010-01-01

    This book details standard concepts in cooperative game theory with applications to the analysis of social networks and hierarchical authority organizations. It covers the multi-linear extension, the Core, the Shapley value, and the cooperative potential.

  16. La autocontratación en el derecho de sociedades colombiano: deber de lealtad, interés social y vínculo jurídico administrador-sociedad

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Nicolás Gaitán Villaneda

    2013-12-01

    Full Text Available Con base en el artículo 23 de la Ley 222 de 1995, el cual establece los deberes generales de los administradores de sociedades en Colombia, se analiza un tema de especial interés para el derecho de sociedades: los conflictos de intereses, específicamente la autocontratación, toda vez que resulta ser una herramienta muy útil pero a la vez muy peligrosa para las compañías debido al poder que tienen los administradores en este tipo de transacciones. De esta manera y del artículo en mención surge el deber de lealtad como mecanismo de protección del interés social, pues obliga a los administradores a hacerlo prevalecer frente a cualquier interés personal de sus administradores o extrasociales. Sin embargo, para comprender y delimitar el alcance del deber referido es necesario analizar por un lado el concepto de interés social entendido en sus dos acepciones más importantes: la teoría contractualista y la teoría pluralista. Por el otro lado, la naturaleza de la relación entre los administradores y las sociedades a su cargo permite llenar los vacíos legales que se presenten en los casos de autocontratación. La finalidad, entonces, propuesta con este artículo es establecer la relación de todos estos elementos, esto es, deber de lealtad, interés social, naturaleza de la relación administrador-sociedad y la autocontratación.

  17. ¿Catastrofe o Nueva Sociedad? Modelo Mundial Latinoamericano

    International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

    ... necesaria el favorecer la recuperación de esta parte de la memoria en la construcción de un conjunto de ... La capacidad de las sociedades de pensar a largo plazo, revisando la evidencia existente ..... Plazo más corto (menos de 20 años).

  18. Japan`s international cooperation programs on seismic safety of nuclear power plants

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Sanada, Akira [Agency of Natural Resources and Energy, Tokyo (Japan)

    1997-03-01

    MITI is promoting many international cooperation programs on nuclear safety area. The seismic safety of nuclear power plants (NPPs) is a one of most important cooperation areas. Experts from MITI and related organization join the multilateral cooperation programs carried out by international organization such as IAEA, OECD/NEA etc. MITI is also promoting bilateral cooperation programs such as information exchange meetings, training programs and seminars on nuclear safety with several countries. Concerning to the cooperation programs on seismic safety of NPPs such as information exchange and training, MITI shall continue and expand these programs. (J.P.N.)

  19. CTBT and the international technical cooperation

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Zhang Lixing

    1999-01-01

    Having in mind the basic aim of the CTBTO this presentation covers the fields of international co-operation as one of the most important and the cooperation of China and some International research and development institutions concerning the related subjects. One of the most important among international organizations being the IAEA, detailed list of general circumstances in the Chinese cooperation with IAEA is presented. It covers nuclear power plants construction and operation, safety of nuclear facilities, nuclear fuel cycle, radiation protection and waste management, industrial application, agricultural application, human health, fundamental research and information dissemination

  20. Regional cooperation on nuclear safety

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kato, W.Y.; Chen, J.H.; Kim, D.H.; Simmons, R.B.V.; Surguri, S.

    1985-01-01

    A review has been conducted of a number of multi-national and bilateral arrangements between governments and between utility-sponsored organizations which provide the framework for international cooperation in the field of nuclear safety. These arrangements include the routine exchange operational data, experiences, technical reports and regulatory data, provision of special assistance when requested, collaboration in safety research, and the holding of international conferences and seminars. Areas which may be better suited for cooperation on a regional basis are identified. These areas include: exchange of operational data and experience, sharing of emergency planning information, and collaboration in safety research. Mechanisms to initiate regional cooperation in these areas are suggested

  1. La transición política en España: Una sociedad desmovilizada

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    CAYO SASTRE GARCÍA

    1997-01-01

    Full Text Available el proceso de redemocratizacion español se sustento en un pacto entre elites que gozaron de un amplio margen para la negociacion, favorecido por la existencia de una sociedad politicamente desmovilizada, tal como se pone en evidencia al estudiar la participacion politica no convencional de la sociedad española en el periodo 1975-78. en ningun caso se trata de desarrollar una explicacion alternativa a la transicion politica en españa basada en la desmovilizacion. lo que se pretende es mostrar que la desmovilizacion de la sociedad predemocratica favorecio la estrategia de cambio diseñada por las elites politicas españolas.

  2. El ahorro fiscal de las cooperativas en el impuesto sobre Sociedades en España

    OpenAIRE

    Herrero Blasco, Aurelio

    2015-01-01

    [ES] El objeto de este artículo es medir el ahorro fiscal que procede del Impuesto sobre Sociedades de las cooperativas en España para el período 1999-2009. La metodología utilizada ha sido un estudio longitudinal en el cual se ha analizado la recaudación total en España por tipos impositivos. Se ha analizado el Impuesto sobre Sociedades en general y posteriormente el Tipo Impositivo Efectivo (TIE) de las Sociedades Cooperativas. Los resultados más importantes son la constatación de diferenc...

  3. Economía o sociedad de la información

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Diego Fernando Cardona

    2005-12-01

    Full Text Available En la actualidad los países desarrollados se encuentran en una sociedad de la información representada por organizaciones inteligentes, ciudadanos informados y un sector de la información emergente. Es importante identificar el impacto que tiene para los países en sus diferentes niveles el uso de las Tecnologías de la Información y las Comunicaciones (TIC y evaluar si se encuentran en el estadio de la sociedad o sólo han llegado al de la economía de la información, porque de ello depende la definición de los requerimientos que los gobiernos deben suplir.

  4. Study on the Flexibility in Cross-Border Water Resources Cooperation Governance

    Science.gov (United States)

    Liu, Zongrui; Wang, Teng; Zhou, Li

    2018-02-01

    Flexible strategy is very important to cross-border cooperation in international rivers water resources, which may be employed to reconcile contradictions and ease conflicts. Flexible characters of cross-border cooperation in international rivers water resources could be analyzed and revealed, using flexible strategic management framework, by taking international cooperation protocols related to water from Transboundary Freshwater Disputes Database (TFDD) as samples from the number of cooperation issues, the amount of management layers and regulator agencies in cooperation organization and the categories of income (cost) distribution (allocation) mode. The research demonstrates that there are some flexible features of cross-border cooperation in international rivers water resources: Riparian countries would select relative diversification strategies related to water, tend to construct a flexible cooperation organization featured with moderate hierarchies from vertical perspective and simplified administrations from horizontal perspective, and adopt selective inducement modes to respect ‘joint and several liability’.

  5. Relaciones de poder en la sociedad patriarcal

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Villarreal Montoya, Ana Lucía

    2001-06-01

    Full Text Available Cotidianamente escuchamos y hablamos de relaciones de poder, pero cuando se trata de profundizar en el concepto en realidad es poco lo que se ha estudiado, por lo cual en este artículo se hace una revisión, desde lo macro - vida pública- a lo micro - vida privada -, con el propósito de elaborar una propuesta de cómo se puede entender este concepto. Se analizan varias propuestas, como las planteadas por los teóricos del intercambio, así como la de Clara Coria de que en la sociedad patriarcal las mujeres ejercen el poder oculto, el cual es la otra cara de la moneda del poder legítimo, que ejercen los hombres. Específicamente se trata de abrir un sendero que permita analizar dichas relaciones desde la teoría feminista, de la construcción de una sociedad en la cual las personas, sin importar su sexo/género, tengan la oportunidad de construir su proyecto de vida con libertad, sin prejuicios y estereotipos que les limiten campos de realización.

  6. Fifth Symposium on Pacific Energy Cooperation. Towards strengthening pacific energy cooperation (Participants list)

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    NONE

    1991-02-27

    This is a list of participants in the above-named conference held at Tokyo Prince Hotel in the period February 27-28, 1991, and other people related to the event. The chairman of Committee for Energy Policy Promotion, president of IEE (Institute of Energy Economics), Minister for International Trade and Industry, and Minister for Foreign Affairs were in attendance. Speakers and chairpersons were from various organizations, such as the Petronas, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Agency of Natural Resources and Energy, OECD (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development), Australia, PPT Migas, JCCP (Japan Cooperation Center Petroleum), Tokyo Electric Power Company, Inc., Indonesia, Tokyo University, Kansai Electric Power Company, Inc., Korea, Caltex Corporation, Thailand, Asian Development Bank, Latin America, Ministry of International Trade and Industry, 16th Conference of World Energy Council organizing committee, etc. Key persons met from the governments of countries in the Asia-Pacific region, energy research organizations, business and economic circles, research institutes, etc. The names in the list are grouped into two sections, domestic and overseas, and are in the alphabetical order. Also mentioned are the names of the ambassadors of New Zealand, Indonesia, Columbia, Malaysia, Canada, Australia, U.K., China, and Venezuela. (NEDO)

  7. Genetic architecture promotes the evolution and maintenance of cooperation.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Antoine Frénoy

    Full Text Available When cooperation has a direct cost and an indirect benefit, a selfish behavior is more likely to be selected for than an altruistic one. Kin and group selection do provide evolutionary explanations for the stability of cooperation in nature, but we still lack the full understanding of the genomic mechanisms that can prevent cheater invasion. In our study we used Aevol, an agent-based, in silico genomic platform to evolve populations of digital organisms that compete, reproduce, and cooperate by secreting a public good for tens of thousands of generations. We found that cooperating individuals may share a phenotype, defined as the amount of public good produced, but have very different abilities to resist cheater invasion. To understand the underlying genetic differences between cooperator types, we performed bio-inspired genomics analyses of our digital organisms by recording and comparing the locations of metabolic and secretion genes, as well as the relevant promoters and terminators. Association between metabolic and secretion genes (promoter sharing, overlap via frame shift or sense-antisense encoding was characteristic for populations with robust cooperation and was more likely to evolve when secretion was costly. In mutational analysis experiments, we demonstrated the potential evolutionary consequences of the genetic association by performing a large number of mutations and measuring their phenotypic and fitness effects. The non-cooperating mutants arising from the individuals with genetic association were more likely to have metabolic deleterious mutations that eventually lead to selection eliminating such mutants from the population due to the accompanying fitness decrease. Effectively, cooperation evolved to be protected and robust to mutations through entangled genetic architecture. Our results confirm the importance of second-order selection on evolutionary outcomes, uncover an important genetic mechanism for the evolution and

  8. REFLEXIONES: PETER CORNELIUS PLOCKBOY Y LA REPÚBLICA COOPERATIVA / PETER CORNELIUS PLOCKBOY AND THE CO-OPERATIVE REPUBLIC

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Javier DIVAR GARTEIZAURRECOA

    2010-04-01

    Full Text Available Plockboy y el cuaquerismo son los precursores del cooperativismo moderno. Las cooperativas son sociedades económicas para la “salvación de los pobres”. Su utilización por la política las desvirtúa, haciéndolas perder su carácter universal./ Plockboy and the cuaquerismo are the precursors of modern cooperatism. The cooperatives are economic societies for “salvation of the poor men ”. Its use by the policy weakens them, making lose them its universal character.

  9. Sexual health after breast cancer: Recommendations from the Spanish Menopause Society, Federación Española de Sociedades de Sexología, Sociedad Española de Médicos de Atención Primaria and Sociedad Española de Oncología Médica.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Mendoza, Nicolás; Molero, Francisca; Criado, Fermín; Cornellana, Mª Jesús; González, Encarna

    2017-11-01

    Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women. As survival rates are increasing, the long-term health problems of survivors now need attention. Many survivors develop sexual disorders as a consequence of either the side-effects of treatment or induced menopause. A panel of experts from various Spanish scientific societies (Spanish Menopause Society, SMS; Federación Española de Sociedades de Sexología, FESS; Sociedad Española de Médicos de Atención Primaria, SEMERGEN; and Sociedad Española de Oncología Médica) met to develop recommendations for the management of sexual health in breast cancer survivors based on the best evidence available. The main recommendation is that sexuality must be considered by a multidisciplinary team as an integral part of treatment, to improve the quality of life of breast cancer survivors. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  10. UNIVERSIDAD Y SOCIEDAD: LA UNIVERSIDAD COMO PALANCA DE TRANSFORMACIÓN SOCIAL

    OpenAIRE

    CULLEN, PATRICIO ALBERTO

    2011-01-01

    Es esencial instalar en la agenda de Gestión Universitaria la discusión política acerca de cuál debe ser hoy el rol de la Universidad en la sociedad. Se postula que no se ejerce el rol de mejora social que es competencia nata de la universidad, como agente principal de producción y distribución del conocimiento. Se ha configurado una deserción que es preciso revertir para transformar la universidad en palanca para sacudir y empezar a cambiar la sociedad. La universidad debe ser un agente d...

  11. La disolución de las Sociedades Mercantiles: Causa ex voluntate

    OpenAIRE

    Huertas López, Josefa

    2014-01-01

    Estudiando el Derecho Mercantil, se encuentra todo lo referente a las sociedades mercantiles, empezando por su constitución, transformación, fusión, escisión hasta de su extinción. Este estudio pese a la complejidad de su título, se centra en la disolución de las sociedades mercantiles y en concreto en la disolución por “CAUSA EX VOLUNTATE”. Diversos son los criterios que han utilizado los distintos autores a lo largo del tiempo para agruparlas, centrándose en las causas de disolución (arts. ...

  12. States, Social Capital and Cooperation

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Anthony, Denise L.; Campbell, John L.

    2011-01-01

    This paper reflects on Elinor Ostrom’s classic book, Governing the Commons, and much work in sociology, political science and organization studies that has appeared since its publication. We do so in order to expand our understanding of the conditions under which cooperation occurs resulting...... in the production of collective goods. We explore two issues that were underdeveloped in her book that have subsequently received much attention. First, we discuss how states can facilitate cooperative behavior short of coercively imposing it on actors. Second, we discuss how social capital can facilitate...... or undermine cooperative behavior. In both cases we focus on the important mechanisms by which each one contributes to the development of cooperative behavior and collective goods. We conclude by extending our arguments to a brief analysis of one of the world’s newest and largest collective goods...

  13. Institutionalising co-operation : a study of the Elysée treaty and Franco-German co-operation 1963-1993

    OpenAIRE

    Sverdrup, Bjørn Otto

    1994-01-01

    "INSTITUTIONALISING CO-OPERATION. A STUDY OF THE ELYSÉE TREATY AND FRANCO-GERMAN CO-OPERATION 1963-93" In 1963, France and Germany completed 'The Franco-German Treaty on Organization and Principles of Co-operation', the so-called Elysée Treaty. The Elysée Treaty, and its protocols, are in this study viewed as a political institution, hence the Elysée Treaty will be referred to as the Franco-German institution. This study seeks to answer the question of how the Franco-German institution has...

  14. A Sociedade de Consumo e os Adolescentes: uma visão sobre as relações escolares frente à sociedade de consumo

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Tatiana Vanesca Wasum

    2012-08-01

    Full Text Available Os efeitos dos valores reproduzidos na sociedade de consumo, tais como o individualismo, a competição por status, a imitação e o exibicionismo, podem refletir nas relações escolares. Partindo desse princípio, se faz necessário propor reflexões sobre a cultura e a sociedade de consumo, relacionando-as com realidades vivenciadas na escola, como a violência entre colegas e as suas causas, torna-se significativo nos dias atuais. O presente artigo busca investigar se os adolescentes de baixa renda são afetados pelas imposições da sociedade de consumo ou como os valores impostos pela indústria cultural atingem as relações dos alunos de uma escola pública. Este trabalho apresenta o resultado de encontros de grupos focais realizados com alunos das oitavas séries de uma escola pública em São Jerônimo/RS. A partir de algumas imagens, procurei questionar os adolescentes se o consumo de produtos e serviços “da moda” seria capaz de deixálos mais felizes. Muitos dos alunos ouvidos nos grupos focais demonstraram, em suas falas, sentimentos de rejeição, diferença ou exclusão em relação aos adolescentes que demonstram mais condições econômicas pela capacidade de consumo destes. As relações escolares parecem ser afetadas pelos valores como o individualismo, a competição por status, a imitação e o exibicionismo.

  15. Sociedad civil / sociedad informacional: redes sociales basadas en tic en argentina

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Susana Finquelievich

    2011-01-01

    Full Text Available Este trabajo es una contribución al estudio sobre las redes sociales sustentadas por Tecnologías de Información y Comunicación (TICs, en relación con el proceso de apropiación social de las TICs como instrumentos de comunicación y organización social para el desarrollo local. Definimos este desarrollo como el empoderamiento de organizaciones intermedias y de base, movimientos y movilizaciones populares y, en general, de entidades y organizaciones comprometidas con el apoyo popular a nivel local, y sus interacciones con otros actores sociales, como el sector público, el privado y el académico, para el progreso económico y social de la comunidad en su conjunto. A fin de ilustrar las consecuencias y desarrollos de esta perspectiva, se estudia la evolución del uso de TIC en las organizaciones de la sociedad civil en Argentina y específicamente, aquellas con sede en la ciudad de Buenos Aires.

  16. Totalitarismo, tecnocracia e sociedade de massas: uma reflexão sobre a distopia na sociedade contemporânea e a contribuição da filosofia da tecnologia

    OpenAIRE

    Cecília de Sousa Neves

    2017-01-01

    Este artigo visa explorar a articulação intrínseca entre tecnocracia, totalitarismo e sociedade de massa enquanto fenômenos interdependentes, cuja convergência introduz a distopia em seu paroxismo e atualidade. Utilizaremos como fio condutor de nossa reflexão o livro Admirável mundo novo escrito por Aldous Huxley, bem como o background propiciado pela atual filosofia da tecnologia. Visto que vivemos em uma sociedade de massas governada por um estado com traços claramente totalitários e cujo p...

  17. Online discovery of cooperative structures in business processes

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    van Zelst, S. J.; van Dongen, B.F.; van der Aalst, W.M.P.; Debruyne, C.; Panetto, H.; Meersman, R.; Dillon, T.; Kühn, E.; O'Sullivan, D.; Agostino Ardagna, C.

    2016-01-01

    Process mining is a data-driven technique aiming to provide novel insights and help organizations to improve their business processes. In this paper, we focus on the cooperative aspect of process mining, i.e., discovering networks of cooperating resources that together perform processes. We use

  18. UNO contribution to attract energy investments in transition economy countries in cooperation with international organizations, banks, and the business community

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Groza, L.

    1996-01-01

    Limited financial resources hamper the ability of transition economy countries to take advantage of recent technological progress in energy production, distribution, and consumption. Increased cooperation within and outside the UN system imposed new approaches and action programs to identify financing channels in view of implementing the economic development projects. Since the CNE'94 round table discussions on the role of the UN Economic Commission for Europe in energy cooperation for sustainable development and assistance for transition economy countries, new actions initiated by UN are supported by international organizations, banks, and the business community. The paper is based on recent UN documents, data, and information after six years of reforms. (author). 14 refs

  19. NetCooperate: a network-based tool for inferring host-microbe and microbe-microbe cooperation.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Levy, Roie; Carr, Rogan; Kreimer, Anat; Freilich, Shiri; Borenstein, Elhanan

    2015-05-17

    Host-microbe and microbe-microbe interactions are often governed by the complex exchange of metabolites. Such interactions play a key role in determining the way pathogenic and commensal species impact their host and in the assembly of complex microbial communities. Recently, several studies have demonstrated how such interactions are reflected in the organization of the metabolic networks of the interacting species, and introduced various graph theory-based methods to predict host-microbe and microbe-microbe interactions directly from network topology. Using these methods, such studies have revealed evolutionary and ecological processes that shape species interactions and community assembly, highlighting the potential of this reverse-ecology research paradigm. NetCooperate is a web-based tool and a software package for determining host-microbe and microbe-microbe cooperative potential. It specifically calculates two previously developed and validated metrics for species interaction: the Biosynthetic Support Score which quantifies the ability of a host species to supply the nutritional requirements of a parasitic or a commensal species, and the Metabolic Complementarity Index which quantifies the complementarity of a pair of microbial organisms' niches. NetCooperate takes as input a pair of metabolic networks, and returns the pairwise metrics as well as a list of potential syntrophic metabolic compounds. The Biosynthetic Support Score and Metabolic Complementarity Index provide insight into host-microbe and microbe-microbe metabolic interactions. NetCooperate determines these interaction indices from metabolic network topology, and can be used for small- or large-scale analyses. NetCooperate is provided as both a web-based tool and an open-source Python module; both are freely available online at http://elbo.gs.washington.edu/software_netcooperate.html.

  20. Desenvolvimento sustentável e a sociedade da informação: uma parceria natural?

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ariadne C. Furnival

    Full Text Available Nci forma de uma revisão da literatura, é examinada a hipótese de que o advento da cliamada "sociedade pós industrial" ou "sociedade da informação" tem dado lugar a um período de atividade socio-econômico que representa uma mudança radical do modo anterior de desenvolvimento. E discutido o consenso de que a dinâmica desta nova forma de sociedade favorece um tipo de desenvolvimento econômico e social ecologicamente mais sustentável, principalmente porque o novo paradigma tem como seu eixo a informação e atividades relacionadas a ela, o que promoveria uma suposta "desmaterialização" da sociedade. A questão das formas com as quais este novo paradigma de desenvolvimento pode, ou não, afetar os chamados "países recém desenvolvidos" é também discutida.

  1. COOPERATION AND COORDINATION BETWEEN INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL AUDITING

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    DIANA DUMITRESCU

    2016-02-01

    Full Text Available Between external and internal auditors it is necessary to be a good cooperation and coordination; both professionals have to be involved in building a good working relationship. Objectives of the external and internal auditors are different from the company point of view, but in the achievement of the specific goals, there are interactions and work cooperation. If the internal auditors work together with the external auditors the results will be an increasing of the quality and the effectiveness of the organization`s systems and activities. If the external auditors work together with the internal auditors will result a decreasing of the amount of the testing they do, and as consequences’ a reducing of the fees. Because there are many benefits of the cooperation between external and internal auditing it is important to find out how could be coordinated these two professional activities. This study has the purpose to examine the most important provisions that promote such kind of cooperation and work like necessary tools for coordination and to identify the Romanian`s internal and external auditors perceptions regarding that cooperation and coordination. The objective of the study is to identify the nature of the relationship between the internal audit function and the organizations’ external auditors regarding their interactions and their cooperation.

  2. Doação de órgãos e tecidos: relação com o corpo em nossa sociedade Donación de órganos y tejidos: relación con el cuerpo en nuestra sociedad Organ and tissues donation: relation with the body in our society

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Bartira De Aguiar Roza

    2010-06-01

    rito funerario en la cultura de nuestra sociedad. Las acciones que aseguren una secuencia ética-legal definida por la legislación de trasplantes, presuponen un compromiso con la calidad y seguridad del proceso de la donación de órganos y tejidos, que debe ser rigurosamente seguida por los profesionales que trabajan en esta área. Así, se espera que esas actitudes puedan construir una cultura positiva en materia de donaciones, en el país, contribuyendo en el largo plazo al aumento de las tasas de donación.This is a study of literature review aimed to develop theoretical considerations on the donation of organs and tissues and on its relationship with the human body, in our society. Increasing donation rates depends on a perspective that goes beyond the technical issues of the process of donating organs and tissues. Several countries, with large time frame experience, working systematically in this process with an approach that incorporates social and ethical aspects, based on volunteers, and respecting the families right to autonomy of potential donors. Accompanying the body, after donation, usually requested by the family, represents the beginning of mourning for the death of a relative, which is part of the funeral ritual in the culture of our society. The actions to ensure an ethical-legal sequence, defined by the law of transplants, imply a commitment to quality and safety of the process of organ and tissue donation, which must be strictly followed by professionals working in this area. Thus, it is hoped that these attitudes can build a positive culture on the donation in the country, contributing in the long run to increase donation rates.

  3. Universidad, sociedad y conocimiento: reflexiones para el debate

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Norberto Fernández Lamarra

    2014-11-01

    Full Text Available El artículo presenta algunas reflexiones sobre la relación actual entre universidad, sociedad y políticas del conocimiento en Latinoamérica. Para ello, parte de considerar la situación pasada y presente de la educación superior en la región pero a la vez plantea sus interrogantes mirando hacia el futuro de los niños y jóvenes que hoy transitan las aulas de los sistemas educativos. Se consideran 4 ejes de análisis: "la Universidad que América Latina hubiese tenido", "la Universidad que tenemos", "Universidad y sociedad: su democratización" y "Universidad y conocimiento: la innovación". A través de ellos, y partiendo de un diagnóstico de la situación actual de los sistemas educativos en la región, sus mandatos fundacionales y sus promesas aún no cumplidas, se postula la necesidad de innovar. A modo de ejemplo, se plantea una reflexión a partir de los primeros resultados de una investigación desarrollada por el NIFEDE (UNTREF sobre la innovación en las universidades públicas en Argentina. El artículo concluye con algunas propuestas para una nueva Universidad en América Latina que se plantean en dos dimensiones. En primer lugar, una serie de desafíos que deben enfrentar las políticas para la educación superior en la región y en segundo lugar los desafíos que deben enfrentar las propias instituciones de nivel superior para que esas políticas logren los resultados que la Sociedad del Conocimiento hoy demanda a la Universidad.

  4. Cultura y sociedad en la era global. Entre gregarios y virtuales

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    César Pérez Jiménez

    2004-01-01

    Full Text Available Los procesos de globalización han transformado el tejido social moderno, determinando en gran medida las prácticas de significación cultural del siglo XXI. Hoy día existe un nuevo orden social definido por la franca separación entre poderosos y desfavorecidos como consecuencia de la incorporación de las Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación (TIC. Este trabajo cumple con el propósito de analizar la dinámica cultural y social en la era global desde la concepción de la membresía que originan las TIC en los colectivos sociales. Enfatizando sobre la morfología cultural y del espacio social, así como en los valores globales y su impacto en la construcción de las sociedades latinoamericanas democráticas, en el marco de la dialéctica global-local. Para ello se hace énfasis en los aportes del enfoque ciencia-tecnología-y-sociedad (CTS para explicar la vinculación del desarrollo tecnocientífico con las sociedades locales.

  5. Da sociedade de sociedades à insularidade do estado entre medievo e idade moderna

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Paolo Grossi

    2007-12-01

    Full Text Available O presente artigo tem por objetivo exploraras descontinuidades entre os universos medievale moderno, enfocando, para tanto, as diferentesformas de a dimensão jurídica relacionar-secom a dimensão política e social, que, sobre basesantropológicas profundamente distintas (primeirocomunitária e, depois, individualista, identificama contraposição entre a “sociedade de sociedades”de origem medieval, e a insularidade doEstado, caracteristicamente moderna.This article has by purpose to explorethe discontinuities between the middle-aged andmodern universes, focusing, so for, the differentways to the juridical dimension to relate with thepolitical and social dimension, that, overanthropological bases deeply distint (firstcommunitarian and then individualist, identify thecounterposition between the “society of societies”from middle-aged source,and the State insularity,characteristicly modern.

  6. Analyzing the Effectiveness of the Self-organized Public-Key Management System on MANETs under the Lack of Cooperation and the Impersonation Attacks

    Science.gov (United States)

    da Silva, Eduardo; Dos Santos, Aldri Luiz; Lima, Michele N.; Albini, Luiz Carlos Pessoa

    Among the key management schemes for MANETs, the Self-Organized Public-Key Management System (PGP-Like) is the main chaining-based key management scheme. It is fully self-organized and does not require any certificate authority. Two kinds of misbehavior attacks are considered to be great threats to PGP-Like: lack of cooperation and impersonation attacks. This work quantifies the impact of such attacks on the PGP-Like. Simulation results show that PGP-Like was able to maintain its effectiveness when submitted to the lack of cooperation attack, contradicting previously theoretical results. It correctly works even in the presence of more than 60% of misbehaving nodes, although the convergence time is affected with only 20% of misbehaving nodes. On the other hand, PGP-Like is completely vulnerable to the impersonation attack. Its functionality is affected with just 5% of misbehaving nodes, confirming previously theoretical results.

  7. Systematic, Cooperative Evaluation.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Nassif, Paula M.

    Evaluation procedures based on a systematic evaluation methodology, decision-maker validity, new measurement and design techniques, low cost, and a high level of cooperation on the part of the school staff were used in the assessment of a public school mathematics program for grades 3-8. The mathematics curriculum was organized into Spirals which…

  8. La educación en el marco de una sociedad global: algunos principios y nuevas exigencias

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    José Tejada Fernández

    2000-01-01

    Full Text Available El presente artículo sobre la «Educación en el marco de una sociedad global: principios y nuevas exigencias», pretende centrar algunas de los rasgos de la sociedad actual (globalización, multiculturalismo, revolución tecnológica e incertidumbre a partir de los cuales ha de operar la educación. Esto conlleva un conjunto de cambios (estructurales y en la propia práctica, fundamentados en nuevos principios, y por tanto, nuevas exigencias para que la educación pueda dar respuesta en dicha sociedad.

  9. Wnt ligands signal in a cooperative manner to promote foregut organogenesis

    OpenAIRE

    Miller, Mayumi F.; Cohen, Ethan David; Baggs, Julie E.; Lu, Min Min; Hogenesch, John B.; Morrisey, Edward E.

    2012-01-01

    Endoderm-mesenchyme cross-talk is a central process in the development of foregut-derived organs. How signaling pathways integrate the activity of multiple ligands to guide organ development is poorly understood. We show that two Wnt ligands, Wnt2 and Wnt7b, cooperatively induce Wnt signaling without affecting the stabilization of the Wnt canonical effector β-catenin despite it being necessary for Wnt2–Wnt7b cooperativity. Wnt2–Wnt7b cooperation is specific for mesenchymal cell lineages and t...

  10. The Impact of HIV/AIDS on the Socio-Economic Development in Kenya's Cooperative Sector: An Empirical Analysis of Cooperatives in Nairobi Province

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Nyongesa, D.J.W.; M'mboyi, F.

    2002-01-01

    A lot of stigma is attached to HIV/AIDS pandemic in Kenya. Many organizations have tried and continue trying to educate the public on this scourge. However, none of these organizations has thought of the cooperative sector. This research is unique because it examines the Impact of HIV/AIDS on the Socio-economic Development of Kenya's Cooperative sector. It is an empirical analysis of Cooperatives in Nairobi Province with special reference to the Savings and Credit Cooperatives (SACCOS). It was a joint research that examined HIV/AIDS from a multidisciplinary approach. The general objective was to identify and quantify the effects of HIV/AIDS on the performance of cooperative societies, particularly the impact of HIV/AIDS on savings, share capital, age groups and gender. Questionnaires were administered to a randomly selected sample of cooperative societies in the province. PCGIVE computer package was used to run regressions on simultaneous and recursive models. The findings clearly show that between 1991 and 2000 cooperatives in Nairobi province lost approximately USD 479 million due to HIV/AIDS pandemic. Besides, though savings, share capital and assets increased significantly, the scourge was negative the gains. Of the dead and the infected, females and ages between 18-48 were more affected by the epidemic. Policy specify recommendations vital for containment of HIV/AIDS in the cooperative sub sector of the Kenyan economy are made. These are with a view to classifying the appropriate roles of both public and private sectors in fighting the HIV/AIDS pandemic within the cooperative sector. Last but not least further areas of research are suggested

  11. Social learning in cooperative dilemmas.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Lamba, Shakti

    2014-07-22

    Helping is a cornerstone of social organization and commonplace in human societies. A major challenge for the evolutionary sciences is to explain how cooperation is maintained in large populations with high levels of migration, conditions under which cooperators can be exploited by selfish individuals. Cultural group selection models posit that such large-scale cooperation evolves via selection acting on populations among which behavioural variation is maintained by the cultural transmission of cooperative norms. These models assume that individuals acquire cooperative strategies via social learning. This assumption remains empirically untested. Here, I test this by investigating whether individuals employ conformist or payoff-biased learning in public goods games conducted in 14 villages of a forager-horticulturist society, the Pahari Korwa of India. Individuals did not show a clear tendency to conform or to be payoff-biased and are highly variable in their use of social learning. This variation is partly explained by both individual and village characteristics. The tendency to conform decreases and to be payoff-biased increases as the value of the modal contribution increases. These findings suggest that the use of social learning in cooperative dilemmas is contingent on individuals' circumstances and environments, and question the existence of stably transmitted cultural norms of cooperation. © 2014 The Author(s) Published by the Royal Society. All rights reserved.

  12. When Reputation Enforces Evolutionary Cooperation in Unreliable MANETs.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Tang, Changbing; Li, Ang; Li, Xiang

    2015-10-01

    In self-organized mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs), network functions rely on cooperation of self-interested nodes, where a challenge is to enforce their mutual cooperation. In this paper, we study cooperative packet forwarding in a one-hop unreliable channel which results from loss of packets and noisy observation of transmissions. We propose an indirect reciprocity framework based on evolutionary game theory, and enforce cooperation of packet forwarding strategies in both structured and unstructured MANETs. Furthermore, we analyze the evolutionary dynamics of cooperative strategies and derive the threshold of benefit-to-cost ratio to guarantee the convergence of cooperation. The numerical simulations verify that the proposed evolutionary game theoretic solution enforces cooperation when the benefit-to-cost ratio of the altruistic exceeds the critical condition. In addition, the network throughput performance of our proposed strategy in structured MANETs is measured, which is in close agreement with that of the full cooperative strategy.

  13. Agricultural Cooperatives and Dilemmas of Survival

    OpenAIRE

    Gray, Thomas W.; Heffernan, William D.; Hendrickson, Mary K.

    2001-01-01

    The context of agricultural cooperatives is undergoing major change with the development of various food and information monitoring technologies. Large multi-nationals have moved to take advantage of these developments with the construction of agri-food chains. These chains are being facilitated via various mergers, acquisitions, and alliances, with the power, and deepening power of such deep-pocket organizations as Cargill, ADM, and ConAgra. Cooperatives have been integrated into these chain...

  14. Role of cooperative companies in sustainable rice production and ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    STORAGESEVER

    2010-03-15

    Mar 15, 2010 ... poverty in Guilan state of Iran, thus cooperative companies should be organized and supported by government. Key words: Cooperative companies, rural households, rice, income, employment. INTRODUCTION. Almost half ... education and trainnig, neglect of agriculture and low investment are major ...

  15. Governo das sociedades, custos de agência e crise financeira: que relação?

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Catarina Alexandra Alves Fernandes

    2014-03-01

    Full Text Available O debate sobre o governo das sociedades tem ganhado crescente relevo nos meios acadêmico e empresarial desde o fim da década de 1980. Esse maior destaque foi originado por diversos fatores, dos quais se salientam a crise na Ásia, os escândalos financeiros que assolaram grandes empresas cotadas norte-americanas e algumas empresas de auditoria e, mais recentemente, a crise financeira mundial. Embora há muito defendida a necessidade de aperfeiçoar os instrumentos existentes e de descobrir novos mecanismos, de modo a encontrar um sistema de governo das sociedades que minimize os custos de agência, a crise financeira mundial com origem nos EUA veio dar-lhe novo “fôlego”. E, agora, com especial ênfase na banca. Falhas no governo das sociedades, em particular no setor bancário, têm sido apontadas como culpadas pela crise financeira global iniciada em 2007, só comparável à Grande Depressão. Assim, este artigo pretende, em primeiro lugar, apresentar uma caracterização genérica dos mecanismos de governo das sociedades, integrando no estudo os denominados custos de agência e, em seguida, analisar tais mecanismos no setor bancário, estabelecendo uma relação entre eles e a crise financeira. A pesquisa efetuada permite demonstrar a importância dos instrumentos de governo das sociedades na minimização dos custos de agência, nomeadamente no contexto da crise financeira. Ainda que o setor bancário tenha as suas especificidades, a investigação feita indica que existe uma relação entre aqueles instrumentos e a performance dos bancos e que fragilidades no governo das sociedades determinaram em larga medida a crise financeira. 

  16. Within-group competition reduces cooperation and payoffs in human groups

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Barker, Jessie; Barclay, Pat; Reeve, H. Kern

    2012-01-01

    Social organisms in many taxa cooperate to produce resources that are shared among group members. Some cooperatively produced resources may be monopolized by individuals who invest in within-group competition, but these have largely been overlooked in empirical and theoretical research on human c......, and demonstrates unifying principles in cooperation and competition across the animal kingdom....

  17. La educación comparada en una sociedad global

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    José Luis García Garrido

    1997-01-01

    Full Text Available Intenta el autor ofrecer un cuadro de referencia de 10 que va a suponer, para la educacion comparada en cuanto disciplina cientifica y academica, el advenimiento del siglo XXI y, con él,el de una sociedad humana globalizada. Se refiere en concreto a los nuevos desafios presentes ya hoy, particularmente los derivados de la globalizacion económica, cultural y social, asi como a los nuevos recursos con que puede y podra contarse, sobre todo los relativos a la tecnologia de la comunicación. Exarnina, a modo de ejemplo, dos enfoques metodológicos defendidos recientemente como especialmente adecuados a las necesidades del momento, estableciendo sus pros y contras. Y finaliza con una llamada de atención hacia la necesidad de que la educacion comparada, en la sociedad giobalizada del siglo XXI, profundice sus planteamientos epistemológicos por la via de una mayor ret1exion histórica, cultural y filosofica de los sistemas educacionales

  18. CONSIDERACIONES SOBRE LA NATURALEZA DEL CAPITAL SOCIAL EN LAS SOCIEDADES COOPERATIVAS DE TRABAJO ASOCIADO/REMARKS ABOUT THE NATURE OF SHAREHOLDERS EQUITY IN THE ASSOCIATED LABOUR COOPERATIVES

    OpenAIRE

    Javier ITURRIOZ DEL CAMPO; Sonia MARTÍN LÓPEZ; Gustavo LEJARRIAGA PÉREZ DE LAS VACAS

    2007-01-01

    Las Normas Internacionales de Contabilidad (NIC), actualmente denominadas Normas Internacionales de Información Financiera (NIIF), han clasificado al capital social de la sociedad cooperativa como recurso ajeno, al tratarse de un pasivo exigible por estar sujeto a “cancelación o devolución”, cuando el socio decida causar baja de la misma. Esto ha reabierto el debate en el mundo cooperativo entre los defensores y los opositores a dicha clasificación. El principal argumento en contra de esta co...

  19. Controlling Cooperative CO2 Adsorption in Diamine-Appended Mg2(dobpdc) Metal-Organic Frameworks.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Siegelman, Rebecca L; McDonald, Thomas M; Gonzalez, Miguel I; Martell, Jeffrey D; Milner, Phillip J; Mason, Jarad A; Berger, Adam H; Bhown, Abhoyjit S; Long, Jeffrey R

    2017-08-02

    In the transition to a clean-energy future, CO 2 separations will play a critical role in mitigating current greenhouse gas emissions and facilitating conversion to cleaner-burning and renewable fuels. New materials with high selectivities for CO 2 adsorption, large CO 2 removal capacities, and low regeneration energies are needed to achieve these separations efficiently at scale. Here, we present a detailed investigation of nine diamine-appended variants of the metal-organic framework Mg 2 (dobpdc) (dobpdc 4- = 4,4'-dioxidobiphenyl-3,3'-dicarboxylate) that feature step-shaped CO 2 adsorption isotherms resulting from cooperative and reversible insertion of CO 2 into metal-amine bonds to form ammonium carbamate chains. Small modifications to the diamine structure are found to shift the threshold pressure for cooperative CO 2 adsorption by over 4 orders of magnitude at a given temperature, and the observed trends are rationalized on the basis of crystal structures of the isostructural zinc frameworks obtained from in situ single-crystal X-ray diffraction experiments. The structure-activity relationships derived from these results can be leveraged to tailor adsorbents to the conditions of a given CO 2 separation process. The unparalleled versatility of these materials, coupled with their high CO 2 capacities and low projected energy costs, highlights their potential as next-generation adsorbents for a wide array of CO 2 separations.

  20. Creating a Culture of Sustainability using Mission Statements of Cooperative Organizations

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Nooraslinda Abdul Aris

    2016-01-01

    Full Text Available Mission statements are recognized as effective strategic management tools that influence firms’ performance. The evolution of a culture of sustainability begins with a mission statement that strikes a balance between financial performance and social commitments. The clear articulation of sustainability as part of the firm’s mission, values, goals, and strategy are key factors in fostering sustainability focused culture. This study illustrates the fundamental tenets of the culture of organizational sustainability model proposed by Galpin, Whitttington, and Bell (2015 using selected cooperatives in Malaysia. The contents of the mission statements were then analyze using the nine elements model by Pearce and David (1987 in findings its relations to and the existence of sustainability culture within the cooperatives. Findings from the study confirm building an organizational infrastructure that fosters a culture of sustainability results in positive employee and organizational-level sustainability performance. A reference was made to Bank Rakyat, one of the leading cooperative-based banking in the country for its outstanding performance.

  1. Fifty years of Technical Cooperation

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    2007-01-01

    The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) was established in Vienna in 1957. The Statute of the IAEA, approved by 81 nations, founded the organization on three pillars: nuclear verification; safety and security; and the transfer of technology. Today, these three pillars still remain at the heart of the organization's work. However, the way in which the IAEA carries out this work, particularly with regard to technology transfer, has changed greatly over the years. When the IAEA opened for business, nuclear science and technology were in their infancy. Many Member States had no nuclear capacity at all. The IAEA's 'technical assistance' programme, as it was then known, was modest. Early projects were small in scale and short lived, focusing mainly on building human capacities and creating institutions and facilities that would support the introduction of nuclear technology in a safe and effective manner. Today, the picture is more complex. Instead of merely offering assistance, the IAEA focuses on cooperation for sustainable socioeconomic development, building on the skills and infrastructure that Member States have acquired over the past five decades. Member States are full partners in the process, guiding the IAEA's technical cooperation activities, setting national and regional priorities, and offering training opportunities and technical support to the IAEA and to other Member States. Technical cooperation between developing countries is facilitated and supported through regional cooperative agreements. Regional centres of expertise play an important role in sharing the benefits of nuclear science and technology among Member States

  2. A atuação do turismólogo na sociedade da informação

    OpenAIRE

    Cristine Fabris; Fabiano Couto Corrêa da Silva

    2007-01-01

    Este trabalho aborda a importância dos serviços oferecidos pelo turismólogo como mediador de informações personalizadas para o exercício de sua profissão. O artigo inicia com os conceitos de sociedade da informação e o papel do turismólogo na conjuntura que caracteriza este tipo de sociedade. Por fim, são analisadas as interfaces de sua função com outros profissionais para atender a demanda informacional dos seus usuários, alimentando a cadeia produtiva da sociedade da informação....

  3. A atuação do turismólogo na sociedade da informação

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Cristine Fabris

    2007-07-01

    Full Text Available Este trabalho aborda a importância dos serviços oferecidos pelo turismólogo como mediador de informações personalizadas para o exercício de sua profissão. O artigo inicia com os conceitos de sociedade da informação e o papel do turismólogo na conjuntura que caracteriza este tipo de sociedade. Por fim, são analisadas as interfaces de sua função com outros profissionais para atender a demanda informacional dos seus usuários, alimentando a cadeia produtiva da sociedade da informação.

  4. Cooperation induces other cooperation: Fruiting bodies promote the evolution of macrocysts in Dictyostelium discoideum.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Shibasaki, Shota; Shirokawa, Yuka; Shimada, Masakazu

    2017-05-21

    Biological studies of the evolution of cooperation are challenging because this process is vulnerable to cheating. Many mechanisms, including kin discrimination, spatial structure, or by-products of self-interested behaviors, can explain this evolution. Here we propose that the evolution of cooperation can be induced by other cooperation. To test this idea, we used a model organism Dictyostelium discoideum because it exhibits two cooperative dormant phases, the fruiting body and the macrocyst. In both phases, the same chemoattractant, cyclic AMP (cAMP), is used to collect cells. This common feature led us to hypothesize that the evolution of macrocyst formation would be induced by coexistence with fruiting bodies. Before forming a mathematical model, we confirmed that macrocysts coexisted with fruiting bodies, at least under laboratory conditions. Next, we analyzed our evolutionary game theory-based model to investigate whether coexistence with fruiting bodies would stabilize macrocyst formation. The model suggests that macrocyst formation represents an evolutionarily stable strategy and a global invader strategy under this coexistence, but is unstable if the model ignores the fruiting body formation. This result indicates that the evolution of macrocyst formation and maintenance is attributable to coexistence with fruiting bodies. Therefore, macrocyst evolution can be considered as an example of evolution of cooperation induced by other cooperation. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  5. COOPERACIÓN Y SUSTENTABILIDAD EL CASO DE UNA SOCIEDAD DE SOLIDARIDAD SOCIAL

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Graciela Carrillo González

    2013-05-01

    Full Text Available Sustainability studies have been addressed from an economic, social, cultural, and environmental point of view. They have exceeded dimensions and developed mechanisms, which have involved various elements to establish cooperation and social networks. The aim of this paper is to analyze cooperation and establishment of farmers' organizations as critical factors in achieving sustainable local projects oriented to reforestation and land recovery, illustrating with the case of a triple S (Society of Social Solidarity, in the town of Zapotitlan Lagunas in the State of Oaxaca. Positive effects derived from these kinds of societies are reforestation in the area, land recovery, consolidation of social relationships and job creations. Therefore, thinking and acting locally is a condition to positively impact on the environment and add a social and economic vision can contribute to sustainability.

  6. Contenidos digitales abierto y participación en la sociedad digital

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Sergio Álvarez

    2011-05-01

    Full Text Available El propósito de este artículo es identificar y caracterizar la naturaleza de los procesos y contenidos abiertos enla participación de los individuos y colectivos en la sociedad digital. El trabajo realizado parte de una contextualizaciónteórica de los elementos que componen el objeto de estudio en el proceso de investigación y facilitar así, la comprensióny alcance de sus resultados. La metodología empleada es de corte cualitativo basado en el estudio de casos, centradoen el análisis de los recursos, estrategias y procesos cuando se produce, selecciona y difunden contenidos abiertosen la sociedad digital. Los resultados de este trabajo describen los fenómenos y vías de participación en la culturadigital; basados en el contexto de la cultura libre, se usan conceptos como: "contenidos generados por los usuarios oespectadores", "financiación de la multitud" y "producción de la gente común". Las conclusiones que pueden extraersede esta multiplicación de medios se resumen en el creciente potencial de los contenidos abiertos para generar recursosy modelos de participación en la sociedad digital.

  7. México hacia una sociedad del conocimiento

    OpenAIRE

    Héctor Carreón Mendoza; Ricardo Melgoza Ramos

    2012-01-01

    Es importante para México convertirse en una sociedad del conocimiento, con una clara estrategia en su plan de desarrollo con respecto a la inversión en: transferencia tecnológica, incremento del capital intelectual, mayor vinculación de los sectores nacionales que generan ciencia y la generación de políticas públicas que incentiven la innovación en ciencia y tecnología y la protección de la propiedad intelectual.

  8. LOS PROCESOS CONCURSALES EN SITUACIÓN DE CRISIS: CARACTERÍSTICAS DE SU APLICACIÓN A LAS SOCIEDADES COOPERATIVAS / THE CONCURSAL PROCEDURE IN A CHRISIS SITUATION: CHARACTERISTICS OF ITS APPLICATION TO THE COOPERATIVE

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Javier ITURRIOZ DEL CAMPO

    2010-01-01

    Full Text Available Los concursos de acreedores son procesos para proceder a la solución de situaciones de insolvencia, tanto en casos en los que se produce la continuidad futura de la empresa como en aquellos en los que su situación económico financiera aconseje su disolución. El procedimiento concursal está formado por una serie de fases en las que la información financiera juega un papel fundamental para determinar el valor de los activos con los que cuenta la empresa y el volumen de deudas que tiene que asumir. La aplicación de este proceso a las sociedades cooperativas tiene una serie de implicaciones que afectan a aspectos como la variabilidad de su capital social, o la participación de los socios en los flujos económico financieros que suponen un tratamiento diferenciado. / Meeting of creditors are processes to solve insolvency situations, so much in cases in which the future continuity of the company takes place like in those in which its financial economic situation advises its dissolution. The concursal procedure is formed by a series of phases in which the financial information plays a fundamental role to determine the value of the assets with which it counts the company and the volume of debts that it must assume. The application of this process to the cooperative societies has a series of implications that affect to aspects like the variability of their share capital, or the participation of the members in the economic and financial flows that suppose a differentiated treatment.

  9. [Ethics and esthetics in international cooperation].

    Science.gov (United States)

    de Aranzabal Agudo, Maite; Hermana Tezanos, María Teresa

    2011-09-01

    Although more optimistic, the new report by the World Health Organization (WHO) continues to cast horrifying statistics on inequalities, not only in life expectancy but in many areas. Many Non-Governmental Organisations (NGOs) related to medicine seek to address this imbalance. To cooperate does not in any way appeal to the call of sentimentality. Cooperation moves money and is accountable. It requires a strong background in both professional and human values. It requires research on vaccines and diseases foreign to our society. To cooperate means "operate with" local counterparts, according to their needs and global health project. And finally, cooperation implies the demand for change in certain aspects of the global economic order. We reflect on these questions and describe the different ethical frameworks for the population and NGOs. Copyright © 2010 Elsevier España, S.L. All rights reserved.

  10. Sociedad y economía del conocimiento. El caso colombiano

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Diofanto Arce Tovar

    2013-01-01

    Full Text Available Desde los años setenta se presenta una reconfiguración del sistema productivo capitalista centrado en el conocimiento y la innovación. La inserción a este modo de desarrollo se convirtió en la meta de las naciones del mundo. Colombia no ha estado ajena a esta pretensión. Sin embargo, la visión idealista del conocimiento como factor de crecimiento y desarrollo, que se ha priorizado en todos los rincones del orbe, debe confrontarse con un análisis crítico que permita determinar qué hay detrás de la llamada sociedad y economía del conocimiento, dilucidar el papel que cumplen el gran capital internacional, las naciones, los gobiernos y las sociedades, pues es claro que aunque la innovación y la ciencia en muchos casos han generado avances importantes en cuanto índices de desarrollo, también lo es que responden a la estructura del sistema capitalista y a su afán por recuperar los niveles de ganancia previos a las recurrentes crisis sistémicas de las últimas décadas. El presente ensayo presenta el debate sobre la sociedad y economía del conocimiento desde la realidad colombiana, como ejemplo paradigmático de que el conocimiento sin autonomía continuará reproduciendo las condiciones tradicionales de una nación periférica.

  11. Use of a Cooperative to Interlock Contingencies and Balance the Commonwealth

    Science.gov (United States)

    Alavosius, Mark; Getting, Jim; Dagen, Joseph; Newsome, William; Hopkins, Bill

    2009-01-01

    Cooperatives are systems organized along key principles to balance the distribution of wealth across organizational members. The cooperative movement has an extensive history and has contributed to the design and operation of a large variety of endeavors that seek to maximize returns to a maximum number of stakeholders. While cooperatives are…

  12. Researchers and mine managers cooperate for better technology

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Anon.

    1984-01-01

    How cooperation between mine managers and research organizations can result in practical technology and better work methods is discussed. Specific cases of how this close cooperation has helped in the U.K., Swedish blasting experiments, linear array scanners for Australian geologic evaluation, coal preparation in Canada, and deep mine problems in South Africa are given

  13. Worker cooperatives with particular reference to Malta : an educationist's theory and practice

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    G. Baldacchino (Godfrey)

    1990-01-01

    textabstractThe issue of worker cooperation remains at the top of the agenda for workplace organization today, although the history of worker (or producer) cooperatives is littered with failures. Yet, despite the glaring and disappointing evidence, the establishment of cooperative forms of work

  14. Arte em Herbert Marcuse: formação e resistência à sociedade unidimensional

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Juliana Castro Chaves

    2014-04-01

    Full Text Available Este trabalho é resultado de uma pesquisa teórica que teve como objetivo analisar a contribuição de Herbert Marcuse, autor da teoria crítica da sociedade, para pensar a relação entre arte, sujeito e formação para a resistência à sociedade unidimensional. Foram estudados os seguintes textos escritos entre 1941 e 1977: Razão e revolução (1941/1978, Eros e civilização (1955/1969, Ideologia da sociedade industrial: o homem unidimensional (1964/1973, Ideias sobre uma teoria crítica da sociedade (1969/1981 e A dimensão estética (1977/1999. Para Marcuse, a arte é política, apresenta universalidade, alteridade, transcendência, forma estética e negação e confirmação da realidade. A arte é objetivação e não trabalho alienado, ela realiza a sublimação e provoca sensibilidade, diferenciando-se da mercadoria que se apropria da cultura, fazendo-a esvaziar-se em seu sentido. Ao analisar a arte, esse autor contribuiu para uma psicologia social crítica que revela a arte como mediação psicossocial para um sujeito não adaptado.

  15. Sociedad civil: democracia monitorizada y medios de comunicación en John Keane

    OpenAIRE

    Feenstra, Ramón Andrés

    2010-01-01

    El objetivo de esta tesis doctoral consiste en analizar de manera exhaustiva el concepto de sociedad civil en la obra de Keane. Un estudio que pretende mostrar la potencialidad de la propuesta de sociedad civil de este autor que, ampliamente entendida en la definición de su espacio y de sus actores, ha destacado el papel central de los medios de comunicación en el modelo de democracia monitorizada. Un modelo democrático que se constituye fruto del creciente contrapoder adquirido por una socie...

  16. Hume, Smith e as etapas da sociedade comercial

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Rogério Arthmar

    Full Text Available Resumo O artigo trata das concepções de David Hume e de Adam Smith sobre o ressurgimento da sociedade comercial na Europa após o feudalismo. Parte-se de breve exposição dos princípios filosóficos de Hume a fim de se apresentar suas teses referentes ao assunto na obra History of England. Mostra-se como ele associa o movimento parlamentar pela liberdade na Inglaterra com o progresso do comércio ocasionado pelo consumo de luxo da nobreza. Posteriormente, revisa-se a posição de Smith sobre os obstáculos à riqueza, bem como sua explicação para a decadência das civilizações grega e romana. Evidencia-se ainda como a interpretação smithiana do advento da sociedade comercial moderna apoia-se na versão antecipada por Hume. Por fim, destacam-se as implicações do conflito central entre predação e produção presente nas teorias do desenvolvimento de longo prazo da humanidade elaboradas por ambos os autores.

  17. Enhancement of international cooperation and experience exchange - international and regional cooperation in nuclear technology

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Henderson, R.R.

    1988-01-01

    This paper will explore methods that have been effective in accomplishing broad-based technology transfer relationships between international commercial nuclear organizations, and have enhanced the benefits from such relationships through mutual participation in the development of new technology. The factors involved in accomplishing technology transfer will be examined based on the 25 years of Westinghouse experience in establishing successful nuclear technology relationships with over 20 different associates world-wide. This will include information pertaining to organization, training, consultation, technical information transmission, and other important aspects of technology transfer. Additionally, the methodology of enhancing and increasing the benefits of technology transfer through cooperative development programs as produced and promoted by Westinghouse with its associates will be examined. This will include reviews of several significant cooperative programs, such as the programs for the Advanced Pressurized Water Reactor and the Integrated Protection and Control Systems for future plants

  18. Sub-Regional Cooperation of the Republic of Moldova on the South-East European Dimension

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Maria DIACON

    2017-06-01

    Full Text Available Formation of the country image on the world arena can be analyzed from the perspective of sub-regional cooperation. In this respect, we emphasize that Moldova has joined a number of initiatives, programs and organizations which, by their status and the range of the promoted objectives, became "antechamber" to the European Union. Fixing the borders of the sub-regional cooperation area, we note that in the Central Europe Moldova attends the Central European Initiative, while in the South-East Europe are carried out activities in the South-East European Cooperation Process and the Organization for the Black Sea Economic Cooperation and assists in the Organization for Democracy and Economic Development GUAM.

  19. Redes sociales y sociedad del conocimiento

    OpenAIRE

    Vélez Cuartas, Gabriel Jaime

    2009-01-01

    Esta segunda edición de Innovación RICEC integra 5 de los artículos presentados en la mesa "Redes Sociales y Sociedad del Conocimiento" del "4to Congreso de Sistemas de Innovación para la Competitividad 2009: SINNCO" realizado por el CONCYTEG (Consejo de Ciencia y Tecnología de Guanajuato - México). Dos artículos sobre avances de investigación cercanas al concepto de controversia de Callon y por tanto al de teoría del actor red; y finalmente una reseña de la escuela de verano de la red intern...

  20. International cooperation in production inspections

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Limousin, S.

    2009-01-01

    Nuclear pressure equipment, like the reactor pressure vessel or steam generators, are manufactured in many countries all around the world. As only few reactors were built in the 90's, most of the nuclear safety authorities have lost part of their know how in component manufacturing oversight. For these two reasons, vendor inspection is a key area for international cooperation. On the one hand, ASN has bilateral relationships with several countries (USA, Finland, China...) to fulfill specific purposes. On the other hand, ASN participates in international groups like the MDEP ( Multinational Design Evaluation Program). A MDEP working group dedicated to vendor inspection cooperation enables exchanges of informations (inspection program plan, inspection findings...) among the regulators. Join inspections are organized. International cooperation could lead in the long term to an harmonization of regulatory practices. (author)

  1. A Comunicação Corporativa e a Sociedade Contemporânea

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Leonardo Pinto de Almeida

    2012-09-01

    Full Text Available Este artigo aborda a comunicação corporativa na sociedade contemporânea, ressaltando as transformações do capitalismo na virada do milênio, a revolução da tecnologia da informação e a emergência da sociedade de controle, a partir de diferentes autores como Castells, Deleuze, Lazzarato, dentre outros.   Discutimos a relação entre informação e sociedade, o conceito de informação e sua importância para a atualidade, chamando a atenção para a relação entre valor, informação e cultura. Ao trazer a reflexão deleuziana sobre conceito de sociedade de controle como decorrente da crise das instituições e do avanço das tecnologias informacionais, e de Lazzarato, sobre a noopolítica, destacamos que o trabalho das corporações deve antecipar a demanda, fazendo-a acontecer.          Frente às exigências de rapidez, eficiência e o endividamento contínuo na atualidade, apontamos a comunicação corporativa como aquela que vem tomar a necessidade de criação de um público, de uma clientela, de uma demanda. Por fim, destacamos que as organizações que aprendem e a educação corporativa são algumas respostas às exigências da contemporaneidade, enfatizando a comunicação corporativa como uma das ferramentas que as empresas se valem na busca de sobrevivência e sucesso.

  2. Un análisis del concepto sociedad de la información desde el enfoque histórico

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Miguel Ángel Rendón Rojas

    2001-06-01

    Full Text Available Se propone distinguir diferentes tipos históricos de sociedades de acuerdo a la forma en que la información se produce, fluye, se consume y el modo como aparece, influye y se reflexiona sobre ella. Se subraya el papel de cinco condiciones y características (dinámica y cambio de la vida social, globalización, mercado liberal, avances tecnológicos y elevado nivel socio-económico en la aparición y funcionamiento de la sociedad de la información. Se analiza desde el humanismo los alcances y limitaciones de ese nuevo tipo de organización social.It is proposed to distinguish among different historic types of societies, according to the form in which the information is produced, flows, is consumed, and to the way it appears, has influence on, and is thought about. The role of five conditions and characteristics (social life dynamics and changes, globalization, liberal market, technological advances, and high socio-economic level on the occurrence and performance of the information society is emphasized. The scope and limitations of that new type of social organization are analyzed here from a humanistic point of view.

  3. Modelos matemáticos de la sociedad y aplicaciones Líderes sociales

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    José Antonio de la Peña

    2013-06-01

    Full Text Available Resumen: Revisamos someramente las teorías de liderazgo del siglo XIX, que enfatizan las características individuales del líder, y las teorías emanadas de los enfoques de Lewin y Weber, ya en el siglo XX, que enfatizan las relaciones del líder con el grupo en que asume su papel. En nuestro modelo de red social S hay nodos (individuos que tienen mayor influencia, medida por el flujo de caminos que pasa por ellos. Así, matemáticamente un líder j corresponde a un nodo de la red donde un vector propio positivo v, correspondiente al radio espectral r(S de la matriz A(S de la red, alcanza su máximo. Si llamamos a vx el poder de x, entonces se demuestra que el poder de un nodo es proporcional al poder de sus vecinos. Hay sociedades donde más de un líder existe, un ejemplo típico lo tenemos en las sociedades tribales. Estas sociedades presentan mayor inestabilidad como consecuencia de la búsqueda de la supremacía entre los posibles líderes.

  4. Deporte y modernidad: caso Colombia. Del deporte en sociedad a la deportivización de la sociedad

    OpenAIRE

    David Leonardo Quitián Roldán

    2013-01-01

    El deporte es, quizá, la expresión más potente de la modernidad: surge con la industrialización y la urbanización, teniendo como epicentro los clubes londinenses. Sin embargo, su difusión desde la metrópoli victoriana y la apropiación de los principios morales que encarnaba en cada sociedad merece un escrutinio detallado, considerando escenarios de lucha, como su popularización a través de expresiones como el fútbol y el ciclismo. El presente artículo pretende realizar un recorrido analítico ...

  5. La calidad y salud del suelo influyen sobre la naturaleza y la sociedad

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Hernán Burbano Orjuela

    2017-02-01

    Full Text Available La preservación del suelo resulta prioritaria para todos los sectores de la sociedad, porque su deterioro repercute adversamente sobre otros componentes de la naturaleza y sobre los grupos sociales que necesitan del suelo. Por eso, es importante mantener la calidad y salud del suelo, para que la sociedad pueda garantizar su seguridad alimentaria y disfrutar de los servicios ecosistémicos que presta este recurso natural. En este artículo se revisan los conceptos centrales que buscan explicar las relaciones del suelo con la naturaleza y con las personas.

  6. La naturaleza del capital social como aspecto diferenciador entre las sociedades cooperativas y las sociedades laborales

    OpenAIRE

    Sonia Martín López; Gustavo Lejarriaga Pérez de las Vacas; Javier Iturrioz del Campo

    2007-01-01

    International Accounting Standards (IAS) have established that, from the accounting and financial point of view, the share capital of cooperative enterprises is a liability, as it is subject to “cancellation or return”. The aforementioned consideration has not been received with the same degree of acceptance by experts in the subject and the cooperative movement. The main argument in opposition to this consideration is that it jeopardises the survival and economic viability of this type of co...

  7. Las políticas públicas en la sociedad globalizada

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Martha Isabel Gomez Lee

    2008-11-01

    Full Text Available En estos días los retos económicos, ambientales y políticos, tales como la falta de una balanceada integración del mercado global y la incertidumbre de la sustentabilidad de la vida en el planeta, hacen imprescindible replantear el rol del Estado. El análisis de las políticas públicas es la disciplina que permite adoptar conocimiento sobre la sociedad civil global a partir del análisis de sus actuaciones concretas. El Estado debe reconocerse a sí mismo como actor posicional en la sociedad civil global, y redireccionar la globalización a una cara más humana y extrahumana. En términos generales el presente artículo se refiere a esta temática basándose en los trabajos de Joseph Stiglitz, Hans Jonas y otros autores.

  8. La protección social en una sociedad de semejantes

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Robert Castel

    2008-06-01

    Full Text Available Los cambios que durante las tres últimas décadas han afectado al estatuto del empleo y las protecciones, a él asociadas, han generado una creciente sensación de inseguridad en las sociedades occidentales. El profesor Castel, tomando como ejemplo el caso francés, examina este fenómeno proponiendo en primer lugar una distinción básica entre inseguridad civil e inseguridad social. Posteriormente se concentra en el segundo tipo de inseguridad y reflexiona sobre los cambios económicos y sociales que acarrea la presente preponderancia del "trabajo flexible". El artículo llama así la atención sobre los peligros de una visión unilateral y simplista de la sociedad y el Estado y sobre el papel determinante que juega la propiedad social en la construcción de una verdadera democracia.

  9. La infancia en riesgo social desde la sociedad del bienestar

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    M. Ángeles BALSELLS

    2016-04-01

    Full Text Available El artículo plantea la necesidad de redefinir el concepto de infancia en situación de riesgo social, dado que las avanzadas sociedades del bienestar están siendo escenario de nuevos fenómenos sociales que provocan a su vez la aparición de nuevos colectivos infanto-juveniles en riesgo. Se conoce el maltrato infantil familiar como una causa clara del riesgo social pero, ¿existen otras situaciones, fuera de la familia, que provocan la aparición de poblaciones infantiles en situación de riesgo social?, ¿se puede hablar de infancia en situación de riesgo social cuando no existen maltratos o negligencia en la familia? En definitiva, ¿las sociedades desarrolladas y avanzadas son el escenario de nuevos grupos de riesgo social? Estos son los interrogantes que pretende responder el presente artículo.

  10. Costa Rica y el desafío hacia la Sociedad de la Información

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Matilde Gómez Merayo

    2013-01-01

    Full Text Available El artículo hace referencia a las políticas públicas y su importancia para que Costa Rica logre su inserción en la sociedad de la información (SI. Estás políticas permiten crear las condiciones necesarias sobre las cuales se sustentaría la SI. También son el marco operativo que debería permitir la creación de una sociedad de la Información que permitiría tener una sociedad costarricense más incluyente, multicultural y que garantice el acceso democrático a la información, al conocimiento y a las TIC. Para construir la Sociedad de la Información (SI en Costa Rica, y en cualquier país, se requiere de un plan de acción conjunto basado en la colaboración entre los sectores público y privado, el primero desempeñando un papel de promotor, dando las pautas a través de las políticas públicas y el segundo ejecutando dichas políticas y financiando la sociedad de la información, con la creación de nuevos servicios, productos, empleos, y haciendo competitiva la economía. En la búsqueda de una mayor eficiencia y transparencia del Estado, se dan dos tipos de relación: Estado – TIC y Estado - sociedad de la información, ambas con miras a lograr un mayor crecimiento económico y bienestar de los ciudadanos. Ya que Costa Rica carece de una política pública que garantice el libre acceso a la información pública y a las TIC, debido a la falta de voluntad política y de intereses creados por la clase política, estas relaciones no se dan y tampoco la eficiencia ni transparencia del Estado.

  11. Costa Rica y el desafío hacia la Sociedad de la Información

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Matilde Gómez Merayo

    2013-01-01

    Full Text Available El artículo hace referencia a las políticas públicas y su importancia para que Costa Rica logre su inserción en la sociedad de la información (SI. Estas políticas permiten crear las condiciones necesarias sobre las cuales se sustentaría la SI. También, son el marco operativo que debería permitir la creación de una sociedad de la Información que posibilitaría una sociedad costarricense más incluyente, multicultural y que garantice el acceso democrático a la información, al conocimiento y a las TIC. Para construir la Sociedad de la Información (SI en Costa Rica, y en cualquier país, se requiere de un plan de acción conjunto basado en la colaboración entre los sectores público y privado; el primero desempeñando un papel de promotor, dando las pautas a través de las políticas públicas y, el segundo, ejecutando dichas políticas y financiando la sociedad de la información, con la creación de nuevos servicios, productos, empleos, y haciendo competitiva la economía. En la búsqueda de una mayor eficiencia y transparencia del Estado, se dan dos tipos de relación: Estado-TIC y Estado-sociedad de la información, ambas con miras a lograr un mayor crecimiento económico y bienestar de los ciudadanos. Ya que Costa Rica carece de una política pública que garantice el libre acceso a la información pública y a las TIC, debido a la falta de voluntad política y de intereses creados por la clase política, estas relaciones no se dan y tampoco la eficiencia ni transparencia del Estado.

  12. International Cooperation of the Republic of Croatia in the Field of Nuclear Safety

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Novosel, N.; Rosandic, L.

    2010-01-01

    International cooperation of the Republic of Croatia in the field of nuclear safety can be divided in two parts - political part, for which the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and European Integration is responsible, and technical part, for which the State Office for Nuclear Safety is responsible, in cooperation with other state administration bodies, where applicable. According to the Nuclear Safety Act (OG 73/2003) the State Office for Nuclear Safety: 'coordinates technical cooperation with the International Atomic Energy Agency for all participants from the Republic of Croatia'; 'fulfills the obligations which the Republic of Croatia has assumed through international conventions and bilateral agreements concerning nuclear safety and the application of protective measures aimed at the non-proliferation of nuclear weapons' and 'cooperates with international organizations and associations in the area of nuclear safety, and appoints its own expert representatives to take part in the work of such organizations and associations or to monitor their work'. In this paper various aspects of the technical cooperation with the International Atomic Energy Agency, as well as international conventions and bilateral agreements in the field of nuclear safety, will be presented. Also, cooperation with other international organizations and associations in the nuclear area, such as Nuclear Suppliers Group, Zangger Committee, Wassenaar Arrangement, Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organization, Euratom and certain civil expert groups of NATO, will be described.(author).

  13. A cooperative model for IS security risk management in distributed environment.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Feng, Nan; Zheng, Chundong

    2014-01-01

    Given the increasing cooperation between organizations, the flexible exchange of security information across the allied organizations is critical to effectively manage information systems (IS) security in a distributed environment. In this paper, we develop a cooperative model for IS security risk management in a distributed environment. In the proposed model, the exchange of security information among the interconnected IS under distributed environment is supported by Bayesian networks (BNs). In addition, for an organization's IS, a BN is utilized to represent its security environment and dynamically predict its security risk level, by which the security manager can select an optimal action to safeguard the firm's information resources. The actual case studied illustrates the cooperative model presented in this paper and how it can be exploited to manage the distributed IS security risk effectively.

  14. International co-operation in the supply of nuclear fuel cycle services

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Allday, C.

    1977-01-01

    The paper draws on British Nuclear Fuels' (BNFL) wide experience of international collaboration in nuclear fuel process activities to examine the pros and cons of international agreements. Initially, the factors that influence the need to co-operate, the extent of possible co-operation and the alternative types of agreement, are reviewed. Next, the benefits, problems and risks associated with each function, such as management, financial R and D, marketing and operations that could be covered within the scope of an international agreement, are examined in detail. The paper continues by calling upon specific experience obtained by BNFL in the co-operation with other organizations over several years in both major and much smaller agreements, illustrating the rationale behind the co-operation, the resolution of 'teething' troubles and the present status of these organizations. In conclusion, the paper comments upon the effectiveness of collaboration agreements and identifies several requirements for international co-operation to succeed. (author)

  15. Market orientation in Ethiopian seed producer cooperatives: implications for performance and members' livelihood improvement

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Sisay, Dawit Tsegaye

    2017-01-01

    Prior researches indicate that farmers, who organize themselves into producer organizations or cooperatives can overcome some of the challenges that affect their livelihood at individual level. Seed producer cooperatives (SPCs) engaged in Ethiopian agricultural sector with the aim to produce and

  16. Los sistemas sexo/género en distintas sociedades: modelos analógicos y digitales

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Águeda Gómez Suárez

    2010-01-01

    Full Text Available Este artículo pretende dar a conocer las diversas "culturas sexuales" en diferentes sociedades, su orden sociosexual y su sistemas sexo/género, con el fin de agruparlas, para su mejor comprensión, en dos grandes grupos: los sistemas digitales (sociedades más rígidas y los sistemas analógicos (sociedades más flexibles. Si es cierto que existen múltiples ideologías sexuales que "naturalizan" diversas formas de entender lo masculino y lo femenino, la homosexualidad y la heterosexualidad, entre otras cosas (Mead, 1972, 2006, se puede concluir que el "dominio masculino", la heteronormatividad y el modelo dual sexo/género, no son realidades universales, sino que son propias de estructuras sexo/género concretas.

  17. Purchasing cooperatives for small employers.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Mallozzi, J

    1997-12-01

    Despite a booming economy, the number of uninsured Americans is rising. It hit nearly 42 million in 1996. Many of the uninsured work at businesses with fewer than 50 employees. Because small firms have traditionally found it difficult to provide health benefits, purchasing cooperatives have grown in scope and size across the country in recent years. By bringing small businesses together to buy insurance as a group, these organizations can help employers provide greater choice to their workers at a lower cost. However, to operate well in the insurance market, purchasing cooperatives must be well-designed and provided with adequate legal protections.

  18. Responsabilidade social e balanço social: prestação de contas à sociedade

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Maria das Graças Vieira

    2008-03-01

    Full Text Available Hoje, a responsabilidade social é uma das formas de gestão dos negócios empresariais, de tal maneira que se torna responsável pelo desenvolvimento social. A empresa socialmente responsável é aquela que possui capacidade de ouvir interesses das diferentes partes (acionistas, funcionários, clientes, fornecedores, consumidores, governo e meio ambiente e de conseguir incorporá-los no planejamento de suas atividades, buscando atender aos desejos de todos e não apenas dos acionistas ou proprietários. Empregar os valores éticos no cotidiano profissional, num processo de gestão baseado nos princípios de desenvolvimento sustentável e do Triple Botton Line, aprofundando o relacionamento com os stakeholders, adicionando valor à sociedade e preservando o meio ambiente, constituem, atualmente, alguns outros fatores a serem incluídos no processo estratégico das organizações. A sociedade está consciente do seu papel nas organizações e exige não só qualidade e preço, mas também o comprometimento com as questões sociais. Neste sentido, a ciência contábil desenvolveu um modelo de prestação de contas da empresa para com a sociedade, o Balanço Social, que se encaixa perfeitamente como um instrumento estratégico de desenvolvimento corporativo frente à globalização do mercado.Today, the social responsibility is one in the ways of administration of the managerialbusinesses in such a way that turns her responsible for the social development. Thecompany socially responsible is that that possesses capacity to hear interests of thedifferent parts (shareholders, employees, customers, suppliers, consumers,government and environment and to get to incorporate them in the planning of youractivities, looking for to assist to the desires of all and not just of the shareholders orproprietors. To use the ethical values in the daily professional, in an administrationprocess based on the beginnings of maintainable development and of Triple Botton

  19. Social penalty promotes cooperation in a cooperative society.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ito, Hiromu; Yoshimura, Jin

    2015-08-04

    Why cooperation is well developed in human society is an unsolved question in biological and human sciences. Vast studies in game theory have revealed that in non-cooperative games selfish behavior generally dominates over cooperation and cooperation can be evolved only under very limited conditions. These studies ask the origin of cooperation; whether cooperation can evolve in a group of selfish individuals. In this paper, instead of asking the origin of cooperation, we consider the enhancement of cooperation in a small already cooperative society. We ask whether cooperative behavior is further promoted in a small cooperative society in which social penalty is devised. We analyze hawk-dove game and prisoner's dilemma introducing social penalty. We then expand it for non-cooperative games in general. The results indicate that cooperation is universally favored if penalty is further imposed. We discuss the current result in terms of the moral, laws, rules and regulations in a society, e.g., criminology and traffic violation.

  20. Lo sagrado en las sociedades secularizadas

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    González Noriega, Santiago

    1993-10-01

    Full Text Available Not available.

    La potencia tutelar burocrática asume la custodia de una masa amorfa. Frente a ella ha de afirmarse una sociedad civil a partir de núcleos de ciudadanos activos. El motor de esta ciudadanía es la formación de un núcleo básico de creencias -«lo sagrados-e- que desempeña un papel comparable, en cuanto a capacidad de movilización, al de las viejas religiones. Lo sagrado «laico» o «filosófico» apunta a aquello que el hombre puede considerar perdurable y conferir sentido a su existencia.

  1. Las sociedades musicales en el Madrid de Isabel II (1833-1868

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Diez Huerga, M. Aurelia

    2003-12-01

    Full Text Available After the fall of the monarchist absolutism, the middle class, whom the economic liberalism gives an unprecedented strength, demands new entertainments, new places to make profitable social relationships and, definitely, new ways to show their influence and power. On the other hand, the shift of political rules allows people to express and gather, even if with some restrictions, and opens the door to the progressive democratization of society, with its cultural consequences. That ensemble of factors leads to the appearance of many different institutions but with a constant feature: the defence of the liberal ideas, the good fellowship and communication among individuals (which includes the recreational side, the cultural divulging and artistic expression. It is at this point that establishments with both musical and educational activity must be taken into account. This essay intends to go through organizations such as Liceo Artístico y Literario, Instituto Español, La Unión, Museo Lírico, El Genio and many other artistic societies which proliferated during the 1830s and 1840s, centres with an intense social and musical activity in Madrid during Isabel II's era. Their influence in this area must be underlined, as devoted to promote performance, composition and, which is highly important, music instruction. The selected society of Madrid could be found there, gathered to learn music rudiments, singing and playing as well as to listen to the repertory in vogue at that time and to take part itself in its performance.

    Tras la caída del absolutismo monárquico, la burguesía, a quien el liberalismo económico dota de una pujanza sin precedentes, demanda nuevos entretenimientos, nuevos espacios para granjearse relaciones sociales convenientes y, en definitiva, nuevas formas para ostentar su influencia y poder. Por otra parte, el cambio de régimen político abre las puertas a las libertades de expresión y de reunión, aunque sea con

  2. Memoria da mobilizaçao da sociedade brasileira na década de 1970 e os movimentos sociais

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Wellington de Oliveira

    2014-02-01

    Full Text Available El objetivo de este trabajo es señalar cómo fue el contexto socio-político brasileño y de América Latina en la segunda mitad de la década de 1970 del siglo XX en el punto de ebullición. Los conflictos derivados de la dictadura militar impuesta por el golpe de 1964, em Brasil, 1973, en Chile y 1976 en Argentina, se intensifican gradualmente y segmentos de la sociedad civil brasileña comienzan a tomar sus preocupaciones a la calle, es decir, los segmentos de la sociedad civil comienzan a disputar desde sus lugares de residencia incluso para el lugar de trabajo, la creación de nuevas formas de organización de los movimientos sociales en Brasil con repercusiones en América Latina. Esto no quiere decir que no hubo parálisis total en la sociedad antes del plazo que cubre el momento histórico de la dictadura militar. Se puede argumentar que las actividades de organización de los trabajadores tomaron diferentes formas en el período anterior a la segunda mitad de 1970.Palabras clave: movimientos sociales, laborales y de la sociedad civil._____________________Abstract:The aim of this paper is to show how was the Brazilian socio-political context and Latin America in the second half of the 1970s of the twentieth century in the boiling point. Disputes arising out of the military dictatorship imposed by the 1964 coup, em Brasil, 1973 in Chile and 1976 in Argentina, and gradually intensify segments of Brazilian civil society begin to take their concerns to the street, ie segments civil society begin to play from their places of residence even for the workplace, creating new forms of organization of social movements in Brazil with repercussions in Latin America. This does not mean that there was total paralysis before the deadline society covering the historical moment of the military dictatorship. One can argue that the organizational activities of workers took different forms in the period before the second half of 1970.Keywords: social

  3. Case Study on the Forestry Cooperation Model from Game Structure Perspective

    OpenAIRE

    Zhang, Hao; Cai, Zhijian; Xie, Yu

    2014-01-01

    Take Chinese yew cooperative organization for example，different game structures of forestry cooperation model were analyzed，the elative merit and applicable occasion was discussed combined with empirical investigation，and some suggestions were given also．The results showed that depending entirely on normal forest farmers cooperate spontaneously is difficult. Policies should be designed from the perspective of promoted village cadres and influential family salons to cooperation. When m...

  4. Education and Worker Co-operatives. Some Perspectives of the Australian TAFE Connection.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Davis, Denis

    The workers' cooperative movement has grown in many countries of Europe, where it is often state-sanctioned and supported. In Australia, however, the movement is just beginning. The government organization of what are called cooperative development programs is the dominant new feature on the Australian worker cooperative scene. However, funding is…

  5. The role of organized civil society in tobacco control in Latin America and the Caribbean El papel de la sociedad civil organizada en el control del tabaco en Latinoamérica y el Caribe

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Beatriz Marcet Champagne

    2010-01-01

    Full Text Available Civil society has been the engine that has permitted many of the accomplishments seen in tobacco control in Latin America and the Caribbean. However, the role of civil society is not clearly understood. Civil society plays five main roles: advocate, coalition builder, provider of evidence-based information, watchdog and service provider. Some of these roles are played weakly by civil society in the region and should be encouraged to support beneficial societal change. Civil society working in tobacco control has evolved over the years to now become more professionalized. The WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control and the Bloomberg Initiative to Reduce Tobacco Use have brought about significant change with positive and negative consequences. Strengthening civil society not only supports the tobacco control movement but it provides competencies that may be used in many ways to promote change in democratic societies.La sociedad civil ha sido el motor que ha permitido muchos logros en el control del tabaco en Latinoamérica y el Caribe. Sin embargo, no se comprende bien el papel que juega. La sociedad civil tiene cinco roles principales: abogar, construir coaliciones, proveer información basada en evidencia, ser perro guardián y proveer servicios. Algunos de estos roles se juegan débilmente y deben ser promovidos para apoyar cambios benéficos en la sociedad. La sociedad civil ha evolucionado a través de los años en el control del tabaco y ahora se ha profesionalizado más. El Convenio Marco para el Control del Tabaco (CMCT de la OMS y la iniciativa Bloomberg para Reducir el Uso del Tabaco han traído consigo cambios significativos con consecuencias positivas y negativas. El fortalecimiento de la sociedad civil no sólo significa un beneficio para el movimiento del control del tabaco sino que también provee las competencias que sirven de muchas formas para promover el cambio en las sociedades democráticas.

  6. Culturas orais em sociedades letradas

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Geraldi João Wanderley

    2000-01-01

    Full Text Available Na relação entre linguagem e cultura, um aspecto essencial diz respeito às diferentes funções da escrita e às formas de sua apropriação social em sociedades letradas. Tomando como inspiração a forma de um uso específico da escrita pelo povo indígena Jarawara e narrativas de ribeirinhos do rio Madeira do mito amazônico Cobra Norato, são discutidas as diferentes relações entre oralidade e escrita que, atravessadas pelas relações de poder, transformam o alfabeto, de artefato histórico construído para o registro da oralidade, em espaço social de construção de distinções, clivagens e exclusões.

  7. Sociedad, epistemología y metodología en Boaventura de Sousa Santos

    OpenAIRE

    Helder Alejandro Binimelis-Espinoza; Andrés Roldán Tonioni

    2017-01-01

    El objetivo de esta publicación es analizar la obra de Boaventura de Sousa Santos, especialmente su comprensión de las sociedades contemporáneas y los desafíos epistemológicos y metodológicos actuales. Mediante una revisión documental de su obra y aportes críticos de otros autores, se distingue su comprensión crítica y utópica de las sociedades actuales, y la necesidad de renovación de los procesos de construcción de conocimiento. Los aportes de este trabajo son, por una parte, integrar la cr...

  8. Cooperation percolation in spatial prisoner's dilemma game

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Yang, Han-Xin; Rong, Zhihai; Wang, Wen-Xu

    2014-01-01

    The paradox of cooperation among selfish individuals still puzzles scientific communities. Although a large amount of evidence has demonstrated that the cooperator clusters in spatial games are effective in protecting the cooperators against the invasion of defectors, we continue to lack the condition for the formation of a giant cooperator cluster that ensures the prevalence of cooperation in a system. Here, we study the dynamical organization of the cooperator clusters in spatial prisoner's dilemma game to offer the condition for the dominance of cooperation, finding that a phase transition characterized by the emergence of a large spanning cooperator cluster occurs when the initial fraction of the cooperators exceeds a certain threshold. Interestingly, the phase transition belongs to different universality classes of percolation determined by the temptation to defect b. Specifically, on square lattices, 1 < b < 4/3 leads to a phase transition pertaining to the class of regular site percolation, whereas 3/2 < b < 2 gives rise to a phase transition subject to invasion percolation with trapping. Our findings offer a deeper understanding of cooperative behavior in nature and society. (paper)

  9. Public diplomacy and cooperation with non-governmental organizations in the liberal perspective of international relations

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Natalia Broś

    2017-07-01

    Full Text Available This article discusses the issue of state cooperation with non-governmental organizations in public diplomacy. This has been explored in relation to the liberal perspective in international relations, which very clearly highlights the importance of NGOs as an influential participant in world politics. The article contains an analysis of the international system, categorizes the roles and functions of NGOs in international relations. It shows concepts on contemporary understanding of power and a clear focus on reinforcing and using components of soft power, including public diplomacy, in moden international relations. Methodological aspects are deepened by an analytical layer exploring Civil Society 2.0 Program, what is an example of an effective combination of diplomatic efforts between the state and NGOs to achieve common goals.

  10. Totalitarismo, tecnocracia e sociedade de massas: uma reflexão sobre a distopia na sociedade contemporânea e a contribuição da filosofia da tecnologia

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Cecília de Sousa Neves

    2017-03-01

    Full Text Available Este artigo visa explorar a articulação intrínseca entre tecnocracia, totalitarismo e sociedade de massa enquanto fenômenos interdependentes, cuja convergência introduz a distopia em seu paroxismo e atualidade. Utilizaremos como fio condutor de nossa reflexão o livro Admirável mundo novo escrito por Aldous Huxley, bem como o background propiciado pela atual filosofia da tecnologia. Visto que vivemos em uma sociedade de massas governada por um estado com traços claramente totalitários e cujo poder político se sustenta na tecnologia, a revisão da relação entre tecnocracia, totalitarismo e massificação se torna um item importante na agenda da filosofia contemporânea.

  11. De la accion comunicativa a la sociedad democratica

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    J. Félix Ángulo Rasco

    1998-08-01

    Full Text Available Defendendo uma ética da comunicação como condição da construção de uma sociedade democrática de indivíduos emancipados, o texto traz uma reflexão sobre os fundamentos da ética comunicativa de Habermas, a partir da distinção entre dois campos de desenvolvimento discursivo: o discurso teórico e o discurso prático.

  12. Non-cooperative planning theory

    CERN Document Server

    Bogetoft, Peter

    1994-01-01

    Planning in a general sense is concerned with the design of communication and decision making mechanisms in organizations where information and choice are decentralized. Non-cooperative planning theory as it is developed in this book treats the incentive aspects hereof. It stresses how strategic behavior and opportunism may impede planning, and how this can be coped with via the organization of communication and decision making, the design of information and control systems, and the development of incentive schemes. In particular, the book contains a thorough investigation of incentive provision in information production.

  13. La representación social de las familias diversas: Ley de Sociedades de Convivencia

    OpenAIRE

    María de Jesús González Pérez

    2007-01-01

    La familia es un pilar fundamental que se relaciona determinantemente con las demás estructuras de un sistema social; en el caso de nuestra sociedad, esta institución se encuentra en el más alto rango del orden moral, sancionando desde una perspectiva heterosexista la presencia de nuevas familias que alteran el modelo tradicional, por lo que la Ley de Sociedades de Convivencia reforma al Código Civil del Distrito Federal, y trae consigo la posibilidad de resguardar jurídica e institucionalmen...

  14. La sociedad disidente: Israelíes contra la ocupación

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Francisco Torres

    2012-12-01

    Full Text Available Son numerosos los análisis acerca de la sociedad palestina que focalizan su atención en la dualidad Fatah-Hamas, mientras que se tiende a considerar a la sociedad israelí como un conjunto homogéneo, que se mueve al dictado de su gobierno. Pero la realidad es otra. Este trabajo se centra en las razones que permiten hablar en Israel de un movimiento de disidencia, de oposición contra las políticas de ocupación del gobierno y que lucha por la eliminación de las desigualdades entre judíos y árabes en Israel. Para ello se identifican dos problemas: la ausencia de una oposición política capaz de liderar ese proceso, y por otro, la gran brecha que existe entre las dos nacionalidades mayoritarias en el Estado. Como reacción a ambas cuestiones surge en los últimos diez años un movimiento social compuesto por organizaciones no gubernamentales (religiosas, activistas, de investigación y análisis social..., que ejerce de contrapeso puntual a las políticas de ocupación, y actúa como agente opositor, a veces incluso con ramificaciones internacionales. Aunque de dimensiones reducidas, este movimiento alcanza una notable repercusión en los medios de comunicación, y produce efectos multiplicadores en las sociedades occidentales, dado que cuestiona desde dentro la política de ocupación de territorios y sus métodos, cuando no se opone abiertamente a ella. Se trata de organizaciones no gubernamentales, colectivos de defensa de los derechos humanos, o grupos de activistas que, por sus planteamientos heterodoxos, adquieren a veces una relevancia notoria en los medios de comunicación, aunque su verdadera repercusión social interna es, de momento, limitada. There are plenty of analysis about the Palestinian society, most of them focused in the duality Fatah-Hamas, while the Israeli society tends to be considered as an homogeneous group that follows his Government guidelines. But in fact, there are disent movements in Israel that fight against

  15. Correflejo: la participación del usuario dirigida a la transformación de la sociedad

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Tomico, O.

    2009-01-01

    Este artículo presenta un en foque de la participación del usuario que permite en frentar la lógica del diseñador con las motivaciones y los valores de la sociedad. Este en foque está especialmente adaptado a los procesos de diseño que aspiran a trans formar a la sociedad. Según este enfoque, la

  16. The Regulatory Cooperation Forum, an Opportunity to Strengthen International Cooperation

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Lachaume, J.L.; Mamoru, M.

    2016-01-01

    The Regulatory Cooperation Forum (RCF) is a member-driven forum of nuclear power regulators created in 2010 that promotes the sharing of regulatory knowledge and experience through international cooperation and collaboration using the IAEA Safety Standards as its basis. The RCF involves countries with advanced nuclear power programmes, countries embarking on nuclear power for the first time and countries with smaller programmes considering expansion. The primary objectives of the RCF are: • To promote collaboration and cooperation among RCF members to improve coordination of support for regulatory infrastructure development; • To contribute to achieving and sustaining a high level of nuclear safety, consistent with the IAEA Safety Standards and Guidance; • To optimize resources among RCF members and avoid unnecessary support duplication through improved coordination. Membership of the RCF is open to all Member States of the IAEA. Participants in RCF activities will normally be senior representatives from regulatory bodies in Member States and from other providers, including the IAEA, European Commission (EC) and the Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). So far, more than 30 countries are members of the RCF. The RCF has developed Action Plans to support Jordan, Vietnam, Belarus and Poland. The IAEA’s Nuclear Safety Action Plan urges Member States to strengthen the effectiveness of national regulatory bodies as well as base the development of their nuclear infrastructures on IAEA Safety Standards. The RCF assists Member States in implementing both of these actions for embarking, existing and expanding nuclear programmes. (author)

  17. Learning and innovative elements of strategy adoption rules expand cooperative network topologies.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Wang, Shijun; Szalay, Máté S; Zhang, Changshui; Csermely, Peter

    2008-04-09

    Cooperation plays a key role in the evolution of complex systems. However, the level of cooperation extensively varies with the topology of agent networks in the widely used models of repeated games. Here we show that cooperation remains rather stable by applying the reinforcement learning strategy adoption rule, Q-learning on a variety of random, regular, small-word, scale-free and modular network models in repeated, multi-agent Prisoner's Dilemma and Hawk-Dove games. Furthermore, we found that using the above model systems other long-term learning strategy adoption rules also promote cooperation, while introducing a low level of noise (as a model of innovation) to the strategy adoption rules makes the level of cooperation less dependent on the actual network topology. Our results demonstrate that long-term learning and random elements in the strategy adoption rules, when acting together, extend the range of network topologies enabling the development of cooperation at a wider range of costs and temptations. These results suggest that a balanced duo of learning and innovation may help to preserve cooperation during the re-organization of real-world networks, and may play a prominent role in the evolution of self-organizing, complex systems.

  18. Ambientalismo y sociedad civil en la frontera México- Estados Unidos

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Basilio Verduzco Chávez

    2001-01-01

    Full Text Available En este ensayo se propone un modelo interpretativo de la dinámica mostrada por los grupos ambientalistas de la frontera México-Estados Unidos. El modelo está inspirado en teorías contemporáneas de movimientos sociales y de sociedad civil y rescata dimensiones clave del concepto de ciudadanía que se consideran clave para analizar los avances y limitaciones del movimiento como catalizador de la participación cívica en defensa del medio ambiente. Tomando en cuenta que el movimiento ambientalista de la frontera abarca una gran diversidad de grupos se propone que sus actividades pueden tener dos grandes orientaciones. La primera dirigida a influir directamente en la formulación de política ambiental, y la segunda dirigida a promover la participación ciudadana como un compromiso cívico en sí mismo. Se identifican siete dimensiones en las que el ambientalismo puede hacer contribuciones al fortalecimiento de la sociedad civil: conocimiento del problema, principio de asociación, orientación de acciones individuales, respeto a la comunidad, origen del compromiso con la comunidad ,vinculo social institucional, relación con estructuras de poder y tipo de individualismo. El trabajo concluye señalando la importancia de que el movimiento logre evitar el fraccionalismo y la apropiación individual de beneficios de la acción colectiva para fortalecer a la sociedad civil.

  19. Sociedade: Um Estudo Sobre o Morro do Corcovado/ Rio de Janeiro

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Isabella de Souza Neto Teixeira

    2012-01-01

    Full Text Available Ao iniciar o estudo sobre a importância patrimonial do Morro do Corcovado, situado no setor B do Parque Nacional da Tijuca, na Serra da Carioca, município do Rio de Janeiro/RJ, encontrou-se metodologia aplicada somente sob a visão do pesquisador para valorar a geodiversidade. Mas, ao longo do estudo, surgiu a necessidade de saber como a sociedade o via. Seria o Morro do Corcovado apenas reconhecido como uma paisagem deslumbrante pelos seus visitantes? Será que é entendido e valorizado como patrimônio? Será que os indivíduos vêem algo além dessa paisagem? E se vêem o quê seria? Para responder a esses questionamentos se buscou uma ferramenta que fornecesse a relação da sociedade com Morro do Corcovado. Nesse contexto, o questionário/entrevista estruturado mostrou ser uma ferramenta indispensável para a coleta de dados, visando decifrar a percepção patrimonial dos indivíduos. O questionário/entrevista foi pensado e organizado de forma estruturada, visando, através de sua aplicação e análise preliminares, mostrar como esse instrumento serve como ferramenta para compreender as apropriações do patrimônio geológico pela sociedade e possibilitar as tomadas de decisão quanto ao uso mais indicado desse patrimônio.

  20. Promotion of cooperation by selective group extinction

    Science.gov (United States)

    Böttcher, Marvin A.; Nagler, Jan

    2016-06-01

    Multilevel selection is an important organizing principle that crucially underlies evolutionary processes from the emergence of cells to eusociality and the economics of nations. Previous studies on multilevel selection assumed that the effective higher-level selection emerges from lower-level reproduction. This leads to selection among groups, although only individuals reproduce. We introduce selective group extinction, where groups die with a probability inversely proportional to their group fitness. When accounting for this the critical benefit-to-cost ratio is substantially lowered. Because in game theory and evolutionary dynamics the degree of cooperation crucially depends on this ratio above which cooperation emerges, previous studies may have substantially underestimated the establishment and maintenance of cooperation.

  1. Developing Digital Dashboard Management for Learning System Dynamic Cooperative Simulation Behavior of Indonesia. (Study on Cooperative Information Organization in the Ministry of Cooperatives and SME)

    Science.gov (United States)

    Eni, Yuli; Aryanto, Rudy

    2014-03-01

    There are problems being experienced by the Ministry of cooperatives and SME (Small and Medium Enterprise) including the length of time in the decision by the Government to establish a policy that should be taken for local cooperatives across the province of Indonesia. The decision-making process is still analyzed manually, so that sometimes the decisions taken are also less appropriate, effective and efficient. The second problem is the lack of monitoring data cooperative process province that is too much, making it difficult for the analysis of dynamic information to be useful. Therefore the authors want to fix the system that runs by using digital dashboard management system supported by the modeling of system dynamics. In addition, the author also did the design of a system that can support the system. Design of this system is aimed to ease the experts, head, and the government to decide (DSS - Decision Support System) accurately effectively and efficiently, because in the system are raised alternative simulation in a description of the decision to be taken and the result from the decision. The system is expected to be designed dan simulated can ease and expedite the decision making. The design of dynamic digital dashboard management conducted by method of OOAD (Objects Oriented Analysis and Design) complete with UML notation.

  2. El destino de la sociedad conyugal

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    María Paz Gatica R.

    2011-11-01

    Full Text Available El régimen chileno de sociedad conyugal establece distinciones legales que resultan discriminatorias para ambos cónyuges. En el caso de la mujer, al impedir que pueda ser administradora ordinaria de los bienes sociales y privarla de la administración de sus bienes propios, y en el del marido, a través de la institución del patrimonio reservado. En este artículo se revisan los problemas recientes que dicho régimen ha generado para el Estado de Chile en el contexto internacional y se analizan algunas de las propuestas de reforma legislativa desde la perspectiva de su cumplimiento con los estándares de derechos fundamentales.

  3. A Project in Support of International Nuclear Cooperation

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kim, Myung Ro; Kim, Kyoung Pyo; Lee, Jeong Kong; Jung, Sung Hyon; Shim, Jae Sun

    2009-01-01

    The objective of this study is to establish the strategies of international cooperation in order to promote our nation's leading role in international community, to lay the foundation for the effective transfer of nuclear technology to developing countries, and to cope with the rapidly changing in the international nuclear communities. This study contains the work undertaken to promote multilateral cooperation within the framework of international nuclear related organizations and regional cooperative agreements and the relevant forums, to enhance bilateral cooperation with foreign nuclear related research institutes as well as to promote cooperation through the exchange of foreign scientists. As for multilateral cooperation, activities for promoting cooperation within the IAEA and regional cooperative frameworks are introduced. Regarding bilateral cooperation, activities for concluding arrangements and MOUs with foreign research institutes and for participation in joint nuclear coordinating committee meetings between Korea and other countries are presented. For promoting personnel exchanges, activities for inviting and utilizing foreign scientists and mutual discussions with foreign experts, who have visited KAERI, are also described. Continuous efforts to contributing towards the international community through utilizing Korea's experience gained in the process of technical self-reliance and development of human resources are needed. Also efforts to establish the foundation of international cooperation and to make inroad into overseas nuclear markets for export of our nuclear technologies should be made. Meanwhile in the bilateral cooperation, we need to beef up cooperation with U.S.A. and Canada through the joint committee for the joint export to third countries. It is expected that this study would be utilized as a basic material for the international cooperation of nuclear energy, especially for the KAERI's international cooperation in an effective way

  4. A generalization of Hamilton's rule for the evolution of microbial cooperation.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Smith, Jeff; Van Dyken, J David; Zee, Peter C

    2010-06-25

    Hamilton's rule states that cooperation will evolve if the fitness cost to actors is less than the benefit to recipients multiplied by their genetic relatedness. This rule makes many simplifying assumptions, however, and does not accurately describe social evolution in organisms such as microbes where selection is both strong and nonadditive. We derived a generalization of Hamilton's rule and measured its parameters in Myxococcus xanthus bacteria. Nonadditivity made cooperative sporulation remarkably resistant to exploitation by cheater strains. Selection was driven by higher-order moments of population structure, not relatedness. These results provide an empirically testable cooperation principle applicable to both microbes and multicellular organisms and show how nonlinear interactions among cells insulate bacteria against cheaters.

  5. Sociedad y naturaleza en la mitología Muisca

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    François Correa Rubio

    2005-01-01

    Full Text Available Analizando la mitología de los muiscas ilustraré cómo se trata de un discurso que puede guiar el comportamiento social porque esta constituido por un conjunto de abstracciones que, en el lenguaje simbólico, expresan el conocimiento de la sociedad sobre sus propias relaciones y de estas con la naturaleza. El análisis evidencia cómo el sol y la luna eran los símbolos dominantes no sólo por su importancia en el ordenamiento del tiempo y espacio del universo y, en consecuencia, en las tareas cotidianas, sino cómo su comportamiento pretendía ser explicado a semejanza de la estabilidad y variabilidad de las relaciones sociales. Argumentaré que esta analogía entre el comportamiento de los astros y las gentes constituye un operador lógico en el que descansa la simbología. Los mitos no son, pues, fantasía, ni en ellos «todo puede suceder». Son construcciones culturales que expresan en un discurso codificado, conocimientos de la experiencia que la sociedad debe seguir para garantizar su propia reproducción social.

  6. Practicing What We Preach: Teacher Reflection Groups on Cooperative Learning

    Science.gov (United States)

    Farrell, Thomas S. C.; Jacobs, George M.

    2016-01-01

    This article discusses the use of teacher reflection groups to aid teachers in their efforts to facilitate cooperative learning among their students. It is argued that these teacher reflection groups function best when they are organized with reference to eight cooperative learning principles. Furthermore, it is suggested that these reflective…

  7. 42 CFR 476.76 - Cooperation with health care facilities.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-10-01

    ... SERVICES (CONTINUED) QUALITY IMPROVEMENT ORGANIZATIONS UTILIZATION AND QUALITY CONTROL REVIEW Review Responsibilities of Utilization and Quality Control Quality Improvement Organizations (QIOs) General Provisions... 42 Public Health 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Cooperation with health care facilities. 476.76...

  8. A User Cooperation Stimulating Strategy Based on Cooperative Game Theory in Cooperative Relay Networks

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ping Zhang

    2009-01-01

    Full Text Available This paper proposes a user cooperation stimulating strategy among rational users. The strategy is based on cooperative game theory and enacted in the context of cooperative relay networks. Using the pricing-based mechanism, the system is modeled initially with two nodes and a Base Station (BS. Within this framework, each node is treated as a rational decision maker. To this end, each node can decide whether to cooperate and how to cooperate. Cooperative game theory assists in providing an optimal system utility and provides fairness among users. Under different cooperative forwarding modes, certain questions are carefully investigated, including “what is each node's best reaction to maximize its utility?” and “what is the optimal reimbursement to encourage cooperation?” Simulation results show that the nodes benefit from the proposed cooperation stimulating strategy in terms of utility and thus justify the fairness between each user.

  9. A User Cooperation Stimulating Strategy Based on Cooperative Game Theory in Cooperative Relay Networks

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jiang Fan

    2009-01-01

    Full Text Available This paper proposes a user cooperation stimulating strategy among rational users. The strategy is based on cooperative game theory and enacted in the context of cooperative relay networks. Using the pricing-based mechanism, the system is modeled initially with two nodes and a Base Station (BS. Within this framework, each node is treated as a rational decision maker. To this end, each node can decide whether to cooperate and how to cooperate. Cooperative game theory assists in providing an optimal system utility and provides fairness among users. Under different cooperative forwarding modes, certain questions are carefully investigated, including "what is each node's best reaction to maximize its utility?" and "what is the optimal reimbursement to encourage cooperation?" Simulation results show that the nodes benefit from the proposed cooperation stimulating strategy in terms of utility and thus justify the fairness between each user.

  10. De la sociedad de trabajo a la sociedad tecnológica

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    JOSÉ ENRIQUE RODRÍGUEZ IBÁÑEZ

    1989-01-01

    Full Text Available En la sociedad actual, caracterizada por la revolución tecnoproductiva (el crecimiento y la difusión acelerados de industrias de alta tecnología, como, por ejemplo, el tratamiento de la información, las comunicaciones avanzadas, y la biotecnología y por un cambio en la mentalidad del "estado de bienestar" en lo que concierne a las preocupaciones por la calidad de vida y la intimidad, es recomendable que los valores tradicionales rígidos con respecto al trabajo, sean reestructurados según los nuevos criterios sociales y económicos. Los problemas sociales actuales - por ejemplo, el alto desempleo y las injusticias sociales entre aquéllos incluidos en la jerarquía de la alta tecnología y aquéllos que son excluidos a causa de unas habilidades y una educación obsoletas - se podrían mejorar por medio de una mayor preocupación por el capital humano, la desburocratización, y a través de iniciativas sociales. Se detallan las estrategias específicas para tales cambios, como por ejemplo aquellas propuestas por A. Gorz ("El que no trabaje, comerá", Letra Internacional, 1986, 3.

  11. Evolution of Cooperation in Adaptive Social Networks

    Science.gov (United States)

    Segbroeck, Sven Van; Santos, Francisco C.; Traulsen, Arne; Lenaerts, Tom; Pacheco, Jorge M.

    Humans are organized in societies, a phenomenon that would never have been possible without the evolution of cooperative behavior. Several mechanisms that foster this evolution have been unraveled over the years, with population structure as a prominent promoter of cooperation. Modern networks of exchange and cooperation are, however, becoming increasingly volatile, and less and less based on long-term stable structure. Here, we address how this change of paradigm aspects the evolution of cooperation. We discuss analytical and numerical models in which individuals can break social ties and create new ones. Interactions are modeled as two-player dilemmas of cooperation. Once a link between two individuals has formed, the productivity of this link is evaluated. Links can be broken off at different rates. This individual capacity of forming new links or severing inconvenient ones can effectively change the nature of the game. We address random formation of new links and local linking rules as well as different individual capacities to maintain social interactions. We conclude by discussing how adaptive social networks can become an important step towards more realistic models of cultural dynamics.

  12. Enhancing maya women's development through cooperative associations : what factors support or restrict the contribution of cooperatives?

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Osorio Vazquez, Maria Cristina

    2017-01-01

    With the aim of contributing to the development of Mayan women living in the Yucatan Peninsula, this research focused on determine the factors that support or inhibit the sustainability of micro-businesses cooperatives, which are organizations with innovative elements that allow Mayan women to work

  13. PROSPECTS FOR AGRICULTURAL COOPERATIVES IN ROMANIA IN THE CONTEXT OF CAP REFORM 2014-2020

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Maria Magdalena TUREK RAHOVEANU

    2012-01-01

    Full Text Available European and global cooperative sector is a powerful economic and social actors within these societies, with significant results can be summarized as market shares both in their work and contribution to GDP and the number of members and the welfare of citizens offered through job creation. Global cooperative activity operates on cooperative principles cooperative companies regularly reviewed by members of the International Cooperative Alliance (ICA. This cooperative movement worldwide organization founded in 1889, is composed of 226 active cooperatives in all sectors of the economy that brings together more than 800 million members in 89 countries. This work is part of the CAP reform in Europe after 2013, by which Romania will have to undergo a series of transformations including: promoting and encouraging cooperation and association in agriculture; stimulate the development of alternative economic activities such as organic farming, ecotourism, development and promotion of local products labeled specialized human capital development and collaboration and sharing of best practices with experts from other EU Member States. Macroeconomic paper wants to answer a series of questions: Is a viable alternative for Agricultural Cooperative Farm? What is the economic and social impact of cooperatives in the next stage? Through agricultural cooperatives can better penetrate markets closer to the consumer? What is the specific model of cooperation forward Romanian society?

  14. Global Education and the Cooperation of NGOs and Schools: A German Case Study

    Science.gov (United States)

    Bergmüller, Claudia

    2016-01-01

    In recent years, there has been growing pressure but also an increase of possibilities for non-governmental organizations (NGOs) to cooperate with schools in the field of global education. However, especially in cases of more continuous forms of cooperation, difficulties in process management are noted and the intended cooperation impacts often…

  15. Coaction versus reciprocity in continuous-time models of cooperation.

    Science.gov (United States)

    van Doorn, G Sander; Riebli, Thomas; Taborsky, Michael

    2014-09-07

    Cooperating animals frequently show closely coordinated behaviours organized by a continuous flow of information between interacting partners. Such real-time coaction is not captured by the iterated prisoner's dilemma and other discrete-time reciprocal cooperation games, which inherently feature a delay in information exchange. Here, we study the evolution of cooperation when individuals can dynamically respond to each other's actions. We develop continuous-time analogues of iterated-game models and describe their dynamics in terms of two variables, the propensity of individuals to initiate cooperation (altruism) and their tendency to mirror their partner's actions (coordination). These components of cooperation stabilize at an evolutionary equilibrium or show oscillations, depending on the chosen payoff parameters. Unlike reciprocal altruism, cooperation by coaction does not require that those willing to initiate cooperation pay in advance for uncertain future benefits. Correspondingly, we show that introducing a delay to information transfer between players is equivalent to increasing the cost of cooperation. Cooperative coaction can therefore evolve much more easily than reciprocal cooperation. When delays entirely prevent coordination, we recover results from the discrete-time alternating prisoner's dilemma, indicating that coaction and reciprocity are connected by a continuum of opportunities for real-time information exchange. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  16. Cooperation of Atomehnergoehksport and Skodaexport in the sphere of atomic power engineering

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Gulko, V.D.

    1986-01-01

    The cooperation is briefly outlined of the Czechoslovak foreign trade organization Skodaexport and its Soviet counterpart Atomehnergoehksport in nuclear power engineering. Thanks to this cooperation within socialist economic integration, 12 WWER-440 units of a total capacity of 5,280 MWe will be built in Czechoslovakia by 1990 followed by the construction of WWER-1000 reactors. Thus, by the year 2000, the total installed capacity in Czechoslovakia will be 15 to 16 thousand MWe. The reactors are being built according to Soviet project designs, with active participation of Soviet experts and organizations. Within the project of cooperation, the Soviet Union also supplies Czechoslovakia with nuclear fuel and regularly provides spent fuel disposal. On the other hand, Czechoslovakia supplies the Soviet Union and other CMEA member countries with reactor components, especially WWER-440 primary circuit equipment, and will become the main supplier of WWER-1000 primary circuit equipment, both according to Soviet project designs. This and close cooperation of Czechoslovak and Soviet organizations ranks Czechoslovakia among the major suppliers of technological equipment for nuclear power plants in CMEA countries. (L.O.)

  17. Alfabetización informacional para una sociedad intercultural: algunas iniciativas desde las bibliotecas públicas.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    María Pinto

    2008-02-01

    Full Text Available La Biblioteca Pública, como vehículo abierto del conocimiento, es un soporte esencial para la educación permanente, el progreso cultural de la persona y los grupos sociales que configuran un entorno determinado. En la actual Sociedad de la Información y del Conocimiento, desde las bibliotecas públicas hay que hacer frente a nuevos retos: la aparición de la ya conocida brecha digital que ahonda en desigualdades anteriores no resueltas, la globalización cultural, la nueva sociedad multicultural... En su papel proactivo, las bibliotecas públicas pueden desarrollar un papel decisivo en la integración de los grupos minoritarios en la sociedad de acogida a través de la promoción del intercambio de culturas y de programas de formación en alfabetización informacional. Al tiempo, pueden servir como foro de aprendizaje intercultural para la comunidad de la sociedad de acogida. Reflexionaremos sobre estos aspectos y daremos cuenta de algunas propuestas de interés puestas en marcha para favorecer la alfabetización informacional intercultural desde las bibliotecas públicas de hoy en día, destacando aquéllas que deben poseer los ciudadanos para interactuar con la información y el conocimiento de forma efectiva, asumiendo además el valor del respeto a las diferencias.

  18. O ser humano da sociedade capitalista na concepção de Erich Fromm

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Edmilson Ferreira Marques

    2010-07-01

    Full Text Available

    A proposta deste texto é buscar na psicanálise pensada e desenvolvida por Erich Fromm elementos para se pensar o ser humano da sociedade capitalista. Erich Fromm, dentre a maioria dos psicanalistas existentes, desde Freud, procurou desenvolver suas pesquisas e reflexões a partir da “psicanálise humanista”, oferecendo, assim, recursos heurísticos fundamentais para se pensar a vida na sociedade. Nesse sentido, propomos analisar primeiramente o seu método de análise, a partir do qual acreditamos ser fundamental para compreender o procedimento teórico/metodológico que utilizava para pensar os temas por ele abordados, e, nesse sentido, encontrar o caminho a ser percorrido na busca em seu pensamento da seguinte questão: como abordar a partir de seu ponto de vista, o ser humano da sociedade capitalista? Enfim, propomos uma avaliação da própria teoria de Fromm, apontando suas principais contribuições.

  19. The excuse principle can maintain cooperation through forgivable defection in the Prisoner's Dilemma game

    Science.gov (United States)

    Krams, Indrikis; Kokko, Hanna; Vrublevska, Jolanta; Āboliņš-Ābols, Mikus; Krama, Tatjana; Rantala, Markus J.

    2013-01-01

    Reciprocal altruism describes a situation in which an organism acts in a manner that temporarily reduces its fitness while increasing another organism's fitness, but there is an ultimate fitness benefit based on an expectation that the other organism will act in a similar manner at a later time. It creates the obvious dilemma in which there is always a short-term benefit to cheating, therefore cooperating individuals must avoid being exploited by non-cooperating cheaters. This is achieved by following various decision rules, usually variants of the tit-for-tat (TFT) strategy. The strength of TFT, however, is also its weakness—mistakes in implementation or interpretation of moves, or the inability to cooperate, lead to a permanent breakdown in cooperation. We show that pied flycatchers (Ficedula hypoleuca) use a TFT with an embedded ‘excuse principle’ to forgive the neighbours that were perceived as unable to cooperate during mobbing of predators. The excuse principle dramatically increases the stability of TFT-like behavioural strategies within the Prisoner's Dilemma game. PMID:23864603

  20. A project in support of international nuclear cooperation activities

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Lee, Jeongkong; Kim, Myungro; Choi, Pyunghoon; Kim, Kyungpyo; Jung, Sunghyon; Park, Jiyeon; Eom, Jaesik; Kim, Wangkeun; Chung, Byungsun

    2011-12-15

    This study contains the work undertaken to promote multilateral cooperation within the framework of international nuclear related organizations and regional cooperative agreements and the relevant forums, to enhance bilateral cooperation with foreign nuclear related research institutes as well as to promote cooperation through the exchange of foreign scientists. As for multilateral cooperation, activities for promoting cooperation within the IAEA and regional cooperative frameworks are introduced. Regarding bilateral cooperation, activities for concluding arrangements and MOUs with foreign research institutes and for participation in joint nuclear coordinating committee meetings between Korea and other countries are presented. For promoting personnel exchanges, activities for inviting and utilizing foreign scientists and mutual discussions with foreign experts, who have visited KAERI, are also described. Continuous efforts to contributing towards the international community through utilizing Korea's experience gained in the process of technical self-reliance and development of human resources are needed. Also efforts to establish the foundation of international cooperation and to make inroad into overseas nuclear markets for export of our nuclear technologies should be made. Meanwhile in the bilateral cooperation, we need to beef up cooperation with U. S. A. and Canada through the joint committee for the joint export to third countries. It is expected that this study would be utilized as a basic material for the international cooperation of nuclear energy, especially for the KAERI's international cooperation in an effective way.

  1. Enresa International Cooperation

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Rodriguez Beceiro, A.

    1998-01-01

    The Empresa Nacional de Residuos Radiactivos, S.A. (ENRESA) was set up in 1984 with the mandate to undertake responsibility for radioactive waste management in Spain. From the very beginning, ENRESA was fully aware of the fact that international cooperation plays a very important role in the development of national programmes. Aspects such as the setting up of international databases, the development and validation of models or site characterization technique such enormous efforts and amounts of resources that they could hardly be undertaken individually. Furthermore, joint participation in research, development and demonstration projects reinforces the level of confidence, not only in the decision-making process but also in the technologies, techniques and practices used. ENRESA's participation in the international contexts is largely defined, on the one hand, by the needs arising from its technical programme, as reflected in the General Radioactive Waste Plan and in the Research and Development Plan, and on the other by the need to support spanish governmental institutions in their participation in inter-governmental institutions in their participation in inter-governmental forums. The formula for cooperation varies according to needs, this cooperation generally being accomplished by means of bilateral agreements with other institutions having similar competence or by participating in the programmes of inter-governmental organizations. In particular, ENRESA has reached cooperation agreements with most of the agencies with similar responsibilities in other countries and participates very actively in the programmes of the European Union, the Nuclear energy Agency (NEA/OECD) and the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). (Author)

  2. Es que vamos hacia una sociedad de la información

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Dr. José Manuel de Pablos Coello

    1999-01-01

    Full Text Available En la sociedad de la información que se avecina la transparencia es una de las claves. A través de la pequeña pantalla de la nueva tecnología telefónica, el usuario empieza a disfrutar de un primer estadio de interactividad digital. Otra de las características es la apertura de la tecnología hacia nuevas formas de operaciones y operadores. El temor que expresa el autor es el uso abusivo que las empresas puedan hacer de los datos manifestados de una llamada telefónica. Considera que es ahí donde ha de actuar el legislador para evitar que se haga un uso económico de datos ajenos, pero no impidiendo la glassnot de la sociedad de la información, todavía en etapa infantil y débil.

  3. DOE/ABACC safeguards cooperation

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Whitaker, J.M.; Toth, P.; Rubio, J.

    1995-01-01

    In 1994, the US Department of Energy (DOE) and the Brazilian-Argentine Agency for Accounting and Control of Nuclear Materials (ABACC) signed a safeguards cooperation agreement. The agreement provides for cooperation in the areas of nuclear material control, accountancy, verification, and advanced containment and surveillance technologies for international safeguards applications. ABACC is an international safeguards organization responsible for verifying the commitments of a 1991 bilateral agreement between Argentina and Brazil in which both countries agreed to submit all nuclear material in all nuclear activities to a Common System of Accounting and Control of Nuclear Materials (SCCC). DOE provides critical assistance (including equipment and training) through the Office of Nonproliferation and National Security to countries and international organizations to enhance their capabilities to control and verify nuclear material inventories. Specific activities initiated under the safeguards agreement include: (1) active US participation in ABACC's safeguards training courses, (2) joint development of specialized measurement training workshops, (3) characterization of laboratory standards, and (4) development and application of an extensive analytical laboratory comparison program. The results realized from these initial activities have been mutually beneficial in regard to strengthening the application of international safeguards in Argentina and Brazil

  4. Overview of Cooperative Monitoring Concepts and the CMC

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Biringer, Kent L.

    1999-01-01

    Cooperative monitoring holds the promise of utilizing many technologies from conflicts of the past to implement agreements of peace in the future. Important approaches to accomplish this are to develop the framework for assessing monitoring opportunities and to provide education and training on the technologies and experience available for sharing with others. The Cooperative Monitoring Center (CMC) at Sandia National Laboratories is working closely with agencies throughout the federal government, academics at home and abroad, and regional organizations to provide the technical tools needed to assess, design, analyze, and implement these cooperative agreements. In doing so, the goals of building regional confidence and increasing trust and communication can be furthered

  5. A Project in Support of International Nuclear Cooperation

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Kim, Myung Ro; Kim, Kyoung Pyo; Lee, Jeong Kong; Jung, Sung Hyon; Shim, Jae Sun

    2008-12-15

    The objective of this study is to establish the strategies of international cooperation in order to promote our nation's leading role in international community, to lay the foundation for the effective transfer of nuclear technology to developing countries, and to cope with the rapidly changing in the international nuclear communities. This study contains the work undertaken to promote multilateral cooperation within the framework of international nuclear related organizations and regional cooperative agreements and the relevant forums, to enhance bilateral cooperation with foreign nuclear related research institutes as well as to promote cooperation through the exchange of foreign scientists. As for multilateral cooperation, activities for promoting cooperation within the IAEA and regional cooperative frameworks are introduced. Regarding bilateral cooperation, activities for concluding arrangements and MOUs with foreign research institutes and for participation in joint nuclear coordinating committee meetings between Korea and other countries are presented. For promoting personnel exchanges, activities for inviting and utilizing foreign scientists and mutual discussions with foreign experts, who have visited KAERI, are also described. Continuous efforts to contributing towards the international community through utilizing Korea's experience gained in the process of technical self-reliance and development of human resources are needed. Also efforts to establish the foundation of international cooperation and to make inroad into overseas nuclear markets for export of our nuclear technologies should be made. Meanwhile in the bilateral cooperation, we need to beef up cooperation with U.S.A. and Canada through the joint committee for the joint export to third countries. It is expected that this study would be utilized as a basic material for the international cooperation of nuclear energy, especially for the KAERI's international cooperation in an

  6. A Project in Support of International Nuclear Cooperation

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Kim, Myung Ro; Kim, Kyoung Pyo; Lee, Jeong Kong; Jung, Sung Hyon; Shim, Jae Sun

    2009-01-15

    The objective of this study is to establish the strategies of international cooperation in order to promote our nation's leading role in international community, to lay the foundation for the effective transfer of nuclear technology to developing countries, and to cope with the rapidly changing in the international nuclear communities. This study contains the work undertaken to promote multilateral cooperation within the framework of international nuclear related organizations and regional cooperative agreements and the relevant forums, to enhance bilateral cooperation with foreign nuclear related research institutes as well as to promote cooperation through the exchange of foreign scientists. As for multilateral cooperation, activities for promoting cooperation within the IAEA and regional cooperative frameworks are introduced. Regarding bilateral cooperation, activities for concluding arrangements and MOUs with foreign research institutes and for participation in joint nuclear coordinating committee meetings between Korea and other countries are presented. For promoting personnel exchanges, activities for inviting and utilizing foreign scientists and mutual discussions with foreign experts, who have visited KAERI, are also described. Continuous efforts to contributing towards the international community through utilizing Korea's experience gained in the process of technical self-reliance and development of human resources are needed. Also efforts to establish the foundation of international cooperation and to make inroad into overseas nuclear markets for export of our nuclear technologies should be made. Meanwhile in the bilateral cooperation, we need to beef up cooperation with U.S.A. and Canada through the joint committee for the joint export to third countries. It is expected that this study would be utilized as a basic material for the international cooperation of nuclear energy, especially for the KAERI's international cooperation in an

  7. Terceiro setor e biopolítica: as organizações diante da sociedade de massas

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Flavia Leticia Biff Cera

    2005-01-01

    Full Text Available As organizações do terceiro setor aparecem como uma solução do Estado e da sociedade civil para alcançar uma parcela da sociedade que parece tão distante e necessitada. No entanto temos em sua atuação, bem como na produção acadêmica, contradições fortes que parecem não ser observadas. Partindo deste princípio, o artigo tenta esclarecer estas controvérsias com base em conceitos importantes retirados de Arendt, Foucault, Agamben e demais autores que vislumbram a condição do homem e da sociedade contemporânea. Concomitantemente confrontamos estas posições com a produção teórica do terceiro setor, com o intuito de elucidar a atuação destas organizações e de lançar um olhar crítico sobre as mesmas.

  8. Sociedade cabocla: participação e diversidade na Amazônia

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Raquel Caribé Grando

    2011-07-01

    Full Text Available ADAMS, Cristina; MURRIETA, Rui; NEVES, Walter (Eds.. Sociedades caboclas amazônicas: modernidade e invisibilidade. São Paulo: Annablume, 2006. 364 p.; 16 X 23 cm. ISBN 85-7419-644-4.

  9. Civil society and political power in the Dominican Republic Sociedad civil y poder político en República Dominicana

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jana MORGAN

    2011-03-01

    Full Text Available In the Latin American context, the Dominican Republic displays high levels of civic engagement and political activism, yet they have not translated into a civil society that is able to exercise considerable influence in reforming the political system or enhancing democracy. Building on this observation, this article explores two questions. The first is if there is tendency toward dual participation in civic and political organizations, which reduces civil society’s ability to pressure political parties and the State. The second refers to the nature of the connections that civil society participants have with the State and with political parties. The analysis demonstrates that an important segment of the population that participates in civic associations also participates in political parties and in clientelist networks.República Dominicana registra un alto nivel de asociacionismo social y activismo político en el contexto latinoamericano. Esto, sin embargo, no se ha traducido en mayor capacidad de la sociedad civil dominicana para reformar el sistema político y mejorar la democracia. Con este planteamiento de fondo, se exploran dos preguntas. La primera es si existe una tendencia a la coparticipación en las organizaciones sociales y políticas que reduce la capacidad de presión de la sociedad civil sobre los partidos y el Estado. La segunda refiere a la naturaleza del vínculo de los participantes en organizaciones de la sociedad civil con el Estado y los partidos. El análisis muestra el involucramiento de un segmento de participantes en actividades cívicas, también en actividades partidarias y en redes clientelares.

  10. EDUCAÇÃO E SOCIEDADE: UM ESTUDO EXPLORATÓRIO ACERCA DOS MEANDROS DA VIOLÊNCIA JUVENIL

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Adriana Aparecida Souza

    2015-08-01

    Full Text Available A proposição básica deste artigo é apresentar um estudo exploratório acerca de violência e sociedade com ênfase em estudos sobre violência juvenil. Objetiva-se, assim, compreender o fenômeno da violência de forma situada nos espaços nos quais os jovens se inserem no Brasil, visando detectar os prolegômenos que incidem sobre as práticas de violência: sofrida e cometida por jovens. Assim, apreende-se a problemática que envolve a violência em suas diversas modalidades e dimensões, inserida no contexto histórico das sociedades do Século XXI, por meio de estudos em autores que discutem sobre o tema no cenário mundial e brasileiro; bem como apresentando dados disponibilizados em domínio público sobre violência e sociedade no Brasil. Considera-se que, a violência vivenciada pelos jovens tem consequências e repercussões em suas vidas e na sociedade. Desse modo, requer compreendê-la como prática social aética, como um impedimento de fato; uma ação contrária a qualquer processo socializador.

  11. Education, ethics, and solidarity in international cooperation.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Castro, Janete Lima de; Vilar, Rosana Lucia Alves de; Germano, Raimunda Medeiros

    2015-01-01

    The article analyzes an experience in technical cooperation between Brazil and Andean countries in the form of the International Course in the Management of Human Resource Policies in Health. This exploratory documental study encompassed a number of Latin American countries whose institutions of higher education had partnerships with the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, mediated by the Pan American Health Organization Representation in Brazil. The course experience shows that fundamental values like ethics and solidarity are determinant to the success of technical cooperation processes.

  12. The organization of organ procurement.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Prottas, J M

    1989-01-01

    The American organ procurement system has improved and matured in the last five years. At the same time, the basic challenges facing it have remained substantially the same because the moral and legal framework of the system has not changed. Success at organ procurement continues to depend on the voluntary cooperation of medical professionals and the families of potential organ donors. The generosity of the American public is so great that the primary challenge facing organ procurement agencies is obtaining cooperation from hospitals and medical professionals. This calls for a "marketing" orientation aimed at those hospitals and professionals who are most likely to treat potential donors. The last five years have seen a more general acceptance of this appreciation of the central task of organ procurement. As a result, the overall effectiveness of the system has improved, as measured by the number of organs procured on a per capita basis and by the number of multiorgan donors obtained. Much of this improvement can be attributed to the diffusion of organizational techniques and approaches, and this diffusion has been encouraged by the involvement of national organizations and public bodies in the organ procurement community. The system remains uneven in its effectiveness and further improvement is possible. It is also possible that the next general round of improvement will result from the application of businesslike information management and marketing techniques.

  13. Egypt--United States cooperative energy assessment: report on preliminary discussions

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    1978-04-01

    Egyptian and U.S. Government representatives met in Cairo during the period of February 14-22, 1978 to discuss a cooperative Egypt-U.S. assessment of the energy demand and supply options available to Egypt. This report summarizes those preliminary discussions. The discussions accomplished the following: the background and objectives of the U.S. initiative for a cooperative energy assessment with Egypt were explained; Egyptian electric energy activities and their priorities were presented; methods under consideration for the systematic identification and assessment of energy options available to Egypt were explained; the cooperation of Egyptian energy resource and planning organizations was assured; and arrangements to carry out the cooperative assessment were planned.

  14. The NATO and Russia: is the Antiterrorist Cooperation Possible?

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Надежда Викторовна Шуленина

    2011-06-01

    Full Text Available The article is devoted to the questions of the NATO-Russia antiterrorist cooperation organization. Problems which partners face organizing it are considered by authors. The sight is given not only from Russia's point of view, but also from the position of NATO.

  15. To cooperate or not to cooperate

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Wessels, Josepha Ivanka

    To Cooperate or not to Cooperate...? discusses results of a research project to study the rehabilitation of 1500-year old water tunnels, so called "qanats", in Syria. Communities all over the world are using traditional technologies to extract drinkingwater, irrigate their lands and feed...... their livestock. But these often sustainable and ancient ways to make use of groundwater are in rapid decline worldwide. A research project started in 1999 to study the rehabilitation of 1500-year old water tunnels called "qanats"in Syria. To Cooperate or not to Cooperate...? discusses results and outcomes...

  16. Proposal for a Co-operation Agreement between the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) and the Vietnamese Academy of Science and Technology (VAST) concerning Scientific and Technical Co-o

    CERN Document Server

    2006-01-01

    Proposal for a Co-operation Agreement between the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) and the Vietnamese Academy of Science and Technology (VAST) concerning Scientific and Technical Co-o

  17. 39 CFR 230.3 - Cooperation with the Office of Inspector General.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-07-01

    ... 39 Postal Service 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Cooperation with the Office of Inspector General. 230.3 Section 230.3 Postal Service UNITED STATES POSTAL SERVICE ORGANIZATION AND ADMINISTRATION OFFICE OF INSPECTOR GENERAL General Policy and Authority § 230.3 Cooperation with the Office of Inspector...

  18. The Korean Peninsula Energy Development Organization : implications for Northeast Asian regional security co-operation?

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Snyder, S.

    2000-01-01

    This paper identifies opportunities for co-operation on regional development and security in the North Pacific region. The Korean Peninsula Energy Development Organization (KEDO) was created in 1993 during bilateral negotiations between the United States and the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (US-DPRK) over North Korea's alleged nuclear weapons program. The negotiations resulted in an agreement to freeze North Korea's known nuclear weapons program in return for the construction of two proliferation-resistant 100 MWe light water reactors (LWR) in North Korea, and the provision of 500,000 tons of heavy fuel oil per year until the completion of the LWR construction as compensation for lost energy production capacity resulting from the shutting down of North Korea's nuclear reactors. The author described the activities of KEDO and examined its internal dynamics. The unique circumstances that produced the Agreed Framework and KEDO in response to a major international crisis of the nuclear program in the DPRK were also highlighted along with the US-DPRK bilateral agreement and the multilateral institution involving the United States, South Korea, Japan and the European Union. Financial support from Australia and Canada was discussed along with the mechanism for engaging North Korea in regularized interaction and technical cooperation. It was concluded that KEDO's record of successes and failures is mixed. The energy security issue has been identified as an area that could result in conflict among Northeast Asian countries which are increasingly dependent on oil supplies from the Middle East. In response, numerous multilateral financing mechanisms have been developed to promote joint business opportunities that exploit natural gas resources in the Russian Far East to address Japanese, Korean and Chinese energy needs. 35 refs

  19. The effect of heterogeneous defectors on the evolution of public cooperation

    Science.gov (United States)

    Chen, Tong; Hu, Xuezhi; Wang, Yongjie; Wang, Le

    2018-06-01

    In recent years,more and more private capital join the construction of cultural facilities and the organization of cultural activities in China. Actually, the organization of cultural activities by crowd-funding mechanism is a kind of multi-player game. Not all players who donate different amount of money are real cooperators. In fact, some cunning defectors may donate a little money to avoid the gossip and punishment. This part of people are very tricky. They could be seen as heterogeneous defectors. The role of heterogeneous defectors is investigated in cooperative behaviors of complex social network. Numerical results show that heterogeneous defectors could be a buffer for maintaining the public pool when synergy factor is low in public goods game (PGG). It is relatively easy to be cooperators for heterogeneous defectors when synergy factor is high in PGG. To better improve cooperation, punishment towards heterogeneous defectors and complete defectors is introduced. We are glad to find that when the defectors' loss is equal to or larger than the altruistic cooperators' punishment cost, the mechanism could make great effect. In addition, the role of heterogeneous defectors depends on the relationship between the punishment cost and the defectors' loss.

  20. Sociedad Española y Medicina del Trabajo del siglo XXI

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    María Castellano Arroyo

    2014-01-01

    Full Text Available En este artículo se hace un repaso por los cambios ocurridos en la sociedad española desde la perspectiva demográfica, los movimientos migratorios, los modelos familiares, la cultura y la educación, la situación económica o la tecnología. Se analizan las características de la población activa, desempleada y jubilada. Desde esta perspectiva, se analizan los objetivos de la Medicina del Trabajo y su oportunidad de ofrecer aportaciones imaginativas en la sociedad del futuro, progresivamente más envejecida. La investigación, la promoción de la salud y la formación en hábitos saludables desde la edad laboral juvenil, la mejor integración de la población trabajadora, etc., proporcionará una mejor salud no solo en la época laboral, sino mucho más allá cuando se haya producido la jubilación.

  1. De seducciones y desengaños de la política en la sociedad de la comunicación

    OpenAIRE

    Marín Ardila, Luis Fernando; Pontificia Universidad Javeriana

    2004-01-01

    Este artículo pretende resaltar algunos fenómenos políticos generados en el contexto de la descripción de las sociedades actuales como sociedades de la comunicación. La política se ha visto interpelada por la enorme imoprtancia que para el funcionamiento de la actual sociedad tienen los medios de comunicación. De tal suerte que ésta (la política) usa a los medios para darse a conocer, pero simultáneamente se transforma para adecuarse a los códigos propios de esta comunicación mediática. Por e...

  2. Education, ethics, and solidarity in international cooperation

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Janete Lima de Castro

    2015-03-01

    Full Text Available The article analyzes an experience in technical cooperation between Brazil and Andean countries in the form of the International Course in the Management of Human Resource Policies in Health. This exploratory documental study encompassed a number of Latin American countries whose institutions of higher education had partnerships with the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, mediated by the Pan American Health Organization Representation in Brazil. The course experience shows that fundamental values like ethics and solidarity are determinant to the success of technical cooperation processes.

  3. Intuition, deliberation, and the evolution of cooperation.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Bear, Adam; Rand, David G

    2016-01-26

    Humans often cooperate with strangers, despite the costs involved. A long tradition of theoretical modeling has sought ultimate evolutionary explanations for this seemingly altruistic behavior. More recently, an entirely separate body of experimental work has begun to investigate cooperation's proximate cognitive underpinnings using a dual-process framework: Is deliberative self-control necessary to reign in selfish impulses, or does self-interested deliberation restrain an intuitive desire to cooperate? Integrating these ultimate and proximate approaches, we introduce dual-process cognition into a formal game-theoretic model of the evolution of cooperation. Agents play prisoner's dilemma games, some of which are one-shot and others of which involve reciprocity. They can either respond by using a generalized intuition, which is not sensitive to whether the game is one-shot or reciprocal, or pay a (stochastically varying) cost to deliberate and tailor their strategy to the type of game they are facing. We find that, depending on the level of reciprocity and assortment, selection favors one of two strategies: intuitive defectors who never deliberate, or dual-process agents who intuitively cooperate but sometimes use deliberation to defect in one-shot games. Critically, selection never favors agents who use deliberation to override selfish impulses: Deliberation only serves to undermine cooperation with strangers. Thus, by introducing a formal theoretical framework for exploring cooperation through a dual-process lens, we provide a clear answer regarding the role of deliberation in cooperation based on evolutionary modeling, help to organize a growing body of sometimes-conflicting empirical results, and shed light on the nature of human cognition and social decision making.

  4. 75 FR 10319 - Cooper Tools-Sumter, Cooper Tools Divisions, a Subsidiary of Cooper Industries, Inc., Including...

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-03-05

    ... DEPARTMENT OF LABOR Employment and Training Administration [TA-W-71,602] Cooper Tools--Sumter, Cooper Tools Divisions, a Subsidiary of Cooper Industries, Inc., Including On-Site Leased Workers From... January 26, 2010, applicable to workers of Cooper Tools--Sumter, Cooper Tools Division, a subsidiary of...

  5. Fuel irradiation research of Japan at Halden reactor. Achievement of cooperative researches between JAERI and several organizations in the period from 2000 to 2002 (Joint research)

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    2004-03-01

    JAERI has performed cooperative researches with several Japanese organizations utilizing the Halden Boiling Heavy Water Reactor(HBWR) which is located at Halden in Norway. These researches are carried out based on the contracts of the cooperative researches, which are revised every three years, in accordance with the renewal of the participation of JAERI to the OECD Halden Reactor Project. This report summarizes the objectives, contents and outlines of the achievements of the cooperative researches during the three years from 2000 January to 2002 December. During the period, seven cooperative researches had been carried out. Two of them had been completed and other five researches have been continued to the next three-year period. Most of them are irradiation test researches of advanced fuel and cladding in order to prepare the higher burnup utilization and introduction of LWR fuel and MOX fuel in LWRs of Japan. As the researches of fuel irradiation usually take long time for preparing test and irradiation, three years are usually not enough to obtain some achievements from the irradiation tests. Therefore, five cooperative researches have been continued to the next three-year period. In this report, the achievements of the researches continued to the next period are not final one but a kind of progress report. (author)

  6. Cooperative particle motion in complex (dusty) plasmas

    Science.gov (United States)

    Zhdanov, Sergey; Morfill, Gregor

    2014-05-01

    Strongly coupled complex (dusty) plasmas give us a unique opportunity to go beyond the limits of continuous media and study various generic processes occurring in liquids or solids at the kinetic level. A particularly interesting and challenging topic is to study dynamic cooperativity at local and intermediate scales. As an important element of self-organization, cooperative particle motion is present in many physical, astrophysical and biological systems. As a rule, cooperative dynamics, bringing to life 'abnormal' effects like enhanced diffusion, self-dragging, or self-propelling of particles, hold aspects of 'strange' kinetics. The synergy effects are also important. Such kind of cooperative behavior was evidenced for string-like formations of colloidal rods, dynamics of mono- and di-vacancies in 2d colloidal crystals. Externally manipulated 'dust molecules' and self-assembled strings in driven 3d particle clusters were other noticeable examples. There is a certain advantage to experiment with complex plasmas merely because these systems are easy to manipulate in a controllable way. We report on the first direct observation of microparticle cooperative movements occurring under natural conditions in a 2d complex plasma.

  7. [Social cooperatives in Italy].

    Science.gov (United States)

    Villotti, P; Zaniboni, S; Fraccaroli, F

    2014-06-01

    This paper describes the role of social cooperatives in Italy as a type of economic, non-profit organization and their role in contributing to the economic and social growth of the country. The purpose of this paper is to learn more about the experience of the Italian social cooperatives in promoting the work integration process of disadvantaged workers, especially those suffering from mental disorders, from a theoretical and an empirical point of view. Social enterprise is the most popular and consolidated legal and organizational model for social enterprises in Italy, introduced by Law 381/91. Developed during the early 1980s, and formally recognized by law in the early 1990s, social cooperatives aim at pursuing the general interest of the community to promote the human needs and social inclusion of citizens. They are orientated towards aims that go beyond the interest of the business owners, the primary beneficiary of their activities is the community, or groups of disadvantaged people. In Italy, Law 381/91 distinguishes between two categories of social cooperatives, those producing goods of social utility, such as culture, welfare and educational services (A-type), and those providing economic activities for the integration of disadvantaged people into employment (B-type). The main purpose of B-type social cooperatives is to integrate disadvantaged people into the open labour market. This goal is reached after a period of training and working experience inside the firm, during which the staff works to improve both the social and professional abilities of disadvantaged people. During the years, B-type social co-ops acquired a particular relevance in the care of people with mental disorders by offering them with job opportunities. Having a job is central in the recovery process of people suffering from mental diseases, meaning that B-type social co-ops in Italy play an important rehabilitative and integrative role for this vulnerable population of workers. The

  8. Cooperatives – Promoters of Social Economy in Romania

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Martin Balogh,

    2012-12-01

    Full Text Available The present article makes an analysis of cooperatives in Romania in terms of their role in the context of socio-economic development of society by generating new jobs and social integration, by eradicating poverty and by inclusion of vulnerable groups and categories. Since the cooperative phenomenon has become a highly visible and present one in the European and Romanian public life, through this paper we want to answer a series of questions related to the occurrence and evolution of cooperatives at national and international level, the approaches to this phenomenon which have emerged at European level and which are the regulations governing their organization and operation in the Romanian space.

  9. Analfabetismo tecnológico en la sociedad de la información

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Pedro Antonio Rojo Villada

    2015-01-01

    Full Text Available Las nuevas tecnologías han convulsionado la vieja sociedad industrial, forjando nuevas relaciones económicas. El reto de la Sociedad de la Información es más un desafío cultural y social que puramente tecnológico. Las nuevas tecnologías de la información se están convirtiendo en un factor de referencia fundamental para la época de transición y crisis como la que se vive hoy. Todas las prospectivas parecen prever que en el futuro las redes de comunicación serán impulsadoras de cambios en el sistema socio económico de las naciones. Sin embargo la complejidad intrínseca a las nuevas tecnologías acaba generando analfabetismo tecnológico que excluye a grandes sectores de la población.

  10. Monográfico Turismo y Sociedad Global · Presentación

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Maximiliano E. Korstanje

    2015-04-01

    Full Text Available Las industrias culturales como el turismo, la movilidad y el cine han jugado un rol importante a la hora de sentar las bases para la creación de un estereotipo colectivo globalizado de ciudadanía. No obstante, el problema se suscita por la interrelación económica que la crisis generada por unos pocos arrastra a todos hacia el barranco. La última gran crisis financiera, de 2008, demuestra dos aspectos importantes de la globalización. Primero, la falta de barreras internacionales para moderar la especulación como forma de relación primaria en las sociedades capitalistas. Segundo, la ineficacia de la “doctrina económica clásica” para comprender la real dimensión de la crisis. El préstamo indiscriminado por parte de ciertas economías centrales y la falta de controles de los organismos internacionales de crédito han acelerado la dinámica globalizadora, empero con sus beneficios también vienen los fantasmas. ¿Qué tipo de sociedad vamos a tener una vez salgamos de esta crisis? En concreto, ¿cómo va a ser el turismo en esta nueva sociedad? En este número especial nos hemos planteado estas preguntas cruciales, centrando el foco en el fenómeno turístico al considerar que, por su papel decisivo en los regímenes de bienestar y consumo, puede servir a la perfección como analizador del proceso globalizador en el que nos encontramos y proporcionarnos pistas de las tendencias que marcarán la pauta en los próximos años.

  11. Evolving and Strengthening the Cooperative Approach for Agroforestry Farmers in Bangladesh: Lessons Learned from the Shimogo Cooperative in Japan

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Kazi Kamrul Islam

    2018-02-01

    Full Text Available Although an agro-based country, the farmers of Bangladesh do not receive significant returns from their products, due to some obstacles blocking the achievement of this ultimate goal. This study tries to identify the major challenges of the agroforestry product supply chains in Bangladesh, and offer an alternative solution through the involvement and experiences of farmer cooperatives within a Japanese cooperative model. The objectives were outfitted by two case studies, and the Bangladesh case clearly showed that the involvement of many intermediaries in agroforestry product supply chains was one of the main obstacles that stunted the outcomes of the agroforestry programs. The intermediaries have maximized their profit by buying the farmer products at low prices and selling them back at higher prices, which resulted in high marketing margins. Meanwhile, the Japanese case study had articulated that the farmer-driven cooperative approach, with its good marketing strategies and service functions, could successfully eliminate the intermediaries’ involvement in farmer products, and make a cooperative a strong economic organization. Despite a few challenges, the farmer-driven Japanese cooperative approach would be a good solution that could tackle the middleman problem, and make agroforestry a sustainable production system in Bangladesh.

  12. TIC y la transformación de la práctica educativa en el contexto de las sociedades del conocimiento

    OpenAIRE

    González Mariño, Julio César

    2009-01-01

    El presente artículo da cuenta de que el cambio es el rasgo distintivo de la sociedad actual. Haciendo un repaso de los acontecimientos que han marcado a la sociedad en su conjunto hasta las últimas décadas del siglo, caracterizada por la sociedad del conocimiento donde los avances y evolución de las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación, han generado grandes transformaciones y beneficios en muchos sectores, en los que la educación juega un papel muy importante. Destacando que en el...

  13. Cooperative robots and sensor networks 2015

    CERN Document Server

    Dios, JRamiro

    2015-01-01

    This book compiles some of the latest research in cooperation between robots and sensor networks. Structured in twelve chapters, this book addresses fundamental, theoretical, implementation and experimentation issues. The chapters are organized into four parts namely multi-robots systems, data fusion and localization, security and dependability, and mobility.

  14. 9. international congress of the Mexican Hydrogen Society (MHS); 9. congreso Internacional de la Sociedad Mexicana del Hidrogeno (SMH)

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    NONE

    2009-09-15

    The Mexican Hydrogen Society (MHS) and Cinvestav, Saltillo Unit, organized the IX International Congress of the MHS, held in Saltillo, Coahuila, Mexico from September 21 to 25, 2009. Important topics were discussed related to hydrogen technologies, the environment and global climate change during the congress [Spanish] La Sociedad Mexicana del Hidrogeno (SMH) y el Cinvestav, Unidad Saltillo, organizaron el IX Congreso Internacional de la SMH, que se llevo a cabo en la ciudad de Saltillo, Coahuila del 21 al 25 de septiembre de 2009. Durante el desarrollo del Congreso se cubrieron importantes topicos relacionados con las tecnologias del hidrogeno, el medio ambiente y el cambio climatico global.

  15. Stakeholder Management Capability and Performance in Brazilian Cooperatives

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Yeda Maria Pereira Pavão

    2015-09-01

    Full Text Available Objective – The aim of this paper is to relate Stakeholder Management Capability (SMC to economic-financial and social-environmental performance. Design/methodology/approach – Data collection occurred in 26 states and the Federal District of Brazil. There was validation of 171 questionnaires answered at the strategic and tactical levels in the context of cooperatives in 13 sectors of Brazil’s economy. Structural equation modeling was used as an application to verify the data with the use of exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. Findings – The results made it possible to verify the relationship between SMC and the social and environmental performance. The coefficient found for the relationship between SMC and economicfinancial performance also had a positive effect. Practical implications – The research results provide evidence that SMC is directly related to the economic-financial and socialenvironmental performance of cooperative organizations. SMC may also contribute to the analytical process of organizations from the statistical dimension and an applied empirical structure. Originality/value – The model reached support in both relationships with significant values, demonstrating that the dimensions and scales used to measure it were satisfactory, validating the proposed model. This finding demonstrates that these organizations have the skills to meet the requirements of and manage stakeholders, even if one person plays different roles, i.e. the cooperative member, which is basically the owner, supplier, consumer and customer.

  16. New roads toward North-South cooperation.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Terpstra, E G

    1989-12-01

    A Netherlands Parliament member gives a European Perspective on population and development, problems in urban development, and methods of cooperation between industrialized and developing countries. On population and development, the relationship between population explosion and poverty, underdevelopment, environment, social infrastructure, and food shortages is pointed out. Most population growth in the years ahead will be in developing countries. Rampant population growth and burgeoning poverty strain the world's carrying capacity and environment, both in industrial and developing countries. Development policy and cooperation will fail in the absence of efforts to stem population growth. On this front, religious and political leaders have groundbreaking cooperative steps in supporting international family planning efforts through the global forum of Spiritual and Parliamentary Leaders on Human Survival. Economic development, environment, and population issues are inexorably tied together. The numerous problems faced by uncontrolled Third World urbanization are discussed with potential solutions for change. Incorporating women in the development process is strongly encouraged. The interdependent North-South relationship is discussed. All nations, the private sector, nongovernmental organizations, and women must cooperate to find solutions and effect positive change on a case-by-case basis.

  17. Can German wine cooperatives compete on quality?

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Schamel Guenter H.

    2015-01-01

    Full Text Available The paper analyzes how German cooperative wineries compete with private (i.e. non-cooperative wineries regarding reputation, quality categorization and varietal selection. Among the reasons why German cooperatives lag behind in terms of reputation for quality wine are organization principles of cooperatives and the difficulty to manage growers supplying grapes of different qualities. Cooperatives turn their supply of grapes into wine often classified as quality wine without much distinction. Conversely, privately owned wineries growing their own grapes may have more control over quality along their production chain and are able to produce more distinctive wines. In turn, they gain more reputation with final consumers with respect to quality. We analyze data for private and cooperative wineries from Germany. Our objective is to identify key differences in terms of reputation for quality wine production. Specifically, we look at interaction effects based on organizational form (cooperative vs. private and the German wine quality categorization (i.e. basic quality wine vs. Kabinett, Spätlese, or Auslese as well as varietal effects. We employ a hedonic pricing model to test the hypothesis that wines produced by private producers receive a reputation premium relative to cooperatives. Moreover, we hypothesize that private wineries receive a price premium relative to coopera- tives for other than basic quality wines and distinct varieties such as Riesling and Pinot Noir. The empirical analysis confirms both hypotheses. The estimated coefficients indicate that cooperatives are unable to gain quality premium for most quality cat- egories and gain price premiums only for non-distinct varieties such as Lemberger and Dornfelder. We can argue that German cooperatives are stuck in the low quality corner of the quality and variety spectrum and are currently not able to compete with private wineries in terms of quality. This result supports the observation

  18. El cáncer de mama en México: evolución, panorama actual y retos de la sociedad civil History, overview and challenges of the breast cancer movement in Mexico

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    María Elena Maza-Fernández

    2009-01-01

    Full Text Available Este artículo ilustra la evolución que han tenido las organizaciones de la sociedad civil de lucha contra el cáncer de mama, el papel que juegan, y los cambios que debe haber para que sus actividades impacten de fondo la calidad de vida de las mujeres y hombres con esta enfermedad. Hoy día, el concepto de sociedad civil se ha transformado y retoma cierta autonomía y penetra como sinónimo de participación. La sociedad civil es protagonista de temas centrales tales como salud, derechos humanos y asistencia social entre otros. Las asociaciones de cáncer de mama cuentan con libertad para organizarse, impulsar iniciativas a favor de los demás para mejorar su bienestar y desarrollar sus potencialidades en beneficio propio y de la comunidad en la que se desenvuelven. Estas asociaciones deben enfocarse en promover cambios en el sistema que resulten en una mejora de los servicios y en consecuencia de calidad de vida.This essay describes the history of the civil society breast cancer movement in Mexico, the role played by breast cancer NGOs and the changes they must undergo for their activities to impact the quality of life of men and women dealing with this disease. The concept of civil society today has been transformed, regaining a degree of autonomy and being at the center of a participatory democracy. Civil society takes a lead role in key issues such as health, civil rights, and public welfare. Breast cancer organizations have the liberty to organize and promote initiatives that will help others' welfare and develop their full potential for the benefit of themselves and their community. These organizations must focus on promoting changes in the system that will result in better services and better quality of life for their constituents.

  19. Modeling the role of negative cooperativity in metabolic regulation and homeostasis.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Eliot C Bush

    Full Text Available A significant proportion of enzymes display cooperativity in binding ligand molecules, and such effects have an important impact on metabolic regulation. This is easiest to understand in the case of positive cooperativity. Sharp responses to changes in metabolite concentrations can allow organisms to better respond to environmental changes and maintain metabolic homeostasis. However, despite the fact that negative cooperativity is almost as common as positive, it has been harder to imagine what advantages it provides. Here we use computational models to explore the utility of negative cooperativity in one particular context: that of an inhibitor binding to an enzyme. We identify several factors which may contribute, and show that acting together they can make negative cooperativity advantageous.

  20. How mutation alters the evolutionary dynamics of cooperation on networks

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ichinose, Genki; Satotani, Yoshiki; Sayama, Hiroki

    2018-05-01

    Cooperation is ubiquitous at every level of living organisms. It is known that spatial (network) structure is a viable mechanism for cooperation to evolve. A recently proposed numerical metric, average gradient of selection (AGoS), a useful tool for interpreting and visualizing evolutionary dynamics on networks, allows simulation results to be visualized on a one-dimensional phase space. However, stochastic mutation of strategies was not considered in the analysis of AGoS. Here we extend AGoS so that it can analyze the evolution of cooperation where mutation may alter strategies of individuals on networks. We show that our extended AGoS correctly visualizes the final states of cooperation with mutation in the individual-based simulations. Our analyses revealed that mutation always has a negative effect on the evolution of cooperation regardless of the payoff functions, fraction of cooperators, and network structures. Moreover, we found that scale-free networks are the most vulnerable to mutation and thus the dynamics of cooperation are altered from bistability to coexistence on those networks, undergoing an imperfect pitchfork bifurcation.

  1. La gerencia de la educación universitaria en el marco de la sociedad del conocimiento

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Glenda Rivas

    2014-09-01

    Full Text Available Para las organizaciones, el tránsito hacia un nuevo contexto denominado Sociedad del Conocimiento se orienta a su transformación a entidades que aprenden, y es en el conocimiento donde se sustentan sus nuevas estrategias. La educación en general y en forma particular la educación universitaria se encuentra ante un nuevo de desafío que cuestiona el rumbo que deberán tomar las instituciones de educación universitaria en el siglo XXI. El presente artículo describe a la gerencia de la educación universitaria en el contexto de la sociedad del conocimiento, mediante la revisión de bibliografía disponible sobre el tema. Se concluye, que la gerencia de la educación universitaria al asumir un papel protagónico en la producción de conocimientos útiles a la sociedad, que contribuye sustancialmente al bienestar colectivo.

  2. La gerencia de la educación universitaria en el marco de la sociedad del conocimiento

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Glenda Rivas

    2014-01-01

    Full Text Available Para las organizaciones, el tránsito hacia un nuevo contexto denominado“Sociedad del Conocimiento” se orienta a su transformación a entidades que aprenden, y es en el conocimiento donde se sustentan sus nuevas estrategias. La educación en general y en forma particular la educación universitaria se encuentra ante un nuevo de desafío que cuestiona el rumbo que deberán tomar las instituciones de educación universitaria en el siglo XXI. El presente artículo describe a la gerencia de la educación universitaria en el contexto de la sociedad del conocimiento, mediante la revisión de bibliografía disponible sobre el tema.Se concluye, que la gerencia de la educación universitaria al asumir un papel protagónico en la producción de conocimientos útiles a la sociedad, que contribuye sustancialmente al bienestar colectivo.

  3. DESENVOLVIMENTO MORAL E A FRAGMENTAÇÃO DE UMA SOCIEDADE PÓS-MODERNA

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Igor Guimarães de Azevedo de Araújo

    2017-03-01

    Full Text Available DOI: 10.12957/periferia.2016.24747O artigo tem como objetivo mostrar ao leitor uma estrutura de estudos, que levaram a uma teoria universal e estruturalista do desenvolvimento moral das pessoas e da sociedade, e ao mesmo tempo demonstrar a que ponto chegamos. São apresentados estudos que contemplam desde a formação de uma moral universal e estruturalista, com o pensamento do filósofo Immanuel Kant e sua influência para a teoria de Piaget e Kholberg, no desenvolvimento moral de uma pessoa dividida em seus específicos estágios, até os estudos atuais que mostram as conclusões de Bauman sobre a sociedade pós-moderna e suas implicações no âmbito social e pessoal. As consequências de uma fragmentação social em vários aspectos são colocadas à mostra a fim de chamar a atenção do leitor para ter consciência e percepção de sua existência. Um excesso de contradições é posto para o leitor confrontar com a pós-modernidade um quadro negativo de ações presentes, e levar à reflexão do que pode ser alcançado diante do que nós temos atualmente na nossa sociedade.

  4. Bioética social: una solución al menoscabo de los valores éticos en la sociedad actual.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Maria Yackelin Diaz Rodriguez

    2016-01-01

    Full Text Available La investigación sigue un enfoque cualitativo, documental. Su objetivo fue analizar desde el campo teórico la bioética como la transformación que ha dado paso de la sociedad tradicional a la sociedad moderna. Resultado muestra cómo ha implicado grandes cambios en la forma en que las personas perciben la vida, y en la forma como actúan conforme a sus intereses. Se ha dejado de lado la vida en sociedad, las reglas y principios éticos y morales que rigen la convivencia y que establecen límites para instaurar un orden social. El ser humano moderno es individualista, sus intereses personales son lo único importante, niega su responsabilidad frente a los problemas sociales y se preocupa sólo por él mismo, dejando a un lado lo que sucede en el entorno. Ante este panorama surge la bioética, como una disciplina que representa las relaciones en la vida en sociedad y solidaridad, y que abarca aspectos de la convivencia y supervivencia. Se concluye que su objetivo supera la delimitación de los valores éticos que deben conformar la cultura en la sociedad moderna, y crear un orden social que le permita a cada individuo adaptarse a la globalización.

  5. Study on Enhancing nuclear security cooperation in Northeast Asia

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Lee, Jounghoon; Heo, Chul

    2015-01-01

    Regional and global cooperation in nuclear security was urged. Nevertheless, it is hard to seek a successful example of regional cooperation in nuclear security, with the exception of EURATOM. Northeast Asia which includes China, Russia, Japan, ROK and, DPRK has many nuclear issues. For example, the concerns of the international community were raised when the DPRK has conducted three nuclear tests. Countries in this region also possess many nuclear power plants and materials. However, there has been no attempt at creating a community or organization for multinational security in this region. In this paper, we discuss various ways of enhancing nuclear security cooperation in Northeast Asia. We begin with an examination of current global, regional and national nuclear security cooperation efforts. We then discuss directions and strategies for nuclear security cooperation in Northeast Asia, and offer some detailed cooperation agendas to be considers. Northeast Asia countries have tried to cooperate in many areas such as energy, environment, economy, and policy. However, nuclear security issues have not been discussed seriously. We need to start cooperating on nuclear security issues, because a nuclear security event may affect several countries. One country may not be able to respond to such an event independently. In order to gain cooperate in nuclear security, we have to be able to suggest pertinent agendas to Northeast Asia countries. R and D, education and training of nuclear security may be a good suggestion for starting cooperation. And more practical and detailed agendas such as joint response and information sharing may be suggested for cooperation strengthening

  6. Study on Enhancing nuclear security cooperation in Northeast Asia

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Lee, Jounghoon; Heo, Chul [Korea Institute of Nuclear Non-proliferation and Control, Daejeon (Korea, Republic of)

    2015-10-15

    Regional and global cooperation in nuclear security was urged. Nevertheless, it is hard to seek a successful example of regional cooperation in nuclear security, with the exception of EURATOM. Northeast Asia which includes China, Russia, Japan, ROK and, DPRK has many nuclear issues. For example, the concerns of the international community were raised when the DPRK has conducted three nuclear tests. Countries in this region also possess many nuclear power plants and materials. However, there has been no attempt at creating a community or organization for multinational security in this region. In this paper, we discuss various ways of enhancing nuclear security cooperation in Northeast Asia. We begin with an examination of current global, regional and national nuclear security cooperation efforts. We then discuss directions and strategies for nuclear security cooperation in Northeast Asia, and offer some detailed cooperation agendas to be considers. Northeast Asia countries have tried to cooperate in many areas such as energy, environment, economy, and policy. However, nuclear security issues have not been discussed seriously. We need to start cooperating on nuclear security issues, because a nuclear security event may affect several countries. One country may not be able to respond to such an event independently. In order to gain cooperate in nuclear security, we have to be able to suggest pertinent agendas to Northeast Asia countries. R and D, education and training of nuclear security may be a good suggestion for starting cooperation. And more practical and detailed agendas such as joint response and information sharing may be suggested for cooperation strengthening.

  7. Virtude, trabalho e riqueza: a concepção de sociedade civil em Benjamin Franklin

    OpenAIRE

    Ana Maria Brito Sanches

    2006-01-01

    Neste trabalho examinamos a concepção de sociedade civil no pensamento social e político de Benjamin Franklin, cujas idéias exerceram grande influência na formação da mentalidade do homem do Novo Mundo. Essa mentalidade inaugura um novo modo de conceber a vida em sociedade, exaltando tudo o que se opõe aos valores da velha ordem. Contra o princípio da honra, os títulos de nobreza e a posição social dos indivíduos, ela exalta a virtude republicana, celebra o trabalho e reclama o respeito à dig...

  8. Anglicismos y aculturación en la sociedad chilena (English loanwords: acculturation in chilean society)

    OpenAIRE

    Constanza Gerding Salas; Mary Fuentes Morrison; Gabriela Kotz Grabole

    2012-01-01

    La implementación del modelo económico neoliberal estadounidense enChile hace cuatro décadas y la participación del país en la globalización han provocado cambios fundamentales en la sociedad. De hecho, los efectos de la adopción de dicho paradigma se reflejan en diversos ámbitos, incluido el del uso de la lengua. Por esta razón, resulta de interés para lingüistas y traductores indagar acerca de la influencia del idioma inglés y de la cultura estadounidense en la sociedad chilena. De allí que...

  9. Dotaciones para la recuperación de activos revertibles como deducibles del impuesto sobre sociedades

    OpenAIRE

    Duplá Marín, María José

    2001-01-01

    El objetivo final que nos propusimos con este trabajo de investigación fue profundizar en el estudio jurídico-tributario de las dotaciones al fondo de reversión como gasto deducible para determinar la base imponible del impuesto sobre sociedades, en aquellas sociedades concesionarias de servicios públicos con cláusula de reversión de activos, partiendo de su realidad contable.En consecuencia el trabajo se ciñe al estudio crítico de la regulación jurídica del fondo de reversión como gasto fisc...

  10. Organized network for supporting the amateur-scientist co-operation in Finland

    Science.gov (United States)

    Mäkelä, V.; Haukka, H.; Oksanen, A.; Hentunen, V.-P.

    2014-04-01

    PROAM network is a working group of Ursa Astronomical Association [1] for supporting Finnish amateur astronomers participating to co-operation projects between professional and amateur astronomers. The network relays the information on projects, maintains professional contacts and arranges training on technical skills for research work.

  11. La disolución de la sociedad civil: sobre los ideales y las vaguedades en la esfera de las asociaciones de voluntariado

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Paul Dekker

    2012-02-01

    Full Text Available El pensamiento sobre la sociedad civil siempre ha estado caracterizado por una doble referencia hacia las relaciones sociales existentes y hacia los ideales sociales. La principal hipótesis de numerosas investigaciones sobre la sociedad civil es que una floreciente esfera que lleva este nombre es el portador del ideal de una sociedad más civilizada. Este artículo empieza con una pequeña discusión sobre el trasfondo histórico y los debates públicos en torno a la sociedad civil, y continúa con un planteamiento más analítico del concepto como designación de un orden social asociacional y una esfera de la sociedad dominada por las asociaciones voluntarias. Más adelante nos centramos en esta esfera describiendo sus caracteres nacionales en Europa y analizando las reivindicaciones de sus beneficios civilizadores: la formación de capital social y de discurso público. Encontramos muy pocas evidencias para tales reivindicaciones y por ello profundizamos en el desarrollo de la sociedad moderna occidental, una sociedad en la que las asociaciones voluntarias se han convertido en menos relevantes, mientras que otras esferas de la sociedad, en particular los ensanchados márgenes de la sociedad civil, son más importantes para el desarrollo de una sociedad más civilizada.The thinking about civil society has always been characterized by the double reference to existing social relations and to societal ideals. The basic hypothesis of much civil society research is that a flourishing sphere with this name is the carrier of the ideal of more civilized society. This article starts with a brief discussion of the historical background and public debates about civil society, and continues with a more analytic approach of the concept as designation of an associational social order and a sphere of society dominated by voluntary associations. We further focus on this sphere, describe its national patterns in Europe and analyze claims of its

  12. [Strategy Development for International Cooperation in the Clinical Laboratory Field].

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kudo, Yoshiko; Osawa, Susumu

    2015-10-01

    The strategy of international cooperation in the clinical laboratory field was analyzed to improve the quality of intervention by reviewing documents from international organizations and the Japanese government. Based on the world development agenda, the target of action for health has shifted from communicable diseases to non-communicable diseases (NCD). This emphasizes the importance of comprehensive clinical laboratories instead of disease-specific examinations in developing countries. To achieve this goal, the World Health Organization (WHO) has disseminated to the African and Asian regions the Laboratory Quality Management System (LQMS), which is based on the same principles of the International Organization of Standardization (ISO) 15189. To execute this strategy, international experts must have competence in project management, analyze information regarding the target country, and develop a strategy for management of the LQMS with an understanding of the technical aspects of laboratory work. However, there is no appropriate pre- and post-educational system of international health for Japanese international workers. Universities and academic organizations should cooperate with the government to establish a system of education for international workers. Objectives of this education system must include: (1) training for the organization and understanding of global health issues, (2) education of the principles regarding comprehensive management of clinical laboratories, and (3) understanding the LQMS which was employed based on WHO's initiative. Achievement of these objectives will help improve the quality of international cooperation in the clinical laboratory field.

  13. Cooperative control for self-organizing microgrids and game strategies for optimal dispatch of distributed renewable generations

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Maknouninejad, Ali; Lin, Wei; Harno, Hendra G.; Qu, Zhihua; Simaan, Marwan A. [University of Central Florida, Department of EECS, Orlando, FL (United States)

    2012-03-15

    The small size, extensively dispersed and decentralized, and high penetration level of renewable energy sources in the future smart grids make the application of conventional optimal power flow (OPF) neither practical nor economical. In this paper, a practical approach is proposed to realize high penetration of distributed generators (DGs) by organizing them in some groups within a microgrid and dispatching the generated power aggregately. Each group may have virtual leaders which define the power policy of the group, and all other DGs cooperatively follow that policy. A fair utilization ratio is defined and will be introduced to the group by the virtual leaders. The utilization ratio indicates what percentage of the available power each DG has to feed to the grid, and this ratio will also be propagated within the group using cooperative control. As such, a smartgrid may treat microgrids as individually dispatchable loads or generators. Meanwhile, the interaction between each microgrid and the main grid can be formulated as a Stackelberg game. The main grid as the leader, by offering proper energy price to the micro grid, minimizes its cost and secures the power supply that the microgrid, as the follower, is willing to dispatch. It is shown that this game theoretic approach not only guarantees profit optimization, but also provides a convenient technique to optimize power flow from microgrids to the main grid. Numerical and simulation results for a case of study are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed techniques. (orig.)

  14. Research on Contractual Model Selection of Farmers’ Cooperatives——A Case Study of Production and Marketing Cooperative of Sweet Pomegranate in Mengzi,Yunnan

    Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

    2011-01-01

    In the perspective of new institutional economics,we regard farmers’ cooperatives as a "contractual set" integrating a series of long-term contractual relations,and transform the selection problem of organization forms into selection problem of contractual model within organization.By the theoretical framework of Transaction Cost Economics,we analyze the formation mechanism and determinant factors of contractual model of different farmers’ cooperatives and conduct case study on Production and Marketing Cooperative of Sweet Pomegranate in Mengzi,Yunnan.The results show that selecting contractual forms of cooperatives is the result of weighing many factors;new organization model or contractual arrangement is complementary to the former system arrangement;the selection of cooperatives model is an important factor impacting cooperation efficiency and stability of organization.One organization model with efficiency not only hinges on the transaction characteristic of organization,but also considers the compatibility with exterior transaction environment.In the process of selecting contractual model,we should conform to objective evolving law,but not be in thrall to a certain given form.

  15. Cognitive strategies take advantage of the cooperative potential of heterogeneous networks

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Vukov, Jeromos; Santos, Francisco C; Pacheco, Jorge M

    2012-01-01

    Understanding the emergence and maintenance of cooperation is one of the most challenging topics of our time. Evolutionary game theory offers a very flexible framework within which to address this challenge. Here we use the prisoner's dilemma game to investigate the performance of individuals who are capable of adopting reactive strategies in communities structurally organized by means of Barabási-Albert scale-free networks. We find that basic cognitive abilities, such as the capability to distinguish their partners and act according to their previous actions, enable cooperation to thrive. This result is particularly significant whenever fear is the leading social tension, as this fosters retaliation, thus enforcing and sustaining cooperation. Being able to simultaneously reward fellow cooperators and punish defectors proves instrumental in achieving cooperation and the welfare of the community. As a result, central individuals can successfully lead the community and turn defective players into cooperative ones. Finally, even when participation costs—known to be detrimental to cooperation in scale-free networks—are explicitly included, we find that basic cognitive abilities have enough potential to help cooperation to prevail. (paper)

  16. Administrative process evaluation of three selected Savings and Credit Cooperatives in Quito city

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Katia Gissel Paspuel Guevara

    2017-07-01

    Full Text Available The administrative management of the cooperative involves the active participation and joint of its members in the Government and management of the organization. The objective of the research was to assess the administrative management of three cooperative selected of saving and credit of the canton “Quito”. The scientific methods used were: theoretical methods such as: the historical method, logical method through the dialectic method, systemic method; and methods empirical where was applied the technique of the survey and methods of measurement, they reflected that the cooperative studied, have a moderate performance with regard to its administrative management and a low level of participation of members as managers of the organization. The applied survey results show the importance of an efficient administrative management in cooperatives, where it is very necessary the application of cooperative principles to achieve a harmonious environment, in social and economic aspects as well as in the need for the participation of the partners as managers and decision makers, to generate the development of social activities.

  17. O Homem Pós-Moderno como Vítima Colateral da Sociedade de Consumo

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Rafaela Baldissera

    2017-06-01

    Full Text Available O presente artigo tem como objetivo investigar se os padrões determinados pela sociedade de consumidores trazem impactos negativos ao ser humano enquanto ator social. Nesse sentido, por meio do método dedutivo e da técnica bibliográfica, discorre-se sobre o fato de o consumo ser um novo valor social e analisa-se quem seriam as vítimas colaterais da atual sociedade de consumo. Assim, ao verificar que as ações humanas estão sendo orientadas por mandamentos consumistas, reconhece-se a importância de uma educação para o consumo consciente e sustentável como pressuposto para aperfeiçoar um desenvolvimento humano mais responsável, pautado na igualdade e justiça social.

  18. REGIONAL COOPERATION IN THE BLACK SEA BASIN

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Anastasiia GAVUIK

    2015-07-01

    Full Text Available Topicality. The Black Sea region is situated in a very important geopolitical manner. Consequently, a large-scale regional collaboration becomes possible within the Black Sea zone and countries get appropriate conditions to launch their activity in this context. Aim: The body of the article is going to analyze the BSEC as one of the most successful regional organizations in the Black Sea area. The paper aims to provide an overview of the regional players’ activity in the framework of the BSEC which are involved in sustaining and strengthening of this organization and also in continuing the reform process in it, developing in the same time relations of cooperation with the EU and other regional initiatives. Methods. This article embraces a row of different scientific methods of data analysis, predictive analytics, historical and statistical overview, descriptive method, case study etc. Results. The countries from the Black Sea basin are the most vulnerable to potential risks and shocks due to the instability of the region. This requires the interstate cooperation in the Black Sea area with no tradition in this field several decades ago. In the same time, countries like Turkey, Romania or Russia aspire to play the role of the regional leader, which can cause regional rivalries. With the help of the regional cooperation and the BSEC in particular, regional countries could learn how to work together for the common benefit. The creation of stable markets, interconnected and transparent regional organizations and initiatives would largely contribute to the security and stability of the Black Sea region.

  19. La sociedad civil mexicana y el reto de la justicia epistémica en el regionalismo contemporáneo

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    2013-01-01

    markdownabstract__Introducción__ En respuesta a la pregunta fundamental de cuáles son los retos de la sociedad civil mexicana frente al multilateralismo del siglo xxi, en este artículo se argumentará que uno de los retos más urgentes que enfrenta la sociedad civil mexicana que busca incidir

  20. Finnish experience on emergency preparedness co-operation work and results

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Sovijarvi, Jukka

    2014-01-01

    Document available in abstract form only. According to the 'Security Strategy for Society' the responsibilities are shared across society and the normal division of duties shall be maintained unchanged as far as possible in all situations. While the competent authority is always in charge of making decisions other administrative sectors may be cooperation partners. This applies to the representatives of business community and organization as well. The first regional co-operation group for NPP emergency preparedness consisting of the representatives of regional rescue service, NPP licensee and STUK was established in 2008 to develop the external rescue plan, arrange training etc. Today co-operation groups are working for both Finnish emergency planning zones. Examples of the co-operation results are discussed in the presentation. (author)

  1. La inclusión educativa: Una tarea que le compete a toda una sociedad

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ronald Soto Calderón

    2003-01-01

    Full Text Available Este artículo se escribe con referencia a las ideas acerca del proceso de integración e inclusión de personas con necesidades educativas especiales al aula. Se señala cómo la sociedad debe involucrarse para hacer de la integración una realidad, y cómo estas experiencias deben posibilitar el que haya estudiantes con NEE incluidos en clases regulares. También, con el fin de construir un proceso de inclusión en ambientes institucionales, este artículo recoge aspectos que deben ser imperativos de acción para las instituciones educativas, sean de primaria o secundaria, y de este modo, ofrecerles a todos los estudiantes, con o sin discapacidad (necesidades educativas especiales, la posibilidad de involucrarse en programas educacionales, y ayudarles a ser parte de la sociedad en diferentes formas: como estudiante, trabajador o miembro de la familia en la cual viven. En otras palabras, este artículo se escribe con la idea de hacer conciencia social sobre el papel que la institución educativa tiene, sobre todo, en cuanto a proporcionar oportunidades equitativas de progreso a todos los miembros de la sociedad; en un marco de respeto hacia las diferencias.

  2. La inclusión educativa: una tarea que le compete a toda una sociedad

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Soto Calderón, Ronald

    2003-06-01

    Full Text Available Este artículo se escribe con referencia a las ideas acerca del proceso de integración e inclusión de personas con necesidades educativas especiales al aula. Se señala cómo la sociedad debe involucrarse para hacer de la integración una realidad, y cómo estas experiencias deben posibilitar el que haya estudiantes con NEE incluidos en clases regulares. También, con el fin de construir un proceso de inclusión en ambientes institucionales, este artículo recoge aspectos que deben ser imperativos de acción para las instituciones educativas, sean de primaria o secundaria, y de este modo, ofrecerles a todos los estudiantes, con o sin discapacidad (necesidades educativas especiales, la posibilidad de involucrarse en programas educacionales, y ayudarles a ser parte de la sociedad en diferentes formas: como estudiante, trabajador o miembro de la familia en la cual viven. En otras palabras, este artículo se escribe con la idea de hacer conciencia social sobre el papel que la institución educativa tiene, sobre todo, en cuanto a proporcionar oportunidades equitativas de progreso a todos los miembros de la sociedad; en un marco de respeto hacia las diferencias.

  3. Evolution of Cooperation in Social Dilemmas on Complex Networks

    Science.gov (United States)

    Iyer, Swami; Killingback, Timothy

    2016-01-01

    Cooperation in social dilemmas is essential for the functioning of systems at multiple levels of complexity, from the simplest biological organisms to the most sophisticated human societies. Cooperation, although widespread, is fundamentally challenging to explain evolutionarily, since natural selection typically favors selfish behavior which is not socially optimal. Here we study the evolution of cooperation in three exemplars of key social dilemmas, representing the prisoner’s dilemma, hawk-dove and coordination classes of games, in structured populations defined by complex networks. Using individual-based simulations of the games on model and empirical networks, we give a detailed comparative study of the effects of the structural properties of a network, such as its average degree, variance in degree distribution, clustering coefficient, and assortativity coefficient, on the promotion of cooperative behavior in all three classes of games. PMID:26928428

  4. EL CAPITAL SOCIAL COOPERATIVO EN DERECHO ESPAÑOL Y SU ARMONIZACIÓN CON LAS NORMAS INTERNACIONALES DE CONTABILIDAD/CO-OPERATIVE SHARE CAPITAL IN THE SPANISH LAW AND ITS HARMONIZATION WITH THE INTERNATIONAL ACCOUNTING STANDARDS

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Manuel PANIAGUA ZURERA

    2006-09-01

    Full Text Available La variabilidad del capital social es el instrumento técnico empleado por el Derecho cooperativo, nacional y comunitario, para dar cumplimiento al principio cooperativo de libre adhesión y baja voluntaria. Progresivamente, el régimen del capital social cooperativo ha incorporado reglas y técnicas de las sociedades mercantiles de capital. La norma interpretativa CINIIF 2, y la propia NIC 32, desconocen las singularidades del modelo de organización empresarial cooperativo, pues están diseñadas para las sociedades anónimas cotizadas o, al menos, para las que emiten valores negociables; e ignoran la aludida evolución en el régimen legal del capital social cooperativo. No obstante, las sociedades cooperativas no pueden quedar al margen de las Normas internacionales de contabilidad. La propia NIC 32 aporta el instrumento apropiado para calificar las aportaciones sociales cooperativas: los instrumentos financieros compuestos. Pero, el estudio de la inminente reforma del capital social cooperativo en la Ley estatal de cooperativas ponen de manifiesto precipitación y una recepción, acrítica, de las referidas Normas internacionales de contabilidad./The variability of share capital is the technical instrument used by cooperative, national and Community law to achieve the fulfilment of the cooperative principle of voluntary adhesion and voluntary withdrawal. Progressively, the regime of cooperative share capital has added rules and techniques of business corporations. The interpretative standard IFRIC 2, and the IAS 32 itself, do not know the singularities of the co-operative model of business organization, as they are designed for limited corporations or, at least, for those that issue quoted securities; and they ignore the referred evolution in the legal regime of the cooperative share capital. Nevertheless, cooperative societies can not be left aside of the international accounting standards. The IAS 32 itself provides the appropriate

  5. Futebol, identidade e media na sociedade em rede

    OpenAIRE

    Cardoso, G.; Xavier, D.; Cardoso, T.

    2007-01-01

    Este artigo lida com um dos fenómenos mediáticos de maior abrangência nas sociedades contemporâneas: o futebol. Partindo do pressuposto de que o futebol é também um elemento de construção de comunidades de pertença, sejam elas nacionais, regionais ou de menor dimensão geográfica, procura-se através da análise das respostas a um inquérito representativo da população portuguesa compreender que factores diferenciam identitariamente os adeptos dos três maiores clubes portugueses: Benfica, Porto e...

  6. Cooperation between territorial communities: theory and practice

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    П. М. Любченко

    2015-05-01

    Full Text Available Problem Setting. The paper analyzes the problems in the system of legal regulation of cooperation between communities, highlights the advantages and disadvantages of such cooperation in Ukrainian local government. Analysis of the recent researches and publications. The legal basis for cooperation in the field of local government are provisions of the Constitution and laws of Ukraine, by-laws. The organizational principles of communities cooperation, principles, forms and mechanisms of such cooperation and its promotion, financing and monitoring prescribed by the Law of Ukraine «On cooperation of local communities» 17 June 2014, which provides five possible forms of cooperation. Paper main body. The first form - delegation to one party of cooperation by another parties of cooperation execution of one or few tasks with transferring of appropriate resources - one of the most difficult to implement, therefore in Ukraine it is not yet implemented. The second form – realization of joint projects, involving coordination of activities between parties of cooperation and accumulating them for a certain period resources to joint implementation of appropriate measures - one of the most common. This  form is popular because of its simplicity and versatility. Parties are determining the purpose of the project, terms and conditions of its implementation, a list of activities and conditions for their implementation, financial liabilities, other forms of local governments participation in implementation of the project and mechanism of coordination. The third and fourth forms aimed on the creation and maintenance of communal enterprises, institutions and organizations - joint infrastructure projects by parties of cooperation. This form of cooperation with the prospect of widespread use because it is aimed at ensuring effective use of resources of local communities based on common application available in one of the subjects of cooperation of municipal

  7. La Sociedad Española de Cerámica y Vidrio a lo largo de medio siglo

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Fernández Navarro, José Mª

    2010-12-01

    Full Text Available The double objective of this lecture is to commemorate, on the occasion of its golden jubilee, the work performed by the Spanish Society of Ceramics and Glass and to pay a special homage to the memory of its main promoter and supporter, Professor Antonio García Verduch. Since its foundation in 1960 the Society has contributed to join all the experts in ceramics and glass, as well as to promote and spread among them scientific and technical knowledge related to both areas, while adapting itself to the investigation trends of each moment in time and to the interests of the different industrial sectors. Along its half century of history it has organized some hundred and twenty-five national congresses and specialized technical meetings and nine national congresses. It represents Spain in five international associations. The Society’s main contribution, together with its international activities, has been the uninterrupted publication of its bimonthly magazine, the Society’s Bulletin, which since 1999 is included in the database of the Science Citation Index. Furthermore, the Society keeps a permanent relationship with investigation centres, universities, museums, technicians’ and manufacturers’ associations and fairground institutions. As a sign of its promotion of technical development, the Society grants every year since 1977 its Alfa de Oro Awards to the most outstanding industrial products shown in the Valencia Fair, in order to highlight quality, technological innovation and design. In 1999 the Society’s Electroceramics group created the Epsilon de Oro Awards which are granted every two years to the people or institutions that have produced the main scientific contribution in a given field.

    El doble objetivo de esta conferencia es evocar, con motivo de la celebración de sus bodas de oro, la labor realizada por la Sociedad Española de Cerámica y Vidrio y dedicar un especial recuerdo en homenaje a la memoria de quien fue su

  8. International cooperation

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    2008-01-01

    In this chapter international cooperation of the Division for Radiation Safety, NPP Decommissioning and Radwaste Management of the VUJE, a. s. is presented. Very important is cooperation with the International Atomic Energy Agency. This cooperation has various forms - national and regional projects of technical cooperation, coordinated research activities, participation of our experts in preparation of the IAEA documentation etc.

  9. O portador de altas habilidades e sua inclusão na sociedade

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ana Lucia Batista

    2012-04-01

    Full Text Available O presente artigo trata da questão dos portadores de altas habilidades e sua inclusão na sociedade. Os portadores de altas habilidades são sujeitos inquiridores, não conformistas e dotados de grande curiosidade o que propicia dificuldades adaptativas, pois a sociedade é não-convencional, apresentando uma resistência natural às diferenças qualitativamente superiores. Cabe portanto à escola possibilitar a integração deste pequeno grupo ao contexto social e uma das maneiras de fazê-lo é estabelecendo um diálogo com o objeto do conhecimento muito bem propiciado pela Filosofia, a qual predispõe a uma busca de questionamentos e resolução de problemas. Através da Filosofia, os alunos participam ativamente da construção do conhecimento - o que é capaz de tornar o ensino prazeroso e desafiador, desenvolvendo desde muito cedo o exercício do pensar e refletir.

  10. Sociedades multiculturais nas instituições de educação formal

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Franciele dos Santos

    2012-06-01

    Full Text Available O presente artigo objetiva apresentar algumas considerações em torno das sociedades multiculturais nas instituições de educação formal e como os diferentes grupos sociais podem estar vivendo uma educação a margem da qualidade do ensino por conta de suas diferentes culturas, procuramos pontuar ainda contribuições de alguns autores sobre o tema. Nossa intenção é chamar a atenção para as consequências de uma educação que não considera a subjetividade de cada sujeito inserido no espaço escolar, gerando desrespeito e intolerância, o que pode interferir na formação e qualidade do ensino de cada aluno. Não pretendemos abordar um segmento específico, apenas atentar para a necessidade de respeito às diferentes culturas, a luz de alguns autores que discutem o mesmo tema.Palavras-chave: educação; multiculturalismo; sociedades multiculturais.

  11. A Sociedade do Conhecimento realmente existente na perspectiva do desenvolvimento desigual The really existing Knowledge Society from the perspective of uneven development

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ivo Marcos Theis

    2013-06-01

    Full Text Available Tem sido afirmado, sobretudo, nos três últimos decênios, tanto na academia quanto em outros ambientes, que se vive numa sociedade do conhecimento. Esta seria amparada por uma nova economia, fundada no uso cada vez mais intensivo de informação e conhecimento. Mas, pode-se aceitar que se vive numa sociedade do conhecimento? Que uma nova economia, movida pela aceleração de ciência, tecnologia e inovação, dá sustentação a essa sociedade do conhecimento? Neste breve ensaio se pretende jogar luz sobre alguns aspectos que encobrem a noção de sociedade do conhecimento, visando-se um questionamento das bases sobre as quais essa sociedade do conhecimento poderia emergir. É possível que a sociedade atual seja uma na qual a informação, o conhecimento, a ciência, a tecnologia e a inovação tenham sua centralidade. Contudo, além da centralidade dessas dimensões, também é um traço dessa sociedade do conhecimento uma dinâmica cada vez mais favorável à busca de ganhos econômicos e ao enriquecimento dos estratos mais abastados da população em escala planetária, de modo que há problemas em se considerar que qualquer indivíduo pode ingressar no admirável mundo novo do conhecimento. Talvez, por se desprezar que ele é atravessado por múltiplas implicações econômicas, tecnológicas, ambientais, culturais, políticas e ideológicas.

  12. Intercommunal cooperation for the purpose of satisfying local power demand

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kieres, L.

    1992-01-01

    The article deals with the following: communal competences in the area of the power economy; forms of communal activity in the area of power supply; specific forms of communal cooperation; the procedure of communal cooperation; legal personality and internal organization; the local administration union as an instrument of power supply; categorization of the local administration union with respect to the legal system; the communal administrative agreement. (HSCH) [de

  13. Internal control in non - agricultural cooperatives

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Yolanda García Castro

    2014-12-01

    Full Text Available The process of formation of non-agricultural cooperatives in Cuba, has been a step forward for the Cuban economy, provide primary care represents economic sustainability for the country. A necessary tool for achieving quality in the provision of services and products, it represents the audit process. In this sense the present work was aimed in the Council of the Provincial Administration, in order to strengthen the functioning of non-agricultural cooperatives. Theoretical and empirical methods, techniques, surveys and interviews with leaders and workers, aimed to assess the knowledge, applications for the creation of cooperatives, processing, approval, establishment and operation, based on guidelines established in internal control were applied; and descriptive statistics for processing information, which identified the important work that developed the organization, which was able to promote the operation of non-agricultural cooperatives, as well as the tools necessary for the production of income and consequently improve the quality of services. The diagnosis made it possible to identify the point in the process, so disruption to the operation. Undoubtedly, every experiment needs time to mature and gain experience, besides confirming Waste Disposal workers cooperatives and agencies to jump-start this process. Improvement measures were implemented in order to increase the economic efficiency of each process, in response to various guidelines of Economic and Social Policy of the Party and the Revolution, adopted at the Sixth Party Congress and Conference Objectives.

  14. 1 November 2012 - Signature of the Co-operation Agreement between the Administrative Department of Science, Technology and Innovation (COLCIENCIAS) of Colombia and the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) concerning Scientific and Technical Co-operation in High-Energy Physics and related technologies by CERN Director-General R. Heuer, witnessed by Ambassador of Colombia to Switzerland C. Turbay Quintero.

    CERN Multimedia

    Maximilien Brice

    2012-01-01

    1 November 2012 - Signature of the Co-operation Agreement between the Administrative Department of Science, Technology and Innovation (COLCIENCIAS) of Colombia and the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) concerning Scientific and Technical Co-operation in High-Energy Physics and related technologies by CERN Director-General R. Heuer, witnessed by Ambassador of Colombia to Switzerland C. Turbay Quintero.

  15. From Scorecard to Social Learning: A Reflective Coassessment Approach for Promoting Multiagency Cooperation in Natural Resource Management

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Dirk J. Roux

    2011-03-01

    Full Text Available The responsibility for managing and conserving freshwater ecosystems is typically shared by multiple organizations with sometimes conflicting policy mandates. However, scorecard-based approaches for measuring management effectiveness in natural resource management are usually confined to single organizations. This paper describes a social learning approach which acknowledges cooperation as an essential precondition for effective management and that encourages reflective coassessment of cooperative relationships. The approach was pilot tested with eight participating organizations in one water management area in South Africa. It specifically aimed to allow for a multiagency reflective assessment of issues determining cooperative behavior, allow context-specific adaptations, and be embedded in adaptive management. It involved development of a spreadsheet-based scorecard-type tool that can be used to facilitate a multiagency workshop. This workshop serves to bring parties face-to-face and helps them codiscover their interdependence, shortcomings, and strengths. The spreadsheet structures reflection on their respective roles and effectiveness while the reflective coassessment motivates participants to address shortcomings. Overall, insights that emerged included: cooperation should be an explicit component of each organization's operational strategy; facilitation of appropriate cooperative behavior could be very effectively achieved by external "bridging organizations"; the reflective assessment process must be followed by purposefully adaptive interventions; the ability of the scorecard to be contextually adaptive was important; and institutional readiness requires investigation as the approach does sit somewhat uncomfortably with much current practice.

  16. Future direction for implementing the cooperation with OECD/NEA

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kim, Kyoung Pyo; Hong, Yong Don

    1999-03-01

    The Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) within the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) ia an intergovernmental organization consisting of industrialized countries with shared democratic principles and free market economics. The objectives of the agency are to identify key issues related to nuclear energy and to address these issues as well as to implement joint R and D projects, contributing to the development of nuclear energy as a safe, environmentally-acceptable and economical energy source through cooperation among its participating countries. Appropriate measures to effectively implement international nuclear cooperation and strategies to upgrade Korea's status in the international arena as well as ways to utilize the agency for our benefits through analysis of its policy and current status of the agency as a multilateral nuclear cooperative body are also presented in this report. Analysis of information about the agency's activities and acquisition of capabilities to collect relevant information, coupled with efforts to enhance Korea's status in the international nuclear arena by actively being involved in the international organizations such as OECD/NEA are required to positively deal with rapid changes in the international nuclear arena and establish effective national nuclear policies. This report can be utilized as valuable material not only in establishing national nuclear policy by giving an overview of the report prepared by the high level advisory group on the future of the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency, who recently wrapped up their activities, but also in promoting the understanding of the agency's activities and the agency's long-term perspective mapped out in 1995. Future plans and strategies for effective implementation of nuclear cooperation with the agency, including ways to participate in the agency's activities, with KAERI taking a leading role, and in the NEA joint R and D projects, ways to strengthen capabilities, to analyze

  17. LA CARACTERIZACIÓN FINANCIERA Y CONTABLE DEL CAPITAL SOCIAL A LA LUZ DE LOS PRINCIPIOS COOPERATIVOS/THE FINANCIAL AND COUNTABLE CHARACTERIZATION OF THE SHARE CAPITAL IN THE LIGHT OF THE COOPERATIVE BEGINNING

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Pilar GOMEZ APARICIO

    2006-09-01

    Full Text Available Las denominadas Normas Internacionales de Contabilidad han reabierto el debate sobre la consideración financiera de las aportaciones de los socios de las sociedades cooperativas. El concepto de capital social va unido a la dimensión jurídica del mismo. Para caracterizar el capital social de las sociedades cooperativas como Patrimonio neto o como pasivo financiero es preciso hacer explícito el enfoque (jurídico, económico, financiero y el criterio utilizado, dado que varios son los posibles. Aunque en la mayoría de los casos los criterios económicos y jurídicos coinciden, no siempre es así. Las características financieras del capital social son las que establece la legislación española en la actualidad pero no son derivadas directamente de los principios cooperativos. Es posible que las leyes permitan una configuración distinta sin atentar contra ellos. Se debe permitir aprovechar, sin más limitaciones que la voluntad de sus socios, las oportunidades que el sistema económico ofrece al resto de las sociedades. /The International Financial Reporting Standars have re-opened the discussion on the financial consideration of the contributions of the partners of the cooperative societies. The concept of share capital is joined to the juridical dimension of the same one. To characterize the share capital of the cooperative societies as equity or as debt it is necessary to make explicit the approach (juridical, economic, financial and the used criterion, provided that several are the possible ones. Though with the majority of the cases the economic and juridical criteria coincide, not always it is like that. The financial characteristics of the share capital are those that the Spanish legislation establishes at present but they are not derived directly of the cooperative principles. It is possible that the laws allow a different configuration without committing an outrage against them. It is necessary to to allow to take advantage, ado

  18. Co-operation Agreement between the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) and King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST) on behalf of the Government of the Kingdom of Saudi Arab

    CERN Document Server

    2005-01-01

    Co-operation Agreement between the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) and King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST) on behalf of the Government of the Kingdom of Saudi Arab

  19. Indicadores cualitativos de la sociedad de la información

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Javier Echeverría

    2003-04-01

    Full Text Available La sociedad de la información (SI requiere un espacio para desarrollarse: el espacio electrónico, generado por las tecnologías de la información y de las comunicaciones (TIC. Si concebimos ese espacio sólo como un mercado informacional (acceso y contenidos, los indicadores que miden el desarrollo de la SI serán cuantitativos y tendrán un claro sesgo mercantilista. En cambio, si promovemos una sociedad civil de la información, tendremos que usar indicadores cualitativos que midan el desarrollo de la vida civil en el espacio electrónico y las capacidades de la ciudadanía por ser activa en él. Como ejemplo, se analiza críticamente el plan europeo e-Learning y los indicadores utilizados por la Unión Europea, centrados en la conexión a internet y el uso de las tecnologías multimedia. Partiendo de que la educación debe desarrollar ante todo las capacidades de acción en el espacio electrónico, se proponen indicadores cualitativos para la educación asistida por las TIC. Estos planteamientos pueden generalizarse a otras actividades sociales en el espacio electrónico.

  20. Incipient cognition solves the spatial reciprocity conundrum of cooperation.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jeromos Vukov

    Full Text Available BACKGROUND: From the simplest living organisms to human societies, cooperation among individuals emerges as a paradox difficult to explain and describe mathematically, although very often observed in reality. Evolutionary game theory offers an excellent toolbar to investigate this issue. Spatial structure has been one of the first mechanisms promoting cooperation; however, alone it only opens a narrow window of viability. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Here we equip individuals with incipient cognitive abilities, and investigate the evolution of cooperation in a spatial world where retaliation, forgiveness, treason and mutualism may coexist, as individuals engage in Prisoner's Dilemma games. In the model, individuals are able to distinguish their partners and act towards them based on previous interactions. We show how the simplest level of cognition, alone, can lead to the emergence of cooperation. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Despite the incipient nature of the individuals' cognitive abilities, cooperation emerges for unprecedented values of the temptation to cheat, being also robust to invasion by cheaters, errors in decision making and inaccuracy of imitation, features akin to many species, including humans.

  1. La empresa familiar en la Ley de Sociedades de Capital: implicaciones fiscales

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Alfonso García Moncó

    2011-06-01

    Full Text Available La Sociedad Limitada Nueva Empresa puede ser el vehículo idóneo para la adopción de la forma societaria por una empresa familiar. El Real Decreto Legislativo 1/2010, de 3 de julio que aprueba el Texto Refundido de la Ley de Sociedades de Capital incorpora en su articulado y en sus disposiciones adicionales importantes ventajas para las SLNE, tanto para facilitar su constitución, como para flexibilizar su funcionamiento y reducir los costes fiscales de su creación. Las empresas familiares de reducida dimensión pueden beneficiarse de este marco jurídico y fiscal que, en estos momentos, no tiene comparación con ninguna otra modalidad societaria. Sin embargo, esta realidad es, en gran parte, desconocida porque no se han explicado las posibilidades que contiene la Ley de Sociedades de Capital al respecto y sus consecuencias fiscales.The New Enterprise Limited Company can be an ideal vehicle for the adoption of the corporate form by a family business. The Royal Decree 1/2010 of 3 July, which approves the revised text of the Capital Company Act, includes in its provisions and its additional provisions for SLNE important advantages, both to facilitate their establishment, as to ease operation and reduce the fiscal costs of its creation. The small size family businesses can benefit from the legal and fiscal framework at the moment, is unmatched by any other corporate form. However, this reality is largely unknown because they have not explained the possibilities contained in the Companies Act and Capital about the tax consequences.

  2. Sociedad civil, política y dominio colonial en Cuba (1878-1895

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    José A. PIQUERAS

    2010-02-01

    Full Text Available RESUMEN: El presente artículo se interesa por la evolución de la sociedad cubana en el período de entreguerras comprendido entre 1878 y 1895 y por el marco político en que pudieron expresarse la diversidad de formas e intereses sociales. Se destaca el desarrollo superior de la sociedad civil en relación a un sistema político que debía asegurar el dominio español. La instauración de ese sistema político, sin embargo, legalizó las expresiones políticas y las situó en un terreno público contribuyendo a poner de relieve las insuficiencias y el carácter opresivo de la dependencia, fomentando con ello la conciencia de discriminación que estuvo en la base de la nación emergente en vísperas de la insurrección de 1895. Palabras Clave: Cuba, política, sociedad civil, nacionalismo, insurrección. ABSTRACT: This article deals with the evolution of Cuban society in the period between wars (1878-1895 and with the political framework in which a variety of social forms and interests were expressed. It focuses on the higher development of civil society in comparison with a political system which had to ensure Spanish control. The establishment of that political system, however, legalized political expression and placed it in the public arena, thus helping to underline the inadequacy and oppressive character of dependence, and to foster the awareness of discrimination which was in the foundations of the emerging nation on the eve of the 1895 insurrection. Key words: Cuba, Politics, Civil Society, Nationalism, Insurrection.

  3. On Cooperative Behavior in Distributed Teams: The Influence of Organizational Design, Media Richness, Social Interaction, and Interaction Adaptation

    OpenAIRE

    H?konsson, Dorthe D.; Obel, B?rge; Eskildsen, Jacob K.; Burton, Richard M.

    2016-01-01

    Self-interest vs. cooperation is a fundamental dilemma in animal behavior as well as in human and organizational behavior. In organizations, how to get people to cooperate despite or in conjunction with their self-interest is fundamental to the achievement of a common goal. While both organizational designs and social interactions have been found to further cooperation in organizations, some of the literature has received contradictory support, just as very little research, if any, has examin...

  4. 'Co-operation and Communism cannot work side by side': Organized Consumers and the Early Cold War in Britain.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Gurney, Peter

    2018-04-02

    This article contributes to a better understanding of labour anti-communism in Britain through an exploration of the evolution of ideas and attitudes within the co-operative movement during the early Cold War. It demonstrates that the period witnessed an increasingly rigid separation of co-operation from communism and argues that this separation made it harder for activists within the co-operative movement to imagine a total or utopian alternative to capitalism. Drawing particularly on a close reading of the co-operative press as well as other sources, the study is divided into three main parts. The first section discusses sympathy among co-operators for the achievements of the Soviet Union, which increased during the war against fascism. The article then moves on to consider the continuing dialogue between British co-operators and their counterparts in European communist states and how international tensions shaped co-operators' views. The final major section explores the hardening of attitude towards communism after Marshall Aid was declared in June 1947, and underlines the role played by figures such as A. V. Alexander and Jack Bailey who worked with the Information Research Department at the Foreign Office to spread anti-communism within the movement. The conclusion reflects, more speculatively, on what implications this shift may have had for the medium and long-term decline of co-operation and the hegemony of capitalist consumerism post-war.

  5. Cooperative motion of intrinsic and actuated semiflexible swimmers

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Llopis, I.; Pagonabarraga, I.; Lagomarsino, M.C.; Lowe, C.P.

    2013-01-01

    We examine the phenomenon of hydrodynamic-induced cooperativity for pairs of flagellated micro-organism swimmers, of which spermatozoa cells are an example. We consider semiflexible swimmers, where inextensible filaments are driven by an internal intrinsic force and torque-free mechanism (intrinsic

  6. Misky s omfalem v živote barbarských společností doby římské

    Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

    Knápek, Radka; Šedo, Ondrej

    2016-01-01

    Roč. 110, prosinec (2016), s. 221-279 ISSN 1336-6637 Institutional support: RVO:68081758 Keywords : Sun cults * Bronze age * Roman period * Germanic ceramics * Moravia Subject RIV: AC - Archeology, Anthropology, Ethnology OBOR OECD: Archaeology http://www.snm.sk/swift_data/source/archeologicke_muzeum/zborniky/z_26/23.%20Knapek%20-%20Sedo.pdf?59351c81a4d18

  7. Reports on memorial lecture meetings on co-operative application finish of the SF cyclotron and its result reports

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    2000-01-01

    The SF cyclotron at the Institute for Nuclear Study (INS) of University of Tokyo began its co-operative application in 1997 to continue its smooth operation during 21 years reaching March, 1997. Together with improvement of INS organization on April, 1997, it was transferred to the Center for Nuclear Study School of Science, University of Tokyo, INS continued a co-operative research for two years thereafter with Tanashi campus of the High Energy Accelerator Research Organization also established on April, 1997. This co-operative research was finished without accident at the end of March, 1999, to close history of co-operative application of cyclotron during 23 years. This report contains 15 memorial lecture and convivial meeting reports at the co-operative application finish of cyclotron and some results of co-operative applications and experiments, during 23 years. (G.K.)

  8. MOBILIZAÇÃO DE RECURSOS NAS ORGANIZAÇÕES DA SOCIEDADE CIVIL: UM ESTUDO DE CASO

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Luis Moretto Neto

    2012-01-01

    Full Text Available Um dos maiores desafios enfrentados pelas Organizações da Sociedade Civil diz respeito à falta de recursos para a concretização de suas missões. Essas organizações atuam em diversos campos do espectro social dependendo das relações que estabelecem com as outras esferas da sociedade, tais como o Estado, o mercado, as organizações do terceiro setor e a própria sociedade civil. Este estudo de caso tem como propósito analisar a interface de uma organização da sociedade civil de Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, com outros atores sociais de seu entorno no que diz respeito à mobilização de recursos e suas parcerias para o alcance de sua sustentabilidade e autonomia enquanto sujeito político. Os conceitos de sustentabilidade e mobilização de recursos de uma organização são aqui tomados no sentido de capacidade para tornar permanente o valor de seu projeto políticoinstitucional, o que implica fortalecer as dimensões sociopolítica, técnico-gerencial e financeira. Em linhas gerais, atesta-se que a organização objeto deste estudo precisa reestruturar suas estratégias de mobilização de recursos, uma vez que estas remetem a simples captação de recursos de empresas e órgãos do governo, sem considerar as dimensões da vida institucional a partir de uma abordagem relacional.

  9. Non-cooperative game theory in biology and cooperative reasoning in humans.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kabalak, Alihan; Smirnova, Elena; Jost, Jürgen

    2015-06-01

    The readiness for spontaneous cooperation together with the assumptions that others share this cooperativity has been identified as a fundamental feature that distinguishes humans from other animals, including the great apes. At the same time, cooperativity presents an evolutionary puzzle because non-cooperators do better in a group of cooperators. We develop here an analysis of the process leading to cooperation in terms of rationality concepts, game theory and epistemic logic. We are, however, not attempting to reconstruct the actual evolutionary process. We rather want to provide the logical structure underlying cooperation in order to understand why cooperation is possible and what kind of reasoning and beliefs would lead to cooperative decision-making. Game theory depends on an underlying common belief in non-cooperative rationality of the players, and cooperativity similarly can utilize a common belief in cooperative rationality as its basis. We suggest a weaker concept of rational decision-making in games that encompasses both types of decision-making. We build this up in stages, starting from simple optimization, then using anticipation of the reaction of others, to finally arrive at reflexive and cooperative reasoning. While each stage is more difficult than the preceding, importantly, we also identify a reduction of complexity achieved by the consistent application of higher stage reasoning.

  10. [International cooperation on aging: areas and players].

    Science.gov (United States)

    Sidorenko, A V; Mikhaĭlova, O N

    2014-01-01

    This review article is devoted to the issues of international cooperation on ageing. It aims at describing the basic areas of cooperation and introducing its major players. Within the limited length of a journal article it is hardly possible to offer an exhaustive presentation of all available information; thus the article strives to provide a general orientation within the selected themes. The authors are hopeful that the presented materials will be of interest to the policy oriented researchers, policy makers and professionals working in the field of ageing and related areas such as social security, health and social services etc., as well as to the activists of non-governmental organizations.

  11. Designing for cooperation - cooperating in design

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Kyng, Morten

    1991-01-01

    This article will discuss how to design computer applications that enhance the quality of work and products, and will relate the discussion to current themes in the field of Computer-Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW). Cooperation is a key element of computer use and work practice, yet here...... a specific "CSCW approach is not taken." Instead the focus is cooperation as an important aspect of work that should be integrated into most computer support efforts in order to develop successful computer support, however, other aspects such as power, conflict and control must also be considered....

  12. Resource Management and Prevention of Moral Harassment: The Cases of Two Agricultural Cooperatives of Paraná

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Aline Alves Storti

    2017-05-01

    Full Text Available The objective of this study was to identify and analyze how preventive work is done on issues related to moral harassment in two agricultural cooperatives in Paraná. The locus chosen for analysis was justified by the need for actions that curb harassment in organizations and by the peculiarity of the environment, in addition to the two cooperatives surveyed being large employers in their region. A qualitative case study approach was taken. Descriptive data was collected through document research and interviews with four managers of the two cooperatives. Findings revealed that both cooperatives analyzed have no records of moral harassment in the Regional Labor Court and use some prevention methods. In addition, statements by personnel management professionals presented some discrepancies with other professionals interviewed, which may be related to a lack of knowledge on the theme or to cultural aspects. The Green Cooperative presented more preventive methods to moral harassment than the Blue Cooperative, including a code of ethics, denunciations via e-mail, organization environment research, a denunciation box and harassment prevention training for future leaders. The Blue Cooperative uses formal channels of communication and employee dialogue, but nothing specifically directed towards situations of harassment, organization climate research, or a code of ethics. Areas of personnel management are suggested to invest more in communicating prevention actions with those involved, which encourages dialogue and the dissemination of knowledge on what harassment is and how to prevent it.

  13. Social Cooperative – an Important Entity of the Social Economy

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Florina Oana Virlanuta

    2014-11-01

    Full Text Available Contemporary society is characterized by a number of social problems that have multiple causes that range from structural weaknesses of purely individual factors. In the challenges of globalization phenomenon and in the context of sustainable development needs of humanity, the cooperative movement has an important role. Cooperative organizations have the ability to provide viable alternatives, being the main actors of social economy, along with associations and foundations, putting the human in the center of the activity and bringing another report in the process of creating economic value. Also, the cooperative movement is a solution for the multiple and the difficult economic and social issues of the contemporary world.

  14. CRITERIOS DE EFICIENCIA Y BUENAS PRÁCTICAS EN LOS PROCESOS DE CONCENTRACIÓN DE LAS ORGANIZACIONES DE PARTICIPACIÓN/CRITERIA OF EFFICIENCY AND GOOD PRACTICES IN THE PROCESSES OF CONCENTRATION OF THE PARTICIPATION ORGANIZATIONS

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Paloma BEL DURÁN

    2008-05-01

    Full Text Available En el estudio de la Responsabilidad Social Empresarial en las sociedades cooperativas hay que identificar sus ámbitos de aplicación, así como los grupos de interés, su particular relación con la empresa y el tratamiento de la eficiencia como principio empresarial y como combinación de esfuerzos hacia la Responsabilidad Social. De esta forma a lo largo del presente trabajo se plantea el estudio de la Responsabilidad Social Empresarial para el caso de las sociedades cooperativas, por una parte desde la esfera interna o núcleo que de la propia definición de Responsabilidad Social atendería a los trabajadores, los clientes y los proveedores, esto es a los socios; y por otra, desde una esfera más amplia que atendería a los competidores, la comunidad local, el medio ambiente y la sociedad en general. Para ello, se analizan como requerimientos fundamentales en el ámbito interno, la eficiencia en la participación de los socios en los flujos empresariales, y en el ámbito externo, la concentración empresarial de las sociedades cooperativas, así como las variables que se ven modificadas en los procesos de concentración empresarial en aras de conseguir valores que ensalcen el buen gobierno y la Responsabilidad Social Empresarial. Por último, se tratar de determinar los efectos que los procesos de concentración tienen en la determinación del valor de la Responsabilidad Social en las sociedades cooperativas. /In the study of Corporate Social Responsibility in cooperative societies it is necessary to identify its areas of application, as well as the groups of interest, its particular relation with the company and the treatment of the efficiency as managerial principle and as combination of efforts towards the Social Responsibility. This work sets out to study Corporate Social Responsibility for the case of cooperative societies, on one hand from the internal sphere or core that of the definition of Corporate Social Responsibility would pay

  15. Post-synthetic modification of porphyrin-encapsulating metal-organic materials by cooperative addition of inorganic salts to enhance CO 2/CH 4 selectivity

    KAUST Repository

    Zhang, ZhenJie

    2012-08-21

    Keeping MOM: Reaction of biphenyl-3,4\\',5-tricarboxylate and Cd(NO 3) 2 in the presence of meso-tetra(N-methyl-4-pyridyl) porphine tetratosylate afforded porph@MOM-11, a microporous metal-organic material (MOM) that encapsulates cationic porphyrins and solvent in alternating open channels. Porph@MOM-11 has cation and anion binding sites that facilitate cooperative addition of inorganic salts (such as M +Cl -) in a stoichiometric fashion. © 2012 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

  16. Post-synthetic modification of porphyrin-encapsulating metal-organic materials by cooperative addition of inorganic salts to enhance CO 2/CH 4 selectivity

    KAUST Repository

    Zhang, ZhenJie; Gao, Wenyang; Wojtas, Łukasz; Ma, Shengqian; Eddaoudi, Mohamed; Zaworotko, Michael J.

    2012-01-01

    Keeping MOM: Reaction of biphenyl-3,4',5-tricarboxylate and Cd(NO 3) 2 in the presence of meso-tetra(N-methyl-4-pyridyl) porphine tetratosylate afforded porph@MOM-11, a microporous metal-organic material (MOM) that encapsulates cationic porphyrins and solvent in alternating open channels. Porph@MOM-11 has cation and anion binding sites that facilitate cooperative addition of inorganic salts (such as M +Cl -) in a stoichiometric fashion. © 2012 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

  17. Collective chasing behavior between cooperators and defectors in the spatial prisoner's dilemma.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Genki Ichinose

    Full Text Available Cooperation is one of the essential factors for all biological organisms in major evolutionary transitions. Recent studies have investigated the effect of migration for the evolution of cooperation. However, little is known about whether and how an individuals' cooperativeness coevolves with mobility. One possibility is that mobility enhances cooperation by enabling cooperators to escape from defectors and form clusters; the other possibility is that mobility inhibits cooperation by helping the defectors to catch and exploit the groups of cooperators. In this study we investigate the coevolutionary dynamics by using the prisoner's dilemma game model on a lattice structure. The computer simulations demonstrate that natural selection maintains cooperation in the form of evolutionary chasing between the cooperators and defectors. First, cooperative groups grow and collectively move in the same direction. Then, mutant defectors emerge and invade the cooperative groups, after which the defectors exploit the cooperators. Then other cooperative groups emerge due to mutation and the cycle is repeated. Here, it is worth noting that, as a result of natural selection, the mobility evolves towards directional migration, but not to random or completely fixed migration. Furthermore, with directional migration, the rate of global population extinction is lower when compared with other cases without the evolution of mobility (i.e., when mobility is preset to random or fixed. These findings illustrate the coevolutionary dynamics of cooperation and mobility through the directional chasing between cooperators and defectors.

  18. The process of learning from emergency preparedness cooperation in international schools

    OpenAIRE

    Pham, Hanh

    2014-01-01

    Master's thesis in Risk management and societal safety The cooperation between schools and organizations can encourage schools to learn about safety procedures and preparation for emergencies to improve the school emergency preparedness. In the international schools in Stavanger, learning from emergency preparedness cooperation can be optimized when knowledge creation contributes to improve the school capability and update or change the school emergency preparedness activities. However, de...

  19. Estado e sociedade civil na teoria política: alguns paradigmas, muitas trajetórias

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Raquel Kritsch

    2014-12-01

    Full Text Available http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/2175-7984.2014v13n28p225 O objetivo primeiro deste artigo é discutir algumas das inúmeras definições elaboradas por pensadores políticos modernos para a noção de sociedade civil e sua particular ligação – de contiguidade ou de oposição – com a ideia de Estado. Tal reconstrução parece relevante para que possamos refletir com certo rigor analítico sobre os muitos usos de sociedade civil, ideia tão cara ao pensamento político e social, tornada hoje quase uma “entidade regulatória”, em nome da qual os mais variados tipos de agentes sociais pretendem falar e cuja vontade supõem ser capazes de interpretar, como bem ilustram os levantes populares recentes ocorridos em várias partes do mundo, inclusive, no Brasil. Para tanto, são apresentados e discutidos alguns dos modelos interpretativos mais conhecidos nas ciências sociais – Hegel, Marx, Gramsci e Habermas e Cohen e Arato – acerca do papel da sociedade civil e sua relação com o âmbito estatal. O intuito é contribuir para o enriquecimento das possibilidades analíticas relacionadas à investigação sobre a agência de atores e movimentos sociais inseridos em coletivos complexamente organizados. Destina-se, assim, principalmente, a servir de orientação teórico-metodológica para alunos de graduação que pretendem pesquisar movimentos sociais em sociedades Contemporâneas.

  20. Developing Praxis in Conflictual Cooperation

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Axel, Erik

    . The presentation will discuss and analyse some empirical material from a project on conflictual cooperation in the building business. The analysis opens an opportunity to discuss and expand Lave and Wenger's notion of situated learning. The authors' original intention of understanding learning as an integral......The present and Nielsen's abstracts argue that change and learning are two related aspects of praxis. The present abstract will investigate the relation between developing praxis and its organization, while Nielsen's abstract will investigate the relation between learning and changing praxis...... of the house leaves traces which we must take into account in our ensuing acts. Additionally it will be argued that the professionals may constitute different communities on the building site. This does not mean that the building site is a community of practice, all the same the conflictual cooperation...

  1. Alfabetización Digital: un peldaño hacia la sociedad de la información

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Myrna Carolina Martí

    2008-03-01

    Full Text Available Los seres humanos tienden a reaccionar ante las palabras por sus antónimos. Lo primero que se piensa cuando se habla de alfabetización es en los analfabetos. Lamentablemente esta palabra tiene un antónimo muy fuerte y con implicancias sociales y culturales muy negativas. Esta es una de las grandes críticas a la tendencia de llamar "alfabetización" a esta renovación continua de las capacidades de aprender y comunicarse. En este articulo coincidimos con los pensadores que sostienen que la palabra "alfabetización, significando la capacidad para leer y escribir, ha extendido gradualmente su campo de aplicación en la era digital para pasar a significar la capacidad para utilizar las tecnologías de información y comunicaciones y entender la información, cualquiera que sea su formato. Presentamos a la alfabetización como un proceso constante y permanente de aprendizaje que debe perdurar por toda la vida de las personas para que las mismas sean funcionales en su vida en familia, en sociedad y en las organizaciones en las que trabajan en este nuevo paradigma llamado "Sociedad de la Información". La Alfabetización Digital es el último peldaño conocido de esta escalada hacia la Sociedad de la Información. Estamos en el medio de un proceso de transformación permanente que nos impone repensar nuestras relaciones con la realidad y debemos estar preparados para actuar en consecuencia ya que el tiempo y la disponibilidad y el acceso a información se han transformado en elementos claves de supervivencia en esta nueva Sociedad.Human beings tend to react to the words by their antonymous. The first thing that comes to the mind when speaking of literacy is in the illiterate. Unfortunately, this word has a very strong antonymous and with highly negative social and cultural implications. This is one of the great criticisms to the tendency to call "literacy" to this ongoing renewal of the capacities of learning and communicating. In this article we

  2. Ulysses - An ESA/NASA cooperative programme

    Science.gov (United States)

    Meeks, W.; Eaton, D.

    1990-01-01

    Cooperation between ESA and NASA is discussed, noting that the Memorandum of Understanding lays the framework for this relationship, defining the responsibilities of ESA and NASA and providing for appointment of leadership and managers for the project. Members of NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory and ESA's ESTEC staff have been appointed to leadership positions within the project and ultimate control of the project rests with the Joint Working Group consisting of two project managers and two project scientists, equally representing both organizations. Coordination of time scales and overall mission design is discussed, including launch cooperation, public relations, and funding of scientific investigations such as Ulysses. Practical difficulties of managing an international project are discussed such as differing documentation requirements and communication techniques, and assurance of equality on projects.

  3. A study on the establishment of nuclear cooperative relations and future direction between Korea and Egypt

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Yang, M. H.; Kim, H. S.; Kim, H. J.; Yun, S. W.; Ko, H. S

    2000-10-01

    This study was carried out in order to review the cooperation with Egypt and establish and activate the cooperative relations with Egypt. Recent policy trends in the use and development of nuclear energy in Egypt, were investigated including introduction of nuclear power plant, and cooperative relations between two nations were also established under the implementation of the project. It was agreed through exchanges of visits of nuclear cooperation delegation; 1) exchange of visits of cooperation delegation, 2) invitation of egypt experts to policy seminar 3) cooperation between relevant nuclear related organizations of two countries, 4) future cooperation fields and directions between two countries. It is recommended that cooperation with Egypt be implemented systematically through the long term based on national basic cooperation directions and integrated strategies.

  4. A study on the establishment of nuclear cooperative relations and future direction between Korea and Egypt

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Yang, M. H.; Kim, H. S.; Kim, H. J.; Yun, S. W.; Ko, H. S.

    2000-10-01

    This study was carried out in order to review the cooperation with Egypt and establish and activate the cooperative relations with Egypt. Recent policy trends in the use and development of nuclear energy in Egypt, were investigated including introduction of nuclear power plant, and cooperative relations between two nations were also established under the implementation of the project. It was agreed through exchanges of visits of nuclear cooperation delegation; 1) exchange of visits of cooperation delegation, 2) invitation of egypt experts to policy seminar 3) cooperation between relevant nuclear related organizations of two countries, 4) future cooperation fields and directions between two countries. It is recommended that cooperation with Egypt be implemented systematically through the long term based on national basic cooperation directions and integrated strategies

  5. Democracy in NGOs: Making the Cooperative Option Work.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Wardle, Chris

    1988-01-01

    Discusses several problems encountered by nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) that structure themselves as cooperatives, with all members being equal. Presents four problem areas--(1) decision making, (2) meetings, (3) job rotation, and (4) growth--as well as strategies to solve potential problems. (CH)

  6. “La masonería en México, entre las sociedades secretas y patrióticas, 1813-1830”

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    María Eugenia Vázquez Semadeni

    2010-01-01

    Full Text Available ¿Qué distingue a la masonería de otras sociedades secretas o de las sociedades patrióticas? ¿Lo que hubo en México entre 1823 y 1830, sigue siendo masonería a pesar de su condición de centros de acción política? En este trabajo se intentará responder éstas y otras preguntas que se desprenden del complejo accionar de los masones en México durante las primeras décadas del siglo XIX, proponiendo algunas definiciones operativas, así como aplicándolas a los casos concretos de las organizaciones masónicas, paramasónicas, sociedades patrióticas y secretas que funcionaron en el país en esos años.

  7. Encouraging Second Language Use in Cooperative Learning Groups

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    George M Jacobs

    2013-11-01

    Full Text Available This article presents, explains and organizes ideas for promoting students’ use of their second language (this term includes foreign language when they work together in cooperative learning groups. The first part of the article reviews arguments as to whether students of second languages should be encouraged to use their second language with classmates when doing group activities. These arguments are discussed with reference to Second Language Acquisition (SLA theory. Practical issues are also explored. Next, the majority of the article presents ideas on how to promote second language use during peer interaction. Twenty-nine of these ideas are explained. The ideas are organized into five categories: a role for the L1; understanding the issue; creating a conducive climate; providing language support; and the task. It is recommended that teachers use ideas from the literature on cooperative learning when they ask students to interact.

  8. Ilustración y Sociedades Económicas en la provincia de Cádiz

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Juan José IGLESIAS RODRÍGUEZ

    2009-12-01

    Full Text Available RESUMEN: Este trabajo se ocupa del papel desempeñado por la ideología ilustrada en la provincia de Cádiz a fines del Antiguo Régimen. El principal marco de referencia son las Sociedades Económicas de Amigos del País, instituciones arquetípicas de la Ilustración española que nacieron con voluntad de servir como instrumento para el progreso económico y la felicidad pública. Las Sociedades Económicas intentaron desarrollar nuevas formas de comunicación social y ser vehículos de la política reformista estatal. Sin embargo, se vieron fuertemente condicionadas por la pervivencia de una mentalidad tradicional refractaria a las nuevas ideas ilustradas y, sobre todo, por los intereses de control estamental de las oligarquías locales, de las que dependió a menudo su creación y desarrollo. Ello condicionó la existencia de resultados pobres en la primera etapa ilustrada de las Sociedades Económicas, aunque su reinstalación en la primera época liberal significó una revitalización de su actividad. En algunos casos, las Sociedades Económicas fueron también el escenario de las luchas entre la oligarquía tradicional y las nuevas élites económicas liberales por el control del poder local.ABSTRACT: This paper examines the role of the ideology of Enlightenment in the province of Cádiz during the final years of the Ancient Régime, with particular reference to the Economic Societies of the Friends of the ?Country (Sociedades Económicas de Amigos del País. These institutions were archetypes oí the Spanish Enlightenment and were born with the purpose of serving as instruments for economic development and public welfare. The Economic Societies endeavoured to develop new forms of social communication and to be vehicles for the reformist policies of the state. However, they were conditioned, on the one hand, by the survival of a traditional, conservative mentality that strongly opposed these new ideas and, above all, by the vested

  9. Cooperative motion of intrinsic and actuated semiflexible swimmers

    Science.gov (United States)

    Llopis, I.; Pagonabarraga, I.; Cosentino Lagomarsino, M.; Lowe, C. P.

    2013-03-01

    We examine the phenomenon of hydrodynamic-induced cooperativity for pairs of flagellated micro-organism swimmers, of which spermatozoa cells are an example. We consider semiflexible swimmers, where inextensible filaments are driven by an internal intrinsic force and torque-free mechanism (intrinsic swimmers). The velocity gain for swimming cooperatively, which depends on both the geometry and the driving, develops as a result of the near-field coupling of bending and hydrodynamic stresses. We identify the regimes where hydrodynamic cooperativity is advantageous and quantify the change in efficiency. When the filaments' axes are parallel, hydrodynamic interaction induces a directional instability that causes semiflexible swimmers that profit from swimming together to move apart from each other. Biologically, this implies that flagella need to select different synchronized collective states and to compensate for directional instabilities (e.g., by binding) in order to profit from swimming together. By analyzing the cooperative motion of pairs of externally actuated filaments, we assess the impact that stress distribution along the filaments has on their collective displacements.

  10. Aportaciones de las personas mayores a la sociedad: Análisis sociológico

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Mª TERESA BAZO

    1996-01-01

    Full Text Available En el artículo se exponen algunos resultados de una investigación sobre actividad en la vejez y contribuciones de las personas jubiladas a la sociedad, realizada por la autora con una muestra de más de 60 personas, la mayor parte jubiladas y otras expertas en distintas áreas, residentes en el País Vasco, Navarra, Barcelona, Madrid y Zaragoza. se ha utilizado la entrevista en profundidad semiestructurada y la entrevista de grupo. los resultados expuestos son relativos, sobre todo, a las actividades altruistas de las personas jubiladas, asi como algunas contribuciones al bienestar económico de la sociedad. una conclusión es que las nuevas personas jubiladas solo necesitan oportunidades para desarrollar todo su potencial. el resto lo ponen ellas.

  11. Current status of international cooperation on nuclear safety research

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Katsuragi, Satoru

    1984-01-01

    JAERI (Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute), as a representative organization in Japan, has been participating in many international cooperations on nuclear safety research. This report reviews the recent achievement and evolution of the international cooperative safety studies. Twelve projects that are based on the agreements between JAERI and foreign organizations are reviewed. As the fuel irradiation studies, the recent achievement of the OECD Halden Reactor Project and the agreement between Pacific Northwest Laboratories, Battelle Memorial Institute, and JAERI are explained. As for the study of reactivity accident, the cooperation of the NSRR (Nuclear Safety Research Reactor) project in Japan with PBF, PNS and PHEBUS projects in the U.S., West Germany and France, respectively, are now in progress. The fuel performance in abnormal transient and the experiment and analysis of severe fuel damage are the new areas of international interest. The OECD/LOFT project and ROSA-4 projects are also explained in connection with the FP source term problem and the analysis codes such as RELAP-5 and TRAC. As the safety studies associated with the downstream of the nuclear fuel cycle, the BEFAST project of IAEA and the ISIRS project of OECD/NEA are shortly reviewed. (Aoki, K.)

  12. Tutela de los socios de las sociedades de capital en las operaciones de modificación estructural

    OpenAIRE

    Henao Beltrán, Lina Fernanda

    2013-01-01

    Las operaciones de modificación estructural de las sociedades de capital inciden directamente sobre el estatus de los socios, este trabajo tiene como objetivo presentar cuáles son los mecanismos que se han concebido tanto en las Directivas de la Unión Europea como en la legislación española para proteger cuantitativa y cualitativamente el nexo que vincula a los socios con las sociedades participantes en las operaciones de fusión, escisión y cesión global de activo y pasivo.

  13. Sociedad occidental al sur: entre conocimiento, riesgo y miedo. Reflexiones en perspectiva bioética y de salud pública.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Fabio Rivas Muñoz

    2012-01-01

    Full Text Available La sociedad actual recibe, entre otras denominaciones, modernidad tardía o reflexiva, y sociedad del conocimiento. A fin de explicarla se acude a múltiples abordajes pero sobre todo se advierte su complejidad y su intrincado sistema de relaciones. Se han buscado respuestas a sus más grandes problemas no sólo en la sociología sino también en las variadas formas de combinar análisis sociales con análisis políticos, económicos, culturales y filosóficos. Un papel relevante y difundido juega Ulrich Beck al caracterizar la sociedad del riesgo. Para él, la segunda modernidad tiene que ver con la forma como en occidente se ha ido presentando un cambio en las ideas impulsoras que preconizaban el progreso, el control, el pleno empleo y la explotación de la naturaleza. Fenómenos como la industrialización y el mercado dentro del capitalismo, para mencionar sólo uno de los procesos más influyentes en la sociedad moderna, han desembocado en la globalización, la individualización, la revolución de géneros, el subempleo y las amenazas planetarias, las cuales van conformando su perspectiva de la sociedad del riesgo, como la denomina Beck. Hay, sin embargo, un occidente al norte y otro al sur. Esto igualmente plantea desafíos, nuevas dinámicas y preguntas sobre el mundo y la supervivencia, pero también sobre aspectos centrales para los seres humanos, entre ellos, la salud. ¿Cuáles son las razones para prestar tanta atención al riesgo y que este, a su vez, se inmiscuya en todos los planos de la sociedad? ¿Cómo enfrentar los retos que la sociedad del riesgo plantea al área asistencial? ¿Qué implicaciones tiene hablar de conocimiento, riesgo, miedo y también desconocimiento en la atención en salud? Estas son sólo algunas de las preguntas que surgen de la dinámica social actual. En esta reflexión se tendrán en cuenta las características de la sociedad del riesgo enunciadas por Beck y su relación con los análisis de expertos en

  14. Proceedings of International Symposium on Energy Co-operation in North East Asia

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    NONE

    2001-06-01

    This proceedings are for the International Symposium on Energy Co-operation in North-East Asia, organized by Korea Energy Economics Institute, Institute of Energy Economics, Japan, and United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific, held on June 2001 at Sheraton Walker Hill Hotel in Seoul, Korea. The major themes discussed are following: 1.Energy Profile, Outlook and Perspectives on Regional Co-operation in Northeast Asia 2.Future Challenges in the Energy Sector in Northeast Asia 3.Perspectives of Energy Co-operation in Northeast Asia.

  15. El Concepto de Interés Social y su Impacto en el Derecho de Sociedades Colombiano

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Wilson Iván Morgestein Sánchez

    2011-12-01

    Full Text Available “Interés social”, “interés de la empresa” o “interés societario”, lo cierto es que no me parece arriesgado afirmar que el mencionado concepto es uno de los pilares fundamentales de la ciencia jurídico-societaria, y esto es así no solo porque su noción se encuentra estrechamente vinculada a la posición que se acoja con relación a la naturaleza jurídica de las sociedades de derecho privado, o porque sea “…la brújula orientadora que se debe seguir al interior de la sociedad” sino porque es el criterio fundamental para determinar cómo se hace y cómo se entiende el derecho de sociedades, y porque el sentido que se le pueda dar al concepto en estudio se erige en una herramienta fundamental a la hora de: (i determinar la forma en que el derecho de sociedades puede contribuir a hacer efectiva la función social de la empresa colombiana; (ii establecer la importancia de un código de buen gobierno corporativo como elemento del negocio jurídico societario y como instrumento para evitar los procesos de insolvencia empresarial; y (iii constituye un criterio determinante a la hora de fallar procesos de impugnación de decisiones sociales, entre muchos otros aspectos del derecho societario patrio.De lo hasta ahora dicho se puede entrever que un elemento fundamental, un núcleo esencial del derecho de sociedades lo constituye el concepto de interés social, comoquiera que una adecuada aproximación al mismo nos puede ayudar a dilucidar la forma en que se construye y la forma en que se interpreta ese derecho societario, para de este modo no solo contribuir a la correcta evolución y desarrollo de esa área de la ciencia jurídico - mercantil, sino también intentar brindar soluciones adecuadas a diversas problemáticas que, dentro del ámbito propio del derecho de sociedades, presenta en la actualidad la comunidad jurídico-empresarial colombiana.

  16. El Concepto de Interés Social y su Impacto en el Derecho de Sociedades Colombiano

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Wilson Iván Morgestein Sánchez

    2011-12-01

    Full Text Available “Interés social”, “interés de la empresa” o “interés societario”, lo cierto es que no me parece arriesgado afirmar que el mencionado concepto es uno de los pilares fundamentales de la ciencia jurídico-societaria, y esto es así no solo porque su noción se encuentra estrechamente vinculada a la posición que se acoja con relación a la naturaleza jurídica de las sociedades de derecho privado, o porque sea “…la brújula orientadora que se debe seguir al interior de la sociedad” sino porque es el criterio fundamental para determinar cómo se hace y cómo se entiende el derecho de sociedades, y porque el sentido que se le pueda dar al concepto en estudio se erige en una herramienta fundamental a la hora de: (i determinar la forma en que el derecho de sociedades puede contribuir a hacer efectiva la función social de la empresa colombiana; (ii establecer la importancia de un código de buen gobierno corporativo como elemento del negocio jurídico societario y como instrumento para evitar los procesos de insolvencia empresarial; y (iii constituye un criterio determinante a la hora de fallar procesos de impugnación de decisiones sociales, entre muchos otros aspectos del derecho societario patrio. De lo hasta ahora dicho se puede entrever que un elemento fundamental, un núcleo esencial del derecho de sociedades lo constituye el concepto de interés social, comoquiera que una adecuada aproximación al mismo nos puede ayudar a dilucidar la forma en que se construye y la forma en que se interpreta ese derecho societario, para de este modo no solo contribuir a la correcta evolución y desarrollo de esa área de la ciencia jurídico - mercantil, sino también intentar brindar soluciones adecuadas a diversas problemáticas que, dentro del ámbito propio del derecho de sociedades, presenta en la actualidad la comunidad jurídico-empresarial colombiana.

  17. ALERTA DE TECNOLOGIAS NOVAS E EMERGENTES: O DESAFIO DE INFORMAR A SOCIEDADE

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Pollyanna Teresa Cirilo Gomes

    2015-10-01

    Full Text Available O monitoramento do Horizonte Tecnológico (MHT é uma etapa específica da Avaliação de Tecnologias em Saúde. Este trabalho teve como objetivo construir um modelo de Alerta de MHT centrado na sociedade, nos gestores e nos profissionais de saúde, a fim de ser utilizado no âmbito do Ministério da Saúde. Para isso, foram pesquisados nos sítios eletrônicos das agências integrantes da EuroScan, informes e alertas de tecnologias em saúde novas e emergentes. A partir dessa busca, levou-se em consideração a relevância da informação, a rapidez na obtenção dos dados e a disponibilidade para a equipe elaboradora. Os Alertas de MHT poderão promover o acesso dos diferentes segmentos da sociedade a informações baseadas na melhor evidência científica disponível, e poderá auxiliar nos processos de tomada decisão em saúde.

  18. A cigarra e a formiga: por uma paisagem sonora da sociedade globalizada

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Heloísa de Araújo Valente

    2001-06-01

    Full Text Available Há pouco mais de cem anos, a paisagem sonora urbana conhecia uma série de sons bizarros que, desde então, só se multiplicaram, a ponto de formar uma massa sonora de baixa definição acústica (lo-fi. Trata-se do som contínuo dos motores que, em última análise, transmitem mensagens repetitivas. De outra parte, a globalização deste final de século abocanha, a cada dia, um território espaço-cultural cada vez mais amplo. A música- pelo menos a música das mídias- já nasce cosmopolita, fazendo ressoar um mesmo repertório em todos os restaurantes e aeroportos do mundo. Cria-se, assim, uma mesma trilha sonora para o grande formigueiro humano que habita o planeta. O presente trabalho pretende discutir, através do exemplo da música, o papel da paisagem sonora atual, numa sociedade humana que adquire traços de uma sociedade entômica.

  19. Implementation of treaty as basis for regional cooperation vis-à-vis ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    Virtually all states of the world belong to some regional cooperation organization and nearly all regions of the world have at least one organization, which aims, inter alia, at establishing a free trade area amongst its members, promotion of economic integration, monetary integration, improvement of regional infrastructure for ...

  20. Scientific Meetings Database: A New Tool for CTBT-Related International Cooperation

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Knapik, Jerzy F.; Girven, Mary L.

    1999-08-20

    The mission of international cooperation is defined in the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT). Ways and means of implementation were the subject of discussion during the International Cooperation Workshop held in Vienna in November 1998, and during the Regional Workshop for CTBTO International Cooperation held in Cairo, Egypt in June 1999. In particular, a database of ''Scientific and Technical Meetings Directly or Indirectly Related to CTBT Verification-Related Technologies'' was developed by the CTBTO PrepCom/PTS/International Cooperation section and integrated into the organization's various web sites in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Energy CTBT Research and Development Program. This database, the structure and use of which is described in this paper/presentation is meant to assist the CTBT-related scientific community in identifying worldwide expertise in the CTBT verification-related technologies and should help experts, particularly those of less technologically advanced States Signatories, to strengthen contacts and to pursue international cooperation under the Tredy regime. Specific opportunities for international cooperation, in particular those provided by active participation in the use and further development of this database, are presented in this paper and/or presentation.

  1. Collective punishment is more effective than collective reward for promoting cooperation

    Science.gov (United States)

    Gao, Lei; Wang, Zhen; Pansini, Riccardo; Li, Yao-Tang; Wang, Rui-Wu

    2015-12-01

    Collective punishment and reward are usually regarded as two potential mechanisms to explain the evolution of cooperation. Both scenarios, however, seem problematic to understand cooperative behavior, because they can raise the second-order free-rider problem and many organisms are not able to discriminate less cooperating individuals. Even though they have been proved to increase cooperation, there has been a debate about which one being more effective. To address this issue, we resort to the N-player evolutionary snowdrift game (NESG), where a collective punishment/reward mechanism is added by allowing some players to display punishment/reward towards all remaining players. By means of numerous simulations and analyses, we find that collective punishment is more effective in promoting cooperation for a relatively high initial frequency of cooperation or for a relatively small group. When the intensity of punishment exceeds a certain threshold, a stable state of full cooperation emerges for both small and large groups. In contrast, such state does not appear for large groups playing a NESG with reward mechanism. In the case of mutualistic interactions, finally, our results show the new payoff with collective punishment/reward can lead to the coexistence of cooperators and defectors when discrimination between these two is not possible.

  2. Encuesta de opinión de los socios de la Sociedad Española de Sanidad Ambiental

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    María Luisa Pita Toledo

    2012-08-01

    Full Text Available El objetivo de este trabajo ha sido conocer el perfil de los socios de SESA, sus intereses, inquietudes y demandas profesionales, así como su grado de satisfacción con las actividades de la sociedad, para que estas se adecuen mejor a lo que los socios necesitan. Para ello se elaboró un cuestionario en el que se recogen aspectos relativos al perfil del asociado, a las actividades desarrolladas por la Sociedad así como a cuestiones de carácter técnico y científico. A continuación se presenta el resultado del análisis de los datos obtenidos, entre los que cabe destacar la necesidad de rejuvenecer la sociedad, de diversificar el perfil profesional de los asociados y de que SESA tenga una mayor presencia en la vida científica y social. También se detallan las actividades mejor valoradas por los socios, entre las que cabe destacar los congresos, las jornadas técnicas, la revista y la página Web.

  3. Money laundering in the convention on combating bribery of foreign public officials in international business transactions of the organization for cooperation and development (OECD

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Notari Bonini Notari

    2015-09-01

    Full Text Available This article aims to analyze the phenomenon of corruption and money laundering and how they are being addressed this issue under the Convention on Combating Public Officials Corruption Foreigners in Transactions Organization of International Trade for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD and the formulation of public policies for Combating Corruption and Money Laundering, by the Brazilian State. The Money Laundering is a species of corrupting practices, so that this type of illicit undertakes the realization of fundamental rights, social rights, economic criminal law, the democratic rule of law affecting, directly, public policy tax as a result of the commission of unlawful acts and offenses linked to issues of an economic nature, such as bribery, fraud, tax evasion, bribery, money laundering, drug trafficking, arms linked indirectly, to organized crime. Whereas the article is a bibliographic nature, it will be used as the method of approach to be adopted in its deductive development, with general assumption arguments (major premise for particular arguments (minor premise; while the procedure is analytical. Key words: Public Policy Tax, Money Laundering, Corruption of Foreign Public Officials, economic, illegalities. Money Laundering CRIME UNDER THE CONVENTION ON THE FIGHT AGAINST CORRUPTION OF FOREIGN public employee in the business operations of the International Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD This article AIMS to analyze the phenomenon of corruption and money laundering and how it is addressing this issue under the Convention on Combating Bribery of Foreign Public Officials in International Business Transactions of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Economic Development (OECD and the formulation of public policies for the Fight against Corruption and Money Laundering, by the Brazilian government. Money laundering is a kind of corrupt practices, so this type of crime committed with the

  4. La sociedad filarmónica y el vanguardismo político cultural en Bayamo en el periodo 1840-1870

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Lic. Mario Cobas-Sanz

    2015-10-01

    Full Text Available La primera institución cultural que floreció en Bayamo fue la Sociedad Filarmónica. Esta sociedad enriquecida con las tendencias ideológicas más avanzadas de la época tenía como objetivo primario la difusión de la cultura y la instrucción en sus diversas formas. Sus miembros se consagraron con empeño al cultivo de las letras, la música, el teatro; a impulsar el buen comportamiento ciudadano y el estudio de las causas de los males sociales. La Sociedad Filarmónica se convirtió en un centro de formación patriótica, de repudio al despotismo imperante y en lugar para expresar, a través de las diversas manifestaciones culturales, los sentimientos, aspiraciones y planes para eliminar el sistema colonial español.

  5. Nuevos modos de construcción de la identidad en la sociedad informacional

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Lic. Antonio J. Baladrón Pazos

    2003-01-01

    Full Text Available La expansión de las nuevas tecnologías de la información y la comunicación y su aplicación práctica, en muchos casos menor que el previo desarrollo teórico, están cambiando parcelas importantes de la vida en sociedad. Los nuevos medios crean nuevos modos, tanto en lo profesional como en cualquier otro ámbito de las relaciones sociales, así como en la propia esfera de la intimidad de cada persona. El cambio tiene tal trascendencia que junto a la hasta ahora base de las relaciones en sociedad, es decir, la comunicación entre personas (bien cara a cara o de manera mediática, aparecen nuevos mecanismos de integración del individuo en la colectividad y de construcción de la identidad personal, vinculados a la relación entre el hombre y el ordenador.

  6. Cooperation between CERN and ITER

    CERN Document Server

    2008-01-01

    CERN and the International Fusion Organisation ITER have just signed a first cooperation agreeement. Kaname Ikeda, the Director-General of the International Fusion Energy Organisation (ITER) (on the right) and Robert Aymar, Director-General of CERN, signing the agreement.The Director-General of the International Fusion Energy Organization, Mr Kaname Ikeda, and CERN Director-General, Robert Aymar, signed a cooperation agreement at a meeting on the Meyrin site on Thursday 6 March. One of the main purposes of this agreement is for CERN to give ITER the benefit of its experience in the field of technology as well as in administrative domains such as finance, procurement, human resources and informatics through the provision of consultancy services. Currently in its start-up phase at its Cadarache site, 70 km from Marseilles (France), ITER will focus its research on the scientific and technical feasibility of using fusion energy as a fu...

  7. Money laundering in the convention on combating bribery of foreign public officials in international business transactions of the organization for cooperation and development (OECD)

    OpenAIRE

    Notari Bonini Notari; Rogério Gesta Leal

    2015-01-01

    This article aims to analyze the phenomenon of corruption and money laundering and how they are being addressed this issue under the Convention on Combating Public Officials Corruption Foreigners in Transactions Organization of International Trade for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) and the formulation of public policies for Combating Corruption and Money Laundering, by the Brazilian State. The Money Laundering is a species of corrupting practices, so that this type of illicit und...

  8. Teleworking through cooperation

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Dario Minervini

    2006-07-01

    Full Text Available La diffusion des TIC a des effets majeurs sur la société et sur l’économie. L’effet des nouvelles technologies sur le travail est évident dans les transformations de l’organisation du travail et des pratiques dans les organisations. Le télétravail est un bon exemple de ces nouvelles pratiques. Le présent texte expose les résultats d’un projet de recherche récemment mené sur le télétravail. Contrairement à l’approche qui présente un modèle d’avantages pour les acteurs économiques et sociaux, notre hypothèse est que le schème dialogique est lié aux nouvelles technologies et que la coopération est une dimension importante du télétravail. Dans notre étude, la coopération est observée à la fois dans les relations sociales entre employeurs et employés, et dans l’institutionnalisation de relations entre managers et syndicats. Bien que les deux formes de coopération, appelées ici coopération sociale et coopération institutionnelle, soient souvent considérées comme des prérequis aux « meilleures pratiques » en matière de nouvelles organisations du travail, nos études de cas montrent que la coopération n’est pas toujours au rendez-vous, ce qui rend difficile la mise en place des pratiques de télétravail. Nous discutons des résultats de diverses études de cas dans l’industrie et les services en nous centrant sur les relations de coopération et ce, afin de contribuer au débat sociologique sur le télétravail.The diffusion of ICT has massive effects on society and economy. The impact of the new technologies on work is apparent in new ways of organizing work and in new practices introduced in organizations. Telework is one good example within these. In this paper, we present the results of a recent research project on telework, in which we have been engaged. Differently from the approach referring to a model of benefits for economic and social actors, our hypothesis is that the dialogical

  9. Patient satisfaction with out-of-hours GP cooperatives: a longitudinal study.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Smits, Marleen; Huibers, Linda; Oude Bos, Anita; Giesen, Paul

    2012-12-01

    For over a decade, out-of-hours primary care in the Netherlands has been provided by general practitioner (GP) cooperatives. In the past years, quality improvements have been made and patients have become acquainted with the service. This may have increased patient satisfaction. The objective of this study was to examine changes in patient satisfaction with GP cooperatives over time. Longitudinal observational study. A validated patient satisfaction questionnaire was distributed in 2003-2004 (T1) and 2007-2008 (T2). Items were rated on a scale from 0 to 10 (1 = very bad; 10 = excellent). Eight GP cooperatives in the Netherlands. Stratified sample of 9600 patients. Response was 55% at T1 (n = 2634) and 51% at T2 (n = 2462). Expectations met; satisfaction with triage nurses, GPs, and organization. For most patients the care received at the GP cooperative met their expectations (T1: 86.1% and T2: 88.4%). Patients were satisfied with the triage nurses (overall grade T1: 7.73 and T2: 7.99), GPs (T1: 8.04 and T2: 8.25), and organization (overall grade T1: 7.60 and T2: 7.78). Satisfaction with triage nurses showed the largest increase over time. The quality and effectiveness of advice or treatment were given relatively low grades. Of all organizational aspects, the lowest grades were given for waiting times and information about the cooperative. In general, patients were initially satisfied with GP cooperatives and satisfaction had even increased four years later. However, there is room for improvement in the content of the advice, waiting times, and information supply. More research is needed into satisfaction of specific patient groups.

  10. Analysis of factors affecting agribusiness cooperators' access to ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    High interest rate, delay in loan disbursement and reluctance in repaying loans were rated the most dominant challenges to borrowing from formal sources. Based on the findings, it was recommended that cooperatives should be encouraged to organize periodic capacity building exercises for members to keep them ...

  11. La Sociedad del Conocimiento y el Fin de la Escuela

    OpenAIRE

    Rodríguez Rojas, Pedro

    2004-01-01

    Educere:Una Brizna de Aliento en el Tiempo Rivas, Pedro El Paradigma Reinante y su Paideia Alonso, Leonor La Experiencia Contemporánea como Expresión del Fin de una ÉticaAlgunas Ideas desde la Postmodernidad para Releer el Dato Educativo Perdomo, José Camilo La Sociedad del Conocimiento y el Fin de la Escuela Rodríguez Rojas, Pedro Escuela, Alteridad y Experiencia de SíLa Producción Pedagógica del Sujeto Valera Villegas, G...

  12. Alferes Gamboa e a Sociedade Comemorativa da Independência do Império, 1869-1889

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Hendrik Kraay

    2011-01-01

    Full Text Available As festas da Independência brasileira promovidas pela Sociedade Comemorativa da Independência do Império no Rio de Janeiro revelam um significativo engajamento popular com o Estado imperial. O controle dessas celebrações pelo 'povo' da capital do Brasil aos poucos chegou a preocupar tanto membros da elite - perturbados diante do controle dos símbolos nacionais como a estátua equestre de d. Pedro I por patriotas populares - como republicanos que rejeitavam a monarquia, pois os patriotas populares demonstraram um monarquismo preocupante. Depois da morte do fundador e principal líder da Sociedade, em 1886, um grupo de homens estreitamente associado ao governo conservador tomou o seu controle e tentou impor celebrações convenientes e disciplinadas.

  13. 7 CFR 1484.20 - How can my organization apply to the Cooperator program?

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-01-01

    ... that it is accepting applications for participation in the Cooperator program for a specified marketing... performance of competing suppliers, expected changes in demand, etc.; (ii) The long-term strategy that will be...

  14. CTBTO international cooperation workshop

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    1999-01-01

    The International Cooperation Workshop took place in Vienna, Austria, on 16 and 17 November 1998, with the participation of 104 policy/decision makers, Research and Development managers and diplomatic representatives from 58 States Signatories to the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test Ban Treaty (CTBT). The Workshop attempted to develop Treaty stipulations to: promote cooperation to facilitate and participate in the fullest possible exchange relating to technologies used in the verification of the Treaty; enable member states to strengthen national implementation of verification measures, and to benefit from the application of such technologies for peaceful purposes. The potential benefits arising from the CTBT monitoring, analysis and data communication systems are multifaceted, and as yet unknown. This Workshop provided the opportunity to examine some of these possibilities. An overview of the CTBT verification regime on the general aspects of the four monitoring technologies (seismic, hydro-acoustic, infrasound and radionuclides), including some of the elements that are the subject of international cooperation, were presented and discussed. Questions were raised on the potential benefits that can be derived by participating in the CTBT regime and broad-based discussions took place. Several concrete proposals on ways and means to facilitate and promote cooperation among States Signatories were suggested. The main points discussed by the participants can be summarized as follows: the purpose of the CTBT Organization is to assist member states to monitor Treaty compliance; the CTBT can be a highly effective technological tool which can generate wide-ranging data, which can be used for peaceful purposes; there are differences in the levels of technology development in the member states that is why peaceful applications should be supported by the Prep Com for the benefit of all member states, whether developed or developing, training being a key element to optimize the CTBT

  15. Learning from the experiences of others: four forest landowner cooperatives share their stories

    Science.gov (United States)

    Pamela Jakes

    2006-01-01

    For a community or group investigating the appropriateness of a cooperative as a means for organizing local landowners to accomplish forest management or marketing objectives, it is useful to hear about the experiences of other communities or cooperatives. For the conference, we put together a series of video case studies, summarizing the stories of four forest...

  16. Discapacidad y sociedad democrática

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Mario Andrés Ospina Ramírez

    2010-07-01

    Full Text Available La eficacia de los derechos y libertades de las personas con discapacidad son pretensiones morales perfectamente compatibles con los anhelos de una sociedad pluralista y democrática. La inclusión de la No-discriminación como elemento de transversalidad dentro de las políticas públicas del Estado pone de relieve la existencia de una aceptación generalizada por parte de la comunidad de la situación de marginalidad a la que han sido sometidos tradicionalmente este colectivo de personas. De ahí la importancia de adoptar medidas de acción afirmativa a fin de promover el disfrute efectivo de los derechos fundamentales. Y es que el tema de la discapacidad no siempre ha hecho parte del discurso de los derechos humanos. Esto explica el por qué en diferentes contextos históricos el uso de métodos y procedimientos degradantes e inhumanos para el tratamiento de la discapacidad no sólo se constituía –y se constituye aún– en una práctica habitual sino que además es un hecho que con el tiempo alcanza a adquirir plena legitimidad. En el mejor de los casos a la personas con discapacidad se les considera “enfermos” y su proyecto de vida sólo tiene sentido en la medida que logren salir de esa situación “de anormalidad”. Incluso hoy en día persiste la idea de que la discapacidad es una cuestión que se circunscribe exclusivamente en el ámbito de la medicina y de la seguridad social (modelo médico-rehabilitador. Sin embargo, en los últimos años ha venido tomando fuerza una nueva forma de abordar esta cuestión y que supone un cambio de paradigma a propósito del esquema tradicional de la discapacidad. A partir de este nuevo enfoque (modelo social de la discapacidad, se concibe que la limitación infundada del ejercicio de los derechos de las personas que poseen alguna deficiencia no se produce por circunstancias “invalidantes” individuales sino que procede de la construcción unidireccional y excluyente de la sociedad. En suma

  17. Discapacidad y sociedad democrática

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Mario Andrés Ospina Ramírez

    2010-06-01

    Full Text Available La eficacia de los derechos y libertades de las personas con discapacidad son pretensiones morales perfectamente compatibles con los anhelos de una sociedad pluralista y democrática. La inclusión de la No-discriminación como elemento de transversalidad dentro de las políticas públicas del Estado pone de relieve la existencia de una aceptación generalizada por parte de la comunidad de la situación de marginalidad a la que han sido sometidos tradicionalmente este colectivo de personas. De ahí la importancia de adoptar medidas de acción afirmativa a fin de promover el disfrute efectivo de los derechos fundamentales. Y es que el tema de la discapacidad no siempre ha hecho parte del discurso de los derechos humanos. Esto explica el por qué en diferentes contextos históricos el uso de métodos y procedimientos degradantes e inhumanos para el tratamiento de la discapacidad no sólo se constituía –y se constituye aún– en una práctica habitual sino que además es un hecho que con el tiempo alcanza a adquirir plena legitimidad. En el mejor de los casos a la personas con discapacidad se les considera “enfermos” y su proyecto de vida sólo tiene sentido en la medida que logren salir de esa situación “de anormalidad”. Incluso hoy en día persiste la idea de que la discapacidad es una cuestión que se circunscribe exclusivamente en el ámbito de la medicina y de la seguridad social (modelo médico-rehabilitador. Sin embargo, en los últimos años ha venido tomando fuerza una nueva forma de abordar esta cuestión y que supone un cambio de paradigma a propósito del esquema tradicional de la discapacidad. A partir de este nuevo enfoque (modelo social de la discapacidad, se concibe que la limitación infundada del ejercicio de los derechos de las personas que poseen alguna deficiencia no se produce por circunstancias “invalidantes” individuales sino que procede de la construcción unidireccional y excluyente de la sociedad. En suma

  18. IMPACTO DE LAS CATÁSTROFES NATURALES EN SOCIEDADES COLONIALES

    OpenAIRE

    Margarita Gascón

    2005-01-01

    En este trabajo resaltamos la relación entre la dinámica de una sociedad y los cambios operados por catástrofes masivas, tanto en lo material como en la economía, la política y las ideas y valores religiosos. Examinamos casos coloniales, como la erupción del volcán Villarrica (1640) en el sur de Chile y otros terremotos destructivos del siglo XVII. Adoptaremos una perspectiva comparativa para mostrar cómo las catástrofes modifican las condiciones locales y provocan cambios en la vida de las s...

  19. A sociedade e a influência do e-commerce

    OpenAIRE

    Cruz, Cleide Ane Barbosa; FACULDADE JOSÉ AUGUSTO VIEIRA; Silva, Lângesson Lopes; PROFESSOR DA FACULDADE JOSÉ AUGUSTO VIEIRA

    2012-01-01

    O presente artigo caracteriza-se por um estudo bibliográfico e de campo que visa levantar informações sobre a influência do comércio eletrônico sobre a sociedade, destacando a importância do mesmo hoje. Pretende-se, também, tratar das vantagens e desvantagens que o e-commerce possui e os seus principais conceitos. Os resultados da análise indicam que algumas pessoas ainda não confiam na compra via internet. Através deste trabalho pode se notar que atualmente o comércio online necessita de uma...

  20. A influência da cultura Otaku na sociedade ocidental

    OpenAIRE

    Barros, Carlos

    2016-01-01

    Com este artigo pretende-se contar a história e o impacto da cultura otaku (cultura pop japonesa) na sociedade ocidental, com principal ênfase nas relações Japão-Estados Unidos da América e ainda com uma pequena ênfase no efeito desta subcultura em Portugal. Durante o artigo abordar-se-ão temas históricos e actuais sobre o que levou ao desenvolvimento desta subcultura, como a história Japonesa, o desenvolvimento pós-guerra do Japão, a influência americana no anime japonês e posterior influênc...

  1. AGRICULTURE AND AGRICULTURAL COOPERATIVES IN JAPAN - A MODEL FOR COOPERATIVIZATION OF AGRICULTURE FROM ROMANIA

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Remus Gherman

    2016-10-01

    Full Text Available Japan's agriculture provides only a part from the population's needs, in caloric terms Japan must impute 60% of foods. Arable land are few, but are worked very performant, rice being the main crop together with cotton, citrus, sugarcane, wheat, potato, soybean, sugar beet, other vegetables. Widely is practiced sericulture and fisheries, Japan being one of the leading producers of silk from the world and having over 600 ports specialized for fishing. Japanese agriculture has remained behind the industry and services, this trend being manifested after the very high economic growth from 1960-1970. The main focus of the movements from the Japanese cooperative system is represented by the creation of large specialized farms through the replacing of the traditional ones. The most important task of agricultural cooperatives from Japan is meeting the consumption needs of its members. Integrated leadership of Japanese cooperatives of farmers act at all levels, primary, at prefecture level and at national level. Contractual relationships play a decisive role in the integration of Japanese farmers. In Japan there are about 840 agricultural cooperatives very well organized with a balanced planning and efficiently conducted, agricultural cooperative MIKABI being the most developed, mainly focused on the production of mandarins. In Japan there are three large distribution centers of agricultural products, 29 distribution markets controlled by the prefecture and 1,000 local markets. Organization of cooperatives is the pyramid system on three levels: local, prefecture and national (National Federation of Agricultural Cooperatives.

  2. Basic contradiction of the international production cooperation

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Rinas V. Kashbraziyev

    2015-12-01

    Full Text Available Objective to analyze the contradictions of international industrial cooperation as a driving force for its development. Methods identification and analysis of contradictions in international cooperation were carried out using systematic approach based on general scientific methods of theoretical and empirical research analysis synthesis scientific observation measurement and comparison. On the basis of generalization and analysis of the information contained in the statistical system of the Organization for economic cooperation and development and the global competitiveness reports of the world economic forum the author presents assessment of the level of technological and knowledgeintensity of the economies of certain developed and developing transition countries investment efficiency in science and research their influence on the technological level of production and the degree of technological sovereignty of the mentioned countries. Results the study of the industrialized countriesrsquo experience has shown that the production of hightech products is impossible without integration into a global cooperative network of industrial companies and research institutes. However being included into the global production chains and attracting advanced technologies of production marketing and management the national companies inevitably fall into dependence on foreign import supply. An economic axiom is formulated modern hightech production requires a dramatic expansion of international production cooperation. The main ontological contradiction of international industrial cooperation is revealed characterized by the impact on the improvement of the technological level of production and innovativeness of the national economy on the one hand and simultaneous strengthening of its dependence on foreign partners on the other hand. Scientific novelty on the basis of systematic approach the article reveals contradictions in international cooperation in the

  3. Skinner e Feyerabend sobre o Método e o Papel da Ciência em uma Sociedade Livre

    OpenAIRE

    Rocha, César Antonio Alves da

    2017-01-01

    Resumo Da obra de B. F. Skinner fazem parte preocupações de ordem epistemológica, encerrando discussões sobre metodologia e critérios de verdade, e outras de ordem política e social, concernentes à relação entre ciência e sociedade. De um discurso, em alguns aspectos, coincidentes com uma forma de positivismo, Skinner passou a crítico de tendências puramente formalistas sobre o método científico, e de uma defesa do gerenciamento da sociedade por especialistas, passou a uma crítica à centraliz...

  4. Crianças na contemporaneidade: entre as demandas da vida escolar e da sociedade tecnológica

    OpenAIRE

    Lucia R. de Castro; Luana Timbó Martins

    2011-01-01

    En este artículo se discuten las posibles tensiones entre el modo de organización escolar para dar cuenta de su tarea de transmisión cultural y las crecientes demandas de la sociedad tecnológica, tales como los requisitos de ser competente con las nuevas tecnologías de información. En la presente organización escolar la presentación del mundo se hace de una forma distinta de aquella en que se basan las innovaciones tecnológicas de la sociedad de consumo contemporánea. Esas dos formas de prese...

  5. Análisis de los efectos de los blogs en la sociedad de la información

    OpenAIRE

    Gil de Zúñiga, Homero; Rojas, Hernando

    2010-01-01

    Recientemente, hemos experimentado una proliferación en la red de cuadernos o bitácoras, generalmente conocidos como blogs. A su vez, una expansión en el número de investigaciones en torno a estos nuevos medios de comunicación y deliberación, pone de relieve la importancia de los blogs en la Sociedad de la Información. Este estudio analiza empíricamente la influencia de los blogs en la sociedad, centrándonos en dos pilares básicos de la democracia, a saber: 1. el periodismo y 2. la participac...

  6. Structure of NCI Cooperative Groups Program Prior to NCTN

    Science.gov (United States)

    Learn how the National Cancer Institute’s Cooperative Groups Program was structured prior to its being replaced by NCI’s National Clinical Trials Network (NCTN). The NCTN gives funds and other support to cancer research organizations to conduct cancer clinical trials.

  7. La Sociedad de la Información. Análisis y retos actuales

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Javier Olivera Betrán

    2007-03-01

    Full Text Available Actualmente estamos en el inicio de una era impredecible que algunos llaman Sociedad de la Información. Este modelo sociocultural se caracteriza por compartir la información que otros generan. La famosa predicción de los años sesenta, en la que se denominó al mundo como una aldea global, es hoy una realidad gracias a los medios de comunicación social que hacen posible la gigantesca eliminación de distancias y tiempo, haciendo la comunicación inmediata y convirtiendo al planeta en una inmensa red de comunicaciones inmediatas. El ciudadano de hoy, a tenor de los recursos y medios tecnológicos de que dispone para obtener y utilizar la información de los demás, se le denomina ciudadano digital y parece ser que será el modelo del primer tercio de esta centuria. Sin embargo, no todos los ciudadanos de este mundo son ciudadanos digitales. A pesar de la globalización, actualmente siguen existiendo grandes desigualdades sociales, educativas y económicas, por lo que no existen las mismas oportunidades ni mentalidades en el acceso a la información que la popularización y masificación de la Tecnología de la Información y Comunicación (TIC proporcionan. En cualquier caso, según un estudio sobre La Sociedad de la Información en España 2004, elaborado por la empresa multinacional Telefónica, un ciudadano digital forma parte de la Sociedad de la Información si es capaz de realizar las siguientes funciones:

  8. The Relationship Between Core Members' Social Capital and Perceived and Externally Evaluated Prestige and Cooperation Among HIV/AIDS-Related Civil Society Organizations in China.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Wang, Danni; Xu, Xiaoru; Mei, Guangliang; Ma, Ying; Chen, Ren; Qin, Xia; Hu, Zhi

    2017-03-01

    The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the core members' social capital was associated with individually perceived and externally evaluated prestige and cooperation among the HIV/AIDS-related civil society organizations (CSOs). To accomplish this, a cross-sectional study using multistage sampling was carried out in eight provinces of China. Data were collected from the 327 core members via questionnaires and self-evaluated performance of the respondents were evaluated and measured. The interviews were conducted with all core members and the supervisory staff of the local Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that social support (adjusted odds ratio [a OR] = 1.87) and organizational commitment (a OR = 1.57) were significantly associated with a higher odds of prestige performance in self-evaluation. Furthermore, social support (a OR = 1.65), trust (a OR = 1.33), and organizational commitment (a OR = 1.52) were significantly correlated with cooperation performance. Trust was positively associated with the cooperation performance on external evaluation. These findings may provide a new perspective on challenges that the CSOs face in response to a growing HIV/AIDS epidemic in China. Social capital may increase performance and accelerate organizational growth, ultimately improving HIV/AIDS prevention and care.

  9. Sixteen Years of International Co-operation. The OECD/NEA Co-operative Programme on Decommissioning

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Menon, S.; Valencia, L.

    2002-01-01

    The Co-operative Programme on Decommissioning under the administration of the Radioactive Waste Management Committee of the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) has recently completed sixteen years of operation. The Programme, which is essentially an information exchange programme between decommissioning projects, came into being in 1985. It has grown from an initial 10 decommissioning projects from 7 countries to 39 projects from 14 countries today. From purely information exchange to start with, the Programme has, in later years, been functioning as a voice for the collective expression of views of the implementers of nuclear decommissioning. During the first sixteen years of the operation of the Co-operative Programme, nuclear decommissioning has grown from local specialist activities within projects to a competitive commercial industry. By the dismantling and release from regulatory control of over a dozen diverse nuclear facilities, the Programme has been able to demonstrate in practice, that nuclear decommissioning can be performed safely both for the workers and the public, and that this can be done at reasonable costs in an environmentally friendly fashion. During the recent years, discussions and work within the Co-operative Programme, specially within some of the Task Groups, have had/are having effects and repercussions not just in the field of nuclear decommissioning, but can possibly affect activities and regulations in other industries. This paper describes how the Programme and its activities and procedures have evolved over the years and indicate the directions of developments in the organization and execution of decommissioning projects. Finally, it gives a brief overview of the achievements of the Cooperative Programme and visualizes future developments in the field of nuclear decommissioning

  10. Cooperation between regional fire brigades and EDF's power plants

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Gaudin, B.; Pigeon, M.

    2000-01-01

    An emergency plan has been worked out at each nuclear power plant. This plan involves public authorities, regional fire brigades, hospitals, and EDF's own emergency means. This organization implies that in case of emergency both outside help and intern means have to cooperate efficiently on the site. In order to clarify roles and order hierarchy, common intervention protocols have been written and tested. Joint exercises involving outside help and intern means are regularly organized to test the emergency organization and train the staff. (A.C.)

  11. International cooperation

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Prieto, F.E.

    1984-01-01

    It looks doubtless that the need for an international cooperation to solve the worldwide energy problems is already a concern of individuals, institutions, and governments. This is an improvement. But there is something lacking. The author refers to the Atoms for Peace speech, the origin of the IAEA and of the subsequent spreading of the nuclear option. He also refers back to the call made by the Mexican government for a worldwide energy cooperation. He stresses the need for governments to cooperate, so that this international cooperation on energy can be put into operation for the benefit of mankind

  12. The second Studsvik AB - JAEA meeting for cooperation in nuclear energy research and development

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Ishihara, Masahiro; Yanagihara, Satoshi; Karlsson, Mikael; Stenmark, Anders

    2010-03-01

    The second annual meeting was held at Studsvik AB in Sweden to exchange information on radioactive waste treatment technology including recycling of materials and technical developments for the neutron irradiation experiments in materials testing reactors. The information exchange meeting was held on the basis of the implemental agreement between the Studsvik AB and the Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA) for cooperation in nuclear energy research and development. The major items of the information exchange were the present status of waste treatment in both organizations including acceptance criteria of wastes in Studsvik facilities, experience and current status of RI production technology in both organizations as well as the sensor development. The future plan in cooperative program was also discussed. This report describes contents of the information exchange and discussions in two cooperation areas. (author)

  13. Cooperation for a competitive position: The impact of hospital cooperation behavior on organizational performance.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Büchner, Vera Antonia; Hinz, Vera; Schreyögg, Jonas

    2015-01-01

    Several public policy initiatives, particularly those involving managed care, aim to enhance cooperation between partners in the health care sector because it is expected that such cooperation will reduce costs and generate additional revenue. However, empirical evidence regarding the effects of cooperation on hospital performance is scarce, particularly with respect to creating a comprehensive measure of cooperation behavior. The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of hospital cooperation behavior on organizational performance. We differentiate between horizontal and vertical cooperation using two alternative measures-cooperation depth and cooperation breadth-and include the interaction effects between both cooperation directions. Data are derived from a survey of German hospitals and combined with objective performance information from annual financial statements. Generalized linear regression models are used. The study findings provide insight into the nature of hospitals' cooperation behavior. In particular, we show that there are negative synergies between horizontal administrative cooperation behavior and vertical cooperation behavior. Whereas the depth and breadth of horizontal administrative cooperation positively affect financial performance (when there is no vertical cooperation), vertical cooperation positively affects financial performance (when there is no horizontal administrative cooperation) only when cooperation is broad (rather than deep). Horizontal cooperation is generally more effective than vertical cooperation at improving financial performance. Hospital managers should consider the negative interaction effect when making decisions about whether to recommend a cooperative relationship in a horizontal or vertical direction. In addition, managers should be aware of the limited financial benefit of cooperation behavior.

  14. The Physics of Plutonium Fuels - A Review of Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development/Nuclear Energy Agency Activities

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Hesketh, Kevin; Delpech, Marc; Sartori, Enrico

    2000-01-01

    In 1993, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development/Nuclear Energy Agency first convened the Working Group on the Physics of Plutonium Recycle (WPPR) (now renamed the Working Party on the Physics of Plutonium Fuels and Innovative Fuel Cycles). Since its inception, the WPPR (whose task has now been expanded to include innovative fuel cycles) has published six volumes of detailed results from analyses of plutonium fuel in pressurized water reactors and fast reactors. A seventh volume on the physics of plutonium fuel in boiling water reactors is in preparation. The analyses have been mostly in the form of theoretical benchmark exercises for situations beyond current experience, for which multinational contributions provide a basis for comparison of diverse calculational methods and nuclear data libraries. The overall activities of the WPPR are reviewed and summarized

  15. La influencia de la sociedad del conocimiento en la modernización de la Administración Pública

    OpenAIRE

    Martínez Usero, José Ángel; Lara Navarra, Pablo; Beltrán Orenes, María Pilar

    2006-01-01

    Se analizan los principales factores que influyen en la modernización de la Administración Pública. La nueva sociedad y economía basada en el conocimiento ha afectado de forma primordial a las organizaciones públicas, que son auténticas organizaciones intensivas en información. Las organizaciones públicas han adaptado su gestión para satisfacer los nuevos requisitos impuestos por la sociedad y la tecnología: una gestión transparente, la automatización de los procesos internos, la introducció...

  16. La mujer rosarista en la sociedad colombiana y su conexión con los derechos de la mujer

    OpenAIRE

    Navarrete-Frías, Ana-María

    2004-01-01

    El ingreso de la mujer a la educación superior fue un gran logro para la sociedad colombiana, pues constituyó un primer paso para borrar todas las marcas de discriminación, exclusión y segregación. Modelo de ello son las primeras mujeres que ingresaron a la Universidad del Rosario, quienes abrieron campo a otras colombianas con ansias de ser profesionales y dedicarse a labores distintas a las del hogar. La mujer rosarista en la sociedad colombiana es un libro que busca mostrar al lector l...

  17. From scorecard to social learning: a reflective coassessment approach for promoting multiagency cooperation in natural resource management

    CSIR Research Space (South Africa)

    Roux, DJ

    2011-01-01

    Full Text Available resource management are usually confined to single organizations. This paper describes a social learning approach which acknowledges cooperation as an essential precondition for effective management and that encourages reflective coassessment of cooperative...

  18. On Cooperative Behavior in Distributed Teams: The Influence of Organizational Design, Media Richness, Social Interaction, and Interaction Adaptation.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Håkonsson, Dorthe D; Obel, Børge; Eskildsen, Jacob K; Burton, Richard M

    2016-01-01

    Self-interest vs. cooperation is a fundamental dilemma in animal behavior as well as in human and organizational behavior. In organizations, how to get people to cooperate despite or in conjunction with their self-interest is fundamental to the achievement of a common goal. While both organizational designs and social interactions have been found to further cooperation in organizations, some of the literature has received contradictory support, just as very little research, if any, has examined their joint effects in distributed organizations, where communication is usually achieved via different communication media. This paper reviews the extant literature and offers a set of hypotheses to integrate current theories and explanations. Further, it discusses how future research should examine the joint effects of media, incentives, and social interactions.

  19. El papel del Estado en la configuración de la realidad actual de las sociedades pesqueras en México

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Aura Ramírez

    2016-06-01

    Full Text Available Este trabajo ofrece un panorama general sobre las sociedades pesqueras que históricamente se han desarrollado en el territorio mexicano, y enfatiza en el papel desempeñado por el Estado en la configuración de las mismas a partir de la década de 1940, vinculándolo con los retos y desafíos que dichas sociedades enfrentan hoy día.

  20. TIEMPO, TRABAJO E CORPORACIÓN EN LAS SOCIEDADES CAPITALISTAS AVANZADAS: UNA LECTURA DESDE LA FILOSOFÍA POLÍTICA DE HEGEL

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Eduardo Maura Zorita

    2015-07-01

    Full Text Available En este artículo se trata de explicitar, a partir de la clásicaproblemática de la relación entre Estado y sociedad civil y deldiagnóstico sobre el problema que Hegel ofrece en las Grundliniender Philosophie des Rechts de 1820/21, algunos desarrollos de lateoría crítica de la sociedad (Lukács, Adorno, Pollock, Benjamin yPostone.

Some links on this page may take you to non-federal websites. Their policies may differ from this site.