Multi-Robot Motion Planning: A Timed Automata Approach

OpenAIRE

Quottrup, Michael Melholt; Bak, Thomas; Izadi-Zamanabadi, Roozbeh

2004-01-01

This paper describes how a network of interacting timed automata can be used to model, analyze, and verify motion planning problems in a scenario with multiple robotic vehicles. The method presupposes an infra-structure of robots with feed-back controllers obeying simple restriction on a planar grid. The automata formalism merely presents a high-level model of environment, robots and control, but allows composition and formal symbolic reasoning about coordinated solutions. Composition is achi...

Accounting and social conflict: Profit and regulated working time in the British Industrial Revolution

OpenAIRE

Toms, S; Shepherd, A

2017-01-01

We demonstrate that social movements can use accounting for progressive purposes, and that such outcomes can be promoted where they are aligned with the material interests of key fractions of capital. Such fractionalization is a function of technology and labour process, underpinned by adopted ideology. Alignment with social movement objectives overcomes the class belongingness of accounting that limits its progressive role in normal circumstances. We illustrate the role of accounting in achi...

La Turbo-Egalisation pour les transmission numériques à grande efficacité spectrale sur les canaux sélectifs en fréquence

OpenAIRE

Le Bidan , Raphaël

2003-01-01

This thesis deals with the problem of combining equalization with decoding for high data rate bandwidth-efficient transmissions over frequency-selective channels. Specifically, we focus on Turbo-Equalization which establishes an exchange of soft information between the equalizer and the decoder in an iterative manner. We first consider MAP turbo-equalizers which rely on trellis-based equalizers optimum in the sense of minimizing the symbol error probability. We show that these receivers achie...

In-situ, real time micro-CT imaging of pore scale processes, the next frontier for laboratory based micro-CT scanning

OpenAIRE

Boone, Marijn; Bultreys, Tom; Masschaele, Bert; Van Loo, Denis; Van Hoorebeke, Luc; Cnudde, Veerle

2016-01-01

Over the past decade, laboratory based X-ray computed micro-tomography (micro-CT) has given unique insights in the internal structure of complex reservoir rocks, improving the understanding of pore scale processes and providing crucial information for pore scale modelling. Especially in-situ imaging using X-ray optimized Hassler type cells has enabled the direct visualization of fluid distributions at the pore scale under reservoir conditions. While sub-micrometre spatial resolutions are achi...

Causes of Low-Skilled Workers’ Performance in Construction Projects

OpenAIRE

Alhaji Ali Zannah; Aryani Ahmad Latiffi; Abdulazeez Umar Raji; Abdullahi Abba Waziri; Usman Mohammed 4

2017-01-01

Skilled workers’ performance is one of the crucial aspects of labour productivity that requires proper attention for effective projects delivery in the construction industry. The level of skilled workers’ low performance has been seen to be a major factor which contributes toward inefficient construction projects productivity. Therefore, the objective of this research is to identify the causes of low-skilled workers’ performance in construction projects in the Nigeria. The objective was achie...

[On the notes of the Xinkan Huangdimingtangjiujing (see text for symbol) in the possession of the National Diet Library].

Science.gov (United States)

Amano, Yosuke

2014-12-01

This paper analyzes the notes of Xinkan huangdimingtangjiujing which are in the possession of the National Diet Library, particularly referring to those notes which include "master said", or "master's theory". Some of those are found in the answers from Manase Dosan (see text for symbol) to Hata Soha (see text for symbol) collected in the Kotei meido kyukyo hushin shosho (see text for symbol) which is the record of the question and answer letters between Manase Dosan and Hata Soha. This research indicates that this volume has a close relation to the acupuncture research of Dosan's or Soha's school. And it indicates that the "master" in the Notes of Xinkan huangdimingtangjiujing refers to Dosan. Acupuncture research has been flourishing since the Edo era and has compiled a lot of volumes on acupuncture. This volume contains some pioneering pieces of this research done in the Azuchi Momoyama era by Dosan and Soha, and is a precious material, showing that some of the state of affairs of the research done in that age still remains today.

Balancing Work Responsibilities and Family Needs: The Federal Civil Service Response

Science.gov (United States)

1991-11-01

flexibility. This need not within the Federal Government. be the only alternative. Creative options are needed to achie%e and protect the rights...liLe a pr7nsonel en"’laved hi/ a telecommuting , and teleworking all refer to 1-g1 cheddhl. Imii e yoil ow n IOME. " paid employment away from the...traditional The Wall Street Journal office. Telecommuting and teleworking imply use of With the above quote, the Wall Street Journal high-tech

Positive Psychology: Positive Emotions and Emotional Intelegence

OpenAIRE

Miloseva, Lence

2008-01-01

The paper focuses on the and emotional intelligence. We try to answer on some questions regarding the role which positive emotions have in our life’s. The broaden-and-build theory (Fredrickson, 1998; 2001) predicts that positive emotions are useful in several ways. They guide present behavior, by broadening one’s attention and cognition, setting the stage for creative, explorative, and innovative pursuits. As well, positive emotions build personal and social resources to help individuals achi...

Kickstart VR at Warwick taster sessions

OpenAIRE

Allen, Catherine; O'Toole, R. B. (Robert Bernard)

2017-01-01

An initial report on VR-enhanced seminars with staff and students. Held over 2 days in May 2017, these workshops provided a diverse group of staff and students at the University of Warwick with a valuable opportunity to experience and think about virtual reality. The VR phenomenon is at the top of its hype cycle (again), with significant breakthroughs having been made in technology and in the design of VR content. However, not many people in higher education have experienced what can be achie...

Goal directed worry rules are associated with distinct patterns of amygdala functional connectivity and vagal modulation during perseverative cognition

OpenAIRE

Meeten, Frances; Davey, Graham C L; Makovac, Elena; Watson, David R.; Garfinkel, Sarah N.; Critchley, Hugo D.; Ottaviani, Cristina

2016-01-01

Excessive and uncontrollable worry is a defining feature of Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD). An important endeavor in the treatment of pathological worry is to understand why some people are unable to stop worrying once they have started. Worry perseveration is associated with a tendency to deploy goal-directed worry rules (known as “as many as can” worry rules; AMA). These require attention to the goal of the worry task and continuation of worry until the aims of the “worry bout” are achi...

The Plagiarism in the Theses of English Education Students at Kabupaten Bone

OpenAIRE

Rizkariani Sulaiman

2015-01-01

The topic of this study is “Plagiarism in the Theses of English Education Students: Forms and Causes. In this study, the researcher limits the discussion by the following research questions: “what are the forms of students’ plagiarism in theses? and what are the causes that make students engage in the plagiarism?”. The objective of the study is specifically to know the forms of students’ plagiarism in theses; and to know the causes that make students engage in the plagiarism. In order to achi...

Experimental Comparison Of Working Fluids For Organic Rankine Cycle With Single-Screw Expander

OpenAIRE

Gusev, Sergei; Ziviani, Davide; Bell, Ian; De Paepe, Michel; van den Broek, Martijn

2014-01-01

This paper describes the behavior of an Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) fed by a heat source with adaptable temperature and mass flow. For a suitable choice of working fluid, the setting of its evaporation pressure is crucial for the performance of an ORC installation. The higher the evaporation pressure, the higher the cycle efficiency on the one hand, but the lower the energy recovered from the heat source due to a higher outlet temperature on the other hand. An optimum has to be found to achie...

Znaky populární literatury v románu Gastona Lerouxe Záhada žlutého pokoje

OpenAIRE

Langová, Dana

2013-01-01

TITLE OF THESIS: The characteristics of the popular literature in the novel The mystery of the yellow room by Gaston Leroux SUPERVISOR: Dr. PhDr. Renáta Listíková, MCF AUTHOR: Dana Langová DEPARTMENT: Department of French Language and Literature ABSTRACT: The aim of this bachelor's thesis "The characteristics of the popular literature in the novel The Mystery of the Yellow Room by Gaston Leroux" is to demonstrate why the popular literature is so popular among a broad audience and how it achie...

Discovery of melanocortin ligands via a double simultaneous substitution strategy based on the Ac-His-DPhe-Arg-Trp-NH2 template.

Science.gov (United States)

Todorovic, Aleksandar; Lensing, Cody J; Holder, Jerry Ryan; Scott, Joseph W; Sorensen, Nicholas B; Haskell-Luevano, Carrie

2018-05-21

The melanocortin system regulates an array of diverse physiological functions including pigmentation, feeding behavior, energy homeostasis, cardiovascular regulation, sexual function, and steroidogenesis. Endogenous melanocortin agonist ligands all possess the minimal messaging tetrapeptide sequence His-Phe-Arg-Trp. Based on this endogenous sequence, the Ac-His1-DPhe2-Arg3-Trp4-NH 2 tetrapeptide has previously been shown to be a useful scaffold when utilizing traditional positional scanning approaches to modify activity at the various melanocortin receptors (MC1-5R). The study reported herein was undertaken to evaluate a double simultaneous substitution strategy as an approach to further diversify the Ac-His1-DPhe2-Arg3-Trp4-NH 2 tetrapeptide with concurrent introduction of natural and unnatural amino acids at positions 1, 2, or 4 as well as an octanoyl residue at the N-terminus. The designed library includes the following combinations: (A) double simultaneous substitution at capping group position (Ac) together with position 1, 2, or 4, (B) double simultaneous substitution at position 1 and 2, (C) double simultaneous substitution at position 1 and 4, and (D) double simultaneous substitution at position 2 and 4. Several lead ligands with unique pharmacologies were discovered in the current study including antagonists targeting the neuronal mMC3R with minimal agonist activity and ligands with selective profiles for the various melanocortin subtypes. The results suggest that the double simultaneous substitution strategy is a suitable approach in altering melanocortin receptor potency, selectivity, or converting agonists into antagonists and vice versa.

Chemical Bath Deposition and Characterization of CdS layer for CZTS Thin Film Solar Cell

OpenAIRE

Kamal, Tasnim; Parvez, Sheikh; Matin, Rummana; Bashar, Mohammad Shahriar; Hossain, Tasnia; Sarwar, Hasan; Rashid, Mohammad Junaebur

2016-01-01

CZTS is a new type of an absorber and abundant materials for thin film solar cells (TFSC). Cadmium sulfide (CdS) is the n-type buffer layer of it with band gap of 2.42 eV. Cadmium sulfide (CdS) buffer layer of CZTS solar cell was deposited on soda-lime glass substrates by the Chemical Bath Deposition(CBD) method, using anhydrous Cadmium chloride(CdCl_2) and Thiourea (CS(NH_2)_2). Deposition of CdS using CBD is based on the slow release of Cd^ ions and S^ ions in an alkaline bath which is achi...

nijotech vol. 8. no. 1 september 1984 achi 41 the design of a manual

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Dr Obe

1984-09-01

Sep 1, 1984 ... drives. This design enables the manual selection of the axis to be driven and the axis displacement after which motion on the axis is automatically halted. Using this design a machine resolution. (accuracy) of 0.00254mm (0.0001 in) was achieved on the machine tool used in this investigation. NOTATION.

nijotech vol. 8. no. 1 september 1984 achi 41 the design of a manual

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Dr Obe

1984-09-01

Sep 1, 1984 ... indexing or positioning machine depends on the accurate knowledge of the machines ... R = external resistance connected to the motor ... process of negotiations for the acquisition of ... direction would be the acquisition.

Determination of the radon Concentration in underground water in selected areas in and around Kumasi

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Owusu, Seth Adjei

2012-06-01

Radon (Rn-222) is a radioactive noble gas of natural origin that may be found anywhere in soil, air and different types of water: surface, borehole, well and spring. It is worth to carry out surveys for the radon in water for radiation protection as well as for geological considerations. The research presenters here was carried out in selected towns in and around Kumasi for the determination of radon concentration in groundwater. The major towns from which samples were taken are , Mowire, Kronum, Aburaso, Medoma, Kenyase, Buokrom, Bomfa, Ayeduase, Kotei, Tikrom. All the samples are used for domestic purposes such as cooking, drinking, bathing and washing. Waters from boreholes and wells in the selected towns were sampled and the radon concentration level measured. The Roll’s method was used for the radon concentration analysis on all the 100 samples. The results shows that, the minimum radon concentration in groundwater was 13015.934 Bq/m3 and it was found at Bomfa, and the highest was found to be 964628.480 Bq/m3, recorded at Mowire. It is believed that this variation of levels is mainly due to the difference in rock type, soil type and geology of the area as well as the depth of the water samples. This information can be used to estimate the possible health hazards from radon in the selected towns in the future from environmental point of view. The data would promote public awareness related to risk of radon exposure. (au)

Biological fixation of carbon dioxide. Seibutsu ni yoru nisanka tanso no kotei

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Someya, J [Fermentaion Research Institute, Tsukuba (Japan)

1991-10-20

Bulks of photosynthetic product to reduce the carbon dioxide by the light energy are forests, represented by the tropical rain forests, on the land, and marine algae and coral reefs in the ocean. For the purpose of effectively utilizing the fixation power of carbon dioxide through the photosynthesis by higher plants and algae, it is necessary to make many further researches, starting with a conditional selection of species, excellent in both absorption and fixation of carbon dioxide. The Japan Technology Transfer Association has recently issued a design to build a large scale closed type farm in the vicinity of factory, exhausting the carbon dioxide, and supply it to structure a system of producing vegetable and other food. What largely contributes to the calcification in the ocean is the coral reefs, where coral is symbiotic with brown algae., called dinoflagellatae. Those algae are judged to accelerate the formation of calcium carbonate by the photosynthesis. To estimate the absorption power of oceanic carbon dioxide, it is important to quantitatively know the calcification by the coral. 4 figs., 1 tab.

Entrevista a un empresario invitado: Chaid Neme Achi. El visionario emprendedor. Por: Fernando Hernández Quijano.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Chaid Neme Achi

2013-11-01

Full Text Available Chaid Neme es un hombre de empresa y un visionario. Calificado como el pionero de la industria de autopartes, fundó con su hermano, Hares Neme, la organización Neme Hermanos, grupo empresarial reconocido por la calidad y desarrollo tecnológico de sus empresas y productos y en especial, por el equipo humano que lo lidera.

CO2 fixation by coral reefs. Sangosho ni yoru nisanka tanso no kotei

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kayane, H [Geological Survey of Japan, Tsukuba (Japan)

1993-05-01

In order for a coral reef to be a CO2 absorbing source, a condition would have to be satisfied that, with respect to production of organic carbon through photosynthesis, a total production by coral reef organism association is large, and the ratio of the total production to a total consumption is more than one. A requirement that the ratio of inorganic carbon production through calcification be 1.5 or more must also be met. Measurements have been carried out at coral fields off the Ishigaki Island by the Geological Research Center. The measurement results revealed that production is high for both of organic carbon and inorganic carbon, surplus organic carbon is produced, and CO2 is absorbed into the coral reefs. It was also found by measuring the stable isotope ratio of nitrogen in coral reef organisms that nitrogen required for the production in the coral reefs is supplied from the atmosphere through nitrogen fixation. The paper adds a description that CaCO3 deposition in the coral reefs has peaked in 5000 years to 6000 years ago, and it is in a ceiling-hit condition now. 25 refs., 3 figs.

Fixation of carbon dioxide by coral reef. Sangosho ni yoru CO2 no kotei

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Yamamuro, M [Geological Survey of Japan, Tsukuba, Ibaraki (Japan)

1993-08-01

The methods for fixation of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere in order to control the greenhouse effect, are groped. Carbon is fixed through two ways such as the production of organic compounds by photosynthesis and formation of calcium carbonate by calcification. Among them, the photosynthesis fixes carbon dioxide in the air, and calcification, on thinking of only chemical equilibrium in the sea water, is a process to exhaust carbon dioxide from ocean to the atmosphere. It is, therefore, uneven in opinions of researchers if the coral reef is an absorbing source or an exhausting one of carbon dioxide. A conventional discussion on this theme, did not carry out based on the actual search or measurement, but preceded on modelling. In order, therefore, to introduce a scientific decision on a play of the coral reef for the global carbon circulation, it seems to take more time. In this paper, an opinion that the coral reef is an absorbing source of carbon dioxide in the air according to some measuring results of carbon dioxide fixation velocity and organic compounds volume in sediments in the coral reefs, are described. 11 refs., 4 figs.

Coral reefs as fixers of CO2. Sangosho ni yoru nisanka tanso no kotei

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Yamamuro, M [Geological Survey of Japan, Tsukuba (Japan)

1992-07-25

This paper explains CO2 fixing mechanisms in coral reefs and technologies to construct coral reef eco-factories. A coral reef fists CO2 through two routes of photosynthesis and calcification, with both processes proceeding conjugately. Calcification is driven by the photosynthesis that proceeds at a rate more than ten times faster than the calcification. The Geological Survey of Japan is working on elucidating CO2 fixing mechanisms in coral reefs and studying coral reef eco-factory structuring technologies to utilize the capability of the mechanisms at a possible maximum extent. This study is directed to optimizing site conditions for coral reefs, optimal arrangements and environmental conditions for clusters, and production process determining factors. The structuring technologies may include controlling water temperatures, water flows, nutritious salts, and suspended substances that match optimal CO2 fixing conditions in coral reefs; seeding technologies for coral reef organisms; aquaculture techniques utilizing fixed CO2; combination with cultivating techniques; and combination with new energy technologies including sea water temperature difference power generation to control water flows and maintain facilities. 4 refs., 5 figs.

The mythical man-month essays on software engineering

CERN Document Server

Brooks, Frederick Phillips

1995-01-01

Few books on software project management have been as influential and timeless as The Mythical Man-Month. With a blend of software engineering facts and thought-provoking opinions, Fred Brooks offers insight for anyone managing complex projects. These essays draw from his experience as project manager for the IBM System/360 computer family and then for OS/360, its massive software system. Now, 20 years after the initial publication of his book, Brooks has revisited his original ideas and added new thoughts and advice, both for readers already familiar with his work and for readers discovering it for the first time. The added chapters contain (1) a crisp condensation of all the propositions asserted in the original book, including Brooks' central argument in The Mythical Man-Month: that large programming projects suffer management problems different from small ones due to the division of labor; that the conceptual integrity of the product is therefore critical; and that it is difficult but possible to achi...

PC data station for Hitachi F-2000 spectrofluorimeter

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Yakub Ali, Mohd; Dhoble, A.R.; Jadhav, R.T.; Godbole, S.V.

2004-01-01

The paper describes the PC based data station for stand-alone HIT ACHI F-2000 Spectrofluorimeter, for data acquisition, storage and analysis. The hardware link between the instrument and PC is made through RS232 serial port. The state of art software for control and data management is designed, developed and implemented in Visual Basic (Version 6). The software features on-screen editing of all operation parameters of the instrument and the operational control is achieved by Visual Basic command words communicated through serial port. Using this system, in addition to acquiring and storage of spectral data, it was possible to obtain the normalized absorption spectra of the samples. PC adapted Hitachi F-2000 Spectrofluorimeter can be successfully used for various operations such as photometric detection of UO22+ ions, recording of emission and excitation spectra and time evolution of fluorescence intensity on continuous UV irradiation. The data storage achieved through PC adaptation has also enabled recording of absorption spectra. (author)

Traffic measurement for big network data

CERN Document Server

Chen, Shigang; Xiao, Qingjun

2017-01-01

This book presents several compact and fast methods for online traffic measurement of big network data. It describes challenges of online traffic measurement, discusses the state of the field, and provides an overview of the potential solutions to major problems. The authors introduce the problem of per-flow size measurement for big network data and present a fast and scalable counter architecture, called Counter Tree, which leverages a two-dimensional counter sharing scheme to achieve far better memory efficiency and significantly extend estimation range. Unlike traditional approaches to cardinality estimation problems that allocate a separated data structure (called estimator) for each flow, this book takes a different design path by viewing all the flows together as a whole: each flow is allocated with a virtual estimator, and these virtual estimators share a common memory space. A framework of virtual estimators is designed to apply the idea of sharing to an array of cardinality estimation solutions, achi...

Dark Matter, Supersymmetry and the ATLAS Detector

CERN Document Server

Saxena, Sheetal

Masters Report Univer sity of Toronto Department of Physics August 21, 2008 A Study of Jet and Missing Transv erse Ener gy Reconstruction and Data Cleaning Techniques on ATLAS Calorimeter Cosmic Ray Data Travis Bain 995981834 Abstract Monte Carlo generated QCD jets, and jets reconstructed from cosmic ray data are analyzed and compared. This comparison allo ws some of the rst opportunities to run through a full study , from data collection, to reconstruction, to analysis, within ATLAS, using real events. The ability to handle data at every step of the way will be crucial in achie ving a ìsteady-stateî mode of operation in the coming months and years of ATLAS operation. The use of electromagnetic fractions as a data cleaning technique within the ATLAS calorimeter system is also studied and sho wn to be a rob ust tool in remo ving high ener gy cosmic ray events as a background from jet and E Miss T distrib utions

Realization of an X-Band RF System for LCLS

CERN Document Server

McIntosh, Peter; Brooks, William; Emma, Paul; Rago, Carl

2005-01-01

A single X-band (11.424 GHz) accelerating structure is to be incorporated in the LCLS Linac design to linearize the energy-time correlation (or gradient) across each bunch, features which originate in the preceding accelerating structures (L0 and L1). This harmonic RF system will operate near the negative RF crest to decelerate the beam, reducing these non-linear components of the correlation, providing a more efficient compression in the downstream bunch compressor chicanes (BC1 and BC2). These non-linear correlation components, if allowed to grow, would lead to Coherent Synchrotron Radiation (CSR) instabilities in the chicanes, effectively destroying the coherence of the photon radiation in the main LCLS undulator. The many years devoted at SLAC in the development of X-band RF components for the NLC/JLC linear collider project, has enabled the technical and financial realization of such an RF system for LCLS. This paper details the requirements for the X-band system and the proposed scheme planned for achie...

Product lifecycle management

CERN Document Server

Stark, John

2016-01-01

This third edition updates and adds to the successful second edition and gives the reader a thorough description of PLM, providing them with a full understanding of the theory and the practical skills to implement PLM within their own business environment. This new and expanded edition is fully updated to reflect the many technological and management advances made in PLM since the release of the second edition. Describing the environment in which products are developed, manufactured and supported, before addressing the Five Pillars of PLM: business processes, product data, PLM applications, Organisational Change Management (OCM) and Project Management, this book explains what Product Lifecycle Management is, and why it’s needed. The final part of the book addresses the PLM timeline, showing the typical steps and activities of a PLM project or initiative. “Product Lifecycle Management” will broaden the reader’s understanding of PLM, nurturing the skills needed to implement PLM successfully and to achi...

External-cavity high-power dual-wavelength tapered amplifier with tunable THz frequency difference

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Chi, Mingjun; Jensen, Ole Bjarlin; Petersen, Paul Michael

2012-01-01

A tunable 800 nm high-power dual-wavelength diode laser system with double-Littrow external-cavity feedback is demonstrated. The two wavelengths can be tuned individually, and the frequency difference of the two wavelengths is tunable from 0.5 to 5.0 THz. A maximum output power of 1.54 W is achie......A tunable 800 nm high-power dual-wavelength diode laser system with double-Littrow external-cavity feedback is demonstrated. The two wavelengths can be tuned individually, and the frequency difference of the two wavelengths is tunable from 0.5 to 5.0 THz. A maximum output power of 1.54 W...... is achieved with a frequency difference of 0.86 THz, the output power is higher than 1.3 W in the 5.0 THz range of frequency difference, and the amplified spontaneous emission intensity is more than 20 dB suppressed in the range of frequency difference. The beam quality factor M2 is 1.22±0.15 at an output...

Magnetism basics and applications

CERN Document Server

Stefanita, Carmen-Gabriela

2012-01-01

This textbook is aimed at engineering students who are likely to come across magnetics applications in their professional practice. Whether designing lithography equipment containing ferromagnetic brushes, or detecting defects in aeronautics, some basic knowledge of 21st century magnetism is needed. From the magnetic tape on the pocket credit card to the read head in a personal computer, people run into magnetism in many products. Furthermore, in a variety of disciplines tools of the trade exploit magnetic principles, and many interdisciplinary laboratory research areas cross paths with magnetic phenomena that may seem mysterious to the untrained mind. Therefore, this course offers a broad coverage of magnetism topics encountered more often in this millenium, revealing key concepts on which many practical applications rest. Some traditional subjects in magnetism are discussed in the first half of the book, followed by areas likely to spark the curiosity of those more interested in today’s technological achi...

Improvement of an X-ray imaging detector based on a scintillating guides screen

CERN Document Server

Badel, X; Linnros, J; Kleimann, P; Froejdh, C; Petersson, C S

2002-01-01

An X-ray imaging detector has been developed for dental applications. The principle of this detector is based on application of a silicon charge coupled device covered by a scintillating wave-guide screen. Previous studies of such a detector showed promising results concerning the spatial resolution but low performance in terms of signal to noise ratio (SNR) and sensitivity. Recent results confirm the wave-guiding properties of the matrix and show improvement of the detector in terms of response uniformity, sensitivity and SNR. The present study is focussed on the fabrication of the scintillating screen where the principal idea is to fill a matrix of Si pores with a CsI scintillator. The photoluminescence technique was used to prove the wave-guiding property of the matrix and to inspect the filling uniformity of the pores. The final detector was characterized by X-ray evaluation in terms of spatial resolution, light output and SNR. A sensor with a spatial resolution of 9 LP/mm and a SNR over 50 has been achie...

The effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of screening for latent tuberculosis among migrants in the EU/EEA

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Greenaway, Christina; Pareek, Manish; Chakra, Claire Nour Abou

2018-01-01

Background: Migrants account for a large and growing proportion of tuberculosis (TB) cases in lowincidence countries in the European Union/European Economic Area (EU/EEA) which are primarily due to reactivation of latent TB infection (LTBI). Addressing LTBI among migrants will be critical to achi...... by the large pool of migrants with LTBI, poorly predictive tests, long treatments and a weak care cascade. Targeted LTBI programmes that ensure high screening uptake and treatment completion will have greatest individual and public health benefit....... to achieve TB elimination. Methods: We conducted a systematic review to determine effectiveness (performance of diagnostic tests, efficacy of treatment, uptake and completion of screening and treatment) and a second systematic review on cost-effectiveness of LTBI screening programmes for migrants living...... eligible for screening completed treatment because of losses along all steps of the LTBI care cascade. Limited economic analyses suggest that the most cost-effective approach may be targeting young migrants from high TB incidence countries. Discussion: The effectiveness of LTBI programmes is limited...

Move! Eat better: Do you walk more than 10,000 steps a day?

CERN Multimedia

2013-01-01

All of you who borrowed a pedometer from the Infirmary will confirm that it was a useful experience and that, in order to reach your recommended daily tally of 10,000 paces, you need to add about 30 minutes of exercise to your daily routine, which equates to about 4,000 extra paces. Why 10,000 steps?   The slogan “10,000 steps a day” comes from Japan. But the number wasn’t just pulled from a hat -  it’s based on a study by Dr Yoshiro Hatano. Walking is sacrosanct in Japanese society, where they use pedometers to determine the number of steps they walk every day. Dr Yoshiro Hatano has demonstrated that people who get enough walking in every day have improved health. In other words, you have to burn at least 200 extra calories per day, through exercise, in order to start reaping the benefits in terms of improved health. A 30-minute walk roughly corresponds to the 4,000 extra steps which are recommended but rarely taken. Is 10,000 steps an achie...

Proposal to Search for Heavy Neutral Leptons at the SPS

CERN Document Server

Bonivento, W.; Dijkstra, H.; Egede, U.; Ferro-Luzzi, M.; Goddard, B.; Golutvin, A.; Gorbunov, D.; Jacobsson, R.; Panman, J.; Patel, M.; Ruchayskiy, O.; Ruf, T.; Serra, N.; Shaposhnikov, M.; Treille, D.; CERN. Geneva. SPS and PS Experiments Committee; SPSC

2013-01-01

A new fixed-target experiment at the CERN SPS accelerator is proposed that will use decays of charm mesons to search for Heavy Neutral Leptons (HNLs), which are right-handed partners of the Standard Model neutrinos. The existence of such particles is strongly motivated by theory, as they can simultaneously explain the baryon asymmetry of the Universe, account for the pattern of neutrino masses and oscillations and provide a Dark Matter candidate. Cosmological constraints on the properties of HNLs now indicate that the majority of the interesting parameter space for such particles was beyond the reach of the previous searches at the PS191, BEBC, CHARM, CCFR and NuTeV experiments. For HNLs with mass below 2 GeV, the proposed experiment will improve on the sensitivity of previous searches by four orders of magnitude and will cover a major fraction of the parameter space favoured by theoretical models. The experiment requires a 400 GeV proton beam from the SPS with a total of 2x10^20 protons on target, achie...

Measurement of sediments thickness by ground penetrating radar; Denjihaho wo mochiita kotei taisekibutsu soatsu no sokutei

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Nozawa, E [Tokyo Electric Power Co. Inc., Tokyo (Japan); Inagaki, M

1997-05-27

An attempt was made to measure thickness of a layer of reservoir bottom sediments by utilizing the electromagnetic reflection method. Because water is a substance difficult for electromagnetic waves to permeate, considerations were given on to suppress attenuation to a minimum, and improve receiving sensitivity. The test used monocycle pulses with a central frequency of 200 MHz. In order to generate stabilized pulses with little unnecessary reflection, an antenna as large as it can be fitted into a rubber boat was employed. In order to acquire referential data, the test was carried out by using simultaneously a sound wave exploration device. The lake at which the test was carried out is a regulating reservoir with a size of about 250 m {times} 150 m, with its bottom made of concrete slab. This means that the lake consists of a three-layer structure comprising water, soil deposits, and concrete bottom from the water surface. According to an example of acquired electromagnetic exploration records, boundary reflection of water and sediments was observed clearly at water depths of 2 to 3 m as a shallow portion and 5 to 6 m as a deep portion. Reflection between the sediments and the bottom plate was also observed sufficiently distinctly. 3 refs., 8 figs.

Patient- and Physician-reported Satisfaction With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Treatment in US Clinical Practice.

Science.gov (United States)

Pascoe, Katie; Lobosco, Steve; Bell, David; Hoskin, Ben; Chang, David J; Pobiner, Bonnie; Ramachandran, Sulabha

2017-09-01

This two-part study comprised two descriptive, cross-sectional surveys to evaluate treatment satisfaction among patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and their physicians from US clinical practices. The Lupus Plus Project (LPP; part one) involved belimumab-containing regimens; the Disease Specific Program (DSP; part two) included all treatments and was designed to build on the body of evidence from part one. The LPP recruited patients receiving belimumab, and comprised 2 paper questionnaires: a patient self-completion questionnaire (PSC) and a patient record form (PRF) completed by the physician. The DSP enrolled patients with SLE receiving any treatment and comprised four parts: a PSC, a PRF completed by the physician after patient consultation, face-to-face physician interviews, and a workload form completed by the physicians to indicate their total SLE patient workload. The key objective of this study was to assess physician and patient satisfaction with current treatment. From the PSCs, data regarding patient-reported satisfaction with current treatment were available for 263 patients who were receiving belimumab combination therapy (LPP) and 250 patients who were receiving non-belimumab treatment (DSP). The majority of patients (belimumab, 86.3% [227/263]; non-belimumab, 78.4% [196/250]) responded positively (at least "somewhat satisfied") when asked about current treatment satisfaction, as did physicians (belimumab, 82.9% [311/375]; non-belimumab, 74.3% [326/439]). In multivariate analysis, factors most strongly associated with patient-reported satisfaction for patients receiving belimumab were patient-reported improvements in leisure activities since taking belimumab (odds ratio [OR] = 4.66), physician-reported improvements in fatigue (OR = 3.72), patient-reported improvements in general symptoms (OR = 3.02), and pain/achiness (OR = 2.71). Physician satisfaction was associated with clinical outcome such as improvements in pain/achiness (OR = 6

Environmental improvement in drying process of plastics part paint; Jushi buhin toso kanso kotei no kankyo kaizen

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Nakamura, T.; Horii, H.; Kobayashi, T.; Hayashida, T. [Hino Motors, Ltd., Tokyo (Japan)

1998-07-01

A method is developed of applying near infrared rays to the drying of paint coatings on resin-made automobile parts, and its environment improving effects are described. Using the conventional hot-air dryer for the drying of such coatings, the portion near the top surface is hardened prior to the other portions because the heat is absorbed near the top surface. Using an infrared drying system, however, defects in the product surface attributable to the lack of uniformity in the hardening of paint or to the splashing of solvent are remedied because deeper portions are hardened first. Experiment and study are conducted for the purpose of applying a near infrared drying method to an ABS (acrylonitrile butadiene styrene) coating. It is found that the near infrared drying method takes only seven minutes to dry a paint coating for which a hot-air furnace will take 20 minutes, thus shortening the drying time a great deal. Defects of gas hole of coatings are generally dealt with by changing the setting time and drying conditions for example by increasing the amount of the diluting thinner. When an near infrared drying method is used, the amount of the diluting thinner is reduced approximately 50% from the amount required using the hot-air drying method in case of the thickness of 60{mu}m. 2 refs., 9 figs., 2 tabs.

Particle Accelerators for PET radionuclides

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Jensen, Mikael

2012-01-01

The requirements set for particle accelerators for production of radioactive isotopes for PET can easily be derived from first principles. The simple general need is for proton beams with energy in the region 10–20 MeV and current 20–100 microAmps. This is most reliably and cost-effectively achie......The requirements set for particle accelerators for production of radioactive isotopes for PET can easily be derived from first principles. The simple general need is for proton beams with energy in the region 10–20 MeV and current 20–100 microAmps. This is most reliably and cost......-effectively achieved by the well proven technology of the compact medical cyclotron, presently available from several companies. The main features of these cyclotrons are essential similar: resistive, sector focused iron magnets, internal negative ion sources and stripping extraction. The remaining differences between...... different manufacturers will be discussed the light of what is actually needed for a given PET site operation. Alternatives to the conventional cyclotron have been proposed and tested but have at present very limited use. These alternatives will be discussed, as well as the future possibilities of supplying...

Marine ecosystem and CO sub 2 fixation. ; Development desired on new fixing technology upon elucidating the mechanisms in the natural world. Kaiyo seitaikei to CO sub 2 kotei. ; Shizenkai no mechanism kaimei ni yoru atarashii kotei gijutsu no kaihatsu wo

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Nozaki, K [Electrotechnical Laboratory, Tsukuba (Japan)

1992-02-15

This paper describes the following matters on CO{sub 2} fixation using living organisms, and marine organisms in particular. For CO{sub 2} fixation using land organisms, promotion is urged on desert greening and forestation with fast growing trees. The CO{sub 2} transfer into deep sea beds with sea water circulation is a slow process, requiring several hundred to one thousand years before the CO{sub 2} increased in the atmosphere is absorbed into deep sea water. Precipitation of organics produced by photosynthesis of vegetable planktons on the ground surface also contributes to the CO{sub 2} transfer into deeper ground. If the CO{sub 2} fixing speed in coral reefs in Okinawa and Hawaii is applied to the coral reefs all over the world, it will mean a CO{sub 2} fixation being carried out corresponding to an annual increase in the forest area of 10,000 to 200,000 km{sup 2}. The paper touches on technological development to fix CO{sub 2} by propagating vegetable planktons on ocean surface with supply of nutritious salt, or to discard liquefied CO{sub 2} from thermal power plants into deep sea beds. 32 refs., 7 figs., 1 tab.

Basic research on the carbon dioxide fixation using seaweed. Kaisorui no tansan gas kotei ni kansuru kiso kenkyu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Yamamoto, M.; Ishihara, T. (The Kansai Electric Power Co. Inc., Osaka (Japan))

1993-08-25

Study was made for grasping the basic data of CO2 fixation technology by seaweed. The photosynthesis under the sea, which is different from that on the land, is judged to be made by taking in HCO3[sup -] and converting it into CO2 inside the plant. Porphyra yezoensis which is seaweed is cultivated as comestible. With a rise in CO2 content, the growth in length of leaves was observed to be accelerated through ventilating Porphyra yezoensis with the three test types of air which respectively contained 350ppm (atmospheric CO2 content), 1000ppm and 1600ppm CO2. As a result of measuring the photosynthesis speed by the generated quantity of O2, it was heightened with a rise in dissolved inorganic carbonic acid content of the sea water. Measurement was also made of daily fluctuation in calcification speed by Corallina officinalis capable of calcification by ventilating it with 350ppm and 1600ppm CO2. In case of 1600ppm, the sedimentation of CaCO3 was prevented. In case of 350ppm, the sedimentation was quantitatively larger during the bright period than that during the dark period. The growth of Gracilaria gigas which is an agar material was compared by changing the above CO2 levels. In case of 1600ppm, the weight grew to 2.3 times in 20 days. 16 figs., 2 tabs.

Management of electricity network cross border capacity: allocation procedures between France and Belgium; Gestion des capacites d'echange d'electricite: methodes d'allocation entre la France et la Belgique

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Raytchev, D. [Bordeaux-4 Univ. Montesquieu, LAREefi, 33 (France)

2003-11-01

This paper tries to identify a method of allocation of the Interconnector capacity for the transport of electricity which complies best with the (conflicting) interests of users, system operators and regulators in the context of a common European market of electricity. The first part combines a historical approach with a comparative study of existing allocation procedures to show that the new joint mechanism of auctioning and market splitting, applied to the whole northern zone of UCTE is vastly superior to the existing allocation arrangement on the Franco-Belgian border. The second part discusses some problems related to the implementation of the new allocation mechanism. Here we examine some difficulties concerning ca achy auctioning (like auction methods and organisation, profit distribution and derivative markets) as well as the market splitting method (neutrality, markets without power exchanges, etc). The main obstacle facing the new method remains however the lack of willingness to address the urgent issue of reforming the present allocation procedures- a remnant from the period of centrally planned electricity systems where neighbouring monopoly companies negotiated agreements of mutual assistance. These agreements are currently kept in place by tacit inaction despite their heterogeneity and arbitrariness which slow down the emergence of a real competition capable of contesting the positions of historic operators. (authors)

Management of electricity network cross border capacity: allocation procedures between France and Belgium

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Raytchev, D.

2003-01-01

This paper tries to identify a method of allocation of the Interconnector capacity for the transport of electricity which complies best with the (conflicting) interests of users, system operators and regulators in the context of a common European market of electricity. The first part combines a historical approach with a comparative study of existing allocation procedures to show that the new joint mechanism of auctioning and market splitting, applied to the whole northern zone of UCTE is vastly superior to the existing allocation arrangement on the Franco-Belgian border. The second part discusses some problems related to the implementation of the new allocation mechanism. Here we examine some difficulties concerning ca achy auctioning (like auction methods and organisation, profit distribution and derivative markets) as well as the market splitting method (neutrality, markets without power exchanges, etc). The main obstacle facing the new method remains however the lack of willingness to address the urgent issue of reforming the present allocation procedures- a remnant from the period of centrally planned electricity systems where neighbouring monopoly companies negotiated agreements of mutual assistance. These agreements are currently kept in place by tacit inaction despite their heterogeneity and arbitrariness which slow down the emergence of a real competition capable of contesting the positions of historic operators. (authors)

英语专业学生阅读焦虑、阅读策略的效率研究——以江西农大南昌商学院为例%Efficiency Study on Reading Anxiety and Reading Strategy of English Major Students——Take Nanchang Business College of Jiangxi Agricultural University for Example

Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

刘文英

2012-01-01

利用英语阅读焦虑量表，英语阅读策略量表和阅读测试卷，对江西农业大学南昌商学院126名英语专来二年级学生进行测试，并就英语阅读策略、阅读焦虑和阅读成绩三者之间的相关性进行了调查和分析。结果表明：焦虑的高低与成绩的高低呈负相关关系，策略的高低与成绩的高低呈正相关关系。%Use English reading anxiety scale, English reading strategy scale and reading test roll, 126 English major sopho mores come from Nanchang Business College of Jiangxi Agricultural University were tested, According to the investigation and analysis the relationship between the English reading strategies, reading anxiety and reading scores. The results show that the level of anxiety and the level of achievement are negatively correlated, the level of policy and the level of achie vement are positively correlated.

Growth and carbon fixation rate of calcareous algae cricosphaera carterae. Sekkaiso cricosphaera carterae no zoshoku to tanso kotei sokudo

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Seki, M; Furusaki, S [The University of Tokyo, Tokyo (Japan). Faculty of Engineering; Shigematsu, K [Sumitomo Chemical Co. Ltd., Osaka (Japan); Shigeta, K [Kanagawa Prefectural Office, Yokohama (Japan)

1993-09-10

Notice has been given on a calcareous alga among micro marine algae that play an important role in carbon circulation, and the representative alga, Cricosphaera carterae was cultured to discuss growth and carbon fixation rate experimentally. It was found that nutrient salt is taken in more actively in the bright period during which no fission occurs, and less actively during the growth stage in the dark period. Dependence of nitrate concentration on specific growth rate was measured with semi-continuous culture and two formulas were formulated. The specific growth rate was 0.53/d at an average nitrogen concentration on the ocean surface of 15 mg/m[sup 3]. The maximum specific growth rate was 0.9/d, and the fixing ratio of inorganic carbon to organic carbon was roughly 0.1. Further, the alga was cultured with CO2 concentration doubled (to 715 ppm), where no large difference was discovered in the growth and the inorganic carbon fixation. From these findings, the carbon fixation amount due to algae on the entire earth was calculated to roughly 4 billion tons per year. 23 refs., 10 figs., 4 tabs.

Fiscal 1995 investigation on biological fixation of carbon dioxide; 1995 nendo seibutsuteki CO2 kotei ni kansuru chosa hokokusho

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1996-03-01

To cope with the global warming caused by CO2, an investigation was conducted into biological fixation. It is necessary to make a many-sided and comprehensive study on the mechanism of CO2 fixation, the scale (area and carbon holding density), the rate and the environmental impact of the introduction of the technology and the technical problems, and to make a quantitative evaluation of each of the methods in order to make them practical proposals. The global ecosystem is classified into the land biota and ocean biota, and each typical ecosystem was surveyed in terms of the surface area, the carbon holding amount (presently existing amount), the net primary production amount, the required nutrient salt amount, the transpiration rate, etc. Next, a discussion was made on the increasing effect of the carbon fixation amount by changing the present ecosystem from the aspect of scale and rate. At the same time, a study was carried out of energy efficiency, economical efficiency and problems. Last, elementary technology was taken up which seems to be important for implementing measures for the biological carbon fixation. As to the ocean, it is necessary to obtain information, which is not sufficient to utilize marine biota for CO2 fixation, especially on the mechanism of depth-direction transfer of organism and its quantitative grasp. As to the land, one of the measures is conversion of the ecosystem where the amount of carbon fixed is small to the ecosystem where the amount is large. 249 refs., 58 figs., 51 tabs.

Geochemical fixation of carbon dioxide in the environment. Chikyu kagakuteki kenchi kara no tansan'en ni yoru nisanka tanso no kotei

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ishikawa, M [Mitsubishi Research Institute, Inc., Tokyo (Japan)

1993-06-15

The Mitsubishi Research Institute has investigated and discussed the current situation and the future direction of the studies on geochemical fixation of carbon dioxide by means of carbonates. This paper summarizes the results thereof. The discussion items are listed as follows: The current status of land areas active in carbonate fixation (lake-bottom deposits, sabkha, dry areas, carbonate rock areas); investigation on sea areas active in carbonate fixation (coral reef areas, land shelf areas, open sea areas, and mantle); development of environmental change analyzing technologies (measurement of ancient environments, measurement of fixation ages, development of local area analysis, measurement of diagenetic structures, origin and behavior of trace elements in carbonate substances, and measurement of the current environments); evaluation on fixation ability of carbon sinks (circulation and fixation in coral reef ecosystems, calcification mechanisms in calcareous algae, dissolution processes at ocean bottoms, and inorganic chemical measurement); and investigation on simulation models (solution chemistry equilibrium model and global carbonate circulation model). 4 refs., 1 tab.

A repository of codes of ethics and technical standards in health informatics.

Science.gov (United States)

Samuel, Hamman W; Zaïane, Osmar R

2014-01-01

We present a searchable repository of codes of ethics and standards in health informatics. It is built using state-of-the-art search algorithms and technologies. The repository will be potentially beneficial for public health practitioners, researchers, and software developers in finding and comparing ethics topics of interest. Public health clinics, clinicians, and researchers can use the repository platform as a one-stop reference for various ethics codes and standards. In addition, the repository interface is built for easy navigation, fast search, and side-by-side comparative reading of documents. Our selection criteria for codes and standards are two-fold; firstly, to maintain intellectual property rights, we index only codes and standards freely available on the internet. Secondly, major international, regional, and national health informatics bodies across the globe are surveyed with the aim of understanding the landscape in this domain. We also look at prevalent technical standards in health informatics from major bodies such as the International Standards Organization (ISO) and the U. S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Our repository contains codes of ethics from the International Medical Informatics Association (IMIA), the iHealth Coalition (iHC), the American Health Information Management Association (AHIMA), the Australasian College of Health Informatics (ACHI), the British Computer Society (BCS), and the UK Council for Health Informatics Professions (UKCHIP), with room for adding more in the future. Our major contribution is enhancing the findability of codes and standards related to health informatics ethics by compilation and unified access through the health informatics ethics repository.

Measuring Outcomes of Clinical Care: Victorian Emergency Laparotomy Audit Using Quality Investigator.

Science.gov (United States)

Stevens, Claire L; Brown, Christopher; Watters, David A K

2018-07-01

The Australian and New Zealand Audit of Surgical Mortality (ANZASM) National Report 2015 found that within the cohort of audited deaths, 85% were emergencies with acute life-threatening conditions, and by far, the most common procedures were laparotomy and colorectal procedures. Emergency laparotomy outcomes have shown improvement through audit and reporting in the UK. The purpose of this study was to determine the outcome of emergency laparotomy in the state of Victoria, Australia. The Dr Foster Quality Investigator (DFQI) database was interrogated for a set of Australian Classification of Health Intervention (ACHI) codes defined by the authors as representing an emergency laparotomy. The dataset included patients who underwent emergency laparotomy from July 2007 to July 2016 in all Victorian hospitals. There were 23,115 emergency laparotomies conducted over 9 years in 66 hospitals. Inpatient mortality was 2036/23,115 (8.8%). Mortality in the adult population increased with age and reached 18.1% in those patients that were 80 years or older. 51.3% were females, and there was no significant difference in survival between genders. Patients with no recorded comorbidities had a mortality of 4.3%, whereas those with > 5 comorbidities had 19.3% mortality. Administrative data accessed via a tool such as DFQI can provide useful population data to guide further evidence-based improvement strategies. The mortality for emergency laparotomy within Victorian hospitals is comparable, if not better than that seen in overseas studies. There is a need to continue routine audit of mortality rates and implement systems improvement where necessary.

BASIC PRINCIPLES OF PUPIL’S DEVELOPMENT

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Sabina Mujčin

2009-11-01

Full Text Available “Physical education is consciousness activity, constant from childhood to adult- hood, to which the aim is to assure full physical development, to strengthen the power of resistance against illness, to ameliorate energy and all other characteristics of ac- tivity and character.” (Hebert / Le sport contre l’éducation physique“, Pons 1925.. Physycal education is important factor of overall education. It becomes equal and equally valuable process, which features special tools and tasks. However, besides everything else success of physical education of children and youth depends on methods, content, tools, sources and school organization of teaching. The science has universal deve- lopment of the personality as the main goal. Following that every education which’s results The science puts overall development of personality as goal of education. Follo- wing that, every education that opposes to that goal is wrong and narrow. This means that physical education as composing and indivisible part of general education is permanent, planned and systematic process of impact on human, especially at the period of youth when different kinds of tools, especially by physical education develop and build a person capable for work, and when forming his personality in sense of ethics Yet, besides all other a success of physical education of children and youth depend on methods, content, tools, sources and school organization of teaching. For an achie- vement of expected results it is not enough that teacher knows only meanings, aims and connectivity of his work in function of school as educational institution, but also to know to organize and perform teaching by modern scientific achievement, specially pedagogy, psychology and physiology.

FY 1996 annual report of investigation on biological fixation of carbon dioxide. 2; 1996 nendo seibutsuteki CO2 kotei ni kansuru chosa hokokusho. 2

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1997-03-01

Various kinds of biological fixation processes of CO2 were evaluated from the various viewpoints. Afforestation of tropical and temperate areas, greening of desert, biomass energy production in these areas by energy plantation, coastal mangrove plantation, fertilization with nitrogen and phosphate to outer ocean and coastal, upwelling zone fertilization with iron, and coral reef expansion combined with OTEC (ocean thermal energy conversion) were comparatively investigated as the selected measures. As a result, the cost of CO2 fixation by cultivation of sea weed and plankton was much higher than that of afforestation. The iron fertilization method which was considered to be one of the high CO2 reduction potentials might be economical. However, its effect could not be quantitatively evaluated. The afforestation of tropical and temperate areas seemed to be most feasible in a short term from the viewpoints of economy and environment. It was suggested that the establishment of a systematic water management technology could make greening and afforestation of desert. 76 refs., 27 figs., 28 tabs.

Qanun Man’i al-Maysir fi Wilayati Aceh: Dirasatun Tahliliyatun fi Dhaui Maqasid al-Syari’ah

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Maisyarah Rahmi Hasan

2015-06-01

Full Text Available This research aims to study the prevention law of gambling in Aceh. Which has applied since 2003 M. The problem appears from this study is miss understanding of some Achiness society. Some of them accept that the gambling law is applied according to the purpose of Islam on the prohibit gambling. On another perception some of the community in Aceh do not accept it. they argue that the law of prevention gambling in Aceh is just from government not from Syari’. The explanation of appropriation between the purpose of government on applying this law and the purpose of maqashid al- syariah on prevention gambling. And discuss the reason of miss understanding society. So, this research will analyse the problems deal from this law, the solution, and finding out the wisdom of forbid gambling, and the relation prevention gambling law and the maqashid al – syariah on keep the wealth, because the command of preserve wealth is one of the purpose of syariah that Muslim should watch over it.thus, The researcher adopted the inductive methodology and the analytical approach to reach the solution on it. The most important result finding in this study is firm relation between the prevention gambling law in Aceh and maqashid al- syariah. Gambling is prohibited by many evidences and propositions from al-qur’an and hadits. In addition There are many kind of gambling renowned, the punishment for violate the gambling law is ta’ziriah. This forbidden relate to the command on keeping the wealth. Since that is one of the purpose of shariah. If the prevention of gambling law is approved and applied so that the purpose of shariah is reached as well. Futhermore, the law must be holdout on all Muslims to avoid gambling .

Structure-activity relationships of the melanocortin tetrapeptide Ac-His-DPhe-Arg-Trp-NH2 at the mouse melanocortin receptors. Part 3: modifications at the Arg position.

Science.gov (United States)

Holder, Jerry Ryan; Xiang, Zhimin; Bauzo, Rayna M; Haskell-Luevano, Carrie

2003-01-01

The melanocortin pathway is involved in the regulation of several physiological functions including skin pigmentation, steroidogenesis, obesity, energy homeostasis, and exocrine gland function. This melanocortin pathway consists of five known G-protein coupled receptors, endogenous agonists derived from the proopiomelanocortin (POMC) gene transcript, the endogenous antagonists Agouti and the Agouti-related protein (AGRP) and signals through the intracellular cAMP signal transduction pathway. The melanocortin-3 receptor (MC3R) and melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) located in the brain are implicated as participating in the metabolic and food intake aspects of energy homeostasis and are stimulated by melanocortin agonists such as alpha-melanocyte stimulation hormone (alpha-MSH). All the endogenous (POMC-derived) melanocortin agonists contain the putative message sequence "His-Phe-Arg-Trp." Herein, we report 12 tetrapeptides, based upon the template Ac-His(6)-DPhe(7)-Arg(8)-Trp(9)-NH(2) (alpha-MSH numbering) that have been modified at the Arg(8) position by neutral, basic, or acidic amino acid side chains. These peptides have been pharmacologically characterized for agonist activity at the mouse melanocortin receptors MC1R, MC3R, MC4R, and MC5R. The most notable results of this study include the observation that removal of the guanidinyl side chain moiety results in decreased melanocortin receptor potency, but that this Arg(8) side chain is not critical for melanocortin receptor agonist activity. Additionally, incorporation of the homoArg(8) residue results in 56-fold MC4R versus MC3R selectivity, and the Orn(8) residue results in 123-fold MC4R versus MC5R and 63-fold MC5R versus MC3R selectivity. Copyright 2002 Elsevier Science Inc.

Study of promotion of CO2 fixation by the environmental improvement in the coral reef area; Kansho chitai ni okeru kankyo kaizen ni yoru CO2 kotei sokushin no kenkyu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Maruoka, T.; Ishitani, H.; Matsuhashi, R.; Yamada, K.; Komiyama, H.; Kraines, S. [The University of Tokyo, Tokyo (Japan). Faculty of Engineering

1997-01-30

A study was conducted on how to fix CO2 in the ocean using coral reefs. Coral reefs have extremely high primary productivity ( production quantity of organic matters by photosynthesis) and are expected to be resources to fix CO2 when the quantity of photosynthesis exceeds the quantity of CO2 emitted in association with formation of calcium carbonate skeleton. If organic substances produced in coral reefs are well carried into the open sea, those are settled down on deep beds, which enables the storage into the ocean. At the coral reef floating in the ocean, it is not very deep inside and the seawater stays there, but it has a steep depth outside. By the numerical calculation, an examination was made on how the waterflow changes when making the flow path of seawater between the inland sea and open sea. From the actual calculation of an atoll, it was found that seawater comes in and out from the open sea to the inland sea near the opening of the atoll in accordance with the high tide and ebb tide, but the water stays at the deep bottom of the atoll. When installing a channel with a 10m depth at the portion where the water flows softly, the seawater was actively exchanged. 6 refs., 4 figs.

Achievement report on the research on possibility of expanding application of information technology to automobile production line; Jidosha seisan kotei eno joho tsushin gijutsu tekiyo kakudai kanosei ni kansuru chosa kenkyu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2001-03-01

Before submitting propositions on important technological tasks to be generated in the automobile production line upon application of IT (information technology), a questionnairing is implemented to know the actualities of the line for the purpose of planning a proper merger of IT and the manufacturing technology development capability of the IT accepting site. The questionnaire, aiming at the embodiment of the goals of the projects 'IT related technical tasks relative to its helping human creation of new technologies and enhancement of human ability to make improvement' and 'Technical tasks of developing technical skills into technologies,' asks engineers about the actualities of knowhow at automobile production lines and its development into technologies, about how they take care of what they learned from their predecessors, and about their expectations from and views and opinions toward IT introduction and utilization. It is important to efficiently utilize IT as a means to solve problems involving the knowhow related training on the production line and the handing down of the acquired knowhow to the juniors. Since individual workers' knowhow assumes a certain role at each stage of the automobile production line and since it is necessary to extract the maximum from each worker and to utilize the fruit for improvement on productivity and work efficiency, it is indispensable to efficiently merge the knowhow with IT. (NEDO)

Development of CO2 fixation system at a sludge incinerator by a unicellular green alga chlorella; Gesui odei shokyaku shisetsu ni okeru kurorera wo mochiita CO2 kotei system no kaihatsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Misonou, T. [Yamanashi Univ., Yamanashi (Japan). Faculty of Pedagogy; Morimoto, K. [Yamanashi Univ., Yamanashi (Japan). Graduate School; Suzuki, Y. [Yamanashi Univ., Yamanashi (Japan). Faculty of Engineering

1997-03-05

Among many environmental problems now the world is facing with, the increase of CO2 concentration in the atmosphere is considered to give rise to many phenomena causing such serious effects as abnormal weather, water shortage, food shortage, etc., hence predictions by climate models are being tried at many places in the world, and any of them predicts a temperature rise due to the increase of gases such as CO2 causing the green house effect. In this article, an experiment has been carried out which cultures chlorella capable of fixing CO2 by using the exhaust gas actually emit from the sludge incinerator inside the South Sewage Purification Center of Kofu City, Yamanashi Prefecture. As a result, it has been theoretically concluded that a CO2 fixation system can be constructed inside the above center, but it is necessary to consider the balance between working electric energy during the system operation and the amount of CO2 fixation by the above system. In case when the electric power from a commercial power plant is used for the operation of the system, such usage becomes meaningless unless the system fixes CO2 more than the CO2 discharge by this power generation. 11 refs., 5 figs., 4 tabs.

Fiscal 1997 report on the survey of biological CO2 fixation using arid land and oligotrophic waters; 1997 nendo chosa hokokusho (kansochi, hin`eiyo kaiiki wo riyoshita seibutsuteki CO2 kotei ni kansuru chosa)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1998-03-01

This survey is aimed to investigate various measures to be taken for biological CO2 fixation, to synthetically study feasibilities of the measures from various aspects of CO2 fixation mechanism, scale, speed, and environmental effects and technical problems in case of introducing those, and to assess the measures quantitatively. In this fiscal year, a study was proceeded with of possibilities of carbon fixation by afforestation and that by fertilization into ocean. The paper defined significance of afforestation in arid land, and especially advantages in conducting researches in West Australia. Relationships were examined among afforestation, precipitation and topography. The result of the survey was described of water- and salt-transfer simulation methods. Studies of arid land were made in terms of photosynthetic speed, transpiration speed, soil characteristics, measuring methods for precipitation and vaporization amount, and the examples. Seven places of Leonora where water source and water quality were examined were selected, and the measuring results were described. The paper summed up the state of utilization of biomass energy obtained from forest and commented on a scenario on tree-planting. Finally, a possibility was stated of the carbon fixation by fermentation into ocean. 178 refs., 121 figs., 53 tabs.

Survey report of FY 1997 on the trends of novel CO2 fixation technology using bacteria and microalgae; 1997 nendo chosa hokokusho (saikin sorui wo riyoshita atarashii nisanka tanso kotei gijutsu no doko chosa)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1998-03-01

For this survey, the latest technology trends relating to microbial functions are summarized to recover and effectively utilize CO2, typical greenhouse effect gas, using microbial functions. Systematic survey and analysis are conducted concerning the microorganisms useful for fixing CO2, CO2 uptake mechanism during the microbial reactions, utilization methods of solar light and useful energy sources except solar light, highly efficient production of useful materials, and usage of produced useful materials. Research has concentrated on use of biological activities for this purpose through design of bioreactors using microorganisms (bacteria and microalgae) for efficient CO2 fixation. For the process to have net CO2 fixation as assessed by its life cycle and to make the process economically feasible, it is essential not only to fix CO2 merely in the form of biomass but in addition to convert it to useful materials by the catalytic activities of the organisms. Three categories were set for the survey, i.e., microorganisms with CO2 fixation ability, available energy for CO2 fixation, and target CO2 fixation products. 169 refs., 49 figs., 14 tabs.

Biological processing of carbon dioxide. ; Photosynthetic function of plants, and carbon dioxide fixing function of marine organisms. Nisanka tanso no seibutsuteki shori. ; Shokubutsu no kogosei kino to kaiyo seibutsu no nisanka tanso kotei kino

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hirai, M [National Research Inst. for Pollution and Resources, Tsukuba (Japan)

1991-02-15

This paper describes photosynthetic function of plants, and CO {sub 2} fixing function of marine organisms. Among the photosythetic reaction systems, the C {sub 3} type reaction carries out CO {sub 2} fixation using the Calvin cycle, and takes out the carbon dioxide out of the system through enzymatic reactions of 3-phosphoglycerate {yields} fructose-6-phosphate. The C {sub 4} type reaction has a special cycle to supply CO {sub 2} to the Calvin cycle, i. e. C {sub 4} dicarboxylic acid cycle. The CAM type reaction enables the photosynthetic type to be converted according to variations in the growing environment. The majority of the surace agricultural crops are from C {sub 3} plants, of which yield may be increased when grown in a high CO {sub 2} atmosphere. On the one hand, gene engineering may make possible breeding of plants having high CO {sub 2} fixing capability. In the area of marine organisms, lime algae growing in clusters around coral reefs form and deposit CaCO {sub 3}. Reef creating corals have symbiotically in their stomach layer brown algae having photosynthetic function to build CaCO {sub 3} skeleton. The corals calcify algae quickly and in a large quantity, hence play an important role in fixing underwater CO {sub 2}. 2 tabs.

Survey report for fiscal 1998. Survey of trends of new CO{sub 2} fixation technology using bacteria and algae (II); 1998 nendo chosa hokokusho. Saikin sorui wo riyoshita atarashii nisanka tanso kotei gijutsu no doko chosa

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1999-03-01

The trend of technology is surveyed from a standpoint that, in the process of CO2 fixation using microbes for the production of useful substances, it is essential, in view of income/outgo balance and economy, to utilize their catalytic function. The survey centers about the feasibility of the utilization of organic wastes, cellulose wastes in particular, as an energy source. Special attention is paid to the energy of artificial light and laser beams. From a point of view that it is important to suppress cell multiplication and to effectively utilize only catalytic activity for the production of useful substances, the cell division mechanism of the Corynebacterium is analyzed, and the findings are compiled to facilitate the study as to whether the division may be controlled. A report is also prepared on the metabolic mechanism of a photosynthesizing bacterium that is judged to be the most promising species. Reference is made to aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. Shown are the organic compounds that are formed by CO2 gas fixation thanks to microbial or enzymatic reactions. To emphasize their importance as an energy source and to explain the conversion of biomass into useful substances, the technology and economy of conversion into fuel compounds are surveyed. The production of ethanol out of organic wastes is evaluated in the way of LCA (life cycle assessment). (NEDO)

Report on a survey in fiscal 1999. Survey on trends in new carbon dioxide fixation technologies utilizing bacteria and algae. (3); 1999 nendo saikin sorui wo riyoshita atarashii nisanka tanso kotei gijutsu no doko chosa. 3

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2000-03-01

In order to achieve collection and effective utilization of CO2 as the representative greenhouse effect gas, through use of microorganism functions, a survey was performed on problems when the CO2 fixation system is applied to factories, based on the results of surveys in fiscals 1997 and 1998 and the supplementary surveys therein. Discussions were given on feasibility and effect of introducing the in situ CO2 fixation systems. With regard to the current status and problems in technologies to fix and utilize effectively CO2 by use of photosynthetic bacteria and micro algae by means of solar beam, the paper summarizes the 'searches and breeding of bacteria and algae' and the 'research and development of a high-density and large-quantity cultivation system such as for CO2 fixation and useful substance production'. The paper also describes problems in the CO2 fixation technologies utilizing bacteria and algae. With regard to the CO2 fixation technologies utilizing bacteria and algae, the paper summarized the contents of the survey on CO2 fixation by using photosynthetic bacteria, clostridium bacteria, and coryne bacteria. Surveys were performed inside and outside the country on kinds and existence quantities of unutilized organic wastes in which microorganisms that fix CO2 can be utilized. The CO2 fixation systems can be considered of their possibilities of being introduced into foodstuff factories where organic waste water with high concentration can be obtained. (NEDO)

Report on a survey in fiscal 1999. Survey on trends in new carbon dioxide fixation technologies utilizing bacteria and algae. (3); 1999 nendo saikin sorui wo riyoshita atarashii nisanka tanso kotei gijutsu no doko chosa. 3

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2000-03-01

In order to achieve collection and effective utilization of CO2 as the representative greenhouse effect gas, through use of microorganism functions, a survey was performed on problems when the CO2 fixation system is applied to factories, based on the results of surveys in fiscals 1997 and 1998 and the supplementary surveys therein. Discussions were given on feasibility and effect of introducing the in situ CO2 fixation systems. With regard to the current status and problems in technologies to fix and utilize effectively CO2 by use of photosynthetic bacteria and micro algae by means of solar beam, the paper summarizes the 'searches and breeding of bacteria and algae' and the 'research and development of a high-density and large-quantity cultivation system such as for CO2 fixation and useful substance production'. The paper also describes problems in the CO2 fixation technologies utilizing bacteria and algae. With regard to the CO2 fixation technologies utilizing bacteria and algae, the paper summarized the contents of the survey on CO2 fixation by using photosynthetic bacteria, clostridium bacteria, and coryne bacteria. Surveys were performed inside and outside the country on kinds and existence quantities of unutilized organic wastes in which microorganisms that fix CO2 can be utilized. The CO2 fixation systems can be considered of their possibilities of being introduced into foodstuff factories where organic waste water with high concentration can be obtained. (NEDO)

Acetaminophen (paracetamol) for the common cold in adults.

Science.gov (United States)

Li, Siyuan; Yue, Jirong; Dong, Bi Rong; Yang, Ming; Lin, Xiufang; Wu, Taixiang

2013-07-01

Acetaminophen is frequently prescribed for treating patients with the common cold, but there is little evidence as to whether it is effective. To determine the efficacy and safety of acetaminophen in the treatment of the common cold in adults. We searched CENTRAL 2013, Issue 1, Ovid MEDLINE (1950 to January week 5, 2013), EMBASE (1980 to February 2013), CINAHL (1982 to February 2013) and LILACS (1985 to February 2013). We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing acetaminophen to placebo or no treatment in adults with the common cold. Studies were included if the trials used acetaminophen as one ingredient of a combination therapy. We excluded studies in which the participants had complications. Primary outcomes included subjective symptom score and duration of common cold symptoms. Secondary outcomes were overall well being, adverse events and financial costs. Two review authors independently screened studies for inclusion, assessed risk of bias and extracted data. We performed standard statistical analyses. We included four RCTs involving 758 participants. We did not pool data because of heterogeneity in study designs, outcomes and time points. The studies provided sparse information about effects longer than a few hours, as three of four included studies were short trials of only four to six hours. Participants treated with acetaminophen had significant improvements in nasal obstruction in two of the four studies. One study showed that acetaminophen was superior to placebo in decreasing rhinorrhoea severity, but was not superior for treating sneezing and coughing. Acetaminophen did not improve sore throat or malaise in two of the four studies. Results were inconsistent for some symptoms. Two studies showed that headache and achiness improved more in the acetaminophen group than in the placebo group, while one study showed no difference between the acetaminophen and placebo group. None of the included studies reported the duration of common cold

Cólera en Bolívar de 1991 a 1997

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Delfina Urbina

1997-12-01

, Montecristo, María la Baja, Pinillos, Achi, Magangué, Arjona, Turbana, Calamar, Mompox, Santa Catalina, Hatillo de Loba, Turbaco, San Martín de Loba, Carmen de Bolívar, Villanueva, Zambrano, Morales, Talaigua Nuevo y Río Viejo, entre otros.

Report on the coal group in the Sunshine Project in fiscal 1988. Studies on a coal treatment technology in the initial process in liquefaction; 1989 nendo ekika shoki kotei ni okeru sekitan shori gijutsu no kenkyu hokokusho

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1990-03-01

This paper reports the achievements in the Sunshine Project in fiscal 1988 in studies on the studies of the initial process in liquefaction. It is intended to identify the swelling phenomenon in coal particles in the coal slurry preparation and preheating processes, and change in the slurry viscosity associated with the heating. The slurry viscosity starts decreasing from around 300 degrees C at which the liquefying reaction begins, and decreases sharply at around 350 degrees C. Therefore, rise in the viscosity at temperatures below 300 degrees C is caused by factors other than the liquefying reaction. The rise starting at 100 to 120 degrees C is due to absorption of the solvent by coal. The rise starting at 210 to 260 degrees C requires further discussions. The equilibrium swelling ratio was measured on different types of coals by using the hydrogenated anthracene oil solvent. No coals swelled at 100 degrees C. The temperature of 200 degrees C largely divides coals into those swelling and those not swelling. At 300 degrees C, the coals were divided into those shrinking after largely swelling, those not swelling and those swelling monotonously. For consideration of the utilization as an auxiliary solvent, petroleum-based heavy oil was used to perform coal liquefaction to discuss effects of the solvent on the liquefaction rates. (NEDO)

FY 2000 report on the basic survey to promote Joint Implementation, etc. Upgrading of energy utilization in the cement production process; 2000 nendo kyodo jisshi nado suishin kiso chosa hokokusho. Cement seizo kotei ni okeru energy kodoka

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2001-03-01

An investigational study was conducted of a project for energy conservation and greenhouse effect gas reduction by introducing the steam injection gas turbine generator to production facilities of the Siam Cement Industry Corporation (SCI) in Thailand. In the project, studies were made on the following: no purchases of electric power by introduction of the steam injection gas turbine generator; additional heating by gas turbine exhaust gas by introduction of the kiln combustion air heater; remodeling of the preheater of raw materials, and the partial calcination before kiln sintering by introduction of the calcination furnace. As a result of the study, the energy conservation amount was 1,200 toe/y, and the greenhouse effect gas reduction amount was approximately 8,000 t-CO2/y, which led to the reserve power for increased production of clinker by about 18%. The size of investment was 314.5 million Baht in total. As to the evaluation of economical efficiency of the investment, the actual period of ROI was a little less than 5 years, and the internal earning rate was 17.7%, which substantially met with SCI's standards for equipment investment. However, there are problems on the gas supply infrastructure, recovery of the white cement demand, etc. (NEDO)

Las barreras de acceso a los servicios de salud en la población indígena de Rabinal en Guatemala Barriers to accessing health care services for the indigenous population in Rabinal, Guatemala

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Maeve Hautecoeur

2007-04-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Identificar y documentar las barreras de acceso a los servicios de salud en la población indígena de Rabinal en Guatemala. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Se privilegió el análisis cualitativo y la recopilación de datos se realizó en Rabinal durante dos meses (Guatemala. Se realizaron quince entrevistas semi dirigidas a indígenas achís y cinco entrevistas a profesionales de la salud. Un grupo de discusión fue formado para validar la información recogida durante las entrevistas individuales; la retranscripción de éstas y la compilación de los datos permitieron hacer el análisis de contenido. RESULTADOS: Las barreras de acceso están interrelacionadas y las barreras geográficas están relacionadas con la distancia y con la escasez de transporte; las barreras económicas son los precios de las consultas y de los medicamentos, además, entre las barreras culturales, la lengua española es un obstáculo. Los indígenas tienen otra concepción de la medicina y de los tratamientos y se quejan en ocasiones de trato abusivo por parte de los profesionales sanitarios. A su vez, los profesionales de la salud reconocen que el trauma de la guerra está presente y critican las malas condiciones de vida y la falta de recursos. CONCLUSIONES: Los servicios de salud no son adecuados ni suficientes para responder a las necesidades de la población local.OBJECTIVE: To identify and document access barriers to health care services for the indigenous population in Rabinal, Guatemala. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A qualitative analysis was used. Over a period of two months, 20 semi-directional interviews were conducted in Rabinal, Guatemala: 15 with Achis indigenous people and five with health professionals. A focus group was done to verify the information collected during the individual interviews. The qualitative analysis was based on the transcription of interviews and the compilation of the data. RESULTS: Barriers to access are inter-relational. Geographic

Report on a survey in fiscal 1999. Part 3. Survey on biological CO2 fixation utilizing arid regions and oligotrophic sea areas; 1999 nendo kansochi, hin'eiyokaiiki wo riyoshita seibutsuteki CO{sub 2} kotei ni kansuru chosa. 3

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2000-03-01

With objectives to elucidate whether CO2 fixation quantity can be increased by utilizing the features of ecological systems, and know what degree the increasing possibility is at, surveys were performed on (1) the 'possibility of carbon fixation by means of afforestation in arid regions', and (2) the possibility of carbon fixation by applying fertilizers into oceans'. With respect to the (1) afforestation in arid regions, surveys were performed mainly in the West Australian Province to elucidate the current status of carbon fixation quantity, its possibility for increase, water balance, importance of soil structures, and effects of salts (including nutritious salt) on vegetation. Regarding the (2) fertilizer application into oceans, elucidation was made on circulation of organic matters in oceans, effects of applying ferrous fertilizers on the carbon fixation, and the importance of supplying inorganic nitrogen during the fertilizer application. The material cost for scattering irons at this time was calculated as two dollars per ton of carbon fixation quantity. Surveys were also carried out on processes of decomposition of particulate organic matters, and the change in the C/N ratio during the processes. Proposals were presented on preparing the platform that can calculate the carbon fixation quantity when water, soil, nutritious salt, afforestation, and climate are changed, and on preparing the scenario that can increase the carbon fixation quantity in the order of 1Gt-C/y. (NEDO)

Test and research on the production of useful matter with carbon-dioxide-fixed microorganisms. Production of biodegradation plastics with photosynthesized microorganisms. Tansan gas kotei biseibutsu wo mochiita yuyo busshitsu seisan shiken kenkyu. Kogosei biseibutsu ni yoru seibunkaisei plastic seisan

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Miyasaka, H. (The Kansai Electric Power Co. Inc., Osaka (Japan))

1994-07-10

The present report introduces the basic research on the production of PHB (one of the biodegradation plastics) by utilizing the photosynthesized microorganisms. The indigo algae are conveniently used for the genetic operation, because they are genetically inferior and have plasmid (extranuclear ringed DNA). Therefore, a certain type of oceanic indigo algae was used for the present research. As a vector to introduce the PHB-producing gene into the indigo alga cell, hybrid plasmid was prepared by combining the indigo alga plasmid pAQ1 with colon bacillus plasmid vectors pUC19. The thus prepared vectors had an introduction efficiency into about 1000 cells per one vector. A RuBisCO gene of indigo alga cell was selected as a promoter to heighten the activity of PHB-producing gene in that cell. The gene is being further studied in promotion efficiency by combining it with the above vector and PHB-producing gene. 4 figs.

Fiscal 1999 achievement report on regional consortium research and development project. Regional consortium research and development in its 3rd year (Research and development of process change accommodating flexible robot technology); 1999 nendo kotei tekiogata flexible robot gijutsu ni kansuru kenkyu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. 3

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2000-03-01

A prototype force control piston insertion device which does not need jigs is built for use on the assembly line. An extensive reduction in investment for automated facilities is expected to realize because jigs conventionally required for each size are dispensed with. For expanding the scope of force control application, the device is verified for serviceability by use of a 5-axis robot and a visual servo control technique. A combination of vibration control and tracking control is applied to an integrated simulation/experiment environment. For the processing of inner force sensor data, a pseudo contact point monitoring technique is used. A wire type tactile sensor is proposed, which has a flexible-structure moment detector in which a flexible beam like a piano wire is the probe. For the inspection of ICs (integrated circuits), a passive compliance unit and a force control based flexible inserter are fabricated, to be used for a reduction in the number of no-good contacts. Technologies of shock absorption aided by robot terminal device tactile sense and of virtual damper control for shortening the setting time are verified for their validity by use of the IC inspecting inserter. (NEDO)

Report on the survey in fiscal 1998. 2. Investigation in fiscal 1998 on biological fixation process of CO{sub 2} utilizing arid areas and oligotrophic sea areas; 1998 nendo kansochi, hin'eiyo kaiiki wo riyoshita seibutsuteki CO{sub 2} kotei ni kansuru chosa. 2

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1999-03-01

An investigation was carried out subsequent to fiscal 1997 on biological CO2 fixation process. Western Australia was investigated for afforestation in an arid area. Eighty-eight percent of the total amount of ground surface biomass is found on trees having a height of 4 m or higher. Plants in Sturt Meadows were classified into 16 kinds, and biomass amount in each kind was estimated. Water management was discussed as a possibility of applying the element technologies in arid area afforestation. Different technical proposals on desert planting were also discussed. With regard to oceans, problems and effects are described on fertilization by sprinkling wide area of ocean with nutrient salts for CO2 fixation by means of the ecosystem. Nutrient salt addition is effective in increasing production of organic matters, but what is important is the understanding about food network balance and elementary process of the ecosystem. Composition of organic matters migrating into greater depths is one of the important parameters. A proposal was made on a system evaluation project including fertilizer application by means of closed system experiments for promotion of CO2 fixation and utilization of the produced organic matters in multiple aspects. The project includes balancing experiments on marine ecosystems including coral reefs. Modeling is also important (NEDO)

Report on the survey in fiscal 1998. 2. Investigation in fiscal 1998 on biological fixation process of CO{sub 2} utilizing arid areas and oligotrophic sea areas; 1998 nendo kansochi, hin'eiyo kaiiki wo riyoshita seibutsuteki CO{sub 2} kotei ni kansuru chosa. 2

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1999-03-01

An investigation was carried out subsequent to fiscal 1997 on biological CO2 fixation process. Western Australia was investigated for afforestation in an arid area. Eighty-eight percent of the total amount of ground surface biomass is found on trees having a height of 4 m or higher. Plants in Sturt Meadows were classified into 16 kinds, and biomass amount in each kind was estimated. Water management was discussed as a possibility of applying the element technologies in arid area afforestation. Different technical proposals on desert planting were also discussed. With regard to oceans, problems and effects are described on fertilization by sprinkling wide area of ocean with nutrient salts for CO2 fixation by means of the ecosystem. Nutrient salt addition is effective in increasing production of organic matters, but what is important is the understanding about food network balance and elementary process of the ecosystem. Composition of organic matters migrating into greater depths is one of the important parameters. A proposal was made on a system evaluation project including fertilizer application by means of closed system experiments for promotion of CO2 fixation and utilization of the produced organic matters in multiple aspects. The project includes balancing experiments on marine ecosystems including coral reefs. Modeling is also important (NEDO)

Achievement report for fiscal 1998 on area consortium research and development business, 2nd year. Area consortium research and development (research and development of process-compatible flexible robot technology); 1998 nendo chiiki consortium kenkyu kaihatsu. Kotei tekiogata flexible robot gijutsu ni kansuru kenkyu kaihatsu (dai 2 nendo)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1999-03-01

To increase international competitiveness, the construction of highly productive systems capable of autonomously accommodating changes in manufacturing processes is indispensable. Robot technologies for flexible, robotized manufacturing lines will be established, and robotization will be promoted in industries related with transportation equipment and semiconductor in and near Kumamoto City. Optimization is to be achieved in such processes as IC chip insertion so that piston insertion into a cylinder with but an extremely little gap between them will be performed without scratches on the cylinder walls and that no plastic deformation will occur in the initial lack of positional correspondence. The technological tasks to be carried out include position detection based on visual information and skill making up, micro-force sensor of great precision and flexible force control, coordinated control of different types of robots, flexible handling mechanism, and integration of different techniques based on an information management system. The control of force now being exercised by humans will be reviewed from a new point of view and harmonization will be established between the human endeavor and sensing devices. Conceptual designs will be completed by the fiscal year end, with efforts concentrated on two prototypes, one for assembly lines and the other for IC inspection. (NEDO)

Achievement report for fiscal 1999 on development of technology to promote reduction of discharge of dioxins. Development of technology to reduce discharge of dioxins in steel manufacturing processes; 1999 nendo dioxin rui haishutsu sakugen sokushin gijutsu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Seiko kotei ni okeru dioxin rui haishutsu sakugen gijutsu kaihatsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2001-03-01

Research and development has been performed on a scrap melting process to make dioxins emission concentration to 0.2 ng-TEQ/Nm{sup 3} or less in steel making electric furnaces. The testing facility is of semi-sealed structure, consisting of an arc dissolution furnace, an exhaust gas combustion section, an auxiliary combustion chamber, and a quenching chamber. In the arc dissolution chamber, oxygen and coke are blown in at the same time as turning the arc power supply on, and then secondary combustion air was blown in to burn carbon monoxide gas generated from steel melting. The temperature was raised to about 850 degrees C at which dioxins are decomposed in the auxiliary combustion chamber, and then quenched to 200 degrees C or lower in the quenching chamber to prevent recombination of dioxins. As a result of the test, the exhaust gas temperature after the combustion was estimated to have reached about 900 degrees C at which dioxins are decomposed. In addition, because it was possible to control the exhaust gas temperature at the outlet of the auxiliary combustion chamber to about 850 degrees C and the exhaust gas temperature at the outlet of the quenching chamber to 200 degrees C or lower, the dioxins concentration at the outlet of the quenching chamber was reduced successfully to the targeted value or lower. (NEDO)

Fiscal 1983 Sunshine Program achievement report. Development for practical application of photovoltaic system (Verification of experimental low cost silicon refining - Development of technology for chlorosilane hydrogen-reduction process); 1983 nendo taiyoko hatsuden system jitsuyoka gijutsu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Tei cost silicon jikken seisei kensho (Chlorosilane no suiso kangen kotei no gijutsu kaihatsu)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1984-03-01

The effort aims to develop a reactor and its peripheral devices and process management technology therefor and to develop chlorosilane hydrogen-reduction process technology as part of the endeavors to develop a low cost production process for silicon for photovoltaic cells for the purpose of building a model plant capable of approximately 10 tons/year in terms of SOG (spin on glass) silicon. A study is made of ten operations (total reaction time of 2,264 hours), and it turns out that the electric power consumption efficiency is near the initially planned value. The yield of Si is, however, but 16.5% which is lower than the initially planned value of 20%. The value is elevated to 18% by raising the reactor temperature. To prevent overcleaning, a reactor with its internal walls experimentally coated with SiC is tested. The problems with devices other than the reactor tube are extraction rendered difficult by anomalously grown granules and processing devices choked by Si powder contained in waste gas after reaction. The first problem is settled by modifying the extraction tube but the other still needs a remedy. The produced granules are found to be high in quality. The seed producing roll crusher is operated for a total of 92 hours yielding 857kg in total. (NEDO)

Fiscal 1982 Sunshine Program achievement report. Development for practical application of photovoltaic system (Verification of experimental low cost silicon refining - Development of technology for chlorosilane hydrogen-reduction process); 1982 nendo taiyoko hatsuden system jitsuyoka gijutsu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Tei cost silicon jikken seisei kensho (Chlorosilane no suiso kangen kotei no gijutsu kaihatsu)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1983-03-01

The effort aims to develop a reactor and its peripheral devices and process management technology therefor and to develop chlorosilane hydrogen-reduction process technology as part of the endeavors to develop a low cost production process for silicon for photovoltaic cells for the purpose of building a model plant capable of approximately 10 tons/year in terms of SOG (spin on glass) silicon. The installation of a 10 tons/year class model plant for SOG-Si production is completed in July 1982. Flaws are removed after a test run, and four reactions are accomplished without damage on the reactor tube in the period from February-end to March-beginning marking 550 hours of operation in total. Thanks to the four operations, 1,086kg of granules are experimentally produced and an electric power consumption rate of 30.6KWH/kg Si is achieved, control of the flowing particle amount by reactor differential pressure is accomplished and the same of the yield by recovered silane liquid composition analysis, and essence is seized of operation control technologies. In an experimental apparatus for seed production, Si is crushed by a roll crusher and then subjected to separation by a quartz-made air elutriator. A high yield of 130kg is obtained after crushing for 75 hours. (NEDO)

FY 2000 report on the promotion projects by Research Institute of Innovative Technology for the Earth. Proceedings of the international seminar (Reports on photosynthetic CO2-assimilating enzymes by the international workshops); 2000 nendo chikyu kankyo sangyo gijutsu kaihatsu suishin jigyo kokusai seminar jigyo shiryo. Kogosei CO2 kotei koso kokusai workshop hokokusho

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2001-03-01

Described herein are the reports on photosynthetic CO2-assimilating enzymes, presented to the international symposium. These enzymes are important for assimilating CO2 in air, maintaining the environments and production of foods. For genes and proteins, the topics include diversification and function evolution of the RuBisCO (ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase) in the natural environments, in particular in microorganisms. For activity regulation of PEPC, the topics include three-dimensional structures of PEPC and phosphorylation mechanisms and activity regulation therefor. For activity regulation of RuBisCO, the topics include post-translational activity of the enzymes (e.g., methylated enzyme); molecular regulation mechanisms involved in the biosynthesis and decomposition of RuBisCO; and activity regulation mechanisms in the chloroplast. For leaf photosynthesis and RuBisCO, the topics include importance of enzymes and involved in-vivo reaction steps for leaf photosynthesis CO2 assimilation reactions. For function of PEPC, the topics include the biochemically and molecular biologically necessary and sufficient conditions for the C4 mechanism as the special photosynthesis mechanism. For transgenic approaches, the topics include procedure for allowing the RuBisCO gene of a dissimilar organism to function in the tobacco chloroplast, and introduction of enzymes involved in the C4 photosynthesis pathway in C3 plants. (NEDO)

Achievement report for fiscal 1981 Sunshine Program on development of practical application technologies for photovoltaic power systems. Test production and verification of solar panels (Development of polycrystalline substrate process technologies); 1981 nendo taiyoko hatsuden system jitsuyoka gijutsu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Taiyo denchi panel jikken seisaku kensho (takessho kiban kotei no gijutsu kaihatsu)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1982-03-01

Studies are conducted to enlarge the diameter of polycrystalline Si castings and to develop a low-loss slicing method using silicon nitride powder as mold releasing agent. The apparatus for Czochralski's pulling process is improved and tested using SEG (selective epitaxial growth) Si, and now the casting of a 150mm-diameter ingot is feasible. Also, test production of a 94mm-square wafer as specified by NEDO (New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization) is successfully carried out. Difficulties in separating the mold releasing agent from the crucible are solved by changing the Si{sub 3}N{sub 4} power solution from PVA (polyvinyl alcohol) to ethyl silicate. The design, manufacture, and installation of the important parts of the system for the mass production of castings are now complete. The crucible is designed to be movable relative to the heater section, and the molten Si is allowed to cool and solidify from the bottom upward. In relation with the development of low-cost wafer manufacturing technologies, low-loss slicing methods are studied. It is concluded that under the current circumstances a multi-blade saw is more promising than the multi-wire saw in view of the damaged slice rate, processing speed, operating cost, and maintainability. (NEDO)

Fiscal 1985 Sunshine Program achievement report. Development for practical application of photovoltaic system (Verification of experimental low cost silicon refining - Development of technology for chlorosilane hydrogen-reduction process); 1985 nendo taiyoko hatsuden system jitsuyoka gijutsu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Tei cost silicon jikken seisei kensho (chlorosilane no suiso kangen kotei no gijutsu kaihatsu)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1986-03-01

The operation continues of the experimental device capable of producing 10 tons/year of SOG (spun on glass)-Si, and efforts are under way to carry out improvements, to verify such improvements for the results, and to develop operation control technologies. During the operation, improvements are made with respect to the length of stable operation period, granule quality, and device operation, and the results are verified. An automated control test system is verified, and a reactor tube newly developed by Shin-Etsu Chemical Company is subjected to a durability verification test. On the other hand, development is started of SiC-CVD (chemical vapor deposition) technology for materials for large reactor tubes, studies are started on a basic experimental device, basic studies are conducted for designing a large reactor, and investigations are conducted of a large plant conceptual design, an automated control system for reactors, and so forth. The results achieved are all found to be satisfactory. Above all, the granule quality is improved to be quite high in purity, and a cast cell made from improved granules exhibits a photoelectric conversion efficiency to exceed 13%. It is also found that the newly developed reactor tube is stronger than conventional reactor tubes and will be advantageous over others in the future enlargement of devices. (NEDO)

Fiscal 1986 Sunshine Program achievement report. Development for practical application of photovoltaic system (Verification of experimental low cost silicon refining - Development of technology for chlorosilane hydrogen-reduction process); 1986 nendo taiyoko hatsuden system jitsuyoka gijutsu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Tei cost silicon jikken seisei kensho (Chlorosilane no suiso kangen kotei no gijutsu kaihatsu)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1987-03-01

The aim is to develop a fluidized bed reactor high in productivity and low in power consumption for the realization of mass production of low cost polycrystalline silicon usable for solar cell construction. An experimental device capable of producing 10 tons/year of SOG (spun on glass)-Si is built and operated. The fluidized bed reactor treating trichlorosilane as the material and the product quality achieve the initially set goals, and the essence is seized of operation management technology. In fiscal 1986, for development of the technology into a practical application technology, designs are prepared for a larger reactor unit and a large plant of the commercial scale. From the viewpoints of production efficiency and cost, the enlargement of a reactor unit is an inevitable task to discharge before practical application. There are two challenges to meet. One is the development of technologies for manufacturing large reactor tubes strong enough to withstand practical service and the other the development of a reactor structure fit for dimensional enlargement. It is then found that the concept of an economically optimum design relative to device series or device block formation is variable in the case of large plants, dependent on the scale of production, and that therefore it is necessary to arrange problems in a proper order to facilitate further deliberation. (NEDO)

Fiscal 1987 Sunshine Program achievement report. Development for practical application of photovoltaic system (Verification of experimental low cost silicon refining - Development of technology for chlorosilane hydrogen-reduction process); 1987 nendo taiyoko hatsuden system jitsuyoka gijutsu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Tei cost silicon jikken seisei kensho (Chlorosilane no suiso kangen kotei no gijutsu kaihatsu)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1988-03-01

Since its construction in 1982, the experimental device capable of 10 tons/year production of SOG (spun on glass)-Si has been in operation, and the trichlorosilane processing fluidized bed reactor has achieved its goals in performance and product quality. Element studies continue for the enlargement of the reactor unit for practical application and for the designing of a large plant of the commercially viable scale. In fiscal 1987, element studies are conducted for the enlargement of the reactor unit. Concerning the development of technologies for the manufacture of large reactor tubes strong enough to withstand practical application, efforts are made to strengthen materials for the fabrication of reactor element tubes (230mm and 500mm in diameter), to develop SiC-CVD (chemical vapor deposition) technology to provide reactor tube materials with resistance to corrosion, and to develop a single reactor tube structure indispensable for device enlargement. For the verification of such element technologies, in line with the study of experimental device operation capable of 10 tons/year SOG-Si production, studies are conducted on continuous stable operation technologies for the fluidized bed reactor, maintenance and improvement of product quality, and enhancement of durability of constituent parts and components. (NEDO)

Fiscal 1984 Sunshine Program achievement report. Development for practical application of photovoltaic system (Verification of experimental low cost silicon refining - Development of technology for chlorosilane hydrogen-reduction process); 1984 nendo taiyoko hatsuden system jitsuyoka gijutsu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Tei cost silicon jikken seisei kensho (chlorosilane no suiso kangen kotei no gijutsu kaihatsu)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1985-03-01

In fiscal 1984, studies are conducted for long-time stabilized operation of the device (extension of reactor tube service life, elimination of flaws in the granule extraction process, control of deposited silicon), improved granule quality (measures to deal with Cu pollution), cost reduction (improvement on yield of silicon after reaction, reduction in electric power consumption rate), and so forth. The results are found to be satisfactory in outline. The problem of strengthening the reactor tube material itself remains to be solved, however, with many knotty issues to settle before practical application. In the effort to deliberate these difficulties, as many as 4,377 hours (reaction hours) in total are spent in fiscal 1984. During the operation, 8.3 tons of granules are produced of which approximately 7 tons are fed to the next stage of processing. The quality of granules produced in this way is stable thanks to efforts to prevent pollution and to prolong continuous reaction time, and is found to satisfy NEDO (New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization) specifications. Furthermore, the cast cell and the ribbon cell using thus-produced granules achieve photoelectric conversion rates of 10% and 9%, respectively, thereby meeting the target goal of 9%. (NEDO)

Report of the results of the fiscal 1997 regional consortium R and D project. Regional consortium field / R and D on process adaptive type flexible robot technology (first fiscal year); 1997 nendo chiiki consortium kenkyu kaihatsu jigyo. Chiiki consortium bun`ya / kotei tekiogata flexible robot gijutsu ni kansuru kaihatsu (daiichi nendo) seika hokokusho

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1998-03-01

For the purpose of establishing robot technology required for the construction of a highly functional automation line with flexibility, the R and D were conducted. At Kumamoto University, a model following type power control system was studied into which polynominal trajectory formation algorithm was integrated. Also studied was damping control of robot arms in a disturbance environment. The following were further carried out: experimental verification (HIRATA Corporation) of the application of power control and intelligent control to transportation equipment production line, experimental verification (SAKURAI SEIGI Co. Ltd.) of the application of power control and intelligent control to semiconductor testing equipment, R and D (OMRON Corporation) of high accuracy force sensing and positioning system, research (Kumamoto Technopolis Foundation) on flexible arms/hands suitable for cooperative control, sensor-based skill (Electrotechnical Laboratory), research (Kyushu National Industrial Research Institute) on tactual system and tactual sensing, etc. 20 refs., 86 figs., 14 tabs.

Development of hot water utilizing power plants in fiscal 1999. Development of binary cycle power plant (Development of system to detect well bottom information when geothermal hot water is excavated); 1999 nendo nessui riyo hatsuden plant nado kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Binary cycle hatsuden plant no kaihatsu (chinetsusei kussakuji kotei joho kenchi system no kaihatsu)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2000-03-01

Developmental research has been performed on the MWD system to identify on the real time basis the information about well bottom when geothermal hot water is excavated (azimuth, inclination, pressure and temperature). This paper summarizes the achievements in fiscal 1999. In the developmental research on the detection device, attempts were made in improving the zonde, and enhancing its heat resisting performance. In addition, data were acquired on electronics parts as a result of the heat resistance identifying test. For the on-the-ground devices, improvement was made to add the experiment analyzing program with a program to remove the downhole motor pressure noise. The pressure noise during excavation in the actual wells was collected. In the analyzing system, use of PC, improvement, and operation check were performed on the well trace projecting and indicating system. Operation of the well trace estimating system was checked by using the actual data in order to prepare the operation manual. With regard to the well evaluation supporting system, improvement, operation check and that by using the actual data were executed on the PC version temperature analyzing system. Performance of the zonde was verified by the actual geothermal well test. (NEDO)

Achievement report for fiscal 1999 on development of 'technology to promote reduction of discharge of dioxins and development of technology to suppress discharge of dioxins in aluminum product manufacturing processes'; 1999 nendo dioxine rui haishutsu sakugen sokushin gijutsu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Aluminium seihin seizo kotei ni okeru dioxin rui no haishutsu yokusei seigyo no kaihatsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2001-03-01

Research and development has been performed with an objective to reduce discharge of dioxins in aluminum product manufacturing processes. With regard to the quantity of chlorine used in aluminum molten metal refining process, the refining tests using 100% chlorine gas and the mixed gas (nitrogen gas mixed at 80%) revealed that either gas has approximately the same degassing performance, and the use of the mixed gas can reduce the amount of chlorine used. Dioxin concentrations in the gas discharged from the refining process were measured under the refining condition using less amount of chlorine. As a result, it was verified that, in the case of using 20% chlorine gas plus 80% nitrogen gas, the concentrations of dioxins decrease to about l/6, or 0.6 ng-TEQ/N{sup 3}. The studies on suppressing the discharge of dioxins from the facility to wash chlorine treatment exhaust gas discovered that dioxin concentration in the scrubber circulating solution can be suppressed to 1/10 or less by means of gravity precipitation and separation of the suspended liquid. It was also made clear that pH should preferably be controlled to 10.5 to separate suspended substances from the precipitated solution. (NEDO)

Fiscal 1980-1987 Sunshine Program achievement reports. Development for practical application of photovoltaic system (Verification of experimental low cost silicon refining - Overview: Development of technology for chlorosilane hydrogen-reduction process); 1980-1987 nendo taiyoko hatsuden system jitsuyoka gijutsu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Tei cost silicon jijkken seisei kensho sokatsuban (chlorosilane no suiso kangen kotei no gijutsu kaihatsu)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1988-11-01

The chlorosilane hydrogen-reduction technology development period may be divided into the first phase (fiscal 1980-1985) and the second phase (fiscal 1986-1988). During the former phase, efforts were exerted to develop a small experimental device (10 tons/year class) and technologies to operate the same. Important challenges were to cause reaction to occur only on the seed grains in the reactor and to create a proper material for the reactor tube. In the latter phase, element technologies were developed, indispensable for the development of a practical reactor. Endeavors exerted to solve these challenges were the development of a high-strength large-diameter reactor tube, the development of an SiC-CVD (chemical vapor deposition) coating technology, and the development of a technology to join parts to the ceramic-made reactor tube. After eight years' striving, a fluidized bed reactor has been successfully constructed, capable of continuously reducing trichlorosilane by hydrogen. The success promises stable production and supply of polycrystalline silicon. The SOG (spun on glass)-Si produced by the reactor is pure enough to serve the purpose of photovoltaics, and its unit cost has been lowered as initially intended. (NEDO)

Achievement report for fiscal 1981 on the development of solar energy technologies for the development of practical application technologies for photovoltaic power systems. Experimental fabrication of solar cell panels and verification thereof (Development of technologies for panel assembly process); 1981 nendo taiyo energy gijutsu kenkyu kaihatsu seika hokokusho (taiyoko hatsuden system jitsuyoka gijutsu kaihatsu). Taiyo denchi panel jikken seisaku kensho (panel kumitate kotei no gijutsu kaihatsu)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1982-03-01

In a study of cell array connection process, continuous and automatic connection of cells is named as the basic concept in view of low cost and high reliability. In the designing of details of cell strings, CZ (Czochralski) cell dimensions are reviewed for cell packaging efficiency improvement, interconnectors and wiring are examined for a easier packaging process, and solder connection is thought over for utility cost reduction. Conditions are established for string fabrication process details. In the study of the panel packaging process, panel package designing is carried out and a dedicated mechanical device is installed. In the study of the inspection process and plant system, data are collected, necessary for the construction and adjustment of an inspection device. Research is conducted on the layout of plant facilities, on required utilities, and on facilities operating state signals to be transmitted to the central control unit. As for an inspection jig supply system, transfer system, and storage rack, they are designed, built, and installed. The plant house is now complete. (NEDO)

Achievement report for fiscal 1981 on New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization-entrusted projects. Solar energy technology research and development; solar panel experiment, manufacture, and verification (Photovoltaic power system practical application technology; ribbon-type crystal substrate process technology); 1981 nendo taiyo energy gijutsu kenkyu kaihatsu seika hokokusho (taiyoko hatsuden system jitsuyoka gijutsu kaihatsu). Taiyo denchi panel jikken seisaku kensho (ribon kessho kiban kotei no gijutsu kaihatsu)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1982-03-01

Carried over from the preceding fiscal year are the development of ribbon crystal pulling technology and the studies of ribbon crystal substrate quality and plant operation. In the development of ribbon crystal pulling process, a pulling drive is built and the limiter mechanism is strengthened for improvement on ribbon crystal flatness, technologies are established for high-speed pulling of broad ribbon crystals, pulling system prototype is built, after-annealing technique is improved for eliminating distortion, and technologies are developed for continuous feeding of raw materials. In the quality examination of ribbon crystal substrates, a method is tested and studied for bringing about a decrease in the number of SiC grains. The object of the plant operation study is a plant capable of producing 250kW-equivalent ribbon crystals a year, and the efforts involve the ribbon pulling system, rough cutter, real-size cutter, etching unit, shape checker, packing, devices for production lines such as warehouses for products, electric power, gas, water, peripheral equipment for waste water treatment etc., ribbon specifications check, quality related assistance equipment to deal with unacceptable products etc., pollution-preventing facilities for the preservation of production environments, and plant buildings. (NEDO)

Fiscal 1997 report on the results of the New Sunshine Project subsidiary operation. Development of the geothermal water use power plant, etc. (development of the binary cycle power plant / development of the geothermal well MWD system); 1997 nendo New Sunshine keikaku hojo jigyo seika hokokusho. Nessui riyo hatsuden plant nado kaihatsu (binary cycle hatsuden plant no kaihatsu (chinetsusei kussakuji kotei joho kenchi system no kaihatsu))

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1998-03-01

For the purpose of improving efficiency and accuracy in geothermal well drilling, the development was conducted of an MWD (measuring while drilling) which detects borehole information in real time. In fiscal 1997, the following R and D were carried out. As to the downhole equipment, the actual well experiment on the sonde was conducted to confirm the basic performance. The design improvement, trial fabrication and experiment were conducted on mud pulse generating valve driving control equipment, bore hole signal processing unit and temperature correction circuit portion in the sonde. Concerning electronic parts, a heat resistance confirming test was conducted for data collection/assessment. Further, jigs were fabricated for tests to confirm working of each equipment. Relating to the ground equipment, conducted were improvement of the decoded program and betterment of the analytical system and interface. As to the development of the analytical system, data on depth were added to the azimuth/inclination obtained from MWD, which enabled indication of a well drilling tracing chart while drilling. 92 figs., 43 tabs.

Fiscal 1995 report on the results of the subsidy operation under the Sunshine Project on the development of a geothermal water use power plant, etc. Development of the binary cycle power plant (development of the measurement while drilling system for geothermal wells); 1995 nendo New Sunshine keikaku hojo jigyo seika hokokusho. Nessui riyo hatsuden plant nado kaihatsu (binary cycle hatsuden plant no kaihatsu (chinetsusei kussakuji kotei joho kenchi system no kaihatsu))

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1996-03-01

The R and D were conducted of a detection system for measurement of data on the bottom hole of geothermal well, data transmission and signal processing, and an analysis system for well drilling trajectory control and well assessment while drilling of geothermal wells based on the data obtained by the detection system, and the results were reported of the technical development in fiscal 1995. In the development of the downhole detection unit, the following developments were conducted: mud pulse generator, bottomhole signal processor, mode switches, inclination information sensor, power source, measures against vibration/shock, sonde external equipment, tests to confirm heat resistance of electronic parts, and design/manufacture of testing devices. In the development of the surface detection unit, the development was made of experimental analysis program, interface program, and simulation. In the development of the analysis system, as a well trajectory control support system, made were a trajectory planning/display system and a trajectory prediction system. As a downhole assessment support system, made were a temperature analysis system and a pressure analysis system. 4 refs., 298 figs., 88 tabs.

Fiscal 1996 report on the results of the subsidy operation under the Sunshine Project on the development of a geothermal water use power plant, etc. Development of the binary cycle power plant (development of the measurement while drilling system for geothermal wells); 1996 nendo New Sunshine keikaku hojo jigyo seika hokokusho. Nessui riyo hatsuden plant nado kaihatsu (binary cycle hatsuden plant no kaihatsu (chinetsusei kussakuji kotei joho kenchi system no kaihatsu))

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1997-03-01

The R and D were carried out of a detecting system for measurement of data on the bottom of geothermal well, data transmission and signal processing, and an analysis system for well drilling trajectory control and well assessment while geothermal well drilling based on the data obtained by the detecting system. The paper reported the results of the technology development in fiscal 1996. In the development of the detecting system, improvement/design were conducted on a mud pulse generator constituting sonde, well bottom signal processing equipment, mode switch and inclined information sensor, and the system equivalent to the actual one was manufactured to conduct a running test at high temperature/pressure. Moreover, a test to confirm heat resistance of electronic parts was made for further improvement in heat resistance of the sonde, in order to obtain the data. In the development of an analysis system, conducted were enhancement of operability of the planning/indication portions of the well drilling trajectory supporting system, improvement of the data intake system, etc. In relation to the well assessment supporting system, carried out were heightening of operability of the temperature analysis portion and confirmation of accuracy increase. 5 refs., 253 figs., 72 tabs.

The Doryctinae (Braconidae) of Costa Rica: genera and species of the tribe Heterospilini.

Science.gov (United States)

Marsh, Paul M; Wild, Alexander L; Whitfield, James B

2013-01-01

A comprehensive taxonomic study is presented for the four genera and 286 species of the doryctine tribe Heterospilini occurring in Costa Rica. The tribe is represented almost entirely by the 280 species of the genus Heterospilus Haliday. Keys for identification of the genera and species are provided and the genera and species are described and illustrated. An interactive key to the species of Heterospilus also was prepared using Lucid Builder. The following new genus and species are described from Costa Rica: Paraheterospilus gen. n., P. ceciliaensis sp. n., P. eumekus sp. n., P. wilbotgardus sp. n., Heterospilus achi sp. n., H. achterbergi sp. n., H. aesculapius sp. n., H. agujas sp. n., H. agujasensis sp. n., H. alajuelus sp. n., H. albocoxalis sp. n., H. alejandroi sp. n., H. amuzgo sp. n., H. angelicae sp. n., H. angustus sp. n., H. aphrodite sp. n., H. apollo sp. n., H. arawak sp. n., H. areolatus sp. n., H. artemis sp. n., H. athena sp. n., H. attraholucus sp. n., H. aubreyae sp. n., H. austini sp. n., H. azofeifai sp. n., H. bacchus sp. n., H. barbalhoae sp. n., H. bennetti sp. n., H. bicolor sp. n., H. boharti sp. n., H. borucas sp. n., H. braeti sp. n., H. brethesi sp. n., H. breviarius sp. n., H. brevicornus sp. n., H. bribri sp. n., H. brullei sp. n., H. bruesi sp. n., H. cabecares sp. n., H. cacaoensis sp. n., H. cachiensis sp. n., H. cameroni sp. n., H. cangrejaensis sp. n., H. careonotaulus sp. n., H. caritus sp. n., H. carolinae sp. n., H. cartagoensis sp. n., H. catiensis sp. n., H. catorce sp. n., H. cero sp. n., H. chaoi sp. n., H. chilamatensis sp. n., H. chocho sp. n., H. chorotegus sp. n., H. chorti sp. n., H. cinco sp. n., H. cocopa sp. n., H. colliletus sp. n., H. colonensis sp. n., H. complanatus sp. n., H. conservatus sp. n., H. cora sp. n., H. corcovado sp. n., H. corrugatus sp. n., H. costaricensis sp. n., H. cressoni sp. n., H. cuatro sp. n., H. curtisi sp. n., H. cushmani sp. n., H. dani sp. n., H. demeter sp. n., H. dianae sp. n., H

The Doryctinae (Braconidae of Costa Rica: genera and species of the tribe Heterospilini

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Paul Marsh

2013-11-01

Full Text Available A comprehensive taxonomic study is presented for the four genera and 286 species of the doryctine tribe Heterospilini occurring in Costa Rica. The tribe is represented almost entirely by the 280 species of the genus Heterospilus Haliday. Keys for identification of the genera and species are provided and the genera and species are described and illustrated. An interactive key to the species of Heterospilus also was prepared using Lucid Builder. The following new genus and species are described from Costa Rica: Paraheterospilus gen. n., P. ceciliaensis sp. n., P. eumekus sp. n., P. wilbotgardus sp. n., Heterospilus achi sp. n., H. achterbergi sp. n., H. aesculapius sp. n., H. agujas sp. n., H. agujasensis sp. n., H. alajuelus sp. n., H. albocoxalis sp. n., H. alejandroi sp. n., H. amuzgo sp. n., H. angelicae sp. n., H. angustus sp. n., H. aphrodite sp. n., H. apollo sp. n., H. arawak sp. n., H. areolatus sp. n., H. artemis sp. n., H. athena sp. n., H. attraholucus sp. n., H. aubreyae sp. n., H. austini sp. n., H. azofeifai sp. n., H. bacchus sp. n., H. barbalhoae sp. n., H. bennetti sp. n., H. bicolor sp. n., H. boharti sp. n., H. borucas sp. n., H. braeti sp. n., H. brethesi sp. n., H. breviarius sp. n., H. brevicornus sp. n., H. bribri sp. n., H. brullei sp. n., H. bruesi sp. n., H. cabecares sp. n., H. cacaoensis sp. n., H. cachiensis sp. n., H. cameroni sp. n., H. cangrejaensis sp. n., H. careonotaulus sp. n., H. caritus sp. n., H. carolinae sp. n., H. cartagoensis sp. n., H. catiensis sp. n., H. catorce sp. n., H. cero sp. n., H. chaoi sp. n., H. chilamatensis sp. n., H. chocho sp. n., H. chorotegus sp. n., H. chorti sp. n., H. cinco sp. n., H. cocopa sp. n., H. colliletus sp. n., H. colonensis sp. n., H. complanatus sp. n., H. conservatus sp. n., H. cora sp. n., H. corcovado sp. n., H. corrugatus sp. n., H. costaricensis sp. n., H. cressoni sp. n., H. cuatro sp. n., H. curtisi sp. n., H. cushmani sp. n., H. dani sp. n., H. demeter sp. n., H