Mecanismos de desgaste en refractarios de colada continua asociados al efecto Marangoni

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Brandaleze, E.

2005-12-01

Full Text Available Nozzle wear during continuous casting process is caused by physical and chemical reasons and also by refractory quality. A post mortem study on a sample of Al₂O₃ - graphite nozzle with a ZrO₂ insert allows to identify the present wear mechanisms. Different cyclic stages are carried out due to recurrent changes of interfacial tension and fluid convection. When the surface tension promote the refractory wetting by the steel, graphite of the nozzle surface is lost. Then, grains of ZrO₂ and of Al₂O₃ are dissolved by slag contact. This type of wear is associated with the Marangoni effect. Light and electronic microscopy was used to observe the refractory structure and by a cathodoluminiscence technique phases transformations under process conditions are determined.

Las buzas sumergidas se erosionan durante el proceso de la colada continua, debido a causas físicas, químicas y a la calidad del refractario. El estudio post mortem de una buza de Al₂O₃ -grafito con inserto de ZrO₂ permite identificar los mecanismos de desgaste presentes, que ocurren por etapas debido a cambios cíclicos de tensión interfacial y convección de fluidos. Cuando la tensión superficial favorece la mojabilidad del refractario por el acero, la buza pierde grafito de la superficie. Luego, los granos de ZrO₂ y de Al₂O₃ se disuelven al ser mojados por la escoria. Este desgaste está asociado al efecto Marangoni. Se observa la microestructura mediante microscopía óptica y electrónica y, por catodoluminiscencia, se determinan las transformaciones de fases ocurridas en condiciones de proceso.

Rigidez e resistência de vigas estruturais de madeira laminada colada e com perfil I compostas por diferentes adesivos.

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Alexsandro Bayestorff da Cunha

2010-08-01

Full Text Available A madeira sempre foi utilizada estruturalmente na construção civil na forma sólida, com baixo grau de processamento e inovação tecnológica e, muitas vezes, em outros componentes como em pisos, paredes e telhados. Entretanto, a mudança nos padrões adotados envolveu o aperfeiçoamento da tecnologia, bem como a mudança do conceito estético e funcional requerido nas construções. Dessa forma, surgiram as vigas estruturais em madeira como a Madeira Laminada Colada (MLC e com Perfil em I que apresentam uma série de vantagens como à alta resistência em relação ao seu peso. O objetivo geral do presente estudo foi avaliar o efeito do tipo de adesivo sobre a resistência e rigidez de vigas estruturais de Madeira Laminada Colada (MLC e com perfil em I de Pinus taeda. Os adesivos utilizados no experimento foram a Resorcina Fenol Formaldeído (RFF, a Melamina Uréia Formaldeído (MUF e o Poliuretano (PUR. O processo de fabricação das vigas envolveu a classificação das peças, fabricação de emendas, junção, montagem e prensagem. Os ensaios envolveram a avaliação das propriedades estruturais sob flexão como Módulo de Elasticidade (MOE e Ruptura (MOR. Na análise dos valores médios obtidos para as variáveis não foram encontradas diferenças significativas para as vigas de MLC, entretanto, nas vigas com perfil em I, verificouse a superioridade do adesivo PUR no valor médio do MOR. Em relação aos tipos e gramaturas de adesivos utilizados, observou-se que o adesivo RFF necessita de maior quantidade do produto para atender ao mecanismo da adesão, 500 g/m2. Dois parâmetros tornaram o adesivo PUR diferenciado em relação aos demais; o tempo de cura 24 vezes mais rápido, tornando-o mais vantajoso sob o ponto de vista de volume de produção e o tempo em aberto mais curto que requer procedimentos especiais. As vigas de MLC apresentaram valores médio superiores, mas a escolha do modelo de viga deve ser analisada cuidadosamente

Avaliação do módulo de elasticidade de peças de madeira laminada colada (MLC) obtido por meio do ensaio de vibração transversal

OpenAIRE

Segundinho,Pedro Gutemberg de Alcântara; Carreira,Marcelo Rodrigo; Calil Neto,Carlito; Regazzi,Adair José; Dias,Antonio Alves; Calil Junior,Carlito

2013-01-01

O controle da qualidade é fundamental no processo de fabricação de peças de madeira laminada colada (MLC), e uma das formas desse controle pode ser por meio da avaliação não destrutiva do módulo de elasticidade. O objetivo deste trabalho foi comparar os valores de módulo de elasticidade das peças de MLC obtidos por meio do ensaio de vibração transversal livre e do ensaio de flexão estática, ambos feitos antes e após tratamento preservativo (contra a ação de agentes biológicos), realizado pelo...

Valve-Sparing Root Replacement Compared With Composite Valve Graft Procedures in Patients With Aortic Root Dilation.

Science.gov (United States)

Ouzounian, Maral; Rao, Vivek; Manlhiot, Cedric; Abraham, Nachum; David, Carolyn; Feindel, Christopher M; David, Tirone E

2016-10-25

Although aortic valve-sparing (AVS) operations are established alternatives to composite valve graft (CVG) procedures for patients with aortic root aneurysms, comparative long-term outcomes are lacking. This study sought to compare the results of patients undergoing AVS procedures with those undergoing CVG operations. From 1990 to 2010, a total of 616 patients age Marfan syndrome and lower rates of bicuspid aortic valve than those undergoing bio-CVG or m-CVG procedures. In-hospital mortality (0.3%) and stroke rate (1.3%) were similar among groups. After adjusting for clinical covariates, both bio-CVG and m-CVG procedures were associated with increased long-term major adverse valve-related events compared with patients undergoing AVS (hazard ratio [HR]: 3.4, p = 0.005; and HR: 5.2, p valve-related complications when compared with bio-CVG and m-CVG. AVS is the treatment of choice for young patients with aortic root aneurysm and normal or near-normal aortic cusps. Copyright © 2016 American College of Cardiology Foundation. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Qualidade de juntas coladas com lâminas de madeira oriundas de três regiões do tronco de Eucalyptus grandis, Eucalyptus saligna e Pinus elliottii Quality of wood joints glued with wood veneers from three trunk regions of Eucalyptus grandis, Eucalyptus saligna and Pinus elliottii

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Benedito Rocha Vital

2006-08-01

Full Text Available Este experimento teve como objetivo avaliar a resistência de juntas coladas formadas pelas combinações de lâminas provenientes de três posições no tronco da madeira de Eucalyptus grandis, Eucalyptus saligna e Pinus elliottii. Foram empregados adesivos à base de poliacetato de vinila de média e alta viscosidade e resorcinol-formaldeído nas gramaturas de 150 g/m², em face simples para o poliacetato de vinila de média e alta viscosidades e 300 g/m², em face dupla, para o adesivo resorcinólico. O teor médio de umidade das lâminas, no momento da colagem, foi igual a 14%. Os valores médios mais elevados de resistência ao cisalhamento foram obtidos nas juntas produzidas com madeira de Eucalyptus saligna, coladas com adesivos de poliacetato de média viscosidade e resorcinol-formaldeído. A maior porcentagem de falha profunda na madeira foi obtida em juntas de madeira de Pinus elliottii, unidas com adesivo de poliacetato de alta viscosidade, seguidas das juntas de Eucalyptus grandis e coladas com adesivo de poliacetato de média viscosidade. As combinações de lâminas oriundas das seguintes posições no tronco: medula e casca, intermediária e casca e casca e casca resultaram em linhas de cola com maiores resistências ao cisalhamento.The objective of this work was to evaluate the shear strength of glued wood joints from pith, outer and intermediary wood of Eucalyptus saligna, Eucalyptus grandis and Pinus elliottii. High and medium viscosity polyvinyl acetate and resorcinol-phenol adhesives were applied at spread rate of 150 g/m² in single line and at spread rate of 300 g/m² in double glue line for the resorcinolic adhesive. The mean wood moisture content was 14%. Higher shear strength was obtained with Eucalyptus saligna veneer glued with medium viscosity polyvinyl resorcinolic adhesive. The highest percentage of wood failure was found on Pinus elliottii veneer glued with high viscosity polyvinyl acetate adhesive followed by

Resistência à tração de emendas dentadas de madeira de Manilkara huberi para o emprego em madeira laminada colada

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Julio Cesar Molina

Full Text Available Resumo A utilização de elementos estruturais de madeira laminada (ou lamelada colada (MLC requer um estudo experimental das combinações entre a espécie de madeira e o adesivo utilizado. Este trabalho objetivou o estudo da combinação espécie-adesivo na resistência a tração e na falha da linha de cola de corpos de prova de madeira de maçaranduba (Manilkara huberi confeccionados com e sem emendas dentadas finger joint. As colagens foram realizadas com lâminas sem tratamento preservativo, com aproximadamente 12% de umidade e com o emprego do adesivo mono-componente do tipo poliuretano Purbond HB 712. A gramatura de adesivo utilizada nas emendas dentadas foi linha simples de cola com aproximadamente 200 g m-2 e pressão de contato igual a 10 MPa. Após sete dias de cura do adesivo foram realizados testes de tração nos corpos de prova com e sem emendas dentadas, possibilitando julgar, também por meio da análise de variância, a eficiência das emendas testadas. Os resultados da experimentação revelaram a ineficiência da interface entre o adesivo e a madeira de analisada, pois a ruptura ocorreu na linha de cola, categorizando modo de ruptura do tipo 1, que corresponde à pior situação de falha.

Predicción de la dureza de aleaciones Al-Cu-Zn en estado de colada y templado

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Villegas-Cárdenas, José D.

2014-06-01

Full Text Available This work presents a new experimental and numerical methodology in order to predict the hardness in the as-cast, and solution treated and quenched Al-Cu-Zn alloys. Chemical composition of alloys is located inside two straight lines represented by two equations. Eight different compositions were selected from each line. All the alloys were characterized for light microscope, scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffraction and Rockwell B hardness test. The equilibrium phases were obtained at different temperatures by Thermo-Calc. The microstructure characterization and regression analysis enabled to determine the phase transformations and two equations of hardness assessment. The combination of hardness equations and composition line equations permitted to estimate the hardness of any alloy composition inside this zone. This was verified by calculating hardness with the information reported in other works, with an error lower than 7% in the estimated hardness.Este trabajo presenta una nueva metodología experimental y numérica para pronosticar la dureza de las aleaciones Al-Cu-Zn, tanto en estado de colada como solubilizadas y templadas, cuyas composiciones químicas se encuentren dentro de dos líneas limítrofes, representadas por dos ecuaciones. De cada una de las líneas limítrofes se seleccionaron ocho composiciones diferentes que se caracterizaron por metalografía óptica, microscopía electrónica de barrido, difracción de rayos X y dureza. Las fases en equilibrio a diferentes temperaturas se obtuvieron por medio del programa Thermo-Calc. De la caracterización microestructural y análisis de regresión se obtuvieron los diferentes cambios de fase y dos ecuaciones de dureza. Al combinar las ecuaciones de dureza con las ecuaciones limítrofes se puede deducir la dureza de cualquier aleación con composición química dentro de esta zona. Para comprobar la exactitud de este método, se pronosticó la dureza de aleaciones a partir de los

Mechanisms of chemical vapor generation by aqueous tetrahydridoborate. Recent developments toward the definition of a more general reaction model

Science.gov (United States)

D'Ulivo, Alessandro

2016-05-01

A reaction model describing the reactivity of metal and semimetal species with aqueous tetrahydridoborate (THB) has been drawn taking into account the mechanism of chemical vapor generation (CVG) of hydrides, recent evidences on the mechanism of interference and formation of byproducts in arsane generation, and other evidences in the field of the synthesis of nanoparticles and catalytic hydrolysis of THB by metal nanoparticles. The new "non-analytical" reaction model is of more general validity than the previously described "analytical" reaction model for CVG. The non-analytical model is valid for reaction of a single analyte with THB and for conditions approaching those typically encountered in the synthesis of nanoparticles and macroprecipitates. It reduces to the previously proposed analytical model under conditions typically employed in CVG for trace analysis (analyte below the μM level, borane/analyte ≫ 103 mol/mol, no interference). The non-analytical reaction model is not able to explain all the interference effects observed in CVG, which can be achieved only by assuming the interaction among the species of reaction pathways of different analytical substrates. The reunification of CVG, the synthesis of nanoparticles by aqueous THB and the catalytic hydrolysis of THB inside a common frame contribute to rationalization of the complex reactivity of aqueous THB with metal and semimetal species.

Synergetic enhancement effect of ionic liquid and diethyldithiocarbamate on the chemical vapor generation of nickel for its atomic fluorescence spectrometric determination in biological samples

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zhang Chuan; Li Yan; Wu Peng; Yan Xiuping

2009-01-01

Room-temperature ionic liquid in combination with sodium diethyldithiocarbamate (DDTC) was used to synergetically improve the chemical vapor generation (CVG) of nickel. Volatile species of nickel were effectively generated through reduction of acidified analyte solution with KBH 4 in the presence of 0.02% DDTC and 25 mmol L -1 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide ([C 4 mim]Br) at room temperature. Thus, a new flow injection (FI)-CVG-atomic fluorescence spectrometric (FI-CVG-AFS) method was developed for determination of nickel with a detection limit of 0.65 μg L -1 (3 s) and a sampling frequency of 180 h -1 . With consumption of 0.5 mL sample solution, an enhancement factor of 2400 was obtained. The precision (RSD) for eleven replicate determinations of 20 μg L -1 Ni was 3.4%. The developed FI-CVG-AFS method was successfully applied to determination of trace Ni in several certified biological reference materials.

Antenatal imaging of cutis verticis gyrata

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kennedy, Ana; Perry, David; Battin, Malcolm

2008-01-01

Cutis verticis gyrata (CVG) is a skin condition characterized by thick folds and deep furrows, resembling a cortical gyral pattern. There is a recognized but rare association with Noonan syndrome. We report the antenatal imaging, including three-dimensional surface-rendered sonography and MRI, of a fetus with CVG who was subsequently diagnosed with Noonan syndrome. The case illustrates the antenatal appearances of congenital CVG and the potential yield of antenatal imaging in excluding a major central nervous system anomaly. This is important because without prior knowledge of this condition and its imaging characteristics, it is possible to get a false impression of an underlying skull defect on mid-trimester imaging. (orig.)

Antenatal imaging of cutis verticis gyrata

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kennedy, Ana [Starship Hospital, Department of Paediatric Cardiology, Auckland (New Zealand); Perry, David [Starship Children' s Hospital, Radiology Department, Auckland (New Zealand); Battin, Malcolm [Auckland City Hospital, Newborn Services, National Women' s Health, Auckland (New Zealand); University of Auckland, Department of Paediatrics, Auckland (New Zealand)

2008-05-15

Cutis verticis gyrata (CVG) is a skin condition characterized by thick folds and deep furrows, resembling a cortical gyral pattern. There is a recognized but rare association with Noonan syndrome. We report the antenatal imaging, including three-dimensional surface-rendered sonography and MRI, of a fetus with CVG who was subsequently diagnosed with Noonan syndrome. The case illustrates the antenatal appearances of congenital CVG and the potential yield of antenatal imaging in excluding a major central nervous system anomaly. This is important because without prior knowledge of this condition and its imaging characteristics, it is possible to get a false impression of an underlying skull defect on mid-trimester imaging. (orig.)

Comparison of aortic root replacement in patients with Marfan syndrome.

Science.gov (United States)

Bernhardt, Alexander M J; Treede, Hendrik; Rybczynski, Meike; Sheikzadeh, Sara; Kersten, Jan F; Meinertz, Thomas; von Kodolitsch, Yskert; Reichenspurner, Hermann

2011-11-01

Although the aortic-valve-sparing (AVS) reimplantation technique according to David has shown favorable durability results in mid-term and long-term studies, composite valve grafting (CVG) according to Bentall is still considered the standard procedure. Retrospectively, we evaluated the results of aortic root replacement of patients with Marfan syndrome (MFS) who underwent surgery between January 1995 and January 2010. MFS was diagnosed using the Ghent criteria. AVS was used in 58 patients and CVG in 30 patients with MFS. AVS was done for aortic-root aneurysm (n=48) or aortic dissection type A (n=10). CVG was used for aortic-root aneurysm in 14 patients or aortic dissection type A in 16 patients. The mean follow-up was 3.2 (95% CI: 2.4-4.2) years. In both groups, 30-day mortality was 0%. Three patients (10.0%) in the CVG group required resternotomy for postoperative bleeding versus two patients (3.4%) in the AVS group (p=0.3). At follow-up, mortality was 10% in the CVG group versus 3.4% in the AVS group (p=0.3). Re-operation was required in two patients (3.4%) after AVS and in three patients after CVG (10%) (p=0.3). Three patients (10.0%) who underwent CVG had endocarditis and two patients (6.7%) had a stroke during follow-up, whereas no endocarditis and stroke occurred after AVS. After 14 years, stratified event-free survival was better in the AVS group (event-free survival was 82.3% vs 58.6%, log-rank test p=0.086), especially after aneurysm (p=0.057). After 10 years, freedom from aortic regurgitation ≥II° in the AVS group was 80% for aneurysm and 50% after dissection (p=0.524). The reimplantation technique according to David was associated with excellent survival, good valve function and a low rate of re-operation, endocarditis, and stroke. There was a trend to better event-free survival for AVS patients making it the procedure of choice in MFS patients. Copyright © 2011 European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights

Proposta de certificação de produtos em madeira laminada colada (Nota Científica. Certification in glued laminated (Scientific Note.

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Francisco Raphael Cabral FURTADO

2014-06-01

Full Text Available A Madeira Laminada Colada – MLC é um produto inovador de alto valor agregado, porém ainda não participa de programas de qualidade a exemplo do Programa Nacional de Qualidade da Madeira – PNQM e Programa Brasileiro da Qualidade e Produtividade do Habitat – PBQP-H. O presente trabalho visou oportunizar maior visibilidade ao produto em MLC, aferir maior segurança na sua concepção e utilização, estimular a participação das empresas produtoras de MLC em programas nacionais de qualidade. Para tanto, foram realizadas pesquisas sobre os produtos ofertados pelas empresas brasileiras de MLC, visitas às indústrias, consultas às normas técnicas e resoluções do Instituto Nacional de Metrologia, Qualidade e Tecnologia – INMETRO. Com base nesse levantamento foi elaborada esta proposta de um programa de qualidade voltado para produtos em MLC de uso estrutural e não estrutural. A implantação desta proposta de programa de qualidade facilitará a obtenção de subsídios às empresas e estimulará o consumo de MLC no mercado da construção civil. The GLT is an innovative product with high added value, but it still does not participate in quality programs such as the National Quality Wood – PNQM, and the Brazilian Program of Quality and Productivity Habitat – PBQP-H. This work aimed to create opportunities for greater visibility to the MLC product, assess their safer design and use, encourage the participation of companies producing MLC in national quality programs. Thus, we conducted a research on the products offered by Brazilian companies MLC, visits to industries, consultations to technical standards and resolutions of the National Institute of Metrology, Quality and Technology – INMETRO. Based on this survey we designed a program focused on MLC quality products structural and non-structural use. The implementation of the proposed quality program will facilitate obtaining grants to businesses and stimulate the consumption of

Generación de inclusiones no metálicas y su efecto sobre el bloqueo de boquillas de colada continua en aceros ultra bajo carbono estabilizados con titanio

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Vega-Becerra, O.

2005-12-01

Full Text Available This work presents a thermodynamic and experimental analysis of the phases that precipitate in the non metallic inclusions depending on the contents of aluminium (Al, titanium (Ti and oxygen (O in the steel, and their influence on the nozzle clogging. For the thermodynamic analysis, the program FACT WIN (Facility For The Analysis of Chemical Thermodynamics subroutine Equilib. was used. The experimental tests were carried out in an TAMMANN furnace, in an argon atmosphere. The control of the content of dissolved oxygen was carried out by means of sensors of solid electrolyte bases zirconia. The characterization of the inclusions was carried out with SEM, EDS and by means of the technique of fractional reduction with carbon. A good agreement was observed between the thermodynamic predictions and the experimental results.

En este trabajo se presenta un análisis termodinámico y experimental de las fases que precipitan en inclusiones no metálicas en función de los contenidos de aluminio (Al, titanio (Ti y oxígeno (O en el acero y su influencia sobre el bloqueo de boquillas de colada continua. Para el análisis termodinámico se utilizó el programa FACT-WIN (Facility For The Analysis of Chemical Thermodynamics subrutina Equilib. Las pruebas experimentales se realizaron en un horno TAMMANN, en atmósfera de argón. El control del contenido de oxígeno disuelto se llevó a cabo mediante sensores de electrólito sólido base zirconia. La caracterización de las inclusiones se realizó por SEM, EDS y mediante la técnica de reducción fraccionada con carbono. Se observó una buena concordancia entre las predicciones termodinámicas y los resultados experimentales.

What Older People Like to Play: Genre Preferences and Acceptance of Casual Games

Science.gov (United States)

Chesham, Alvin; Wyss, Patric; Müri, René Martin

2017-01-01

Background In recent computerized cognitive training studies, video games have emerged as a promising tool that can benefit cognitive function and well-being. Whereas most video game training studies have used first-person shooter (FPS) action video games, subsequent studies found that older adults dislike this type of game and generally prefer casual video games (CVGs), which are a subtype of video games that are easy to learn and use simple rules and interfaces. Like other video games, CVGs are organized into genres (eg, puzzle games) based on the rule-directed interaction with the game. Importantly, game genre not only influences the ease of interaction and cognitive abilities CVGs demand, but also affects whether older adults are willing to play any particular genre. To date, studies looking at how different CVG genres resonate with older adults are lacking. Objective The aim of this study was to investigate how much older adults enjoy different CVG genres and how favorably their CVG characteristics are rated. Methods A total of 16 healthy adults aged 65 years and above playtested 7 CVGs from 4 genres: casual action, puzzle, simulation, and strategy video games. Thereafter, they rated casual game preference and acceptance of casual game characteristics using 4 scales from the Core Elements of the Gaming Experience Questionnaire (CEGEQ). For this, participants rated how much they liked the game (enjoyment), understood the rules of the game (game-play), learned to manipulate the game (control), and make the game their own (ownership). Results Overall, enjoyment and acceptance of casual game characteristics was high and significantly above the midpoint of the rating scale for all CVG genres. Mixed model analyses revealed that ratings of enjoyment and casual game characteristics were significantly influenced by CVG genre. Participants’ mean enjoyment of casual puzzle games (mean 0.95 out of 1.00) was significantly higher than that for casual simulation games

What Older People Like to Play: Genre Preferences and Acceptance of Casual Games.

Science.gov (United States)

Chesham, Alvin; Wyss, Patric; Müri, René Martin; Mosimann, Urs Peter; Nef, Tobias

2017-04-18

In recent computerized cognitive training studies, video games have emerged as a promising tool that can benefit cognitive function and well-being. Whereas most video game training studies have used first-person shooter (FPS) action video games, subsequent studies found that older adults dislike this type of game and generally prefer casual video games (CVGs), which are a subtype of video games that are easy to learn and use simple rules and interfaces. Like other video games, CVGs are organized into genres (eg, puzzle games) based on the rule-directed interaction with the game. Importantly, game genre not only influences the ease of interaction and cognitive abilities CVGs demand, but also affects whether older adults are willing to play any particular genre. To date, studies looking at how different CVG genres resonate with older adults are lacking. The aim of this study was to investigate how much older adults enjoy different CVG genres and how favorably their CVG characteristics are rated. A total of 16 healthy adults aged 65 years and above playtested 7 CVGs from 4 genres: casual action, puzzle, simulation, and strategy video games. Thereafter, they rated casual game preference and acceptance of casual game characteristics using 4 scales from the Core Elements of the Gaming Experience Questionnaire (CEGEQ). For this, participants rated how much they liked the game (enjoyment), understood the rules of the game (game-play), learned to manipulate the game (control), and make the game their own (ownership). Overall, enjoyment and acceptance of casual game characteristics was high and significantly above the midpoint of the rating scale for all CVG genres. Mixed model analyses revealed that ratings of enjoyment and casual game characteristics were significantly influenced by CVG genre. Participants' mean enjoyment of casual puzzle games (mean 0.95 out of 1.00) was significantly higher than that for casual simulation games (mean 0.75 and 0.73). For casual game

Assessment of left ventricular function: comparison between radionuclide angiography and semiquantitative two-dimensional echocardiographic analysis

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gottsauner-Wolf, M.; Schedlmayer-Duit, J.; Porenta, G.; Gwechenberger, M.; Huber, K.; Glogar, D.; Probst, P.; Sochor, H.

1996-01-01

Measurement of global left ventricular function is important in the follow-up of cardiac patients and is a good prognostic indicator in acute cardiac situations. We compared quantitative measurements of global left ventricular function made with radionuclide angiography (RNA) and contrast cardiac ventriculography (CVG) to visual semiquantitative estimates from two-dimensional echocardiographic images (2D-echo). Three hundred and thirty-nine consecutive patients who underwent RNA were assessed with 2D-echo within 3 months. In addition, 92 of these patients also underwent CVG (correlation of ejection fraction between CVG and RNA: r=0.82; P<0.0001). The RNA mean ejection fractions in the four 2D-echo groups (0=normal, 1=slightly, 2=moderate, or 3=severe reduced left ventricular function) differed markedly (P<0.0001); however, there was overlapping among the groups (2D-echo score/RNA ejection fraction: 0=57.3%±12.8%; 1=46.0%±12.9%; 2=29.6%± 12.2%; and 3=24.6%±11.5%) and the difference between 2D-echo scores 2 and 3 was not significant. 2D-echo showed a good concordance in RNA classes (0=≥505; 1=35%-49%; 2=21%-34%; and 3=≤20% ejection fraction) 0 (133/166; 80%) and 3 (18/30; 60%) but low concordance in classes 1 (27/82; 33%) and 2 (21/61; 34%). For accurate assessment of global left ventricular ejection fraction, visual semiquantitative judgement of a 2D echocardiographic image is limited in comparison to CVG or RNA, especially in patients with a slight or moderate reduction in left ventricular ejection fraction. (orig.). With 2 figs., 2 tabs

Systematic review and meta-analysis of surgical outcomes in Marfan patients undergoing aortic root surgery by composite-valve graft or valve sparing root replacement.

Science.gov (United States)

Flynn, Campbell D; Tian, David H; Wilson-Smith, Ashley; David, Tirone; Matalanis, George; Misfeld, Martin; Mastrobuoni, Stefano; El Khoury, Gebrine; Yan, Tristan D

2017-11-01

A major, life-limiting feature of Marfan syndrome (MFS) is the presence of aneurysmal disease. Cardiovascular intervention has dramatically improved the life expectancy of Marfan patients. Traditionally, the management of aortic root disease has been undertaken with composite-valve graft replacing the aortic valve and proximal aorta; more recently, valve sparing procedures have been developed to avoid the need for anticoagulation. This meta-analysis assesses the important surgical outcomes of the two surgical techniques. A systematic review and meta-analysis of 23 studies reporting the outcomes of aortic root surgery in Marfan patients with data extracted for outcomes of early and late mortality, thromboembolic events, late bleeding complications and surgical reintervention rates. The outcomes of 2,976 Marfan patients undergoing aortic root surgery were analysed, 1,624 patients were treated with composite valve graft (CVG) and 1,352 patients were treated with valve sparing root replacement (VSRR). When compared against CVG, VSRR was associated with reduced risk of thromboembolism (OR =0.32; 95% CI, 0.16-0.62, P=0.0008), late hemorrhagic complications (OR =0.18; 95% CI, 0.07-0.45; P=0.0003) and endocarditis (OR =0.27; 95% CI, 0.10-0.68; P=0.006). Importantly there was no significant difference in reintervention rates between VSRR and CVG (OR =0.89; 95% CI, 0.35-2.24; P=0.80). There is an increasing body of evidence that VSRR can be reliably performed in Marfan patients, resulting in a durable repair with no increased risk of re-operation compared to CVG, thus avoiding the need for systemic anticoagulation in selected patients.

Optimizing and benchmarking de novo transcriptome sequencing: from library preparation to assembly evaluation.

Science.gov (United States)

Hara, Yuichiro; Tatsumi, Kaori; Yoshida, Michio; Kajikawa, Eriko; Kiyonari, Hiroshi; Kuraku, Shigehiro

2015-11-18

RNA-seq enables gene expression profiling in selected spatiotemporal windows and yields massive sequence information with relatively low cost and time investment, even for non-model species. However, there remains a large room for optimizing its workflow, in order to take full advantage of continuously developing sequencing capacity. Transcriptome sequencing for three embryonic stages of Madagascar ground gecko (Paroedura picta) was performed with the Illumina platform. The output reads were assembled de novo for reconstructing transcript sequences. In order to evaluate the completeness of transcriptome assemblies, we prepared a reference gene set consisting of vertebrate one-to-one orthologs. To take advantage of increased read length of >150 nt, we demonstrated shortened RNA fragmentation time, which resulted in a dramatic shift of insert size distribution. To evaluate products of multiple de novo assembly runs incorporating reads with different RNA sources, read lengths, and insert sizes, we introduce a new reference gene set, core vertebrate genes (CVG), consisting of 233 genes that are shared as one-to-one orthologs by all vertebrate genomes examined (29 species)., The completeness assessment performed by the computational pipelines CEGMA and BUSCO referring to CVG, demonstrated higher accuracy and resolution than with the gene set previously established for this purpose. As a result of the assessment with CVG, we have derived the most comprehensive transcript sequence set of the Madagascar ground gecko by means of assembling individual libraries followed by clustering the assembled sequences based on their overall similarities. Our results provide several insights into optimizing de novo RNA-seq workflow, including the coordination between library insert size and read length, which manifested in improved connectivity of assemblies. The approach and assembly assessment with CVG demonstrated here would be applicable to transcriptome analysis of other species as

Quantificação da falha na madeira em juntas coladas utilizando técnicas de visão artificial Measuring wood failure percentage using a machine vision system

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Christovão Pereira Abrahão

2003-02-01

Full Text Available Com o emprego de adesivos pode-se obter um grande número de produtos derivados da madeira. Para confecção industrial de produtos de madeira colada, normas reconhecidas internacionalmente exigem que a adesão da madeira seja testada segundo procedimentos padronizados e que nos resultados destes testes seja reportado, além da resistência das juntas, o porcentual de falha na madeira. Para avaliação da falha a norma ASTM D5266-99 recomenda o emprego de uma rede de quadrículas traçada sobre um material transparente. Contudo, esta avaliação, além de demandar muito tempo, ainda é realizada com muita subjetividade. A hipótese do presente trabalho é que se pode quantificar a falha na madeira com um sistema de visão artificial, tornando o procedimento mais rápido e menos sujeito à subjetividade. Foram testados dois tipos de algoritmos de limiarização automática em imagens adquiridas com digitalizadores de mesa. Concluiu-se que a falha na madeira pode ser quantificada por limiarização automática em substituição ao método convencional das quadrículas. Os algoritmos testados apresentaram erro médio absoluto menor que 3% em relação ao sistema convencional da rede quadriculada.It is possible to obtain several products by glueing wood. Internationally approved standards require wood adhesion to be tested according to standardized procedures, including in the results, shear stress and wood failure percentages. In order to estimate wood failure percentage, the ASTM D5266-99 standard suggests the use of a grid template printed on a transparent sheet. However, this evaluation is not only time-consuming but also subjective. This work developed and tested an algorithm to quantify the flawed wood areas by using a machine vision system, a faster and less subjective procedure. Two types of automatic threshold algorithms were tested. The glued wood samples were scanned after the shear tests under compression. It was concluded that automatic

Coriolis vibratory gyroscopes theory and design

CERN Document Server

Apostolyuk, Vladislav

2016-01-01

This book provides the latest theoretical analysis and design methodologies of different types of Coriolis vibratory gyroscopes (CVG). Together, the chapters analyze different types of sensitive element designs and their kinematics, derivation of motion equations, analysis of sensitive elements dynamics in modulated and demodulated signals, calculation and optimization of main performance characteristics, and signal processing and control. Essential aspects of numerical simulation of CVG using Simulink® are also covered. This is an ideal book for graduate students, researchers, and engineers working in fields that require gyroscope application, including but not limited to: inertial sensors and systems, automotive and consumer electronics, small unmanned aircraft control systems, personal mobile navigation systems and related software development, and augmented and virtual reality systems.

Interpretation of results for tumor markers on the basis of analytical imprecision and biological variation

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Sölétormos, G; Schiøler, V; Nielsen, D

1993-01-01

Interpretation of results for CA 15.3, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), and tissue polypeptide antigen (TPA) during breast cancer monitoring requires data on intra- (CVP) and inter- (CVG) individual biological variation, analytical imprecision (CVA), and indices of individuality. The average CVP...

Seasonal and biological variation of urinary epinephrine, norepinephrine, and cortisol in healthy women

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Hansen, Åse Marie; Garde, A H; Skovgaard, L T

2001-01-01

There is a significant circadian and seasonal periodicity in various endocrine functions. The present study describes the within-day and seasonal fluctuation for urinary catecholamines and cortisol and estimates the within- (CV(i)) and between-subject (CV(g)) coefficients of variation for healthy...

The Efficacy of Prescribed Casual Videogame Play in Reducing Symptoms of Anxiety: A Randomized Controlled Study.

Science.gov (United States)

Fish, Matthew T; Russoniello, Carmen V; O'Brien, Kevin

2014-10-01

Anxiety is a natural reaction to stress, but when excessive, it can develop into a debilitating disorder. Traditional treatments such as pharmaceuticals and psychotherapy have demonstrated efficacy in alleviating anxiety symptoms but are often costly and stigmatizing. This study tested whether a regimen of prescribed casual videogame (CVG) play could reduce individuals' anxiety symptom severity in a depressed population. CVGs are defined as fun, easy to play, spontaneous, and extremely popular. Data were taken from a larger study on depression and CVGs. Participants were screened for depression using a score of ≥5 (mild depression) on the Patient Health Questionnaire-9. After completing pre-intervention questionnaires, participants were randomized into the experimental (n=30) or control (n=29) group. Participants in the experimental group were prescribed a CVG of their choice to play three times per week, for 30 minutes, over a 1-month period. The State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) was used to test the hypothesis. Repeated-measures analysis of variance revealed significant interaction of group by time for state and trait anxiety measures, supporting the hypothesis that anxiety severity would be different by group post-intervention. When state and trait anxiety measures were compared using within-subjects contrasts and between-group analyses, significant decreases in anxiety symptom severity were demonstrated. A prescribed regimen of CVG play significantly reduced state and trait anxiety symptom severity as measured by the STAI. Clinicians should consider using these easy-to-use and low-cost CVGs to address symptoms associated with state and trait anxiety.

Surgical reconstruction of aortic root in Marfan syndrome patients: a systematic review.

Science.gov (United States)

Hu, Rui; Wang, Zhiwei; Hu, Xiaoping; Wu, Hongbing; Wu, Zhiyong; Zhou, Zhen

2014-07-01

Several recent studies have compared the clinical results of valve-sparing (VS) surgery and composite valve graft (CVG) surgery in the aortic root reconstruction of Marfan syndrome (MS) patients. The study aim was to investigate whether it is appropriate to preserve the native aortic valve in root surgery of MFS patients when taking the short-term and long-term prognoses into consideration. A thorough literature search of PubMed, Embase and Cochrane library was conducted to identify studies comparing the outcomes of VS and CVG surgery in MFS patients. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale evaluation scheme was used to assess the methodological quality of the included articles. Data were extracted from reports and analyzed using Revman 5.0, supplied by Cochrane collaboration. Six clinical trials incorporating 539 patients were included. Compared to CVG, VS surgery was associated with a lower risk for re-exploration (RR 0.48, 95% CI 0.24-0.97; p = 0.04), thromboembolic events (RR 0.17, 95% CI 0.05-0.57; p = 0.004) and endocarditis (RR 0.31, 95% CI 0.11-0.94; p = 0.04). Despite an inherent incidence of aortic regurgitation, VS surgery resulted in an elevation of long-term survival rate; however, no statistical differences were found between groups with regards to reoperation (RR 1.07, 95% CI 0.35-3.27; p = 0.91). Root reconstruction with VS surgery can effectively improve the prognosis of MFS patients and provide a promising alternative for surgical treatment. However, the results must be interpreted with caution due to the retrospective nature of the included studies; large-scale prospective control trials are needed to confirm these findings.

Assessment of biological variation and analytical imprecision of CA 125, CEA, and TPA in relation to monitoring of ovarian cancer

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Tuxen, M.K.; Sölétormos, G.; Petersen, P.H.

1999-01-01

biological variation. The aim of the study was to assess (i) the analytical imprecision (CVA) and the average inherent intra- and interindividual biological variation (CVTI and CVG, respectively) for CA 125, CEA, and TPA in a group of healthy women; (ii) the significance of changes in serial results of each...

Osmo and hydro priming improvement germination characteristics and enzyme activity of Mountain Rye (Secale montanum seeds under drought stress

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ansari O.

2012-11-01

Full Text Available Impacts of various concentrations of polyetylenglycol 6000 (PEG 6000(0, -9, -11, -13 and -15 bar and hydro priming on Mountain Rye (secale montanum germination characteristic and enzyme activity were evaluated under drought stress in the seed laboratory of Natural Resources Faculty, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran. Analyze of variance for hydro priming showed that temperature × time of priming interaction was significantly for germination percentage (GP, normal seedling percentage (NSP, coefficient of velocity of germination (CVG, seedling vigor index (SVI, coefficient of allometry (AC and seedling length (SL under drought stress and for osmo priming showed that Concentration of PEG × Temperature × Time of priming interaction was significantly for all traits under drought stress. Results of interaction effects for hydro priming showed that the highest GP (53% and NSP (23.5% were attained from hydro priming for 16h at 15 ◦C and the highest CVG (0.21 and AC (0.49 were attained from hydro priming for 8h at 10 ◦C, also hydro priming for 8h at 15 ◦C increased SL (3.15 as compared to the unprimed.Osmo priming with concentration of -15 bar PEG for 24h at 15 ◦C increased GP (80.5 %, GI (17.9, NSP (45 %, SVI (257.85 and SL (5.73 cm and decreased MTG as compared to the unprimed and other treatments of osmo priming. The highest CVG was attained from concentration of -9 bar PEG for 24h at 10 ◦C. the highest AC was attained from concentration of -9 bar PEG for 12h at 15 ◦C. Also osmo and hydro priming increased catalase (CAT and ascorbate peroxidase (APX as compared to the unprimed.

A new vapor generation system for mercury species based on the UV irradiation of mercaptoethanol used in the determination of total and methyl mercury in environmental and biological samples by atomic fluorescence spectrometry

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Yin, Yanmin; Qiu, Jianhua; Yang, Limin [College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Department of Chemistry and the MOE Key Laboratory of Analytical Sciences, Xiamen (China); Wang, Qiuquan [College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Department of Chemistry and the MOE Key Laboratory of Analytical Sciences, Xiamen (China); Xiamen University, State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen (China)

2007-06-15

A new vapor generation system for mercury (Hg) species based on the irradiation of mercaptoethanol (ME) with UV was developed to provide an effective sample introduction unit for atomic fluorescence spectrometry (AFS). Preliminary investigations of the mechanism of this novel vapor generation system were based on GC-MS and FT-IR studies. Under optimum conditions, the limits of determination for inorganic divalence mercury and methyl mercury were 60 and 50 pg mL{sup -1}, respectively. Certified reference materials (BCR 463 tuna fish and BCR 580 estuarine sediment) were used to validate this new method, and the results agreed well with certified values. This new system provides an attractive alternative method of chemical vapor generation (CVG) of mercury species compared to other developed CVG systems (for example, the traditional KBH{sub 4}/NaOH-acid system). To our knowledge, this is the first systematic report on UV/ME-based Hg species vapor generation and the determination of total and methyl Hg in environmental and biological samples using UV/ME-AFS. (orig.)

Influence of silicon on wear behaviour of “Silal” cast irons

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ana I. García-Diez

2014-01-01

Full Text Available En este trabajo se ha evaluado la influencia del contenido de s ilicio en la resistencia frente al desgaste y en las propiedade s mecánicas de diferentes fundiciones con alto c ontenido en silicio del tipo S ilal. Para ello se ha variado el contenido en carbono y en sili cio de las muestras, evaluando posteriormen te la modificación en la dureza , determinada mediante la escala Brinell, y en el comportamient o tribológico, estudiado mediante e nsayos de desgaste normalizado s Pin-on-Disk. Todo ello se ha complementado con un estudio metalográfico para determinar la influencia de la microestructu ra en las propiedades analizadas. Se ha determinado que el mejo r comportamiento al desgaste lo pre sentan aquellas aleaciones cuy a composición y proceso de colada garantizan el grafito esferoi dal frente a las que lo presentan con estruc tura laminar. A dicionalmente, se ha experimentado con diferentes procesos de colada para la fabricación de las fundiciones para determinar su influe ncia en la aparició n del grafito esferoidal.

EEG, HRV and Psychological Correlates while Playing Bejeweled II: A Randomized Controlled Study.

Science.gov (United States)

Russoniello, Carmen V; O'Brien, Kevin; Parks, Jennifer M

2009-01-01

Stress related medical disorders such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, depression, and anxiety are serious medical issues that can cause disability and death. Interventions to prevent their development and exacerbation are needed. Casual video games (CVGs) are fun, easy to play, spontaneous and tremendously popular. People report that they play these games because they decrease their stress and improve their mood. This study tested this theory by comparing people playing Bejeweled II a popular CVG with control subjects measured under similar conditions. Electroencephalographic (EEG) changes after playing Bejeweled II were consistent with increased mood and corroborated with similar findings on psychological reports. Moreover, heart rate variability (HRV) changes consistent with autonomic nervous system relaxation or decreased physical stress were also recorded. It is concluded, therefore, that playing a CVG like Bejeweled II can increase mood and decrease stress. These finding have broad implications and include the potential development of prescriptive interventions using Bejeweled II to prevent and treat stress related medical disorders. Finally, these findings demonstrate a method using EEG, HRV and psychological correlates to understand the psychophysiological or cybernetic interconnection between participant and video game.

Army Vocational Guidance in Two-Year Colleges

Science.gov (United States)

1987-11-01

worklife . Second, counselors were quite receptive to the idea of having high quality Army information available that could aid student career planning...the CVG/JOIN information presentations to be informative and rather objective (i.e., balanced pros and cons about Army life/options). Nonetheless...presentation; variety, color is excellant. - Very honest and balanced presentations. "* 130 0 - - - - - - - - - - 15) quality of "Army Jobs" info

Seasonal and biological variation of blood concentrations of total cholesterol, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, hemoglobin A(1c), IgA, prolactin, and free testosterone in healthy women

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Garde, A H; Hansen, Åse Marie; Skovgaard, L T

2000-01-01

Concentrations of physiological response variables fluctuate over time. The present study describes within-day and seasonal fluctuations for total cholesterol, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S), hemoglobin A(1c) (HbA(1c)), IgA, prolactin, and free testosterone in blood, and estimates within......- (CV(i)) and between-subject (CV(g)) CVs for healthy women. In addition, the index of individuality, prediction intervals, and power calculations were derived....

Chemical vapor generation of silver for atomic absorption spectrometry with the multiatomizer: Radiotracer efficiency study and characterization of silver species

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Musil, Stanislav [Institute of Analytical Chemistry of the ASCR, v.v.i., Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague 4 (Czech Republic); Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Science, Dept. of Analytical Chemistry, Albertov 8, 128 43 Prague 2 (Czech Republic); Kratzer, Jan; Vobecky, Miloslav [Institute of Analytical Chemistry of the ASCR, v.v.i., Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague 4 (Czech Republic); Hovorka, Jan [Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Science, Institute for Environmental Studies, Benatska 2, 128 01 Prague 2 (Czech Republic); Benada, Oldrich [Institute of Microbiology of the ASCR, v.v.i., Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague 4 (Czech Republic); Matousek, Tomas, E-mail: matousek@biomed.cas.c [Institute of Analytical Chemistry of the ASCR, v.v.i., Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague 4 (Czech Republic)

2009-11-15

Volatile Ag species were generated in flow injection arrangement from nitric acid environment in the presence of surfactants (Triton X-100 and Antifoam B) and permanent Pd deposits as the reaction modifiers. Atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) with multiple microflame quartz tube atomizer heated to 900 deg. C was used for atomization; evidence was found for thermal mechanism of atomization. Relative and absolute limits of detection (3sigma, 250 mul sample loop) measured under optimized conditions were: 1.4 mug l{sup -1} and 0.35 ng, respectively. The efficiency of chemical vapor generation (CVG) as well as spatial distribution of residual analyte in the apparatus was studied by {sup 111}Ag radioactive indicator (half-life 7.45 days) of high specific activity. It was found out that 23% of analyte was released into the gaseous phase. However, only 8% was found on filters placed at the entrance to the atomizer due to transport losses. About 40% of analyte remained in waste liquid, whereas the rest was found deposited over the CVG system. Presented study follows the hypothesis that the 'volatile' Ag species are actually metallic nanoparticles formed upon reduction in liquid phase and then released with good efficiency to the gaseous phase. Number/charge size distributions of dry aerosol were determined by Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer. Ag was detected in 40-45 nm particles holding 10 times more charge if compared to Boltzmann equilibrium. At the same time, Ag was also present on 150 nm particles, the main size mode of the CVG generator. The increase of Ag in standards was reflected by proportional increase in particle number/charge for 40-45 nm size particles only. Transmission electron microscopy revealed particles of 8 +- 2 nm sampled from the gaseous phase, which were associated in isolated clusters of few to few tens of nanometres. Ag presence in those particles was confirmed by Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS) analysis.

PRODUÇÃO DE CHAPAS DE MADEIRA COMPENSADA DE CINCO ESPÉCIES DE PINUS TROPICAIS

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Setsuo Iwakiri

2001-03-01

Full Text Available Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o potencial de utilização de 5 espécies de pinus tropicais para produção de painéis compensados. As espécies estudadas foram: Pinus caribaea, Pinus chiapensis, Pinus maximinoi, Pinus oocarpa, Pinus tecunumannii e Pinus taeda, sendo esta última espécie como testemunha. Foram produzidos compensados de 5 lâminas com resinas uréia-formaldeído e fenol-formaldeído. Os resultados de inchamento e recuperação em espessura foram estatisticamente iguais entre as espécies estudadas, com exceção para inchamento em espessura das chapas coladas com resina fenol-formaldeído. As chapas de Pinus maximinoi e Pinus oocarpa, apresentaram melhores resultados de módulos de elasticidade. Para o módulo de ruptura, as chapas de Pinus maxininoi, Pinus oocarpa e Pinus taeda, coladas com resina fenol-formaldeído, apresentaram valores estatisticamente superiores em relação às demais espécies. Quanto a resistência da linha de cola, as chapas de Pinus maximinoi, Pinus taeda e Pinus chiapensis, foram as que apresentaram melhor desempenho. Com base nos resultados gerais da pesquisa, pode-se destacar a potencialidade da madeira de Pinus maximinoi e Pinus oocarpa para produção de chapas de madeira compensada.

Friction stir processing (FSP: refining microstructures and improving properties

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

McNelley, T. R.

2010-12-01

Full Text Available FSP is reviewed as an allied technology of friction stir welding (FSW and additional considerations such as processing pattern and step over distance are introduced. The application of FSP to continuously cast AA5083 material in the as-cast condition is described and the extent of grain refinement and homogenization of microstructure is documented. The FSP-induced superplastic response of this material is compared to the response of conventionally processed AA5083 and the improved ductility of the FSP material is related to grain refinement and microstructure homogenization.

Se revisa el procesado por fricción batida (FSP como un aliado tecnológico de la soldadura por fricción batida (FSW y se introducen consideraciones adicionales tales como el patrón de procesado y el paso en función de la distancia. Se describe la aplicación de FSP al material AA5083 por colada continua en la condición de colada y se documenta el grado de afino de grano y homogeneización de la microestructura. La respuesta de superplasticidad inducida por FSP se compara con la respuesta de la aleación AA5083 procesada convencionalmente y la mejora de ductilidad del material FSP se relaciona con el afino de grano y la homogeneización de la microestructura.

CUTIS VERTICIS GYRATA – A RARE CASE REPORT

OpenAIRE

Gopal; Meena; Sharath Kumar; Ramesh; Nandini

2013-01-01

ABSTRACT: Cutis verticis gyrata (CVG) is a skin deformity characterised by excessive growth of skin of the scalp, resulting in furrows and folds which are simila r to gyri of the brain cortex. A 25 year old male presented to the Dermatology department, Kempegowda institute of medical sciences with increased skin folds over scalp, forehead and face, increased oiliness of face, increased sweating, swelling of hands a nd feet and pain in limbs since 4 years. Routine blood in...

Solid phase extraction of cadmium on 2-mercaptobenzothiazole loaded on sulfur powder in the medium of ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate and cold vapor generation-atomic absorption spectrometric determination

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Pourreza, N.; Ghanemi, K.

2010-01-01

A novel solid phase extractor for preconcentration of cadmium at ng L -1 levels has been developed. Cadmium ions were retained on a column packed with sulfur powder modified with 2-mercaptobenzothiazole (2-MBT) in the medium of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([bmim] + PF 6 - ) ionic liquid. The presence of ionic liquid during modification of sulfur enhanced the retention of cadmium ions on the column. The retained cadmium ions were eluted with 2 mol L -1 solution of HCl and measured by cold vapor generation-atomic absorption spectrometry (CVG-AAS). By using reaction cell-gas liquid separator (RC-GLS), gaseous cadmium vapors were produced and reached the atomic absorption spectrometer, instantaneously. The influence of different variables on both processes of solid phase extraction and CVG-AAS determination of cadmium ions was investigated. The calibration curve was linear in the range of 10-200 ng L -1 of cadmium in the initial solution with r = 0.9992 (n = 8) under optimum conditions. The limit of detection based on three times the standard deviation of the blank (3S b , n = 10) was 4.6 ng L -1 . The relative standard deviation (R.S.D.) of 25 and 150 ng L -1 of cadmium was 4.1 and 2.2% (n = 8), respectively. The procedure was validated by the analysis of a certified reference material (DORM-3), water and fish samples.

Analysis of the Treatment of a Biological Weapon Spread through a Transportation Network

Science.gov (United States)

2014-03-27

public. Most of the skepticism stems from religion, rare complications, and parent concerns over a refuted study suggesting vaccines can cause autism. In...CHI 40 CHICAGO, IL MDW 22 CHICAGO, IL ORD 44 CINCINNATI, OH CVG 52 CLEVELAND, OH CLE 59 CODY, WY COD 2 COLLEGE STATION, TX CLL 1 COLORADO...CDC 1 COLLEGE STATION, TX CLL 1 COLUMBIA, MO COU 1 CORDOVA, AK CDV 1 DAYTONA BEACH, FL DAB 1 DUBUQUE, IA DBQ 1 DURANGO, CO DRO 1 DUTCH HARBOR

Determination of Cd, Hg, Pb and Se in sediments slurries by isotopic dilution calibration ICP-MS after chemical vapor generation using an on-line system or retention in an electrothermal vaporizer treated with iridium

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Vieira, Mariana Antunes; Ribeiro, Anderson Schwingel; Dias, Lucia Felicidade; Curtius, Adilson Jose

2005-01-01

A method for the determination of Cd, Hg, Pb and Se in sediments reference materials by slurry sampling chemical vapor generation (CVG) using isotopic dilution (ID) calibration and detection by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) is proposed. Two different systems were used for the investigation: an on-line flow injection system (FI-CVG-ICP-MS) and an off-line system with in situ trapping electrothermal vaporization (CVG-ETV-ICP-MS). About 100 mg of the reference material, ground to a particle size ≤50 μm, was mixed with acid solutions (aqua regia, HF and HCl) in an ultrasonic bath. The enriched isotopes 111 Cd, 198 Hg, 206 Pb and 77 Se were then added to the slurry in an adequate amount in order to produce an altered isotopic ratio close to 1. For the on-line system, a standing time for the slurry of 12 h before measurement was required, while for the batch system, no standing time is needed to obtain accurate results. The conditions for the formation of the analyte vapor were optimized for the evaluated systems. The following altered isotope ratios were measured: 111 Cd/ 114 Cd, 198 Hg/ 199 Hg, 206 Pb/ 208 Pb e 77 Se/ 82 Se. The obtained detection limits in the on-line system, in μg g -1 , were: Cd: 0.15; Hg: 0.09; Pb: 6.0 and Se: 0.03. Similar detection limits were obtained with the system that uses the ETV: 0.21 for Hg, 6.0 for Pb and 0.06 μg g -1 for Se. No signal for Cd was obtained in this system. One estuarine, two marine and two river certified sediments were analyzed to check the accuracy. The obtained values by both systems were generally in agreement with the certified concentrations, according to the t-test for a confidence level of 95%, demonstrating that isotope equilibration was attained in the slurries submitted to a chemical vapor generation procedure and detection by ICP-MS. The relative standard deviations were lower than 10%, adequate for slurry analysis. The almost quantitative analytes extractions to the aqueous phase

Biological Variation and Reference Change Value Data for Serum Neuron-Specific Enolase in a Turkish Population.

Science.gov (United States)

Matyar, Selcuk; Goruroglu Ozturk, Ozlem; Ziyanoglu Karacor, Esin; Yuzbasioglu Ariyurek, Sedefgul; Sahin, Gulhan; Kibar, Filiz; Yaman, Akgun; Inal, Tamer

2016-11-01

Neuron-specific enolase (NSE) is a recognized biomarker for the assessment of cerebral injury in neurological disorders. This study aims to report a definitive assessment of the biological variation (BV) components of this biomarker, including within-subject BV (CVI), between-subject BV (CVG), index of individuality (II), and reference change value (RCV), in a cohort of Turkish participants using an experimental protocol. Six blood specimens were collected from each of the 13 apparently healthy volunteers (seven women, six men; ranging in age from 23 to 36) on the same day, every 2 weeks for 2 months. Serum specimens were stored at -20°C until analysis. Neuron-specific enolase levels were evaluated in serum samples using an electrochemiluminescence (ECLIA) immunoassay kit with a Roche Cobas e 411 auto-analyser. ANOVA test was used to calculate the variations. The CVI and CVG for NSE were 21.5% and 28.8%, respectively. Analytical variation (CVA) was calculated as 10.2%. Additionally, II and RCV were calculated as 0.74 and 66% (95% confident interval, CI), respectively. As the performance index (PI) was found to be less than 2 (PI = 0.95), it is concluded that the NSE measurements have a desirable performance for analytical imprecision. Since the II was found to be less than 1 (II: 0.74), the reference values will be of little use. Thus, RCV would provide better information for deciding whether a significant change has occurred. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Seasonal variation of the flux of living coccolithophore communities in the Bay of Bengal and their implication on hydrography

Digital Repository Service at National Institute of Oceanography (India)

Mergulhao, L

). The systematics of coccoliths in relation to the palaeontological record. In: B.M. Funnell and W.R. Riedel (eds.), The Micropalaeontology of the Oceans. Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, pp. 611-624. Bloesch, J. and N.M. Burns (1980). A critical review... (to 25°S, 100°E). Inst. of Oceanogr., Wormely, England, U.K. IOS Tech. Rep., 187, 36 charts, 8 pp. De Souza, S.N., S.W.A Naqvi and C.V.G Reddy (1981). Distribution of nutrients in the western Bay of Bengal. Indian J. Mar. Sci., 10, 327...

Evaluation of the TEG® platelet mappingTM assay in blood donors

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Bochsen, Louise; Wiinberg, Bo; Kjelgaard-Hansen, Mads Jens

2007-01-01

for quantification of platelet function, including the contribution of the adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and thromboxane A2 (TxA2) receptors to clot formation. Methods In 43 healthy blood donors, the analytical (CVa) and inter-individual variability (CVg) of the TEG® Platelet MappingTM assay were determined together......Background Monitoring of antiplatelet therapy in patients at cardiovascular risk is difficult because existing platelet function tests are too sophisticated for clinical routine. The whole blood TEG® Platelet MappingTM assay measures clot strength as maximal amplitude (MA) and enables...

Fenómenos de corrosión galvánica en las uniones aluminio y acero

OpenAIRE

Domínguez Parra, Alberto

2009-01-01

La corrosión es un proceso de degradación de un material al interactuar con el ambiente que le rodea. El presente proyecto trata de la corrosión galvánica de aceros y fundiciones, en contacto con aleaciones de aluminio. Su experimentación se ha realizado con acero AE 275 B, y fundición EN-GS 400 12. Se utilizó lingote de aluminio A356 obtenido por colada por gravedad, y dos tipos de muestras, con y sin tratamiento térmico T6, de A 356 producidas por el procedimiento de sub-liquidus casting...

Green method for ultrasensitive determination of Hg in natural waters by electrothermal-atomic absorption spectrometry following sono-induced cold vapor generation and 'in-atomizer trapping'

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gil, Sandra; Lavilla, Isela; Bendicho, Carlos

2007-01-01

Sono-induced cold vapor generation (SI-CVG) has been used for the first time in combination with a graphite furnace atomizer for determination of Hg in natural waters by electrothermal-atomic absorption spectrometry after in situ trapping onto a noble metal-pretreated platform (Pd, Pt or Rh) inserted into a graphite tube. The system allows 'in-atomizer trapping' of Hg without the use of conventional reduction reactions based on sodium borohydride or tin chloride in acid medium for cold vapor generation. The sono-induced reaction is accomplished by applying ultrasound irradiation to the sample solution containing Hg(II) in the presence of an organic compound such as formic acid. As this organic acid is partly degraded upon ultrasound irradiation to yield CO, CO 2 , H 2 and H 2 O, the amount of lab wastes is minimized and a green methodology is achieved. For this purpose, experimental variables influencing the generation/trapping process are fully investigated. The limit of detection for a 10 min trapping time and 10 mL sample volume was 0.03 μg L -1 (Integrated absorbance) and the repeatability expressed as relative standard deviation was about 3%. Carbonates and chlorides at 100 mg L -1 level caused a signal depression by 20-30%. The enhanced trapping efficiency observed with the sono-induced cold vapor generation as compared with 'in-atomizer trapping' methods employing chemical vapor generation is discussed. A reaction pathway for SI-CVG is proposed on the basis of the current knowledge for synthesis of noble metal nanoparticles by ultrasound

Efeito da hidrólise ácida dos taninos de Eucalyptus grandis w. hill ex Maiden nas propriedades dos adesivos tânicos Effect of the acid hydrolyses of Eucalyptus grandis w. hill ex Maiden tannins in the properties of the tannic adhesives

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Angélica de Cássia Oliveira Carneiro

2009-08-01

Full Text Available Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito da hidrólise ácida sobre as propriedades e resistência ao cisalhamento dos adesivos de taninos, extraídos a partir da casca de Eucalyptus grandis W. Hill ex Maiden. Os adesivos foram sintetizados com taninos hidrolisados, empregando-se quatro valores de pH, três tempos de reação e 10% de formaldeído em relação à massa seca de taninos. Foram produzidas 96 juntas coladas, constituídas de duas lâminas de madeira de Eucalyptus grandis. As resistências ao cisalhamento e falha na madeira foram determinadas de acordo com a norma ASTM D 2339-93. Concluiu-se que a hidrólise ácida dos taninos reduziu a viscosidade dos adesivos e aumentou a resistência ao cisalhamento na linha de cola. De modo geral, as juntas coladas apresentaram baixo percentual de falha na madeira.The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of the acid hydrolysis of Eucalyptus grandis W. Hill ex Maiden bark tannins on the properties of tannic adhesives. Adhesives were synthesized with tannins hydrolyzed at four pH values, three reaction times and 10% of formaldehyde based on the tannin dry weight. Ninety-six glued joints were prepared with Eucalyptus grandis thin boards. Shear resistance and wood failure percentage were determined according to the ASTM D 2339-93 standards. It was concluded that tannin hydrolysis decreased adhesive viscosity and increased the glue line shear resistance. However, it was observed a low percentage of wood failure.

Biological variation and analytical imprecision of CA 125 in patients with ovarian cancer

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Tuxen, M K; Sölétormos, G; Rustin, G J

2000-01-01

Despite the availability of serial data on CA 125 in ovarian cancer, the problem of interpreting a change over time is still unsolved. Changes in marker concentrations are due not only to patients improving or deteriorating but also to analytical imprecision and normal intra-individual biological...... variation. The aim of this study was to assess the analytical imprecision (CV(A)) and the intra- and inter-individual biological variation (CV(I) and CV(G), respectively) of CA 125 in a group of 26 patients with clinically stable ovarian cancer. Furthermore, the critical difference for a change between two...

Biological Variability and Impact of Oral Contraceptives on Vitamins B6, B12 and Folate Status in Women of Reproductive Age

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Samir Samman

2013-09-01

Full Text Available Vitamins B6, B12 and folate play crucial metabolic roles especially during the reproductive years for women. There is limited reporting of within-subject variability of these vitamins. This study aimed to determine the within and between subject variability in serum vitamins B6, B12, folate and erythrocyte folate concentrations in young women; identify factors that contribute to variability; and determine dietary intakes and sources of these vitamins. Data were obtained from the control group of a trial aimed at investigating the effect of iron on the nutritional status of young women (age 25.2 ± 4.2 year; BMI 21.9 ± 2.2 kg/m2. The coefficients of variability within-subject (CVI and between-subject (CVG for serum vitamins B6, B12 and folate, and erythrocyte folate were calculated. Food frequency questionnaires provided dietary data. CVI and CVG were in the range 16.1%–25.7% and 31.7%–62.2%, respectively. Oral contraceptive pill (OCP use was associated (P = 0.042 with lower serum vitamin B12 concentrations. Initial values were 172 ± 16 pmol/L and 318 ± 51 pmol/L for OCP and non-OCP users, respectively; with differences maintained at four time points over 12 weeks. BMI, age, physical activity, alcohol intake and haematological variables did not affect serum or erythrocyte vitamin concentrations. Vitamin B12 intakes were derived from traditional and unexpected sources including commercial energy drinks. Young women using OCP had significantly lower serum vitamin B12 concentrations. This should be considered in clinical decision making and requires further investigation.

Biologic variability and correlation of platelet function testing in healthy dogs.

Science.gov (United States)

Blois, Shauna L; Lang, Sean T; Wood, R Darren; Monteith, Gabrielle

2015-12-01

Platelet function tests are influenced by biologic variability, including inter-individual (CVG ) and intra-individual (CVI ), as well as analytic (CVA ) variability. Variability in canine platelet function testing is unknown, but if excessive, would make it difficult to interpret serial results. Additionally, the correlation between platelet function tests is poor in people, but not well described in dogs. The aims were to: (1) identify the effect of variation in preanalytic factors (venipuncture, elapsed time until analysis) on platelet function tests; (2) calculate analytic and biologic variability of adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and arachidonic acid (AA)-induced thromboelastograph platelet mapping (TEG-PM), ADP-, AA-, and collagen-induced whole blood platelet aggregometry (WBA), and collagen/ADP and collagen/epinephrine platelet function analysis (PFA-CADP, PFA-CEPI); and (3) determine the correlation between these variables. In this prospective observational trial, platelet function was measured once every 7 days, for 4 consecutive weeks, in 9 healthy dogs. In addition, CBC, TEG-PM, WBA, and PFA were performed. Overall coefficients of variability ranged from 13.3% to 87.8% for the platelet function tests. Biologic variability was highest for AA-induced maximum amplitude generated during TEG-PM (MAAA; CVG = 95.3%, CVI = 60.8%). Use of population-based reference intervals (RI) was determined appropriate only for PFA-CADP (index of individuality = 10.7). There was poor correlation between most platelet function tests. Use of population-based RI appears inappropriate for most platelet function tests, and tests poorly correlate with one another. Future studies on biologic variability and correlation of platelet function tests should be performed in dogs with platelet dysfunction and those treated with antiplatelet therapy. © 2015 American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology.

Les Mayas à Hollywood.

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Boris Jeanne

2007-02-01

Full Text Available Les Mayas de nos jours ce sont surtout des grandes pyramides au milieu de la forêt à un jet d’avion de Cancún : pour nombre de touristes américains et européens, c’est une occasion de s’acoquiner avec la culture, la grande culture des civilisations perdues, en continuant de boire des piña coladas le soir au bord de la plage. Et puis au mois de décembre les Mayas ont débarqué en force dans le paysage culturel local des Américains et des Européens, dans leurs cinémas, au moyen de deux films in...

The potential for adaptation in a natural Daphnia magna population: broad and narrow-sense heritability of net reproductive rate under Cd stress at two temperatures.

Science.gov (United States)

Messiaen, M; Janssen, C R; Thas, O; De Schamphelaere, K A C

2012-10-01

The existence of genetic variability is a key element of the adaptive potential of a natural population to stress. In this study we estimated the additive and non-additive components of the genetic variability of net reproductive rate (R(0)) in a natural Daphnia magna population exposed to Cd stress at two different temperatures. To this end, life-table experiments were conducted with 20 parental and 39 offspring clonal lineages following a 2 × 2 design with Cd concentration (control vs. 3.7 μg Cd/L) and temperature (20 vs. 24 °C) as factors. Offspring lineages were obtained through inter-clonal crossing of the different parental lineages. The population mean, additive and non-additive genetic components of variation in each treatment were estimated by fitting an Animal Model to the observed R(0) values using restricted maximum likelihood estimation. From those estimates broad-sense heritabilities (H(2)), narrow-sense heritabilities (h(2)), total (CV(G)) and additive genetic coefficients of variation (CV(A)) of R(0) were calculated. The exposure to Cd imposed a considerable level of stress to the population, as shown by the fact that the population mean of R(0) exposed to Cd was significantly lower than in the control at the corresponding temperature, i.e. by 23 % at 20 °C and by 88 % at 24 °C. The latter difference indicates that increasing temperature increased the stress level imposed by Cd. The H² and CV(G) were significantly greater than 0 in all treatments, suggesting that there is a considerable degree of genetic determination of R(0) in this population and that clonal selection could rapidly lead to increasing population mean fitness under all investigated conditions. More specifically, the H² was 0.392 at 20 °C+Cd and 0.563 at 24 °C+Cd; the CV(G) was 30.0 % at 20 °C+Cd and was significantly higher (147.6 %) in the 24 °C+Cd treatment. Significant values of h(2) (= 0.23) and CV(A) (= 89.7 %) were only found in the 24 °C+Cd treatment, suggesting

Estimation of biological variation and reference change value of glycated hemoglobin (HbA(1c)) when two analytical methods are used.

Science.gov (United States)

Ucar, Fatma; Erden, Gonul; Ginis, Zeynep; Ozturk, Gulfer; Sezer, Sevilay; Gurler, Mukaddes; Guneyk, Ahmet

2013-10-01

Available data on biological variation of HbA1c revealed marked heterogeneity. We therefore investigated and estimated the components of biological variation for HbA1c in a group of healthy individuals by applying a recommended and strictly designed study protocol using two different assay methods. Each month, samples were derived on the same day, for three months. Four EDTA whole blood samples were collected from each individual (20 women, 9 men; 20-45 years of age) and stored at -80°C until analysis. HbA1c values were measured by both high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) (Shimadzu, Prominence, Japan) and boronate affinity chromatography methods (Trinity Biotech, Premier Hb9210, Ireland). All samples were assayed in duplicate in a single batch for each assay method. Estimations were calculated according to the formulas described by Fraser and Harris. The within subject (CV(I))-between subject (CV(G)) biological variations were 1.17% and 5.58%, respectively for HPLC. The calculated CV(I) and CV(G) were 2.15% and 4.03%, respectively for boronate affinity chromatography. Reference change value (RCV) for HPLC and boronate affinity chromatography was 5.4% and 10.4% respectively and individuality index of HbA(1c) was 0.35 and 0.93 respectively. This study for the first time described the components of biological variation for HbA1c in healthy individuals by two different assay methods. Obtained findings showed that the difference between CV(A) values of the methods might considerably affect RCV. These data regarding biological variation of HbA(1c) could be useful for a better evaluation of HbA(1c) test results in clinical interpretation. Copyright © 2013 The Canadian Society of Clinical Chemists. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

M S MOLECULARES Rumo aos limites da miniaturiza o - (Molecular Magnets - towards the limits of miniaturization)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Reis, Mario S [Universidade Federal Fluminense, Brasil; Moreira Dos Santos, Antonio F [ORNL

2010-01-01

Por s culos, acreditou-se que o magnetismo s se manifestava em metais, como aqueles contendo ferro; hoje, a imagem mais comum de um m talvez seja a daquelas plaquinhas flex veis coladas geladeira com propagandas dos mais diversos tipos. O leitor conseguiria imaginar um material puramente org nico daqueles que formam os seres vivos como magn tico? E m s do tamanho de mol culas? fato: ambos existem. Esses novos materiais, conhecidos como magnetos moleculares, descobertos e desenvolvidos em v rios laborat rios do mundo, j re nem longa lista de aplica es, do tratamento do c ncer a refrigeradores ecol gicos, passando pela transmiss o de eletricidade sem perda de calor e a fabrica o de computadores extremamente velozes.

Comportamiento en fluencia de un material compuesto de matriz metálica Al6061-15 vol % SiCw pulvimetalúrgico

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González-Doncel, G.

2005-12-01

Full Text Available The creep behavior of a powder metallurgy (PM Al6061-15 vol % SiCw metal matrix composite has been studied. This behavior has been compared to that of 6061Al cast alloy and 6061Al PM alloy. The creep response of the PM unreinforced alloy is better than that of the cast 6061Al alloy. Similarly, the behavior of the composite is better than that of the PM unreinforced alloy. Two microstructural factors have been considered the responsible ones of this improvement. The first one is the dispersion of Al2O3 oxide particles of nanometric scale. The second one, is the presence of the SiC whisker reinforcement of micrometric scale. Despite the similar strengthening effect, the intrinsic nature of the reinforcing mechanism is, however, different for each type of particle due to the different microstructural scale.Se ha realizado un estudio de las propiedades en fluencia del material compuesto pulvimetalúrgico Al6061-15 vol % SiCw. Su comportamiento se ha comparado con el de la aleación Al6061 pulvimetalúrgica y la aleación Al6061 de colada. El comportamiento del material pulvimetalúrgico sin reforzar mejora respecto al del material de colada. Al mismo tiempo, el del material compuesto mejora respecto al comportamiento del material pulvimetalúrgico sin reforzar. Se consideran dos factores microestructurales como los principales responsables de la mejora de las propiedades en fluencia de este material compuesto. Por un lado, las partículas de Al2O3 de tamaño nanométrico y, por otro, las partículas de fibra corta cerámicas de SiC de tamaño micrométrico. Aunque ambos tipos de partículas dan lugar a un efecto de refuerzo similar, los mecanismos intrínsecos asociados a la presencia de estas partículas tienen una naturaleza diferente debido a la diferencia en la escala microestructural.

Proposición de dos aleaciones fundidas para su estudio en la construcción de martillos de molinos desmeduladores de bagazo. // Proposition of two casted alloys for their study in the construction of bagasse crush mills hammers.

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F. Diez Torres

2005-05-01

Full Text Available El presente trabajo constituye un análisis teórico que tiene como objetivo la determinación de cuáles serían las aleaciones autilizar y la tecnología de colada adecuada para la fabricación de los martillos de los desmeduladores de bagazo a partir dealeaciones fundidas resistentes al desgaste.Se analizan los resultados de las experiencias realizadas con recubrimientos por soldadura de recargue duro, con los cualesse corroboraron las hipótesis sobre los mecanismos de desgaste ocurrentes y las estructuras metalográficas adecuadas paracada perfil del martillo.Se propone la realización de ensayos de campo con martillos construidos con hierros al cromo debido a que se caracterizanpor poseer carburos de cromo con la posibilidad de obtener diferentes contenidos y distribución de los mismos en matricesque van desde la austenítica a martensítica. Se propone realizar los ensayos con las aleaciones 15-3 y 20-3 con y sintratamiento térmico y con colada en coquilla, con diferentes velocidades de enfriamiento en cada perfil de trabajo con el finde obtener la estructura metalográfica adecuada.Palabras claves: Aleaciones, martillos desmenuzadores de bagazo, recubrimiento por soldadura.____________________________________________________________________________Abstract.The present paper constitutes a theoretical analysis for the determination of an appropriate cast technology determinationfor the production of bagasse crush hammers with wear cast iron alloys.The results of welding hard facing coatings with the wear mechanisms hypothesis and appropriate metallographic structureswere corroborated.Field tests with chromium cast iron hammers are proposed due that this alloys is characterized to posses chromiumcarbides, with the possibility to obtain different contents and distribution in austenitic, martensitic or intermediate metalmatrices. Tests with 15-3 and 20-3 alloys with or without thermal treatment and metal mold casting with different

Desarrollo de intermetálicos TiAl mediante técnicas pulvimetalúrgicas convencionales y de alta densificación

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Vicente Amigó-Borrás

2014-01-01

Full Text Available Cada día hay más demanda de materiales que ofrezcan altas temperaturas de servicio y bajo peso; pero su fabricación es compleja y costosa, particularmente la de las superaleaciones de base cobalto y la de las aleaciones de titanio; dentro de estas últimas, los intermetálicos TiAl y Ti3Al son ampliamente reconocidos para satisfacer las necesidades actuales; sin embargo, la colada y forja de estos intermetálicos, que tienen una mejor resistencia frente a la oxidación a elevadas temperaturas, resulta muy compleja, y es por lo que, partiendo de polvo prealeado, se busca obtener productos prácticamente acabados con un coste razonable. El presente trabajo analiza la influencia de las variables de procesado de polvos intermetálicos Ti48Al2Cr2Nb, mediante técnicas pulvimetalúrgicas convencionales y Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS, en su microestructura y en sus propiedades mecánicas. Se obtienen muestras a diferentes temperaturas de sinterización a partir de polvos obtenidos por atomización. La influencia en las propiedades mecánicas se observa mediante su microdureza y resistencia a la compresión, realizándose un seguimiento de la microestructura mediante microscopía óptica y electrónica de barrido.Las condiciones de procesado muestran un gran efecto en la microestructura obtenida, fundamentalmente en la formación de la fase α2, que acompaña las propiedades mecánicas finales. Sin embargo, es con el proceso de máxima densificación donde se obtienen las propiedadesadecuadas, lo cual hace pensar que es una alternativa clara a los procesos actuales de colada y deformación plástica.

Syllable Effects in a Fragment Detection Task in Italian Listeners

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Caroline eFloccia

2012-05-01

Full Text Available In the line of the monitoring studies initiated by Mehler et al. (1981, a group of Italian listeners were asked to detect auditory CV and CVC targets in carrier words beginning with a CV, a CVC or a CVG (G = geminate syllable with variable initial syllable stress. By slowing participants reaction times, using both catch and foil trials, a syllable effect was found, partially modulated by participants’ speed but not by stress location. When catch trials were removed in a second experiment the syllable effect was not observed, even if reaction times were similar to that of the first experiment. We discuss these data in relation to the language transparency hypothesis and the nature of the pivotal consonant.

Determinação do módulo de elasticidade em madeira laminada colada por meio de ensaio não destrutivo (''stress wave timer'' Determination of the elasticity module in glulam through a non destructive assay (stress wave timer

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Alexsandro Bayestorff da Cunha

2010-04-01

Full Text Available As vigas estruturais de madeira são formas racionais do emprego da madeira na construção de estruturas, sendo obtidas pela associação de peças serradas e permitindo a utilização de tábuas com seções e comprimentos variados, além de combinações com madeira de qualidade diferenciada. Para atingir a resistência máxima de uma viga de madeira laminada colada, pode-se utilizar a classificação mecânica das peças por meio dinâmico. O objetivo deste estudo foi estabelecer correlação entre os métodos estático e dinâmico de classificação de vigas de madeira laminada. O trabalho foi desenvolvido com o emprego de peças de madeira serrada de Pinus taeda e adesivo resorcina fenolformaldeído. O processo de fabricação das vigas envolveu a classificação das peças, usinagem de emendas, formação das lamelas, montagem e prensagem das vigas. Já os ensaios envolveram a determinação do módulo de elasticidade por meio do ''stress wave method'' e de uma máquina universal de ensaios. Os resultados foram analisados pela análise de regressão do estabelecimento da equação de ajuste de correlação. O sistema de classificação visual utilizado na seleção de peças foi insuficiente para se atingirem os valores máximos de módulo de elasticidade; o posicionamento correto das lamelas por meio do método dinâmico de classificação teve como consequência direta o aumento do módulo de elasticidade da viga, e houve baixa correlação entre as formas de obtenção do módulo de elasticidade das vigas, não sendo possível a elaboração de equação adequada entre os métodos testados.Structural wood beams are a form of rational use of wood in construction of structures; being obtained through the association of sawn pieces, and allowing the use of boards with various sections and lengths, as well as combinations with a differentiated quality wood. To achieve the maximum strength of a Glulam, you can use the mechanical

From Animosity to Cooperation - Conflict resolution and mineral development in the tropics - The Las Cristinas experience

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Davidson, Jeffrey; Wotruba, Hermann

2004-01-01

When the Venezuelan government decided to consolidate the Las Cristinas mining leases in the mid 1980 in order to permit the promotion of intensive exploration and large-scale development of the property by private interests, it did not take into account the impacts that this decision would have on the viability of the livelihoods of thousands of independent artisanal miners working in the kilometre 88 mining district. The government wanted to introduce rationality and business sense into the exploitation of mineral resources, that it sensed it had failed to do by focusing solely on state controlled and independent small holder development of mineral resources. The assistance provided by the small-scale mining support program (1980s and early 1990s) of the Corporacion Venezolana de Guayana (the state development corporation), even with external help from the US Department of Agriculture's Forest Service, had benefited only small pockets of miners and their communities; while most activity remained disorganized, haphazard, and environmentally and socially disruptive. As a pre-requisite to opening Las Cristinas to foreign investment, CVG shut down all existing mining operations on the property and cleared the property of encampments and established villages (late 1980s). In advance of turning the property over to placer dome Latin America in 1992, CVG completed the job of reubicacion removing the last remaining communities of independent miners from the property. No alternative areas were made available for the displaced miners the contract between CVG and placer dome prohibited the operating company (MINCA) from permitting independent miners from returning to work on the property. Furthermore, there existed a political and regulatory vacuum with regard to local mining practice and the rights of local miners, and this put the company at a disadvantage in terms of finding ways of dealing constructively with the situation in which it found itself. About 3500 people had

Caracterización morfoscópica de los materiales piroclásticos sálicos del sur de Tenerife (Islas Canarias

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Alonso, J. J.

1987-12-01

Full Text Available In this work, several morphological aspects of volcanic ash grains from southern Tenerife are studied by S.E.M. Important variations in vesiculation, fracture and wheathering of pyroclasts are observed. It's possible to characterize diferent types of deposits (pyroclastic falIs, pyroclastic flow, surges, etc. in function of the pumice fragments surface.En este trabajo se estudian mediante M.E.B. (Microscopio Electrónico de Barrido diversos aspectos morfológicos de granos de cenizas volcánicas del sur de Tenerife. Son observadas importantes variaciones en la vesiculación, fracturación y alteraciones de los piroclastos. Es posible caracterizar distintos tipos de depósitos (piroclastos de caída, coladas piroclásticas, surges, etc. en función de las características superficiales de los fragmentos pumíticos.

Influencia de los tratamientos térmicos en el comportamiento frente al desgaste por abrasión de una fundición de grafito esferoidal obtenida mediante adición de boro

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Varela, A.

2008-08-01

Full Text Available By adding boron to the liquid metal, it is possible to obtain spheroidal graphite cast iron without any need for special inoculants. The boron may be in metallic form; alternatively, borax, ferroboron, boron carbonate or borocalcium can be used. These alloys as cast present a pearlite matrix with more or less spheroidal graphite, which is usually edged in ferrite that has markings in the shape of bull’s eye. With normalising, the ferrite edges are eliminated. Thus, a pearlite matrix is achieved. Annealing results in an entirely ferrite matrix; quenching and tempering produce a tempered martensite matrix.This study measures the behaviour under wear of this alloy as cast, normalised, annealed, quenched and tempered . A “pin on disk” test is employed; load and speed conditions, as well as the pin type, are kept constant. Moreover, wear is calculated through weighing, and the variation for the friction coefficient is determined in each case.

Mediante la adición de boro al metal líquido, bien en forma metálica o en forma de bórax, ferroboro, carburo de boro o boruro cálcico, se pueden obtener fundiciones de grafito esferoidal sin necesidad de inoculantes especiales. Estas fundiciones en estado bruto de colada presentan una matriz perlítica con grafito más o menos esferoidal que suele estar orlado de ferrita formando ojos de buey. Por tratamiento térmico de normalizado, se consigue eliminar la orla ferrítica y tener una matriz enteramente perlítica. Por recocido, se puede obtener una matriz enteramente ferrítica y por temple y revenido una matriz de martensita revenida. En el presente trabajo se mide el comportamiento frente al desgaste abrasivo de la aleación indicada, en estado bruto de colada, normalizado, recocido y bonificado, utilizando el ensayo pin on disk, manteniendo fijas las condiciones de ensayo en cuanto a carga, velocidad y tipo de pin, calculando el desgaste producido por pesada. También, se

Biological variation and analytical imprecision of CA 125 in patients with ovarian cancer

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Tuxen, M K; Sölétormos, G; Rustin, G J

2000-01-01

Despite the availability of serial data on CA 125 in ovarian cancer, the problem of interpreting a change over time is still unsolved. Changes in marker concentrations are due not only to patients improving or deteriorating but also to analytical imprecision and normal intra-individual biological...... variation. The aim of this study was to assess the analytical imprecision (CV(A)) and the intra- and inter-individual biological variation (CV(I) and CV(G), respectively) of CA 125 in a group of 26 patients with clinically stable ovarian cancer. Furthermore, the critical difference for a change between two...... for serum tumor marker assessment during monitoring of patients with ovarian cancer. The cut-off value of CA 125 is of minor value in detecting unusual results for an individual subject, when previous measurements from an individual are available. These measurements should be preferred as reference...

Cisalhamento na Linha de Cola de Eucalyptus sp. Colado com Diferentes Adesivos e Diferentes Gramaturas

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Juliana Jerásio Bianche

2017-08-01

Full Text Available RESUMO O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a resistência ao cisalhamento na linha de cola de juntas de Eucalyptus sp. coladas com diferentes adesivos e diferentes gramaturas. Para a colagem das juntas foi utilizada a madeira de Eucalyptus sp., dois adesivos de cura a quente (fenol-formaldeído e melamina-formaldeído, quatro adesivos de cura a frio [resorcinol-formaldeído, silicato de sódio, PVA (acetato de polivinila e poliuretano à base de mamona], empregando-se gramaturas de 150 g, 200 g e 250 g/m2 em face dupla. Foram determinados aresistência ao cisalhamento e à falha na madeira, e cisalhamento em condição úmida. Os resultados obtidos indicaram que os adesivos de mamona e resorcinol apresentaram maior resistência ao cisalhamento na linha de cola na condição seca. Os adesivos de mamona e fenol-formaldeído apresentaram maior percentual de falha na madeira na condição seca.

Venezuelan contribution to the ozone layer preservation

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Pereira, M.H.; Coltters, R.; Damian, A. [Universidad La Urbina, Caracas (Venezuela). Escuela de Ingenieria Mecanica

1995-12-31

There are two ways to solve the problem of the ozone layer destruction in the upper atmosphere by the harmful chlorine which comes from CFC refrigerants and from aerosols. The first one is to replace the old equipment by new ones which work with non-contaminant refrigerants and the second solution is to establish a conversion program according to the Montreal Protocol and the Vienna Convention. According to this, some Venezuelan Companies are beginning to replace the car`s air conditioning equipment, and others like CVG-SIDOR are making an accelerated program for its central air conditioning system. Another company, C.A. Metro de Caracas, has made a progressive program for the replacement of Freon R-11 and R-12 for HFC 123 and HFC-134a respectively. The results indicate that the most economical solution is to replace these refrigerants instead of replacing the equipment completely.

Radiation sensors based on the generation of mobile protons in organic dielectrics.

Science.gov (United States)

Kapetanakis, Eleftherios; Douvas, Antonios M; Argitis, Panagiotis; Normand, Pascal

2013-06-26

A sensing scheme based on mobile protons generated by radiation, including ionizing radiation (IonR), in organic gate dielectrics is investigated for the development of metal-insulator-semiconductor (MIS)-type dosimeters. Application of an electric field to the gate dielectric moves the protons and thereby alters the flat band voltage (VFB) of the MIS device. The shift in the VFB is proportional to the IonR-generated protons and, therefore, to the IonR total dose. Triphenylsulfonium nonaflate (TPSNF) photoacid generator (PAG)-containing poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) polymeric films was selected as radiation-sensitive gate dielectrics. The effects of UV (249 nm) and gamma (Co-60) irradiations on the high-frequency capacitance versus the gate voltage (C-VG) curves of the MIS devices were investigated for different total dose values. Systematic improvements in sensitivity can be accomplished by increasing the concentration of the TPSNF molecules embedded in the polymeric matrix.

A photodiode based on PbS nanocrystallites for FYTRONIX solar panel automatic tracking controller

Science.gov (United States)

Wageh, S.; Farooq, W. A.; Tataroğlu, A.; Dere, A.; Al-Sehemi, Abdullah G.; Al-Ghamdi, Ahmed A.; Yakuphanoglu, F.

2017-12-01

The structural, optical and photoelectrical properties of the fabricated Al/PbS/p-Si/Al photodiode based on PbS nanocrystallites were investigated. The PbS nanocrystallites were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV-VIS-NIR, Infrared and Raman spectroscopy. The XRD diffraction peaks show that the prepared PbS nanostructure is in high crystalline state. Various electrical parameters of the prepared photodiode were analyzed from the electrical characteristics based on I-V and C-V-G. The photodiode has a high rectification ratio of 5.85×104 at dark and ±4 V. Moreover, The photocurrent results indicate a strong photovoltaic behavior. The frequency dependence of capacitance and conductance characteristics was attributed to depletion region behavior of the photodiode. The diode was used to control solar panel power automatic tracking controller in dual axis. The fabricated photodiode works as a photosensor to control Solar tracking systems.

Mejora de la calidad del acero obtenido por colada continua mediante influencias electrofísicas

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Shklyar, V.

1998-12-01

Full Text Available Laboratory tests with tin smelted in a crucible and industrial tests with crude steel poured in moulds had been carried out. These metals were subjected to electrophysical influences. As a result of the applied electric field, it is observed in tin that during the solidification, the crystalization temperature and the solidification time are changed. Crystal growth in the electric field direction and an increase of the fracture limit in the steel ingot are observed.

Se han realizado ensayos de laboratorio con estaño fundido en crisol y a escala industrial con acero líquido vertidos en moldes, sometiendo estos metales a influencias electrofísicas. Como resultado del campo aplicado, en el estaño se observa que durante la solidificación varía la temperatura de cristalización y el tiempo de solidificación. En el lingote de acero se observa un crecimiento de los cristales en dirección del campo eléctrico y un aumento del límite de rotura.

Influencia del tratamiento HIP en la distribución de los carburos en prótesis Co-Cr-Mo

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Amigó, V.

2004-04-01

Full Text Available The development of porous coatings by microspheres sintering is made on cobalt alloys at high temperatures. These temperatures modify the base alloy microstructure, and some partial fusions can appear if temperatures are about eutectic temperature. High temperature is conditioned by diffusion in these alloy, needed to form adequate bonds between beads and substrate Solution annealing and hot isostatic pressing process (HIP modify the casting microstructure and reduce the porosity. These treatments involve high temperatures like 1200°C, dissolving carbides and modifying its morphology and distribution. The influence of HIP treatment in the evolution of distribution and morphology of carbides is studied.

El desarrollo de recubrimientos porosos por sinterizado de microesferas en prótesis de cobalto precisa de una sinterización a temperaturas elevadas, a las que se producen cambios microestructurales notables e incluso fusiones parciales al superar la temperatura de transformación eutéctica de estas aleaciones Co-Cr-Mo. Las temperaturas tan elevadas de tratamiento de sinterización vienen condicionadas por la difusividad en estas aleaciones y la necesidad de crear los cuellos necesarios entre las bolas y éstas con el material base, de manera que permitan unas características mecánicas adecuadas a la aplicación de las prótesis. Estos cambios microestructurales, desde la microestructura de colada de la aleación, pueden ser controlados mediante los tratamientos complementarios de solubilización. Además, es frecuente someter al material de colada, para reducir la porosidad residual y modificar la distribución de los poros, a prensado isostático en caliente, HIP, a temperaturas alrededor de los 1200°C. Este nuevo tratamiento permite una redisolución de parte de los carburos con una modificación importante del lugar de precipitación de los mismos durante el enfriamiento lento que los lleva hacia borde de grano, con un notable

Evolución microestructural y mecánica de una aleación de aluminio de la serie 3xxx obtenida por el proceso Hazelett

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Salvador, M. D.

2007-12-01

Full Text Available This paper presents the thermal, microstructural and mechanical changes of a AA3005 aluminium alloy during the different stages of manufacturing process, from continuous cast billet (20 mm thick , along the different plastic deformation stages, till the last lamination (1.5 mm thick. The optical and scanning electron microscopy study of the different sheets obtained both in the cast and after each lamination, as well as the differential scanning calorimetry study has allowed us to identify the different thermal states of the sheets. The information provided by this technique was completed by transmision electron microscopy analysis. The interaction between the different processes occurred in the material during its manufacturing determines its final microstructural state, its mechanical properties, evaluated with hardness and tensile tests, as well as its behaviour for later forming processes. The recrystallization and precipitation phenomena increase mechanical properties during the manufacturing process.

El presente trabajo expone los resultados del estudio térmico, microestructural y mecánico realizado en una aleación AA3005 sometida a los diferentes estados del proceso Hazelett. Se estudia, desde la salida de la colada continua, pasando por distintos estados de deformación plástica en caliente, hasta alcanzar en la última laminación un espesor de 1,5 mm. Se realiza la observación por microscopia óptica y electrónica de barrido de las diferentes planchas procedentes tanto de la colada como de las posteriores laminaciones. Así mismo, la aplicación de la calorimetría diferencial de barrido ha permitido conocer los diferentes estados térmicos de las chapas, completando dicha información mediante su observación en el microscopio electrónico de transmisión. La interacción entre los diferentes procesos que ocurren en el material durante su producción determina el estado microestructural final de la lámina, condicionante

Image Enhancement via Subimage Histogram Equalization Based on Mean and Variance

Science.gov (United States)

2017-01-01

This paper puts forward a novel image enhancement method via Mean and Variance based Subimage Histogram Equalization (MVSIHE), which effectively increases the contrast of the input image with brightness and details well preserved compared with some other methods based on histogram equalization (HE). Firstly, the histogram of input image is divided into four segments based on the mean and variance of luminance component, and the histogram bins of each segment are modified and equalized, respectively. Secondly, the result is obtained via the concatenation of the processed subhistograms. Lastly, the normalization method is deployed on intensity levels, and the integration of the processed image with the input image is performed. 100 benchmark images from a public image database named CVG-UGR-Database are used for comparison with other state-of-the-art methods. The experiment results show that the algorithm can not only enhance image information effectively but also well preserve brightness and details of the original image. PMID:29403529

Assessment of Hg Pollution Released from a WWII Submarine Wreck (U-864) by Hg Isotopic Analysis of Sediments and Cancer pagurus Tissues.

Science.gov (United States)

Rua-Ibarz, Ana; Bolea-Fernandez, Eduardo; Maage, Amund; Frantzen, Sylvia; Valdersnes, Stig; Vanhaecke, Frank

2016-10-04

Hg pollution released from the U-864 submarine sunk during WWII and potential introduction of that Hg into the marine food chain have been studied by a combination of quantitative Hg and MeHg determination and Hg isotopic analysis via cold vapor generation multicollector inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (CVG-MC-ICP-MS) in sediment and Cancer pagurus samples. The sediment pollution could be unequivocally linked with the metallic Hg present in the wreck. Crabs were collected at the wreck location and 4 nmi north and south, and their brown and claw meat were analyzed separately. For brown meat, the δ 202 Hg values of the individuals from the wreck location were shifted toward the isotopic signature of the sediment and, thus, the submarine Hg. Such differences were not found for claw meat. The isotope ratio results suggest direct ingestion of metallic Hg by C. pagurus but do not offer any proof for any other introduction of the submarine Hg into the marine food chain.

Image Enhancement via Subimage Histogram Equalization Based on Mean and Variance

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Liyun Zhuang

2017-01-01

Full Text Available This paper puts forward a novel image enhancement method via Mean and Variance based Subimage Histogram Equalization (MVSIHE, which effectively increases the contrast of the input image with brightness and details well preserved compared with some other methods based on histogram equalization (HE. Firstly, the histogram of input image is divided into four segments based on the mean and variance of luminance component, and the histogram bins of each segment are modified and equalized, respectively. Secondly, the result is obtained via the concatenation of the processed subhistograms. Lastly, the normalization method is deployed on intensity levels, and the integration of the processed image with the input image is performed. 100 benchmark images from a public image database named CVG-UGR-Database are used for comparison with other state-of-the-art methods. The experiment results show that the algorithm can not only enhance image information effectively but also well preserve brightness and details of the original image.

Image Enhancement via Subimage Histogram Equalization Based on Mean and Variance.

Science.gov (United States)

Zhuang, Liyun; Guan, Yepeng

2017-01-01

This paper puts forward a novel image enhancement method via Mean and Variance based Subimage Histogram Equalization (MVSIHE), which effectively increases the contrast of the input image with brightness and details well preserved compared with some other methods based on histogram equalization (HE). Firstly, the histogram of input image is divided into four segments based on the mean and variance of luminance component, and the histogram bins of each segment are modified and equalized, respectively. Secondly, the result is obtained via the concatenation of the processed subhistograms. Lastly, the normalization method is deployed on intensity levels, and the integration of the processed image with the input image is performed. 100 benchmark images from a public image database named CVG-UGR-Database are used for comparison with other state-of-the-art methods. The experiment results show that the algorithm can not only enhance image information effectively but also well preserve brightness and details of the original image.

Optimización del proceso de fabricación de alambres de aleación 6201 T-81

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Néstor Caicedo Solano

2011-01-01

Full Text Available Durante el proceso de fabricación de alambres de aleación 6201 T-81 puede llegar a generarse un incremento del porcentaje de producto no conforme por baja carga de rotura, baja conductividad e incumplimiento del diámetro, a pesar de que la colada de aleación cumpla con los requisitos de composición química especificados en la Norma ASTM B398 (alambres de aleación de aluminio 6201 T-81 y que además, durante el proceso de trefilación de los alambres, se controlen las variables mecánicas y eléctricas que garanticen la calidad final del producto en el último proceso: el tratamiento térmico. Este trabajo está enfocado al mejoramiento del proceso de fabricación de los alambres de aleación 6201 T-81 para conductores eléctricos AAAC, utilizando estrategias experimentales, fundamentos de dominancia y control estadístico de procesos, con el fin de optimizar las condiciones de carga de rotura, conductividad y diámetro.

Experiencias en el empleo de refractarios en la siderurgia No integral

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Laraudogoitia, J. J.

2006-10-01

Full Text Available SIDENOR INDUSTRIAL S.L. is a steelmaking company producing special steel long products, devoted to a high extent for automotive applications. Production facilities at Sidenor Basauri plant include electric arc furnace, secondary metallurgy station (two ladle furnaces sharing a vacuum tank degasser and continuous casting process followed by direct rolling. The refractory consumption at Basauri plant facilities is concentrated in the steelmaking shop with 97% out of total consumption. Regarding the steelmaking shop, refractory consumption has the following distribution: 50% continuous casting, 35% ladle and 15% electric arc furnace and rest of applications. The refractory material suitability is defined in SIDENOR from three points of view: - Quality level aimed for final products - Total cost, taking into account purchase price, installation cost, running cost and energetic consumption associated to its use - Emissions environmental impact due to drying and preheating of refractory products The characterisation of the refractory material performance is done in three different levels: - Steady state working conditions (wearing, spalling, thermal insulation, air tightness… - Theoretical study and measurements from thermal and environmental point of view - Sudden and none predicted failures.

SIDENOR INDUSTRIAL S.L. es una empresa siderúrgica fabricante de productos largos de acero especial, dirigidos en un alto porcentaje al mercado de automoción. En las instalaciones que SIDENOR posee en Basauri, el proceso de fabricación se desarrolla vía horno eléctrico de arco, metalurgia secundaria (horno cuchara y estación de vacío en tanque y colada continua, seguido de un proceso de laminación directa sin acondicionado previo. Para las instalaciones consideradas el empleo de material refractario se concentra fundamentalmente en la acería, con un 97% del refractario total. Considerando el consumo de acería, el 50% corresponde a colada

AVALIAÇÃO DA RESISTÊNCIA AO CISALHAMENTO E À DELAMINAÇÃO EM MADEIRA LAMINADA COLADA

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Carlito Calil Neto

2014-01-01

Full Text Available The Glued Laminated Wood has a large range of applications. In Brazil, its employment as cross-piece poles for overhead electrical power has attracted the attention of companies in the industry, motivated by the potential use of this material. Among the factors that influence the mechanical performance of Glulam solutions stand out efficiency and affinity of the adhesives to the species of wood used, the type of treatment and moisture content of wood veneer, motivating the development of new research on this topic. This research aimed to investigate, by Design of Experiments (DOE, the influence of wood (pinus, teca, eucalipto, adhesive (Purbond; Cascophen and treatment (CCA, CCB, CCBS in the variable responses shear strength and delamination, consisting in the same combination factors evaluated in ANEEL/EESCPD220- 07 project: Head Crosshead Glulam Series. The results of the statistical analysis showed that the species factor expressed significant effect for both response variables evaluated, did not occur with adhesive and treatment factors. Moisture content was significant in the wood evaluated when analyzed the shear strength, and the teca wood showed the highest shear strength and also relating to the delamination.

ESTUDIO ERGONÓMICO EN LAS ÁREAS DE FUSIÓN Y COLADA DE UNA EMPRESA METALÚRGICA

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María Moreno Ríos

2008-11-01

Full Text Available

Se realiza una evaluación ergonómica de carácter integral para mejorar las condiciones de trabajo de una empresa metalúrgica. Para ello se estimó la capacidad física, se estudió la postura, se caracterizó el ambiente laboral y factores psicosociales en once puestos de trabajo. Los resultados muestran que los trabajadores operan en una zona de seguridad fisiológica. El ruido y ambiente térmico son los factores ambientales de mayor impacto y de los componentes psicosociales, la iniciativa y el estatus social presentan nocividad. La postura no neutral es el elemento más estresante. Se plantean estrategias técnicas y administrativas para disminuir la nocividad encontrada.

Potencial genético de um sintético de milho de grãos duros para formação de híbridos Genetic potential of a flint maize synthetic for hybrid production

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Elto Eugenio Gomes e Gama

2003-08-01

Full Text Available O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar através das estimativas de parâmetros genéticos o potencial de um sintético de milho de grãos duros e de ciclo semiprecoce, para a formação de híbridos e/ou melhoramento intrapopulacional. Foram utilizadas 142 progênies endogâmicas S2 do Sin EEL Flint, em cruzamentos topcrosses com um Sintético heteroticamente contrastante. Essas progênies topcrosses foram avaliadas utilizando-se o delineamento em látice simples 12 x 12, e em dois locais de teste. Os maiores valores médios para PED foram observados para os topcrosses n.º 101 (12069kg ha-1 e nº 72 (11068Kg ha-1, tendo o primeiro apresentado comportamento específico para Londrina, e o segunda demonstrado comportamento superior nos dois ambientes. Os valores das estimativas dos parâmetros estudados foram semelhantes aos encontrados em alguns estudos conduzidos em condições tropicais. O grupo de progênies S2 da Sin EEL Flint conduziu a valores médios de , CVg e h² similares aos encontrados na literatura para outros genótipos. Observa-se que esse Sintético possui suficiente variabilidade genética e potencial para extração de linhagens para formação de híbridos e como germoplasma em programas de melhoramento.The objective of this study was to determine the genetic potential of a semi-early maize synthetic with flint type kernel (Sin EEL Flint. The estimation of genetic parameters was obtained with S2 progenies, and the performance of the progenies in hybrid combinations were evaluated. One hundred fourty-two S2 progenies of Sin EEL Flint were used. They were obtained by top crossings with a contrasting heterotic synthetic of dent type kernel. These topcross progenies were tested in a lattice design 12 x 12 with two replications in two locations, Sete Lagoas and Londrina. The selected topcross nº 101, with specific adaptation for Londrina. and nº72, being adapted to both locations, were the best yieldings (PED with 12069Kg ha-1 and

SIMULACIÓN DE FORMACIÓN DE ESTRUCTURAS DE GRANO PERIMETRAL, COLUMNAR Y EQUIAXIAL EN SECCIONES DE ACERO INCLUYENDO RUTINAS DE PRE-SOLIDIFICACIÓN

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Adán Ramírez-López

2010-01-01

Full Text Available Este trabajo muestra el desarrollo y la implementación de algoritmos computacionales basados en teoría del caos y autómatas celulares para la simulación del crecimiento de granos en secciones cuadradas de acero producidas por colada continua. Se desarrollaron tres algoritmos para la simulación de las estructuras de grano en las zonas perimetral, columnar y equiaxial; incluyen rutinas para estimular la nucleación y crecimiento del grano. Estas fueron compiladas separadamente al algoritmo principal con el objeto de hacer más eficiente el sistema de simulación. Los algoritmos analizan todos los nodos a cada paso, durante la simulación de cálculo y una interfase de despliegue gráfico muestra en la pantalla el proceso de solidificación. La teoría del caos fue empleada integrando un proceso aleatorio de selección. El resultado de este análisis es una imagen digital de celdas que representan a los granos (autómata celular y es desplegada en la pantalla en función a un código numérico asignado a las posiciones nodales.

Diseño de polvos de molde para colada continua de slabs de aceros bajo carbono

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Cruz-Ramírez, A.

2004-02-01

Full Text Available Commercial fluxes were characterized by laboratory tests, and their original properties were changed with additions of chemical reagents in order to establish criteria and design strategies to produce new fluxes. The characterization of the commercial fluxes reveals that they are produced by simple mechanical blend of minerals, using feldspars and clays as base materials, containing SiO₂, Al₂O₃, Na₂ O and in less quantity K₂O, MgO, Fe₂ O₃and MnO; limestone as the main source of CaO, fluorspar (CaF₂ used to control the viscosity and graphite as carbon source. Melting-solidification tests revealed melting and fluidity temperatures and the existence of abundant mineralogical phases formed during the flux solidification. Some important mineralogical compounds are the nepheline (NaAlSiO₄ and cuspidine (Ca₄Si₂O₇F₂; these species have a direct influence on the heat transfer phenomena from strand to mold and therefore on the phase transformations and the shrinkage of the steel.

A partir de la caracterización de polvos comerciales mediante pruebas de laboratorio y la modificación de sus propiedades mediante adiciones de compuestos químicos, se identificaron y desarrollaron criterios y estrategias de diseño que sirvieron de base para elaborar nuevos polvos. La caracterización de los polvos comerciales indica que se fabrican por simple mezcla mecánica de minerales, utilizando feldespatos y arcillas como materiales base, que contienen SiO₂, Al₂O₃, Na₂ O y, en menor proporción, K ₂O, MgO, Fe₂ O₃ y MnO, caliza como fuente principal de CaO, fluorita (CaF₂ como fluidificante y grafito como fuente de carbono. Mediante pruebas de fusión-solidificación se determinaron las temperaturas de fusión y fluidez de los polvos y se identificó una gran variedad de especies cristalinas que se forman durante la solidificación, entre las que destacan la nefelina (NaAlSiO₄ y la cuspidina (Ca₄Si₂O₇F₂, que tienen una influencia directa sobre los fenómenos de transferencia de calor de la línea al molde y, por lo tanto, en la velocidad de transformación de fases y de contracción del acero.

Development of industry processes simulators. Part II (continuous casting); Desarrollo de simuladores para procesos industriales. Parte II (Colada continua)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ramirez, A.; Mosqueda, A.; Sauce, V.; Morales, R.; Ramos, A.; Solario, G.

2006-07-01

The understanding of steel thermal behavior is very important in order to take care the quality of the products like billets and slabs due to these; this work shows the joint of a subroutine to simulate the heat transfer conditions during the continuous casting process to the model for simulating the process described by the present authors in a previous work; the result is the temperature profiles and surface temperature graphics of the steel, then they are compared with data carried out or real operating conditions. (Author). 15 refs.

Estudio de la combinación de los procesos de afinamiento de grano de colada y filtrado en latones

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Bustos, O.

1999-08-01

Full Text Available This work considered the evaluation of different parameters and properties of binary brasses 70/30 and 63/37. These materials were previously characterized and then submitted to grain refinement (by mean of chemical additions and/or filtered. Additionally, SEM observations were carried out to identify the grain refinement mechanisms involved in this process. The results obtained from the grain refinement and especially from the combination of both processes show an important grain size decrease and better mechanical properties. Due to the complexity of the Cu-based alloys, it can be concluded that it is necessary to take into account many factors to understand the mechanisms of the grain refinement-filtered process. The present work shows that probably zirconium (in presence of phosphorus, magnesium, iron, sulphur, nitrogen and oxygen could be an effective grain refiner to produce grain refínenme in brasses.

Se consideró la evaluación de diferentes parámetros y propiedades en latones binarios 70/30 y 63/37 previamente caracterizados y sometidos posteriormente a un afinamiento de grano (por medio de adiciones químicas y/o filtrado. Adicionalmente, se realizaron estudios de microscopía electrónica de barrido (MEB tendentes a esclarecer el mecanismo de afinamiento de grano, presente en este proceso. Los resultados obtenidos a partir del afinamiento de grano, y especialmente del acoplamiento de los procesos en cuestión, muestran una disminución importante del tamaño de grano y una mejora en las propiedades mecánicas de ambas aleaciones. Debido a la complejidad de las aleaciones base cobre es necesario considerar una serie de factores para esclarecer el mecanismo de afinamiento de grano y filtrado conjunto. El presente trabajo muestra que existe una alta probabilidad de que el zirconio, en presencia de fósforo, magnesio, hierro, azufre, nitrógeno y oxígeno, sea efectivo para producir afinamiento de grano en latones.

RIGIDEZ E RESISTÊNCIA DE VIGAS ESTRUTURAIS DE MADEIRA LAMINADA COLADA E COM PERFIL I COMPOSTAS POR DIFERENTES ADESIVOS

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Alexsandro Bayestorff da Cunha

2010-01-01

Full Text Available Wood has always been structurally used in solid form in civil construction, with a low degree of processing and technological innovation, and many times in other constituents such as floors, walls and roofs. However, changes in the adopted standards involve the refinement of technology, as well as, changes of the esthetic and functional concepts required in constructions. Thus, structural wood beams, such as glulam and I - joist, have emerged, presenting a series of advantages such as high resistance in relation to weight. The general objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the type of adhesive on the strength and stiffness of beams of Glulam and I-joist of Pinus taeda. The adhesives used in the experiment were resorcinol-phenolformaldehyde (RFF, melamine-urea-formaldehyde (MUF and polyurethane (PUR. The process of manufacturing the beams involved the classification of the parts, manufacturing of the finger joint, junction, assembly and pressing. The assays involved the assessment of structural properties of bending such as the Elasticity Model and Rupture. In the analysis of the average values for the variables, no significant differences were found for the glulam, however, for the I - joist, the superiority of the PUR adhesive was verified, based on the average value of the rupture model. In relation to the types and weights of the adhesives used, it was observed that the RFF adhesive needed a greater amount of the product to provide the mechanism of adherence, 500 g/m2. Two parameters made the PUR adhesive different in relation to the others: a 24 times faster healing time, making it more advantageous from the point of view of volume of production; and the shorter open time, which requires special procedures. The glulam beams showed higher mean values, but the choice of the beam model must be analyzed carefully, always taking into consideration the required resistance and the cost of the material to be used in the confection.

Influencia sobre los tratamientos térmicos del contenido de aluminio de aceros no aleados

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Carreras, L.

1999-08-01

Full Text Available The main purpose of this article is to determine the optimal level of aluminum content in plain steels to have the optimal mechanical properties by means of surface heat treatments. Various plain steels with different aluminium content have been studied. The importance of treatment temperature is analyzed. The influence of other factors, like nitrogen content or the homogenous distribution of particles, is evaluated. It is concluded that the aluminum composition of plain steels that are subjected to heat treatments should not exceed 0.02 %.

El objetivo de este trabajo es determinar el intervalo óptimo de contenidos de aluminio en aceros no aleados para los que se consiguen las propiedades mecánicas óptimas mediante tratamientos térmicos de superficie. Se estudian diferentes coladas de acero en las que varía el contenido de aluminio y las temperaturas de tratamiento. Se evalúa la importancia de otros factores tales como el contenido de nitrógeno y la homogeneidad en la distribución de partículas endurecedoras. Se llega a la conclusión de que los aceros no aleados destinados a tratamientos térmicos no deben tener un contenido de aluminio superior al 0,02 %.

Innovaciones en la gestión y calidad de los revestimientos refractarios en la Compañía Siderúrgica Nacional (Brasil

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Justus, S. M.

2002-04-01

Full Text Available The work describes actions carried out in colaboration among the National Steel Company - (CSN-Brazil and the Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Electrochemistry and Ceramic - LIEC of the Federal University of Sao Carlos Brazil (UFSCar- Brazil, in the area of I&D, for integral management and improvement of the quality and performance of the refractory linings in the sintering areas, blast furnace, hot air pipe lines transferency to the blast furnace, pig-iron ladles, running channels, blast furnaces hearths, torpedo car, etc., as well as, the economic impact generated by the installation of the adopted measures.

El trabajo describe acciones realizadas en conjunto entre la Compañía Siderúrgica Nacional – (CSN-Brasil y el Laboratorio Interdisciplinar de Electroquímica y Cerámica – LIEC de la Universidad Federal de Sao Carlos Brasil (UFSCar - Brasil, en el área de I&D, para la gestión y mejora de la calidad de los revestimientos refractarios en las áreas de sinterización, hornos altos, líneas de trasferencia de aire caliente al horno alto, piqueras de arrabio, canales de colada, crisoles de horno alto, cucharas torpedo, etc., así como, el impacto económico generado por la implantación de las medidas adoptadas.

Influencia de las diferentes etapas de procesamiento sobre la microestructura de dispositivos multicapa basados en PZT

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Solera, E.

2002-02-01

Full Text Available A comparative study of the influence of both rheological and processing parameters on the microstructure and reliability of multilayer ceramic chips based on PZT has been conducted. The multilayer chips were obtained by tape casting. Viscosity measurements of different slurries with various solids content have been correlated with both the thickness and the green density of the casted layers. The critical points of the thermal treatments, organics burn-out and sintering, have been identified. The green microstructure of the layers and the final microstructure of the sintered chips have been studied by SEM.

Se ha realizado un estudio comparativo de la influencia de los parámetros reológicos y de procesamiento sobre la microestructura y consistencia de chips multicapa de PZT obtenidos mediante un proceso de colado en cinta. Para ello se han realizado medidas de viscosidad de distintas barbotinas con diferente contenido en sólidos y su relación con el espesor y densidad en verde de las cintas obtenidas, se han identificado los puntos críticos del ciclo de quemado-sinterización y, mediante MEB se ha estudiado la microestructura en verde de las láminas coladas y la microestructura final de los chips multicapa fabricados.

Associations of Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviors with Dietary Behaviors among US High School Students

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Richard Lowry

2015-01-01

Full Text Available Background. Physical activity (PA, sedentary behaviors, and dietary behaviors are each associated with overweight and obesity among youth. However, the associations of PA and sedentary behaviors with dietary behaviors are complex and not well understood. Purpose. To describe the associations of PA and sedentary behaviors with dietary behaviors among a representative sample of US high school students. Methods. We analyzed data from the 2010 National Youth Physical Activity and Nutrition Study (NYPANS. Using logistic regression models which controlled for sex, race/ethnicity, grade, body weight status, and weight management goals, we compared dietary behaviors among students who did and did not meet national recommendations for PA and sedentary behaviors. Results. Students who participated in recommended levels of daily PA (DPA and muscle strengthening PA (MSPA were more likely than those who did not to eat fruits and vegetables. Students who exceeded recommended limits for television (TV and computer/video game (C/VG screen time were less likely than those who did not to consume fruits and vegetables and were more likely to consume fast food and sugar-sweetened beverages. Conclusions. Researchers may want to address PA, sedentary behaviors, and dietary behaviors jointly when developing health promotion and obesity prevention programs for youth.

Obesity and Other Correlates of Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviors among US High School Students

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Richard Lowry

2013-01-01

Full Text Available Understanding correlates of physical activity (PA can help inform and improve programs that promote PA among youth. We analyzed data from the 2010 National Youth Physical Activity and Nutrition Study, a representative sample of US students in grades 9–12. Logistic regression was used to examine associations between PA correlates (obesity, physical education classes, sports team participation, attitude toward PA, adult support for PA, and environmental support for PA and participation in daily PA (DPA, vigorous PA (VPA, muscle-strengthening activity (MSA, viewing television (TV, and using computers or video games (C/VG. A positive attitude toward PA and adult support for PA were both associated with increased PA and decreased sedentary behavior. However, among students who lived in neighborhoods that were not safe for PA, a positive attitude toward PA was not associated with increased DPA or decreased sedentary behavior and was less strongly associated with VPA and MSA. Efforts to increase PA among youth should promote a positive attitude toward PA among youth and encourage adult family members to support their efforts to be active. Policies that promote safe neighborhoods may work synergistically with a positive attitude toward PA to increase participation in PA and decrease sedentary behaviors.

Reasons for playing casual video games and perceived benefits among adults 18 to 80 years old.

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Whitbourne, Susan Krauss; Ellenberg, Stacy; Akimoto, Kyoko

2013-12-01

Casual video games (CVGs) are becoming increasingly popular among middle-aged and older adults, yet there are few studies documenting why adults of different ages play these games, what benefits they perceive, and how regularly they play. The present study compared the online survey responses of 10,308 adults ranging from 18 to 80 years of age to questions regarding PopCap's popular free online game, Bejeweled Blitz (BJB). All respondents cited playing against friends as their main reason for playing. However, there were differences by age in the second most frequently cited reason. Middle-aged adults cited stress relief, and older adults reported that they seek the game's challenges. As a result of playing CVGs, younger adults noted that they felt sharper and experienced improved memory; older adults were more likely to feel that their visuospatial skills and response time benefited. Adults aged 60 and older had heavier patterns of game play than did adults under the age of 60 years. A significant number of respondents (14.7%) spontaneously noted that they felt that BJB had addictive qualities. CVG players seem to be drawn into this activity by its social nature and to a certain extent by its reinforcing properties. Once involved, however, they believe that they derive a number of benefits that, for older adults, appear to offset declines in age-sensitive cognitive functions.

Estudos anatômicos e histológicos sôbre a subfamília Triatominae (Heteroptera, Reduviidae: Parte XXII. A estrutura da córnea de Triatoma Infestans

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Rudolf Barth

1965-01-01

Full Text Available Descreve-se a composição da córnea do ôlho de Triatoma infestans, chegando-se aos seguintes resultados: 1 - A faceta de um omatídeo consta de uma lente quitinosa central, incluída dentro de um prima hexagonal cuticular que, em virtude da sua construção, contribui decisivamente para o isolamento ótico da lente. 2 - A lente é formada (1 pela epicutícula superficial, muito fina, (2 pela exocutícula quase homogênea e (3 pela endocutícula lamelada. A exocutícula apresenta-se em forma de uma lente coletora, sem qualquer pigmento. A endocutícula, também sem pigmentos, compõe-se de numerosas (50 a 80 lamelas cuticulares, em forma de cones encaixados, um no outro, de modo que as extremidades dos cones se encontram no eixo ótico da lente. A lente corresponde à um cristal monaxial. 3 - A córnea é a continuação da cutícula da cabeça; as camadas desta, compostas de tiras quitinosas, coladas por proteínas entre si, desintegram0se em numerosas lamelas. 4 - As propriedades óticas das lentes correspondem às de um cilindro de lentes no sentido de EXNER (1891. 5 - Os omatídeos centrais do ôlho são homocêntrico, os periféricos heterocêntricos com eixo ótico curvado.

Determination of thiomersal by flow injection coupled with microwave-assisted photochemical online oxidative decomposition of organic mercury and cold vapor atomic fluorescence spectroscopy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Campanella, Beatrice; Onor, Massimo; Mascherpa, Marco Carlo; D’Ulivo, Alessandro; Ferrari, Carlo; Bramanti, Emilia

2013-01-01

Graphical abstract: -- Highlights: •Thiomersal was determined on line using FI-MW/UV-CVGAFS. •MW/UV allows a “green” on line oxidation of organic mercury to Hg II . •Each measure requires less than 5 min with a LOD of 3 ng mL −1 (as mercury). •Hg concentration in commercial ophthalmic solutions ranges between 7.5 and 59.0 μg mL −1 . -- Abstract: We developed a flow injection (FI) method for the determination of thiomersal (sodium ethylmercurithiosalicylate, C 9 H 9 HgNaO 2 S) based on the UV/microwave (MW) photochemical, online oxidation of organic mercury, followed by cold vapor generation atomic fluorescence spectrometry (CVG-AFS) detection. Thiomersal was quantitatively converted in the MW/UV process to Hg(II), with a yield of 97 ± 3%. This reaction was followed by the reduction of Hg(II) to Hg(0) performed in a knotted reaction coil with NaBH 4 solution, and AFS detection in an Ar/H 2 miniaturized flame. The method was linear in the 0.01–2 μg mL −1 range, with a LOD of 0.003 μg mL −1 . This method has been applied to the determination of thiomersal in ophthalmic solutions, with recoveries ranging between 97% and 101%. We found a mercury concentration in commercial ophthalmic solutions ranging between 7.5 and 59.0 μg mL −1

Geochemical study of two obsidian production centers in the Prehistory of Tenerife: El Tabonal de los Guanches (Icod de los Vinos and el Tabonal Negro (Las Cañadas

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Hernández Gómez, Cristo M.

2008-12-01

Full Text Available The obsidian production is one of the work processes that allow a good characterization of the Guanches, first inhabitants of Tenerife (Canary Islands. On this occasion, addresses the geochemical study of the volcanic flows where the main obsidian sources of the Aboriginal of Tenerife are located: The Tabonal de Los Guanches (Icod de Los Vinos and the Tabonal Negro, Mña. Blanca (Las Cañadas del Teide characterized as Production Centres. The aim is to establish the compositional differences between the two in order to trace the distribution of their lithic productions in the island territory and recognize the pattern of supply that was put into practice.

La producción obsidiánica es uno de los procesos de trabajo que mejor permite la caracterización social de los guanches, primeros habitantes de Tenerife (Canarias. En esta ocasión se aborda el estudio geoquímico de las coladas en las que se ubican sus principales fuentes de aprovisionamiento de obsidiana: El Tabonal de Los Guanches (Icod de los Vinos y El Tabonal Negro en Mña. Blanca (Las Cañadas del Teide, consideradas desde el punto de vista arqueológico como Centros de Producción. El objetivo es establecer las diferencias composicionales entre ambas para poder rastrear la distribución de sus respectivas producciones líticas en el territorio insular y reconocer el modelo de suministro que se puso en práctica.

Role of sweet and other flavours in liking and disliking of electronic cigarettes.

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Kim, Hyoshin; Lim, Juyun; Buehler, Stephanie S; Brinkman, Marielle C; Johnson, Nathan M; Wilson, Laura; Cross, Kandice S; Clark, Pamela I

2016-11-01

To examine the extent to which the perception of sweet and other flavours is associated with liking and disliking of flavoured electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes). 31 participants (13 females/18 males; 12 sole/19 dual users) vaped 6 commercially available flavours of blu Tanks: Classic Tobacco (CT), Magnificent Menthol (MM), Cherry Crush (CC), Vivid Vanilla (VV), Piña Colada (PC) and Peach Schnapps (PS); all 'medium' strength, 12 mg/mL nicotine concentration. For each flavoured e-cigarette, participants first rated liking/disliking on the Labeled Hedonic Scale, followed by perceived intensities of sweetness, coolness, bitterness, harshness and specific flavour on the generalised version of the Labeled Magnitude Scale. The psychophysical testing was conducted individually in an environmental chamber. PC was perceived as sweetest and liked the most; CT was perceived as least sweet and liked the least. Across all flavours, liking was correlated with sweetness (r=0.31), coolness (r=0.25), bitterness (r=-0.25) and harshness (r=-0.29, all pimpact on liking followed by coolness; harshness had the greatest negative impact on liking. Our findings indicate that bitterness and harshness, most likely from nicotine, have negative impacts on the liking of e-cigarettes, but the addition of flavourants that elicit sweetness or coolness generally improves liking. The results suggest that flavours play an important role in e-cigarette preference and most likely use. Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://www.bmj.com/company/products-services/rights-and-licensing/.

Comparison of ASL and DCE MRI for the non-invasive measurement of renal blood flow: quantification and reproducibility.

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Cutajar, Marica; Thomas, David L; Hales, Patrick W; Banks, T; Clark, Christopher A; Gordon, Isky

2014-06-01

To investigate the reproducibility of arterial spin labelling (ASL) and dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and quantitatively compare these techniques for the measurement of renal blood flow (RBF). Sixteen healthy volunteers were examined on two different occasions. ASL was performed using a multi-TI FAIR labelling scheme with a segmented 3D-GRASE imaging module. DCE MRI was performed using a 3D-FLASH pulse sequence. A Bland-Altman analysis was used to assess repeatability of each technique, and determine the degree of correspondence between the two methods. The overall mean cortical renal blood flow (RBF) of the ASL group was 263 ± 41 ml min(-1) [100 ml tissue](-1), and using DCE MRI was 287 ± 70 ml min(-1) [100 ml tissue](-1). The group coefficient of variation (CVg) was 18 % for ASL and 28 % for DCE-MRI. Repeatability studies showed that ASL was more reproducible than DCE with CVgs of 16 % and 25 % for ASL and DCE respectively. Bland-Altman analysis comparing the two techniques showed a good agreement. The repeated measures analysis shows that the ASL technique has better reproducibility than DCE-MRI. Difference analysis shows no significant difference between the RBF values of the two techniques. Reliable non-invasive monitoring of renal blood flow is currently clinically unavailable. Renal arterial spin labelling MRI is robust and repeatable. Renal dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI is robust and repeatable. ASL blood flow values are similar to those obtained using DCE-MRI.

Determination of thiomersal by flow injection coupled with microwave-assisted photochemical online oxidative decomposition of organic mercury and cold vapor atomic fluorescence spectroscopy

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Campanella, Beatrice; Onor, Massimo; Mascherpa, Marco Carlo; D’Ulivo, Alessandro [National Research Council of Italy, C.N.R., Istituto di Chimica dei Composti Organo Metallici-ICCOM-UOS Pisa, Area di Ricerca, Via G. Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa (Italy); Ferrari, Carlo [National Research Council of Italy, C.N.R., Istituto Nazionale di Ottica, INO–UOS Pisa, Area di Ricerca, Via G. Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa (Italy); Bramanti, Emilia, E-mail: bramanti@pi.iccom.cnr.it [National Research Council of Italy, C.N.R., Istituto di Chimica dei Composti Organo Metallici-ICCOM-UOS Pisa, Area di Ricerca, Via G. Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa (Italy)

2013-12-04

Graphical abstract: -- Highlights: •Thiomersal was determined on line using FI-MW/UV-CVGAFS. •MW/UV allows a “green” on line oxidation of organic mercury to Hg{sup II}. •Each measure requires less than 5 min with a LOD of 3 ng mL{sup −1} (as mercury). •Hg concentration in commercial ophthalmic solutions ranges between 7.5 and 59.0 μg mL{sup −1}. -- Abstract: We developed a flow injection (FI) method for the determination of thiomersal (sodium ethylmercurithiosalicylate, C{sub 9}H{sub 9}HgNaO{sub 2}S) based on the UV/microwave (MW) photochemical, online oxidation of organic mercury, followed by cold vapor generation atomic fluorescence spectrometry (CVG-AFS) detection. Thiomersal was quantitatively converted in the MW/UV process to Hg(II), with a yield of 97 ± 3%. This reaction was followed by the reduction of Hg(II) to Hg(0) performed in a knotted reaction coil with NaBH{sub 4} solution, and AFS detection in an Ar/H{sub 2} miniaturized flame. The method was linear in the 0.01–2 μg mL{sup −1} range, with a LOD of 0.003 μg mL{sup −1}. This method has been applied to the determination of thiomersal in ophthalmic solutions, with recoveries ranging between 97% and 101%. We found a mercury concentration in commercial ophthalmic solutions ranging between 7.5 and 59.0 μg mL{sup −1}.

The Efficacy of Casual Videogame Play in Reducing Clinical Depression: A Randomized Controlled Study.

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Russoniello, Carmen V; Fish, Matthew; O'Brien, Kevin

2013-12-01

Depression is a debilitating illness that is estimated to affect more than 300 million people worldwide. Although there has been some success in treatment of this illness with pharmaceuticals and behavioral techniques like cognitive behavioral therapy, these are often costly and have stigma associated with them. The purpose of this study was to test whether a prescribed regimen of casual videogame (CVG) play could reduce symptoms associated with depression. Participants were screened for depression using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). They were then randomized into the control (n=29) or experimental (n=30) group. Experimental participants were prescribed to play CVGs three times per week (with 24 hours between each session), for 30 minutes, over a 1-month period. Control participants surfed the National Institute of Mental Health's Web page on depression. The instrument used to test the hypothesis was the PHQ-9. Repeated-measures statistical analyses revealed there was a significant interaction of group and time, supporting the hypothesis that the groups would be different after the intervention. Moreover, when data were compared using tests of within-subjects contrasts between baseline (Time 1) and the end of the 1-month study (Time 3), we found significant decreases in depression symptoms in the experimental group. When this was compared with the control group changes, the results were still significant. We found that a prescribed regimen of playing CVGs significantly reduced symptoms of clinical depression as measured by the PHQ-9. Clinicians should consider these low-cost CVGs as a possible intervention to address psychological and somatic symptoms associated with depression.

Genetic divergence of physiological-quality traits of seeds in a population of peppers.

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Pessoa, A M S; Barroso, P A; do Rêgo, E R; Medeiros, G D A; Bruno, R L A; do Rêgo, M M

2015-10-16

Brazil has a great diversity of Capsicum peppers that can be used in breeding programs. The objective of this study was to evaluate genetic variation in traits related to the physiological quality of seeds of Capsicum annuum L. in a segregating F2 population and its parents. A total of 250 seeds produced by selfing in the F1 generation resulting from crosses between UFPB 77.3 and UFPB 76 were used, with 100 seeds of both parents used as additional controls, totaling 252 genotypes. The seeds were germinated in gerboxes containing substrate blotting paper moistened with distilled water. Germination and the following vigor tests were evaluated: first count, germination velocity index, and root and shoot lengths. Data were subjected to analysis of variance, and means were compared by Scott and Knott's method at 1% probability. Tocher's clustering based on Mahalanobis distance and canonical variable analysis with graphic dispersion of genotypes were performed, and genetic parameters were estimated. All variables were found to be significant by the F test (P ≤ 0.01) and showed high heritability and a CVg/CVe ratio higher than 1.0, indicating genetic differences among genotypes. Parents (genotypes 1 and 2) formed distinct groups in all clustering methods. Genotypes 3, 104, 153, and 232 were found to be the most divergent according to Tocher's clustering method, and this was mainly due to early germination, which was observed on day 14, and would therefore be selected. Understanding the phenotypic variability among these 252 genotypes will serve as a basis for continuing the breeding program within this family.

Produção de painéis compensados fenólicos com lâminas de madeira de Sequoia sempervirens

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Setsuo Iwakiri

Full Text Available Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo avaliar a qualidade dos painéis compensados multilaminados produzidos com lâminas de madeira de Sequoia sempervirens. Foram produzidos em laboratório compensados com cinco lâminas de 2,0 mm de espessura, coladas com resina fenol-formaldeído, com duas diferentes formulações: (A FF = 100; E = 5; CC = 5; A = 5, e (B FF = 100; E = 15; CC = 15; A = 15, e duas gramaturas: 280g/m² e 320 g/m². Os painéis foram prensados com pressão específica de 10 kgf/cm², temperatura de 130 ºC e tempo de prensagem de dez minutos. Foram avaliadas as propriedades de resistência da linha de cola aos esforços de cisalhamento e de flexão estática (módulo de elasticidade e módulo de ruptura, paralelo e perpendicular às fibras. De uma forma geral, as diferentes formulações de cola e gramaturas não afetaram significativamente as propriedades dos painéis, o que representa um aspecto importante sob o ponto de vista econômico. A resistência ao cisalhamento e a percentagem de falhas na madeira dos painéis produzidos com a formulação (B atenderam aos requisitos mínimos da norma EN 314-2 (1993 para painéis de uso externo. Os resultados indicam que as lâminas de Sequoia sempervirens podem ser utilizadas para compor o miolo de painéis compensados para uso externo.

Alcohol-flavoured tobacco products.

Science.gov (United States)

Jackler, Robert K; VanWinkle, Callie K; Bumanlag, Isabela M; Ramamurthi, Divya

2018-05-01

In 2009, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) banned characterising flavours in cigarettes (except for menthol) due to their appeal to teen starter smokers. In August 2016, the agency deemed all tobacco products to be under its authority and a more comprehensive flavour ban is under consideration. To determine the scope and scale of alcohol-flavoured tobacco products among cigars & cigarillos, hookahs and electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes). Alcohol-flavoured tobacco products were identified by online search of tobacco purveyors' product lines and via Google search cross-referencing the various tobacco product types versus a list of alcoholic beverage flavours (eg, wine, beer, appletini, margarita). 48 types of alcohol-flavoured tobacco products marketed by 409 tobacco brands were identified. Alcohol flavours included mixed drinks (n=25), spirits (11), liqueurs (7) and wine/beer (5). Sweet and fruity tropical mixed drink flavours were marketed by the most brands: piña colada (96), mojito (66) and margarita (50). Wine flavours were common with 104 brands. Among the tobacco product categories, brands offering alcohol-flavoured e-cigarettes (280) were most numerous, but alcohol-flavoured products were also marketed by cigars & cigarillos (88) and hookah brands (41). Brands by major tobacco companies (eg, Philip Morris, Imperial Tobacco) were well represented among alcohol-flavoured cigars & cigarillos with five companies offering a total of 17 brands. The widespread availability of alcohol-flavoured tobacco products illustrates the need to regulate characterising flavours on all tobacco products. © Article author(s) (or their employer(s) unless otherwise stated in the text of the article) 2018. All rights reserved. No commercial use is permitted unless otherwise expressly granted.

Mezcla de magmas en Vulcanello (Isla Vulcano, Italia

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Aparicio, A.

2008-06-01

Full Text Available Volcanic activity in Vulcano starts about 350 ka ago and continues up to present day with the development of thre main episodes corresponding to the calderas of Piano and La Fossa, and Vulcanello. These cover a compositional range from rhyolitic to trachybasaltic rocks. This lithological diversity is produced by different petrogenetic processes such as fractional crystallization, assimilation coupled to fractional crystallization (AFC, mixing, etc.The eruption of Vulcanello area emitted trachyandesitic materials, including shoshonites and latites. A magma-mixing process is established between trachytes and shoshonites to origine latites. Trachytes and rhyolites are produced by fractional crystallization and by ACF processes (assimilation of sedimentary rocks from trachyandesitic magmas.La actividad volcánica de Isla Vulcano comienzó aproximadamente hace 350.000 años y continúa hasta la actualidad con el desarrollo de tres grandes episodios correspondientes a las caldera de Piano, caldera de Fossa y a Vulcanello, que han emitido piroclastos y coladas de composiciones muy variadas, desde riolitas a traquibasaltos. Esta variedad litológica ha sido relacionada con procesos petrogenéticos tan diversos como cristalización fraccionada, asimilación simultánea con cristalización (ACF, mezcla de magmas, etc.El episodio de Vulcanello emite rocas traquiandesíticas, con composiciones shoshoníticas y latíticas. Un proceso de mezcla de magmas es reconocido entre traquitas y shoshonitas para generar latitas. Traquitas y riolitas son producidas por procesos de cristalización fraccionada simple y por ACF con asimilación de rocas sedimentarias a partir de magmas traquiandesíticos.

Determination of total mercury and methylmercury in biological samples by photochemical vapor generation

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Vieira, Mariana A.; Ribeiro, Anderson S.; Curtius, Adilson J. [Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Departamento de Quimica, Florianopolis, SC (Brazil); Sturgeon, Ralph E. [National Research Council Canada, Institute for National Measurement Standards, Ottawa, ON (Canada)

2007-06-15

Cold vapor atomic absorption spectrometry (CV-AAS) based on photochemical reduction by exposure to UV radiation is described for the determination of methylmercury and total mercury in biological samples. Two approaches were investigated: (a) tissues were digested in either formic acid or tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH), and total mercury was determined following reduction of both species by exposure of the solution to UV irradiation; (b) tissues were solubilized in TMAH, diluted to a final concentration of 0.125% m/v TMAH by addition of 10% v/v acetic acid and CH{sub 3}Hg{sup +} was selectively quantitated, or the initial digests were diluted to 0.125% m/v TMAH by addition of deionized water, adjusted to pH 0.3 by addition of HCl and CH{sub 3}Hg{sup +} was selectively quantitated. For each case, the optimum conditions for photochemical vapor generation (photo-CVG) were investigated. The photochemical reduction efficiency was estimated to be {proportional_to}95% by comparing the response with traditional SnCl{sub 2} chemical reduction. The method was validated by analysis of several biological Certified Reference Materials, DORM-1, DORM-2, DOLT-2 and DOLT-3, using calibration against aqueous solutions of Hg{sup 2+}; results showed good agreement with the certified values for total and methylmercury in all cases. Limits of detection of 6 ng/g for total mercury using formic acid, 8 ng/g for total mercury and 10 ng/g for methylmercury using TMAH were obtained. The proposed methodology is sensitive, simple and inexpensive, and promotes ''green'' chemistry. The potential for application to other sample types and analytes is evident. (orig.)

ICP OES Determination of Contaminant Elements Leached from Food Packaging Films

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Éder José dos Santos

2017-08-01

Full Text Available ABSTRACT Determination of potential contaminants elements in food packing films arising from contact with acidic aqueous foods was undertaken by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP OES in accordance with DIN EN 1186-1. Test sections from plastic films were totally immersed in 3% w/v CH3COOH used as the food simulant. Testing was conducted under three conditions: (1 10 days at 40 ºC; (2 30 min at 70 ºC and 10 days at 40 ºC; and (3 30 min at 100 ºC and 10 days at 40 ºC. These time and temperature conditions were considered to be the most severe situations likely to be encountered in practice. Several different containers were investigated, including a borosilicate glass beaker, a glass bottle used for food canning, as well as one of polystyrene. The glass bottle was selected for testing treatments according to procedure (3 and a polystyrene one was chosen for use with procedures (1 and (2. Limits of quantitation were adequate for the determination of Ag, B, Ba, Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, Sb, Sn and Zn by solution nebulization ICP OES and As by chemical vapor generation (CVG-ICP OES. Results for the analysis of AccuStandard certified reference materials as well as spike recoveries show good agreement with expected concentrations, demonstrating the accuracy and precision of the determinations. Eleven samples of food packing material were analyzed. The lead was present in the range 4.8 - 85.3 µg L-1 in 10 of 11 evaluated packing material, showing the importance of quality control measures.

4-Valent Human Papillomavirus (4vHPV) Vaccine in Preadolescents and Adolescents After 10 Years.

Science.gov (United States)

Ferris, Daron G; Samakoses, Rudiwilai; Block, Stanley L; Lazcano-Ponce, Eduardo; Restrepo, Jaime Alberto; Mehlsen, Jesper; Chatterjee, Archana; Iversen, Ole-Erik; Joshi, Amita; Chu, Jian-Li; Krick, Andrea Likos; Saah, Alfred; Das, Rituparna

2017-12-01

We describe the final 10-year data for the long-term follow-up study of the 4-valent human papillomavirus (4vHPV) vaccine in preadolescents and adolescents. In the base study (V501-018), 1661 sexually inactive boys and girls received the 4vHPV vaccine (early vaccination group [EVG], managed for 9.9 years) or a placebo at day 1, month 2, and month 6. Thereafter, at month 30, the placebo group (catch-up vaccination group [CVG], managed for 7.4 years) received the 4vHPV vaccine by using the same dosing schedule. Long-term anti-HPV type 6, 11, 16, and 18 immune responses were assessed. Effectiveness was estimated by calculating the incidence rate of the primary endpoints (HPV types 6, 11, 16, and 18-related disease or persistent infection). For HPV types 6, 11, and 16, 89% to 96% of subjects remained seropositive through 10-years postvaccination. The preadolescents had 38% to 65% higher geometric mean titers at month 7, which remained 16% to 42% higher at 10 years compared with adolescents. No cases of HPV type 6, 11, 16, and 18-related diseases were observed. Ten subjects had a persistent infection of ≥6 months duration with vaccine-type HPV and 2 subjects had persistent infection for ≥12 months. No new serious adverse events were reported through 10 years. A 3-dose regimen of the 4vHPV vaccine was immunogenic, clinically effective, and generally well tolerated in preadolescents and adolescents during 10 years of follow-up. These long-term findings support efforts to vaccinate this population against HPV before exposure. Copyright © 2017 by the American Academy of Pediatrics.

Avaliação de características físico-químicas de frutos de duas espécies de pitaya

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Cristiane Andréa de Lima

2014-06-01

Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar características físico-químicas dos frutos de 21 acessos de duas espécies de pitaya, Hylocereus undatus e Selenicereus setaceus. Foi utilizado um delineamento inteiramente ao acaso, com quatro repetições, sendo cada repetição a média de três frutos. Foram analisados comprimento e diâmetro dos frutos, sólidos solúveis, massa total da casca e da polpa dos frutos. As análises de variância foram realizadas por meio do programa Genes e as médias foram comparadas pelo teste Scott e Knott, a 5% de significância. Foram determinados os coeficientes de correlação de Pearson entre as diferentes características analisadas. Os acessos 02 e 05 da espécie H. undatus destacam-se por apresentarem maiores comprimento, diâmetro e massa dos frutos, comparando com os dos demais acessos. A espécie S. setaceus apresenta maior teor de sólidos solúveis da polpa dos frutos, diferenciando-se significativamente da espécie H. undatus. Altos valores foram encontrados para herdabilidade e CVg, para as características físicas dos frutos de pitaya, estimativas importantes para se determinarem estratégias de seleção e para se estimar o ganho genético. Os resultados das correlações indicam que quanto maior o tamanho e a massa, menor é o teor de sólidos solúveis na polpa dos frutos de pitaya.

Flavourings significantly affect inhalation toxicity of aerosol generated from electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS).

Science.gov (United States)

Leigh, Noel J; Lawton, Ralph I; Hershberger, Pamela A; Goniewicz, Maciej L

2016-11-01

E-cigarettes or electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) are designed to deliver nicotine-containing aerosol via inhalation. Little is known about the health effects of flavoured ENDS aerosol when inhaled. Aerosol from ENDS was generated using a smoking machine. Various types of ENDS devices or a tank system prefilled with liquids of different flavours, nicotine carrier, variable nicotine concentrations and with modified battery output voltage were tested. A convenience sample of commercial fluids with flavour names of tobacco, piña colada, menthol, coffee and strawberry were used. Flavouring chemicals were identified using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. H292 human bronchial epithelial cells were directly exposed to 55 puffs of freshly generated ENDS aerosol, tobacco smoke or air (controls) using an air-liquid interface system and the Health Canada intense smoking protocol. The following in vitro toxicological effects were assessed: (1) cell viability, (2) metabolic activity and (3) release of inflammatory mediators (cytokines). Exposure to ENDS aerosol resulted in decreased metabolic activity and cell viability and increased release of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-10, CXCL1, CXCL2 and CXCL10 compared to air controls. Cell viability and metabolic activity were more adversely affected by conventional cigarettes than most tested ENDS products. Product type, battery output voltage and flavours significantly affected toxicity of ENDS aerosol, with a strawberry-flavoured product being the most cytotoxic. Our data suggest that characteristics of ENDS products, including flavours, may induce inhalation toxicity. Therefore, ENDS users should use the products with caution until more comprehensive studies are performed. Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://www.bmj.com/company/products-services/rights-and-licensing/.

Desarrollo de aceros reforzados con carburos primarios vía metalurgia líquida

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Agote, I.

2005-12-01

Full Text Available The steel reinforcement by means of the addition of primary carbides via liquid metallurgy needs to fulfill two essential requirements to be technically viable: the development of a solid reinforcing product which is appropriate to be mixed with the steel and the optimization of the metallurgic addition of these reinforcing particles into the liquid steel. Besides, the improvement of the reinforced alloy characteristics is directly related to the particles' nature of reinforcing particles, their homogeneous and uniform distribution in the matrix and their size and morphology. The manufacture of these carbides by SHS ('Self propagating High temperature Synthesis' and their addition before steel is poured into moulds allows achieving the above-mentioned conditions.

Para que el reforzamiento de los aceros con carburos primarios vía metalurgia líquida sea técnicamente viable se requiere del desarrollo de un tipo de producto reforzante sólido, adecuado para su incorporación al acero, así como de la optimización de dicha vía metalúrgica de adición del producto reforzante al material base en estado líquido. Además, la mejora de características de la aleación reforzada es función directa de la naturaleza de las partículas, de su homogénea y uniforme distribución en la matriz y del tamaño y morfología regular de las mismas. Estas condiciones se consiguen cuando las partículas de carburo se elaboran previamente mediante la técnica SHS (selfpropagating high temperature synthesis y se añaden al baño de acero líquido previo a su colada en moldes o lingoteras.

MICROSTRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF Al-Mg-Si-Zn ALLOY

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SERGIO VALADEZ

2010-01-01

Full Text Available En un esfuerzo por desarrollar una nueva aleación con aplicación estructural, se ha desarrollado una aleación base Aluminio aleada con magnesio, silicio y zinc. La investigación pretende correlacionar la microestructura y con el tratamiento térmico. La aleación AlMgSiZn, fue elegida para ese propósito debido a la presencia de precipitados tanto en la matriz del aAl, como en los límites de grano, los cuales permiten una excelente relación entre la dureza y la resistencia mecánica. En lo que respecta a la microestructura, esta fue caracterizada bajo condición de colada y después de ser tratada térmicamente por envejecimiento. Este tratamiento fue realizado en dos etapas, la primera a 450ºC durante 3 horas que corresponde al tratamiento de homogeneización: y la segunda al proceso de envejecimiento artificial llevado a cabo a 160ºC durante 1hr. Los resultados indican la presencia de dendritas de aAl, además un eutéctico binario y partículas de Mg7Zn3 adentro de las regiones interdendríticas. El eutéctico y las partículas fueron modificados por el tratamiento de envejecido. Las observaciones realizadas con el microscopio electrónico de transmisión en especímenes con y sin tratamientos térmicos, demostraron una distribución uniforme de precipitados con diversas morfologías, tales como cúbico, esférico y plaqueta: para la matriz de aAl, los cuales no fueron detectados durante las observaciones en el microscopio electrónico de barrido.

Influencia del contenido de silicio y el tratamiento térmico en la resistencia al desgaste de fundiciones blancas al cromo en condiciones de rápida solidificación

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Goyos, L.

2012-08-01

Full Text Available The influence of silicon content and heat treatment on microstructure, abrasive and dry friction wear resistance of a 3 % C, 12 % Cr cast iron, under fast solidification conditions is studied. The fast solidification condition diminishes the carbide volume and the silicon content increases their dispersion and finesses. All matrixes obtained were perlitics, whit different finesses. No intermediate transformation products were noticed. Hardness had little variation. Austenization treatment show little affectivity, with tendency to increase wear in reference to as cast and maintenance treatments. Behavior under dry friction and abrasive wear were similar under test conditions applied whit more influence of carbide morphology in the abrasive wear conditions.

Se estudia la influencia del silicio y el tratamiento térmico sobre la microestructura y la resistencia al desgaste abrasivo y por fricción seca de una fundición con 3 % C y 12 % Cr, obtenida en condiciones de rápida solidificación. La rápida solidificación disminuye el volumen de carburos, la finura y dispersión de éstos aumentan con el incremento del silicio. Todas las muestras presentaron matrices perlíticas, variando en finura con el tratamiento. No se apreciaron productos de transformación intermedios. Las durezas tuvieron poca variación. Los tratamientos de austenización mostraron poca efectividad, con tendencia a desgastes más elevados que en estado bruto de colada y con tratamiento de mantenimiento. Los comportamientos ante la abrasión y la fricción seca en las condiciones ensayadas fueron similares. Se evidenció alta influencia de la morfología de los carburos en el desgaste abrasivo.

Tbx1 and Jag1 act in concert to modulate the fate of neurosensory cells of the mouse otic vesicle

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Stephania Macchiarulo

2017-10-01

Full Text Available The domain within the otic vesicle (OV known as the neurosensory domain (NSD, contains cells that will give rise to the hair and support cells of the otic sensory organs, as well as the neurons that form the cochleovestibular ganglion (CVG. The molecular dynamics that occur at the NSD boundary relative to adjacent OV cells is not well defined. The Tbx1 transcription factor gene expression pattern is complementary to the NSD, and inactivation results in expansion of the NSD and expression of the Notch ligand, Jag1 mapping, in part of the NSD. To shed light on the role of Jag1 in NSD development, as well as to test whether Tbx1 and Jag1 might genetically interact to regulate this process, we inactivated Jag1 within the Tbx1 expression domain using a knock-in Tbx1Cre allele. We observed an enlarged neurogenic domain marked by a synergistic increase in expression of NeuroD and other proneural transcription factor genes in double Tbx1 and Jag1 conditional loss-of-function embryos. We noted that neuroblasts preferentially expanded across the medial-lateral axis and that an increase in cell proliferation could not account for this expansion, suggesting that there was a change in cell fate. We also found that inactivation of Jag1 with Tbx1Cre resulted in failed development of the cristae and semicircular canals, as well as notably fewer hair cells in the ventral epithelium of the inner ear rudiment when inactivated on a Tbx1 null background, compared to Tbx1Cre/− mutant embryos. We propose that loss of expression of Tbx1 and Jag1 within the Tbx1 expression domain tips the balance of cell fates in the NSD, resulting in an overproduction of neuroblasts at the expense of non-neural cells within the OV.

Biological variation, reference change value (RCV) and minimal important difference (MID) of inspiratory muscle strength (PImax) in patients with stable chronic heart failure.

Science.gov (United States)

Täger, Tobias; Schell, Miriam; Cebola, Rita; Fröhlich, Hanna; Dösch, Andreas; Franke, Jennifer; Katus, Hugo A; Wians, Frank H; Frankenstein, Lutz

2015-10-01

Despite the widespread application of measurements of respiratory muscle force (PImax) in clinical trials there is no data on biological variation, reference change value (RCV), or the minimal important difference (MID) for PImax irrespective of the target cohort. We addressed this issue for patients with chronic stable heart failure. From the outpatients' clinic of the University of Heidelberg we retrospectively selected three groups of patients with stable systolic chronic heart failure (CHF). Each group had two measurements of PImax: 90 days apart in Group A (n = 25), 180 days apart in Group B (n = 93), and 365 days apart in Group C (n = 184). Stability was defined as (a) no change in NYHA class between visits and (b) absence of cardiac decompensation 3 months prior, during, and 3 months after measurements. For each group, we determined within-subject (CVI), between-subject (CVG), and total (CVT) coefficient of variation (CV), the index of individuality (II), RCV, reliability coefficient, and MID of PImax. CVT was 8.7, 7.5, and 6.9 % for groups A, B, and C, respectively. The II and RCV were 0.21, 0.20, 0.16 and 13.6, 11.6, 10.8 %, respectively. The reliability coefficient and MID were 0.83, 0.87, 0.88 and 1.44, 1.06, 1.12 kPa, respectively. Results were similar between age, gender, and aetiology subgroups. In patients with stable CHF, measurements of PImax are highly stable for intervals up to 1 year. The low values for II suggest that evaluation of change in PImax should be performed on an individual (per patient) basis. Individually significant change can be assumed beyond 14 % (RCV) or 1.12 kPa (MID).

Considerações sobre o ceticismo contemporâneo a partir da ontologia e gnosiologia marxista Considerations on contemporary scepticism from marxist ontology and gnosiology

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Sandra Soares Della Fonte

2007-12-01

Full Text Available A fim de contribuir para a análise da nova onda cética que permeia a pesquisa educacional, investigo como Lênin e Lukács refutaram, em termos ontológico e gnosiológico, os ceticismos de sua época. Lênin elucida, no início do século xx, a suposta neutralidade empiriocriticista. Já Lukács analisa, na segunda metade desse mesmo século, o neopositivismo como auge dessa perspectiva. Vivemos uma ambiência ideológica cripto-positivista similar à diagnosticada pelos autores. Enquanto a tradição positivista desterrou nominalmente a ontologia, as correntes atuais a afirmam no intuito de negar a possibilidade de dizer algo sobre o mundo; instauram uma nova forma de exílio da ontologia. Com isso, fortalece-se uma ontologia velada, colada a uma prática imediata, conveniente aos interesses manipulatórios do capital. Para não ratificar essa retração teórica, o campo educacional enfrenta o desafio de combater os atuais ceticismos.In a contribution to the analysis of the new sceptical wave that has been pervading educational research, I investigate how Lenin and Lukács refuted, in ontological and gnosiological terms, the scepticism at their time. In the beginning of the 20th century, Lenin elucidated the supposed Empiric-critic neutrality. Later on, during the 20th century, Lukács, in his turn, analyzed neo-positivism as the highest point of this perspective. Nowadays, we live in a similar crypto-positivist atmosphere. While positivist tradition has nominally banished ontology, the current trends maintain it, in an attempt to deny the possibility of saying anything about the world; thus, they establish a new way of exiling ontology. With this, an underlying kind of ontology is strengthened, as connected to an immediate practice, ready to fit the interests of the ones who keep capital under control. To avoid ratifying this theoretical retraction, the educational field faces the challenge of opposing today's scepticism.

MONITORAMENTO DA TEMPERATURA NO INTERIOR DE CHAPAS AGLOMERADAS DURANTE O PROCESSO DE PRENSAGEM

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Elio José Santini

2005-03-01

Full Text Available O objetivo do presente trabalho foi analisar o comportamento da temperatura nas faces e no miolo de chapas de partículas aglomeradas, coladas com 8% de adesivo (base peso seco das partículas tanino-formaldeído. As chapas foram produzidas com três repetições por tratamento, com massa específica nominal de 0,7 g/cm³ e pressão específica de prensagem de 27 kgf/cm². Os tratamentos basearam-se na utilização de flocos de pinus (Pinus elliottii e partículas de eucalipto (Eucalytus sp, sendo que os flocos de pinus apresentavam três diferentes comprimentos nominais (40, 75 e 110 mm e duas espessuras (0,5 e 1,0 mm. Também foram analisados duas temperaturas de prensagem (140 e 180°C e dois teores de umidade nominal do colchão (17 e 21%. A temperatura no interior dos painéis durante a prensagem foi obtida por meio de fios para termopares tipo K (cromo-alumel. Os gráficos da temperatura em função do tempo de prensagem mostraram uma rápida elevação da temperatura nos primeiros 100 segundos de prensagem, mantendo-se num plateau possivelmente após atingir a temperatura de ebulição da água. A temperatura voltou a aumentar, de forma mais gradual, após a perda de grande parte da umidade do colchão. Observa-se que colchões formados por flocos de maior espessura apresentaram elevação mais rápida de temperatura no miolo. O principal fator que influenciou na velocidade de elevação da temperatura no miolo dos painéis aglomerados foi o teor de umidade do colchão, sendo que quanto maior o teor de umidade, mais rápida foi a elevação da temperatura.

RESISTÊNCIA AO CISALHAMENTO DAS JUNTAS ADESIVAS PRODUZIDAS COM TRÊS DIFERENTES ESPÉCIES DE MADEIRAS E ADESIVOS VINÍLICOS PARA APLICAÇÕES NÃO ESTRUTURAIS

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Maurício Pinheiro Oliveira

2015-04-01

Full Text Available Os adesivos utilizados na colagem de madeiras para aplicações não estruturais normalmente contêm uma emulsão de poli(acetato de vinila (PVAc estabilizada com poli(álcool vinílico e alguns aditivos. A ligação adesiva formada com essa classe de adesivo é pobre quando exposta à umidade e à temperatura. Nesse contexto, a classificação prévia dos adesivos utilizados para aplicações não estruturais, com resistência à umidade e à temperatura, é muito importante para a qualidade e durabilidade das juntas adesivas. Neste trabalho, foi estudada a influência de três espécies de madeiras (Fagus sylvatica L., Mimosa scabrella Bentham e Micropholis cf. venulosa Mart. & Eichler na resistência ao cisalhamento das juntas adesivas preparadas com três adesivos vinílicos, sintetizados com diferentes concentrações do N-butoximetilacrilamida (NBMA. Os ensaios de resistência ao cisalhamento, na linha de colagem, foram realizados sob diferentes ciclos de acondicionamento das juntas adesivas. Os resultados indicaram que há diferenças significativas na resistência de colagem das juntas adesivas e na porcentagem de falha na madeira provocada, tanto pela espécie de madeira quanto pelo tipo de adesivo utilizado. Os adesivos produzidos foram classificados de acordo com a classe de durabilidade, após várias etapas de acondicionamento. Os valores mais altos de resistência ao cisalhamento foram observados nas juntas coladas com as madeiras de Micropholis cf. venulosa Mart. & Eichler e Fagus sylvatica L., com o adesivo AD-3. O menor valor de resistência ao cisalhamento foi observado nas juntas adesivas preparadas com a madeira da espécie Mimosa scabrella Bentham. A madeira Micropholis cf. venulosa Mart. & Eichler mostrou-se mais adequada para a substituição da madeira Fagus sylvatica L.

Prediction of hardness for Al-Cu-Zn alloys in as-cast and quenching conditions; Prediccion de la dureza de aleaciones Al-Cu-Zn en estado de colada y templado

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Villegas-Cardenas, J. D.; Saucedo-Munoz, M. L.; Lopez-Hirata, V. M.; Dorantes Rosales, H. J.

2014-10-01

This work presents a new experimental and numerical methodology in order to predict the hardness in the as-cast, and solution treated and quenched Al-Cu-Zn alloys. Chemical composition of alloys is located inside two straight lines represented by two equations. Eight different compositions were selected from each line. All the alloys were characterized for light microscope, scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffraction and Rockwell B hardness test. The equilibrium phases were obtained at different temperatures by Thermo-Calc. The microstructure characterization and regression analysis enabled to determine the phase transformations and two equations of hardness assessment. The combination of hardness equations and composition line equations permitted to estimate the hardness of any alloy composition inside this zone. This was verified by calculating hardness with the information reported in other works, with an error lower than 7% in the estimated hardness. (Author)

Phenotypic distance among assai palm’s mother plants (Euterpe oleracea Mart. from Eastern Amazon

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Rosemiro Santos Galate

2014-09-01

Full Text Available The açai palm tree (Euterpe oleracea Mart. is native to the Amazonian estuary. Media revelation of the nutraceutical properties of açai palm has resulted in its introduction in the national and international markets, consequently increasing the açai palm crop area in the Amazon. Nevertheless, açai palm cultivation is performed in a rational manner, because of limited product extraction from the native açai palm varieties. The study aimed to conduct a preliminary estimate of genetic variability, parameters, and phenotypic divergence of parent açai palms. Data from 129 parent plants from northeast Pará was collected. Analysis of variance (ANOVA of 22 morphoagronomic traits was performed to estimate the genetic parameters. Divergence was estimated using standardized average euclidean distance by using unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA and Tocher clustering methods. Significant variance was noted in 77.3% traits (ANOVA, p<0.01 and p<0.05; CVg/CVe ratio indicated that 72.3% traits may present genetic variability for use in breeding programs. The euclidean distance showed EO-070 and EO-072 parent plants (Combu Island as the least divergent, and EO-010 (Belém and EO-018 (Salinópolis as the most divergent. The clustering methods determined ten (Tocher and nine (UPGMA similar groups. The most dissimilar parent plants were EO-035 (Capitão Poço, EO- 109 (Combu Island, EO-019 (Salinópolis, and EO-010 (Belém (Tocher method, whereas even the EO-010 (Belém; EO-011 (São João de Pirabas; EO-017, EO-018, and EO-019 (Salinópolis; EO-062 and EO-109 (Combu Island plants showed dissimilarity. We concluded that the 129 mother plants have high phenotypic variability, indicating the possibility of their use in genetic breeding programs. Further, the divergent parent plants can be used in the production of genotypes with favorable characteristics.

Adaptación de cofias metálicas confeccionadas con dos técnicas: cera perdida colada por centrifugación convencional y fusión selectiva por láser

OpenAIRE

Flores Valverde, Yovana Elisa; Loarte Campos, Micarla Yanira; Zelada Ladrón de Guevara, Cinthya Cecilia; Requena Cisneros, Silvio Over; Castillo Andamayo, Diana Esmeralda; Quintana del Solar, Martín Gilberto

2017-01-01

Una buena adaptación marginal disminuye la probabilidad de caries, enfermedad periodontal y fracaso de la restauración. La adaptación interna es el ajuste entre la superfi cie de la preparación y la superfi cie interna de la restauración, proporcionando retención. La aleación metálica más usada es la de níquel-cromo (Ni-Cr); sin embargo presenta limitaciones como reacciones alérgicas. La aleación cobalto-cromo (Co-Cr) es una alternativa por tener biocompatibilidad, resistencia mecánica, resis...

Análisis de la influencia del tratamiento térmico de envejecimiento en la modificación de las propiedades mecánicas de la aleación AA6060 procesada por ECAE

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Pérez, I.

2011-02-01

se parte de una aleación comercial AA6060 en estado de bruto de colada, lo cual no ha sido estudiado hasta la fecha.

Comportamiento a fractura de la aleación 6061 reforzada con alúmina

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Forn, A.

2004-04-01

Full Text Available The properties of the cast aluminium alloys 6061/(20%Al₂O_3p are studied. This material is obtained by Duralcan procedure after being submitted to an extrusion and forging process. These materials are submitted to T6 heat treatments in order to study their effect on mechanical properties. In this work the matrix characteristics are compared with the reinforced material in different production stages, using an optical and electronic microscopy, EDS, tensile, fatigue and ultramicrohardness tests. The mechanical properties indicate that the extruded reinforced material presents ultimate tensile strength values lower than the alloy 6061 under the same conditions, and this is related to the presence of spinel in the interface matrix-reinforcement. The fracture mechanisms are established by static and dynamic tensions in different cases, studying the possible interactions matrix-reinforcement and their repercussion in the mechanical behaviour of the alloy.

Se estudian las propiedades de las aleaciones de aluminio 6061/(20%Al₂O_3p obtenidas por colada y conformadas posteriormente por extrusión y forja. Estos materiales son sometidos a tratamientos térmicos de envejecimiento (T6 para estudiar su efecto en las propiedades mecánicas. En este trabajo se comparan las características de la matriz con las del material reforzado en las distintas etapas de producción utilizando técnicas de microscopía óptica y electrónica, EDS y ensayos de tracción, fatiga y ultramicroindentación. Los ensayos mecánicos indican que el material compuesto extruido presenta valores de resistencia mecánica más bajos que la aleación 6061 tratada en las mismas condiciones y ello se relaciona con la presencia de espinela en la interfase alúmina-matriz. Se establecen los mecanismos de fractura por tensiones estáticas y dinámicas en los distintos casos, estudiando las posibles interacciones matriz

Does magnesium compromise the high temperature processability of novel biodegradable and bioresorbables PLLA/Mg composites?

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Cifuentes, Sandra C.

2014-06-01

Full Text Available This paper addresses the influence of magnesium on melting behaviour and thermal stability of novel bioresorbable PLLA/Mg composites as a way to investigate their processability by conventional techniques, which likely will require a melt process at high temperature to mould the material by using a compression, extrusion or injection stage. For this purpose, and to avoid any high temperature step before analysis, films of PLLA loaded with magnesium particles of different sizes and volume fraction were prepared by solvent casting. DSC, modulated DSC and thermogravimetry analysis demonstrate that although thermal stability of PLLA is reduced, the temperature window for processing the PLLA/Mg composites by conventional thermoplastic routes is wide enough. Moreover, magnesium particles do not alter the crystallization behaviour of the polymer from the melt, which allows further annealing treatments to optimize the crystallinity in terms of the required combination of mechanical properties and degradation rate.Este trabajo aborda la influencia de magnesio en el comportamiento a fusión y en la estabilidad térmica de nuevos compuestos de PLLA / Mg biorreabsorbibles como una forma de investigar su procesabilidad mediante técnicas convencionales, lo que probablemente requerirá una etapa en estado fundido a alta temperatura para moldear el material mediante el uso de una etapa de compresión, extrusión o inyección. Para este fin, los materiales de PLLA cargados con partículas de magnesio, de diferentes tamaños y fracción de volumen, se prepararon por la técnica de disolución y colada, evitando así el procesado a alta temperatura antes del análisis. El análisis mediante DSC, DSC modulada y termogravimetría demuestra que, aunque la estabilidad térmica de PLLA se reduce, el intervalo de temperatura para su procesado por rutas convencionales es suficientemente amplio. Además, las partículas de magnesio no alteran la cristalización del pol

EL ARTE RUPESTRE PALEOLÍTICO DE LA CUEVA DE AMBROSIO (VÉLEZ-BLANCO, ALMERÍA, ESPAÑA. UNA VISIÓN VEINTE AÑOS DESPUÉS

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Sergio Ripoll López

2013-11-01

Full Text Available Durante las campañas de 1992 y 1994 se encontraron en el yacimiento solutrense de La Cueva de Ambrosio (Vélez-Blanco, Almería, España un conjunto de representaciones artísticas parietales pintadas y grabadas del Paleolítico superior. Entre los grabados del panel I, se ha descifrado una excelente silueta de caballo, una representación de ave, unos protomos de bóvido y de caballo, así como otros trazos todavía no interpretados. En la parte inferior del panel existen pinturas, poco visibles a causa de una colada calcítica y de momento no es posible interpretar ninguna representación figurativa. En el panel II se han identificado un total de 25 figuras tanto grabadas como pintadas. La excepcionalidad del hallazgo reside en el hecho de poder interrelacionar perfectamente estas muestras de arte con los niveles arqueológicos claramente definidos desde el punto de vista cultural y cronoestratigráfico (ca. 20000 BP Solutrense medio y Solutrense superior del mismo yacimiento.In the solutrean site of La Cueva de Ambrosio (Vélez-Blanco, Almería, Spain several engraved and painted figures dated on the Upper Palaeolithic, have been found during the field works of 1992 and 1994. In The panel I we have identified an excellent representation of a horse, a bird, one bovidae and another protome of a horse. Below this surface there are many red ochre wall paintings covered by a calcitic speleotheme and for the time being we are unable to give any interpretation for it. In the second panel we have discovered more tone splendid red painted horse, two more enngraved horses and a little head of one other black painted horse. There are many engraved lines and pictural rests that must be studied in the future. The exceptionality of this discovery is that we can interrelate perfectly these rock art paintings with the archaeological levels clearly defined chronologically and culturally (ca. 20000 BP, Middle Solutrean and Upper Solutrean from the same site.

Influencia de la composición y el tratamiento térmico en las propiedades mecánicas de aleaciones de bronce al aluminio

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Cenoz-Echeverría, I.

2007-08-01

Full Text Available Aluminium bronzes are copper-base alloys containing aluminium within the limits between 5-12 %. Additions of Fe, Ni and Mn are used as alloying elements forming a family of complex alloys noted for their exceptional strength and corrosion resistance. In present paper the Ni:Fe ratio and heat treatments have been analyzed by determining the mechanical properties for three different aluminium bronze alloys containing Cu-Al10-Fe3, Cu-Al10-Fe5-Ni5 and Cu-Al10-Fe4-Ni8. The effect of as cast, quenched and quenched and tempered structures has been investigated regarding hardness, proof and ultimate tensile strength, elongation, modulus of elasticity, Poisson ratio, fracture toughness, fatigue strength, crack propagation and Charpy impact properties. The influence of temperature has been studied by testing the elastic modulus, Poisson ratio, the proof stress, tensile strength and the Charpy impact properties at –20 °C, 24 °C and 100 °C.

Los cuproaluminios son aleaciones de cobre con contenidos de aluminio del 5-12 % que pueden incorporar hierro, níquel, y manganeso para formar una familia de aleaciones con unas excelentes propiedades de resistencia mecánica y a la corrosión. En el presente artículo se estudia el efecto que la relación Ni:Fe y que los tratamientos térmicos ocasionan en las propiedades mecánicas como dureza, límite elástico, tensión de rotura, alargamiento, módulo de elasticidad, coeficiente de Poisson, tenacidad a la fractura estática, resiliencia, fatiga y propagación de grieta. Para ello, se analizan tres aleaciones en tres estados. Las composiciones nominales son Cu-Al10-Fe3, Cu-Al10-Fe5-Ni5 y Cu- Al10-Fe4-Ni8. Las estructuras de las aleaciones son las correspondientes a: bruto de colada, temple y temple seguido de revenido. La caracterización del módulo de elasticidad y coeficiente de Poisson, así como los ensayos de tracción y resiliencia, se realizan a –20 °C, 24 °C y 100 °C.

Determination of inorganic pollutants in soil after volatilization using microwave-induced combustion

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Picoloto, Rochele S. [Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil and Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Bioanalítica, Campinas, SP (Brazil); Wiltsche, Helmar; Knapp, Günter [Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Graz (Austria); Mello, Paola A. [Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil and Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Bioanalítica, Campinas, SP (Brazil); Barin, Juliano S. [Departamento de Tecnologia e Ciência dos Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS (Brazil); Flores, Erico M.M., E-mail: ericommf@gmail.com [Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil and Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Bioanalítica, Campinas, SP (Brazil)

2013-08-01

Microwave-induced combustion (MIC) was applied for analyte volatilization from soil and subsequent determination of As, Cd and Pb by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES), and Hg by cold vapor generation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (CVG-ICP-MS). Soil samples (up to 300 mg) were mixed with microcrystalline cellulose, pressed as pellets and combusted in closed quartz vessels pressurized with 20 bar O{sub 2}. Analytes were volatilized from soil during combustion and quantitatively absorbed in a suitable solution: nitric acid (1, 2, 4 or 6 mol L{sup −1}) or a solution of nitric (2 mol L{sup −1}) and hydrochloric (1, 2 or 4 mol L{sup −1}) acids. Accuracy was evaluated using certified reference materials of soil (NIST 2709, San Joaquin Soil) and sediment (SUD-1, Sudbury sediment for trace elements). Agreement with certified values was better than 95% (t-test, 95% confidence level) for all analytes when 6 mL of a solution of 2 mol L{sup −1} HNO{sub 3} and 2 mol L{sup −1} HCl was used with a reflux step of 5 min. The limit of detection was 0.010, 0.002, 0.009 and 0.012 μg g{sup −1} for As, Cd, Hg and Pb, respectively using ICP-MS determination. A clear advantage of the proposed method over classical approaches is that only diluted solution is used. Moreover, a complete separation of the analytes from matrix is achieved minimizing potential interferences in ICP-MS or ICP-OES determination. Up to eight samples can be digested in a single run of only 25 min, resulting in a solution suitable for the determination of all analytes by both techniques. - Highlights: ► Microwave-induced combustion method was applied for soil samples. ► Analytes were volatilized during MIC allowing a suitable separation from matrix. ► Matrix interferences during the determination step are minimized. ► As, Cd, Hg and Pb were determined by ICP-MS. ► Diluted acid solutions were

A(utuando o Rio: a lei1, o desejo e a produção da cidade em Tropa de elite, de José Padilha (Enacting Rio: law, desire and the production of the city in Jose Padilha's Tropa de elite

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James Craine

2009-12-01

Full Text Available Nosso engajamento com o filme Tropa de elite, de 2007, do diretor José Padilha, é pertinente a discussões mais amplas acerca do papel do desejo e da lei nas formações de geografias do lugar. Em Tropa de elite, é a exploração das potencialidades transformadoras da lei, no mundo rotineiro e cotidiano, por intermédio de seu personagem principal, Capitão Roberto Nascimento (Wagner Moura, que evoca a verdadeira significação social e cultural do filme. Contextualizar a paisagem do Rio de Janeiro como uma ordem econômica singular, através da qual suas personagens literal e metaforicamente tiveram lucro e perderam, descortina Tropa de elite como um exemplo poderoso do que Deleuze descreveu como paisagens como estados mentais e estados mentais como cartografias, "ambos cristalizados um no outro, geometrizados, mineralizados". Por intermédio das conexões e das dobras entre estados mentais, paisagens e cartografias, nós podemos ver como, por meio da transformação das paisagens e dos espaços urbanos em Tropa de elite, Padilha realiza uma tarefa qualitativa de expor forças, muitas vezes marginalizadoras e exploratórias, coladas ao espaço, à organização social, às políticas de lugar, ao consumo e à produção capitalistas.Our engagement with Jose Padilha's 2007 film Tropa de elite is apropos to larger discussions of the role of desire and law in the formations of geographies of place. It is Tropa de elite's exploration of the transformative potentialities of law within the everyday and mundane world through its central character, Captain Roberto Nascimento (Wagner Moura, that evokes the film's true social and cultural significance. Contextualizing the Rio de Janeiro landscape as a particular economic order through which its characters have literally and metaphorically profited and lost uncovers Tropa de elite as a powerful example of what Deleuze has described as landscapes as mental states, and mental states as cartographies

GEOARQUEOLOGÍA, RADIOCARBONO Y CRONOESTRATIGRAFÍA DEL YACIMIENTO SOLUTRENSE DE LA CUEVA DE AMBROSIO (VÉLEZ-BLANCO, ALMERÍA, ESPAÑA

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Jesús F. Jordá Pardo

2013-09-01

Full Text Available La Cueva de Ambrosio (Vélez-Blanco, Almería, España es un yacimiento situado en el extremo SE de la Península Ibérica que presenta una secuencia estratigráfica en la que se han excavado tres unidades sedimentarias con materiales del Solutrense. En este trabajo estudiamos la secuencia desde la perspectiva geoarqueológica y cronoestratigráfica. El estudio geoarqueológico ha permitido distinguir dos unidades litoestratigráficas con diferente significado, una inferior generada por una colada de fango y otra superior formada por procesos de gelifracción que contiene las ocupaciones solutrenses. Las últimas dataciones radiocarbónicas obtenidas permiten clarificar la posición de la secuencia en la escala cronoestratigráfica del Pleistoceno superior. La calibración de las nuevas fechas 14C del nivel IV (Solutrense superior y del nivel II (Solutrense superior evolucionado permiten situar estos momentos entre el final del GS 3 (final del OIS 3 y el final del GI 2, con una importante ocupación (nivel II al final del evento H-2, coincidiendo con el interestadial que precede al último Máximo Glacial (GS 2.La Cueva de Ambrosio (Vélez-Blanco, Almería, Spain is located in the Southeast of the Iberian Peninsula. It is a karstic cavity with rock shelter morphology that contains a stratigraphic sequence composed of three sedimentary units with Solutrean materials. In this work we study the sequence from the geoarchaeological and chronostratigraphical perspective. The geoarchaeological study has allowed us to distinguish two litostratigraphic units, the lower generated by a mud flow and the upper formed by gelifraction processes which contains the Solutrean occupations. The last radiocarbon dates from the Solutrean of La Cueva de Ambrosio allow the clarification of its position in the Upper Pleistocene chronostratigraphic scale. The calibration of the new 14C dates from the level IV (Upper Solutrean and the level II (Upper Evolved Solutrean

Evolution of non-uniform grain structure during hot defornnation of a Nb-Ti microalloyed steel

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Katajarinne, T.

2004-10-01

Full Text Available Recrystallisation and the evolution of the abnormally grown austenite grains were investigated for a continuously cast slab of a 0.13 C-1.41 Mn-0.027 Nb-0.012 Ti steel during reheating and after the subsequent deformation. The stability of the recrystallised structure and the uniformity of the final microstructure were also studied. The abnormally grown grains appear in a few minutes at reheating temperatures around 1200 °C. All grains in the bimodal grain structure recrystallised at 1100 °C for strains > 0.2 within about 40 s. The coarse grains are refined, while the fine grains become slightly larger. Some abnormal grain growth can occur again in the recrystallised structure within 10 min. After cooling at 1° C/s the coarse austenite grains transform into large areas of upper bainite, while the finer grains transform to fine ferrite and pearlite. The transformed microstructure in specimens cooled at l°C/s consists of large upper bainitic areas corresponding to the prior coarse austenite grains, surrounded by fine ferrite-pearlite grains.

Se ha estudiado la recristalización y la evolución del crecimiento anormal de grano, durante el recalentamiento y tras deformaciones sucesivas, en un acero 0,13 C-1,41 Mn-0,027 Nb- 0,012 Ti procedente de colada continua. Se ha estudiado, así mismo, la estabilidad de la estructura recristalizada y la uniformidad de la microestructura final. Para temperaturas de recalentamiento próximas a 1.200 °C, aparece crecimiento anormal de grano en unos pocos minutos. Todos los granos pertenecientes a la estructura bimodal resultante recristalizan durante, aproximadamente, 40 s, a 1.100 °C, para una deformación de 0,2. El tamaño de grano se afina en aquellas regiones con granos más gruesos de partida y crece, ligeramente, en las que tenían un grano m��s fino. En 10 min, se puede desencadenar, de nuevo, un cierto crecimiento anormal de grano en la estructura recristalizada. La microestructura final

Influencia de los tratamientos realizados con diferentes ferroaleaciones de magnesio en la evolución de la calidad metalúrgica y los procesos de solidificación de las fundiciones esferoidales

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Loizaga, A.

2008-10-01

formadas y la evolución de las características del metal durante el tiempo de permanencia de éste en el dispositivo de colada. El contenido de magnesio en las ferroaleaciones es un parámetro que ha mostrado una importante influencia en la evolución de la calidad del metal tras finalizar el proceso de tratamiento.

A colecção fotográfica "Inventário da Azulejaria Portuguesa" de João Miguel Santos Simões (1960-1968: objecto artístico, documento e memória The Photography Collection "Inventário da Azulejaria Portuguesa", by João Miguel Santos Simões (1960-1968: artistic object, document and memory

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Maria Alexandra Trindade Gago da Câmara

2008-12-01

Full Text Available O "Inventário da Azulejaria Portuguesa" é um conjunto de espécies fotográficas coladas em cartão. Composta por 5028 documentos fotográficos ( a p& b e a cores, esta colecção faz parte de um projecto mais abrangente e ambicioso proposto pelo estudioso da Azulejaria Portuguesa João Miguel Santos Simões (1907-1972 à Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian em Lisboa no ano de 1958, de que resultaram a criação da Brigada de Estudos da Azulejaria e o Corpus da Azulejaria Portuguesa que a Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian editou entre 1963 e 1970. Cobrindo um vastíssimo território geográfico continental e atlântico, este espólio fotográfico - desde 2005 digitalizado e disponível online a partir da pesquisa do catálogo da Biblioteca de Arte da FGC - reverte-se de um importante interesse como documento histórico no estudo e levantamento do Património em Azulejo ainda existente e parte desaparecido. O propósito deste texto é apresentar e validar a importância enquanto memória documental desta mesma colecção, no âmbito de uma estrutura de organização mais vasta, como foi o rastreio sistemático e a recolha de elementos informativos e actualizados no tempo sobre a azulejaria portuguesa."Inventário da Azulejaria Portuguesa" is a collection of photographs pasted onto cardboard. Comprising 5028 photographic documents (in colour and black and white, the collection is part of a broader, more ambitious project proposed by Portuguese tile researcher João Miguel Santos Simões (1807-1972 to the Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation in 1958, a project that resulted in the publication of Brigada de Estudos da Azulejaria and Corpus da Azulejaria Portuguesa by the Foundation between 1963 and 1970. Covering a vast continental and Atlantic geographic territory, these photographic spoils - digitalized in 2005 and available online through the catalogue of the CGF's Art Library - constitute an important historical document for the study and inventorying of

Ductilidad en caliente y mecanismos de fractura de un acero de construcción

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Calvo, J.

2006-02-01

Full Text Available The hot ductility of a structural steel produced from scrap recycling has been studied to determine the origin of the transverse cracks in the corners that appeared in some billets. Samples extracted both from a billet with transverse cracks and from a billet with no external damage were tested. To evaluate the influence of residual elements and inclusions, the steel was compared to another one impurity free. Reduction in area of the samples tensile tested to the fracture was taken as a measure of the hot ductility The tests were carried out at temperatures ranging from 1000ºC to 650ºC and at a strain rate of 1·10- 3 s-1. The fracture surfaces of the tested samples were observed by scanning electron microscopy in order to determine the embrittling mechanisms that could be acting. The steel with residuals and impurities exhibited lower ductility values for a wider temperature range than the clean steel. The embrittling mechanisms also changed as compared to the impurity free steel.

Se evaluó la ductilidad en caliente de un acero de construcción procedente del reciclaje de chatarra con el fin de determinar el origen de las grietas transversales que aparecen en las esquinas de algunas palanquillas. Para ello, se extrajeron probetas de dos palanquillas de una misma calidad de acero. Una de las palanquillas había presentado agrietamiento transversal al ser colada y, la otra, no. Para conocer la influencia de los elementos residuales e inclusiones en la ductilidad en caliente, otro acero, con la misma composición pero sin impurezas, se fabricó en laboratorio y fue sometido al mismo análisis que los aceros comerciales. La ductilidad en caliente se midió como la reducción del área de las probetas ensayadas a tracción hasta la rotura. Las condiciones a las que se realizaron los ensayos fueron temperaturas de 1.000 a 650 ºC y a una velocidad de deformación de 1·10-3 s-1. Las superficies de fractura de las probetas ensayadas se

Dataciones radiometricas (14C y K/Ar del Teide y el Rift noroeste, Tenerife, Islas Canarias

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Hansen, A.

2003-08-01

unstable slopes of Teide, it took place without any apparent response of the volcano; on the contrary, these eruptions seemed to progressively buttress and enhance the stability of Teide Volcano. Conversely, the occurrence of these flank eruptions, combined with the Pico Viejo and NW rift eruptions, poses a very high lava-flow risk to the now densely populated areas in north and west Tenerife, which have been almost entirely resurfaced during the past 20,000 years.El Teide, el edificio volcánico más alto del planeta (3.718 m sobre el nivel del mar, > 7 km desde el fondo oceánico después del Mauna Loa y Mauna Kea en las islas Hawaii, forma un complejo volcánico en el centro de la isla de Tenerife. Su actividad eruptiva reciente (últimos 20 Ka está asociada con la rama NO del rift triple (120" que ha configurado la etapa reciente de construcción de la isla. La mayoría de las erupciones de Tenerife en este período se han localizado en estas estructuras volcánicas, generando frecuentes y extensas coladas máficas y félsicas, muchas alcanzado la costa e invadiendo lo que es ahora una de las zonas más densamente pobladas de Tenerife y, probablemente, de cualquier isla oceánica del planeta. Sin embargo, y a pesar de los numerosos estudios y proyectos previos, falta aún información geológica básica para este importante sistema volcánico, en particular la datación de las diferentes erupciones que lo componen, con objeto de reconstruir el marco geocronológico indispensable para conocer su evolución y determinar científicamente los riesgos volcánicos, de perentoria necesidad habida cuenta de su naturaleza y entidad, y de la población potencialmente afectada. Nuevas dataciones de Carbono-14 y K/Ar aportan ahora importante información a este respecto. La mayoría de las erupciones de los últimos 20 Ka no están relacionadas con el estratovolcán Teide, que sólo ha tenido una hace 1.240 f 60 años -entre 663 y 943 AD una vez calibrada la edad-, sino con el

Propiedades mecánicas de la aleación AZ31 procesada por una ruta eco-sostenible

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D’Errico, F.

2013-12-01

coladas y extruidas, y aleaciones procesadas por una ruta pulvimetalúrgica utilizando virutas (chips. Esto último tiene como objeto analizar la viabilidad de la reutilización de virutas para la fabricación de componentes de la industria del automóvil y del transporte en general. Se ha demostrado que los materiales fabricados a partir de virutas precompactadas son los más resistentes y la aleación con mayor concentración de CaO la que presenta los valores más altos de resistencia, cercanos a 320 MPa.

Analysis of the specific consumption of energy and of carbon specific emissions of the mexican Iron and steel industry; Analisis del consumo especifico de energia y de las emisiones especificas de carbono de la industria siderurgica mexicana

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Ozawa, L; Sheinbaum, C [Instituto de Ingenieria de la UNAM, Mexico, D. F. (Mexico)

1999-07-01

electricidad. Se observo que las disminuciones tanto en el consumo especifico de energia como en las emisiones especificas de carbono se debieron principalmente a mejoras tecnologicas en la fabricacion del acero: la sustitucion completa de los hornos de hogar abierto y una amplia penetracion de la colada continua. A pesar de estas mejoras en le eficiencia energetica y a la paulatina sustitucion del coque por gas natural al aumentar la produccion de hierro de reduccion directa. Sin embargo, el factor de emision de la electricidad se incremento debido a una mayor participacion de las plantas termoelectricas en 1995 en comparacion a 1970. Se compararon los indicadores de eficiencia energetica de esta industria con otros paises tomando en cuenta su propia estructura. Finalmente se hacen recomendaciones de medidas de ahorro de energia.

Physical modeling of steel flow in a tun dish equipped with a turbulence inhibitor and a gas curtain; Modelacion fisica del flujo de acero en un distribuidor de colada continua equipado con un inhibidor de turbulencia y una cortina de gas

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Perez-Labra, M.; Diaz-Cruz, M.; Palafox-Ramos, J.; Avila-Davila, E. O.; Patino-Cardona, F.

2005-07-01

A 2/5 scale model with a transparent plastic sheet was built based on Froude criterion in which eight cases were studied by PIV technique, maintaining a constant gas flow rate of 596 ml/min and only varying the gas curtain position. The results permitted to get Residence Time Distribution (RTD) curves, and from the data processing it was found that combining Turbulence Inhibitor (TI) with the adequate gas curtain position it is enhanced the plug volume. The case VII presented the best results increasing the plug volume in 131.85% in comparison with the case IV which was taken as the reference one. (Author) 10 refs.

Caracterización y consecuencias de un deslizamiento en un área marginal del Pirineo oriental (Cava, Sierra de Cadí, Enero de 1997

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Molina, David

1997-12-01

Full Text Available The rain which took place between November 1996 and January 1997 caused a landslide in the surrounding area of the village of Cava, placed in the basin of the river Segre (Catalan Prepyrenees. The litology and structure of the mobilized materials, and the agrarian works and its further abandonment, as well, have been fundamental features causing the aforementioned erosive process. The study of this phenomena has highlighted the existence of two different parts: a rotational movement in a hillside's sector and a mud flow. The analysis of the space-time cause's of these processes, its inter-relation with similar ones, and its influence on the human activities, constitute an essential feature in order to define planification and prevention strategies.

[es] Las precipitaciones acaecidas entre noviembre de 1996 y enero de 1997 dieron lugar a un deslizamiento de tierras en las inmediaciones del pueblo de Cava, situado en la cuenca del río Segre (Prepirineo Catalán. La litología y la estructura de los materiales movilizados, así como las prácticas de conservación agrícola y su posterior abandono, han sido fundamentales en el desencadenamiento de este proceso erosivo. El estudio del fenómeno ha puesto de relieve dos partes diferenciadas: un movimiento rotacional en un sector de la ladera y una colada de barro originada por los materiales acumulados en la cabecera del torrente por el cual discurrió posteriormente. El análisis de las causas espacio-temporales de estos procesos y su interrelación con otros parecidos, así como la incidencia en las actividades humanas, son un factor esencial para definir estrategias de planificación y prevención.
[fr] Les pluies ayant eu lieu entre novembre 1996 et janvier 1997 ont provoqué un glissement de terres aux alentours du village de Cava, situé dans le bassin de la rivière Segre (Prepyrenées de Catalogne. La lithologie et la structure des matériaux mobilisés, ainsi que les m

Condiciones de cristalización y diferenciación de las lavas del volcán El Metate (Campo Volcánico de Michoacán-Guanajuato, México

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Losantos, E.

2014-12-01

Full Text Available El Metate is a shield volcano located in the southern sector of the Michoacan-Guanajuato Volcanic Field, one of two largest monogenetic volcanic fields of the Transmexican Volcanic Belt. It was active c. 4.700 ± 200 years B.P and emitted about fifteen calcalkaline lava flows showing variable differentiation degrees. Temperatures calculated from mineral-liquid geothermobarometers for olivine, plagioclase and pyroxene, suggest that olivine was the earliest fractionating phase (1232–1198 °C, followed by plagioclase (1162–1126 °C, orthopyroxene (1147–1027 °C and clinopyroxene (1147–1018 °C. Pressure estimations indicate that crystallization started at ~7 kbar and progressed up to surface levels. Water contents in the melts during crystalliztion of plagioclase is estimated at ~1.6%. Temperatures calculated on the basis of Al content in amphibole, provide a crystallization range between 995 and 922 °C, at an average pressure of 3.5 kbar and water contents between 5.2% and 6.9%. Although these values could agree with a scenario where amphibole represents a late crystallization phase along the previous fractionating sequence, the systematic presence of disequilibrium textures, which are also observed occasionally in other phases, suggest that other possibilities such as open-system crystallization cannot be discarded.El Metate es un volcán en escudo situado en el sector sur del Campo Volcánico de Michoacán-Guanajuato, uno de los dos campos volcánicos más grandes del Cinturón Volcánico Transmexicano. Su actividad tuvo lugar aproximadamente 4.700 ± 200 a B.P y produjo más de quince coladas de afinidad calcoalcalina que muestran diferente grado de diferenciación. Las temperaturas calculadas mediante geotermómetros mineral-líquido para olivino, plagioclasa, y piroxenos muestran que la fase más temprana en cristalizar fue el olivino (1232–1198 °C, seguido de plagioclasa (1162–1126 °C, ortopiroxeno (1147–1027 °C y

Estudio vulcanológico y qeoquímico del maar de la Caldera del Rey. Tenerife (Canarias

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Paradas Herrero, A.

1984-12-01

magma sálico y en parte al vapor de agua originado durante la interacción del magma con agua subterránea. Esta explosividad se pone de manifiesto en el resalte tallado en la Serie Basáltica Antigua, atravesada y fragmentada en parte por la erupción El carácter freatomagmático de la erupción se refleja por la existencia de lapilli acreecionario. Los materiales emitidos son exclusivamente de proyección aérea: aglomerados, tobas y cineritas, no habiéndose originado coladas. Parte de los cantos de la toba son comagmáticos, y. al igual que las cineritas y el pómez, corresponden a rocas sálicas traquítico-fonolíticas, que representan los últimos estadios de la diferenciación de los magmas alcalinos oceánicos. El carácter geoquímico de los materiales de la Caldera del Rey es característica y se distingue claramente de los de otros depósitos próximos y también sálicos formados en diferentes ciclos.

Los yacimientos de vertebrados del Mioceno medio de Somosaguas (Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid: implicaciones paleoambientales y paleoclimáticas

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López Martínez, N.

2006-12-01

nueva de hámster (Cricetodon soriae nov. sp.. La sucesión muestra varios episodios de coladas de tipo debris-flow con transporte de huesos, rocas y arcosas discordantes por debajo y por encima de un relleno lacustre. Los depósitos contienen una secuencia de alteración de micas con arcillas de neoformación progresivamente más evolucionadas y vetas de caliche hacia techo, indicando aridez creciente. La riqueza del conjunto de macro y microvertebrados de los yacimientos de Somosaguas permite relacionarlo con el de otros yacimientos de edad similar, resultando en un patrón biogeográfico de transición paleártico-paleotropical. Esto coincide con los datos paleoclimáticos aportados por la fauna de mamíferos, que indican la existencia de condiciones tropicales con estacionalidad hídrica muy marcada. Se infiere la existencia en el área de un mosaico de ambientes dentro de un bioma de sabana, combinando áreas abiertas y bosquetes asociados al medio lacustre. El análisis isotópico indica un progresivo enfriamiento y aridez, que se correlaciona con los cambios climáticos inferidos a escala global en este período, hace unos 14 millones de años.

Plasma-based determination of inorganic contaminants in waste of electric and electronic equipment after microwave-induced combustion

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Mello, Paola A.; Diehl, Lisarb O.; Oliveira, Jussiane S.S.; Muller, Edson I. [Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima, 1000, 97105-900, Santa Maria (Brazil); Mesko, Marcia F. [Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Campus Capão do Leão, 96900-010 Pelotas, RS (Brazil); Flores, Erico M.M., E-mail: ericommf@gmail.com [Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima, 1000, 97105-900, Santa Maria (Brazil)

2015-03-01

A systematic study was performed for the determination of inorganic contaminants in polymeric waste from electrical and electronic equipment (EEE) for achieving an efficient digestion to minimize interferences in determination using plasma-based techniques. The determination of As, Br, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Sb, and Zn by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and also by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP OES) was carried out after digestion using microwave-induced combustion (MIC). Arsenic and Hg were determined by flow-injection chemical vapor generation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (FI-CVG-ICP-MS). Dynamic reaction cell inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (DRC-ICP-MS) with ammonia was also used for Cr determination. The suitability of MIC for digestion of sample masses up to 400 mg was demonstrated using microcrystalline cellulose as aid for combustion of polymers from waste of EEEs that usually contain flame retardants that impair the combustion. The composition and concentration of acid solutions (HNO{sub 3} or HNO{sub 3} plus HCl) were evaluated for metals and metalloids and NH{sub 4}OH solutions were investigated for Br absorption. Accuracy was evaluated by comparison of results with those obtained using high pressure microwave-assisted wet digestion (HP-MAWD) and also by the analysis of certified reference material (CRM) of polymer (EC680k—low-density polyethylene). Bromine determination was only feasible using digestion by MIC once losses were observed when HP-MAWD was used. Lower limits of detection were obtained for all analytes using MIC (from 0.005 μg g{sup −1} for Co by ICP-MS up to 3.120 μg g{sup −1} for Sb by ICP OES) in comparison to HP-MAWD due to the higher sample mass that can be digested (400 mg) and the use of diluted absorbing solutions. The combination of HNO{sub 3} and HCl for digestion showed to be crucial for quantitative recovery of some elements, as Cr and Sb

Features of deep cave sediments: their influence on fossil preservation

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Cobo, R.

2003-08-01

Full Text Available We analyse how physical and chemical deep-cave sediment features preserve the morphological and geochemical characteristics of paleontological materials. Detrital sediment chemistry and clast size are fundamental because they provide a soft, impervious and plastic environment in which fossil remains are transported with minimal erosion. Sediment mineralogy provides a carbonate- and phosphate-buffered environment in which molecules of biological origin hydrolyze slower than in open-air environments or even at cave entrance sites. Because permafrost did not develop in the Iberian Peninsula (at least at the altitudes of inhabited caves, sediment desiccation never took place. In addition, sediment -pores were not aerated, which protected fossil remains from air (oxygen-linked weathering. The annual-temperature variation inside sediment was negligible, which contributed to amino acid racemization dating. Collagen amino acid and amino acid racemization analysis of cave bear and man samples from cave sediments dated from different Oxygen Isotope Stages (4": Sidrón, Amutxate, Troskaeta, El Toll, Coro Tracito, Ekain, Lezetxiki, La Pasada, Eirós; 5": Reguerillo and Arrikrutz; 6"-7": Sima de los Huesos demonstrate that important amounts of almost intact collagen still remain in teeth dentine. Fossil DNA search seems to be very promising.En este trabajo se analiza el papel que juegan las características físicas y químicas de los sedimentos de galerías profundas de cuevas en la preservación de los caracteres morfológicos y paleobiomoleculares del material paleontológico incluido en dichos sedimentos. Los aspectos geoquímicos y de tamaño de grano del sedimento son críticos: las características generan un medio blando, plástico e impermeable que permite el transporte -mecánico sin grave deterioro del material (en coladas de barro; las características químicas mineralogía del sediment* proporcionan un ambiente con tampón fosfatado

Some Applications of Short-Lived Radioisotopes in the Study of Metals; Applications Diverses des Radioelements de Courte Periode dans l'Etude des Metaux; РАЗЛИЧНЫЕ ПРИМЕНЕНИЯ КОРОТКОЖИВУЩИХ РАДИОЭЛЕМЕНТОВ ПРИ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯХ МЕТАЛЛОВ; Aplicaciones de los Radioelementos de Periodo Corto en el Estudio de los Metales

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Kohn, A. [Institut de Recherches de la Siderurgie, Saint-Germain-en-Laye (France)

1963-03-15

despues de la colada. En muchos de estos lingotes, se registraron corrientes de conveccion de intensidad suficiente para distribuir el oro por gran parte del volumen del lingote una hora despues de terminada la colada. (author) [Russian] V jetom doklade izlagaetsja nekotorye tipichnye vidy primenenija korotkozhivushhih radiojelementov pri issledovanii metallov. Razrabotan prostoj metod aktivacionnogo analiza dlja opredelenija soderhanija lantana v razlichnyh markah stali, k kotoroj vo vremja plavki dobavljaetsja neznachitel'noe kolichestvo neochishhennoj smesi redkozemel'nyh jelementov. Issledovalos' povedenie mysh'jaka v period okislenija zheleza s cel'ju izuchit', kak vedut sebja neznachitel'nye kolichestva soderzhashhegosja v zheleze mysh'jaka v jetot period. S pomoshh'ju avtoradiografii bylo ustanovleno prezhde vsego znachitel'noe obogashhenie mysh'jakom poverhnosti razdela metall-okis'. V rezul'tate primenenija metoda, zakljuchajushhegosja v aktivirovanii okislennyh obrazcov v jader- nom reaktore i rastvorenii obrazujushhihsja sloev tolshhinoj v neskol'ko mikron, predstavilos' vozmozhnym izuchit' dannoe javlenie v kachestvennom otnoshenii. Udalos' proverit', chto mysh'jak koncentriruetsja v metalle rjadom s poverhnost'ju razdela, gde ego koncentracija mozhet v 30 - 40 raz prevyshat' pervonachal'noe soderzhanie primesi. S pomoshh'ju avtoradiografii issledovalsja prirost metallicheskih kristallov, s uchetom togo, chto tverdoe telo bolee bedno legirujushhimi jelementami po sravneniju s rasplavom, iz kotorogo ono obrazuetsja. Jeto issledovanie kasalos' medlenno ohlazhdaemyh splavov alljuminija i medi, kotorye zatem poluchali zakalku v processe zatverdenija. Issledovanie pozvolilo vyjavit' konfiguraciju metallicheskih kristallov na razlichnyh stadijah ih prirosta i ustanovit' zavisimost' processa zatverdenija ot izmenenija temperatury splava, izmerjaemoj s pomoshh'ju termopary. Izuchenie konvektivnyh tokov v bol'shih slitkah dlja pokovki imelo cel'ju podtverdit' nalichie

CONSERVACIÓN Y TRANSFORMACIÓN DE GRANOS ANCESTRALES EN EL RESGUARDO INDÍGENA DE GUAMBÍA SILVIA-CAUCA CONSERVAÇÃO E TRANSFORMAÇÃO DE GRÃOS DO INDIANO ANTIGO GUARDA GUAMBÍA SILVIA-CAUCA GRAIN STORAGE AND PROCESSING OF INDIGENOUS ANCESTRAL IN THE SHELTER OF GUAMBÍA SILVIA-CAUCA

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FRANCISCO E ARGOTE VEGA

2010-12-01

Full Text Available El objetivo fundamental del presente trabajo, fue mejorar las condiciones de conservación y almacenamiento de los granos ancestrales de Quinua, Chachafruto y Amaranto, a su vez la elaboración de productos agroindustriales a partir de las harinas. Inicialmente se caracterizó la población guambiana, en aspectos productivos de los cultivos y agro industrialización de las materias primas en mención. Posteriormente se desarrollaron capacitaciones a 70 líderes comunitarios, sobre el manejo pos cosecha (acondicionamiento y almacenamiento de los granos, proceso de obtención de las harinas, y finalmente la elaboración de productos. La metodología empleada en las capacitaciones y asistencia técnica fue la de "aprender haciendo". La práctica tuvo una duración de ocho meses, tiempo en el cual se desarrollaron cada una de las fases del proyecto. Como resultados sobresalientes se obtuvieron, la adopción de técnicas pos cosecha y acondicionamiento de los granos en las operaciones de desaponificación, redistribución de bodega de almacenamiento, implementación de análisis granulométricos, obtención de harinas de acuerdo a las normas NTC 271, diversificación de productos a partir de las harinas obtenidas, los cuales fueron: achucha, coladas, pan, galletas, pasteles, arequipe, arepas, empanadas y natilla. La investigación desarrollada en el diseño y elaboración de los productos fue con enfoque participativo, basada en el diálogo de saberes, y el grado de aceptación de los productos se hizo mediante evaluación sensorial. En suma a lo anterior la propuesta generó beneficios económicos y socialesO objetivo fundamental o presente trabalho foi melhorar as condições de conservação e armazenamento dos grãos ancestrais Chachafruto, Quinua, Amaranto, transformar produtos agroindustriais de farinha. Inicialmente caracterizado Guambiano produtivos aspectos das culturas e das matérias-primas industrialização agro na população de refer

The “Sima del Elefante” cave site at Atapuerca (Spain

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Huguet, R.

2006-12-01

the lower levels from Gran Dolina site (TD4, whereas the TE upper levels possibly correspond to a moment later than the sedimentation of Galería GIII/GIV, and Gran Dolina TD10/TD11. In addition, the structural features of the TE site together with its sedimentary and arqueo-paleontological record allow the eventual exploration of problems that remain unresolved in other Atapuerca cave sites.El yacimiento de la Sima del Elefante (TE (Atapuerca, España se localiza en el extremo sur de la trinchera del ferrocarril de la Sierra de Atapuerca. TE constituye una sección transversal de una antigua galería kárstica totalmente colmatada de sedimentos pleistocenos. La secuencia estratigráfica completa alcanza los 25 m de potencia y ha sido dividida en 21 unidades lito-estratigráficas delimitadas por discontinuidades mayores. La historia de la cavidad puede ordenarse en al menos tres fases. La fase inferior (niveles TE8 a TE14 data del tercio final del Pleistoceno Inferior, con una cronología entre 1.1 y 1.4 millones de años. Es rica en registro arqueo-paleontológico y presenta claras evidencias de actividad antrópica. Dada su cronología, los niveles inferiores de TE representan un importante referente para la comprensión de la primera colonización humana de Europa. La fase intermedia la constituyen las unidades TE15 a TE19. El tramo basal de esta segunda fase de relleno (TE15 a TE17 hasta la fecha no ha deparado contenido fósil. El tramo superior (TE18 y TE19, cuya cronología parece corresponder a la parte final del Pleistoceno Medio, es rica en restos de grandes mamíferos e industria lítica sobre sílex y cuarcita. La unidad TE19 se caracteriza por una sucesión de coladas detríticas (“debris-flow” (TE19A a TE19G, con matriz muy dura y carbonatada, rica en huesos de grandes mamíferos y ausencia de micromamíferos. El nivel TE19G contiene abundantes restos de carbón pendiente de verificar su posible carácter antrópico. Finalmente, la tercera y última

Présentation géomorphologique de la région de Pampas-San Juan-Huascoy

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1975-01-01

la geomorfología y se interesa por los rasgos físicos del paisaje estudiado en relación con las actividades humanas. Una primera parte concierne a la litología y a la estructura general del sector se trata de afloramientos volcánicos (andesitas con apófisis del batolito andino (dioritas Las coladas andesíticas presentan un buzamiento general débil hacia el S y están afectadas por grandes pliegues. El conjunto ha sido muy meteorizado a veces por varios metros de espesor, lo que ha constituido alteritas areno-limosas. La segunda parte se interesa por las unidades geomorfológicas del paisaje el piso de altura, por encima de los 4200 m, se encuentra afectado por el frío y el papel del hielo (geosistema de la puna y de los derrubios vivos el piso de los derrubios colonizados (entre 3400 y 4200 m se ubica donde el hielo no tiene un papel activo y donde empiezan las cárcavas actuales el piso de las formaciones coluviales deslizadas, por debajo de los 3400 m, tiene una importancia particular por el hecho de constituir la parte esencial de los terruños de las comunidades estudiadas. Se notan muy grandes movimientos en masa antiguos (desprendimientos-deslizamientos, pequeños movimientos antiguos y actuales (desprendimientos-deslizamientos, golpes de cuchara, solifluxión pelicular, por fin la acción de la escorrentía superficial y de los entalles. El piso soleado de los derrubios con cactus empieza hacia los 2200 m, muy seco y afectado por cárcavas ('huaycos' por fin, en el fondo del valle, algunos restos de terrazas y de abanicos se ubican a unos 1600 m de altura. La tercera parte relaciona la influencia antrópica con la morfogénesis actual y una última parte trata una síntesis de las observaciones por medio de modelos de sistemas. Observaciones precisas ('sondeos'' y resultados granulométricos figuran en anexo. This presentation goes beyond geomorphology as such and deals with the physical features of the landscape studied as related to human activities

Research upon the quality assurance of the rolling-mill rolls and the variation boundaries of the chemical composition

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Kiss, I.

2008-08-01

boundaries for the chemical composition, in view the obtaining the desired and optimal values of the hardness of this very important metallurgical equipments. The enunciation of some mathematically modeling results, described through a number of multi-component equations determined for the spaces with 3 the and 4 dimensions, as well as the generation of some regression surfaces, of some curves of levels and volumes of variation, can be represented and interpreted by technologists and can be considerate diagrams of correlation between the analyzed variables. From this point of view the research is inscribes in context of scientific capitalization of the process and the industrial technologies optimizations, on the way of the analysis and the mathematical experiment.

Los cilindros o rodillos de laminación de función deben presentar una dureza más alta en su superficie y menor en el núcleo y el cuello del cilindro, adecuados a la resistencia mecánica y a la alta temperatura de trabajo. Si en la zona de la superficie de rodillo, la dureza se garantiza por las cementita existente en la estructura, el núcleo del cilindro debe tener grafito para asegurar la característica deseada. A partir de consideraciones sobre los equipos de la laminación, forma de los cilindros de laminación, zonas tecnológicas del interés y de la estructura, que asegura la característica de la explotación, se estableció un modelo que da una descripción matemática de las influencias directas y, finalmente, mediante determinaciones sucesivas, permite establecer un óptimo. Uno de los parámetros, que determinan la estructura del material de los cilindros de laminación es su composición química, que garantiza las características de la explotación de cada cilindro en el laminador. El empleo de las composiciones químicas de colada, óptimas, puede ser una manera técnicamente eficiente de asegurar las características de la explotación; el material de fabricación de los cilindros

Geología y vulcanología de La Palma y El Hierro, Canarias Occidentales

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Pérez Torrado, F. J.

2001-12-01

basculamiento de 45-50" al SO, seguido de un período de quiescencia y erosión del edificio submarino emergido. La consolidación definitiva y progresión de la construcción de la isla se hace en discordancia angular y erosiva sobre el basamento submarino a partir de al menos unos 1,77 millones de años. La reactivación volcánica subaérea, con predominio de volcanismo explosivo en las fases iniciales con producción de abundantes materiales volcanoclásticos y freatomagmáticos en la base del edificio subaéreo, persistió de forma muy continua hasta al menos 0,41 millones de años. Esta fase subaérea inicial configura el Escudo Volcánico Norte, formado por la superposición de varios edificios volcánicos superpuestos y aproximadamente concéntricos entre sí y con el basamento submarino. El Escudo Volcánico Norte tiene una primera etapa, desde 1,77 a 1,20 ma, en la que se construye el edificio volcánico Garafía, formado por lavas predominantemente basálticas alcalinas poco diferenciadas y abundancia de lavas «pahoe-hoe», que alcanza una altura de 2.500-3.000 m, con flancos de acusadas pendientes. El rápido crecimiento y progresiva inestabilidad del edificio Garafía culminó hace unos 1,20 millones de años en un deslizamiento gravitatorio del flanco meridional del edificio. La actividad eruptiva que siguió al colapso comienza rellenando la depresión de deslizamiento, levantando un nuevo edificio volcánico -el edificio volcánico Taburiente-, que se apoya sobre una clara discordancia angular producto del deslizamiento. La depresión se rellenó completamente hace unos 0,89 ma, edad de las primeras lavas en desbordarla. El relleno de la depresión por las lavas del Taburiente acaba conformando un apilamiento de coladas horizontales -predominantemente basaltos alcalinos- que se remansan contra la cabecera del escarpe de deslizamiento formando una meseta colgada en el centro del escudo volcánico. Coincidiendo aproximadamente con el límite Matuyama

Caracterización geosísmica de un sector de traza de la Ruta Nº 40: Provincia de Santa Cruz - Argentina

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Armando Luis Imhof

2010-12-01

Full Text Available Con el objetivo de caracterizar las distintas calidades de terrenos subyacentes para el proyecto de pavimentación de la Ruta Nacional Nº 40, en la provincia de Santa Cruz, se llevaron a cabo tareas de prospección sísmica de refracción. La finalidad que se persiguió fue estudiar el grado de escarificabilidad del subsuelo bajo la traza mencionada, a lo largo de una extensión de 5000 m, comprendidos en dos secciones cercanas entre sí. Esta determinación permite calcular costos de voladuras o escarificables. La zona de estudio se caracteriza por presentar un paisaje típico de estepa patagónica, con presencia de coladas basálticas indicando vulcanismo antiguo. En la superficie se observó suelos aluvionales finos a medios con presencia en ocasiones de orgánicos y además en algunos sitios grandes bloques de basalto. Se realizaron 50 tendidos sísmicos, los cuáles fueron distribuidos a lo largo de la traza en forma continua. En cada uno de los tendidos se efectuaron lecturas de ida, vuelta, desde el punto central hacia los extremos y 2 tiros lejanos; la configuración de geófonos y disparos se determinó en campo en pruebas previas y de acuerdo a la disponibilidad de espacio. En general la longitud de los perfiles estuvo situada entre 25 y 100m y la separación entre geófonos fue de 5m, con objeto de garantizar el detalle de la investigación. La distribución y cantidad de disparos que se utilizó tuvo por objetivo calcular con precisión velocidades aparentes y de esta forma las verdaderas, calcular inclinaciones de refractores, delimitar el refractor profundo con la mayor precisión posible y asegurar una profundidad de investigación de por lo menos 15 metros. En el procesamiento se procedió a la determinación de los primeros arribos; éstos se representaron en función de las distancias mutuas entre geófonos, en la forma habitual de dromocronas para la posterior ayuda a la interpretación. Una vez efectuado el trazado de las

Procesos y riesgos volcánicos

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Cebriá, J. M.

2007-12-01

á asociado a fenómenos de extensión producidos por fenómenos tales como la indentación y la delaminación o bien está relacionado con plumas mantélicas, como ocurre en general en áreas de intraplaca oceánica. El tipo de erupción depende de la composición del magma, y sobre todo de su temperatura, viscosidad y contenido en gases. En general, los magmas basálticos (que tienen contenidos en SiO2 comprendidos entre 45 y 52%, temperaturas de 1.000-1.200 °C, viscosidades del orden de 10-102 Pa·s y baja abundancia de gases extruyen de forma tranquila o moderadamente explosiva, dando lugar a erupciones de tipo hawaiano o estromboliano. Por el contrario, los magmas ácidos (que tienen contenidos en SiO2 superiores al 63%, temperaturas de 700 a 900 °C, viscosidades entre 106 y 108 Pa·s y elevado contenido en gases y los traquítico-fonolíticos lo hacen de forma explosiva, generando erupciones de tipo vulcaniano y pliniano. A escala global las erupciones volcánicas y los fenómenos asociados son más infrecuentes y generan menos víctimas y daños que otros riesgos naturales. Según la información recopilada en la más reciente y completa base de datos (Witham, 2005, de los 176 volcanes/áreas volcánicas que se incluyen en la misma, más de la mitad han sido responsables de más de un incidente en el siglo XX, y de las 491 erupciones que han tenido lugar en este período de tiempo del orden del 50% han producido muertes. De los diferentes materiales emitidos, las coladas y oleadas piroclásticas fueron las principales causas de muerte, seguidas de los lahares, que a su vez fueron la principal causa de heridos. Por el contrario, las lavas y los piroclastos de caída generaron un número relativamente pequeño de muertes y heridos, si bien los piroclastos de caída fueron responsables del mayor número de personas que perdieron su casa y que tuvieron que ser evacuadas. Por otra parte, como las erupciones de los volcanes asociados a zonas de subducción son, en

Non-Destructive Testing in Reactor Pressure-Vessel Fabrication; Essais non Destructifs dans la Fabrication des Caissons Etanches de Reacteurs; Nedestruktivnoe ispytanie pri izgotovlenii reaktornykh bakov vysokogo davleniya; Ensayo no Destructivo Durante la Fabricacion de Recipientes de Presion para Reactores

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

McGonnagle, W. J. [Fluids Dynamics Research, Iit Research Institute, Chicago, IL (United States)

1965-09-15

applicables. Il suggere des criteres, a la fois realistes et satisfaisants, d'acceptation et de rejet. Il expose les grandes lignes d'une procedure qui permettra au personnel charge des essais non destructifs d'accomplir sa tache de maniere appropriee au stade opportun du cycle de fabrication. Il etudie les rapports entre le groupe charge des essais non destructifs et les autres groupes de personnel intervenant dans la fabrication du caisson. (author) [Spanish] El presente trabajo tiene como finalidad esbozar brevemente un programa de control de calidad aplicado en el proyecto y construccion de un recipiente de presion para reactor, capaz de satisfacer todas las exigencias nucleares y de seguridad; asimismo se propone poner de manifiesto el papel y la importancia de los ensayos no destructivos en el logro de ese objetivo. Las fallas observadas en materiales, componentes y conjuntos de elementos, ponen de manifiesto que las actuales tecnicas de fabricacion no bastan por sf solas para garantizar en todos los casos la seguridad de servicio de los componentes criticos. Aun empleando los mejores procesos, asf como tambien metodos y tecnicas sometidas a controles apropiados, aparecen fallas y heterogeneidades. Por lo tanto, se requiere un programa adecuado y correctamente integrado de ensayos no destructivos, a fin de lograr el nivel de calidad imprescindible para el recipiente de presion de todo reactor nuclear. Los principales metodos no destructivos aplicados por los fabricantes de recipientes de presion para reactores son: inspeccion visual, radiografia y gammagraffa, ensayo ultrasonico, y empleo de particulas magneticas y de Ifquidos penetrantes. El programa de ensayos no destructivos incluye la inspeccion del material en forma de chapas, piezas forjadas, piezas coladas, revestimientos y soldaduras. Se analizan en este trabajo los problemas particulares con que tropieza el ensayo no destructivo aplicado a recipientes de presion para reactores nucleares. Se exponen y discuten

Vitrification of Concentrated Solutions of Fission Products: Technological Studies; Vitrification des Solutions Concentrees de Produits de Fission: Etudes Technologiques; 041e 0421 0422 0415 041a 041b 041e 0412 042b 0412 0410 041d 0418 0415 041a 041e 041d 0426 0415 041d 0422 0420 0418 0420 041e 0412 0410 041d 041d 042b 0425 0420 0410 0421 0422 0412 041e 0420 041e 0412 041f 0420 041e 0414 0423 041a 0422 041e 0412 0414 0415 041b 0415 041d 0418 042f : 0422 0415 0425 041d 0418 0427 0415 0421 041a 041e 0415 0418 0421 0421 041b 0415 0414 041e 0412 0410 041d 0418 0415 ; Vitrificacion de Soluciones Concentradas de Productos de Fision: Estudios Tecnologicos

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Bonniaud, R.; Rancon, P. [Centre d' Etudes NuclEaires, Fontenay-aux-Roses (France)

1963-02-15

rendimiento es del orden del 90%, y b) la volatilidad del rutenio, que sigue siendo apreciable. En cuanto a la instalacion de vitrificacion ''de cuba'', se trata de un procedimiento intermedio entre el que se acaba de describir y el de los crisoles. Luego de anadirle vidrio sinterizado y arcilla gelificante, la solucion activa se cuela continuamente en una cuba que se mantiene a 500 Degree-Sign C hasta colmarla. La calcinacion y la alimentacion son simultaneas. El nivel a que llega la masa se determina midiendo las temperaturas internas. Despues de calcinar la carga completa, el vidrio se funde y cuela por la extremidad inferior de la cuba, que puede asi volver a utilizarse. La cuba actualmente utilizada, que es de inconel, tiene una seccion de 20 cm de diametro y una altura de 1 m. Se han estudiado los siguientes aspectos: composicion de la mezcla; caudal de alimentacion optimo; posibilidad de efectuar una alimentacion separada de la solucion activa y del vidrio sinterizado, sin mezcla previa; y condiciones de la colada del vidrio. Se esta construyendo una instalacion formada por una cuba de 2 m de altura y de unos 20 cm de diametro, calentada por induccion. (author) [Russian] Osteklovyvanie v tigljah daet nekotorye preimushhestva blagodarja prostote v jekspluatacii i neznachitel'nym poterjam radioaktivnosti pri obzhige. Dlja proizvodstvennyh ustanovok jeti poteri javljajutsja bol'shimi, krome jetogo uvelichivaetsja ob'em othodov, prednaznachennyh dlja hranenija. Byli razrabotany dva metoda osteklovyvanija, obespechivajushhie proizvodstvo pri prostejshem oborudovanii. Odin javljaetsja nepreryvnym processom, a drugoj predstavljaet soboj polunepreryvnoe osteklovyvanie ''v tigle''. Jeksperimental'naja ustanovka nepreryvnogo osteklovyvanija imeet proizvoditel'nost' okolo 100 l rastvora v den'. Ona sostoit iz vrashhajushhegosja kal'cinatora, soedinennogo s plavil'noj pech'ju nepreryvnogo dejstvija v vide zharoprochnogo tiglja s jelektricheskim nagrevom. Jetot zharostojkij tigel

Short-Lived Isotopes Used as Tracers in Industry (with Special Reference to Swedish Industry); Emploi de Radioindicateurs de Courte Periode a l'Echelle Industrielie dans les Usines Suedoises; ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ КОРОТКОЖИВУЩИХ ИЗОТОПОВ В ПРОМЫШЛЕННОСТИ В КАЧЕСТВЕ МЕЧЕНЫХ АТОМОВ; Isotopos de Periodo Corto Utilizados Como Indicadores en la Industria Sueca

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Erwall, L. G.; Forsberg, H. G.; Ljunggren, K. [Isotoptekniska Laboratoriet, Stockholm (Sweden)

1963-03-15

transporte de solidos en instalaciones industriales (hornos giratorios, altos hornos, digestores para celulosa, torres de blanqueo, espesadores Dorr); determinacion del caudal de liquidos en tuberias y canales abiertos, por ejemplo, para medir el consumo total de agua en una fabrica; determinacion de tiempos de permanencia y de volumenes bloqueados para liquidos en diversas instalaciones, por ejemplo, en las industrias de la pulpa y del papel; 'determinacion de pesos' por medio de tecnicas de dilucion isotopica, por ejemplo, para evaluar la cantidad de escoria presente en hornos de hogar abierto; determinacion del origen de inclusiones no metalicas en el acero, para perfeccionar revestimientos y hallar las tecnicas optimas de colada; marcacion para identificar la calidad (en las industrias del hierro y del acero se estan identiticando con certeza absoluta bafios experimentales y materiales especificos); determinacion del rendimiento de mezcladoras en la industria delhoimigon; determinacion de las corrientes en tanques receptores de aguas servidas con miras a encontrar el lugar optimo para la boca de salida del liquido; y deteccion y localizacion de fugas. Los indicadores de periodo corto han sido esenciales en muchos de estos estudios para reducir a un minimo la contaminacion del producto final. En la mayoria de los casos, la marcacion es fisica, pudiendo elegirse el indicador de forma que su periodo de semidesintegracion y las caracteristicas de las radiaciones que emiten sean adecuados. Si el nuclido radiactivo que se emplea tiene una elevada seccion eficaz de activacion neutronica, como es el caso de los nuclidos mencionados, el flujo neutronico de un reactor de investigacion basta para obtener indicadores de algunos curies de actividad, siempre que no sea imprescindible una actividad especifica elevada. En 1960 se creo en Suecia un instituto industrial central, el Laboratorio de Tecnicas Isotopicas, cuya mision es llevar a cabo trabajos de investigacion y desarrollo y