Hardness of enamel exposed to Coca-Cola and artificial saliva.

Science.gov (United States)

Devlin, H; Bassiouny, M A; Boston, D

2006-01-01

The purpose of this study was to determine the rate of change in indentation hardness of enamel in permanent teeth exposed to Coca-Cola. In a further experiment, the ability of a commercially available artificial saliva to remineralize enamel treated with Coca-Cola was tested. Ten enamel specimens were randomly chosen to be treated with Coca-Cola (experimental groups) and seven with water (control group). The fluids were applied for 1, 2, 3 h and overnight (15 h), washed off with a few drops of water and the moist enamel indentation hardness tested after each interval. With Coca-Cola treatment, the mean enamel hardness was 92.6% (s.d. = 7.9) of the original baseline hardness after 1 h, 93.25% (s.d. = 10.15) after 2 h, 85.7% (s.d. = 12.03) after 3 h and 80.3% after 15 h. The mean indentation hardness of control specimens treated with water was 108.7% (s.d. = 16.09) of the original hardness after 1 h, 99.09% (s.d. = 18.98) after 2 h, 98.97% (s.d. =11.24) after 3 h and 98.42% (s.d. = 22.78) after 15 h. In a separate experiment, the hardness of 9 enamel specimens was tested, as previously described, before and after treatment with Coca-Cola overnight and again after application of artificial saliva for 3 min. Coca-Cola reduced the mean indentation hardness of enamel in the teeth, but the hardness was partially restored with artificial saliva (Salivart) and increased by 18% from the demineralized enamel hardness.

[Phytobezoar dissolution with Coca-Cola].

Science.gov (United States)

Martínez de Juan, F; Martínez-Lapiedra, C; Picazo, V

2006-05-01

The treatment of phytobezoar is empiric. The various therapeutic choices include dietary modifications, prokinetic drugs, gastric lavage, enzymatic dissolution, endoscopic treatment, and surgery. We present two cases of phytobezoar with successful outcome after Coca-Cola administration.

The spermicidal potency of Coca-Cola and Pepsi-Cola.

Science.gov (United States)

Hong, C Y; Shieh, C C; Wu, P; Chiang, B N

1987-09-01

The inhibitory effect of Old Coke, caffeine-free New Coke, New Coke, Diet Coke and Pepsi-Cola on human sperm motility was studied with a trans-membrane migration method. None of them could decrease sperm motility to less than 70% of control within one hour. A previous study which claimed a marked variation of spermicidal potencies among different formulations of Coca-Cola could not be confirmed. Even if cola has a spermicidal effect, its potency is relatively weak as compared with other well-known spermicidal agents.

Hvorfor køber forbrugerne Coca Cola, når de bedst kan lide Pepsi?

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Jantzen, Christian

2011-01-01

Coca Cola kan i modsætning til Pepsi Cola aktivere den præfrontale cortex – derfor er det selvfølgelig Coca, vi vil have!......Coca Cola kan i modsætning til Pepsi Cola aktivere den præfrontale cortex – derfor er det selvfølgelig Coca, vi vil have!...

The Coca-Cola Company : equity valuation

OpenAIRE

Santos, André Escoval dos

2015-01-01

The present dissertation aims to demonstrate the process of valuing The Coca-Cola Company (KO). Valuation is not an exact science, requiring numerous assumptions and different models to be trusted. Several theories and articles from prestigious authors were followed aiming to deliver the best possible result. There is not a consensus among authors about which method yields best results, however Discounted Cash Flow is considered the finest by most of them. Therefore, KO will...

IDENTIFICATION AND IDENTITY OF THE COCA-COLA BRAND LEXICAL FIELDS

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Mărioara VLIONCU

2012-12-01

Full Text Available Cet article traite un problème très actuel dans le domaine de la linguistique, notamment les champs lexicaux. L’article démontre le fait que les champs lexicaux du brand “ Coca-Cola” se trouve à la frontière entre le langage commun et le langage de spécialité. Le but de l’article est de mettre en évidence les particularités des champs lexicaux des slogans du brand “Coca-Cola”. Le corpus analysé comprend des slogans du brand « Coca-Cola » à partir du XIXème siècle jusqu’au début du XXIème siècle. L’article délimite un cadre théorique et une démonstration pratique concernant les éléments distinctifs des champs lexicaux du brand « Coca-Cola ».Dans ce sens l’article présente et développe le problème des relations entre les champs lexicaux homogènes et hétérogènes, les micro champs lexicaux des slogans du brand « Coca-Cola » les éléments centraux et périphériques des champs lexicaux des slogans de ce brand, les structures syntagmatiques et paradigmatiques des champs lexicaux du brand « Coca-Cola ». L’article met en évidence des champs corrélatifs, multimodaux, pluridimensionnels, en série, récursifs etc. La prémisse dont on est parti a été celle que « jusqu'à présent le problème des champs lexicaux du brand « Coca-Cola » n’a pas été analysé en détail ».Cet article propose une perspective explicative et démonstrative de ces champs lexicaux à l’intention de contribuer à la réalisation d’une analyse linguistique pertinente concernant les champs lexicaux des slogans du brand américain « Coca-Cola ».

Miks Coca-Cola enam ei kihise? / Neeme Raud

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Raud, Neeme, 1969-

2004-01-01

Autor teeb USA äriajakirjanduse põhjal ülevaate Coca-Cola Company maine, turupositsiooni ja aktsiakursi langemise põhjustest alates 1997. aastast. Analüütikute sõnul on korporatsioon olnud ebaedukas tippkaadri voolavuse, sisekonfliktide, pidevate ümberkorralduste ja töötajate koondamiste tõttu. Praegune peadirektor Neville Isdelle on püstitanud eesmärgiks firma sisekultuuri parandamise, et keskenduda liidripositsiooni kindlustamisele turul. Diagramm: Karastusjookidel gaas väljas. Vt. samas: Coca-Cola ja Pepsi - üheskoos alla

Effect of an acidic beverage (Coca-Cola) on the pharmacokinetics of carbamazepine in healthy volunteers.

Science.gov (United States)

Malhotra, S; Dixit, R K; Garg, S K

2002-01-01

The effect of an acidic beverage (Coca-Cola) on the pharmacokinetics of a single dose of carbamazepine was studied. In a two-way cross-over design with a 1 week washout period, 10 healthy volunteers were randomized to received 200 mg carbamazepine orally with 300 ml of Coca-Cola or water. Blood samples were collected at 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 6, 9, 12, 24, 48 and 72 h after drug administration. Plasma carbamazepine levels were higher with Coca-Cola as compared to water. The AUC0-infinity and Cmax of carbamazepine were significantly enhanced after Coca-Cola while tmax was achieved earlier with Coca-Cola. The results of the study indicate that concomitant administration of Coca-Cola enhances the rate and extent of absorption of carbamazepine.

Influence of acidic beverage (Coca-Cola) on pharmacokinetics of ibuprofen in healthy rabbits.

Science.gov (United States)

Kondal, Amit; Garg, S K

2003-11-01

The study was aimed at determining the effect of Coca-Cola on the pharmacokinetics of ibuprofen in rabbits. In a cross-over study, ibuprofen was given orally in a dose of 56 mg/kg, prepared as 0.5% suspension in carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and blood samples (1 ml) were drawn at different time intervals from 0-12 hr. After a washout period of 7 days, Coca-Cola in a dose of (5 ml/kg) was administered along with ibuprofen (56 mg/kg) and blood samples were drawn from 0-12 hr. To these rabbits, 5 ml/kg Coca-Cola was administered once daily for another 7 days. On 8th day, Coca-Cola (5 ml/kg) along with ibuprofen (56 mg/kg), prepared as a suspension was administered and blood samples (1 ml each) were drawn at similar time intervals. Plasma was separated and assayed for ibuprofen by HPLC technique and various pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated. The Cmax and AUC0-alpha of ibuprofen were significantly increased after single and multiple doses of Coca-Cola, thereby indicating increased extent of absorption of ibuprofen. The results warrant the reduction of ibuprofen daily dosage, frequency when administered with Coca-Cola.

Coca-Cola : kasumi languses on süüdi Põhja-Euroopa kehv ilm / Raivo Sormunen

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Sormunen, Raivo, 1976-

2004-01-01

Ilmunud ka: Delovõje Vedomosti 29. sept. lk. 6. Karastusjookide tootja Coca-Cola andis kasumihoiatuse. Ettevõtte majandustulemuste languse põhjustest. Diagramm: Coca-Cola aktsia aasta madalaimal tasemel. Vt. samas: Annika Matson. Coca-Cola jooksev kvartal Eestis saladus

The Coca-Cola incident in Belgium, June 1999.

Science.gov (United States)

Nemery, B; Fischler, B; Boogaerts, M; Lison, D; Willems, J

2002-11-01

The present paper describes the outbreak of health complaints that occurred in Belgium, in June 1999, among schoolchildren and members of the general public in relation to the consumption of Coca-Cola and other soft drinks. The outbreak took place in the wake of a major food crisis, caused by PCB/dioxin contamination of animal feed, that had erupted shortly before. The clinical features (absence of serious poisoning) and epidemiological characteristics of the Coca-Cola outbreak pointed to mass sociogenic illness, and no subsequent toxicological or other data have refuted this hypothesis.

Evaluation of the Coca-Cola company travel health kit.

Science.gov (United States)

Harper, Lynne A; Bettinger, Julie; Dismukes, Roberta; Kozarsky, Phyllis E

2002-01-01

The Coca-Cola travel health kit has been used for about one decade for international travelers and required evaluation to see if the items contained were appropriate for the employees. Two hundred thirty-four travelers were sampled and filled out a voluntary survey including questions about demographic information, travel history, and usage and value of the contents of the travel health kit. One hundred eighty-one surveys were returned; 65% of the respondents were male, and the majority of travelers were between the ages of 36 and 45 years. The most useful items were analgesics and medications used for gastrointestinal problems. In general, the items identified as being the least useful were those requiring specialized use by a medical practitioner, such as needles and syringes. Suggestions of items to be added to the kit included vitamins, cough drops, sleep aids, and eye drops. A surprising result that Coca-Cola employees expressed the desire for brand name rather than generic items. Evaluation of the Coca-Cola Company travel health kit revealed it to be very useful to most corporate travelers. Suggestions that were made will be taken into consideration in designing a new kit, and consideration is being given to whether a basic travel health kit should be provided to which travelers can add other items depending on their personal needs.

Valued Youth Anthology: Articles on Dropout Prevention.

Science.gov (United States)

Intercultural Development Research Association, San Antonio, TX.

This document contains, in chronological order, all articles related to dropouts that have appeared in the Intercultural Development Research Association (IDRA) Newsletter from 1986 to 1989. The articles are: (1) "The Prevention and Recovery of Dropouts: An Action Agenda" (Robledo); (2) "Coca Cola Valued Youth Partnership Program Results of Second…

No harmful effect of different Coca-cola beverages after 6 months of intake on rat testes.

Science.gov (United States)

Tóthová, Lubomíra; Hodosy, Július; Mettenburg, Kathryn; Fábryová, Helena; Wagnerová, Alexandra; Bábíčková, Janka; Okuliarová, Monika; Zeman, Michal; Celec, Peter

2013-12-01

Our laboratory recently reported that a 3-month exposure of rats to cola-like beverages induced sex hormone changes. The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of various types of Coca-cola intake with different composition for 6 months on oxidative status in testes and testosterone in adult male rats. Fifty adult male Wistar rats were divided into control group drinking water, and groups drinking different Coca-cola beverages (regular Coca-cola, Coca-cola caffeine-free, Coca-cola Light and Coca-cola Zero). Oxidative and carbonyl stress markers were measured in the testicular tissue to assess oxidative status together with testicular and plasma testosterone. StAR expression in testes as a marker of steroidogenesis was quantified. No significant differences were found between the groups in any of the measured parameters. In conclusion, oxidative and carbonyl stress in testicular tissue were not influenced by drinking any type of Coca-cola. Additionally, testosterone in testes and in plasma, as well as testicular StAR expression were comparable among the groups. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Corporate Citizenship: Case study of Coca-Cola Beverages Hrvatska

OpenAIRE

Tafra-Vlahović, Majda

2010-01-01

The aim of this research was to investigate whether the corporate social responsibility (CSR) strategy implemented by Coca-Cola Beverages Croatia during the past four years has had a positive impact on the reputation of this company and on the overall business. The researcher intended to explore attitudes of Coca-Cola Beverages employees about CSR and the mentioned community relations model in order to evaluate whether the CSR policy of the company has had an impact on internal stakehol...

Corporate Brand Value Shifting from Identity to Innovation Capability: from Coca-Cola to Apple

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ray R. Gehani

2016-10-01

Full Text Available Corporate brand value, a key corporate asset, has traditionally relied on stakeholder interactions, heritage, and corporate identity. In dynamic fast clock-speed industries (information technology and consumer electronics, we note that brand values change dramatically within a few years based on their innovativeness. Using grounded theory approach and multi-case study method we examine how Apple, Samsung, Toyota, and Coca-Cola sustained their most valuable global brands while Kodak and General Motors eroded the same. Certain key dynamic innovative capabilities are identified as best practices. We conclude with implications for managers and future researchers, along with some limitations.

Influence of an acidic beverage (Coca-Cola) on the absorption of itraconazole.

Science.gov (United States)

Jaruratanasirikul, S; Kleepkaew, A

1997-01-01

To evaluate the effectiveness of Coca-Cola in enhancing the absorption of itraconazole. Eight healthy volunteers were randomized to receive two treatment sequences in a two-way crossover design with a 1-week wash-out period separating each study treatment. Treatment 1, the control, consisted of 100 mg itraconazole with 325 ml water. Treatment II was identical to treatment I, except that itraconazole was administered with 325 ml of Coca-Cola (pH 2.5). Serum itraconazole concentrations, after administration with Coca-Cola (treatment II), were higher than after administration with water (treatment I). The mean AUC was 1.12 vs 2.02 micrograms.h.m1-1, the mean Cmax was 0.14 vs 0.31 micrograms.m1-1 and the mean tmax was 2.56 vs 3.38 h in treatments I and II, respectively. The absorption of itraconazole can be enhanced by Coca-Cola.

Colonic obstruction secondary to sigmoid fecaloma endoscopically resolved with Coca-Cola®.

Science.gov (United States)

Ontanilla Clavijo, Guillermo; León Montañés, Rafael; Sánchez Torrijos, Yolanda; López Ruiz, Teófilo; Bozada García, Juan Manuel

2017-04-01

Colonic obstruction is a relatively common condition in emergency care, with a mortality rate of up to 20%. In 90% of cases it results from colonic or rectal adenocarcinoma, volvulus, or stenosis secondary to diverticular disease. When fecal impaction is the underlying cause, the condition is usually managed conservatively, but may on occasion become complicated and even require surgical intervention. Based on the proven efficacy of Coca-Cola® to dissolve gastric phytobezoars, we report a case of colonic obstruction secondary to sigmoid fecaloma. A 58 years old woman arrived at the Emergency Room (ER) with persistent constipation for the last six days. An abdominal CT scan showed a large fecal mass at the sigmoid colon with retrograde dilated colonic loops. Cleansing enemas and oral lactulose were administered, which failed to resolve the clinical presentation, so we then proceeded to inject Coca-Cola® within the fecaloma using a sclerosing needle, and then washed the fecaloma surface also with Coca-Cola®. After a few minutes we started to fragment the fecalith, the consistency of which had been notably decreased. The use of Coca-Cola® for gastric washes in the management of phytobezoars is well established. Since fecaliths are partly composed of these same substances than phytobezoars, the use of Coca-Cola® might well be warranted against them as in our patient, without surgery. Our case report is the second one published in the literature, in which Coca-Cola® helped solve colonic obstruction secondary to fecaloma.

Colonic obstruction secondary to sigmoid fecaloma endoscopically resolved with Coca-Cola®

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Guillermo Ontanilla-Clavijo

Full Text Available Background: Colonic obstruction is a relatively common condition in emergency care, with a mortality rate of up to 20%. In 90% of cases it results from colonic or rectal adenocarcinoma, volvulus, or stenosis secondary to diverticular disease. When fecal impaction is the underlying cause, the condition is usually managed conservatively, but may on occasion become complicated and even require surgical intervention. Based on the proven efficacy of Coca-Cola® to dissolve gastric phytobezoars, we report a case of colonic obstruction secondary to sigmoid fecaloma. Case report: A 58 years old woman arrived at the Emergency Room (ER with persistent constipation for the last six days. An abdominal CT scan showed a large fecal mass at the sigmoid colon with retrograde dilated colonic loops. Cleansing enemas and oral lactulose were administered, which failed to resolve the clinical presentation, so we then proceeded to inject Coca-Cola® within the fecaloma using a sclerosing needle, and then washed the fecaloma surface also with Coca-Cola®. After a few minutes we started to fragment the fecalith, the consistency of which had been notably decreased. Discussion: The use of Coca-Cola® for gastric washes in the management of phytobezoars is well established. Since fecaliths are partly composed of these same substances than phytobezoars, the use of Coca-Cola® might well be warranted against them as in our patient, without surgery. Our case report is the second one published in the literature, in which Coca-Cola® helped solve colonic obstruction secondary to fecaloma.

Pepsi and Coca Cola in Delhi, India: availability, price and sales.

Science.gov (United States)

Taylor, Fiona C; Satija, Ambika; Khurana, Swati; Singh, Gurpreet; Ebrahim, Shah

2011-04-01

India is experiencing increased consumption of sugar-sweetened carbonated drinks, consumption that may be associated with increased risk of type 2 diabetes and obesity. The aim of the study was to determine the availability, price and quantity sold of 'Pepsi' and 'Coca Cola' in their 'regular' and 'diet' forms in Delhi and London. A questionnaire about the availability, price and quantity sold per day of both regular and diet Pepsi and Coca Cola was devised and piloted. Using this, a survey of food and drink outlets within a 100 m radius of randomly selected Metro stations was conducted in both cities. Store vendors, owners and staff of food and drink outlets. Delhi, India; London, United Kingdom. In Delhi, of the outlets stocking regular Pepsi and Coca Cola, only 34% sold diet versions and these were more readily available in the most affluent areas than in the poorest areas (34% v. 6%, Z=3.67, PCoca Cola was observed in Delhi; however, profit margins were better for regular, relative to diet, Coca Cola. Sales of regular products were significantly greater than those of diet products (PCoca Cola in less affluent areas of Delhi is likely to exacerbate the obesity and diabetes trends. Price differentials to promote diet versions and other healthier or traditional low-energy drinks may be beneficial.

Selling Local Modernization through the Global Corporation: Coca-Cola Bottling in Colombia, 1927-1944

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Amanda Ciafone

2018-01-01

Full Text Available The Coca-Cola Company sold drink concentrates and licensed rights to its trademarked brands to contracted bottlers who produced and sold bottled drinks in designated geographic areas around the world, including Colombia, beginning in 1927. The franchise system enabled international expansion without large corporate growth or direct local employment allowing the company to externalize liability and financial risk. The franchise system helped the company situate the production of Coca-Cola within local economies, conscripting local elites and workers into its industry, and negotiating its representational forms to fit local contexts. The Coca-Cola Company thus benefited from the economic and political power of both the U.S. and the Colombian elite as it established its business in the country beginning in 1927. Examining print advertising from the 1920s and 1940s, the papers of Coca-Cola executives, and publications of the U.S. multinational and its Colombian franchise bottler, this article argues that The Coca-Cola Company tenuously constructed its industry, products, and brands as simultaneously global and local. While localizing the Coca-Cola industry, products, and brand, the company alluded to its modernity and global popularity, available for purchase by enterprising merchants and thirsty consumers in Colombia.

[Two cases of phytobezoars treated by adminsitration of Coca-Cola by oral route].

Science.gov (United States)

Lee, Hyun Jai; Kang, Hyoun Goo; Park, Se Young; Yi, Chea Yong; Na, Gyoung Jun; Lee, Tae Yeong; Kim, Sang Hyun; Song, Chul Soo

2006-12-01

Bezoars are concretions of foreign bodies found in the gastrointestinal tract. In the past, most common method for the treatment of bezoar was surgical management. However, the current treatment methods include chemical dissolution and endoscopic mechanical lithotripsy. There were few reports on the treatment of phytobezoars by nasogastric Cola lavage. However, there was no report succeeded by oral route alone. In our two cases, phytobezoars were treated by oral administration of Coca-Cola. Our patients drank 700-800 mL of Coca-Cola daily, and after two months, complete dissolutions of bezoars were achieved. We report two cases of phytobezoars completely treated by drinking Coca-Cola.

An Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy Analysis of Elemental Changes of a Persimmon Phytobezoar Dissolved in Coca-Cola.

Science.gov (United States)

Iwamuro, Masaya; Urata, Haruo; Higashi, Reiji; Nakagawa, Masahiro; Ishikawa, Shin; Shiraha, Hidenori; Okada, Hiroyuki

To investigate the mechanism of phytobezoar dissolution by Coca-Cola(®), persimmon phytobezoar pieces removed from a 60-year-old Japanese woman were analyzed by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The amount of calcium significantly decreased after dissolution treatment using Coca-Cola(®), suggesting a potential contribution of calcium to dissolution mechanisms. Moreover, immersion in Coca-Cola(®) for 120 hours on the exterior surface revealed that Coca-Cola(®) did not permeate persimmon phytobezoars. This is the first study to investigate the mechanisms of persimmon phytobezoar permeability and dissolution induced by Coca-Cola(®).

Influence of an acidic beverage (Coca-Cola) on the pharmacokinetics of phenytoin in healthy rabbits.

Science.gov (United States)

Kondal, A; Garg, S K

2003-12-01

This study was carried out to evaluate the influence of an acidic beverage (Coca-Cola) on the pharmacokinetics of phenytoin in rabbits. In a cross-over study, phenytoin was given orally at a dose of 30 mg/kg and blood samples were taken at different intervals from 0-24 h. After a washout period of 7 days, Coca-Cola (5 ml/kg) was administered in combination with phenytoin (30 mg/kg) and blood samples were taken at various time intervals from 0-24 h. The same rabbits continued to receive Coca-Cola (5 ml/kg) for another 7 days. On the 8th day, Coca-Cola (5 ml/kg) in combination with phenytoin (30 mg/kg) was administered and blood samples were taken at similar intervals. Plasma was separated and assayed for phenytoin by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and various pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated. It was concluded that an acidic beverage (Coca-Cola) increases the extent of absorption of phenytoin by significantly increasing the Cmax and AUC(o-á) of phenytoin. These results warrant the reduction of phenytoin dose when administered in combination with Coca-Cola to avoid any toxicity. (c) 2003 Prous Science

Drink! : En analys av The Coca-Cola Company's marknadsföringshistoria ur ett moderniseringsperspektiv

OpenAIRE

Hedblom, Karin; Forsgren, Oskar

2009-01-01

Drink! The Marketing History of The Coca-Cola Company: A Modernization Perspective examines the development of The Coca-Cola Company’s marketing history, from the founding of the company in 1886 until today. The Coca-Cola Company has been superior on the market for over a century. It has also developed along with the urbanisation of its society, which is interesting in a modernization perspective. The essay investigates the marketing strategies of the company, with focus on three themes: gend...

Studi Pendapat Konsumen Terhadap Brand Awareness Brand Equity Dan Brand Image Minuman Coca-cola Di Kota Makassar

OpenAIRE

Rezkiawaty, Sitti Utami

2011-01-01

The aims of the research are to find out (1) the implementation of the strategy of PT Coca-Cola bottling Indonesia southern Sulawesi in creating brand awareness, brand equity and brand image of coca-cola beverages in the city of Makassar, (2) the consumer opinion about coca-cola beverage product in the city of Makassar, (3) the factors that influence consumer ratings of brand awareness, brand equity, brand image coca-cola beverage products. The research was a descriptive quantitative study co...

Comunicación emocional: Coca-Cola

OpenAIRE

García Hernández, María

2015-01-01

Partiendo de la inteligencia emocional, de donde nace la comunicación emocional, llegamos a la influencia de esta en la publicidad, presente en una buena parte de las campañas publicitarias actuales. La autora se centra en el caso de Coca-Cola y sus campañas publicitarias

Coca-Cola's Many faces

OpenAIRE

Nicholson, Kasper

2014-01-01

This reports has been written with the purpose to answer how are the semiotic choices used in advertising on the official website of Coca-Cola, both in Japan and in the US, be argued to create a different meaningful whole to guide their respective target audiences, which share characteristics with ‘John’ and ‘Kyo’, to the preferred reading. Coming from different cultural backgrounds, particularly high vs low context cultures, ‘John’ and ‘Kyo’ create meaning from the collaboration of the signs...

Systematic review: Coca-Cola can effectively dissolve gastric phytobezoars as a first-line treatment.

Science.gov (United States)

Ladas, S D; Kamberoglou, D; Karamanolis, G; Vlachogiannakos, J; Zouboulis-Vafiadis, I

2013-01-01

Gastric phytobezoars represent the most common bezoars in patients with poor gastric motility. A variety of dissolution therapies and endoscopic fragmentation techniques have been evaluated as conservative treatment so as to avoid surgery. To investigate the effectiveness of Coca-Cola for gastric phytobezoars dissolution. We performed a systematic search to identify publications on gastric phytobezoars to assess the efficacy of Coca-Cola as a dissolution therapy. Diospyrobezoars, formed after persimmon ingestion, are a distinct type of phytobezoars characterized by their hard consistency. Thus, these two subgroups of bezoars were compared in terms of successful dissolution. Over a 10-year period (2002-2012), 24 papers including 46 patients have been published. In 91.3% of the cases, phytobezoar resolution with Coca-Cola administration was successful, either as a single treatment (50%) or combined with further endoscopic techniques, whereas only 4 patients underwent surgery. Phytobezoars were more likely to dissolve after initial attempt with Coca-Cola compared with diospyrobezoars (60.6% vs. 23%, P = 0.022). Coca-Cola alone is effective in gastric phytobezoar dissolution in half of the cases and, combined with additional endoscopic methods, is successful in more than 90% of them. © 2012 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.

Regional Monopoly and Interregional and Intraregional Competition: The Parallel Trade in Coca-Cola between Shanghai and Hangzhou in China

OpenAIRE

Yeung, Godfrey; Mok, Vincent

2006-01-01

This article uses a “principal-agent-subagent” analytical framework and data that were collected from field surveys in China to (1) investigate the nature and causes of the parallel trade in Coca-Cola between Shanghai and Hangzhou and (2) assess the geographic and theoretical implications for the regional monopolies that have been artificially created by Coca-Cola in China. The parallel trade in Coca-Cola is sustained by its intraregional rivalry with Pepsi-Cola in Shanghai, where Coca-Cola (...

Pepsi and Coca Cola in Delhi, India: availability, price and sales.

OpenAIRE

Taylor, FC; Satija, A; Khurana, S; Singh, G; Ebrahim, S

2010-01-01

: India is experiencing increased consumption of sugar-sweetened carbonated drinks, consumption that may be associated with increased risk of type 2 diabetes and obesity. The aim of the study was to determine the availability, price and quantity sold of 'Pepsi' and 'Coca Cola' in their 'regular' and 'diet' forms in Delhi and London. : A questionnaire about the availability, price and quantity sold per day of both regular and diet Pepsi and Coca Cola was devised and piloted. Using this, a surv...

A pausa que refresca... Tempo e espaço nas propagandas da Coca-Cola

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ana Lúcia Furquim de Campos

2004-01-01

Full Text Available

Com base nas reflexões de Mikhail Bakhtin (1988 sobre cronótopo e nos estudos dos semióticos, principalmente no que tange ao percurso passional do sujeito, analisamos propagandas impressas e comerciais televisivos da Coca-Cola. O objetivo principal é traçar a trajetória discursiva da Coca-Cola desde sua entrada no Brasil, em 1941, até a campanha Gostoso é viver, lançada em 2001. O discurso da Coca-Cola apresenta valores positivos como a alegria, emoção e prazer. Entretanto, são eliminados valores negativos e ocultados interditos, como: Coca-Cola é um produto norte-americano e industrializado, portanto, não é natural, engorda e vicia. Constrói-se, assim, um discurso que privilegia aspectos temáticos voltados para os estados passionais eufóricos (paixão, emoção, alegria. A Coca-Cola também reforça a idéia de que está presente em todo tempo e lugar. Assim, as categorias espaço-temporais são elementos importantes para a construção de sentido de suas propagandas. Reafirmando os mesmos valores e mantendo as categorias cronotópicas para a construção de sentido de suas propagandas, a Coca-Cola consolida a idéia de onipotência, ou seja, ela tem o "poder" de refrescar, trazer alegria, provovar emoção e satisfazer prazeres. Cria-se, assim, um estilo, isto é, uma identidade calcada em categorias divinas, tais como onipresença e onipotência.

Happing: Nativos digitales al servicio de la imagen corporativa de Coca-Cola

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Carmen Llorente Barroso

2012-04-01

Full Text Available Happing, la comunidad de la gente que se atreve a ser feliz, es la nueva propuesta de la compañía Coca-Cola para su promoción web en España; su éxito entre los nativos digitales pone de manifiesto el acierto de esta gran marca internacional, que ha sabido aprovechar la creatividad de los nativos digitales que participan en la comunidad, para dar brillo a una Imagen Corporativa Intencional de sobra solvente. Los nativos digitales que contribuyen a la creación del mágico mundo Coca-Cola, participan gustosos de la oportunidad expresiva que les brida la compañía, fascinados por la filosofía de vida que siempre ha sido bandera de la Imagen de marca de Coca-Cola, ahora alimentada y, en parte, creada por esos nativos digitales.

Por trás de uma tampinha de Coca-Cola um mundo de coisas boas!: propaganda no Brasil (1950-1960 = Behind a cover of Coca-Cola a world of good things!: propaganda in Brazil (1950-1960

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Bammann, Kellen

2014-01-01

Full Text Available O artigo tem como fonte de pesquisa os anúncios de Coca-Cola veiculados nas revistas brasileiras O Cruzeiro e Manchete entre 1950 e 1960. O ensaio procura demonstrar de que forma as campanhas publicitárias de Coca-Cola veiculadas nos dois magazines procuraram se adequar aos discursos de valorização da industrialização brasileira. Com o objetivo de evidenciar o auxílio da Coca-Cola no processo industrialização e desenvolvimento do Brasil

75 FR 61141 - In the Matter of The Coca-Cola Company; Analysis of Agreement Containing Consent Order to Aid...

Science.gov (United States)

2010-10-04

... FEDERAL TRADE COMMISSION [File No. 101 0107] In the Matter of The Coca-Cola Company; Analysis of... should be submitted by using the following weblink: ( https://ftcpublic.commentworks.com/ftc/coca-cola....com/ftc/coca-cola ). If this Notice appears at ( http://www.regulations.gov/search/index.jsp ), you...

The Rhetoric of the iconic discourse within the Coca-Cola brand

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Mărioara VLIONCU

2013-10-01

Full Text Available Cet article, tel que son nom de Rhétorique du discours iconique de la marque Coca-Cola l’annonce, a comme thème la structure de la rhétorique des publicités de la marque Coca-Cola. Ces dernières sont représentées, de manière conventionnelle, par deux annexes auxquelles se réfère cette analyse. Ce que ce débat, à caractère sémio-rhétorique, se propose en particulier, c’est de mettre en évidence les liens qui s’établissent entre l’énoncé iconique des réclames de la marque Coca-Cola et les éléments rhétoriques de celui-ci. Les deux composantes (iconique et rhétorique sont évaluées de la perspective d’un discours public, d’un message de nature promotionnelle qui caractérise le marché libre. Cette approche se propose de démontrer les particularités de la rhétorique iconique qui, par le phénomène de l’argumentation discursive, poursuit l’acceptation d’une idée en vertu de raisons pragmatiques ou d’intérêts actionnels. La présente analyse a comme but l’identification des composantes de l’iconicité rhétorique et de la spécificité de celle-ci. L’article trace en ce sens les contours d’une stratégie analytique peu commune ; son objectif consiste dans la présentation d’une liaison pouvant être faite entre l’image et les valeurs rhétoriquesde celle-ci. Le thème de l’analyse est basé sur une dimension théorique qui renvoie à la manière dont les publicités Coca-Cola donnent naissance à un discours qui peut être étudié à partir de catégories rhétoriques telles : ethos, mythos, pathos etc. La seconde partie de l’article représente une analyse de la narrativité iconique et met en évidence la caractéristique rhétorique des images de la marque soumise à l’étude. Cette recherche se veut une proposition d’ordre sémio-linguistique et rhétorique, une évaluation iconique des signes dans le cadre des publicités en général et des publicités de la marque Coca-Cola

Stimulatory effect of Coca-Cola on gastroduodenal HCO3- secretion in rats.

Science.gov (United States)

Sasaki, Y; Aihara, E; Ise, F; Kita, K; Takeuchi, K

2007-10-01

We examined the effect of various carbonated beverages, especially Coca-Cola, on the HCO3- secretion in the rat stomach and duodenum. Under urethane anaesthesia, a chambered stomach or a proximal duodenal loop was perfused with saline, and HCO3- secretion was measured at pH 7.0 using a pH-stat method and by adding 2 mM HCl. The amount of CO2 contained in these beverages was about 4-7 g/mL. Coca-Cola topically applied to the mucosa for 10 min significantly increased the HCO3- secretion in both the stomach and the duodenum. The HCO3- response in the duodenum was totally abolished by indomethacin and also partially inhibited by acetazolamide, an inhibitor of carbonic anhydrase. Likewise, the response in the stomach was also markedly inhibited by either acetazolamide or indomethacin. The mucosal application of Coca-Cola increased the PGE2 contents in both the stomach and the duodenum. Other carbonated beverages, such as sparkling water, Fanta Grape or cider, also increased the HCO3- secretion in these tissues. These results suggest that Coca-Cola induces HCO3- secretion in both the stomach and the duodenum, and these responses may be attributable to both the intracellular supply of HCO3- generated via carbonic anhydrase, and endogenous PGs, probably related to the acidic pH of the solution.

Acute intestinal obstruction caused by a persimmon phytobezoar after dissolution therapy with Coca-Cola.

Science.gov (United States)

Ha, Seung Soo; Lee, Hyun Suk; Jung, Min Kyu; Jeon, Seong Woo; Cho, Chang Min; Kim, Sung Kook; Choi, Yong Hwan

2007-12-01

Bezoars are concretions or hard masses of foreign matter that are found in the gastrointestinal tract. Recent reports have demonstrated the efficacy of Coca-Cola administration for the dissolution of phytobezors. Here we report on a 73-year-old man with a very large gastric persimmon diospyrobezoar, and this caused small intestinal obstruction after partial dissolution with oral and injected Coca-Cola.

Valued Youth Partnerships: Programs in Caring. Cross-Age Tutoring Dropout Prevention Strategies.

Science.gov (United States)

Intercultural Development Research Association, San Antonio, TX.

This booklet provides information about the Valued Youth Partnership (VYP) program for dropout prevention. Begun in 1984 with the support of the Coca-Cola Company and the collaboration of the Intercultural Development Research Association, the VYP program is being implemented in the Edgewood and South San Antonio school districts in San Antonio,…

Podnikatelské strategie pro čínský trh - příklad společnosti Coca-Cola, HBC

OpenAIRE

Kyselová, Karolina

2011-01-01

This thesis deals with the business strategy in the Chinese market, which is introduced a concrete example of the business strategy of Coca-Cola. According the breadth of the topic there is not included the overall business strategy of mentioned company, but corporate social responsibility, which is the third pillar of the strategy. The aim is to compare by values of social responsibility and setting the Coca-Cola's current situation on the Chinese market and local governments attitude to the...

Effects of an acidic beverage (Coca-Cola) on absorption of ketoconazole.

Science.gov (United States)

Chin, T W; Loeb, M; Fong, I W

1995-08-01

Absorption of ketoconazole is impaired in patients with achlorhydria. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of a palatable acidic beverage (Coca-Cola Classic, pH 2.5) in improving the absorption of ketoconazole in the presence of drug-induced achlorhydria. A prospective, randomized, three-way crossover design with a 1-week wash-out period between each treatment was employed. Nine healthy nonsmoking, nonobese volunteers between 22 and 41 years old were studied. Each subject was randomized to receive three treatments: (A) ketoconazole 200-mg tablet with water (control), (B) omeprazole (60 mg) followed by ketoconazole (200 mg) taken with water, and (C) omeprazole (60 mg) followed by ketoconazole (200 mg) taken with 240 ml of Coca-Cola Classic. The pH values of gastric aspirates were checked after omeprazole was administered to confirm attainment of a pH of > 6. Multiple serum samples were obtained for measurements of ketoconazole concentrations by high-pressure liquid chromatography. The mean area under the ketoconazole concentration-time curve from zero to infinity for the control treatment (17.9 +/- 13.1 mg.h/liter) was significantly greater than that for treatment B (3.5 +/- 5.1 mg.h/liter; 16.6% +/- 15.0% of control). The mean peak concentration was highest for the control treatment (4.1 +/- 1.9 micrograms/ml), for which the mean peak concentration showed a significant increase over that for treatment B. The absorption of ketoconazole was reduced in the presence of omeprazole-induced achlorhydria. However, drug absorption was significantly increased, to approximately 65% of the mean for the control treatment, when the drug was taken with an acidic beverage, such as Coca-Cola.

Selling Local Modernization through the Global Corporation: Coca-Cola Bottling in Colombia, 1927-1944

OpenAIRE

Amanda Ciafone

2018-01-01

The Coca-Cola Company sold drink concentrates and licensed rights to its trademarked brands to contracted bottlers who produced and sold bottled drinks in designated geographic areas around the world, including Colombia, beginning in 1927. The franchise system enabled international expansion without large corporate growth or direct local employment allowing the company to externalize liability and financial risk. The franchise system helped the company situate the production of Coca-Cola with...

Results of long-term carcinogenicity bioassays on Coca-Cola administered to Sprague-Dawley rats.

Science.gov (United States)

Belpoggi, Fiorella; Soffritti, Morando; Tibaldi, Eva; Falcioni, Laura; Bua, Luciano; Trabucco, Francesca

2006-09-01

Coca-Cola was invented in May 1886 in Atlanta, Georgia by a pharmacist who, by accident or design, mixed carbonated water with the syrup of sugar, phosphoric acid, caffeine, and other natural flavors to create what is known as "the world's favorite soft drink." Coca-Cola is currently sold in more than 200 countries and in early 2000, the company sold its 10 billionth unit case of Coca-Cola branded products. Given the worldwide consumption of Coca-Cola, a project of experimental bioassays to study its long-term effects when administered as substitute for drinking water on male and female Sprague-Dawley rats was planned and executed. The objective of the project was to study whether and how long-term consumption of Coca-Cola affects the basic tumorigram of test animals. The bioassays were performed on rats beginning at different ages, namely: (a) on males and females exposed since embryonic life or from 7 weeks of age; and (b) on males and females exposed from 30, 39, or 55 weeks of age. Overall, the project included 1999 rats. During the biophase, data were collected on fluid and feed consumption, body weight, and survival. Animals were kept under observation until spontaneous death and underwent complete necropsy. The results indicate: (a) an increase in body weight in all treated animals; (b) a statistically significant increase of the incidence in females, both breeders and offspring, bearing malignant mammary tumors; (c) a statistically significant increase in the incidence of exocrine ademonas of the pancreas in both male and female breeders and offspring; and (d) an increased incidence, albeit not statistically significant, of pancreatic islet cell carcinomas in females, a malignant tumor which occurs very rarely in our historical controls. On the basis of the results of this study, excessive consumption of regular soft-drinks should be generally discouraged, in particular for children and adolescents.

An Analysis of Yip's Global Strategy Model, Using Coca-Cola ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Analysis of the selected business cases suggest a weak fit between the Yip model of a truly Global strategy ... like Coca-Cola in the beverage industry for effective implementation of a global strategy. ... Keywords: Global Strategy, Leadership.

The Image and Politics of Coca-Cola: From the Early Years to the Present

OpenAIRE

Al-Othman, Dalia

2001-01-01

This paper examines the history of Coca-Cola from its early years to the present and discusses how the Company perpetuated the various images it sought for Coke through brilliant leadership, marketing, and the manipulation of events, and how it was able to develop and use its political connections to overcome government-created obstacles and cultural resistance to its products both within and without the United States. The paper will discuss the history of Coca-Cola’s inter...

Sangue e Coca-Cola: a carnavalização e a literatura pop de Roberto Drummond

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ernest Bowes

2018-04-01

Full Text Available Este estudo se propõe à reflexão sobre as obras de Roberto Drummond, mais especificamente Sangue de Coca-Cola - romance que integra o ciclo Coca-Cola do autor. A pesquisa se propõe a demonstrar que a arte pop não é estática e que se materializa através da interação com outras linguagens e com a cultura. Assim, o trânsito entre distintos campos discursivos como a Filosofia, Sociologia e a Teoria da Literatura apresentou-se, então, como a estratégia mais apropriada para discutir a questão.   Palavras-chave: Carnavalização, Literatura Pop, Sangue de Coca-Cola.

Analýza komunikačního mixu společnosti Coca Cola na českém trhu

OpenAIRE

Málková, Alena

2011-01-01

The subject of this diploma thesis is the communications mix of The Coca-Cola Company and it is focusing on the brand Coca-Cola on the Czech market. The aim is to analyze current communication mix of brand Coca-Cola, reveal fundamental aspects that influence the communication mix and propose specific changes to the mix. Introductory part acquaints readers with the various communication tools, their advantages and disadvantages, the optimal structure of the communication mix and other theoreti...

Belgian coca-cola-related outbreak: intoxication, mass sociogenic illness, or both?

Science.gov (United States)

Gallay, A; Van Loock, F; Demarest, S; Van der Heyden, J; Jans, B; Van Oyen, H

2002-01-15

An epidemic of health complaints occurred in five Belgian schools in June 1999. A qualitative investigation described the scenario. The role of soft drinks was assessed by using a case-control study. Cases were students complaining of headache, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea, or trembling. Controls were students present at school on the day of the outbreak but not taken ill. An analysis was performed separately for school A, where the outbreak started, and was pooled for schools B-E. In school A, the attack rate (13.2%) was higher than in schools B-E (3.6%, relative risk = 3.6, 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.5, 5.3). Exclusive consumption of regular Coca-Cola (school A: odds ratio (OR) = 29.7, 95% CI: 1.32, 663.6; schools B-E: OR = 7.3, 95% CI: 2.9, 18.0) and low mental health score (school A: OR = 16.1, 95% CI: 1.3, 201.9; schools B-E: OR = 3.1, 95% CI: 1.5, 6.6) were independently associated with the illness. In schools B-E, consumption of Fanta, consumption of Coca-Cola light, and female gender were also associated with the illness. It seems reasonable to attribute the first cases of illness in school A to regular Coca-Cola consumption. However, mass sociogenic illness could explain the majority of the other cases.

Pengaruh Implementasi CSR Yang Dilakukan Oleh PT. Coca-cola Bottling Indonesia Terhadap Pengembangan Masyarakat Medan

OpenAIRE

Lubis, Zulfizar Syahputra

2013-01-01

Formulation of the problem in this research is: Is CSR Implementation conducted by PT. Coca-Cola Bottling Indonesia Significant Impact on Community Development. The purpose of this research is to study and analyze how CSR Implementation conducted by PT. Coca-Cola Bottling Indonesia Significant Impact on Community Development. This study is associative, ie research that connects two or more variables to see the effect of these variables. The data used in this study is primary data and secon...

Science organisations and Coca-Cola's 'war' with the public health community: insights from an internal industry document.

Science.gov (United States)

Barlow, Pepita; Serôdio, Paulo; Ruskin, Gary; McKee, Martin; Stuckler, David

2018-03-14

Critics have long accused food and beverage companies of trying to exonerate their products from blame for obesity by funding organisations that highlight alternative causes. Yet, conclusions about the intentions of food and beverage companies in funding scientific organisations have been prevented by limited access to industry's internal documents. Here we allow the words of Coca-Cola employees to speak about how the corporation intended to advance its interests by funding the Global Energy Balance Network (GEBN). The documents reveal that Coca-Cola funded and supported the GEBN because it would serve as a 'weapon' to 'change the conversation' about obesity amidst a 'growing war between the public health community and private industry'. Despite its close links to the Coca-Cola company, the GEBN was to be portrayed as an 'honest broker' in this 'war'. The GEBN's message was to be promoted via an extensive advocacy campaign linking researchers, policy-makers, health professionals, journalists and the general public. Ultimately, these activities were intended to advance Coca-Cola's corporate interests: as they note, their purpose was to 'promote practices that are effective in terms of both policy and profit'. Coca-Cola's proposal for establishing the GEBN corroborates concerns about food and beverage corporations' involvement in scientific organisations and their similarities with Big Tobacco. © Article author(s) (or their employer(s) unless otherwise stated in the text of the article) 2018. All rights reserved. No commercial use is permitted unless otherwise expressly granted.

Coca-Cola ja Pepsi - vennad, nii et veri lendab / Argo Luude, Ave Peetri ; interv. Urmas Vahe

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Luude, Argo

2006-01-01

Endine PepsiCo Eesti divisjoni juht ning Suurbritannia Coca-Cola suurte kaubanduskettide turundusjuht ettevõtete vahelisest konkurentsist. Vt. samas: Mida on vaja teada Coca-Colast?; Mida on tarvis teada Pepsi-Colast?

Coca-Cola, caffeine, and mental deficiency: Harry Hollingworth and the Chattanooga trial of 1911.

Science.gov (United States)

Benjamin, L T; Rogers, A M; Rosenbaum, A

1991-01-01

Harry Hollingworth's 1911 investigation of the behavioral effects of caffeine is one of the earliest examples of psychological research contracted by a large corporation. The research was necessitated by a federal government suit against the Coca-Cola Company for marketing a beverage with a deleterious ingredient, namely, caffeine. Although Hollingworth's research played little role in the outcome of the Coca-Cola trials, it was important as a model of sophistication in experimental design. As such, it set a standard for psychopharmacological research. It also was particularly important in directing Hollingworth toward a life-long career in applied psychology.

Coca-Cola jõulukaravan tõi lastekodulastele palju rõõmu

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

2007-01-01

Vt. ka Linnaleht : Tartu 21. dets., lk. 13, Linnaleht : Pärnu 21. dets., lk. B5. Sel nädalal Eestis ringi sõitnud heategevuslik Coca-Cola jõulukaravan viis kingitusi 17 Tartu ja Tartumaa, Tallinna, Jõgevamaa ning Ida-Virumaa lastekodusse

The use of Coca-Cola in the management of bolus obstruction in benign oesophageal stricture.

Science.gov (United States)

Karanjia, N. D.; Rees, M.

1993-01-01

Oesophageal stricture is a complication of oesophageal reflux and may itself be complicated by bolus obstruction. We reviewed the records of patients presenting with dysphagia and who were found to have benign oesophageal strictures. We studied the outcome of bolus obstruction in 13 episodes affecting eight patients. In six episodes Coca-Cola was administered on the day before endoscopy, and in all these patients the bolus had cleared. In seven episodes nothing was administered before endoscopy, and in all seven a bolus was evident at endoscopy. In five of these seven the bolus was removed piecemeal and in each of these instances the endoscope had to be passed between two and five times. In the remaining two instances the procedure was abandoned and the patients returned to the ward for the administration of Coca-Cola. At subsequent endoscopy these patients were found to be clear of any bolus. These results suggest that the administration of Coca-Cola (or other aerated drinks) may clear a bolus in the acutely obstructed oesophagus. PMID:8476194

The brand images of Coca-Cola and Pepsi and buying motives of cola consumers: a consumer research study

OpenAIRE

Yılmaz, Emre

1997-01-01

Ankara : The Department of Management and Graduate School of Business Administration of Bilkent University, 1997. Thesis (Master's) -- Bilkent University, 1997. Includes bibliographical references leaves 54-55 Cola is one of the heavily consumed products all over the world by almost every individual. Today there are two main competitors in the world to convince consumers to consume their brand; Coca-Cola and Pepsi. Both companies give a big importance to understand their con...

Prenatal dietary load of Maillard reaction products combined with postnatal Coca-Cola drinking affects metabolic status of female Wistar rats.

Science.gov (United States)

Gurecká, Radana; Koborová, Ivana; Janšáková, Katarína; Tábi, Tamás; Szökő, Éva; Somoza, Veronika; Šebeková, Katarína; Celec, Peter

2015-04-01

To assess the impact of prenatal exposure to Maillard reaction products (MRPs) -rich diet and postnatal Coca-Cola consumption on metabolic status of female rats. Diet rich in MRPs and consumption of saccharose/fructose sweetened soft drinks is presumed to impose increased risk of development of cardiometabolic afflictions, such as obesity or insulin resistance. At the first day of pregnancy, 9 female Wistar rats were randomized into two groups, pair-fed either with standard rat chow (MRP-) or MRPs-rich diet (MRP+). Offspring from each group of mothers was divided into two groups and given either water (Cola-) or Coca-Cola (Cola+) for drinking ad libitum for 18 days. Oral glucose tolerance test was performed, and circulating markers of inflammation, oxidative stress, glucose and lipid metabolism were assessed. MRP+ groups had higher weight gain, significantly so in the MRP+/Cola- vs MRP-/Cola-. Both prenatal and postnatal intervention increased carboxymethyllysine levels and semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase activity, both significantly higher in MRP+/Cola + than in MRP-/Cola-. Total antioxidant capacity was lower in MRP+ groups, with significant decrease in MRP+/Cola + vs MRP-/Cola+. Rats drinking Coca-Cola had higher insulin, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance, heart rate, advanced oxidation of protein products, triacylglycerols, and oxidative stress markers measured as thiobarbituric acid reactive substances compared to rats drinking water, with no visible effect of MRPs-rich diet. Metabolic status of rats was affected both by prenatal and postnatal dietary intervention. Our results suggest that combined effect of prenatal MRPs load and postnatal Coca-Cola drinking may play a role in development of metabolic disorders in later life.

Huge gastric diospyrobezoars successfully treated by oral intake and endoscopic injection of Coca-Cola.

Science.gov (United States)

Chung, Y W; Han, D S; Park, Y K; Son, B K; Paik, C H; Jeon, Y C; Sohn, J H

2006-07-01

A diospyrobezoar is a type of phytobezoar that is considered to be harder than any other types of phytobezoars. Here, we describe a new treatment modality, which effectively and easily disrupted huge gastric diospyrobezoars. A 41-year-old man with a history of diabetes mellitus was admitted with lower abdominal pain and vomiting. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy revealed three huge, round diospyrobezoars in the stomach. He was made to drink two cans of Coca-Cola every 6 h. At endoscopy the next day, the bezoars were partially dissolved and turned to be softened. We performed direct endoscopic injection of Coca-Cola into each bezoar. At repeated endoscopy the next day, the bezoars were completely dissolved.

THE MEDDLING OF THE LANGUAGE FUNCTIONS WHIT THE LEXICAL FIELDS OF THE COCA-COLA BRAND SLOGANS

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Mărioara VLIONCU

2013-10-01

Full Text Available Le but de cet etude a été celui de presenter quelques aspects qui visent la liaison qui peut se faire entre les fonctions de la langue telles comme ells sont théorisées par le linguiste Roman Kakobson et les champs lexicaux des slogans de la marquee « Coca-Cola » qui peut être circonscrite à une structure théorique qui appartient à l’acte communicationnel. Les champs lexicaux d’un objet notionnel, respectivement le boisson gazéifié « Coca-Cola », et une structure théorique spécifique à un acte communicationnel base sur le langage. Pour chaque des fonctions du language, telles comme elles ont été théorisées par le linguiste Roman Jakobson, ont été trouvées des correspondances des champs lexicaux, appartenant aux slogans de la marque « Coca-Cola » . Ces champs lexicaux ont été considérablement étendus par des exemples prépondérente de la sphère verbale.

Performance Analysis Comparison Of Coca Cola And Pepsi

OpenAIRE

The, Glenny Marselia; Saerang, David Paul Elia; Tumewu, Ferdinand

2014-01-01

All companies fight to get as many consumers as they can and it makes, product, price, place and promotion become important factors to make a company has a successful marketing campaign. The companies spend much money for create an attractive product at an affordable price, a place that can be reached, and the promotion that can be well-received by the public. So, regarding that fact, the researcher writes a study about the performance analysis comparison of Coca Cola and Pepsi in Manado b...

Selling Local Modernization through the Global Corporation: Coca-Cola Bottling in Colombia, 1927-1944

OpenAIRE

Ciafone, Amanda

2018-01-01

Abstract The Coca-Cola Company sold drink concentrates and licensed rights to its trade-marked brands to contracted bottlers who produced and sold bottled drinks in designated geographic areas around the world, including Colombia, beginning in 1927. The franchise system enabled international expansion without large corporate growth or direct local employment allowing the company to externalize liability and financial risk. The franchise system helped the company situate the production of Coca...

The effect of Coca-Cola and fruit juices on the surface hardness of glass-ionomers and 'compomers'.

Science.gov (United States)

Aliping-McKenzie, M; Linden, R W A; Nicholson, J W

2004-11-01

The interaction of tooth-coloured dental restorative materials (a conventional glass-ionomer, two resin-modified glass-ionomers and two compomers) with acidic beverages has been studied with the aim of investigating how long-term contact affects solution pH and specimen surface hardness. For each material (ChemFil Superior, ChemFlex, Vitremer Core Build-Up/Restorative, Fuji II LC, Dyract AP and F2000) disc-shaped specimens were prepared and stored in sets of six in the following storage media: 0.9% NaCl (control), Coca-Cola, apple juice and orange juice. After time intervals of 1 day, 1 week, 1 month, 3 months, 4 months, 6 months and 1 year, solution pH and Vickers Hardness Number were determined for each individual specimen. Differences were analysed by anova followed by Student-Newman-Keuls post hoc analysis. All materials were found to reduce the pH of the 0.9% NaCl, but to increase the pH of the acidic beverages. The conventional glass-ionomers dissolved completely in apple juice and orange juice, but survived in Coca-Cola, albeit with a significantly reduced hardness after 1 year. The other materials survived in apple juice and orange juice, but showed greater reductions in surface hardness in these beverages than in Coca-Cola. Fruit juices were thus shown to pose a greater erosive threat to tooth coloured materials than Coca-Cola, a finding which is similar to those concerning dentine and enamel towards these drinks.

The Comparative Analysis of Packaging Design Element to Purchasing Decision Between Coca Cola and Big Cola in Manado

OpenAIRE

Gessal, Putri

2013-01-01

Packaging can play a very interesting role in the success or failure of a product. Its success depends a lot on how it is designed by its creators. Packaging function to protect the contents of a product lies within the package design. It has the power to influence your choices, and with its carefully thought-out aesthetics can affect your emotions. This aim of the study comparative analysis of packaging design element to purchase decision between Coca Cola and Big Cola with packaging element...

Sangue e Coca-Cola: a carnavalização e a literatura pop de Roberto Drummond

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ernest Bowes

2015-08-01

Full Text Available Este estudo se propõe à reflexão sobre as obras de Roberto Drummond, mais especificamente Sangue de Coca-Cola – romance que integra o ciclo Coca-Cola do autor. A pesquisa se propõe a demonstrar que a arte pop não é estática e que se materializa através da interação com outras linguagens e com a cultura. Assim, o trânsito entre distintos campos discursivos como a Filosofia, Sociologia e a Teoria da Literatura apresentou-se, então, como a estratégia mais apropriada para discutir a questão.

Gastric phytobezoars may be treated by nasogastric Coca-Cola lavage.

Science.gov (United States)

Ladas, Spiros D; Triantafyllou, Konstantinos; Tzathas, Charalabos; Tassios, Pericles; Rokkas, Theodore; Raptis, Sotirios A

2002-07-01

Large gastric phytobezoars may occur in patients with gastric dysmotility disorders. Treatment options include dissolution with enzymes, endoscopic fragmentation with removal or aspiration, and surgery. We report our experience with nasogastric cola lavage therapy. Over an 8-year period, five consecutive patients were referred to our unit for endoscopic treatment of large gastric phytobezoars. They included one patient with lobectomy for lung cancer and four patients with diabetic gastroparesis. An initial attempt of endoscopic fragmentation and removal was unsuccessful. Patients were treated with 3 l of Coca-Cola nasogastric lavage over 12 h. Nasogastric lavage was very well tolerated by the patients. Complete phytobezoar dissolution was achieved in one session in all cases. There were no procedure-related complications. The dissolution of large gastric phytobezoars with cola nasogastric lavage is a safe, rapid and effective method. Patients may be treated in the medical ward, avoiding therapeutic endoscopy or surgery.

The Dimension Of The Socio-Cultural Brand Of Coca-Cola

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Florentina Manuela Dumitrescu

2016-12-01

Full Text Available Today, advertising is undoubtedly one of the most fascinating social phenomena, a fundamental factor influencing individuals, attitudes or lifestyles. It is an important element of contemporary culture, deeply anchored in our cultural heritage. In this framework encompasses our article, aiming to demonstrate influential aspects of the Coca-Cola advertising slogan as an instrument of culture and ideology, in a few words, a merciless mirror of our society.

Supply Chain Maturity Assessment of Coca Cola Ghana Ltd

OpenAIRE

Tetteh, Quaye

2015-01-01

This study aims to assess the supply chain process management of Coca Cola Ghana Ltd; this research is of importance due to its potential to point out processes that can yield higher performance of the supply chain and those processes that can be enhanced for higher per-formance levels. The sample for this study was selected using purposive sampling; five supply chain man-agement practitioners in the company were used for the data extraction. Questionnaires were sent to these five respond...

Oesophageal and gastric potential difference and pH in healthy volunteers following intake of coca-cola, red wine, and alcohol.

Science.gov (United States)

Rubinstein, E; Hauge, C; Sommer, P; Mortensen, T

1993-01-01

Alcohol causes gastroesophageal reflux and mucosal damage in the oesophagus and the stomach. The transmucosal electrical potential difference gives information on gastric mucosal integrity and function, while the validity of oesophageal measurements have been discussed. Baseline oesophageal potential difference measurements were performed three times with an interval of at least one week. We found oesophageal potential difference measurements reliable with an acceptable reproducibility. Oesophageal and gastric potential difference and pH were measured by use of a new microelectrode principle in 10 healthy volunteers following intake of coca-cola, wine and alcohol. Oesophageal and gastric potential difference decreased after intake of 250 ml coca-cola, 250 ml 11 vol% red wine and 60 ml 43 vol% whisky. Gastric potential difference decreased after intake of 250 ml ethanol 11 vol% and 60 ml ethanol 43 vol%. Intake of red wine and whisky resulted in a significant greater gastric potential difference decrease compared to similar concentrations and volumes of ethanol. The time until the potential difference had regained baseline level was longer after intake of red wine compared to coca-cola, whisky and ethanol. Oesophageal pH decreased after intake of coca-cola and red wine, but was unchanged after whisky. Gastric pH was unchanged after intake of all the drinks. In conclusion, the gastric potential difference reduction was not correlated to alcohol concentration. Red wine seems to affect the gastric potential difference more than coca-cola, whisky and ethanol. The observed changes in oesophageal and gastric potential difference might be due to changes in Cl- secretion and/or due to a damaging effect of the additives of the beverages.

Projekt managementu a marketingu sportovní akce na příkladu Coca-cola školského poháru na léta 2009-2011

OpenAIRE

Jeřábek, Petr

2008-01-01

- Title: Project of management and marketing of event Coca-cola School Cup in time period 2009-2011 Work goal: Methods: Annotation: Results: Keywords: Analysis ofmarketing and management of event Coca-cola School Cup and advices of innovation for this event. Descriptive analysis, Interview with experts, SWOT analysis. The project Coca-Cola School Cup for the years 2009- 2011 involves innovation approaches in particular manager activities of this sport event. The innovation approaches result f...

Promotion demand forecast: A Case Study of Coca Cola Enterprise

OpenAIRE

Lai, Hoi-Yin Cecilia

2007-01-01

In this highly competitive business environment, forecasting becomes one of the hot topics. Every business organization uses forecasts for decision marking. Forecasting can help companies to determine the market strategy. It also helps in production planning and resources allocation. A good forecast can help the management team to make the best decision. Nowadays, it is important to develop a collaborative partnership within the supply chain. Coca Cola Enterprise (CCE) is working with its cus...

ZUNANJE OGLAŠEVANJ NA PRIMERU BLAGOVNE ZNAMKE COCA-COLA

OpenAIRE

Justinek, Vanesa

2016-01-01

V diplomskem seminarju z naslovom Zunanje oglaševanje na primeru blagovne znamke Coca Cola govorim predvsem o oglasih, ki so izven zaprtih prostorov. Zunanje oglaševanje je oblika tržnega komuniciranja ter plačana oblika oglaševanja, poteka preko sredstev javnega obveščanja. V to obliko oglaševanja sodijo: Veleplakati (jumbo plakati), mali panoji (city panoji), digitalni panoji, polepitve na prevoznih sredstvih, oglasni stebri, transparenti nad voziščem, obešanke, oglasni stolpi. V prvem t...

[Influence of Coca-Cola on early erosion and surface microhardness of human enamel: an in situ study].

Science.gov (United States)

Yuan, M; Zhang, Q; Gao, X J

2016-06-01

Assessed the effect of single dose attack of Coca-Cola on early erosion and surface microhardness of permanent human enamel, in order to provide diet instructions on minimum amount and frequency of carbonated beverage consumption. Eighty enamel slabs were prepared out of 10 extracted human mandibular third molars, and distributed into 8 groups with randomized block design(n=10). Ten generally healthy volunteers with normal saliva secretion wore acrylic palatal appliances containing 2 enamel slabs, with formation of a salivary pellicle 2 h ahead. The volunteers were instructed to drink 100 ml fresh Coca-Cola within 20 s. And then the alterations of the enamel slabs were measured using a Vicker's microhardness tester at 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 20 and 30 min after the consumption of Coca-Cola. For each volunteer, the experiment was carried out in four days, 2 samples were examined each time. Data were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis and Wilcoxon tests(α =0.05). Significant decreases in surface microhardness(SMH)were observed in each time point(PCoca-Cola could lead to significant decrease of enamel microhardness and initiate erosion of enamel surface. Enamel surface microhardness decreased to the lowest points at 2-8 min, and began to recover after 10 min. The enamel surface microhardness could not fully recovered to the baseline level in 30 min if no intervention was performed.

Developing Industry-Sponsored Entrepreneurship Education Programmes. The Experiences of the Coca-Cola National Enterprise Award.

Science.gov (United States)

Henry, Colette; Titterington, Albert; Wiseman, Kate

1998-01-01

A partnership among Dundalk Institute of Technology (Ireland), Coca Cola, and government encourages young entrepreneurs through formal education in business management, workshops, mentoring, and financial rewards provided by the corporation's National Enterprise Award. (SK)

Comunicació de crisi en conflictes laborals : la comunicació durant l’ERO de Coca-Cola Iberian Partners

OpenAIRE

Garcés González, Miriam

2016-01-01

Un conflicte laboral com un ERO pot derivar en una veritable crisi per a una empresa. En aquest context, la comunicació pren un paper rellevant en l'organització, emmarcada en la comunicació de crisi. Un cas recent és la crisi soferta per l'ERO de Coca-Cola Iberian Partners, embotelladora per a la marca Coca-Cola a territori espanyol. Aquesta investigació se centra en la comunicació que es va produir durant aquest conflicte laboral, a través d'una anàlisi de contingut de notícies sobre l'ERO ...

Klaaspudelist loobumine vähendab Coca-Cola brändi eeliseid / Eda-Liis Kann

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Kann, Eda-Liis, 1979-

2005-01-01

BRAND sense uuringu kohaselt, milles uuriti pakendi mõju brändilojaalusele, eelistab enam kui 60% Ameerika ja Suurbritannia tarbijaist juua kokakoolat klaaspudelist. Majanduslikel põhjustel on Coca-Cola Company aga viimased kümme aastat tegelenud klaaspudelite poelettidelt ära korjamisega. Diagramm

Analisis Perbandingan Pendanaan Leasing Dan Hutang Jangka Panjang Dalam Pengadaan Aktiva Tetap (Studi Pada Koperasi Karyawan Coca-cola Jawa Timur)

OpenAIRE

Marchelia, Yusina Fitri

2014-01-01

This research aims to know the more efficient and profiting funding between leasing funding compared to long term debt in procurement of fixed assets on cooperative employees of Coca Cola East Java. The type of research used in this research is a descriptive research. While, the approach used in this research is financial quantitative approach.The cooperative employees of Coca Cola East Java have plans for procurement of fixed assets in form of vehicles worth Rp. 568.850.000 that will be fund...

Successful treatment with a combination of endoscopic injection and irrigation with coca cola for gastric bezoar-induced gastric outlet obstruction.

Science.gov (United States)

Lin, Chen-Sheng; Tung, Chun-Fang; Peng, Yen-Chun; Chow, Wei-Keung; Chang, Chi-Sen; Hu, Wei-Hsiung

2008-01-01

We report a case of gastric bezoar-induced gastric outlet obstruction that was successfully treated with a combination of endoscopic injection and irrigation with Coca Cola. A 73-year-old diabetic woman had a history of perforated peptic ulcer and had received pyloroplasty more than 20 years previously. She had been ingesting Pho Pu Zi (Cordia dichotoma Forst. f.) as an appetizer for 1 month. She presented with epigastric pain, nausea, and vomiting. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, performed at a local hospital, showed 2 gastric bezoars in the stomach, and 1 of them impacted at the pylorus. She was referred to our emergency department for removal of the gastric bezoars that were suspected to be causing gastric outlet obstruction. All attempts at endoscopic removal using a polypectomy snare, biopsy forceps and Dormia basket failed. We then injected Coca Cola directly into the bezoar mass, followed by irrigation with Coca Cola. Follow-up endoscopy was performed the next day, which revealed that the gastric bezoars had dissolved spontaneously.

Marit Kroon: just for fun pole mõtet Coca-Colas töötada / Marit Kroon ; intervjueerinud Taivo Paju

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Kroon, Marit

2010-01-01

Coca-Cola Eesti esinduses kogu Baltikumi turunduse eest vastutav Marit Kroon vastab küsimustele, mis puudutavad Coca-Colasse tööle saamist, esimesi tööülesandeid, töötamist ülemustest eemal, enese motiveerimist, enesekehtestamist ning valmisolekut kodust eemal töötamiseks

Stilistiskie izteiksmes līdzekļi Coca-Cola reklāmas plakātos

OpenAIRE

Gudre, Anete

2017-01-01

Šajā darbā tika pētīti mākslinieciskie un fonētiskie stila izteiksmes līdzekļi un to lietojums Coca-Cola reklāmas plakātos. Kā arī tika analizēti Coca-Cola reklāmas plakātu vizuālie elementi. Tēma tika izvēlēta, lai redzētu atšķirību starp mākslinieciskās izteiksmes līdzekļiem un, lai redzētu, cik bieži tie tiek izmantoti izvēlētajos reklāmas plakātos. Darbā tika aplūkoti vispopulārākie mākslinieciskās izteiksmes līdzekļi – metafora, epitets, personifikācija un hiperbola. Multimediju analīze ...

Coca-Cola, cancers, and coronaries: personality and stress as mediating factors.

Science.gov (United States)

Grossarth-Maticek, R; Eysenck, H J

1991-06-01

A theory is presented relating the consumption of stimulant and depressant drugs to cancer and coronary heart disease, with stress/personality acting as an intermediary. The predictions from the theory that large-scale consumption of Coca-Cola would prevent cancer and promote coronary heart disease was tested and found to be supported by the results of a long-scale prospective study. Results replicate those from an earlier study using coffee as a stimulant drug.

Bezoar in a Pediatric Oncology Patient Treated with Coca-Cola.

Science.gov (United States)

Naramore, Sara; Virojanapa, Amy; Bell, Moshe; Jhaveri, Punit N

2015-01-01

A bezoar is a mass of indigestible material. Bezoars can present with a gradual onset of non-specific gastrointestinal symptoms including abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting. However, bezoars can result in more serious conditions such as intestinal bleeding or obstruction. Without quick recognition, particularly in susceptible individuals, the diagnosis and treatment can be delayed. Currently resolution is achieved with enzymatic dissolution, endoscopic fragmentation or surgery. We describe, to our knowledge, the first pediatric patient with lymphoma to have had a bezoar treated with Coca-Cola.

ANALISIS TOTAL PRODUCTIVE MAINTENANCE PADA LINE 8/CARBONATED SOFT DRINK PT COCA-COLA BOTTLING INDONESIA CENTRAL JAVA

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Darminto Pujotomo

2012-02-01

Full Text Available PT. Coca-Cola Bottling Indonesia (CCBI Central Java merupakan salah satu perusahaan produsen minuman ringan yang terkemuka di Indonesia, dengan dua jenis kelompok produk yang dihasilkan yaitu minuman karbonasi/Carbonated Soft Drink (Coca-Cola, Sprite, dan Fanta dan non-karbonasi (Frestea dan Ades. Dalam usaha untuk mempertahankan mutu dan meningkatkan produktifitas, salah satu faktor yang harus diperhatikan adalah masalah perawatan fasilitas/mesin produksi.  Makalah ini membahas mengenai penyebab dan akibat yang ditimbulkan oleh breakdown mesin terjadi pada Line 8/Carbonated Soft Drink, khususnya pada conveyor, filler machine, dan bottle washer machine. Untuk mendapatkan mesin yang dapat terjaga keterandalannya dibutuhkan suatu konsep yang baik. Total Productive Maintenance (TPM merupakan sebuah konsep yang baik untuk merealisasikan hal tersebut. Konsep ini, selain melibatkan semua personil dalam perusahaan, juga bertujuan untuk merawat semua fasilitas produksi yang dimiliki perusahaan.Data yang digunakan merupakan data breakdown conveyor, filler machine, dan bottle washer machine dari ME Monthly Report PT.CCBI selama bulan Januari-Desember 2005 khususnya line 8. Selain itu makalah ini juga membahas performance maintenance PT. Coca-Cola Bottling Indonesia-Central Java, dengan memperhitungkan nilai Mean Time Beetwen Failure (MTBF, Mean Time To Repair (MTTR, serta Availability mesin, dengan menggunakan data record Line 8 selama bulan Mei 2006 sampai bulan Juli 2006. Sehingga nantinya akan diketahui informasi keadaan aktual dari perusahaan tentang sistem perawatannya, khususnya pada Line 8/Carbonated Soft Drink apakah baik atau buruk. Kata kunci : Total Production Maintenance, Conveyor, Filler Machine, Bottle Washer Machine, Performance Maintenance   PT. Coca-Cola Bottling Indonesia (CCBI-Central Java represent one of notable light beverage producer company in Indonesia, with two product group type yielded is carbonated beverage/Carbonated Soft

Enamel softening with Coca-Cola and rehardening with milk or saliva.

Science.gov (United States)

Gedalia, I; Dakuar, A; Shapira, L; Lewinstein, I; Goultschin, J; Rahamim, E

1991-06-01

Rehardening effects by cow's milk and by secreted saliva were investigated, in situ, following softening of human enamel with an acidic beverage (Coca-Cola). Volunteers wearing orthodontic removable appliances participated in the study. The intra-oral test was chosen for measuring microhardness of enamel slabs inserted into the dental appliance. The softening and the rehardening degrees were defined as the alterations between initial- and experimental-microhardness value at the enamel surface. In addition, SEM photos were prepared from the initial and experimental stages. Exposure of enamel slabs to the acidic beverage during 1 hour had a softening effect as expressed by the hardness decrease and visualized by the SEM photo. Rehardening effects following milk or saliva exposures respectively were evident, presumably due to deposited organic and mineral material on the enamel surface.

La contabilidad ambiental y el impacto financiero de los costos ambientales para el desarrollo sostenible de la empresa multinacional de la industria de bebidas Coca Cola Company en el Ecuador

OpenAIRE

Castro Saavedra, Diego Gabriel; Ehmig Dillon, Gunther Pablo

2014-01-01

The present study aims to analyse the environmental accounting and the financial impact of the environmental costs for sustainable development of a multinational corporation within the beverage company such as Coca Cola Company in Ecuador. Since 2010, Coca Cola Company in Ecuador performs business operations under the name of Arca Ecuador, which is a part of the Mexican group Arca Continental that manages Coca Cola Brand in Mexico, Argentina and Ecuador. Sustainable development is part of the...

Pengaruh Kesehatan Dan Keselamatan Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan Pada PT.Coca-Cola Amatil Indonesia (CCAI) Unit Medan Dengan Motivasi Sebagai Variabel Intervening

OpenAIRE

Harahap, Debbyanzah Fahmi

2016-01-01

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the Health and Safety of the employee's performance at Coca-Cola Amatil Indonesia (CCAI) at Medan. The analytical method used is descriptive analysis and path analysis. The study population consisted of 174 employees at Coca-Cola Amatil Indonesia (CCAI) at Medan. The sample in this study using simple random sampling, totaling 64 employees. collection of primary data using questionnaires and secondary data collection using case studie...

Successful Treatment with a Combination of Endoscopic Injection and Irrigation with Coca Cola for Gastric Bezoar-induced Gastric Outlet Obstruction

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Chen-Sheng Lin

2008-01-01

Full Text Available We report a case of gastric bezoar-induced gastric outlet obstruction that was successfully treated with a combination of endoscopic injection and irrigation with Coca Cola. A 73-year-old diabetic woman had a history of perforated peptic ulcer and had received pyloroplasty more than 20 years previously. She had been ingesting Pho Pu Zi (Cordia dichotoma Forst. f. as an appetizer for 1 month. She presented with epigastric pain, nausea, and vomiting. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, performed at a local hospital, showed 2 gastric bezoars in the stomach, and 1 of them impacted at the pylorus. She was referred to our emergency department for removal of the gastric bezoars that were suspected to be causing gastric outlet obstruction. All attempts at endoscopic removal using a polypectomy snare, biopsy forceps and Dormia basket failed. We then injected Coca Cola directly into the bezoar mass, followed by irrigation with Coca Cola. Follow-up endoscopy was performed the next day, which revealed that the gastric bezoars had dissolved spontaneously.

Bezoar in a Pediatric Oncology Patient Treated with Coca-Cola

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Sara Naramore

2015-07-01

Full Text Available A bezoar is a mass of indigestible material. Bezoars can present with a gradual onset of non-specific gastrointestinal symptoms including abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting. However, bezoars can result in more serious conditions such as intestinal bleeding or obstruction. Without quick recognition, particularly in susceptible individuals, the diagnosis and treatment can be delayed. Currently resolution is achieved with enzymatic dissolution, endoscopic fragmentation or surgery. We describe, to our knowledge, the first pediatric patient with lymphoma to have had a bezoar treated with Coca-Cola.

Komunikační strategie nové plastové láhve společnosti Coca-Cola.

OpenAIRE

Němcová, Klára

2009-01-01

The thesis relates to theorethical principles of marketing and commercial communications. The application part of the thesis relates to a concept of communication strategy of The Coca-Cola Company's new plastic bottle

Condoms and Coca-Cola.

Science.gov (United States)

Townsend, S

1992-01-01

Social marketing entails promoting the appropriate and quality product to be sold in the right places at the right price. Even though mass media advertisement of condoms is forbid in Zaire, condoms have been effectively promoted and sold in the country using alternate approaches. 8 million units of the condom, Prudence, were sold in 1990, and Prudence has become the generic name for condoms in the Zaire. Noting that Coca-Cola, beer, and cigarettes may be purchased virtually ubiquitously, commercial outlets and local traders were enlisted to sell condoms at reduced prices on the market. Reduced price sales are possible since donor and government agencies provide the condoms to wholesalers and merchants free of charge. The successful social marketing of condoms expands condom availability to a greater segment of a country's population while recovering some public sector costs and shifting health care away from the public sector. Condoms are especially promoted to high risk groups such as commercial sex workers and their clients in Zaire. Similar programs have been inspired in 10 African countries including Cameroon and Burundi, as well as in Brazil, Haiti, and India. Prevention programs in Latin America and Asia will benefit from these program experiences in Africa. In closing, the article notes the need for an adequate and predictable commodity supply in attaining effective social marketing. Marked program success may, however, lead to sustainability problems.

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT – AN IMPERATIVE OF INDUSTRIAL COMPANIES. CASE STUDY: COCA-COLA HBC ROMANIA

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Catalin POPESCU

2015-06-01

Full Text Available The paper begins with a summary of the concept, emphasizing that sustainable development is a strongly supported policy around the world. The case study examines specific aspects of sustainable development in Coca-Cola HBC Romania. Finally it presents the main obstacles and opportunities identified for adoption by Romanian companies in their business of sustainable competitiveness strategies.

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT – AN IMPERATIVE OF INDUSTRIAL COMPANIES. CASE STUDY: COCA-COLA HBC ROMANIA

OpenAIRE

Catalin POPESCU; Mihaela OTELEA

2015-01-01

The paper begins with a summary of the concept, emphasizing that sustainable development is a strongly supported policy around the world. The case study examines specific aspects of sustainable development in Coca-Cola HBC Romania. Finally it presents the main obstacles and opportunities identified for adoption by Romanian companies in their business of sustainable competitiveness strategies.

A influência da marca Coca Cola na atratividade e manutenção dos funcionários em uma afiliada no Rio Grande Do Sul

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Christine da Silva Schröeder

2014-05-01

Full Text Available O estudo analisou a influência da marca Coca-Cola na atratividade e manutenção de funcionários em uma empresa afiliada de uma franqueada da The Coca-Cola Company, denominada CVI Refrigerantes Ltda., identificando o nível de conhecimento prévio dos colaboradores da empresa sobre a mesma, verificando os atributos relacionados à marca na visão destes e diagnosticando fatores considerados decisivos no momento da escolha da empresa como empregadora. Foi realizada análise documental e de entrevistas semiestruturadas com funcionários. Constata-se que a imagem e o nome da marca Coca-Cola constituem, para os funcionários, fortes atrativos, além dos benefícios e oportunidades de crescimento oferecidos.

Respektování lidských práv a transnacionální korporace: Případová studie Coca-cola

OpenAIRE

Hyšková, Kateřina

2017-01-01

This bachelor thesis deals with the issue of violation of human rights by transnational corporations on a case of Coca-Cola. The theoretical part explains the international legal responsibility of individual subjects of the international environment and the issue of non-binding international legal standards for the issue of transnational corporations and human rights. In the empirical part, the thesis tries to answer the question of to what extent and which specific human rights Coca-Cola vio...

Dropout Intervention and Language Minority Youth. ERIC Digest.

Science.gov (United States)

Vaznaugh, Adriana

This digest describes three programs for middle and high school language minority students at risk of dropping out of school. Two of the programs are geared toward limited-English-proficient Hispanic youth, and the third, a vocational program, involves African-American students as well. The first program described is the Coca-Cola Valued Youth…

Oesophageal food impaction in achalasia treated with Coca-Cola and nifedipine.

Science.gov (United States)

Koumi, Andriani; Panos, Marios Zenon

2010-01-01

Achalasia is characterised by the loss of peristaltic movement in the distal oesophagus and failure of the lower oesophageal sphincter relaxation, which results in impaired oesophageal emptying. We report a case of a 92-year-old frail woman with a history of achalasia, who presented with acute oesophageal obstruction due to impaction of a large amount of food material. She was treated successfully with nifedipine, in combination with Coca-Cola (original product, not sugar free), so avoiding the risks associated with repeated endoscopic intubation and piecemeal removal of the oesophageal content.

A influência da marca Coca Cola na atratividade e manutenção dos funcionários em uma afiliada no Rio Grande Do Sul

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Carla Cavalheiro Lima

2014-01-01

Full Text Available O estudo analisou a influência da marca Coca-Cola na atratividade e manutenção de funcionários em uma empresa afiliada de uma franqueada da The Coca-Cola Company, denominada CVI Refrigerantes Ltda., identificando o nível de conhecimento prévio dos colaboradores da empresa sobre a mesma, verificando os atributos relacionados à marca na visão destes e diagnosticando fatores considerados decisivos no momento da escolha da empresa como empregadora. Foi realizada análise documental e de entrevistas  semiestruturadas com funcionários. Constata-se que a imagem e o nome da marca Coca-Cola constituem, para os funcionários, fortes atrativos, além dos benefícios e oportunidades de crescimento oferecidos.

Gastric Outlet Obstruction--An Unexpected Complication during Coca-Cola Therapy for a Gastric Bezoar: A Case Report and Literature Review.

Science.gov (United States)

Lu, Lei; Zhang, Xiao-Feng

2016-01-01

Gastric bezoars are concretions of undigested material, and Coca-Cola therapy is an easy, efficacious and safe approach for bezoar treatment. Gastric outlet obstruction due to a migratory gastric bezoar during Coca-Cola therapy is an uncommon presentation and, to the best of our knowledge, no cases have been previously reported. We herein describe one such case with no known predisposing factors that recovered via the endoscopic technique. A thorough literature search was performed, which yielded eight relevant patients from seven publications, all of who developed gastrointestinal obstruction during dissolution treatment and recovered uneventfully after surgical intervention. In conclusion, this potential complication should be kept in mind in the event that alternative treatment is necessary.

Coca-Cola : stratégie de l’immanence et narrative

OpenAIRE

Alen, Fanny

2017-01-01

L’essentiel de ce mémoire consiste à se pencher sur les deux stratégies mises en place par la firme The Coca-Cola Company, au travers ses annonces télévisées. Le leader mondial des sodas est devenu une multinationale qui ne cesse d’éblouir ses consommateurs au travers ses spots publicitaires. Comment y parvient-il ? L’objectif de cette recherche a été de parvenir à découvrir la recette magique, non pas du célèbre Coke, mais du mélange entre narration et immanence. Tour à tour, ...

An internalization approach to joint ventures: the case of Coca-Cola in China

OpenAIRE

Mok, Vincent; Dai, Xiudian; Yeung, Godfrey

2002-01-01

In the presence of high transaction costs due to market imperfections, it is normally less expensive for multinational corporations (MNCs) to conduct their business activities in new markets through their internal corporate structures rather than by relying on the markets. Based on a case study of Coca-Cola's entry into the Chinese market, this paper tests the applicability of internalization theory to explaining the entry mode choices of MNCs in developing countries. Internalization theory r...

Impact of emotional stability and attitude on consumption decisions under risk: the Coca-Cola crisis in Belgium.

Science.gov (United States)

Verbeke, Wim; Van Kenhove, Patrick

2002-01-01

This article focuses on consumer reactions during and after the Coca-Cola crisis of June 1999 in Belgium. The research tests for associations between the personality trait "emotional stability," attitude toward the brand, and self-reported behavior. Cross-sectional data are collected from a sample of Coca-Cola drinkers between 19 and 22 years old. The data are analyzed through the specification and estimation of a structural equation model and ANOVA. A direct and positive effect of attitude toward the brand on the behavioral response is found. No direct effect of emotional stability on behavior is revealed. However, indirect effects of personality mediated by attitude are discovered. Further, emotional stability is found to correlate negatively with importance attached to information during the crisis. Fast and transparent communication with specific attention to lower emotional stability groups, as well as the inclusion of personality and attitude measurements in future health and food safety studies, are recommended.

An Econometric Analysis of Brand Level Strategic Pricing Between Coca Cola and Pepsi Inc.

OpenAIRE

Tirtha Pratim Dhar; Jean-Paul Chavas; Ronald W. Cotterill; Brian W. Gould

2002-01-01

Market structure and strategic pricing for leading brands sold by Coca Cola and Pepsi Inc. are investigated in the context of a flexible demand specification and structural price equations. This approach is more general than prior studies that rely upon linear approximations and interactions of an inherently nonlinear problem. We test for Bertrand equilibrium, Stackelberg equilibrium, collusion, and a general conjectural variation (CV) specification. This nonlinear Full Information Maximum Li...

Institutional Advertising in the Context of Social Representation Theory: The Case of Coca Cola

OpenAIRE

MURAT ÇOLPA, Zeynep

2018-01-01

Social representation emergesto provide needs of individuals understanding world. Production of socialrepresentations only can be provided by individuals and groups interact eachother that is generally used in the field of communication. In this respect,this study attempts to analyze the instituional advertising in the context ofsocial representation theory. In this study institutionaladvertising of Coca Cola which is a well-known beverage company is inspectedand evaluated. Three sample of Co...

La m??sica en la narrativa publicitaria audiovisual. El caso de Coca-Cola

OpenAIRE

S??nchez Porras, Mar??a Jos??

2015-01-01

En esta investigaci??n se ha realizado un estudio profundo de la m??sica en la publicidad audiovisual y su relaci??n con otros aspectos sonoros y visuales de la publicidad. Para llevarlo a cabo se ha seleccionado una marca concreta, Coca-Cola, debido a su globalizaci??n y reconocimiento. Se ha abordado una nueva perspectiva de an??lisis musical en la publicidad audiovisual, abordando los diferentes elementos de la estructura musical a trav??s de la proyecci??n de los anuncios. Se ha rea...

An Economic Analysis of Brand-Level Strategic Pricing Between Coca-Cola Company and Pepsi

OpenAIRE

Dhar, Tirtha; Chavas, Jean- Paul; Cotterill, Ronald W.; Gould, Brian W.

2005-01-01

We investigate market structure and strategic pricing for leading brands sold by Coca-Cola Company and PepsiCo. in the context of a flexible demand specification (i.e., nonlinear AIDS) and structural price equations. Our flexible and generalized approach does not rely upon the often used ad hoc linear approximations to demand and profit-maximizing first-order conditions, andthe assumption of Nash-Bertrand competition. We estimate a conjectural variation model and test for different brand-leve...

Unique proline-benzoquinone pigment from the colored nectar of "bird's Coca cola tree" functions in bird attractions.

Science.gov (United States)

Luo, Shi-Hong; Liu, Yan; Hua, Juan; Niu, Xue-Mei; Jing, Shu-Xi; Zhao, Xu; Schneider, Bernd; Gershenzon, Jonathan; Li, Sheng-Hong

2012-08-17

The major pigment responsible for the dark brown nectar of the "bird's Coca cola tree", Leucosceptrum canum (Labiatae), was isolated and identified as a unique symmetric proline-quinone conjugate, 2,5-di-(N-(-)-prolyl)-para-benzoquinone (DPBQ). Behavioral experiments with both isolated and synthetic authentic samples indicated that DPBQ functions mainly as a color attractant to bird pollinators.

Persimmon bezoar successfully treated by oral intake of Coca-Cola: a case report.

Science.gov (United States)

Hayashi, Kazuki; Ohara, Hirotaka; Naitoh, Itaru; Okumura, Fumihiro; Andoh, Tomoaki; Itoh, Takafumi; Nakazawa, Takahiro; Joh, Takashi

2008-12-11

An 82-year-old male presented with a chief complaint of upper abdominal pain. Subsequently, a bezoar and a gastric ulcer were detected by upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. The bezoar was dark green in color and extremely hard, having a major axis of 7 cm. After hospitalization, 500-1000 ml/day of Coca-Cola was orally administered continuously for 3 weeks. Thereafter, the bezoar decreased in size to a major axis of 4 cm and showed a softening trend. Therefore, lithotripsy was thereafter carried out under endoscopy using forceps.

Treatment of gastric phytobezoars with Coca-Cola® given via oral route: a case report

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ertuğrul G

2012-02-01

Full Text Available Gökhan Ertuğrul1, Murat Coşkun1, Mahsuni Sevinç1, Fisun Ertuğrul2, Toygar Toydemir31Department of General Surgery, Düzce Atatürk State Hospital, Muncurlu, Düzce, Turkey; 2Department of Anaesthesiology and Reanimation, Düzce Atatürk State Hospital, Muncurlu, Düzce, Turkey; 3Department of General Surgery, İstanbul Surgery Hospital, Nisantasi, İstanbul, TurkeyBackground: A 43-year-old female patient presented with a chief complaint of upper abdominal pain. As her complaints had lasted for 1 month, an upper gastrointestinal system endoscopy was performed and discovered a bezoar in the stomach.Case presentation: The bezoar was quite hard and light green-yellow in color. Pathological examination revealed phytobezoar. The patient was hospitalized and given oral Coca-Cola® Zero for seven days at a dose of 500 mL three times daily.Conclusion: The upper gastrointestinal system endoscopy performed at the end of 7 days showed that the phytobezoar had softened and become smaller. The phytobezoar was broken into pieces with biopsy forceps and washing was applied, so the phytobezoar pieces could pass through the pylorus. The patient was discharged after the procedure without problem.Keywords: gastric phytobezoar, Coca-Cola, upper gastrointestinal system endoscopy

Measuring the Effectiveness of Sales Promotion Activities on Brand Loyalty: A Study on COCA COLA

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Uma Shankar Singh

2017-03-01

Full Text Available The study is descriptive in nature measuring the effect and relationship in between sales promotion activities and brand loyalty. The study is done on COCA COLA brand in the open market. The research problem observed here as to measure the efficiency of sales promotion and brand loyalty to get the real effectiveness on sales promotion activities. The research objectives formulated are to know the importance of component of sales promotion activities, to know the effect of advertising on sales promotion activities, to realize the importance of brand loyalty on sales promotion activities. A quantitative method was used to accomplish the purpose of the study. A survey instrument developed taking items to measure all variables with five points likert scale. A sample size of 159 (from 210 incorporated in the study having the reliability of 0.851(more than 0.7. The data analyzed using SPSS for descriptive statistics and regression to measure the effect of independent variable on dependent variable. It is recommend that COCA COLA should improve more on its different activities and produce different product and with tasty fast food or build up different production of equipment to expand its business in the whole world’s market .

The influence of "Coca-Cola" company over the quality of the environment of Zemun

OpenAIRE

Topalović Sanja

2012-01-01

Food industry can be a significant source of environmental pollution, which depends on the type of food industry. In the industrial area “Gornji Zemun” there are at least ten larger factories. Among these Coca-Cola HBC Serbia, as a representative of the industry of non-alcoholic beverages, is the most active and has the biggest influence on the environment. The success in business is based on the sustainable development and the lesser influence over the environment, which will be proven...

Process evaluation of knowledge transfer across industries: Leveraging Coca-Cola's supply chain expertise for medicine availability in Tanzania.

Science.gov (United States)

Linnander, Erika; Yuan, Christina T; Ahmed, Shirin; Cherlin, Emily; Talbert-Slagle, Kristina; Curry, Leslie A

2017-01-01

Persistent gaps in the availability of essential medicines have slowed the achievement of global health targets. Despite the supply chain knowledge and expertise that ministries of health might glean from other industries, limited empirical research has examined the process of knowledge transfer from other industries into global public health. We examined a partnership designed to improve the availability of medical supplies in Tanzania by transferring knowledge from The Coca-Cola system to Tanzania's Medical Stores Department (MSD). We conducted a process evaluation including in-depth interviews with 70 participants between July 2011 and May 2014, corresponding to each phase of the partnership, with focus on challenges and strategies to address them, as well as benefits perceived by partners. Partners faced challenges in (1) identifying relevant knowledge to transfer, (2) translating operational solutions from Coca-Cola to MSD, and (3) maintaining momentum between project phases. Strategies to respond to these challenges emerged through real-time problem solving and included (1) leveraging the receptivity of MSD leadership, (2) engaging a boundary spanner to identify knowledge to transfer, (3) promoting local recognition of commonalities across industries, (4) engaging external technical experts to manage translation activities, (5) developing tools with visible benefits for MSD, (6) investing in local relationships, and (7) providing time and space for the partnership model to evolve. Benefits of the partnership perceived by MSD staff included enhanced collaboration and communication, more proactive orientations in managing operations, and greater attention to performance management. Benefits perceived by Coca-Cola staff included strengthened knowledge transfer capability and enhanced job satisfaction. Linking theoretical constructs with practical experiences from the field, we highlight the challenges, emergent strategies, and perceived benefits of a partnership

Process evaluation of knowledge transfer across industries: Leveraging Coca-Cola's supply chain expertise for medicine availability in Tanzania.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Erika Linnander

Full Text Available Persistent gaps in the availability of essential medicines have slowed the achievement of global health targets. Despite the supply chain knowledge and expertise that ministries of health might glean from other industries, limited empirical research has examined the process of knowledge transfer from other industries into global public health. We examined a partnership designed to improve the availability of medical supplies in Tanzania by transferring knowledge from The Coca-Cola system to Tanzania's Medical Stores Department (MSD. We conducted a process evaluation including in-depth interviews with 70 participants between July 2011 and May 2014, corresponding to each phase of the partnership, with focus on challenges and strategies to address them, as well as benefits perceived by partners. Partners faced challenges in (1 identifying relevant knowledge to transfer, (2 translating operational solutions from Coca-Cola to MSD, and (3 maintaining momentum between project phases. Strategies to respond to these challenges emerged through real-time problem solving and included (1 leveraging the receptivity of MSD leadership, (2 engaging a boundary spanner to identify knowledge to transfer, (3 promoting local recognition of commonalities across industries, (4 engaging external technical experts to manage translation activities, (5 developing tools with visible benefits for MSD, (6 investing in local relationships, and (7 providing time and space for the partnership model to evolve. Benefits of the partnership perceived by MSD staff included enhanced collaboration and communication, more proactive orientations in managing operations, and greater attention to performance management. Benefits perceived by Coca-Cola staff included strengthened knowledge transfer capability and enhanced job satisfaction. Linking theoretical constructs with practical experiences from the field, we highlight the challenges, emergent strategies, and perceived benefits of a

The influence of "Coca-Cola" company over the quality of the environment of Zemun

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Topalović Sanja

2012-01-01

Full Text Available Food industry can be a significant source of environmental pollution, which depends on the type of food industry. In the industrial area “Gornji Zemun” there are at least ten larger factories. Among these Coca-Cola HBC Serbia, as a representative of the industry of non-alcoholic beverages, is the most active and has the biggest influence on the environment. The success in business is based on the sustainable development and the lesser influence over the environment, which will be proven by this article.

Measuring the Effectiveness of Sales Promotion Activities on Brand Loyalty: A Study on COCA COLA

OpenAIRE

Uma Shankar Singh; Osman Sahin

2017-01-01

The study is descriptive in nature measuring the effect and relationship in between sales promotion activities and brand loyalty. The study is done on COCA COLA brand in the open market. The research problem observed here as to measure the efficiency of sales promotion and brand loyalty to get the real effectiveness on sales promotion activities. The research objectives formulated are to know the importance of component of sales promotion activities, to know the effect of advertising on sales...

Fluorescent carbon nanodots facilely extracted from Coca Cola for temperature sensing

Science.gov (United States)

Li, Feiming; Chen, Qiaoling; Cai, Zhixiong; Lin, Fangyuan; Xu, Wei; Wang, Yiru; Chen, Xi

2017-12-01

A novel method for the fabrication of carbon nanodots (CDs) is introduced: extracting CDs from the well-known soft drink Coca Cola via dialysis. The obtained CDs are of good monodispersity with a narrow size distribution (average diameter of 3.0 nm), good biocompatibility, high solubility (about 180 mg ml-1) and stable fluorescence even at a high salt concentration. Furthermore, they are sensitive to the temperature change with a linear relationship between the fluorescence intensity and temperature from 5 °C-95 °C. The CDs have been applied in high stable temperature sensing. This protocol is quite simple, green, cost-effective and technologically simple, which might be used for a range of applications including sensing, catalysts, drug and gene delivery, and so on.

The effect of cola consumption on oral mucosa in rats.

Science.gov (United States)

Kapicloğlu, S; Baki, A H; Tekelioğlu, Y; Araz, K

2000-01-01

Drinks that contain phosphoric acid have been shown to have erosive effects and cola drinks are strongly acidic (pH 2.5). Gingivitis may be caused by dietary acids. Therefore, this study analyses the interaction of Coca Cola consumption and oral mucosal damage. Thirty rats were divided into three groups of 10. The animals received saline (pH 7.0) or HCl acid buffered to pH 2.6 or Coca Cola (pH 2.6) per os with 24-h free access to these solutions. A biopsy was taken from the front of the gingiva and the tongue. Histopathological analysis showed no specific lesion and there were no differences among saline, Coca Cola and HCl groups. Flow cytometric analysis was used to assess proliferative activity. In the HCl acid and Coca Cola groups, cell cycle analysis showed that the effects of Coca Cola and HCl acid in inducing oral mucosal damage are similar. In both Coca Cola [G0/G1, 70.38+/-7.9; S, 28.06+/-10.13; G2/M, 1.62+/-2.80; proliferative index (PI), 28.68+/-7.981 and HCI (G0/G1, 67.7+/-18.9; S, 27.8+/-17.5; G2/M, 4.4+/-3.8; PI, 30.9+/-20.98), the rat cell population G0/G1 and G2/M phases were found to be low (p Coca Cola and HCl acid have similar proliferative and regenerative effects on oral mucosa, and it is possible that their regenerative effects are caused as a result of an irritant effect.

Activating Processes in the Brand Communication of Valuable Brands on the example of Coca-Cola.

OpenAIRE

Pöhler, Marie-Luise

2017-01-01

Everyone in the world, from the streets of Paris to the villages in Africa, knows the logo with the white letters that are written on a bright red background. Coca-Cola was introduced in 1886. In that year, only nine glasses of the soda drink were sold per day. So how did the little company from Atlanta become the world’s most valuable and popular soft drink? One of the company’s secrets is its emotional and memorable advertising strategies. Therefore, this thesis explains and analyzes ho...

Relationship of Coca-Cola Brazil and the communities participant of the social projects: (im) possibilities

OpenAIRE

Lima, Vanessa Sobreira Casali

2014-01-01

Five years ago, Coca-Cola Brasil launched a program named “Coletivo Project”, with the purpose to enjoy an opportunity of increase on the potential consumption power of the low-income pyramid population that lived on the “favelas”. At the same time, it had the objective to offer to them a social and financial impact, which is a trust on the future, the first job for the young adults’ participant of this program and an increase on their family source of revenues, through salaries. This was...

A publicidade da Coca-Cola “Happiness Factory” e o imaginário do sistema produtivo na sociedade de consumo

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João Carrascoza

2008-09-01

Full Text Available O artigo propõe a reflexão sobre o universo simbólico da marca Coca-Cola com base no comercial “Happiness Factory” (“Fábrica de Felicidade”, 2006, em que a esfera produtiva da corporação é recuperada como espetáculo, como apoteose, para servir ao imaginário do consumo. Trata-se de estudo preliminar sobre os processos simbólicos de reconstrução, de esvaziamento, de harmonização das tensões e dialéticas que envolvem o mundo do trabalho, para servir à publicidade da marca – esta entendida como ente social, mediador da negociação simbólica entre anunciantes e consumidores. A metodologia de análise é baseada no quadro teórico da análise do discurso de linha francesa e de conceitos- chave da obra de Mikhail Bakhtin, entre outros autores. Palavras-chave: Publicidade; consumo simbólico; trabalho.ABSTRACT This article presents a reflection on the symbolic universe of the Coca-Cola brand based on the comercial “Happiness Factory” (2006, in which the productive sphere of the corporation is transformed and presented as a spectacle, as an apotheosis in order to meet the purposes of consumption imaginary. This is a preliminary study on the symbolic processes of reconstruction, of emptying and of the harmonization of tensions and dialectics which involve the world of labour in order to meet the requirements of the publicity of the Coca-Cola brand – which is understood as a social being, mediator of the symbolic negotiation between advertisers and consumers. Our methodology of analysis is based on the theoretical framework of the French line of discourse analysis and key concepts of Mikhail Bakhtin, among other authors. Keywords: Advertising; symbolic consumption; brands.

Analisis Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Loyalitas Konsumen Terhadap Merek Coca-cola (Studi pada Restoran Sop Saudara Medan)

OpenAIRE

Puspasari, Indriyani

2015-01-01

This study aims to determine the factors that influence consumer loyalty to the brand coca - cola at Soup Brothers Restaurant Medan . Where consumer loyalty is a manifestation and continuation of customer satisfaction in using the facilities and services provided by the company . Loyalty is bbukti consumers who always want to be the consumer , who has the strength and positive attitude over the company . While the brand is a name , term , symbol , or design , or a combination of these things ...

Ocular injuries from exploding glass-bottled Coca-Cola® drinks in Port Harcourt, Nigeria.

Science.gov (United States)

Pedro-Egbe, Chinyere Nnenne; Ejimadu, Chibuike Sydney; Nwachukwu, Henrietta

2011-01-01

Eye injuries and subsequent loss of vision from the glass and caps of exploding pressurized bottled drinks have been well reported, and as a result most developed countries now use mainly plastic bottles. In Nigeria, however, most drinks are still sold in glass bottles and ocular injuries from this source are therefore not uncommon. To retrospectively analyze ocular injuries resulting from exploding glass-bottled Coca-Cola® and propose ways of eliminating such injuries in future. Eye Clinic, University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Port Harcourt, Nigeria. The medical records of all cases of ocular injury that presented at the Eye Clinic of the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital over a 5-year period (January 2006 to December 2010) were retrieved and relevant data including age, sex, occupation, events surrounding bottle explosion, and type of ocular injury sustained were extracted. A total of 426 cases of ocular injuries was seen during the period under review. There were 335 (78.6%) males and 91 (21.4%) females. Six patients had ocular injury from exploding glass-bottled Coca-Cola®, giving an incidence of 1.4%. The presenting visual acuities (VA) were light perception (2 cases), counting fingers (2 cases), and 1 VA of 6/24 and 1 VA of 6/12. There were 4 (66.7%) cases of corneoscleral laceration with uveal prolapse and 1 case of total hyphema. Because pressurized glass-bottles can explode with normal handling, legislation to ban the use of glass containers for bottling carbonated drinks will go a long way to reducing ocular morbidity from this source. Plastic bottles should be introduced as an alternative.

On the Pragmatist Translation of the Ads Of Coca-Cola and Pepsi

Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

覃洁

2012-01-01

Advertising language is an important research material of social change, it is picked up conveniently. There is no distortion and glossing over history, it is the most simple and most visual material. For English advertising, it reflects values, aesthetic tastes, lifestyle, cultural traditions in the U.S., Britain and other countries. With their own unique ways of recording social change, English advertising is quietly playing an important role in the social life and the psychology of social culture. As a practical style, the advertising language has its unique characteristics in vocabulary, syntax, rhetoric and other aspects. Leech opened the first systematic study of advertising language. He studied the various features of advertising language from literature perspective. With the emergence of the theories of pragmatics, some Chinese scholars, like Zhao Jing, Huang guowen, also set out to explore the advertising language from different aspects. But few of them devoted themselves to the English advertising of American beverage. This paper sets out to explore the issues from a pragmatics perspective. Based on the characteristics of advertising language of American Coca-Cola and Pepsi, the paper analyzes the inevitable language impact on social functioning and the concept of values between English advertising and the interaction of modem simple life, revealing the failure of English advertising language in cross-cultural exchanges and social pragmatic information.

Analisis Brand Association CocaCola dalam Pembentukan Brand Image Konsumen (Studi Kasus Pada Mahasiswa Universitas Sumatera Utara)

OpenAIRE

Silitonga, Lewildy V

2012-01-01

Image of a product can not be separated from the view or perception given by the consumers (respondents), whether or not a product consumers who rate it as users and customers concerned. The aim of the research was to know and analyze the brand association that forms CocaCola brand image in the minds of consumers in the North Sumatra University students. This research was descriptive.. It used descriptive analytic method, statistical method, that is, the validity and reliability test with ...

Obstructive Bezoars of the Small Bowel Treated with Coca-Cola Zero through a Long Intestinal Tube and Endoscopic Manipulation.

Science.gov (United States)

Endo, Kei; Kakisaka, Keisuke; Suzuki, Yuji; Matsumoto, Takayuki; Takikawa, Yasuhiro

2017-11-15

An 82-year-old Japanese man visited our hospital with abdominal fullness accompanied by lower abdominal pain. He presented with small bowel obstruction due to multiple diospyrobezoars. The bezoars were successfully removed without any surgical intervention by the administration of Coca-Cola Zero through a long intestinal tube and subsequent endoscopic manipulation. Such a combination may be the treatment of choice for small bowel obstruction due to bezoars.

Ocular injuries from exploding glass-bottled Coca-Cola® drinks in Port Harcourt, Nigeria

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Pedro-Egbe CN

2011-05-01

Full Text Available Chinyere Nnenne Pedro-Egbe, Chibuike Sydney Ejimadu, Henrietta NwachukwuDepartment of Ophthalmology, University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Port Harcourt, NigeriaBackground: Eye injuries and subsequent loss of vision from the glass and caps of exploding pressurized bottled drinks have been well reported, and as a result most developed countries now use mainly plastic bottles. In Nigeria, however, most drinks are still sold in glass bottles and ocular injuries from this source are therefore not uncommon.Aim: To retrospectively analyze ocular injuries resulting from exploding glass-bottled Coca-Cola® and propose ways of eliminating such injuries in future.Setting: Eye Clinic, University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Port Harcourt, Nigeria.Materials and methods: The medical records of all cases of ocular injury that presented at the Eye Clinic of the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital over a 5-year period (January 2006 to December 2010 were retrieved and relevant data including age, sex, occupation, events surrounding bottle explosion, and type of ocular injury sustained were extracted.Results: A total of 426 cases of ocular injuries was seen during the period under review. There were 335 (78.6% males and 91 (21.4% females. Six patients had ocular injury from exploding glass-bottled Coca-Cola®, giving an incidence of 1.4%. The presenting visual acuities (VA were light perception (2 cases, counting fingers (2 cases, and 1 VA of 6/24 and 1 VA of 6/12. There were 4 (66.7% cases of corneoscleral laceration with uveal prolapse and 1 case of total hyphema.Conclusion: Because pressurized glass-bottles can explode with normal handling, legislation to ban the use of glass containers for bottling carbonated drinks will go a long way to reducing ocular morbidity from this source. Plastic bottles should be introduced as an alternative.Keywords: ocular injuries, exploding glass-bottled drink

PERANCANGAN MEJA ADJUSTABLE DENGAN MEMPERHATIKAN POSTUR KERJA PEKERJA MANUAL MATERIAL HANDLING (Studi Kasus di PT. Coca – Cola Bottling Indonesia

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Singgih Saptadi

2012-02-01

Full Text Available PT Coca Cola Bottling Indonesia adalah salah satu perusahaan yang bergerak dalam bidang minuman ringan baik berupa carbonated soft drink (coca-cola, fanta, sprite maupun non-carbonated soft drink (frestea, ades. Penanganan material pada pabrik ini masih dilakukan secara manual (Manual Material Handling/MMH. Pekerjaan ini dimulai dengan pengangkatan kontainer dari atas conveyor kemudian dipindahkan dan disusun di atas pallet (proses palletizing.Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA adalah salah satu metode yang digunakan untuk menilai postur kerjakaitanya dengan cedera otot akibat bekerja. Pada metode ini juga dipengaruhi oleh faktor coupling, beban eksternal serta aktivitas pekerja yang dialami oleh subjek pengamatan. Implementasi REBA dilakukan pada postur penanganan material khususnya pada pengangkatan krat dan penyusunan krat. Dari hasil penilaian menunjukkan action level didominasi pada level 3 dan level 4, untuk itu perlu dilakukan tindakan perbaikan segera/saat itu juga. Dalam melakukan rekomendasi perbaikan postur penulis melakukan perancangan fasilitas yang disesuaikan dengan data antropometri dan didasarkan pada jenis aktifitasnya serta memberikan usulan fasilitas berupa meja adjustable. Penulis memvisualisasikan hasil rancangan melalui sofware 3DS max, dimana sofware ini juga digunakan sebagai analisis postur pada fasilitas kerja usulan. Kata kunci : Manual Material Handling, REBA, perancangan fasilitas kerja, meja adjustable, 3DS max                Coca Cola Bottling Indonesia is one of the company which move on soft drink areas like carbonated soft drinks (coca-cola, fanta, sprite or non-carbonated soft drinks (frestea,ades. Material handling in this factory is still done manually. This work is started by lifting the container from conveyor  then move it and arrange it above the pallet ( proses palletizing.              Rapid Entire Body Assesment ( REBA is one of the method by which is used to score working

Effect of calcium lactate in erosion and S. mutans in rats when added to Coca-Cola.

Science.gov (United States)

Beiraghi, S; Atkins, S; Rosen, S; Wilson, S; Odom, J; Beck, M

1989-12-01

Thirty-six Sprague Dawley rats, 22 days of age, were divided randomly into three groups of 12 each and housed in a programmable feeder. The three experimental groups received either Coca-Cola (CC), Coca-Cola with calcium lactate (CC-CaL), or distilled water. The programmable feeder was set to deliver 17 equal volumes of fluid per day with each feeding period lasting between 80-90 min. All groups were given Diet MIT 305 in one premeasured amount per 24 hr period (ad libitum). The pH of the CC with calcium lactate was adjusted to match the CC without calcium lactate by the addition of citric and phosphoric acids. The test period lasted five weeks. Each week, the food and fluid consumed and the weight gain were measured. Erosion of the teeth was scored by the method of Restarski et al. (1945). ANOVA indicated that there was a significant difference in the amount of erosion among groups. A Newman-Keuls analysis showed that the mean erosion score of the CC group was significantly greater (P less than 0.05) than that of the CC-CaL and distilled water groups (54.2 +/- 0.12; 0.0275 +/- 0.0123; 0.132 +/- 0.070, respectively). There was no significant difference in erosion between the CC-CaL and distilled water groups. There was no difference in the amount of food and fluid consumed among the group of rats. In conclusion, calcium lactate added to CC resulted in significantly reduced tooth erosion in rats.

Marketingové strategie značek Coca-Cola, Pepsi a Kofola na českém trhu

OpenAIRE

Tvrdý, Aleš

2014-01-01

This diploma thesis in the first chapter characterises the concepts of brand and marketing strategy including their main components. In the second chapter deals with the brands Coca-Cola, Pepsi and Kofola and their elements, image, positioning and marketing mix. In the final part, the results of two surveys are presented - a survey of the retail chains and a survey among consumers of those brands, which are dealing with analysis of the market positiong of those brands and their perception by ...

Brand Sponsorship and Social Media. Coca Cola and Carlsberg Illustrated with an Example of the European Football Championship 2016

OpenAIRE

Komańda, Marcin

2017-01-01

Purpose of the article: Presentation of the issue of brand sponsorship of events in the light of the use of social media for the purposes of brand management in the customer-based brand equity paradigm. Methodology/methods: Two brands (CocaCola and Carlsberg) which were the official sponsors of a sports event (EURO 2016) were monitored in social media. For this purpose information gathered by socialmention.com and likemore.pl were used. Presentation of the results of the ana...

Prenatal dietary load of Maillard reaction products combined with postnatal Coca-Cola drinking affects metabolic status of female Wistar rats

OpenAIRE

Gurecká, Radana; Koborová, Ivana; Janšáková, Katarína; Tábi, Tamás; Szökő, Éva; Somoza, Veronika; Šebeková, Katarína; Celec, Peter

2015-01-01

Aim To assess the impact of prenatal exposure to Maillard reaction products (MRPs) -rich diet and postnatal Coca- Cola consumption on metabolic status of female rats. Diet rich in MRPs and consumption of saccharose/fructose sweetened soft drinks is presumed to impose increased risk of development of cardiometabolic afflictions, such as obesity or insulin resistance. Methods At the first day of pregnancy, 9 female Wistar rats were randomized into two groups, pair-fed ei...

Fluorescent nanoparticles present in Coca-Cola and Pepsi-Cola: physiochemical properties, cytotoxicity, biodistribution and digestion studies.

Science.gov (United States)

Li, Shen; Jiang, Chengkun; Wang, Haitao; Cong, Shuang; Tan, Mingqian

2018-02-01

Foodborne nanoparticles (NPs) have drawn great attention due to human health concerns. This study reports the detection of the presence of fluorescent NPs, about 5 nm, in two of the most popular beverages, Coca-Cola (Coke) and Pepsi-Cola (Pepsi). The NPs contain H, C and O, three elements with a tunable emission and with a quantum yield of 3.3 and 4.3% for Coke and Pepsi, respectively. The presence of sp 3 -hybridized carbon atoms of alcohols and ethers bonds was confirmed by NMR analysis. The NPs can be taken up by living cells and accumulate within cell membrane and cytoplasm. Evaluation of the acute toxicity of the NPs revealed that the BALB/c mice appeared healthy after administration of a single dose of 2 g kg -1 body weight. Analysis of glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT), glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), urea and creatinine showed that there were statistically, but not biologically, significant differences in some of these biochemical parameters between the test and control groups. No obvious organ damage or apparent histopathological abnormality was observed in the tested mice. The biodistribution study in major organs indicated that the NPs were easily accumulated in the digestive tract, and they were able to cross the blood-brain barrier and dispersed in the brain. In vitro digestion of the NPs showed a significant fluorescence quenching of the NPs. This work represents the first report of foodborne fluorescent NPs present in Coke and Pepsi, and provides valuable insights into physicochemical properties of these NPs and their toxicity characteristics both in vitro and in vivo.

Treatment of gastric phytobezoars with Coca-Cola given via oral route: a case report.

Science.gov (United States)

Ertuğrul, Gökhan; Coşkun, Murat; Sevinç, Mahsuni; Ertuğrul, Fisun; Toydemir, Toygar

2012-01-01

A 43-year-old female patient presented with a chief complaint of upper abdominal pain. As her complaints had lasted for 1 month, an upper gastrointestinal system endoscopy was performed and discovered a bezoar in the stomach. The bezoar was quite hard and light green-yellow in color. Pathological examination revealed phytobezoar. The patient was hospitalized and given oral Coca-Cola(®) Zero for seven days at a dose of 500 mL three times daily. The upper gastrointestinal system endoscopy performed at the end of 7 days showed that the phytobezoar had softened and become smaller. The phytobezoar was broken into pieces with biopsy forceps and washing was applied, so the phytobezoar pieces could pass through the pylorus. The patient was discharged after the procedure without problem.

In vitro Comparison of the Effct Cola Beverage on Surface Hardness of Siloran-Based (p90 and Methyl Methacrylate-Based (p60 Composites

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Z.Khamverdi

2016-11-01

Full Text Available Introduction: Th characteristics of a suitable restoration material is having acceptable mechanical properties, protecting teeth against decay and ease of use in clinics. Diet can affct properties of restorative materials in the mouth. Since amongst important properties of composite restorations are mechanical properties such as hardness, the aim of this study was evaluation of the effct of Coca-Cola Beverages on surface hardness of a silorane based p90( and methyl methacrylate p60( composites. Methods: In this experimental study, thirty disc-shaped specimens 5 × 2 mm( of each of methyl methacrylate based Filtek p60, 3M Dental Products, USA( and a silorane based Filtek p90, 3M Dental Products, USA( composite resins were prepared, according to manufacturers' instructions. Specimens were randomly divided to four groups as follows N = 15(: G1: Filtek p90 without exposure to Coca-Cola, G2: Filtek p90 with exposure to Coca-Cola, G3: Filtek p60 without expure to Coca-Cola, G4: Filtek p60 with expure to Coca-Cola. Th specimens were exposed to regular sof drinks Coca-Cola, Khoshgovar, Tehran, Iran( at room temperature for seven days with a frequency of three times daily for 20 minutes at a time. In the remaining times of the day, they were kept in distilled water. Thn, micro hardness measurements were made for each specimen with a Vickers hardness testing machine Buehler, Lake Bluff IL, USA( under 500 g of force for 15 seconds. Data were analyzed using SPSS 18 and independent t-test at a signifiance level of 0.05. Results: Micro hardness values of four groups were G1: 68.28 ± 2.65; G2:59.56 ± 6.61; G3: 93.5 ± 2.38; and G4:86.76 ± 5.47, respectively. Th results of this study showed that Coca-Cola reduces the surface hardness of the two composite materials P > 0.05(. Conclusions: Th results showed the hardness of both Filtek p90 and Filtek p60 composite signifiantly decreases with Coca-Cola but the reduction was equal.

Plan estratégico de marketing de nueva línea de jugos premium para the Coca-Cola Company

OpenAIRE

Carbonel, Magaly; Ríos, Nicole; Taborga, Marcelo; Victorero, Natalia

2017-01-01

La alimentación saludable está cambiando los patrones de consumo de la sociedad, los consumidores están eligiendo productos bajos en grasas, sin preservantes u otros componentes dañinos a la salud. La categoría de jugos no es ajena a esta realidad, de acuerdo a las tendencias globales, regionales y locales, se ha evaluado la posibilidad de incorporar un jugo Premium RTD (100% jugo listo para consumir) al portafolio de The Coca-Cola Company en Lima Metropolitana. El presente Pla...

Brand Image in Cola Drinks

OpenAIRE

Sun, Jianfei

2010-01-01

In Chinese beverage market, there are three mainly cola brands, Coca cola, Pepsi and Future Cola, these three brand share almost 90% cola market, so that competition is omnipresent ,not only in the consumer market, but also very intensive in business to business market. Business-to-business brand building involves various aspects, for example, attributes of products and services, brand image, brand position, and B2B brand management, Wahaha Co., Ltd as a case company need to build brand i...

Perlakuan Akuntansi Aktiva Tetap Dan Metode Penyusutan Yang Sesuai Dengan Standar Akuntansi Keuangan Pada PT. Coca Cola Bottling Company Indonesia Medan

OpenAIRE

Tarigan, Yulinda

2011-01-01

This study aims to obtain a clear picture of the policy of fixed assets employed by PT Coca Cola Bottling Company of Indonesia Medan, such as how the acquisition of fixed assets, expenses after the acquisition of fixed assets, fixed assets depreciation method, the withdrawal of fixed assets, as well as the presentation of fixed assets those in the financial statements are appropriate depreciation method and the Financial Accounting Standards. In a study conducted, the author uses descripti...

Analisis Pengaruh Penerapan Sistem Manajemen Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Kerja OHSAS 18001 Terhadap Produktivitas Kerja Karyawan PT. Coca Cola Amatil Medan

OpenAIRE

Sitorus, Ummi Salamah

2016-01-01

Basically to doing his job, employees are not immune from the called risk in the work. Both the level of risk in mild or severe. To minimize the risk of loss is required a management system for managing safety and health of employees in order to increase employee productivity so companies can compete with other companies. In this case PT. Coca Cola Amatil Medan implement a safety and health Management System (SMK3) OHSAS 18001. The method used is quantitative research with assosiative app...

Estudo in situ do efeito da freqüência de ingestão de Coca-Cola na erosão do esmalte-dentina e reversão pela saliva

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

FUSHIDA Claudia Emy

1999-01-01

Full Text Available O objetivo do presente trabalho foi uma avaliação intra-oral do efeito erosivo de refrigerante no esmalte-dentina e a capacidade da saliva em reverter as alterações, considerando a adequação do modelo e a inexistência de pesquisas em relação à dentina. Para tanto, foram utilizados dentes bovinos, a partir dos quais prepararam-se blocos de esmalte e dentina radicular adequados para determinação de microdureza superficial. Nove voluntários, utilizando dispositivos intra-orais palatinos contendo 4 blocos de esmalte e 4 de dentina, participaram deste estudo de 4 etapas, nas quais Coca-Cola foi ingerida de 1 a 8 vezes ao dia. Foram feitas determinações de microdureza superficial utilizando-se o aparelho SHIMADZU HMV 2000, e cargas de 50,0 e 15,0 g, respectivamente para esmalte e dentina, durante 5,0 segundos. Os resultados mostraram que, em função da freqüência de ingestão de Coca-Cola, a porcentagem de perda de dureza foi de 18,7 a 27,9 para o esmalte e de 24,6 a 32,6 para a dentina. Estas reduções foram estatisticamente significativas a 5% (teste "t" pareado. A porcentagem de recuperação de dureza pela ação da saliva foi parcial, porém significativa (p < 0,05, variando de 43,6 a 35,6 para o esmalte e de 40,5 a 34,6 para a dentina. Houve também uma correlação significativa entre freqüência de ingestão de Coca-Cola e % de perda de dureza, sendo de 0,97 para o esmalte e de 0,72 para a dentina. Por outro lado, em termos de recuperação de dureza, a correlação foi negativa, -0,70 para o esmalte e -0,74 para a dentina. Conclui-se que em função da freqüência de ingestão de Coca-Cola há perdas proporcionais e irreversíveis da estrutura superficial tanto do esmalte como da dentina.

Treatment of gastric phytobezoars with Coca-Cola® given via oral route: a case report

Science.gov (United States)

Ertuğrul, Gökhan; Coşkun, Murat; Sevinç, Mahsuni; Ertuğrul, Fisun; Toydemir, Toygar

2012-01-01

Background A 43-year-old female patient presented with a chief complaint of upper abdominal pain. As her complaints had lasted for 1 month, an upper gastrointestinal system endoscopy was performed and discovered a bezoar in the stomach. Case presentation The bezoar was quite hard and light green-yellow in color. Pathological examination revealed phytobezoar. The patient was hospitalized and given oral Coca-Cola® Zero for seven days at a dose of 500 mL three times daily. Conclusion The upper gastrointestinal system endoscopy performed at the end of 7 days showed that the phytobezoar had softened and become smaller. The phytobezoar was broken into pieces with biopsy forceps and washing was applied, so the phytobezoar pieces could pass through the pylorus. The patient was discharged after the procedure without problem. PMID:22393302

Brand Sponsorship and Social Media. Coca Cola and Carlsberg Illustrated with an Example of the European Football Championship 2016

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Marcin Komańda

2017-06-01

Full Text Available Purpose of the article: Presentation of the issue of brand sponsorship of events in the light of the use of social media for the purposes of brand management in the customer-based brand equity paradigm. Methodology/methods: Two brands (CocaCola and Carlsberg which were the official sponsors of a sports event (EURO 2016 were monitored in social media. For this purpose information gathered by socialmention.com and likemore.pl were used. Presentation of the results of the analysis required the use of descriptive statistics as well as the Wilcoxon test and a network graph. Scientific aim: Determination of the scope and nature of the influence of sponsorship of an international sports event on the way a brand is perceived by social media users based on a selected set of data derived from brand monitoring. Findings: In case of Carlsberg the attitude of social media users did not change during EURO 2016, however, majority of their statements was connected with the issues related to this sports event. In case of Coca Cola, the perception of the brand by its clients changed within the studied period of time, however, the issues related to EURO 2016 were only one of many other issues raised by them. Conclusions: Assessment of the influence of brand sponsorship of an event on social media users’ perception faces the following difficulties: scope of monitoring, its efficiency, choice of data set generated by the monitoring tool for the analysis, level of recognition of brands and brand multi-sponsorship (parallel engagement of the brand in many events.

The good, the bad, the Jolly: Taste, image, and the symbolic resistance to the Coca-colonization of Denmark

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Askegaard, Søren; Csaba, Fabian F.

1999-01-01

This inquiry examines the efforts of Denmark's once favoured national cola, Jolly Cola, to resist the advancement of Coca-cola and, to a lesser degree, Pepsi. In moving our looking glass to the struggles of this obscure Danish product, we seek to move the debate on globalization, consumption...... and culture home to our own back yard. From there we offer a refreshing story, drawing on our local narrative tradition and woven together with advertising imagery, about the symbolic resistance to the Coca-colonization....

“Viver positivamente”: as lições ensinadas por peças publicitárias da Coca-Cola Company

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Daniela Ripoll

2014-08-01

Full Text Available Analisa-se a campanha publicitária da Coca-Cola Company Brasil, “Viva positivamente!”. A partir dos Estudos Culturais, dos Estudos de Mídia e das discussões pós-modernas acerca do consumo do corpo e de determinados estilos de vida na mídia, discute-se o crescente movimento de “redenção” ou, ainda, de “absolvição” do consumo, construído pedagógica e culturalmente como algo positivo e relacionado à melhora do corpo e da qualidade de vida dos sujeitos na contemporaneidade.

O percurso dos gêneros do discurso publicitário: considerações sobre as propagandas da Coca-cola

OpenAIRE

Campos-Toscano, Ana Lúcia Furquim [UNESP

2008-01-01

Com base nas reflexões do Círculo de Mikhail Bakhtin sobre gêneros do discurso e dialogismo e com a contribuição de outros estudiosos da linguagem e do discurso, além da utilização de referencial teórico das áreas de Comunicação Social, História e Sociologia, este trabalho tem como objetivo principal entender o percurso dos gêneros do discurso publicitário por meio da análise das propagandas da Coca-Cola e de seus contradiscursos. O corpus desta pesquisa constitui-se de propagandas impressas,...

Quantitative capillary electrophoresis and its application in analysis of alkaloids in tea, coffee, coca cola, and theophylline tablets.

Science.gov (United States)

Li, Mengjia; Zhou, Junyi; Gu, Xue; Wang, Yan; Huang, Xiaojing; Yan, Chao

2009-01-01

A quantitative CE (qCE) system with high precision has been developed, in which a 4-port nano-valve was isolated from the electric field and served as sample injector. The accurate amount of sample was introduced into the CE system with high reproducibility. Based on this system, consecutive injections and separations were performed without voltage interruption. Reproducibilities in terms of RSD lower than 0.8% for retention time and 1.7% for peak area were achieved. The effectiveness of the system was demonstrated by the quantitative analysis of caffeine, theobromine, and theophylline in real samples, such as tea leaf, roasted coffee, coca cola, and theophylline tablets.

Vliv sociálních sítí na marketingové strategie společnosti Coca Cola v kategorii FMCG

OpenAIRE

Nguyen Minh, Tuan

2017-01-01

The thesis analyses the possible utilizations of social networks by the companies in connection with periodic supply of new technology that faciliates communication between marketters and the target groups as well as communication between the users alone. The theoretical section summarizes actual trends of social networks world-wide. The thesis also focuses on the trends and innovational elements of the world's most popular networks. The practical part concentrates on the company Coca Cola wh...

NATO palkas Coca-Colast mainekujundaja / Evelyn Kaldoja

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Kaldoja, Evelyn, 1980-

2008-01-01

NATO otsustas oma kaubamärgi värskendamiseks palgata viimased kaks aastat Coca-Cola mainet kujundanud Michael Stopfordi, kelle põhiülesandeks tõenäoliselt jääb tavakodanikele organisatsiooni tähtsuse ja rolli selgitamine

Differential effects of dopamine and opioid receptor blockade on motivated Coca-Cola drinking behavior and associated changes in brain, skin and muscle temperatures.

Science.gov (United States)

Kiyatkin, E A

2010-05-05

Although pharmacological blockade of both dopamine (DA) and opiate receptors has an inhibiting effect on appetitive motivated behaviors, it is still unclear which physiological mechanisms affected by these treatments underlie the behavioral deficit. To clarify this issue, we examined how pharmacological blockade of either DA (SCH23390+eticlopride at 0.2 mg/kg each) or opioid receptors (naloxone 1 mg/kg) affects motor activity and temperature fluctuations in the nucleus accumbens (NAcc), temporal muscle, and facial skin associated with motivated Coca-Cola drinking behavior in rats. In drug-free conditions, presentation of a cup containing 5 ml of Coca-Cola induced locomotor activation and rapid NAcc temperature increases, which both transiently decreased during drinking, and phasically increased again after the cup was emptied. Muscle temperatures followed this pattern, but increases were weaker and more delayed than those in the NAcc. Skin temperature rapidly dropped after cup presentation, remained at low levels during consumption, and slowly restored during post-consumption behavioral activation. By itself, DA receptor blockade induced robust decrease in spontaneous locomotion, moderate increases in brain and muscle temperatures, and a relative increase in skin temperatures, suggesting metabolic activation coupled with adynamia. Following this treatment (approximately 180 min), motor activation to cup presentation and Coca-Cola consumption were absent, but rats showed NAcc and muscle temperature increases following cup presentation comparable to control. Therefore, DA receptor blockade does not affect significantly central and peripheral autonomic responses to appetitive stimuli, but eliminates their behavior-activating effects, thus disrupting appetitive behavior and blocking consumption. Naloxone alone slightly decreased brain and muscle temperatures and increased skin temperatures, pointing at the enhanced heat loss and possible minor inhibition of basal

Neuromarketing: diferencias en los niveles de atención y emoción entre hombres y mujeres respecto a Pepsi y Coca-cola

OpenAIRE

Pelayo García, Alejandra

2017-01-01

En este trabajo se desarrollan las diferencias existentes en los niveles de atención en hombres y mujeres tras haber sido expuestos a dos anuncios de Coca-cola y dos anuncios de Pepsi respectivamente. La medición fue posible gracias a la utilización del dispositivo sociograph, que nos proporcionaba datos cuantitativos, y a las encuestas pre y post visualización que nos proporcional datos cualitativos. Grado en Publicidad y Relaciones Públicas

A study on beverage MNCs’ entry mode decisions and determinant factors in internationalization in China: Case studies of Coca-Cola and Red bull

OpenAIRE

Tonsuwan, Pantitra

2015-01-01

The economic reform and liberalized government regulations toward business operations in 1980s make China a new target of international investments by multinational corporations (MNCs). How to enter this growth market and what entry mode should be implemented remain inconclusive. This paper analyses how two beverage companies- Coca-Cola and Red Bull that are operating in China, evaluate the influences and implications of the factors on their entry mode decisions since they initially came to C...

Cola soft drinks for evaluating the bioaccessibility of uranium in contaminated mine soils.

Science.gov (United States)

Lottermoser, Bernd G; Schnug, Ewald; Haneklaus, Silvia

2011-08-15

There is a rising need for scientifically sound and quantitative as well as simple, rapid, cheap and readily available soil testing procedures. The purpose of this study was to explore selected soft drinks (Coca-Cola Classic®, Diet Coke®, Coke Zero®) as indicators of bioaccessible uranium and other trace elements (As, Ce, Cu, La, Mn, Ni, Pb, Th, Y, Zn) in contaminated soils of the Mary Kathleen uranium mine site, Australia. Data of single extraction tests using Coca-Cola Classic®, Diet Coke® and Coke Zero® demonstrate that extractable arsenic, copper, lanthanum, manganese, nickel, yttrium and zinc concentrations correlate significantly with DTPA- and CaCl₂-extractable metals. Moreover, the correlation between DTPA-extractable uranium and that extracted using Coca-Cola Classic® is close to unity (+0.98), with reduced correlations for Diet Coke® (+0.66) and Coke Zero® (+0.55). Also, Coca-Cola Classic® extracts uranium concentrations near identical to DTPA, whereas distinctly higher uranium fractions were extracted using Diet Coke® and Coke Zero®. Results of this study demonstrate that the use of Coca-Cola Classic® in single extraction tests provided an excellent indication of bioaccessible uranium in the analysed soils and of uranium uptake into leaves and stems of the Sodom apple (Calotropis procera). Moreover, the unconventional reagent is superior in terms of availability, costs, preparation and disposal compared to traditional chemicals. Contaminated site assessments and rehabilitation of uranium mine sites require a solid understanding of the chemical speciation of environmentally significant elements for estimating their translocation in soils and plant uptake. Therefore, Cola soft drinks have potential applications in single extraction tests of uranium contaminated soils and may be used for environmental impact assessments of uranium mine sites, nuclear fuel processing plants and waste storage and disposal facilities. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier

Cola soft drinks for evaluating the bioaccessibility of uranium in contaminated mine soils

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lottermoser, Bernd G.; Schnug, Ewald; Haneklaus, Silvia

2011-01-01

There is a rising need for scientifically sound and quantitative as well as simple, rapid, cheap and readily available soil testing procedures. The purpose of this study was to explore selected soft drinks (Coca-Cola Classic (registered) , Diet Coke (registered) , Coke Zero (registered) ) as indicators of bioaccessible uranium and other trace elements (As, Ce, Cu, La, Mn, Ni, Pb, Th, Y, Zn) in contaminated soils of the Mary Kathleen uranium mine site, Australia. Data of single extraction tests using Coca-Cola Classic (registered) , Diet Coke (registered) and Coke Zero (registered) demonstrate that extractable arsenic, copper, lanthanum, manganese, nickel, yttrium and zinc concentrations correlate significantly with DTPA- and CaCl 2 -extractable metals. Moreover, the correlation between DTPA-extractable uranium and that extracted using Coca-Cola Classic (registered) is close to unity (+ 0.98), with reduced correlations for Diet Coke (registered) (+ 0.66) and Coke Zero (registered) (+ 0.55). Also, Coca-Cola Classic (registered) extracts uranium concentrations near identical to DTPA, whereas distinctly higher uranium fractions were extracted using Diet Coke (registered) and Coke Zero (registered) . Results of this study demonstrate that the use of Coca-Cola Classic (registered) in single extraction tests provided an excellent indication of bioaccessible uranium in the analysed soils and of uranium uptake into leaves and stems of the Sodom apple (Calotropis procera). Moreover, the unconventional reagent is superior in terms of availability, costs, preparation and disposal compared to traditional chemicals. Contaminated site assessments and rehabilitation of uranium mine sites require a solid understanding of the chemical speciation of environmentally significant elements for estimating their translocation in soils and plant uptake. Therefore, Cola soft drinks have potential applications in single extraction tests of uranium contaminated soils and may be used for

Cola soft drinks for evaluating the bioaccessibility of uranium in contaminated mine soils

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lottermoser, Bernd G., E-mail: Bernd.Lottermoser@utas.edu.au [School of Earth Sciences, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 79, Hobart, Tasmania 7001 (Australia); Schnug, Ewald; Haneklaus, Silvia [Institute for Crop and Soil Science, Federal Institute for Cultivated Plants, Julius Kuehn-Institute (JKI), Bundesallee 50, D-38116 Braunschweig (Germany)

2011-08-15

There is a rising need for scientifically sound and quantitative as well as simple, rapid, cheap and readily available soil testing procedures. The purpose of this study was to explore selected soft drinks (Coca-Cola Classic (registered) , Diet Coke (registered) , Coke Zero (registered) ) as indicators of bioaccessible uranium and other trace elements (As, Ce, Cu, La, Mn, Ni, Pb, Th, Y, Zn) in contaminated soils of the Mary Kathleen uranium mine site, Australia. Data of single extraction tests using Coca-Cola Classic (registered) , Diet Coke (registered) and Coke Zero (registered) demonstrate that extractable arsenic, copper, lanthanum, manganese, nickel, yttrium and zinc concentrations correlate significantly with DTPA- and CaCl{sub 2}-extractable metals. Moreover, the correlation between DTPA-extractable uranium and that extracted using Coca-Cola Classic (registered) is close to unity (+ 0.98), with reduced correlations for Diet Coke (registered) (+ 0.66) and Coke Zero (registered) (+ 0.55). Also, Coca-Cola Classic (registered) extracts uranium concentrations near identical to DTPA, whereas distinctly higher uranium fractions were extracted using Diet Coke (registered) and Coke Zero (registered) . Results of this study demonstrate that the use of Coca-Cola Classic (registered) in single extraction tests provided an excellent indication of bioaccessible uranium in the analysed soils and of uranium uptake into leaves and stems of the Sodom apple (Calotropis procera). Moreover, the unconventional reagent is superior in terms of availability, costs, preparation and disposal compared to traditional chemicals. Contaminated site assessments and rehabilitation of uranium mine sites require a solid understanding of the chemical speciation of environmentally significant elements for estimating their translocation in soils and plant uptake. Therefore, Cola soft drinks have potential applications in single extraction tests of uranium contaminated soils and may be used for

O uso do diagrama comparativo como ferramenta de abordagem sistêmica na gestão de design das marcas coca cola e Pepsi

OpenAIRE

Sá, Túlio Henrique Mandolesi; Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina - UFSC; Merino, Giselle Schmidt Díaz; Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina/UFSC; Figueiredo, Luiz Fernando Gonçalves de; UFSC - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina; Souza, Richard Perassi Luiz de; UFSC - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina

2014-01-01

This article presents the product mix that brands Coca-Cola and PepsiCo. operates in Brazil. Through a descriptive and exploratory research and based on the Kotler’s criteria for classifying products, will be presented in a diagram, a visual representation of the performance of these brands. The goal is to identify that they work their management in order to expand their business presence to strengthen they position in the mind of their consumers. Este artigo apresenta o mix de produtos co...

Penerapan Diagram Kontrol D^2 Mahalanobis Pada Proses Produksi Minuman Kemasan Returnable Glass Bottle (Studi Kasus Di PT. Coca-cola Bottling Indonesia Central Java)

OpenAIRE

Muhyidin, Muhammad Abid; Safitri, Diah; Rahmawati, Rita

2014-01-01

Quality being one of the basic factors in choosing a product consumers. Therefore, an industry or a company should always maintain the quality of their products in order to get loyal customers and are able to survive in the competitive market. Coca-cola Bottling Indonesia Central Java Limited Compay is one of the manufacturing company engaged in the beverage packaging industry and always trying to improve the quality for customer satisfaction. Although it has been to improve the quality, the...

La experiencia enlatada del compartir. Análisis de la regulación de las sensaciones en “Comparte tu Coca-Cola con” en las campañas de Coca-Cola 2014-2015

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Eliana Isabel Abraham

2015-09-01

Full Text Available El siguiente artículo pretende analizar los procesos de regulación de las sensaciones que construye el capitalismo sobre la experiencia social del “compartir/compartir con otros” en las campañas de Coca-Cola 2014-2015. Se tomara como horizonte epistemológico las contribuciones de una sociología de las emociones para desentramar los operativos ideológicos que subyacen en el montaje de las distintas instantáneas de consumo en torno a la campaña. Será pertinente para este caso, realizar una genealogía de las interpelaciones a lo sensible que construyó la empresa desde su llegada al país en 1942 y el especial tratamiento que reside en esta última apuesta del monopolio de la bebida al asalto de las experiencias. Por último, siguiendo el dictum benjaminiano, algunas imágenes publicitarias de la campaña que circulan en redes sociales para pensar el escenario mediático que refuerza los procesos de regulación a lo sensible.

Coca-Cola Refreshments Class 8 Diesel Electric Hybrid Tractor Evaluation: 13-Month Final Report

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Walkowicz, K.; Lammert, M.; Curran, P.

2012-08-01

This 13-month evaluation used five Kenworth T370 hybrid tractors and five Freightliner M2106 standard diesel tractors at a Coca Cola Refreshments facility in Miami, Florida. The primary objective was to evaluate the fuel economy, emissions, and operational field performance of hybrid electric vehicles when compared to similar-use conventional diesel vehicles. A random dispatch system ensures the vehicles are used in a similar manner. GPS logging, fueling, and maintenance records and laboratory dynamometer testing are used to evaluate the performance of these hybrid tractors. Both groups drive similar duty cycles with similar kinetic intensity (0.95 vs. 0.69), average speed (20.6 vs. 24.3 mph), and stops per mile (1.9 vs. 1.5). The study demonstrated the hybrid group had a 13.7% fuel economy improvement over the diesel group. Laboratory fuel economy and field fuel economy study showed similar trends along the range of KI and stops per mile. Hybrid maintenance costs were 51% lower per mile; hybrid fuel costs per mile were 12% less than for the diesels; and hybrid vehicle total cost of operation per mile was 24% less than the cost of operation for the diesel group.

RO unit for canned coffee drink processing line. Shipped to Tone Coca-Cola Bottling Co. Ltd., Ibaraki plant; Coffee line yo RO sochi. Tone Coca-Cola Bottling (kabu) Ibaraki kojo nonyu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Nakajima, K. [Ebara Corp., Tokyo (Japan)

1996-01-20

The paper introduces an RO unit (reverse osmotic membrane equipment) for producing water holding for the canned coffee drink processing line introduced to the Ibaraki plant of Tone Coca-Cola Bottling Co. The unit aims at reducing hardness components from city water and producing water holding for the coffee drink processing line. The capacity of the unit is 25m{sup 3}/h and the recovery rate is 80%. The unit is composed of a sand filter, an heat exchanger, a pre-filter, RO modules, a treated water tank, chemicals storage tanks, and an RO cleaning unit, which are all for pretreatment. The treated water, into which chlorine is injected, is sent through the existing activated carbon tower and micro filter to the processing line. The RO unit can remove at the same time ion and trihalomethane, pathogens, organic matters which are substances other than hardness components. The continued water bottling is possible with no need for the usual reproduction process, and the maintenance is easy. Because of the high hardness of the supplied raw water, acid is injected at the primary side of the unit for pH regulation to prevent scale deposition in the RO modules. The quality of the treated water well met the specifications. 2 figs., 2 tabs.

Estrategia de comunicación de mercadeo con Énfasis en la plataforma digital -redes sociales y geolocalización- para Coca-Cola Zero

OpenAIRE

Lara Cascante, Mariela

2012-01-01

Tesis de maestría -- Universidad de Costa Rica. Posgrado en Administración y Dirección de Empresas. Maestría Profesional en Administración y Dirección de Empresas con énfasis en Mercadeo y Ventas, 2012 El proyecto, desarrollado a lo largo de este documento, incluye la preparación y descripción de una estrategia de comunicación de mercadeo, que tiene un enfoque en el uso de herramientas digitales, como redes sociales y geolocalización, para fortalecer la marca de bebida gaseosa Coca-Cola Ze...

Coca-colonization and hybridization of diets among the Tz'utujil Maya.

Science.gov (United States)

Nagata, Jason M; Barg, Frances K; Valeggia, Claudia R; Bream, Kent D W

2011-01-01

Biomedical health professionals express increasing concern that rising consumption of soft drinks and processed foods in Mayan and Latin American eating patterns may lead to detrimental nutritional and health consequences. Scholars debate whether the pervading presence of Coca-Cola and Pepsi in developing countries represents "Coca-Colonization," synonymous with cultural imperialism, or cultural hybridization. Using mixed qualitative and quantitative research methods, including participant observation and semi-structured interviews, this study explores the development of Coca-Colonization and cultural hybridization among the Tz'utujil Maya of Santiago Atitlán, Guatemala. By specifically examining biomedical perspectives, cycles of conquest, the political economy, religion, celebrations, and the physical environment through the lens of soft drinks, this study finds that Coca-Colonization and cultural hybridization are complementary rather than mutually exclusive processes that contribute to dietary transitions, economic development, and differential health beliefs related to soft drink consumption.

Technology for Education. IDRA Focus.

Science.gov (United States)

IDRA Newsletter, 1998

1998-01-01

This theme issue includes five articles that focus on technology for education to benefit all students, including limited-English-proficient, minority, economically disadvantaged, and at-risk students. "Coca-Cola Valued Youth Program Students Meet Peers Via Video Conference" (Linda Cantu, Leticia Lopez-De La Garza) describes how at-risk…

Srovnávací analýza organizační architekrury zahraničních a českých nadnárodních organizací (na příkladu společností Coca Cola, Pepsi Cola a Kofola)

OpenAIRE

Jurka, Petr

2011-01-01

The thesis explains the theoretical concepts of multinational corporation, organization, different types of organizational structures and indicators used for the analysis of organizational structures. In the practical part, the author describes the structure of Coca Cola, PepsiCo and Kofola, analyzes the selected indicators for individual companies and also focuses on similar and different features of the organizational structures of these companies. In conclusion, the author establishes the ...

La «i-Generación» y su interacción en las redes sociales. Análisis de Coca-Cola en Tuenti

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Carmen Marta Lazo

2013-03-01

Full Text Available Los adolescentes y jóvenes utilizan cada vez más las redes sociales como medio para interactuar y participar en la construcción de un discurso múltiple. Las empresas aprovechan las opciones de relación directa con los seguidores en las redes y utilizan estas estructuras virtuales para acercarse a su «target». El objeto de este artículo es estudiar, mediante una metodología empírica y observacional, cómo construye «Coca-Cola» su imagen de marca en «Tuenti», la red más seguida por este sector del público. Entre otros aspectos, observaremos de qué modo interviene la marca y cómo los seguidores; cuáles son los temas que se introducen en las entradas y a través de qué tipo de formatos. Como conclusión, advertimos que el interés de la marca de dejar libertad de expresión a los seguidores es solo una estrategia, en realidad las entradas de «Coca-Cola» son muy escasas pero todas ellas tienen un elevado efecto «gancho», pues con un lenguaje que interpela al usuario para que se active y retome su discurso de manera dirigida. Además, no existe ningún tipo de mecanismo diferenciador entre la información, el entretenimiento y la publicidad, lo que, unido a la exposición continuada a impactos publicitarios a través de diferentes formatos, nos lleva a proponer la necesidad de una educación mediática para fomentar el uso responsable y crítico de las redes sociales por parte de los jóvenes.

O papel das marcas nas dinâmicas sociais online: análise da presença das marcas concorrentes Pepsi e Coca-Cola, no facebook em Portugal

OpenAIRE

Mariano, Ana Filipa Costa

2016-01-01

presente dissertação pretende analisar a presença das marcas de grande consumo na rede social Facebook em Portugal, tendo por base o case study das marcas concorrentes Pepsi e Coca-Cola enquanto representantes do setor. A presença de marcas nas redes sociais é um tema atual, que levanta questões quanto à sua relevância e aceitação pelos utilizadores. Esta investigação permite-nos perceber a forma como os consumidores vêm esta situação, assim como, compreender quais as motivações que os lev...

Interaction Of Brand And Taste In The Liking Of Cola Drinks By School Children

OpenAIRE

Bartneck, Christoph; Bartneck, Hanna

2017-01-01

Sugar sweetened soft drinks play an important role in obesity and world wide brands, such as Coca Cola, spend considerable resources on branding and advertising. As a result, their soft drinks tend to be up to 2.5 times more expensive than store brand cola drinks. We investigated the effect that the taste and the label has on the liking of cola drinks by school children. Taste did not have any significant effect and there was a significant interaction effect between the label and the taste. T...

Assessing Victory: How to Identify the Correct Measures of Success in Counterinsurgency Warfare - The Case of the FARC in Colombia

Science.gov (United States)

2013-09-01

morphine addiction, while Europeans valued its hunger- and fatigue suppressing qualities. Famously, the original recipe for Coca - Cola included coca ...resulted in the 1914 Harrison Narcotics Tax Act, which outlawed cocaine, as well as narcotics, such as opium. Coca - Cola had already changed its formula... coca cultivators who receive protection, as well as coerced support from civilians who may prefer the Colombian Government to the insurgents, but

Gastric Bezoar Treatment by Endoscopic Fragmentation in Combination with Pepsi-Cola® Administration.

Science.gov (United States)

Iwamuro, Masaya; Yunoki, Naoko; Tomoda, Jun; Nakamura, Kazuhiro; Okada, Hiroyuki; Yamamoto, Kazuhide

2015-07-10

Although bezoar dissolution by Coca-Cola® has been described in case reports and case series, to the best of our knowledge, the usefulness of other cola products such as Pepsi-Cola® has never been reported in the English literature. An 86-year-old Taiwanese man was diagnosed with a gastric bezoar. Endoscopic fragmentation with a polypectomy snare was attempted twice but failed to remove the bezoar. Subsequently, 500 mL of Pepsi NEX Zero® was administered daily for 4 days via nasogastric tube. The bezoar was softened and successfully fragmented by the polypectomy snare and needle-knife devices on the third attempt. This report presents the first case of a gastric bezoar successfully treated by endoscopic fragmentation in combination with Pepsi-Cola® administration, suggesting the possible utility of cola beverages in bezoar treatment, regardless of product brands.

Duodenal pH in health and duodenal ulcer disease: effect of a meal, Coca-Cola, smoking, and cimetidine.

Science.gov (United States)

McCloy, R F; Greenberg, G R; Baron, J H

1984-04-01

Intraluminal duodenal pH was recorded using a combined miniature electrode and logged digitally every 10 or 20 seconds for five hours (basal/meal/drink) in eight control subjects and 11 patients with duodenal ulcer (five on and off treatment with cimetidine). Over the whole test there were no significant differences in duodenal mean pH or log mean hydrogen ion activity (LMHa) between control subjects and patients with duodenal ulcer, but there were significantly longer periods of duodenal acidification (pH less than 4) and paradoxically more periods of duodenal alkalinisation (pH greater than 6) in the duodenal ulcer group compared with controls. After a meal duodenal mean pH and LMHa fell significantly in both controls and patients with duodenal ulcer, with more periods of duodenal acidification and alkalinisation in the duodenal ulcer group. An exogenous acid load (Coca-Cola) significantly increased the periods of duodenal acidification, and reduced alkalinisation, in both groups. Cimetidine significantly increased mean pH and LMHa and abolished the brief spikes of acidification in four of five patients with duodenal ulcer. Peak acid output (but not basal acid output) was significantly correlated with duodenal mean pH and LMHa but not with the periods of duodenal acidification. Smoking did not affect duodenal pH in either group.

Effect of soft drinks on proximal plaque pH at normal and low salivary secretion rates.

Science.gov (United States)

Johansson, Ann-Katrin; Lingström, Peter; Birkhed, Dowen

2007-11-01

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of different types of drinks on plaque pH during normal and drug-induced low salivary secretion rates. Three drinks were tested in 10 healthy adult subjects: 1) Coca-Cola regular, 2) Coca-Cola light, and 3) fresh orange juice. pH was measured in the maxillary incisor and premolar region with the microtouch method. The area under the pH curve (AUC) was calculated. During normal salivary condition, mouth-rinsing with Coca-Cola regular resulted in a slightly more pronounced drop in pH during the first few minutes than it did with orange juice. After this initial phase, both products showed similar and relatively slow pH recovery. Coca-Cola light also resulted in low pH values during the very first minutes, but thereafter in a rapid recovery back to baseline. During dry mouth conditions, the regular Cola drink showed a large initial drop in pH, and slightly more pronounced than for orange juice. After the initial phase, both products had a similar and slow recovery back to baseline. At most time-points, AUC was significantly greater in dry conditions compared to normal conditions for Coca-Cola regular and orange juice, but not for Coca-Cola light. Coca-Cola light generally showed a significantly smaller AUC than Coca-Cola regular and orange juice. The main conclusion from this study is that a low salivary secretion rate may accentuate the fall in pH in dental plaque after gentle mouth-rinsing with soft drinks.

Detection and Quantification of 4-Methylimidazole in Cola by Matrix-assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Mass Spectrometry with Fe2O3 Nanoparticles on Zeolite.

Science.gov (United States)

Fujii, Yosuke; Ding, Yuqi; Umezawa, Taichi; Akimoto, Takafumi; Xu, Jiawei; Uchida, Takashi; Fujino, Tatsuya

2018-01-01

Food additives generally used in carbonated drinks, such as 4-methylimidazole (4MI), caffeine (Caf?), citric acid (CA), and aspartame (Apm), were measured by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI MS) using nanometer-sized particles of iron oxide (Fe 2 O 3 NPs). The quantification of 4MI in Coca Cola (C-cola) was carried out. In order to improve the reproducibility of the peak intensities, Fe 2 O 3 NPs loaded on ZSM5 zeolite were used as the matrix for quantification. By using 2-ethylimidazole (2EI) as the internal standard, the amount of 4MI in C-cola was determined to range from 88 to 65 μg/355 mL. The results agree with the published value (approx. 72 μg/355 mL). It was found that MALDI using Fe 2 O 3 was applicable to the quantification of 4MI in C-cola.

EVALUASI PENERAPAN ABg (AKTIF BERBAGI SISTEM SEBAGAI UPAYA MENGURANGI ANGKA KECELAKAAN KERJA DI PT. COCA-COLA AMATIL INDONESIA CENTRAL JAVA

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Asep Alvan

2016-01-01

Full Text Available PT. Coca-Cola Amatil Indonesia Central Java (CCAI-CJ pada tahun 2013 telah menerapkan program ABg (Aktif Berbagi Sistem, pada tahun tersebut terdapat peningkatan kasus kecelakaan kerja di area kerja dari tahun sebelumnya sebanyak 2 kasus. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui gambaran evaluasi dan rekomendasi dari kendala-kendala dalam penerapan ABg Sistem sebagai upaya mengurangi angka kecelakaan kerja di PT. CCAI-CJ. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan menggunakan pendekatan etnografi. Teknik pengambilan sumber informasi yang digunakan adalah teknik snowball sampling, jumlah informan awal yaitu dua orang. Hasil penelitian didapatkan masih terdapat kendala dalam penerapan ABg Sistem yaitu: pelaksanaan pengawasan Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Kerja (K3 yang belum berjalan konsisten. Konsistensi penerapan peraturan dan prosedur K3 yang belum optimal serta adanya sanksi yang tidak sesuai dengan prosedur penerapan ABg Sistem. Kurangnya komunikasi antara manajemen dengan pekerja dan kurangnya pemahaman pekerja tentang informasi K3. Kurangnya keterlibatan pekerja dalam pelaporan kejadian kecelakaan/kondisi berbahaya. Saran yang dapat diberikan yaitu: konsistensi pelaksanaan pengawasan K3 sesuai prosedur, sanksi yang diberikan lebih baik berupa arahan bagi pekerja untuk dapat bekerja lebih aman, melakukan komunikasi kepada pekerja sesuai dengan prosedur komunikasi internal, diadakan peningkatan kompetensi melalui pelatihan awareness K3, serta dilakukan pelatihan mengenai prosedur pelaporan kecelakaan/kondisi berbahaya kepada pekerja. PT. Coca-Cola Amatil Indonesia Central Java (CCAI-CJ in 2013 has implemented ABg (Aktif Berbagi system program, there are two accident cases increase in 2013 at the working areas. The purpose of this study is to describe the evaluation and recommendation of the constraints in the implementation of ABg System as an effort to reduce the number of accidents in the workplace. This research design is a

Wine and Coca Cola: Serendipity and Entrepreneurial success

Science.gov (United States)

Wyatt, Philip

2007-03-01

Starting a new company from scratch depends critically on identifying a product for which there will be enough demand to generate a profit after a reasonable time period. Many start-ups nowadays obtain early Government grants or contracts (e. g. the so-called SBIR programs), but until such contracts begin (if ever!) to provide positive cash flow, a source of other funds become essential. Despite contracts, venture capital, and some friends willing to ``gamble,'' our first entrepreneurial venture ended not with a bang, but a whimper! We had chosen the wrong market. On the day before the company closed its doors, an unanticipated event occurred. We had opened a few bottles of wine for our final farewell but, as we began drinking, we decided to study their laser-scattering properties with our unappreciated and failed instrumentation. The resulting press coverage of a paper reporting that ``tasting'' was phenomenal, though it was published too late to save the company. Starting a second entrepreneurial venture was far more difficult as the first ``angels'' were nowhere to be found. A forgotten proposal by that failed first venture was suddenly funded providing, thereby, the means to start the second. As the second venture began, the success of the wine paper suggested that trying the same method with cola drinks might prove interesting. A new paper reporting on those results was immediately picked up by Applied Optics for an issue cover. At first, a particular cola manufacturer was not amused. However, it soon recognized the significance of laser scattering and began to contribute to the Company's support. Complemented by their largesse and the newly funded contract, the Company's instrumentation commercialization programs became sharply focused: refine the development and sale of a new type of absolute light scattering photometer incorporating a laser. We never looked back.

Process evaluation of knowledge transfer across industries: Leveraging Coca-Cola’s supply chain expertise for medicine availability in Tanzania

Science.gov (United States)

Yuan, Christina T.; Ahmed, Shirin; Cherlin, Emily; Talbert-Slagle, Kristina; Curry, Leslie A.

2017-01-01

Persistent gaps in the availability of essential medicines have slowed the achievement of global health targets. Despite the supply chain knowledge and expertise that ministries of health might glean from other industries, limited empirical research has examined the process of knowledge transfer from other industries into global public health. We examined a partnership designed to improve the availability of medical supplies in Tanzania by transferring knowledge from The Coca-Cola system to Tanzania’s Medical Stores Department (MSD). We conducted a process evaluation including in-depth interviews with 70 participants between July 2011 and May 2014, corresponding to each phase of the partnership, with focus on challenges and strategies to address them, as well as benefits perceived by partners. Partners faced challenges in (1) identifying relevant knowledge to transfer, (2) translating operational solutions from Coca-Cola to MSD, and (3) maintaining momentum between project phases. Strategies to respond to these challenges emerged through real-time problem solving and included (1) leveraging the receptivity of MSD leadership, (2) engaging a boundary spanner to identify knowledge to transfer, (3) promoting local recognition of commonalities across industries, (4) engaging external technical experts to manage translation activities, (5) developing tools with visible benefits for MSD, (6) investing in local relationships, and (7) providing time and space for the partnership model to evolve. Benefits of the partnership perceived by MSD staff included enhanced collaboration and communication, more proactive orientations in managing operations, and greater attention to performance management. Benefits perceived by Coca-Cola staff included strengthened knowledge transfer capability and enhanced job satisfaction. Linking theoretical constructs with practical experiences from the field, we highlight the challenges, emergent strategies, and perceived benefits of a

[Effects of coca chewing on the glucose tolerance test].

Science.gov (United States)

Galarza Guzmán, M; Peñaloza Imaña, R; Echalar Afcha, L; Aguilar Valerio, M; Spielvogel, H; Sauvain, M

1997-01-01

The effects of coca chewing on the glucose tolerance test were measured. The subjects were 14 habitual coca chewers and 14 non-chewers. All were of Aymara ancestry and came from a rural community from the "Altiplano" close to the city of La Paz. The coca users chewed coca leaves during 3 1/2 hours of the test. The non-chewers showed a significant hypoglycemia at 120 minutes of the test. This effect was not observed in the coca chewers. The hormonal counter-regulation response to hypoglycemia worked perfectly in non-chewers, since glucose levels reached normal values at 180 minutes of the test. These results suggest that coca chewers, at high altitude do not present hypoglycemia, due to an antagonic action of coca metabolites on insulin; allowing a greater availability of glucose in the organism. This would have a positive effect on metabolism in an environment of hypobaric hypoxia, known to lead to situations of hypoglycemia.

Child and adolescent exposure to food and beverage brand appearances during prime-time television programming.

Science.gov (United States)

Speers, Sarah E; Harris, Jennifer L; Schwartz, Marlene B

2011-09-01

The food industry disproportionately markets to young people through product placements. Children and adolescents may be more susceptible to these disguised persuasive attempts. Quantify incidence and youth exposure to food and beverage brand appearances within shows on prime-time TV. Data on the number of food, beverage, and restaurant brand appearances within shows during prime-time programming in 2008 were purchased from Nielsen and analyzed by product category and company in 2010. Exposure to these brand appearances by children, adolescents, and adults were examined and compared with exposure to prime-time TV advertisements for the same categories and companies using additional Nielsen data. Food, beverage, and restaurant brands appeared a total of 35,000 times within prime-time TV programming examined by Nielsen in 2008. Regular soft drinks, traditional restaurants (i.e., not quickserve), and energy/sports drinks made up 60% of all brand appearances. Young people viewed relatively few of these appearances with one notable exception. Coca-Cola products were seen 198 times by the average child and 269 times by the average adolescent during prime-time shows over the year, accounting for 70% of child exposure and 61% of adolescent exposure to brand appearances. One show, American Idol, accounted for more than 95% of these exposures. Exposure of children to Coca-Cola products through traditional advertisements was much less common. Brand appearances for most food industry companies, except for Coca-Cola, are relatively rare during prime-time programming with large youth audiences. Coca-Cola has pledged to refrain from advertising to children, yet the average child views almost four Coke appearances on prime-time TV every week. This analysis reveals a substantial, potential loophole in current food industry self-regulatory pledges to advertise only better-for-you foods to children. Copyright © 2011 American Journal of Preventive Medicine. Published by Elsevier Inc

Influência dos agentes clareadores e um refrigerante a base de cola na microdureza do esmalte dental e a ação da saliva na superfície tratada = Influence of bleaching agents and a carbonated soft drink on dental enamel microhardness as well as the artificial saliva effect on the treated surface

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Araújo, Rodrigo Maximo de

2006-01-01

Full Text Available O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os efeitos de três agentes clareadores e uma bebida carbonatada, à base de cola, sobre a microdureza do esmalte dental, assim como os efeitos da saliva artificial sobre o esmalte tratado com estes agentes. Foram utilizados quarenta dentes incisivos bovinos embutidos em resina acrílica. As amostras foram avaliadas em microdurômetro (Future Tech FM 700 após a divisão em quatro grupos, uma leitura inicial da microdureza serviu como controle do experimento: Grupo 1: peróxido de carbamida a 10% (Whiteness Perfect – FGM; Grupo 2: refrigerante Coca-Cola; Grupo 3: peróxido de carbamida a 37% (Whiteness Super – FGM; Grupo 4: peróxido de hidrogênio a 35% (Whiteness HP – FGM. Os dados foram submetidos aos testes estatísticos ANOVA e Tukey. Conclui-se que os agentes clareadores não diminuíram a microdureza do esmalte; a exposição à Coca-Cola diminuiu significantemente a microdureza do esmalte; o tempo de exposição aos agentes foi significante apenas para a Coca- Cola; o armazenamento em saliva aumentou a microdureza do esmalte exposto ao peróxido de carbamida a 37%; à Coca-Cola e ao peróxido de hidrogênio à 35%

Brief communication: effect of coca-leaf chewing on salivary progesterone assays.

Science.gov (United States)

Vitzthum, V J; von Dornum, M; Ellison, P T

1993-12-01

Although there is evidence for reduced fertility in Andean and Himalayan populations at higher altitudes, factors other than hypoxia may be primarily responsible. A valuable approach in the investigation of these fertility determinants is the use of salivary steroid assays. However, coca-leaf chewing--a ubiquitous practice among high altitude Andean populations--has negative consequences for the accurate measurement of ovarian steroids. This report evaluates the effects of coca-leaf chewing on assays of salivary progesterone. Study participants include naive and habitual users of coca leaf from La Paz and El Alto, Bolivia. Approximately 300 saliva samples were collected immediately before, during, and after coca-leaf chewing. The series includes samples with and without the alkaloid enhancer typically used by coca-leaf chewers. Coca chewing produces false salivary progesterone values that mimic luteal phase values. On the basis of this study, an appropriate protocol is developed for the collection of salivary samples in coca-leaf chewing populations. These results verify the feasibility of salivary assays, even for very difficult field conditions, and highlight the necessity of establishing suitable collection procedures before full field implementation of saliva sampling.

Does taste matter? How anticipation of cola brands influences gustatory processing in the brain.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Simone Kühn

Full Text Available Brands surround us everywhere in daily life. Here we investigate the influences of brand cues on gustatory processing of the same beverage. Participants were led to believe that the brand that announced the administration of a Cola mixture provided correct information about the drink to come. We found stronger fMRI signal in right mOFC during weak compared to strong brand cues in a contrast of parametric modulation with subjective liking. When directly comparing the two strong brands cues, more activation in the right amygdala was found for Coca Cola cues compared with Pepsi Cola cues. During the taste phase the same beverage elicited stronger activation in left ventral striatum when it was previously announced by a strong compared with a weak brand. This effect was stronger in participants who drink Cola infrequently and might therefore point to a stronger reliance on brand cues in less experienced consumers. The present results reveal strong effects of brand labels on neural responses signalling reward.

Does taste matter? How anticipation of cola brands influences gustatory processing in the brain.

Science.gov (United States)

Kühn, Simone; Gallinat, Jürgen

2013-01-01

Brands surround us everywhere in daily life. Here we investigate the influences of brand cues on gustatory processing of the same beverage. Participants were led to believe that the brand that announced the administration of a Cola mixture provided correct information about the drink to come. We found stronger fMRI signal in right mOFC during weak compared to strong brand cues in a contrast of parametric modulation with subjective liking. When directly comparing the two strong brands cues, more activation in the right amygdala was found for Coca Cola cues compared with Pepsi Cola cues. During the taste phase the same beverage elicited stronger activation in left ventral striatum when it was previously announced by a strong compared with a weak brand. This effect was stronger in participants who drink Cola infrequently and might therefore point to a stronger reliance on brand cues in less experienced consumers. The present results reveal strong effects of brand labels on neural responses signalling reward.

Especies vegetales empleadas en la insalivación de hojas de “coca” (Erythroxylum coca var. Coca, Erythroxylaceae

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Norma I. Hilgert

2000-01-01

Full Text Available Hilgert, N. I. 2000. Especies vegetales empleadas en la insalivación de hojas de “coca”(Erythroxylum coca var. coca, Erythroxylaceae. Darwiniana 38(3-4: 241-252.El estudio se desarrolló en comunidades campesinas de la selva nublada, en la alta cuenca del ríoBermejo, Provincia de Salta, Argentina con el objeto de documentar el uso de plantas involucradas en laelaboración de “yista”. “Yista” es el nombre asignado a las sustancias alcalinas utilizadas durante lainsalivación de hojas de coca (Erythroxylum coca Lam. var. coca. Para la obtención de la “yista” lasplantas seleccionadas deben ser incineradas. Se registraron veintisiete especies nativas y cinco exóticasempleadas, en el presente o en el pasado, para preparar “yista”. Se mencionan los nombres científicos yvulgares y las porciones de la planta utilizadas, y la comunidad donde se registró el uso. Se describe eilustra el modo de preparar “yista”

78 FR 38944 - Lemon Juice From Mexico: Final Results of Full Sunset Review of the Suspended Antidumping Duty...

Science.gov (United States)

2013-06-28

... party and the respondent interested parties, The Coca-Cola Company and its subsidiary, The Coca-Cola....10 percent for The Coca-Cola Export Corporation, Mexico Branch, 205.37 percent for Citrotam...

Karastusjoogihiid võib Eestile selja pöörata / Virge Lahe, Artur Tooman

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Lahe, Virge

2008-01-01

Coca-Cola kolib kulude optimeerimiseks oma tootmise Tallinnast Lätti. Vt. samas: Õlletehas jätkab Sakus; Farmaatsiatehas võib kolida Riiga; Coca-Cola Hellenic. Diagramm: Coca-Cola majandusnäitajad

Pieprasījuma veicināšanas iespējas „Coca – Cola HBC Latvia” uzņēmumā krīzes apstākļos

OpenAIRE

Petjukeviča, Tatjana

2010-01-01

Bakalaura darba mērķis ir izpētot Latvijas bezalkoholisku dzērienu nozares attīstības tendences un vadošo uzņēmuma menedžmentu, atrast pieprasījuma veicināšanas iespējas „Coca-Cola HBC Latvia” uzņēmuma produkcijai krīzes apstākļos. Šis uzņēmums ir viens no Latvijas vadošajiem uzņēmumiem bezalkoholisko dzērienu tirdzniecībā, tomēr krīze negatīvi ietekmēja uz tā neto apgrozījuma izmaiņām, tāpēc ir nepieciešams izstrādāt vairākus pasākumus pieprasījuma veicināšanai šā uzņēmuma produkcijai. Darba...

Perceptions and Knowledge of Caffeinated Energy Drinks: Results of Focus Groups With Canadian Youth.

Science.gov (United States)

McCrory, Cassondra; White, Christine M; Bowman, Carolyn; Fenton, Nancy; Reid, Jessica L; Hammond, David

2017-04-01

To examine use, knowledge, and perceptions of caffeinated energy drinks (CEDs) among youth. Qualitative research using focus group discussions (n = 4). Two Canadian cities (Toronto and Montreal). Youth aged 12-18 years (n = 41). Perceived definitions of CEDs, reasons for use, knowledge of health effects, use with alcohol, marketing perceptions, and use and understanding of cautionary statements on packaging. Data were analyzed using a modified grounded-theory approach. Youth identified CEDs as products that provide energy and contain caffeine and sugar. Compared with mainstream CED brands and energy shots, youth were less likely to perceive Gatorade, Coca-Cola, and a Starbucks beverage as energy drinks, despite some ambiguity. The majority of participants believed that CEDs, including mixed with alcohol, were not necessarily harmful in moderation and that marketing was targeted toward older youth and young adults. Awareness of cautionary statements on CEDs was low; cautionary statements were perceived as difficult to find and read owing to the design and small font. Findings suggest a need to increase public education regarding the potential risks of CED consumption, including enhancements to the mandated cautionary statements, with greater attention to the impact of CED marketing on youth. Copyright © 2016 Society for Nutrition Education and Behavior. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Valuation of brands and intellectual capital

OpenAIRE

Fernández, Pablo

2002-01-01

In this paper we review several methods used for valuing brands. Among them, those of Interbrand, Damodaran, Financial World, Houlihan Valuation Advisors, Market Facts, Young & Rubicam and CDB Research & Consulting. In particular, we analyze in depth the valuations of Kellogg's and Coca-Cola performed by Damodaran and the method proposed by Interbrand. Damodaran valued the Coca-Cola brand at 24.6 billion dollars in 1993 and at 102.6 billion dollars in 1998. In recent years, a lot has been sai...

77 FR 75998 - Lemon Juice from Mexico: Preliminary Results of Full Sunset Review of the Suspended Antidumping...

Science.gov (United States)

2012-12-26

... interested party and the respondent interested parties, The Coca-Cola Company and its subsidiary, The Coca-Cola Export Corporation, Mexico Branch (collectively, ``TCCC'') and Procimart Citrus (``Procimart.../Exporter CHED H= 1 >Weighted-Average Margin (percent) The Coca-Cola Export Corporation, Mexico Branch 146...

[Successful Removal of Hard Sigmoid Fecaloma Using Endoscopic Cola Injection].

Science.gov (United States)

Lee, Jong Jin; Kim, Jeong Wook

2015-07-01

Colorectal fecaloma is hardening of feces into lumps of varying size that is much harder in consistency than a fecal impaction. Complications of colorectal fecaloma include ulceration, bleeding, perforation and obstruction of the colon. Most fecalomas are successfully removed by conservative treatment with laxatives, enemas and rectal evacuation to relieve fecal impaction. When conservative treatments have failed, a surgical intervention may be needed. Herein, we report a case of 4.7 cm sized sigmoid fecaloma showing no response to conservative treatments that was successfully removed by endoscopic fragmentation with Coca-Cola injection instead of surgery.

Simultaneous analysis of aspartame and its hydrolysis products of Coca-Cola Zero by on-line postcolumn derivation fluorescence detection and ultraviolet detection coupled two-dimensional high-performance liquid chromatography.

Science.gov (United States)

Cheng, Cheanyeh; Wu, Shing-Chen

2011-05-20

An innovative two-dimensional high-performance liquid chromatography system was developed for the simultaneous analysis of aspartame and its hydrolysis products of Coca-Cola Zero. A C8 reversed-phase chromatographic column with ultraviolet detection was used as the first dimension for the determination of aspartame, and a ligand-exchange chromatographic column with on-line postcolumn derivation fluorescence detection was employed as the second dimension for the analysis of amino acid enantiomers. The fluorimetric derivative reagent of amino acid enantiomers was o-phthaldialdehyde. The hydrolysis of aspartame in Coca-Cola Zero was induced by electric-heating or microwave heating. Aspartame was quantified by the matrix matched external standard calibration curve with a linear concentration range of 0-50 μg mL(-1) (r(2)=0.9984). The limit of detection (LOD) and the limit of quantification (LOQ) were 1.3 μg mL(-1) and 4.3 μg mL(-1), respectively. The amino acid enantiomers was analyzed by the matrix matched internal standard calibration method (D-leucine as the internal standard) with a linear concentration range of 0-10 μg mL(-1) (r(2)=0.9988-0.9997). The LODs and LOQs for L- and D-aspartic acid and L- and D-phenylalanine were 0.16-0.17 μg mL(-1) and 0.52-0.55 μg mL(-1), respectively, that was 12-13 times more sensitive than ultraviolet detection. The overall analysis accuracy for aspartame and amino acid enantiomers was 90.2-99.2% and 90.4-96.2%, respectively. The overall analysis precision for aspartame and amino acid enantiomers was 0.1-1.7% and 0.5-6.7%, respectively. Generally, the extent of aspartame hydrolysis increases with the increase of electro-thermal temperature, microwave power, and the duration of hydrolysis time. D-aspartic acid and D-phenylalanine can be observed with the electro-thermal racemization at the hydrolysis temperature 120°C for 1 day and only D-aspartic acid can be observed at the hydrolysis temperature 90°C for 2 and 3 days. For

In Vivo and In Vitro Genotoxic and Epigenetic Effects of Two Types of Cola Beverages and Caffeine: A Multiassay Approach

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Marcos Mateo-Fernández

2016-01-01

Full Text Available The aim of this work was to assess the biological and food safety of two different beverages: Classic Coca Cola™ (CCC and Caffeine-Free Coca Cola (CFCC. To this end, we determined the genotoxicological and biological effects of different doses of lyophilised CCC and CFCC and Caffeine (CAF, the main distinctive constituent. Their toxic/antitoxic, genotoxic/antigenotoxic, and chronic toxicity (lifespan assay effects were determined in vivo using the Drosophila model. Their cytotoxic activities were determined using the HL-60 in vitro cancer model. In addition, clastogenic DNA toxicity was measured using internucleosomal fragmentation and SCGE assays. Their epigenetic effects were assessed on the HL-60 methylation status using some repetitive elements. The experimental results showed a slight chemopreventive effect of the two cola beverages against HL-60 leukaemia cells, probably mediated by nonapoptotic mechanisms. Finally, CCC and CAF induced a global genome hypomethylation evaluated in LINE-1 and Alu M1 repetitive elements. Overall, we demonstrated for the first time the safety of this famous beverage in in vivo and in vitro models.

In Vivo and In Vitro Genotoxic and Epigenetic Effects of Two Types of Cola Beverages and Caffeine: A Multiassay Approach.

Science.gov (United States)

Mateo-Fernández, Marcos; Merinas-Amo, Tania; Moreno-Millán, Miguel; Alonso-Moraga, Ángeles; Demyda-Peyrás, Sebastián

2016-01-01

The aim of this work was to assess the biological and food safety of two different beverages: Classic Coca Cola™ (CCC) and Caffeine-Free Coca Cola (CFCC). To this end, we determined the genotoxicological and biological effects of different doses of lyophilised CCC and CFCC and Caffeine (CAF), the main distinctive constituent. Their toxic/antitoxic, genotoxic/antigenotoxic, and chronic toxicity (lifespan assay) effects were determined in vivo using the Drosophila model. Their cytotoxic activities were determined using the HL-60 in vitro cancer model. In addition, clastogenic DNA toxicity was measured using internucleosomal fragmentation and SCGE assays. Their epigenetic effects were assessed on the HL-60 methylation status using some repetitive elements. The experimental results showed a slight chemopreventive effect of the two cola beverages against HL-60 leukaemia cells, probably mediated by nonapoptotic mechanisms. Finally, CCC and CAF induced a global genome hypomethylation evaluated in LINE-1 and Alu M1 repetitive elements. Overall, we demonstrated for the first time the safety of this famous beverage in in vivo and in vitro models.

Gestion de l’eau, privatisation et droits

OpenAIRE

2018-01-01

I. Les femmes du Kerala contre Coca-Cola Vandana Shiva« Les femmes du Kerala contre Coca-Cola », Le Monde diplomatique, mars 2005, pp. 20-21 Expulsé en 1977 par le gouvernement, Coca-Cola a repris pied en Inde le 23 octobre 1993, au moment même où Pepsi-Cola s’y implantait. Les deux entreprises possèdent 90 « usines d’embouteillage » qui sont en réalité… des « usines de pompage » : 52 unités appartiennent à Coca-Cola et 38 à Pepsi-Cola. Chacune extrait entre 1 million et 1,5 million de litres...

Iron supplementation reduces the erosive potential of a cola drink on enamel and dentin in situ.

Science.gov (United States)

Kato, Melissa Thiemi; Buzalaf, Marília Afonso Rabelo

2012-01-01

Iron has been suggested to reduce the erosive potential of cola drinks in vitro. The aim of this study was to evaluate in situ the effect of ferrous sulfate supplementation on the inhibition of the erosion caused by a cola drink. Ten adult volunteers participated in a crossover protocol conducted in two phases of 5 days, separated by a washout period of 7 days. In each phase, they wore palatal devices containing two human enamel and two human dentin blocks. The volunteers immersed the devices for 5 min in 150 mL of cola drink (Coca-ColaTM, pH 2.6), containing ferrous sulfate (10 mmol/L) or not (control), 4 times per day. The effect of ferrous sulfate on the inhibition of erosion was evaluated by profilometry (wear). Data were analyzed by paired t tests (pcola drinks with ferrous sulfate can be a good alternative for the reduction of their erosive potential. Additional studies should be done to test if lower ferrous sulfate concentrations can also have a protective effect as well as the combination of ferrous sulfate with other ions.

21 CFR 582.20 - Essential oils, oleoresins (solvent-free), and natural extractives (including distillates).

Science.gov (United States)

2010-04-01

.... Clover Trifolium spp. Coca (decocainized) Erythroxylum coca Lam. and other spp. of Erythroxylum. Coffee Coffea spp. Cola nut Cola acuminata Schott and Endl., and other spp. of Cola. Coriander Coriandrum... Cola acuminata Schott and Endl., and other spp. of Cola. Laurel berries Laurus nobilis L. Laurel leaves...

Redesigning Acquisition Processes: A New Methodology Based on the Flow of Knowledge and Information

Science.gov (United States)

2001-07-01

their audiences and, in the process of doing so, manage to make a profit. The Value of Information One interesting aspect of information is that it has...different nature of the attributes above in a business context. The “corporate war” between Coca-Cola and Pepsi in the 1980s was largely one of product...differentiation (Ramsey, 1987). Both Coca-Cola and Pepsi tried to increase their shares of the “cola” soft drink market by launching new differentiated

“Eu odeio Coca-Cola”: uma análise netnográfica sobre o discurso antimarca da comunidade virtual do orkut

OpenAIRE

Abdalla, Márcio Moutinho; Universidade Federal Fluminense; Bravo, Igor Garcia; Universidade Federal Fluminense

2011-01-01

It is evident broad organizational concerns regarding the management and maintenance of their brands. Retaliatory and repudiation action against product and services brands are shown as imposing barriers to be implemented by organizations. Thus, this study aims to deepen understanding of the subject by analyzing the speech of members of the virtual community antibrand "eu odeio coca-cola (I hate Coke)" in Orkut social network, besides seeking the motivations that led these members to express...

Influence of various acidic beverages on tooth erosion. Evaluation by a new method.

Science.gov (United States)

Zimmer, Stefan; Kirchner, Georg; Bizhang, Mozhgan; Benedix, Mathias

2015-01-01

We have analyzed the loss of enamel and dentine after exposure to different non-alcoholic drinks with a simple new method using bovine teeth. 100 enamel and 100 dentine specimens from freshly extracted bovine incisors were randomly attributed to 10 groups (n=10 for enamel and dentine each). Prior to the start of the experiment all specimens were weighed using a precision balance. The mean initial masses (SD) were 35.8 mg (7.2) for enamel and 24.7 mg (7.0) for dentine. No statistically significant differences were found between groups for initial masses (p>0.05, ANOVA with Bonferroni post hoc test). Thereafter, all specimens of one group were simultaneously placed in 200 ml of the following fluids: Coca-Cola, Coca-Cola light, Sprite, apple juice, Red Bull, orange juice, Bonaqua Fruits (Mango-Acai), tap water, chlorinated swimming pool water, and lemon juice. Fluids were continuously ventilated at 37° C for 7 days. Thereafter the specimens were weighed again and the mean mass loss was calculated. The values were (enamel/dentine): Coca-Cola 7.5 mg/6.6 mg; Coca-Cola light 5.2 mg/3.5 mg, Sprite 26.1 mg/17.7 mg, apple juice 27.1 mg/15.2 mg, Red Bull 16.6 mg/17.0 mg, orange juice 24.3 mg/20.2 mg, Bonaqua Fruits (Mango-Acai) 17.8 mg/16.2 mg, tap water -0.2 mg/-0.3 mg, swimming pool water -0.3 mg/-0.2 mg, and lemon juice 32.0 mg/28.3 mg. From all drinks, Cola and Cola light showed the least erosivity (pCoca-Cola light. The findings from the present study should be taken into account in choosing a diet that provides satisfactory nutrition while minimizing tooth erosion.

Propuesta de un modelo ecosistémico para la cadena productiva de la coca con fines alternativos en Colombia

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Alexandra Montoya-Restrepo

2018-01-01

Full Text Available La investigación tuvo como objetivo proponer una alternativa socioeconómica para la producción de hoja de coca en Colombia. Metodología: A partir de las propiedades industriales de la planta y sus usos ancestrales se propone la utilización del modelo de integración organizacional para el apoyo de los actuales cultivadores que tienen como único sustento este sistema productivo, ilícito en el país, pero que encuentran en peligro real de perder su capacidad productiva. Resultados: estudios actuales han determinado propiedades industriales farmacéuticas y agrícolas de la planta, con lo cual se puede realizar una integración empresarial. Conclusiones: A partir del modelo propuesto, es posible encontrar alternativas para la solución del cultivo ilícito de hoja de coca en el país, con un modelo de encadenamiento organizacional y productivo.

The use of coca: prehistory, history, and ethnography.

Science.gov (United States)

Stolberg, Victor B

2011-01-01

The purpose of this article is to review the use of the natural mild stimulant coca, which is a story that originates with the prehistory of coca, evolves through its following historical uses, and leads up to the eventual development of cocaine. This discussion will begin with the botanical background of the coca plant, followed by a review of some of the prehistoric, historic and ethnographic evidence of coca use, which indicates the extensive antiquity and pervasiveness of coca use in South and Central America. The diverse roles that coca played among the Inca and other indigenous peoples led to the early adoption of coca in the West and, in turn, to the resultant discovery of cocaine and its assorted early applications, particularly for medicinal purposes. Copyright © Taylor & Francis Group, LLC

Effect of pH and comedication on gastrointestinal absorption of posaconazole: monitoring of intraluminal and plasma drug concentrations.

Science.gov (United States)

Walravens, Jeroen; Brouwers, Joachim; Spriet, Isabel; Tack, Jan; Annaert, Pieter; Augustijns, Patrick

2011-11-01

Posaconazole (Noxafil®) is an extended-spectrum triazole antifungal agent for prevention and treatment of invasive fungal infections. An inadequate dietary intake and abnormal gastric pH levels are common in critically ill patients receiving antifungal treatment with posaconazole, resulting in unpredictable bioavailability and sub-therapeutic plasma concentrations. This study was carried out to elucidate the impact of pH on posaconazole absorption and to explore the underlying mechanisms of enhanced intestinal absorption when coadministering an acidic carbonated beverage. In contrast to previously published studies, in which only plasma concentrations were determined, we also explored the gastric and intestinal behaviour of posaconazole after a single oral dose. A crossover study was performed in five healthy subjects. A single dose (10 mL) of posaconazole suspension (40 mg/mL) was administered orally in four different conditions: with 330 mL of water (condition 1); with 330 mL of a cola beverage [Coca-Cola®] (condition 2); with 330 mL of water following intake of the proton pump inhibitor esomeprazole 40 mg once daily for 3 days (condition 3); or with 330 mL of Coca-Cola® following intake of esomeprazole 40 mg once daily for 3 days (condition 4). After administration, gastrointestinal fluid and plasma samples were collected at regular time points, and posaconazole concentrations were determined. Compared with administration with water, coadministration of Coca-Cola® did not alter the pH of the intraluminal environment but did significantly increase posaconazole gastric concentrations (+102%; p Coca-Cola® and prolonged gastric residence. Coadministration of esomeprazole led to an increased gastric pH, which was accompanied by decreased posaconazole absorption; the mean plasma and gastric area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) values decreased by 37% and 84%, respectively. Simultaneous intake of Coca-Cola® could not completely compensate for the

21 CFR 182.20 - Essential oils, oleoresins (solvent-free), and natural extractives (including distillates).

Science.gov (United States)

2010-04-01

... (clary sage) Salvia sclarea L. Clover Trifolium spp. Coca (decocainized) Erythroxylum coca Lam. and other spp. of Erythroxylum. Coffee Coffea spp. Cola nut Cola acuminata Schott and Endl., and other spp. of Cola. Coriander Coriandrum sativum L. Cumin (cummin) Cuminum cyminum L. Curacao orange peel (orange...

Economic Conflict and National Security Research

Science.gov (United States)

1977-02-22

increases in oil prices and what the next budget was likely to be. Then, since he is from Atlanta where the Coca - Cola Company is located, he would go see...the local Coca - Cola representative and ask him similar questions. Governor Carter found that invariably the Coca - Cola representative knew a lot more...military attack. The OPEC em- bargo of 1973-74 is a conspicuous example, but is by no means the only one. The sponsorship of transnational terrorists

Fiebre del oro blanco: la cocaína

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Iván Marín Argüello

1999-12-01

Full Text Available La planta de coca, Erythroxylon coca es cultivada en la zona occidental de América del Sur exigiendo condiciones de suelo muy particulares. La mezcla de las hojas de cocaína con sustancias químicas origina un polvo cristalino blanco, conocido comúnmente como cocaína. Al producto obtenido del tratamiento de la cocaína con solventes se le denomina crack. El consumo de cocaína, las formas de administración más diversas y el estado fisiológico logrado por los usuarios, es denominado flash 0 high Los efectos neuro-fisiológicos son muy variados, provocando sobre todo un fuerte estímulo al Sistema Nervioso Central (SNC, producto de la liberación de dopamina en las terminaciones nerviosas.

77 FR 273 - Combined Notice of Filings #1

Science.gov (United States)

2012-01-04

... Numbers: QF12-120-000. Applicants: The Coca-Cola Company. Description: Form 556--Notice of self-certification of qualifying cogeneration facility status of The Coca-Cola Company. Filed Date: 12/21/2011...

Atividades Marcárias como Recursos de Elaboração da Face em Comunidades Virtuais de Marca: Análise de uma Comunidade Virtual de Consumidores Da Coca-Cola

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

André Luiz Maranhão de Souza Leão

2010-10-01

Full Text Available As relações interpessoais sofreram mudanças expressivas após a inserção da internet na vida social. Deste contexto, podemos destacar as comunidades virtuais e, mais especificamente, comunidades virtuais de marcas. Assumindo que o “eu” seja uma construção social promovida nas interações sociais, este estudo objetiva analisar o comportamento verbal de participantes de comunidades virtuais de marcas em relação a estas como meio de elaboração de suas faces (Goffman, 2006. Neste sentido, assumimos a noção de o que e como dizemos as coisas são comportamentos sociais (Austin, 1990 e utilizamos o conceito de “atividades marcárias”, desenvolvido por Leão e Mello (2009. Para tal, selecionamos uma comunidade de consumidores da Coca-Cola como terreno investigativo, onde realizamos uma “netnografia da comunicação”, suportada por uma análise de discurso funcional. Por fim, aspectos teóricos e práticos são considerados. DOI: 10.5585/remark.v9i2.2168

Efectos cardiovasculares de la cocaína

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ubier Gómez

2001-04-01

Full Text Available

La cocaína es un alcaloide derivado de la planta de coca, la cual es nativa de Sur América. Hay datos arqueológicos de esta planta desde 300 años a. C. en los cuales se encontró la primera prueba del uso de coca en humanos. En este tiempo la coca fue reconocida por su habilidad de producir energía, quitar la fatiga y disminuir el hambre.
La cocaína es la droga ilícita más usada después de la marihuana. La
frecuencia es mayor en hombres entre los 18-25 años.
En los años 70 y 80 con el desarrollo del freebase y el crack se revolucionó el uso de esta droga, proporcionando una forma que podría ser fumada.
Los síntomas que relatan los pacientes que usan cocaína son principalmente en el sistema cardiovascular; otros son neurológicos,
pulmonares, gastrointestinales, etc.

Modificaciones psicológicas y fisiológicas producidas por la coca y la cocaína en los coqueros

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Vicente Zapata Ortiz

1944-06-01

Full Text Available Se ha estudiado el efecto de la cocaína y de la coca en sujetos no habituados y habituados a la coca. Los resultados son los siguientes: 1. En los sujetos no habituados la cocaína produce un moderado retardo del tiempo de reacción sensorial para estímulos auditivos, a las dosis de 0.5, 1 y 1.5 mgrs. por kilo de peso corporal. 2. En los sujetos no habituados a la cocaína disminuye el tiempo de ejecución del test de Valdizán para el estudio de la atención (en el 88 % de los casos, pero aumenta el número de errores en más del 50 % de los Casos estudiados. 3. Sobre los sujetos habituados o coqueros la coca y la cocaína (de 4 a 6 mlgr. por kg. de peso retardan el tiempo de reacción sensorial para estímulos auditivos. 4. En el 91 % de los coqueros estudiados la coca disminuye el tiempo de ejecución del test de Valdizán y en el 63% disminuyen los errores. 5. Sobre los sujetos habituados, la coca durante el coqueo produce elevación de temperatura (que puede llegar a estados subfebriles, aumento del pulso, presión arterial y reflejos tendinosos; leve aumento de la respiración; modificaciones del reflejo óculo-cardiaco de carácter parasimpaticotónico en la mayoría, y de carácter simpaticotónico en muy pocos casos.

A prospective randomized trial on the use of Coca-Cola Zero(®) vs water for polyethylene glycol bowel preparation before colonoscopy.

Science.gov (United States)

Seow-En, I; Seow-Choen, F

2016-07-01

The study aimed to determine whether Coca-Cola (Coke) Zero is a safe and effective solvent for polyethylene glycol (PEG). Between December 2013 and April 2014, 209 healthy adults (115 men, 95 women) scheduled for elective colonoscopy were randomized to use either Coke Zero (n = 100) or drinking water (n = 109) with PEG as bowel preparation. Each patient received two sachets of PEG to dissolve in 2 l of solvent, to be completed 6 h before colonoscopy. Serum electrolytes were measured before and after preparation. Bowel cleanliness and colonoscopy findings were recorded. Palatability of solution, adverse effects, time taken to complete and willingness to repeat the preparation were documented via questionnaire. Mean palatability scores in the Coke Zero group were significantly better compared with the control group (2.31 ± 0.61 vs 2.51 ± 0.63, P = 0.019), with a higher proportion willing to use the same preparation again (55% vs 43%). The mean time taken to complete the PEG + Coke Zero solution was significantly faster (74 ± 29 min vs 86 ± 31 min, P = 0.0035). The quality of bowel cleansing was also significantly better in the Coke Zero group (P = 0.0297). There was no difference in the frequency of adverse events (P = 0.759) or the polyp detection rate (32% vs 31.2%). Consumption of either preparation did not significantly affect electrolyte levels or hydration status. Coke Zero is a useful alternative solvent for PEG. It is well tolerated, more palatable, leads to quicker consumption of the bowel preparation and results in better quality cleansing. Colorectal Disease © 2015 The Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland.

Communication Among Incident Responders-A Study

Science.gov (United States)

2012-09-01

Determine If More Teams Prefer Water or Coca - Cola 5 2.3.1 Description 5 2.3.2 Results 6 2.3.3 Analysis 7 2.4 Task #4: Complete Email Message...participating in this study: <REDACTED> Please determine whether more of these teams prefer Coca - Cola or Water to drink with dinner. Please...needs to express a preference for either water or Coca - Cola . We also did not describe how teams should communicate and tally votes in order to answer our

COCA Commentary

Centers for Disease Control (CDC) Podcasts

COCA Commentary podcasts are designed to be an educational resource for healthcare providers. This podcast series provides current information on emerging health threats, emergency preparedness and response topics, and CDC clinical guidance.

75 FR 16843 - Prohibited Transaction Exemptions Grant of Individual Exemptions Involving: 2010-09, Ivy Asset...

Science.gov (United States)

2010-04-02

..., Deutsche Bank AG and Its Affiliates, D-11518; 2010-11, The Coca-Cola Company (TCCC), D-11555 AGENCY... Department, telephone (202) 693-8553. (This is not a toll-free number.) The Coca-Cola Company (TCCC) Located...

Erosive Effect of Different Soft Drinks on Enamel Surface in vitro: Application of Stylus Profilometry.

Science.gov (United States)

Barac, Radomir; Gasic, Jovanka; Trutic, Natasa; Sunaric, Slavica; Popovic, Jelena; Djekic, Petar; Radenkovic, Goran; Mitic, Aleksandar

2015-01-01

To assess the erosive potential of various soft drinks by measuring initial pH and titratable acidity (TA) and to evaluate enamel surface roughness using different exposure times. The initial pH of the soft drinks (group 1: Coca-Cola; group 2: orange juice; group 3: Cedevita; group 4: Guarana, and group 5: strawberry yoghurt) was measured using a pH meter, and TA was measured by titration with NaOH. Enamel samples (n = 96), cut from unerupted human third molars, were randomly assigned to 6 groups: experimental (groups 1-5) and control (filtered saliva). The samples were exposed to 50 ml of soft drinks for 15, 30 and 60 min, 3 times daily, during 10 days. Between immersions, the samples were kept in filtered saliva. Enamel surface roughness was measured by diamond stylus profilometer using the following roughness parameters: Ra, Rq, Rz, and Ry. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA, Tukey's post hoc and Student-Newman-Keuls post hoc tests. The pH values of the soft drinks ranged from 2.52 (Guarana) to 4.21 (strawberry yoghurt). Orange juice had the highest TA, requiring 5.70 ml of NaOH to reach pH 7.0, whereas Coca-Cola required only 1.87 ml. Roughness parameters indicated that Coca-Cola had the strongest erosion potential during the 15 min of exposure, while Coca-Cola and orange juice were similar during 30- and 60-min exposures. There were no significant differences related to all exposure times between Guarana and Cedevita. Strawberry yoghurt did not erode the enamel surface regardless of the exposure time. All of the tested soft drinks except yoghurt were erosive. Erosion of the enamel surfaces exposed to Coca-Cola, orange juice, Cedevita, and Guarana was directly proportional to the exposure time. © 2015 S. Karger AG, Basel.

Sinter recrystalization and properties evaluation of glass-ceramic from waste glass bottle and magnesite for extended application

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

As'mau Ibrahim Gebi

2016-12-01

Full Text Available In a bid to address environmental challenges associated with the management of waste Coca cola glass bottle, this study set out to develop glass ceramic materials using waste coca cola glass bottles and magnesite from Sakatsimta in Adamawa state. A reagent grade chrome (coloring agent were used to modify the composition of the coca cola glass bottle;  X-ray fluorescence(XRF, X-ray diffraction (XRD and Thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA were used to characterize raw materials, four batches GC-1= Coca cola glass frit +1%Cr2O3, GC-2=97% Coca cola glass frit+ 2% magnesite+1%Cr2O3, GC-3=95% Coca cola glass frit+ 4%magnesite+1%Cr2O3, GC-4=93%Coca cola glass frit+ 6%magnesite+ 1%Cr2O3 were formulated and prepared. Thermal Gradient Analysis (TGA results were used as a guide in selection of three temperatures (7000C, 7500C and 8000C used for the study, three particle sizes -106+75, -75+53, -53µm and 2 hr sintering time were also used, the sinter crystallization route of glass ceramic production was adopted. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM, the density, porosity, hardness and flexural strength of the resulting glass ceramics were also measured. The resulting glass ceramic materials composed mainly of wollastonite, diopside and anorthite phases depending on composition as indicated by XRD and SEM, the density of the samples increased with increasing sintering temperature and decreasing particle size. The porosity is minimal and it decreases with increasing sintering temperature and decreasing particle size. The obtained glass ceramic materials possess appreciable hardness and flexural strength with GC-3 and GC-4 having the best combination of both properties.

PENINGKATAN PENGENDALIAN KUALITAS MELALUI METODE LEAN SIX SIGMA

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Purnawan Adi Wicaksono

2017-09-01

Full Text Available PT. Coca-Cola Amatil Indonesia (PT. CCAI merupakan perusahaan yang bergerak di bidang minuman ringan dalam kemasan. Perusahaan ini menjadi pusat produksi produk Coca-Cola regional Jawa Tengah. Berbagai macam produk seperti Coca-Cola, Fanta, Sprite, Minute Maid dan Frestea diproduksi demi memenuhi kebutuhan pelanggan. Produk-produk tersebut tentunya tidak terlepas dari permasalahan produk cacat, dimana dalam produksinya terdapat produk yang tidak sesuai dengan standar ketetapan produk. Secara umum, produk cacat PT.CCAI dibagi menjadi tiga tipe, yakni cap, cap quality, dan underfill. Dari hasil analisis yang dilakukan, produk Coca-Cola 1000 ml memiliki jumlah cacat yang paling besar, yakni 0,49%. Penyebab terbesar dari terjadinya cacat produk pada produk Coca-Cola 1000 ml adalah underfill, dimana volume dari produk yang dihasilkan tidak sesuai dengan batas minimal. Permasalahan tersebut diselesaikan menggunakan konsep Lean Six Sigma dengan menggunakan tools diagram Pareto dan diagram tulang ikan. Dari hasil analisis menggunakan tools tersebut, PT. CCAI Semarang  disarankan untuk memberikan pelatihan-pelatihan mengenai manajemen waktu pada karyawan-karyawannya, terutama pada karyawan-karyawan baru. Selain itu, PT. CCAI Semarang harus  juga melakukan pengecekan mesin yang lebih rutin dan lebih memperhatikan lingkungan area produksi.

Knowledge, Interest, and Value of Youth Zoo Visitors

Science.gov (United States)

Burris, Alexandra M.

In the face of massive global extinction, the mission of zoos for conservation education has increasing importance. Zoos are in a unique position to affect the development of youth in ways that are consistent with cultivating pro-environmental behaviors. The purpose of this study was to examine three intrinsic traits of youth important to the goals of conservation education: knowledge about animals, interest in animals, and value for animals. In particular, I explored the relationship between these three traits and the utterances and behaviors of youth zoo visitors during their visit. Using an embedded correlational data transformation mixed methods design, this study examined the experiences of 37 youth attending the zoo. Data collection sources included a drawing activity meant to assess the knowledge of youth about animals, Likert-type questionnaires meant to assess the youth's interest and value, and a semi-structured interview meant to ascertain critical moments from the youth's visit. The results of these instruments were paired with extensive video data of the youth's entire zoo visit. Results of the study indicated that youth organize their knowledge about animals around ecological and morphological concepts and that this forms the basis for their value of animals. The knowledge, interest, and value of youth zoo visitors did seem to correlate with some utterances and behaviors in the zoo, but learning talk was rare. Results also indicated that certain critical moments during the youth's visit were social in nature and centered on the behaviors of animals. These moments may be the most promising for influencing the development of knowledge, interest, and value. The discussion and implications sections of the study focus on the practical use of the findings for zoo education. The study points to the importance of studying intrinsic traits of youth as well as the important influences of the social and physical context on the development of these traits during

Hamburger, lit and coca-cola Hamburger, lit and coca-cola

OpenAIRE

Leslie Fiedler

2008-01-01

What I would like to do today is begin by talking a little while about something I had on my mind, but still remains unspoken, including a few words about my next to the last book Freaks and the book that will probably be called "What Was Literature". After I finish talking about those things for a short time I'd like to open the floor up for questions because I know, two or three people have told me already they have questions which they'd want to ask, and I'm sure some of the rest of y...

Hamburger, lit and coca-cola Hamburger, lit and coca-cola

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Leslie Fiedler

2008-04-01

Full Text Available What I would like to do today is begin by talking a little while about something I had on my mind, but still remains unspoken, including a few words about my next to the last book Freaks and the book that will probably be called "What Was Literature". After I finish talking about those things for a short time I'd like to open the floor up for questions because I know, two or three people have told me already they have questions which they'd want to ask, and I'm sure some of the rest of you have questions you have asked before and have thought I have not adequately answered. What I would like to do today is begin by talking a little while about something I had on my mind, but still remains unspoken, including a few words about my next to the last book Freaks and the book that will probably be called "What Was Literature". After I finish talking about those things for a short time I'd like to open the floor up for questions because I know, two or three people have told me already they have questions which they'd want to ask, and I'm sure some of the rest of you have questions you have asked before and have thought I have not adequately answered.

Reshaping the Army Corps of Engineers’ Workforce

Science.gov (United States)

2013-03-01

Coca Cola Company, General Electric, IBM, Viacom, Cox Communications, MasterCard, and Accenture. Louise Kursmark is a leading expert in resume writing...and is a hiring consultant to Coca - Cola , Nortel, Siemens, and other Fortune 500 companies. She has authored 18 books about resume writing

Influence of various acidic beverages on tooth erosion. Evaluation by a new method.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Stefan Zimmer

Full Text Available We have analyzed the loss of enamel and dentine after exposure to different non-alcoholic drinks with a simple new method using bovine teeth. 100 enamel and 100 dentine specimens from freshly extracted bovine incisors were randomly attributed to 10 groups (n=10 for enamel and dentine each. Prior to the start of the experiment all specimens were weighed using a precision balance. The mean initial masses (SD were 35.8 mg (7.2 for enamel and 24.7 mg (7.0 for dentine. No statistically significant differences were found between groups for initial masses (p>0.05, ANOVA with Bonferroni post hoc test. Thereafter, all specimens of one group were simultaneously placed in 200 ml of the following fluids: Coca-Cola, Coca-Cola light, Sprite, apple juice, Red Bull, orange juice, Bonaqua Fruits (Mango-Acai, tap water, chlorinated swimming pool water, and lemon juice. Fluids were continuously ventilated at 37° C for 7 days. Thereafter the specimens were weighed again and the mean mass loss was calculated.The values were (enamel/dentine: Coca-Cola 7.5 mg/6.6 mg; Coca-Cola light 5.2 mg/3.5 mg, Sprite 26.1 mg/17.7 mg, apple juice 27.1 mg/15.2 mg, Red Bull 16.6 mg/17.0 mg, orange juice 24.3 mg/20.2 mg, Bonaqua Fruits (Mango-Acai 17.8 mg/16.2 mg, tap water -0.2 mg/-0.3 mg, swimming pool water -0.3 mg/-0.2 mg, and lemon juice 32.0 mg/28.3 mg. From all drinks, Cola and Cola light showed the least erosivity (p<0.001, ANOVA with Bonferroni post hoc test whereas lemon juice showed statistically significant higher erosivity than all other drinks except Sprite and apple juice (p<0.01, ANOVA with Bonferroni post hoc test.In conclusion, erosivity of common non-alcoholic drinks varies widely. For example, Sprite, apple juice, and orange juice are about five times more erosive than Coca-Cola light. The findings from the present study should be taken into account in choosing a diet that provides satisfactory nutrition while minimizing tooth erosion.

Composting system for waste treatment coca leaf with the addition of three biological activators in the Experimental Center Kallutaca

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Apaza-Condori Emma Eva

2015-11-01

Full Text Available The objective of this study was to evaluate the composting process waste coca leaf with the addition of three biological activators (yogurt, whey and yeast. This work was carried out Kallutaca Experimental Center, Biofertilizers module Career Agricultural Engineering at the Public University of El Alto, La Paz municipality of Laja. Posed treatments were: T1 (+ Yogurt Coca wastes; T2 (Coca wastes + whey; T3 (Coca wastes + yeast and T4 (Control. The design was completely randomized with 4 treatments and 3 repetitions. The values in N are classified medium and high levels the quantities of P, K are classified as middle levels. The value obtained 7.9 pH, EC 12950 µS/cm and 61% organic matter belong to treatment T1. The decomposition time was a period of 105 days corresponds to treatment T3.

Selecting Senior Acquisition Officials: Assessing the Current Processes and Practices for Recruiting, Confirming, and Retaining Senior Officials in the Acquisition Workforce

Science.gov (United States)

2016-04-21

Berkshire Hathaway • Citigroup • Coca - Cola • Pepsicola • Comcast Vodaphone – An Under Secretary of Defense for Comptroller: • Berkshire...Hathaway • Gillette – A General Counsel of the Department of Defense: • AOL-Time Warner • Coca - Cola In recent Presidential transitions, an

Forests and drugs: coca-driven deforestation in tropical biodiversity hotspots.

Science.gov (United States)

Dávalos, Liliana M; Bejarano, Adriana C; Hall, Mark A; Correa, H Leonardo; Corthals, Angelique; Espejo, Oscar J

2011-02-15

Identifying drivers of deforestation in tropical biodiversity hotspots is critical to assess threats to particular ecosystems and species and proactively plan for conservation. We analyzed land cover change between 2002 and 2007 in the northern Andes, Chocó, and Amazon forests of Colombia, the largest producer of coca leaf for the global cocaine market, to quantify the impact of this illicit crop on forest dynamics, evaluate the effectiveness of protected areas in this context, and determine the effects of eradication on deforestation. Landscape-level analyses of forest conversion revealed that proximity to new coca plots and a greater proportion of an area planted with coca increased the probability of forest loss in southern Colombia, even after accounting for other covariates and spatial autocorrelation. We also showed that protected areas successfully reduced forest conversion in coca-growing regions. Neither eradication nor coca cultivation predicted deforestation rates across municipalities. Instead, the presence of new coca cultivation was an indicator of municipalities, where increasing population led to higher deforestation rates. We hypothesize that poor rural development underlies the relationship between population density and deforestation in coca-growing areas. Conservation in Colombia's vast forest frontier, which overlaps with its coca frontier, requires a mix of protected areas and strategic rural development to succeed.

Korporatīvā sociālā atbildība: patērētāju uztveres un korporāciju komunikācijas analīze starptautiskajos tirgos uz McDonald's un Coca-Cola piemēra.

OpenAIRE

Teterins, Pāvels

2016-01-01

Korporatīvās sociālās atbildības (KSA) komunikācijas efektivitātes pamats ir pielāgošanās patērētāju prasībām. Pētījuma mērķis bija uz McDonald’s un Coca-Cola sociālo tīklu KSA komunikācijas piemēra, izvērtēt to, vai kompānijas pielāgo KSA komunikāciju patērētāju vērtējumam par atbildīgu uzņēmējdarbību, un piedāvāt optimālu KSA komunikācijas struktūru. Demogrāfisko faktoru ietekme uz Latvijas, Vācijas un Austrālijas KSA vērtējumu praktiski netika novērota. Savukārt, salīdzinot valstis savā st...

Publications | Page 324 | IDRC - International Development ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Results 3231 - 3240 of 6374 ... Costa Rica's competition authority fines Coca-Cola. The benefits of competition policy are not always clear to the average consumer. But people in Costa Rica noticed when a competition authority ruling forced Coca-Cola makers to change their practices. The highly visible case is.

An Analysis of Counterinsurgency Campaigns Using Lanchestrian Based Marketing Differential Equations

Science.gov (United States)

2010-09-01

Coca - Cola would be assessed to be high relative to Shasta Brand cola , as Coca - Cola advertises more than Shasta. The analogous comparison in our model...marketing models. . . have a strong resemblance to Lanchester’s models of warfare.” (Little, 1979) Mathematical modeling of marketing and advertising ... advertising expenditure or effort, ρ is the response constant measuring the rate of effectiveness per unit of effort, and δ is the rate at which the

We are Originarios …"we just aren't from here": coca leaf and identity politics in the Chapare, Bolivia.

Science.gov (United States)

Grisaffi, Thomas

2010-01-01

This article first examines the ways in which coca leaf acquired an important symbolic value in forging a counter-hegemonic discourse that wove together various strands of class and cultural identity struggles in the Chapare province, Bolivia. The second line of enquiry that runs through this article deals with the conflicts that arose when the coca union mutated into a governing political party. Now that the coca growers' leader, Evo Morales, is President of the Republic he is obliged by the international community to reduce the amount of land under coca cultivation. To do this President Morales has had to rhetorically pull coca leaf apart from Andean tradition. This presents a challenge to the integrity of indigenous-peasant based movements in the Chapare because it brings attention to their constructed nature and thus questions the authenticity of the originario identity.

Max Headroom, Ad Man of the Eighties: When Commercial Becomes Cult.

Science.gov (United States)

Wassmuth, Birgit L.; Carr, Douglas J.

With Coca-Cola's selection of a digital, computer-constructed "spokesthing" named Max Headroom, came a dramatic shift toward a reliance on high technology to deliver the advertising message. Headroom was developed in Britain, and made his debut on the Home Box Office television network in 1985. Coca-Cola then bought the rights to…

Coca: High Altitude Remedy of the Ancient Incas.

Science.gov (United States)

Biondich, Amy Sue; Joslin, Jeremy D

2015-12-01

The use of coca leaf for medicinal purposes is a centuries-old tradition of the native peoples of South America. Coca products are thought by many laypersons to provide risk-free benefits to users participating in strenuous activities at high altitude. Physiologic studies of coca have increased understanding of its possible mechanism of action as well as its potential impact on high altitude activities. This present work explores the role of coca throughout the history of the Andean peoples and explores whether this ancient remedy has a place in modern medicine. A focused summary of research articles with particular relevance to the field of wilderness medicine is also included to better provide the reader with lessons not only from history but also from another culture. Copyright © 2015 Wilderness Medical Society. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Improving the palatability of activated charcoal in pediatric patients.

Science.gov (United States)

Cheng, Adam; Ratnapalan, Savithiri

2007-06-01

To compare the taste preference and ease of swallowing of activated charcoal among healthy teenagers when mixed separately with 3 different additives: chocolate milk, Coca-Cola, and water. Healthy volunteers between 14 to 19 years of age were selected for the study. Five grams of activated charcoal (25 mL of 0.2 g/mL of Charcodote [Pharma Science, Montreal, Canada]) was mixed with 25 mL of chocolate milk, Coca-Cola, or water individually to make up 50 mL. The volunteers drank the 3 cups of the charcoal-additive mixture separately and then rated taste and ease of swallowing on a 10-cm visual analogue scale. The subjects then indicated their preferred charcoal-additive mixture if he/she had to drink 9 more portions of charcoal (this would estimate the dose of charcoal for a 50-kg child). A total of 44 subjects were recruited (25 boys and 19 girls). The mean scores for taste preference for chocolate milk, Coca-Cola, and water mixtures of charcoal were 5.5, 6.3, and 2.0, respectively, on a 10-cm visual analogue scale. Thus, subjects preferred the taste of charcoal mixed with chocolate milk or Coca-Cola over charcoal mixed with water (P = 0.0003 for both comparisons). The subjects did not show a statistically significant difference for ease of swallowing between the 3 charcoal-additive mixtures. Overall, 48% preferred the chocolate milk mixture, 45% preferred the Coca-Cola mixture, and 7% preferred charcoal mixed with water. Healthy teenaged subjects identified that activated charcoal (Charcodote) mixed with chocolate milk or Coca-Cola (in a 1:1 ratio) improved taste but had no significant effect on improving ease of swallowing. Overall, the addition of chocolate milk or coke improves the palatability of charcoal and is favored over charcoal mixed with water alone.

Parent-Youth Differences in Familism Values from Adolescence into Young Adulthood: Developmental Course and Links with Parent-Youth Conflict

Science.gov (United States)

McHale, Susan M.; Rovine, Michael J.; Updegraff, Kimberly A.; Umaña-Taylor, Adriana J.

2016-01-01

A critical step in capturing family processes is to incorporate the perspectives and experiences of multiple family members toward characterizing how families operate as systems. Although some research has examined differences between parents' and youth's family experiences, most studies have focused on European American families, and we know little about the nature and implications of divergent parent-youth experiences in other ethnic groups. Accordingly, we focused on Mexican-origin families and assessed the links between mother-youth and father-youth differences in familism values and parent-youth conflict from early adolescence into young adulthood. Participants were mothers, fathers, and two siblings (248 female and 244 male; Mage = 14.02 years) from 246 families who were interviewed in their homes on three occasions over eight years. We operationalized parent-youth differences in familism values using difference scores, controlling for mean levels of familism. Multilevel models revealed that mothers' and fathers' familism values remained relatively stable over time, but youth's (51% female) familism values declined until age 17, stabilized, and then increased slightly in young adulthood. Lagged models tested directions of effect by examining whether parent-youth differences in familism values predicted parent-youth conflict or vice versa. The findings revealed that parent-youth conflict predicted greater differences in parent-youth familism values, but differences in familism values did not predict conflict. Our findings align with a family systems perspective in documenting the significance of differences between family members' perspectives and highlighting that such processes are dynamic. Further, by testing bidirectional associations in longitudinal models, we were able to disentangle the temporal ordering of differences in familism values and parent-youth conflict thereby advancing understanding of parent-youth discrepancies in cultural values. PMID

Coca: The History and Medical Significance of an Ancient Andean Tradition

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Amy Sue Biondich

2016-01-01

Full Text Available Coca leaf products are an integral part of the lives of the Andean peoples from both a cultural and traditional medicine perspective. Coca is also the whole plant from which cocaine is derived. Coca products are thought to be a panacea for health troubles in regions of South America. This review will examine the toxicology of whole coca and will also look at medicinal applications of this plant, past, present, and future.

Do soft drinks affect metal ions release from orthodontic appliances?

Science.gov (United States)

Mikulewicz, Marcin; Wołowiec, Paulina; Loster, Bartłomiej W; Chojnacka, Katarzyna

2015-01-01

The effect of orange juice and Coca Cola(®) on the release of metal ions from fixed orthodontic appliances. A continuous flow system designed for in vitro testing of orthodontic appliances was used. Orange juice/Coca Cola(®) was flowing through the system alternately with artificial saliva for 5.5 and 18.5h, respectively. The collected samples underwent a multielemental ICP-OES analysis in order to determine the metal ions release pattern in time. The total mass of ions released from the appliance into orange juice and Coca Cola(®) (respectively) during the experiment was calculated (μg): Ni (15.33; 37.75), Cr (3.604; 1.052), Fe (48.42; ≥ 156.1), Cu (57.87, 32.91), Mn (9.164; 41.16), Mo (9.999; 30.12), and Cd (0.5967; 2.173). It was found that orange juice did not intensify the release of metal ions from orthodontic appliances, whereas Coca Cola(®) caused increased release of Ni ions. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.

Biological activity of the alkaloids of Erythroxylum coca and Erythroxylum novogranatense

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Salemink, C.A.; Novák, M.; Khan, I.

1984-01-01

The cultivated Erythroxylum varieties E. coca var. coca, E. coca var. ipadu, E. novogranatense var. novogranatense and E. novogranatense var. truxillense contain 18 alkaloids, identified so far, belonging to the tropanes, pyrrolidines and pyridines, with cocaine as the main alkaloid. The biological

Proceedings of the Annual Ada Software Engineering Education and Training Symposium (4th) Held in Houston, Texas on June 13-15, 1989

Science.gov (United States)

1989-06-01

Canfields, SevenUp, CocaCola , none); type Ounces is range 0 .. 20; type PriceType is digits 2 range 0.0 .. 0.75; type ContainerType is (bottle, can...brand of the soda (Shasta, CocaCola , etc.) function IsDiet(TheSoda : Soda) return boolean; -- return TRUE if the soda is a diet soda, FALSE otherwise

Prezentace dlouhodobých hmotných aktiv v účetních závěrkách dle IFRS / US GAAP

OpenAIRE

Karľa, Tomáš

2010-01-01

Purpose of this work is to describe long-termed tangible assets in compliance with IFRS and U.S. GAAP and compare their individual elements using financial statements of The Coca-Cola Company and Coca-Cola HBC. Part of this work will focus on ongoing convergent process. Specifity of agriculture (IAS 41) is not an object of this work.

Las artes de leer e interpretar las hojas de coca

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Eugenia Flores

2017-03-01

Full Text Available En este artículo quisiera hablar sobre un oficio secreto, subterráneo, clandestino, que es el arte de leer e interpretar las hojas de coca en espacios marginales del valle de Salta. Muestro en estas páginas las diferentes formas y modos en que la coca es utilizada por la población local, diversa y heterogénea, donde tradiciones indígenas ancestrales se manifiestan en prácticas concretas que rozan los límites entre la magia y la terapia. Presto especial interés, a partir del trabajo de campo realizado, a aquellas personas que manejan estas artes de leer las hojas de coca, las cuales en los casos analizados fueron adquiridas a partir de un ritual de paso, que fue el haber sido “tocado por el rayo”. Me interesa particularmente trabajar con estos hombres y mujeres, cuyo arte de hacer con coca es equiparable a las “maneras de hacer”. Estas maneras de hacer con la coca ritual no están visibilizadas y son subterráneas, marginales y silenciosas, en este artículo se pretende dar cuenta de estas prácticas con coca y sus dinámicas relaciones inter e intra comunales. Palabras-claves: Artes; maneras de hacer; coca; ritual.

Bara ett tips

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Ravn Sørensen, Anders; Mølgaard, Ellen

2016-01-01

Kom ihåg att fråga en historiker innan du bygger ditt varumärke på dess förflutna. Det glömde Coca-Cola i Tyskland.......Kom ihåg att fråga en historiker innan du bygger ditt varumärke på dess förflutna. Det glömde Coca-Cola i Tyskland....

Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences Journal. 2004/5 Edition

Science.gov (United States)

2005-10-30

serves primarily with Coca Cola Inc. providing Occupational Medicine clinical training in Atlanta and consultative services worldwide for Coca Cola ...duty personnel of the Uniformed Services who receive authorization to participate in the USU graduate training programs under the sponsorship of their...in reducing health disparities through its sponsorship of interactive workshops, presentations by improvisational actors, and the development of

From Strategic Communication to Simply Communicate: Redefining SC in Military Communication

Science.gov (United States)

2011-04-10

been much easier for Coca Cola to coordinate and execute cmmnunication stnitegy for their 11 98,000 employees18 than it has for DOD leadership to...Prentice Hall, 2007. ’ 16 Ibid. . ~ 17 Ibid. 18 Estimate of Coca - Cola Company employees (world-wide) for 20 10; information provided from corporate...16 SECTION THREE: . . Marketing & Advertising : a 51h SC-Enabler? ................................................................ ~ ... 22

Vertical Integration and Common Agency : An Empirical Analysis of the U.S. Carbonated Soft Drink Industry

OpenAIRE

Adachi, Takanori

2017-01-01

By using the unique feature of the U.S. carbonated soft drink industry, I find that PepsiCo's 2010 vertical merger lowered its retail prices by 4.4%. More importantly, these price effects are stronger in the markets with Coca-Cola's common agency than in the markets with PepsiCo's common agency: I find a price reduction of 2.5% for the markets where neither Coca-Cola's nor PepsiCo's bottler is a common agent for Dr Pepper. PepsiCo's prices are additionally lowered by 2.3-2.5% if Coca-Cola’s b...

Comparison of the microhardness of primary and permanent teeth after immersion in two types of carbonated beverages.

Science.gov (United States)

Haghgou, Hamid R; Haghgoo, Roza; Asdollah, Fatemah Molla

2016-01-01

The consumption of carbonated beverages is one of the etiological factors that cause dental erosion. The purpose of this research was to compare changes in the microhardness of permanent and primary teeth after immersion in two types of carbonated beverages. This investigation was done on 30 healthy permanent molars and 30 healthy primary canines. Each group of primary and permanent teeth was subdivided into three groups of 10 teeth. The teeth was immersed in 40 ml of each of the three beverages for 5 min. One subgroup was immersed in water (as a control). The next was immersed in Lemon Delster and the last subgroup was immersed in Coca-Cola. The microhardness of enamel was measured using the Vickers method before and after immersion. Finally, the data was analyzed by paired t-test, one-way analysis of variance, and t-test. Microhardness reduction in the primary teeth was significant in both the Lemon Delster and Coca-Cola groups (P Coca-Cola and Lemon Delster caused a significant reduction of microhardness in tooth enamel. This reduction was greater in primary teeth than in permanent teeth, and was also greater after immersion in Coca-Cola than after immersion in Lemon Delster.

Risks of a fructose rich soft drink consumption on some biochemical parameters in Balb/c mice

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Abd Elmonem, H.A.; Ali, E.A.

2011-01-01

Consumption of soft drinks, in particular carbonated beverages, has markedly increased in the last two to three decades. In fact, the carbonated beverages are the most popular refreshments among most of the world's population. The aim of this study was to assess the body weight gains and analyze some biochemical and hematological parameters in male and female Balb/c mice. Animals were provided with diluted coca cola (fructose rich soft drink) for 6 weeks and were matched against corresponding control animals. The control animals were maintained on tap water ad libitum and coca cola was diluted v/v by tap water. The results revealed that the percentages of body weight gains of male and female control animals were significantly higher than the corresponding mice provided with coca cola. Hemoglobin content (Hb, g/100ml blood), erythrocytes (RBCs), hematocrit (HCT), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), leucocytes (WBCs), granulocytes and blood platelet counts were significantly decreased in the groups of mice treated with the soft drink, compared to the control groups. However, significant increases were observed in lymphocytes in the treated groups. Consumption of the soft drink (coca cola) in both male and female animal groups exhibited significant increases of total cholesterol, triglycerides, low density lipoprotein-c and atherogenic index. Levels of serum calcium significantly decreased in both male and female treated mice than the corresponding control groups. Consumption of coca cola did not affect the levels of T3. This study suggests that consumption of high fructose soft drink may lead to many health problems

Effect of commonly used beverage, soft drink, and mouthwash on force delivered by elastomeric chain: a comparative in vitro study.

Science.gov (United States)

Kumar, Kiran; Shetty, Sharath; Krithika, M J; Cyriac, Bobby

2014-06-01

The objective was to evaluate and compare the effect of Coca-Cola®, tea, Listerine® mouthwash on the force delivered by elastomeric chain in vitro. Four specimen groups (distilled water, Coca-Cola®, tea, Listerine® mouthwash) with a total sample size of 480 specimens. A specimen is described as a four link grey close elastomeric chain. Jigs, each with a series of pins set 25 mm apart, was used to hold stretched elastomeric chains at a constant length. These jigs allowed for complete submersion of the elastomeric chain in a water bath throughout the test period, as well as the dipping of elastomeric chains in respective control and test solutions. For 60 s, twice a day, groups were exposed to the respective solutions, the two daily exposure was separated by 9 h and force measurements were taken at six time points during the experiment, that is, 1 h, 24 h, 7 days, 14 days, 21 days, and 28 days. Force measurements were made by Instron machine by a single blinded examiner with the help of a second examiner. It was found out that there was highly significant difference between groups control, Coca-Cola®, Listerine®, and tea as well as there was highly significant (p Coca-Cola® and the Listerine® group reached a plateau between 7 and 21 days then decrease between 21 and 28 days. The tea group showed plateau phase between 7 and 28 days. After 28 days in the control group, 25% force decay occurred while the test groups force decay of 30-50% occurred. Coca-Cola®, Listerine® mouthwash, and tea cause an increase in force decay of elastomeric chains over time. Tea caused highest force decay followed by Listerine® and Coca-Cola® when compared to control group. How to cite the article: Kumar K, Shetty S, Krithika MJ, Cyriac B. Effect of commonly used beverage, soft drink, and mouthwash on force delivered by elastomeric chain: A comparative in vitro study. J Int Oral Health 2014;6(3):7-10.

Anestesia no paciente usuário de cocaína Anestesia en el paciente usuario de cocaína Anesthesia in cocaine users

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ana Luft

2007-06-01

Full Text Available JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: A cocaína é a droga ilícita mais freqüentemente associada a óbitos, e suas implicações perioperatórias nos pacientes agudamente intoxicados ou com história de uso crônico precisam ser bem conhecidas pelos anestesiologistas. O conhecimento da neurofisiologia, da farmacologia e das conseqüências fisiopatológicas decorrentes do uso da cocaína poderá facilitar o cuidado desses pacientes. O objetivo deste trabalho foi revisar as informações sobre a cocaína e suas interações com a anestesia. CONTEÚDO: O artigo discute a farmacologia da cocaína, as conseqüências fisiopatológicas decorrentes do seu uso e as interações com a anestesia. CONCLUSÕES: A compreensão e o reconhecimento precoce das complicações associadas ao uso de cocaína são essenciais para o manuseio adequado de pacientes usuários desta droga. O anestesiologista deve estar preparado, pois tanto as anestesias regionais quanto a geral apresentam riscos significativos nesses pacientes.JUSTIFICATIVA Y OBJETIVOS: La cocaína es la droga ilícita más frecuentemente asociada a decesos, y sus implicaciones perioperatorias en los pacientes agudamente intoxicados o con historial de uso crónico necesitan ser muy bien conocidas por los anestesiólogos. El conocimiento de la neurofisiología, de la farmacología y de las consecuencias fisiopatológicas provenientes del uso de la cocaína podrá facilitar el cuidado de esos pacientes. El objetivo de este trabajo fue revisar las informaciones sobre la cocaína y sus interacciones con la anestesia. CONTENIDO: El artículo discute la farmacología de la cocaína, las consecuencias fisiopatológicas provenientes de su uso y las interacciones con la anestesia. CONCLUSIONES: La comprensión y el reconocimiento precoz de las complicaciones asociadas al uso de la cocaína son esenciales para el manejo adecuado de pacientes usuarios de esa droga. El anestesiólogo debe estar preparado, pues tanto las

Observaciones en enfermos mentales habituados a la coca

OpenAIRE

Gutiérrez Noriega, Carlos

2016-01-01

Estudio en seis enfermos mentales habituados a la coca. En sólo un caso encuentra relación entre el cocaísmo y la alteración mental. Lo más frecuente son las alucinaciones, ideas delirantes de persecución y alteraciones cenestésicas. En todos los casos hubo bradicardia e hipotensión arterial. El metabolismo basal disminuye durante la abstinencia.

Drugs and Protected Areas: Coca Cultivation and Social Acceptance of Bahuaja-Sonene National Park in Peru

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jaqueline Garcia-Yi

2015-06-01

Full Text Available Cocaine is extracted from coca: a native bush from the Amazon rainforest. Coca is mostly grown in remote areas to avoid government intervention, and it has been increasingly cultivated inside protected areas (PAs. The effects of coca cultivation on the preservation of PAs are largely unknown. This research uses panel data (2006–2008 from a total of 684 farmers to evaluate the influence of coca growing on the acceptance of PAs, using as case study a farmer community located within the buffer zone of Bahuaja-Sonene National Park (Peru. All farmers are coffee growers and some complement their income with coca production. The area has not been subject of forced coca eradication activities. The data were analyzed using probit models with covariance matrix correction for cluster errors by year, with and without interaction effects. The results suggest that coca growers are more likely to state a positive opinion about the PA than non-coca growers. This may reflect the fact that non-coca growers need extensive areas of land for coffee cultivation in order to approach the economic benefits obtained by farmers who also grow coca. However the likelihood of stating a positive opinion by coca growers decreases the higher the perception that coca cultivation has increased in the region. Coca growers may be afraid that large coca areas would lead to the implementation of forced eradication activities. In such a case, the BSNP would restrict the access to remote land resources, which in turn decreases the support for this PA.

The non-corporate identity of 'Supermalt': An interpretative study of beverage brand perceptions within a cultural minority

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Bech-Larsen, Tino; Esbjerg, Lars; Grunert, Klaus G.

labeled this focus as hegemonic and imposing as regards the values of cultural minorities. This paper reports the implementation and interpretation of 14 interviews with londonese Afro-caribbeans as to their perceptions of two competing non-alcoholic beverage brands with a corporate (Coca-Cola) and a non...

Cola pierlotii R.Germ. : étude de la composition chimique de la graine

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Lognay, G.

2013-01-01

Full Text Available Cola pierlotii R.Germ.: study of the chemical composition of the seed. This note reports the first analysis of the chemical composition of Cola pierlotii seed. It compares the recorded values with various literature data on Cola nitida and Cola acuminata that are the two most used species or as agent flavor or as a precursor drugs. Cola pierlotii is characterized in particular by a high caffeine content up to 1.27%.

From Conflict to Collaboration: An Innovative Approach to Reducing Coca Cultivation in Bolivia

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Kathryn Ledebur

2013-03-01

Full Text Available Upon his presidential election, Bolivian coca grower leader Evo Morales adopted a policy of promoting consensual coca reduction through social control, a sophisticated coca monitoring system, and economic development. That strategy is paying off. In 2011, coca cultivation decreased by 13 per cent according to the U.S. government. The Morales administration has also made significant progress facing the ongoing challenges of drug production and trafficking. Seizures of coca paste and cocaine and destruction of drug laboratories have steadily increased since President Morales took office. Despite continued tensions in bilateral relations, U.S.-Bolivian counter-drug cooperation continues and the signing of a new framework agreement in 2011 should lead to an exchange of ambassadors. Internationally, Bolivia has successfully gained acceptance of the right to the traditional use of coca within its own territory. But Bolivia’s efforts must be carried out in tandem with effective demand reduction strategies to shrink the global cocaine market.

A elaboração da face em comunidades virtuais de marca: um estudo de caso sobre uma comunidade virtual de consumidores da Coca-Cola

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Grayci Kelli Alexandre de Freitas

Full Text Available As mudanças por que passam a sociedade e as pessoas, em campos como comunicação, consumo e organização social, desde a concepção da modernidade, colocaram em xeque muitos conceitos que embasavam a compreensão a respeito das pessoas e das suas relações sociais, incluídas as de consumo. Destacamos, neste quadro, as interações sociais encenadas pelas pessoas e os caminhos que percorrem para a elaboração dos seus "eus". Partindo de uma realidade cujo uso massivo da Internet e o surgimento das comunidades virtuais são enfatizados, recortamos uma comunidade virtual da marca Coca-Cola como terreno para compreendermos que faces são elaboradas pelas pessoas quando se utilizam de signos marcários como mediadores em interações virtuais. Para tanto, adotamos as noções de "eu" e elaboração da face conforme concebidas por Goffman (2006, juntamente com a concepção de marca numa dimensão simbólica, enquanto recurso de representação social. Sob este arcabouço teórico, seguimos a perspectiva interpretativista para realizar este estudo de caso netnográfico por meio da análise de discurso funcional. Juntamente com estas orientações ontoepistemológicas e metodológicas, adotamos o método elaborado por Leão (2007 para acessarmos as interações virtuais concebidas como face a face. Catorze faces foram identificadas. Estas são descritas por meio de exemplos extraídos das observações, os quais são elucidativos do papel da marca estudada na dinâmica de negociação interacional entre os participantes, que caracteriza o processo de elaboração de faces. Contribuições para o conhecimento, bem como implicações gerenciais são consideradas.

Promotional Strategy Impacts on Organizational Market Share and Profitability

OpenAIRE

Adesoga Dada Adefulu

2015-01-01

The paper examined promotional strategy impacts on market share and profitability in Coca-Cola and 7up companies in Lagos State, Nigeria. Survey research method was adopted. The study population was the staff in marketing positions in the selected companies. Questionnaire was administered on the samples from Coca-Cola and 7UP companies. The statistical tool employed was the univariate analysis of variance (ANOVA) to determine the statistical significance and the extent to which...

The Relationship between Delinquent Behavior and Work Values of Noninstitutionalized Youth.

Science.gov (United States)

Just, David A.

1985-01-01

A study was conducted to determine whether the work values of delinquent youth differ from those of other youth, and if so, how. Results showed that even as delinquency increases, work values tend to remain stable. Other factors (gender, race, and suspension from school) appear to have a greater impact on work values than does delinquency itself.…

Combating Terrorism Within Local Policing Through Crime Reduction: Using Real-Time, Situational Awareness Within a Distributed Common Operating Picture to Combat all Crime and Terrorism V2I2SION Process and SAFECOP Pilot Project

Science.gov (United States)

2013-03-01

revealed the presence of two white males, one with a tattoo, driving a white older model Ford Aerostar van. The van had the faded words “ Coca Cola ” on the...to the Coca Cola Corporation at Fowler/59th St. regarding the leads on the van. The manager sent the detectives to the Greater Tampa Bay Auto...the underpinnings of each crime category listed are illicit financial gain, local law enforcement officials, with a strong crime fighting strategy

The Effect of Two Soft Drinks on Bracket Bond Strength and on Intact and Sealed Enamel: An In Vitro Study

OpenAIRE

Pasha, Azam; Sindhu, D; Nayak, Rabindra S; Mamatha, J; Chaitra, K R; Vishwakarma, Swati

2015-01-01

Background and Objectives: This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of two soft drinks, Coca-Cola and Mirinda orange on bracket bond strength, on adhesive remnant on teeth after debonding the bracket, and to observe by means of scanning electron microscope (SEM) the effect of these drinks on intact and sealed enamel. Methods: 120 non-carious maxillary premolar teeth already extracted for Orthodontic purposes were taken and divided into three groups, i.e., Coca-Cola drink, Mirinda orang...

The Effect of Two Soft Drinks on Bracket Bond Strength and on Intact and Sealed Enamel: An In Vitro Study.

Science.gov (United States)

Pasha, Azam; Sindhu, D; Nayak, Rabindra S; Mamatha, J; Chaitra, K R; Vishwakarma, Swati

2015-01-01

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of two soft drinks, Coca-Cola and Mirinda orange on bracket bond strength, on adhesive remnant on teeth after debonding the bracket, and to observe by means of scanning electron microscope (SEM) the effect of these drinks on intact and sealed enamel. 120 non-carious maxillary premolar teeth already extracted for Orthodontic purposes were taken and divided into three groups, i.e., Coca-Cola drink, Mirinda orange, and control (artificial saliva) group. Brackets were bonded using conventional methods. Teeth were kept in soft drinks for 15 days, for 15 min, 3 times a day, separated by intervals of 2 h. At other times, they were kept in artificial saliva. The samples, thus obtained were evaluated for shear bond strength using the universal testing machine and subsequently subjected for adhesive remnant index (ARI) scores. SEM study on all the three groups was done for evaluating enamel surface of the intact and sealed enamel. The lowest mean resistance to shearing forces was shown by Mirinda orange group (5.30 ± 2.74 Mpa) followed by Coca-Cola group (6.24 ± 1.59 Mpa) and highest resistance to shearing forces by control group (7.33 ± 1.72 Mpa). The ARI scores revealed a cohesive failure in control samples and an adhesive failure in Mirinda and cola samples. SEM results showed areas of defect due to erosion caused by acidic soft drinks on intact and sealed enamel surface. Mirinda group showed the lowest resistance to shearing forces, followed by Coca-Cola group and with the highest resistance to shearing forces by the control group. There were significant differences between the control group and the study groups. Areas of defects, which were caused by erosion related to acidic soft drinks on the enamel surface around the adhesive, were seen. Areas of defects caused by Coca-Cola were more extensive when compared to Mirinda orange drink.

The Effect of Two Soft Drinks on Bracket Bond Strength and on Intact and Sealed Enamel: An In Vitro Study

Science.gov (United States)

Pasha, Azam; Sindhu, D; Nayak, Rabindra S; Mamatha, J; Chaitra, K R; Vishwakarma, Swati

2015-01-01

Background and Objectives: This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of two soft drinks, Coca-Cola and Mirinda orange on bracket bond strength, on adhesive remnant on teeth after debonding the bracket, and to observe by means of scanning electron microscope (SEM) the effect of these drinks on intact and sealed enamel. Methods: 120 non-carious maxillary premolar teeth already extracted for Orthodontic purposes were taken and divided into three groups, i.e., Coca-Cola drink, Mirinda orange, and control (artificial saliva) group. Brackets were bonded using conventional methods. Teeth were kept in soft drinks for 15 days, for 15 min, 3 times a day, separated by intervals of 2 h. At other times, they were kept in artificial saliva. The samples, thus obtained were evaluated for shear bond strength using the universal testing machine and subsequently subjected for adhesive remnant index (ARI) scores. SEM study on all the three groups was done for evaluating enamel surface of the intact and sealed enamel. Results: The lowest mean resistance to shearing forces was shown by Mirinda orange group (5.30 ± 2.74 Mpa) followed by Coca-Cola group (6.24 ± 1.59 Mpa) and highest resistance to shearing forces by control group (7.33 ± 1.72 Mpa). The ARI scores revealed a cohesive failure in control samples and an adhesive failure in Mirinda and cola samples. SEM results showed areas of defect due to erosion caused by acidic soft drinks on intact and sealed enamel surface. Conclusion: Mirinda group showed the lowest resistance to shearing forces, followed by Coca-Cola group and with the highest resistance to shearing forces by the control group. There were significant differences between the control group and the study groups. Areas of defects, which were caused by erosion related to acidic soft drinks on the enamel surface around the adhesive, were seen. Areas of defects caused by Coca-Cola were more extensive when compared to Mirinda orange drink. PMID:26668477

United States Attorney Prosecutions

Science.gov (United States)

1993-10-01

property of CocaCola Bottling Company, Fayetteville, North Carolina, of a value in excess of $100.00, in violation of Title 18 United States Code, Section...another, to-wit: a Cocacola soft drink machine, the amount of damage to said personal property being more than $200.00, in violation of North Carolina

Coca leaf chewing as therapy for cocaine maintenance.

Science.gov (United States)

Hurtado-Gumucio, J

2000-10-01

Major ethnic groups in Bolivia (Aymaras and Quechuas) have chewed the coca leaf for generations upon generations without health problems. The effects of coca leaf chewing produce a level of social and economic adaptation that is beyond what is normally possible. This was a major factor during the Spanish colonization of Bolivia, when forced native labor was used extensively. The cocaine base, or "pasta", may be seen as a type of South American crack. Its obligatory method of administration is smoking. A primary condition of the "pasta" smoker is compulsive drug-search behavior and addiction to cocaine base destroys emotional and mental balance. Socio-economic maladjustment is the norm amongst "pasta" addicts. Since 1984 I have recommended the chewing of the coca leaf, between 100 to 200 grams of coca leaf per week for the treatment of cocaine dependence. Since this treatment was dispensed on an ad hoc basis, it was not possible to measure the relapses. However, an assessment was conducted on the basis of mental condition and level of social and economic adaptation before and after treatment. The patent's level of social acceptance, before treatment, only reached 60% at most, and after treatment, 26% improved their level of adaptation. Four patients among 50 reached an adaptation level of 100%. Upon final assessment, the level of social adaptation prior to treatment was only 28%, after treatment as many as 48.8% of the patients were socially adapted.

Alcohol-Induced Physiological Displacements and Their Effects on Flight-Related Functions

Science.gov (United States)

1982-03-01

measured height and weight (6). One part bourbon per two parts of Coca Cola were mixed, divided equally into three drinks and drunk at an even rate over a...temporary protection against a plasma volume decrease (21). In our study, the imbibed volume of alcohol plus Coca Cola (about 350-550 ml) temporarily...amE E T Office of Aviation Medicine MAY 2 7 1982 Washington, D.C. 20591A~A C.-, t(Jin NOTICE This document is disseminated under the sponsorship of

Effect of Commonly Used Beverage, Soft Drink, and Mouthwash on Force Delivered by Elastomeric Chain: A Comparative In Vitro Study

OpenAIRE

Kumar, Kiran; Shetty, Sharath; Krithika, M J; Cyriac, Bobby

2014-01-01

Background: The objective was to evaluate and compare the effect of Coca-Cola®, tea, Listerine® mouthwash on the force delivered by elastomeric chain in vitro. Materials and Methods: Four specimen groups (distilled water, Coca-Cola®, tea, Listerine® mouthwash) with a total sample size of 480 specimens. A specimen is described as a four link grey close elastomeric chain. Jigs, each with a series of pins set 25 mm apart, was used to hold stretched elastomeric chains at a...

Evaluation of Staining-Dependent Colour Changes in Resin Composites Using Principal Component Analysis.

Science.gov (United States)

Manojlovic, D; Lenhardt, L; Milićević, B; Antonov, M; Miletic, V; Dramićanin, M D

2015-10-09

Colour changes in Gradia Direct™ composite after immersion in tea, coffee, red wine, Coca-Cola, Colgate mouthwash, and distilled water were evaluated using principal component analysis (PCA) and the CIELAB colour coordinates. The reflection spectra of the composites were used as input data for the PCA. The output data (scores and loadings) provided information about the magnitude and origin of the surface reflection changes after exposure to the staining solutions. The reflection spectra of the stained samples generally exhibited lower reflection in the blue spectral range, which was manifested in the lower content of the blue shade for the samples. Both analyses demonstrated the high staining abilities of tea, coffee, and red wine, which produced total colour changes of 4.31, 6.61, and 6.22, respectively, according to the CIELAB analysis. PCA revealed subtle changes in the reflection spectra of composites immersed in Coca-Cola, demonstrating Coca-Cola's ability to stain the composite to a small degree.

Analysis of dental erosion induced by different beverages and validity of equipment for identifying early dental erosion, in vitro study.

Science.gov (United States)

Jameel, Rafey Ahmad; Khan, Shah Salman; Abdul Rahim, Zubaidah Hj; Bakri, Marina Mohd; Siddiqui, Saima

2016-07-01

To understand early dental erosion induced by different beverages and the equipment for its detection. The study was conducted at the University Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, from June to September 2014, and comprised single-rooted, unpolished teeth divided into six groups. Electron micrographs and other baseline readings for further analyses were taken before and after the exposure to different beverages. The teeth were exposed to the beverages using a modified Nordini's artificial mouth model. The positioning of the teeth on the motorised stage of the equipment was standardised. Of the several beverages used, CocaCola had the lowest pH value of 2.53, while tap water had the highest pH of 5.4. Deionised distilled water, which was used as a reference, had a pH near to neutral /alkaline of 7.3. The fluoride content ranged between 9.38ppm in tea and 0.005ppm in orange juice. Teeth exposed to beverages with low pH and considerably high fluoride underwent slight remineralisation (roughness increase 8% from tea), while beverages with no fluoride content and low pH roughened the enamel surface (Coca Cola roughened upto 37%). Quantitative analyses of tooth erosion, micro-hardness, surface-roughness, and surface-height showed that all beverages exhibited positive erosive effect on the tooth enamel surface (pCocaCola was found to be the most erosive agent among both hot and cold beverages (37%), while coffee was more erosive among the hot beverages (29%).

A Single Platinum Microelectrode for Identifying Soft Drink Samples

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Lígia Bueno

2012-01-01

Full Text Available Cyclic voltammograms recorded with a single platinum microelectrode were used along with a non-supervised pattern recognition, namely, Principal Component Analysis, to conduct a qualitative analysis of sixteen different brands of carbonated soft drinks (Kuat, Soda Antarctica, H2OH!, Sprite 2.0, Guarana Antarctica, Guarana Antarctica Zero, Coca-Cola, Coca-Cola Zero, Coca-Cola Plus, Pepsi, Pepsi Light, Pepsi Twist, Pepsi Twist Light, Pepsi Twist 3, Schin Cola, and Classic Dillar’s. In this analysis, soft drink samples were not subjected to pre-treatment. Good differentiation among all the analysed soft drinks was achieved using the voltammetric data. An analysis of the loading plots shows that the potentials of −0.65 V, −0.4 V, 0.4 V, and 0.750 V facilitated the discrimination process. The electrochemical processes related to this potential are the reduction of hydrogen ions and inhibition of the platinum oxidation by the caffeine adsorption on the electrode surface. Additionally, the single platinum microelectrode was useful for the quality control of the soft drink samples, as it helped to identify the time at which the beverage was opened.

"The Real Thing:" Nominal Price Rigidity of the Nickel Coke, 1886-1959

OpenAIRE

Daniel Levy; Andrew T. Young

2004-01-01

We report that the price of a 6.5oz Coke was 5¢ from 1886 until 1959. Thus, we are documenting a nominal price rigidity that lasted more than 70 years! The case of Coca-Cola is particularly interesting because during the 70-year period there were substantial changes in the soft drink industry as well as two World Wars, the Great Depression, and numerous regulatory interventions and lawsuits, which led to substantial changes in the Coca-Cola market conditions. The nickel price of Coke, neverth...

Twitter as driver of stock price

OpenAIRE

Jubbega, Annika

2012-01-01

The goal of this research is to examine the dynamic relationship of Twitter and stock price, by examining the effects for the ten most valuable brands according Interbrand (2010): Coca-Cola, IBM, Microsoft, Google, McDonald’s, Intel, Nokia, Disney, Toyota and Cisco. A VAR modelling approach captures the short and long term effects of Twitter to stock price and stock price to Twitter. Effects were found for 5 of the 10 brand. For Coca-Cola and Toyota, the number of brand sentiment tweets dri...

Social control as supplyside harm reduction strategy The case of an indigenous coca growing community in Peru

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

GARCIA-YI, Jaqueline

2014-05-01

Full Text Available Traditional coca uses have taken place in Peru and Bolivia from three thousand years. International organizations have urged the implementation of “zero-coca” growing policies in those countries, although without tangible results. Supply-side harm reduction strategies are currently being implemented in Bolivia, which rely on social control to limit, although not totally abolish coca growing. In this article, the different motivations for traditional coca growing are extensively reviewed, and the data from a survey conducted with 496 farmers in an indigenous community is examined, in order to provide a comprehensive overview of the coca-growing problem and to evaluate if social control could potentially influence the scale of coca growing in Peru. The results suggest that social control variables, such as attachment, involvement, and beliefs, seem to limit coca-growing areas. Those factors have been largely overlooked and may offer an opportunity to reduce coca areas if explicitly considered in anti-drug policy design.

Supplementation of soft drinks with metallic ions reduces dissolution of bovine enamel

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Heloisa Aparecida Barbosa da Silva Pereira

2013-07-01

Full Text Available OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the addition of metallic ions to carbonated drinks on their erosive potential. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Powdered enamel was added to carbonated beverages (Coca-ColaTM or Sprite ZeroTM and shaken for 30 s. The samples were then immediately centrifuged and the supernatant removed. This procedure was repeated 5 times with the beverages containing Cu2+, Mg2+, Mn2+ or Zn2+ (1.25-60 mmol/L. For Coca-ColaTM, the concentration of each ion that exhibited the highest protection was also evaluated in combination with Fe2+. The phosphate or calcium released were analyzed spectrophotometrically. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey's test (p<0.05. RESULTS: For Coca-ColaTM, the best protective effect was observed for Zn2+ alone (10 mmol/L or in combination (1 mmol/L with other ions (12% and 27%, respectively, when compared with the control. Regarding Sprite ZeroTM, the best protective effect was observed for Cu2+ at 15 and 30 mmol/L, which decreased the dissolution by 22-23%. Zn2+ at 2.5 mmol/L also reduced the dissolution of powdered enamel by 8%. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that the combination of metallic ions can be an alternative to reduce the erosive potential of Coca-ColaTM. Regarding Sprite ZeroTM, the addition of Cu2+ seems to be the best alternative.

Evaluation of heavy metals in the process of composting organic waste of coca leaves

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Apaza-Condori Emma Eva

2015-11-01

Full Text Available The present study is to evaluate the total concentrations of the heavy metals in waste compost samples from coca leaf. This work was carried out Kallutaca Experimental Center, Biofertilizers module Career Agricultural Engineering at the Public University of El Alto, La Paz municipality of Laja. Posed treatments were: T1 (+ Yogurt Coca wastes; T2 (Coca wastes + whey; T3 (Coca wastes + yeast and T4 (Control. The design was completely randomized with 4 treatments and 3 repetitions. The concentration of heavy metals (cadmium, copper, nickel, lead, mercury and chromium; they were categorized into Class A, for the four treatments according to the classifications established by Moreno & Moral (2008.

Defense Science Board Task Force Report: Predicting Violent Behavior

Science.gov (United States)

2012-08-01

Boeing • Coca Cola • Disney • Intel Corporation D E F E N S E S C I E N C E B O A R D | D E P A R T M E N T O F D E F E N S E DSB TASK FORCE...University of North Carolina Corporations:  Microsoft  Coca Cola  Boeing  Disney D E F E N S E S C I E N C E B O A R D | D E P A R T M E

Youth Work that Is of Value: Towards a Model of Best Practice

Science.gov (United States)

Bruce, Judy; Boyce, Kim; Campbell, Jono; Harrington, John; Major, Duane; Williams, Ange

2009-01-01

How do funding providers make informed decisions about funding youth work programs and services? One provider in New Zealand commissioned a group of participant-researchers to explore the question "What is youth work of value?" and then develop a model of best practice. The findings have implications for both youth work practitioners and…

Air Power in Irregular Warfare

Science.gov (United States)

2012-12-01

that Americans will return and bring with them “radios, TV’s, trucks, boats, watches, iceboxes, medicine, Coca - Cola and many wonderful things.”292 Some...three American contractors were employees of the Northrop Grumman Corporation. During a reconnaissance mission looking for coca fields and drug

37. Fais dodo, Colas

OpenAIRE

Delarue, Georges; Massignon, Geneviève

2014-01-01

A) M. Jérôme Bujold, Saint-Jules-de-Maria (Bonaventure), P. Q. 1946 : Recueillie en décembre 1946 Notée par une personne de l’entourage du chanteur. MÉLODIE 37-A Fais dodo, mon titi, mon Colas,Fais dodo, mon titi, mon Colas.Quand papa reviendraApport’ra des p’tits chats.Fais dodo, mon titi, mon p’tit frère,Fais dodo, mon titi, mon Colas. B) Mme Edouard Savoie, Haut-Lamèque (Gloucester), N.-B. 46 : Recueillie en août 1946. PAS DE MÉLODIE NOTÉE Fais dodo, Colas mon p’tit frère,Fais dodo, t’aura...

Short-term effects on bone turnover of replacing milk with cola beverages: a 10-day interventional study in young men.

Science.gov (United States)

Kristensen, Mette; Jensen, Marlene; Kudsk, Jane; Henriksen, Marianne; Mølgaard, Christian

2005-12-01

In the Western world, increased consumption of carbonated soft drinks combined with a decreasing intake of milk may increase the risk of osteoporosis. This study was designed to reflect the trend of replacing milk with carbonated beverages in a group of young men on a low-calcium diet and studies the effects of this replacement on calcium homeostasis and bone turnover. This controlled crossover intervention study included 11 healthy men (22-29 years) who were given a low-calcium basic diet in two 10-day intervention periods with an intervening 10-day washout. During one period, they drank 2.5 l of Coca Cola per day and during the other period 2.5 l of semi-skimmed milk. Serum concentrations of calcium, phosphate, 25-hydroxycholecalciferol, 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol (1,25(OH)2D), osteocalcin, bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (B-ALP) and cross-linked C-telopeptides (CTX), plasma intact parathyroid hormone (PTH) and urinary cross-linked N-telopeptides (NTX) were determined at baseline and endpoint of each intervention period. An increase in serum phosphate (Pcola period compared to the milk period. Also, bone resorption was significantly increased following the cola period, seen as increased serum CTX (Pcola with a low-calcium diet induces increased bone turnover compared to a high intake of milk with a low-calcium diet. Thus, the trend towards a replacement of milk with cola and other soft drinks, which results in a low calcium intake, may negatively affect bone health as indicated by this short-term study.

Colombian coca plants. A critical discussion on taxonomic aspects of cultivated Erythroxylum species (Erythroxylaceae)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Galindo Bonilla, Aida; Fernandez Alonzo, Jose Luis

2010-01-01

Forensic botany is in high demand in Colombia in connection with plant material, mainly coca from illicit crops. The taxonomic study of the two species and four varieties of Erythroxylum P. Browne (Erythroxylaceae) cultivated in Colombia was carried out. Hybridization between E. coca and E. novogranatense and between the two varieties of E. coca is suggested, and important changes in the geographic distribution of all taxa are described. Both, hybridization and changes in distribution patterns are due to anthropic intervention.

Peer and Cross-Age Tutoring. ERIC Digest, Number 79.

Science.gov (United States)

Gaustad, Joan

One-to-one tutoring programs, such as peer and cross-age tutoring, can result in emotional and learning benefits for the tutor and the tutee. Peer tutoring involves two students of the same age. In cross-age tutoring, the tutor is older than the tutee. The Willamette High School Peer Tutoring Program in Eugene, Oregon; the Coca-Cola Valued Youth…

Coca-Cola’s case

OpenAIRE

Fabregat García, Noelia

2015-01-01

Treball final de Grau en Finances i Comptabilitat. Codi: FC1049. Curs acadèmic 2014-2015 Coca-Cola’s case is a research paper based on cocacola bottling companies in Spain. Its aim is to analyse its financial statements and the conclusions about its corresponding profitability and liquidity indicators to finally reach the conclusion that this large reorganizations and the labour force adjustment plan suffered were not really argued and the alleged causes were not certa...

Effect of a common diet and regular beverage on enamel erosion in various temperatures: an in-vitro study.

Science.gov (United States)

Khamverdi, Zahra; Vahedi, Mohammad; Abdollahzadeh, Shermin; Ghambari, Mohammad Hosein

2013-09-01

This study compared diet and regular Coca-Cola on enamel erosion in cold and room temperatures. Seventy five enamel specimens were prepared and divided into 5 equal groups (N=15) as follows: Group 1: regular beverage at room temperature, Group 2: regular beverage at refri-gerator temperature, Group 3: diet beverage at room and Group 4: diet beverage at refrige-rator temperature. The specimens were immersed in the regular or diet beverage (Coca-Cola, trade mark regd. Khoshgovar Co., Tehran, Iran) at room (20°C) or refrigerator (2°C) temperatures for 20 minutes, 3 times per day for 7 days. Specimens in the control subjects (group 5) were placed in synthetic saliva at room temperature for 7 days. The hardness of specimens was tested using Vickers test under 500 gr loads for 5 seconds. The data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA and Tukey tests. The mean and standard deviations of micro-hardness values of the studied groups were as follow: G1: 304.26±29.71, G2: 285.53±42.14, G3: 279.06±39.52, G4: 266.80±23.98 and G5: 319± 30.79. There was a significant difference in the beverage type as the main factor (p0.05). Tukey tests showed that there were significant differences between control and diet groups as well as regular and diet groups. Diet Coca-Cola is more erosive than the regular type and the temperature of the beverages used had no significant influence on enamel erosion.

Assessing the acidity and total sugar content of four different commercially available beverages commonly consumed by children and its time-dependent effect on plaque and salivary pH

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Abhishek Jha

2015-01-01

Full Text Available Introduction: Sugared beverages such as cola, packaged juice, are known for cariogenicity their intake leads to the immediate drop in plaque and salivary pH, which can be an etiologic factor for dental caries. Objective: The objective was to assess the endogenous acidity and total sugar content of four commercially available beverages commonly consumed by children in India and its effect on salivary and plaque pH. Materials and Methods: A crossover controlled trial was conducted. 60 randomly selected school children from school at south Bangalore, who were meeting the inclusion criteria, were asked to refrain from oral hygiene practices for 24 h till the sample collection. Children were divided into four groups and for each group test drink was given. Plaque and salivary sample were collected at the time of 2, 5, 10, 20, and 30 min and were sent for pH estimation. 7 days of washout time was given for each cross-over and 3 such cross-over was done during the study and the drinks were interchanged. Results: Sweet lassi was found to be having maximum total sugar content of and Coca-Cola had the lowest pH 5.3. Milk showed least sugar content and highest pH (6.7. Study showed a significant drop in pH after consumption of all the test drinks (P = 0. 05. Carbonated beverage, that is, Coca-Cola Showed the maximum drop of pH, followed by Pulpy orange in both the plaque as well as saliva. Coca-Cola showed the drop of plaque pH below the critical level, 5.44 (0.134. Conclusion: Sweet lassi showed the maximum inherent total sugar content, lowest inherent pH and maximum fall in plaque and salivary pH, was found with Coca-Cola.

Preventive effects of different protective agents on dentin erosion: An in vitro investigation.

Science.gov (United States)

Poggio, Claudio; Gulino, Chiara; Mirando, Maria; Colombo, Marco; Pietrocola, Giampiero

2017-01-01

The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the preventive effects of different protective agents on dentine erosion, measuring mean percentage weight loss. Dissolution of dentine under erosive challenges caused by soft drinks was analyzed: specimens were weighed following each immersion period, with mean percent weight losses calculated. Extracted teeth were sectioned into uniform slabs. Seventy permanent enamel specimens were randomly distributed to seven groups. Initial weights of all dentin specimens were performed. The fluoride pastes Remin Pro, MI Paste Plus, Tooth Mousse, Biorepair, Biorepair Plus and Regenerate were used in this study. A control group was treated just with tap water. The specimens then were immersed in Coca-Cola for a total of 32 min at room temperature. Finally each specimen was dry and weighed. The mass loss was calculated as a percentage of that observed prior the fluoride pastes application. Weight loss data were subjected to Analysis of Variance (One-way ANOVA) followed by Bonferroni's post hoc tests. Percent weight loss of specimens exposed to early stages in Coca-Cola showed linear progression with time. Specimen's application of fluoridated varnishes such as Biorepair or Regenerate, prior immersion in Coca-Cola, significantly protect dentin from demineralization. Otherwise, application of Tooth Mousse or Biorepair Plus increased dentin demineralization starting from 24 min of immersion in Coca-Cola. Despite the limitations of this study, the protective pastes that showed the less weight loss due to the acidic challenge are Biorepair and Regenerate. Key words: Dentine, erosion, protective agents, soft drinks, toothpastes.

Geographically Sourcing Cocaine’s Origin - Delineation of the Nineteen Major Coca Growing Regions in South America

Science.gov (United States)

Mallette, Jennifer R.; Casale, John F.; Jordan, James; Morello, David R.; Beyer, Paul M.

2016-03-01

Previously, geo-sourcing to five major coca growing regions within South America was accomplished. However, the expansion of coca cultivation throughout South America made sub-regional origin determinations increasingly difficult. The former methodology was recently enhanced with additional stable isotope analyses (2H and 18O) to fully characterize cocaine due to the varying environmental conditions in which the coca was grown. An improved data analysis method was implemented with the combination of machine learning and multivariate statistical analysis methods to provide further partitioning between growing regions. Here, we show how the combination of trace cocaine alkaloids, stable isotopes, and multivariate statistical analyses can be used to classify illicit cocaine as originating from one of 19 growing regions within South America. The data obtained through this approach can be used to describe current coca cultivation and production trends, highlight trafficking routes, as well as identify new coca growing regions.

The Real Thing

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Holt Larsen, Henrik

2017-01-01

Mangfoldighed, retfærdighed og inklusion var de tre temaer, som blev foldet ud ved et AOM-besøg i Coca- Colas hovedsæde i Atlanta. I alt ca. 12 ledere, der er centralt placeret i f.t. virksomhedens enorme satsning på mangfoldighed og inklusion, præsenterede og diskuterede indbyrdes, hvori denne...... indsats består, hvorfor og hvordan den harmonerer med virksomhedens vision og ledelsesgrundlag, og hvordan den knytter virksomheden til det omliggende samfund, ikke blot i USA i de mange lande, hvor Coca-Colas drikke produceres og sælges....

Disrupted expected value signaling in youth with disruptive behavior disorders to environmental reinforcers.

Science.gov (United States)

White, Stuart F; Fowler, Katherine A; Sinclair, Stephen; Schechter, Julia C; Majestic, Catherine M; Pine, Daniel S; Blair, R James

2014-05-01

Youth with disruptive behavior disorders (DBD), including conduct disorder (CD) and oppositional defiant disorder (ODD), have difficulties in reinforcement-based decision making, the neural basis of which is poorly understood. Studies examining decision making in youth with DBD have revealed reduced reward responses within the ventromedial prefrontal cortex/orbitofrontal cortex (vmPFC/OFC), increased responses to unexpected punishment within the vmPFC and striatum, and reduced use of expected value information in the anterior insula cortex and dorsal anterior cingulate cortex during the avoidance of suboptimal choices. Previous work has used only monetary reinforcement. The current study examined whether dysfunction in youth with DBD during decision making extended to environmental reinforcers. A total of 30 youth (15 healthy youth and 15 youth with DBD) completed a novel reinforcement-learning paradigm using environmental reinforcers (physical threat images, e.g., striking snake image; contamination threat images, e.g., rotting food; appetitive images, e.g., puppies) while undergoing functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Behaviorally, healthy youth were significantly more likely to avoid physical threat, but not contamination threat, stimuli than youth with DBD. Imaging results revealed that youth with DBD showed significantly reduced use of expected value information in the bilateral caudate, thalamus, and posterior cingulate cortex during the avoidance of suboptimal responses. The current data suggest that youth with DBD show deficits to environmental reinforcers similar to the deficits seen to monetary reinforcers. Importantly, this deficit was unrelated to callous-unemotional (CU) traits, suggesting that caudate impairment may be a common deficit across youth with DBD. Published by Elsevier Inc.

Purchase and consumption: The interdisciplinary nature of analysing food choice

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Grunert, Klaus G.

2003-01-01

We can safely assume that the Coca Cola company is familiar with concepts like segmentation and the marketing mix, and that reading the Garber et al. paper therefore would not have saved them from one of the biggest marketing blunders in history. If there is anything we can learn from the Coca Co...

Establishing Normative Reference Values for Standing Broad Jump among Hungarian Youth

Science.gov (United States)

Saint-Maurice, Pedro F.; Laurson, Kelly R.; Kaj, Mónika; Csányi, Tamás

2015-01-01

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine age and sex trends in anaerobic power assessed by a standing broad jump and to determine norm-referenced values for youth in Hungary. Method: A sample of 2,427 Hungarian youth (1,360 boys and 1,067 girls) completed the standing broad jump twice, and the highest distance score was recorded. Quantile…

USSR Report, International Affairs

Science.gov (United States)

1987-03-26

limited opportunities to appeal to a nationwide audience . The limitation on financial resources and absence of access to nationwide radio and television...PRODUCTION TO BEGIN—Yet another drink, Coca-cola will be added to Fanta and Pepsi Cola drinks which are produced in our country. Its production will

Pepsi und Coca ewige Rivallen

OpenAIRE

POLJAKOW ANDREJ; POLJAKOW WLADIMIR

2016-01-01

Fast jeder kennt Pepsi und Coca. Man kann sie treffen praktisch in jedem Geschaeft. Dennoch nicht alle wissen, dass diese Firmen Erzrivallen sind und das ihre Rivallitaet sich seit Ewigkeit dauert. In meinem Artikel, welches ich in der Zusammenarbeit mit meinem Vater schrieb versuchte ich den Weg beider Firmen von der Gruendung bis heutigen Tagen zu beschreiben. Auf diesem Weg trafen sich technologische Aenderungen, Gerichtsverhandlungen, sowie geschickte Tricks. Wichtige Rolle spielt auch Ma...

Efectos toxicológicos y neuropsiquiátricos producidos por consumo de cocaína

OpenAIRE

Téllez Mosquera, Jairo; Cote Menéndez, Miguel

2014-01-01

Este artículo realiza una revisión sobre la historia, la cultura, los aspectos clínico toxicológicos y los efectos en el comportamiento producidos por el uso agudo y crónico de la cocaína. La cocaína como sustancia psicoactiva sin importar su forma de consumo, una vez dentro del organismo sigue las mismas vías metabólicas, produciendo efecto sobre los diferentes órganos. La toxicidad de la cocaína es debida a su metabolito el benzoilecgonina un potente agonista a...

In vitro evaluation of the erosive potential of viscosity-modified soft acidic drinks on enamel.

Science.gov (United States)

Aykut-Yetkiner, Arzu; Wiegand, Annette; Ronay, Valerie; Attin, Rengin; Becker, Klaus; Attin, Thomas

2014-04-01

The objective of this in vitro study was to investigate the effect of viscosity-modified soft acidic drinks on enamel erosion. A total of 108 bovine enamel samples (∅ = 3 mm) were embedded in acrylic resin and allocated into six groups (n = 18). Soft acidic drinks (orange juice, Coca-Cola, Sprite) were used both in their regular forms and at a kinetic viscositiy of 5 mm(2)/s, which was adjusted by adding hydroxypropyl cellulose. All solutions were pumped over the enamel surface from a reservoir with a drop rate of 3 ml/min. Each specimen was eroded for 10 min at 20 °C. Erosion of enamel surfaces was measured using profilometry. Data were analyzed using independent t tests and one-way ANOVAs (p Coca-Cola, 5.60 ± 1.04 μm; Sprite, 5.49 ± 0.94 μm; orange juice, 1.35 ± 0.4 μm) than for the viscosity-modified drinks (Coca-Cola, 4.90 ± 0.34 μm; Sprite, 4.46 ± 0.39 μm; orange juice, 1.10 ± 0.22 μm). For both regular and viscosity-modified forms, Coca-Cola and Sprite caused higher enamel loss than orange juice. Increasing the viscosity of acidic soft drinks to 5 mm(2)/s reduced enamel erosion by 12.6-18.7 %. The erosive potential of soft acidic drinks is not only dependent on various chemical properties but also on the viscosity of the acidic solution and can be reduced by viscosity modification.

In vitro demineralization of enamel by orange juice, apple juice, Pepsi Cola and Diet Pepsi Cola.

Science.gov (United States)

Grobler, S R; Senekal, P J; Laubscher, J A

1990-12-01

Enamel demineralization was studied over periods related to normal use of an orange juice, an apple juice, Pepsi Cola and Diet Pepsi Cola. Rectangular blocks of intact human enamel (3 mm x 3 mm) were cut from teeth, coated with nail varnish except for the enamel surface and exposed to the drinks for 2, 4, 5, 6 or 40 minutes. The amount of calcium released from the enamel into solution was determined with the use of an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The results showed the following degree of enamel demineralization: Pepsi Cola = orange juice greater than apple juice greater than Diet Pepsi Cola. The results suggest that diet colas are less demineralizing than other acid drinks, and complementary plaque studies indicate that they are also less cariogenic. The study emphasized the importance of acid-type, buffer capacity, pH and the presence of other components on the degree of enamel demineralization.

An analysis of the potassium concentrations of soft drinks by HPGe gamma spectrometry

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Guillermo Espinosa; Jose-Ignacio Golzarri; Ilsa Hernandez-Ibinarriaga

2009-01-01

Potassium, in a variety of compounds, occurs in abundance in the Earth's crust, and is an essential nutrient for human health. A naturally occurring radioactive isotope of potassium, 40 K, is found in the food and water that we consume. This paper presents the results of a gamma spectrometry analysis of the 40 K concentrations of a selection of commercial soft drinks. The 40 K concentrations are used to calculate the overall potassium concentrations. The analysis was carried out using a hyper-pure germanium (HPGe) detector with Ortec R ASPEC-927 multichannel analyzer module and GammaVision R software. This system was chosen for its high resolution and automatic data processing. The carbonated soft drinks (sodas) Coca-Cola R , Coca-Cola Light R (sold as Diet Coke R in the USA and other countries), Coca-Cola Zero R , Pepsi R , Pepsi Light R , Pepsi Max R , Big Cola R , Lulu-Cola R , Manzana Lift R , Sprite R and Fanta R and the mineral waters Ciel R and Penafiel R were analyzed. These brands are all international registered trademarks. The products analyzed were manufactured and bottled in Mexico. The results show a great variety of potassium concentrations in the different soft drinks analyzed (from 128.0 to 1113.1 mg/L). The concentration of potassium in the sodas, in conjunction with the amounts drank by one person in a year (180 L/year), are high enough to warrant consideration by public health authorities and by people to whom high potassium intakes pose a risk. (author)

Short-term effects of replacing milk with cola beverages on insulin-like growth factor-I and insulin-glucose metabolism: a 10 d interventional study in young men.

Science.gov (United States)

Hoppe, Camilla; Kristensen, Mette; Boiesen, Marlene; Kudsk, Jane; Fleischer Michaelsen, Kim; Mølgaard, Christian

2009-10-01

In the Western world, a trend towards increased consumption of carbonated soft drinks combined with a decreasing intake of milk is observed. This may affect circulating insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) and fasting insulin, as seen in pre-pubertal children. The present study was designed to reflect the trend of replacing milk with carbonated beverages in young men and to study the effects of this replacement on IGF-I, IGF-binding protein 3 (IGFBP-3), IGF-I:IGFBP-3 and glucose-insulin metabolism. A randomised, controlled crossover intervention study, in which eleven men aged 22-29 years were given a low-Ca diet in two 10 d periods with 10 d washout in between. In one period, they drank 2.5 litres of Coca Cola(R) per day and the other period 2.5 litres of semi-skimmed milk. Serum IGF-I, IGFBP-3 (RIA), insulin (fluoro immunoassay) and glucose (Cobas) were determined at baseline and end point of each intervention period. Insulin resistance and beta-cell function were calculated with the homeostasis model assessment. A decrease in serum IGF-I was observed in the cola period compared with the milk period (P cola over a 10 d period decreases total IGF-I compared with a high intake of milk, with no effect on glucose-insulin metabolism in adult men. It is unknown whether this is a transient phenomenon or whether it has long-term consequences.

Applying the Three C’s of Sustainable Development to Defense Department Planning

Science.gov (United States)

2012-04-30

opportunity. For example, Coca - Cola aggressively pursued the water market by using its superior buyer value analysis and signaling capabilities to create a...company is to understand and communicate with its target market —smokers. Indeed, we would expect that they would understand the psychological profile of...to seek NPS faculty research supporting the interests of our program sponsors. Finally, we serve as a “broker” to market specific research topics

U.S. Strategic Communication: Getting It Right

Science.gov (United States)

2008-03-12

effort quickly revealed that selling Coca - Cola is easier than changing perceptions and attitudes.9 Under Secretary of State for Public Diplomacy and... advertising , while others see it as a way to communicate values and ideals. And, it is inadequately funded to perform its mission. The U.S. Government can...mundane advertising efforts. Indeed, the administration’s initial reliance on marketing executive Charlotte Beers for its early public diplomacy

Examination of Youth Team Athletes' Social Values According to Some Variables

Science.gov (United States)

Özdenk, Serhat; Karabulut, Ebru Olcay

2018-01-01

In this study, it was aimed to examine of youth team athletes' social values according to some variables. The study was carried out by screening model and includes in range of 9-17 years 273 youth team athletes who take part in individual and team sports such as Taekwondo, Handball, Badminton, Wrestling, Volleyball and Football. "A Tool for…

Arteriopatía periférica crónica inducida por cocaína

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Sonia Pankl

2012-02-01

Full Text Available La trombosis periférica aguda inducida por cocaína ha sido descripta en la literatura, siendo una complicación poco común. Si bien existen comunicaciones que reflejan los efectos crónicos de la cocaína sobre el sistema arterial periférico, no hay casos publicados de tal complicación en ausencia de otros factores de riesgo. Se presenta el caso de una mujer de 22 años de edad con antecedentes de consumo de cocaína intranasal de 3 gramos por semana durante un año, que consultó por claudicación intermitente a los 200 metros asociada a dolor y parestesias en miembro inferior izquierdo de 2 meses de evolución. El ecodoppler arterial evidenció una estenosis mayor del 70% en la arteria femoral superficial izquierda. Se realizaron estudios complementarios descartando otras etiologías probables. Se inició tratamiento con ácido acetilsalicílico, cilostazol y ejercicio reglado, asociado a terapia de apoyo para mantenimiento del cese del consumo de cocaína, con buena respuesta. Se destaca la importancia de la difusión de información a los pacientes, dado que la mayoría de la población desconoce las complicaciones cardiovasculares de dicha adicción. Es indispensable indagar sobre el consumo de cocaína en pacientes jóvenes con arteriopatía sin factores de riesgo aparentes.

Testing the Effect of Aggressive Beverage on the Damage of Enamel Structure

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Mitar Lutovac

2017-12-01

Full Text Available BACKGROUND: Dental erosion is a common problem in modern societies, owing to the increased consumption of acid drinks such as soft drinks, sports drinks, fruit juice. Examining the enamel surface with the Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM enables more precise registering and defining the changes of enamel surface structure and microhardness. This method can be used to compare the efficiency of application of different preventive and therapy materials and medicaments in dentistry. The chronic regular consumption of low pH cola drinks encouraged the erosion of the teeth. The loss of anatomy and sensitivity are direct results of acid cola dissolving coronal tooth material. Under the influence of coca cola, a change of crystal structure and nanomorphology on enamel surface occurs. AIM: This paper reflects dental damage from abusive cola drinking, and the clinical presentation can be explained from data presented in this thesis. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The trial was conducted on a total of 40 extracted teeth which were divided into two groups treated with the solution of coca cola during 5 minutes, and then prepared and tested with a standard AFM procedure, type SPM-5200. Quantitative analysis was performed by comparing the roughness parameters (Ra of the treated and non-treated sample. RESULTS: Based on the test of a hypothesis of the existence of differences between the treated and untreated sample, with an application of a t-test, it is shown that there are statistically highly significant differences between Ra of the treated sample with a 5-minute treatment of coca cola and Ra of the same sample without the treatment. CONCLUSION: Use of AFM enables successful monitoring of changes on enamel surface as well as the interpretation of the ultrastructural configuration of the crystal stage and the damage created under the influence of different external factors.

Testing the Effect of Aggressive Beverage on the Damage of Enamel Structure

Science.gov (United States)

Lutovac, Mitar; Popova, Olga V.; Macanovic, Gordana; Kristina, Radoman; Lutovac, Bojana; Ketin, Sonja; Biocanin, Rade

2017-01-01

BACKGROUND: Dental erosion is a common problem in modern societies, owing to the increased consumption of acid drinks such as soft drinks, sports drinks, fruit juice. Examining the enamel surface with the Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) enables more precise registering and defining the changes of enamel surface structure and microhardness. This method can be used to compare the efficiency of application of different preventive and therapy materials and medicaments in dentistry. The chronic regular consumption of low pH cola drinks encouraged the erosion of the teeth. The loss of anatomy and sensitivity are direct results of acid cola dissolving coronal tooth material. Under the influence of coca cola, a change of crystal structure and nanomorphology on enamel surface occurs. AIM: This paper reflects dental damage from abusive cola drinking, and the clinical presentation can be explained from data presented in this thesis. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The trial was conducted on a total of 40 extracted teeth which were divided into two groups treated with the solution of coca cola during 5 minutes, and then prepared and tested with a standard AFM procedure, type SPM-5200. Quantitative analysis was performed by comparing the roughness parameters (Ra) of the treated and non-treated sample. RESULTS: Based on the test of a hypothesis of the existence of differences between the treated and untreated sample, with an application of a t-test, it is shown that there are statistically highly significant differences between Ra of the treated sample with a 5-minute treatment of coca cola and Ra of the same sample without the treatment. CONCLUSION: Use of AFM enables successful monitoring of changes on enamel surface as well as the interpretation of the ultrastructural configuration of the crystal stage and the damage created under the influence of different external factors. PMID:29362633

Testing the Effect of Aggressive Beverage on the Damage of Enamel Structure.

Science.gov (United States)

Lutovac, Mitar; Popova, Olga V; Macanovic, Gordana; Kristina, Radoman; Lutovac, Bojana; Ketin, Sonja; Biocanin, Rade

2017-12-15

Dental erosion is a common problem in modern societies, owing to the increased consumption of acid drinks such as soft drinks, sports drinks, fruit juice. Examining the enamel surface with the Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) enables more precise registering and defining the changes of enamel surface structure and microhardness. This method can be used to compare the efficiency of application of different preventive and therapy materials and medicaments in dentistry. The chronic regular consumption of low pH cola drinks encouraged the erosion of the teeth. The loss of anatomy and sensitivity are direct results of acid cola dissolving coronal tooth material. Under the influence of coca cola, a change of crystal structure and nanomorphology on enamel surface occurs. This paper reflects dental damage from abusive cola drinking, and the clinical presentation can be explained from data presented in this thesis. The trial was conducted on a total of 40 extracted teeth which were divided into two groups treated with the solution of coca cola during 5 minutes, and then prepared and tested with a standard AFM procedure, type SPM-5200. Quantitative analysis was performed by comparing the roughness parameters (Ra) of the treated and non-treated sample. Based on the test of a hypothesis of the existence of differences between the treated and untreated sample, with an application of a t-test, it is shown that there are statistically highly significant differences between Ra of the treated sample with a 5-minute treatment of coca cola and Ra of the same sample without the treatment. Use of AFM enables successful monitoring of changes on enamel surface as well as the interpretation of the ultrastructural configuration of the crystal stage and the damage created under the influence of different external factors.

International Terrorism: A Chronology (1974 Supplement)

Science.gov (United States)

1976-02-01

Seven bombs exploded at U.S.-owned and other companies in Mexico during the night of February 24. There were no injuries. Pepsi -Cola and Union...branches; Xerox Corporation; and Coca-Cola and Pepsi -Cola bottling companies. 550. September 19 Argentina. The MoNTONEROS killed two persons and...responsibility. 584. December 11 Israel. A man hurled hand grenades into a mov- ie theater audience in Tel Aviv, killing two people, including himself, and

Expectancy-Value Beliefs of Early-Adolescent Hispanic and Non-Hispanic Youth

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Nayssan Safavian

2016-10-01

Full Text Available This study used the Eccles et al. expectancy-value (E-V theory to test the influence of motivation on mathematics achievement and enrollment using data from a cohort of 926 seventh-grade prealgebra students (49% male, 76% Hispanic, 76% low income, and 55% English learner. E-V beliefs were assessed in seventh grade along with achievement, and enrollment was measured in eighth grade. Differential associations of motivation, achievement, and enrollment were examined across Hispanic and non-Hispanic populations. Expectancy for success and task value uniquely predicted seventh-grade achievement and eighth-grade algebra enrollment after controlling for prior achievement and a full set of demographic controls, including low socioeconomic status and English fluency. The association of interest value and achievement differentiated across Hispanic and non-Hispanic youth, suggesting that the effect of interest value on mathematics achievement was weaker for Hispanic youth than for non-Hispanics after accounting for success expectations and prior achievement.

Chronic effects of soft drink consumption on the health state of Wistar rats: A biochemical, genetic and histopathological study

Science.gov (United States)

ALKHEDAIDE, ADEL; SOLIMAN, MOHAMED MOHAMED; SALAH-ELDIN, ALAA-ELDIN; ISMAIL, TAMER AHMED; ALSHEHIRI, ZAFER SAAD; ATTIA, HOSSAM FOUAD

2016-01-01

The present study was performed to examine the effects of chronic soft drink consumption (SDC) on oxidative stress, biochemical alterations, gene biomarkers and histopathology of bone, liver and kidney. Free drinking water of adult male Wistar rats was substituted with three different soft drinks: Coca-Cola, Pepsi and 7-Up, for three consecutive months. The serum and organs were collected for examining the biochemical parameters associated with bone, liver and kidney functions. Semi-quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was used to observe the changes in the expression of genes in the liver and kidney, which are associated with oxidative stress resistance. Histopathological investigations were performed to determine the changes in bone, liver and kidney tissues using hematoxylin and eosin stains. SDC affected liver, kidney and bone function biomarkers. Soft drinks increased oxidative stress, which is represented by an increase in malondialdehyde and a decrease in antioxidant levels. SDC affected serum mineral levels, particularly calcium and phosphorus. Soft drinks downregulated the expression levels of glutathione-S-transferase and super oxide dismutase in the liver compared with that of control rats. Rats administered Coca-Cola exhibited a hepatic decrease in the mRNA expression of α2-macroglobulin compared with rats administered Pepsi and 7-Up. On the other hand, SDC increased the mRNA expression of α1-acid glycoprotein. The present renal studies revealed that Coca-Cola increased the mRNA expression levels of desmin, angiotensinogen and angiotensinogen receptor compared with the other groups, together with mild congestion in renal histopathology. Deleterious histopathological changes were reported predominantly in the bone and liver of the Coca-Cola and Pepsi groups. In conclusion, a very strict caution must be considered with SDC due to the increase in oxidative stress biomarkers and disruption in the expression of certain genes

Estratégias mercadológicas de empresas transnacionais em um mercado global marcado por diferentes níveis de desenvolvimento das nações: um estudo de caso da the coca-cola company 10.5102/uri.v9i1.1339

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Luciana Cantuária Lôbo

2011-06-01

Full Text Available Este trabalho buscou verificar o grau de alinhamento da estratégia de composição do mix de produtos das empresas transnacionais aos diferentes níveis de desenvolvimento dos mercados consumidores dos países onde atuam. Para atender a esse objetivo, a pesquisa seguiu uma concepção descritiva-quantitativa, e se baseou no método de estudo de caso único da empresa The Coca-Cola Company. A metodologia adotada se baseou no cálculo do índice de correlação de Pearson entre duas variáveis: o Índice de Desenvolvimento Humano e o número de categorias de produtos comercializados em cada país onde a empresa estudada opera. Os resultados mostram uma alta correlação positiva entre as duas variáveis consideradas. Assim, acredita-se que a principal contribuição deste trabalho é apontar para a estratégia de adequação local da organização estudada para atender as necessidades específicas da população de forma rentável em cada país, na medida em que se percebe que as novas tendências de consumo não necessariamente estão ocorrendo de forma homogênea entre as nações, notadamente entre as de alto e baixo IDH.

COMUNIDADES VIRTUAIS COMO POTENCIALIZADORAS DE CRISES DE IMAGEM ORGANIZACIONAL

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Luís Henrique Rauber

2007-01-01

Full Text Available O presente artigo propõe discutir a importância do uso das comunidades virtuais na atualidade e sua relação com as crises de imagem nas organizações. Entendendo que o público usuário das marcas (cliente-consumidor, a partir do contato e da possibilidade de interação com estas comunidades virtuais, pode opinar e, também, receber informações sobre os produtos e serviços (sejam estas positivas ou negativas, estabelecer-se-ão exemplos de como isso ocorre, mencionando a comunidade virtual oficial da Coca-Cola na rede social Orkut. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Comunidades virtuais. Crises de imagem. Rede social. Publicidade. Coca-Cola.

Charting the Eccles' Expectancy-Value Model from Mothers' Beliefs in Childhood to Youths' Activities in Adolescence

Science.gov (United States)

Simpkins, Sandra D.; Fredricks, Jennifer A.; Eccles, Jacquelynne S.

2012-01-01

The Eccles' expectancy-value model posits that a cascade of mechanisms explain associations between parents' beliefs and youths' achievement-related behaviors. Specifically, parents' beliefs predict parents' behaviors; in turn, parents' behaviors predict youths' motivational beliefs, and youths' motivational beliefs predict their behaviors. This…

Effect of the aqueous, acidic and alcoholic extract of dried leaves of Erythroxylum coca var. coca (coca in Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Microsporum canis and Candida albicans in vitro

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Medalit Luna-Vílchez

2017-06-01

Full Text Available Objective: To evaluate the effect of the aqueous, acidic and alcoholic extract of dried leaves of Erythroxylum coca var. coca (coca in Trichophyton rubrum (TR, Trichophyton mentagrophytes (TM, Microsporum canis (MC and Candida albicans (CA in vitro. Materials and methods: An experimental study which evaluated the presence or absence of fungal growth, and fungal growth rate from the seeding point, compared to fungal growth in Sabouraud Agar (SA using Siegel-Tukey and KruskalWallis tests (p<0.05. Results: The CA group showed a statistical difference (p<0.05 between the following groups: 99.9% ethanol vs. aqueous, 99.9% ethanol vs. 0.01M HCl, 99.9% ethanol vs. control, control vs. aqueous, 0.01M HCl vs. control. The TR group showed a statistical difference (p<0.05 between the following groups: 99.9% ethanol vs. 0.01M HCl, 99.9% ethanol vs. aqueous, 99.9% ethanol vs. control, 0.01M HCl vs. control. The TM group showed a statistical difference (p<0.05 between the following groups: 99.9% ethanol vs. 0.01M HCl, 99.9% ethanol vs. control, aqueous vs. acid, aqueous vs. control. The MC group showed a statistical difference (p<0.05 between the following groups: 99.9% ethanol vs. 0.01M HCl, 99.9% ethanol vs. control, aqueous vs. acid, aqueous vs. control. In all the cases, the results of the 0.01M HCl vs. aqueous group were not significant. Conclusions: The aqueous, acidic and alcoholic extracts have no effect on the growth of CA and TM, but the alcoholic extract has effects on the growth of TR and MC. In addition, there were differences in the growth rate of CA, TR and TM in the aqueous, acidic and alcoholic extracts compared to that in SA. However only TR, TM and MC showed differences in their growth rate in the alcoholic extract.

Civilian Surge: Key to Complex Operations

Science.gov (United States)

2008-12-01

capabilities, developing and implementing activities through regional field teams.”25 The advertised value of the IMS is that it “clarifies roles...Benefits This category includes benefits such as danger pay, post differential, cost-of-living adjustments ( COLA ), and additional personal equipment...land, sea, air) in the region. Coca plants are grown and cocaine is produced in Colombia, Bolivia, and Peru, known as the “source zone.” The “transit

Erosive effects of common beverages on extracted premolar teeth.

Science.gov (United States)

Seow, W K; Thong, K M

2005-09-01

Dental erosion is highly prevalent today, and acidic drinks are thought to be an important cause. The aim of the present investigation was to determine the erosive potential of a range of common beverages on extracted human teeth. The beverages were tested for their individual pHs using a pH meter. The clinical effects of the most erosive beverages were determined by the degree of etching and Vickers microhardness of enamel. The results showed that many common beverages have pHs sufficiently low to cause enamel erosion. Lime juice concentrate (pH 2.1) had the lowest pH, followed by Coca-cola and Pepsi (both with pH 2.3) and Lucozade (pH 2.5). The erosive potential of these beverages was demonstrated by the deep etching of the enamel after five minutes. The Vickers Hardness of enamel was reduced by about 50 per cent in the case of lime juice (p case of Coca-cola (p Coca-cola completely reversed the erosive effects on the enamel. Although only a few of the beverages with the lowest pHs were tested, the present study showed that the most acidic drinks had the greatest erosive effects on enamel. While saliva was protective against erosion, relatively large volumes were required to neutralize the acidity.

New and safe treatment of food impacted in the esophagus: a single center experience of 100 consecutive cases.

Science.gov (United States)

Shafique, Muhammad; Yaqub, Sheraz; Lie, Erik S; Dahl, Vegard; Olsbø, Frode; Røkke, Ola

2013-01-01

Aim. Large food bits can get stuck in the esophagus and must be removed by endoscopy. In some cases, this can be difficult or unsafe. We describe a new and safe treatment for such patients. Materials and Methods. 100 consecutive patients were referred to Akershus University Hospital with impacted food in the esophagus. In 36 patients (36%), the food passed spontaneously. In 59 (92%) of the remaining 64 patients, the food was removed by endoscopic intervention. In the last five patients, endoscopic removal was judged difficult or unsafe. These patients received the new treatment: one capsule Creon 10000 IU dissolved in 30 mL of Coca-Cola administered by a nasooesophageal tube four times daily for 2-3 days. Results. Of the 59 patients treated with endoscopic procedure, complications occurred in four (7%): three bleedings and one perforation of the esophagus. In five patients treated with Coca-Cola and Creon, the food had either passed or was soft after 2-3 days and could easily be removed. Conclusion. The treatment of choice of impacted food in the esophagus is endoscopic removal. In cases where this is difficult, we recommend treatment with Coca-Cola and Creon for 2-3 days before complications occur.

The effects of two soft drinks on bond strength, bracket microleakage, and adhesive remnant on intact and sealed enamel.

Science.gov (United States)

Navarro, Raúl; Vicente, Ascensión; Ortiz, Antonio J; Bravo, Luis A

2011-02-01

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of Coca-Cola and Schweppes Limón on bond strength, adhesive remnant, and microleakage beneath brackets. One hundred and twenty upper central incisor brackets were bonded to bovine incisors and divided into three groups: (1) Control, (2) Coca-Cola, and (3) Schweppes Limón. The teeth were submerged in the drinks three times a day for 15 minutes over a 15 day period. Shear bond strength (SBS) was measured with a universal testing machine, and adhesive remnant evaluated using image analysis equipment. Microleakage at the enamel-adhesive and adhesive-bracket interfaces was determined using methylene blue. One hundred and eight teeth were used for scanning electron microscopy to determine the effect of the drinks on intact and sealed enamel. SBS and adhesive remnant data were analysed using the Kruskal-Wallis test (P adhesive remnant between the groups (P > 0.05). Microleakage at the enamel-adhesive interface for groups 2 and 3 was significantly greater than for group 1 (P adhesive-bracket interface, microleakage was significantly greater in group 2 than in group 1 (P enamel erosion, loss of adhesive and microleakage. Coca-Cola and Schweppes Limón did not affect the SBS of brackets or the adhesive remnant.

Üritusturundus aitab kommunikatsiooni kujundada personaalseks / Hardi Kinnas, Mark Kuslapuu

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Kinnas, Hardi

2013-01-01

Innovatsioonist üritusturunduses. Üritusturundus kui ettevõtte strateegiline kommunikatsioonikanal. Tehnoloogia abil kliendisuhtesse panustamisest. Näitena EMT mobiilirakendus EMT Live ja Coca-Cola personaliseeritud joogipurkide ja -pudelite turunduskampaania

Kobarkino ooperisõpradest tulvil / Heili Vaus-Tamm

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Vaus-Tamm, Heili, 1961-

2009-01-01

Metropolitan Opera HD-otseülekanded Tallinna Coca-Cola Plazas: 24. jaanuaril linastunud Christoph Willibald Glucki ooperist "Orpheus ja Eurydike" ja 7. veebruaril Gaetano Donizetti "Lucia di Lammermoorist"

Linn annab tublile Estonia koorilauljale ranitsatoetust / Ragne Jõerand

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Jõerand, Ragne, 1970-

2015-01-01

Coca-Cola Plazas 13. augustil toimuvast Tallinna Linnavalitsuse ja Eesti Punase Risti kampaaniast Ranits 2015, kus vähekindlustatud perede lapsed saavad kooliaasta alguse puhul kingituseks koolitarvetega ranitsa

Coca-Cola otdõhhajet / Viktoria Panova

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Panova, Viktoria

2006-01-01

10. Pimedate Ööde Filmifestival algab. Festivali toimumispaikadest, filmiprogrammidest, alafestivalidest : animafestival Animated Dreams, tudengifilmifestival Sleepwalkers, laste- ja noortefilmi festival Just

Chronic consumption of fructose rich soft drinks alters tissue lipids of rats

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Botezelli Jose D

2010-06-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background Fructose-based diets are apparently related to the occurrence of several metabolic dysfunctions, but the effects of the consumption of high amounts of fructose on body tissues have not been well described. The aim of this study was to analyze the general characteristics and the lipid content of different tissues of rats after chronic ingestion of a fructose rich soft drink. Methods Forty-five Wistar rats were used. The rats were divided into three groups (n = 15 and allowed to consume water (C, light Coca Cola ® (L or regular Coca Cola® (R as the sole source of liquids for eight weeks. Results The R group presented significantly higher daily liquid intake and significantly lower food intake than the C and L groups. Moreover, relative to the C and L groups, the R group showed higher triglyceride concentrations in the serum and liver. However, the L group animals presented lower values of serum triglycerides and cholesterol than controls. Conclusions Based on the results, it can be concluded that daily ingestion of a large amount of fructose- rich soft drink resulted in unfavorable alterations to the lipid profile of the rats.

How Coke Added Life to its Video Network.

Science.gov (United States)

Curran, Patrick D.

1981-01-01

Describes how Coca-Cola's training department identified problems in the use of a video training package and made improvements that expanded the potential of the corporation-wide training network. (SK)

Ocular dynamics of Garcinia cola (Heckel on healthy volunteers following bolus ingestion

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

S. A. Igwe

2007-12-01

Full Text Available Garcinia cola Heckel, an angiospermae belonging to the  family Guttiferae, is known in commerce as bitter cola. It is a plant found in the West African subregion, mostly in moist conditions, and often in association with Cola acuminata. The seeds are highly valued ingredients in African ethonomedicine. The seeds have several social uses and applications in folk medicine. These seeds are ordinarily chewed by the local people without prescription or restriction. In an in vivo case control study, the effects of Garcinia cola on some visual functions: pupil diameter, near point of convergence (NPC, amplitude of accommodation (AA, intraocular pressure (IOP, visual acuity (VA and habitual phoria; following bolus ingestion of 20 g was undertaken using healthy visually active volunteers. Results showed that bolus ingestion of Garcinia cola constricted the pupil by 68%, reduced the NPC by 28%, increased the AA by 17.8% at peak effect and decreased the intraocular pressure by 31% without affecting the distance and near VA. The lateral phoria at far and near tended towards esophoria. Possibly the miotic effect and reduction in IOP could be of benefit to patients with raised IOP where conventional drugs may not be effective. Also it is possible that the effects on phoria could be exploited in oculomotor function in combination with visual training.

What Intellectual Property lawyers can Learn from Barbra Streisand ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

... lawyers can Learn from Barbra Streisand, Sepp Blatter, and the "Coca-Cola ... rights; Overly-aggressive enforcement; Rights holder over-reach; Litigation strategy; ... 'Trademark extortion'; 'Duty to police'; Streisand effect; Ambush marketing.

Maailma majandusse suurkontsernide kaudu / Tiina Hakman

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Hakman, Tiina

1996-01-01

Maailma suurfirmade esindused Eestis: Ericsson, ABB, Coca-Cola, McDonalds, Bristol-Meyers Squibb, Neste, Shell. Ilmunud ka: Molodjozh Estonii, 6. aug. 1996, lk. 3; Russkaja Gazeta, 27. aug. 1996, lk. 3

Pan-Baltic Linas Libikas - sometimes Hobbes, sometimes Calvin / Linas Libikas ; interv. Ingrid Nielsen

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Libikas, Linas

2004-01-01

Coca-Cola HBC Eesti AS-i turundusjuht olukorrast Baltimaade reklaamiturul, turundusspetsialistide sagedase töökohavahetamise võimalikest põhjustest ning oma eesmärkidest ettevõtte eesotsas. Lisa: Linas Libikas

Kinopilet kallines : 115 krooni õhtuse filmielamuse eest / Mari Sarv

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Sarv, Mari, 1978-

2005-01-01

Kinopileti hinna tõstmisest Coca Cola Plaza ja Kosmose kinodes Tallinnas. Lisatud tabelid "Kinopiletite hinnad maailmas keskmist palka arvestades", "Õhtuse pileti hind MPDE kinodes", samuti piletihinna kohta teistes Eesti kinodes

["Fabulous things". Drug narratives about coca and cocaine in the 19th century].

Science.gov (United States)

Wahrig, Bettina

2009-12-01

This contribution focuses on the history of Coca leaves and Cocaine in the second half of 19th century Europe. Even though, to date, no direct link has been established between the activities of the Milano physician Paolo Mantegazza, and the Göttingen chemist Friedrich Wöhler, it is not a mere coincidence that both published their findings in the same year, namely, 1859. Mantegazza authored the first treatise claiming that Coca had psychoactive qualities and touted its broad therapeutic faculties; he claimed that it should be introduced into European pharmacotherapy. In Wöhler's laboratory, cocaine was isolated from leaves by his pupil Alfred Niemann; later, Wilhelm Lossen refined and corrected Niemann's results. Narratives about medicinal drugs often streamline history into a story that starts with multiple meanings and impure matters and ends with well-defined substances, directed at clear-cut diseases and symptoms. In the case of Coca, however, the pure substance triggered no such process well into the 1880s, whereas the leaves continued to circulate as an exotic, pluripotent drug whose effects where miraculous and yet difficult to establish.

POSTKAPİTALİST DÖNEMDE KÜRESEL MARKALARIN YENİ PAZARLAMA STRATEJİSİ: KİTLELERİN YENİ YAŞAM KOÇU OLARAK COCA COLA

OpenAIRE

SEVİM, Bilgen

2018-01-01

2000’li yıllarda küresel ölçekli markaların reklam söyleminde büyük bir dönüşüm yaşanmıştır. Bu markalar, “sevgi”, “umut”, “mutluluk”, “yardımseverlik”, “aşk” ve “barış” gibi kavramları kullanarak yaşamın anlamına dair mesajlar vermeye başlamışlardır. Interbrand’ın raporuna göre, 2012 yılında dünyanın en değerli markası seçilen Coca Cola’nın Türkiye için hazırladığı Yeni yıl, Yeni Umutlar (2012), Bimilyonneden Yeni Yıl (2012), Güvenlik Kameraları (2012), Daha İyi Bir Yıl (2013) Yeni Yıla Yaln...

Titaanide heitlus: Forum Cinemas vs Cinamon

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

2009-01-01

Cinamon Group avab Solarise keskuses uue Cinamoni kinoketti kuuluva kino, mis konkureerib Coca-Cola Plazaga (võrdlev tabel, allikad: Cinamoni turundusjuht Evelyn Laar ja Forum Cinemas' levijuhi asetäitja Timo Diener)

Professionaalne marketing - edu pant / Thomas Westerberg

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Westerberg, Thomas

1999-01-01

Majanduslanguse perioodil tuleb fokusseerida oma plaanid tulevikku, sel perioodil avalduvad turundusjuhtide tõelised ja varjatud professionaalsed oskused. Thomas Westerbergi, Coca-Cola Baltic Beverages Ltd. tegevdirektori ettekanne Majanduskonverentsil "Kuidas olla edukas majanduslanguse perioodil"

Aspectos Farmacológicos y Socioculturales del consumo de hoja de coca en indígenas Koguis respecto al consumo de cocaína en ambientes urbanos

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Katiuska Vera Zambrano

2002-07-01

Full Text Available La investigación compara los aspectos farmacológicos y socioculturales del consumo de la hoja de coca en indígenas Kogui de la Sierra Nevadade Santa Marta en Colombia frente a los aspectos farmacológicos y socioculturales del  consumo de cocaína en los ambientes urbanos, relacionados con los conceptos de tolerancia y dependencia a sustancias psicoactivas. Los resultados aportan al desarrollo  y diseño de programas de prevención, tratamiento y reducción de riesgo y daño en fármaco dependencia, al igual que sugiere la inclusión de aspectos relevantes en futuras políticas sociales de prevención en drogas.

Hygrine and cuscohygrine as possible markers to distinguish coca chewing from cocaine abuse in workplace drug testing.

Science.gov (United States)

Rubio, C; Strano-Rossi, S; Tabernero, M J; Anzillotti, L; Chiarotti, M; Bermejo, A M

2013-04-10

Cocaine abuse is widespread all over the world, and is performed generally by sniffing, injecting or smoking cocaine or crack. The distinction between the recreational use of cocaine from the practice of the so called "coqueo" is still an issue in those countries where this habit is diffused and where it is not considered an addiction, by this reason is necessary to develop a method for to distinguish the coca chewers and cocaine abusers. The use of an unique marker to distinguish between cocaine abuse and chewing of coca leaves is of fundamental importance in those countries where this habit is diffused. Certain alkaloids of the leaves of Erythroxylum coca are lost during the process of extraction/purification of cocaine and it is not possible to find them neither in seizures of chlorhidrate of cocaine nor urine samples of cocaine abusers. These markers are the hygrine and cuscohygrine that are present in the leaves of E. coca. A fast GC/MS method involving a liquid:liquid extraction procedure with tertbutylmethylether (TBME) is proposed for the determination of some alkaloids in cocaine leaves, cocaine seizures and biological samples. All specimens were alkalinized to pH 9 with a carbonate/bicarbonate buffer and then extracted with TBME. The analysis was carry out by GC/MS with electron impact at 70 eV and in full scan mode. The results demonstrate that hygrine and cuscohygrine are not found neither in the urine of cocaine abusers nor in cocaine seizures. For this reason this compounds could be considered as markers of coca chewing. This developed method permits to distinguish coca chewing from cocaine abuse in workplace drug testing through the analysis of urine samples. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

In vivo effects of two acidic soft drinks on shear bond strength of metal orthodontic brackets with and without resin infiltration treatment.

Science.gov (United States)

Hammad, Shaza M; Enan, Enas T

2013-07-01

To evaluate the in vivo effects of two acidic soft drinks (Coca-Cola and Sprite) on the shear bond strength of metal orthodontic brackets with and without resin infiltration treatment. In addition, the enamel surface was evaluated, after debonding, using a scanning electron microscope. Sixty noncarious maxillary premolars, scheduled for extraction in 30 orthodontic patients, were used. Patients were randomly divided into two groups according to the soft drink tested (Coca-Cola or Sprite). In each group, application of resin infiltration (Icon. DMG, Hamburg, Germany) was done on one side only before bonding of brackets. Patients were told to rinse their mouth with their respective soft drink at room temperature for 5 minutes, three times a day for 3 months. Shear bond strength was tested with a universal testing machine. After shearing test, a scanning electron microscope was used to evaluate enamel erosion. Statistical analysis was performed by twoway analysis of variance followed by the least significant difference test. The Coca-Cola group without resin infiltration showed the lowest resistance to shearing forces. Scanning electron micrographs of both groups after resin application showed a significant improvement compared with results without resin use, as the enamel appeared smoother and less erosive. Pretreatment with the infiltrating resin has proved to result in a significant improvement in shear bond strength, regardless of the type of soft drink consumed.

NRL Review for 1993

Science.gov (United States)

1993-05-01

opinion and leading medical experts depicted it as a remarkable, THE PARADOX OF PAIN RELIEF harmless stimulant. In fact, when Coca - Cola was introduced...in 1886. it was marketed as a Opioids: Plants and Synthetics drink offering the advantages of coca but lack- ing the danger of alcohol. Cocaine was not...performance of 77 K) insertion loss data demonstrates high system accu- the individual DUTs. racy of HTSSE-I space hardware Acknowledgments: Sponsorship and

Cuando ya no se puede tomar trago ni chacchar coca. When alcohol can no longer be drunk or coca leaves chewed. the case of the “protestants” in the Peruvian central Andes

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Caroline Magny

2009-12-01

Full Text Available Desde hace mucho tiempo el alcohol y la coca ocupan un lugar central en las comunidades andinas. Hasta ahora en el distrito de Churcampa (Huancavelica, Perú, los católicos, mayoritarios, siguen explicando al visitante lo siguiente: “acá no se puede hacer nada sin trago ni coca”. No obstante, durante las ultimas décadas, muchas personas en este distrito – así como en muchos otros distritos de los Andes peruanos – se han convertido y siguen convirtiéndose al “protestantismo” (termino genérico usado por los católicos para referirse en forma general a las Iglesias evangélicas. Esta conversión implica, entre otras cosas, dejar completamente de masticar hojas de coca y de beber cualquier tipo de bebidas alcohólicas. En esta exposición proponemos analizar hasta qué punto y bajo qué modalidades estas restricciones alimenticias afectan a los conversos (quienes siguen siendo minoritarios en el distrito en su vida social cotidiana.Alcohol and coca have played a central role in Andean communities for many centuries. Nowadays, in the district of Churcampa (Huancavelica, Peru, the Catholic people, who are the majority, still explain to visitors that “here you can’t do anything without trago [alcohol] and coca”. Yet, over the past decades, many men and women in this district - as well as in many other districts of the Peruvian Andes - have been converting to “Protestantism” (a generic term used by Catholics to refer to the Evangelical Churches. This conversion implies, among other things, completely giving up chewing of coca leaves and drinking of any type of alcoholic drink. The aim of this article is to analyze to what extent and how these restrictions in the dietary habits affect converted people in their everyday social life.alcohol, coca leaves, religion, conversion, evangelic Churches, Peru

Jutta Rabe : suurriigid kasutasid Eestit ära / Jutta Rabe ; interv. Peeter Ernits

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Rabe, Jutta

2003-01-01

Saksa poliitiline põnevusfilm "Balti torm" ("Baltic Storm"), mis kujutab parvlaev "Estonia" hukku, esilinastus eile Eestis Coca-Cola Plazas. Saksa ajakirjanik, selle filmi stsenarist, produtsent ja peategelase prototüüp filmi kontseptsioonist

Merchandising and Licensing to Improve Brand Equity. The Coca-Cola Case

OpenAIRE

Albanese, Fabio

2001-01-01

Today's markets are characterized by over-supply, intense competitiveness in every sector, increasingly aggressive competition and product and market strategies which are open to imitation. Consequently, the brand, and the values it carries, has become the truly critical competitive factor. In order to compete, each company needs to develop an integrated communication campaign which includes different communication tools, with high impact like advertising, or with specific promotional tasks, ...

Utilização do agonista dopaminérgico pergolida no tratamento da "fissura" por cocaína

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Focchi Guilherme R de Azevedo

2001-01-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVOS: O estudo avaliou a eficácia e a segurança terapêutica do agonista dopaminérgico pergolida no tratamento ambulatorial da ''fissura" por cocaína. MÉTODOS: Participaram de estudo controlado simples-cego, com duração de quatro semanas, em tratamento ambulatorial, 42 pacientes do sexo masculino com idade entre 18 e 50 anos, com diagnóstico de dependência de cocaína pelo DSM-IV e primeiro grau completo. Transtornos clínicos e/ou psiquiátricos que necessitassem de internação, uso de medicação psiquiátrica, quadros psicóticos prévios independentes do consumo de cocaína e hipersensibilidade à pergolida foram critérios de exclusão. Os pacientes foram divididos aleatoriamente em dois grupos: o primeiro recebeu pergolida (0,05-0,2 mg ao dia, e o segundo, placebo (1 a 4 comprimidos ao dia. Os grupos foram comparados quanto à ''fissura'' por cocaína e aos efeitos colaterais das medicações. RESULTADOS: Não foram encontradas diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre os dois grupos em relação à incidência de efeitos colaterais ou ao relato da redução da ''fissura'' por cocaína. CONCLUSÃO: A amostra pequena e o uso de medicação por tempo curto podem ter influído nos resultados. A pergolida se mostrou segura, com poucos efeitos colaterais. A pergolida não se mostrou superior ao placebo no tratamento da "fissura" por cocaína.

21 CFR 1304.32 - Reports of manufacturers importing coca leaves.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-04-01

... manufacturer importing or manufacturing from raw coca leaves shall submit information accounting for the importation and for all manufacturing operations performed between the importation and the manufacture of bulk or finished products standardized in accordance with U.S. Pharmacopoeia, National Formulary, or other...

Intoxicaciones agudas por cocaína: Caracterización, factores de riesgo, conocimientos y precauciones de los consumidores

OpenAIRE

Santos Sanz, Sara

2012-01-01

La cocaína es la tercera droga ilegal más consumida después del cannabis y las anfetaminas. España es uno de los países donde su consumo está más extendido, sobretodo en el grupo de adultos jóvenes de 15-34 años. Los problemas de salud asociados al consumo de cocaína son frecuentes (13%-30%) entre los consumidores, aunque la intoxicación aguda por cocaína así como sus factores de riesgo no se han estudiado tanto como en el caso de la sobredosis por heroina. Existen vacios en la literatura sob...

Análisis de cocaína en diferentes muestras por cromatografía de gases con detector de ionización de llama (CG-FID

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ángela M. López C.

2015-01-01

Full Text Available En este estudio se realizó la validación de los métodos establecidos por la UNODC para la cuantificación y extracción de benzometilecgonina (cocaína presente en las hojas de Erythhroxylum coca, en té de coca y en clorhidrato de cocaína. El primer método de extracción, recomendado por la UNODC, es una extracción solido-líquido (ESL, sin embargo, los resultados obtenidos indican que esta no es lo suficientemente eficiente para lograr una señal de analito distinguible de la relación señal a ruido (S/N para las muestras de hojas de Erythhroxylum coca y té de coca. El segundo método propuesto es la extracción soxhlet, los resultados indican que esta resulta más eficiente para aislar y cuantificar el analito de interés por cromatografía de gases acoplada a un detector de ionización por llama (CG-FID. Después de someter las muestras al proceso de extracción soxhlet y cuantificación por CG-FID se encontró que la hoja de té posee 7,66×102 mg de cocaína/kg de muestra, las hojas de coca 17,15 mg de cocaína/kg de muestra y el clorhidrato de cocaína 7,15×105 mg de cocaína/kg de muestra. El método de análisis escogido se caracteriza por arrojar bajos límites de detección (0,169 mg/L y por poseer parámetros estadísticos y cromatográficos ideales.

The Economic Value of Opportunity Youth

Science.gov (United States)

Belfield, Clive R.; Levin, Henry M.; Rosen, Rachel

2012-01-01

It is often said that youth are society's future; individuals need to prepare and nurture them if they desire that future to be bright and productive. Yet, with the spotlight currently on slow economic growth and high unemployment across the U.S., there has been little focus on the plight of youth as they transition from school to adult life. But…

Importancia de la resiliencia e inteligencia emocional en el consumo de cocaína

OpenAIRE

Martínez López, Ana

2016-01-01

Según los datos epidemiológicos disponibles, 14.1 millones de europeos adultos consumieron cocaína alguna vez en sus vidas(OED 2012). En la actualidad, ningún tratamiento farmacológico ha sido considerado eficaz para tratar la dependencia a la cocaína, sin embargo algunos tratamientos psicológicos han encontrado resultados positivos en el tratamiento de esta adicción. En este trabajo de investigación se utilizó una muestra de 101 sujetos que acudían a la Unidad de Conductas Adictivas de...

Massenet "Thaisi" näeb otseülekandes kinolinal / Toomas Kuter

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Kuter, Toomas, 1965-

2008-01-01

Forum Cinemas toob oktoobrist maini Tallinnas Coca-Cola Plazas ja Tartus Ekraanis publikuni New Yorgi Metropolitan Opera etenduste HD-otseülekanded, 20. dets. kantakse üle Jules Massenet' ooper "Thais", peaosas Renee Fleming

PÖFFi avab norra film

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

2003-01-01

Pimedate Ööde VII filmifestivali keskus asub sel aastal Coca-Cola Plazas. Festivali avab 28. nov. Morten Tyldumi mängufilm "Buddy" ja lõpetab 6. dets. iirlase Jim Sheridani "Ameerikas" ("In America")

Iiri režissöör Jim Sheridan tuleb "Pimedate ööde" festivalile

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

2003-01-01

Pimedate Ööde VII filmifestivali keskus asub sel aastal Coca-Cola Plazas. Festivali avab 28. nov. Morten Tyldumi mängufilm "Buddy" ja lõpetab 6. dets. iirlase Jim Sheridani "Ameerikas" ("In America")

Halloo Kosmos, hallo Maa! / Kairit Tsäro

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Tsäro, Kairit, 1974-

2009-01-01

Režissööride Rob Lettermani ja Conrad Vernoni animafilm "Koletised tulnukate vastu", mis on dubleeritud ka eesti keelde. Tallinnas Coca Cola Plazas, Tartus kinos Ekraan vaadatav 3D (kolmemõõtmelisena)

Kuu filmid / toimetanud Maria Ulfsak-Šeripova

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

2011-01-01

Nicolas Winding Refni krimidraama "Ohtlik sõit" (USA 2011), Pedro Almodovari "tume melodraama" "Nahk, milles ma elan" (Hispaania 2011). Wolfgang Amadeus Mozarti "Don Giovanni" Tallinnas (Coca-Cola Plaza), Tartus (Ekraan) ja Narvas (Astri kinos)

Kolmemõõtmelise kino järjekordne tulemine / Aarne Mäe

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Mäe, Aarne, 1967-

2008-01-01

Ruumilise e. 3D-kino levikust ja jõudmisest Forum Cinemas kinoketi kinodesse, esialgu Coca Cola Plazasse Tallinnas, peagi Cinamon kinoketi kultuuri- ja vabaajakeskusesse 2009. aasta sügisel. 3-D kinoelamusest ja tulevikust

Cocaína: lendas, história e abuso Cocaine: myths, history and abuse

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Pedro Eugênio M Ferreira

2001-06-01

Full Text Available A civilização ocidental tem estado envolvida com múltiplos problemas sociais, sendo o abuso de drogas um deles. A cocaína e os transtornos decorrentes de seu abuso tornaram-se um problema de saúde pública. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo colaborar pelo aprofundamento da investigação histórica desse tema. Há mais de 4500 anos, as folhas de coca são usadas por índios da América do Sul. Com a industrialização no século XIX, a cocaína chegou aos países desenvolvidos da época. Na medicina, essa substância também se mostrou presente, sendo usada, tanto por Freud quanto por outros médicos, na tentativa de curar inúmeras enfermidades. No entanto, a maior disponibilidade e a queda dos preços nos últimos 30 anos possibilitaram que essa droga fosse usada abusivamente por um número crescente de pessoas, trazendo conseqüências assustadoras para a saúde do indivíduo e para a sociedade como um todo.Western civilization is involved with multiple social problems and drug abuse is one of them. Cocaine and its abuse have become over the years a public health problem. This paper intends to provide a historical background to the subject. For more than 4,500 years, South America natives have been using coca leaves. After the industrial revolution in the 19th century, cocaine clorhydrate, an alkaloid present in the coca leaf, reached the developed countries. Many products, which main ingredient was cocaine, were consumed by famous people at that time, such as Vino Mariani, used by Pope Leo XVIII. In medicine, Freud and other doctors used cocaine with the purpose of healing various diseases. However, in the last 30 years, it became more available and its price dropped, making it accessible to an increasing number of people, resulting in alarming consequences to users' health as well as for the whole society.

Seanssõ dlja potselujev / Alina Zelimhanova

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Zelimhanova, Alina

2005-01-01

Kinos "Sõprus" näidatakse seoses Tallinna üliõpilaspäevadega 4 õhtul USA ja Korea filme, mille aluseks on koomiksid. Ka teistest "Sõpruse" seassidest ning kinopileti hindadest kinos "Kosmos" ja Coca Cola Plaza

Adios to Migrancy

Science.gov (United States)

Larkin, Timothy

1974-01-01

Coca Cola's Agricultural Labor Project was designed to change the migrant's way of life from very unstable to stable by making migrant housing more habitable, creating permanent jobs, and providing numerous other fringe benefits. (BP)

Initial investigation of nutrition and supplement use, knowledge and ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

strategies than pre-game meals. Seventy .... and match-day strategies were found to be ..... marketing and production of supplements, aggressive marketing and ... in South African rugby players participating in the under 13 Coca-Cola Craven.

Kokakoolakinno kolib ooper, popkorn on out / Tiit Tuumalu

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Tuumalu, Tiit, 1971-

2008-01-01

Forum Cinemas võimaldab Tartu kinos Ekraan ja Tallinnas Coca-Cola Plazas kord kuus laupäevaõhtuti vaadata-kuulata klassikaooperite otseülekandeid Metropolitan Opera lavalt (Metropolitani projekti "The Met: Live in HD" raames)

Collaborating with the Private Sector

Science.gov (United States)

2009-08-01

circumstances to maintain its secrecy. 110 For information to be considered a trade secret, it must remain a secret. For example, the Coca - Cola recipe... Advertising .‖ Center for Democracy & Technology. 14 Aug. 2009 <http://www.cdt.org/privacy/20080708ISPtraffic.pdf>. 19 18 U.S.C. §§ 2510-2522 20 Hudson...is a trade secret because the recipe has been kept a secret for over 100 years to protect Coca -Cola‘s economic interests. 111

La coca en el intercambio mercante Atlántico-Mediterráneo

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ortega Villoslada, Antonio

2008-06-01

Full Text Available One approaches the passage of the coca to the Mediterranean and its relevancy in the medieval navigation. Superiority determined by the rudder of sternpost, know generically by the sailors of the mediterranean basin as bayonés, that is to say, of the Gulf of Biscay, whose skippers will arrive regularly to Majorca.

Se aborda el paso de la coca al Mediterráneo y su relevancia en la náutica medieval. Primacía determinada por el timón de codaste, conocido genéricamente por los marinos de la cuenca mediterránea como bayonés, es decir, del Golfo de Vizcaya, cuyos patrones arribarán regularmente a Mallorca.

Nagu Helsingi parvlaevas / Kristiina Davidjants

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Davidjants, Kristiina, 1974-

2003-01-01

7. Pimedate Ööde Filmifestival on kaotanud oma osalejate solidaarsustundes ja suhtlemises, kolides Coca-Cola Plazasse. Sakslase Hans-Christian Schmid'i mängufilmist "Kauged tuled" ja taanlase Lars von Trieri mängufilmist "Dogville"

Harry, kes vallutab maailma / Jaanus Noormets

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Noormets, Jaanus

2001-01-01

Joanne Rowling'u lasteraamatu "Harry Potter ja Tarkade kivi" ekraniseeringu esilinastus Eestis on 21. detsembril Coca-Cola Plazas. Selle USA filmi režissöör on Chris Columbus ja peaosas 12-aastane Daniel Radcliffe

Kolmteist piirivalvurit käisid ohutut jalgrattasõitu propageerimas / Velve Põldoja, Georgi Skorobogatov

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Põldoja, Velve

2009-01-01

17.-18. juuli 2009 toimunud Eesti Posti, Eesti Politsei, Eesti Piirivalve, Falck Autoabi, Coca-Cola Hellenic Eesti ja Regio ühiselt korraldatud rattaretkest "Tahan sõita ohutult!", kus rahvale tutvustati rattaga ohutult liiklemise olulisust ja liikluses toimetulekut

Tänasest elavad kobarkinos kääbikud / Andres Laasik

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Laasik, Andres, 1960-2016

2003-01-01

Täna toimub inglise kirjaniku J.R.R. Tolkieni "Sõrmuste isanda" järgi loodud Peter Jacksoni teise filmi "Sõrmuste isand : Kaks kantsi" esilinastus. Coca Cola Plazas avab Tolkieni Eesti fänniklubi asjakohase maalinäituse

Iseäraliku väega piigad, õhupallimeelast karust rääkimata / Anneli Aasmäe

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Aasmäe, Anneli, 1973-

2001-01-01

6. septembril Coca-Cola Plazas esilinastuva Arvo Iho mängufilmi "Karu süda" peategelast Niikat mängiva Rain Simmuli abiga meenutatakse filmimist ja kaasnäitlejaid Dinara Drukarovat, Iljana Pavlovat ja karu Malõshshi

"Coca got us here and now it's our weakness:" Fusarium oxysporum and the political ecology of a drug war policy alternative in Bolivia.

Science.gov (United States)

Pearson, Zoe

2016-07-01

A strain of Fusarium oxysporum fungus is killing coca plants in the Chapare coca growing region of Bolivia. Coca farmers are already constrained in the amount of coca they can grow under the government's community-based coca control approach, "social control." Coca leaf is the main ingredient in cocaine, but it is also a traditional medicine and food, is economically vital to household incomes, and is a political symbol of the current government administration. Bolivia's approach to coca control, now administered without any United States military intervention, is an innovative example of experimentation with drug policy reform. This paper is based on ethnographic research including semi-structured interviews and observation. Coca growers are worried about the dire economic, social, and political consequences of the fungus' appearance and spread since summer 2013. They have two explanations for its origins: First, that it was sent by the United States government, which in the past was developing a strain of F. oxysporum for use in the drug war; Second, and the explanation of scientists, is that the outbreak is caused by the overuse of agrochemicals and other intensive agricultural practices. More than a matter of agroecology, the practices identified in the second explanation must be understood in terms of the persistence of the international drug prohibition regime. Bolivia's social control approach is a successful alternative to violent eradication measures, however the country is constrained to uphold the fundamental principles of supply-side control in order to be a respected partner in global drug control. The supply-side logics restricting social control make intensive agriculture practices attractive, but may have contributed to the fungus' proliferation and its continued spread. The fungus draws attention to the challenges of policy reform, new collateral damages of drug control, and role environmental factors can play in drug control politics. Copyright �

THE CORRELATION BETWEEN THE DOMINANT VALUE ORIENTANTIONS OF YOUTH AND THEIR PARTICIPATION IN THE INTERNET COMMUNITIES

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Tatiana Valentinovna Obidina

2016-01-01

They were interviewed with the help of inquirer «Value orientations», that was suggested by M.R. Ginzburg and with the help of inquirer «Positive internet communities». And there was discovered the correlation between the presence of such positive values of youth as «status», «creativity», «appeal», «friendship», «professional and educational – professional activities», «moral» and participation of youth in the internet communities with a similar themes.

Between fragments and fullness: Worshipping in the in- between ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

2013-03-13

Mar 13, 2013 ... This brand of globalisation has been characterised as the 'cultural assault' of McDonalds,. Coca-Cola, Disney, Nike, MTV, et cetera .... The liminal character of Picasso's 'style' could be described as: the movement between ...

75 FR 50015 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; International Securities Exchange, LLC; Notice of Filing and...

Science.gov (United States)

2010-08-16

...''), Halliburton Company (``HAL''), International Business Machines Corporation (``IBM''), The Coca-Cola [[Page...Shares Russell 2000 (``IWM''), Financial Select Sector SPDR (``XLF''), Apple, Inc. (``AAPL''), General... Company (``F''), Direxion Shares Financial Bull (``FAS''), Direxion Shares Financial Bear (``FAZ''), First...

study and analysis of asa river hypothetical dam break using hec-ras

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Windows User

outcome of the analysis showed that in the event of such failure of Asa dam, some areas which include industrial and residential .... Road Bridge (Coca Cola Axis). (iv) Stretch ..... Solutions and Case Studies, WIT Press, Southampton,. Boston ...

Los cirujanos y la cocaína. Facile est inventis addere

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jorge Dagnino Sepúlveda

2007-08-01

Full Text Available Este artículo, tercero de una serie sobre el desarrollo de la anestesia local, describe los acontecimientos que siguieron al descubrimiento hecho por Carl Koller en 1884 del uso anestésico de la cocaína hasta la introducción de la procaína por Einhorn. En un lapso de veinte años, varias investigaciones culminaron con la introducción de muchas de las técnicas de anestesia local y regional usadas contemporáneamente: troncular, por infiltración, raquídea y peridural caudal. El escrito toca aspectos tales como la juventud de los innovadores, en su mayoría cirujanos, la toxicidad y el terrible poder de adicción de la cocaína que alcanzó a algunos de ellos, las disputas por la precedencia y la tradición de autoexperimentación.

The Presence of the American Troops in Romania: Civil-Military Challenges Beyond a Military Relationship

Science.gov (United States)

2008-03-01

still is developing, not only what we have now from the beginning, McDonald’s, Pepsi Cola , and Coca Cola , which have strong investments in our country...politico-military interests and the changes in the overall security landscape that a withdrawal of the troops may cause. By advertising against a...population. 5. Advertising employment opportunities and services needed at the local level may improve the economic and financial benefits by attracting

Empirical Analysis of Closed-Loop Duopoly Advertising Strategies

OpenAIRE

Gary M. Erickson

1992-01-01

Closed-loop (perfect) equilibria in a Lanchester duopoly differential game of advertising competition are used as the basis for empirical investigation. Two systems of simultaneous nonlinear equations are formed, one from a general Lanchester model and one from a constrained model. Two empirical applications are conducted. In one involving Coca-Cola and Pepsi-Cola, a formal statistical testing procedure is used to detect whether closed-loop equilibrium advertising strategies are used by the c...

Beneficial Effect of Moderate Exercise in Kidney of Rat after Chronic Consumption of Cola Drinks.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Gabriel Cao

Full Text Available The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of moderate intensity exercise on kidney in an animal model of high consumption of cola soft drinks.Forty-eight Wistar Kyoto rats (age: 16 weeks; weight: 350-400 g were assigned to the following groups: WR (water runners drank water and submitted to aerobic exercise; CR (cola runners drank cola and submitted to aerobic exercise; WS (water sedentary and CS (cola sedentary, not exercised groups. The aerobic exercise was performed for 5 days per week throughout the study (24 weeks and the exercise intensity was gradually increased during the first 8 weeks until it reached 20 meters / minute for 30 minutes. Body weight, lipid profile, glycemia, plasma creatinine levels, atherogenic index of plasma (AIP and systolic blood pressure (SBP were determined. After 6 months all rats were sacrificed. A kidney histopathological score was obtained using a semiquantitative scale. Glomerular size and glomerulosclerosis were estimated by point-counting. The oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory status were explored by immunohistochemistry. A one way analysis of variance (ANOVA with Tukey-Kramer post-hoc test or the Kruskal-Wallis test with Dunn's post-hoc test was used for statistics. A value of p < 0.05 was considered significant.At 6 months, an increased consumption of cola soft drink was shown in CS and CR compared with water consumers (p<0.0001. Chronic cola consumption was associated with increased plasma triglycerides, AIP, heart rate, histopathological score, glomerulosclerosis, oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory status. On the other hand, moderate exercise prevented these findings. No difference was observed in the body weight, SBP, glycemia, cholesterol and plasma creatinine levels across experimental groups.This study warns about the consequences of chronic consumption of cola drinks on lipid metabolism, especially regarding renal health. Additionally, these findings emphasize the protective

Magustoit filmihuvilistele lastele / Maris Balbat

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Balbat, Maris, 1936-

2002-01-01

25. oktoobrist tuleb Coca-Cola Plaza ekraanile USA joonisfilm "Jääaeg" ("Ice Age"), mille dubleerimisse on režissöör Janno Põldma juhtimisel kaasatud head eesti näitlejad Anu Lamp, Lembit Ulfsak, Marko Matvere jt

Järgmisel nädalal lisandub kinolinale kolmas mõõde / Mart Niineste

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Niineste, Mart, 1983-

2008-01-01

Ruumilise e. 3D-kino levikust ja jõudmisest Forum Cinemas kinoketi kinodesse, esialgu Coca Cola Plazasse Tallinnas : 24. oktoobril linastuvad "Kärbsed kuu peale" ja "U2 3-D" . Lisatud sõnum "Eestis on tehtud 3D-nukufilmi"

Technical Assessment: Synthetic Biology

Science.gov (United States)

2015-01-01

Pfizer, Bausch & Lomb, Coca - Cola , and other Fortune 500 companies 8 Data estimated by the... financial prize for ideas to drive forward the production of a sensor relying on synthetic organisms that can detect exposure to 500 specific chemicals

To Analyse the Erosive Potential of Commercially Available Drinks on Dental Enamel and Various Tooth Coloured Restorative Materials - An In-vitro Study.

Science.gov (United States)

Karda, Babita; Jindal, Ritu; Mahajan, Sandeep; Sandhu, Sanam; Sharma, Sunila; Kaur, Rajwinder

2016-05-01

With the enormous change in life style pattern of a common man through the past few decades, there has been proportional variation in the amount and frequency of consumption of drinks. An increased consumption of these drinks will concurrently increase enamel surface roughness by demineralization, resulting in hypersensitivity and elevated caries risk. The present study was designed to evaluate the erosive potential of commercially available drinks on tooth enamel and various tooth coloured restorative materials. Extracted human teeth were taken and divided into four groups i.e. tooth enamel, glass ionomer cement, composite and compomer. Four commercially available drinks were chosen these were Coca -Cola, Nimbooz, Frooti and Yakult. The pH of each drink was measured. Each group was immersed in various experimental drinks for a period of 14 days. The erosive potential of each drink was measured by calculating the change in average surface roughness of these groups after the immersion protocol in various drinks. The data analysis was done by One Way Anova, Post-Hoc Bonferroni, and paired t -test. Group II-GIC showed highest values for mean of change in average surface roughness and the values were statistically significant (pCoca-cola showed the highest erosive potential and Yakult showed the lowest, there was no statistical significant difference between the results shown by Yakult and Frooti. Characteristics which may promote erosion of enamel and tooth coloured restorative materials were surface texture of the material and pH of the drinks.

Reliikvia 33 aastat hiljem / Piret Tali

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Tali, Piret, 1972-

2002-01-01

Soomes restaureeritud eesti menufilmi "Viimne reliikvia" (1969) taas Eestis ekraanile jõudmise eel korraldatud pressikonverentsilt Coca-Cola Plazas, kus kohal filmis osalenud näitlejad Ingrida Andrina, Aleksandr Goloborodko, Eve Kivi ja Uldis Vazdik, stsenarist Arvo Valton ja kunstnik Rein Raamat

Eesti-Ameerika ühisfilm lõpuks kohal

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

2001-01-01

Eilsest linastub kobarkinos Coca-Cola Plaza "Virtuoos" ("Out of the Cold") : režissöör Aleksandr Bulavsky : operaator Vladimir Klimov : peaosas Keith Carradine : Ameerika Ühendriigid - Eesti 1999. Väiksemates rollides teeb kaasa mitmeid eesti näitlejaid

Kohus elab meis endis edasi, kõik elab meis edasi / Pärt Uusberg ; interv. Piret Linnamägi

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Uusberg, Pärt

2008-01-01

Coca-Cola Plazas kuulutati välja uue filmiauhinna "Hää film 2007" laureaadid. Nominentide hulgas oli ka Raplamaa noormees Pärt Uusberg, kes mängis filmis "Klass" üht peaosalist. Endast, filmist, koolielust, filmi püstitatud teemadest

Emory University Decides How to Allot $100,000,000.

Science.gov (United States)

Teel, Leonard Ray

1981-01-01

In 1979 Emory University became the recipient of the largest single endowment gift (from Coca-Cola's Robert Woodruff) to a college or university. Self-studies have been initiated to recommend improvements that will guide the allocation of the uncommitted funds. (MLW)

Sisekommunikatsiooni roll on toidutööstuses kriitilise kaaluga / Kairi Oja

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Oja, Kairi

2015-01-01

Toidutööstuse sisekommunikatsioonist. Selgitusi jagavad Coca-Cola HBC Eesti avalike suhete juht Nele Normak, Jako Arula ettevõttest AS A. Le Coq, AS-i Kalev kommunikatsioonijuht Rutt Roht ja Eesti Toiduainetööstuse Liidu juhataja Sirje Potisepp

Harry Potteri film jõudis Eestisse / Ilona Martson

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Martson, Ilona, 1970-

2001-01-01

Joanne Rowling'u lasteraamatu "Harry Potter ja Tarkade kivi" ekraniseeringu esilinastus Eestis on 21. detsembril Coca Cola Plazas. Selle 125 miljonit dollarit maksnud USA filmi režissöör on Chris Columbus ja peaosas 12-aastane Daniel Radcliff

Defense Industrial Base (DIB): Munitions Realignment for 2020

Science.gov (United States)

2013-03-01

munitions DIB by companies like Coca Cola , Quaker Oats, and Eastman Kodak. As industrial mobilization quickly increased, the requirements decreased...industry and the munitions DIB. This report documented the volatility associated with the production of munitions and financial risks to which

75 FR 42809 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; International Securities Exchange, LLC; Notice of Filing and...

Science.gov (United States)

2010-07-22

...''), International Business Machines Corporation (``IBM''), The Coca-Cola Company (``KO''), Las Vegas Sands Corp...Shares Russell 2000 (``IWM''), Financial Select Sector SPDR (``XLF''), Apple, Inc. (``AAPL''), General... Company (``F''), Direxion Shares Financial Bull (``FAS''), Direxion Shares Financial Bear (``FAZ''), First...

Browse Title Index

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Items 1 - 50 of 148 ... Vol 7, No 1 (2015), A DFT Study on the Structural and Electronic ... Old Carbon Filters for Contaminants Removal: Antwerp Coca Cola plant, ... Maize: the case of Koga Watershed Areas in northwestern Ethiopia, Abstract PDF.

Kuu filmid / toimetanud Maria Ulfsak-Šeripova

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

2011-01-01

Aki Kaurismäki film "Le Havre" (Soome-Prantsusmaa-Saksamaa 2011) kinos Sõprus, Julia Leigh debüütfilm "Uinuv kaunitar" Coca-Cola Plazas (Austraalia 2011) ja režissöör Cyril Tuschi dokumentaalfilm "Hodorkovski" (Saksamaa 2011) Artise kinos

Marketing Verde: responsabilidade social e ambiental integradas na envolvente de marketingGreen Marketing: integrated social and environmental responsibility in the marketing environmentMarketing Verde: responsabilidad social y ambiental integrada en la envolvente de marketing

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

DALMORO, Marlon

2009-03-01

Full Text Available RESUMOO presente estudo tem como objetivo principal analisar e descrever como a responsabilidade social e ambiental está integrada na envolvente de marketing de uma unidade franqueada da Companhia Coca-Cola. Ao encontro das percepções de Karna, Hansen e Juslin (2001, a envolvente de marketing é descrita, baseada em três níveis hierárquicos: marketing estratégico, estrutural e funcional. Neste sentido, realizou-se uma abordagem qualitativa com estudo de caso, no qual os dados foram coletados, por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas com pessoas envolvidas no processo de gestão ambiental e social da empresa franqueada. No tratamento dos dados foi utilizada análise de conteúdo. Na percepção dos entrevistados, a empresa encontra-se em um avançado processo de integração em toda a organização de uma cultura de marketing verde, principalmente, pela relação de franqueado, mantida com a Companhia Coca-Cola. Observou-se que a empresa franqueada, bem como a companhia, de modo geral, encontram-se numa situação pró-ativa em termos de marketing verde, mesmo que o ambiente institucional não cumpra com o seu papel na plenitude.ABSTRACTThis study aims to describe and analyze as social and environmental responsibility is integrated in the marketing strategy of a Coca-Cola Company franchisee. By the perceptions of Karna, Hansen and Juslin (2001, environment marketing is described based on three hierarchical levels: strategic, structural and functional marketing. There has been developed a qualitative approach through case study, in which the data were collected through semi-structured interviews with people involved in the process of environmental and social management of the franchisee company. Data treatment was used in the analysis of content. In the interviewer’s perception, the company is in advanced process of integration across the organization of a green marketing culture, primarily by the relationship of the franchisee maintained

Value Changes in an Era of Social Transformations: College-Educated Chinese Youth

Science.gov (United States)

Wang, Yan

2006-01-01

This paper addresses value changes that have occurred to college-educated youth as China is going through drastic social transformations under Western influences. It explains how socio-economic and cultural forces interplay within a particular historical and political context in bringing about such notable changes as individualism, materialism and…

LEED Platin for Coca-Cola. Office park at Duesseldorf; LEED Platin fuer Coca-Cola. Bueropark Ratingen Ost bei Duesseldorf

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Meinig, Melanie

2011-07-01

The current trend confirms that building-owners and investors more and more have to offer certified real estates in order to be marketable. Whether a purely economic thought or real impetus: the result serves the environment. On the former industrial site Balke-Duerr in Ratingen near Dusseldorf, RKW Rhode Kellermann Wawrowsky GmbH and Co. KG (Duesseldorf, Federal Republic of Germany) has constructed a new building complex which impresses through its sustainable approach. One of the main themes was the integral comprehensive planning.

Repercussões otorrinolaringológicas do abuso de cocaína e/ou crack em dependentes de drogas

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Nassif Filho A.C.N.

1999-01-01

Full Text Available A prevalência de pacientes viciados em cocaína e/ou crack parece estar aumentando; portanto, o médico deve estar preparado para diagnosticar o uso de drogas. OBJETIVOS. Determinar se existem sinais típicos de uso de cocaína e/ou crack no trato respiratório superior ou na orofaringe em exame otorrinolaringológico comum. Orientar o médico no diagnóstico dos pacientes viciados nessas drogas. MÉTODOS. Foram estudados 18 pacientes viciados em cocaína e/ou crack, que estavam internados em clínica psiquiátrica, através de anamnese e exame otorrinolaringológico simples (rinoscopia anterior e orofaringoscopia. RESULTADOS. Foi impossível estabelecer uma correlação entre o tempo de uso, quantidade e freqüência no uso das drogas quanto aos sintomas e exame otorrinolaringológico. CONCLUSÃO. Devido à inespecíficidade no exame otorrinolaringológico do paciente viciado em cocaína e/ou crack, é necessário que o médico suspeite do abuso de drogas na história clínica; caso contrário, poderá não realizar este importante diagnóstico.

Trade and Technology: Maintaining the U.S.-Japan Security Relationship in the Post-Cold War Era

Science.gov (United States)

1992-12-01

successful foreign firms in Japan which have demonstrated that these barriers can be overcome. For example, Coca - Cola maintains over 80 percent of...was scarce. Japan was the first place MIT’s media lab sought out for sponsorship , which by 1984 was providing approximately $500,000 a year (25...Japan’s cola market; Nestle has garnered 70 percent of the instant coffee market; Schick controls 70 percent of the razor market; and from 1986 to 1989

CHINA DREAM or CHINESE DREAM based on COCA

Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

LIU Meng-qing

2016-01-01

There has a lot of discussion about the correct expression of CHINESE DREAM or CHINA DREAM. This paper aims to make well use of COCA, a free online corpus, to clear this question. After contrast, we finally find that the exact expression is CHINESE DREAM instead of the original CHINA DREAM. The application of corpus can also be a new pattern for us to pur-sue our study career and will also be an effective way to help us in research field.

Color Stability Assessment of Two Different Composite Resins with Variable Immersion Time Using Various Beverages: An In vitro Study.

Science.gov (United States)

Kumar, M Senthil; Ajay, R; Miskeen Sahib, S A; Chittrarasu, M; Navarasu, M; Ragavendran, N; Burhanuddin Mohammed, Omar Farooq

2017-11-01

The aim of the study was to evaluate the difference in the color of microhybrid (MH) and nanofilled (NF) composite resins after 24 and 48 h in beverages such as red wine (RW), Coca-Cola, and distilled water. The specific objective of this study was to investigate the cumulative effect of the colorant solutions on the dental composites. MH and NF composite resins (A2 shade) were used in this current study. Sixty disk-shaped material specimens (10 mm in diameter × 2 mm in thickness) were prepared using a fiber mold (ring), with the desired dimensions. The specimen surfaces were polished using super-snap polishing system. Sixty specimens were divided into two groups of 30 each (Group I: MH resin composite; Group II: NF resin composite). Both the groups divided into six subgroups (Subgroup I: RW for 24 h [RW-24]; Subgroup II: RW for 48 h; Subgroup III: Coca-Cola for 24 h [CC-24]; Subgroup IV: Coca-Cola for 48 h [CC-48]; Subgroup V: Distilled water for 24 h [DW-24]; Subgroup VI: Distilled water for 48 h [DW-48]). All the samples were immersed in respective drinks for a period of 24 h, and color differences were measured using ultraviolet spectrophotometer. Once again, all the samples were immersed for another 24 h in the same drinks. After 48 h, the color change of the samples was measured. Measurements were made according to the CIE L × a × b × color space relative to the CIE standard illuminant D65. The color changes of the specimens were evaluated using the following formula: Statistical analysis was performed. The data were analyzed using the one-way ANOVA and t -test at a significance level of 0.05. Color stability of MH composite resin was found to be inferior than the NF resin composite irrespective of immersion medium and time. In RW, the color change observed was maximum for both composite resins followed by Coca-Cola. Immersing the resin composites in distilled water for 24 and 48 h had negligible color change. A 48-h immersion of both composite resins in

Saúde e mercado de trabalho no Brasil: diferenciais entre ocupados agrícolas e não agrícolas

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Alexandre Gori Maia

2010-12-01

Full Text Available Este trabalho analisa as diferenças no estado de saúde entre e dentro dos grupos de ocupados agrícolas e não agrícolas no Brasil, utilizando medidas de autoavaliação do estado de saúde captadas no suplemento da PNAD (Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílios de 2008. As análises baseiam-se na composição socioeconômica dos ocupados agrícolas e não agrícolas e nas estimativas de equações simultâneas para captar as relações não lineares entre saúde, renda e jornada de trabalho. Um dos pressupostos do trabalho é que a baixa prevalência de saudáveis entre os ocupados agrícolas estaria associada, sobretudo, à composição socioeconômica desse grupo, e não à maior insalubridade a que os ocupados das atividades agrícolas estariam submetidos em condições socioeconômicas semelhantes às dos não agrícolas. Analogamente, a desigualdade no estado de saúde seria menor entre os ocupados agrícolas devido aos hábitos mais homogêneos, não só no que se refere ao tipo de atividade, mas também em relação à qualidade de vida e ao acesso a uma série de itens de consumo, típico das localidades menos desenvolvidas onde as atividades agrícolas prevalecem.This paper analyzes differences of health conditions between and within agricultural and non-agricultural workers in Brazil. Self-reported health measures of the Health Supplement of Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílios (PNAD, from 2008, are used. Results are based on the description of the socioeconomic characteristics of each group of employees and on estimates of a simultaneous equation to measure non-linear relations between health conditions, income and work hours. The main hypothesis is that the lower prevalence of workers with good health among agricultural workers is mainly due to socioeconomic characteristics of this group and not necessarily to higher insalubrious conditions that such workers would be submitted to in equivalent socioeconomic conditions

Quantification of Tetramethylenedisulfotetramine (TETS) in Various Food Matrices by Solid Phase Extraction Liquid ChromatographyIon Trap Mass Spectrometry

Science.gov (United States)

2017-04-01

Teledyne Isco (Lincoln, NE). Juicy Juice apple juice (Harvest Hill Beverage Company; Stamford, CT), Minute Maid orange juice ( Coca Cola Company; Atlanta...products. This report may not be cited for purposes of advertisement . This report has been approved for public release. Acknowledgments We

Ettevõtte edu sisse osta ei saa / Katrin Bats, Janne Laik, Silver Vohu, Evelin Ojamets ; intervjueerinud Küllike Heide

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

2012-01-01

Kommunikatsiooni- ja turundustegevuse korraldusest ettevõtetes, mille suur osa antud projektidest hõlmab kõiki Balti riike. Mõtteid jagavad Katrin Bats Rimi Eesti Food AS-ist, Janne Laik NP Foods Eesti OÜ-st, Silver Vohu SEB Pangast ja Evelin Ojamets Coca-Cola-st

Potteri-filmile osteti 5000 eelmüügipiletit / Hindrek Riikoja

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Riikoja, Hindrek

2001-01-01

Joanne Rowling'u lasteraamatu "Harry Potter ja Tarkade kivi" ekraniseeringu esilinastus Eestis on 21. detsembril Coca-Cola Plazas. Eduka piletimüügi eelduseks on kindlasti ka 4 eesti keelde tõlgitud Potteri-raamatu läbimüük - 43 000 eksemplari

Rahulolu takistuste kiuste / Annela Laaneots

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Laaneots, Annela

2007-01-01

Oma tööst ja eraelust räägivad Laaduri müügidirektor Tauno Steinberg ja Coca-Cola HBC Baltikumi personalijuht Kadi Tartu ning Rika Soopa agentuuridest Royal Service ja Spring Advertising ja rahvusvahelise firma Baltikumi turundusjuht Marija Korolova

Análisis de cocaína en diferentes muestras por cromatografía de gases con detector de ionización de llama (CG-FID)

OpenAIRE

Ángela M. López C.; William F. Garzón M; Milton Rosero-Moreano; Gonzalo Taborda O.

2015-01-01

En este estudio se realizó la validación de los métodos establecidos por la UNODC para la cuantificación y extracción de benzometilecgonina (cocaína) presente en las hojas de Erythhroxylum coca, en té de coca y en clorhidrato de cocaína. El primer método de extracción, recomendado por la UNODC, es una extracción solido-líquido (ESL), sin embargo, los resultados obtenidos indican que esta no es lo suficientemente eficiente para lograr una señal de analito distinguible de la relación señal a ru...

Redes sociais online em projetos de educação a distância: o caso do projeto-piloto “Geração Movimento” (2015

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Bruno Leal Pastor de Carvalho

2016-06-01

Full Text Available Em 2015, a Fundação Roberto Marinho, em parceria com o Instituto Coca-Cola Brasil e a Coca-Cola Brasil, realizou um projeto-piloto de formação continuada de modalidade híbrida (presencial e a distância para 145 professores do Ensino Fundamental de escolas da rede pública de Joinville, Santa Catarina. Este proje-to, chamado “Geração Movimento”, visou desenvolver conceitos relacionados ao corpo, à atividade física e ao movimento corporal. O presente trabalho se debruça sobre a rede social na internet que integrou à parte a distância do projeto. São focados, neste sentido, o engajamento dos participantes, suas respostas frente às estratégias de comunicação dos gestores e o uso das principais ferramentas tecnológicas desta rede.

Ultrahigh surface area carbon from carbonated beverages: Combining self-templating process and in situ activation

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Zhang, Pengfei; Zhang, Zhiyong; Chen, Jihua; Dai, Sheng

2015-11-01

Ultrahigh surface area carbons (USACs, e.g., >2000 m2/g) are attracting tremendous attention due to their outstanding performance in energy-related applications. The state-of-art approaches to USACs involve templating or activation methods and all these techniques show certain drawbacks. In this work, a series of USACs with specific surface areas up to 3633 m2/g were prepared in two steps: hydrothermal carbonization (200 °C) of carbonated beverages (CBs) and further thermal treatment in nitrogen (600–1000 °C). The rich inner porosity is formed by a self-templated process during which acids and polyelectrolyte sodium salts in the beverage formulas make some contribution. This strategy covers various CBs such as Coca Cola®, Pepsi Cola®, Dr. Pepper®, and Fanta® and it enables an acceptable product yield (based on sugars), for example: 21 wt% for carbon (2940 m2/g) from Coca Cola®. Being potential electrode materials for supercapacitors, those carbon materials possessed a good specific capacitance (57.2–185.7 F g-1) even at a scan rate of 1000 mV s-1. Thus, a simple and efficient strategy to USACs has been presented.

La decisión de los agricultores del área tropical de Cochabamba (Bolivia) de cultivar coca en lugar de los productos alternativos recomendados por el Estado

OpenAIRE

Juan Carlos Barrientos; Walter Schug

2006-01-01

A pesar de la prohibición estatal del cultivo de coca desde 1973 y de la reducción rápida de las plantaciones de coca hasta 2002, este arbusto todavía se cultiva en las zonas tropicales de Cochabamba (Bolivia). Tanto aspectos técnicos como económicos, son responsables de que muchos agricultores se decidan por el cultivo de la coca y no por el de cultivos alternativos. Técnicamente, el cultivo de la coca es más adaptable y menos exigente, en comparación con los cinco cultivos alternativos anal...

Absorption and subjective effects of caffeine from coffee, cola and capsules.

Science.gov (United States)

Liguori, A; Hughes, J R; Grass, J A

1997-11-01

Coffee is often perceived as producing greater pharmacological effects than cola. The present study compared the magnitude and rapidity of peak caffeine levels and subjective effects between coffee and cola. Thirteen users of both coffee and cola (mean daily caffeine consumption = 456 mg) ingested 400 mg caffeine via 12 oz unsweetened coffee, 24 oz sugar-free cola or 2 capsules in a random, double-blind, placebo-controlled, within-subjects design. Subjects provided a saliva sample and completed subjective effect scales 15 min before and 30, 60, 90, 120, 180 and 240 min after ingestion. Mean peak saliva caffeine levels did not differ between coffee (9.7 +/- 1.2 micrograms/ml) and cola (9.8 +/- 0.9 micrograms/ml) and appeared to be greater with these beverages than with the capsule (7.8 +/- 0.6 micrograms/ml; p = NS). Saliva caffeine levels peaked at similar times for coffee (42 +/- 5 min) and cola (39 +/- 5 min) but later for capsule (67 +/- 7 min; p = 0.004). There was no main effect of vehicle or interaction of vehicle and drug on magnitude of peak effect or time to peak increase on self-report scales. In summary, peak caffeine absorption, time to peak absorption, and subjective effects do not appear to be influenced by cola vs. coffee vehicle. Perceived differences in the effects of coffee vs. cola may be due to differences in dose, time of day, added sweetener, environmental setting or contingencies.

Effects of two soft drinks on shear bond strength and adhesive remnant index of orthodontic metal brackets.

Science.gov (United States)

Sajadi, Soodabeh Sadat; Eslami Amirabadi, Gholamreza; Sajadi, Sepideh

2014-07-01

Bond failure of brackets during orthodontic treatment is a common problem; which results in treatment interference, increased treatment time and prolonged clinical time for rebonding of failed brackets. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of Coca-Cola and a non-alcoholic beer on the shear bond strength and adhesive remnant index (ARI) of orthodontic metal brackets in vitro. Eighty intact human premolars were divided into two experimental groups of Coca-Cola and non-alcoholic beer (Istak), and a control group of artificial saliva. Over a period of thirty days, the test groups were immersed in the respective soft drinks for 5 minutes, twice a day. For the remainder of the time, they were kept in artificial saliva at 37°C. The control group was stored in artificial saliva during the experiment. All samples were subjected to shearing forces using Universal Testing Machine. ARI was determined with a stereomicroscope at ×12 magnification. The data of shear bond strength were statistically analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Tukey's Post-Hoc test and the data of ARI scores were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis test. No significant difference was observed in ARIs of the three groups (P≤ 0.552). The shear bond strength of Coke group was significantly lower than that of the two other groups (P≤ 0.035); but there was no significant difference between the shear bond strength of Istak and the control group (P≤ 0.999). Coca-Cola decreased the shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets.

El manejo de contingencias para el tratamiento de la dependencia a la cocaína en la red sanitaria pública

OpenAIRE

Zacarés Romaguera, Francisco Damián

2016-01-01

De acuerdo con el European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA), España, junto con Gran Bretaña, es el país con las tasas de consumo de cocaína más altas. Al mismo tiempo, la demanda de tratamiento por abuso de cocaína se ha incrementado de forma muy importante en nuestro país durante los últimos años. Por este motivo, el desarrollo y la diseminación de tratamientos eficaces de la adicción a la cocaína es un asunto de salud pública prioritario en España y en el resto de Eur...

Cola beverage consumption delays alveolar bone healing: a histometric study in rats

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Juliana Mazzonetto Teófilo

2010-06-01

Full Text Available Epidemiological studies have suggested that cola beverage consumption may affect bone metabolism and increase bone fracture risk. Experimental evidence linking cola beverage consumption to deleterious effects on bone is lacking. Herein, we investigated whether cola beverage consumption from weaning to early puberty delays the rate of reparative bone formation inside the socket of an extracted tooth in rats. Twenty male Wistar rats received cola beverage (cola group or tap water (control group ad libitum from the age of 23 days until tooth extraction at 42 days and euthanasia 2 and 3 weeks later. The neoformed bone volume inside the alveolar socket was estimated in semi-serial longitudinal sections using a quantitative differential point-counting method. Histological examination suggested a decrease in the osteogenic process within the tooth sockets of rats from both cola groups, which had thinner and sparser new bone trabeculae. Histometric data confirmed that alveolar bone healing was significantly delayed in cola-fed rats at three weeks after tooth extraction (ANOVA, p = 0.0006, followed by Tukey's test, p < 0.01. Although the results of studies in rats cannot be extrapolated directly to human clinical dentistry, the present study provides evidence that cola beverage consumption negatively affect maxillary bone formation.

A system dynamics approach to the study of Colombian coca cultivation and the counter-intuitive consequence of law enforcement.

Science.gov (United States)

Jaén, Sebastian; Dyner, Isaac

2014-03-01

A large-scale expansion of the Colombian coca cultivation is one of the most revealing signs of a structural change in the illegal cocaine market in the Andean region. From being a modest and domestic production, in the space of five years Colombian coca cultivation supplied a competitive market, capable of substituting almost completely the foreign sources of supply. The purpose of this work is to explore the role and potential of system dynamics (SD) as a modeling methodology to better understand the consequences of drug policy. As a case study, this work tests the hypothesis that the outbreak of Colombian coca cultivations is a consequence of the take down of large cartels, leading to the surge of small drug-trafficking firms called "cartelitos." Using an SD model, and elements from the economic theory of the criminal firm, our work shows how the formation of these small firms might significantly contribute to the configuring of a more competitive domestic coca industry (and hence to a more efficient crime industry). We conclude that SD seems an appropriate dynamic modeling-based approach to address policy issues regarding drug markets. The methodology takes into account the dynamic nature of drug markets and their multi-dimensional responses to policy interventions. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Four Case Studies on Corporate Social Responsibility: Do Conflicts Affect a Company’s Corporate Social Responsibility Policy?

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Cedillo Torres, Cristina A.; Garcia-French, Mercedes; Hordijk, Rosemarie; Nguyen, Kim; Olup, Lana

2012-01-01

This article studies four multinationals (Apple, Canon, Coca-Cola, Walmart) in relation to their CSR reporting. It will present a general outlook of the company's profile and its compliance with CSR standards. The article will focus on conflict situations concerning the social and environmental CSR

The Electronic Flight Bag: A Multi-Function Tool for the Modern Cockpit

Science.gov (United States)

2002-08-01

Options, Coca Cola Enterprises, ChevronTexaco, Atlas Air, Cessna CitationShares and many others. 34 The very rugged Hammerhead HH3 from...network. Sponsorship for the Institute is provided by the Assistant Secretary of the Air Force (Acquisition), the Air Force Office of Scientific

77 FR 42491 - Announcement of the Board of Trustees for the National Environmental Education Foundation

Science.gov (United States)

2012-07-19

..., Turner Classic Movies and Turner South. Her other experience includes brand management for The Coca-Cola... development, strategic marketing for The Weather Channel and weather.com , and operations and programming for..., Lucas held several positions at Turner Broadcasting System, including Senior Vice President of Strategic...

U.S. Reliance on Foreign IT: Mitigating Risks Associated with Foreign Sources of Hardware Components, Summer 2008 - Project 08-03

Science.gov (United States)

2008-08-01

them,100 is also directly related to American business, as multinational firms such as Disney and Coca - Cola have become international symbols of...graduate school, and hopes to obtain a degree in marketing, communication, and advertising . Erica Tesla graduated from the University of Nebraska at

Preliminary Investigation of Profiling Tools and Methods

Science.gov (United States)

2011-06-01

world today. He has done consulting work for such companies as Google, Microsoft, Cisco Systems, Bayer, Coca Cola , KPMG, AstraZeneca, Ericsson, Kodak...buy-in and overall suggestion that GP works. Limitations: Reads like propaganda, with advertisements right on the page (somewhat police-related

Product's promotion patterns and their effects on consumers ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

This research investigated the influence of promotional patterns of Coca-Cola products on purchase intentions, loyalty and attitude of consumers in Nigeria. Ninety randomly selected social science undergraduates of a major Nigerian university participated in the study. Participants were randomly assigned to three new ...

Filmi ajal nutsin oma neli korda / Anastasia Makejeva ; interv. Jaanus Kulli

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Makejeva, Anastasia

2007-01-01

Kobarkinos Coca Cola Plaza esilinastus Peeter Simmi mängufilm Georg Otsast "Georg". Naispeaosatäitja jutustab filmis osalemisest ja filmist. Lisatud kommentaarid "Sergei Zernov : Otsa mäletatakse" ja "Peeter Simm : vaatan, et eriti naistele läheb film "Georg" väga hing

Southeast Asia Report

Science.gov (United States)

1987-05-04

the taban beta had audiences that suffered in comparison with the big crowds he and other PnB candidates belonging to the "militant bloc" drew...Bacolod City—A soft drinks boycott is going on in the Netherlands this week to pressure Pepsi Cola and Coca Cola "to take partial responsibility...many newspapers in the audience at the banquet, but only one or two reported his remarks, and it was a small news item, not an important piece of

The dissolution of adult life and youth as a value

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Guita Grin Debert

2010-01-01

Full Text Available Three intertwined social processes give a special configuration to the dissolution of adult life in contemporary societies. (1 the extension of the age range of the young segment of the population; (2 the creation of new categories to demarcate the later stages of the life cycle 3 the transformation of youth into a commodity, a value that should be attained at any stage of life through the adoption of adequate forms of consumption and lifestyles. Based on how these changes are represented in the media and analyzed in the academic literature, the central argument is that the adulthood acquires different meanings in contemporary Brazilian hierarchical society: when referring to the privileged sectors of our society that figure indicates a "failed consumer" who are incapable of adopting appropriate lifestyles and forms of consumption targeted at ensuring youthfulness; when referring to the poor it indicates a sort of "unattainable fantasy", because the poor are discriminated as individuals unable to reach a stage characterized by maturity, responsibility and commitment.

Surface remineralization potential of casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate on enamel eroded by cola-drinks: An in-situ model study

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Navneet Grewal

2013-01-01

Full Text Available Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the remineralization potential of casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP on enamel eroded by cola drinks. Subjects and Methods: A total of 30 healthy subjects were selected from a random sample of 1200 children and divided into two groups of 15 each wherein calcium and phosphorus analyses and scanning electron microscope (SEM analysis was carried out to investigate the remineralization of enamel surface. A total of 30 non-carious premolar teeth were selected from the human tooth bank (HTB to prepare the in-situ appliance. Three enamel slabs were prepared from the same. One enamel slab was used to obtain baseline values and the other two were embedded into the upper palatal appliances prepared on the subjects′ maxillary working model. The subjects wore the appliance after which 30 ml cola drink exposure was given. After 15 days, the slabs were removed and subjected to respective analysis. Statistical Analysis Used: Means of all the readings of soluble calcium and phosphorous levels at baseline,post cola-drink exposure and post cpp-acp application were subjected to statistical analysis SPSS11.5 version.Comparison within groups and between groups was carried out using ANOVA and F-values at 1% level of significance. Results: Decrease in calcium solubility of enamel in the CPP-ACP application group as compared to post-cola drink exposure group (P < 0.05 was seen. Distinctive change in surface topography of enamel in the post-CPP-ACP application group as compared to post-cola drink exposure group was observed. Conclusion: CPP-ACP significantly promoted remineralization of enamel eroded by cola drinks as revealed by significant morphological changes seen in SEM magnification and spectrophotometric analyses.

Advertising value of mobile marketing through acceptance among youth in Karachi

OpenAIRE

Syed Akbar, Suleman; Azam, Rehan; Muhammad, Danish

2012-01-01

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the key influencing factors towards mobile marketing acceptance among youth in Karachi. It further analyzes the impact of mobile marketing acceptance on its advertising value. To achieve the objective of this study a convenient sample of 247 respondents from University students, Government officials and business organizations in Karachi is taken over a two-week period during the spring of 2012. After validating the instrument, correlation analysis i...

Binding Properties Of A Polymeric Gum From Cola accuminata ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

However all the tablets produced with 1 % w/w binder; Sodium carboxyl methyl cellulose (SCMC) and Cola accuminata failed the hardness test. Hardness increased while friability decreased as tablet binder concentration increased. However, the tablets produced with Cola accuminata gum had long disintegration times ...

Knowledge, Interest, and Value of Youth Zoo Visitors

Science.gov (United States)

Burris, Alexandra M.

2017-01-01

In the face of massive global extinction, the mission of zoos for conservation education has increasing importance. Zoos are in a unique position to affect the development of youth in ways that are consistent with cultivating pro-environmental behaviors. The purpose of this study was to examine three intrinsic traits of youth important to the…

Re-Engineering Values into the Youth Education System: A Needs Analysis Study in Brunei Darussalam

Science.gov (United States)

Zakaria, Gamal Abdul Nasir; Tajudeen, Ahmad Labeeb; Nawi, Aliff; Mahalle, Salwa

2014-01-01

This study aimed to present a practical framework for designing a values teaching program in the youth education system. The choice of content, the nature of the students with respect to learning and their perception about the selected content for teaching values were studied. The study follows a Needs analysis design which drew upon document…

Riias avati Põhja-Euroopa suurim kino / Dita Rietuma

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Rietuma, Dita

2003-01-01

Soome kompanii Finnkino kinovõrk Forum Cinemas laienes Riias 14 saaliga kobarkino Coca-Cola Plaza võrra. USA filmide kõrval näidati alustuseks ka uut Laila Pakalnina mängufilmi "Püüton" ("Pitons"). Ka teised kinod Riias. Piletihinnast, mis Riias palju odavam kui Tallinnas

China, U.S. and Africa: Competition or Cooperation

Science.gov (United States)

2008-03-31

3444 This information campaign asked the public to write letters to the Olympic corporate sponsors like Johnson & Johnson, Coca - Cola , General Electric...Department of Defense (DoD) initiated the formation of a new combatant command known as United States Africa Command or AFRICOM. Advertised as a war

Public Reporting and a More Sustainable Army

Science.gov (United States)

2009-04-01

Coca - Cola Yes Microsoft Yes International Business Machines (IBM) Yes General Electric (GE) Yes Nokia Yes Toyota Yes Intel Yes McDonald’s Yes...DISCLAIMER: The contents of this report are not to be used for advertising , publication, or promotional purposes. Citation of trade names does not

Beyond Vicary's fantasies: The impact of subliminal priming and brand choice

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Karremans, J.C.T.M.; Stroebe, W.; Claus, J.

2006-01-01

With his claim to have increased sales of Coca Cola and popcorn in a movie theatre through subliminal messages flashed on the screen, James Vicary raised the possibility of subliminal advertising. Nobody has ever replicated Vicary's findings and his study was a hoax. This article reports two

Heategevuskaravan külastas kolme maakooli / Mati Määrits

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Määrits, Mati, 1958-

2009-01-01

Üheteistkümnendat aastat toimuva Jõulukaravani raames ühendab Coca-Cola taas jõud UNICEFiga, seekord Põlvamaa väikekoolide abistamiseks. UNICEF Eesti Rahvuskomitee valis välja Vaste-Kuuste, Kauksi, ja Mikitamäe koolid, kes saavad läbi heategevusürituse spordivarustust

78 FR 2689 - National Register of Historic Places; Notification of Pending Nominations and Related Actions

Science.gov (United States)

2013-01-14

... Hotel, 1001 14th St. NW., Washington, 12001194 Wire Building, 1000 Vermont Ave. NW., Washington... LOUISIANA Madison Parish Tallulah Coca-Cola Bottling Plant, N. Plum & E. Green Sts., Tallulah, 12001205... Cabin No. 16, 1920 Bumping Lake Rd., Naches, 12001223 WYOMING Sublette County Green River Drift Trail...

Kes ei maga, see vaatab / Jaanus Kulli

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Kulli, Jaanus, 1955-

2004-01-01

Peale mängufilmi "Täna öösel me ei maga" esilinastust Coca-Cola Plazas : režissöör Ilmar Taska : produtsent ning üks stsenariste Kristian Taska. Lisaks vastavad Signe Kivi ja Urmas Paet küsimusele "Millised on teie esmamuljed filmist?"

77 FR 76770 - Proposed Exemptions From Certain Prohibited Transaction Restrictions

Science.gov (United States)

2012-12-28

... Training Fund (the Fund); L-11738, The Coca-Cola Company (TCCC) and Red Re, Inc. (Red Re) (together, the... trustee specializing in complex financial transactions. GreatBanc has offices in Chicago, New York City... consultants, including Prairie Capital Advisors, Inc. (Prairie), GreatBanc's independent financial advisor...

Download this PDF file

African Journals Online (AJOL)

mwakagugu

Objectives: This in vitro study aimed to evaluate the ... dissolution. Compared with the control (Coca-cola), all the samples showed comparable but slightly higher pH levels. .... 0.1N NaOH or HCl (in case the initial pH was above 7.0) and ...

An intergenerational reminiscence programme for older adults with early dementia and youth volunteers: values and challenges.

Science.gov (United States)

Chung, Jenny C C

2009-06-01

To examine the values of a reminiscence programme, adopting an intergenerational approach, on older persons with early dementia and youth volunteers. A pre- and post- one group design was adopted. Forty-nine elderly participants with early dementia and 117 youth volunteers participated in the study. Each elderly participant was assigned to two youth participants. This dyad group participated in a 12-session reminiscence programme. The youth participants acted as facilitators to prompt the elderly participants to share and discuss past events and experiences, and to support them to fabricate a personalized life-story book. An occupational therapist provided ongoing support and monitoring. The elderly participants were evaluated by the Chinese version of Mini-mental State Examination, Quality of Life-Alzheimer's Disease (QoL-AD), and Chinese version of Geriatric Depression Scale (CGDS) before and after the programme. Dementia Quiz (DQ), Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale and a 20-item feedback questionnaire on the programme were used to evaluate the youth participants. Significant pre- and postprogramme differences were found for QoL-AD (mean change = -1.91; 95% CI = -3.18, -0.64) and CGDS (mean change = 1.86; 95% CI = 0.92, 2.80) among the elderly participants, and for DQ (mean change = -1.14; 95% CI = -2.11, -0.17) among the youth participants. Volunteers also showed positive appreciation of older persons and opined that this community service provided them an opportunity to reflect on their relationship with elderly relatives. Some volunteers, however, commented the heavy workload of the reminiscence programme. The intergenerational reminiscence programme suggests mutually beneficial values for both groups of participants. Whilst it is feasible to involve trained volunteers in the implementation of dementia-related programmes, it is essential that they are adequately trained and that ongoing support and monitoring are provided.

Solving large scale structure in ten easy steps with COLA

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Tassev, Svetlin [Department of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University, 4 Ivy Lane, Princeton, NJ 08544 (United States); Zaldarriaga, Matias [School of Natural Sciences, Institute for Advanced Study, Olden Lane, Princeton, NJ 08540 (United States); Eisenstein, Daniel J., E-mail: stassev@cfa.harvard.edu, E-mail: matiasz@ias.edu, E-mail: deisenstein@cfa.harvard.edu [Center for Astrophysics, Harvard University, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138 (United States)

2013-06-01

We present the COmoving Lagrangian Acceleration (COLA) method: an N-body method for solving for Large Scale Structure (LSS) in a frame that is comoving with observers following trajectories calculated in Lagrangian Perturbation Theory (LPT). Unlike standard N-body methods, the COLA method can straightforwardly trade accuracy at small-scales in order to gain computational speed without sacrificing accuracy at large scales. This is especially useful for cheaply generating large ensembles of accurate mock halo catalogs required to study galaxy clustering and weak lensing, as those catalogs are essential for performing detailed error analysis for ongoing and future surveys of LSS. As an illustration, we ran a COLA-based N-body code on a box of size 100 Mpc/h with particles of mass ≈ 5 × 10{sup 9}M{sub s}un/h. Running the code with only 10 timesteps was sufficient to obtain an accurate description of halo statistics down to halo masses of at least 10{sup 11}M{sub s}un/h. This is only at a modest speed penalty when compared to mocks obtained with LPT. A standard detailed N-body run is orders of magnitude slower than our COLA-based code. The speed-up we obtain with COLA is due to the fact that we calculate the large-scale dynamics exactly using LPT, while letting the N-body code solve for the small scales, without requiring it to capture exactly the internal dynamics of halos. Achieving a similar level of accuracy in halo statistics without the COLA method requires at least 3 times more timesteps than when COLA is employed.

Hard times and European youth. The effect of economic insecurity on human values, social attitudes and well-being.

Science.gov (United States)

Reeskens, Tim; Vandecasteele, Leen

2017-02-01

While economic downturns have adverse effects on young people's life chances, empirical studies examining whether and to what extent human values, social attitudes and well-being indicators respond to sudden economic shocks are scarce. To assess the claim that human values are less affected by economic shocks than social attitudes and well-being, two distinct yet related studies based on the European Social Survey (ESS) are conducted. The first employs a fixed effects pseudo-panel analysis of the 2008-2014 ESS-waves to detect whether changes over time in the socio-demographic group's unemployment risk and national youth unemployment affect individual dispositions to varying degrees. The second study captures micro- and cross-national effects in the 2010 ESS cross-section. Unique for this set-up is that we can test whether the findings hold for over-time changes in youth unemployment within countries (pseudo-panel), as well as for cross-country differences in youth unemployment (multilevel). Both studies indicate that political trust, satisfaction with the economy and subjective well-being are lowered by economic risk and hardship, while social trust and self-rated health are less affected by changes in youth unemployment. Secondly, human values are immune to economic risk, underscoring that values transcend specific situations and are therefore resistant against sudden economic shocks. © 2016 The Authors. International Journal of Psychology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of International Union of Psychological Science.

A rapid and simple determination of caffeine in teas, coffees and eight beverages.

Science.gov (United States)

Sereshti, Hassan; Samadi, Soheila

2014-09-01

Caffeine was extracted and preconcentrated by the simple, fast and green method of dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) and analysed by gas chromatography-nitrogen phosphorus detection (GC-NPD). The influence of main parameters affecting the extraction efficiency investigated and optimised. Under the optimal conditions, the method was successfully applied to determination of caffeine in different real samples including five types of tea (green, black, white, oolong teas and tea bag), two kinds of coffee (Nescafe coffee and coffee), and eight beverages (regular Coca Cola, Coca Cola zero, regular Pepsi, Pepsi max, Sprite, 7up, Red Bull and Hype).The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) were 0.02 and 0.05 μg mL(-1), respectively. Linear dynamic range (LDR) was 0.05-500 μg mL(-1) and determination coefficient (R(2)) was 0.9990. The relative standard deviation (RSD) was 3.2% (n=5, C=1 μg mL(-1)). Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

A spectroscopic and surface microhardness study of enamel exposed to beverages supplemented with ferrous fumarate and ferrous sulfate. A randomized in vitro trial.

Science.gov (United States)

Xavier, Arun M; Rai, Kavita; Hegde, Amitha M; Shetty, Suchetha

2016-06-01

To compare the efficacy between supplementing ferrous fumarate and ferrous sulfate to carbonated beverages by recording the in vitro mineral loss and surface microhardness (SMH) changes in human enamel. 120 enamel blocks each (from primary and permanent teeth) were uniformly prepared and the initial SMH was recorded. These enamel specimens were equally divided (n = 60) for their respective beverage treatment in Group 1 (2 mmol/L ferrous sulfate) and Group 2 (2 mmol/L ferrous fumarate). Each group was further divided into three subgroups as Coca-Cola, Sprite and mineral water (n= 10). The specimens were subjected to three repetitive cycles of respective treatment for a 5-minute incubation period, equally interspaced by 5-minute storage in artificial saliva. The calcium and phosphate released after each cycle were analyzed spectrophotometrically and the final SMH recorded. The results were tested using student's t-test, one-way ANOVA and Wilcoxon signed rank test (P Coca-Cola (P < 0.005).

Asociación de otras drogas de abuso en la intoxicación por cocaína

OpenAIRE

JL Echarte Pazos; A Supervía Caparrós; C Clemente Rodríguez; ML Iglesias Lepine; N León Bertrán; V Labordeta de la Cal; I Puente Palacios; G Maldonado Duran; E Skaf Peters; A Aguirre Tejedo

2011-01-01

El objetivo del presente trabajo ha sido llevar a cabo un análisis de las urgencias atendidas en un hospital urbano de tercer nivel que se han relacionado con el consumo de cocaína. Para ello se ha realizado un estudio retrospectivo, con exclusión del área de pediatría y ginecología, durante los años 2005 y 2006. Se revisaron todas las asistencias clínicas que consultaron por intoxicación por cocaína. Los datos fueron analizados con el paquete estadístico SPSS 15.0 para windows. Durante el pe...

La hoja transfronteriza. El consumo de coca en las faenas mineras salitreras en el Norte Grande de Chile (1900-1930

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Sergio González Miranda

2016-01-01

Full Text Available Bolivian workers have crossed the Andes and participated in the nitrate-mining projects from the beginning of the cycle of expansion of that industry in the 19th century until its definitive ending with the crisis of 1930. Along with the arrival of these workers in the towns and camps of Tarapacá and Antofagasta, came a variety of goods that formed an essential part of their diet, including coca leaves. Although the consumption of this product is associated with high-altitude mining and underground mining, this article studies the importance it had in desert and open-pit mining. It also analyzes the commerce of coca in the local stores known as pulperías, and the opinion of public officials regarding the social and labor impact of this cross-border leaf. A historiographical study was done of press archives and official documents located in Chile and Bolivia, to contrast the hypotheses on the subject, leading to conclude that the consumption of coca was generalized among workers of almost all types in the nitrate-mining industry. With respect to nationalities, the consumption of coca was not limited exclusively to Bolivians, but was common among Peruvian and Chilean workers as well.

Lessons to be learned: a case study approach. Vitamin B12 deficiency of nutritional origin.

Science.gov (United States)

Donaldson, D

1997-10-01

The case is presented of a 14 year old boy who developed severe anaemia at the onset of puberty caused by nutritional deficiency of vitamin B12 of about 10 years duration. The dietary intake comprised mainly chips, ice-cream, fruit and Coca-Cola--with small amounts of vitamin B12 from occasional slices of chicken meat. His denial of abnormal nutritional intake, supported by his mother, delayed confirmation of the correct diagnosis. However, the true situation was eventually confessed--and following implementation of a normal diet he rapidly improved clinically, the haemoglobin value rose to normal and he subsequently remained well.

Evaluation of Antioxidant and Free Radical Scavenging Abilities of ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Objective: This study was aimed at determining the antioxidants and free radical scavenging abilities of some packaged fruit juices (PFJ) widely used as source of fluids in Nigeria. Materials and methods: Packaged fruit juice samples produced by The Coca cola Company and Chi company namely: Apple(AP), blackcurrant, ...

A Corporate Pitch for Athletics.

Science.gov (United States)

Morrison, Steve

1998-01-01

The challenge of funding new athletic programs with no additional tax revenue forced a Colorado Springs school district to supplement existing funding arrangements (participation fees, gate admissions, and team fundraising) with a new income source--a lucrative Coca-Cola contract. This article explains how to negotiate (and justify) favorable…

Identifying and Assessing Effective Mechanisms for Technology Transfer

Science.gov (United States)

2007-03-01

There is a distinct manner in which civilian technology is protected; even though secrecy is one option, as is the case with the Coca - Cola formula...done with the appropriate dedicated resources. They also placed heavy emphasis on acquiring early sponsorship for the technology and be able to set

Architecture and Politics in Central Europe

Science.gov (United States)

2004-12-01

been changed in internal form and used to house a “slick” convention center, a casino, the World Business Center, Coca - Cola Poland; some very non...some of the most recognizable art and architecture that we know today. Art and architecture require sponsorship or money, and during these times

Eleven Ways To Make Money.

Science.gov (United States)

Vail, Kathleen

1998-01-01

Many school districts are becoming aggressively entrepreneurial in their efforts to raise money. One district serves as the Internet service provider for their area, another rents buses and drivers to community groups. A sidebar describes a controversial deal between Coca-Cola and the Colorado Springs School District. (MLF)

Resisting Reflexive Control: A Reassessment of Chinas Strategy and A2/AD

Science.gov (United States)

2015-04-01

most prominent advertising sites in the United States. Companies such as Coca - Cola and Prudential have advertised there for years.58 One name that...3. Picture of Xinhua News Agency advertising in Times Square, (Reprinted from Xinhuanet.com, http://news.xinhuanet.com/english2010/ph oto/2011-08

Iran: U.S. Concerns and Policy Responses

Science.gov (United States)

2009-06-22

others. • An Irish subsidiary of the Coca Cola company provides syrup for the U.S.-brand soft drink to an Iranian distributor, Khoshgovar. Local...Washington Post, January 24, 2004. 13 For Iran’s arguments about its program, see Iranian paid advertisement “An Unnecessary Crisis—Setting the Record

Engaging the Borderlands: Options for the Future of U.S.-Mexican Relations

Science.gov (United States)

2010-12-02

change in just U.S. markets, as demonstrated by the fact that there are more Wal-Marts and Coca - Cola products consumed in Mexico than any other...response when crossings are detected. While SBInet has not always worked as advertised , technology does take time to mature, and investment and

Extraction and Analysis of V-Type Agents (VX, RVX, CVX, and VM) from Various Food Matrices by Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Time-Of-Flight Mass Spectrometry

Science.gov (United States)

2015-12-01

and 2% Reduced Fat Milk Juicy Juice apple juice (Nestlé USA; Glendale, CA), Minute Maid orange juice ( Coca Cola Company; Atlanta, GA), and Food...This report may not be cited for purposes of advertisement . This report has been approved for public release. iv Blank v CONTENTS 1

The Beijing Olympics: Political Impact and Implications for Soft Power Politics

Science.gov (United States)

2008-12-01

the environment in Beijing and other cities in which events are being conducted. First, all vending machines provided by Coca Cola for the Games...the income created by construction, tourism, and advertising during the Games. The IOC is not responsible for any of the costs incurred by the host

Kennesaw State University Classroom Technology Initiative.

Science.gov (United States)

McHaney, Jane; Wallace, Deborah; Taylor, Beverley

The purpose of the Kennesaw State University (KSU) Coca Cola/Board of Regents Classroom Technology Initiative was to develop preservice and inservice teachers' expertise in educational technology such as computers, presentation software, and multimedia and to teach educators to apply those skills to content instruction. Project goals were to…

Kuidas Procter & Gamble kasvas suureks / Andres Eilart

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Eilart, Andres

2004-01-01

Maailma suurima esmatarbekaupade tootja Procter & Gamble arengust, kasvustrateegiast ja uue juhi Alan G. Lafley eesmärkidest ning tegevusest ettevõtte eesotsas. Vt. samas: Peakorter Läti asemel Eestisse?; Coca-Cola ja P&G ühisettevõte; Procter & Gamble tööstusspionaazhi kahtluse küüsis

3D kino - IMAXi äärealadelt popkornikinode peavooluks? / Margit Tõnson

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Tõnson, Margit, 1978-

2008-01-01

Ruumilise e. 3D-kino levikust ja jõudmisest Forum Cinemas kinoketi kinodesse, esialgu Coca Cola Plazasse Tallinnas : 24. oktoobril linastuvad "Kärbsed kuu peale" ja "U2 3-D". Nukufilmil on juba eelmisest aastast digitaalne stereonukufilm "Miriami piknik". 3D-kino lähitulevikust maailmas, eelkõige USAs

Kolm Oscari-filmi / Timo Diener

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Diener, Timo

2007-01-01

Tallinnas Coca Cola Plazas saab 16. veebruarist näha kolme uut mängufilmi, mis kandideerivad Oscari auhindadele - Todd Fieldi "Väikesed lapsed" ("Little Children"), Bill Condoni muusikafilm "Dreamgirls" ja Kevin Macdonaldi "Shotimaa viimane kuningas" ("The Last King of Scotland"), Uganda diktaatori Idi Amini rollis Forest Whitaker

COLA with massive neutrinos

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Wright, Bill S.; Winther, Hans A.; Koyama, Kazuya, E-mail: bill.wright@port.ac.uk, E-mail: hans.winther@port.ac.uk, E-mail: kazuya.koyama@port.ac.uk [Institute of Cosmology and Gravitation, University of Portsmouth, Dennis Sciama Building, Burnaby Road, Portsmouth, Hampshire, PO1 3FX (United Kingdom)

2017-10-01

The effect of massive neutrinos on the growth of cold dark matter perturbations acts as a scale-dependent Newton's constant and leads to scale-dependent growth factors just as we often find in models of gravity beyond General Relativity. We show how to compute growth factors for ΛCDM and general modified gravity cosmologies combined with massive neutrinos in Lagrangian perturbation theory for use in COLA and extensions thereof. We implement this together with the grid-based massive neutrino method of Brandbyge and Hannestad in MG-PICOLA and compare COLA simulations to full N -body simulations of ΛCDM and f ( R ) gravity with massive neutrinos. Our implementation is computationally cheap if the underlying cosmology already has scale-dependent growth factors and it is shown to be able to produce results that match N -body to percent level accuracy for both the total and CDM matter power-spectra up to k ∼< 1 h /Mpc.

Cocaína (Investigación bibliográfica)

OpenAIRE

Salas Segura, Donato A.

2001-01-01

artículo de revisión bibliográfica -- Universidad de Costa Rica, Facultad de Medicina. 2001 Se trata de una revisión bibliográfica sobre las principales características farmacológicas, clínicas y del tratamiento de la intoxicación por cocaína. It is about the bibliographical review of the main pharmacological, clinical characteristics and the treatment of intoxication with cocaine. lt also includes other less frequently studied aspects in the medical literature like the botanical chara...

PENGEMBANGAN SISTEM INFORMASI JASA BERBASIS LAYANAN PELANGGAN (STUDI KASUS PT. GLORA KARYA MAKMUR, BAWEN

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Sriyanto Sriyanto

2012-02-01

Full Text Available Berkembangnya ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi khususnya di bidang industri akan mengakibatkan persaingan atau kompetisi menjadi semakin ketat. Persaingan tersebut tidak hanya terjadi pada perusahaan – perusahaan yang bergerak di bidang produksi barang atau manufaktur saja. Persaingan juga terjadi pada perusahaan yang bergerak di bidang jasa. Untuk memenangkan persaingan tersebut semua perusahaan, dalam hal ini yang bergerak di bidang jasa, tentu saja harus meningkatkan pelayanannya kepada konsumen. PT. Glora Karya Makmur adalah perusahaan yang  bergerak di bidang jasa transportasi barang.. Dalam melaksanakan kegiatannya PT. Glora Karya Makmur mendistribusikan produk Coca – Cola berdasarkan delivery order yang diberikan oleh pihak Coca Cola ke sales centre –sales centre tersebut. Permasalahan yang dihadapai adalah perusahaan belum mampu memenuhi kebutuhan pelanggan akan informasi yang cepat dan akurat, hal ini  disebabkan karena belum adanya sistem informasi berbasis layanan pelanggan yang handal dalam menangani delivery order dari pelanggan.                 Sistem informasi yang akan dikembangkan adalah sistem informasi transportasi (SITASI yang menggunakan arsitektur database client-server. Dalam merancang sistem ini lebih dulu dilakukan analisis sistem yang lama dengan menggunakan IDEFø. Pemodelan IDEFø juga digunakan pada saat merancang sistem yang baru Setelah dilakukan perancangan sistem yang baru dan mengembangkannya dalam bentuk perangkat lunak, dihasilkan dua interface utama yaitu interface untuk perusahaan (PT. GKM dan interface untuk pelanggan (PT. Coca –Cola yang saling terhubung dengan database yang sama. Dengan adanya perangkat lunak SITASI ini maka prosedur kerja antara kedua perusahaan akan menjadi lebih mudah dan lebih cepat, dan pelanggan akan lebih puas dengan kinerja yang diberikan oleh perusahaan. Kata kunci    : client-server,IDEFø,SITASI,layanan pelanggan.

Análise toxicológica da cocaína e dos seus metabolitos em contexto forense

OpenAIRE

Quental, Ana Raquel de Pinho Sousa

2015-01-01

Projeto de Pós-Graduação/Dissertação apresentado à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Ciências Farmacêuticas Apesar do declínio no consumo de cocaína observado nas últimas décadas, esta continua a ser uma das drogas ilícitas mais consumidas no mundo. A cocaína possui múltiplas ações centrais e periféricas, sendo um potente estimulante do sistema nervoso central e também um anestésico local com propriedades vasoconstritoras. O seu consu...

DIFICULDADES DE MECANIZAÇÃO AGRÍCOLA NA AGRICULTURA FAMILIAR BRASILEIRA

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Winny Silva Trugilho

2017-05-01

Full Text Available A produtividade do setor agrícola brasileiro e a oferta do produto final ao mercado consumidor estão diretamente relacionadas com a mecanização em todas as etapas do processo produtivo. No entanto, poucos agricultores familiares possuem acesso à mecanização agrícola devido alto custo do investimento inicial. O presente trabalho descreve as principais dificuldades para a implementação de máquinas agrícolas na agricultura familiar e os principais problemas da mecanização. Contudo, pôde-se observar que a mecanização é pouco empregada pelos agricultores familiares, no entanto, as patrulhas agrícolas possibilitam o emprego de máquinas pelos pequenos agricultores.

Two boys and a can of coca-cola

Science.gov (United States)

Partensky, Michael B.

2002-02-01

A barometric analogy imposes a limit ˜10 meters for a height from which one can sip Coke through a straw from a can placed on the ground. How did Jeff manage to overcome this restriction without using anyone's help or tools? One possible solution is offered.

"We'll turn your water into Coca-Cola"

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Vos, de Rosanne; Köhne, Michiel; Roth, Dik

2018-01-01

This article discusses land control strategies and practices for development of large-scale oil palm plantations in West Kalimantan, Indonesia. In oil palm and "land grab" literature, much attention is paid to potential contributions of free, prior, and informed consent procedures. However, this

ANALIZA LOJALNOSTI ODJEMALCEV DO IZDELKOV ZNAMKE COCA-COLA

OpenAIRE

Šauperl, Matej

2012-01-01

Zadovoljstvo odjemalcev predstavlja za podjetja pomembno vlogo pri zagotavljanju uspešnih poslovnih rezultatov in ohranjanju konkurenčnega tržnega deleža. Z zadovoljevanjem potreb in želja odjemalcev podjetja skrbijo in ohranjajo to medsebojno povezanost med podjetjem in odjemalcem. Glede na to, da živimo v času odprtega trga in globalne ekonomske krize, h kateremu lahko dodamo prenasičenost trga in močno konkurenco na vsakem koraku, je za podjetja bistvenega pomena, da se zaveda ogroženosti ...

Color stability assessment of two different composite resins with variable immersion time using various beverages: An In vitro study

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

M Senthil Kumar

2017-01-01

Full Text Available Purpose of the Study: The aim of the study was to evaluate the difference in the color of microhybrid (MH and nanofilled (NF composite resins after 24 and 48 h in beverages such as red wine (RW, Coca-Cola, and distilled water. The specific objective of this study was to investigate the cumulative effect of the colorant solutions on the dental composites. Materials and Methods: MH and NF composite resins (A2 shade were used in this current study. Sixty disk-shaped material specimens (10 mm in diameter × 2 mm in thickness were prepared using a fiber mold (ring, with the desired dimensions. The specimen surfaces were polished using super-snap polishing system. Sixty specimens were divided into two groups of 30 each (Group I: MH resin composite; Group II: NF resin composite. Both the groups divided into six subgroups (Subgroup I: RW for 24 h [RW-24]; Subgroup II: RW for 48 h; Subgroup III: Coca-Cola for 24 h [CC-24]; Subgroup IV: Coca-Cola for 48 h [CC-48]; Subgroup V: Distilled water for 24 h [DW-24]; Subgroup VI: Distilled water for 48 h [DW-48]. All the samples were immersed in respective drinks for a period of 24 h, and color differences were measured using ultraviolet spectrophotometer. Once again, all the samples were immersed for another 24 h in the same drinks. After 48 h, the color change of the samples was measured. Measurements were made according to the CIE L × a × b × color space relative to the CIE standard illuminant D65. The color changes of the specimens were evaluated using the following formula: [INSIDE:1]Statistical analysis was performed. The data were analyzed using the one-way ANOVA and t-test at a significance level of 0.05. Conclusion: Color stability of MH composite resin was found to be inferior than the NF resin composite irrespective of immersion medium and time. In RW, the color change observed was maximum for both composite resins followed by Coca-Cola. Immersing the resin composites in distilled water for 24 and

Effect of Cola acuminate on Blood Glucose and Glycosylated ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

The levels of blood glucose and glycosylated haemoglobin (GHB) were studied in 42 Wistar rats divided into three groups; controls, group A and group B. Control rats consumed only feeds, group A consumed 0.04g of Cola acuminate, while group B consumed 0.08g of Cola acuminate mixed with their feeds daily for six ...

Metodologías para establecer valores de referencia de metales pesados en suelos agrícolas: perspectivas para Colombia Methods for establishing baseline values for heavy metals in agricultural soils:: Prospects for Colombia

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Germán Rueda Saa

2011-07-01

Full Text Available Los impactos ambientales de los metales pesados en los suelos están relacionados con su carácter tóxico cuando se acumulan o interactúan con algunas propiedades específicas, se movilizan a través del perfil a la cadena trófica mediante los cuerpos de agua o los cultivos y pueden llegar a afectar la salud humana. En países desarrollados el establecimiento de valores de referencia de estos metales ha permitido el mejoramiento de la planeación y la gestión ambiental del recurso suelo, y se ha convertido en un instrumento de control para las entidades ambientales que ha permitido evaluar el impacto en diferentes actividades agrícolas. En este artículo se analizan diversos conceptos relacionados con los niveles de metales pesados en suelos agrícolas y la incidencia de las características edafológicas en su concentración. Se revisan, igualmente, algunas metodologías para derivar valores de referencia específicos aplicables a suelos agrícolas colombianos, y se plantean algunas perspectivas orientadas a la protección y recuperación de suelos en el país. En Colombia en la actualidad no se cuenta con criterios y estándares de calidad para medir la contaminación por metales pesados en suelos agrícolas; por esto se hace necesario gestionar el apoyo de entidades gubernamentales con el fin de iniciar y desarrollar investigaciones en diferentes sectores agrícolas primarios, contribuyendo de esta forma a garantizar una producción más limpia y la sostenibilidad ambiental del recurso suelo.From an environmental perspective, the importance of heavy metals in soils is related to their toxicity either due to accumulation or to any interaction among them and some of their specific properties. In each case, heavy metals can move through the soil profile and transfer into the trofic chain by using through water bodies or crops affecting de human health. In developed countries, the establishment of baseline values has permitted improvements

Vartotojų požiūrio formavimas reklamos priemonėmis: „Coca-Cola“ pavyzdžiu

OpenAIRE

Kučkovaitė, Agnė

2018-01-01

Šio darbo tikslas – ištirti Lietuvos gyventojų požiūrį į reklamą ir pateikti „Coca-Cola“ įmonei pasiūlymus kaip tinkamiausiu būdu reklamuoti savo paslaugas internete. Darbas sudarytas iš trijų dalių. Pirmoje dalyje teoriniu aspektu apibūdinama ir palyginama su kitomis reklamos priemonėmis reklama internete, jos privalumai, trūkumai ir perspektyvos. Antroje dalyje pristatoma „Coca-Cola“ įmonė, analizuojami Lietuvos gyventojų požiūrio į reklamą internete tyrimo rezultatai, nustatomi tinka...

Efectividad del uso del mate de coca en la reducción del estrés laboral en

OpenAIRE

Rivera-Encinas, María Teresa

2016-01-01

Objetivo: Evaluar la efectividad del uso del mate de coca en la reducción del estrés laboral en administrativos de una universidad y determinar sus principales características sociodemográficas.Material y métodos: Se aplicó el cuestionario para la detección del estrés laboral de la OIT/OMS a dos grupos de trabajadores, experimental (10) y control (10), empleando randomización simple. Se hizo un experimento cruzado en 31 días, utilizando mate de coca y agua para cada grupo. Se utilizó el análi...

Non-alcoholic beverages, unknown influence on cell proliferation - an in vitro study.

Science.gov (United States)

Nowacki, Maciej; Adamowicz, Jan; Olkowska, Joanna; Pietkun, Katarzyna; Kloskowski, Tomasz; Bajek, Anna; Drewa, Tomasz

2014-01-01

The aim of the presented study was to check differences between 'Diet' and 'non-Diet' soft drinks on cell proliferation. Coca Cola and Pepsi Cola of different origin and their dietetic versions were examined at concentrations of 2% and 4%. Fructose and glucose as well as medium alone (control) were examined. Cell number was higher in media supplemented with soft drinks, compared to control. Proliferation depended on the soft drink concentration and its origin, but not on sugar and calorific content. An unknown factor is responsible for the increase in proliferation.

A cola-induced hypokalemic rhabdomyolysis with electromyographic evaluation: A case report

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Davide Ferrazzoli

2017-02-01

Full Text Available Objective: To report a rare case of hypokalemic rhabdomyolysis induced by the heavy and prolonged ingestion of cola-based beverages, and its uneventful recovery after kalemia normalization. Methods: We report a 38-year-old Caucasian male presented in our emergency room with a recent and progressive weakness of the lower limbs proximal muscles. Results: A dietary history revealed a prolonged ingestion of cola-based beverages. Blood tests showed severe hypokalemia and marked increase in serum creatine phosphokinase. The analysis of cerebrospinal fluid resulted normal. Electromyography was suggestive for a myopathy. The clinical, laboratory and neurophysiological data were evocative for a cola-induced hypokalemic rhabdomyolysis. After kalemia normalization, the improvements of the electromyographic findings paralleled the clinical recovery. Conclusion: Chronic consumption of large amount of cola-based soft drinks may result in severe symptomatic hypokalemia, eventually leading in turn to myopathy. To our knowledge, this is the first description of the electromyographic findings of the cola-induced hypokalemic rhabdomyolysis. An early diagnosis and a prompt treatment appear to be crucial for a benign clinical course.

A cola-induced hypokalemic rhabdomyolysis with electromyographic evaluation: A case report.

Science.gov (United States)

Ferrazzoli, Davide; Sabetta, Annarita; Palamara, Grazia; Caremani, Luca; Capobianco, Marina; Balbi, Pietro; Frazzitta, Giuseppe

2017-01-01

To report a rare case of hypokalemic rhabdomyolysis induced by the heavy and prolonged ingestion of cola-based beverages, and its uneventful recovery after kalemia normalization. We report a 38-year-old Caucasian male presented in our emergency room with a recent and progressive weakness of the lower limbs proximal muscles. A dietary history revealed a prolonged ingestion of cola-based beverages. Blood tests showed severe hypokalemia and marked increase in serum creatine phosphokinase. The analysis of cerebrospinal fluid resulted normal. Electromyography was suggestive for a myopathy. The clinical, laboratory and neurophysiological data were evocative for a cola-induced hypokalemic rhabdomyolysis. After kalemia normalization, the improvements of the electromyographic findings paralleled the clinical recovery. Chronic consumption of large amount of cola-based soft drinks may result in severe symptomatic hypokalemia, eventually leading in turn to myopathy. To our knowledge, this is the first description of the electromyographic findings of the cola-induced hypokalemic rhabdomyolysis. An early diagnosis and a prompt treatment appear to be crucial for a benign clinical course.

Calorie count - sodas and energy drinks

Science.gov (United States)

... 0 Diet Dr. Pepper 12 oz 0 Diet Pepsi 12 oz 0 Dr. Pepper 12 oz 150 ... 12 oz 160 Orange Crush 12 oz 195 Pepsi 12 oz. 150 Sierra Mist 12 oz 150 ... Vanilla Coca-Cola 12 oz 150 Wild Cherry Pepsi 12 oz 160 Energy Drinks AMP Energy Strawberry ...

Rising to the Challenge: Making the Most of Gifts That Leverage Gifts.

Science.gov (United States)

McNay, Linda Wise

1992-01-01

Emory University (Georgia) has advanced its fundraising by leveraging a $2 million challenge from the Coca-Cola Foundation. The school publicized the challenge, made the case for an added incentive to give, and integrated advancement functions to get greater results. Challenge grants can come from industry, foundations, and alumni; and careful…

Joint Force Quarterly. Issue 38, 3rd Quarter, July 2005

Science.gov (United States)

2005-07-01

military ones. The reason is that it’s harder to get to geocentric orbit than the grocery store, that no one is shooting at the Coca Cola Company...and enhanced negotiating power in dealing with corporate sponsorships . The launch of the PSCC concept should ini- tiate critical research on the link

JPRS Report, Soviet Union: International Affairs.

Science.gov (United States)

1988-08-24

birthday)" 73 FEATURE ARTICLE Gabriel Garcia Marquez, "The USSR: 22,400,000 Square Kilometers Without A Single Coca - Cola Ad" Foreword by V. Zemskov...and became acquainted with the antiwar activi- ties carried out in the Ukrainian republic under the sponsorship of the UkSSR Peace Committee. UD

Culture & Cognition in a Complex Megaorganization: Implications for Military Leadership

Science.gov (United States)

2010-01-01

others. Something as ubiquitous and innocuous as the word Coca Cola to an American translates literally into "bite the wax tadpole" in Chinese. The...an Electrolux!" in advertising its vacuum machines in the United States (Peng, 2009: 106). An American expatriate in Malaysia was introduced to a

Online Responses to a Multilingual Super Bowl Ad: Is "America the Beautiful" by Any Other Language Still America, the Beautiful?

Science.gov (United States)

Hoffman, Brooke Y.

2016-01-01

On 2 February 2014, an advertisement entitled "It's Beautiful" debuted during Super Bowl XLVIII, which was watched by 111.5 million people in the USA. The Coca-Cola advertisement portrayed people of various ethnicities and was accompanied by "America the Beautiful" sung in nine languages. Using critical discourse analysis, I…

Ooper tuleb kinosaali / Christel Karits

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Karits, Christel, 1966-

2008-01-01

Forum Cinemas toob oktoobrist maini Tallinnas Coca-Cola Plazas ja Tartus Ekraanis publikuni New Yorgi Metropolitan Opera etenduste HD-otseülekanded: Richard Straussi "Salome" (peaosas Karitta Mattila), "Orfeus ja Eurydike", "Lucia di Lammermoor", "Madame Butterfly", "La Sonnambula" ja "Tuhkatriinu", etenduste vaheajal näeb vaataja intervjuusid ooperitähtedega

Tshass bessonnitsõ probil / Aleksandra Manukjan

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Manukjan, Aleksandra

2004-01-01

Coca-Cola Plazas esilinastub mängufilm "Täna öösel me ei maga" : stsenaristid Jaan Tätte, Kristian Taska, Mihkel Ulman : režissöör Ilmar Taska : produtsent Kristian Taska : operaator Istvan Borbas : monteerija Michael Duthie : helilooja Sven Grünberg : kunstnik Kalju Kivi : Taska Productions 2004

Melon husk-based activated carbon for treatment of industrial ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

The effect of concentration of activating agent, adsorbent dose and contact time on adsorption of organic contaminants from Coca Cola wastewater was examined at room temperature. The AC prepared with 1.0 M activating agent proved to be the most effective in contaminants removal when dosage and contact time were ...

Publications | Page 138 | CRDI - Centre de recherches pour le ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Au Costa Rica, l'autorité de la concurrence inflige des amendes à Coca-Cola. Le consommateur moyen n'est pas toujours pleinement conscient des avantages que procure une politique de la concurrence. Mais les habitants du Costa Rica en ont pris conscience lorsqu'une décision de l'.

89_462 - 467_BIO 062 Frouk Nas

African Journals Online (AJOL)

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arrangements and less water drainages which are features that encourage persistence of the malaria vector. The area also has the popular. Coca cola food drink company and Challawa. Industrial estate which is a center point for most industries including most of the leather tanneries who create disposal wells that act as.

Ettevõttel lasub ühiskondlik vastutus / Karen Schmidt

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Schmidt, Karen

2011-01-01

Terve Eesti SA algatusel Eesti ettevõtete poolt moodustatud koalitsioonist "Ettevõtted HIV vastu", kuhu kuuluvad Hill & Knowlton, Nordecon, Swedbank, TNS Emor, Coca-Cola, Johnson & Johnson, Rimi Eesti Food, DHL Estonia, Boehringer Ingelheim, Radisson BLU Hotell Tallinn ja TBWA/Guvatrak. Koalitsiooni töös osales kolm aastat ka Statoil

Exercise Ameliorates Endocrine Pancreas Damage Induced by Chronic Cola Drinking in Rats.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Matilde Otero-Losada

Full Text Available This study evaluates whether the daily practice of an exercise routine might protect from endocrine pancreas damage in cola drinking rats.Forty-eight Wistar rats were randomly assigned to 4 groups depending on a beverage consumption ad libitum, water (W or cola beverage (C, and b physical activity, sedentary (S or treadmill running (R. Accordingly, 4 groups were studied: WS (water sedentary, WR (water runner, CS (cola sedentary and CR (cola runner. Body weight, nutritional data, plasma levels of glucose, creatinine, total cholesterol and cholesterol fractions, and triglycerides (enzymocolorimetry, and systolic blood pressure (plethysmography were measured. After 6 months, euthanasia was performed (overdose sodium thiopental. Pancreatic tissue was immediately excised and conventionally processed for morphometrical and immunohistochemical determinations.The effects of running and chronic cola drinking on pancreas morphology showed interaction (p<0.001 rather than simple summation. Cola drinking (CS vs WS reduced median pancreatic islet area (-30%, 1.8 104 μm2 vs 2.58 104 μm2, p<0.0001 and median β-cell mass (-43%, 3.81 mg vs 6.73 mg, p<0.0001, and increased median α/β ratio (+49%, 0.64 vs 0.43, p< 0.001. In water drinking rats (WR vs WS, running reduced median α-cell mass (-48%, 1.48 mg vs 2.82 mg, p<0.001 and α/β ratio (-56%, 0.19 vs 0.43, p<0.0001. Differently, in cola drinking rats (CR vs CS, running partially restored median islet area (+15%, 2.06 104 μm2 vs 1.79 104 μm2, p<0.05, increased median β-cell mass (+47%, 5.59 mg vs 3.81 mg, p <0.0001 and reduced median α/β ratio (-6%, 0.60 vs 0.64, p<0.05.This study is likely the first reporting experimental evidence of the beneficial effect of exercise on pancreatic morphology in cola-drinking rats. Presently, the increase of nearly 50% in β cells mass by running in cola drinking rats is by far the most relevant finding. Moderate running, advisably indicated in cola consumers and

Protective role of Spondias mombin leaf and Cola acuminata seed ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

The leaves of Spondias mombin L. (Anacardiaceae) when chewed with Cola acuminata (P. Beauv.) Schott & Endl. (Sterculiaceae) seeds have memory enhancing and anti-ageing properties. This study sought to investigate the protective effect of hydroethanolic leaf extract of Spondias mombin (SM) and Cola acuminata ...

5 CFR 591.243 - How many members are on each COLA Advisory Committee?

Science.gov (United States)

2010-01-01

... 5 Administrative Personnel 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false How many members are on each COLA Advisory Committee? 591.243 Section 591.243 Administrative Personnel OFFICE OF PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT CIVIL... Areas Program Administration § 591.243 How many members are on each COLA Advisory Committee? A COLA...

Eficacia del programa de reforzamiento comunitario (CRA) más incentivos para el tratamiento de la adicción a la cocaína

OpenAIRE

García Rodríguez, Olaya

2014-01-01

De acuerdo con el European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA), España, junto con Gran Bretaña, es el país con las tasas de consumo de cocaína más altas. Al mismo tiempo, la demanda de tratamiento por abuso de cocaína se ha incrementado de forma muy importante en nuestro país durante los últimos años. Por este motivo, el desarrollo y la diseminación de tratamientos eficaces de la adicción a la cocaína es un asunto de salud pública prioritario en España y en el resto de Eur...

La Elvira, desarrollo agrícola olvidado (caso real

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Álvaro Camacho Caicedo

2007-01-01

Full Text Available En éste artículo, se hace una reflexión crítica sobre la concepción que tradicionalmente han tenido los lideres y dirigentes de las instituciones gubernamentales, privadas y académicas relacionadas con el Desarrollo Rural del Municipio, sobre la importancia de "la contribución del "subsector agrícola campesino caleño" al PIB municipal. Se resalta la relación fundamental que existe entre el nivel de productividad y competitividad que pueden llegar a alcanzar los corregimientos caleños en sus cosechas de hortalizas con los acompañamientos, fomento y apoyos de asistencia tecnológica, crédito agrícola, administración de cultivos y comercialización por parte de las instituciones mencionadas. La falta de apoyos interinstitucionales genera en la comunidad el efecto contrario. En el presente artículo se plantean propuestas, estrategias y políticas para el desarrollo agrícola del corregimiento caleño de La Elvira, basadas en la experiencia del autor como economista agrícola y de otras personas interesadas y conocedoras del tema.

Läti vargaplika mängib eesti meestega / Dea Martinjonis

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Martinjonis, Dea

2001-01-01

13. aprillil esilinastub Coca-Cola Plazas Eesti-Läti mängufilm "Head käed" : stsenarist Toomas Raudam : režissöör Peeter Simm : Allfilm 2001. Filmist räägivad politseiniku osatäitja näitleja Tiit Sukk ja filmi levitaja-firma BDG Film turundusdirektor Aigi Vahing

Hispanic Business Agenda.

Science.gov (United States)

Coca-Cola USA, Atlanta, GA.

This is a corporate policy statement of the Hispanic business agenda of Coca Cola USA, and the results of a community survey conducted to inform that agenda. The statement outlines several areas of company policy as they relate to Hispanic Americans. These areas include regional marketing, promotion, and community relations strategies, a…

Think Local-Act Local: Is It Time to Slow Down the Accelerated Move to Global Marketing?

OpenAIRE

Schuiling, Isabelle

2001-01-01

In view of the accelerated move of great corporations towards global marketing, the strategic changes of such companies raise interesting questions. Is marketing globalization reaching its limits after years of implementation? Is it time for companies to rethink their strategies and move back, like Coca-Cola, to a multi-domestic marketing approach?

Measuring your water footprint: What's next in water strategy

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Hoekstra, Arjen Ysbert

2008-01-01

By now, carbon neutrality is such a catchphrase in the world of responsible business, it’s impossible to ignore the carbon footprint of a new product or service. But with the exception of a few companies like Coca-Cola, Nestlé and Suez, the concept of water neutrality, or measuring your water

Real Language Meets Real Business

Science.gov (United States)

Muirhead, Muirhead; Schechter, Sarah

2016-01-01

The Real Business Language Challenge was a collaborative pilot project between Coca-Cola Enterprises (CCE) and Routes into Languages East for Year 9 and 10 pupils. It was based on CCE's award-winning Real Business Challenge, part of its highly acclaimed education programme. The Real Business Language Challenge transformed the project into a…

Ainult kaks küsimust / Meelis Piller

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Piller, Meelis

2011-01-01

Projekti autor 1. märtsist Tallinnas Eksperimentaalgaleriis ja CocaCola Plazas avatud vanade stereofotode näitusest "Linna-ruum 1900", stereofotograafia ajaloost lühidalt. Tallinna vaadetega stereofotode negatiivid on pärit Eesti Ajaloomuuseumist ja Eesti Filmiarhiivist. Kõige suurema stereofotode pärandi on jätnud fotograaf Jaan Riet

Improving Capabilities for Irregular Warfare. Volume 2. Capabilities Analysis

Science.gov (United States)

2007-08-01

ranged from the Israelis and other Jews buying up all the land in Iraq, to the Coca - Cola logo (sup- posedly owned by Jews) as saying “No Mecca, No...New recruits training as bomb makers may be detected by their handling of explosives. New recruits could be discouraged by widely advertising severe