Eisenstein contemporain : entretien avec Antonio Somaini

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Bruno Leites

2016-04-01

Full Text Available Entretien avec Antonio Somaini à propos des films, des écrits et des dessins de Sergei Eisenstein. Somaini est actuellement un des plus grands spécialistes de l’œuvre d’Eisenstein. À l’entretien, nous parlons de nombreux sujets : les défis de traduire les ouvrages d’Eisenstein, les phases de sa carrière, le développement de sa pensée, la relation de ses films avec ses écrits, sa pratique du dessin et sa passion pour les dessins de Walt Disney. C’est un long entretien dans laquelle nous parlons aussi des principaux concepts d’Eisenstein, tels que l’extase, le pathos, l’organicité, l’attraction, la régression et la plasmaticité. Somaini nous parle également de la spécificité de son travail et de l’urgence de reprendre Eisenstein. D’un côté, il faut le faire sortir de l’histoire du cinéma exclusivement et l’inclure dans le réseau le plus vaste des arts et de la pensée des années 1920, 1930 et 1940. De l’autre côté, il faut penser son projet comme essentiellement contemporain. Comme Somaini l’a dit, ce que nous pensons beaucoup aujourd’hui, le dispositif cinématographique, le rapport entre le cinéma et l’histoire de l’art, l'influence des images sur l’ensemble de l’expérience humaine, cela a toujours été le problème d’Eisenstein.

Faut-il faire la sociologie des singes ?

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Véronique Servais

2012-05-01

Full Text Available En prenant appui sur des exemples empruntés à l’éthologie sociale, ce texte apporte trois arguments au débat sur la naturalisation du social. Le premier met en question la notion de compétence sociale innée en insistant sur la nécessité de préciser « ce qui » est (ou pourrait être inné dans une compétence sociale. Le deuxième montre que la négligence de la dimension affective des interactions et de la communication animale a pour conséquence de placer dans les esprits animaux des « délibérations » ou des « calculs » qui sont d’abord une propriété de la communication affective. Le troisième examine quelques travaux récents sur la coopération chez les primates et conclut qu’ici aussi, les biologistes oublient qu’une grande partie des compétences sociales qu’ils situent dans les individus relèvent en fait de la situation. Après avoir ainsi exposé les limites et les impasses de la biologie dans l’explication du social, y compris dans le monde animal, le texte propose que les sciences sociales investissent empiriquement ce champs laissé en friche, celui de l’articulation entre le biologique et le social. Elles pourraient ainsi contribuer à mieux circonscrire « ce qui » est inné et, donc, à limiter objectivement les ambitions évolutionnistes sur le social.Should we do Sociology of Monkeys?Drawing its examples from the field of ethology and primatology, this paper brings three points to the debate on the naturalization in sociology. The first one insists on the importance of telling apart what is innate and what is not in the “innate social abilities” that are hypothesized by Kaufmann & Cordonier. The second one shows that when scientists see the animal communication as purely informative, they miss the fact that animals are first of all real beings engaged in affective interactions. They consequently wrongfully end up with animals that “calculate” or “make choices”. The third

Georges Lemaître et la théorie du big bang qu'y avait-t-il au commencement de l'univers ?

CERN Document Server

Landa, Pauline

2015-01-01

Découvrez enfin tout ce qu'il faut savoir sur Georges Lemaître et ses inventions en moins d'une heure !L'origine de l'univers, voilà une problématique qui a tenu en haleine de très nombreux scientifiques. Alors que l'on pourrait croire que l'homme s'est posé cette question depuis la nuit des temps, il n'en est rien. C'est Georges Lemaître, un prêtre belge et grand astrophysicien, qui le premier cherche à dater l'univers et à tenter de découvrir ce qu'il y avait au commencement, alors même que l'ensemble de la communauté scientifique était persuadé qu'il avait toujours exis

La recherche révèle ce que pensent les citoyens au sujet du secteur ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

5 août 2015 ... Les individus et les groupes qui n'appuient pas le parti ou la religion au pouvoir ou n'y appartiennent pas estiment que la sécurité fait défaut, comparativement à ceux qui ont des liens plus étroits avec la religion ou le parti dirigeants. Cela explique peut-être pourquoi la majorité de la population arabe ...

Développement de services de monitoring et de haute disponibilité pour le système de contrôle de l'expérience LHCb

CERN Document Server

Lepinette, M; Mesnard, E; Neufeld, N

2009-01-01

L'expérience LHCb, menée dans le cadre du CERN, dispose d'un réseau standard pour acquérir les données produites par les collisions du LHC. Les différents serveurs qui font partie de ce réseau, supportent de nombreux services. En l'état, une panne physique peut rendre un service complètement indisponible, et peut-être interrompre l'acquisition de données. C'est pour cela qu'il faut que le système d'acquisition de données et le système de commande soient les plus fiables possibles. Pour résoudre ce problème, il existe une solution: la haute disponibilité, basée sur une redondance de matériel et la mise en place de cluster. Cette solution peut être amélioré par l'utilisation conjointe de mécanismes de virtualisations. Ma tâche a été d'étudier et de comparer différents types d'outil de virtualisation et de les implémenter sur un cluster.

Response to Comment on "Revealing nature's cellulase diversity: the digestion mechanism of Caldicellulosiruptor bescii CelA".

Science.gov (United States)

Brunecky, Roman; Alahuhta, Markus; Xu, Qi; Donohoe, Bryon S; Crowley, Michael F; Kataeva, Irina A; Yang, Sung-Jae; Resch, Michael G; Adams, Michael W W; Lunin, Vladimir V; Himmel, Michael E; Bomble, Yannick J

2014-05-09

Gusakov critiques our methodology for comparing the cellulolytic activity of the bacterial cellulase CelA with the fungal cellulase Cel7A. We address his concerns by clarifying some misconceptions, carefully referencing the literature, and justifying our approach to point out that the results from our study still stand.

Initial microstructural study of a Ce-La alloy using electron backscattered diffraction

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Scott, Thomas B.; Younes, Charles M.; Ling, Michael; Jones, Christopher P.; Nicholson, John A.; Heard, Peter J.; Jenkins, Roderick

2011-01-01

Research highlights: → First ever successful EBSD microstructural analysis of Ce-La alloy. → Successful preparation using electro-polishing in the open laboratory. → Equiaxed grains 20-40 μm in size dominate the microstructure, with random orientations, relatively straight grain boundary contacts and no evidence for crystal twinning. → All grains matched to a fcc γ-phase. → Problematic presence of entrapped oxide particles. - Abstract: To better understand and exploit the unique electronic and structural properties of f-block metals and their alloys it is perceived that an improved knowledge of the microstructural characteristics and phase changes as a function of temperature and pressure, is necessary. For other different types of metallic systems, the use of electron back-scattered diffraction (EBSD) is becoming a common practice in order to obtain detailed microstructural information, but this has, as yet, been very limited in case of f-block metals. Because of their extreme affinity to oxygen and rapid surface reaction, EBSD studies of this metal-category are very sparse with only one work published on cerium metal providing an example of technical hurdles for a prerequisite oxide-free metal surface. Specifically the need to remove the oxide by ion etching was considered essential to enable a successful EBSD analysis. The current work presents the results of a first attempt to characterise the microstructure of a Ce-La alloy using EBSD. It demonstrates that high quality diffraction patterns and crystal orientation maps can be successfully obtained following a carefully controlled preparation of the alloy surface in the open laboratory by applying a simple and reproducible electro-polishing procedure without a further need for ion etching in vaccuo.

Influence de l'introduction de défauts colonnaires amorphes sur les propriétés de transport d'un monocristal supraconducteur à haute Tc

Science.gov (United States)

Warmont, Franck; Hébert, Sylvie; Hardy, Vincent; Martin, Christine; Simon, Charles; Provost, Jackie

1997-12-01

Columnar defects can be introduced in high T_c superconductors by irradiation with high energy heavy ions. The concentration of these artificial pinning centers with a well characterized morphology is easily controlled. The pinning efficiency of these defects has been often demonstrated, mainly from magnetization measurements. In the present work, measurements of the electrical resistance along the c axis, R_c(T), in the presence of columnar defects are presented. They show the ability of these defects to prevent the thermal fluctuations effects. The measurements have been performed on the same crystal before and after the heavy ion irradiation. L'irradiation aux ions lourds de haute énergie permet d'introduire des défauts colonnaires amorphes dans les supraconducteurs à haute T_c. Ces centres de pinning artificiel, de morphologie connue, sont introduits en concentration facile à maîtriser. L'efficacité de ces défauts a été très souvent démontrée à partir de mesures d'aimantation. L'étude présentée ici : mesure de la résistance selon l'axe c, R_c(T), en présence de défauts colonnaires parallèles à l'axe c, montre que ces défauts sont capables de s'opposer efficacement à l'effet des fluctuations thermiques. Les mesures ont été faites sur le même monocristal avant et après l'irradiation.

Paolo Carta, Il Poeta e la Polis – Colpa e responsabilità in Wystan H. Auden, Padoue, CEDAM, 2003, 170 p., Index des noms, 15 €.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Marie GAILLE-NIKODIMOV

2005-04-01

Full Text Available Il Poeta e la « Polis » – Colpa e responsabilità in Wystan H. Auden est un livre absolument singulier. Il ne faut pas se fier aux apparences d’un titre qui, pour tout lecteur de Platon, résonne de manière plaisamment familière. Il ne s’agit en rien d’un commentaire de l’exclusion des poètes hors de la cité, évoquée dans l’analyse de la tyrannie au livre VIII de La République. Phénomène inhabituel dans le champ de la réflexion politique, Paolo Carta s’intéresse, en tant qu’historien de la pens...

Afrique subsaharienne

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

corvée et mis des produits alimentaires pratiques à la disposition des habitants du Sénégal et d'autres pays d'Afrique. Avant de pouvoir transformer en farine des céréales telles que les mils ou le sorgho, il faut débarrasser les grains de leur enveloppe. Il faut les piler vigoureusement au mortier, un travail qui est fastidieux et ...

Port du hijab et « défaut d’assimilation »

OpenAIRE

Hajjat, Abdellali

2013-01-01

Dans le cadre de deux procédures d’attribution de la nationalité française, l’administration doit évaluer le « degré d’assimilation » des candidats. Le gouvernement peut ainsi refuser l’acquisition de la nationalité au motif du « défaut d’assimilation » pour la procédure de naturalisation (article 21-24 du code civil) et pour l’acquisition par mariage (article 21-4). Cet article analyse le « sens pratique de la mesure » de l’assimilation et prend pour objet un cas particulièrement problématiq...

Décorticage du grain en Afrique : moins d'efforts à fournir pour un ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

28 oct. 2010 ... Avant de pouvoir transformer en farine ou à d'autres fins des céréales telles que le mil ou le sorgho, il faut débarrasser le grain de son enveloppe. Cette corvée, lorsqu'elle est effectuée de façon traditionnelle à la main, est fastidieuse et très exigeante physiquement. Il faut d'abord faire tremper les grains ...

La prolongation de la vie humaine selon Francis Bacon. Ou : quel Tithon voulons-nous être ?

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Dominique Weber

2011-07-01

Full Text Available Afin de comprendre avec exactitude la manière dont Francis Bacon envisage la question de la prolongation de la vie humaine, il faut impérativement examiner l’assise théologique de la réflexion du philosophe à ce sujet. Il convient aussi de restituer l’intégration de cette réflexion dans les objectifs plus amples de la philosophie naturelle nouvelle. Enfin, il est nécessaire de comprendre les dimensions proprement morales de la question. Car la prolongation de la vie humaine n’est pas seulement, au sein de la philosophie naturelle nouvelle, un cas parmi d’autres des recherches qu’il faut désormais effectuer : en réalité, c’est elle qui lui donne et qui lui fixe son sens ; avec elle se joue l’effectivité de l’identité espérée entre science et puissance. Mais il faut encore préciser qu’il ne s’agit aucunement pour l’homme de vieillir pour vieillir : il s’agit pour lui de pouvoir vieillir bien. Les leçons que Bacon tire de la fable de Tithon sont ici véritablement décisives.

Jeux chez les Touaregs

OpenAIRE

Bernus, E.

2012-01-01

Parmi les jeux pratiqués par les Touaregs, il faut distinguer les jeux sportifs qui opposent deux équipes ou deux hommes, des jeux de société dans un cadre inscrit dans le sable, et les jeux d’esprit, véritables joutes verbales ; enfin, il faut signaler la construction par les enfants de jouets. Un certain nombre de jeux sont connus chez d’autres populations africaines. L’ouvrage de Charles Béart, Jeux et jouets de l’Ouest africain (1955), nous permet d’utiles comparaisons. Il est donc intére...

Literatura e transgressão: Sade, Masoch e Bataille

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Renata Lopes Pedro

2008-07-01

Full Text Available Cet article a l'intention de mettre en rapport Littérature et Transgression, à travers l’analyse de trois des auteurs considérés « libertins » : Sade, Masoch et Bataille. Les romans de Sade sont des romans érotiques, écrits pour satisfaire son immense excitation sexuelle et la partager éventuellement avec quelqu’un d’autre. Sade nous présente ses héros à titre d'exemples, mais il faut de remarquer qu' il les qualifie toujours de pervers, vauriens, monstres. Les sinistres orgies de Sade sont des cauchemars, donc l'imaginable peut être admiré, à cause de son intensité d'expression, tant que le réalisable correspondant serait désapprouvé. Néanmoins, les tendance à traiter des sévices sexuels, en prétendant que les patients aussi bien que les agents sentaient une satisfaction spéciale à cela, a pris un sens entièrement nouveau avec Leopold de Sacher-Masoch, un homme énigmatique qui ne menait à bien l'acte sexuel qu’à condition d'être frappé et humilié par la femme que il désirait. Bataille est l'auteur qui présente un sens noir de l'érotique, de ses dangers de séduction et d'humiliation. Dans son oeuvre, Histoire de l'Oeil, il se produit un violent processus de dépersonnalisation, les traits qui distinguent le visage s'effacent et il ne reste que des organes livrés à la convulsion interne de la chair, opérant dans un corps qui renonce à la médiation de l'esprit. Dans cette oeuvre, le sujet de la pornographie n'est pas le sexe, mais le décès.

A propósito de Judíos, moros y cristianos: el género 'relato de viajes' en Camilo José Cela

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Alburquerque García, Luis

2004-12-01

Full Text Available The characteristic features of the "travel narratives" are being studied in light of the work Judíos, moros y cristianos, keeping in mind, above all, some considerations concerning narratology about time and voice. Thus, the perfect synchrony between the time of the story and that of the narrative, simultaneous narrative and the natural rhythm of the "scene", would act like unmistakable traces of the genre in which predominate "descriptive scenes", dialogues, inserted stories and exquisite care for the sake of the lexicon. It wonders in this article why Camilo José Cela's "travel narratives" imply a sustantive contribution in the entirety of his work, which it is illustrated with examples extracted from the reference work, an important book within the genre and paid little attention to by the critics, perhaps owing to the shadow projected by Viaje a la Alcarria. Cela stands out in the use of the above-mentioned resources on top of even predecessors of the Generation of 1898, so illustrious in the cultivation of this genre, like Unamuno or Azorín.Se estudian los rasgos característicos de los 'relatos de viajes' a la luz de la obra Judíos, moros y cristianos, teniendo en cuenta, sobre todo, algunas consideraciones de la narratología sobre el tiempo y la voz. Así, la perfecta sincronía entre el tiempo de la historia y el del relato, la narración simultánea y el ritmo propio de la «escena», actuarían como huellas inequívocas del género, en el que predominan las «descripciones escénicas», los diálogos, las historias intercaladas y el exquisito cuidado por el léxico. Se pondera en este artículo por qué los 'relatos de viajes' de Camilo José Cela suponen una aportación sustantiva en el conjunto de su obra, lo que se ilustra con ejemplos extraídos de la obra de referencia, libro importante dentro del género y poco atendido por la crítica, debido quizá a la sombra proyectada por el Viaje a la Alcarria. Cela descuella en la

Faut-il avoir peur de l’Allemagne? Représentations belges de la réunification allemande à travers 'Le Soir' et 'De Standaard'

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Geneviève Duchenne

2012-11-01

Full Text Available Cet article revisite deux grands titres de la presse quotidienne belge, à savoir De Standaard et Le Soir, pour découvrir les perceptions qui entourèrent les événements qui se sont succédés entre l’été 1989 et l’automne 1990. Comment les différentes composantes de la société belge ont-elles réagi aux perspectives ouvertes par la chute du mur de Berlin ? Existait-il un décalage entre des élites convaincues depuis longtemps de la nécessité vitale de faire l’Europe et une population mue par un sentiment européen fort peu passionné ? Existait-il des différences de perception entre le Nord et le Sud du pays ? La réunification allemande fut-elle l’enjeu d’un débat passionné ? Le cas échéant, comment ce débat fut-il instrumentalisé ? C’est à ces quelques questions que l’article entend répondre tout en oubliant pas qu’il faudra approfondir la recherche et l’élargir notamment à d’autres sources.

Glide Dislocations Dissociation in Inversion Domain Boundaries of Plastically Deformed Aluminium Nitride

Science.gov (United States)

Feregotto, Virginia; Michel, Jean-Pierre

1996-09-01

A ten per cent plastic deformation of polycrystalline aluminium nitride, at a temperature ranging from 1500 to 1650 ^{circ}C creates a new kind of intragranular defect. Observed by transmission electron microscopy, the look like torsion subboundaries created by dislocations with 1/3plastique de 10 % de nitrure d'aluminium polycristallin, entre 1500 et 1650 ^{circ}C introduit un nouveau type de défauts intragranulaires. Au microscope électronique par transmission, ils apparaissent comme des sous-joints de torsion créés par des dislocations de vecteurs de Burgers 1/3<~ngle11bar{2}0rangle dont les nœuds triples sont dissociés en partielles de Shockley ; ils sont situés dans le plan de base. En fait, ces défauts ne se produisent que sur les parties planes de défauts originels, les parois de domaines d'inversion. La formation de ces réseaux fautés est analysée comme l'ultime stade des interactions entre parois de domaines d'inversion et dislocations de glissement.

Genetic characterization of interleukins (IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12A, IL-12B, IL-15 and IL-18) with relevant biological roles in lagomorphs

Science.gov (United States)

Neves, Fabiana; Abrantes, Joana; Almeida, Tereza; de Matos, Ana Lemos; Costa, Paulo P

2015-01-01

ILs, as essential innate immune modulators, are involved in an array of biological processes. In the European rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12A, IL-12B, IL-15 and IL-18 have been implicated in inflammatory processes and in the immune response against rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus and myxoma virus infections. In this study we characterized these ILs in six Lagomorpha species (European rabbit, pygmy rabbit, two cottontail rabbit species, European brown hare and American pika). Overall, these ILs are conserved between lagomorphs, including in their exon/intron structure. Most differences were observed between leporids and American pika. Indeed, when comparing both, some relevant differences were observed in American pika, such as the location of the stop codon in IL-1α and IL-2, the existence of a different transcript in IL8 and the number of cysteine residues in IL-1β. Changes at N-glycosylation motifs were also detected in IL-1, IL-10, IL-12B and IL-15. IL-1α is the protein that presents the highest evolutionary distances, which is in contrast to IL-12A where the distances between lagomorphs are the lowest. For all these ILs, sequences of human and European rabbit are more closely related than between human and mouse or European rabbit and mouse. PMID:26395994

Les perspectives pour une repression efficace des infractions ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

... afin qu'il dispose de compétences nécessaires à son bon fonctionnement. Nous estimons que pour atteindre cet objectif, il faut nécessairement envisager, ... coherent environmental legislation, an operational and efficient legal framework.

PLACE DU MEDECIN GENERALISTE, EN FRANCE, DANS LE PARCOURS DE SOINS DES MALADIES CHRONIQUES

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Claude JAFFIOL

2017-05-01

Full Text Available Les maladies chroniques sont la première cause de décès et la source principale des dépenses de santé. Leur dépistage précoce devrait permettre de limiter leur gravité évolutive et de réduire sensiblement leur coût.Le médecin généraliste est le mieux placé pour assurer la prise en charge de ces affections tout au long du parcours de soins. Mais plusieurs obstacles limitent cette évidence : la diminution régulière du nombre de praticiens de premier recours affectant de nombreux bassins de santé en France,  mais aussi, pour ceux en activité, des difficultés tenant au manque de formation, de temps médical et à une rémunération inadaptée à la prise en charge de ces pathologies. De ce fait, la prévention des maladies chroniques est insuffisante, leur diagnostic souvent trop tardif,  tandis que leur suivi se heurte au défaut d’observance du traitement par le patient et, plus rarement, à l’inertie thérapeutique médicale.   C'est pourquoi, il faut revoir fondamentalement la prise en charge des patients  pour les rendre autonomes dans la gestion de leur affection tout en donnant au praticien les moyens de gérer et de coordonner efficacement les diverses étapes du parcours de soin. Cela exige de changer les mentalités de part et d'autre, mais aussi de donner au médecin les moyens financiers lui permettant de consacrer à ses patients plus de temps, au centre d'une nouvelle organisation interprofessionnelle. La prévention et l’éducation thérapeutique du patient (ETP sont les clés de cette révolution thérapeutique. Il convient, en outre,  de revoir la formation des étudiants en privilégiant les sciences humaines et les stages chez le praticien, en favorisant  un accès accru au numérique et en assurant la reconnaissance, par des mesures concrètes, de la place du médecin généraliste dans un nouveau parcours de soins où il doit avoir un rôle central de coordinateur.

Exemption communautaire du paiement des services de santé au ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Faute de moyens financiers, de nombreuses personnes au Burkina Faso se retrouvent exclues des services de santé. Cependant, les connaissances sur la manière dont il faut s'organiser pour que les plus pauvres puissent bénéficier des soins sont très limitées. Cette étude vise à tester l'efficacité d'une innovation dans le ...

« Il faut qu’un party se sente bien faible quand il accepte et qu’il recherche de tels appuis ». Femmes, jansénisme et publicité à Paris au xviiie siècle

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Nicolas Lyon-Caen

2009-07-01

Full Text Available Le jansénisme devient, au siècle des Lumières, une déviance publique et donnée à voir à travers les lieux de la Ville. La présence féminine est évidente mais varie selon lessources car l’influence féminine n’est pas simplement tacite, mais constitue bel et bien un droit reconnu et sanctionné par des usages. Les institutions urbaines d’ancien régime sont cependant résolument masculines et l’impuissance des femmes réside plutôt dans leur extériorité au langage de celles-ci, sans que cela les empêche de faire « comme les hommes ». Mais leur investissement effectif dans la cause janséniste pose de manière récurrente, et insoluble, la question de leur rôle politique dans une société de plus en plus travaillée par le problème de la représentation.Contrary to the idea that associates religious deviance or minority with secrecy, Jansenism offers a different case study. During the eighteenth century Jansenists made their deviance public throughout the city of Paris, the major manifestation of which being the pilgrimage to the tomb of Deacon François de Pâris. Even though women participated to the movement, different sources give little evidence, as female influence was not simply tacit, but indeed constituted a right acknowledged by uses. Yet, urban institutions membership was resolutely male, the impotence of women, in that case, can be explained by their being foreign to the discourse of municipal bodies, which did not prevent them from acting “like men”. Therefore, the effective female investment in the Jansenist cause regularly posed the insoluble problem of their political role in a society in which the issue of representation became crucial.

Une importante enquête dresse le bilan de dix ans d'évolution dans ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

6 janv. 2012 ... s'il étudie, il n'aura pas à travailler à la journée… il pourra trouver un petit boulot ou travailler quelque part… il pourra lire et se renseigner lui-même… » « … s'il le faut, elle pourra trouver un emploi; une fille instruite ne dépend de personne… » « … il est essentiel d'être instruit pour gagner sa vie, pour ...

Il razzismo come strategia di difesa sociale. Michel Foucault e le forme attuali del biopotere

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Maura Simone

2010-01-01

Full Text Available Racism as a Social Defense Strategy. Michel Foucault and Current Forms of Biopower - During his lessons held at the College de France in 1976 Michel Foucault presents a genealogy of two types of narratives, concerning respectively war and race theory, considered in their historical development from the XVIth Century. Foucault’s work Il faut défendre la société outlines a specific model for the function of race theory, seen as a technique of normalization of diversity, and not longer as an “exceptional event” produced by the “totalitarian” narratives which arose in the XXth Century. This paper aims to stress the actuality of Foucault’s position, trying to show how the concept of bio-power, already at work in these lessons, deserves an active and productive role in the analysis of contemporary “democratic” societies, because of the structure of their internal cohesion, based on strategies developing “inclusion”/“exclusion” dynamics.

Dictionnaire d'analyse et de gestion des risques

CERN Document Server

Desroches, Alain

2005-01-01

Ce dictionnaire présente les principaux termes utilisés en analyse et gestion des risques, pour tous les secteurs d'activité industrielle ou de service. Il permet de clarifier des terminologies existantes présentant des variations plus ou moins importantes et parfois des contradictions de sens. Il propose : premièrement, la définition des auteurs, définition correspondant à l'usage le plus courant du terme , deuxièmement, les différences avec les terminologies existantes (essentiellement des normes) , troisièmement, des compléments à la définition, lorsque cela semble nécessaire et notamment lorsqu'il est important de préciser le contexte d'utilisation du terme , en dernier lieu, des exemples pratiques d'application, lorsque cela peut apporter un éclairage complémentaire pertinent.

Déterminants et conséquences de l'usage du narguilé (pipe à eau ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Cela est peut-être attribuable à la perception non fondée qu'il s'agit là d'une forme ... Ils se pencheront également sur les attitudes quant à l'usage du narguilé par les ... Determinants and Consequences of Smoking the Narghile : An Extended ...

Avant projet de programme du colloque UEMOA/CRDI

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Unicornis

nationaux. Il est pour cela nécessaire que les chercheurs soient particulièrement connectés sur les évolutions et les besoins de la société, qu'ils assument cette responsabilité sociale à nos yeux particulièrement importante pour les chercheurs ...

NUTRITION 91e Congrès de l’AOCS : l’essentiel du programme nutrition (San Diego, 25-28 avril 2000

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Mendy François

2000-09-01

Full Text Available La densité du programme de la Division Health and Nutrition rendait cette fois très difficile le suivi même partiel du programme des autres divisions. Après l’impressionnante entrée en lice des functionnal foods et des nutraceuticals en 1999, il semble que la Division Health and Nutrition ait choisi de traiter de façon approfondie des thèmes importants. Les trois thèmes choisis cette année étaient : * L’acide gamma-linolénique : 22 communications auxquelles il faut sûrement ajouter les 5 communications d’une matinée sur « lipides bioactifs et transduction des signaux ». * Acide gras mono-insaturés versus polyinsaturés dans la gestion du risque de maladies cardio-vasculaires : Que devons-nous choisir ? 6 communications seulement, mais importantes, susceptibles d’avoir un gros impact et témoignant d’un vrai malaise. Selon la remarque de M. Bieber : « si ceci continue, que nous restera-t-il à dire ? ». * Lipides et désordres psychiatrique : 7 communications sur le thème de l’influence des acides gras polyinsaturés en n-3. Enfin la Division Health and Nutrition présentait 18 communications sur le thème Nutrition and General Health, son thème habituel. Parmi celles-ci, il faut relever deux Honored Student Award Winner français : S. Bellenger-Germain de l’équipe de J.-P. Poisson à Dijon, dont nous parlerons, et B. Nay de Bordeaux-II. Ceci ne s’était jamais produit jusqu’ici surtout si l’on ajoute le Herbert J. Dutton Award décerné par la Division analytique à J.-L. Sebedio. À ces 53 communications, il faut ajouter 36 posters pour la Nutrition and Health Division, soit 89 présentations au total. Pour terminer ce tour d’horizon, il faut signaler deux conférences remarquables sur des thèmes majeurs en nutrition lipidique : * celle du Stephen S. Chang Award de B. Herslof : From drug delivery to functionnal food. A lipid story; * celle du Supelco/Nicholas Research Award de H. Sprecher : The

L’éthique narrative selon Paul Ricoeur : une passerelle entre l’éthique spinoziste et les éthiques du care

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Éric Delassus

2015-09-01

Full Text Available Selon Fabienne Brugère, un point de rencontre existe entre l’éthique spinoziste et les éthiques du care, le care pouvant être envisagé comme une réactualisation du conatus spinoziste. Cet article vise à démontrer que cette convergence peut s’établir à partir d’une éthique narrative inspirée de la pensée de Paul Ricoeur. Cela concerne principalement la perception que l’on peut avoir de soi en tant que corps et esprit, dans la mesure où l’esprit est défini par Baruch Spinoza comme « idée du corps ». L’éthique spinoziste invite à se rendre utile aux autres pour augmenter notre puissance d’être et nous libérer d’une servitude qui n’est pas sans rapport avec la vulnérabilité telle que définie dans les éthiques du care. L’humain.e vulnérable a besoin pour se sentir exister d’avoir une idée cohérente de son corps, et le récit est l’une des voies lui permettant de progresser dans cette direction. Encore faut-il, pour y parvenir, trouver des pourvoyeuses et pourvoyeurs de care disposé.e.s à écouter, aptes à susciter en soi le désir de se raconter.

Conflicting Discourses on Female Dissent in the Early Modern Period: The Case of Antoinette Bourignon (1616-1680

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Mirjam de Baar

2009-09-01

terme sur la perception historique autour de sa personne. La conséquence de tout cela fut que, jusqu'à une période avancée du vingtième siècle, Bourignon eut la réputation d'être une illuminée et une hystérique. Des termes qui négligent complètement son influence, car en la disqualifiant sur la base de son sexe ou de la structure de sa personnalité, la question de savoir pourquoi à l'époque un groupe de chrétiens appartenant à des sectes diverses fut prêt à reconnaître Bourignon comme un guide religieux, disparaît complètement à l'arrière-plan. Cette question a formé pour moi le point de départ de l'écriture d'une nouvelle biographie de Bourignon (« Ik moet spreken. » Het spiritueel leiderschap van Antoinette Bourignon [« Je dois parler ». Le leadership spirituel d'Antoinette Bourignon].Dans ma biographie de Bourignon, j'ai opté pour une approche contextuelle combinée à une analyse raisonnée de sa vie et de son œuvre. Chaque vie – et c’est également le cas de celle de Bourignon - est imbriquée dans la culture. Cela semble être une constatation évidente. C'est pourtant justement cette conviction qui fait défaut dans toutes les études antérieures consacrées à Bourignon. Celles-ci étaient basées à chaque fois sur l'aspect anormal, atypique ou particulier de son apparition. Bourignon peut bien avoir été unique, des contemporains l'ont cependant identifiée et reconnue comme l'instrument de Dieu qu'elle prétendait être. Il est donc possible de parler à cet égard d'une autodéfinition et d'une individuation réussies. Cela soulève la question de savoir comment une femme du dix-septième siècle comme Antoinette Bourignon, sans la moindre formation théologique formelle mais aussi sans dissimuler ou nier son sexe, a pu, dans le cadre d'action qui était à sa disposition, fonctionner comme un guide spirituel. La réponse à cette question se trouve en fait déjà chez Poiret, mais pour comprendre pourquoi la

Caféiculture : il faut veiller au grain | IDRC - International ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

31 janv. 2011 ... Dans les années 1960, les tentatives visant à éliminer le cercle vicieux de la pauvreté dans lequel les caféiculteurs se trouvaient piégés ont donné naissance au mouvement en faveur du commerce équitable. Aujourd'hui, quelque 800 000 producteurs de plus de 45 pays travaillent en fonction des normes ...

L'électronique pour les débutants qui sèchent les cours mais soudent sans se brûler les doigts

CERN Document Server

Mallard, Rémy

2012-01-01

Par où commencer pour débuter en électronique ? Vais-je m'égarer en explorant l'internet ? Il regorge de schémas, mais sont-ils fiables ? Me faut-il un livre avec des montages simples ou plutôt un livre sur les composants ? Après trente ans de pratique, l'auteur de ce livre, resté l'éternel débutant qui réalisait lui-même son premier montage dès l'âge de dix ans, partage ici sa soif toujours vive d'apprendre. Fin pédagogue, il guide les débutants et répond aux questions que trop de livres laissent en suspens : "Quel type de fer à souder acheter ?"... "Un multimètre à 5 € peut-il suffire ?"... "Un oscilloscope est-il indispensable ?"... "Peut-on installer son montage dans une boîte à cigares ?"... Rémy Mallard démystifie l'électronique en n'utilisant que ce qu'il vous faut de théorie pour aborder joyeusement la pratique sans risque de faire de grosses bêtises. Vous apprendrez à identifier les composants et leur rôle (résistances, condensateurs, bobines, diodes, transistors, rela...

L'art d'aimer la science

CERN Document Server

2001-01-01

Pourquoi un petit groupe d'hommes dans le monde s'agite-t-il avec tant de frénésie pour se livrer à la pratique de la science ? Pourquoi font-ils des expériences, bâtissent-ils des théories pour ordonner les faits ? Par quelle nécessité des hommes mettent-ils tant de passion, prennent-ils tant de plaisir à vouloir interroger ce qu'ils appellent la nature ? C'est cela que Pascal Nouvel voudrait comprendre.

Administration des subventions du CRDI aux institutions :

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

IDRC CRDI

Comment puis-je réviser le budget de mon projet ? Le CRDI couvre-t-il les dépenses engagées en sus du montant de la subvention ? De quelle façon le CRDI transmet-il les fonds ? Mon institution doit-elle déposer les fonds reçus pour le projet dans un compte bancaire distinct ? Combien de temps faut-il au CRDI pour ...

L'optimisation des ressources : risques et possibilités pour la ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

jmarcil

il y a modulation des risques. De nombreux bailleurs de fonds investissent de façon soutenue dans la recherche au service du développement, reconnaissant les risques inévitables que cela comporte. Ils estiment souvent que la meilleure manière d'aborder l'optimisation des ressources consacrées à la recherche est de ...

IL-22R Ligands IL-20, IL-22, and IL-24 Promote Wound Healing in Diabetic db/db Mice.

Science.gov (United States)

Kolumam, Ganesh; Wu, Xiumin; Lee, Wyne P; Hackney, Jason A; Zavala-Solorio, Jose; Gandham, Vineela; Danilenko, Dimitry M; Arora, Puneet; Wang, Xiaoting; Ouyang, Wenjun

2017-01-01

Diabetic foot ulcers (DFU) are one of the major complications in type II diabetes patients and can result in amputation and morbidity. Although multiple approaches are used clinically to help wound closure, many patients still lack adequate treatment. Here we show that IL-20 subfamily cytokines are upregulated during normal wound healing. While there is a redundant role for each individual cytokine in this subfamily in wound healing, mice deficient in IL-22R, the common receptor chain for IL-20, IL-22, and IL-24, display a significant delay in wound healing. Furthermore, IL-20, IL-22 and IL-24 are all able to promote wound healing in type II diabetic db/db mice. Mechanistically, when compared to other growth factors such as VEGF and PDGF that accelerate wound healing in this model, IL-22 uniquely induced genes involved in reepithelialization, tissue remodeling and innate host defense mechanisms from wounded skin. Interestingly, IL-22 treatment showed superior efficacy compared to PDGF or VEGF in an infectious diabetic wound model. Taken together, our data suggest that IL-20 subfamily cytokines, particularly IL-20, IL-22, and IL-24, might provide therapeutic benefit for patients with DFU.

Partenaires et initiatives | CRDI - Centre de recherches pour le ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Les frontières s'effacent lorsqu'il s'agit de problèmes tels que les changements climatiques, les maladies infectieuses, la pauvreté et l'instabilité. De nos jours, les difficultés auxquelles font face les pays en voie de développement nous touchent tous. Pour traiter ces problèmes, il faut une intervention internationale ...

Myths about vocabulary acquisition

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Mondria, J.A.

2007-01-01

Vrai ou faux? Voilà la question. «Les listes de vocabulaire sont inutiles, parce qu’il faut toujours apprendre des mots en contexte, de préférence en déduisant le sens des mots à partir du contexte. De cette façon-là, les chances de retenir les mots sont optimales. Heureusement, il n’est pas

Récit de guerre et éthique. Singularité, communauté et temporalité Adieu à tout cela de Robert Graves et La main coupée de Blaise Cendrars

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Anne MOUNIC

2011-06-01

Full Text Available Après avoir évoqué brièvement quelques récits de la Grande Guerre selon certaines lignes de partage – idéalisme de la mort et choix de la vie, extase et goût de l’existence quotidienne, On et Nous, individualisme et singulier – de façon à mettre en évidence des pensées divergentes, je me propose de comparer deux récits majeurs, œuvre d’engagés volontaires dans le conflit, Adieu à tout cela (1929 de Robert Graves (1895-1985 et La main coupée (1946 de Blaise Cendrars (1887-1961. Outre des différences qui tiennent bien évidemment à la singularité de chacun, on peut repérer entre ces deux auteurs des attitudes et préoccupations semblables. Tous deux, blessés, et Cendrars, mutilé de sa main droite, celle de l’écrivain, ont éprouvé cette expérience de guerre comme épreuve initiatique menant à l’affirmation de leur singularité au sein du Nous de la communauté. Tous deux ont fait du souvenir de leurs camarades morts leur tâche poétique. Tous deux ont reconnu la réalité de ce que Graves, jusqu’à la fin de sa vie, nomma « meurtre » – et Cendras écrivit « J’ai tué ».L’expérience de guerre a suscité chez ces deux poètes un refus du dualisme idéaliste (« Il n’y a pas d’absolu, » écrit Cendrars. « Il n’y a donc pas de vérité, sinon la vie absurde qui remue ses oreilles d’âne. », un rejet de l’exaltation de la virilité, marque de la période de l’entre-deux guerres, comme l’a montré G.L. Mosse, et une volonté de ne pas succomber, dans leurs écrits, à une esthétique de la guerre (ce que font, chacun à leur manière, pour ne citer qu’eux, Jünger et Céline. Graves avoue, à la fin de son ouvrage : « J’ai tenté plusieurs fois durant ces années de me débarrasser du poison des souvenirs de guerre en finissant mon roman, mais pour l’abandonner, pris de honte d’avoir déformé mon matériau avec une intrigue, et manquant pourtant d’assurance pour

La prise en charge à long terme de l’asthme chez les enfants inuits et des Premières nations : un outil de transfert du savoir fondé sur les lignes directrices canadiennes pour l’asthme pédiatrique, conçu pour être utilisé par les professionnels de la santé de première ligne qui travaillent dans des communautés isolées

Science.gov (United States)

Kovesi, Tom; Giles, Brenda Louise; Pasterkamp, Hans

L’asthme est un grave problème de santé pour les enfants inuits et des Premières nations. Chez les enfants de moins d’un an, il faut distinguer l’asthme de la bronchiolite virale, anormalement fréquente chez les enfants autochtones du Canada. Chez les enfants de moins de six ans, le diagnostic dépend de la présence de symptômes classiques, de l’absence de caractéristiques atypiques et de la consignation de la réponse au traitement, notamment la réponse rapide et transitoire aux bronchodilatateurs. Chez les enfants plus âgés, il faut, dans la mesure du possible, déterminer la présence d’une obstruction réversible des voies aériennes par spirométrie afin de confirmer le diagnostic, ainsi qu’évaluer et corriger les déclencheurs environnementaux. L’utilisation régulière de corticoïdes en aérosol est la principale mesure à prendre pour maintenir un bon contrôle de l’asthme chez les enfants asthmatiques. Les clients et leur famille devraient recevoir une formation sur l’asthme. Il faut réévaluer régulièrement le contrôle aux visites de suivi dans des centres de santé et rajuster le traitement à la dose la plus basse possible pour le maintien de ce contrôle.

Th-17 regulatory cytokines IL-21, IL-23, and IL-6 enhance neutrophil production of IL-17 cytokines during asthma.

Science.gov (United States)

Halwani, Rabih; Sultana, Asma; Vazquez-Tello, Alejandro; Jamhawi, Amer; Al-Masri, Abeer A; Al-Muhsen, Saleh

2017-11-01

In a subset of severe asthma patients, chronic airway inflammation is associated with infiltration of neutrophils, Th-17 cells and elevated expression of Th-17-derived cytokines (e.g., interleukin [IL]-17, IL-21, IL-22). Peripheral neutrophils from allergic asthmatics are known to express higher IL-17 cytokine levels than those from healthy subjects, but the regulatory mechanisms involved are not well understood. We hypothesize that Th-17 regulatory cytokines could modulate IL-17 expression in neutrophils. Peripheral blood neutrophils isolated from asthmatics were stimulated with IL-21, IL-23, and IL-6 cytokines and their ability to produce IL-17A and IL-17F was determined relative to healthy controls. Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) phosphorylation levels were measured in stimulated neutrophil using flow cytometry. The requirement for STAT3 phosphorylation was determined by blocking its activation using a specific chemical inhibitor. Stimulating asthmatic neutrophils with IL-21, 23, and 6 enhanced the production of IL-17A and IL-17F at significantly higher levels comparatively to healthy controls. Stimulating neutrophils with IL-21, IL-23, and IL-6 cytokines enhanced STAT3 phosphorylation, in all cases. Interestingly, inhibiting STAT3 phosphorylation using a specific chemical inhibitor dramatically blocked the ability of neutrophils to produce IL-17, demonstrating that STAT3 activation is the major factor mediating IL-17 gene expression. These findings suggest that neutrophil infiltration in lungs of severe asthmatics may represent an important source of pro-inflammatory IL-17A and -F cytokines, a production enhanced by Th-17 regulatory cytokines, and thus providing a feedback mechanism that sustains inflammation. Our results suggest that STAT3 pathway could be a potential target for regulating neutrophilic inflammation during severe asthma.

IL-6/IL-12 Cytokine Receptor Shuffling of Extra- and Intracellular Domains Reveals Canonical STAT Activation via Synthetic IL-35 and IL-39 Signaling.

Science.gov (United States)

Floss, D M; Schönberg, M; Franke, M; Horstmeier, F C; Engelowski, E; Schneider, A; Rosenfeldt, E M; Scheller, J

2017-11-09

IL-35 and IL-39 are recently discovered shared members of the IL-6- and IL-12-type cytokine family with immune-suppressive capacity. IL-35 has been reported to induce the formation of four different receptor complexes: gp130:IL-12β2, gp130:gp130, IL-12β2:IL-12β2, and IL-12β2:WSX-1. IL-39 was proposed to form a gp130:IL-23R receptor complex. IL-35, but not IL-39, has been reported to activate non-conventional STAT signaling, depending on the receptor complex and target cell. Analyses of IL-35 and IL-39 are, however, hampered by the lack of biologically active recombinant IL-35 and IL-39 proteins. Therefore, we engineered chimeric cytokine receptors to accomplish synthetic IL-35 and IL- 39 signaling by shuffling the extra- and intracellular domains of IL-6/IL-12-type cytokine receptors, resulting in biological activity for all previously described IL-35 receptor complexes. Moreover, we found that the proposed IL-39 receptor complex is biologically active and discovered two additional biologically active synthetic receptor combinations, gp130/IL-12Rβ1 and IL-23R/IL-12Rβ2. Surprisingly, synthetic IL-35 activation led to more canonical STAT signaling of all receptor complexes. In summary, our receptor shuffling approach highlights an interchangeable, modular domain structure among IL-6- and IL-12-type cytokine receptors and enabled synthetic IL-35 and IL-39 signaling.

Santé des mères et des enfants | CRDI - Centre de recherches pour ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Il faut aussi souligner que la plus importante cohorte de jeunes de l'histoire arrive à l'âge de procréer. Ces adolescents n'ont pas toujours l'information nécessaire ni la possibilité d'exercer leurs droits et d'accéder aux services dont ils ont besoin pour se protéger contre des situations dommageables et leurs conséquences.

Une souplesse au niveau des droits de propriété intellectuelle ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

27 avr. 2016 ... Leur étude a englobé les secteurs de la musique, de la maroquinerie, du design textile, du cacao, du café, des pièces d'automobile, de la médecine traditionnelle, de l'édition, des biocarburants et de la recherche universitaire. Conclusion : pour qu'il y ait innovation en Afrique, il faut trouver un équilibre ...

フランス語の部分冠詞について

OpenAIRE

内田, 茂

1981-01-01

On distingue tranditionnellement l'article defini, l'article indefini et l'article partitif. L'article partitif doit être envisage sous deux aspects differents, puisqu'il est forme par le de pertitif et l'article defini. Il semble que la complexite de cet article consite dans cette formation double. Il en est de même de l'article indefini pluriel des. Je pense donc qu'il faut remarquer la fonction de de dans l'article des et que l'article indefini pluriel doit être considere comme l'article p...

OGM Diffusion des OGM et impact pour les agriculteurs : quels sont les liens ?

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Lemarie Stéphane

2001-05-01

Full Text Available Les OGM actuellement sur le marché présentent des innovations sur des fonctions de protection des plantes. Selon les problèmes de protection des plantes, les gains des agriculteurs liés à l’adoption des OGM sont très variables. Cette hétérogénéité pose d’importants problèmes méthodologiques pour pouvoir estimer correctement la distribution des gains pour l’ensemble des agriculteurs. Une synthèse de plusieurs études américaines est réalisée ici et met bien en évidence la diversité des méthodes utilisées, chacune d’elles présentant ses avantages et ses limites. Globalement, si la diffusion des OGM est un fait indéniable, les études ne permettent pas de tirer des conclusions aussi nettes quant à l’impact des OGM pour tous les agriculteurs qui adoptent ces produits, et cela en particulier pour le soja. Cette absence de conclusion s’explique en grande partie par la difficulté à mesurer certains facteurs qui influencent le comportement d’adoption, comme par exemple la simplification de la conduite des cultures. En contrepartie, il faut noter que les études présentées ici ne prennent pas en compte un certain nombre d’effets indirects qui peuvent faire diminuer les gains des agriculteurs.

Allier théorie et pratique dans la lutte contre la pandémie du Sida

Science.gov (United States)

Zerbo, Roger

2014-01-01

Le premier cas d'infection par le VIH a été notifié en 1986 au Burkina Faso. L'ignorance qui entourait cette infection et l'absence de traitement curatif a amplifié ses conséquences sociales et économiques. La mise en œuvre des interventions communautaire est un enjeu majeur actuel qui recommande la compréhension des logiques sociales endogènes qui influencent les comportements individuels et collectifs. C'est en cela que l'implication des sciences sociales dans la lutte contre les maladies, en particulier le Sida constitue un enjeu, en termes de définition et d'identification de leur contribution. Dans notre propos, nous pouvons mettre en évidence trois niveaux de contribution des sciences sociales, notamment la sociologie, l'anthropologie, la psychologie et dans une certaine mesure le droit et l’économie, à la prévention du Sida et la prise en charge des personnes infectées par le VIH. Il faut noter que ces disciplines contribuent à la lutte contre le VIH d'une part, par des réflexions et des éléments d'analyses constructives, et d'autre part, l'aptitude des porteurs de ces disciplines est parfois sollicitée pour l'efficacité de la mise en œuvre des actions et l'organisation des systèmes de soins. PMID:25722761

Is the photovoltaic to be saved?; Faut-il sauver le Photovoltaique?

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Nifenecker, H.

2011-07-01

This paper first proposes a critical overview of the current financial support given to the photovoltaic energy. He notably criticizes the obligation for EDF to purchase the electricity so produced, and the obtained results in terms of renewable energy production, emission reduction, development of the photovoltaic industry sector, and development of decentralized energy productions. He proposes a better philosophy for the development of solar energy in Europe: to use solar in energy rather in Spain than in northern Europe, to use solar energy for heating rather than for electricity production in France, to develop storage practices, to encourage self-consumption

Nuclear raw materials; Matieres premieres nucleaires

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Cameron, J. [Division of Nuclear Power and Reactors, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna (Austria)

1970-01-15

It is clear that in the next decades there will be a substantial and increasing demand for uranium to fuel nuclear power stations. In a developing country, the discovery and development of uranium resources can be of importance either for the development of national nuclear power or for the commercial export of uranium. As the time taken between the start of a uranium exploration program and the uranium production stage.may be of the order of 6 - 10 years, it is now opportune to start new exploration so that advantage of the increased demand in the mid-1970s may be achieved. Thorium will also be of interest, but in the more distant future when the thorium cycle for advanced converters and breeder reactors is fully developed [French] Il est certain qu' au cours des prochaines décennies la demande d'uranium pour les centrales nucléaires sera importante et ne cessera de croître. Dans un pays en voie de développement, la découverte et la mise en valeur de ressources d'uranium peut avoir une grande importance, soit en vue de produire de l'énergie nucléoélectrique, soit en vue d'exporter l'uranium. Etant donné que les délais entre le démarrage d'un programme de prospection de l'uranium et le début de la production peuvent être de l'ordre de six ans, il est actuellement opportun de commencer les opérations d'exploration pour pouvoir profiter de la demande accrue qui s' affirmera vers le milieu de la prochaine décennie. Le thorium présentera aussi un certain intérêt, mais à plus long terme. Il faut pour cela que le cycle du thorium pour convertisseurs avancés et surgénérateurs ait été pleinement développé. (author)

IL-6 enhances plasma IL-1ra, IL-10, and cortisol in humans

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Steensberg, Adam; Fischer, Christian Philip; Keller, Charlotte

2003-01-01

compared with saline infusion. In addition, C-reactive protein increased 3 h post-rhIL-6 infusion and was further elevated 16 h later compared with saline infusion. rhIL-6 induced increased levels of plasma cortisol and, consequently, an increase in circulating neutrophils and a decrease in the lymphocyte......-alpha, enhances the levels not only of IL-1ra but also of IL-10. Furthermore, IL-6 induces an increase in cortisol and, consequently, in neutrocytosis and late lymphopenia to the same magnitude and with the same kinetics as during exercise, suggesting that muscle-derived IL-6 has a central role in exercise...

Internalization of interleukin 1 (IL 1) correlates with IL 1-induced IL 2 receptor expression and IL 2 secretion of EL4 thymoma cells

OpenAIRE

Von Hoegen, I.; Falk, Werner; Kojouharoff, G.; Krammer, P. H.

1989-01-01

The cytokine interleukin 1 (IL 1) plays an important role in the induction of IL 2 secretion and high-affinity IL 2 receptor (IL 2R) expression by T cells. The events that follow binding of IL 1 to IL 1R, however, are still unknown. In this study we describe two variants of the murine thymoma EL4 (5D3 and D6/76) that express comparable numbers of cell surface IL 1 receptors and bind IL 1 with the same affinity, but show distinct IL 1-dependent IL 2 secretion and IL 2R expression. In the prese...

“Cápsulas del tiempo”: a epistolografia amorosa de Paul Auster e Camilo José Cela na composição de memórias e biografias = “Time capsules”: the love epistolography of Paul Auster and Camilo José Cela in the memoir and biography’s composition

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jacoby, Sissa

2014-01-01

Full Text Available Este artigo aborda as contribuições das cartas de amor escritas na juventude por Camilo José Cela e Paul Auster para a composição de um perfil auto/biográfico do primeiro e das memórias de infância e juventude do segundo. O que interessa nesses conjuntos epistolográficos tão particulares é verificar o que aportam, desde o ponto de vista da recuperação de registros de uma fase da existência – verdadeiras “cápsulas del tiempo”, como os chama Auster –, para os estudos literários, seja a elaboração do texto memorialístico, seja a relativização da imagem no texto auto/biográfico

En quoi est-ce que cela aidera Veronica ? | CRDI - Centre de ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Uganda Post and Telecoms Ltd (UPTL), société d'État. C'est à peu près à ce moment qu'il a accepté le poste de directeur exécutif de la Commission des communications de l'Ouganda (UCC), premier organe indépendant de ...

Clinical significance of determination of changes of serum IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 and IL-18 levels after treatment in patients with chronic renal diseases

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Liu Congjiang; Li Fen; Zhang Lei; Liu Jianhua

2008-01-01

Objective: To explore the changes of serum IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 and IL-18 levels after treatment in patients with chronic renal diseases. Methods: Serum IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 levels were determined with RIA and IL-18 levels with ELISA in 32 patients with chronic renal diseases both before and after treatment as well as in 35 controls. Results: Before treatment the serum IL -6, IL-8, IL-10 and IL-18 levels were significantly higher in the patients than those in controls (P<0.01). After 6 months of treatment, the levels though dropped markedly remained significantly higher (P<0.05). Conclusion: Levels of serum IL-6, IL- 8, IL-10 and IL-18 increased significantly in patients with chronic renal diseases, especially in those advanced cases. (authors)

AFRIpads : la serviette anti-décrochage | CRDI - Centre de ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

En Afrique, une adolescente sur dix s'absente de l'école ou abandonne ses études en raison des menstruations. Des chercheuses canadiennes ont découvert que des serviettes hygiéniques réutilisables sont pourtant tout ce qu'il leur faut.

Case report

African Journals Online (AJOL)

abp

10 oct. 2017 ... 1. Spondylarthrite ankylosante et maladie de Still: un lien ... old patient followed up for ankylosing spondylitis presenting with fever which had lasted for a .... fièvre au long cours se présente, il faut penser à l'association avec.

IFN-γ, IL-4 and IL-13 modulate responsiveness of human airway smooth muscle cells to IL-13

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Michoud Marie-Claire

2008-12-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background IL-13 is a critical mediator of allergic asthma and associated airway hyperresponsiveness. IL-13 acts through a receptor complex comprised of IL-13Rα1 and IL-4Rα subunits with subsequent activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 (STAT6. The IL-13Rα2 receptor may act as a decoy receptor. In human airway smooth muscle (HASM cells, IL-13 enhances cellular proliferation, calcium responses to agonists and induces eotaxin production. We investigated the effects of pre-treatment with IL-4, IL-13 and IFN-γ on the responses of HASM cells to IL-13. Methods Cultured HASM were examined for expression of IL-13 receptor subunits using polymerase chain reaction, immunofluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry. Effects of cytokine pre-treatment on IL-13-induced cell responses were assessed by looking at STAT6 phosphorylation using Western blot, eotaxin secretion and calcium responses to histamine. Results IL-13Rα1, IL-4Rα and IL-13Rα2 subunits were expressed on HASM cells. IL-13 induced phosphorylation of STAT6 which reached a maximum by 30 minutes. Pre-treatment with IL-4, IL-13 and, to a lesser degree, IFN-γ reduced peak STAT6 phosphorylation in response to IL-13. IL-13, but not IFN-γ, pre-treatment abrogated IL-13-induced eotaxin secretion. Pre-treatment with IL-4 or IL-13 abrogated IL-13-induced augmentation of the calcium transient evoked by histamine. Cytokine pre-treatment did not affect expression of IL-13Rα1 and IL-4Rα but increased expression of IL-13Rα2. An anti-IL-13Rα2 neutralizing antibody did not prevent the cytokine pre-treatment effects on STAT6 phosphorylation. Cytokine pre-treatment increased SOCS-1, but not SOCS-3, mRNA expression which was not associated with significant increases in protein expression. Conclusion Pre-treatment with IL-4 and IL-13, but not IFN-γ, induced desensitization of the HASM cells to IL-13 as measured by eotaxin secretion and calcium transients to histamine

IL-33 Enhanced the Proliferation and Constitutive Production of IL-13 and IL-5 by Fibrocytes

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Hisako Hayashi

2014-01-01

Full Text Available Interleukin-33 appears to play important roles in the induction of allergic airway inflammation. However, whether IL-33 is involved in airway remodeling remains unclear. Because fibrocytes contribute to tissue remodeling in the setting of chronic inflammation, we examined the effects of IL-33 on fibrocyte functions. Fibrocytes were generated in vitro from peripheral blood mononuclear cells by culturing in the presence of platelet derived growth factors and the cells were stimulated with IL-33. IL-33 enhanced cell proliferation, α-SMA expression, and pro-MMP-9 activity by the fibrocytes without increasing endogenous transforming growth factor-β1 production. Fibrocytes constitutively expressed IL-13 and IL-5, and their production was augmented by stimulation with IL-33. Dexamethasone inhibited the functions of fibrocytes, but IL-33 made fibrocytes slightly refractory to the inhibitory effect of dexamethasone in terms of IL-13 production. Montelukast suppressed IL-13 production by nonstimulated fibrocytes but not those stimulated by IL-33. These findings suggest that IL-33 is involved in the airway remodeling process through its modulation of fibrocyte function independent of antigen stimulation. IL-33 might partially reduce the therapeutic effects of glucocorticoid and cysteinyl leukotriene receptor antagonist on fibrocyte-mediated Th2 responses.

L’autonomie des villes : quelles conditions et modalités de réalisation ?

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Marc Dumont

2008-02-01

Full Text Available Ce recueil de neuf contributions issues d’un séminaire de recherche se propose d’apporter un éclairage sur les enjeux locaux d’espaces urbains en voie de mondialisation, au regard, donc, des transformations plus générales des systèmes productifs dans lesquelles ils s’inscrivent ou qu’ils subissent. Au premier abord, trois aspects contribueraient, il faut le reconnaître, à rendre l’ensemble un peu décevant. Le titre, de son côté, ne laissait pas penser qu’il n’y serait ...

IL-1 and IL-23 mediate early IL-17A production in pulmonary inflammation leading to late fibrosis.

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Paméla Gasse

Full Text Available BACKGROUND: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is a devastating as yet untreatable disease. We demonstrated recently the predominant role of the NLRP3 inflammasome activation and IL-1β expression in the establishment of pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis in mice. METHODS: The contribution of IL-23 or IL-17 in pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis was assessed using the bleomycin model in deficient mice. RESULTS: We show that bleomycin or IL-1β-induced lung injury leads to increased expression of early IL-23p19, and IL-17A or IL-17F expression. Early IL-23p19 and IL-17A, but not IL-17F, and IL-17RA signaling are required for inflammatory response to BLM as shown with gene deficient mice or mice treated with neutralizing antibodies. Using FACS analysis, we show a very early IL-17A and IL-17F expression by RORγt(+ γδ T cells and to a lesser extent by CD4αβ(+ T cells, but not by iNKT cells, 24 hrs after BLM administration. Moreover, IL-23p19 and IL-17A expressions or IL-17RA signaling are necessary to pulmonary TGF-β1 production, collagen deposition and evolution to fibrosis. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings demonstrate the existence of an early IL-1β-IL-23-IL-17A axis leading to pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis and identify innate IL-23 and IL-17A as interesting drug targets for IL-1β driven lung pathology.

Quantitative Contribution of IL2Rγ to the Dynamic Formation of IL2-IL2R Complexes.

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Luis F Ponce

Full Text Available Interleukin-2 (IL2 is a growth factor for several immune cells and its function depends on its binding to IL2Rs in the cell membrane. The most accepted model for the assembling of IL2-IL2R complexes in the cell membrane is the Affinity Conversion Model (ACM. This model postulates that IL2R receptor association is sequential and dependent on ligand binding. Most likely free IL2 binds first to IL2Rα, and then this complex binds to IL2Rβ, and finally to IL2Rγ (γc. However, in previous mathematical models representing this process, the binding of γc has not been taken into account. In this work, the quantitative contribution of the number of IL2Rγ chain to the IL2-IL2R apparent binding affinity and signaling is studied. A mathematical model of the affinity conversion process including the γ chain in the dynamic, has been formulated. The model was calibrated by fitting it to experimental data, specifically, Scatchard plots obtained using human cell lines. This paper demonstrates how the model correctly explains available experimental observations. It was estimated, for the first time, the value of the kinetic coefficients of IL2-IL2R complexes interaction in the cell membrane. Moreover, the number of IL2R components in different cell lines was also estimated. It was obtained a variable distribution in the number of IL2R components depending on the cell type and the activation state. Of most significance, the study predicts that not only the number of IL2Rα and IL2Rβ, but also the number of γc determine the capacity of the cell to capture and retain IL2 in signalling complexes. Moreover, it is also showed that different cells might use different pathways to bind IL2 as consequence of its IL2R components distribution in the membrane.

La meilleure politique : une recherche en télécommunication dans ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

2 févr. 2011 ... ... et les grands-parents parlent à leurs enfants et petits-enfants qui vivent à des ... dans le village où il a grandi, et cela rendait la communication difficile. .... innovative research on improving maternal and child health in Africa.

The changes of IL-8, IL-10, IL-12 and IgE in serum of patients with asthma

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zhang Chao; Liu Deyi; Hou Guihua; Wang Haodan

2002-01-01

To evaluate the relationship and the clinical significance between the serum IL-8, IL-10, IL-12 and IgE in patients with asthma, the serum IL-8, IL-10 are measured by radioimmunoassay method and the serum IL-12, IgE by ELISA in 55 patients with asthma. The level of serum IL-8, IgE at stage of episode are significantly higher than that at stage of remission (P<0.01); the level of serum IL-10, IL-12 at stage of episode are significantly lower than that at stage of remission (P<0.01). Linear regression shows that the decrease of IL-12 relate to the increase of IgE. The results suggests that the change of the level of serum IL-8, IL-10, IL-12 and IgE could be a maker for the aggravation of asthma

Cytokines (interleukin-9, IL-17, IL-22, IL-25 and IL-33 and asthma

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Rahim Farahani

2014-01-01

Full Text Available Asthma is a reversible airway obstruction that is characterized by constriction of airway smooth muscle, hyper secretion of mucus, edema and airway hyper responsiveness (AHR, mucus secretion and thickening of the basement membrane underlying the airway epithelium. During the process of airway inflammation, complex interactions of innate and adaptive immune cells as well as structural cells and their cytokines have many important roles. It was believed that airway inflammation is orchestrated by allergen specific T helper (Th 2 cells, which recruit and accumulate in the lungs and produce a range of different effector cytokines. However, more recent studies have revealed the potential collaboration of other helper T cells and their cytokines in this process. Th17 cell may have a role in severe asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD. Interleukin (IL-9-producing subset called Th9 cell, Th22 cells which primarily secrete IL-22, IL-13 and tumor necrosis factor-α and Th25 cells via producing IL-25 are believed to be important for initiating allergic reactions and developing airway inflammation. Cytokines are important in asthma and play a critical role in orchestrating the allergic inflammatory response, although the precise role of each cytokine remains to be determined. The aim of this review is to summarize the current knowledge about the possible roles of newly identified helper T cells derived cytokines (IL-9, 17, 22, 25 and IL-33 in asthma. The potential therapeutic applications emerging from the roles of these cytokines will be discussed as well.

The dichotomous pattern of IL-12r and IL-23R expression elucidates the role of IL-12 and IL-23 in inflammation.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Gaëlle Chognard

Full Text Available IL-12 and IL-23 cytokines respectively drive Th1 and Th17 type responses. Yet, little is known regarding the biology of these receptors. As the IL-12 and IL-23 receptors share a common subunit, it has been assumed that these receptors are co-expressed. Surprisingly, we find that the expression of each of these receptors is restricted to specific cell types, in both mouse and human. Indeed, although IL-12Rβ2 is expressed by NK cells and a subset of γδ T cells, the expression of IL-23R is restricted to specific T cell subsets, a small number of B cells and innate lymphoid cells. By exploiting an IL-12- and IL-23-dependent mouse model of innate inflammation, we demonstrate an intricate interplay between IL-12Rβ2 NK cells and IL-23R innate lymphoid cells with respectively dominant roles in the regulation of systemic versus local inflammatory responses. Together, these findings support an unforeseen lineage-specific dichotomy in the in vivo role of both the IL-12 and IL-23 pathways in pathological inflammatory states, which may allow more accurate dissection of the roles of these receptors in chronic inflammatory diseases in humans.

Subvention de dotation et de soutien aux programmes destinée au ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Il a élaboré une stratégie ambitieuse pour ses travaux futurs, à la lumière d'une évaluation externe appuyée par le CRDI (projet no 101996). Cette stratégie vise à étendre et à approfondir la portée des activités de recherche et de communication du Forum. Toutefois, pour la mettre en oeuvre, il lui faut raffermir son assise ...

Role of periostin, FENO, IL-13, lebrikzumab, other IL-13 antagonist and dual IL-4/IL-13 antagonist in asthma.

Science.gov (United States)

Agrawal, Swati; Townley, Robert G

2014-02-01

Asthma markedly diminishes quality of life due to limited activity, absences from work or school and hospitalizations. Patients with severe asthma which are not controlled despite taking effective therapy are most in need of new treatment approaches. IL-13 was demonstrated as 'central mediator of allergic asthma'. IL-13 has been implicated in the pathogenesis of asthma, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and COPD. IL-13 levels in the sputum and bronchial biopsy samples remain elevated in severe asthma despite the use of inhaled and systemic corticosteroids. Thus, IL-13 is a mediator involved in corticosteroid resistance. Periostin enhances profibrotic TGF-β signaling in subepithelial fibrosis associated with asthma. IL-13 induces bronchial epithelial cells to secrete periostin. Periostin may be a biomarker for Th2 induced airway inflammation. Lebrikizumab is a monoclonal antibody against IL-13. Lebrikizumab improved lung function in asthmatics who were symptomatic despite treatment with long acting beta agonist and inhaled corticosteroids and provided benefit in the treatment of severe uncontrolled asthma. Lebrikizumab block IL-13 signaling through the IL-13Rα1/IL-4Rα receptor. There was a larger reduction in FENO in the high periostin subgroup than in the low periostin subgroup (34.4 vs 4.3%). Serum CCL17, CCL13 and total IgE levels decreased in the lebrikizumab group.

Premier isolement de Stephanoascus ciferrii dans des infections ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Il faut garder à l'esprit que des pathogènes inhabituels peuvent causer ces infections vaginales. Mots clés : Stephanoascus ciferrii, Vitek 2, candidose vaginale. ABSTRACT. Introduction: Fungal infections know an extraordinary expansion with therapeutic progress and apparition of immunodepressive diseases such as HIV.

Case report

African Journals Online (AJOL)

abp

10 déc. 2015 ... Les ruptures traumatiques du tendon quadricipital: à propos de 3 cas. Youssef Benyass1,& .... environ 1 à 2 cm au dessus du bord supérieur de la rotule. La vascularisation des ... Devant ce tableau clinique, il faut penser à ce ...

Prom week meets Skyrim: Developing a social agent architecture in a commercial game

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Guimarães, Manuel; Santos, Pedro A.; Jhala, Arnav

2018-01-01

We present and describe CIF-CK — a social agent architecture that models reasoning about persistent social interactions to improve narrative engagement and play experience for human interactors. The architecture is inspired by McCoy et al’s Comme il-Faut (CiF) architecture that represents rich

CiF-CK: An Architecture for Social NPCs in Commercial Games

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Guimaraes, Manuel; Santos, Pedro A.; Jhala, Arnav

2018-01-01

We present and describe CiF-CK — a social agent architecture that models reasoning about persistent social interactions to improve narrative engagement and play experience for human interactors. The architecture is inspired by McCoy et al’s Comme il-Faut (CiF) architecture that represented

15 ISOLA Dauphin-Tinurier WEB 03.pmd

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Owner

de la performance de littérature orale, sous ... l'exposition, il faut rappeler que le mode d'organisation des sociétés africaines se construit sur des modalités ... visiteur dans un cheminement à travers différents types de paroles, des plus.

IL-5 and IL-5 receptor in asthma

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

ATC Kotsimbos

1997-12-01

Full Text Available Eosinophils, along with mast cells are key cells involved in the innate immune response against parasitic infection whereas the adaptive immune response is largely dependent on lymphocytes. In chronic parasitic disease and in chronic allergic disease, IL-5 is predominantly a T cell derived cytokine which is particularly important for the terminal differentiation, activation and survival of committed eosinophil precursors. The human IL-5 gene is located on chromosome 5 in a gene cluster that contains the evolutionary related IL-4 family of cytokine genes. The human IL-5 receptor complex is a heterodimer consisting of a unique a subunit (predominantly expressed on eosinophils and a beta subunit which is shared between the receptors for IL-3 & GM-CSF (more widely expressed. The a subunit is required for ligand-specific binding whereas association with the beta subunit results in increased binding affinity. The alternative splicing of the alphaIL-5R gene which contains 14 exons can yield several alphaIL-5R isoforms including a membrane-anchored isoform (alphaIL-5Rm and a soluble isoform (alphaIL-5Rs. Cytokines such as IL-5 produce specific and non-specific cellular responses through specific cell membrane receptor mediated activation of intracellular signal transduction pathways which, to a large part, regulate gene expression. The major intracellular signal transduction mechanism is activation of non-receptor associated tyrosine kinases including JAK and MAP kinases which can then transduce signals via a novel family of transcriptional factors named signal transducers and activators of transcription (STATS. JAK2, STAT1 and STAT 5 appear to be particularly important in IL-5 mediated eosinophil responses. Asthma is characterized by episodic airways obstruction, increased bronchial responsiveness, and airway inflammation. Several studies have shown an association between the number of activated T cells and eosinophils in the airways and abnormalities

Gordon Houlden | CRDI - Centre de recherches pour le ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

... dernier poste qu'il y a occupé étant celui de directeur général, Direction générale de l'Asie orientale. Avant cela, il avait été ministre à l'ambassade du Canada à Beijing, puis directeur général du Bureau commercial du Canada à Taipei, après avoir occupé divers postes de haut rang à Hong Kong, Varsovie et La Havane.

Allergic Rhinitis and Its Relationship with IL-10, IL-17, TGF-β, IFN-γ, IL 22, and IL-35

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P. Bayrak Degirmenci

2018-01-01

Full Text Available Background. We aimed in our study to research the role of new cytokines such as IL-35, IL-22, and IL-17 that may form a target for novel treatment approaches. Methods. IL-10, IL-17, TGF-β, IFN-γ, IL-22, and IL-35 serum levels of allergic rhinitis (AR patients were measured using ELISA method. Allergic sensitization was demonstrated by the skin prick test. Patients only with olive tree sensitivity were evaluated for seasonal AR (SAR. Patients only with mite sensitivity were included in the study for perennial AR (PAR. AR clinic severity was demonstrated by the nasal symptom scores (NSS. Results. In total, 65 AR patients (patient group, having 31 PAR and 34 SAR patients, and 31 healthy individuals (control group participated in the study. Cytokine levels between the patient group and the control group were compared; IL-17 (p=0.038, IL-22 (p=0.001, and TGF-β (p=0.031 were detected as high in the patient group, and IFN-γ (p<0.001 was detected as low in the patient group. When correlation analysis was made between age, gender, prick test result, NSS, AR duration, and cytokine levels in the patient group, a negative correlation was detected only between IFN-γ (p=0.032/r=−0.266 level and NSS. Conclusions. Accompanied by the literature information, these results made us think that T cell subgroups and cytokines have an important role in AR immunopathogenesis. It is thought that future studies to be conducted relating to this subject will form new targets in treatment.

La rentabilité des immeubles "verts"

OpenAIRE

Thalmann, Philippe

2016-01-01

Les immeubles verts ont un faible impact environnemental tout en offrant aussi de bonnes conditions sociales, voire des gains environnementaux (qualité de l'air, biodiversité). Ils sont donc exemplaires dans divers domaines: énergie, utilisation du sol, biodiversité, matériaux. Est-ce que cela implique forcément un sur-coût? Est-il possible de rentabiliser ce sur-coût ou le développer doit-il se contenter des retombées favorables pour l'environnement et la société?

Agriculture urbaine en Afrique de l'Ouest / Urban Agriculture in West ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Stratégies politiques pour l'agriculture urbaine, rôle et responsabilité des ... Cet atelier fut l'occasion de mettre en œuvre une stratégie pour développer le ...... il faut signaler simplement un recrutement dans la tranche des plus de 55 ans.

Les agriculteurs se prononcent devant le « monde de l'eau » | IDRC ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

26 janv. 2011 ... Certains disent que la dilution est la solution de la pollution, a‑t‑il fait remarquer. Qu'en pensez‑vous ? » ... Ce n'est pas ma faute si l'eau est sale. » Ces propos ... Clean water initiative in Peru led by former IDRC awardee.

Améliorer la sécurité alimentaire en Amérique latine et dans les ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

insécurité alimentaire touche, estime-t-on, 850 millions de personnes dans le monde. Tout porte à croire qu'il faut absolument réduire les inégalités entre les sexes et donner davantage de moyens d'agir aux femmes si l'on ...

Résultats de recherche | Page 35 | CRDI - Centre de recherches ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

L'éclosion du virus Zika montre qu'il faut pouvoir élaborer, analyser et diffuser rapidement et à faible coût des diagnostics à l'intention des régions exposées à cette menace pandémique. Projet. Évaluation de la dynamique de la transmission du Zika et des stratégies d'atténuation. Depuis qu'il a été détecté au Brésil en mai ...

Foire aux questions Documents mentionnés dans la liste de ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

IDRC CRDI

12) Pourquoi n'ai-je pas besoin de fournir mon curriculum vitae ? 13) Faut-il que je fournisse des lettres de référence ? 14) Où dois-je envoyer tous les documents ? 15) Qu'arrive-t-il si je n'ai pas téléversé tous les documents et si toutes les références n'ont pas été fournies avant la date butoir ? Proposition de recherche.

Il nucleo terrestre: il cuore magnetico della Terra

OpenAIRE

De Santis, A.

2006-01-01

Il campo magnetico terrestre è una proprietà intrinseca del nostro pianeta e di altri oggetti del sistema solare. Il Sole stesso possiede un forte campo magnetico che si inverte quasi ciclicamente ogni 10-11 anni; tale comportamento è visibile attraverso la medesima ciclicità delle macchie solari che denotano sulla superficie l’intensa attività magnetica della nostra stella. Il campo magnetico terrestre è importantissimo per la vita sulla Terra. Esso protegge il pianeta dalle p...

Les femmes, un effectif sur qui il faut compter | CRDI - Centre de ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

30 juil. 2015 ... L'emploi peut transformer la vie d'une personne et une société tout entière. ... leur revenu potentiel et améliorer la distribution des ressources dans les familles. ... où les salaires sont faibles et les protections sociales minimes.

Must we moderate the climatic change?; Faut-il moderer le changement climatique?

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

MInh, Ha Duong

2003-07-01

This text begins by recalling the issue of climate change: why it is a major social issue and how does the governments address it? The following section is devoted to the economic analysis of this governmental action, around the Kyoto protocol. It deals with the problems of discounting, of inertia in energy systems and of technical change. Finally, the conclusion is focused on the fundamental characteristic of climate policy analysis, i.e. uncertainty. The thesis underlying this article is that irreversibility is an argument for a precautionary action, that is to say that a significant reduction of anthropic carbon dioxide emissions should not be postponed. (author)

Caféiculture : il faut veiller au grain | CRDI - Centre de recherches ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

31 janv. 2011 ... Selon l'Organisation internationale du café (OIC), l'organisme ... On a proposé, notamment, une définition claire et reconnue à l'échelle internationale de la pérennité, un dispositif de ... Caféiculteurs : le droit à un revenu juste.

Crazy climate: should we believe it?; Climat fou: faut-il y croire?

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Krauss, K.; Lee Myers, St.; Revkin, A.C.; Romero, S.; Rodeaud, M.A

2006-02-15

Is the Earth's warming up true? Despite any clear answer about it, some countries are investing lot of money to take advantage of the unfreezing of the Arctic ocean. Russians, Canadians and Americans are drawing new maritime routes to have access to new petroleum resources. However, the data about climate change, its causes and remedies are still the object of debates among scientists. This digest article analyzes the reality of the global warming through the true ideas (increase of greenhouse gases concentration and of the surface global temperature, reduction of the snow cover), and the false ideas (melting of ice caps, reliability of climate forecasts and models) generally put forward in the media, and the woolly ones that need to be analyzed more thoroughly (expansion of deserts surface, enhancement of extreme phenomena, changes in oceanic circulation..). An interview of M. Crichton about his last novel 'State of Fear' completes this analysis. (J.S.)

Au-delà de l’espace et du temps

CERN Multimedia

CERN. Geneva

2006-01-01

Dans quel monde vivons-nous ? Pourquoi est-il tel qu'il est ? L'espace est-il fini ou infini ? La matière est-elle réellement faite de particules ? Y a-t-il une physique capable de décrire ce monde ? Toutes ces interrogations se mêlent et se rejoignent. Comment s’opposent les concepts de l’infiniment grand et de l’infiniment petit : physique quantique et relativité se révèlent incompatibles ? Faut-il inventer de nouvelles géométries, extraordinaires, pour tenter de décrire ce qui, dans l’Univers, nous échappe encore : vivons-nous dans un monde à 10 dimensions ?

IL-17A, IL-17RC polymorphisms and IL17 plasma levels in Tunisian patients with rheumatoid arthritis

Science.gov (United States)

Chahbi, Mayssa; Haouami, Youssra; Sfar, Imen; Abdelmoula, Leila; Ben Abdallah, Taieb; Gorgi, Yousr

2018-01-01

Background Interleukin-17 (IL-17), a cytokine mainly secreted by Th17 cells, seems to play a significant role in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Functional genetic polymorphisms in IL-17 and its receptor genes can influence either qualitatively or quantitatively their functions. Therefore, we aimed to study the impact of IL17-A and IL17RC polymorphisms on plasma level of IL-17 and RA susceptibility and severity. Methods In this context, IL-17A*rs2275913 and IL-17RC*rs708567 polymorphisms were investigated together with the quantification of IL17 plasma level in 115 RA patients and 91 healthy control subjects matched in age, sex and ethnic origin. Results There were no statistically significant associations between IL-17A and IL-17RC studied polymorphisms and RA susceptibility. In contrast, IL-17A plasma levels were significantly higher in patients (55.07 pg/ml) comparatively to controls (4.75 pg/ml), p<10E-12. A ROC curve was used to evaluate the performance of plasma IL-17 in detecting RA. Given 100% specificity, the highest sensitivity of plasma IL-17A was 61.7% at a cut-off value of 18.25 pg/ml; p < 10E-21, CI = [0.849–0.939]. Analytic results showed that the IgM-rheumatoid factor and anti-CCP antibodies were significantly less frequent in patients with the IL-17RC*A/A genotype than those carrying *G/G and *G/A genotypes; p = 0.013 and p = 0.015, respectively. Otherwise, IL-17 plasma levels’ analysis showed a significant association with the activity of RA (DAS28≥5.1 = 74.71 pg/ml vs. DAS28<5.1 = 11.96 pg/ml), p<10E-6. Conclusion IL-17A*rs2275913 (G/A) and IL-17RC*rs708567 (G/A) polymorphisms did not seem to influence RA susceptibility in Tunisian population. This result agrees with those reported previously. Plasma IL-17A level seems to be predictive of severe RA occurrence. PMID:29584788

Genetic polymorphism of interleukin-1A (IL-1A), IL-1B, and IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RN) and prostate cancer risk.

Science.gov (United States)

Xu, Hua; Ding, Qiang; Jiang, Hao-Wen

2014-01-01

We aimed to investigate the associations between polymorphisms of interleukin-1A (IL-1A), IL-1B, and IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RN) and prostate cancer (PCa) risk. A comprehensive search for articles of MEDLINE and EMBASE databases and bibliographies of retrieved articles published up to August 3, 2014 was performed. Methodological quality assessment of the trials was based on a standard quality scoring system. The meta-analysis was performed using STATA 12.0. We included 9 studies (1 study for IL-1A, 5 studies for IL-1B, and 3 studies for IL-1RN), and significant association was found between polymorphisms of IL-1B-511 (rs16944) as well as IL-1B-31 (rs1143627) and PCa risk. IL-1B-511 (rs16944) polymorphism was significantly associated with PCa risk in homozygote and recessive models, as well as allele contrast (TT vs CC: OR, 0.74; 95%CI, 0.58-0.94; P=0.012; TT vs TC+CC; OR, 0.79; 95%CI, 0.63-0.98; P=0.033; T vs C: OR, 0.86; 95%CI, 0.77-0.96; P=0.008). The association between IL-1B-31 (rs1143627) polymorphism and PCa risk was weakly significant under a heterozygote model (OR, 1.35; 95%CI, 1.00-1.80; P=0.047). Sequence variants in IL-1B-511 (rs16944) and IL-1B-31 (rs1143627) are significantly associated with PCa risk, which provides additional novel evidence that proinflammatory cytokines and inflammation play an important role in the etiology of PCa.

SELECTION : Les variétés hybrides sont-elles justifiées ?

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Gallais André

2000-01-01

Full Text Available Jean-Pierre Berlan, en 1999, a critiqué le choix de la voie hybride chez le maïs [1]. Cependant, il ne dit pas ce qu’il aurait fallu faire comme type de variétés pour avoir le même progrès économique dans la culture du maïs. Chez cette espèce, le clonage étant exclu, si ce n’est pas la voie lignée, c’est la voie population. Nous allons donc comparer ces deux voies à la voie hybride. Pour cela, nous allons d’abord nous placer dans le cas où les effets des gènes sont tels qu’ils permettent, en théorie, d’obtenir des lignées aussi bonnes que les hybrides, c’est-à-dire qu’il n’y a pas d’avantage de l’état hétérozygote à un locus (encadré 1. Il est en effet évident que s’il y a des mécanismes génétiques qui font que l’état hétérozygote à un locus est meilleur que l’état homozygote (on dit qu’il y a superdominance, alors il faudra développer des hybrides. Nous montrerons que, même en dehors de cette situation, la voie hybride est la seule qui puisse apporter le maximum de rendement et de marge brute à l’hectare, et cela pendant un temps assez long (plus d’un siècle. Nous considérerons le cas de superdominance, ou de situations apparentées, dans une seconde étape.

Cord Blood Cells Responses to IL2, IL7 and IL15 Cytokines for mTOR Expression

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Anahita Mohammadian

2017-04-01

Full Text Available Purpose: Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTORis important in hematopoiesis and affect cell growth,differentiation and survival. Although previous studies were identified the effect of cytokines on the mononuclear cells development however the cytokines effect on mTOR in cord blood mononuclear cells was unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate mTOR expression in cord blood mononuclear and cord blood stem cells (CD34+ cells in culture conditions for lymphoid cell development. Methods: Isolation of The mononuclear cells (MNCs from umbilical cord blood were done with use of Ficollpaque density gradient. We evaluated cultured cord blood mononuclear and CD34+ cells in presece of IL2, IL7 and IL15 at distinct time points during 21 days by using flow cytometry. In this study, we presented the role of IL2, IL7 and IL15 on the expression of mTOR in cord blood cells. Results: mTOR expression were increased in peresence of IL2, IL7 and IL15 in day 14 and afterword reduced. However in persence of IL2 and IL15 expression of mTOR significantly reduced. mTOR expression in CD34+ cells decreased significantly from day7 to day 21 in culture. Conclusion: cytokines play important role in mTOR expression during hematopoiesis and development of cord blood mononuclear cells.

Public politcs of culture and the arts in Ceará: creation and consolidation of the center for visual arts- Casa Raimundo Cela

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Anderson de Sousa Silva

2016-11-01

Full Text Available This article aims to discuss the creation and history of the Center for Visual Arts: Casa Raimundo Cela and the National Plastic Arts of Ceara Hall, as an affirmation mechanism of public politics culture and to official institutions of the arts in Ceara. It has been focused on reflecting in the relationship between the State and culture, which in the mid-1960s has intensified due to the creation of the Secretaria and the State Council of Culture, as well as the performance of artists and intellectuals in the organs linked to these institutions. In the meantime, the present study also aims to investigate the Ceara insertion project in the Brazilian art scene, through the creation of a Hall of National Art, either the emergence of a new generation of artists and new aesthetic figurations emerged in the local and national artistic dialogues.

Aloin Inhibits Interleukin (IL)-1β-Stimulated IL-8 Production in KB Cells.

Science.gov (United States)

Na, Hee Sam; Song, Yu Ri; Kim, Seyeon; Heo, Jun-Young; Chung, Hae-Young; Chung, Jin

2016-06-01

Interleukin (IL)-1β, which is elevated in oral diseases including gingivitis, stimulates epithelial cells to produce IL-8 and perpetuate inflammatory responses. This study investigates stimulatory effects of salivary IL-1β in IL-8 production and determines if aloin inhibits IL-1β-stimulated IL-8 production in epithelial cells. Saliva was collected from volunteers to determine IL-1β and IL-8 levels. Samples from volunteers were divided into two groups: those with low and those with high IL-1β levels. KB cells were stimulated with IL-1β or saliva with or without IL-1 receptor agonist or specific mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) inhibitors. IL-8 production was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). MAPK protein expression involved in IL-1β-induced IL-8 secretion was detected by Western blot. KB cells were pretreated with aloin, and its effect on IL-1β-induced IL-8 production was examined by ELISA and Western blot analysis. Saliva with high IL-1β strongly stimulated IL-8 production in KB cells, and IL-1 receptor agonist significantly inhibited IL-8 production. Low IL-1β-containing saliva did not increase IL-8 production. IL-1β treatment of KB cells induced activation of MAPK signaling molecules as well as nuclear factor-kappa B. IL-1β-induced IL-8 production was decreased by p38 and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) inhibitor treatment. Aloin pretreatment inhibited IL-1β-induced IL-8 production in a dose-dependent manner and inhibited activation of the p38 and ERK signaling pathway. Finally, aloin pretreatment also inhibited saliva-induced IL-8 production. Results indicated that IL-1β in saliva stimulates epithelial cells to produce IL-8 and that aloin effectively inhibits salivary IL-1β-induced IL-8 production by mitigating the p38 and ERK pathway. Therefore, aloin may be a good candidate for modulating oral inflammatory diseases.

Diagnostic prénatal: quelles sont les techniques actuelles et futures ? (flyer)

CERN Multimedia

2002-01-01

La majorité des bébés qui viennent au monde ne présentent pas d'anomalies particulières. Cependant, il faut savoir qu'environ 1 foetus 170 présente une anomalie chromosomique (défaut de la structure ou du nombre de chromosomes) qui va peser plus ou moins lourdement sur sa vie future et 1 foetus sur 100 présente une maladie génique due à un changement dans un gène. Le diagnostic prénatal a connu et connaît une formidable expansion grâce aux progrès technologiques en génétique et imagerie foetale.

Penser Système : Découvrir nos modèles d'organisation

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Bryan, B.; Goodman, M.; Schaveling, J.

2011-01-01

Pourquoi le travail s’accumule-t-il sur nos bureaux alors que nous travaillons de plus en plus? Parfois « nos solutions » aggravent nos problèmes. Comment pouvons-nous éviter ces paradoxes ? Penser système donne de nouvelles perspectives dans des situations complexes. Cela vous permettra de

2421-IJBCS-Article-Ali Doumma

African Journals Online (AJOL)

hp

macrophylla et Prosopis juliflora (Figure 1). Méthodologie. Moyennant une approche participative, il a été question d'identifier les connaissances locales en matière de production de patate douce. Pour cela, des entretiens avec les informateurs clés (organisations paysannes,. ONGs et les services techniques) et des.

IL-1 family members IL-18 and IL-33 upregulate the inflammatory potential of differentiated human Th1 and Th2 cultures

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Blom, Lars; Poulsen, Lars K.

2012-01-01

The IL-1 family members IL-1ß, IL-18, and IL-33 are potent cytokines in relationship to amplifying the CD4(+) T cell cytokine production. To evaluate their impact on in vitro-differentiated human Th1 and Th2 cultures, such cultures were established from naive T cells, purified from healthy blood...... donors, and reactivated in the presence of IL-1ß, IL-18, or IL-33. Interestingly, we observe modifying responses in Th1 and Th2 cultures induced by IL-18 or IL-33 but not by IL-1ß, both contributing to amplify production of IL-5, IL-13, and IFN-¿. IL-18 or IL-33 stimulation of Th1 cultures resulted...... in increased IFN-¿ and IL-13 production concurrent with reduced IL-10 gene transcription and secretion even though Th1 cultures, in contrast to IL-18Ra, had low ST2L expression. Furthermore, adding IL-18 to Th1 cultures promoted Tbet mRNA expression and production. Th2 cultures stimulated with IL-18 or IL-33...

Georges Didi-Huberman, Images malgré tout

OpenAIRE

Shafto, Sally

2008-01-01

« Pour savoir, il faut s’imaginer. »Georges Didi-Huberman Avec son dernier livre, Images malgré tout, l’historien de l’art et philosophe Georges Didi-Huberman nous livre un texte élégamment écrit et divisé en trois mouvements. Il y a d’abord une réimpression de son article, paru auparavant dans le catalogue, Mémoires des camps. Photographies des camps de concentration et d’extermination nazis 1933-1999. Il s’agit d’une lecture phénoménologique de quatre photographies, prises à Auschwitz en ao...

La haine de l’Occident.

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Francois Warin

2009-06-01

Full Text Available  « L’Occident est maintenant partout, en Occident et ailleurs, dans les structures et dans les esprits. » Ashis Nandy, L’ennemi intime « Tout est venu à l’Europe et tout en est venu. » Paul Valéry, La crise de l’esprit Contraste. Le vocable de postcolonialisme est équivoque et il est chez nous, il faut bien l’avouer, quasiment muet. Le premier paradoxe du postcolonialisme tient précisément à ce contraste : ce syntagme muet enveloppe un enjeu considérable puisqu’il ...

Purification, crystallization and preliminary X-ray diffraction analysis of the IL-20-IL-20R1-IL-20R2 complex

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Logsdon, Naomi J.; Allen, Christopher E.; Rajashankar, Kanagalaghatta R.; Walter, Mark R. (Cornell); (UAB)

2012-02-08

Interleukin-20 (IL-20) is an IL-10-family cytokine that regulates innate and adaptive immunity in skin and other tissues. In addition to protecting the host from various external pathogens, dysregulated IL-20 signaling has been shown to contribute to the pathogenesis of human psoriasis. IL-20 signals through two cell-surface receptor heterodimers, IL-20R1-IL-20R2 and IL-22R1-IL-20R2. In this report, crystals of the IL-20-IL-20R1-IL-20R2 ternary complex have been grown from polyethylene glycol solutions. The crystals belonged to space group P4{sub 1}2{sub 1}2 or P4{sub 3}2{sub 1}2, with unit-cell parameters a = 111, c = 135 {angstrom}, and diffracted X-rays to 3 {angstrom} resolution. The crystallographic asymmetric unit contains one IL-20-IL-20R1-IL-20R2 complex, corresponding to a solvent content of approximately 54%.

Study on the changes of serum IL-2, IL-6, IL-8 and TNF levels in patients with diabetic nephrosis

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Qin Wenjing

2005-01-01

Objective: To investigate the changes of serum IL-2, IL-6, IL-8 and TNF levels in patients with diabetic nephrosis. Methods: Serum IL-2, IL-6, IL-8 and TNF levels were measured with RIA in 38 patients with diabetic nephrosis and 36 controls. Results: Serum levels of IL-6, IL-8 and TNF were significantly higher in patients with diabetic nephrosis than those in controls (P<0.01), but serum IL-2 levels were significantly lower in the patients (P<0.01). Conclusion: These cytokines participated in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephrosis. Monitoring the changes of their serum levels was helpful for the management of the disease. (authors)

2012 December_ Edition_Vol 16_4_article_16

African Journals Online (AJOL)

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Il faut accorder l'attention aux femmes au foyer et aux ... unwise decisions that would expose them to serious difficulties affecting their ... affecting adolescent sexual behavior26 appear to dominate .... that are not immune to errors such as memory lapses and ..... the decision making autonomy of women as those working and ...

Variabilité climatique et production maraîchère dans la plaine ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

) ou saison de ..... avec une régression de 43% et la patate douce de 10,5 t/ha à 8,2 t/ha soit un taux de régression de 22%. Il faut tout de ..... collection à travers champs, Paris, 47 – 63. FAO 2007. Adaptation to climate change in agriculture,.

Le méga-fichier TES dans une nouvelle architecture de surveillance

OpenAIRE

Vitalis, André

2017-01-01

La récente création du méga-fichier biométrique TES de tous les Français, répond, même s’il n’est pas mis en avant, à un souci sécuritaire. Si l’on veut véritablement comprendre les raisons et la portée de cette création, il faut la replacer dans la nouvelle architecture de surveillance en cours de construction depuis plus d’une décennie.

Expression of IL-18, IL-18 Binding Protein, and IL-18 Receptor by Normal and Cancerous Human Ovarian Tissues: Possible Implication of IL-18 in the Pathogenesis of Ovarian Carcinoma

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Liat Medina

2014-01-01

Full Text Available Proinflammatory cytokine IL-18 has been shown to be elevated in the sera of ovarian carcinoma patients. The aim of the study was to examine the levels and cellular origin of IL-18, IL-18 binding protein, and IL-18 receptor in normal and cancerous ovarian tissues. Ovarian tissue samples were examined by immunohistochemical staining for IL-18, IL-18BP, and IL-18R and mRNA of these cytokines was analyzed with semiquantitative PT-PCR. IL-18 levels were significantly higher in cancerous ovarian tissues (P=0.0007, IL-18BP levels were significantly higher in normal ovarian tissues (P=0.04, and the ratio of IL-18/IL-18BP was significantly higher in cancerous ovarian tissues (P=0.036. Cancerous ovarian tissues expressed significantly higher IL-18 mRNA levels (P=0.025, while there was no difference in the expression of IL-18BP mRNA and IL-18R mRNA between cancerous and normal ovarian tissues. IL-18 and IL-18BP were expressed dominantly in the epithelial cells of both cancerous and normal ovarian tissues, while IL-18R was expressed dominantly in the epithelial cells of cancerous ovarian tissues but expressed similarly in the epithelial and stromal cells of normal cancerous tissues. This study indicates a possible role of IL-18, IL-18BP, and IL-18R in the pathogenesis of epithelial ovarian carcinoma.

Clinical significance of changes of levels of serum IL-2, IL-8, IL-10 and gastrin in patients with chronic eczema

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Huang Haifeng; Bi Mingye; Shi Hejian

2009-01-01

Objective: To study the significance of changes of serum IL-2, IL-8, IL-10 and Gastrin levels in patients with chronic eczema. Methods: Serum levels of IL-2, IL-8, IL-10 and Gastrin were determined with RIA in 30 patients with chronic eczema and 30 controls. Results: The levels of serum IL-2 were significantly lower in the eczema patients than those in controls (P 0.05). Both serum IL-10 and Gastrin levels were significantly higher in the patients than those in controls (P<0.01). Conclusion: Determination of serum IL-2, IL-8, IL-10 and Gastrin levels in patients with chronic eczema would be of help in monitoring the disease process and outcome prediction. (authors)

Function Flow Analysis and Comparison of Doctrinal and Applied Operations Planning Process

Science.gov (United States)

2005-05-16

décision humaine est intuitive, c’est-à-dire qu’elle s’effectue selon un processus moins analytique, moins formel. Cela suppose qu’il peut y avoir une...Tactical System. The Land Force wants to develop new procedures that capitalize on the strengths of digitization. Project Minerva will focus on the

Clinical significance of determination of some serum cytokines (IL-8, IL-10, IL-18, M-CSF) levels in patients with periodontitis

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wei Dong; Zhang Xiaolei; Yang Chunxiu; Chen Guanghua

2008-01-01

Objective: To explore the significance of changes of serum IL-8, IL-10, IL-18 and M-CSF levels in patients with periodontitis. Methods: Serum levels of IL-8, IL-10, M-CSF (with RIA) and IL-18 (with ELISA) were measured in 55 patients with periodontitis both before and after treatment as well as in 35 controls. Results: Before treatment, serum levels of IL-8, IL-10, IL-18 and M-CSF were significantly higher in the patients than those in the controls (P<0.01). After one month of treatment, the serum IL-8, IL-10, IL-18 and M-CSF levels decreased somewhat, but were still significantly higher than those in controls (P<0.05). Conclusion: There was disturbance of immunomodulation in patients with periodontitis as expressed by the changes of several cytokines levels in the eourse of the diseases. (authors)

Relations Between Serum Essential Fatty Acids, Cytokines (IL-6 & IL ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

The aim of this study was to investigate the relations between free radical generation, interleukins (IL-6 & IL-8), apoptotic marker soluble Fas (sFas), and the level of ... IL-6, IL-8 and sFas whereas serum fatty acid revealed that Linoleicacid (LA) and alpha linolenic acid (ALA) were significantly decreased in the studied cases .

Identification and Characterization of a Novel IL-4 Receptor α Chain (IL-4Rα Antagonist to Inhibit IL-4 Signalling

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Nayyar Ahmed

2015-05-01

Full Text Available Background/Aims: In recent times, allergy has become a financial, physical and psychological burden to the society as a whole. In allergic cascades, cytokine IL-4 binds to IL-4 receptor (IL-4R, consequently producing allergen-specific IgE antibodies by B cells. In addition, among other functions, IL-4 is also responsible for B and T cell proliferation and differentiation. Hence, characterization of novel antagonists that inhibit IL-4 signalling forms the overall aim of this study. Methods: Phage display was used to screen a random 12-mer synthetic peptide library with a human IL-4Rα to identify peptide candidates. Once identified, the peptides were commercially synthesized and used for in vitro immunoassays. Results: We have successfully used phage display to identify M13 phage clones that demonstrated specific binding to IL-4Rα. The peptide N1 was synthesized for use in ELISA, demonstrating significant binding to IL-4Rα and inhibiting interaction with cytokine IL-4. Furthermore, the peptide was tested in a transfected HEK-Blue IL-4 reporter cell line model, which produces alkaline phosphatase (AP. QUANTI-Blue, a substrate, breaks down in the presence of AP producing a blue coloration. Using this colorimetric analysis, >50% inhibition of IL-4 signalling was achieved. Conclusion: We have successfully identified and characterised a synthetic peptide antagonist against IL-4Rα, which effectively inhibits IL-4 interaction with the IL-4Rα in vitro. Since IL-4 interaction with IL-4Rα is a common pathway for many allergies, a prophylactic treatment can be devised by inhibiting this interaction for future treatment of allergies.

Résultats de recherche | Page 21 | CRDI - Centre de recherches ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

En Afrique, une adolescente sur dix s'absente de l'école ou abandonne ses études en raison des menstruations. Des chercheuses canadiennes ont découvert que des serviettes hygiéniques réutilisables sont pourtant tout ce qu'il leur faut. En vedette. Information and Communication Social Policy SAFETY WOMEN ...

Résultats de recherche | Page 24 | CRDI - Centre de recherches ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

En Afrique, une adolescente sur dix s'absente de l'école ou abandonne ses études en raison des menstruations. Des chercheuses canadiennes ont découvert que des serviettes hygiéniques réutilisables sont pourtant tout ce qu'il leur faut. En vedette. Information and Communication Social Policy SAFETY WOMEN ...

La metaphore est-elle la marque de l’insuffisance de l’esprit?

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Isabelle Oliveira

2010-01-01

Full Text Available L’une des caractéristiques les plus communément reconnues à la discipline de la terminologie est sa conceptualité. Au contraire de l’opinion émise sur la métaphore, la terminologie s’efforce de travailler à partir de notions précises dont le sens doit être délimité et l’articulation à d’autres notions explicitée afin de bannir les ambiguïtés et les fausses évidences qu’elles véhiculent. Elle se distingue aussi du texte poétique caractérisé en particulier par la richesse des images et le jeu sur les signifiants. On comprend dès lors pourquoi la métaphore apparaît de prime abord comme une ennemie du champ de la terminologie qu’il faudrait bannir à tout prix. Cette figure de rhétorique consistant en un transport de sens risque à tout moment de rendre inopérant l’effort d’univocité et de rigueur du travail du terminologue. Mais la métaphore n’est pourtant pas absente des textes de spécialité. Il faut dès lors se demander si cette présence est « accidentelle”, contingente, ou si elle est incontournable et signifiante. Pour cela, il nous faudra étudier à la fois la place de la métaphore dans le texte de spécialité, et le discours des scientifiques portant sur elle. Mais une telle démarche nous laisse prisonnier de la dichotomie entre concept et métaphore et masque peutêtre une parenté inaperçue entre eux. Si le concept est habité par la métaphore, qu’en est-il du discours de spécialité? N’est-il pas réduit à n’être qu’un vaste poème qui ne s’avouerait pas comme tel? Est-elle seulement une figure de style ou aurait-elle un impact qui outrepasseraitsa modeste fonction discursive ? Il semble bien, même si le débat sur la métaphore et son usage est loin d’être clos. Notre théorie s’inscrit plutôt dans le sens d’une réévaluation du sens, d’une extension toujours plus grande de l’impact de ce trope qui, plus qu’une simple finalité esthétique, aurait une

Functional Implications of the IL-23/IL-17 Immune Axis in Schizophrenia.

Science.gov (United States)

Debnath, Monojit; Berk, Michael

2017-12-01

The aetiology of schizophrenia seems to stem from complex interactions amongst environmental, genetic, metabolic, immunologic and oxidative components. Chronic low-grade inflammation has been persistently linked to schizophrenia, and this has primarily been based on the findings derived from Th1/Th2 cytokine balance. While the IL-23/IL-17 axis plays crucial role in the pathogenesis of several immune-mediated disorders, it has remained relatively unexplored in neuropsychiatric disorders. Altered levels of cytokines related to IL-23/IL-17 axis have been observed in schizophrenia patients in a few studies. In addition, other indirect factors known to confer schizophrenia risk like complement activation and altered gut microbiota are shown to modulate the IL-23/IL-17 axis. These preliminary observations provide crucial clues about the functional implications of IL-23/IL-17 axis in schizophrenia. In this review, an attempt has been made to highlight the biology of IL-23/IL-17 axis and its relevance to schizophrenia risk and pathogenesis. Given the pathogenic potential of the IL-23/IL-17 axis, therapeutic targeting of this axis may be a promising approach to benefit patients suffering from this devastating disorder.

Psoriasis is not associated with IL-12p70/IL-12p40 production and IL12B promoter polymorphism

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Litjens, Nicolle H R; van der Plas, Mariena J A; Ravensbergen, Bep

2004-01-01

Psoriasis is a type-1 T cell-mediated, chronic inflammatory disease. Since interleukin (IL)-12p70 promotes the development of type-1 T cells, we investigated whether psoriasis is associated with an increased production of this cyctokine by blood cells. Results revealed that the production of IL-12p....... The frequencies of the various genotypes for the promoter region of the gene encoding IL-12p40 (IL12B) did not differ between psoriasis patients and controls. No association was observed between the various IL12B promoter genotypes and the LPS-stimulated production of IL-12p70 or IL-12p40 by blood cells. Together......, psoriasis is not associated with a promoter polymorphism in the IL12B gene nor with the production of IL-12p70 by LPS-stimulated blood cells....

Fasting induces IL-1 resistance and free fatty acid-mediated up-regulation of IL-1R2 and IL-1RA

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jenifer j joesting

2014-07-01

Full Text Available Objective: Weight loss is a near societal obsession and many diet programs use significant calorie restriction (CR including fasting/short term starvation to generate rapid effects. Fasting is also a well-recognized cause of immunosuppression especially within the innate immune system. In this study, we sought to determine if the IL-1 arm of the neuroimmune system was down-regulated by a 24 hr fast and how fasting might generate this effect. Design: Mice were allowed ad libitum access to food or had food withheld for 24 hrs. Expression of the endogenous IL-1 antagonists IL-1 receptor type 2 (IL-1R2 and IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA were determined as were sickness behaviors before and after IL-1 administration.Results: Fasting markedly increased gene expression of IL-1R2 (83-fold in adipose tissue, 9.5-fold in liver and IL-1RA (68-fold in liver. Fasted mice were protected from IL-1-induced weight loss, hypoglycemia, loss of locomotor and social anxiety. These protections were coupled to a large positive interaction of fasting and IL-1 on IL-1R2 gene expression in adipose tissue and liver (2.6-fold and 1.6-fold, respectively. Fasting not only increased IL-1RA and IL-1R2 protein 2.5-fold and 3.2-fold, respectively, in liver; but also increased IL-1R2 1.8-fold in adipose tissue. Fasting, in turn, triggered a 2.4-fold increase in plasma free-fatty acids (FFAs and a 2.1-fold increase in plasma corticosterone. Inhibition, of glucocorticoid action with mifepristone did not impact fasting-dependent IL-1R2 or IL-1RA gene expression. Administration of the FFA, palmitate, to mice increased liver IL-1R2 and IL-1RA gene expression by 14-fold and 11-fold, respectively. Conclusion: These findings indicate that fasting augments expression of endogenous IL-1 antagonists inducing IL-1 resistance. Fasting-induced increases in plasma FFAs appears to be a signal that drives immunosuppression during fasting/short term starvation.

Clinical significance of measurement of changes of serum IL-6, IL-18 and IL-1β levels after treatment in patients with endometriosis

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zhang Chunyan; Zhang Shumin; Zhou Dongxia; Wang Enbo

2008-01-01

Objective: To explore the clinical significance of changes of serum IL-6, IL-18 and IL-1β levels after treatment in patients with endometriosis. Methods: Serum IL-6 (with RIA) and IL-18, IL-1β (with ELISA) levels were determined in 38 patients with endometriosis both before and after treatment as well as 35 controls. Results: Before treatment, the serum IL-6, IL- 18 and IL-1β levels were significantly higher in the patients than those in controls (P 0.05). Conclusion: Detection of serum IL-6, IL-18 and IL- 1β levels might reflect the progress of diseases in patients with endometriosis. (authors)

Laughter and compassion

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Thomas Pavel

2016-11-01

Full Text Available L’article passe d’abord en revue plusieurs types de rire dans la littérature, dont le rire fondé sur le mépris des défauts humains, élément essentiel de la comédie classique; le rire fou, véritable explosion d’énergie comique, spécialité de Rabelais; le rire gracieux de la pastorale et de la comédie élégante; et le rire complice des clowns qui contournent les obstacles.  À ces genres de rire, il faut ajouter le rire compatissant, lequel, à partir du 19e siècle, allie la mise en évidence de défauts ridicules des personnages avec une certaine sympathie pour leur humanité.  L’essor de l’égalité de principe entre les êtres humains, trait spécifique des temps récents, rend possible ce type d’humour qui modère le mépris et le rejet de nos semblables au nom de la compassion et de la pitié.

Seasonal influenza A/H3N2 virus infection and IL-1Β, IL-10, IL-17, and IL-28 polymorphisms in Iranian population.

Science.gov (United States)

Rogo, Lawal Dahiru; Rezaei, Farhad; Marashi, Seyed Mahdi; Yekaninejad, Mir Saeed; Naseri, Maryam; Ghavami, Nastaran; Mokhtari-Azad, Talat

2016-12-01

Increased blood cytokines is the main immunopathological process that were attributed to severe clinical outcomes in cases of influenza A/H3N2 virus infection. The study was aimed to investigate the polymorphisms of IL-1β, IL-10, IL-17, and IL-28 genes to find the possibility of their association with the clinical outcome of influenza A/H3N2 virus infection among the infected patients in Iran. This is a Case-Control study in which influenza A/H3N2 virus positive confirmed with real-time PCR were the cases. DNA samples from groups were genotyped for polymorphisms in rs16944 (IL-1β), rs1800872 (IL-10), rs2275913 (IL-17), and rs8099917 (IL-28). Confidence interval (95%CI) and Odds ratio (OR) were calculated. IL-17 rs2275913 (GG and AG) were associated with risk of infection with that were statistically significant (P rs16944) (GG) was associated with reduced risk of infection (P < 0.01, OR = 0.46). Genotype GG and GT of IL-10 (rs1800872) were associated with increased risk of infection with influenza A/H3N2 virus (P < 0.05, OR = 2.04-2.58). In addition, IL-28 (rs8099917) genotypes GG (P < 0.05, OR = 0.49) and TG (P < 0.05, OR = 0.59) were associated with reduced risk of ILI symptom while genotype TT (P < 0.01, OR = 4.31) was associated with increased risk of ILI symptom. The results of this study demonstrated that polymorphisms of genes involved in the inflammatory and anti-inflammatory process affect the outcome of disease caused by influenza A/H3N2 virus. Thorough insight on host immune response at the time of influenza A virus infection is required to ensure adequate patient care in the case of feature outbreaks. J. Med. Virol. 88:2078-2084, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

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Cela prend un certain temps pour remplir le formulaire de demande en ligne. Le système vous permet de travailler à votre propre rythme. Vous pouvez téléverser un document, le sauvegarder, puis continuer plus tard. Le formulaire de demande comporte plusieurs pages, et il est possible de le remplir graduellement.

Pregnancy, but not the allergic status, influences spontaneous and induced interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), IL-6, IL-10 and IL-12 responses.

Science.gov (United States)

Amoudruz, Petra; Minang, Jacob Taku; Sundström, Yvonne; Nilsson, Caroline; Lilja, Gunnar; Troye-Blomberg, Marita; Sverremark-Ekström, Eva

2006-09-01

In this study, we investigated how pregnancy influences cytokine production in response to stimulation of the innate and the adaptive immune system, respectively. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from allergic (n = 44) and non-allergic (n = 36) women were collected at three time-points: during the third trimester, at delivery and at a non-pregnant state 2 years after delivery. The production of interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), IL-6, IL-10 and IL-12 was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) or enzyme-linked immunospot assay (ELISPOT). The spontaneous cytokine production, and the response following stimulation with agents that primarily activate the adaptive part of the immune system [phytohaemagglutinin (PHA), allergen extracts from cat and birch], or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) that activate innate immunity was measured in vitro. There was a significantly higher spontaneous in vitro production of IL-1beta, IL-6 and IL-10 by PBMCs during pregnancy than 2 years after pregnancy, and this was not affected by the allergic status of the women. Conversely, in PHA-stimulated cell cultures there was a lower production of IL-10 and IL-12 during pregnancy than 2 years after pregnancy. LPS-induced IL-6 levels were significantly lower in PBMCs obtained during pregnancy than at 2 years after pregnancy. In addition, we made the interesting observation that in allergic women total immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels were significantly lower 2 years after pregnancy compared to the levels during pregnancy. Taken together, our results indicate that while atopic allergy in women does not have a substantial effect on cytokine production, pregnancy has an obvious effect on the immune system in terms of cytokine production as well as on the total IgE levels.

Structure of IL-22 Bound to Its High-Affinity IL-22R1 Chain

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Jones, B.C.; Logsdon, N.J.; Walter, M.R. (UAB)

2008-09-29

IL-22 is an IL-10 family cytokine that initiates innate immune responses against bacterial pathogens and contributes to immune disease. IL-22 biological activity is initiated by binding to a cell-surface complex composed of IL-22R1 and IL-10R2 receptor chains and further regulated by interactions with a soluble binding protein, IL-22BP, which shares sequence similarity with an extracellular region of IL-22R1 (sIL-22R1). IL-22R1 also pairs with the IL-20R2 chain to induce IL-20 and IL-24 signaling. To define the molecular basis of these diverse interactions, we have determined the structure of the IL-22/sIL-22R1 complex. The structure, combined with homology modeling and surface plasmon resonance studies, defines the molecular basis for the distinct affinities and specificities of IL-22 and IL-10 receptor chains that regulate cellular targeting and signal transduction to elicit effective immune responses.

Three-Dimensional Conformal Radiotherapy in Prostate Cancer Patients: Rise in Interleukin 6 (IL-6) but not IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, Tumor Necrosis Factor-{alpha}, MIP-1-{alpha}, and LIF Levels

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Oliveira Lopes, Carlos [Universidade do Vale do Paraiba, Centro de Oncologia Radioterapica do Vale do Paraiba, Universidade do Vale do Paraiba Instituto de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento, Universidade do Vale do Paraiba, Sao Jose dos Campos, Sao Paulo (Brazil); Callera, Fernando, E-mail: fcallera@gmail.com [Centro de Hematologia Onco-hematologia e Transplantes de Medula Ossea do Vale do Paraiba, Sao Paulo (Brazil)

2012-03-15

Purpose: To investigate the effect of radiotherapy (RT) on serum levels of interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-{alpha}), macrophage inflammatory protein-1-alpha (MIP-1-{alpha}) and leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) in patients with prostate cancer. Methods and Materials: Forty eight patients with prostate cancer received three-dimensional conformal blocking radiation therapy with a linear accelerator. IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, TNF-{alpha}, MIP-1-{alpha}, and LIF levels were measured by the related immunoassay kit 1 day before the beginning of RT and during RT at days 15 and 30. Results: The mean IL-2 values were elevated before and during the RT in contrast with those of IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, TNF-{alpha}, MIP-1-{alpha}, and LIF, which were within the normal range under the same conditions. Regarding markers IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, TNF-{alpha}, MIP-1-{alpha}, and LIF, comparisons among the three groups (before treatment and 15 and 30 days during RT) did not show significant differences. Although values were within the normal range, there was a significant rise in IL-6 levels at day 15 of RT (p = 0.0049) and a decline at day 30 to levels that were similar to those observed before RT. Conclusions: IL-6 appeared to peak after 15 days of RT before returning to pre-RT levels. In contrast, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, TNF-{alpha}, MIP-1-{alpha}, and LIF levels were not sensitive to irradiation. The increased levels of IL-6 following RT without the concurrent elevation of other cytokines involved in the acute phase reaction did not suggest a classical inflammatory response to radiation exposure. Further studies should be designed to elucidate the role of IL-6 levels in patients with prostate cancer treated with RT.

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International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Projet Itzama : développement durable d'une communauté autochtone fondé sur le ... Soutien institutionnel à la section de la capitale nationale du Conseil international du Canada ... Changements climatiques et santé humaine à Accra, Ghana ... sont limitées, il faut avoir accès à de l'information pertinente sur le plan local.

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International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Élaboration et diffusion de diagnostics peu coûteux et sur support papier du virus Zika. L'éclosion du virus Zika montre qu'il faut pouvoir élaborer, analyser et diffuser rapidement et à faible coût des diagnostics à l'intention des régions exposées à cette menace pandémique. Projet.

Communication et participation communautaire

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Dans le nouveau paradigme, le chercheur ou l'agent de développement intervient à .... ainsi que les autres parties prenantes concernées dans les phases de définition, ..... Enfin, il faut discuter des avantages financiers et matériels liés à la ...... Working for Change and Development, New Delhi : Sage Publications, 1995.

South of Sahara | Page 19 | IDRC - International Development ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

En Afrique, une adolescente sur dix s'absente de l'école ou abandonne ses études en raison des menstruations. Des chercheuses canadiennes ont découvert que des serviettes hygiéniques réutilisables sont pourtant tout ce qu'il leur faut. Read more about AFRIpads : la serviette anti-décrochage. Language French.

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International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

En Afrique, une adolescente sur dix s'absente de l'école ou abandonne ses études en raison des menstruations. Des chercheuses canadiennes ont découvert que des serviettes hygiéniques réutilisables sont pourtant tout ce qu'il leur faut. Read more about AFRIpads : la serviette anti-décrochage. Language French.

2183-IJBCS-Article-Bouet Alphonse

African Journals Online (AJOL)

hp

Short Communication http://indexmedicus.afro.who.int. Impact de la surveillance humaine sur les dégâts d'oiseaux en riziculture pluviale. Alphonse BOUET 1* ..... dès le lever du soleil pour rejoindre leurs refuges après le coucher du soleil. Il faut par ailleurs une ressource humaine suffisante pour mieux quadriller le champ.

IL-4 function can be transferred to the IL-2 receptor by tyrosine containing sequences found in the IL-4 receptor alpha chain.

Science.gov (United States)

Wang, H Y; Paul, W E; Keegan, A D

1996-02-01

IL-4 binds to a cell surface receptor complex that consists of the IL-4 binding protein (IL-4R alpha) and the gamma chain of the IL-2 receptor complex (gamma c). The receptors for IL-4 and IL-2 have several features in common; both use the gamma c as a receptor component, and both activate the Janus kinases JAK-1 and JAK-3. In spite of these similarities, IL-4 evokes specific responses, including the tyrosine phosphorylation of 4PS/IRS-2 and the induction of CD23. To determine whether sequences within the cytoplasmic domain of the IL-4R alpha specify these IL-4-specific responses, we transplanted the insulin IL-4 receptor motif (I4R motif) of the huIL-4R alpha to the cytoplasmic domain of a truncated IL-2R beta. In addition, we transplanted a region that contains peptide sequences shown to block Stat6 binding to DNA. We analyzed the ability of cells expressing these IL-2R-IL-4R chimeric constructs to respond to IL-2. We found that IL-4 function could be transplanted to the IL-2 receptor by these regions and that proliferative and differentiative functions can be induced by different receptor sequences.

Increased IL-10 mRNA and IL-23 mRNA expression in multiple sclerosis: interferon-beta treatment increases IL-10 mRNA expression while reducing IL-23 mRNA expression

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Krakauer, M.; Sorensen, P.; Khademi, M.

2008-01-01

volunteers served to confirm initial findings. mRNA was analyzed by real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (PCR). RESULTS: We found elevated expression of interleukin (IL)-23 and IL-10 in untreated MS patients. IFN-beta therapy increased IL-10 and decreased IL-23 expression independently...... of the regulatory cytokine IL-10. The elevated IL-23 mRNA levels in MS patients are noteworthy in view of the newly discovered IL-23-driven Th17 T-cell subset, which is crucial in animal models of MS. Since IFN-beta therapy resulted in decreased IL-23 mRNA levels, the Th17 axis could be another target of IFN...

IL6 and IL10 are genetic susceptibility factors of periodontal disease

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Luca Scapoli

2012-01-01

Conclusions: The present investigation indicated that polymorphisms of IL6 and IL10 constitute risk factors for chronic periodontitis, while there was no evidence implicating a specific IL1A or IL1B genotype.

IL-8 dictates glycosaminoglycan binding and stability of IL-18 in cystic fibrosis.

LENUS (Irish Health Repository)

Reeves, Emer P

2010-02-01

Dysregulation of airway inflammation contributes to lung disease in cystic fibrosis (CF). Inflammation is mediated by inflammatory cytokines, including IL-8, which illustrates an increase in biological half-life and proinflammatory activity when bound to glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). The aim of this project was to compare IL-8 and IL-18 for their relative stability, activity, and interaction with GAGs, including chondroitin sulfate, hyaluronic acid, and heparan sulfate, present in high quantities in the lungs of patients with CF. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was collected from patients with CF (n = 28), non-CF controls (n = 14), and patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (n = 12). Increased levels of IL-8 and reduced concentrations of IL-18 were detected in bronchial samples obtained from CF individuals. The low level of IL-18 was not a defect in IL-18 production, as the pro- and mature forms of the molecule were expressed and produced by CF epithelial cells and monocytes. There was, however, a marked competition between IL-8 and IL-18 for binding to GAGs. A pronounced loss of IL-18 binding capacity occurred in the presence of IL-8, which displaced IL-18 from these anionic-matrices, rendering the cytokine susceptible to proteolytic degradation by neutrophil elastase. As a biological consequence of IL-18 degradation, reduced levels of IL-2 were secreted by Jurkat T lymphocytes. In conclusion, a novel mechanism has been identified highlighting the potential of IL-8 to determine the fate of other inflammatory molecules, such as IL-18, within the inflammatory milieu of the CF lung.

Study on the changes of serum TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-8 levels in patients with coronary cardiac heart diseases

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lu Xiaozhuo; Yu Xian

2003-01-01

Objective: To study the role TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-8 played in the pathogenesis of coronary cardiac heart diseases. Methods: Serum levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-8 levels were determined by chemiluminescence immunoassay in 32 patients with stable angina, 39 patients with acute myocardial infarction and 36 controls. Results: Serum TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-8 levels in all patients were higher than those in controls. Remarkably increased level were seen in acute myocardial infarction group. Difference between control and patient groups were: stable angina group TNF-α, p<0.05, IL-6, p<0.01 and IL-8, p<0.05; acute myocardial infarction group TNF-α, p<0.01, IL-1β, p<0.05, IL-6, p<0.001 and IL-8, p<0.001. Conclusion: There is close relationship between serum TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8 levels and development of coronary cardiac heart disease. They play an important role in the pathogenesis through mutual induction and synergistic actions

Influence des défauts de la structure du verre sur la résistance mécanique des fibres optiques

Science.gov (United States)

Chmel, A.; Baptizmanski, V. V.; Kharshak, A. A.

1992-12-01

For silica (pure and doped) optical fibers prepared from preforms irradiated by thermal neutrons and Ar^+ ions, the measurements of lifetime under transverse stress were carried out. It is found that the neutron bombardment leads to decrease of the lifetime and the strength of fiber while the ion implantation results in increasing of these parameters. The influence of particle irradiation on the glass strength is explained by the generation of structural defects which were observed by the infrared an Raman spectroscopy methods. The direction of the change of mechanical properties of fibers is determined by the type of defects and their distribution in the cross-section of fiber. Des préformes de fibres optiques de silice ont été exposées à un bombardement par des faisceaux de neutrons thermiques et d'ions Ar^+ à énergie de 40 keV afin d'engendrer des défauts de la structure respectivement dans le volume ou dans la couche superficielle des échantillons. Les fibres obtenues des préformes irradiées et non irradiées ont été mises en charge de flexion. On a déterminé leur temps de rupture sous diverses contraintes de traction sur la surface extérieure de la fibre en flexion. On a observé une diminution du temps de rupture des fibres après le bombardement neutronique et une augmentation après l'implantation ionique. L'analyse de la nature des défauts en faisant appel à la spectroscopie infrarouge et Raman a fait ressortir que l'irradiation aux ions entraînait essentiellement des liaisons chimiques dans une fine couche superficielle de l'échantillon alors que l'irradiation aux neutrons occasionnait une déformation des zones du réseau silicique dans toute la section de la préforme et de la fibre. L'amélioration de la résistance mécanique s'explique par une augmentation de la mobilité des éléments structuraux de la matrice de verre par suite d'une rupture partielle des liaisons chimiques et sa diminution par l'apparition de concentrateurs

The secreted form of the p40 subunit of interleukin (IL)-12 inhibits IL-23 functions and abrogates IL-23-mediated antitumour effects

Science.gov (United States)

Shimozato, Osamu; Ugai, Shin-ichi; Chiyo, Masako; Takenobu, Hisanori; Nagakawa, Hiroyasu; Wada, Akihiko; Kawamura, Kiyoko; Yamamoto, Hiroshi; Tagawa, Masatoshi

2006-01-01

Interleukin (IL)-23 is a heterodimeric cytokine consisting of a novel p19 molecule and the p40 subunit of IL-12. Since secreted p40 can act as an antagonist for IL-12, we investigated whether p40 also inhibited IL-23-mediated immunological functions. p40 did not induce interferon (IFN)-γ or IL-17 production from splenocytes but impaired IL-23-induced cytokine production by competitive binding to the IL-23 receptors. Furthermore, a mixed population of murine colon carcinoma Colon 26 cells transduced with the p40 gene and those transduced with the IL-23 gene developed tumours in syngenic mice, whereas the IL-23-expressing Colon 26 cells were completely rejected. p40 also suppressed IFN-γ production of antigen-stimulated splenocytes and IL-23-mediated cytotoxic T-lymphocyte activities in the mice that rejected Colon 26 cells expressing IL-23. p40 can thereby antagonize IL-23 and is a possible therapeutic agent for suppression of IL-23 functions. PMID:16423037

IL22/IL-22R pathway induces cell survival in human glioblastoma cells.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Hussein Akil

Full Text Available Interleukin-22 (IL-22 is a member of the IL-10 cytokine family that binds to a heterodimeric receptor consisting of IL-22 receptor 1 (IL-22R1 and IL-10R2. IL-22R expression was initially characterized on epithelial cells, and plays an essential role in a number of inflammatory diseases. Recently, a functional receptor was detected on cancer cells such as hepatocarcinoma and lung carcinoma, but its presence was not reported in glioblastoma (GBM. Two GBM cell lines and 10 primary cell lines established from patients undergoing surgery for malignant GBM were used to investigate the expression of IL-22 and IL-22R by using quantitative RT-PCR, western blotting and confocal microscopy studies. The role of IL-22 in proliferation and survival of GBM cell lines was investigated in vitro by BrdU and ELISA cell death assays. We report herein that the two subunits of the IL-22R complex are expressed on human GBM cells. Their activation, depending on exogenous IL-22, induced antiapoptotic effect and cell proliferation. IL-22 treatment of GBM cells resulted in increased levels of phosphorylated Akt, STAT3 signaling protein and its downstream antiapoptotic protein Bcl-xL and decreased level of phosphorylated ERK1/2. In addition, IL-22R subunits were expressed in all the 10 tested primary cell lines established from GBM tumors. Our results showed that IL-22R is expressed on GBM established and primary cell lines. Depending on STAT3, ERK1/2 and PI3K/Akt pathways, IL-22 induced GBM cell survival. These data are consistent with a potential role of IL-22R in tumorigenesis of GBM. Since endogenous IL-22 was not detected in all studied GBM cells, we hypothesize that IL-22R could be activated by immune microenvironmental IL-22 producing cells.

L’ARCHE DE NOÉ et autres articles religieux de l’abbé Mallet dans l’Encyclopédie

OpenAIRE

Rex, Walter E.

2006-01-01

Complètement oublié aujourd’hui, l’abbé Edme Mallet (1713-55) fournit à l’Encyclopédie plus de mille articles portant surtout sur l’histoire ancienne et moderne et sur la littérature. Il écrivit aussi et ce fut son principal titre de gloire dans l’entreprise — des articles de théologie : en effet, il y figure comme théologien en titre de tous les premiers volumes. S’il faut reconnaître la considérable érudition de l’abbé Mallet comme historien, on peut néanmoins légitimement se demander pour ...

Après le Brexit, un diagnostic lucide sur l'avenir de l'Union européenne

OpenAIRE

Kahn, Sylvain

2016-01-01

Faut-il être traumatisé par le Brexit? Le cas des Britanniques est très particulier. Ils sont entrés à reculons dans l'Union européenne en 1973, et ils ont tout de suite commencé par demander des clauses d'exemption. L'UE et les Britanniques, concrètement qu'est-ce que c'est? C'est un pays qui, depuis 43 ans, ne cesse de s'opposer autant que possible à toute avancée fédérale, à davantage d'intégration, et promeut une Europe à la carte. C'est d'ailleurs le seul pays avec le Danemark qui avait ...

IL-28 and IL-29 as protective markers in subject with dengue fever.

Science.gov (United States)

Hung, Chih-Hsing; Huang, Chung-Hao; Wang, Lin; Huang, Chun-Chi; Wu, Meng-Chieh; Chin, Yi-Ying; Lin, Chun-Yu; Chang, Ko; Wu, Deng-Chyang; Chen, Yen-Hsu

2017-06-01

About 400 million people every year are estimated to contract dengue virus infection, which causes prolonged morbidity and sometimes mortality. Interleukin (IL)-28 and IL-29 are relatively newly discovered cytokines and play an important role in our immune defense against pathogens, especially for viral infection. In the present study, we investigated serum IL-28 and IL-29 expression and the relationship to clinical and laboratory parameters in patients with dengue virus infection. Adult patients with dengue (n = 45) and control group (n = 24) were included prospectively. Clinical symptoms and laboratory data were collected from every patient. We investigated IL-28 and IL-29 levels in serum by ELISA. The concentrations of serum IL-28 and IL-29 were significantly higher in subjects with dengue when compared to those of control group. The patients with higher serum IL-28 and IL-29 levels had significantly lower ALAT and peripheral blood neutrophil percentage, but higher peripheral platelet, total white blood cell (WBC), monocyte, and lymphocyte counts. Patients with higher serum IL-28 and IL-29 levels also had more flu-like symptoms, but less vomiting. Increased level of IL-28 and IL-29 was associated with better liver function, platelet and WBC numbers and clinical symptom in subjects with dengue and could potentially serve as a protective marker.

Il-legitimacy in the eyes of the il-legitimated

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Gerstroem, Anna

2013-01-01

The financial crisis has brought il-legitimacy to the center of organizational life in the banking industry. It is unfortunate that little is known about how organizational il-legitimacy is experienced and handled by the people who spend most of their wakening hours at work within...... these organizations. The purpose of this paper is to address this gap of knowledge by exploring how members of a bankrupted bank experience and handle attributions of organizational il-legitimacy: to investigate the phenomenon from an inside perspective - in the eyes of the people who undergo it. The paper has...... an inductive approach and offers an explorative analysis based on an in-depth study of qualitative interviews with 20 members of a bankrupted bank. The analysis shows that in bankers’ narrations, (il)legitimacy is central: as a problem and as a solution. The paper contributes to extant knowledge on (il...

The role of representations in mathematical reasoning

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Carter, Jessica M H Grund

2012-01-01

Cet article discute le rôle des représentations dans les preuves mathématiques. Il est suggéré ici que les représentations nous permettent de diviser une preuve en plusieurs parties plus faciles à traiter. Nous illustrerons cela avec un exemple de la pratique mathématique actuelle qui consiste à ...

L'innovation sème l'espoir dans les régions arides | CRDI - Centre ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

23 janv. 2013 ... L'ICARDA est l'un des 15 centres chapeautés par le Groupe consultatif pour la recherche agricole internationale (CGIAR), que le CRDI soutient depuis plus de 40 ans. ... Par ailleurs, cela prend un contexte de politiques propice et, ce qui est encore plus important, une approche communautaire, précise-t-il.

Recombinant human growth-regulated oncogene-alpha induces T lymphocyte chemotaxis. A process regulated via IL-8 receptors by IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, IL-4, IL-10, and IL-13

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Jinquan, T; Frydenberg, Jane; Mukaida, N

1995-01-01

receptors on the cells. This process can be augmented by IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha, and inhibited by IL-4, IL-10, and IL-13. In addition, we also document that on T lymphocytes there exist IL-8 receptors that can be up-regulated by IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, and IL-2. Our results demonstrate that rhGRO-alpha gene...

Interleukin (IL)-8 and IL-36γ but not IL-36Ra are related to acrosyringia in pustule formation associated with palmoplantar pustulosis.

Science.gov (United States)

Xiaoling, Y; Chao, W; Wenming, W; Feng, L; Hongzhong, J

2018-06-12

Palmoplantar pustulosis (PPP) is a refractory, nonbacterial impetigo confined to the palms and soles. Its pathogenesis is still obscure, but it may be associated with the large eccrine sweat glands and pores of palmoplantar skin. PPP is considered to be a localized pustular psoriasis. Interleukin (IL)-8, IL-36γ and IL-36Ra play important roles in the pathogenesis of pustular psoriasis, but their role in PPP is unclear. To evaluate IL-8, IL-36γ and IL-36Ra expression in PPP, and their relationship with acrosyringia and pustule formation. mRNA expression was quantified in skin samples from patients with PPP (n = 7), patients with psoriasis vulgaris (PSV; n = 8) and healthy controls (HCs) (n = 6) by reverse-transcription-real-time PCR. Protein expression was characterized by immunohistochemistry (PPP, n = 17; PSV, n = 14; HCs, n = 12). Sweat ducts, including acrosyringia, were stained for epithelial membrane antigen (EMA). IL-8 mRNA and protein were markedly increased in PPP lesions compared with PSV lesions or HC skin. IL-36γ mRNA and protein were significantly more abundant in PPP lesions than in HC skin. IL-36Ra mRNA was significantly overexpressed in PPP lesions compared with HC skin, but there was no difference in IL-36Ra protein between PPP, PSV and HCs. IL-8 was abundantly expressed by neutrophils in PPP pustules, while IL36Ra was localized in the keratinocytes of PPP, PSV and HC skin. IL-36γ and EMA were colocalized in cells surrounding PPP pustules, and IL-36γ was also expressed in sweat duct cells in the dermis. IL-8, IL-36γ and IL-36Ra are overexpressed in PPP lesions. IL-8, IL-36γ and acrosyringia, rather than IL-36Ra, are associated with pustule formation in PPP. © 2018 British Association of Dermatologists.

Genome-wide association study of genetic variants in LPS-stimulated IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-1ra and TNF-α cytokine response in a Danish Cohort

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Larsen, Margit Hørup; Albrechtsen, Anders; Thørner, Lise Wegner

2013-01-01

Cytokine response plays a vital role in various human lipopolysaccharide (LPS) infectious and inflammatory diseases. This study aimed to find genetic variants that might affect the levels of LPS-induced interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-1ra and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α cytokine production....

Bouayed Anissa, L’art et l’Algérie insurgée. Les traces de l’épreuve : 1954-1962, ENAG Editions, 2005.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Karima Direche-Slimani

2006-10-01

Full Text Available Il est toujours difficile de rendre compte d’un livre d’art. Le choix des œuvres, les textes qui les accompagnent, la démarche de l’auteur, ont toujours une subjectivité qu’il est parfois malaisé d’expliciter dans une lecture de type académique. Mais l’ouvrage d’Anissa Bouayed n’est pas un énième livre d’art. Il est bien plus que cela. Le titre, déjà, annonce l’ambition de l’auteur. Celle de traiter la guerre d’Algérie à partir des productions artistiques des peintres internationaux et algéri...

Il danno alla persona del lavoratore: il mobbing orizzontale

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Riccardo Gentile

2011-12-01

Full Text Available Sommario:1. Il mobbing tra diritto civile e diritto del lavoro – 2. Il fenomeno mobbing: gli studi iniziali e la definizione – 3. Le concrete condotte integranti fattispecie di mobbing – 4. Onere della prova – 5. Il mobbing orizzontale – 6. L’elemento soggettivo di colpevolezza del da­tore di lavoro nella responsabilità ex art. 2087 c.c. per mobbing orizzontale

Associations of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF gene and cytokine (IL-1B, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, TNFA genes combinations with type 2 diabetes mellitus in women

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Vladimir Iosifovich Konenkov

2012-09-01

Full Text Available Aim. To study the association between vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF and cytokine (IL1B, IL4, IL6, IL10 and TNFAgene polymorphism combinations with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM in women. Materials and methods. 374 Caucasian women without carbohydrate metabolism disorders from 23 to 68 years of age and 212 womenwith T2DM from 28 to 69 years of age were included in the study. The combinations of polymorphism А-2578С, С+936Т in VEGFgene with polymorphism in IL1B С-31Т, IL4 С-590Т, IL6 G-174C, IL10 A-592C and А-1082G, TNFA А-238G, A-308G and A-863Cwere studied. Results. Analysis revealed 52 combined genetic variations with different rate of occurrence between diabetic and control groups(р

Une nouvelle articulation entre concurrence et agriculture pour renforcer la sécurité alimentaire et le droit à l'alimentation en Europe

OpenAIRE

Del Cont , Catherine

2013-01-01

6 pages; International audience; Le droit à l'alimentation et la sécurité alimentaire, bien que les Traités n'y fassent aucune référence explicite, sont au coeur de la construction européenne. Encore faut-il adopter des instruments juridiques et politiques prenant en considération la spécificité et la fonction sociale singulière de l'activité agricole. Il importe donc de concilier les deux grandes politiques communautaires, la politique agricole et la politique de concurrence.

RF link for Implanted Medical Devices (IMDs) and Sub-GHz Inductive Power Transmission

OpenAIRE

Diet , Antoine; Koulouridis , Satvros; Le Bihan , Yann; Luu , Quang-Trung; Meyer , Olivier; Pichon , Lionel; Biancheri-Astier , Marc

2017-01-01

International audience; Ce travail s'inscrit dan sune etude exploratoire sur les possibilités de télé-alimentation RF des implants médicaux et/ou de communication entre eux. En effet, la durée de fonctionnement de certains implants avec batterie rend leur utilisation critique car il ne faut pas privilégier une intervention chirurgicale lourde s'il est possible d'agir de manière non-invasive. La transmission d'énergie sans fil ou WPT (Wireless Power Transfer) est au cœur de nombreuses autres t...

Être humain, être dans la lune ?

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Augustin Berque

2010-09-01

Full Text Available L’ouvrage commence par une épigraphe de Heidegger : […] ce sont les structures constituant l’existence qu’il s’agit de dégager l’une après l’autre. L’ensemble que forment ces structures réunies, nous l’appelons l’existentialité. Son analytique a le caractère d’une entente non pas existentielle mais existentiale . « […] nicht eines existenziellen, sondern existenzialen Verstehens » (Heidegger, [1927] 1993, p. 12. Il faut en effet savoir, ce que nous ...

¿Comme il faut ? Sobre lo raro y sus múltiples puertas

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Hugo Achugar

2010-07-01

Full Text Available 0.Sobre puertasToda pregunta abre una puerta. También es cierto que a veces la propia pregunta cierra otras. En definitiva, según la pregunta –y también el sujeto de la misma– se abren determinadas puertas y se cierran otras. No se trata de una lógica binaria –abrir versus cerrar– sino de una especie de “efecto mariposa” o de un “efecto rizoma” que posibilita lecturas e identidades múltiples ; es decir, que habilita en el espacio de estas páginas : múltiples puertas.La pregunta inicial que mo...

¿Comme il faut ? Sobre lo raro y sus múltiples puertas

OpenAIRE

Achugar, Hugo

2012-01-01

0.Sobre puertasToda pregunta abre una puerta. También es cierto que a veces la propia pregunta cierra otras. En definitiva, según la pregunta –y también el sujeto de la misma– se abren determinadas puertas y se cierran otras. No se trata de una lógica binaria –abrir versus cerrar– sino de una especie de “efecto mariposa” o de un “efecto rizoma” que posibilita lecturas e identidades múltiples ; es decir, que habilita en el espacio de estas páginas : múltiples puertas.La pregunta inicial que mo...

Should we be scared of nuclear energy?; Faut-il avoir peur du nucleaire?

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Allegre, C.

2011-07-01

The recent accident of the Fukushima daiichi power plant has re-launched the nuclear debate in France. On the one hand, the nuclear power allows the French consumers to benefit by the cheapest electricity in Europe. On the other hand the undeniable accidents spread fears and doubts about the safety of nuclear facilities. Therefore, should we trust the scientists and technical specialists when they claim that the potential danger is weak? The author takes stock of the question without taboos or prejudices and supplies to us the scientific, technical, economical and political elements allowing anyone to make his own opinion based on reason and not on emotion or fear. (J.S.)

Jacques Le Goff. faut-il vraiment découper l’histoire en tranches?

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Abel López

2014-07-01

Full Text Available El primero de abril del 2014 murió Jacques Le Goff, el medievalista francés de mayor influencia dentro y fuera de Europa, de la llamada tercera generación de la Escuela de los Annales. En el mes de enero se publicó. este, su .último libro, recién cumplidos sus noventa años. Sea esta reseña un homenaje a sus valiosas contribuciones a la comprensión de la Edad Media.

The role of genetic variation across IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, and BDNF in antipsychotic-induced weight gain.

Science.gov (United States)

Fonseka, Trehani M; Tiwari, Arun K; Gonçalves, Vanessa F; Lieberman, Jeffrey A; Meltzer, Herbert Y; Goldstein, Benjamin I; Kennedy, James L; Kennedy, Sidney H; Müller, Daniel J

2015-01-01

Antipsychotics with high weight gain-inducing propensities influence the expression of immune and neurotrophin genes, which have been independently related to obesity indices. Thus, we investigated whether variants in the genes encoding interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-2, and IL-6 and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) Val66Met are associated with antipsychotic-induced weight gain (AIWG). Nineteen polymorphisms were genotyped using Taqman(®) assays in 188 schizophrenia patients on antipsychotic treatment for up to 14 weeks. Mean weight change (%) from baseline was compared across genotypic groups using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). Epistatic effects between cytokine polymorphisms and BDNF Val66Met were tested using Model-Based Multifactor Dimensionality Reduction. In European patients, IL-1β rs16944*GA (P = 0.013, Pcorrected = 0.182), IL-1β rs1143634*G (P = 0.001, Pcorrected = 0.014), and BDNF Val66Met (Val/Val, P = 0.004, Pcorrected = 0.056) were associated with greater AIWG, as were IL-1β rs4849127*A (P = 0.049, Pcorrected = 0.784), and IL-1β rs16944*GA (P = 0.012, Pcorrected = 0.192) in African Americans. BDNF Val66Met interacted with both IL-1β rs13032029 (Val/Met+ TT, PPerm = 0.029), and IL-6 rs2069837 (Val/Val+ AA, PPerm = 0.021) in Europeans, in addition to IL-1β rs16944 (Val/Val+ GA, PPerm = 0.006) in African Americans. SNPs across IL-1β and BDNF Val66Met may influence AIWG. Replication of these findings in larger, independent samples is warranted.

In vitro secretion profiles of interleukin (IL-1beta, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and TNF alpha after selective infection with Escherichia coli in human fetal membranes

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Maida-Claros Rolando

2007-12-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background Chorioamniotic membranes infection is a pathologic condition in which an abnormal secretion of proinflammatory cytokines halts fetal immune tolerance. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the functional response of human chorioamniotic membranes, as well as the individual contribution of the amnion and choriodecidua after stimulation with Escherichia coli, a pathogen associated with preterm labor. Methods Explants of chorioamniotic membranes from 10 women (37–40 weeks of gestation were mounted and cultured in a Transwell system, which allowed us to test the amnion and choriodecidua compartments independently. Escherichia coli (1 × 10 6 CFU/mL was added to either the amniotic or the choriodecidual regions or both; after a 24-h incubation, the secretion of IL-1beta, IL-6, TNFalpha, IL-8, and IL-10 in both compartments was measured using a specific ELISA. Data were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis one-way analysis of variance. Results After stimulation with Escherichia coli, the choriodecidua compartment showed an increase in the secretion of IL-1beta (21-fold, IL-6 (2-fold, IL-8 (6-fold, and IL-10 (37-fold, regardless of which side of the membrane was stimulated; TNFalpha secretion augmented (22-fold also but only when the stimulus was applied simultaneously to both sides. When the amnion was stimulated directly, the level of IL-1beta (13-fold rose significantly; however, the increase in IL-8 secretion was larger (20-fold, regardless of the primary site of infection. TNFalpha secretion in the amnion compartment rose markedly only when Escherichia coli was simultaneously applied to both sides. Conclusion Selective stimulation of fetal membranes with Escherichia coli results in a differential production of IL-1beta, IL-6, TNFalpha, IL-8, and IL-10. These tissues were less responsive when the amnion side was stimulated. This is in agreement with the hypothesis that the choriodecidua may play a primary role during an ascending

Feminist Debates on Civilian Women and International Humanitarian Law

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Valerie Oosterveld

2009-10-01

sont inadéquates, surannées et doivent être révisées. Une école de pensée soutient que l’obstacle principal à la protection de femmes civiles au cours d’hostilités est l’inobservation du DIH existant. Une deuxième école de pensée croit qu’il faut quelque chose de plus fondamental pour atteindre le but de protéger les femmes civiles pendant une guerre : la révision et la reconceptualisation du DIH pour tenir compte de l’inégalité systématique entre les sexes. Cet article examine l’état de ce débat dans trois domaines du DIH que plusieurs considèrent être des aspects légaux qui se situent au centre de l’expérience de femmes civiles prises dans un conflit armé : les dispositions générales contre la discrimination, la protection spécifique aux femmes civiles contre la violence sexuelle et la protection spécifique de femmes enceintes et de mères. On conclut que quoiqu’un débat animé ait été tenu au sein de cercles féministes en rapport avec la suffisance des dispositions existantes du DIH, l’action principale a eu tendance à être concentrée sur l’application de la loi. C’est malheureux, car cela signifie que certaines intuitions quant à l’impact sur le conflit d’inégalités profondes entre les sexes demeurent en grande partie inexplorées.

Il laser

CERN Document Server

Smith, William V

1974-01-01

Verso il 1960, il laser era ancora "una soluzione alla ricerca di un problema", ma fin dagli anni immediatamente successivi si è rivelato uno strumento insostituibile per le applicazioni più svariate.

Curcumin blocks interleukin (IL)-2 signaling in T-lymphocytes by inhibiting IL-2 synthesis, CD25 expression, and IL-2 receptor signaling

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Forward, Nicholas A.; Conrad, David M.; Power Coombs, Melanie R.; Doucette, Carolyn D.; Furlong, Suzanne J.; Lin, Tong-Jun; Hoskin, David W.

2011-01-01

Highlights: → Curcumin inhibits CD4 + T-lymphocyte proliferation. → Curcumin inhibits interleukin-2 (IL-2) synthesis and CD25 expression by CD4 + T-lymphocytes. → Curcumin interferes with IL-2 receptor signaling by inhibiting JAK3 and STAT5 phosphorylation. → IL-2-dependent regulatory T-lymphocyte function and Foxp3 expression is downregulated by curcumin. -- Abstract: Curcumin (diferulomethane) is the principal curcuminoid in the spice tumeric and a potent inhibitor of activation-induced T-lymphocyte proliferation; however, the molecular basis of this immunosuppressive effect has not been well studied. Here we show that micromolar concentrations of curcumin inhibited DNA synthesis by mouse CD4 + T-lymphocytes, as well as interleukin-2 (IL-2) and CD25 (α chain of the high affinity IL-2 receptor) expression in response to antibody-mediated cross-linking of CD3 and CD28. Curcumin acted downstream of protein kinase C activation and intracellular Ca 2+ release to inhibit IκB phosphorylation, which is required for nuclear translocation of the transcription factor NFκB. In addition, IL-2-dependent DNA synthesis by mouse CTLL-2 cells, but not constitutive CD25 expression, was impaired in the presence of curcumin, which demonstrated an inhibitory effect on IL-2 receptor (IL-2R) signaling. IL-2-induced phosphorylation of STAT5A and JAK3, but not JAK1, was diminished in the presence of curcumin, indicating inhibition of critical proximal events in IL-2R signaling. In line with the inhibitory action of curcumin on IL-2R signaling, pretreatment of CD4 + CD25 + regulatory T-cells with curcumin downregulated suppressor function, as well as forkhead box p3 (Foxp3) expression. We conclude that curcumin inhibits IL-2 signaling by reducing available IL-2 and high affinity IL-2R, as well as interfering with IL-2R signaling.

Structural Characterisation Reveals Mechanism of IL-13-Neutralising Monoclonal Antibody Tralokinumab as Inhibition of Binding to IL-13Rα1 and IL-13Rα2.

Science.gov (United States)

Popovic, B; Breed, J; Rees, D G; Gardener, M J; Vinall, L M K; Kemp, B; Spooner, J; Keen, J; Minter, R; Uddin, F; Colice, G; Wilkinson, T; Vaughan, T; May, R D

2017-01-20

Interleukin (IL)-13 is a pleiotropic T helper type 2 cytokine frequently associated with asthma and atopic dermatitis. IL-13-mediated signalling is initiated by binding to IL-13Rα1, which then recruits IL-4Rα to form a heterodimeric receptor complex. IL-13 also binds to IL-13Rα2, considered as either a decoy or a key mediator of fibrosis. IL-13-neutralising antibodies act by preventing IL-13 binding to IL-13Rα1, IL-4Rα and/or IL-13Rα2. Tralokinumab (CAT-354) is an IL-13-neutralising human IgG4 monoclonal antibody that has shown clinical benefit in patients with asthma. To decipher how tralokinumab inhibits the effects of IL-13, we determined the structure of tralokinumab Fab in complex with human IL-13 to 2 Å resolution. The structure analysis reveals that tralokinumab prevents IL-13 from binding to both IL-13Rα1 and IL-13Rα2. This is supported by biochemical ligand-receptor interaction assay data. The tralokinumab epitope is mainly composed of residues in helices D and A of IL-13. It is mostly light chain complementarity-determining regions that are driving paratope interactions; the variable light complementarity-determining region 2 plays a key role by providing residue contacts for a network of hydrogen bonds and a salt bridge in the core of binding. The key residues within the paratope contributing to binding were identified as Asp50, Asp51, Ser30 and Lys31. This study demonstrates that tralokinumab prevents the IL-13 pharmacodynamic effect by binding to IL-13 helices A and D, thus preventing IL-13 from interacting with IL-13Rα1 and IL-13Rα2. Copyright © 2016 AstraZeneca. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.

Association study of IL10 and IL23R-IL12RB2 in Iranian patients with Behçet's disease.

Science.gov (United States)

Xavier, Joana M; Shahram, Farhad; Davatchi, Fereydoun; Rosa, Alexandra; Crespo, Jorge; Abdollahi, Bahar Sadeghi; Nadji, Abdolhadi; Jesus, Gorete; Barcelos, Filipe; Patto, José Vaz; Shafiee, Niloofar Mojarad; Ghaderibarim, Fahmida; Oliveira, Sofia A

2012-08-01

Independent replication of the findings from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) remains the gold standard for results validation. Our aim was to test the association of Behçet's disease (BD) with the interleukin-10 gene (IL10) and the IL-23 receptor-IL-12 receptor β2 (IL23R-IL12RB2) locus, each of which has been previously identified as a risk factor for BD in 2 different GWAS. Six haplotype-tagging single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in IL10 and 42 in IL23R-IL12RB2 were genotyped in 973 Iranian patients with BD and 637 non-BD controls. Population stratification was assessed using a panel of 86 ancestry-informative markers. Subtle evidence of population stratification was found in our data set. In IL10, rs1518111 was nominally associated with BD before and after adjustment for population stratification (odds ratio [OR] for T allele 1.20, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.02-1.40, unadjusted P [P(unadj) ] = 2.53 × 10(-2) ; adjusted P [P(adj) ] = 1.43 × 10(-2) ), and rs1554286 demonstrated a trend toward association (P(unadj) = 6.14 × 10(-2) ; P(adj) = 3.21 × 10(-2) ). Six SNPs in IL23R-IL12RB2 were found to be associated with BD after Bonferroni correction for multiple testing, the most significant of which were rs17375018 (OR for G allele 1.51, 95% CI 1.27-1.78, P(unadj) = 1.93 × 10(-6) ), rs7517847 (OR for T allele 1.48, 95% CI 1.26-1.74, P(unadj) = 1.23 × 10(-6) ), and rs924080 (OR for T allele 1.29, 95% CI 1.20-1.39, P = 1.78 × 10(-5) ). SNPs rs10489629, rs1343151, and rs1495965 were also significantly associated with BD in all tests performed. Results of meta-analyses of our data combined with data from other populations further confirmed the role of rs1518111, rs17375018, rs7517847, and rs924080 in the risk of BD, but no epistatic interactions between IL10 and IL23R-IL12RB2 were detected. Results of imputation analysis highlighted the importance of IL23R regulatory regions in the susceptibility to BD. These findings independently confirm

Clinical significance of determination of changes in serum hs-CRP, IL-6, IL-10, and IL-18 levels after treatment in patients with acute conjunctivitis

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Liu Jun

2007-01-01

Objective: To study the clinical significance of changes of serum hs-CRP, IL-6, IL-10 and IL-18 levels in patients with acute conjunctivitis after treatment. Methods: Serum IL-6, IL-10 (with RIA) hs-CRP (with Immuno-turbidity) and IL-18 (with ELISA) levels were measured in 38 patients with acute conjunctivitis both before and after treatment as well as in 35 controls. Results: The serum hs-CRP, IL-6, IL-10 and IL-18 levels in the patients before treatment were significantly higher than those in the controls (P 0.05). Conclusion: Measurement of the changes of serum hs-CRP, IL-6, IL-10 and IL-18 levels after treatment might be inportant for outcome prediction in patients with acute conjunctivitis. (authors)

Publications | Page 112 | CRDI - Centre de recherches pour le ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Le sans fil, un outil de gestion des ressources au Mozambique. Au Mozambique, il faut aimer la solitude pour être garde forestier ou garde-chasse, un métier parfois dangereux. L'année dernière, par exemple, un garde-chasse a essuyé le feu d'un braconnier dans une nouvelle réserve naturelle de la.

Sud du Sahara | Page 153 | CRDI - Centre de recherches pour le ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

En Afrique, une adolescente sur dix s'absente de l'école ou abandonne ses études en raison des menstruations. Des chercheuses canadiennes ont découvert que des serviettes hygiéniques réutilisables sont pourtant tout ce qu'il leur faut. Read more about AFRIpads : la serviette anti-décrochage. Langue French. In Africa ...

Enzymes in Poultry and Swine Nutrition | CRDI - Centre de ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

L'utilisation d'enzymes comme additifs alimentaires pour animaux a pris une expansion rapide au cours de la dernière décennie. Même si les avantages économiques et sociaux des enzymes sont bien établis, il faut pousser les travaux de recherche et de développement si l'on veut que les enzymes réalisent leur plein ...

Agriculture et environnement | Page 3 | CRDI - Centre de ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

L'utilisation d'enzymes comme additifs alimentaires pour animaux a pris une expansion rapide au cours de la dernière décennie. Même si les avantages économiques et sociaux des enzymes sont bien établis, il faut pousser les travaux de recherche et de développement si l'on veut que les enzymes réalisent leur plein ...

Extrême-Orient | Page 102 | CRDI - Centre de recherches pour le ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

L'utilisation d'enzymes comme additifs alimentaires pour animaux a pris une expansion rapide au cours de la dernière décennie. Même si les avantages économiques et sociaux des enzymes sont bien établis, il faut pousser les travaux de recherche et de développement si l'on veut que les enzymes réalisent leur plein ...

MAQUETTE ORL Décembre 2004

African Journals Online (AJOL)

le cancer des VADS ainsi que ses thérapies, la recherche ... les cancers des VADS, il faut commencer très précocement avant même ... support should always be preferred. ... D'une manière générale, la tumeur se développe quelque .... patients pris en charge en ORL pour cancer des VADS .... Evaluation nutritionnelle.

Les faits,une arme contre

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

les anime. Les villages avoisinants s'en inspirent : neuf d'entre eux ont demandé des conseils pour aménager des potagers. Selon les habitants de Lilbouré, les autres veulent suivre leur exemple. Mais, rappelle leur porte-parole, le progrès a un coût : il faut s'organiser, participer aux réunions, verser ses cotisations, tenir ...

Le mythe du jeune désœuvré: analyse des interventions DDR en Côte d’Ivoire

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Chelpi-den Hamer, M.

2009-01-01

Les processus de prévention et de résolution des conflits sont en grande partie basés sur l’idée qu’un changement positif peut être induit par des interventions ciblées et planifiées. Il faut pourtant éviter de surestimer l’impact de telles interventions. Cet article explore comment de jeunes civils

Viron presidentti huolestui menneen ajan henkäyksistä / Ismo Nykänen

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Nykänen, Ismo

2008-01-01

Kokkuvõte president Toomas Hendrik Ilvese poolt Prantsusmaa ajalehele Le Monde antud intervjuust (Truc, Olivier. Pour le président estonien, "il faut repenser l'idée mệ̊me de sécurité en Europe". Le Monde, 29. aug. 2008). President on eriti mures sellepärast, et Gruusia kriisi tagajärjel on muutunud Euroopa julgeolekustruktuur.

Prise en charge des plaies du périnée en post partum: faut-il prescrire systématiquement un antibiotique?

Science.gov (United States)

Fouelifack, Florent Ymele; Eko, Filbert Eko; Ko’A, Claude Odile Vanessa Ebode; Fouedjio, Jeanne Hortence; Mbu, Robinson Enow

2017-01-01

Résumé Introduction L'intégrité des voies génitales n'est pas toujours respectée au cours de l'accouchement. Aucun protocole de prise en charge des plaies périnéales du post-partum (déchirures et épisiotomies) n'existant dans nos services, la prise en charge reste praticien dépendant. Nous avons entrepris cette étude dans le but d'établir l'intérêt de l'antibiotique dans le traitement des plaies périnéales du post-partum. Notre objectif était d'évaluer l'impact de l'antibioprophylaxie sur le processus de cicatrisation et dans la prévention des complications infectieuses après réparation. Méthodes Il s'agissait d'une étude de cohorte prospective sur une durée de 6 mois, soit du 1er janvier au 31 mai 2016, menée dans l'Unité de Gynécologie et Obstétriques de l'Hôpital Central de Yaoundé. Deux groupes A et B d'accouchées avec déchirure périnéale et/ou épisiotomie étaient suivies. Le groupe A était composé de 85 accouchées à qui on avait prescrit le protocole compresse imbibée de Bétadine® (placebo). Le groupe B (ou groupe test) était composé d'accouchées qui en plus du placebo, avaient la prescription d'un antibiotique (association 1000mg d'amoxicilline et 125mg d'acide clavulanique à raison de 1000mg 2fois par jour par voie orale pendant 05 jours). Les 2 groupes étaient suivis à J0, J2 et J9. Nos critères d'évaluation de la prise en charge étaient: la douleur, l'infection, la tuméfaction, la propreté de la plaies et le delai de cicatrisation complete. Les données étaient saisies et analysées à l'aide des logiciels Epidata analysis version 3.2 et STATA version 12.0 (Texas USA 2001). Les corrélations entre les variables étaient recherchées selon le cas par le chi carré, l'Odds ratio et avec la valeur de P (significatif pour toute valeur ≤ 0.05). Résultats La moyenne d'âge était de 26.32 ± 6.5 ans avec des extrêmes de 15 et 43 ans. Les primipares représentaient 55.9% de la population d'étude. La

IL-17 mediates immunopathology in the absence of IL-10 following Leishmania major infection.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Claudia Gonzalez-Lombana

2013-03-01

Full Text Available Leishmaniasis, resulting from infection with the protozoan parasite Leishmania, consists of a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations, from healing cutaneous lesions to fatal visceral infections. A particularly severe form of cutaneous leishmaniasis, termed mucosal leishmaniasis, exhibits decreased IL-10 levels and an exaggerated inflammatory response that perpetuates the disease. Using a mouse model of leishmaniasis, we investigated what cytokines contribute to increased pathology when IL-10-mediated regulation is absent. Leishmania major infected C57BL/6 mice lacking IL-10 regulation developed larger lesions than controls, but fewer parasites. Both IFN-γ and IL-17 levels were substantially elevated in mice lacking the capacity to respond to IL-10. IFN-γ promoted an increased infiltration of monocytes, while IL-17 contributed to an increase in neutrophils. Surprisingly, however, we found that IFN-γ did not contribute to increased pathology, but instead regulated the IL-17 response. Thus, blocking IFN-γ led to a significant increase in IL-17, neutrophils and disease. Similarly, the production of IL-17 by cells from leishmaniasis patients was also regulated by IL-10 and IFN-γ. Additional studies found that the IL-1 receptor was required for both the IL-17 response and increased pathology. Therefore, we propose that regulating IL-17, possibly by downregulating IL-1β, may be a useful approach for controlling immunopathology in leishmaniasis.

Interleukin-33 (IL-33): A nuclear cytokine from the IL-1 family.

Science.gov (United States)

Cayrol, Corinne; Girard, Jean-Philippe

2018-01-01

Interleukin-33 (IL-33) is a tissue-derived nuclear cytokine from the IL-1 family abundantly expressed in endothelial cells, epithelial cells and fibroblast-like cells, both during homeostasis and inflammation. It functions as an alarm signal (alarmin) released upon cell injury or tissue damage to alert immune cells expressing the ST2 receptor (IL-1RL1). The major targets of IL-33 in vivo are tissue-resident immune cells such as mast cells, group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) and regulatory T cells (Tregs). Other cellular targets include T helper 2 (Th2) cells, eosinophils, basophils, dendritic cells, Th1 cells, CD8 + T cells, NK cells, iNKT cells, B cells, neutrophils and macrophages. IL-33 is thus emerging as a crucial immune modulator with pleiotropic activities in type-2, type-1 and regulatory immune responses, and important roles in allergic, fibrotic, infectious, and chronic inflammatory diseases. The critical function of IL-33/ST2 signaling in allergic inflammation is illustrated by the fact that IL33 and IL1RL1 are among the most highly replicated susceptibility loci for asthma. In this review, we highlight 15 years of discoveries on IL-33 protein, including its molecular characteristics, nuclear localization, bioactive forms, cellular sources, mechanisms of release and regulation by proteases. Importantly, we emphasize data that have been validated using IL-33-deficient cells. © 2017 The Authors. Immunological Reviews Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

A Brief History of IL-1 and IL-1 Ra in Rheumatology

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jean-Michel Dayer

2017-05-01

Full Text Available The history of what, in 1979, was called interleukin-1 (IL-1, orchestrator of leukocyte inter-communication, began many years before then, initially by the observation of fever induction via the endogenous pyrogen (EP (1974 and then in rheumatology on the role in tissue destruction in rheumatoid diseases via the induction of collagenase and PGE2 in human synovial cells by a mononuclear cell factor (MCF (1977. Since then, the family has exploded to presently 11 members as well as many membrane-bound and soluble receptor forms. The discovery of a natural Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra in human biological fluids has highlighted the importance of IL-1 and IL-1Ra in human diseases. Evidence delineating its role in autoinflammatory syndromes and the elucidation of the macromolecular complex referred to as “inflammasome” have been instrumental to our understanding of the link with IL-1. At present, the IL-1blockade as therapeutic approach is crucial for many hereditary autoinflammatory diseases, as well as for adult-onset Still’s disease, crystal-induced arthropathies, certain skin diseases including neutrophil-triggered skin diseases, Behçet’s disease and deficiency of IL-1Ra and other rare fever syndromes. Its role is only marginally important in rheumatoid arthritis and is still under debate with regard to osteoarthritis, type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases and cancer. This brief historical review focuses on some aspects of IL-1, mainly IL-1β and IL-Ra, in rheumatology. There are many excellent reviews focusing on the IL-1 family in general or with regard to specific diseases or biological discoveries.

Hepatitis B virus induces IL-23 production in antigen presenting cells and causes liver damage via the IL-23/IL-17 axis.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Qinghong Wang

Full Text Available IL-23 regulates myriad processes in the innate and adaptive immune systems, and is a critical mediator of the proinflammatory effects exerted by Th17 cells in many diseases. In this study, we investigated whether and how hepatitis B virus (HBV causes liver damage directly through the IL-23 signaling pathway. In biopsied liver tissues from HBV-infected patients, expression of both IL-23 and IL-23R was remarkably elevated. In vivo observations also indicated that the main sources of IL-23 were myeloid dendritic cells (mDCs and macrophages. Analysis of in vitro differentiated immature DCs and macrophages isolated from healthy donors revealed that the HBV surface antigen (HBsAg efficiently induces IL-23 secretion in a mannose receptor (MR-dependent manner. Culture with an endosomal acidification inhibitor and the dynamin inhibitor showed that, upon binding to the MR, the HBsAg is taken up by mDCs and macrophages through an endocytosis mechanism. In contrast, although the HBV core antigen (HBcAg can also stimulate IL-23 secretion from mDCs, the process was MR- and endocytosis-independent. In addition, IL-23 was shown to be indispensible for HBsAg-stimulated differentiation of naïve CD4(+ T cells into Th17 cells, which were determined to be the primary source of IL-17 in HBV-infected livers. The cognate receptor, IL-17R, was found to exist on the hepatic stellate cells and mDCs, both of which might represent the potential target cells of IL-17 in hepatitis B disease. These data provide novel insights into a yet unrecognized mechanism of HBV-induced hepatitis, by which increases in IL-23 expression, through an MR/endocytosis-dependent or -independent manner, produce liver damage through the IL-23/IL-17 axis.

IL-25 or IL-17E protects against high-fat diet-induced hepatic steatosis in mice dependent upon IL-13 activation of STAT6

Science.gov (United States)

IL-25 is a member of IL-17 cytokine family and has immune-modulating activities. The role of IL-25 in maintaining lipid metabolic homeostasis remains unknown. Here, we investigated the effects of exogenous IL-25 or deficiency of IL-25 on lipid accumulation in the liver. Mice were injected with IL-25...

The IL-17F/IL-17RC Axis Promotes Respiratory Allergy in the Proximal Airways

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Antonella De Luca

2017-08-01

Full Text Available The interleukin 17 (IL-17 cytokine and receptor family is central to antimicrobial resistance and inflammation in the lung. Mice lacking IL-17A, IL-17F, or the IL-17RA subunit were compared with wild-type mice for susceptibility to airway inflammation in models of infection and allergy. Signaling through IL-17RA was required for efficient microbial clearance and prevention of allergy; in the absence of IL-17RA, signaling through IL-17RC on epithelial cells, predominantly by IL-17F, significantly exacerbated lower airway Aspergillus or Pseudomonas infection and allergic airway inflammation. In contrast, following infection with the upper respiratory pathogen Staphylococcus aureus, the IL-17F/IL-17RC axis mediated protection. Thus, IL-17A and IL-17F exert distinct biological effects during pulmonary infection; the IL-17F/IL-17RC signaling axis has the potential to significantly worsen pathogen-associated inflammation of the lower respiratory tract in particular, and should be investigated further as a therapeutic target for treating pathological inflammation in the lung.

Curcumin blocks interleukin (IL)-2 signaling in T-lymphocytes by inhibiting IL-2 synthesis, CD25 expression, and IL-2 receptor signaling

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Forward, Nicholas A.; Conrad, David M. [Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia (Canada); Power Coombs, Melanie R.; Doucette, Carolyn D. [Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia (Canada); Furlong, Suzanne J. [Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia (Canada); Lin, Tong-Jun [Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia (Canada); Department of Pediatrics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia (Canada); Hoskin, David W., E-mail: d.w.hoskin@dal.ca [Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia (Canada); Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia (Canada); Department of Surgery, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia (Canada)

2011-04-22

Highlights: {yields} Curcumin inhibits CD4{sup +} T-lymphocyte proliferation. {yields} Curcumin inhibits interleukin-2 (IL-2) synthesis and CD25 expression by CD4{sup +} T-lymphocytes. {yields} Curcumin interferes with IL-2 receptor signaling by inhibiting JAK3 and STAT5 phosphorylation. {yields} IL-2-dependent regulatory T-lymphocyte function and Foxp3 expression is downregulated by curcumin. -- Abstract: Curcumin (diferulomethane) is the principal curcuminoid in the spice tumeric and a potent inhibitor of activation-induced T-lymphocyte proliferation; however, the molecular basis of this immunosuppressive effect has not been well studied. Here we show that micromolar concentrations of curcumin inhibited DNA synthesis by mouse CD4{sup +} T-lymphocytes, as well as interleukin-2 (IL-2) and CD25 ({alpha} chain of the high affinity IL-2 receptor) expression in response to antibody-mediated cross-linking of CD3 and CD28. Curcumin acted downstream of protein kinase C activation and intracellular Ca{sup 2+} release to inhibit I{kappa}B phosphorylation, which is required for nuclear translocation of the transcription factor NF{kappa}B. In addition, IL-2-dependent DNA synthesis by mouse CTLL-2 cells, but not constitutive CD25 expression, was impaired in the presence of curcumin, which demonstrated an inhibitory effect on IL-2 receptor (IL-2R) signaling. IL-2-induced phosphorylation of STAT5A and JAK3, but not JAK1, was diminished in the presence of curcumin, indicating inhibition of critical proximal events in IL-2R signaling. In line with the inhibitory action of curcumin on IL-2R signaling, pretreatment of CD4{sup +}CD25{sup +} regulatory T-cells with curcumin downregulated suppressor function, as well as forkhead box p3 (Foxp3) expression. We conclude that curcumin inhibits IL-2 signaling by reducing available IL-2 and high affinity IL-2R, as well as interfering with IL-2R signaling.

Économies en réseaux | CRDI - Centre de recherches pour le ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Par exemple, l'analyse de données massives, l'intelligence artificielle et les technologies numériques comme les capteurs automatisent de plus en plus les économies. Toutefois, bien que cela puisse améliorer la productivité industrielle et créer une demande pour les emplois hautement qualifiés, il se peut également que ...

Lacrimal gland-derived IL-22 regulates IL-17-mediated ocular mucosal inflammation

Science.gov (United States)

Ji, Yong Woo; Mittal, Sharad K.; Hwang, Ho Sik; Chang, Eun-Ju; Lee, Joon H.; Seo, Yuri; Yeo, Areum; Noh, Hyemi; Lee, Hye Sun; Chauhan, Sunil K.; Lee, Hyung Keun

2016-01-01

Inflammatory damage of mucosal surface of the eye is a hallmark of dry eye disease (DED), and in severe cases can lead to significant discomfort, visual impairment, and blindness. DED is a multifactorial autoimmune disorder with a largely unknown pathogenesis. Using a cross-sectional patient study and a well-characterized murine model of DED, herein we investigated the immunoregulatory function of interleukin-22 (IL-22) in the pathogenesis of DED. We found that IL-22 levels were elevated in lacrimal fluids of DED patients and inversely correlated with severity of disease. Acinar cells of the lacrimal glands, not inflammatory immune cells, are the primary source of IL-22, which suppresses inflammation in ocular surface epithelial cells upon desiccating stress. Moreover, loss of function analyses using IL-22 knock-out mice demonstrated that IL-22 is essential for suppression of ocular surface infiltration of Th17 cells and inhibition of DED induction. Our novel findings elucidate immunoregulatory function of lacrimal gland-derived IL-22 in inhibiting IL-17-mediated ocular surface epitheliopathy in DED thus making IL-22 a new relevant therapeutic target. PMID:28051088

Extracellular Neutrophil Proteases Are Efficient Regulators of IL-1, IL-33, and IL-36 Cytokine Activity but Poor Effectors of Microbial Killing.

Science.gov (United States)

Clancy, Danielle M; Sullivan, Graeme P; Moran, Hannah B T; Henry, Conor M; Reeves, Emer P; McElvaney, Noel G; Lavelle, Ed C; Martin, Seamus J

2018-03-13

Neutrophil granule proteases are thought to function as anti-microbial effectors, cooperatively hydrolyzing microorganisms within phagosomes, or upon deployment into the extracellular space. However, evidence also suggests that neutrophil proteases play an important role in the coordination and escalation of inflammatory reactions, but how this is achieved has been obscure. IL-1 family cytokines are important initiators of inflammation and are typically released via necrosis but require proteolytic processing for activation. Here, we show that proteases liberated from activated neutrophils can positively or negatively regulate the activity of six IL-1 family cytokines (IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-33, IL-36α, IL-36β, and IL-36γ) with exquisite sensitivity. In contrast, extracellular neutrophil proteases displayed very poor bactericidal activity, exhibiting 100-fold greater potency toward cytokine processing than bacterial killing. Thus, in addition to their classical role as phagocytes, neutrophils play an important immunoregulatory role through deployment of their granule proteases into the extracellular space to process multiple IL-1 family cytokines. Copyright © 2018 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

The role of CD40L, IL-10 and IL-17 in radioprotection

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Li Ting

2003-01-01

CD40L/CD40 interaction is central to the control of thymus-dependent humoral immunity and cell mediated immune responses. IL-17 has been shown to induce the production of IL-6 and G-CSF, which can induce proliferation and differentiation of CD34 + hematopoietic progenitors. IL-10 can interfere with up-regulation of costimulatory molecules, thus suppressing the production of costimulatory cytokines, such as IL-12. IL-10 has been implicated as an essential mediator in the induction of systemic immune suppression following ultraviolet (UV) exposure. Treating UV-irradiated mice with anti-IL-10 blocks the induction of immune suppression

Role of the IL-12/IL-35 balance in patients with Sjögren syndrome.

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Fogel, Olivier; Rivière, Elodie; Seror, Raphaèle; Nocturne, Gaetane; Boudaoud, Saida; Ly, Bineta; Gottenberg, Jacques-Eric; Le Guern, Véronique; Dubost, Jean-Jacques; Nititham, Joanne; Taylor, Kimberly E; Chanson, Philippe; Dieudé, Philippe; Criswell, Lindsey A; Jagla, Bernd; Thai, Alice; Mingueneau, Michael; Mariette, Xavier; Miceli-Richard, Corinne

2017-09-12

An interferon signature is involved in the pathogenesis of primary Sjögren syndrome (pSS), but whether the signature is type 1 or type 2 remains controversial. Mouse models and genetic studies suggest the involvement of T H 1 and type 2 interferon pathways. Likewise, polymorphisms of the IL-12A gene (IL12A), which encodes for IL-12p35, have been associated with pSS. The IL-12p35 subunit is shared by 2 heterodimers: IL-12 and IL-35. We sought to confirm genetic association of the IL12A polymorphism and pSS and elucidate involvement of the IL-12/IL-35 balance in patients with pSS by using functional studies. The genetic study involved 673 patients with pSS from 2 French pSS cohorts and 585 healthy French control subjects. Functional studies were performed on sorted monocytes, irrespective of whether they were stimulated. IL12A mRNA expression and IL-12 and IL-35 protein levels were assessed by using quantitative RT-PCR and ELISA and a multiplex kit for IL-35 and IL-12, respectively. We confirmed association of the IL12A rs485497 polymorphism and pSS and found an increased serum protein level of IL-12p70 in patients with pSS carrying the risk allele (P = .016). Serum levels of IL-12p70 were greater in patients than control subjects (P = .0001), especially in patients with more active disease (P = .05); conversely, IL-35 levels were decreased in patients (P = .0001), especially in patients with more active disease (P = .05). In blood cellular subsets both IL12p35 and EBV-induced gene protein 3 (EBI3) mRNAs were detected only in B cells, with a trend toward a lower level among patients with pSS. Our findings emphasize involvement of the IL-12/IL-35 balance in the pathogenesis of pSS. Serum IL-35 levels were associated with low disease activity, in contrast with serum IL-12p70 levels, which were associated with more active disease. Copyright © 2017 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

IL-2 absorption affects IFN-gamma and IL-5, but not IL-4 producing memory T cells in double color cytokine ELISPOT assays.

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Quast, Stefan; Zhang, Wenji; Shive, Carey; Kovalovski, Damian; Ott, Patrick A; Herzog, Bernhard A; Boehm, Bernhard O; Tary-Lehmann, Magdalena; Karulin, Alexey Y; Lehmann, Paul V

2005-09-01

Cytokine assays are gaining increasing importance for human immune monitoring because they reliably detect antigen-specific T cells in primary PBMC, even at low clonal sizes. Double color ELISPOT assays permit the simultaneous visualization of cells producing two different cytokines. Permitting the simultaneous assessment of type 1 and 2 immunity and due to the limited numbers of PBMC available from human study subjects, double color assays should be particularly attractive for clinical trials. Since the performance of double color assays has not yet been validated, we set out to compare them to single color measurements. Testing the recall antigen-induced cytokine response of PBMC, we found that double color assays regularly provided lower numbers of IFN-gamma and IL-5 spots than single color measurements when IL-2 detection was part of the double color assay. We showed that the inhibitory effect resulted from IL-2 absorption and could be overcome by either antibody free preactivation cultures or by inclusion of anti-CD28 antibody. In contrast, the simultaneous detection of IL-2 did not affect the numbers of IL-4 spots. Therefore, unlike IL-2/IL-4 and IFN-gamma/IL-5 assays, IL-2/IFN-gamma, and IL-2/IL-5 assays require compensation for the IL-2 capture to provide accurate numbers for the frequencies of cytokine producing memory T cells.

Clinical significance of determination of semen plasma IL-2, IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α contents in infertile males

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sun Baoyi; Li Jun; Zhang Jiyun

2004-01-01

Objective: To explore the influence of high semen plasma contents of the cytokines (IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α) on male fertility. Methods: Semen plasma levels of IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α were determined with RIA in 126 infertile and 20 fertile males. Results: Semen plasma contents of the 4 cytokines in infertile subjects were significantly higher than those in fertile ones (p 4/HP, n=15) had significantly higher contents of cytokines than those without leucocytospermia (WBC<4/HP, n=111). Besides, TNF-α contents in subjects with lower sperm activity and less motility rate as well as IL-8 contents in subjects with less sperm motility rate were both significantly higher than those in subjects with more normal sperms (p<0.01, p<0.05). Conclusion: High semen plasma cytokines contents represent existing local infection and enhanced auto-immune status, both damaging to sperms. Infertility would be the inevitable consequence. Monitoring of changes of the cytokine contents should be a part of fertility studies

L'uranium et les armes a l'uranium appauvri

CERN Document Server

Roussel, P

2001-01-01

Selon la presse, dans la guerre des Balkans et bien plus massivement dans la guerre du Golfe, des obus anti- chars ont ete utilises, avec des "charges d'uranium appauvri". La presse a decrit deux types de ces "obus- crayons", l'un de diametre 30 mm et 300 mm de long, avec une charge de 300 g d'uranium et tire par des avions, l'autre de 120 mm de diametre avec une charge de 1 a 5 Kg d'uranium, tire par des chars et donc peu ou pas utilise au Kosovo. Les commentaires ont ete varies. On a parle d'armes atomiques, on a dit que c'etait completement inoffensif ou au contraire tres dangereux. Les elements d'information qui suivent tentent d'eclairer le probleme, car on va montrer que probleme il y a, avec des donnees incontournables. Mais faute d'une enquete approfondie et faute d'informations precises, on conclura aussi avec des questions. Il a semble utile egalement de decrire quelques-unes des realites de la radioactivite et de parler du role particulier de l'uranium 238 pour notre planete.

Systèmes coutumiers, centralisme juridique de l'Etat et usages du droit

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Baudouin Dupret

2000-01-01

Full Text Available Il est de notoriété qu'au Yémen la justice coutumière est encore active, prépondérante, voire exclusive dans certaines régions. Pourtant, il existe peu de travaux la prenant pour objet et tâchant de mesurer l'impact de la construction étatique ­ et de son corollaire, l'instauration d'une justice civile centralisée ­ sur cette justice. Ce n'est pas tant que la recherche anthropologique se soit désintéressée du Yémen, loin s'en faut. Il suffit, à cet égard, de citer les travaux de Serjea...

Increased IL-20 and IL-24 target osteoblasts and synovial monocytes in spondyloarthritis

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Kragstrup, Tue Wenzel; Andersen, Morten Nørgaard; Schiøttz-Christensen, Berit

2017-01-01

The pathogenesis of spondyloarthritis (SpA) involves activation of the innate immune system, inflammation and new bone formation. The two cytokines interleukin (IL)-20 and IL-24 have been shown to link innate immune activation and tissue homeostasis. We hypothesized that these two cytokines...... are secreted as part of activation of the innate immune system and affect bone homeostasis in SpA. IL-20 and IL-24 were measured in plasma from axial SpA patients (n = 83). Peripheral SpA patients (n = 16) were included for in-vitro cell culture studies. The plasma IL-20 and IL-24 levels were increased in Sp...

[Correlation of serum IL-16, IL-18 levels and immunoglobulins in children with asthma].

Science.gov (United States)

Xue, Yi-Nan; Zou, Xian-De; Wu, Jia-Ling

2006-02-01

This study examined the changes of serum levels of interleukin (IL)-16, IL-18 and immunoglobulins and the correlation of serum IL-16, IL-18 levels and immunoglobulins in children with asthma and aimed to explore the role of IL-16, IL-18 and immunoglobulins in the pathogenesis of asthma. Thirty-four children with asthma and 21 age and gender-matched healthy children were enrolled in this study. The levels of IL-16, IL-18 and immunoglobulin E (IgE) were determined using ELISA. Immunoglobulin G (IgG), immunoglobulin M (IgM) and immunoglobulin A (IgA) were detected by immunoturbidimetry. The levels of IL-16, IL-18 and IgE in patients with asthma at both acute attack and convalescence stages were significantly higher than those in healthy controls. An increased IgG and a decreased IgA levels were found in asthmatic patients at the acute attack stage. There was a positive correlation between the IL-16 and IL-18 levels at both acute attack and convalescence stages of asthma (r=0.70, P attack stage of asthma (r=0.624, P asthma. The immunologic imbalance exists in children with asthma at both acute attack and convalescence stages. Anti-allergic therapy should be administered through the acute attack to the convalescence stages of asthma.

Commensal bacteria and MAMPs are necessary for stress-induced increases in IL-1β and IL-18 but not IL-6, IL-10 or MCP-1.

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Thomas Maslanik

Full Text Available Regular interactions between commensal bacteria and the enteric mucosal immune environment are necessary for normal immunity. Alterations of the commensal bacterial communities or mucosal barrier can disrupt immune function. Chronic stress interferes with bacterial community structure (specifically, α-diversity and the integrity of the intestinal barrier. These interferences can contribute to chronic stress-induced increases in systemic IL-6 and TNF-α. Chronic stress, however, produces many physiological changes that could indirectly influence immune activity. In addition to IL-6 and TNF-α, exposure to acute stressors upregulates a plethora of inflammatory proteins, each having unique synthesis and release mechanisms. We therefore tested the hypothesis that acute stress-induced inflammatory protein responses are dependent on the commensal bacteria, and more specifically, lipopolysaccharide (LPS shed from Gram-negative intestinal commensal bacteria. We present evidence that both reducing commensal bacteria using antibiotics and neutralizing LPS using endotoxin inhibitor (EI attenuates increases in some (inflammasome dependent, IL-1 and IL-18, but not all (inflammasome independent, IL-6, IL-10, and MCP-1 inflammatory proteins in the blood of male F344 rats exposed to an acute tail shock stressor. Acute stress did not impact α- or β- diversity measured using 16S rRNA diversity analyses, but selectively reduced the relative abundance of Prevotella. These findings indicate that commensal bacteria contribute to acute stress-induced inflammatory protein responses, and support the presence of LPS-mediated signaling in stress-evoked cytokine and chemokine production. The selectivity of the commensal bacteria in stress-evoked IL-1β and IL-18 responses may implicate the inflammasome in this response.

Influence of the IL-1Ra gene polymorphism on in vivo synthesis of IL-1Ra and IL-1beta after live yellow fever vaccination.

Science.gov (United States)

Hacker, U T; Erhardt, S; Tschöp, K; Jelinek, T; Endres, S

2001-09-01

The inflammatory response in infectious and autoimmune diseases is regulated by the balance between pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. The IL-1 complex contains polymorphic genes coding for IL-1alpha, IL-1beta and IL-1Ra. The IL-1Ra (variable number of tanden repeat) VNTR polymorphism has been shown to influence the capacity to produce IL-1beta and IL-1Ra after in vitro stimulation. Allele 2 of this polymorphism is associated with a number of inflammatory diseases. To determine the impact of the IL-1Ra polymorphism on in vivo human cytokine synthesis, we used a yellow fever vaccination model for the induction of cytokine synthesis in healthy volunteers. Two different yellow fever vaccines were used. After administration of the RKI vaccine (34 volunteers), plasma TNF-alpha concentration increased from 13.4 +/- 0.9 pg/ml to 23.3 +/- 1.1 pg/ml (P < 0.001), and plasma IL-1Ra concentration increased from 308 +/- 25 pg/ml to 1019 +/- 111 pg/ml (P < 0.001), on day 2. Using Stamaril vaccine, no increase in the plasma concentrations of either TNF-alpha or IL-1Ra could be detected (n = 17). Only the RKI vaccine induced TNF-alpha synthesis after in vitro stimulation of MNC. Carriers of allele 2 of the IL-1Ra polymorphism had increased baseline concentrations of IL-1Ra (350 +/- 32 pg/ml) compared with non-carriers (222 +/- 18 pg/ml, P < 0.001), and decreased concentrations of IL-1beta (0.9 +/- 0.2 pg/ml for carriers versus 2.8 +/- 0.7 pg/ml for non-carriers, P = 0.017). After yellow fever vaccination (RKI vaccine), no significant differences in the increase of IL-1Ra plasma levels were detected between carriers and non-carriers of allele 2 of the IL-1Ra gene polymorphism. This is the first study to examine the influence of this genetic polymorphism on in vivo-induced human IL-1beta and IL-1Ra synthesis. Baseline concentrations of IL-1Ra and IL-1beta were significantly influenced by the IL-1Ra polymorphism. No influence of the IL-1Ra polymorphism on the in vivo

IL-15 deficient tax mice reveal a role for IL-1α in tumor immunity.

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Daniel A Rauch

Full Text Available IL-15 is recognized as a promising candidate for tumor immunotherapy and has been described as both a promoter of cancer and a promoter of anti-cancer immunity. IL-15 was discovered in cells transformed by HTLV-1, the etiologic agent of adult T cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL and the human retrovirus that carries the Tax oncogene. We have developed the TAX-LUC mouse model of ATL in which Tax expression drives both malignant transformation and luciferase expression, enabling non-invasive imaging of tumorigenesis in real time. To identify the role of IL-15 in spontaneous development of lymphoma in vivo, an IL-15(-/- TAX-LUC strain was developed and examined. The absence of IL-15 resulted in aggressive tumor growth and accelerated mortality and demonstrated that IL-15 was not required for Tax-mediated lymphoma but was essential for anti-tumor immunity. Further analysis revealed a unique transcriptional profile in tumor cells that arise in the absence of IL-15 that included a significant increase in the expression of IL-1α and IL-1α-regulated cytokines. Moreover, anti-IL-1α antibodies and an IL-1 receptor antagonist (Anakinra were used to interrogate the potential of IL-1α targeted therapies in this model. Taken together, these findings identify IL-15 and IL-1α as therapeutic targets in lymphoma.

Pro-inflammatory signaling by IL-10 and IL-22: bad habit stirred up by interferons ?

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Heiko eMühl

2013-02-01

Full Text Available Interleukin (IL-10 and IL-22 are key members of the IL-10 cytokine family that share characteristic properties such as defined structural features, usage of IL-10R2 as one receptor chain, and activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT-3 as dominant signaling mode. IL-10, formerly known as cytokine synthesis inhibitory factor, is key to deactivation of monocytes/macrophages and dendritic cells. Accordingly, pre-clinical studies document its anti-inflammatory capacity. However, the outcome of clinical trials assessing the therapeutic potential of IL-10 in prototypic inflammatory disorders has been disappointing. In contrast to IL-10, IL-22 acts primarily on non-leukocytic cells, in particular epithelial cells of intestine, skin, liver, and lung. STAT3-driven proliferation, anti-apoptosis, and anti-microbial tissue protection is regarded a principal function of IL-22 at host/environment interfaces. In this hypothesis article, hidden/underappreciated pro-inflammatory characteristics of IL-10 and IL-22 are outlined and related to cellular priming by type I interferon. It is tempting to speculate that an inherent inflammatory potential of IL-10 and IL-22 confines their usage in tissue protective therapy and beyond that determines in some patients efficacy of type I interferon treatment.

Expression of IL-8, IL-6 and IL-1β in Tears as a Main Characteristic of the Immune Response in Human Microbial Keratitis

Science.gov (United States)

Santacruz, Concepcion; Linares, Marisela; Garfias, Yonathan; Loustaunau, Luisa M.; Pavon, Lenin; Perez-Tapia, Sonia Mayra; Jimenez-Martinez, Maria C.

2015-01-01

Corneal infections are frequent and potentially vision-threatening diseases, and despite the significance of the immunological response in animal models of microbial keratitis (MK), it remains unclear in humans. The aim of this study was to describe the cytokine profile of tears in patients with MK. Characteristics of ocular lesions such as size of the epithelial defect, stromal infiltration, and hypopyon were analyzed. Immunological evaluation included determination of interleukine (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in tear samples obtained from infected eyes of 28 patients with MK and compared with their contralateral non-infected eyes. Additionally, frequency of CD4+, CD8+, CD19+ and CD3−CD56+ cells was also determined in peripheral blood mononuclear cells in patients with MK, and compared with 48 healthy controls. Non-significant differences were observed in the size of the epithelial defect, stromal infiltration, and hypopyon. Nevertheless, we found an immunological profile apparently related to MK etiology. IL-8 > IL-6 in patients with bacterial keratitis; IL-8 > IL-6 > IL-1β and increased frequency of circulating CD3−CD56+ NK cells in patients with gram-negative keratitis; and IL-8 = IL-6 > IL-1β in patients with fungal keratitis. Characterization of tear cytokines from patients with MK could aid our understanding of the immune pathophysiological mechanisms underlying corneal damage in humans. PMID:25741769

IL-10 and IL-27 producing dendritic cells capable of enhancing IL-10 production of T cells are induced in oral tolerance.

Science.gov (United States)

Shiokawa, Aya; Tanabe, Kosuke; Tsuji, Noriko M; Sato, Ryuichiro; Hachimura, Satoshi

2009-06-30

Oral tolerance is a key feature of intestinal immunity, generating systemic tolerance to ingested antigens (Ag). Dendritic cells (DC) have been revealed as important immune regulators, however, the precise role of DC in oral tolerance induction remains unclear. We investigated the characteristics of DC in spleen, mesenteric lymph node (MLN), and Peyer's patch (PP) after oral Ag administration in a TCR-transgenic mouse model. DC from PP and MLN of tolerized mice induced IL-10 production but not Foxp3 expression in cocultured T cells. IL-10 production was markedly increased after 5-7-day Ag administration especially in PP DC. On the other hand, IL-27 production was increased after 2-5-day Ag administration. CD11b(+) DC, which increased after ingestion of Ag, prominently expressed IL-10 and IL-27 compared with CD11b(-) DC. These results suggest that IL-10 and IL-27 producing DC are increased by interaction with antigen specific T cells in PP, and these DC act as an inducer of IL-10 producing T cells in oral tolerance.

IL-7 Induces an Epitope Masking of γc Protein in IL-7 Receptor Signaling Complex

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Tae Sik Goh

2017-01-01

Full Text Available IL-7 signaling via IL-7Rα and common γ-chain (γc is necessary for the development and homeostasis of T cells. Although the delicate mechanism in which IL-7Rα downregulation allows the homeostasis of T cell with limited IL-7 has been well known, the exact mechanism behind the interaction between IL-7Rα and γc in the absence or presence of IL-7 remains unclear. Additionally, we are still uncertain as to how only IL-7Rα is separately downregulated by the binding of IL-7 from the IL-7Rα/γc complex. We demonstrate here that 4G3, TUGm2, and 3E12 epitope masking of γc protein are induced in the presence of IL-7, indicating that the epitope alteration is induced by IL-7 binding to the preassembled receptor core. Moreover, the epitope masking of γc protein is inversely correlated with the expression of IL-7Rα upon IL-7 binding, implying that the structural alteration of γc might be involved in the regulation of IL-7Rα expression. The conformational change in γc upon IL-7 binding may contribute not only to forming the functional IL-7 signaling complex but also to optimally regulating the expression of IL-7Rα.

IL-7 Induces an Epitope Masking of γc Protein in IL-7 Receptor Signaling Complex

Science.gov (United States)

Goh, Tae Sik; Jo, Yuna; Lee, Byunghyuk; Kim, Geona; Hwang, Hyunju; Ko, Eunhee; Kang, Seung Wan; Oh, Sae-Ock; Baek, Sun-Yong; Yoon, Sik; Lee, Jung Sub

2017-01-01

IL-7 signaling via IL-7Rα and common γ-chain (γc) is necessary for the development and homeostasis of T cells. Although the delicate mechanism in which IL-7Rα downregulation allows the homeostasis of T cell with limited IL-7 has been well known, the exact mechanism behind the interaction between IL-7Rα and γc in the absence or presence of IL-7 remains unclear. Additionally, we are still uncertain as to how only IL-7Rα is separately downregulated by the binding of IL-7 from the IL-7Rα/γc complex. We demonstrate here that 4G3, TUGm2, and 3E12 epitope masking of γc protein are induced in the presence of IL-7, indicating that the epitope alteration is induced by IL-7 binding to the preassembled receptor core. Moreover, the epitope masking of γc protein is inversely correlated with the expression of IL-7Rα upon IL-7 binding, implying that the structural alteration of γc might be involved in the regulation of IL-7Rα expression. The conformational change in γc upon IL-7 binding may contribute not only to forming the functional IL-7 signaling complex but also to optimally regulating the expression of IL-7Rα. PMID:28127156

Élaboration et diffusion de diagnostics peu coûteux et sur support ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

L'éclosion du virus Zika montre qu'il faut pouvoir élaborer, analyser et diffuser rapidement et à faible coût des diagnostics à l'intention des régions exposées à cette menace pandémique. Soit que les examens diagnostiques actuels sont coûteux et inaccessibles dans les endroits où la surveillance de Zika est la plus ...

Case report

African Journals Online (AJOL)

raoul

21 déc. 2011 ... Abstract. La thrombasthenie de Glanzmann est une anomalie plaquettaire qualitative, à transmission autosomale récessive, due à un déficit en glycoprotéine. IIb/IIIa (GPIIb/IIIa), avec un défaut d'agrégation plaquettaire. Il en résulte une perturbation de l'hémostase primaire, à l'origine d'hémorragie plus.

Entretien avec Shafika Isaacs sur la transformation de l'éducation en ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

4 févr. 2011 ... Aujourd'hui, beaucoup de gouvernements parlent de stratégies macroéconomiques ainsi que de stratégies de l'éducation et du perfectionnement des ressources humaines. Nous pensons qu'il faut tenir compte, dans l'élaboration de ces stratégies, du rôle que peuvent jouer les TIC dans l'amélioration de ...

CONTROLE DES CENTRES F+ DANS LES COUCHES MINCES D’OXYDE DE ZINC

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A DJELLOUL

2000-12-01

Il est établi que la concentration des lacunes  peut être régulée à la limite de l’ordre deux pour des températures ne dépassant pas 980 K. Au-delà de cette température, se crée un autre type de défaut dans les couches de ZnO, qui est le zinc interstitiel.

Agriculture et forêts au secours du climat

OpenAIRE

Locatelli , Bruno

2010-01-01

National audience; L‘agriculture et la forêt doivent s‘adapter au changement climatique. Mais l‘une et l‘autre permettent d’atténuer ce changement. Pour conjuguer efficacement adaptation et atténuation, il faut savoir concilier la réponse aux enjeux globaux et la prise en compte des contraintes du développement local. Les défis sont autant politiques que scientifiques.

Comment rendre les villes plus sûres

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

qui travaillent à l'initiative Villes sûres et inclusives font la lumière sur ce qui fonctionne – et ne fonctionne pas – pour rendre les villes plus sûres. Le présent compte rendu comporte certains enseignements tirés de leur travail, ainsi que les lacunes dans les connaissances et les domaines où il faut poursuivre la recherche.

Complications du traitement traditionnel des fractures : à propos de ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Introduction : La médecine moderne, comme celle traditionnelle, concourt au rétablissement du bien être physique, mental et social. Au Sénégal comme ailleurs ces deux médecines se pratiquent à tous les niveaux. Faut-il établir un rapport de nécessité entre les deux ou mettre une nette séparation ; chacune évoluant pour ...

Culture de planification fondée sur des données probantes au Nigeria

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

se demandent quelle est la meilleure façon de donner suite aux constatations obtenues en partie grâce à leur participation. Culture de planification fondée sur des données probantes au Nigeria. Il faut de la volonté politique pour proposer et exécuter des projets en vue de renforcer les systèmes de santé… et du courage.

Thomas Edison, le magicien de Menlo Park la vie lumineuse d'un inventeur insatiable

CERN Document Server

Reyners, Benjamin; Klein-Scholz, Christelle

2015-01-01

Découvrez enfin tout ce qu'il faut savoir sur Thomas Edison et ses inventions en moins d'une heure ! Inventeur de génie, Thomas Edison est aussi l'un des plus prolifiques de tous les temps. Pourtant, rien ne laissait présager un tel destin... Peu scolarisé, il est d'abord vendeur de journaux à 12 ans, puis télégraphiste à 15, avant de devenir l'un des meilleurs ingénieurs de Wall Street à seulement 22 ans. Il ne cesse dès lors d'accumuler les succès. Doté d'une curiosité insatiable et passionné depuis l'enfance par les expériences en tous genres, il crée coup sur coup les plus grandes inventio

IL-17-producing NKT cells depend exclusively on IL-7 for homeostasis and survival.

Science.gov (United States)

Webster, K E; Kim, H-O; Kyparissoudis, K; Corpuz, T M; Pinget, G V; Uldrich, A P; Brink, R; Belz, G T; Cho, J-H; Godfrey, D I; Sprent, J

2014-09-01

Natural killer T (NKT) cells are innate-like T cells that rapidly recognize pathogens and produce cytokines that shape the ensuing immune response. IL-17-producing NKT cells are enriched in barrier tissues, such as the lung, skin, and peripheral lymph nodes, and the factors that maintain this population in the periphery have not been elucidated. Here we show that NKT17 cells deviate from other NKT cells in their survival requirements. In contrast to conventional NKT cells that are maintained by IL-15, RORγt(+) NKT cells are IL-15 independent and instead rely completely on IL-7. IL-7 initiates a T-cell receptor-independent (TCR-independent) expansion of NKT17 cells, thus supporting their homeostasis. Without IL-7, survival is dramatically impaired, yet residual cells remain lineage committed with no downregulation of RORγt evident. Their preferential response to IL-7 does not reflect enhanced signaling through STAT proteins, but instead is modulated via the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. The ability to compete for IL-7 is dependent on high-density IL-7 receptor expression, which would promote uptake of low levels of IL-7 produced in the non-lymphoid sites of lung and skin. This dependence on IL-7 is also reported for RORγt(+) innate lymphoid cells and CD4(+) Th17 cells, and suggests common survival requirements for functionally similar cells.

A la recherche du développement socialement durable: concepts fondamentaux et principes de base

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jérôme Ballet

2004-06-01

Full Text Available Le développement est considéré comme durable lorsqu’il permet aux générations actuelles de satisfaire à leurs besoins sans compromettre la capacité des générations futures à satisfaire les leurs. Il faut pour cela que les générations futures détiennent au moins autant de ressources, sous la forme de capital ou de potentialités diverses, que la génération actuelle. Lorsqu’on considère la dimension sociale du développement durable, se pose alors la question du transfert des acquis ou potentialités d’une génération à l’autre. Ces potentialités prennent de multiples formes: capital humain (éducation, santé, capital social (liens sociaux, capacité à utiliser les potentialités disponibles, etc. Plus généralement, la durabilité sociale du développement demande d’aborder les conditions d’une transmission équitable des "capacités à faire et à être" (plus simplement "capabilités" d’une génération à l’autre. On attend donc d’un développement socialement durable qu’il protège les potentialités, renforce les capacités d’une génération donnée, et facilite leur transfert à la génération suivante. Cela implique d’examiner ce qui empêche la constitution de potentialités (trappes à pauvreté, l’amélioration des capacités (exclusion sociale et vulnérabilité et la transmission inter-générationnelle (inégalités. Dès lors, dans le cadre d’une éthique de la responsabilité, des principes de précaution sociale adéquats pourraient guider l’élaboration des politiques publiques.Sustainable development allows the current generation to satisfy its needs without compromising the capacity of future generations to satisfy theirs. This implies that future generations should have in hand at least as many resources, in terms of capital or various potentialities, than the current generation. The social dimension of sustainable development raises the issue of transmitting social assets

Einstein une biographie dessinée

CERN Document Server

Maier, Corinne

2015-01-01

« Je m'appelle Albert Einstein. En voulant comprendre l'univers, j'ai libéré des forces de destruction terrifiantes. Mais il faut continuer à chercher le grand secret du cosmos. » Albert Einstein (1879-1955) est un immense génie devenu, sans le vouloir, une star de la science. Avec ses théories de la relativité restreinte puis de la relativité générale, il a radicalement transformé nos vies. Voici le récit de son existence passionnée et de ses contributions fondamentales.

Notre top 9 des films anglophones de 2015

OpenAIRE

Roche, David; Souladié, Vincent

2016-01-01

Il y a eu beaucoup de bons films au cours de cette année 2015, mais peu de grands films. L’an dernier, certains des longs-métrages présentés ci-dessous n’auraient sans doute pas figuré dans notre liste. Quelques cinéastes de renom ont réalisé des films tout à fait honorables : avec Bridge of Spies (Le Pont des espions, USA/Allemagne), Steven Spielberg prolonge les questionnements juridico-éthiques de Saving Private Ryan (Il faut sauver le soldat Ryan, 1998) et de Lincoln (2012) à travers une ...

Soutien organisationnel de la phase 2 de l'Initiative Think tank ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Il s'efforce d'améliorer la capacité des organismes financés à produire des recherches rigoureuses, susceptibles à la fois d'éclairer et d'influencer les politiques. La deuxième phase de l'ITT (2014-2019) permettra de financer 43 institutions. Cela les aidera à consolider leur rôle d'acteurs du développement crédibles dans ...

L'information et la technologie au service de la sécurité alimentaire ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

4 juil. 2014 ... Il est difficile de prendre de bonnes décisions lorsqu'on n'a pas l'information utile. Cela est particulièrement vrai pour les agriculteurs des régions du monde soumises à un stress hydrique. Les habitants du corridor du bétail en Ouganda avaient l'habitude de s'appuyer sur le savoir traditionnel pour prendre ...

Assurer la sécurité alimentaire et hydrique dans le bassin de l'Indus ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

4 juil. 2014 ... À la lumière de tout cela, quelques questions importantes méritent réflexion : Quelles répercussions ces changements ont-ils sur les agriculteurs et sur la productivité agricole ? Les solutions d'adaptation ont‑elles des incidences différentes sur les hommes et les femmes ? Le cas échéant, quelles sont ces ...

Il paesaggio dell’architettura

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Paolo Zermani

2015-11-01

Full Text Available l saggio si articola come un’itinerario tra alcuni progetti italiani proposti come “occasioni di applicazione di un modo d’intendere l’architettura nel rapporto con il paesaggio smarrito, che cambia, ma potrebbe custodire ancora i valori di ciò che Heidegger definiva il “soggiorno”: la riconoscibilità intesa come misura”. Le architetture, come strumenti di conoscenza dello spazio, entrano nel paesaggio per diventarne speciali “misuratori”.Partendo dai luoghi del paesaggio padano, Noceto, con il Nuovo Municipio, con la minimale Cappella della Madonna, con il Padiglione privato, e Varano, con la Casa dal grande occhio spalancato sul bosco, alle terre umbre, con la Chiesa ed il Centro Parrocchiale di Perugia ed il Cimitero di Sansepolcro, si propone un percorso di ricerca di una identità dell’architettura italiana contemporanea nella dimensione paesaggistica. 

Il Bosone di Higgs

CERN Multimedia

Hemmer, Sabine

2018-01-01

Poster di ATLAS sul bosone di Higgs indirizzato al pubblico generico, che spiega il meccanismo di Brout-Englert-Higgs e la sua importanza. Spiega anche il ruolo del Bosone di Higgs, come viene cercato, il percorso della sua scoperta e cosa viene dopo la scoperta. Disponibile anche in Francese (http://cds.cern.ch/record/1697501) e Inglese (http://cds.cern.ch/record/1697389). Non esitate a utilizzarlo nelle sedi dei vostri Istituti e negli eventi divulgativi! Il poster è in formato A0. Cliccate sull'immagine per scaricare il .pdf ad alta qualità e stamparlo dove preferite. Per qualisasi domanda o commento potete contattare atlas-outreach-coordination@cern.ch

Aspirin induces IL-4 production: augmented IL-4 production in aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease

Science.gov (United States)

Kong, Su-Kang; Soo Kim, Byung; Gi Uhm, Tae; Soo Chang, Hun; Sook Park, Jong; Woo Park, Sung; Park, Choon-Sik; Chung, Il Yup

2016-01-01

Aspirin hypersensitivity is a hallmark of aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD), a clinical syndrome characterized by the severe inflammation of the respiratory tract after ingestion of cyclooxygenase-1 inhibitors. We investigated the capacity of aspirin to induce interleukin-4 (IL-4) production in inflammatory cells relevant to AERD pathogenesis and examined the associated biochemical and molecular pathways. We also compared IL-4 production in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from patients with AERD vs aspirin-tolerant asthma (ATA) upon exposure to aspirin. Aspirin induced IL-4 expression and activated the IL-4 promoter in a report assay. The capacity of aspirin to induce IL-4 expression correlated with its activity to activate mitogen-activated protein kinases, to form DNA–protein complexes on P elements in the IL-4 promoter and to synthesize nuclear factor of activated T cells, critical transcription factors for IL-4 transcription. Of clinical importance, aspirin upregulated IL-4 production twice as much in PBMCs from patients with AERD compared with PBMCs from patients with ATA. Our results suggest that IL-4 is an inflammatory component mediating intolerance reactions to aspirin, and thus is crucial for AERD pathogenesis. PMID:27534531

Mauro Canali, Le spie del regime ; Mimmo Franzinelli I tentacoli dell’OVRA ; Mimmo Franzinelli, Delatori. Spie e confidenti anonimi : l’arma segreta del regime fascista

OpenAIRE

Bertilotti, Paola

2012-01-01

Aussi paradoxal que cela puisse paraître, l’historiographie a longtemps laissé de côté l’analyse des structures répressives du régime fasciste. Pourtant, comme le faisait remarquer Mauro Canali dans l’introduction à son ouvrage consacré à l’affaire Matteotti (Il delitto Matteotti. Affarismo e politica nel primo governo Mussolini, Bologne, Il Mulino, 1997), le débat qui a agité la recherche italienne dès les années 1970 autour de la question du consensus suscité par le régime avait nécessairem...

Optimisation combinatoire Theorie et algorithmes

CERN Document Server

Korte, Bernhard; Fonlupt, Jean

2010-01-01

Ce livre est la traduction fran aise de la quatri me et derni re dition de Combinatorial Optimization: Theory and Algorithms crit par deux minents sp cialistes du domaine: Bernhard Korte et Jens Vygen de l'universit de Bonn en Allemagne. Il met l accent sur les aspects th oriques de l'optimisation combinatoire ainsi que sur les algorithmes efficaces et exacts de r solution de probl mes. Il se distingue en cela des approches heuristiques plus simples et souvent d crites par ailleurs. L ouvrage contient de nombreuses d monstrations, concises et l gantes, de r sultats difficiles. Destin aux tudia

IL-6 Improves Energy and Glucose Homeostasis in Obesity via Enhanced Central IL-6 trans-Signaling.

Science.gov (United States)

Timper, Katharina; Denson, Jesse Lee; Steculorum, Sophie Marie; Heilinger, Christian; Engström-Ruud, Linda; Wunderlich, Claudia Maria; Rose-John, Stefan; Wunderlich, F Thomas; Brüning, Jens Claus

2017-04-11

Interleukin (IL)-6 engages similar signaling mechanisms to leptin. Here, we find that central application of IL-6 in mice suppresses feeding and improves glucose tolerance. In contrast to leptin, whose action is attenuated in obesity, the ability of IL-6 to suppress feeding is enhanced in obese mice. IL-6 suppresses feeding in the absence of neuronal IL-6-receptor (IL-6R) expression in hypothalamic or all forebrain neurons of mice. Conversely, obese mice exhibit increased soluble IL-6R levels in the cerebrospinal fluid. Blocking IL-6 trans-signaling in the CNS abrogates the ability of IL-6 to suppress feeding. Furthermore, gp130 expression is enhanced in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVH) of obese mice, and deletion of gp130 in the PVH attenuates the beneficial central IL-6 effects on metabolism. Collectively, these experiments indicate that IL-6 trans-signaling is enhanced in the CNS of obese mice, allowing IL-6 to exert its beneficial metabolic effects even under conditions of leptin resistance. Copyright © 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

IL-6 Improves Energy and Glucose Homeostasis in Obesity via Enhanced Central IL-6 trans-Signaling

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Katharina Timper

2017-04-01

Full Text Available Interleukin (IL-6 engages similar signaling mechanisms to leptin. Here, we find that central application of IL-6 in mice suppresses feeding and improves glucose tolerance. In contrast to leptin, whose action is attenuated in obesity, the ability of IL-6 to suppress feeding is enhanced in obese mice. IL-6 suppresses feeding in the absence of neuronal IL-6-receptor (IL-6R expression in hypothalamic or all forebrain neurons of mice. Conversely, obese mice exhibit increased soluble IL-6R levels in the cerebrospinal fluid. Blocking IL-6 trans-signaling in the CNS abrogates the ability of IL-6 to suppress feeding. Furthermore, gp130 expression is enhanced in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVH of obese mice, and deletion of gp130 in the PVH attenuates the beneficial central IL-6 effects on metabolism. Collectively, these experiments indicate that IL-6 trans-signaling is enhanced in the CNS of obese mice, allowing IL-6 to exert its beneficial metabolic effects even under conditions of leptin resistance.

Diagnostic value of combined determination of serum and chest fluid adenosine deaminase (ADA), IL-2, IL-6, IL-10 contents for differentiation of tuberculous from malignant pleural effusion

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wu Jiaming; Wang Limin

2005-01-01

Objective: To investigate the possible diagnostic value of combined determination of serum and chest fluid contents of ADA, IL-2, IL-6, IL-10 in patients with tuberculous and malignant pleural effusion. Methods: Serum and chest fluid ADA (with biochemical method), IL-2, IL-6, IL-10 (with ELISA) contents were measured in 56 patients with tuberculosis pleural effusion, 53 patients with malignant effusion and 30 controls (in serum only). The receiving operative characteristic (ROC) curve for each parameter was analyzed for study of respective area under curse (Auc). Results: The serum IL-6 levels in both groups of patients were significantly higher than those in the controls (P<0.05). The chest fluid contents of ADA, IL-2, IL-6 and IL-10 in patients with tuberculous effusion were all significantly higher than those in patients with malignancies (P<0.05). The Auc in the ROC was largest in the case of ADA, followed by IL-10, IL-6 with IL-2 the least. Conclusion: Determination of chest fluid ADA, IL-2, IL-6, IL-10 contents was helpful in the differentiation of tuberculous from malignant pleural effusion. Combined determination of chest fluid ADA and IL-10 provided the highest accuracy rate for differentional diagnosis. (authors)

25-Hydroxyvitamin D, IL-31, and IL-33 in Children with Allergic Disease of the Airways

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Anna Bonanno

2014-01-01

Full Text Available Low vitamin D is involved in allergic asthma and rhinitis. IL-31 and IL-33 correlate with Th2-associated cytokines in allergic disease. We investigated whether low vitamin D is linked with circulating IL-31 and IL-33 in children with allergic disease of the airways. 25-Hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH Vit D], IL-31, and IL-33 plasma levels were measured in 28 controls (HC, 11 allergic rhinitis (AR patients, and 35 allergic asthma with rhinitis (AAR patients. We found significant lower levels of 25(OH Vit D in AR and in AAR than in HC. IL-31 and IL-33 plasma levels significantly increased in AAR than HC. IL-31 and IL-33 positively correlated in AR and AAR. 25(OH Vit D deficient AAR had higher levels of blood eosinophils, exacerbations, disease duration, and total IgE than patients with insufficient or sufficient 25(OH Vit D. In AAR 25(OH Vit D levels inversely correlated with total allergen sIgE score and total atopy index. IL-31 and IL-33 did not correlate with 25(OH Vit D in AR and AAR. In conclusion, low levels of 25(OH Vit D might represent a risk factor for the development of concomitant asthma and rhinitis in children with allergic disease of the airways independently of IL-31/IL-33 Th2 activity.

Il colore delle cose

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Vincenzo Vitiello

2017-09-01

Full Text Available Tema di questo saggio è l’operare della riflessione. Vitiello, dopo essersi soffermato sulla «frattura» tra la riflessione (il «vedersi» e il suo operare in Valéry, si concentra sul processo, descritto da Hegel nella Fenomenologia dello spirito, dell’esperienza della coscienza che s’eleva a coscienza dell’esperienza. La conclusione è fortemente critica: Hegel fallisce la mèta nel punto stesso in cui la raggiunge. Infatti nel sapere assoluto, nella visione compiuta, perfetta di sé, della luce che vede luce, viene meno proprio l’esperienza della coscienza, il suo divenire, la sua «imperfezione». La critica a Hegel, passando attraverso Nietzsche, si amplia a critica del linguaggio, in particolare del linguaggio dell’«essere» e  dell’«è», e delle tautologie heideggeriane quali «das Ereignis ereignet», «das Ding dingt», «die Welt weltet». Un importante passaggio del testo è quello sul linguaggio teatrale in cui la parola sembra riacquistare il legame originale tra la voce e il gesto, che tuttavia restano divisi, perché proprio il medio che li lega, il «colore» della parola, è «fuori» della parola e del gesto. Resta la parola dell’agire, dei pragmata, in cui il fare si espone nella sua modalità più propria: nell’immediatezza del patire: il grido di dolore; o nella mediatezza riflessiva dell’imperativo morale: Handle! I due opposti «colori» delle cose.

Counterbalancing of TH2-driven allergic airway inflammation by IL-12 does not require IL-10.

Science.gov (United States)

Tournoy, K G; Kips, J C; Pauwels, R A

2001-03-01

Asthma is characterized by allergen-induced airway inflammation orchestrated by TH2 cells. The TH1-promoting cytokine IL-12 is capable of inhibiting the TH2-driven allergen-induced airway changes in mice and is therefore regarded as an interesting strategy for treating asthma. The antiallergic effects of IL-12 are only partially dependent of IFN-gamma. Because IL-12 is a potent inducer of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10, the aim of the present study was to investigate in vivo whether the antiallergic effects of IL-12 are mediated through IL-10. C57BL/6J-IL-10 knock-out (IL-10(-/-)) mice were sensitized intraperitoneally to ovalbumin (OVA) and subsequently exposed from day 14 to day 21 to aerosolized OVA (1%). IL-12 was administered intraperitoneally during sensitization, subsequent OVA exposure, or both. IL-12 inhibited the OVA-induced airway eosinophilia, despite the absence of IL-10. Moreover, a shift from a TH2 inflammatory pattern toward a TH1 reaction was observed, with concomitant pronounced mononuclear peribronchial inflammation after IL-12 treatment. Allergen-specific IgE synthesis was completely suppressed only when IL-12 was administered along with the allergen sensitization. Furthermore, treating the animals with IL-12 at the time of the secondary allergen challenge resulted not only in a significant suppression of the airway responsiveness but also in an important IFN-gamma-associated toxicity. These results indicate that IL-12 is able to inhibit allergen-induced airway changes, even in the absence of IL-10. In addition, our results raise concerns regarding the redirection of TH2 inflammation by TH1-inducing therapies because treatment with IL-12 resulted not only in a disappearance of the TH2 inflammation but also in a TH1-driven inflammatory pulmonary pathology.

[Cytokines and malaria. A study of TNF-alpha, IL1-beta, IL6 and IL2R in 28 patients].

Science.gov (United States)

Nicolas, P; Hovette, P; Merouze, F; Touze, J E; Martet, G

1994-01-01

Authors have studied TNF alpha, IL1 bêta, IL6 and RIL2s in 28 malaria illness patients. Increased levels of TNF, IL1 bêta and RIL2s in serum, are observed on admission to hospital. These cytokine levels are decreased, eight days later, after patients are treated. In discussion, TNF levels as a prognosis component is evocated.

Profile of IL-2, IL-4, IL-10, IFN- ? , TNF- ? and KC-like cytokines in pregnant bitches

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

M.A.R. Feliciano

2014-08-01

Full Text Available The aim of this study was to determine the profile of IL-2, IL-4, IL-10, IFN-γ, and TNF-α cytokines and KC-like cells (natural killer in pregnant bitches, unpublished values for the species. A total of 27 females of the Shi Tzu, Pug, English Bulldog and French breeds, weighing 4-20kg and aged 4-6 years were used. Blood samples were collected from bitches during the anestrous and on the 2nd, 5th, 6th, 7th and 8th week of pregnancy. Serum levels of cytokines were measured by panel MILLIPLEX MAP (CCYTO-90K, MILLIPORE, Billerica, Massachusetts, USA validated for dogs. Twenty four females showed physiological pregnancy and three bitches showed pathological pregnancy. There was no difference between cytokine values during anestrous and gestational weeks of bitches (P>0.05. However, it was possible to verify the physiological behavior of serum levels during modulation of immune response in the gestational process of animals. In animals with gestational disorders, abnormal values for IL-2, IL-4 and INF-y were noted. It was concluded that serum levels of cytokines evaluated in pregnant bitches can help the better understanding of physiological and pathological gestational processes and correlated immunology in this species.

Cytokine vaccination: neutralising IL-1alpha autoantibodies induced by immunisation with homologous IL-1alpha

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Svenson, M; Hansen, M B; Thomsen, Allan Randrup

2000-01-01

with IL-1alpha coupled to purified protein derivative of tuberculin (PPD). Both unprimed and primed animals developed IgG aAb to IL-1alpha. These aAb persisted at high levels more than 100 days after vaccination and did not cross-react with murine IL-1beta. The induced anti-IL-1alpha aAb inhibited binding...... in mice by vaccination with recombinant murine IL-1alpha conjugated to PPD. Studies of the effects of IL-1alpha aAb in such animals may help clarify the importance of naturally occurring IL-1alpha aAb in humans and permit the evaluation of future therapies with cytokine aAb in patients...

Clinical value of determination of changes of serum Gas, IL-2, IL-10 and IL-18 levels after transfusion of Red blood cells in patients with peptic ulcer

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Liu Tingting; Li Xinghua

2011-01-01

Objective: To investigation the changes of serum Gas, IL-2, IL-10 and IL-18 contents after transfusion of red blood cells in patients with peptic ulcer. Methods: Serum Gas, IL-2, IL-10 (with RIA), serum IL-18 (with ELISA) levels were measured in 31 patients with peptic ulcer and 35 controls. Results: Before transfusion,the serum IL-2 level in the patients was significantly lower than that in controls (P 0.05). Conclusion: Detection of serum Gas, IL-2, IL-10 and IL-18 levels is clinically useful for monitoring progress and favourable prognosis of patients with peptic ulcer possess important clinical value. (authors)

Clinical significance of determination of changes of EPS IL-1β, IL-2, IL-10 and LDH5/LDH1 levels in patients with chronic prostatitis

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Chen Yongchang

2009-01-01

Objective: To investigate the clinical significance of the changes of expressed prostatic secretion IL-1β, IL-2, IL-10 and LDH5/LDH1 levels in patients with chronic prostatitis. Methods: Expressed prostatic secretion IL-1β, IL-2, IL-10 (with Radioimmunoassay) and LDH5/LDH1 (with cellulose acetate membrane electrophoresis) levels were determined in 32 patients with chronic prostatitis and 35 controls. These 32 patients were of 3 groups: 1)chronic bacterial prostatitis (CBP, n=10) 2) chronic pelvic pain syndrome IIIA (CPPS IIIA n=9) 3) CPPSIIIB n=13. Results: Expressed prostatic secretion levels of IL-1β, IL-2 and LDH5/LDH1 were significantly higher in patients with chronic bacterial prostatitis (CBP) groups than those in controls (all P 0.05). But the expressed prostatic secretion levels of IL-10 were still significantly lower in patients with chronic nonbacterial prostatitis, chronic pelvic pain syndrome(CPPSIIIB) groups than those in controls (all P<0.05). Conclusion: There were changes of expressed prostatic secretion IL-1β, IL-2, IL-10 and LDH5/LDH1 levels in patients with chronic prostatitis. Combined determination of the expressed prostatic secretion 4 markers levels is valuable for the diagnosis of chronic prostatitis and CPPSIII and for differentiation of CPPSIII types. (authors)

Endogenous IL-1 in cognitive function and anxiety: a study in IL-1RI-/- mice.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Carol L Murray

Full Text Available Interleukin-1 (IL-1 is a key pro-inflammatory cytokine, produced predominantly by peripheral immune cells but also by glia and some neuronal populations within the brain. Its signalling is mediated via the binding of IL-1α or IL-1β to the interleukin-1 type one receptor (IL-1RI. IL-1 plays a key role in inflammation-induced sickness behaviour, resulting in depressed locomotor activity, decreased exploration, reduced food and water intake and acute cognitive deficits. Conversely, IL-1 has also been suggested to facilitate hippocampal-dependent learning and memory: IL-1RI(-/- mice have been reported to show deficits on tasks of visuospatial learning and memory. We sought to investigate whether there is a generalised hippocampal deficit in IL-1RI(-/- animals. Therefore, in the current study we compared wildtype (WT mice to IL-1RI(-/- mice using a variety of hippocampal-dependent learning and memory tasks, as well as tests of anxiety and locomotor activity. We found no difference in performance of the IL-1RI(-/- mice compared to WT mice in a T-maze working memory task. In addition, the IL-1RI(-/- mice showed normal learning in various spatial reference memory tasks including the Y-maze and Morris mater maze, although there was a subtle deficit in choice behaviour in a spatial discrimination, beacon watermaze task. IL-1RI(-/- mice also showed normal memory for visuospatial context in the contextual fear conditioning paradigm. In the open field, IL-1RI(-/- mice showed a significant increase in distance travelled and rearing behaviour compared to the WT mice and in the elevated plus-maze spent more time in the open arms than did the WT animals. The data suggest that, contrary to prior studies, IL-1RI(-/- mice are not robustly impaired on hippocampal-dependent memory and learning but do display open field hyperactivity and decreased anxiety compared to WT mice. The results argue for a careful evaluation of the roles of endogenous IL-1 in hippocampal

Faut-il brûler les dictionnaires ? Ou comment les ressources numériques ont révolutionné les recherches en morphologie

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Namer Fiammetta

2012-07-01

Full Text Available Pour mener leurs études, les morphologues, et, singulièrement parmi eux, ceux qui traitent du lexique construit, sont pris entre deux tensions : utiliser les données issues des dictionnaires, réputées fiables parce que passées au travers du crible de l’institutionnalisation, ou se fonder sur des données authentiques, produites dans des situations écologiques. Bien qu’inspirant encore de la défiance, le Web devient alors la ressource par excellence. Les ressources numérisées telles que les archives de journaux ou les bases de données de textes littéraires constituent un moyen terme entre ces deux pratiques : elles permettent d’effectuer des recherches basées sur l’usage, tout en offrant la garantie d’une certaine tenue linguistique de la part des scripteurs, la plupart du temps identifiables. Dans cette communication, nous nous demanderons si les dictionnaires méritent la confiance que continuent de leur octroyer les morphologues ou, plus exactement, si une morphologie qui puise ses données dans les seuls dictionnaires peut encore avoir cours au 21e siècle. Pour engager cette discussion, nous commencerons par poser la question de l’existence, pour un lexème construit. Nous exposerons ensuite ce que constitue une morphologie basée sur l’usage, puis donnerons un aperçu des types de recherches que permettent de réaliser les ressources non dictionnairiques. La conclusion sera que, si les dictionnaires continuent d'avoir droit de cité dans la panoplie du morphologue, une morphologie uniquement basée sur les données qu'ils contiennent passerait outre de nombreuses recherches, plus fructueuses les unes que les autres.

Elevated levels of circulating IL-18BP and perturbed regulation of IL-18 in schizophrenia

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Palladino Ilaria

2012-08-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background The pleiotropic pro-inflammatory cytokine Interleukin (IL-18 has been proposed to play a role in schizophrenia, since elevated circulating levels of its protein and altered frequencies of genetic variants in its molecular system are reported in schizophrenic patients. Methods We analyzed 77 patients with schizophrenia diagnosis (SCZ and 77 healthy control subjects (HC for serum concentration of both IL-18 and its natural inhibitor, the IL-18 binding protein (IL-18BP. Results We confirmed that serum levels of total IL-18 are significantly increased in SCZ, as compared to HC. However, due to a highly significant increase in levels of circulating IL-18BP in SCZ, as compared to HC, the levels of free, bioactive IL-18 are not significantly different between the two groups. In addition, the relationships between the levels of IL-18 and its inhibitor, as well as between the two molecules and age appear dissimilar for SCZ and HC. In particular, the elevated levels of IL-18BP, likely a consequence of the body’s attempt to counteract the early prominent inflammation which characterizes schizophrenia, are maintained in earlier and later stages of the disease. However, the IL-18BP elevation appears ineffective to balance the IL-18 system in younger SCZ patients, while in older patients the levels of circulating bioactive IL-18 are comparable to those of HC, if not lower. Conclusions In conclusion, these findings indicate that the IL-18 system is perturbed in schizophrenia, supporting the idea that this pro-inflammatory cytokine might be part of a pathway of genetic and environmental components for vulnerability to the disease.

IL-36γ Is a Strong Inducer of IL-23 in Psoriatic Cells and Activates Angiogenesis

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Charlie Bridgewood

2018-02-01

Full Text Available The IL-1 family member cytokine IL-36γ is recognised as key mediator in the immunopathology of psoriasis, hallmarks of which involve the activation of both resident and infiltrating inflammatory myeloid cells and aberrant angiogenesis. This research demonstrates a role for IL-36γ in both myeloid activation and angiogenesis. We show that IL-36γ induces the production of psoriasis-associated cytokines from macrophages (IL-23 and TNFα and that this response is enhanced in macrophages from psoriasis patients. This effect is specific for IL-36γ and could not be mimicked by other IL-1 family cytokines such as IL-1α. IL-36γ was also demonstrated to induce endothelial tube formation and branching, in a VEGF-A-dependent manner. Furthermore, IL-36γ-stimulated macrophages potently activated endothelial cells and led to increased adherence of monocytes, effects that were markedly more pronounced for psoriatic macrophages. Interestingly, regardless of stimulus, psoriasis monocytes showed increased adherence to both the stimulated and unstimulated endothelium when compared with monocytes from healthy individuals. Collectively, these findings show that IL-36γ has the potential to enhance endothelium directed leucocyte infiltration into the skin and strengthen the IL-23/IL-17 pathway adding to the growing evidence of pathogenetic roles for IL-36γ in psoriatic responses. Our findings also point to a cellular response, which could potentially explain cardiovascular comorbidities in psoriasis in the form of endothelial activation and increased monocyte adherence.

IL-36γ Is a Strong Inducer of IL-23 in Psoriatic Cells and Activates Angiogenesis.

Science.gov (United States)

Bridgewood, Charlie; Fearnley, Gareth W; Berekmeri, Anna; Laws, Philip; Macleod, Tom; Ponnambalam, Sreenivasan; Stacey, Martin; Graham, Anne; Wittmann, Miriam

2018-01-01

The IL-1 family member cytokine IL-36γ is recognised as key mediator in the immunopathology of psoriasis, hallmarks of which involve the activation of both resident and infiltrating inflammatory myeloid cells and aberrant angiogenesis. This research demonstrates a role for IL-36γ in both myeloid activation and angiogenesis. We show that IL-36γ induces the production of psoriasis-associated cytokines from macrophages (IL-23 and TNFα) and that this response is enhanced in macrophages from psoriasis patients. This effect is specific for IL-36γ and could not be mimicked by other IL-1 family cytokines such as IL-1α. IL-36γ was also demonstrated to induce endothelial tube formation and branching, in a VEGF-A-dependent manner. Furthermore, IL-36γ-stimulated macrophages potently activated endothelial cells and led to increased adherence of monocytes, effects that were markedly more pronounced for psoriatic macrophages. Interestingly, regardless of stimulus, psoriasis monocytes showed increased adherence to both the stimulated and unstimulated endothelium when compared with monocytes from healthy individuals. Collectively, these findings show that IL-36γ has the potential to enhance endothelium directed leucocyte infiltration into the skin and strengthen the IL-23/IL-17 pathway adding to the growing evidence of pathogenetic roles for IL-36γ in psoriatic responses. Our findings also point to a cellular response, which could potentially explain cardiovascular comorbidities in psoriasis in the form of endothelial activation and increased monocyte adherence.

IL-2/anti-IL-2 mAb immunocomplexes: A renascence of IL-2 in cancer immunotherapy?

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Tomala, Jakub; Kovář, Marek

2016-01-01

Roč. 5, č. 3 (2016), e1102829 ISSN 2162-402X R&D Projects: GA ČR GA13-12885S; GA MŠk(CZ) ED1.1.00/02.0109 Institutional support: RVO:61388971 Keywords : Anti-IL-2 mAb * cancer immunotherapy * IL-2 Subject RIV: EE - Microbiology, Virology Impact factor: 7.719, year: 2016

A comparison of blood and cerebrospinal fluid cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-18, TNF-α in neonates with perinatal hypoxia

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Darinka Šumanović-Glamuzina

2017-08-01

Full Text Available Perinatal hypoxia-ischemia is a specific and important pathological event in neonatal care practice. The data on relationship between the concentrations of cytokines in blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF and perinatal brain injury are scarce. The aim of this study is to evaluate changes in interleukin (IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-18 and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α levels in newborns with perinatal hypoxia (PNH. CSF and serum samples of 35 term and near-term (35-40 weeks newborns with PNH, at the age of 3-96 hours, were analyzed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Control group consisted of 25 non-asphyxic/non-hypoxic infants of the same age sampled for clinically suspected perinatal meningitis, but proven negative and healthy otherwise. The cytokine values in CSF and serum samples were determined in relation to initial hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE staged according the Sarnat/Sarnat method, and compared with neurological outcome at 12 months of age estimated using Amiel-Tison procedure. The concentrations of IL-6 and TNF-α in serum of PNH patients were significantly higher compared to control group (p = 0.0407 and p = 0.023, respectively. No significant difference between average values of cytokines in relation to the stage of HIE was observed. Significantly higher levels of IL-6 and IL-18 corresponded to a mildly abnormal neurological outcome, while higher levels of IL-6 and TNF-α corresponded to a severely abnormal neurological outcome, at 12 months of age. Elevated serum levels of IL-6 and TNF-α better corresponded with hypoxia/ischemia compared to CSF values, within 96 hours of birth. Also, higher serum levels of IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-18 corresponded better with abnormal neurological outcome at 12 months of age, compared to CSF values.

Blood concentrations of the cytokines IL-1beta, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma during experimentally induced swine dysentery

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Jensen-Waern Marianne

2008-08-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background Knowledge of the cytokine response at infection with Brachyspira hyodysenteriae can help understanding disease mechanisme involved during swine dysentery. Since this knowledge is still limited the aim of the present study was to induce dysentery experimentally in pigs and to monitor the development of important immunoregulatory cytokines in blood collected at various stages of the disease. Methods Ten conventional pigs (~23 kg were orally inoculated with Brachyspira hyodysenteriae B204T. Eight animals developed muco-haemorrhagic diarrhoea with impaired general body condition. Blood was sampled before inoculation and repeatedly during acute dysentery and recovery periods and cytokine levels of IL-1β, IL-6, Il-10, TNF-α and IFN-γ were measured by ELISA. Results IL-1β was increased at the beginning of the dysentery period and coincided with the appearance of Serum amyloid A and clinical signs of disease. TNF-α increased in all animals after inoculation, with a peak during dysentery, and IL-6 was found in 3 animals during dysentery and in the 2 animals that did not develop clinical signs of disease. IL-10 was found in all sick animals during the recovery period. IFN-γ was not detected on any occasion. Conclusion B. hyodysenteriae inoculation induced production of systemic levels of IL-1β during the dysentery period and increased levels of IL-10 coincided with recovery from dysentery.

Il secondo principio

CERN Document Server

Atkins, Peter W

1988-01-01

L'asimmetria della Natura ; l'indicatore di una trasformazione ; scivolando verso il caos ; la quantificazione del caos ; la potenzialità del caos ; le trasformazioni del caos ; il dominio della temperatura ; caos costtrutivo ; le strutture del caos.

Il corpo narratore

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Ivano Gamelli

2005-09-01

Full Text Available Sapere cosa provo attraverso il mio corpo di fronte all’altro mi permette non solo di capire cosa l'altro prova, soprattutto di generare naturalmente un’effettiva sintonizzazione, di evidenziare e nominare emozioni e sentimenti che in-formano la relazione con quel particolare bambino, adolescente o adulto che sia. Il rapporto con il linguaggio del corpo, prima ancora di divenire pratica psicopedagogica, è una 'pedagogia dell'esistenza'. Una pratica della nostra quotidianità che possiamo affinare oltre e prima che essa diventi pratica psicopedagogica.

Targeting the IL-17/IL-6 axis can alter growth of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia in vivo/in vitro.

Science.gov (United States)

Zhu, Fang; McCaw, Lindsay; Spaner, David E; Gorczynski, Reginald M

2018-03-01

The tumor microenvironment (TME) is critical to the longevity of tumor B cells in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) and the cytokines they produce including IL-6 are important components of the TME in CLL. We found BMMSCs supported the survival of CLL cells in vitro through an IL-6 dependent mechanism. IL-17 which induces IL-6 generation in a variety of cells increased production of IL-6 both in CLL cells and BMMSCs in vitro. In a xenograft CLL mouse model, BMMSCs and the culture supernatant of BMMSCs increased engraftment of CLL cells through an IL-6 mediated mechanism with human recombinant IL-6 showing similar effects in vivo. Human recombinant IL-17 treatment also increased CLL engraftment in mice through an IL-6 mediated mechanism. Plasma of CLL patients showed elevated levels of both IL-6 and IL-17 by ELISA compared with healthy controls, with levels of IL-6 linearly correlated with IL-17 levels. CLL patients requiring fludarabine based chemotherapy expressed higher levels of IL-6 and IL-17, while CLL patients with the lowest levels of IgA/IgM had higher levels of IL-6, but not IL-17. These data imply an important role for the IL-17/IL-6 axis in CLL which could be therapeutic targets. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

En Équateur, une association de tisserandes contribue à l ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

12 oct. 2010 ... Le centre ne manque pas de tisserandes, affirme Anita Loja, la coordonnatrice des ventes du CACH. Les femmes peuvent même tisser jusqu'à l'aube s'il le faut. Anita Loja, qui a appris son métier de sa mère, fait partie des quelque 30 000 femmes de la province d'Azuay et de la province voisine de Cañar ...

Case report

African Journals Online (AJOL)

abp

7 mai 2015 ... Le geste chirurgical a consisté en une résection du sac associée à une fermeture en points séparés et les suites opératoires ont été simples. Devant toute occlusion intestinale aiguë, il faut avoir à l'esprit que la hernie interne supravésicale peut en être une cause inhabituelle. Pan African Medical Journal.

Protéger les collectivités côtières du nord du Maroc | IDRC ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

3 févr. 2011 ... Elle estime qu'il faut communiquer avec les femmes qui exercent peu d'influence sur les décisions prises à l'échelon local, et encore moins de contrôle ... L'équipe anime également des ateliers s'adressant aux représentants locaux afin de solliciter leurs opinions, de mettre en commun les données et de ...

Quelques noddees sur l’ecologie de la vedetation des dunes et sur la fonction de l’enraciment dans l’edification de dunes a la Cote Mediterraneenne de la France. II

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Boterenbrood, A.J.; Donsellaar-Ten Bokkel Huinink, van W.A.E.; Donselaar, van J.

1956-01-01

Une évaluation des plantes d’après leur pouvoir édificateur de dunes doit être précédée d’une description de leur structure a côté de l’étendue et de la densité des organes aériens il faut considérer d’importance capitale et décisive la structure des organes souterrains, tel que KÜHNHOLTZLORDAT

Le coupé décalé en Côte d'Ivoire : Sens et enjeux d'un succès musical

African Journals Online (AJOL)

8 mars 2007 ... les individus achètent et consomment des biens économiques pour conquérir le statut .... d'ivoiriens, « le capital d'espoir projeté et déposé entre les mains de .... A défaut d'avoir un humain pour parvenir à ce but, il encourageait , .... Mais puisque la ville d'Abidjan est le fruit d'une croissance plutôt que ...

Case report

African Journals Online (AJOL)

ebutamanya

15 juin 2015 ... L'examen ophtalmologiquet complété par un bilan radiologique, à révélé une pansunisite du même coté. Les auteures suggèrent que devant toute paralysie oculomotrice, et après avoir éliminé une étiologie tumorale, il faut rechercher à un foyer infectieux locorégional et le bien traite. Pan African Medical ...

Une force venant du futur chercherait à saboter l'expérience du LHC...

CERN Multimedia

Scappaticci, Bruno

2009-01-01

"A quelques jours de la reprise de l'expérience du LHC, on ne parle plus de la menace d'un trou noir, mais deux physicines souteinnent aujourd'hui une tout autres hypothèse: la nature, depuis le futur, va continuer de contrarier les travaux du Cern, afin d'éviter à l'Homme de mettre le doigt là où il ne faut pas..." (1.5 pages)

Le nouveau modèle africain | IDRC - International Development ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

22 juil. 2011 ... L'annulation de la dette, un commerce plus équitable, davantage d'aide : voilà le plan d'action mondial dont on convient qu'il faut de toute urgence mettre en oeuvre en vue d'accélérer le développement en Afrique. Or, ce serait rater le bateau que de ne pas s'engager dans la voie tout autre que les ...

Il Sole, il genoma e Internet strumenti delle revoluzioni scientifiche

CERN Document Server

Dyson, Freeman J

2000-01-01

In queste appassionate conferenze «di soglia» Dyson si sporge sul domani con la visionarietà di un Verne o di un Wells, consapevole però di abbozzare «solo uno dei corsi possibili, tra i milioni di altri che il futuro potrà riservarci». Il nuovo trivio di forze rivoluzionarie che, secondo il modello di Dyson, muoverà lo sviluppo ha nomi noti a tutti, e disputati da molti: energia solare, ingegneria genetica, rete di comunicazione globale. Un loro utilizzo flessibile e sinergico arriverebbe a ridisegnare il paesaggio sociale del pianeta, facendo affluire verso aree depresse risorse ora concentrate in pochi paesi, e ridando vita ovunque all'economia di villaggio. La raccolta di energia da una fonte equidistribuita come la luce solare potrebbe infatti avvenire attraverso coltivazioni arboree manipolate genetica mente allo scopo, con costi sostenibili e senza pregiudizio della ecodiversità. Sia che guardi al prossimo futuro terrestre sia che contempli la prospettiva non troppo lontana di insediamenti uma...

IL-15/IL-15 receptor biology: a guided tour through an expanding universe.

Science.gov (United States)

Budagian, Vadim; Bulanova, Elena; Paus, Ralf; Bulfone-Paus, Silvia

2006-08-01

The cytokine interleukin-15 (IL-15) has a key role in promoting survival, proliferation and activation of natural killer (NK) and CD8+ T cells. Despite its functional similarities to IL-2, IL-15 affects a wider range of target cell populations and utilizes different mechanisms of signaling. Here, we review recent advances in the IL-15-mediated signaling, and in the functional properties on cells besides T lymphocytes and NK cells. These are discussed in the context of their potential clinical and therapeutic relevance.

L’Arétin, poète et polémiste au service de la rhétorique impériale

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Juan Carlos D’Amico

2012-06-01

Full Text Available L’article de Juan Carlos D’Amico analyse les rapports entre l’Arétin, appelé par ses admirateurs le fléau des princes, et Charles Quint. L’écrivain avait fait de l’éloge et de la célébration des puissants de la terre la source de son indépendance matérielle. On peut être choqué par son adulation et ses tirades dithyrambiques adressées à l’empereur et roi d’Espagne. Cependant, il faut y voir la conséquence logique d’une stratégie originale pour éviter les servitudes d’une vie courtisane. À cela, nous pouvons ajouter que Charles Quint avait besoin d’une voix amie à Venise pour y défendre sa politique et y trouver l’appui nécessaire à la poursuite de sa lutte contre François Ier.El artículo de Juan Carlos D’Amico analiza el vínculo entre Aretino, llamado por sus admiradores el flagelo de los príncipes, y Carlos V. El escritor había hecho de la alabanza y de la celebración de los poderosos de la tierra la fuente de su independencia material. Si bien uno podría encontrar chocante su adulación y su encomio poco mesurado del emperador y rey de España, es preciso considerlo como la consecuencia lógica de una estrategia original para evitar la servidumbre de una existencia cortesana. Además, Carlos V necesitaba una voz amiga en Venecia para defender su política y prolongar su lucha contra Francisco I.

Bilan des introductions de salmonidés dans les lacs et ruisseaux d'altitude des Hautes-Pyrénées

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DELACOSTE M.

1997-01-01

Full Text Available Les introductions de Salmonidés ont été importantes au cours des 60 dernières années dans les lacs et ruisseaux d'altitude des Hautes-Pyrénées. Six espèces de Salmonidés ont été introduites dans des milieux qui, pour la plupart, étaient vierges de populations piscicoles : la truite commune (Salmo trutta L., la truite arc-en-ciel (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum, l'omble de fontaine (Salvelinus fontinalis Mitchill, l'omble chevalier (Salvelinus alpinus L., le cristivomer (Salvelinus namaycush Walbaum et le splake (Salvelinus fontinalis x Salvelinus namaycush. Dans de très nombreux cas, ces introductions ont abouti à des acclimatations. En revanche, les naturalisations sont beaucoup plus rares. Seules les espèces lacustres (cristivomer et omble chevalier se sont naturalisées dans la majorité des lacs où elles ont été introduites. Les conditions de reproduction constituent le facteur clé permettant d'expliquer la naturalisation des espèces. En ruisseau, il faut y ajouter la compétition avec l'espèce indigène (la truite commune, la pression halieutique ainsi que les conditions hivernales très rigoureuses. Les incidences écologiques des introductions sur les populations de truites communes indigènes sont faibles. En revanche, elles ne sont pas négligeables pour les populations de batraciens. Cette politique d'introduction a largement participé au développement de l'halieutisme dans ces milieux d'altitude. En cela, les introductions ont parfaitement répondu aux objectifs halieutiques qu'on leur avait fixés. L'acquisition de connaissances sur l'ensemble de la chaîne pyrénéenne constitue aujourd'hui une étape incontournable pour une politique de gestion globale des introductions.

Signaling through IL-17C/IL-17RE is dispensable for immunity to systemic, oral and cutaneous candidiasis.

Science.gov (United States)

Conti, Heather R; Whibley, Natasha; Coleman, Bianca M; Garg, Abhishek V; Jaycox, Jillian R; Gaffen, Sarah L

2015-01-01

Candida albicans is a commensal fungal microbe of the human orogastrointestinal tract and skin. C. albicans causes multiple forms of disease in immunocompromised patients, including oral, vaginal, dermal and disseminated candidiasis. The cytokine IL-17 (IL-17A) and its receptor subunits, IL-17RA and IL-17RC, are required for protection to most forms of candidiasis. The importance of the IL-17R pathway has been observed not only in knockout mouse models, but also in humans with rare genetic mutations that impact generation of Th17 cells or the IL-17 signaling pathway, including Hyper-IgE Syndrome (STAT3 or TYK2 mutations) or IL17RA or ACT1 gene deficiency. The IL-17 family of cytokines is a distinct subclass of cytokines with unique structural and signaling properties. IL-17A is the best-characterized member of the IL-17 family to date, but far less is known about other IL-17-related cytokines. In this study, we sought to determine the role of a related IL-17 cytokine, IL-17C, in protection against oral, dermal and disseminated forms of C. albicans infection. IL-17C signals through a heterodimeric receptor composed of the IL-17RA and IL-17RE subunits. We observed that IL-17C mRNA was induced following oral C. albicans infection. However, mice lacking IL-17C or IL-17RE cleared C. albicans infections in the oral mucosa, skin and bloodstream at rates similar to WT littermate controls. Moreover, these mice demonstrated similar gene transcription profiles and recovery kinetics as WT animals. These findings indicate that IL-17C and IL-17RE are dispensable for immunity to the forms of candidiasis evaluated, and illustrate a surprisingly limited specificity of the IL-17 family of cytokines with respect to systemic, oral and cutaneous Candida infections.

Signaling through IL-17C/IL-17RE Is Dispensable for Immunity to Systemic, Oral and Cutaneous Candidiasis

Science.gov (United States)

Conti, Heather R.; Whibley, Natasha; Coleman, Bianca M.; Garg, Abhishek V.; Jaycox, Jillian R.; Gaffen, Sarah L.

2015-01-01

Candida albicans is a commensal fungal microbe of the human orogastrointestinal tract and skin. C. albicans causes multiple forms of disease in immunocompromised patients, including oral, vaginal, dermal and disseminated candidiasis. The cytokine IL-17 (IL-17A) and its receptor subunits, IL-17RA and IL-17RC, are required for protection to most forms of candidiasis. The importance of the IL-17R pathway has been observed not only in knockout mouse models, but also in humans with rare genetic mutations that impact generation of Th17 cells or the IL-17 signaling pathway, including Hyper-IgE Syndrome (STAT3 or TYK2 mutations) or IL17RA or ACT1 gene deficiency. The IL-17 family of cytokines is a distinct subclass of cytokines with unique structural and signaling properties. IL-17A is the best-characterized member of the IL-17 family to date, but far less is known about other IL-17-related cytokines. In this study, we sought to determine the role of a related IL-17 cytokine, IL-17C, in protection against oral, dermal and disseminated forms of C. albicans infection. IL-17C signals through a heterodimeric receptor composed of the IL-17RA and IL-17RE subunits. We observed that IL-17C mRNA was induced following oral C. albicans infection. However, mice lacking IL-17C or IL-17RE cleared C. albicans infections in the oral mucosa, skin and bloodstream at rates similar to WT littermate controls. Moreover, these mice demonstrated similar gene transcription profiles and recovery kinetics as WT animals. These findings indicate that IL-17C and IL-17RE are dispensable for immunity to the forms of candidiasis evaluated, and illustrate a surprisingly limited specificity of the IL-17 family of cytokines with respect to systemic, oral and cutaneous Candida infections. PMID:25849644

The role of interleukin-5 (IL-5 in vivo: studies with IL-5 deficient mice

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Klaus I Matthaei

1997-12-01

Full Text Available Eosinophil recruitment is a characteristic feature of a number of pathological conditions and was the topic of the recent International Symposium on allergic inflammation, asthma, parasitic and infectious diseases (Rio de Janeiro, June 3-5, 1996. Since interleukin5 (IL5 is believed to regulate the growth, differentiation and activation of eosinophils (Coffman et al. 1989, Sanderson 1992, the role of eosinophils and IL5 are closely linked. Although IL5 specifically regulates eosinophilia in vivo and this is its most well established activity, it is becoming clear that IL5 also has other biological effects. The recent derivation of an IL5 deficient mouse (Kopf et al. 1996, provides a model for exploring not only the role of IL5 and eosinophils but also other novel activities of IL5. Of note is that although the IL5 deficient mice cannot elicit a pronounced eosinophilia in response to inflammatory stimulation following aeroallergen challenge or parasite infection they still produce basal levels of eosinophils that appear to be morphologically and functionally normal. However, the basal levels of eosinophils appear insufficient for normal host defence as IL5 deficiency has now been shown to compromise defence against several helminth infections. In addition, IL5 deficient mice appear to have functional deficiencies in B-1 B lymphocytes and in IgA production.

Predictive value of IL-35 and IL-17 in diagnosis of childhood asthma.

Science.gov (United States)

Mansour, Amira Ibrahim; Abd Almonaem, Eman Rateb; Behairy, Ola Galal; Gouda, Tahany Mahmoud

2017-09-01

This study aimed to evaluate the correlation between serum levels of IL-17 and IL-35 and the presence and severity of childhood asthma. The study was performed on 60 diagnosed asthmatic children, who were further classified into four groups according to the Global Initiative for Asthma Guidelines for Asthma Severity and Control (GINA) 2016, plus 30 age- and sex-matched apparently healthy children. All participants were subjected to full medical history, clinical examination, pulmonary function tests and laboratory evaluation in the form of complete blood count (CBC), serum total IgE, IL-17 and IL-35 by ELISA. Our results revealed that eosinophils count, IgE and IL-17 were significantly higher in the asthmatic group than the control group (p 13.1 pg/mL; this value could predict childhood asthma with sensitivity of 81.7% and 83.3%, and specificity of 76.7% and 70%, respectively. A combination of both cytokines yielded an increase in sensitivity to 95%. In conclusion, in the current study, IL-17 is upregulated while IL-35 is downregulated in childhood asthma with a significant negative correlation between both. These results suggest that both may play an important role in the pathogenesis of childhood asthma.

Analyste, Bureau de services TI (h/f) | CRDI - Centre de recherches ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

o Créer des ensembles de déploiement de logiciels pour faciliter le déploiement, qu'il s'agisse d'un déploiement général au moyen de l'outil de déploiement des logiciels standard ou d'une installation unique, par exemple MS Office, Adobe; cela suppose de changer la configuration d'un logiciel donné (en retirant ou en ...

Interleukin (IL)-23 mediates Toxoplasma gondii-induced immunopathology in the gut via matrixmetalloproteinase-2 and IL-22 but independent of IL-17

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Muñoz, Melba; Heimesaat, Markus M; Danker, Kerstin

2009-01-01

Peroral infection with Toxoplasma gondii leads to the development of small intestinal inflammation dependent on Th1 cytokines. The role of Th17 cells in ileitis is unknown. We report interleukin (IL)-23-mediated gelatinase A (matrixmetalloproteinase [MMP]-2) up-regulation in the ileum of infected...... mice. MMP-2 deficiency as well as therapeutic or prophylactic selective gelatinase blockage protected mice from the development of T. gondii-induced immunopathology. Moreover, IL-23-dependent up-regulation of IL-22 was essential for the development of ileitis, whereas IL-17 was down...

Genetic regulation of IL1RL1 methylation and IL1RL1-a protein levels in asthma.

Science.gov (United States)

Dijk, F Nicole; Xu, Chengjian; Melén, Erik; Carsin, Anne-Elie; Kumar, Asish; Nolte, Ilja M; Gruzieva, Olena; Pershagen, Goran; Grotenboer, Neomi S; Savenije, Olga E M; Antó, Josep Maria; Lavi, Iris; Dobaño, Carlota; Bousquet, Jean; van der Vlies, Pieter; van der Valk, Ralf J P; de Jongste, Johan C; Nawijn, Martijn C; Guerra, Stefano; Postma, Dirkje S; Koppelman, Gerard H

2018-03-01

Interleukin-1 receptor-like 1 ( IL1RL1 ) is an important asthma gene. (Epi)genetic regulation of IL1RL1 protein expression has not been established. We assessed the association between IL1RL1 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), IL1RL1 methylation and serum IL1RL1-a protein levels, and aimed to identify causal pathways in asthma.Associations of IL1RL1 SNPs with asthma were determined in the Dutch Asthma Genome-wide Association Study cohort and three European birth cohorts, BAMSE (Children/Barn, Allergy, Milieu, Stockholm, an Epidemiological survey), INMA (Infancia y Medio Ambiente) and PIAMA (Prevention and Incidence of Asthma and Mite Allergy), participating in the Mechanisms of the Development of Allergy study. We performed blood DNA IL1RL1 methylation quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis (n=496) and (epi)genome-wide protein QTL analysis on serum IL1RL1-a levels (n=1462). We investigated the association of IL1RL1 CpG methylation with asthma (n=632) and IL1RL1-a levels (n=548), with subsequent causal inference testing. Finally, we determined the association of IL1RL1-a levels with asthma and its clinical characteristics (n=1101). IL1RL1 asthma-risk SNPs strongly associated with IL1RL1 methylation (rs1420101; p=3.7×10 -16 ) and serum IL1RL1-a levels (p=2.8×10 -56 ). IL1RL1 methylation was not associated with asthma or IL1RL1-a levels. IL1RL1-a levels negatively correlated with blood eosinophil counts, whereas there was no association between IL1RL1-a levels and asthma.In conclusion, asthma-associated IL1RL1 SNPs strongly regulate IL1RL1 methylation and serum IL1RL1-a levels, yet neither these IL1RL1- methylation CpG sites nor IL1RL1-a levels are associated with asthma. Copyright ©ERS 2018.

Regulation of IL-6 and IL-8 production by reciprocal cell-to-cell interactions between tumor cells and stromal fibroblasts through IL-1α in ameloblastoma

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Fuchigami, Takao; Kibe, Toshiro; Koyama, Hirofumi; Kishida, Shosei; Iijima, Mikio; Nishizawa, Yoshiaki; Hijioka, Hiroshi; Fujii, Tomomi; Ueda, Masahiro; Nakamura, Norifumi; Kiyono, Tohru; Kishida, Michiko

2014-01-01

Highlights: • We studied the interaction between tumor cells and fibroblasts in ameloblastoma. • AM-3 ameloblastoma cells secreted significantly high IL-1α levels. • IL-1α derived from AM-3 cells promoted IL-6 and IL-8 secretion of fibroblasts. • IL-6 and IL-8 activated the cellular motility and proliferation of AM-3 cells. - Abstract: Ameloblastoma is an odontogenic benign tumor that occurs in the jawbone, which invades bone and reoccurs locally. This tumor is treated by wide surgical excision and causes various problems, including changes in facial countenance and mastication disorders. Ameloblastomas have abundant tumor stroma, including fibroblasts and immune cells. Although cell-to-cell interactions are considered to be involved in the pathogenesis of many diseases, intercellular communications in ameloblastoma have not been fully investigated. In this study, we examined interactions between tumor cells and stromal fibroblasts via soluble factors in ameloblastoma. We used a human ameloblastoma cell line (AM-3 ameloblastoma cells), human fibroblasts (HFF-2 fibroblasts), and primary-cultured fibroblasts from human ameloblastoma tissues, and analyzed the effect of ameloblastoma-associated cell-to-cell communications on gene expression, cytokine secretion, cellular motility and proliferation. AM-3 ameloblastoma cells secreted higher levels of interleukin (IL)-1α than HFF-2 fibroblasts. Treatment with conditioned medium from AM-3 ameloblastoma cells upregulated gene expression and secretion of IL-6 and IL-8 of HFF-2 fibroblasts and primary-cultured fibroblast cells from ameloblastoma tissues. The AM3-stimulated production of IL-6 and IL-8 in fibroblasts was neutralized by pretreatment of AM-3 cells with anti-IL-1α antibody and IL-1 receptor antagonist. Reciprocally, cellular motility of AM-3 ameloblastoma cells was stimulated by HFF-2 fibroblasts in IL-6 and IL-8 dependent manner. In conclusion, ameloblastoma cells and stromal fibroblasts behave

Regulation of IL-6 and IL-8 production by reciprocal cell-to-cell interactions between tumor cells and stromal fibroblasts through IL-1α in ameloblastoma

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Fuchigami, Takao [Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8544 (Japan); Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8544 (Japan); Kibe, Toshiro [Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8544 (Japan); Koyama, Hirofumi; Kishida, Shosei; Iijima, Mikio [Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8544 (Japan); Nishizawa, Yoshiaki [Kagoshima University Faculty of Medicine, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8544 (Japan); Hijioka, Hiroshi; Fujii, Tomomi [Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8544 (Japan); Ueda, Masahiro [Natural Science Centre for Research and Education, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Koorimoto, Kagoshima 890-8580 (Japan); Nakamura, Norifumi [Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8544 (Japan); Kiyono, Tohru [Department of Virology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuouku, Tokyo 104-0045 (Japan); Kishida, Michiko, E-mail: kmichiko@m2.kufm.kagoshima-u.ac.jp [Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8544 (Japan)

2014-09-05

Highlights: • We studied the interaction between tumor cells and fibroblasts in ameloblastoma. • AM-3 ameloblastoma cells secreted significantly high IL-1α levels. • IL-1α derived from AM-3 cells promoted IL-6 and IL-8 secretion of fibroblasts. • IL-6 and IL-8 activated the cellular motility and proliferation of AM-3 cells. - Abstract: Ameloblastoma is an odontogenic benign tumor that occurs in the jawbone, which invades bone and reoccurs locally. This tumor is treated by wide surgical excision and causes various problems, including changes in facial countenance and mastication disorders. Ameloblastomas have abundant tumor stroma, including fibroblasts and immune cells. Although cell-to-cell interactions are considered to be involved in the pathogenesis of many diseases, intercellular communications in ameloblastoma have not been fully investigated. In this study, we examined interactions between tumor cells and stromal fibroblasts via soluble factors in ameloblastoma. We used a human ameloblastoma cell line (AM-3 ameloblastoma cells), human fibroblasts (HFF-2 fibroblasts), and primary-cultured fibroblasts from human ameloblastoma tissues, and analyzed the effect of ameloblastoma-associated cell-to-cell communications on gene expression, cytokine secretion, cellular motility and proliferation. AM-3 ameloblastoma cells secreted higher levels of interleukin (IL)-1α than HFF-2 fibroblasts. Treatment with conditioned medium from AM-3 ameloblastoma cells upregulated gene expression and secretion of IL-6 and IL-8 of HFF-2 fibroblasts and primary-cultured fibroblast cells from ameloblastoma tissues. The AM3-stimulated production of IL-6 and IL-8 in fibroblasts was neutralized by pretreatment of AM-3 cells with anti-IL-1α antibody and IL-1 receptor antagonist. Reciprocally, cellular motility of AM-3 ameloblastoma cells was stimulated by HFF-2 fibroblasts in IL-6 and IL-8 dependent manner. In conclusion, ameloblastoma cells and stromal fibroblasts behave

Increasing the biological activity of IL-2 and IL-15 through complexing with anti-IL-2 mAbs and Il-15Ralfa-Fc chimera

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Votavová, Petra; Tomala, Jakub; Kovář, Marek

2014-01-01

Roč. 195, č. 1 (2014), s. 1-10 ISSN 0165-2478 R&D Projects: GA ČR GAP301/11/0325; GA MŠk(CZ) ED1.1.00/02.0109; GA ČR GA13-12885S Institutional support: RVO:61388971 Keywords : IL-2 * IL-15 * chimera Subject RIV: EC - Immunology Impact factor: 2.512, year: 2014

Il muro come galleria

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Duccio Dogheria

2008-06-01

Full Text Available Il muro, nel suo grigio rigore formale, nella sua fredda geometria, nel suo intento divisorio, nasconde spesso il cielo. Sovente il linguaggio dell’arte, ma non di meno quello della comunicazione, hanno interferito con le sue algide barriere. In molti casi, beninteso, non è che il potere in altre forme, che interferisce con se stesso: pensiamo ai bandi affissi agli angoli delle città, o le lettere d’indulgenza papali -spesso impreziosite da miniature al punto da poterle considerare antenate dal manifesto- che nel corso del medioevo venivano affisse sulle porte delle chiese.

Targeting the IL-33/IL-13 Axis for Respiratory Viral Infections.

Science.gov (United States)

Donovan, Chantal; Bourke, Jane E; Vlahos, Ross

2016-04-01

Lung diseases, such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), are highly prevalent worldwide. One of the major factors that limits the efficacy of current medication in these patients are viral infections, leading to exacerbations of symptoms and decreased quality of life. Current pharmacological strategies targeting virus-induced lung disease are problematic due to antiviral resistance and the requirement for strain-specific vaccination. Thus, new therapeutic strategies are urgently required. In this Opinion article, we provide state-of-the-art evidence from humans and preclinical animal models implicating the interleukin (IL)-33/IL-13 axis in virus-induced lung disease. Thus, targeting the IL-33/IL-13 axis may be a feasible way to overcome the limitations of current therapy used to treat virus-induced exacerbations of lung disease. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Carbon monoxide releasing molecule-2 ameliorates IL-1β-induced IL-8 in human gastric cancer cells

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lian, Sen; Xia, Yong; Ung, Trong Thuan; Khoi, Pham Ngoc; Yoon, Hyun Joong; Kim, Nam Ho; Kim, Kyung Keun; Jung, Young Do

2016-01-01

Carbon monoxide (CO), a byproduct of heme oxygenase (HO), presents antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-tumor properties. Accumulating evidence supports that interleukin (IL)-8 contribute to the vascularity of human gastric cancer. However, the inhibition of IL-8 expression by CO is yet to be elucidated. Here, we utilized CO releasing molecule-2 (CORM-2) to investigate the effect of CO on IL-1β-induced IL-8 expression and the underlying molecular mechanisms in human gastric cancer AGS cells. CORM-2 dose-dependently suppressed IL-1β-induced IL-8 mRNA and protein expression as well as IL-8 promoter activity. IL-1β induced the translocation of p47 phox to activate reactive oxygen species (ROS)-producing NADPH oxidase (NOX). Moreover, IL-1β activated MAPKs (Erk1/2, JNK1/2, and p38 MAPK) and promoted nuclear factor (NF)-kB and activator protein (AP)-1 binding activities. Pharmacological inhibition and mutagenesis studies indicated that NOX, ROS, Erk1/2, and p38 MAPK are involved in IL-1β-induced IL-8 expression. Transient transfection of deletion mutant constructs of the IL-8 promoter in cells suggested that NF-kB and AP-1 are critical for IL-1β-induced IL-8 transcription. NOX-derived ROS and MAPKs (Erk1/2 and p38 MAPK) functioned as upstream activators of NF-κB and AP-1, respectively. CORM-2 pretreatment significantly mitigated IL-1β-induced activation of ROS/NF-kB and Erk1/2/AP-1 cascades, blocking IL-8 expression and thus significantly reducing endothelial cell proliferation in the tumor microenvironment.

IL-4 and IL-13 Compromise the Sinonasal Epithelial Barrier and Perturb Intercellular Junction Protein Expression

Science.gov (United States)

Wise, Sarah K.; Laury, Adrienne M.; Katz, Elizabeth H.; Den Beste, Kyle A.; Parkos, Charles A.; Nusrat, Asma

2014-01-01

Introduction Altered expression of epithelial intercellular junction proteins has been observed in sinonasal biopsies from nasal polyps and epithelial layers cultured from nasal polyp patients. These alterations comprise a “leaky” epithelial barrier phenotype. We hypothesize that Th2 cytokines IL-4 and IL-13 modulate epithelial junction proteins thereby contributing to the leaky epithelial barrier. Methods Differentiated primary sinonasal epithelial layers cultured at the air-liquid interface were exposed to IL-4, IL-13, and controls for 24 hours at 37°C. Epithelial resistance measurements were taken every 4 hours during cytokine exposure. Western blot and immunofluorescence staining/confocal microscopy were used to assess changes in a panel of tight and adherens junction proteins. Western blot densitometry was quantified with image analysis. Results IL-4 and IL-13 exposure resulted in a mean decrease in transepithelial resistance at 24 hours to 51.6% (n=6) and 68.6% (n=8) of baseline, respectively. Tight junction protein JAM-A expression decreased 42.2% with IL-4 exposure (n=9) and 37.5% with IL-13 exposure (n=9). Adherens junction protein E-cadherin expression decreased 35.3% with IL-4 exposure (n=9) and 32.9% with IL-13 exposure (n=9). Tight junction protein claudin-2 showed more variability but had a trend toward higher expression with Th2 cytokine exposure. There were no appreciable changes in claudin-1, occludin, or ZO-1 with IL-4 or IL-13 exposure. Conclusion Sinonasal epithelial exposure to Th2 cytokines IL-4 and IL-13 results in alterations in intercellular junction proteins, reflecting increased epithelial permeability. Such changes may explain some of the phenotypic manifestations of Th2-mediated sinonasal disease, such as edema, nasal discharge, and environmental reactivity. PMID:24510479

Comparison of IL-6, IL-8 Concentrations in H. pylori- and non-H. pylori-associated Gastritis

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Gontar Alamsyah Siregar

2014-12-01

Full Text Available BACKGROUND: Helicobacter pylori is a non-invasive microorganism causing intense gastric mucosal inflammatory and immune reaction. The gastric mucosal levels of the proinflammatory cytokines Interleukin 6 (IL-6 and IL-8 have been reported to be increased in H. pylori infection, but the serum levels in H. pylori infection is still controversial. The purpose of this study was to investigate the serum levels of IL-6 and IL-8 in H. pylori infection. METHODS: A cross sectional study was done on eighty consecutive gastritis patients admitted to endoscopy units at Adam Malik General Hospital and Permata Bunda Hospital, Medan, Indonesia from May-October 2014. Histopathology was performed for the diagnosis of gastritis. Rapid urease test for diagnosis of H. pylori infection. Serum samples were obtained to determine circulating IL-6 and IL-8. Univariate and bivariate analysis (independent t test were done. RESULTS: There were 41.25% patients infected with H. pylori. Circulatory IL-6 levels were significantly higher in H. pylori-infected patients compared to H. pylori negative, but there were no differences between serum levels of IL-8 in H. pylori positive and negative patients. CONCLUSIONS: The immune response to H. pylori promotes systemic inflammation, which was reflected in an increased level of serum IL-6. Serum levels of IL-8 were not significantly different between H. pylori positive and negative. KEYWORDS: Helicobacter pylori, gastritis, IL-6, IL-8, cytokine.

Signaling through IL-17C/IL-17RE is dispensable for immunity to systemic, oral and cutaneous candidiasis.

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Heather R Conti

Full Text Available Candida albicans is a commensal fungal microbe of the human orogastrointestinal tract and skin. C. albicans causes multiple forms of disease in immunocompromised patients, including oral, vaginal, dermal and disseminated candidiasis. The cytokine IL-17 (IL-17A and its receptor subunits, IL-17RA and IL-17RC, are required for protection to most forms of candidiasis. The importance of the IL-17R pathway has been observed not only in knockout mouse models, but also in humans with rare genetic mutations that impact generation of Th17 cells or the IL-17 signaling pathway, including Hyper-IgE Syndrome (STAT3 or TYK2 mutations or IL17RA or ACT1 gene deficiency. The IL-17 family of cytokines is a distinct subclass of cytokines with unique structural and signaling properties. IL-17A is the best-characterized member of the IL-17 family to date, but far less is known about other IL-17-related cytokines. In this study, we sought to determine the role of a related IL-17 cytokine, IL-17C, in protection against oral, dermal and disseminated forms of C. albicans infection. IL-17C signals through a heterodimeric receptor composed of the IL-17RA and IL-17RE subunits. We observed that IL-17C mRNA was induced following oral C. albicans infection. However, mice lacking IL-17C or IL-17RE cleared C. albicans infections in the oral mucosa, skin and bloodstream at rates similar to WT littermate controls. Moreover, these mice demonstrated similar gene transcription profiles and recovery kinetics as WT animals. These findings indicate that IL-17C and IL-17RE are dispensable for immunity to the forms of candidiasis evaluated, and illustrate a surprisingly limited specificity of the IL-17 family of cytokines with respect to systemic, oral and cutaneous Candida infections.

IL-17 Induction by ArtinM is Due to Stimulation of IL-23 and IL-1 Release and/or Interaction with CD3 in CD4+ T Cells.

Science.gov (United States)

da Silva, Thiago Aparecido; Mariano, Vania Sammartino; Sardinha-Silva, Aline; de Souza, Maria Aparecida; Mineo, Tiago Wilson Patriarca; Roque-Barreira, Maria Cristina

2016-01-01

ArtinM is a D-mannose-binding lectin extracted from the seeds of Artocarpus heterophyllus that interacts with TLR2 N-glycans and activates antigen-presenting cells (APCs), as manifested by IL-12 production. In vivo ArtinM administration induces Th1 immunity and confers protection against infection with several intracellular pathogens. In the murine model of Candida albicans infection, it was verified that, in addition to Th1, ArtinM induces Th17 immunity manifested by high IL-17 levels in the treated animals. Herein, we investigated the mechanisms accounting for the ArtinM-induced IL-17 production. We found that ArtinM stimulates the IL-17 production by spleen cells in BALB/c or C57BL/6 mice, a response that was significantly reduced in the absence of IL-23, MyD88, or IL-1R. Furthermore, we showed that ArtinM directly induced the IL-23 mRNA expression and the IL-1 production by macrophages. Consistently, in cell suspensions depleted of macrophages, the IL-17 production stimulated by ArtinM was reduced by 53% and the exogenous IL-23 acted synergistically with ArtinM in promoting IL-17 production by spleen cell suspensions. We verified that the absence of IL-23, IL-1R, or MyD88 inhibited, but did not block, the IL-17 production by ArtinM-stimulated spleen cells. Therefore, we investigated whether ArtinM exerts a direct effect on CD4+ T cells in promoting IL-17 production. Indeed, spleen cell suspensions depleted of CD4+ T cells responded to ArtinM with very low levels of IL-17 release. Likewise, isolated CD4+ T cells under ArtinM stimulus augmented the expression of TGF-β mRNA and released high levels of IL-17. Considering the observed synergism between IL-23 and ArtinM, we used cells from IL-23 KO mice to assess the direct effect of lectin on CD4+ T cells. We verified that ArtinM increased the IL-17 production significantly, a response that was inhibited when the CD4+ T cells were pre-incubated with anti-CD3 antibody. In conclusion, ArtinM stimulates the production

IL-17 Induction by ArtinM is Due to Stimulation of IL-23 and IL-1 Release and/or Interaction with CD3 in CD4+ T Cells.

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Thiago Aparecido da Silva

Full Text Available ArtinM is a D-mannose-binding lectin extracted from the seeds of Artocarpus heterophyllus that interacts with TLR2 N-glycans and activates antigen-presenting cells (APCs, as manifested by IL-12 production. In vivo ArtinM administration induces Th1 immunity and confers protection against infection with several intracellular pathogens. In the murine model of Candida albicans infection, it was verified that, in addition to Th1, ArtinM induces Th17 immunity manifested by high IL-17 levels in the treated animals. Herein, we investigated the mechanisms accounting for the ArtinM-induced IL-17 production. We found that ArtinM stimulates the IL-17 production by spleen cells in BALB/c or C57BL/6 mice, a response that was significantly reduced in the absence of IL-23, MyD88, or IL-1R. Furthermore, we showed that ArtinM directly induced the IL-23 mRNA expression and the IL-1 production by macrophages. Consistently, in cell suspensions depleted of macrophages, the IL-17 production stimulated by ArtinM was reduced by 53% and the exogenous IL-23 acted synergistically with ArtinM in promoting IL-17 production by spleen cell suspensions. We verified that the absence of IL-23, IL-1R, or MyD88 inhibited, but did not block, the IL-17 production by ArtinM-stimulated spleen cells. Therefore, we investigated whether ArtinM exerts a direct effect on CD4+ T cells in promoting IL-17 production. Indeed, spleen cell suspensions depleted of CD4+ T cells responded to ArtinM with very low levels of IL-17 release. Likewise, isolated CD4+ T cells under ArtinM stimulus augmented the expression of TGF-β mRNA and released high levels of IL-17. Considering the observed synergism between IL-23 and ArtinM, we used cells from IL-23 KO mice to assess the direct effect of lectin on CD4+ T cells. We verified that ArtinM increased the IL-17 production significantly, a response that was inhibited when the CD4+ T cells were pre-incubated with anti-CD3 antibody. In conclusion, Artin

Differential expression of IL-6/IL-6R and MAO-A regulates invasion/angiogenesis in breast cancer.

Science.gov (United States)

Bharti, Rashmi; Dey, Goutam; Das, Anjan Kumar; Mandal, Mahitosh

2018-04-26

Monoamine oxidases (MAO) are mitochondrial enzymes functioning in oxidative metabolism of monoamines. The action of MAO-A has been typically described in neuro-pharmacological domains. Here, we have established a co-relation between IL-6/IL-6R and MAO-A and their regulation in hypoxia induced invasion/angiogenesis. We employed various in-vitro and in-vivo techniques and clinical samples. We studied a co-relation among MAO-A and IL-6/IL-6R and tumour angiogenesis/invasion in hypoxic environment in breast cancer model. Activation of IL-6/IL-6R and its downstream was found in hypoxic cancer cells. This elevation of IL-6/IL-6R caused sustained inhibition of MAO-A in hypoxic environment. Inhibition of IL-6R signalling or IL-6R siRNA increased MAO-A activity and inhibited tumour angiogenesis and invasion significantly in different models. Further, elevation of MAO-A with 5-azacytidine (5-Aza) modulated IL-6 mediated angiogenesis and invasive signatures including VEGF, MMPs and EMT in hypoxic breast cancer. High grade invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) clinical specimen displayed elevated level of IL-6R and depleted MAO-A expression. Expression of VEGF and HIF-1α was unregulated and loss of E-Cadherin was observed in high grade IDC tissue specimen. Suppression of MAO-A by IL-6/IL-6R activation promotes tumour angiogenesis and invasion in hypoxic breast cancer environment.

The distribution of IL-13 receptor alpha1 expression on B cells, T cells and monocytes and its regulation by IL-13 and IL-4.

Science.gov (United States)

Graber, P; Gretener, D; Herren, S; Aubry, J P; Elson, G; Poudrier, J; Lecoanet-Henchoz, S; Alouani, S; Losberger, C; Bonnefoy, J Y; Kosco-Vilbois, M H; Gauchat, J F

1998-12-01

To study the expression of IL-13 receptor alpha1 (IL-13Ralpha1), specific monoclonal antibodies (mAb) were generated. Surface expression of the IL-13Ralpha1 on B cells, monocytes and T cells was assessed by flow cytometry using these specific mAb. Among tonsillar B cells, the expression was the highest on the IgD+ CD38- B cell subpopulation which is believed to represent naive B cells. Expression was also detectable on a large fraction of the IgD-CD38- B cells but not on CD38+ B cells. Activation under conditions which promote B cell Ig class switching up-regulated the expression of the receptor. However, the same stimuli had an opposite effect for IL-13Ralpha1 expression levels on monocytes. While IL-13Ralpha1 mRNA was clearly detectable in T cell preparations, no surface expression was detected. However, permeabilization of the T cells showed a clear intracellular expression of the receptor. A soluble form of the receptor was immunoprecipitated from the supernatant of activated peripheral T cells, suggesting that T cell IL-13Ralpha1 might have functions unrelated to the capacity to form a type II IL-4/IL-13R with IL-4Ralpha.

The early IL-6 and IL-10 response in trauma is correlated with injury severity and mortality

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Stensballe, J; Christiansen, M; Tønnesen, E

2009-01-01

BACKGROUND: Trauma has previously been shown to influence interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-10 levels, but the association of injury severity and mortality with IL-6 and IL-10 responses in the early phase of accidental trauma remains to be investigated. We wished to describe serum levels of IL-6 and IL-10...... in the first 24 h after trauma and to assess the relationship with severity of injury and mortality. METHODS: Prospective, descriptive cohort study in a Level 1 trauma centre, Copenhagen, Denmark. We included 265 consecutive adult trauma patients admitted directly from the accident scene during an 18-month...... period. Serum levels of IL-6 and IL-10 were measured upon arrival and at 6, 12, and 24 h after admittance using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Correlation analysis was used to assess the relationship between Injury Severity Score (ISS) and levels of IL-6 and IL-10. Analysis of variance was used...

La physique des infinis

CERN Document Server

Bernardeau, Francis; Laplace, Sandrine; Spiro, Michel

2013-01-01

Écrire l'histoire de l'Univers, tel est l'objectif commun des physiciens des particules et des astrophysiciens. Pour y parvenir, deux approches s'épaulent : la voie de l'infiniment petit, que l'on emprunte via de gigantesques accélérateurs de particules, et celle de l'infiniment grand, dont le laboratoire est l'Univers. Un Univers qui est bien loin d'avoir livré tous ses secrets. On connaît à peine 4,8 % de la matière qui le constitue, le reste étant composé de matière noire (25,8 %) et d'énergie noire (69,4 %), toutes deux de nature inconnue. Et si la récente découverte du boson de Higgs valide le Modèle standard de la physique des particules, celui-ci est toujours incomplet et doit être étendu à ou dépassé. Est-on arrivé au bout du jeu de poupées russes de la matière ? Quelles sont les particules manquantes ? Faut-il revoir les lois fondamentales ? Quels instruments faut-il mettre en œuvre pour accéder à cette « nouvelle physique » ? Comment parler de Super Big Science aux citoye...

Association analysis of IL10, TNF-α and IL23R-IL12RB2 SNPs with Behçet's disease risk in Western Algeria

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Ouahiba eKhaib Dit Naib

2013-10-01

Full Text Available Objective: We have conducted the first study of the association of interleukin (IL-10, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α and IL23R-IL12RB2 regionSNPswith Behçet's disease (BD in Western Algeria. Methods: A total of 51 BD patients and 96 unrelated controls from West region of Algeria were genotyped by direct sequencing for 11 SNPs including 2 SNPsfrom the IL10 promoter [c.-819T>C (rs1800871, c.-592A>C (rs1800872], 6 SNPs from the TNF-α promoter [c.-1211T>C (rs1799964, c.-1043C>A (rs1800630, c.-1037C>T (rs1799724, c.-556G>A (rs1800750, c.-488G>A (rs1800629 and c.-418G>A (rs361525], and 3 SNPs from the IL23R-IL12RB2 region [g.67747415A>C (rs12119179, g.67740092G>A (rs11209032 and g.67760140T>C (rs924080]. Results: The minor alleles c.-819T and c.-592A were significantly associated with BD (OR= 2.18; 95% CI 1.28-3.73, p = 0.003; whereas, there was weaker association between TNF-αpromoter SNPs or IL23R-IL12RB2 region and disease risk.Conclusion: Unlike the TNF-αand the IL23R-IL12RB2 region SNPs, the two IL10 SNPs were strongly associated with BD. The -819T, and -592A alleles and the -819TT, -819CT, and -592AA and -592CA genotypes seem to be highly involved in the risk of developing of BD in the population of Western Algeria.

La construction de l’espace du football au féminin : un processus de construction du genre ?

OpenAIRE

Nneme Abouna, Marie-Stéphanie; Lacombe, Philippe

2008-01-01

De nombreux auteurs se sont interrogés sur (les conséquences de) la féminisation d’espaces professionnels. Notre interrogation porte sur un espace sportif et de loisir, le football ; et faut-il rappeler qu’en sport, hommes et femmes ne se mélangent ni ne s’affrontent, à quelques très rares exceptions prés ? Dès lors comment dans un espace d’évidence masculine, le football peut il se décliner au féminin ? Comment les femmes y créent elles et y trouvent elles une place ? Comment le genre fémini...

Approches des productions de terres cuites architecturales icaunaises, du Moyen Âge à la Révolution industrielle (Ve-XIXe siècle. Diagnostic documentaire et instruments de travail

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Sylvain Aumard

2003-11-01

Full Text Available Origine de la rechercheLes terres cuites architecturales (tuiles, briques, carreaux… sont souvent délaissées par les archéologues qui - faute d’études de référence - conservent peu ou pas ce matériau ou se contentent de garder les exemples les plus remarquables. Il s’agit pourtant d’un matériel archéologique qui possède aussi sa propre histoire, ses propres évolutions et spécificités. Produit en grand nombre à partir du XIIe siècle, il se distingue de la céramique de table par une évolution ...

La construction de l’urgence au travail et ses effets suivant les statuts hiérarchiques : le cas des mécaniciens et des agents de maîtrise dans le secteur aérien

OpenAIRE

Monneuse, Denis

2012-01-01

Travailler dans l’urgence est devenu un impératif catégorique pour nombre de salariés. Cet impératif se double d’une injonction paradoxale : il faut que le travail soit « vite fait, bien fait ». Comment la légitimation de l’urgence est-elle construite ? Dans quelle mesure les salariés intériorisent-ils cette logique managériale ? Quelles différences note-t-on suivant leur statut hiérarchique ? Cet article vise à rendre compte d’une enquête menée au sein d’un centre de maintenance d’une compag...

L’avènement d’une société de l’information durable

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Philippe Vidal

2015-07-01

Full Text Available La géographie de la société de l’information prend une autre allure, lorsqu’on l’envisage à la lumière du développement durable et notamment de ses enjeux écologiques. En effet, sans remettre tout en question, il ne faut pas négliger les impacts environnementaux et sociétaux de la filière numérique, même si des efforts sont consentis pour en amortir les effets (ordinateur moins consommateur d’énergie par exemple. Il importe donc d’embrasser l’ensemble des externalités occasionnées, qu’elles ...

Analyse de L'université et les TIC – Chronique d'une innovation annoncée

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Jean Uebersfeld

2013-04-01

Full Text Available Date de réception et d'acceptation : octobre 2010. 1. Champ couvert par l'ouvrage L'ouvrage, comme l'indique son sous-titre, se présente comme une chronique de l'introduction des TIC (technologies de l'information et de la communication dans l'enseignement universitaire. On remarquera d'emblée que, même si le titre est très général, il faut entendre qu'il s'agit d'analyser des expériences s'organisant dans le cadre précis du Ruca (réseau universitaire des centres d'autoformation et des proj...

In vitro progesterone modulation on bacterial endotoxin-induced production of IL-1β, TNFα, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, MIP-1α, and MMP-9 in pre-labor human term placenta.

Science.gov (United States)

Garcia-Ruíz, G; Flores-Espinosa, P; Preciado-Martínez, E; Bermejo-Martínez, L; Espejel-Nuñez, A; Estrada-Gutierrez, G; Maida-Claros, R; Flores-Pliego, A; Zaga-Clavellina, Veronica

2015-10-07

During human pregnancy, infection/inflammation represents an important factor that increases the risk of developing preterm labor. The purpose of this study was to determine if pre-treatment with progesterone has an immunomodulatory effect on human placenta production of endotoxin-induced inflammation and degradation of extracellular matrix markers. Placentas were obtained under sterile conditions from pregnancies delivered at term before the onset of labor by cesarean section. Explants from central cotyledons of 10 human placentas were pre-treated with different concentrations of progesterone (0.01, 01, 1.0 μM) and then stimulated with 1000 ng/mL of LPS of Escherichia coli. Cytokines TNFα, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, MIP-1α, IL-10 concentrations in the culture medium were then measured by specific ELISA. Secretion profile of MMP-9 was evaluated by ELISA and zymogram. Statistical differences were determined by one-way ANOVA followed by the appropriate ad hoc test; P progesterone significantly blunted (73, 56, 56, 75, 25, 48 %) the secretion of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, MIP-1α, IL-10, respectively. The MMP-9 induced by LPS treatment was inhibited only with the highest concentration of progesterone. Mifepristone (RU486) blocked the immunosuppressive effect of progesterone. The present results support the concept that progesterone could be part of the compensatory mechanism that limits the inflammation-induced cytotoxic effects associated with an infection process during gestation.

IL-13 and the IL-13 receptor as therapeutic targets for asthma and allergic disease.

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Mitchell, Jesse; Dimov, Vesselin; Townley, Robert G

2010-05-01

It is widely accepted that T-helper 2 cell (Th2) cytokines play an important role in the maintenance of asthma and allergy. Emerging evidence has highlighted the role of IL-13 in the pathogenesis of these diseases. In particular, IL-13 is involved in the regulation of IgE synthesis, mucus hypersecretion, subepithelial fibrosis and eosinophil infiltration, and has been associated with the regulation of certain chemokine receptors, notably CCR5. Thus, targeting IL-13 and its associated receptors may be a therapeutic approach to the treatment of asthma and/or allergy. Pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies are researching various strategies, based on this approach, aimed at binding IL-13, increasing the level of the IL-13 decoy receptor, IL-13Ralpha2, or blocking the effect of the chemokine receptor CCR5. This review focuses on the therapeutic potential of anti-IL-13 agents and their role in the treatment of asthma and allergy.

IL26 gene inactivation in Equidae.

Science.gov (United States)

Shakhsi-Niaei, M; Drögemüller, M; Jagannathan, V; Gerber, V; Leeb, T

2013-12-01

Interleukin-26 (IL26) is a member of the IL10 cytokine family. The IL26 gene is located between two other well-known cytokines genes of this family encoding interferon-gamma (IFNG) and IL22 in an evolutionary conserved gene cluster. In contrast to humans and most other mammals, mice lack a functional Il26 gene. We analyzed the genome sequences of other vertebrates for the presence or absence of functional IL26 orthologs and found that the IL26 gene has also become inactivated in several equid species. We detected a one-base pair frameshift deletion in exon 2 of the IL26 gene in the domestic horse (Equus caballus), Przewalski horse (Equus przewalskii) and donkey (Equus asinus). The remnant IL26 gene in the horse is still transcribed and gives rise to at least five alternative transcripts. None of these transcripts share a conserved open reading frame with the human IL26 gene. A comparative analysis across diverse vertebrates revealed that the IL26 gene has also independently been inactivated in a few other mammals, including the African elephant and the European hedgehog. The IL26 gene thus appears to be highly variable, and the conserved open reading frame has been lost several times during mammalian evolution. © 2013 The Authors, Animal Genetics © 2013 Stichting International Foundation for Animal Genetics.

Direct regulation of IL-2 by curcumin.

Science.gov (United States)

Oh, Jin-Gyo; Hwang, Da-Jeong; Heo, Tae-Hwe

2018-01-01

Interleukin-2 (IL-2) is a crucial growth factor for both regulatory and effector T cells. Thus, IL-2 plays a critical role in the stimulation and suppression of immune responses. Recently, anti-IL-2 antibodies (Abs) have been shown to possess strong IL-2 modulatory activities by affecting the interaction between IL-2 and IL-2 receptors. In this study, we screened an herbal library to identify a compound that regulates IL-2, which resulted in the identification of curcumin as a direct binder and inhibitor of IL-2. Curcumin is a phytochemical with well-known anti-cancer properties. In this study, curcumin mimicked or altered the binding pattern of anti-IL-2 Abs against IL-2 and remarkably inhibited the interaction of recombinant IL-2 with the IL-2 receptor α, CD25. Interestingly, curcumin neutralized the biological activities of IL-2 both in vitro and in vivo. In this report, we elucidated the unsolved mechanism of the anti-cancer effect of curcumin by identifying IL-2 as a direct molecular target. Curcumin, as a small molecule IL-2 modulator, has the potential to be used to treat IL-2 related pathologic conditions. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Increased Circulating Th17 Cells, Serum IL-17A, and IL-23 in Takayasu Arteritis.

Science.gov (United States)

Misra, Durga Prasanna; Chaurasia, Smriti; Misra, Ramnath

2016-01-01

Introduction. Th17, γδT, NK, and NKT cells in peripheral blood and serum IL-17 and IL-23 in Takayasu arteritis (TA) were measured and correlated with disease activity. Methods. Th17 (anti-CD3APC, CD4PECy7, and IL-17PE), NKT, NK (anti-CD3APC, CD56FITC), and γδT (anti-CD3FITC and γδTCRAPC) cells were enumerated by flow cytometry in peripheral blood of 30 patients with TA (ACR1990 criteria) and 20 healthy controls, serum IL-17 and IL-23 measured by ELISA. Relation with disease activity (NIH criteria, ITAS2010) was analyzed (using nonparametric tests, median with interquartile range). Results. Mean age of patients was 33.47 ± 11.78 years (25 females); mean symptom duration was 7.1 ± 5.3 years. 13 were not on immunosuppressants; 12 were active (ITAS2010 ≥ 4). The percentage of Th17 cells was significantly expanded in TA (patients 2.1 (1.5-3.2) versus controls 0.75 (0.32-1.2); p < 0.0001) with no differences in other cell populations. Serum IL-17 and IL-23 (pg/mL) in patients (6.2 (4.6-8.5) and 15 (14.9-26.5), resp.) were significantly higher (p < 0.001) than controls (3.9 (3.9-7.3) and undetectable median value, resp.). Subgroup analysis revealed no correlation of Th17 cells, serum IL-17, and IL-23 with disease activity or medications, nor any significant difference before and after medication. Conclusions. There is significant expansion of Th17 cells and elevated serum IL-17 and IL-23 levels in TA patients compared to healthy controls.

Macrophages as IL-25/IL-33-responsive cells play an important role in the induction of type 2 immunity.

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Zhonghan Yang

Full Text Available Type 2 immunity is essential for host protection against nematode infection but is detrimental in allergic inflammation or asthma. There is a major research focus on the effector molecules and specific cell types involved in the initiation of type 2 immunity. Recent work has implicated an important role of epithelial-derived cytokines, IL-25 and IL-33, acting on innate immune cells that are believed to be the initial sources of type 2 cytokines IL-4/IL-5/IL-13. The identities of the cell types that mediate the effects of IL-25/IL-33, however, remain to be fully elucidated. In the present study, we demonstrate that macrophages as IL-25/IL-33-responsive cells play an important role in inducing type 2 immunity using both in vitro and in vivo approaches. Macrophages produced type 2 cytokines IL-5 and IL-13 in response to the stimulation of IL-25/IL-33 in vitro, or were the IL-13-producing cells in mice administrated with exogenous IL-33 or infected with Heligmosomoides bakeri. In addition, IL-33 induced alternative activation of macrophages primarily through autocrine IL-13 activating the IL-4Rα-STAT6 pathway. Moreover, depletion of macrophages attenuated the IL-25/IL-33-induced type 2 immunity in mice, while adoptive transfer of IL-33-activated macrophages into mice with a chronic Heligmosomoides bakeri infection induced worm expulsion accompanied by a potent type 2 protective immune response. Thus, macrophages represent a unique population of the innate immune cells pivotal to type 2 immunity and a potential therapeutic target in controlling type 2 immunity-mediated inflammatory pathologies.

Association between genes encoding components of the IL-4/IL-4 receptor pathway and dermatitis in children.

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Hussein, Yousri M; Shalaby, Sally M; Nassar, Amani; Alzahrani, Saad S; Alharbi, Ayman S; Nouh, Maha

2014-07-25

To determine whether IL-4, IL-4Rα and STAT6 polymorphisms are associated with susceptibility to dermatitis in Egyptian children. We genotyped three groups of children, consisting of 106 atopic dermatitis (AD) children, 95 non-AD children, and 100 of healthy controls, for IL-4 (-590 C/T), (-33 C/T), IL-4Rα (I50V), (Q576R) and STAT6 (2964 G/A), (2892 C/T) gene polymorphisms using PCR-RFLP assay. Total serum IgE and serum IL-4 levels were detected by ELISA. There was a non-significant association of IL-4 -590 C/T, -33 C/T polymorphisms in the children with non-AD or those with AD when compared with the controls. We identified a significant association between IL-4Rα I50V, Q576R polymorphisms and dermatitis susceptibility in AD (p=0.002, dermatitis was found. Patients who were carriers of IL4 -590C, IL-4Rα I50V G, STAT6 2964 A and STAT6 2892 T had an increased risk of AD [OR and 95% CI: 3.2 (2.5-4.2), p=0.005]. Furthermore, there was no relation between each polymorphism and serum IL-4 level (p>0.05 for each) while homozygosity for the risk alleles of IL-4, IL-4Rα and STAT6 SNPs were significantly associated with increased total IgE levels in all subjects. In Egyptian children, the IL-4Rα and the STAT6 polymorphism may play a role in susceptibility to AD. In addition, gene-gene interaction between the IL-4, the IL-4Rα and the STAT6 significantly increases an individual's susceptibility to AD. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

IFN-gamma Impairs Release of IL-8 by IL-1beta-stimulated A549 Lung Carcinoma Cells

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Pfeilschifter Josef

2008-09-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background Production of interferon (IFN-γ is key to efficient anti-tumor immunity. The present study was set out to investigate effects of IFNγ on the release of the potent pro-angiogenic mediator IL-8 by human A549 lung carcinoma cells. Methods A549 cells were cultured and stimulated with interleukin (IL-1β alone or in combination with IFNγ. IL-8 production by these cells was analyzed with enzyme linked immuno sorbent assay (ELISA. mRNA-expression was analyzed by real-time PCR and RNase protection assay (RPA, respectively. Expression of inhibitor-κ Bα, cellular IL-8, and cyclooxygenase-2 was analyzed by Western blot analysis. Results Here we demonstrate that IFNγ efficiently reduced IL-8 secretion under the influence of IL-1β. Surprisingly, real-time PCR analysis and RPA revealed that the inhibitory effect of IFNγ on IL-8 was not associated with significant changes in mRNA levels. These observations concurred with lack of a modulatory activity of IFNγ on IL-1β-induced NF-κB activation as assessed by cellular IκB levels. Moreover, analysis of intracellular IL-8 suggests that IFNγ modulated IL-8 secretion by action on the posttranslational level. In contrast to IL-8, IL-1β-induced cyclooxygenase-2 expression and release of IL-6 were not affected by IFNγ indicating that modulation of IL-1β action by this cytokine displays specificity. Conclusion Data presented herein agree with an angiostatic role of IFNγ as seen in rodent models of solid tumors and suggest that increasing T helper type 1 (Th1-like functions in lung cancer patients e.g. by local delivery of IFNγ may mediate therapeutic benefit via mechanisms that potentially include modulation of pro-angiogenic IL-8.

Evaluating ESWL-induced renal injury based on urinary TNF-α, IL-1α, and IL-6 levels.

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Goktas, Cemal; Coskun, Abdurrahman; Bicik, Zerrin; Horuz, Rahim; Unsal, Ibrahim; Serteser, Mustafa; Albayrak, Selami; Sarıca, Kemal

2012-10-01

Extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (ESWL) has dramatically changed the treatment of urinary lithiasis and has been the first treatment option for the majority of patients for more than two decades. Despite its significant benefits, it induces acute renal injury that extends from the papilla to the outer cortex. We evaluated the severity of the inflammatory response to ESWL by measuring the urinary excretion of the cytokines TNF-α, IL-1α, and IL-6. The study included 21 selected patients and 14 control subjects. All patients underwent the same ESWL procedure (2,500 shockwaves at 100 shockwaves/min and 0.039 J from the lithotripter). Urine TNF-α, IL-1α, and IL-6 levels were measured using standard ELISA kits. In the study population (patients and controls), we did not detect TNF-α in the urine samples. The levels of both IL-1α (2.5 pg/ml) and IL-6 (3.8 pg/ml) measured before ESWL were not significantly different from the control group (2.5 and 5.2 pg/ml, respectively; p > 0.05). Twenty-four hours after ESWL, in contrast to IL-1α (4 pg/ml), urine IL-6 (19.7 pg/ml) increased significantly (p ESWL, IL-1α increased to 5 pg/ml, while IL-6 (7 pg/ml) decreased to the control level. Urine cytokine levels may be used to evaluate the inflammatory response to ESWL. After ESWL, IL-6 levels increased in the early phase, while IL-1α levels increased later. These two markers may be used to measure the severity of inflammation. In contrast to IL-1α and IL-6, urine TNF-α excretion was not increased by ESWL. We believe that the inflammatory response to ESWL can be detected by the urinary excretion of IL-1α for up to 14 days.

Evaluation of IL-4, IL-17, and IFN-γ Levels in PatientsWith Breast Cancer

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Mina Rohani Borj

2017-03-01

Full Text Available Introduction: Tumor growth depends on intrinsic properties of malignant tumor and tumor microenvironment. Cytokines are secreted substances of the tumor microenvironment which are widely produced by tumor and immune cells. The aim of this research was to evaluate concentrations of interleukin 4 (IL-4, interleukin 7 (IL-17 and interferon gamma (IFN-γ in the breast cancer microenvironment. Methods: One hundred sixteen women between 18-73 years of age (61.15 ± 24.39 were enrolled in this study. Based on pathologic diagnostic assessment, patients were divided into 2 categories: those affected with benign breast tumor, and the subjects suffering from malignant breast tumors. Biopsy specimens were collected. Following homogenization, IFN-γ, IL-17, and IL-4 concentrations were determined in tumor tissues, adjacent tissues of the tumor, and blood serum samples of these 2 groups of patients by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA method. Results: Concentrations of IFN-γ, IL-17, and IL-4 were measured in tumor tissue samples, adjacent tissues of the tumor, and blood serum samples in both groups. Malignant breast tumor samples had significantly higher concentrations of IL-4 and IL-17 compared with benign breast tumor samples. And also the concentration of IFN-γ in adjacent tissues of the tumor and in blood serums in patients with malignant breast tumors was significantly higher than that in the benign breast tumor samples. However, there was no significant difference between the concentration of IFN-γ in neoplastic breast tumor tissues and that in the benign breast tumor tissues (P > 0. 05. Conclusion: Our data indicated that IL-17 and IL-4 cytokines but not IFN-γ had higher concentrations in the subjects with malignant tumor compared with those with benign tumor. The present findings indicated that the concentrations of IL-4 and IL-17 in tumor tissues may be associated with the severity of breast malignancy.

A preliminary study on the association of single nucleotide polymorphisms of interleukin 4 (IL4, IL13, IL4 receptor alpha (IL4Rα & Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4 genes with asthma in Indian adults

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Parisa Davoodi

2015-01-01

Full Text Available Background & objectives: Interleukin 4 (IL4 and IL13 genes are believed to be responsible for inflammation of the airways in asthmatics. These share a common receptor component called IL4Rα which is another potentially important candidate gene linked to asthma phenotypes. Another gene Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4 might affect the incidence or progression of asthma through the expression of proinflammatory genes. Several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs in IL4, IL13, IL4Rα and TLR4 have been reported to be linked to asthma or related phenotypes in several ethnic populations using linkage studies and association studies. However, the results have not been consistent. We investigated five SNPs (C-589T and C-33T of IL4, G+2044A of IL13, A+1902G of IL4Rα, and A+896G of TLR4 in patients with adult onset asthma to evaluate their role in manifestation and severity of asthma. Methods: Adult (>18 yr of age patients with asthma (n=100 and healthy controls (n=50 were included in the study. Genotyping was performed using sequenom MassARRAY technology. Results: The mutant alleles of the C-589T and C-33T SNPs in the promoter region of IL4 were present in 4 per cent patients with asthma but absent from the control group suggesting that the variations in IL4 may contribute to asthma occurrence. The SNPs of other genes were seen in both controls and patients. Interpretation & conclusions: The results suggest the possible association between the genetic distribution of C-589T and C-33T SNPs of IL4 with asthma in Indian adults.

IL-17 for therapy.

Science.gov (United States)

Kurschus, Florian C; Moos, Sonja

2017-09-01

The cytokine IL-17 is now a target for an array of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies supposed to treat a variety of inflammatory diseases. The forerunner Secukinumab, an IL-17A neutralizing antibody, is meanwhile approved as first-line treatments for moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis, and as second-line treatment for psoriatic arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis. Ixekizumab and Brodalumab, both also targeting the IL-17 pathway, were also recently approved by the FDA for plaque psoriasis. Using mice overexpressing IL-17A in a tissue of choice, we showed that the ectopic expression of this cytokine in keratinocytes resulted in a spontaneous and very strong form of psoriasis-like dermatitis. Interestingly, this model showed some typical comorbidities found in humans with psoriasis. In this review, we will discuss why IL-17 is a good target especially in psoriasis and what we learned from mouse models about its functions in pathological situations. Copyright © 2017 Japanese Society for Investigative Dermatology. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Endogenous IL-1 in Cognitive Function and Anxiety: A Study in IL-1RI−/− Mice

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Murray, Carol L.; Obiang, Pauline; Bannerman, David; Cunningham, Colm

2013-01-01

Interleukin-1 (IL-1) is a key pro-inflammatory cytokine, produced predominantly by peripheral immune cells but also by glia and some neuronal populations within the brain. Its signalling is mediated via the binding of IL-1α or IL-1β to the interleukin-1 type one receptor (IL-1RI). IL-1 plays a key role in inflammation-induced sickness behaviour, resulting in depressed locomotor activity, decreased exploration, reduced food and water intake and acute cognitive deficits. Conversely, IL-1 has also been suggested to facilitate hippocampal-dependent learning and memory: IL-1RI−/− mice have been reported to show deficits on tasks of visuospatial learning and memory. We sought to investigate whether there is a generalised hippocampal deficit in IL-1RI−/− animals. Therefore, in the current study we compared wildtype (WT) mice to IL-1RI−/− mice using a variety of hippocampal-dependent learning and memory tasks, as well as tests of anxiety and locomotor activity. We found no difference in performance of the IL-1RI−/− mice compared to WT mice in a T-maze working memory task. In addition, the IL-1RI−/− mice showed normal learning in various spatial reference memory tasks including the Y-maze and Morris mater maze, although there was a subtle deficit in choice behaviour in a spatial discrimination, beacon watermaze task. IL-1RI−/− mice also showed normal memory for visuospatial context in the contextual fear conditioning paradigm. In the open field, IL-1RI−/− mice showed a significant increase in distance travelled and rearing behaviour compared to the WT mice and in the elevated plus-maze spent more time in the open arms than did the WT animals. The data suggest that, contrary to prior studies, IL-1RI−/− mice are not robustly impaired on hippocampal-dependent memory and learning but do display open field hyperactivity and decreased anxiety compared to WT mice. The results argue for a careful evaluation of the roles of endogenous IL-1 in

Preferential binding to Elk-1 by SLE-associated IL10 risk allele upregulates IL10 expression.

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Daisuke Sakurai

Full Text Available Immunoregulatory cytokine interleukin-10 (IL-10 is elevated in sera from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE correlating with disease activity. The established association of IL10 with SLE and other autoimmune diseases led us to fine map causal variant(s and to explore underlying mechanisms. We assessed 19 tag SNPs, covering the IL10 gene cluster including IL19, IL20 and IL24, for association with SLE in 15,533 case and control subjects from four ancestries. The previously reported IL10 variant, rs3024505 located at 1 kb downstream of IL10, exhibited the strongest association signal and was confirmed for association with SLE in European American (EA (P = 2.7×10⁻⁸, OR = 1.30, but not in non-EA ancestries. SNP imputation conducted in EA dataset identified three additional SLE-associated SNPs tagged by rs3024505 (rs3122605, rs3024493 and rs3024495 located at 9.2 kb upstream, intron 3 and 4 of IL10, respectively, and SLE-risk alleles of these SNPs were dose-dependently associated with elevated levels of IL10 mRNA in PBMCs and circulating IL-10 protein in SLE patients and controls. Using nuclear extracts of peripheral blood cells from SLE patients for electrophoretic mobility shift assays, we identified specific binding of transcription factor Elk-1 to oligodeoxynucleotides containing the risk (G allele of rs3122605, suggesting rs3122605 as the most likely causal variant regulating IL10 expression. Elk-1 is known to be activated by phosphorylation and nuclear localization to induce transcription. Of interest, phosphorylated Elk-1 (p-Elk-1 detected only in nuclear extracts of SLE PBMCs appeared to increase with disease activity. Co-expression levels of p-Elk-1 and IL-10 were elevated in SLE T, B cells and monocytes, associated with increased disease activity in SLE B cells, and were best downregulated by ERK inhibitor. Taken together, our data suggest that preferential binding of activated Elk-1 to the IL10 rs3122605-G allele

Nouvelle architecture électromagnétique à réluctance variable excitée pour accumulateur électromécanique d'énergie

OpenAIRE

Gergaud , Olivier; BEN AHMED , Hamid; Multon , Bernard; Bernard , Nicolas

2001-01-01

International audience; Cet article traite d'un moteur-générateur original destiné au stockage électromécanique d'énergie. Il est de type synchrone à excitation homopolaire fixe, à bobinage d'induit dans l'entrefer et d'architecture discoïde pour une meilleure intégration au volant d'inertie. Il ne doit pas perturber les suspensions magnétiques du dispositif, pour cela nous avons mené une étude détaillée des efforts magnétiques, notamment parasites, générés dans cette structure. Une méthode p...

Le point de vue de la philosophie: L'entreprise idéologique

OpenAIRE

Pesqueux , Yvon

2004-01-01

Parler de l'entreprise conduit à questionner ce qui fonde le discours – scientifique ou médiatique – qui permette d'en parler. Et c'est bien en cela qu'il est nécessaire d'approfondir l'univers de l'idéologie et de la croyance qui est celui dans lequel modèle, image, métaphore et figure de l'entreprise plongent leurs racines dans la mesure où l'usage de ces notions, quand on les applique à l'entreprise, conduit à créer un monde qui soit cohérent avec ce qu'ils portent en eux. L'idéologie comm...

IL-4 enhances IL-10 production in Th1 cells: implications for Th1 and Th2 regulation.

Science.gov (United States)

Mitchell, Ruth E; Hassan, Masriana; Burton, Bronwen R; Britton, Graham; Hill, Elaine V; Verhagen, Johan; Wraith, David C

2017-09-12

IL-10 is an immunomodulatory cytokine with a critical role in limiting inflammation in immune-mediated pathologies. The mechanisms leading to IL-10 expression by CD4 + T cells are being elucidated, with several cytokines implicated. We explored the effect of IL-4 on the natural phenomenon of IL-10 production by a chronically stimulated antigen-specific population of differentiated Th1 cells. In vitro, IL-4 blockade inhibited while addition of exogenous IL-4 to Th1 cultures enhanced IL-10 production. In the in vivo setting of peptide immunotherapy leading to a chronically stimulated Th1 phenotype, lack of IL-4Rα inhibited the induction of IL-10. Exploring the interplay of Th1 and Th2 cells through co-culture, Th2-derived IL-4 promoted IL-10 expression by Th1 cultures, reducing their pathogenicity in vivo. Co-culture led to upregulated c-Maf expression with no decrease in the proportion of T-bet + cells in these cultures. Addition of IL-4 also reduced the encephalitogenic capacity of Th1 cultures. These data demonstrate that IL-4 contributes to IL-10 production and that Th2 cells modulate Th1 cultures towards a self-regulatory phenotype, contributing to the cross-regulation of Th1 and Th2 cells. These findings are important in the context of Th1 driven diseases since they reveal how the Th1 phenotype and function can be modulated by IL-4.

Potentiel de production de biogaz à partir de résidus agricoles ou de cultures dédiées en France

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ALMANSOUR, Essam

2011-02-01

Full Text Available Et si on destinait une part importante des résidus agricoles à la production de biogaz ? Encore faut-il évaluer les ressources mobilisables, les taux de résidus disponibles, les moyens de collecte permettant la production ainsi que les rendements envisageables en fonction des cultures utilisées. L'étude présentée ici laisse entrevoir un potentiel important largement sous-estimé.

Règlement institutionnel Déplacements

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Julie Pépin

hospitalité », et « privilège », ces derniers tarifs étant associés à des niveaux de service différents. Conjoint de ... Classe premium de service qu'offrent des compagnies aériennes précises sur certains itinéraires et à laquelle ..... plus de 250 kilomètres), il faut toujours comparer le tarif aérien le plus bas aux coûts associés ...

Aspects épidemiologiques et thérapeutiques des hydrocèles ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

E.V. Sewa

[8] ont décrit des tests immunologiques per- mettant de détecter des marqueurs dans le liquide d'hydrocèle mais les préconisent pour le suivi et la surveillance des patients en zone d'endémie. Il faut dire que ces tests ne sont pas disponibles chez nous. Tous nos patients ont été opérés. La voie d'abord a été inguinale.

Marketing; Il marketing

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Muscigna, M [ENEA, Centro Ricerche Casaccia, S. Maria di Galeria, RM (Italy). Dipt. Innovazione

1999-07-01

The report discusses marketing strategies oriented to the organizations and analyzes its critical factors, which determine the success of the organization activity. [Italian] Il rapporto analizza i caratteri delle strategie del marketing orientato all'impresa. Vengono infine analizzati i fattori critici che determinano il successo o l'insuccesso delle scelte aziendali.

L'Utopie comme esquisse d'un avenir meilleur

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Hervé Ondoua

2012-12-01

Full Text Available Le postmodernisme se donne explicitement comme une philosophie de la mondialisation. En occident, Jacques Derrida, par sa déconstruction, est l’un des penseurs qui anime le débat postmoderne en considérant que notre ère manque la fin de rationalité, du progrès et de la recherche d’un sens. La déconstruction se définit comme l’ensemble des techniques et stratégies utilisées par Derrida pour démonter, fissurer et déplacer toute logique universelle. Par le mécanisme de la différance, l’homme sort de tout cadre originaire (grands ensembles, méta récits, seul demeure la trace. L’homme pris dans la trace marque son refus de solidarité avec tout centre, tout principe, toute origine, etc. Cette idée est radicalisée par le légiste, personnage emblématique dans l���Utopie de Thomas More. En effet, le légiste fait l’éloge de la justice sévère anglaise. Partant de la théorie socio-biologiste selon laquelle les comportements sociaux sont génétiques, le légiste dans l’Utopie de More soutient qu’il faut une justice sévère, inflexible, rigide pour nettoyer la cité de ces maux. Dans ce sens, il faut condamner autant d’individus à la potence, car les maux sociaux sont naturels et innées. C’est contre cette approche néolibérale que s’insurge Thomas More. Tout comme les mouvements de gauches, l’Utopie de More explique les maux sociaux par les injustices sociales, la démission de la société, et surtout le manque de l’éducation. Du coup, avec l’Utopie, il s’agit de relativiser le monde dans lequel nous vivons : un autre monde est possible que celui dans lequel nous vivons. Partant delà, l’utopie notamment celle de Francis Bacon ou Thomas More, n’est-elle pas un genre littéraire altermondialiste ? Si la logique néolibérale impose son diktat et pose le principe selon lequel il n’y a pas d’alternative autre que ce que nous offre le capitalisme, ne faut-il pas voir dans l’Utopie, un

Construction of an expression system for bioactive IL-18 and generation of recombinant canine distemper virus expressing IL-18.

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Liu, Yuxiu; Sato, Hiroki; Hamana, Masahiro; Moonan, Navita Anisia; Yoneda, Misako; Xia, Xianzhu; Kai, Chieko

2014-09-01

Interleukin 18 (IL-18) plays an important role in the T-helper-cell type 1 immune response against intracellular parasites, bacteria and viral infections. It has been widely used as an adjuvant for vaccines and as an anticancer agent. However, IL-18 protein lacks a typical signal sequence and requires cleavage into its mature active form by caspase 1. In this study, we constructed mammalian expression vectors carrying cDNA encoding mature canine IL-18 (cIL-18) or mouse IL-18 (mIL-18) fused to the human IL-2 (hIL-2) signal sequence. The expressed proIL-18 proteins were processed to their mature forms in the cells. The supernatants of cells transfected with these plasmids induced high interferon-γ production in canine peripheral blood mononuclear cells or mouse splenocytes, respectively, indicating the secretion of bioactive IL-18. Using reverse genetics, we also generated a recombinant canine distemper virus that expresses cIL-18 or mIL-18 fused to the hIL-2 signal sequence. As expected, both recombinant viruses produced mature IL-18 in the infected cells, which secreted bioactive IL-18. These results indicate that the signal sequence from hIL-2 is suitable for the secretion of mature IL-18. These recombinant viruses can also potentially be used as immunoadjuvants and agents for anticancer therapies in vivo.

La stigmatisation particulière du pédéraste passif dans les enquêtes de médecine légale dans la premiere partie du xixe siècle

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Thierry Pastorello

2010-01-01

Full Text Available Les enquêtes de médecine légale dans la première partie du xixe siècle sont les premiers travaux envisageant la pratique de l’homosexualité masculine sous l’angle scientifique. Deux figures sont primordiales : le docteur Pierre-Jean-Georges Cabanis (1757-1808 membre des idéologues et qui entendait faire de la médecine la pièce maîtresse d’une science de l’homme et Ambroise Tardieu 1818-1879 professeur de médecine légale à Paris auteur d’un traité vu comme un aboutissement de ces études médico-légales. Il faut signaler l’influence de la phrénologie. Ces médecins définissent des stigmates physiques et moraux propres à la pratique de la pédérastie, surtout passive et à l’occasion définissent un personnage type. Ces discours relèvent d’abord d’une phraséologie morale et ils puisent leurs racines antérieurement. Cependant il faut aussi replacer ces discours stigmatisant la pédérastie passive dans le contexte de la construction de la virilité moderne. Il faut aussi placer la médecine légale dans le contexte de la médecine et de ses évolutions.The particular stigmatization of the passive pederast in the inquiries of forensic medecine in the first part of the XIX centuryForensic medicine in the first part of the 19th century investigations are first work considering the practice of male homosexuality in scientific terms. Two figures are crucial: the Dr. Pierre-Jean-Georges Cabanis (1757-1808 the ideologists member and intended to do medicine the centrepiece of a human science and Ambroise Tardieu 1818 - 1879 Professor of forensic medicine in Paris author of a treaty as a culmination of these forensic studies. It should be noted the influence of the phrenology. These physicians define physical stigma and moral own practice of pederasty, especially passive and during the define a type character. These speeches are firstly a moral phraseology and they draw their roots previously. However we also

The role of IL-17 in psoriasis.

Science.gov (United States)

Malakouti, Mona; Brown, Gabrielle Elena; Wang, Eva; Koo, John; Levin, Ethan C

2015-02-01

Psoriasis is a chronic skin condition traditionally believed to involve the Th1 pathway. Recently, the IL-23/Th17/IL-17 pathway has been highlighted in the pathogenesis of psoriasis and other autoimmune inflammatory conditions. From a clinician's perspective, we sought to review the basic science data relevant to IL-17's role in psoriasis pathogenesis. We performed a Pubmed and Web of Knowledge search for English articles starting from 1990 that discussed the Th17 pathway. Search terms such as "IL-17" and "psoriasis" were utilized. The IL-17 pathway is regulated by IL-23, a cytokine that is vital for the expansion and maintenance of the Th17 cell population. Th17 derived cytokines (IL-17A, IL-17F, IL-17A/F and IL-22) were elevated in both psoriasis-like murine models and human psoriatic lesional biopsies. Ixekizumab (anti-IL-17A) treatment of psoriasis was found to normalize levels of IL-17 downstream gene products. Both preclinical and clinical studies support the central role of IL-17 in the pathogenesis of psoriasis.

Plasma cytokine profile in tropical endomyocardial fibrosis: predominance of TNF-a, IL-4 and IL-10.

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Aline S Bossa

Full Text Available BACKGROUND: The participation of immune/inflammatory mechanisms in the pathogenesis of tropical endomyocardial fibrosis (EMF has been suggested by the finding of early blood and myocardial eosinophilia. However, the inflammatory activation status of late-stage EMF patients is still unknown. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We evaluated pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine levels in plasma samples from late stage EMF patients. Cytokine levels of Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF-α, Interferon (IFN-γ, Interleukin (IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, and IL-10 were assayed in plasma samples from 27 EMF patients and compared with those of healthy control subjects. All EMF patients displayed detectable plasma levels of at least one of the cytokines tested. We found that TNF-α, IL-6, IL-4, and IL-10 were each detected in at least 74% of tested sera, and plasma levels of IL-10, IL-4, and TNF-α were significantly higher than those of controls. Plasma levels of such cytokines positively correlated with each other. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: The mixed pro- and anti-inflammatory/Th2circulating cytokine profile in EMF is consistent with the presence of a persistent inflammatory stimulus. On the other hand, the detection of increased levels of TNF-α may be secondary to the cardiovascular involvement observed in these patients, whereas IL-4 and IL-10 may have been upregulated as a homeostatic mechanism to buffer both production and deleterious cardiovascular effects of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Further studies might establish whether these findings play a role in disease pathogenesis.

IL17eScan: A Tool for the Identification of Peptides Inducing IL-17 Response

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Sudheer Gupta

2017-10-01

Full Text Available IL-17 cytokines are pro-inflammatory cytokines and are crucial in host defense against various microbes. Induction of these cytokines by microbial antigens has been investigated in the case of ischemic brain injury, gingivitis, candidiasis, autoimmune myocarditis, etc. In this study, we have investigated the ability of amino acid sequence of antigens to induce IL-17 response using machine-learning approaches. A total of 338 IL-17-inducing and 984 IL-17 non-inducing peptides were retrieved from Immune Epitope Database. 80% of the data were randomly selected as training dataset and rest 20% as validation dataset. To predict the IL-17-inducing ability of peptides/protein antigens, different sequence-based machine-learning models were developed. The performance of support vector machine (SVM and random forest (RF was compared with different parameters to predict IL-17-inducing epitopes (IIEs. The dipeptide composition-based SVM-model displayed an accuracy of 82.4% with Matthews correlation coefficient = 0.62 at polynomial (t = 1 kernel on 10-fold cross-validation and outperformed RF. Amino acid residues Leu, Ser, Arg, Asn, and Phe and dipeptides LL, SL, LK, IL, LI, NL, LR, FK, SF, and LE are abundant in IIEs. The present tool helps in the identification of IIEs using machine-learning approaches. The induction of IL-17 plays an important role in several inflammatory diseases, and identification of such epitopes would be of great help to the immunologists. It is freely available at http://metagenomics.iiserb.ac.in/IL17eScan/ and http://metabiosys.iiserb.ac.in/IL17eScan/.

IL-1 receptor-antagonist (IL-1Ra) knockout mice show anxiety-like behavior by aging.

Science.gov (United States)

Wakabayashi, Chisato; Numakawa, Tadahiro; Odaka, Haruki; Ooshima, Yoshiko; Kiyama, Yuji; Manabe, Toshiya; Kunugi, Hiroshi; Iwakura, Yoichiro

2015-07-10

Interleukin 1 (IL-1) plays a critical role in stress responses, and its mRNA is induced in the brain by restraint stress. Previously, we reported that IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) knockout (KO) mice, which lacked IL-1Ra molecules that antagonize the IL-1 receptor, showed anti-depression-like behavior via adrenergic modulation at the age of 8 weeks. Here, we report that IL-1Ra KO mice display an anxiety-like phenotype that is induced spontaneously by aging in the elevated plus-maze (EPM) test. This anxiety-like phenotype was improved by the administration of diazepam. The expression of the anxiety-related molecule glucocorticoid receptor (GR) was significantly reduced in 20-week-old but not in 11-week-old IL-1Ra KO mice compared to wild-type (WT) littermates. The expression of the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) was not altered between IL-1Ra KO mice and WT littermates at either 11 or 20 weeks old. Analysis of monoamine concentration in the hippocampus revealed that tryptophan, the serotonin metabolite 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid (5-HIAA), and the dopamine metabolite homovanillic acid (HVA) were significantly increased in 20-week-old IL-1Ra KO mice compared to littermate WT mice. These findings strongly suggest that the anxiety-like behavior observed in older mice was caused by the complicated alteration of monoamine metabolism and/or GR expression in the hippocampus. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

Marketing; Il marketing

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Muscigna, M. [ENEA, Centro Ricerche Casaccia, S. Maria di Galeria, RM (Italy). Dipt. Innovazione

1999-07-01

The report discusses marketing strategies oriented to the organizations and analyzes its critical factors, which determine the success of the organization activity. [Italian] Il rapporto analizza i caratteri delle strategie del marketing orientato all'impresa. Vengono infine analizzati i fattori critici che determinano il successo o l'insuccesso delle scelte aziendali.

Viva il GIS Day!

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Redazione Redazione

2007-03-01

Full Text Available Il GIS Day è sponsorizzato oltre che da ESRI, dalla National Geographic Society, dalla Association of American Geographers, dalla UCGIS (University Consortium for Geographic Information Science, dalla United States Geological Survey e dalla Library of Congress. Il tutto nasce nel corso della Geography Awareness Week, terza settimana di novembre che nel 1987 il Presidente degli Stati Uniti Ronald Reagan stabilì dovesse essere dedicata alla diffusione della cultura geografica.

Analysis of IL-6, IL-10 and NF-κB Gene Polymorphisms in Aggressive and Chronic Periodontitis.

Science.gov (United States)

Toker, Hülya; Görgün, Emine Pirim; Korkmaz, Ertan Mahir

2017-06-01

Pro-inflammatory cytokines, interleukin-6 (IL-6), demonstrated to be suppressed by interleukin-10 (IL-10) are known to be regulated by the transcription factor nuclear factor-κB(NF-κB). The aim of this study was to ascertain the association between genetic polymorphism of these genes (IL-6(-174), IL-10(-597) and NF-κB1-94ins/del)) and chronic/aggressive periodontitis. Forty-five patients with chronic periodontitis (CP), 58 patients with aggressive periodontitis (AP) and 38 periodontally healthy subjects were included in this study. Genomic DNA was isolated from whole blood samples. The NF-κB, IL-6, and IL-10 polymorphisms were determined by the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method. Among subjects for the ins/ins genotypes of NF-κB1 gene, the AA genotypes of IL-10 presented a higher frequency in chronic periodontitis group than in healthy controls (p=0.023). A statistically significant difference in genotyping frequencies between AP group and healthy controls was observed for the IL-6 gene. The AA genotype of IL-10 was overrepresented in CP and AP groups compared to healthy controls (OR=9.93, 95% CI: 2.11-46.7, OR=5.7, 95% CI: 1.22-26.89, respectively). Within the limits of this study, it can be concluded that the IL-10 (-597) AA genotype is associated with susceptibility to chronic/aggressive periodontitis and IL-6 (-174) GG genotypes and G allele seems to be associated with aggressive periodontitis. Clinical relevance: The results of the current study indicate that IL-6 and IL-10 genotypes seem to be associated with aggressive periodontitis. Also, the AA genotypes of IL-10 presented a higher frequency in chronic periodontitis subjects with carrying NF-κB1 ins/ins genotypes. Copyright© by the National Institute of Public Health, Prague 2017

IL-12 and IL-23 modulate plasticity of FoxP3+ regulatory T cells in human Leprosy.

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Tarique, Mohd; Saini, Chaman; Naqvi, Raza Ali; Khanna, Neena; Sharma, Alpana; Rao, D N

2017-03-01

Leprosy is a bacterial disease caused by M. leprae. Its clinical spectrum reflects the host's immune response to the M. leprae and provide an ideal model to investigate the host pathogen interaction and immunological dysregulation. Tregs are high in leprosy patients and responsible for immune suppression of the host by producing IL-10 and TGF-β cytokines. In leprosy, plasticity of Tregs remain unstudied. This is the first study describing the conversion of Tregs into Th1-like and Th17-like cells using in vitro cytokine therapy in leprosy patients. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from leprosy patients were isolated and stimulated with M. leprae antigen (MLCwA), rIL-12 and rIL-23 for 48h. Expression of FoxP3 in CD4 + CD25 + Tregs, intracellular cytokines IFN-γ, TGF-β, IL-10 and IL-17 in Tregs cells were evaluated by flow cytometry (FACS) after stimulation. rIL-12 treatment increases the levels of pStat4 in Tregs and IFN-γ production. In the presence of rIL-23, pStat3 + and IL-17A + cells increase. rIL-12 and r-IL-23 treatment downregulated the FoxP3 expression, IL-10 and TGF-β production by Tregs and enhances the expression of co-stimulatory molecules (CD80, CD86). In conclusion rIL-12 converts Tregs into IFN-γ producing cells through STAT-4 signaling while rIL-23 converts Tregs into IL-17 producing cells through STAT-3 signaling in leprosy patients. This study may helpful to provide a new avenue to overcome the immunosuprression in leprosy patients using in vitro cytokine. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Action multisectorielle en matière de prévention des maladies non ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Cela est particulièrement vrai chez les pauvres, qui n'ont pas accès aux soins ni aux médicaments appropriés. Il arrive souvent qu'une même personne souffre à la fois d'une maladie transmissible et d'une MNT, l'une pouvant accroître le risque de contracter l'autre ou en aggraver les effets. D'après les prévisions actuelles, ...

Adolescents palestiniens et stress post-traumatique (PACT) - phase III

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Les conflits violents, cela a été maintes fois démontré, entraînent de graves problèmes sociaux et de santé mentale à long terme chez les enfants et les adolescents qui y sont exposés. Si, dans les pays développés, il est généralement accepté qu'une personne cherche à consulter un psychologue ou un psychiatre, un tel ...

AS_572_A4 OK

African Journals Online (AJOL)

AKA BOKO

à 34 % (Dron et Brivot, 1977). Cela veut dire que l'addition minérale contient une phase vitreuse appréciable. L'indice d'activité. L'indice d'activité noté I est une caractéristique importante, il est calculé en faisant le rapport entre les résistances à la compression à 28 jours du mortier de référence sans addition minérale et ...

IL-27 Activates Human Trophoblasts to Express IP-10 and IL-6: Implications in the Immunopathophysiology of Preeclampsia

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Nanlin Yin

2014-01-01

Full Text Available Purpose. To investigate the effects of IL-27 on human trophoblasts and the underlying regulatory signaling mechanisms in preeclampsia. Methods. The expression of IL-27 and IL-27 receptor (WSX-1 was studied in the placenta or sera from patients with preeclampsia. In vitro, we investigated the effects of IL-27 alone or in combination with inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α on the proinflammatory activation of human trophoblast cells (HTR-8/SVneo and the underlying intracellular signaling molecules. Results. The expression of IL-27 and IL-27 receptor α (WSX-1 was significantly elevated in the trophoblastic cells from the placenta of patients with preeclampsia compared with control specimens. In vitro, IL-27 could induce the expression of inflammatory factors IFN-γ-inducible protein 10 (CXCL10/IP-10 and IL-6 in trophoblasts, and a synergistic effect was observed in the combined treatment of IL-27 and TNF-α on the release of IP-10 and IL-6. Furthermore, the production of IP-10 and IL-6 stimulated by IL-27 was differentially regulated by intracellular activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-OH kinase-AKT, p38MAPK, and JAK/STAT pathways. Conclusions. These results provide a new insight into the IL-27-activated immunopathological effects mediated by distinct intracellular signal transduction molecules in preeclampsia.

Expressions of TNF-α, IL-1α and IL-6 in bronchiolar epithelium after thoracic irradiation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Yang Kunyu; Hu Yu; Ruebe Claudia; Ruebe Christian

2006-01-01

Objective: To investigate temporal and spatial releases of proinflam matory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1α and IL-6 in the lung tissue after thoracic irradiation in C57BL/6J mice. Methods: Mice were irradiated with 12 Gy to whole lungs, and control mice were sham-irradiated. Mice were sacrificed at hours 0.5, 1, 3, 6, 12, 24, 48 and 72 and weeks 1, 2, 4, 8, 16 and 24 after thoracic irradiation or sham-irradiation. Expressions of TNF-a and IL-1α, IL-6 proteins were detected with immuno-histochemistry. Results: At hour 6 after thoracic irradiation, the expression of TNF-α protein increased significantly, and at hour 12 after thoracic irradiation, the expressions of IL-1α and IL-6 proteins increased significantly, too. The bronchiolar epithelium was the most prominent source of these inflammatory cytokines in the first hours. During the stage of acute pneumonitis, the bronchiolar epithelium, as well as inflammatory cells in the lung interstitium, produced high amounts of TNF-α, IL-1α and IL-6. Conclusions: It was demonstrated that immediate expressions of TNF-α, IL-1α and IL-6 occurred in the bronchiolar epithelium after lung irradiation, and a long-lasting release by the bronchiolar and alveolar epithelium, and inflammatory cells during acute pneumonitis. Therefore, the bronchiolar epithelium is a significant source of proinflammatory cytokines capable of promoting inflammation through recruitment and activation of inflammatory cells after lung irradiation. (authors)

Distinct licensing of IL-18 and IL-1β secretion in response to NLRP3 inflammasome activation.

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Rebecca L Schmidt

Full Text Available Inflammasome activation permits processing of interleukins (IL-1β and 18 and elicits cell death (pyroptosis. Whether these responses are independently licensed or are "hard-wired" consequences of caspase-1 (casp1 activity has not been clear. Here, we show that that each of these responses is independently regulated following activation of NLRP3 inflammasomes by a "non-canonical" stimulus, the secreted Listeria monocytogenes (Lm p60 protein. Primed murine dendritic cells (DCs responded to p60 stimulation with reactive oxygen species (ROS production and secretion of IL-1β and IL-18 but not pyroptosis. Inhibitors of ROS production inhibited secretion of IL-1β, but did not impair IL-18 secretion. Furthermore, DCs from caspase-11 (casp11-deficient 129S6 mice failed to secrete IL-1β in response to p60 but were fully responsive for IL-18 secretion. These findings reveal that there are distinct licensing requirements for processing of IL-18 versus IL-1β by NLRP3 inflammasomes.

Il bizzarro mondo dei quanti

CERN Document Server

Camejo, Silvia Arroyo

2008-01-01

Scritto prima dell'esame di maturità da una giovane di eccezionale talento, questo libro colma il vuoto esistente tra la letteratura divulgativa sulla fisica quantistica, che normalmente evita ogni formula matematica, e la letteratura specialistica, ben farcita, invece, di matematica avanzata. L'autrice, appena diciannovenne, con l'ausilio della sola matematica della scuola superiore, introduce il lettore ai principi della fisica dei quanti. Se ne ricava uno sguardo profondo sul microcosmo, il regno affascinante delle particelle elementari: oggetti il cui comportamento si distingue in modo drastico e fondamentale da tutto ciò a cui è avvezzo il nostro umano buonsenso. "Un libro... che avrei desiderato avere a 17 anni". Silvia Arroyo Camejo "In modo assolutamente preciso dal punto di vista fisico, l'autrice spiega con grande passione e divertimento i fondamenti della moderna fisica quantistica ... " Prof. Reinhold A. Bertlmann "Un libro stupefacente di un'autrice straordinaria! Si avverte il suo entusiasmo ...

Polymorphic variations in IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-10 genes, their circulating serum levels and breast cancer risk in Indian women.

Science.gov (United States)

Pooja, Singh; Chaudhary, Preeti; Nayak, Lakshma V; Rajender, Singh; Saini, Karan Singh; Deol, Debashish; Kumar, Sandeep; Bid, Hemant Kumar; Konwar, Rituraj

2012-10-01

Cytokines are known as important regulators of the entire gamut of cancer from initiation, invasion and metastasis. This fact and plethora of gene polymorphism data prompted us to investigate cytokine gene polymorphisms in breast cancer (BC) patients. Selected polymorphisms in the IL-1β [-511 T>C (rs16944) and +3954 C>T (rs1143634)]; IL-6 [-174 G>C (rs1800795)]; IL-10 [-1082 A>G (rs1800896), -819 T>C (rs1800871) and -592 A>C (rs1800872)] genes were genotyped in 200 BC patients and 200 healthy volunteers in a case-control study using PCR-RFLP and direct DNA sequencing techniques. Peripheral cytokine levels were measured using ELISA. Allele and genotype data were analyzed for significance of differences between cases and controls using Chi-Square [χ(2)] test. Two sided P-values of less than 0.05 were considered to be statistically significant. Peripheral level of all three cytokines did not show any significant difference between cases and controls. Allele and genotype frequency of IL-1β [-511 T>C (rs16944)] did not show any difference between cases and controls. On the other hand mutant allele and genotype at IL-1β [+3954 C>T (rs1143634)] associated with increased risk of BC. This was also true for pre-menopausal cases and for mutant genotype in post-menopausal cases. Mutant allele and genotypes at IL-6 [-174 G>C (rs1800795)] appeared to be protective in nature such that controls had a higher frequency of both mutant alleles and genotypes. None of the three SNPs in IL-10 gene associated with risk of BC, except significant association of mutant allele and genotypes of -1082 A>G (rs1800896) polymorphism with postmenopausal BC. Mutant allele and genotype at IL-1β [+3954 C>T (rs1143634)] site associated with increased BC risk, while mutant allele and genotypes at IL-6 [-174 G>C (rs1800795)] polymorphism appeared to be protective. Also, there was significant association of mutant allele and genotypes of IL-10 [-1082 A>G (rs1800896)] with postmenopausal BC. None of

Interleukin (IL)-17A and IL-17F and asthma in Saudi Arabia: mRNA ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Win-07

IL17A and IL17F were significantly higher in asthma patients compared to controls [IL17A: 1.112 (2.088) vs 0.938 ... Asthma is a frequently encountered chronic airway in- ... transcription was performed, in 20 μl reaction volume using the.

Il fiore e la pietra

OpenAIRE

Hirsch, Debora

2012-01-01

Il fiore e la pietra è un progetto di scultura urbana per una piazza della città di Torino. Il tema trae la sua prima ispirazione dal fumetto B.C. di Johnny Hart: un fragile fiore dialoga con una pietra. Lʼambiguità tra solidità e fragilità è simbolicamente accostata alla situazione avversa in cui si trova lʼindustria torinese per eccellenza, FIAT, e al problema dei quartieri dormitori. Il contesto nel quale venne realizzato il progetto è tuttora sintomatico di una situazione ...

Type I IL-1 Receptor (IL-1RI as Potential New Therapeutic Target for Bronchial Asthma

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Jyh-Hong Lee

2010-01-01

Full Text Available The IL-1R/TLR family has been receiving considerable attention as potential regulators of inflammation through their ability to act as either activators or suppressors of inflammation. Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by airway hyperresponsiveness, allergic inflammation, elevated serum total, allergen-specific IgE levels, and increased Th2 cytokine production. The discovery that the IL-1RI–IL-1 and ST2–IL-33 pathways are crucial for allergic inflammation has raised interest in these receptors as potential targets for developing new therapeutic strategies for bronchial asthma. This paper discusses the current use of neutralizing mAb or soluble receptor constructs to deplete cytokines, the use of neutralizing mAb or recombinant receptor antagonists to block cytokine receptors, and gene therapy from experimental studies in asthma. Targeting IL-1RI–IL-1 as well as ST2–IL-33 pathways may promise a disease-modifying approach in the future.

Serum IL-10, IL-17 and IL-23 levels as "bioumoral bridges" between dyslipidemia and atopy.

Science.gov (United States)

Manti, S; Leonardi, S; Panasiti, I; Arrigo, T; Salpietro, C; Cuppari, C

2017-11-01

Although several studies suggest a possible link between dyslipidemia and atopy, literature findings are still unclear. The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between dyslipidemia and atopy in a pediatric population affected by dyslipidemia or dyslipidemia/atopic predisposition. Children with dyslipidemia, dyslipidemia and atopy as well as healthy children were recruited. Serum total IgE, IL-10, IL-17, and IL-23 levels as well as fasting lipid values (total cholesterol, LDL, HDL and triglycerides) were performed on all enrolled children. The present study evaluated 23 patients affected by dyslipidemia, 26 patients affected by atopy and dyslipidemia and, 22healthy children. Serum total IgE levels significantly related also with serum cholesterol levels: positively with total cholesterol (pdyslipidemia than patients with dyslipidemia (pdyslipidemia than patients with dyslipidemia (pdyslipidemia and atopic predisposition share the same immune pathways as well as they offer new insights in the complex crosstalk between hyperlipidemia and atopy. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

EFFECTS OF γс-CYTOKINES (IL-2, IL-7 AND IL-15 UPON IN VITRO MATURATION AND DIFFERENTIATION OF CD4+CD45RО+/CD8+CD45RО+ T CELLS

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K. A. Yurova

2018-01-01

Full Text Available Effect of γс-cytokines (IL-2, IL-7 и IL-15 upon maturation and differentiation of cytotoxic and helper CD45RО+ Tcell population was studied in the homeostatic in vitro culture conditions. We have found that IL-2, IL-7 and IL-15 mediate maturation and differentiation of CD8 T cells central memory, replenishing the population of cells that exhibit effector functions. Action of IL-2 on CD4+ central memory T cells is accociated with generation of effector memory cells by reducing the number of immature effectors (CD62L–CD27+, whereas IL-7 promotes the formation of immature (CD62L–CD27+ effectors. IL-2, IL-7 and IL-15 initiate formation of terminally-differentiated cells in a subpopulation of CD8+CD45RO+ lymphocytes, providing a stable immunological memory to a pathogen reinfestation. 

EFFECTS OF γс-CYTOKINES (IL-2, IL-7 AND IL-15 UPON IN VITRO MATURATION AND DIFFERENTIATION OF CD4+CD45RО+/CD8+CD45RО+ T CELLS

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

K. A. Yurova

2018-01-01

Full Text Available Effect of γс-cytokines (IL-2, IL-7 и IL-15 upon maturation and differentiation of cytotoxic and helper CD45RО+ Tcell population was studied in the homeostatic in vitro culture conditions. We have found that IL-2, IL-7 and IL-15 mediate maturation and differentiation of CD8 T cells central memory, replenishing the population of cells that exhibit effector functions. Action of IL-2 on CD4+ central memory T cells is accociated with generation of effector memory cells by reducing the number of immature effectors (CD62L–CD27+, whereas IL-7 promotes the formation of immature (CD62L–CD27+ effectors. IL-2, IL-7 and IL-15 initiate formation of terminally-differentiated cells in a subpopulation of CD8+CD45RO+ lymphocytes, providing a stable immunological memory to a pathogen reinfestation.

[Plasma IL-18 levels are related to insulin and are modulated by IL-18 gene polymorphisms].

Science.gov (United States)

Martinez-Hervas, Sergio; Martínez-Barquero, Vanesa; Nuñez Savall, Ester; Lendínez, Verónica; Olivares, Laura; Benito, Esther; Real, Jose T; Chaves, F Javier; Ascaso, Juan F

2015-01-01

Atherosclerosis is an inflammatory chronic disease influenced by multiple factors. Different prospective studies have shown that plasmatic levels of inflammatory markers were related to atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease. To evaluate whether plasmatic levels of interleukin 18 (IL-18) are modulated by SNPs (single nucleotide polymorphisms) of the IL 18 gene and its possible association with insulin levels and other cardiovascular risk factors. 746 individuals were studied for a period of two years by opportunistic selection in the metropolitan area of Valencia. Parameters of lipid and glucose metabolism were analyzed by standard methodology. IL-18 was measured by ELISA. Individuals with insulin resistance showed significant higher levels of IL-18. IL 18 was significantly correlated with insulin levels and other cardiovascular risk factors. The CC genotype of the rs1834481 SNP was significantly associated with lower levels of IL-18. However, the GG genotype of the rs7559479 was associated with significant higher levels of IL-18. IL-18 is associated with insulin resistance and other cardiovascular risk factors, being those levels genetically regulated. Copyright © 2015 Sociedad Española de Arteriosclerosis. Published by Elsevier España. All rights reserved.

IL-1Ra (recombinant human IL-1 receptor antagonist in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis: the efficacy

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L. Cozzi

2011-09-01

Full Text Available Interleukin 1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra is a naturally occurring IL-1 inhibitor, acting as a “receptor antagonist”, which blocks IL-1 mediated signal transduction. In 1990 IL-1Ra was cloned and later on, a large numbers of studies led to disclosure of the crucial importance of the imbalance between IL-1 and IL-1Ra in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA. In 1991, almost 8 years after the initial isolation of IL-1, recombinant IL-1Ra (IL-1ra, Kineret was introduced in clinical trials involving patients with RA. Between 2001 and 2002 IL-1ra was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration and by the European Agency for the Evaluation of the Medicinal Products and in 2003 it was registered in Italy, too. In RA recombinant IL-1ra has been evaluated in 5 randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trials involving more than 2900 patients. Two of the trials involved the use of IL-1ra as monotherapy versus placebo and two trials in combination with methotrexate (MTX; the last trial explored the use of a fixed 100 mg/day IL-1ra dosage in a RA patient population including a wide array of co-morbid conditions as well as concomitant medications. The studies confirmed both the efficacy and the safety of IL-1ra in patients with active and severe RA. 43% of patients receiving 150 mg/day IL-1ra achieved a 20% response according to the American College of Rheumatology criteria (ACR20, compared to 27% in the placebo group. In the MTX combination therapy study, 42% of the patients receiving 1 mg/Kg/day of IL-1ra achieved an ACR20, 24% an ACR50 and 10% an ACR70. In each study, significant improvements in the Health Assessment Questionnaire scores (HAQ were observed. There were rapid gains in the number of days at work or domestic activity in the treated patients, and the increases in productivity were dose related. At early 24 weeks, there was significant reduction of both the score for progression of joint space narrowing (JSN and the Total modified

Tra il mediterraneo e il fonte battesimale: Musulmani a Napoli nel XVI secolo

OpenAIRE

Varriale, Gennaro

2013-01-01

Il saggio analizza la presenza di musulmani a Napoli durante il Cinquecento, quando la capitale vive una profonda trasformazione urbanistica, che è vincolata alla immigrazione di comunità esogene e al conflitto contro il Turco. Le ostilità tra la Casa d’Austria e la Sublime Porta condizionano inevitabilmente la vita dei maomettani, che appartengono a tre grandi categorie: schiavi, franchi o esuli. Secondo la propria condizione gli islamici occupano diversi spazi cittadini. I musulmani di Napo...

IL-6, TNF-α, IL-10, and nutritional status in pediatric patients with biliary atresia.

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Wilasco, Maria Ines de Albuquerque; Uribe-Cruz, Carolina; Santetti, Daniele; Fries, Gabriel Rodrigo; Dornelles, Cristina Toscani Leal; Silveira, Themis Reverbel da

The objective of the present study is to evaluate whether IL-6, TNF-α, IL-10 are associated with nutritional status in patients with cirrhosis secondary to biliary atresia and compare to healthy controls. The parameters used for nutritional assessment were the standard deviation scores of height-for-age and of triceps skinfold thickness-for-age. The severity of cirrhosis was evaluated using the Child-Pugh score and PELD/MELD. Serum cytokines were measured using Cytometric Bead Array flow cytometry. IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-10 were significantly higher in the cirrhosis group when compared with the control group (2.4 vs. 0.24 (patresia, IL-6 could be used as a possible supporting biomarker of deficient nutritional status and elevated IL-10 levels could be used as a possible early-stage supporting biomarker of deteriorating nutritional status. Copyright © 2017 Sociedade Brasileira de Pediatria. Published by Elsevier Editora Ltda. All rights reserved.

Association between the IL1B (-511), IL1B (+3954), IL1RN (VNTR) polymorphisms and Graves' disease risk: a meta-analysis of 11 case-control studies.

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Chen, Min-Li; Liao, Ning; Zhao, Hua; Huang, Jian; Xie, Zheng-Fu

2014-01-01

Data on the association between the interleukin-1 (IL-1) gene polymorphisms and Graves' disease (GD) risk were conflicting. A meta-analysis was undertaken to assess this association. We searched for case-control studies investigating the association between the IL1B (-511), IL1B (+3954), IL1RN (VNTR) polymorphisms and GD risk. We extracted data using standardized forms and calculated odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). A total of 11 case-control studies were included in this meta-analysis. Available data indicated that the IL1B (-511) polymorphism was associated with GD risk in the overall populations (Caucasians and Asians) in homozygote model (TT vs. CC, OR = 0.86, 95% CI: 0.76-0.97, Pz  = 0.015), but not in dominant and recessive models (TT+TC vs. CC: OR = 0.95, 95% CI: 0.81-1.12, Pz  =  0.553 and TT vs. TC+CC: OR = 0.82, 95% CI: 0.60-1.12, Pz  =  0.205, respectively). No association between the IL1B (+3954), IL1RN (VNTR) polymorphisms and GD risk was found in the overall populations in any of the genetic models. In subgroup analyses according to ethnicity, the IL1B (-511) polymorphism was associated with GD risk in Asians in recessive and homozygote models (TT vs. TC+CC: OR =  0.68, 95% CI: 0.55-0.84, Pz VNTR) polymorphisms and GD risk was indicated in Asians, and we found no association between the IL1B (-511), IL1B (+3954), IL1RN (VNTR) polymorphisms and GD risk in Caucasians in any of the genetic models. The IL1B (-511) polymorphism, but not the IL1B (+3954) and IL1RN (VNTR) polymorphisms was associated with GD risk in Asians. There was no association between these polymorphisms and GD risk in Caucasians.

Serum concentration of IL-6, IL-2, TNF-α, and IFNγ in Vitiligo patients

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Suman Singh

2012-01-01

Full Text Available Background: Vitiligo is an acquired depigmenting disorder characterized by the loss of functional melanocytes from the epidermis. Although the etiology of vitiligo is unknown, over the last few years, substantial data from clinical research has greatly supported the ′Autoimmune theory′ and this is supported by the frequent association of vitiligo with disorders that have an autoimmune origin, including Hashimoto′s thyroiditis, Graves disease, type 1 insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, and Addison′s disease. As cytokines are important mediators of immunity, there is evidence to suggest that they play a major role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. Aim: Keeping this in view we have assayed sera for cytokine IL-6, IL-2, Tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α, and IFNγ in 80 cases of vitiligo and compared it with healthy subjects, in order to find out whether they play a role in the pathogenesis of vitiligo or not. Materials and Methods: Serum IL-6, IL-2, TNF-α, and IFNγ were done by the indirect enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA. Results: The mean serum IL-6 and IL-2 levels in the patient group were significantly higher when compared with those of the normal controls. The mean serum IFNγ level in patients with vitiligo was significantly lower than that in the control group. There was no significant difference in the serum level of TNF-α between vitiligo and healthy controls. Conclusion : An increase in the production of proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-6 and IL-2 in vitiligo patients may play an important role in melanocytic cytotoxicity. Thus, we speculate that the cytokine production of epidermal microenvironment may be involved in vitiligo.

GM-CSF and IL-4 produced by NKT cells inversely regulate IL-1β production by macrophages.

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Ahn, Sehee; Jeong, Dongjin; Oh, Sae Jin; Ahn, Jiye; Lee, Seung Hyo; Chung, Doo Hyun

2017-02-01

Natural Killer T (NKT) cells are distinct T cell subset that link innate and adaptive immune responses. IL-1β, produced by various immune cells, plays a key role in the regulation of innate immunity in vivo. However, it is unclear whether NKT cells regulate IL-1β production by macrophages. To address this, we co-cultured NKT cells and peritoneal macrophages in the presence of TCR stimulation and inflammasome activators. Among cytokines secreted from NKT cells, GM-CSF enhanced IL-1β production by macrophages via regulating LPS-mediated pro-IL-1β expression and NLRP3-dependent inflammasome activation, whereas IL-4 enhanced M2-differentiation of macrophages and decreased IL-1β production. Together, our findings suggest the NKT cells have double-sided effects on IL-1β-mediated innate immune responses by producing IL-4 and GM-CSF. These findings may be helpful for a comprehensive understanding of NKT cell-mediated regulatory mechanisms of the pro-inflammatory effects of IL-1β in inflammatory diseases in vivo. Copyright © 2017 European Federation of Immunological Societies. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Vaccination with IL-6 analogues induces autoantibodies to IL-6 and influences experimentally induced inflammation

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Galle, Pia; Jensen, Lene; Andersson, Christina

2007-01-01

; yet they appear healthy and do not exhibit overt clinical or laboratory abnormalities. We induced comparable levels of aAb-IL-6 in different mouse strains by vaccination with immunogenic IL-6 analogues. We observed that the induced aAb-IL-6 protected against collagen-induced arthritis and experimental...

Anti-IL-39 (IL-23p19/Ebi3) polyclonal antibodies ameliorate autoimmune symptoms in lupus-like mice

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Wang, Xiaoqian; Zhang, Yu; Wang, Zhiding; Liu, Xiaoling; Zhu, Gaizhi; Han, Gencheng; Chen, Guojiang; Hou, Chunmei; Wang, Tianxiao; Shen, Beifen; Li, Yan; Xiao, He; Ma, Ning; Wang, Renxi

2018-01-01

The interleukin (IL)-12 family cytokines have been examined as therapeutic targets in the treatment of several autoimmune diseases. Our previous study showed that a novel IL-12 family cytokine, IL-39 (IL-23p19/Ebi3) mediates inflammation in lupus-like mice. In the present study, the effect of anti-mouse IL-39 polyclonal antibodies on autoimmune symptoms in lupus-like mice was investigated. Rabbit anti-mouse IL-39 polyclonal antibodies were produced by immunization with recombinant mouse IL-39, and purified using protein A chromatography. These antibodies were subsequently used to treat lupus-like mice. Flow cytometry, captured images, ELISA and H&E staining were used to determine the effect of anti-IL-39 polyclonal antibodies on inflammatory cells, autoantibody titers, proteinuria, infiltrating inflammatory cells and the structure of the glomerular region. The anti-IL-39 polyclonal antibodies effectively reduced the numbers of inflammatory cells, splenomegaly, autoantibody titers, proteinuria, infiltrating inflammatory cells, and restored the structure of the glomerular region in MRL/lpr mice. Taken together, these results suggested that anti-IL-39 polyclonal antibodies ameliorated autoimmune symptoms in lupus-like mice. Therefore, IL-39 may be used as a possible target for the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus. PMID:29138852

Genetic variants in IL-6 and IL-10 genes and susceptibility to hepatocellular carcinoma in HCV infected patients.

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Sghaier, Ikram; Mouelhi, Leila; Rabia, Noor A; Alsaleh, Bano R; Ghazoueni, Ezzedine; Almawi, Wassim Y; Loueslati, Besma Yacoubi

2017-01-01

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is the major cause of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), a common primary liver malignancy, and the third leading cause of cancer-related death. The HCC risk increases with the severity of liver inflammation, and the clinical course of HCV infection depends on a balance between pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. The former includes interleukin (IL)-6, while the latter includes IL-10. However, the exact pathogenic mechanisms underlying IL-6 and IL-10 effects remain unclear. The present study evaluated 174 chronic HCV Tunisian patients. Polymorphisms of IL-6 (rs1880242, rs1474847, rs2069840, rs1800797, rs1800796, rs2069845, rs2069827, rs1474348, rs1800795), and IL-10 (rs1800896, rs1800871, rs1800872, rs1554286, rs1878672, rs1518111) were determined by real-time PCR. Notable differences between chronic HCV-infected patients and HCC patients were observed for the three IL-10 SNPs; rs1800871 (-819T/C), rs1800872 (-592A/C), and rs1878672. Carriage of IL-6 rs1800796 G/G genotype, IL-6 rs1474358 C-allele, and IL-6 rs1800797 A-allele was more frequent in chronic HCV-infected patients than in HCC patients. On the other hand, IL-6 rs1474358 GG genotype had a favourable factor for HCC establishment. IL-10 and IL-6 SNPs markedly influence the clinical outcomes of HCV infection. These SNPs could be used as biomarkers for early detection and molecular therapy for preventing HCC, and prognostic factors for predicting the clinical outcomes of HCC. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Il caso Lautsi contro l’Italia

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Grégor Puppinck

2012-02-01

SOMMARIO: 1. Premesse – 2. Il ragionamento della Seconda Sezione - 2.1. La ridefinizione dalla finalità del sistema educativo pubblico - 2.2. Il pluralismo educativo come finalità – 2.3. Sintesi del ragionamento della Sezione – 2.4.  Una sentenza contestata - 3.  Il ragionamento sviluppato dalla Grande Camera - 3.1. La sussidiarietà e il margine di apprezzamento – 3.2.  Il laicismo è una convinzione filosofica non neutra – 3.3. La neutralità si applica all’ “agire” e non all' "essere” dello  Stato – 3.4.  Democrazia, neutralità confessionale e laicità – 3.5.  L’educazione pubblica  nel senso della Grande Camera – 3.6.  Il crocefisso: un simbolo passivo – 3.7.  L’assenza d’ingerenza dello Stato - 4.  Gli sviluppi supplementari alla sentenza della Grande Camera – 4.1.  Il crocefisso e il velo islamico – 4.2.  La libertà negativa di religione dei non credenti – 4.3. La falsa soluzione bavarese – 4.4.  La tradizione – 4.5. La religione maggioritaria – 4.6.  Il dibattito religioso e politico – 4.7. Le conseguenze del caso Lautsi.

[Effects of canine IL-2 and IL-7 genes on enhancing immunogenicity of canine parvovirus VP2 gene vaccine in mice].

Science.gov (United States)

Chen, Huihui; Zhong, Fei; Li, Xiujin; Wang, Lu; Sun, Yan; Neng, Changai; Zhang, Kao; Li, Wenyan; Wen, Jiexia

2012-11-04

To investigate the effects of canine interleukin-2 (cIL-2) and cIL-7 genes on enhancing the immunogenicity of canine parvovirus (CPV) VP2 DNA vaccine. The bicistronic vectors of cIL-2 and cIL-7 genes were constructed using the eukaryotic expression vector containing internal ribosome entry site (IRES). The cIL-2/ cIL-7 dicistronic vector plus previously constructed vectors, including CPV VP2 DNA vaccine vector, cIL-2 vector and cIL-7 vector, were used to co-immunize mice with different combinations, consisting of VP2 alone, VP2 + cIL-2, VP2 + cIL-7 and VP2 + cIL-2/cIL-7. The VP2-specific antibody levels in immunized mice were measured by ELISA at different time post-immunization. The proliferation indices and interferon-gamma expression were measured by lymphocyte proliferation assay and ELISA, respectively. The cIL-2/cIL-7 bicistronic vector was correct and could mediate cIL-2 and cIL-7 gene expression in eukaryotic cells. Immunization results revealed that the antibody titers and the neutralizing antibody levels of the mice co-immunized with VP2 + cIL-7/cIL-2 vectors were significantly higher than that with either VP2 + cIL-2 vectors or VP2 + cIL-7 vectors (P vaccine.

Lemongrass effects on IL-1beta and IL-6 production by macrophages.

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Sforcin, J M; Amaral, J T; Fernandes, A; Sousa, J P B; Bastos, J K

2009-01-01

Cymbopogon citratus has been widely recognised for its ethnobotanical and medicinal usefulness. Its insecticidal, antimicrobial and therapeutic properties have been reported, but little is known about its effect on the immune system. This work aimed to investigate the in vivo effect of a water extract of lemongrass on pro-inflammatory cytokine (IL-1beta and IL-6) production by macrophages of BALB/c mice. The action of lemongrass essential oil on cytokine production by macrophages was also analysed in vitro. The chemical composition of the extract and the oil was also investigated. Treatment of mice with water extract of lemongrass inhibited macrophages to produce IL-1beta but induced IL-6 production by these cells. Lemongrass essential oil inhibited the cytokine production in vitro. Linalool oxide and epoxy-linalool oxide were found to be the major components of lemongrass water extract, and neral and geranial were the major compounds of its essential oil. Taken together, these data suggest an anti-inflammatory action of this natural product.

Role of IL-1 beta and COX2 in silica-induced IL-6 release and loss of pneumocytes in co-cultures.

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Herseth, Jan I; Refsnes, Magne; Låg, Marit; Schwarze, Per E

2009-10-01

The pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1 beta, TNF-alpha and IL-6 are of great importance in the development of silica-induced lung damage and repair. In this study we investigated the role of IL-1 beta, TNF-alpha and COX2 in silica-induced regulation of IL-6 release and pneumocyte loss in various mono- and co-cultures of monocytes, pneumocytes and endothelial cells. All co-cultures with monocytes, and especially cultures including endothelial cells, showed an increase of silica-induced release of IL-6 compared to the respective monocultures. Treatment with the antagonist IL-1 ra strongly decreased IL-1 beta and IL-6 release in contact co-cultures of monocytes and pneumocytes. COX2 up-regulation by silica and IL-1 beta was eliminated by IL-1 ra. Inhibition of COX2 markedly reduced both IL-1 beta and IL-6 release. IL-1 ra was more effective than COX2-inhibition in reduction of IL-6, but not of IL-1 beta. Silica-induced pneumocyte loss was reduced by IL-1 beta, but this effect was not counteracted by the IL-1 receptor antagonist. Our findings suggest that silica-induced IL-6 release from pneumocytes is mainly mediated via IL-1 beta release from the monocytes, via both COX2-dependent and -independent pathways. Notably, COX2-derived mediators seem crucial for a positive feed-back regulation of IL-1 beta release from the monocytes. In contrast to silica-induced IL-6, the reduction in pneumocyte loss by IL-1 beta does not seem to be regulated through an IL-1R1-dependent mechanism.

Il corpo della strega

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Georges Bertin

2004-09-01

Full Text Available Come già evidenziato a proposito di altre pratiche, il sabba, attività ludica profana, religiosa, conferiva a ciascuno la possibilità di giocare efficacemente con la dinamica di un mondo da cui emergeva una figura archetipica, la strega, principale attore di questa danza in tondo. Il sabba era, dunque, uno dei luoghi ove si cristallizzavano le figure del proibito, questo per il suo carattere sacro, per la violenza istituzionale che presiedeva alla formazione dei rapporti sociali, e conferiva anche, per le caratteristiche di protesta che rivela, un'immagine sempre esaltante della capacità delle società a resistere. Il problema della nostra epoca ove rifioriscono le streghe nelle più svariate forme è, forse, quello di riallacciarsi con la dimensione gruppale dei nostri svaghi, nelle loro differenti forme e, contemporaneamente, con perdita di energia, a quanto presiedeva ai sabba e alla loro risoluzione sacrificale. In contro-corrente ai modelli meccanici che assegnano dei limiti precisi e funzionali ai corpi asserviti ad un ideale di controllo, il corpo sabbatico con la sua enfasi sulle posizioni limite (ciò che si rimproverava d'altronde alle streghe, era veramente corpo mistico.

IL-6, TNF-α, IL-10, and nutritional status in pediatric patients with biliary atresia,

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Maria Ines de Albuquerque Wilasco

Full Text Available Abstract Objectives: The objective of the present study is to evaluate whether IL-6, TNF-α, IL-10 are associated with nutritional status in patients with cirrhosis secondary to biliary atresia and compare to healthy controls. Methods: The parameters used for nutritional assessment were the standard deviation scores of height-for-age and of triceps skinfold thickness-for-age. The severity of cirrhosis was evaluated using the Child–Pugh score and PELD/MELD. Serum cytokines were measured using Cytometric Bead Array flow cytometry. Results: IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-10 were significantly higher in the cirrhosis group when compared with the control group (2.4 vs. 0.24 (p < 0.001, 0.21 vs. 0.14 (p = 0.007, and 0.65 vs. 0.36 (p = 0.004, respectively. IL-6 and IL-10 were positively correlated with disease severity (0.450 [p = 0.001] and 0.410; [p = 0.002], respectively. TNF-α did not show a significant correlation with disease severity (0.100; p = 0.478. Regarding nutritional evaluation, IL-6 was negatively correlated with the standard deviation score of height-for-age (−0.493; p < 0.001 and of triceps skinfold thickness-for-age (−0.503; p < 0.001, respectively. IL-10 exhibited a negative correlation with the standard deviation score of height-for-age (−0.476; p < 0.001 and the standard deviation score of triceps skinfold thickness-for-age (−0.388; p = 0.004. TNF-α did not show any significance in both anthropometric parameters (−0.083 (p = 0.555 and −0.161 (p = 0.253. Conclusion: The authors suggest that, in patients with cirrhosis secondary to biliary atresia, IL-6 could be used as a possible supporting biomarker of deficient nutritional status and elevated IL-10 levels could be used as a possible early-stage supporting biomarker of deteriorating nutritional status.

Biological significance of soluble IL-2 receptor

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Calogero Caruso

1993-01-01

Full Text Available A NUMBER of receptors for growth factors and differentiation antigens have been found to be secreted or released by cells. Following mononuclear cell (MNC activation and interleukin-2 receptor (IL-2R expression, a soluble form of the Alpha;-chain of IL-2R (sIL-2R is released. The sIL-2R has been shown to be present in the culture supernatants of activated MNCs as well as in normal sera and, in higher amounts, in sera from subjects affected by several diseases including neoplastic, infectious and autoimmune ones, and in sera from transplanted patients suffering allograft rejection. The blood sIL-2R levels depend on the number of producing cells and the number of molecules per cell, so that sIL-2R blood values may represent an index of the number and the functional state of producing cells, both normal and neoplastic. Thus, monitoring of the immune system, mostly T-cells and haematological malignancies might be targets for the measurement of sIL-2R. Since many conditions may influence sIL-2R production, little diagnostic use may result from these measurements. However, since blood sIL-2R levels may correlate with disease progression and/or response to therapy, their measurement may be a useful index of activity and extent of disease. The precise biological role of the soluble form of the IL-2R is still a matter of debate. However, we know that increased sIL-2R levels may be observed in association with several immunological abnormalities and that sIL-2R is able to bind IL-2. It is conceivable then that in these conditions the excess sIL-2R released in vivo by activated lymphoid cells or by neoplastic cells may somehow regulate IL-2-dependent processes. On the other hand, it cannot exclude that sIL-2R is a by-product without biological significance. Finally, it is puzzling that in many conditions in which an increase of blood sIL-2R values has been observed, MNCs display a decreased in vitro capacity to produce sIL-2R. These seemingly contrasting

Méthanisation agricole : quelle rentabilité selon les projets ?

OpenAIRE

COUTURIER, Christian

2013-01-01

Combien coûte la méthanisation agricole, quelles sont les conditions de la rentabilité ? Pour répondre à ces questions simples en apparence, il faut comprendre comment se construit le « modèle d’entreprise », c’est-à-dire décrire l’organisation de la méthanisation agricole, ses finalités et ses moyens, et la manière dont se créée la valeur ajoutée.

Les changements climatiques menacent l'écosystème des ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

8 août 2014 ... Les mangroves de Tumbes, au nord-ouest du Pérou, servent d'habitat à plus de 150 espèces animales, dont le notoire singe hurleur. La vie n'y est pas facile, car il faut, pour prospérer, s'adapter à ce milieu où se rencontrent eau douce et eau salée. Le joyau que représente cet écosystème de 2 972 ...

Clinical significance of measurement of serum NO, IL-6 and IL-8 levels after treatment in patients with schizophrenia

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gao Wanqin

2010-01-01

Objective: To study the significance of changes of serum NO, IL-6 and IL-8 levels after treatment in patients with schizophrenia. Methods: Serum IL-6, IL-8 (with RIA) and NO (with bio-chemistry) levels were determined in 37 patients with schizophrenia both before and after treatment as well as in 35 controls. Results: Before treatment, the serum IL-6, IL-8 levels in the patients were significantly higher than those in controls (P<0.01). While the serum NO levels were significantly lower (P<0.01). After six weeks' treatment, the levels of IL-6, IL-8 in the patients, though dropped markedly still remained significantly higher (P<0.05) than those in controls. The serum NO levels, though markedly increased after treatment, were still remained significantly lower than those in the controls (P<0.05). Conclusion: Serum NO, IL-6 and IL-8 levels were closely related to the diseases process of schizophrenia and were of prognostic values. (authors)

Clinical significance of the changes of serum IL-8 and IL-12 levels in pediatric patients with anaphylactoid purpura (AP)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Liang Zhenming; Liu Xia

2005-01-01

Objective: To explore the role of IL-8 and IL-12 in the pathogenesis of anaphylactoid purpura (AP) and anaphylactoid purpura nephritis (APN). Methods: Serum IL-8 (with RIA) and IL-12 (with ELISA) levels were measured in 32 pediatric patients with anaphylactoid purpura (AP), 11 pediatric patients with anaphylactoid purpura nephritis (APN) and 15 controls. Results: During acute stage, serum IL-8 and IL-12 levels in both the AP and APN patients were significantly higher than those in controls and remained higher during convalescence. IL-8 and IL-12 levels were mutually positively correlated in acute stage. Conclusion: IL-8 and IL-12 participated in the pathogenesis of AP and APN. Theoretically, antagonist to those cytokines might be of clinical benefits. (authors)

IL-1α Up-Regulates IL-6 Expression in Bovine Granulosa Cells via MAPKs and NF-κB Signaling Pathways

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Meng Yang

2017-01-01

Full Text Available Background/Aims: IL-6 is one of the main cytokines in regulating ovarian follicular development and ovulation. However, the factors that regulate IL-6 expression in follicles are still unclear. The aim of this study was to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the effect of IL-1α on IL-6 expression in granulosa cells. Methods: IL-6 expression after IL-1α with/without inhibitors treatment was analyzed by RT-qPCR and ELISA. The phosphorylation of proteins induced by IL-1α was analyzed by western blot. The intracellular cAMP level was assayed by immunoassay kit. Results: IL-1α has a dose-dependent effect on IL-6 expression in granulosa cells. This promoting effect can be significantly attenuated by Erk, c-Jun, p38 and IκB proteins inhibitors, respectively. Moreover, the phosphorylation levels of Erk, c-Jun, p38 and IκBα proteins were significantly increased after IL-1α treatment. In addition, we also found that IL-1α not only reversed the cAMP attenuated IL-6 expression， but also increased IL-1α mRNA expression in granulosa cells. Conclusion: The regulation of IL-1α on IL-6 expression is mediated by activation of MAPKs and NF-κB signaling pathways. Moreover，IL-1α may regulate the ovulation-related genes expression in granulosa cells by an autocrine and/or paracrine manner.

Il degrado abusivo e il "degrado legale" del territorio: gli ecomostri

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Anna Cicchetti

2010-07-01

Full Text Available Il fenomeno di una urbanizzazione senza criteri né misure, collegata a ragioni turistiche, molto spesso opportunistiche, è affrontato dalla giurisprudenza nella sua azione di controllo del territorio: ne sono un caso esemplare gli “ecomostri”, ormai comunemente e tristemente sono conosciuti dalla società civile. Queste costruzioni di grande impatto territoriale, ambientale e paesaggistico, in alcuni casi sono legittimati da interventi normativi non bene soppesati e in altri avvengono in maniera c.d. abusiva, con l’unica conseguenza, in entrambe le ipotesi, di deturpare l’ambiente circostante sotto molteplici profili, non ultimo quello incidente su località turistiche. Il contributo si pone l’obiettivo di contribuire ad una politica turistica attenta al profilo ambientale: occorre individuare una maggiore cogenza e conoscenza normativa a favore di una pianificazione urbanistica e politica del paesaggio, in grado di sostenere il recupero, la riqualificazione e valorizzazione delle bellezze naturali presenti sul territorio. Solo il coinvolgimento e la necessaria collaborazione di tutti i soggetti del territorio per una programmazione orientata a realizzare uno «sviluppo capace di rispondere ai bisogni delle generazioni attuali, senza compromettere la capacità delle generazioni future di rispondere ai propri».

Andrographolide presents therapeutic effect on ulcerative colitis through the inhibition of IL-23/IL-17 axis.

Science.gov (United States)

Zhu, Qin; Zheng, Peifen; Chen, Xinyu; Zhou, Feng; He, Qiaona; Yang, Yuefeng

2018-01-01

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic and nonspecific intestinal inflammatory disease, which may increase the risk of colon cancer. Andrographolide is a main active component of Andrographis paniculata . The anti-inflammatory ability of andrographolide suggested its potential therapeutic effect against UC. In the present study, elevated serum concentrations of proinflammatory factors, including (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 and IL-23, as well as increased percentages of Th17 cells (IL-17+CD4+ cells) in CD4+ cells were detected in UC patients compared to that in healthy donors. These data suggested that Th17 immune responses may involve in the pathogenesis of UC. Experimental colitis mouse model was then established. The results of hematoxylin and eosin staining demonstrated the therapeutic effect of andrographolide on colitis. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), flow cytometry and western blotting analyses showed that andrographolide could decreased the levels of proinflammatory factors TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-17A in the serum and in the colon tissues, reduced the percentages of Th17 cells in CD4+ cells, and suppressed the levels of IL-23, IL-17A, ROR-γt (key transcription factor of Th17 cells) and p-STAT3 in the colon tissues. Further, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated from UC patients and treated with various concentrations of andrographolide (0, 10, 20 and 30 μg/ml). Andrographolide also showed inhibitory effects on the levels of proinflammatory factors, the percentages of Th17 cells and the expression of relative proteins. Similar results were obtained in lipopolysaccharide-treated normal PBMCs. These data suggested that andrographolide may inhibit Th17 immune response via STAT3 signaling. In conclusion, we demonstrated that andrographolide inhibited the activity of IL-23/IL-17 axis and down-stream pro-inflammatory factors so as to suppress inflammation response, resulting in the relieving of UC.

Interleukin 1 β (IL-1B) and IL-1 antagonist receptor (IL-1RN) gene polymorphisms are associated with the genetic susceptibility and steroid dependence in patients with ulcerative colitis.

Science.gov (United States)

Yamamoto-Furusho, Jesús K; Santiago-Hernández, Jean J; Pérez-Hernández, Nonanzit; Ramírez-Fuentes, Silvestre; Fragoso, José Manuel; Vargas-Alarcón, Gilberto

2011-07-01

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an inflammatory bowel disease of unknown etiology. Among cytokines induced in UC, interleukin 1 antagonist (IL-1ra) and interleukin 1 β (IL-1β) seems to have a central role because of its immunoregulatory and proinflammatory activities. To determine the association between IL-1RA and IL-1B gene polymorphisms and the clinical features of UC in the Mexican Mestizo population. Five polymorphisms in the IL-1 gene cluster members IL-1B (rs16944), IL1F10 (rs3811058), and IL-1RN (rs419598, rs315952, and rs315951) were genotyped by 5' exonuclease TaqMan genotyping assays in a group of 200 Mexican patients with UC and 248 ethnically matched unrelated healthy controls. We found a significant increased frequencies of IL-1RN6/1 TC (rs315952) and RN6/2 CC (rs315951) and decreased frequency of IL-1B-511 TC (rs16944) genotypes in UC patients as compared with healthy controls. In the subgroup analysis, we found a significant association between the RN6/2 GG (rs315951) and IL-1B-511 CC (rs16944) genotypes and the presence of steroid-dependence in UC patients (pC=00001, OR=15.6 and pC=0.008, OR=4.09, respectively). Patients with UC showed increased frequencies of IL-1RN "CTC" and "TCG" haplotypes when compared with healthy controls (P=0.019, OR=1.43 and P<10(-7), OR=2.63, respectively). Two haplotypes (TTG and CTG) showed decreased frequency in patients when compared with healthy controls (P=9×10(-7), OR=0.11 and P=8×10(-6), OR=0.11, respectively). IL-1 RN and IL-1B polymorphisms were associated with the genetic susceptibility to develop UC and might be associated with the presence of steroid-dependence in UC patients.

Isaac newton et la gravitation universelle un scientifique au tempérament rageur

CERN Document Server

Mettra, Pierre

2015-01-01

Découvrez enfin tout ce qu'il faut savoir sur Newton et la théorie de la gravitation universelle en moins d'une heure ! Figure incontournable de l'histoire des sciences, Isaac Newton bouleverse le monde avec sa théorie de la gravitation universelle. Secrètement passionné d'alchimie, il fait accomplir à l'optique et à l'analyse mathématique d'incroyables progrès, devenant aux yeux de ses contemporains l'un des savants les plus novateurs et les plus respectés au monde, ce que la postérité ne démentira pas.Ce livre vous permettra d'en savoir plus sur : La vie de New

The Freudian Muse: Psychoanalysis and the Problem of Self-Revelation in Sylvia Plath’s “Daddy” and “Medusa”

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Laure DE NERVAUX

2007-06-01

Full Text Available In his work L’Autobiographie en France, Philippe Lejeune famously declared that autobiography could only be found in prose:L’autobiographie est un récit en prose. (… [U]ne des données fondamentales de l’autobiographie (…, c’est que son auteur a l’intention de dire “la vérité" (opposée à la fiction; nous savons bien que cette “vérité”, il la dit avec tous les moyens de la fiction. Mais il faut que le lecteur puisse avoir l’impression de vraisemblance, de témoignage, qui est le propre du réc...

 All the World’s Futures

OpenAIRE

Glicenstein, Jérôme

2016-01-01

Rendre compte en peu de mots d’un événement tel que la Biennale de Venise est une gageure. Faut-il se limiter aux présentations les plus importantes – à l’Arsenal et aux Giardini – ou bien traiter également du « off », des innombrables événements associés, des performances, rencontres ou conférences qui les accompagnent ? Si l’exhaustivité semble exclue, il peut être utile d’essayer de repérer des tendances générales, d’autant plus que ce qui se passe à Venise n’est pas sans conséquences sur ...

Europe

OpenAIRE

2015-01-01

Voilà deux militants de la cause européenne qui plaident, chacun à sa manière, pour un sursaut afin que renaisse ce « désir d’Europe » qui nous fait tant défaut. « Il n’est pas trop tard, mais il est temps… », écrit P. COLLOWALD dans ses mémoires préfacées par Jacques Delors. Constatant que, « dans les jugements hâtifs de notre époque, on manque souvent de discernement, par ignorance et par manque de recul historique », cet ancien responsable de l’information à la Commission et au Parlement e...

Avant-propos. Ce que la bioéthique veut dire Foreword: What bioethics mean

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jean-Pierre Baud

2009-06-01

Full Text Available Lorsque Mary Shelley publie en 1818 son célèbre Frankenstein, le mot bioéthique n’existe pas. Pourtant c’est de l’éthique propre à la recherche biologique qu’il y est question. Quelle faute a commise l’étudiant en médecine Victor Frankenstein ? L’immense majorité de ceux qu’on interrogerait sur ce point répondrait qu’il s’agit du fait d’avoir fabriqué un être humain. Mais cette immense majorité n’a jamais lu l’œuvre de Mary Shelley et bien peu savent qu’elle était sous-titrée Le Prométhée mod...

Alain Bresson, Marie-Paule Masson, Stavros Perentidis, Jérôme Wilgaux, Parenté et société dans le monde grec de l'Antiquité à l’âge moderne

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Hervé Guillorel

2009-06-01

Full Text Available Il faut tout d’abord féliciter les Éditions Ausonius et les différentes personnes qui ont supervisé, conçu et mené à bien la publication de ces actes, car il s’agit, sur le plan formel, d’un ouvrage remarquable : qualité de la reliure et du papier, des mises en page (avec des notes en bas de page ce qui évite au lecteur de passer son temps à errer entre la page en cours et la fin de l’ouvrage, choix d’une bibliographie générale et mises au point de plusieurs index (des sources, des lieux et ...

Actualité de Capitalisme, socialisme et démocratie ou la dure survie du capitalisme selon Schumpeter

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Dorval Brunelle

2012-11-01

Full Text Available Peut-on encore lire Capitalisme, socialisme et démocratie de l’économiste autrichien Joseph Alois Schumpeter soixante-dix années après sa première publication en 1942 ou soixante-deux ans après la mort de l’auteur en 1950? Il faut croire que oui puisque l’ouvrage en question est demeuré disponible tout au long de ces années et que son éditeur français Payot a même cru bon d’en rééditer un long extrait en 2011 sous le titre pour le moins accrocheur Le capitalisme peut-il survivre? un titre qui...

Métaphore et contexte du radicalisme anglais

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Mario Caricchio

2010-09-01

Full Text Available Préambule : la Serendipity de l’ego-histoire, première partieAvant de commencer, il me faut apporter une précision biographique. Au moment où j’ai été invité à ce séminaire, il y avait trois ans que je ne me consacrais plus à la recherche. Comme dans les autres occasions où je me suis laissé convaincre d’écrire ou d’intervenir encore dans un cadre universitaire, j’ai communiqué, pour m’acquitter de ma tâche, mon statut de « chercheur indépendant qui travaille pour l’édition ». La définition e...

Study on the changes of serum IL-2, IL-6 and TNF-α levels in patients with psoriasis

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Xie Chuntao

2007-01-01

Objective: To investigate the changes of serum IL-2, IL-6 and TNF-α levels in patients with psoriasis. Methods: Serum IL-2, IL-6 and TNF-α levels were measured with KIA in 38 patients with psoriasis and 35 controls. Results: Serum levels of IL-6 and TNF-α were significantly higher in patients with psoriasis than those in controls (P<0.01), but serum IL-2 levels were significantly lower (P<0.01). Conclusion: These cytokines participated in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. Monitoring the changes of their serum levels was helpful for the management of the diseases. (authors)

The lysine deacetylase inhibitor givinostat inhibits ß-cell IL-1ß induced IL-1ß transcription and processing

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Dahllöf, Mattias Salling; Christensen, Dan P; Lundh, Morten

2012-01-01

. Further, IL-1R antagonism improves normoglycemia and ß-cell function in type 2 diabetic patients. Inhibition of lysine deacetylases (KDACi) counteracts ß-cell toxicity induced by the combination of IL-1 and IFN¿ and reduces diabetes incidence in non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice. We hypothesized that KDACi......Aims: Pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, in particular IL-1ß, IFN¿, and CXCL10, contribute to ß-cell failure and loss in DM via IL-1R, IFN¿R, and TLR4 signaling. IL-1 signaling deficiency reduces diabetes incidence, islet IL-1ß secretion, and hyperglycemia in animal models of diabetes...

DIFFERENTIAL BINDING OF HUMAN INTERLEUKIN-1 (IL-1) RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST TO NATURAL AND RECOMBINANT SOLUBLE AND CELLULAR IL-1 TYPE-I RECEPTORS

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Svenson, Morten; Nedergaard, Susanne; Heegaard, Peter M. H.

1995-01-01

antagonist (IL-1ra). Recombinant soluble human IL-1RI expressed in COS cells (sIL-1RI) consists of the extracellular part of the receptor and binds all three known IL-1 species but preferentially to IL-1ra. We further characterized the sizes and binding of IL-1raBF and sIL-1RI to IL-1ra by polyacrylamide gel...... electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecylsulfate, ligand binding interference analyses, N-glycosidase treatment, concanavalin A affinity chromatography, and with the use of monoclonal antibodies (mAb) to human recombinant IL-1ra. We also evaluated the binding of IL-1ra to cellular IL-1RI on MRC5...... binding of both molecules to IL-1ra. Both factors blocked binding of IL-1ra to cellular IL-1RI, as did mAb to IL-1ra, but the sites on IL-1ra which bound to the mAb, and to IL-1raBF and sIL-1RI, differed. We conclude that there are important differences between the natural and recombinant forms of soluble...

The role of interleukin-8 (IL-8) and IL-8 receptors in platinum response in high grade serous ovarian carcinoma.

Science.gov (United States)

Stronach, Euan A; Cunnea, Paula; Turner, Christina; Guney, Tankut; Aiyappa, Radhika; Jeyapalan, Senthuran; de Sousa, Camila H; Browne, Alacoque; Magdy, Nesreen; Studd, James B; Sriraksa, Ruethairat; Gabra, Hani; El-Bahrawy, Mona

2015-10-13

Platinum based drugs are the cornerstone of chemotherapy for ovarian cancer, however the development of chemoresistance hinders its success. IL-8 is involved in regulating several pro-survival pathways in cancer. We studied the expression of IL-8 and IL-8 receptors in platinum sensitive and resistant cell lines. Using qRT-PCR and immunohistochemistry, both platinum sensitive (PEA1, PEO14) and resistant (PEA2, PEO23) show increased expression of IL-8 and IL-8 receptors. IL-8RA shows nuclear and cytoplasmic expression, whilst IL-8RB is present solely in the cytoplasm. Knockdown of IL-8 increased sensitivity to cisplatin in platinum sensitive and reversed platinum resistance in resistant cell lines, decreased the expression of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 and decreased inhibitory phosphorylation of pro-apoptotic Bad. IL-8 receptor antagonist treatment also enhanced platinum sensitivity. Nuclear localisation of IL-8RA was only detected in platinum resistant tumours. Inhibition of IL-8 signalling can enhance response in platinum sensitive and resistant disease. Nuclear IL-8RA may have potential as a biomarker of resistant disease.

Oral Escherichia coli Colonization Factor Antigen I (CFA/I) Fimbriae Ameliorate Arthritis via IL-35, not IL-27

Science.gov (United States)

Kochetkova, Irina; Thornburg, Theresa; Callis, Gayle; Holderness, Kathryn; Maddaloni, Massimo; Pascual, David W.

2014-01-01

A Salmonella therapeutic expressing enterotoxigenic E. coli colonization factor antigen I (CFA/I) fimbriae protects against collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) by eliciting two regulatory T cell (Treg) subsets: TGF-β-producing Foxp3−CD39+CD4+ and IL-10-producing Foxp3+CD39+CD4+ T cells. However, it is unclear if CFA/I fimbriae alone are protective, and if other regulatory cytokines are involved especially in the context for the EBI3-sharing cytokines, Treg-derived IL-35 and APC-derived IL-27, both capable of suppressing Th17 cells and regulating autoimmune diseases. Subsequent evaluation revealed that a single oral dose of purified, soluble CFA/I fimbriae protected against CIA as effectively as Salmonella-CFA/I, and found Foxp3+CD39+CD4+ T cells as the source of secreted IL-35, whereas IL-27 production by CD11c+ cells was inhibited. Inquiring into their relevance, CFA/I fimbriae-treated IL-27 receptor-deficient (WSX-1−/−) mice were equally protected against CIA as wild-type mice suggesting a limited role for IL-27. In contrast, CFA/I fimbriae-mediated protection was abated in EBI3−/− mice accompanied by the loss of TGF-β- and IL-10-producing Tregs. Adoptive transfer of B6 CD39+CD4+ T cells to EBI3−/− mice with concurrent CFA/I plus IL-35 treatment effectively stimulated Tregs suppressing proinflammatory CII-specific Th cells. Opposingly, recipients co-transferred with B6 and EBI3−/− CD39+CD4+ T cells and treated with CFA/I plus IL-35 failed in protecting mice implicating the importance for endogenous IL-35 to confer CFA/I-mediated protection. Thus, CFA/I fimbriae stimulate IL-35 required for the co-induction of TGF-β and IL-10. PMID:24337375

IL-33 and IgE stimulate mast cell production of IL-2 and regulatory T cell expansion in allergic dermatitis.

Science.gov (United States)

Salamon, P; Shefler, I; Moshkovits, I; Munitz, A; Horwitz Klotzman, D; Mekori, Y A; Hershko, A Y

2017-11-01

We have previously shown that mast cells (MCs) suppress chronic allergic dermatitis in mice. The underlying mechanism involves MC-derived IL-2, which supports regulatory T cell (Treg) response at the site of inflammation. However, it is not clear what are the factors that drive MCs to produce IL-2. To understand the mechanisms that lead to IL-2 production from MCs in chronic allergic dermatitis. Isolated murine bone marrow-derived MCs (BMMCs) were incubated with various stimulators, and IL-2 production was assessed by RT-PCR and ELISA. The response of signalling pathways was evaluated by MAPK inhibitors and Western blot analysis. The effect of MC-IL-2 on Tregs was studied by incubation of splenic T cells with conditioned media obtained from activated BMMCs. Dermatitis was elicited by repeated exposures of mouse ears to oxazolone. MCs in mouse and human skin samples were evaluated by immunostaining. BMMCs released IL-2 in response to IL-33, and IL-2 production was further enhanced by concomitant FcεRI activation. The effect of IL-33 was mediated by activation of the MAPK family members. IL-2 in conditioned media from IL-33 and IgE-stimulated BMMCs led to considerable expansion of Tregs in vitro. IL-33 levels were elevated in oxazolone-challenged ears along with increased numbers of IL-2-expressing MCs. Human skin with chronic inflammation also contained IL-2-expressing MCs that colocalized with IL-33 staining in the dermis. IL-33, in collaboration with IgE, is critical for MC-IL-2 production in allergic skin disease, thus leading to Treg stimulation and suppression of allergic dermatitis. © 2017 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Collaboration de chercheurs québécois et béninois contre le sida ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

12 oct. 2010 ... Au Bénin, il y a 20 ans, l'épidémie de VIH/sida faisait rage, et le pays manquait de tout pour l'endiguer. Aujourd'hui, la guerre au sida n'est pas encore terminée, mais de nombreux combats ont été gagnés. Et cela, entre autres, grâce à la ténacité de chercheurs comme Michel Alary, rattaché au Centre ...

L'apprentissage informatique dans les écoles de la Colombie | CRDI ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

8 févr. 2011 ... Au Canada, beaucoup d'enfants ont accès à un ordinateur en dehors de l'école. En Colombie, on est loin de cela. » Une récente étude de cas sur la mise en application du programme CPE, parrainée par l'ICA, apporte une précision. « En Colombie, le programme s'est inspiré du modèle du Nord, mais il a ...

Targeting IL-17 AND IL-17D receptors of rheumatoid arthritis using phytocompounds: A Molecular Docking study

Science.gov (United States)

Thabitha, A.; Thoufic Ali, A. M. Mohamed; Shweta Kumari, Singh; Rakhi; Swami, Varsha; Mohana Priya, A.; Sajitha Lulu, S.

2017-11-01

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune condition of the connective tissue in synovial joints, characterized by inflammation which can lead to bone and cartilage destruction. IL-17 and IL-17D cytokines produced by a number of cell types, primarily promote pro-inflammatory immune responses and negative regulator in fibroblast growth factor signalling. Thus, the promising therapeutic strategies focus on targeting these cytokines, which has led to the identification of effective inhibitors. However, several studies focused on identifying the anti-arthritic potential of natural compounds. Therefore, in the present study we undertook in silico investigations to decipher the anti-inflammatory prospective of phytocompounds by targeting IL-17 and IL-17D cytokines using Patch Dock algorithm. Additionally, IL-17 and IL-17D proteins structure were modelled and validated for molecular docking study. Further, phytocompounds based on anti-inflammatory property were subjected to Lipinski filter and ADMET properties indicated that all of these compounds showed desirable drug-like criteria. The outcome of this investigation sheds light on the anti-inflammatory mechanism of phytocompounds by targeting IL-17 and IL-D for effective treatment of RA.

Gene variation in IL-7 receptor (IL-7R)α affects IL-7R response in CD4+ T cells in HIV-infected individuals

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Hartling, Hans Jakob; Ryder, Lars P.; Ullum, Henrik

2017-01-01

Optimal CD4+ T cell recovery after initiating combination antiretroviral treatment (cART) in HIV infection reduces risk of morbidity and mortality. T-allele homozygosity (‘TT’) in the single nucleotide polymorphism, rs6897932(C/T), in the IL-7 receptor α (IL-7RA) is associated with faster CD4+ T...... cell recovery after cART initiation compared to C-allele homozygosity in rs6897932 (‘CC’). However, underlying mechanisms are unknown. We aimed to examine potential mechanisms explaining the association between rs6897932 and CD4+ T cell recovery. Ten ‘TT’ and 10 ‘CC’ HIV-infected individuals matched...... on gender, age, and nadir and current CD4+ T cell counts were included in a cross-sectional study. ‘TT’ individuals had higher proportion of CD4+ T cells expressing pSTAT5 compared to ‘CC’ individuals after stimulating with IL-7, especially when co-stimulated with soluble IL7-RA (sIL-7RA). Furthermore, ‘TT...

Clinical significance of determination of levels of several cytokines (IL-1β, IL-2, IL-10 and TNF) in expressed prostatic fluid (EPS) from patients with various types of chronic prostatitis

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gao Juxing; Zhang Jiyun

2006-01-01

Objective: To investigate the levels of several cytokines in EPS from patients with different types of chronic prostatitis. Methods: The EPS levels of IL-1β, IL-2, IL-10 and TNF were determined with RIA in 86 patients with various types of chronic prostatitis as well as in 30 controls. Results: The EPS levels of IL-1β, IL-2 and TNF in all the 86 patients with various types of chronic prostatitis were significantly higher than those in the controls (P 10/HP, lecithin body < + +) (n=31) were significantly higher than those in patients with CPPS IIIB (WRC < 10/HP, lecithin body normal, n=29)(P<0.05 or P<0.01 ), while the IL-10 levels were significantly lower (P<0.01). Conclusion: EPS levels of the cytokines IL-β, IL-2, TNF and IL-10 might be of value for diagnosis and classification of chronic prostatitis. (authors)

IL-32 promotes angiogenesis

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Nold-Petry, C.A.; Rudloff, I.; Baumer, Y.; Ruvo, M.; Marasco, D.; Botti, P.; Farkas, L.; Cho, S.X.; Zepp, J.A.; Azam, T.; Dinkel, H.; Palmer, B.E.; Boisvert, W.A.; Cool, C.D.; Taraseviciene-Stewart, L.; Heinhuis, B.; Joosten, L.A.; Dinarello, C.A.; Voelkel, N.F.; Nold, M.F.

2014-01-01

IL-32 is a multifaceted cytokine with a role in infections, autoimmune diseases, and cancer, and it exerts diverse functions, including aggravation of inflammation and inhibition of virus propagation. We previously identified IL-32 as a critical regulator of endothelial cell (EC) functions, and we

Maternal Genetic Variants of IL4/IL13 Pathway Genes on IgE With "Western or Eastern Environments/Lifestyles".

Science.gov (United States)

Zhang, Guicheng; Khoo, Siew-Kim; Mäkelä, Mika J; Candelaria, Pierre; Hayden, Catherine M; von Hertzen, Leena; Laatikainen, Tiina; Vartiainen, Erkki; Goldblatt, Jack; Haahtela, Tari; LeSouëf, Peter N

2014-07-01

We investigated maternal genetic effects of four IL-4/IL-13 pathway genes as well as their interactions with the "Western or Eastern lifestyles/environments" on IgE in Karelian children. This study included 609 children and their mothers. Total IgE levels in children and mothers were measured and 10 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in IL-4, IL-4Ra, IL-13, and STAT6 were genotyped in mothers and their children. The maternal G allele of IL-13 130 (rs20541) was significantly (P=0.001) associated with decreased IgE in children in the Karelian population (Pooling Finnish and Russian children), as well as in Finnish (P=0.030) and Russian children (P=0.018). The IgE levels were significantly (P=0.001) higher in Russian children whose mothers were homozygous for the G allele of the IL-4Ra 50 (rs1805010) SNP than that in Russian children of mothers who were AG heterozygotes or AA homozygotes. After accounting for children's genotypes, we observed interactive effects on children's IgE for maternal IL-13 130 genotypes (P=0.014) and maternal IL-4Ra 50 genotypes (P=0.0003) with "Western or Eastern" lifestyles/environments. With the adjustment for multiple comparisons using a false discovery rate (FDR) of 0.05, the interactive effect of the maternal IL-4Ra50 SNP was significant. Maternal genetic variants in IL-4/IL-13 pathway genes, such as IL-13 130 and IL-4Ra50, influenced IgE levels in school children that were independent of the children's genetic effects. These effects differ in "Western or Eastern" environments.

IL DUELLO NEL RINASCIMENTO E IL RIPENSAMENTO ETICO SUL DUELLO DI FRANCESCO PATRIZI

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Fulvio Šuran

2012-01-01

Full Text Available In questa prima parte del saggio ci soff ermeremo in modo particolare al periodo che intercorre tra la seconda metà del XV secolo e la prima metà del XVI secolo, in quanto è in questo lasso di tempo che si trovano serie e chiare testimonianze riguardanti la questione del duello. E questo sia nelle opere letterarie che in quelle riguardanti la precettistica. Per quanto riguarda quelle di precettistica, oltre al gran numero di trattati, è da tener presente anche il gran numero delle loro riedizioni, specialmente di quelli più famosi. Dove, oltre all'immancabile comunanza d’interessi fra poeti epici e trattatisti del duello, si noterà anche una sostanziale identità terminologica - per esempio sia i poeti sia i trattatisti ritengono che il duello sia una ‘prova’ di giudizio fi nale. Questo non comporta, nel contempo, una convergenza di convinzioni fi losofi che, in quanto, come si vedrà, il duello letterario diff erisce da quello reale proprio per la sua diversa comprensione fi losofi ca del combattere. Pertanto con la presente relazione si cercherà di dispiegare la problematica che questo istituto di per sé ha comportato nel periodo storico preso in considerazione. Il duello infatti si configurava come una questione sociale tutt'altro che irrilevante per la sua connotazione ambivalente di ordalia – quale forma particolare di rapporto fra uomo e sacro – e di inculpata tutela – quale forma particolare di ricorso alla violenza privata a tutela di un fondamentale diritto naturale. In tutti e due i casi si tratta di una forma di onore, sia individuale sia nobiliare, del quale il Patrizi ne discuterà la fondatezza interpretandolo specialmente in qualità di virtù. In questa defi nizione dell'onore – che il Patrizi aff ronta con un gusto platonico – si possono scorgere questioni di alta portata politica, che ponevano sotto varia forma la questione dei rapporti tra individuo e Stato. In tal modo il duello d’onore assumeva un

Identification of contact and respiratory sensitizers according to IL-4 receptor α expression and IL-2 production

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Goutet, Michèle, E-mail: michele.goutet@inrs.fr; Pépin, Elsa; Langonné, Isabelle; Huguet, Nelly; Ban, Masarin

2012-04-15

Identification of allergenic chemicals is an important occupational safety issue. While several methods exist to identify contact sensitizers, there is currently no validated model to predict the potential of chemicals to act as respiratory sensitizers. Previously, we reported that cytometry analysis of the local immune responses induced in mice dermally exposed to the respiratory sensitizer trimellitic anhydride (TMA 10%) and contact sensitizer dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB 1%) could identify divergent expression of several immune parameters. The present study confirms, first, that IgE-positive B cells, MHC class II molecules, interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4 and IL-4Rα can differentiate the allergic reactions caused by high doses of strong respiratory (TMA, phthalic anhydride and toluene diisocyanate) and contact sensitizers (DNCB, dinitrofluorobenzene and oxazolone). The second part of the study was designed to test the robustness of these markers when classing the weakly immunogenic chemicals most often encountered. Six respiratory allergens, including TMA (2.5%), five contact allergens, including DNCB (0.25%), and two irritants were compared at doses of equivalent immunogenicity. The results indicated that IL-4Rα and IL-2 can be reliably used to discriminate sensitizers. Respiratory sensitizers induced markedly higher IL-4Rα levels than contact allergens, while irritants had no effect on this parameter. Inversely, contact allergens tended to induce higher percentages of IL-2{sup +}CD8{sup +} cells than respiratory allergens. In contrast, the markers MHC-II, IgE and IL-4 were not able to classify chemicals with low immunogenic potential. In conclusion, IL-4Rα and IL-2 have the potential to be used in classifying a variety of chemical allergens. -- Highlights: ► Identification of chemical allergens is an important occupational safety issue. ► There is currently no model to predict the potential of chemicals to induce asthma. ► We analyze immune responses induced

Identification of contact and respiratory sensitizers according to IL-4 receptor α expression and IL-2 production

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Goutet, Michèle; Pépin, Elsa; Langonné, Isabelle; Huguet, Nelly; Ban, Masarin

2012-01-01

Identification of allergenic chemicals is an important occupational safety issue. While several methods exist to identify contact sensitizers, there is currently no validated model to predict the potential of chemicals to act as respiratory sensitizers. Previously, we reported that cytometry analysis of the local immune responses induced in mice dermally exposed to the respiratory sensitizer trimellitic anhydride (TMA 10%) and contact sensitizer dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB 1%) could identify divergent expression of several immune parameters. The present study confirms, first, that IgE-positive B cells, MHC class II molecules, interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4 and IL-4Rα can differentiate the allergic reactions caused by high doses of strong respiratory (TMA, phthalic anhydride and toluene diisocyanate) and contact sensitizers (DNCB, dinitrofluorobenzene and oxazolone). The second part of the study was designed to test the robustness of these markers when classing the weakly immunogenic chemicals most often encountered. Six respiratory allergens, including TMA (2.5%), five contact allergens, including DNCB (0.25%), and two irritants were compared at doses of equivalent immunogenicity. The results indicated that IL-4Rα and IL-2 can be reliably used to discriminate sensitizers. Respiratory sensitizers induced markedly higher IL-4Rα levels than contact allergens, while irritants had no effect on this parameter. Inversely, contact allergens tended to induce higher percentages of IL-2 + CD8 + cells than respiratory allergens. In contrast, the markers MHC-II, IgE and IL-4 were not able to classify chemicals with low immunogenic potential. In conclusion, IL-4Rα and IL-2 have the potential to be used in classifying a variety of chemical allergens. -- Highlights: ► Identification of chemical allergens is an important occupational safety issue. ► There is currently no model to predict the potential of chemicals to induce asthma. ► We analyze immune responses induced in mice

IL-21 Receptor Expression in Human Tendinopathy

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Abigail L. Campbell

2014-01-01

Full Text Available The pathogenetic mechanisms underlying tendinopathy remain unclear, with much debate as to whether inflammation or degradation has the prominent role. Increasing evidence points toward an early inflammatory infiltrate and associated inflammatory cytokine production in human and animal models of tendon disease. The IL-21/IL-21R axis is a proinflammatory cytokine complex that has been associated with chronic inflammatory diseases including rheumatoid arthritis and inflammatory bowel disease. This project aimed to investigate the role and expression of the cytokine/receptor pair IL-21/IL-21R in human tendinopathy. We found significantly elevated expression of IL-21 receptor message and protein in human tendon samples but found no convincing evidence of the presence of IL-21 at message or protein level. The level of expression of IL-21R message/protein in human tenocytes was significantly upregulated by proinflammatory cytokines (TNFα/IL-1β in vitro. These findings demonstrate that IL-21R is present in early human tendinopathy mainly expressed by tenocytes and macrophages. Despite a lack of IL-21 expression, these data again suggest that early tendinopathy has an inflammatory/cytokine phenotype, which may provide novel translational targets in the treatment of tendinopathy.

IL web tutorials

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Hyldegård, Jette; Lund, Haakon

2012-01-01

The paper presents the results from a study on information literacy in a higher education (HE) context based on a larger research project evaluating 3 Norwegian IL web tutorials at 6 universities and colleges in Norway. The aim was to evaluate how the 3 web tutorials served students’ information...... seeking and writing process in an study context and to identify barriers to the employment and use of the IL web tutorials, hence to the underlying information literacy intentions by the developer. Both qualitative and quantitative methods were employed. A clear mismatch was found between intention...... and use of the web tutorials. In addition, usability only played a minor role compared to relevance. It is concluded that the positive expectations of the IL web tutorials tend to be overrated by the developers. Suggestions for further research are presented....

Sally Mann, La chair toute nue

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Lisa Rossi

2010-02-01

Full Text Available Il y a trente ans de cela, la féministe Margaret Walters remarquait qu’il subsistait une distinction tenace entre « le Sexe-qui-regarde » et le « Sexe-qui-est-regardé » dans les conventions de la représentation du nu. Une vingtaine d’années plus tard, Germaine Greer réaffirmait cette assertion et déplorait que toute transgression de cet état de fait provoquât la controverse, ou pire, n’éveillât aucun intérêt (The Beautiful Boy, 2003. Si le mouvement féministe des années 1970 a vu des artiste...

Occupational Exposure to Trichloroethylene and Serum Concentrations of IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-alpha

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Bassig, Bryan A.; Zhang, Luoping; Tang, Xiaojiang; Vermeulen, Roel; Shen, Min; Smith, Martyn T.; Qiu, Chuangyi; Ge, Yichen; Ji, Zhiying; Reiss, Boris; Hosgood, H. Dean; Liu, Songwang; Bagni, Rachel; Guo, Weihong; Purdue, Mark; Hu, Wei; Yue, Fei; Li, Laiyu; Huang, Hanlin; Rothman, Nathaniel; Lan, Qing

2015-01-01

To evaluate the immunotoxicity of trichloroethylene (TCE), we conducted a cross-sectional molecular epidemiology study in China of workers exposed to TCE. We measured serum levels of IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-α, which play a critical role in regulating various components of the immune system, in 71 exposed workers and 78 unexposed control workers. Repeated personal exposure measurements were taken in workers before blood collection using 3 M organic vapor monitoring badges. Compared to unexposed workers, the serum concentration of IL-10 in workers exposed to TCE was decreased by 70% (P = 0.001) after adjusting for potential confounders. Further, the magnitude of decline in IL-10 was >60% and statistically significant in workers exposed to <12 ppm as well as in workers with exposures ≥ 12 ppm of TCE, compared to unexposed workers. No significant differences in levels of IL-6 or TNF-α were observed among workers exposed to TCE compared to unexposed controls. Given that IL-10 plays an important role in immunologic processes, including mediating the Th1/Th2 balance, our findings provide additional evidence that TCE is immunotoxic in humans. PMID:23798002

Ginger Extract Reduces the Expression of IL-17 and IL-23 in the Sera and Central Nervous System of EAE Mice.

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Jafarzadeh, Abdollah; Azizi, Sayyed-Vahab; Nemati, Maryam; Khoramdel-Azad, Hossain; Shamsizadeh, Ali; Ayoobi, Fatemeh; Taghipour, Zahra; Hassan, Zuhair Mohammad

2015-12-01

IL-17/IL-23 axis plays an important role in the pathogenesis of several autoimmune diseases such as experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) and multiple sclerosis (MS). The immunomodulatory properties of ginger are reported in previous studies. To evaluate the effects of ginger extract on the expression of IL-17 and IL-23 in a model of EAE. EAE was induced in C57BL/6 mice by immunization with myelin oligodendroglial glycoprotein and then treated with PBS or ginger extracts, from day +3 to +30. At day 31, mice were scarificed and the expression of IL-17 and IL-23 mRNA in spinal cord were determined by using real time-PCR. The serum levels of cytokines were measured by ELISA. The mRNA expression of IL-17, IL-23 P19 and IL-23 P40 in CNS and serum levels of IL-17 and IL-23 were significantly higher in PBS-treated EAE mice than non-EAE group (pginger-treated EAE mice the mRNA expression of IL-17, P19 and P40 in CNS and serum IL-23 levels were significantly decreased as compared to PBS-treated EAE mice (pginger-treated EAE group had significantly lower expression of IL-17, P19 and P40 in CNS and lower serum IL-17 and IL-23 levels than PBS-treated EAE group (pGinger extract reduces the expression of IL-17 and IL-23 in EAE mice. The therapeutic potential of ginger for treatment of MS could be considered in further studies.

Clinical significance of changes of serum gas, IL-6 and IL-10 levels after treatment in patients with peptic ulcer

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ye Yuexian

2009-01-01

Objective: To explore the clinical significance of changes of serum Gas, Interleukin-6(IL-6) and Interleukin-10(IL-10) levels in patients with peptic ulcer. Methods: Serum Gas, IL-6 and IL-10 (with RIA) levels were determined in 61 patients with peptic ulcer both before and after treatment as well as in 35 controls. Results: Before treatment the serum Gas, IL-6 and IL-10 levels were significantly higher in the patients with peptic ulcer than those in controls (P 0.05). Conclusion: Serum Gas, IL-6 and IL-10 levels were closely related to the diseases process of peptic ulcer and were of prognostic values. (authors)

IL-36 cytokines in autoimmunity and inflammatory disease.

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