Penentuan Properties Bahan Bakar Batubara Cair untuk Bahan Bakar Marine Diesel Engine.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Nanang Juhantoro

2012-09-01

Full Text Available Coal water mixture (CWM adalah bahan bakar campuran antara batubara dan air dengan peambahan zat aditif yang dapat membentuk suspensi cairan homogen dan stabil selama penyimpanan, pengangkutan, dan pembakaran. Tahap pertama pembuatan bahan bakar batubara cair adalah dengan teknologi Upgrading Brown Coal (UBC. Pada proses upgrading ini digunakan larutan kerosen dan aspal sebagai media upgradingnya, sedangkan rasio antara larutan kerosen-aspal dengan batubara adalah 1,25. Kemudian dilanjutkan dengan pembuatan slurry bahan bakar batubara cair dengan teknologi Coal Water Mixtures (CWM. Pada proses CWM ini diameter batubara maximum 38 um. Komposisi antara batubara dengan air adalah 40% : 60%. Untuk menstabilkan CWM digunakan  bahan aditif berupa CarboMextyl Cellulose (CMC dan sebagai dipersant digunakan Alkyl Benzene Sulfonic  (ABS.  Perbandingan masing-masing aditif pada  komposisi campuran adalah 0.01% CMC dan 0.07% ABS. Dalam penelitian ini dilakukan variasi temperatur pemanasan untuk mengetahui hasil fisik maupun karakteristik bahan bakar batubara cair. Dari hasil fisik dan karakteristik diperoleh keadaan batubara cair memiliki kemiripan dengan Heavy Fuel Oil (HFO pada temperatur pemanasan 15 0C dan 50 0C.

Uji Coba Alat Penghasil Asap Cair Skala Laboratorium dengan Bahan Pengasap Serbuk Gergaji Kayu Jati Sabrang atau Sungkai (Peronema canescens

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Rodiah Nurbaya Sari

2014-05-01

energi yang dilepas dari pembentukan asap menjadi asap cair (- 476,45 kJ/kg asap, energi yang diserap air kondensor sebesar 2,1 kJ/kg air sehingga jumlah air bersuhu 30,4oC yang dibutuhkan untuk mengembunkan 1 kg asap menjadi asap cair dengan suhu pirolisis 316,7oC adalah sebanyak 226,88 liter. Kinerja alat adalah 6,98 g/(jam. m. Komponen dominan dalam asap cair yang dihasilkan adalah senyawa 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid, diethyl ester (C12H14O4 sebanyak 23,61%.

Pemanfaatan Limbah Cair Industri Tahu sebagai Pupuk Cair Organik terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Produksi Tanaman Kangkung Darat (Ipomoea Reptans Poir)

OpenAIRE

Aliyenah, Aliyenah; A Napoleon, A Napoleon; Yudono, Bambang

2015-01-01

Penelitian tentang Pemanfaatan Limbah Cair Industri Tahu Sebagai Pupuk Cair Organik Terhadap Pertumbuhan Dan Produksi Tanaman Kangkung Darat (Ipomoea reptans Poir) ini telah dilaksanakan pada Ja-nuari - Maret 2013. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pemanfaatan limbah cair industri tahu agar dapat digunakan sebagai pupuk cair organik untuk tanaman kangkung darat. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan meng-gunakan Rancang Acak Kelompok (RAK), dengan perlakuan konsentrasi pupuk cair organik dari ...

EKOGENOTOKSISITAS LIMBAH CAIR BATIK DAN EFEK ANTIMUTAGENIK Lemna minor TERHADAP ERITROSIT IKAN NILA (Oreochromis niloticus

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Erma Musbita Tyastuti

2016-09-01

Full Text Available Limbah cair batik di Solo sebagian besar dibuang langsung ke perairan tanpa diolah terlebih dahulu dan menyebabkan pencemaran air. Kandungan logam berat di dalam limbah cair batik dapat memicu efek genotoksik seperti pembentukan mikronukleus. Lemna minor berpotensi sebagai antimutagen dan mencegah pembentukan mikronukleus karena mengandung senyawa aktif seperti karoten dan asam amino. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui ekogenotoksisitas limbah cair batik dan efek antimutagenik Lemna minor terhadap eritrosit ikan nila. Penelitian dilakukan di Laboratorium Biologi UMS dengan pemaparan limbah cair batik 0ppm/L, 2500 ppm/L, 5000 ppm/L dan 7500 ppm/L terhadap 2 kelompok ikan nila dengan diet pelet dan Lemna minor. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa paparan limbah cair batik memicu pembentukan mikronukleus dengan frekwensi tertinggi pada konsentrasi paparan 7500 ppm/L. Lemna minor juga terbukti memiliki potensi antimutagenik karena mampu menekan frekwensi mikronukleus lebih rendah dibandingkan diet pelet.

Degradasi Zat Warna Pada Limbah Cair Industri Tekstil Dengan Metode Fotokatalitik Menggunakan Nanokomposit Tio2 – Zeolit

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Siti Naimah

2014-10-01

Full Text Available Telah dilakukan penelitian degradasi zat warna pada limbah cair industri tekstil menggunakan metode fotokatalitik dengan penambahan nanokomposit TiO2 - zeolit. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui efektifitas kemampuan nanokomposit dalam mendegradasi zat warna serta parameter-parameter yang ditetapkan dalam Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 82 Tahun 2001 tentang pengelolaan kualitas air dan pengendalian pencemaran air. Zeolit alam diaktivasi terlebih dahulu sebelum dikompositkan dengan TiO2. Perbandingan TiO2 : zeolit yang digunakan pada pembuatan nanokomposit adalah 100:0, 20:80, 40:60, 50:50, 60:40, dan 0:100. Percobaan pendahuluan dilakukan dengan menggunakan limbah cair tekstil buatan yang dibuat dari pewarna Synolon yellow S- G6LS (untuk warna kuning dan B/Blue R 150% special (untuk warna biru, sedangkan limbah cair industri tekstil diambil dari salah satu industri di Bogor. Waktu degradasi zat warna dilakukan dalam reaktor fotokatalitik selama 180 menit. Pada perbandingan TiO2 : zeolit 40:60 didapatkan degradasi zat warna tekstil buatan berwarna kuning maksimal adalah 99,9 % dan zat warna tekstil buatan berwarna biru maksimal 99,8%. Analisis warna menggunakan spektrofotometer dan HPLC. Nanokomposit TiO2 : zeolit 40 : 60 merupakan perbandingan optimal sehingga digunakan pada uji coba limbah cair industri tekstil. Degradasi maksimal warna kuning dengan pengolahan fotokatalitik yang ditambahkan nanokomposit pada limbah cair industri tekstil sebesar 98,4%, sedangkan untuk parameter uji zat organik, TSS, TDS, BOD, COD, dan lemak/minyak diperoleh nilai di bawah baku mutu yang dipersyaratkan. 

STUDI EKSPERIMEN PEMILIHAN BIOMASSA UNTUK MEMPRODUKSI GAS ASAP CAIR ( LIQUID SMOKE GASES SEBAGAI BAHAN PENGAWET

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Sugeng Slamet

2015-04-01

Full Text Available ABSTRAK Pengertian umum asap cair merupakan suatu hasil destilasi atau pengembunan dari uap hasil pembakaran tidak langsung maupun langsung dari bahan yang banyak mengandung karbon dan senyawa- senyawa lain. Bahan baku yang banyak digunakan untuk membuat asap cair adalah kayu, bongkol kelapa sawit, ampas hasil penggergajian kayu, dan lain-lain. Pembuatan asap cair menggunakan metode pirolisis yaitu peruraian dengan bantuan panas tanpa adanya oksigen atau dengan jumlah oksigen yang terbatas. Biasanya terdapat tiga produk dalam proses pirolisis yakni: gas, pyrolisis oil, dan arang, yang mana proporsinya tergantung dari metode pirolisis, karakteristik biomassa dan parameter reaksi. Metode yang dilakukan diawali dengan melakukan rancang bangun unit pirolisator lengkap dengan perangkat kondensor dengan pipa tembaga tipe spiral untuk memproduksi gas asap cair dari bahan biomassa yang dipilih yaitu tempurung kelapa dan sampah organik. Metode Pirolisis yang merupakan proses reaksi penguraian senyawa-senyawa penyusun kayu keras menjadi beberapa senyawa organik melalui reaksi pembakaran kering pembakaran tanpa oksigen. Reaksi ini berlangsung pada reaktor pirolisator dengan variasi temperatur 150oC, 250oC dan 300oC selama 8 jam pembakaran. Asap hasil pembakaran dikondensasi dengan kondensor yang berupa pipa tembaga melingkar. Hasil dari proses pirolisis diperoleh tiga produk yaitu asap cair, tar, dan arang. Kondensasi dilakukan dengan pipa atau koil melingkar yang dipasang dalam bak pendingin. Air pendingin dapat berasal dari air hujan yang ditampung dalam bak penampungan. Hasil yang diperoleh dari penelitian ini adalah biomassa tempurung kelapa menghasilkan jumlah senyawa fenol lebih besar 30-33%. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa pada jenis biomassa ini lebih unggul dalam fungsi sebagai antioksidan, karena kaya akan kandungan senyawa fenol, sehingga lebih optimal dalam hal menghambat kerusakan pangan dengan cara mendonorkan hidrogen. Sedangkan biomassa cangkang

Penerapan Produksi Bersih Dalam Upaya Penurunan Timbulan Limbah Cair Di Pabrik Gula Tebu

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Yudith Vega Paramitadevi

2017-11-01

Full Text Available Tebu (Saccharum officianarum L. adalah tanaman yang mempunyai banyak manfaat, salah satunya sukrosa yang terdapat pada batang tebu yang dimanfaatkan untuk menghasilkan kristal gula. Kristal gula yang terbentuk mengalami pemrosesan yang panjang, dimulai dari penggilingan tebu hingga pemasakan. Pada proses pengolahan tersebut akan menghasilkan gula produk sekaligus limbah cair yang memiliki beban pencemaran organik tinggi. Tindak produksi bersih dalam industri gula tebu diperlukan agar penghematan air baku dan pencemaran air dapat terlaksana. Kajian terhadap produksi bersih dilakukan melalui studi kasus yang sifatnya deskriptif pada salah satu industri gula tebu di Indonesia. Identifikasi terhadap peluang produksi bersih dilakukan agar diperoleh pengaruh keseluruhan terhadap kinerja lingkungan, terutama pengurangan terhadap beban influen yang masuk ke IPAL. Sebanyak 6 alternatif peluang produksi bersih untuk penghematan konsumsi air baku dan 4 alternatif peluang produksi bersih untuk reduksi timbulan limbah cair diberikan. Peluang produksi bersih yang akhirnya dapat diterapkan yakni recycle air kondensat larutan gula, air bekas scrubber dan penerapan good house keeping. Debit air yang masuk ke IPAL berkurang 51.72%, setara dengan 4500 m3 air baku per hari, atau penghematan sebesar Rp 17.235.310,00 per tahun. Perancangan desain IPAL ulang juga diusulkan untuk mengatasi permasalahan konvensional yang melekat pada sistem kolam anaerobik-aerobik.

40 CFR 96.253 - Recordation of CAIR SO2 allowances.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 20 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Recordation of CAIR SO2 allowances. 96... (CONTINUED) NOX BUDGET TRADING PROGRAM AND CAIR NOX AND SO2 TRADING PROGRAMS FOR STATE IMPLEMENTATION PLANS CAIR SO2 Allowance Tracking System § 96.253 Recordation of CAIR SO2 allowances. (a)(1) After a...

40 CFR 97.253 - Recordation of CAIR SO2 allowances.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 20 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Recordation of CAIR SO2 allowances. 97... (CONTINUED) FEDERAL NOX BUDGET TRADING PROGRAM AND CAIR NOX AND SO2 TRADING PROGRAMS CAIR SO2 Allowance Tracking System § 97.253 Recordation of CAIR SO2 allowances. (a)(1) After a compliance account is...

ANALISIS DAN PREDIKSI BEBAN PENCEMARAN LIMBAH CAIR PABRIK PENGALENGAN IKAN (Analysis and Prediction of Liquid Waste Pollutant Level in Fish Canning Plant

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Latif Sahubawa

2011-03-01

Full Text Available ABSTRAK Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui kadar parameter pencemaran serta beban pencemaran limbah cair pabrik pengalengan ikan sardin. Manfaatnya adalah sebagai saran pertimbangan kepada industri untuk mengelola limbah cair secara profesional, menjamin kelestarian dan peruntukkan badan air penerima limbah cair, serta bahan informasi ilmiah kepada pengambil kebijakan (terutama pejabat daerah dalam pengelolaan kualitas lingkungan hidup secara berkelanjutan. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah neraca masa, dengan parameter pengamatan yaitu: debit limbah cair maksimum (DM dan debit limbah cair sebenarnya (DA, serta beban pencemaran maksimum (BPM dan beban pencemaran sebenarnya (BPA dari parameter pH, TSS, BOD, COD, dan minyak/lemak sesuai Kepmen LH. No. 06 Tahun 2007. Berdasarkan hasil pengukuran, tercatat debit air limbah aktual (Dp = 10,0 liter/detik, debit air limbah sebenarnya (DA = 2.880 m 3, serta debit air limbah maksimum (DM = 720 m 3, (jadi DA > DM. Dari hasil analisis laboratorium, kadar parameter indikator pencemaran limbah cair pabrik ikan kaleng, masing-masing: pH = 6,5; TSS = 250 mg/l; BOD 5 = 95,0 mg/l; COD = 105 mg/l; dan minyak/lemak = 0,5 mg/l. Berdasarkan hasil perhitungan, ternyata beban pencemaran sebenarnya dari masing-masing parameter (BPA-TSS, BOD 5 , dan COD lebih besar dari beban pencemaran maksimum (BPM, kecuali lemak di mana BPA MWD. Based on the laboratory analytical result, wastewater pollution indicator parameters are, respectively, pH=6.5; TSS=250 mg/l; BOD­5=95.0 mg/l; COD=105 mg/l; and oil/fat = 0.5 mg/l. Based on the measuring result, the substantive pollution load, respectively, higher than maximum pollution load (SPL>MPL, except fat parameter, while SPL less than MPL.  We can conclude that wastewater pollution load produced by canning industries, exceeded the allowed limit of wastewater quality for fisheries industries (Kepmen LH No. 06 Year 2007, and also resulted pollution (changing the utilization in

40 CFR 96.286 - Withdrawal from CAIR SO2 Trading Program.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 20 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Withdrawal from CAIR SO2 Trading... PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) NOX BUDGET TRADING PROGRAM AND CAIR NOX AND SO2 TRADING PROGRAMS FOR STATE IMPLEMENTATION PLANS CAIR SO2 Opt-in Units § 96.286 Withdrawal from CAIR SO2 Trading Program. Except as provided...

40 CFR 97.286 - Withdrawal from CAIR SO2 Trading Program.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 20 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Withdrawal from CAIR SO2 Trading... PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) FEDERAL NOX BUDGET TRADING PROGRAM AND CAIR NOX AND SO2 TRADING PROGRAMS CAIR SO2 Opt-in Units § 97.286 Withdrawal from CAIR SO2 Trading Program. Except as provided under paragraph (g) of...

PENGOLAHAN LIMBAH CAIR INDUSTRI SUSU (Liquid Waste Management in Milk Factory

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Wagini Wagini

2002-03-01

Full Text Available ABSTRAK Telah dilakukan suatu penelitian untuk mengetahui kondisi limbah cair industri susu. hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa limbah cair industri susu mengandung zat-zat pencemar dalam tingkat yang membahayakan lingkungan, sehingga limbah cair tersebut perlu didaur ulang. Untuk itu diperlukan suatu instalasi peralatan yang mampu mengolah limbah tersebut. Pada penelitian ini proses pengolahan dilakukan dengan mengkombinasikan proses-proses pengolahan secara Fisika, Kimia dan Biologi. Dengan tahapan proses pengolahan yang dipilih meliputi; Proses equalisasi, proses anaerob, proses aerasi, lumpur aktif, proses sedimentasi, proses koagulasi-flokulasi, proses sedimentasi, proses flotasi, proses pengendapan partikel ringan, proses penyaringan dengan pasir dan arang aktif.    Kualitas air hasil pengolahan dianalisa secara Fisika, Kimia dan Biologi melalui parameter-parameter: suhu, kekeruhan, zat padat tersuspensi, zat padat terlarut, daya hantar listrik, PH, BOD, COD dan jumlah bakteri. Penelitian ini menunjukkan air hasil pengolahan aman untuk dibuang ke lingkungan.   ABSTRACT A research to identify the condition of milk industry liquid waste was conducted. The result showed that the waste contained pollutants at the level the endangered the environment. Therefore, the waste had to be recycled in which a liquid waste treatment installation is needed. In this research, the process of milk industry liquid waste was done by combining processing techniques of physics, chemistry and biology. The processing steps include the processes of equalization, anaerobe, aeration, sedimentation, coagulation-flocculation, sedimentation, flotation, sedimentation, filtering with sand and activated carbon. The water resulted from the processes was analyzed in terms of physical, chemical and biological characteristics e.g. temperature, turbidity, suspended solid, solutes solid, conductivity, pH, BOD, COD and amount of bacteria. This research, shows that the water

Penurunan Logam Timbal (Pb pada Limbah Cair TPA Piyungan Yogyakarta dengan Constructed Wetlands Menggunakan Tumbuhan Eceng Gondok (Eichornia Crassipes

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Eko Siswoyo

2015-10-01

Full Text Available Salah satu permasalahan lingkungan yang ditimbulkan dari adanya lindi di TPA Piyungan yaitu pencemaran pada badan air, sungai dan air tanah. Untuk mengatasi permasalahan ini salah satunya dengan sistem Constructed Wetlands dengan menggunakan tumbuhah eceng gondok. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui tingkat penurunan konsentrasi Timbal (Pb yang terdapat dalam limbah cair TPA Piyungan dengan Constructed Wetlands menggunakan tumbuhan eceng gondok dan untuk mengetahui seberapa besar kapasitas serapan tumbuhan eceng gondok terhadap kandungan Timbal (Pb dalam limbah cair TPA Piyungan.Dalam penelitian ini digunakan reaktor yang terbuat dari kayu yang dilapisi plastik dengan ukuran 0,5 m x 1,0 m. Setiap reaktor diberi media tanah 5 cm, dan diberi tumbuhan sebanyak 14 buah. Reaktor tersebut diberi perlakuan dengan konsentrasi limbah yang bervariasi (100%, 75%, 50%, 25%, dan 0%, dan waktu pengambilan sampel (0, 3, 6, 9, 12 hari. Dengan menggunakan metode SSA (Spektrofotometri Serapan Atom.Berdasarkan pengujian diperoleh bahwa penurunan logam Pb pada limbah cair TPA Piyungan hari ke- 12, yaitu sebesar 0.0501mg/L pada konsentrasi 100%, 0.0295mg/L pada konsentrasi 75%, 0.0267mg/L pada konsentrasi 50% dan 0.0041 mg/L pada konsentrasi 25%.

40 CFR 96.142 - CAIR NOX allowance allocations.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-07-01

... the 3 highest amounts of the unit's adjusted control period heat input for 2000 through 2004, with the adjusted control period heat input for each year calculated as follows: (A) If the unit is coal-fired... CAIR NOX Allowance Allocations § 96.142 CAIR NOX allowance allocations. (a)(1) The baseline heat input...

MODEL PREDIKSI PENGARUH LIMBAH CAIR HOTEL TERHADAP KUALITAS AIR LAUT DI PESISIR TELUK KUPANG (A Prediction Model of Liquid Waste Hotel Impact on The Sea Water along The Coast of Kupang Bay

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Inty Megarini

2015-11-01

Full Text Available ABSTRAK Hotel-hotel di pesisir Teluk Kupang sebagian besar membuang efluen limbah cairnya ke laut. Kondisi ini akan berpengaruh terhadap kualitas air laut dan berdampak pada kelangsungan hidup biota dan mikroorganisme laut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuat prediksi pengaruh efluen limbah cair hotel yang dibuang terhadap kualitas air laut di hadapannya. Parameter yang diteliti adalah minyak dan lemak dan ortofosfat efluen limbah cair hotel. Parameter kualitas air laut yang diteliti adalah kekeruhan, minyak dan lemak dan klorofil. Metode pengambilan sampel dan pengujian menggunakan SNI dan USEPA. Analisis data menggunakan uji korelasi dan regresi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kekeruhan air laut pada jarak 0 meter dan 25 meter dapat diprediksi dari kadar minyak dan lemak efluen limbah cair hotel melalui model regresi y = 0,0051 x + 4,8456 dan y = 0,0015 x + 4,5440. Kadar klorofil air laut pada jarak 25 meter dan 75 meter dapat diprediksi dari kadar ortofosfat efluen limbah cair hotel melalui persamaan regresi y = 0,0430 x + 0,0004 dan y = 0,0075 x + 0,0001. ABSTRACT Most of the hotels located along the coast of Kupang Bay dump their effluent liquid waste to the sea. This action will definitely affect the sea water quality and in turn, will unavoidably give deep impact on the life of both microorganism and all the living things in the sea. This research intends to make an impact prediction on the sea water quality over the dumping hotels’ affluent liquid waste to the sea. The parameters which are observed are oil and fat and orthophosphate of the hotels’ affluent liquid waste. While the observed parameters of the sea water quality are turbidity, oil and fat, and chlorophyll. The methods used to take and test the sample are SNI and USEPA. And to analyze the data, testing on both correlation and regression are applied. The result of the study reveals that the turbidity of the sea water within the range of 0 to 25 meters can be

Asap Cair Sabut Kelapa sebagai Repelan Bagi Hama Padi Walang Sangit (Leptocorisa oratorius

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Rachmat S. Santoso

2016-05-01

Full Text Available Asap cair sabut kelapa berpotensi sebagai repelan terhadap hama padi walang sangit (Leptocorisa oratorius Corixa Acuta Thumb. Asap cair ini diperoleh melalui pirolisis dari bahan yang banyak mengandung biomasa yaitu hemi selulosa, selulosa dan lignin dimana dekomposisinya merupakan senyawa fenol dan asam serta turunannya. Hasil identifikasi asap cair ini ada 25 senyawa dan 3 senyawa dominan diantaranya asam palmitat, metal oleat, siklo tetraheksana, yang mampu bekerja aktif sebagai repelan terhadap walang sangit hingga dapat menekan populasi menuju arah nilai ambang ekonomi. Serta bersifat anti mikroba dan bacteria bagi hama dan penyakit tanaman.Kata kunci: Asap cair, Repelan, Walang sangit.

Air quality monitoring using mobile microscopy and machine learning

KAUST Repository

Wu, Yi-Chen; Shiledar, Ashutosh; Li, Yi-Cheng; Wong, Jeffrey; Feng, Steve; Chen, Xuan; Chen, Christine; Jin, Kevin; Janamian, Saba; Yang, Zhe; Ballard, Zachary Scott; Gö rö cs, Zoltá n; Feizi, Alborz; Ozcan, Aydogan

2017-01-01

Rapid, accurate and high-throughput sizing and quantification of particulate matter (PM) in air is crucial for monitoring and improving air quality. In fact, particles in air with a diameter of ≤2.5 μm have been classified as carcinogenic by the World Health Organization. Here we present a field-portable cost-effective platform for high-throughput quantification of particulate matter using computational lens-free microscopy and machine-learning. This platform, termed c-Air, is also integrated with a smartphone application for device control and display of results. This mobile device rapidly screens 6.5 L of air in 30 s and generates microscopic images of the aerosols in air. It provides statistics of the particle size and density distribution with a sizing accuracy of ~93%. We tested this mobile platform by measuring the air quality at different indoor and outdoor environments and measurement times, and compared our results to those of an Environmental Protection Agency–approved device based on beta-attenuation monitoring, which showed strong correlation to c-Air measurements. Furthermore, we used c-Air to map the air quality around Los Angeles International Airport (LAX) over 24 h to confirm that the impact of LAX on increased PM concentration was present even at >7 km away from the airport, especially along the direction of landing flights. With its machine-learning-based computational microscopy interface, c-Air can be adaptively tailored to detect specific particles in air, for example, various types of pollen and mold and provide a cost-effective mobile solution for highly accurate and distributed sensing of air quality.

Air quality monitoring using mobile microscopy and machine learning

KAUST Repository

Wu, Yi-Chen

2017-09-08

Rapid, accurate and high-throughput sizing and quantification of particulate matter (PM) in air is crucial for monitoring and improving air quality. In fact, particles in air with a diameter of ≤2.5 μm have been classified as carcinogenic by the World Health Organization. Here we present a field-portable cost-effective platform for high-throughput quantification of particulate matter using computational lens-free microscopy and machine-learning. This platform, termed c-Air, is also integrated with a smartphone application for device control and display of results. This mobile device rapidly screens 6.5 L of air in 30 s and generates microscopic images of the aerosols in air. It provides statistics of the particle size and density distribution with a sizing accuracy of ~93%. We tested this mobile platform by measuring the air quality at different indoor and outdoor environments and measurement times, and compared our results to those of an Environmental Protection Agency–approved device based on beta-attenuation monitoring, which showed strong correlation to c-Air measurements. Furthermore, we used c-Air to map the air quality around Los Angeles International Airport (LAX) over 24 h to confirm that the impact of LAX on increased PM concentration was present even at >7 km away from the airport, especially along the direction of landing flights. With its machine-learning-based computational microscopy interface, c-Air can be adaptively tailored to detect specific particles in air, for example, various types of pollen and mold and provide a cost-effective mobile solution for highly accurate and distributed sensing of air quality.

PEMANFAATAN SEREH (Cymbopogon Cytratus DALAM MENURUNKAN BAU PADA PUPUK ORGANIK CAIR DAN POTENSINYA DALAM MENINGKATKAN PRODUKSI TANAMAN CABAI (Capsicum Annum

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Nurhasanah Nurhasanah

2013-09-01

Full Text Available Research in the use of lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus to reduce odors in liquid organic fertilizer has been conducted in Bogor for 6 months. This study begin with a liquid organic fertilizer produced from 1 kg of shrimp waste, 1 kg of maize, 1 kg of bean sprouts, 10 liters of coconut water, 500 ml of EM4 and 500 g of sugar through fermentation process for 6 weeks. Then the result of liquid organic fertilizer was added by an ingredient lemongrass as deodorizing with doses of 0, 10%, 20% and 30% (w/v. After that it is fermented for 2 weeks. The next stage was the application of liquid organic fertilizer as a foliar fertilizer at chillies (Capsicum annum planting using a completely randomized design (CRD 1 factors type of using liquid organic fertilizer (control, liquid organic fertilizer without lemongrass, liquid organic fertilizer + 10% lemongrass, liquid organic fertilizer + 20% lemongrass and liquid organic fertilizer + 30% lemongrass respectively at doses of 0, 6, 12 and 18 ppm. The parameters measured were odor (NH3 and H2S, levels of macro nutrients (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, and S and micro nutrients (Cu, Zn, Mn, and Fe after fermenting process, and the production of crops (fruit number and fruit weight after planting. Research results show that the higher dose of lemongrass added cause levels of odor (NH3 and H2S in the liquid organic fertilizer decreased and content of macro nutrients, micro nutrients, and phytohormones increased. The planting results indicate liquid organic fertilizer which added 20% lemongrass in a dose of 12 ppm was the optimal dose in increasing crop production. Penelitian penggunaan sereh (Cymbopogon citratus dalam menurunkan bau pada pupuk organik cair telah dilakukan di Bogor selama 6 bulan. Penelitian ini diawali dengan membuat pupuk organik cair yang dihasilkan dari 1 kg limbah udang, 1 kg jagung, 1 kg touge, 10 Liter air kelapa, 500 ml EM4 dan 500 g gula pasir melalui proses fermentasi selama 6 minggu. Kemudian pada

Pengolahan Limbah Cair Pabrik Pupuk Urea Menggunakan Advanced Oxidation Processes

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Darmadi Darmadi

2014-06-01

Full Text Available Limbah cair pabrik pupuk urea terdiri dari urea dan amonium yang masing-masing mempunyai konsentrasi berkisar antara 1500-10000 ppm dan 400-3000 ppm. Konsentrasi urea yang tinggi di dalam badan air dapat menyebabkan blooming algae dalam ekosistem tersebut yang dapat mengakibatkan kehidupan biota air lain terserang penyakit. Peristiwa ini terjadi karena kurangnya nutrisi bagi biota air dan sedikitnya sinar matahari yang dapat menembusi permukaan air. Disamping kedua hal tersebut di atas, algae juga dapat memproduksi senyawa beracun bagi biota air dan manusia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengolah urea menggunakan oksidasi konvensional (H2O2 dan Advanced Oxidation Processes (kombinasi H2O2-Fe2+ pada pH 5 dengan parameter yang digunakan adalah variasi konsen-trasi awal H2O2  dan konsentrasi Fe2+. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa penurunan konsentrasi urea tertinggi diperoleh pada penggunaan reagen fenton (8000 ppm H2O2 dan 500 ppm Fe2+, yaitu dapat menurunkan urea dari konsentrasi awal urea 2566,145 ppm menjadi 0 ppm. Kinetika reaksi dekomposisi urea menjadi amonium dan amonium menjadi nitrit dan nitrat yang diuji mengikuti laju kinetika reaksi orde 1 (satu terhadap urea dan orde satu terhadap amonium dengan konstanta laju reaksi masing-masing k1 = 0,019 dan k2 = 0,022 min-1.

The accident information and management system CAIRE for real time applications. Das Stoerfall-Leitsystem CAIRE fuer Echtzeitanwendungen

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Brenk, H.D.; Kluttig, H.; Witt, H. de; Kistinger, S.; Kruschel, K.P.; Knaup, A.G.

1992-01-01

Remote monitoring systems have increased their importance as an inherent part of environmental surveillance installations in the FRG and in other countries. The existing systems in Germany are designed to cover both, routine operation and emergency situations. They provide site specific meteorological data, gross effluent dose rates, and dose rate measurements at on-site and approximately 30 off-site locations in the vicinity of a plant. Based on such telemetric surveillance networks an advanced automatic on-line system named CAIRE (Computer Aided Response to Emergencies) has been developed as a real time emergency response tool for nuclear facilities. This tool is designed to provide decision makers with most relevant radiation exposure data of the population at risk. CAIRE allows the continuous feed-back of current measurements of environmental impacts into diagnostic calculations for bringing measurements and calculations into best correspondence. This is the main advantage of CAIRE compared to conventional emergency systems and it results in both, a consistent actual interpretation of a bulk of single measurements of dose rates and/or activity concentrations, and a more realistic set of model parameters. Subsequently these parameters are used as input data for the evaluation of actual dose commitments and projections of them by means of real-time calculation. A second advantage is a more realistic assessment of the source term if in-plant dose rate measurements are not available due to emissions out of leckages, e.g. In such cases the assessment of the source term can be based an of-plant dose rate measurements located on the ground within a source distance between 200 and 300 m. (orig./HP).

Calidad del aire en galpón avícola con ventilación natural durante la fase de pollitos

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Robinson Osorio H.

Full Text Available RESUMEN Los pollos de engorde durante la primera fase deben estar protegidos del estrés por frio, especialmente en el inverno, noches y madrugadas frías. Para proteger a los animales, los avicultores han utilizado diferentes estrategias, entre ellas está el uso de varias capas de cortinas para aumentar el nivel de aislamiento térmico y disminuir las pérdidas de calor, disminuyendo también la permeabilidad con el aire externo. En este contexto, es importante dar especial atención a la calidad del aire interno de los galpones avícolas como parte de una producción bajo parámetros de bienestar animal. El presente estudio fue realizado en el municipio de Barbacena, MG, en Brasil, y tuvo como objetivo evaluar la calidad del aire al nivel de los pollos y los trabajadores, específicamente de las concentraciones de amoniaco, dióxido de carbono y monóxido de carbono, en un galpón avícola naturalmente ventilado durante la primera fase de vida de pollos de engorde en el período de inverno, y la influencia del nivel de aislamiento con cortinas laterales sobre las concentraciones de amoniaco. Durante la primera semana experimental, los niveles de amoniaco sobrepasaron los valores aceptables, y se encontró diferencia estadística entre las concentraciones de amoniaco para los diferentes niveles de aislamiento con cortinas laterales.

FOTODEGRADASI ZAT WARNA TARTRAZIN LIMBAH CAIR INDUSTRI MIE MENGGUNAKAN FOTOKATALIS TiO2 - SINAR MATAHARI

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Dian Windy Dwiasi

2014-05-01

Full Text Available Salah satu dampak negatif perkembangan industri mie di Indonesia adalah timbulnya pencemaran lingkungan dari limbah cair industri mie yang masih mengandung zat organik seperti zat warna tartrazin. Penurunan kadar zat warna tartrazin dalam limbah cair mie dapat diupayakan dengan cara mendegradasi zat warna tartrazin melalui proses fotodegradasi dengan metode fotokatalis. Pada penelitian ini telah dilakukan fotodegradasi zat warna tartrazin dalam limbah cair mie menggunakan fotokatalis TiO2. Perlakuan meliputi pengaruh variasi waktu kontak dan pH terhadap aktivitas fotokatalis TiO2 menggunakan sinar UV dan sinar matahari. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aktivitas fotokatalitik yang terbaik untuk TiO2 adalah pada kondisi limbah cair mie dengan pH 2, dan waktu kontak 1 jam. Persentase penurunan kadar tartrazin dengan menggunakan lampu UV adalah sebesar 56,81%, sedangkan dengan penyinaran sinar matahari sebesar 61,64 %.

40 CFR Appendix A to Subpart III... - States With Approved State Implementation Plan Revisions Concerning CAIR SO2 Opt-In Units

Science.gov (United States)

2010-07-01

... Implementation Plan Revisions Concerning CAIR SO2 Opt-In Units A Appendix A to Subpart III of Part 97 Protection... BUDGET TRADING PROGRAM AND CAIR NOX AND SO2 TRADING PROGRAMS CAIR SO2 Opt-in Units Pt. 97, Subpt. III... Concerning CAIR SO2 Opt-In Units 1. The following States have State Implementation Plan revisions under § 51...

Penggunaan Hukum Hagen-Poiseuille dalam Penentuan Koefisien Viskositas Zat Cair dengan Prinsip Kontrol Berat Berbantuan Software Logger Pro

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Lia Adini

2017-10-01

Full Text Available Pengukuran koefisien viskositas zat cair menggunakan hukum Hagen-Poiseuille dengan metode Microcomputer Based Laboratory telah dilakukan. Viskositas merupakan ukuran penolakan fluida terhadap perubahan bentuk di bawah tekanan shear. Hukum Hagen-Poiseuille digunakan dalam penelitian ini karena zat cair yang digunakan merupakan zat cair Newtonian. Tangki viskometer kapiler yang dikaitkan ke sensor gaya diisi zat cair untuk kemudian dialirkan keluar melalui pipa kapiler dengan panjang (9,8±0,09×10-2 m dan diameter dalam (2,1620±0,0096 ×10-3 m. Data penurunan massa zat cair direkam menggunakan sensor gaya buatan Vernier Tecnology dan analisis fitting data menggunakan software Logger Pro. Nilai karakteristik waktu diperoleh dari hasil fitting data digunakan untuk perhitungan koefisien viskositas zat cair menggunakan hukum Hagen-Poiseuille. Dari percobaan ini diperoleh nilai koefisien viskositas air sebesar (1,063±0,113 mPa.s yang sesuai dengan nilai acuan teori yaitu 1,002 mPa.s, oli SAE 10W-30 sebesar (79,01±8,90 Pa.s sesuai dengan nilai acuan teori 76,8 Pa.s, dan gliserin sebesar (593,4±56,7 mPa.s sesuai dengan nilai acuan teori 612 mPa.s.Measurement of liquid viscosity coefficient using Hagen-Poiseuille law with Microcomputer-Based Laboratory method has been done. Viscosity is the fluid declination measure of form changes under sheer pressure. Hagen-Poiseuille law is used in this study because the liquid used is a Newtonian liquid. Capillary viscometer tanks attached to force sensors are filled with liquid to be streamed out through capillary tubes of length (9.8 ± 0.09 × 10-2 m and the inner diameter (2.1620 ± 0.0096 × 10-3 m. Data on the mass degradation of liquids was recorded using a Vernier Technology force sensor while the data fitting analysis using Logger Pro software. The time characteristic values which obtained from the data fittings are used in the calculation of the liquid viscosity coefficient using Hagen-Poiseuille law

Caire - A real-time feedback system for emergency response

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Braun, H.; Brenk, H.D.; de Witt, H.

1991-01-01

In cases of nuclear emergencies it is the primary task of emergency response forces and decision making authorities to act properly. Whatever the specific reason for the contingency may be, a quick and most accurate estimate of the radiation exposure in consequence of the emergency must be made. This is a necessary prerequisite for decisions on protective measures and off-site emergency management. With respect to this fact ant the recent experience of the Chernobyl accident, remote monitoring systems have increased their importance as an inherent part of environmental surveillance installations in the FRG and in other countries. The existing systems in Germany are designed to cover both, routine operation and emergency situations. They provide site specific meteorological data, gross effluent dose rates, and dose rate measurements at on-site and approximately 30 off-site locations in the vicinity of a plant. Based on such telemetric surveillance networks an advanced automatic on-line system named CAIRE (Computer Aided Response to Emergencies) has been developed as a real time emergency response tool for nuclear facilities. this tool is designed to provide decision makers with most relevant radiation exposure data of the population at risk. The development phase of CAIRE has already been finished. CAIRE is now in an operational status and available for applications in emergency planning and response

40 CFR 97.142 - CAIR NOX allowance allocations.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-07-01

... heat input for each year calculated as follows: (A) If the unit is coal-fired during the year, the unit... the first such 5 years. (2)(i) A unit's control period heat input, and a unit's status as coal-fired... Allocations § 97.142 CAIR NOX allowance allocations. (a)(1) The baseline heat input (in mmBtu) used with...

Pemanfaatan Limbah Cair Pengempaan Gambir untuk Pewarnaan Kain Batik

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Failisnur Failisnur

2017-06-01

Full Text Available Gambier is a potential plant in West Sumatra with production about 17,160 tonnes in 2014. It will be released about 4,290,000 L of unutilized wastewater from that production which is dumped around production area. The wastewater odor is acidic with pH of 3-4 and contaminating the surrounding environment. Tannin content of the wastewater is high enough so it is good to be used as a dye. The research objective was to utilize wastewater of gambir as a dye in some types of batik fabrics. Variations of treatment in this study were 4 types of fabrics: cotton, silk, viscose and dobby, and addition of mordant metal Al2(SO43, CaO, and FeSO4. The result showed that the color direction of the fabrics varied from light brown, brown to blackish brown. Viscose fabric provided the highest color strength, followed by dobby fabrics. Silk and cotton fabrics produced non significant color strength. The test results of color fastness to washing in 40°C, light, and rubbing were generally good to excellent value (4-5. Test result of tear strength when compared with fabric blank showed that dyeing with gambir not reduce the fabric tear strength.ABSTRAKGambir merupakan tanaman perkebunan yang cukup banyak di Sumatera Barat dengan produksi tahun 2014 sekitar 17.160 ton. Dari produksi tersebut akan menghasilkan limbah cair sekitar 4.290.000 L yang dibuang di sekitar area produksi dan belum dimanfaatkan. Limbah cair tersebut berbau asam dengan pH 3-4 dan berpotensi mencemari lingkungan sekitarnya. Kandungan tanin dari limbah cair ini cukup tinggi sehingga sangat baik untuk dimanfaatkan sebagai pewarna. Tujuan penelitian adalah memanfaatkan limbah cair gambir sebagai pewarna pada beberapa jenis kain batik. Penelitian ini memvariasikan perlakuan penggunaan 4 jenis kain yaitu kain katun, kain sutera, kain viskos, dan kain dobi, dengan penambahan logam mordan Al2(SO43, CaO, dan FeSO4. Hasil penelitian didapatkan arah warna kain bervariasi dari coklat muda, coklat sampai

Fases fluoradas como sorventes para extração em fase sólida de pesticidas e compostos perfluorados

OpenAIRE

Cristiane Vidal

2015-01-01

Resumo: Fases sólidas fluoradas apresentam características oriundas das propriedades da ligação C-F, como o alto momento de dipolo e a baixa polarizabilidade e isto confere seletividades peculiares a elas. Existem diversas fases estacionárias alquilperfluoradas e fenilperfluoradas comerciais para cromatografia líquida, entretanto, a oferta de fases sólidas fluoradas para extração em fase sólida (SPE) é menor. Assim, este trabalho descreve um novo método de SPE utilizando uma fase fluorada pre...

PENGEMBANGAN METODE PENETAPAN KADAR SIKLAMAT BERBASIS KROMATOGRAFI CAIR KINERJA TINGGI GUNA DIIMPLEMENTASIKAN DALAM KAJIAN PAPARAN

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Budi Wibowotomo

2012-08-01

Full Text Available The aim of this research was to develop a method for determining cycla­mate content in foods based on High Performance Liquid Chromatography for exposure assessment of cyclamate. The extraction procedure is conducted by de­creasing pH sample until less than 2, and mobile phase is executed by applying the ratio of phosphate buffer-methanol as 75:25, 80:20, 85:15. The results of experiments be obtained colom: ODS RP-18, 5 μm, 250 x 4,6 mm ID; mobile phase: phosphate buffer/KH2PO4 pH 4,6 and metanol in a ratio of 85:15; flow rate: 1 ml/min; injection volume: 20 μl; and detector: UV-Vis 200 nm. The indication of extraction showed by parameter distribution ratio D ≈ KD and the extraction efficiency of 83.04–94.92%. The exposure estimated of cyclamate based concentration analysis is about 28.41 mg/kg bw/day (258.27% ADI, where SNI 01-6993-2004 regulates 2.99 mg/kg bw/day (27.21% ADI. Tujuan penelitian adalah mengembangkan metode penetapan siklamat ber­basis kromatografi cair kinerja tinggi untuk pengukuran konsentrasi siklamat. Prose­dur  ekstraksi menggunakan  modifikasi  pH sampel hingga pH lebih kecil 2, dan fase gerak diterapkan perlakuan rasio bufer fosfat–metanol 75 : 25, 80 : 20, dan 85 : 15. Hasil eksperimen diperoleh kolom: ODS RP-18, 5 μm, 250 x 4,6 mm ID; fase gerak: bufer fosfat/KH2PO4 pH 4,6 dan metanol rasio 85 : 15; laju aliran: 1 ml/menit; volume injeksi: 20 μl; dan detektor: UV-Vis 200 nm. Indikasi keberhasilan ekstraksi ditunjukkan dengan parameter rasio distribusi D ≈ KD dan efisiensi ekstraksi 83,04–94,92%. Estimasi paparan berdasar konsentrasi analisis langsung sebesar 28,41 mg/kg bb/hari (258,27% ADI, sedang estimasi paparan berbasis SNI 01-6993-2004 sebesar 2,99 mg/kg bb/hari (27,21% ADI.

77 FR 24793 - Approval and Promulgation of Air Quality Implementation Plans; State of New York; Regional Haze...

Science.gov (United States)

2012-04-25

...- air quality environmental impacts of compliance, (3) any existing pollution control technology in use.... Implication of Clean Air Interstate Rule and Cross State Air Pollution Rule II. What is the background for EPA... CAIR rule, on July 6, 2011 EPA finalized the Cross- State Air Pollution Rule (CSAPR); a rule intended...

78 FR 15664 - Approval and Promulgation of Air Quality Implementation Plans; New Mexico; Interstate Transport...

Science.gov (United States)

2013-03-12

... Promulgation of Air Quality Implementation Plans; New Mexico; Interstate Transport of Fine Particulate Matter... (August 8, 2011, 76 FR 48208). The Transport Rule was intended to replace the earlier Clean Air Interstate..., 2005); and Transport Rule or Cross-State Air Pollution Rule, 76 FR 48208 (August 8, 2011). \\4\\ CAIR...

40 CFR 97.342 - CAIR NOX Ozone Season allowance allocations.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-07-01

... as follows: (A) If the unit is coal-fired during the year, the unit's control period heat input for... control period heat input, and a unit's status as coal-fired or oil-fired, for a calendar year under... baseline heat input (in mmBtu) used with respect to CAIR NOX Ozone Season allowance allocations under...

Operation and validation of the decision aid system 'CAIRE' in complex terrain

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

De Witt, H.; Nuesser, A.; Brenk, H.D.

1998-01-01

In cases of nuclear emergencies it is the primary task of emergency response forces and decision making authorities to act properly. Based on telemetric surveillance networks, an advanced automatic on-line decision support system named CAIRE (Computer Aided Response to Emergencies) has been developed and is in operation now at 4 sites as a real time emergency response tool. This tool is designed to provide decision makers with precise radiation exposure data for the population at risk. Depending on the individual layout of the connected telemetric networks, CAIRE is able to satisfy the following main requirements: automatic identification of the source location and of the source term, automatic diagnosis of the actual radiological situation and identification of the endangered area, projection of the radiological situation, delivery of all this information in the form computer graphics. (R.P.)

40 CFR 96.342 - CAIR NOX Ozone Season allowance allocations.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-07-01

... calculated as follows: (A) If the unit is coal-fired during the year, the unit's control period heat input... control period heat input, and a unit's status as coal-fired or oil-fired, for a calendar year under... allocations. (a)(1) The baseline heat input (in mmBtu) used with respect to CAIR NOX Ozone Season allowance...

PENGARUH CAMPURAN ASAM SEMUT DENGAN ASAP CAIR CANGKANG KELAPA SAWIT TERHADAP BAU DAN WAKTU KECEPATAN BEKU LATEKS KARET (Hevea brasiliensis Muell.Arg

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Diana Ulfah

2018-01-01

Full Text Available This research aims to find out the effect of formic acid mixture with palm oil shell smoke to rubber agglomeration in terms of odor and latex freezing rate, to know the optimum concentration of formic acid mixing with palm oil shell liquid, to optimize the use of liquid smoke of palm shell in order to minimize the use of formic acid and to compare the quick-frozen time of mixed coagulant ingredients using coconut shell liquid cocoa coagulant in latex clotting process. The research procedure is that the latex is inserted into some baking sheet and each of the pans is mixed with coagulant formic acid and palm oil shell liquid with the concentration of ants acid 2.5%, 5%, 7,5%, 10%, 12,5% 15%, 100% and liquid smoke concentration 70%, 755, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 100% 10 ml. The research parameters are the odor and level of latex freezing in rubber clotting process. The results show that mixing of formic acid coagulant material with liquid smoke of palm shell can accelerate the process of clotting latex (equivalent to acid ant, deodorizer that disturbs the society and time; and cost makes efficient and minimizes the use of formic acid. The optimum concentration of mixed coagulant material is 15% formic acid concentration + 70% palm oil shell liquid with average fast freeze time 5-6 minutes latex perliter or equivalent with coagulant material from formic acid. Keywords: formic acid; liquid smoke; palm shell; latex Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh campuran asam semut dengan asap cair cangkang kelapa sawit terhadap penggumpalan karet dari segi bau dan kecepatan beku lateks, mengetahui konsentrasi optimum pencampuran asam semut dengan asap cair cangkang kelapa sawit, mengoptimalkan penggunaan asap cair cangkang kelapa sawit sehingga meminimalkan penggunaan asam semut dan membandingkan waktu cepat beku penggunaan bahan koagulan campuran dengan bahan koagulan asap cair tempurung kelapa dalam proses penggumpalan lateks. Prosedur

Pengolahan Limbah Cair Rumah Sakit secara Sonochemical

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Laila Kusuma

2017-06-01

Full Text Available Hospital as a service provider has an important role in human life, especially for people who are experiencing physical and mental disorders. Various types of diseases and therapies performed in hospitals has made it as one of the producers of hazardous and infectious waste that requires special handling and processing so as not to pollute the water, soil, and air environment. Hospital wastewater treatment was conducted to determine the ability of sonochemical method to reduce level of Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD and determine the optimum conditions of the parameters used by the design of Response Surface Methodology Box-Behnken. The parameters that affected this process was the concentration of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2, pH, and reaction time. The Waste used was taken from the waste water treatment plant in Zainoel Abidin General Hospital in Banda Aceh with COD value 260.65 ppm. The optimum conditions of this treatment process occured at pH 2, H2O2 concentration 500 ppm, and reaction time 119.98 minutes with reduction of COD was 81.88%.ABSTRAKRumah sakit sebagai penyedia layanan jasa memegang peranan cukup penting dalam kehidupan manusia, terutama bagi orang-orang yang sedang mengalami gangguan fisik dan mental. Berbagai jenis penyakit dan terapi yang dilakukan di rumah sakit telah menjadikannya sebagai salah satu penghasil limbah berbahaya dan infeksius yang memerlukan penanganan dan pengolahan khusus agar tidak mencemari lingkungan yaitu air, tanah dan udara. Pengolahan limbah cair rumah sakit dilakukan untuk mengetahui kemampuan metode sonochemical dalam menurunkan kadar Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD dan menentukan kondisi optimum dari parameter yang digunakan berdasarkan disain Response Surface Methodology Box-Behnken. Parameter yang mempengaruhi proses ini adalah konsentrasi hidrogen peroksida (H2O2, pH, dan waktu reaksi. Limbah yang digunakan diambil dari instalasi pengolahan air limbah di Rumah Sakit Umum Zainoel Abidin Kota Banda Aceh

PENGARUH PEMASANGAN SIRDAM TERHADAP FREE SURFACE MUATAN CAIR PADA MODEL PALKA KAPAL PENGANGKUT IKAN HIDUP

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Yopi Novita

2016-05-01

Full Text Available Muatan cair merupakan salah satu jenis muatan yang ada di atas kapal.  Sebagaimana sifat muatan cair, apabila di bagian permukaannya tidak dibatasi, maka akan munculah permukaan bebas.  Pengaruh permukaan bebas bagi kapal adalah dapat mempengaruhi posisi titik berat yang pada akhirnya akan mengurangi kualitas stabilitas kapal. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis pengaruh pemasangan sirip peredam dalam mengurangi efek permukaan bebas di dalam model palka. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode eksperimental. Model palka yang telah dipasangi sirip peredam di sepanjang sisi dalamnya diisi dengan air laut dan kemudian digoyang-goyangkan sebagaimana gerakan rolling kapal terjadi. Selanjutnya, profil permukaan dan waktu redam permukaan bebas pada model kapal yang dilengkapi dan yang tidak dilengkapi dengan sirip peredam diamati dan dianalisis.  Dari hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa penggunaan sirip peredam mampu mengurangi efek free surface di dalam model palka. Liquid cargo in a ship is one kind of cargo that has free surface.  The effect of free surface on board might influence center of gravity position that cause lack of ship’s stability. The objective of the research is to analyze the effect of free surface damper constructed in the fish hold model. The research was carried out by experimental method. A fish hold model with and without free surface damper constructed in it was filled with sea water, then the profile and damping duration of free surface effect on fish hold model were observed and analyzed. The result show that the fish hold model with free surface damper is  able to decrese significantly of free surface effect on the fish hold model.

KOMPOSISI DAN AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI ASAP CAIR SABUT KELAPA YANG DIBUAT DENGAN TEKNIK PEMBAKARAN NON PIROLISIS Composition and Antibacterial Activity of Liquid Smoke of Coconut Fiber Made by NonPirolisis Combusting Technique

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Feti Fatimah

2012-05-01

Full Text Available Food preservation by liquid smoke was one of the food conservation techniques that was easy to be conducted.Nonetheless, it was difficult in reality for people to product liquid smoke because of the complicated process in making pirolisis tools. This study was conducted to learn how to make liquid smoke by non pirolisis technique using the basic material of coconut fiber. And then, it must be performed in the liquid smoke, the redistilation and the adsorption process using active carbon. The quality of liquid smoke was examined by observing the components using Gas chromatography-Mass Spectrophotometry (GC-MS and performing test of antibacterial activity to three kinds of bacterias: Salmonella choleraeaeus, Bacillus subtilus, and Staphylococcus aureus using technic of well in the PCA media of 108/ml in population. Based on the study results, it was found that the original liquid smoke (without redistilation and adsorption process using active carbon consisted at least of 21 components, redistilated liquid smoke consist at least of 31 components, and adsorpted liquid smoke using active carbon consisted at least of 5 components. From the result of test of antibacterial activity, it was found that the redistilated liquid smoke showed better bacterial activity than in the original liquid smoke, whereas the absorpted liquid smoke using active carbon had the smallest activity among them. It was because of the content of the 2-methoxiphenol compound in the redistilated liquid smoke was the highest among them. And based on this phenomena, it was found that redistilation technique could increase the quality of liquid smoke of coconut fiber made by non pirolisis combusting method. ABSTRAK Pengawetan menggunakan asap cair merupakan salah satu teknik pengawetan bahan pangan yang mudah diaplikasikan.Meskipun demikian, pada kenyataannya, masyarakat kesulitan memproduksi asap cair dikarenakan sulitnya membuat peralatan pirolisis. Penelitian ini dilakukan guna

Analisis Minat Beli Konsumen Sabun Cair Lux, Biore dan Lifebuoy di Kotamadya Yogyakarta Ditinjau dari Pengaruh Sikapnya Setelah Melihat Iklan di Televisi dan Norma Subyektif

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Albari Albari

2009-08-01

Full Text Available Salah satu program pemasaran yang intensitasnya semakin gencar dilakukan berupa periklanan merek di media televisi, termasuk pada sabun cuci cair. Kegiatan ini dimaksudkan untuk mempengaruhi minat konsumen untuk membeli, baik melalui sikap konsumen dan atau norma subyektif. Oleh karena itu penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan Reasoned Action Model yang dianggap representatif mampu mengungkap minat beli konsumen.Populasi penelitian adalah konsumen potensial yang sudah pernah melihat iklan sabun cair merek Lux, Biore dan Lifebuoy di televisi Data penelitian diperoleh melalui dua tahap penyebaran angket dan dilakukan secara convenience sampling dan area random sampling. Hipotesis diuji melalui pendekatan uji–beda Friedman, serta analisis regresi dan koefisien determinan yang dikuatkan dengan uji-t dan uji-F pada taraf signifikansi 5%.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 10 atribut produk sabun cair dan empat kelompok referen relevan dijadikan sebagai dasar analisis. Di samping itu ada perbedaan keyakinan konsumen bahwa membeli sabun cair merek Lux, Biore atau Lifebuoy menimbulkan akibat tertentu. Perbedaan juga terjadi pada keyakinan normatif kon¬sumen. Secara umum faktor evaluasi lebih dominan berpengaruh positif terhadap sikap konsumen dibandingkan dengan keyakinan konsumen. Pengaruh positif dari keyakinan normatif konsumen dan atau motivasi untuk mengi¬kuti referen terhadap norma subyektif menunjukkan hasil yang berbeda-beda, dan tidak ada pengaruh positif si¬kap dan norma subyektif terhadap minat konsumen untuk membeli sabun cair Lux, Biore atau Lifebuoy.Keyword: Sikap, norma subyektif, minat membeli

Aprovechamiento del cambio de fase en la construcción

OpenAIRE

Domínguez Alonso, Manuel

2011-01-01

Nociones de transmisión de calor y de masa. Desfase y amortiguamiento. Los materiales de cambio de fase. Los materiales de cambio de fase en la construcción. Los materiales de cambio de fase en la climatización.

PENGOLAHAN LIMBAH CAIR INDUSTRI FARMASI FORMULASI DENGAN METODE ANAEROB-AEROB DAN ANAEROB-KOAGULASI

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Farida Crisnaningtyas

2016-05-01

Full Text Available Studi ini membahas mengenai pengolahan limbah cair industri farmasi dalam skala laboratorium dengan menggunakan konsep anaerob-kimia-fisika dan anaerob-aerob. Proses anaerob dilakukan dengan menggunakan reaktor Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Bed reactor (UASBr pada kisaran OLR (Organic Loading Rate 0,5 – 2 kg COD/m3hari, yang didahului dengan proses aklimatisasi menggunakan substrat gula. Proses anaerob mampu memberikan efisiensi penurunan COD hingga 74%. Keluaran dari proses anaerob diolah lebih lanjut dengan menggunakan dua opsi proses: (1 fisika-kimia, dan (2 aerob. Koagulan alumunium sulfat dan flokulan kationik memberikan efisiensi penurunan COD tertinggi (73% pada kecepatan putaran masing-masing 100 rpm dan 40 rpm. Uji coba aerob dilakukan pada kisaran MLSS antara 4000-5000 mg/L dan mampu memberikan efisiensi penurunan COD hingga 97%. Hasil uji coba menunjukkan bahwa efisiensi penurunan COD total yang dapat dicapai dengan menggunakan teknologi anaerob-aerob adalah 97%, sedangkan kombinasi anaerob-koagulasi-flokulasi hanya mampu menurunkan COD total sebesar 72,53%. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut, kombinasi proses anaerob-aerob merupakan teknologi yang potensial untuk diaplikasikan dalam sistem pengolahan limbah cair industri farmasi. 

PENERAPAN ELEKTROOSMOSIS UNTUK PENGERINGAN SLUDGE DARI PENGOLAHAN LIMBAH CAIR

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Darmawan Darmawan

2013-11-01

Full Text Available APPLICATION OF ELECTROOSMOSIS FOR DEWATERING OF SLUDGE FROM WASTE WATER TREATMENT. Wastewater treatment produces semi-solid residue (sludge that must be handled carefully during dumping and discharge to avoid polluting the environment. A low cost and easy treatment of dewatering is needed. This research aimed to apply electroosmosis technique for dewatering sludge in order to seek for parameters that can efficiently reduce water content of sludge, including range of voltage, type of electrodes, and distance between electrodes; and to determine the effect of electroosmosis processes on changes of chemical characteristics of sludge. The results showed that: (1 electroosmosis dewatering occurred on the sludge taken from waste water treatment of landfill but not on sludge from water purification plant (PDAM, (2 direct current voltage of 30 volts was the optimum voltage, (3 copper rod cathode provided electroosmosis process as good as stainless steel cathode and both were better than the woven stainless steel cathode, (4 the dewatering time to reduce 1200% (w/w water content to about 400% was about 40 hours for sludge of 2500 cm3 in volume (laboratory bench scale, (5 the anode need to reinserted gradually approaching the cathode due to current lost when the water content at the anode point reached 400% and sludge at the point shrink, and (6 some chemical elements in the sludge decreased significantly after treatment. Pengolahan limbah cair menghasilkan residu berupa bahan semi padat yang dikenal sebagai sludge. Sludge tersebut juga perlu dikelola penyimpanan dan pembuangannya agar tidak mencemari lingkungan. Salah satu pengelolaan sludge yang perlu dilakukan adalah pengeringan (dewatering. Salahsatu teknik dewatering yang mungkin diterapkan ialah teknik elektroosmosis, yaitu teknik yang memanfaatkan adanya pergerakan air pada media poros di dalam medan istrik searah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mencari parameter sistem dewatering secara

Concentration and stable carbon isotopic composition of CO2 in cave air of Postojnska jama, Slovenia

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Magda Mandic

2013-09-01

Full Text Available Partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2 and its isotopic composition (δ13CairCO2 were measured in Postojnska jama, Slovenia, at 10 locations inside the cave and outside the cave during a one-year period. At all interior locations the pCO2 was higher and δ13CairCO2 lower than in the outside atmosphere. Strong seasonal fluctuations in both parameters were observed at locations deeper in the cave, which are isolated from the cave air circulation. By using a binary mixing model of two sources of CO2, one of them being the atmospheric CO2, we show that the excess of CO2 in the cave air has a δ13C value of -23.3 ± 0.7 ‰, in reasonable agreement with the previously measured soil-CO2 δ13C values. The stable isotope data suggest that soil CO2 is brought to the cave by drip water.

REDUKSI AKTIVITAS URANIUM DALAM LIMBAH RADIOAKTIF CAIR MENGGUNAKAN PROSES ELEKTROKOAGULASI

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Prayitno Prayitno

2017-01-01

Full Text Available ABSTRAK REDUKSI AKTIVITAS URANIUM DALAM LIMBAH RADIOAKTIF CAIR MENGGUNAKAN PROSES ELEKTROKOAGULASI. Limbah yang dihasilkan dari proses pengembangan bahan industri bersifat radioaktif yang mengandung uranium yang dapat menimbulkan dampak negatif pada manusia dan lingkungan. Pengolahan limbah radioaktif pada saat ini masih banyak menggunakan bahan-bahan kimia.Penambahanbahan kimiauntuk mereduksi bahan pencemar dinilai kurang efisien karena kurang ramah lingkungan, memerlukan waktu yang lama, dan biaya yang mahal. Untuk itu akan diterapkan metode proses elektrokoagulasi untuk menurunkan aktivitas uranium dari larutan limbah cair. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui efisiensi penurunan aktivitas uranium dalam limbah radioaktif cair yang dihasilkan pada proses elektrokoagulasi dengan variasi tegangan, waktu tinggal, jarak elektroda dan pH inlet limbah. Limbah simulasi yang digunakan memiliki kadar kontaminan uranium sebesar 500 mg/L. Percobaan ini dilakukan dengan metode batch dengan elektroda aluminium. Hasil penelitian diperoleh parameter optimal pada tegangan 12,50 V, jarak 1 cm, pH 7, dan waktu proses selama 60 menit diperoleh efisiensi penurunan limbah uranium sebesar 97,20 %. Kata Kunci:elektrokoagulasi, reduksi limbah uranium, tegangan, aluminium. ABSTRACT REDUCTION OF URANIUM ACTIVITIES IN LIQUID WASTE RADIOACTIVE BY USING OF ELCTROCOAGULATION PROCESS.  Waste generated from the process of the industrial material development one of which waste containing uranium radioactive, can have negative impact on humans and the environment. In  the present time, chemicals are still mostly use in radioactive waste treatment. To reduce pollutants with the use of chemicals is less efficient, because less environmentally friendly, take long time and costly. Therefore, a system of electrocoagulation process will be applied to decrease the activity of uranium from waste solution. The purpose of this study is to determine the efficiency of uranium

Resultados de la fase de engorde en invernaderos

OpenAIRE

Sonnenholzner, Stanislaus

2002-01-01

Resultados de la fase de engorde en invernaderos Continuando con la serie de experimentos que se están desarrollando en la estación experimental Pesglasa para evaluar el efecto del tratamiento térmico en la supervivencia del camarón, se realizó la fase de engorde en invernaderos.

77 FR 31240 - Approval and Promulgation of Air Quality Implementation Plans; State of Florida; Regional Haze...

Science.gov (United States)

2012-05-25

... CAIR to address BART requirements related to both nitrogen oxides (NOx) and sulfur dioxide (SO 2..., memorandum from William L. Wehrum, Acting Assistant Administrator for Air and Radiation, to EPA Regional... generating plant with a total generating capacity in excess of 750 megawatts (MW), a state must use the...

Analysis of NOx Budget Trading Program Units Brought into the CAIR NOx Ozone Season Trading Program

Science.gov (United States)

EPA analyzed the effect of having the large non-EGU units in the NBP and the CAIR NOX ozone season trading program and evaluated whether or not emissions from this group of units were reduced as a result of their inclusion in those trading programs.

High-pressure synthesis and structural, physical properties of CaIr1-xPtxO3 and CaIr1-xRhxO3

Science.gov (United States)

Hirai, S.; Bromiley, G. D.; Klemme, S.; Irifune, T.; Ohfuji, H.; Attfield, P.; Nishiyama, N.

2010-12-01

in terms of materials science applications. To our knowledge, this will be the first report on structural, magnetic and charge-transport properties of B-site substituted solid solutions of post-perovskite oxides with 4d/5d transition metals. High-quality polycrystalline samples of CaIr1-xPtxO3 and CaIr1-xRhxO3 have been obtained at high pressures, and structural, magnetic and charge-transport properties of the compounds will be reported. ODF analysis reveals that solutions of CaIrO3, CaPtO3 and CaRhO3 exhibit similar grain growth features to the mother compound, although growth in [0 1 0] plays a more dominant role than the growth in [0 0 1] for the solid solutions. CaIrO3 is a characteristic hard magnet suitable for applications such as magnetic recording, with TN = 108K. A new phase of CaIr1-xPtxO3 synthesized at a high P/T condition has Raman modes which resemble those of CaIrO3 perovskite, suggesting this phase has a perovskite structure.The instability of the perovskite phase of CaIr1-xPtxO3 reveals why the post-perovskite to peovskite phase transition has not been observed for CaPtO3 unlike the case for CaIrO3, CaRhO3 and CaRuO3.

PENGOLAHAN LIMBAH CAIR INDUSTRI FARMASI FORMULASI DENGAN METODE ANAEROB-AEROB DAN ANAEROB-KOAGULASI

OpenAIRE

Farida Crisnaningtyas; Hanny Vistanty

2016-01-01

Studi ini membahas mengenai pengolahan limbah cair industri farmasi dalam skala laboratorium dengan menggunakan konsep anaerob-kimia-fisika dan anaerob-aerob. Proses anaerob dilakukan dengan menggunakan reaktor Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Bed reactor (UASBr) pada kisaran OLR (Organic Loading Rate) 0,5 – 2 kg COD/m3hari, yang didahului dengan proses aklimatisasi menggunakan substrat gula. Proses anaerob mampu memberikan efisiensi penurunan COD hingga 74%. Keluaran dari proses anaerob diolah lebih ...

FASCODE for the environment (FASE)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Snell, H.E.; Moncet, J.L. [Atmospheric and Environmental Research, Inc., Cambridge, MA (United States); Anderson, G.P.; Chetwynd, J.H. [Phillips Lab., Hanscom AFM, MD (United States)] [and others

1996-04-01

The Optical Physics Division of the Phillips Laboratory, with support from the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Program, is developing a state-of-the-art line-by-line atmospheric radiative transfer model as the successor to FASCODE. The goal of this project is to create a computationally efficient model which contains the most up-to-date atmospheric physics. The new model, known as FASCODE for the Environment, or {open_quotes}FASE{close_quotes}, will combine the best features of FASCODE and LBLRTM, the DOE`s standard radiative transfer model. FASE will also contain new features such as new cross-sections for heavy molecules, and improved solar irradiance model, and improvements to the Schumann-Runge bands and continuum. The code will be optimized for vectorized and/or parallel processing. put under configuration control for easy maintenance, and structured into separate modules for each function: atmospheric profiles, layer optical properties, radiative transfer, multiple-scattering, etc. This modular structure will allow for increased flexibility and easy customization of the code for specialized applications, such as a forward model for iterative inversion algorithms. Ease-of-use will be enhanced with improved input control structures and documentation to accommodate the needs of novice and advanced users. This paper addresses changes which have been made to FASCODE and LBLRTM to create FASE, and gives an overview of the modular structure and its capabilities.

Estudio de separación de fases en sistemas líquido-líquido usando LIX 984N en fase orgánica

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Castillo-Segura, J.

2012-04-01

Full Text Available In this work we studied the sedimentation and coalescence phenomena in liquid-liquid dispersion without chemical reaction, the aqueous electrolyte consisted of 0.25 M sodium sulfate and an organic phase characteristic organic extractant for copper (LIX 984N diluted in a commercial solvent (Shellsol 24 AR. The phenomena that dominate the phase separation have been studied by several researchers, which proposed a number of models to predict sedimentation and coalescence profiles. In this work we applied a semi-empirical model to describe the phenomena involved, varying the following experimental conditions: percentage of extractant in organic phase (5 - 30 % v / v, continuous phase (aqueous and organic, time and stirring speed (30 - 1800 s and 400 - 1200 rpm respectively. The main results show that from the 800 rpm of agitation this variable has no influence on primary breakup time, in the same way for 180 seconds of stirring produces the same effect. The fraction of dispersed phase in the packing zone found was 0.74. For higher levels of percentage of extractant in organic phase increased the phase separation time as when the organic phase was used as the continuous phase relative to the aqueous phase. We found a partial adjustment of the experimental data in relation to the simulated values , which is attributable to two factors: the initial inertia of the system once the agitation stopped and the existence of different times of inflection points of the curves of sedimentation and coalescence. In the different articles found in literature assume that the above phenomena occur simultaneously.

En este trabajo se estudiaron los fenómenos de sedimentación y coalescencia en una dispersión líquido-líquido sin reacción química, la fase acuosa consistió en electrolito de sulfato de sodio 0,25 M y una fase orgánica de extractante característico para el cobre (LIX 984N diluido en un solvente comercial (shellsol 24 AR. Los fenómenos que

Bibliothécaires, documentalistes, tous entrepreneurs ?

CERN Document Server

Vaissaire-Agard, Clotilde

2018-01-01

Bibliothécaires et documentalistes sont-ils des entrepreneurs qui s'ignorent ? Certes, les attributs classiques de l'entrepreneur - capacités stratégiques, d'innovation, d'investissement personnel, de persévérance... - sont généralement réservés aux chefs d'entreprises ; mais ne trouve-t-on pas des qualités comparables chez les professionnels des bibliothèques et de la documentation ? Si certains d'entre-eux ont franchi le pas en s'installant à leur compte, d'autres exercent leurs activités à l'intérieur même de leur institution en s'appuyant sur des valeurs que l'on retrouve en partie dans l'économie sociale et solidaire... Ne faut-il pas leur associer de plein droit des qualités d'entrepreneur ou mieux, d'intrapreneur ? Entrepreneur, entrepreneur social, intrapreneur, etc. c'est à travers le prisme de ces différents statuts et à partir des témoignages de nombreux professionnels que les auteurs de cet ouvrage abordent les évolutions des métiers de l'info-doc où le souci de l'innovati...

PEMANFAATAN LIMBAH CAIR GARAM BAHAN BAKU 30˚ Be UNTUK PENGASINAN IKAN GABUS RENDAH NACl DAN MENGANDUNG Mg

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Nilawati Nilawati

2014-12-01

Full Text Available Pengasinan merupakan metode pengawetan yang sudah lama dengan menggunakan garam krosok namun pengasinan dengan  limbah cair garam 30˚ Be belum banyak dilakukan. Keuntungan dengan metode ini akan menghasilkan produk ikan asin yang rendah NaCl dan tinggi kandungan Mg. Penelitian ini menggunakan 1 variabel yaitu konsentrasi limbah cair garam 30˚ Be  yaitu B0 (0 persen- kontrol, B10 (10 persen. B20 (20 persen, B30 (30 persen,  B40(40 persen, B50 (50 persen  dan kontrol  B100 (100 persen  serta kontrol pembanding penggaraman kering dengan garam bahan baku G100 (100 persen atau dikenal garam krosok. Hasil penelitian diperoleh kandungan NaCl murni pada pemakaian larutan 30˚ Be sebanyak 10 persen  sebesar 6,952 persen. Dan pada konsentrasi limbah cair garam 30˚ Be dengan konsentrasi   50 persen diperoleh kndungan NaCl murni sebesar 15,478 persen, namun untuk kontrol yang menggunakan garam krosok maka NaCl nya paling tinggi, sedangkan kontrol dengan 100 persen larutan 30˚ Be kandungan NaCl murninya sampai 25,134 persen, yang menggunakan garam bahan baku  kandungan NaCl sebesar 43,864 persen.  Perlakuan yang terbaik diperoleh pada pemakaian larutan garam 30˚ Be pada konsentrasi 40 persen. Kandungan Magnesium pada     penelitian ini berkisar antara 0,387 Sampai  3,444  persen.  Perlakuan mulai konsentrasi 30 persen keatas   penampakan ikan asin putih kecoklatan , empuk, bersih, namun kalau dibawah 30 persen penampakannya kecoklatan muda, daging liat agak keras namun NaCl nya rendah

PERILAKU DAN PERSEPSI MASYARAKAT TERHADAP PROGRAM PENGELOLAAN LIMBAH CAIR DOMESTIK DENGAN SISTEM SANITASI TERPUSAT DI KECAMATAN GUBENG SURABAYA

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Sukriyah Kustanti

2008-06-01

Full Text Available Pertambahan jumlah penduduk berpengaruh pada peningkatan jumlah limbah domestik yang dihasilkan, sehingga membawa dampak terjadinya pencemaran lingkungan alam. Salah satu wadah penampung limbah domestik adalah saluran-saluran drainase. Seringkali pula berfungsi sebagai tempat buangan limbah dari kegiatan dapur dan kamar mandi beserta tinjanya. Saluran Kalidami adalah salah satu saluran hulu yang berasal dari 3 buah anak saluran yakni saluran Pucang Anom Timur, Saluran Pucang Adi, dan Saluran Kertajaya, yang semuanya itu bermuara di Saluran Kalidami. Kualitas Saluran Kalidami terkait dengan ditetapkannya Peraturan Daerah Kota Surabaya Nomor : 02 tahun 2004, tentang Pengolahan Kualitas air dan Pengendalian Pencemaran Air sebagai badan air dengan klasifikasi kelas III. Salah satu poko permasalahan dalam melihat pengelolaan saluran-saluran tersebut adalah peran serta masyarakat, yang dalam hal ini merupakan kajian dalam penelitian ini. Peran serta masyarakat terkait dengan bagaimana sikap dan perilaku masyarakat tersebut terhadap obyeknya. Studi kasus dalam penelitian ini adalah untuk melihat sejauh mana peran serta masyarakat di sepanjang anak Saluran Kalidami terhadap pengelolaan limbah cair domestik di sepanjang saluran drainase tersebut. Tujuan penelitian untuk melihat peran serta masyarakat di sepanjang saluran tersebut. Penelitian bersifat deskriptif, dengan teknik penarikan sampling random /acak terhadap sampel penelitian. Metode pengumpulan data adalah observasi dan survei lapangan, serta wawancara terbuka maupun wawancara dengan kuesioner. Hasil Penelitian menunjukkan tinkat pemahaman responden positif, demikian pula untuk sikap masyarakatnya. Namun tidak berhubungan dan berkontribusi terhadap perilaku dan peranserta masyarakat. Sehingga disimpulkan bahwa aspek ekonomi tidak berkaitan dengan faktor peranserta masyarakat, namun lebih pada aspek nilai budaya masyarakat

Efek Pemordanan terhadap Pewarnaan Menggunakan Kombinasi Limbah Cair Gambir dan Ekstrak Kayu Secang pada Kain Rayon dan Katun

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F Failisnur

2017-12-01

Full Text Available Combination of gambier liquid waste and secang wood (Caesalpinea sappan L. can add color variations of fabric dyed with natural dyes. This research explained the effect of dyeing combination of gambir liquid waste and secang wood with different mordant method and type on the color shade and other characteristics of rayon and cotton dyed fabric. The mordant process was performed as much as 1 and 2 times using CaO, Al(2SO43, FeSO4 mordant and then compared without mordant treatment. The result of the dyed fabrics was evaluated the color shade, color strength (K/S, and fastness properties. The results showed that the color shade of rayon and cotton fabrics were varied. Rayon fibers had a greater affinity and absorption to the liquids waste of gambier and secang wood than in cellulose fibers. The mordant process could increase color strength (K/S and color fastness to washing, acidic perspiration, rubbing, and light.ABSTRAKKombinasi limbah cair gambir dan kayu secang (Caesalpinea sappan L. dapat menambah variasi warna kain yang dicelup dengan pewarna alami. Penelitian ini menjelaskan tentang efek pewarnaan kombinasi limbah cair gambir dan kayu secang dengan metoda dan  jenis mordan yang berbeda terhadap arah warna dan karakteristik lainnnya dari kain rayon dan katun hasil celupan. Proses mordan yang digunakan adalah 1 kali dan 2 kali mordan menggunakan CaO, Al(2SO43, FeSO4 yang dibandingkan dengan tanpa mordan. Kain hasil pewarnaan dievaluasi arah warna, intensitas warna (K/S, dan ketahanan luntur warna. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan arah warna kain rayon dan katun yang lebih bervariasi. Serat rayon memiliki afinitas dan penyerapan yang lebih besar terhadap zat warna limbah cair gambir dan kayu secang dibandingkan dengan serat selulosa.  Proses mordan dapat meningkatkan intensitas warna (K/S dan ketahanan luntur warna terhadap pencucian, keringat asam, gosokan, dan sinar.

PROFIL PROTEIN HIPOFISA SAPI PERAH PERANAKAN FRIES HOLLAND (PFH BETINA FASE FOLIKULER DAN LUTEA

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Nurul Isnaini

2012-04-01

Full Text Available ABSTRAK   Penelitian dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui profil protein hipofisa sapi perah PFH betina fase folikuler dan fase luteal dengan menggunakan metode SDS-PAGE. Hasil penelitian ini diharapkan dapat digunakan sebagai acuan untuk melaksanakan pengujian jenis protein tertentu yang terdapat dalam hipofisa sapi perah PFH.Materi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah hipofisa sapi perah PFH betina Fase Folikuler dan Fase Luteal. Sampel hipofisa didapatkan dari Rumah Potong Hewan (RPH Singosari Malang. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode observasi. Dimana sampel hipofisa sapi perah PFH fase folikuler dan fase luteal dilakukan isolasi protein, dan ditentukan Berat Molekul (BM proteinnya. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan menggunakan analisis diskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa profil protein hipofisa fase folikuler dan fase luteal sapi perah PFH memiliki perbedaan. Pada hipofisa fase folikuler memiliki 12 pita protein, yaitu 163; 112,3; 101,3; 85,8; 80,6; 71,2; 53,3; 45,2; 39,9; 32,4; 29,8; dan 24,8 kDa. Pada hipofisa fase luteal memiliki 12 pita protein, yaitu 163; 112,3; 101,3; 85,8; 71,2; 60,3; 53,3; 45,2; 39,9; 32,4; 29,8; dan 24,8 kDa. Pita protein yang membedakan adalah pita dengan berat molekul 80,6 kDa hanya terdapat pada hipofisa fase folikuler, dan pita dengan berat molekul 60,3 kDa hanya terdapat pada hipofisa fase luteal. Kesimpulan yang diperoleh dari penelitian ini adalah terdapat perbedaan profil protein yang dihasilkan pada hipofisa fase folikuler dengan hipofisa fase luteal. Saran yang diberikan adalah perlu dilakukan penelitian lanjutan yaitu uji immunoblothing atau westernblothing (WB untuk memastikan keberadaan  protein-protein tertentu.   Kata kunci: Hipofisa, folikuler, luteal, berat molekul protein. HIPOPHISIS PROTEIN PROFILE OF CROSSBREED FRIESH HOLLAND DAIRY CATTLE IN FOLLICULAR AND LUTEAL PHASE   ABSTRACT   The aim of this research was to identification of

Termodinámica y diagramas de fase.

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ANDRÉS FELIPE AGUDELO SANTAMARÍA

2005-01-01

Full Text Available Los diagramas de fase son la representación del equilibrio termodinámico de un sistema y permiten predecir las fases presentes y sus proporciones para unas condiciones determinadas. En este trabajo se plantea su fundamento termodinámico y se usa el modelo de solución ideal para obtener los diagramas de equilibrio líquido-sólido de algunos sistemas binarios, utilizando datos termodinámicos existentes en la literatura. Este modelo, aunque simple, permite una buena aproximación a algunos sistemas, y en general es una herramienta útil cuando se carece de datos experimentales. Aunque los diagramas de equilibrio son de gran utilidad en la práctica ingenieril, en la práctica pocos sistemas exhiben comportamiento ideal, ya que esto requiere mucha semejanza entre los componentes.

Uji Daya Hambat Sabun Cair Cuci Tangan pada Restoran Waralaba di Kota Padang Terhadap Pertumbuhan Bakteri Escherichia coli dan Staphylococcus aureus Secara In Vitro

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Anisha Fazlisia

2014-09-01

Full Text Available AbstrakSabun cair cuci tangan terbukti dapat menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri Escherichia coli dan Staphylococcus aureus. Sebagian besar restoran waralaba di Kota Padang menyediakan sabun cair cuci tangan yang telah diencerkan. Proses pengenceran mengubah kemampuan sabun dalam menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri. Penelitian bertujuan untuk menguji daya hambat sabun cair cuci tangan pada restoran waralaba di Kota Padang terhadap pertumbuhan E. coli dan S. aureus. Sampel diambil dari empat restoran waralaba dan diuji dengan metode difusi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa keempat sabun dapat menghambat pertumbuhan S. aureus namun hanya sebagian yang memiliki daya hambat terhadap E. coli. Median daya hambat pertumbuhan E. coli dan S. aureus pada setiap periode yaitu 0, 7.4, 7.3 dan 0, 26.1, 23.3. Nilai maksimum daya hambat pertumbuhan E.coli dalam tiga periode yaitu 19.5, 35.4, 27.1 dan 20.7, 40.2, 36.6 untukS. aureus. Daya hambat minimum terhadap kedua bakteri adalah 0.00. Hal tersebut dapat dipengaruhi komposisi dan konsentrasi antiseptik, antibakteri, pH sabun, pengenceran dan struktur dinding sel bakteri. Disimpulkan bahwa sabun cair cuci tangan yang diuji memiliki kemampuan lebih besar dalam menghambat pertumbuhan S.aureus daripada E.coli.Kata kunci: sabun cair cuci tangan, restoran, pengenceran, uji daya hambat, pertumbuhan bakteriAbstractLiquid hand soaps proved to inhibit Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus bacterial growth. In Padang, most of Restaurants provide diluted liquid hand soaps. Research found dilution changed soap ability to inhibit bacterial growth. The purpose of this study was to examine the ability of Padang City Restaurants’ liquid hand soaps to inhibit E. coli and S. aureus bacterial growth. The samples were taken from four restaurants and examined by using diffusion method. The results showed all of them could inhibit S. aureus but only a half inhibited Escherichia coli bacterial growth. Median for E. coli and S

40 CFR Appendix A to Subpart IIIi... - States With Approved State Implementation Plan Revisions Concerning CAIR NOX Ozone Season Opt-in...

Science.gov (United States)

2010-07-01

... allocation of CAIR NOX Ozone Season allowances to such units under § 97.388(b): Indiana Michigan North Carolina Ohio South Carolina Tennessee 2. The following States have State Implementation Plan revisions... Ozone Season allowances to such units under § 97.388(c): Indiana Michigan North Carolina Ohio South...

Utilization Of Seeds Durian (Durio Zibethinus Murr) Powder AS Biopolymer Additional Materials Of Coagulant Alum To Improve The Total Solids Removal Suspended (Tss) And Cod Using Leachate Coagulation-flocculation (Studi Kasus: Tpa Jatibarang, Kota Semaran

OpenAIRE

Alfa Christianty, Dina; Zaman, Badrus; Purwono, Purwono

2017-01-01

TPA Jatibarang menjadi salah satu sumber limbah cair di Semarang di mana lokasinya dekat dengan pemukiman penduduk. Limbah cair yang dihasilkan dari Tempat Pemrosesan Akhir (TPA) sampah berupa air yang dihasilkan dari timbunan sampah yang disebut air lindi (leachate). Lindi TPA Jatibarang umumnya memiliki kandungan senyawa organik yang tinggi dan keberadaannya yang melebihi baku mutu dapat mencemari lingkungan sekitar apabila tidak dilakukan pengolahan terlebih dahulu. Pengolahan lindi mengg...

REFORMA TRIBUTARIA EN FASES

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Ricardo Chávez

2016-01-01

Full Text Available En este artículo el principal objetivo es analizar tanto cualitativa como cuantitati- vamente el impacto del momento de una reforma tributaria, es decir, el aumento progresivo y avisado (en fases de los impuestos en contraposición con una reforma de una sola vez. Los resultados indican que una reforma en fase debiera producir dos efectos: un efecto sustitución que impulsa a las empresas a adelantar inversión y con ello debiera aumentar el Producto Interno Bruto ( PIB y la inflación. La reacción del banco central debiera ser subir la tasa de interés. El otro efecto es negativo y consiste en un efecto riqueza que reduce el precio de las acciones y aumenta el tipo de cambio, Tomando como ejemplo el caso de Chile, que realizó una reforma en base recientemente (2014: se tiene que un aumento de 1% de los impuestos debería producir, producto de la distorsión intertemporal, un aumento de 0.17% en el PIB dentro del primer año del anuncio. No obstante, pueden existir otros elementos de naturaleza muy heterogénea que pueden influenciar negativamente la implemen- tación de la reforma y, por tanto, cancelar por completo este efecto de sustitución intertemporal. Entre estos elementos negativos se tiene la falta de claridad de la re- forma por parte del gobierno, al grado de virulencia de las discusiones en el Congre- so y su influencia en las expectativas de los empresarios, la falta de credibilidad, por ejemplo, la incertidumbre de nuevas alzas de impuestos, etcétera.

ANSIEDAD–ESTADO A LO LARGO DE LAS FASES DE COMPETENCIA DEPORTIVA

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Jaime Alberto Arenas Granada

2014-11-01

Full Text Available Con el objetivo de conocer el comportamiento de la ansiedad–estado en tres fases de competencia deportiva (clasificatoria, semifinal y final e identificar diferencias entre el género, delegaciones y experiencia deportiva, fue empleada la escala de ansiedad–estado del Inventario de Ansiedad Estado y Rasgo (IDARE/STAI, para lo cual se obtuvo un total de 173 datos (clasificatoria, n= 98; semifinal, n=43; final n= 32 en una muestra intencional de hombres y mujeres voleibolistas representantes de seis instituciones universitarias. Estudio empírico cuantitativo, de alcance longitudinal y análisis estadístico no paramétrico. Los resultados permitieron establecer la correlación positiva y significativa entre las fases de competencia y los niveles de ansiedad–estado, se observaron diferencias significativas en el género, en función al promedio general y la fase clasificatoria; con mayores puntajes de ansiedad–estado por parte de las mujeres. Los promedios de las fases no establecieron diferencias estadísticamente significativas, como tampoco se observó en las delegaciones, ni en la experiencia deportiva. Sin embargo, se destaca la importancia de la experiencia deportiva como variable a considerar en las demandas de la competencia deportiva. Los resultados son discutidos y direccionados a la instauración de programas de entrenamiento psicológico, así como el desarrollo de nuevos trabajos en esta línea.

Plantas indicadoras de clomazone na fase vapor

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Fábio Schreiber

2013-10-01

Full Text Available A volatilização representa um processo importante no deslocamento de agrotóxicos para o ambiente. As características físico-químicas da molécula do clomazone indicam que este possui potencial de volatilização. Em vista do exposto, para a realização deste estudo, foram conduzidos dois experimentos com o objetivo de avaliar a suscetibilidade das espécies: pepino, melão, milho, sorgo e arroz a diferentes formulações do herbicida clomazone na fase vapor. Para isso, foram utilizadas caixas de vidro hermeticamente fechadas, com a presença de diferentes formulações de clomazone e as espécies vegetais. As formulações utilizadas foram Gamit 360 CS®, Gamit 500 EC® e Gamit Star®. Com os resultados obtidos, foi possível concluir que, dentre as espécies avaliadas, independente da formulação utilizada, a de menor tolerância ao herbicida clomazone na fase vapor foi o sorgo, seguido do milho e do arroz.

40 CFR Appendix A to Subpart II of... - States With Approved State Implementation Plan Revisions Concerning CAIR NOX Opt-In Units

Science.gov (United States)

2010-07-01

... under § 97.188(b): Indiana Michigan North Carolina Ohio South Carolina Tennessee 2. The following States... allocation of CAIR NOX allowances to such units under § 97.188(c): Indiana Michigan Ohio North Carolina South Carolina Tennessee [65 FR 2727, Jan. 18, 2000, as amended at 72 FR 46394, Aug. 20, 2007; 72 FR 56920, Oct...

Una técnica para obtener la fase icosahédrica en peliculas delgadas multicapas de AICr

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D. Chaverri

2016-03-01

Full Text Available Se describe el procedimiento empleado para producir películas delgadas de multicapas de AlCr con fase icosahédrica utilizando un sistema de alto vacío con cañón de electrones. Las muestras con fase icosahédrica experimentan reconocimiento in situ al condensar las capas sobre sustratos calientes (aproximadamente360°C. Para identificarla fase icosahédrica se utiliza microscopía electrónica de transmisión en el modo de difracción. Se comparan las muestras con fase con otras formadas simultáneamente sobre sustratos a aproximadamente 100°C.

30 PENGGUNAAN KARBON AKTIF DARI SAMPAH PLASTIK UNTUK MENURUNKAN KANDUNGAN PHOSPHAT PADA LIMBAH CAI R (Studi Kasus: Limbah Cair Industri Laundry di Temb alang, Semarang

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Irawan Wisnu Wardhana

2013-03-01

Full Text Available Meningkatnya jumlah industri laundry akan mengakibatkan meningkatnya penggunaan deterjen. Zat yang dominan terkandung dalam deterjen adalah natrium tripolyphosphat yang berfungsi sebagai builder dan surfaktan, sehingga limbahnyapun mengandung phosphat. Hampir semua industri laundry membuang limbahnya tanpa melalui pengolahan terlebih dahulu, hal tersebut akan menyebabkan eutrofikasi dimana badan air menjadi kaya akan nutrien terlarut, menurunnya kandungan oksigen terlarut dan kemampuan daya dukung badan air terhad ap biota air. Menurut hasi uji pendahuluan, limbah cair industri tersebut mengandung kadar phos phat sebesar 10,21 mg/l. Kadar tersebut melebihi baku mutu Perda Prop. Jateng No 10 tahun 2004, dimana kadar maksimum untuk phosphat total adalah 2 mg/l. Salah satu cara pengolahan limbah adalah dengan proses adsorpsi menggunakan karbon aktif dari sampah plastik jenis polyethylene. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kemamapuan karbon aktif dari sampah plas tik dalam menurunkan kandungan phosphat dengan percobaan batch dan kontinyu. Percobaan batch menggunakan variasi berat karbon aktif dari sampah plastik 1,2, dan 3 gram untuk masing-masimg variasi ukuran media 30-60 mesh dan 100-200 mesh. Percobaan batch mempunyai efisiensi penurunan phosphat tertinggi pada berat 3 gram (100-200mesh sebesar 45,45%. Sedangkan percobaan kontinyu dilakukan pada kolom berdiameter 1 inchi dengan variasi debit 50 ml/menit dan 100 ml/menit. Percobaan kontinyu mempunyai efisiensi penurunan phosphat terbesar pada debit 50 ml/menit sebesar 54,75%. Nilai konstanta kecepatan (k1 0,0108 ml/mg.dtk dengan kapasitas serap (qo 0,677 mg/g.

Efektivitas Pengolahan Air Limbah Batik dengan Cara Kimia dan Biologi

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Istihanah Nurul Eskani

2016-04-01

Full Text Available Kebanyakan industri batik membuang air limbah ke lingkungan tanpa diolah terlebih dahulu dengan alasan keterbatasan tempat, dana dan penguasaan teknologi. Beberapa cara pengolahan air limbah telah dilakukan untuk mengatasi penurunan mutunlingkungan akibat pembuangan air limbah.Telah dilakukan penelitian proses pengolahan air limbah batik secara kimia, biologi aerob dan biologi anaerob. Proses kimia dilaksanakan dengan menambahkan koagulan tawas dan kapur ke dalam air limbah batik. Proses biologi aerob dijalankan dalam reaktor terbuka selama 5 hari, sedang proses biologi anaerob  dijalankan dalam reaktor tertutup selama 12 hari. Hasil proses kemudian diukur parameter warna, COD dan alkalinitasnya.Hasil penelitian pengolahan air limbah batik secara kimia dapat menurunkan parameter warna yang berasal dari zat warna Naphtol sebesar 83,15 %, COD sebesar 28,82% dan pH hasil proses 7. Proses biologi anaerob menurunkan parameter warna sebesar 94,95%, COD sebesar 59,89% dan pH hasil proses 5. Proses biologi aerob dapat menurunkan parameter warna yang berasal dari zat warna Naphtol sebesar 97,82%, COD sebesar 72, 88% dan pH hasil proses 6,5. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa pengolahan limbah cair batik secara biologi aerob lebih efektif daripada pengolahan secara biologi anaerob maupaun secara kimia. Kata kunci : pengolahan air limbah batik, proses kimia, proses biologi

Al CERN prima fase sistema gestione dati LHC

CERN Multimedia

2003-01-01

"Al via la prima fase per la realizzazione del sistema Lhc computing Grid (LCG), progettato per elaborare le quantita' di dati senza precedenti che, a partire dal 2007, saranno prodotte dagli esperimenti eseguiti con il nuovo grande acceleratore Large Hadron Collider (LHC), presso il Cern di Ginevra" 1 page

Pengaruh Perlakuan Limbah dan Jenis Mordan Kapur, Tawas, dan Tunjung Terhadap Mutu Pewarnaan Kain Sutera dan Katun Menggunakan Limbah Cair Gambir (Uncaria gambir Roxb

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Sofyan Sofyan

2015-12-01

Full Text Available Gambier is an extract obtained from heat extraction of leaves and twigs of gambier plant followed by compression, sedimentation, and the formed paste is moulded and then dried. According to West Sumatra in figures, total production of gambier in West Sumatera in 2012 reached 14,220 tons. From the amount would be produced approximately 5,688,000 liters of liquid waste per year. The gambier waste is a by product of gambier production process which is untapped. High tannin content in the liquid waste is a dye that can be used as a textiles dye. The purpose of the research was to utilize liquid waste from gambier production process to dye silk and cotton fabrics with liquid waste treatment which was not stabilized or stabilized with mordant lime (CaCO3, alum Al2(SO43, and tunjung (FeSO4. The results of the research showed that dyeing with liquid waste by using different mordant would generate different colors. Silk and cotton fabrics were dyed with waste, whether stabilized or not stabilized and mordanted with lime, alum, and tunjung generated a reddish brown color,  bright yellow, and moss green respectively. When compared between silk and cotton, color absorption on silk was better. It could be seen from the darker color for the same treatment. The analysis results of color fastness to washing 40°C, the bright day light, and heat pressing generally ranged between good to excellent (scale 4-5.ABSTRAKGambir adalah getah yang diperoleh dari ekstraksi panas daun dan ranting tanaman gambir yang diikuti pengempaan, sedimentasi, dan pasta yang terbentuk dicetak lalu dikeringkan. Menurut Sumatera Barat dalam angka, total produksi gambir Sumatera Barat selama tahun 2012 mencapai 14.220 ton. Dari jumlah tersebut akan dihasilkan lebih kurang 5.688.000 liter limbah cair per tahun. Limbah gambir merupakan hasil samping dari proses produksi gambir yang belum dimanfaatkan. Kandungan tanin yang tinggi dalam limbah cair ini merupakan bahan pewarna yang dapat

Caracterización térmica de placas de yeso con material de cambio de fase incorporado

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García, A.

2010-09-01

Full Text Available In this research the suitability of including PCM in gypsum boards to multiply their thermal energy storage capacity is demonstrated. So the thermal storage capacity of several constructive materials is evaluated and compared, whose use and application is similar to the gypsum boards: paneling of a wall and partition wall. An experimental facility has been designed and operated for the study of the new compound material, exchanging heat with air. It has been studied the influence of different parameters and system variables (working temperature, air velocity, display of the phase change materials, and location in the building…, to establish a latent heat storage system which –complemented with passive strategies (solar gains, natural ventilation– reduces the acclimatization energy consumption in buildings. So, here we demonstrate that a gypsum board including a 44.5% in weight of phase change materials (PCM is able to store –in a 1.5 cm thick- 5 times the thermal energy of a current gypsum board –with the same thickness–, and the same amount to 11.5 cm brick layer, in the comfort temperature range (20-30 ºC, maintaining the mechanical and physical properties required by the regulations in force.

En este trabajo se demuestra la idoneidad de incorporar materiales de cambio de fase en placas de yeso para incrementar su capacidad de almacenamiento térmico. Para ello se evalúa y se compara la capacidad de almacenamiento térmico, de diferentes elementos constructivos cuyo uso y aplicación es similar a la de las placas de yeso: trasdosado y tabique separador. Se ha disenado y puesto en funcionamiento una instalación experimental que simula las condiciones de contorno que se producen en una estancia donde estén instalados los diferentes materiales y sistemas constructivos. Se ha estudiado la influencia de diferentes para´metros y variables del sistema (temperatura de trabajo, velocidad del aire, presentación de los

PENGGUNAAN PROTEASE ASPERGILLUS sp. DAN RHIZOPUS sp. DENGAN KONSENTRASI YANG BERBEDA DALAM TAHAPAN UNHAIRING TERHADAP KUALITAS FISIK DAN LIMBAH CAIR PADA PENYAMAKAN KULIT DOMBA

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Yunus Syafie

2013-10-01

Full Text Available Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas proteolitik yang dihasilkan jamur Aspergillus sp. dan Rhizopus sp. dalam tahapan unhairing (buang rambut pada proses penyamakan kulit domba serta pengaruh penggunaan dengan konsentrasi berbeda, terhadap kuat tarik, kemuluran, suhu kerut, dan kualitas limbah (pH, BOD, dan COD. Materi yang digunakan yaitu 15 lembar kulit domba awetan garam dibagi 2 bagian sepanjang garis lurus punggung sehingga diperoleh 30 lembar kulit, kulit dibagi secara acak menjadi 10 kelompok. Perlakuan terdiri dari dua belas kombinasi yaitu protease dari Aspergillus sp., Rhizopus sp. serta gabungan antara Aspergillus sp. dan Rhizopus sp. dengan konsentrasi protease 2% (P1, 2,5% (P2, 3% (P3, dan sebagai kontrol P0. Proses unhairing secara konvensional menggunakan bahan kimia Na2S (3% dan kapur Ca(OH2 6% dengan 3 ulangan. Sampel air limbah setelah proses unhairing diambil dan dibawa ke laboratorium untuk uji kualitas. Kulit diproses lebih lanjut menjadi kulit samak glazed. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap pola faktorial 3 x 4, apabila berbeda nyata dilakukan uji banding dengan uji Duncan’s new Multiple Range Test (DMRT. Hasil uji aktivitas proteolitik paling tinggi adalah gabungan antara protease dari Aspergillus sp. dan Rhizopus sp. yaitu sebesar 1.079,17 μM/ml/menit, sedangkan protease Aspergillus sp. dan Rhizopus sp. masing-masing memiliki aktivitas proteolitik sebesar 542,96 μM/ml/menit dan 392,89 μM/ml/menit. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan protease dengan konsentrasi yang berbeda dapat memberikan efek yang positif terhadap kualitas fisik dan limbah cair proses unhairing kulit domba. Konsentrasi protease 2,5% dan 3% dapat meningkatkan nilai kuat tarik dan suhu kerut kulit domba serta menghasilkan kulit yang bersih tanpa ada rambut yang menempel dan struktur serabut kolagen terbuka. Perlakuan protease sangat potensial karena dapat menekan angka BOD dan COD limbah

Visualization of cranial nerves by MR cisternography using 3D FASE. Comparison with 2D FSE

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Asakura, Hirofumi; Nakano, Satoru; Togami, Taro [Kagawa Medical School, Miki (Japan)] (and others)

2001-03-01

MR cisternography using 3D FASE was compared with that of 2D FSE in regard to visualization of normal cranial nerves. In a phantom study, contrast-to-noise ratio (C/N) of fine structures was better in 3D FASE images than in 2D FSE. In clinical cases, visualization of trigeminal nerve, abducent nerve, and facial/vestibulo-cochlear nerve were evaluated. Each cranial nerve was visualized better in 3D FASE images than in 2D FSE, with a significant difference (p<0.05). (author)

Visualization of cranial nerves by MR cisternography using 3D FASE. Comparison with 2D FSE

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Asakura, Hirofumi; Nakano, Satoru; Togami, Taro

2001-01-01

MR cisternography using 3D FASE was compared with that of 2D FSE in regard to visualization of normal cranial nerves. In a phantom study, contrast-to-noise ratio (C/N) of fine structures was better in 3D FASE images than in 2D FSE. In clinical cases, visualization of trigeminal nerve, abducent nerve, and facial/vestibulo-cochlear nerve were evaluated. Each cranial nerve was visualized better in 3D FASE images than in 2D FSE, with a significant difference (p<0.05). (author)

Fases de cultivo: Establecimiento y crecimiento rapido

Science.gov (United States)

R. Kasten Dumroese; Douglass F. Jacobs; Kim M. Wilkinson

2012-01-01

En este capítulo y en el siguiente, se analizan en detalle las fases de crecimiento por las cuales pasa todo cultivo. Cabe recordar que para llegar a esta instancia se deben haber realizado varios pasos previos en forma adecuada, como el tratamiento de las semillas, la limpieza de contenedores y su llenado con medio de crecimiento de buena calidad. Estos temas se han...

Resin Poliester Tak Jenuh Untuk Imobilisasi Resin Bekas Pengolahan Simulasi Limbah Radioaktif Cair

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Herlan Martono

2017-03-01

Full Text Available Telah dilakukan penelitian tentang imobilisasi resin bekas pengolah limbah trans-uranium denganresin poliester tak jenuh untuk mengetahui kualitas blok polimer-limbah sebagai fungsi kandunganlimbah. Polimerisasi dilakukan dengan mencampurkan resin poliester tak jenuh dengan katalisdengan perbandingan katalis 1% dari jumlah resin poliester tak jenuh yang digunakan, kemudianditambahkan limbah cair transuranium simulasi. blok polimer-limbah yang terjadi diukur densitas,kuat tekan dengan alat Paul Weber, dan laju pelindihan dengan alat soxhlet pada 100 0C dan 1 atmselama 6 jam. Blok polimer dibuat dengan kandungan limbah 10, 20, 30, 40, dan 50 % berat. Hasilpenelitian menunjukkan bahwa semakin besar kandungan limbah maka kuat tekan blok polimerlimbahsemakin kecil, sedangkan laju pelindihannya semakin besar. Berdasarkan kuat tekan dan lajupelindihan, maka hasil terbaik diperoleh untuk blok-polimer dengan kandungan limbah 20 % dan 30%.

Genotypes of Brassica rapa respond differently to plant-induced variation in air CO2 concentration in growth chambers with standard and enhanced venting.

Science.gov (United States)

Edwards, Christine E; Haselhorst, Monia S H; McKnite, Autumn M; Ewers, Brent E; Williams, David G; Weinig, Cynthia

2009-10-01

Growth chambers allow measurement of phenotypic differences among genotypes under controlled environment conditions. However, unintended variation in growth chamber air CO2 concentration ([CO2]) may affect the expression of diverse phenotypic traits, and genotypes may differ in their response to variation in [CO2]. We monitored [CO2] and quantified phenotypic responses of 22 Brassica rapa genotypes in growth chambers with either standard or enhanced venting. [CO2] in chambers with standard venting dropped to 280 micromol mol(-1) during the period of maximum canopy development, approximately 80 micromol mol(-1) lower than in chambers with enhanced venting. The stable carbon isotope ratio of CO2 in chamber air (delta13C(air)) was negatively correlated with [CO2], suggesting that photosynthesis caused observed [CO2] decreases. Significant genotype x chamber-venting interactions were detected for 12 of 20 traits, likely due to differences in the extent to which [CO2] changed in relation to genotypes' phenology or differential sensitivity of genotypes to low [CO2]. One trait, 13C discrimination (delta13C), was particularly influenced by unaccounted-for fluctuations in delta13C(air) and [CO2]. Observed responses to [CO2] suggest that genetic variance components estimated in poorly vented growth chambers may be influenced by the expression of genes involved in CO2 stress responses; genotypic values estimated in these chambers may likewise be misleading such that some mapped quantitative trait loci may regulate responses to CO2 stress rather than a response to the environmental factor of interest. These results underscore the importance of monitoring, and where possible, controlling [CO2].

STRATEGI PRODUKSI PUPUK ORGANIK CAIR KOMERSIAL DARI LIMBAH RUMAH POTONG HEWAN (RPH SEMARANG

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Wiharyanto Oktiawan

2015-09-01

Full Text Available Limbah Rumah Pemotongan Hewan (RPH Kota Semarang yang didominasi oleh rumen sapi jika tidak diolah dapat menyebabkan ketidaknyamanan pada manusia dan kerusakan lingkungan. Dampak negatif dari limbah adalah proses pembuangan dan pembersihannya memerlukan biaya serta efeknya dapat mencemari lingkungan. Hal ini mendorong adanya inovasi dan pengembangan teknologi pengolahan air limbah yang murah dan mudah operasional dan pemeliharaannya serta biaya yang sedikit. Upaya meningkatkan keuntungan akan keberadaan limbah dilakukan cara mengolah limbah menjadi produk yang bermanfaat dan bernilai jual. Keuntungan yang bisa diperoleh dari proses pengolahan limbah tersebut menjadi biogas, bioenergi, dan pupuk. Pupuk yang mengandung magnesium yang tinggi yang beredar di pasaran biasanya berbentuk granul/ serbuk. Apabila tanaman mengalami kekurangan magnesium maka akan menyebabkan kuningnya daun dan menghambat proses fotosintesis yang terjadi di daun. Penambahan limbah garam pada penelitian ini diharapkan dapat meningkatkan kandungan unsur hara makro C,N,P,K, dan Mg, tidak mencemari lingkungan, tidak merusak struktur tanah, serta mudah dalam pengaplikasiannya. Variasi rasio serat kasar dengan cairan rumen bertujuan untuk mengetahui kandungan paling optimum,antara lain: 100:0 ,75:25 , 50:50 , 25:75 , 0:100 (serat kasar:cairan rumen. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa penambahan limbah garam tidak mempengaruhi terhadap kandungan unsur hara C-Organik dan Nitrogen, sedangkan pada kandungan Fospor, Kalium, dan Magnesium memiliki pengaruh dari penambahan limbah garam. Kandungan unsur hara makro paling optimum yaitu C-Organik pada fermentor B1 sebesar 1,44%, Ntotal pada fermentor B2 sebesar 0,73%, Fospor (P2O5 pada fermentor B3 sebesar 2,243%, Kalium pada fermentor B3 sebesar 13,05, dan Mg pada fermentor B3 sebesar 26,82%. meskipun demikian, pupuk organik cair ini belum memenuhi persyaratan teknis Permentan No.70/Permentan/SR.140/10/2011 tentang pupuk organik, pupuk

Desain Rantai Pasok Gas Alam Cair (LNG untuk Kebutuhan Pembangkit Listrik di Indonesia Bagian Timur

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Made Arya Satya Dharma Putra

2017-01-01

Full Text Available Indonesia merupakan negara yang memiliki gas alam yang melimpah, namun kurangnya kesadaran masyarakat Indonesia untuk memanfaatkan gas tersebut untuk kebutuhan listrik di Indonesia yang sekarang sedang dalam krisis terutama di Indonesia Timur. Salah satu penyebab krisis tenaga listrik yang terjadi di Indonesia adalah tingginya nilai harga bahan bakar minyak, dimana High Speed Diesel Oil merupakan bahan bakar utama bagi pembangkit listrik di Indonesia. Gas alam cair atau Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG dapat menjadi solusi alternatif bahan bakar bagi pembangkit listrik di Indonesia.Studi kali ini bertujuan untuk pemanfaatan gas alam cair (LNG untuk kebutuhan pembangkit listrik di Indonesia Timur dengan menentukan pola distribusi LNG dengan menggunakan Blok Masela sebagai sumber LNG dan menggunakan kapal untuk mendistribusikannya. Terdapat 39 pembangkit yang tersebar di 4 pulau yaitu Maluku, Nusa Tenggara Barat, Nusa Tenggara Timur, dan Papua. Kapal yang digunakan untuk mendistribusikan terdapat 5 kapal dengan ukuran 2500 m3, 7500 m3, 10000 m3, 19500 m3, 23000 m3. Untuk mendapatkan rute distribusi, studi ini menggunakan metode Linear Programing dan dalam Vehicle Routing Problem. Hasil optimasi pada distribusi ini adalah rute dan kapal yang optimal / terbaik dengan biaya ekonomi yang minimal.Dari hasil penelitian ini pembangkit akan dibagi menjadi 5 cluster dimana terdapat 5 rute yang terpilih dengan menggunakan 6 kapal yaitu 5 kapal ukuran 2500 m3 dan 1 kapal dengan ukuran 7500m3. Biaya total yang diperlukan dalam mendistribusikan LNG sebesar US$ 111,863,119.15 untuk Opex dan US$ 283,967,000.00 untuk Capex. Hasil dari kajian ekonomi menunjukan bahwa margin penjualan yang terpilih adalah antara US$ 3.5 sampai US$ 3.9 dengan payback period selama 6.8 – 4.7 tahun tahun dari waktu operasi 20 tahun.

Spatial mapping and analysis of aerosols during a forest fire using computational mobile microscopy

Science.gov (United States)

Wu, Yichen; Shiledar, Ashutosh; Luo, Yi; Wong, Jeffrey; Chen, Cheng; Bai, Bijie; Zhang, Yibo; Tamamitsu, Miu; Ozcan, Aydogan

2018-02-01

Forest fires are a major source of particulate matter (PM) air pollution on a global scale. The composition and impact of PM are typically studied using only laboratory instruments and extrapolated to real fire events owing to a lack of analytical techniques suitable for field-settings. To address this and similar field test challenges, we developed a mobilemicroscopy- and machine-learning-based air quality monitoring platform called c-Air, which can perform air sampling and microscopic analysis of aerosols in an integrated portable device. We tested its performance for PM sizing and morphological analysis during a recent forest fire event in La Tuna Canyon Park by spatially mapping the PM. The result shows that with decreasing distance to the fire site, the PM concentration increases dramatically, especially for particles smaller than 2 µm. Image analysis from the c-Air portable device also shows that the increased PM is comparatively strongly absorbing and asymmetric, with an aspect ratio of 0.5-0.7. These PM features indicate that a major portion of the PM may be open-flame-combustion-generated element carbon soot-type particles. This initial small-scale experiment shows that c-Air has some potential for forest fire monitoring.

TransiÃÃes de fase induzidas por altas pressÃes no molibdato de Ãtrio.

OpenAIRE

AbraÃo Cefas Torres Dias

2011-01-01

Neste trabalho investigamos as propriedades vibracionais do molibidato de Ãtrio hidratado e anidro em funÃÃo da pressÃo hidrostÃtica. A anÃlise dos modos vibracionais mostra que esse material experimenta uma transiÃÃo de fase da estrutura ortorrÃmbica para uma fase de mais baixa simetria para valores de pressÃo em torno de 0,3 GPa, provavelmente monoclÃnica, antes de se transformar em uma estrutura com alto grau de desordem a partir de 2,4 GPa. A transiÃÃo estrutural da fase ordenada para a f...

Presentación del estudio "Links" de hombres que tienes sexo con hombres en Buenos Aires, Argentina.

Science.gov (United States)

Carballo-Diéguez, Alex; Avila, María M; Balán, Iván C; Marone, Rubén; Pando, María A; Barreda, Victoria

2011-03-01

Estudios previos en Buenos Aires reportaron altas prevalencias de HIV entre HSH, con valores que oscilan entre 9 y 14% durante casi 10 años de continuo testeo. El objetivo principal de este estudio fue la evaluación de factores relacionados al comportamiento de alto riesgo para transmisión del HIV entre HSH entre los que se incluyen el conocimiento y factores emocionales, socioculturales y ambientales. Por otro lado se realizó la estimación de prevalencia e incidencia de HIV utilizando RDS (Respondent Driven Sampling), así como la presencia de otras infecciones de transmisión sexual. Por último se evaluaron los hábitos de testeo para HIV indagando que factores facilitan o impiden su realización. El estudio constó de dos fases, en primer lugar una fase cualitativa y posteriormente una fase cuantitativa con una duración total de 4 años y medio. Durante la fase cualitativa se realizaron 44 entrevistas individuales en profundidad, 8 grupos focales y 10 observaciones etnográficas (hoteles, baños públicos ("teteras"), cines pornográficos, fiestas privadas, dark rooms y discotecas). Durante la fase cuantitativa del estudio se realizó el reclutamiento de 500 participantes que provinieron de la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, así como del Gran Buenos Aires. El reclutamiento se comenzó con 16 participantes llamados semillas. Se realizó el diagnóstico de infección por HIV, hepatitis B y C (HBV y HCV), Treponema pallidum, Virus Papiloma Humano (HPV) y Chlamidias. La colaboración establecida entre los grupos de trabajo enfocados en áreas diversas posibilitó el abordaje conjunto de nuevas estrategias de investigación antes no exploradas en nuestro país. Los resultados más relevantes de esta investigación serán progresivamente publicados en sucesivos números de Actualizaciones en SIDA.

INFLUENCIA DE LAS FASES LUNARES SOBRE EL RENDIMIENTO DEL MAÍZ (Zea mays variedad NB6

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Larry Flores Martínez

2012-10-01

Full Text Available La observación de las fases lunares para realizar actividades agrícolas, es una costumbre de muchas culturas alrededor del mundo. Sin embargo, existen pocos estudios científicos relacionados con este tema. El objeto  de esta investigación fue determinar la influencia de las fases lunares sobre el rendimiento del maíz. Para ello se consultó a 45 productores de 19 comunidades de la Región Autónoma Atlántico Sur (RAAS, sobre el uso de las fases lunares para la siembra. Además, se estableció un experimento utilizando un diseño de bloques completamente al azar con cuatro repeticiones por cada fase lunar (16 parcelas en total. Se midió el porcentaje de germinación, el crecimiento y rendimiento del cultivo.  Los datos fueron analizados utilizando el programa InfoStat versión 2010. Los resultados reflejan que la germinación de las semillas presentó diferencias estadísticas significativas, siendo mayores en parcelas sembradas en las fases de cuarto creciente y luna nueva. La variable altura, largo y peso de mazorca, no presentaron diferencias significativas según fase lunar. En la variable diámetro del tallo se encontró diferencia significativa; las plantas sembradas en luna nueva presentaron el mayor diámetro. El daño causado por enfermedades y herbívoros presentó un resultado variable para las cuatro fases lunares. El peso promedio del maíz sembrado en la fase de luna nueva fue mayor que en las otras fases, contrario a la creencia popular de los productores de la región.SUMMARYObservation of the moon phases for agricultural activities is a custom in many cultures around the world. However, there are few scientific studies related to this topic. The purpose of this research was to determine the influence of moon phases on corn yields. In order to achieve this goal, 45 producers were consulted from 19 communities in the South Atlantic Autonomous Region (RAAS, regarding the use of the moon phases for sowing. Besides, an

Presentación del estudio “Links” de hombres que tienes sexo con hombres en Buenos Aires, Argentina

Science.gov (United States)

Carballo-Diéguez, Alex; Ávila, María M; Balán, Iván C.; Marone, Rubén; Pando, María A.; Barreda, Victoria

2011-01-01

Resumen Estudios previos en Buenos Aires reportaron altas prevalencias de HIV entre HSH, con valores que oscilan entre 9 y 14% durante casi 10 años de continuo testeo. El objetivo principal de este estudio fue la evaluación de factores relacionados al comportamiento de alto riesgo para transmisión del HIV entre HSH entre los que se incluyen el conocimiento y factores emocionales, socioculturales y ambientales. Por otro lado se realizó la estimación de prevalencia e incidencia de HIV utilizando RDS (Respondent Driven Sampling), así como la presencia de otras infecciones de transmisión sexual. Por último se evaluaron los hábitos de testeo para HIV indagando que factores facilitan o impiden su realización. El estudio constó de dos fases, en primer lugar una fase cualitativa y posteriormente una fase cuantitativa con una duración total de 4 años y medio. Durante la fase cualitativa se realizaron 44 entrevistas individuales en profundidad, 8 grupos focales y 10 observaciones etnográficas (hoteles, baños públicos (“teteras”), cines pornográficos, fiestas privadas, dark rooms y discotecas). Durante la fase cuantitativa del estudio se realizó el reclutamiento de 500 participantes que provinieron de la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, así como del Gran Buenos Aires. El reclutamiento se comenzó con 16 participantes llamados semillas. Se realizó el diagnóstico de infección por HIV, hepatitis B y C (HBV y HCV), Treponema pallidum, Virus Papiloma Humano (HPV) y Chlamidias. La colaboración establecida entre los grupos de trabajo enfocados en áreas diversas posibilitó el abordaje conjunto de nuevas estrategias de investigación antes no exploradas en nuestro país. Los resultados más relevantes de esta investigación serán progresivamente publicados en sucesivos números de Actualizaciones en SIDA. PMID:25264397

Structural Analysis of the Active Site Geometry of N5-Carboxyaminoimidazole Ribonucleotide Synthetase from Escherichia coli

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Thoden, James B.; Holden, Hazel M.; Firestine, Steven M.

2008-01-01

N 5 -Carboxyaminoimidazole ribonucleotide synthetase (N 5 -CAIR synthetase) converts 5-aminoimidazole ribonucleotide (AIR), MgATP, and bicarbonate into N 5 -CAIR, MgADP, and P i . The enzyme is required for de novo purine biosynthesis in microbes yet is not found in humans suggesting that it represents an ideal and unexplored target for antimicrobial drug design. Here we report the X-ray structures of N 5 -CAIR synthetase from Escherichia coli with either MgATP or MgADP/P i bound in the active site cleft. These structures, determined to 1.6-(angstrom) resolution, provide detailed information regarding the active site geometry before and after ATP hydrolysis. In both structures, two magnesium ions are observed. Each of these is octahedrally coordinated, and the carboxylate side chain of Glu238 bridges them. For the structure of the MgADP/P i complex, crystals were grown in the presence of AIR and MgATP. No electron density was observed for AIR, and the electron density corresponding to the nucleotide clearly revealed the presence of ADP and P i rather than ATP. The bound P i shifts by approximately 3 (angstrom) relative to the γ-phosphoryl group of ATP and forms electrostatic interactions with the side chains of Arg242 and His244. Since the reaction mechanism of N 5 -CAIR synthetase is believed to proceed via a carboxyphosphate intermediate, we propose that the location of the inorganic phosphate represents the binding site for stabilization of this reactive species. Using the information derived from the two structures reported here, coupled with molecular modeling, we propose a catalytic mechanism for N 5 -CAIR synthetase.

Mecanismos de deformación plástica en policristales cerámicos con fases secundarias vítreas

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Meléndez Martínez, J. J.

2005-10-01

Full Text Available In many polycrystalline ceramic materials, the main phase coexists with a secondary phase, generally glassy in nature. The existence of this phase is associated to the use of certain sintering additives. In a general sense, the secondary phase is located at “pockets” between various grains, or it is distributed as a thin film at the grain boundaries. From the viewpoint of the creep behaviour at high temperatures, the secondary glassy phase plays a triple role: firstly, the secondary phase may flow under the applied stress. Secondly, the grain boundaries occupied by the secondary phase constitute high-diffusivity trajectories, even at temperatures lower than those required for bulk diffusion. Finally, the regions with secondary phase are preferential locations for the nucleation of cavities. In this work, the deformation mechanisms characteristic of ceramic polycrystals with secondary glassy phases (viscous flow, solution-precipitation and cavitation creep, which are related to the triple role played by these phases. Particularly, the most significant models for each mechanism are presented, as well as a comparative with experimental results obtained in different materials.

En un gran número de materiales cerámicos policristalinos, la fase mayoritaria coexiste con una fase secundaria, generalmente de naturaleza vítrea. La existencia de esta fase se debe al uso de determinados aditivos durante la sinterización. En general, la fase secundaria se acumula en “bolsas” entre varios granos, o bien se distribuye en forma de película delgada en las fronteras de grano. Desde el punto de vista de la fluencia a alta temperatura, la fase secundaria desempeña un triple papel: en primer lugar, esta fase puede fluir bajo la acción de la tensión aplicada. Por otra parte, las fronteras de grano ocupadas por la fase secundaria constituyen trayectorias de alta difusividad, incluso a temperaturas menores que las requeridas para la difusión por

Influencia del cobre en la transformación de fase de la aleación Zn - 22 % p Al, durante la homogenización

OpenAIRE

Rangel Lara, S.; Bernal, J. L.; Ita de la Torre, A. de

2011-01-01

Las aleaciones fueron producidas por fundición y enfriadas en aire quieto a temperatura ambiente, la microestructura dendrítica fue analizada en un trabajo anterior [1]. Muestras de las aleaciones obtenidas fueron sometidas a un tratamiento de homogenización a 375 °C por 120 horas, se observó la modificación de la microestructura a 60, 100 y 120 horas en las aleaciones Zn - 22 % p Al y Zn - 22 % p Al - 2 % p Cu. Las fases presentes en las aleaciones se identificaron por microscopia óptica. Se...

Obtención de silicatos de calcio empleando como precursores residuos sólidos. Influencia del mezclado de reactivos en fase seca o fase húmeda

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Corpas Iglesias, F. A.

2011-02-01

Full Text Available The suitability of re-using residues marble, remaining from cutting marble, as a source of calcium-oxide, as well as the resultant ashes from the combustion of the wastes generated in the process of manufacturing boards from derivates of wood, as a source of silica, as raw material for the production of calcium silicate products has been determined. First of all, the influence of water has been studied in the initial phase of mixing residues. Marble and ashes have been mixed in molar relation CaO:SiO₂ of 1:1 using two different ways: using a planetary ball mill (while in solid state or agitating at 90 ºC (2 h using a 60 wt% of water (while in humid state. Later, both mixtures were sintered at 1100 ºC (24 h. In order to use the obtained calcium-silicates as ceramic insulating thermal materials, the samples were compressed at 15 Tm obtaining bricks from which the technological properties have been studied. The ceramic materials obtained from mixing the residues in dry phase, as well as those obtained in the wet phase, can be used as thermal insulators, showing values of conductivity of 0.18 and 0.12 w/m²K, with an elevated resistance to compressive strength.

Se ha determinado la posibilidad de reutilizar los residuos procedentes del corte de mármol, como fuente de óxido de calcio, y las cenizas resultantes de la combustión de los residuos generados en el proceso de fabricación de tableros de derivados de madera, como fuente de sílice. A partir de ambas materias primas, se obtienen silicatos de calcio. Se ha estudiado la influencia de agua en la fase inicial de mezclado de los residuos. Para ello mármol y cenizas se han mezclado en relación molar CaO:SiO₂ 1:1, en una primera ruta, en fase seca, empleando un molino de bolas, o en una segunda ruta, en fase húmeda, mediante agitación a 90 ºC (2 h empleando un 60 % en peso de agua. Posteriormente, ambas mezclas se sinterizan a 1100 ºC (24 h. Con

Uji Efektifitas Pyraclostrobin Sebagai Agensia Planth Health Dengan Beberapa Level Cekaman Air Pada Tanaman Sawi Hijau (Brassica Juncea L.)

OpenAIRE

Pradana, Febry Mitra; Sumarni, Titin; Wicaksono, Karuniawan Puji

2015-01-01

Pyraclostrobin ialah salah satu bahan aktif golongan strobirulin yang dapat memberikan efek toleran terhadap cekaman pada fase pertumbuhan tanaman seperti cekaman suhu dan air. Pada penelitian ini agensia Pyraclostrobin akan diuji pada berbagai cekaman air dan menggunakan tanaman sawi hijau sebagai indikator. Tujuan dari penelitian ini ialah untuk mempelajari sejauh mana agensia pyraclostrobin dapat membantu tanaman menghadapi stress air. Penelitian dilaksanakan dalam rumah plastik pada bulan...

Multimodal evoked potentials and the ovarian cycle in young ovulating women Potenciais evocados nas diferentes fases do ciclo menstrual da mulher

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LUIZ ANTONIO DE LIMA RESENDE

2000-06-01

Full Text Available There is controversy over how hormonal conditions influence cerebral physiology. We studied pattern-shift visual evoked potentials (PS-VEP, brain stem auditory evoked potentials (BAEP and short-latency somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEV in 20 female volunteers at different phases of the menstrual cycle (estrogen phase, ovulatory day and progesterone phase. Statistical analysis showed decreased latencies for P100 (PS-VEP, N19 and P22 (SSEV waves in the progesterone phase compared with the estrogen phase. There was no significant difference between the estrogen and the ovulation day values. Comparing the three above stages, there were no significant differences in the brainstem auditory evoked potentials. The reduction of the latencies of the potentials generated in multisynaptic circuits provides the first consistent neurophysiological basis for a tentative comprehension of human pre-menstrual syndrome.Há controvérsias sobre como variações hormonais do ciclo menstrual da mulher influenciam a neurofisiologia cerebral. Estudamos potenciais evocados de curta latência, visuais, auditivos e sômato-sensoriais, em 20 mulheres voluntárias normais, nas diferentes fases do ciclo menstrual (fase estrogênica, fase ovulatória, fase progestacional. Comparação entre fase estrogênica e ovulatória mostrou resultados similares. Ondas I, III, V dos potenciais evocados auditivos não apresentaram diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre as três fases do ciclo. Análise estatística dos resultados mostrou diminuição significativa das latências das ondas P100, N19 e P22 obtidas na fase progestacional, comparadas com aquelas obtidas na fase estrogênica. Como estas ondas são geradas em circuitos multissinápticos, tal redução de latências, na fase progestacional, fornece a primeira base neurofisiológica consistente para tentativa de compreensão da síndrome pré-menstrual da mulher.

Measurement of CSF volume with 3D-FASE MRI

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kanayama, Shoichi; Calderon, A.; Makita, Jun-ichi; Ohara, Yukou; Tsunoda, Akira; Sato, Kiyoshi.

1997-01-01

A noninvasive and fast cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) volume measurement method has been developed using 3D-FASE MRI and a semi-automatic segmentation process. Images with a high CSF/(gray and white matter) ratio (about 10-20) were obtained with a heavily T 2 weighted 3D-FASE sequence. The CSF region was segmented with a region growing method and the volume was calculated from the number of segmented voxels with a signal intensity weighted summation. Total measurement time was about 30 minutes for each study. The errors of the measured volumes were within 10% for the phantom experiments. Intracranial CSF volumes of normal volunteers ranged between about 100 and 200 cc and the ventricle/intracranial CSF ratio was about 10%. 3D display of the segmented intracranial and ventricle CSF regions was also carried out and proved to be useful to understand the anatomy. Increased intracranial and/or ventricle CSF volumes were obtained for a hydrocephalic patient and one patient with probable cerebral atrophy. The results suggest that the developed method could be used for the diagnosis of patients with neurological diseases. (author)

The United States Department of Energy (DOE) Computerized Accident/Incident Reporting System (CAIRS)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Briscoe, G.J.

1993-01-01

The Department of Energy's (DOE) Computerized Accident/Incident Reporting System (CAIRS) is a comprehensive data base containing more than 50,000 investigation reports of injury/illness, property damage and vehicle accident cases representing safety data from 1975 to the present for more than 150 DOE contractor organizations. A special feature is that the text of each accident report is translated using a controlled dictionary and rigid sentence structure called Factor Relationship and Sequence of Events (FRASE) that enhances the ability to retrieve specific types of information and to perform detailed analyses. DOE summary and individual contractor reports are prepared quarterly and annually. In addition, ''Safety Performance Profile'' reports for individual organizations are prepared to provide advance information to appraisal teams, and special topical reports are prepared for areas of concern such as an increase in the number of security injuries or environmental releases. The data base is open to all DOE and Contractor registered users with no access restrictions other than that required by the Privacy Act

Isolasi dan Identifikasi Senyawa Flavonoid Ekstrak Etanol Buah Naga Merah (Hylocereus polyrhizus (F.A.C.Weber Briton & Rose

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Siti Nuari

2017-12-01

Full Text Available Telah dilakukan penelitian mengenai isolasi dan identifikasi senyawa flavonoid dari ekstrak etanol buah naga merah (Hylocereus polyrhizus (F.A.C.Weber Briton & Rose.  Ekstrak buah naga merah diperoleh melalui maserasi serbuk buah naga merah dengan pelarut etanol 96%. Ekstrak etanol yang diperoleh di partisi dengan metode partisi cair-cair menggunakan pelarut n-heksana, etil asetat dan air. Hasil partisi ekstrak etil asetat  kemudian dilakukan pemisahan dengan Kromatografi vakum cair, sedangkan ekstrak air dihidrolisis terlebih dahulu dengan HCl lalu dipartisi dengan etil asetat (fraksi etil asetat. Berdasarkan  hasi pemurnian ekstrak etil asetat dan fraksi etil asetat dengan KLT Preparatif diperoleh 5 isolat tetapi hanya isolat 3 yang positif senyawa flavonoid. Hasil spektroskopi UV-Vis isolat 3 menghasilkan puncak pada 330 nm (pita I dan 280 nm (pita II, sedangkan pada penambahan pereaksi geser tidak mengalami pergeseran batokromik dan hipsokromik. Berdasarkan data-data yang diperoleh isolat 3 diduga merupakan golongan senyawa flavanon.

KESETIMBANGAN ADSORPSI FENOL DARI ASAP CAIR TEMPURUNG KELAPA HIBRIDA PADA ARANG AKTIF Adsoprtion Equilibrium of Phenol From Liquid Smoke of Coconut Shell onto Activated Carbon

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Syahraeni Kadir

2012-05-01

Full Text Available The adsorption of liquid smoke phenol of hybrid coconut shell on activated carbon was evaluated at various tempera- ture (30-70 °C and phenol concentration to determine the adsorption capacity and adsorption interaction. The data were evaluated using Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption models. The results showed that the activated carbon ad- sorption capacity increased with an increase in liquid smoke concentration from 0.025 to 1.0 % but it declined due to an increase in the adsorption temperature from 30 to 70 °C. The affinity of phenol onto activated carbon was higher in the high liquid smoke concentration comparing with low concentration. Adsorption capacity decreased when the phe-nol equilibrium concentration (C was 342.78 mg/L, in which it decreased from 32.67 mg/g to 13.02 mg /g. Phenoladsorption onto activated carbon was best fitted to the Freundlich isotherm model than Langmuir isotherm model. Thephenol adsorption capacity of activated carbon at equilibrium concentration (K has decreased from 12.05 mg/g to 9.66 mg/g when the adsorption temperature increased from 30 to 50 °C. The adsorption capacity increased from 13.46 mg/g to 17.02 mg/g at an increase in the temperature from 60 to 70 °C. The value 1/n was above zero, which means that the adsorption interaction was cooperative with the activation energy of 403.43 KJ/mol. In summary, the adsorption was chemisorption. ABSTRAK Adsorpsi fenol dari asap cair tempurung kelapa hibrida pada arang aktif dievaluasi pada berbagai suhu (30-70 °C dan konsentrasi fenol untuk menentukan kapasitas adsorpsi dan mekanisme adsorpsi. Data yang diperoleh dievalusi meng- gunakan model Langmuir dan Freundlich. Data hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kapasitas adsorpsi arang aktif terhadap fenol dari asap cair tempurung kelapa hibrida meningkat sejalan dengan peningkatan konsentrasi asap cair dari 0,025 ke 1,0 %, namun kapasitas adsorpsi menurun akibat peningkatan suhu adsorpsi dari 30 ke 70 °C.  Hal ini

Determination of partition behavior of organic surrogates between paperboard packaging materials and air.

Science.gov (United States)

Triantafyllou, V I; Akrida-Demertzi, K; Demertzis, P G

2005-06-03

The suitability of recycled paperboard packaging materials for direct food contact applications is a major area of investigation. Chemical contaminants (surrogates) partitioning between recycled paper packaging and foods may affect the safety and health of the consumer. The partition behavior of all possible organic compounds between cardboards and individual foodstuffs is difficult and too time consuming for being fully investigated. Therefore it may be more efficient to determine these partition coefficients indirectly through experimental determination of the partitioning behavior between cardboard samples and air. In this work, the behavior of organic pollutants present in a set of two paper and board samples intended to be in contact with foods was studied. Adsorption isotherms have been plotted and partition coefficients between paper and air have been calculated as a basis for the estimation of their migration potential into food. Values of partition coefficients (Kpaper/air) from 47 to 1207 were obtained at different temperatures. For the less volatile surrogates such as dibutyl phthalate and methyl stearate higher Kpaper/air values were obtained. The adsorption curves showed that the more volatile substances are partitioning mainly in air phase and increasing the temperature from 70 to 100 degrees C their concentrations in air (Cair) have almost doubled. The analysis of surrogates was performed with a method based on solvent extraction and gas chromatographic-flame ionization detection (GC-FID) quantification.

Operação Liberdade Duradoura: A Segunda Fase?

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Cristina Soreanu Pecequilo

2011-09-01

Full Text Available O presente artigo tem como tema as recentes afirmações por parte dos EUA e seus aliados com relação à instauração da segunda fase da Operação Liberdade Duradoura e dos impactos que essa terá para a atual política de combate ao terrorismo e de para a ocupação do Afeganistão.

Método para Medir Indirectamente la Velocidad de Fase en Sensores Surface Acoustic Wave

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Leonardo Andrés Pérez

2015-10-01

Full Text Available El sensor de temperatura Surface Acoustic Wave (SAW ofrece amplias posibilidades para ser utilizado en ambientes hostiles. En teoría, las mediciones del SAW se pueden leer inalámbricamente sin integrar circuitos electrónicos en su estructura, permitiendo funcionalidades en mediciones a muy altas temperaturas. La literatura reporta que las variaciones de temperatura del SAW ocasionan corrimientos en su frecuencia de sincronismo, efecto que se atribuye a la sensibilidad térmica de la velocidad de fase del substrato piezoeléctrico. Caracterizar  apropiadamente el SAW requiere una buena medición de la velocidad de fase. No obstante, medir esta velocidad con respecto a la temperatura no es posible con la instrumentación actual. Este artículo reporta un método indirecto para medir estas variaciones de velocidad a través de  simulaciones basadas en el Modelo de Mason y mediciones de la respuesta en frecuencia de un prototipo SAW. Identificar la velocidad de fase del SAW conlleva a graficar, con aceptable precisión, la curva de funcionamiento del sensor, la cual puede utilizarse posteriormente como curva de calibración.

Contraste empírico del modelo de cinco fases de duelo de Kübler-Ross en mujeres con cáncer

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José Moral de la Rubia

2015-01-01

Full Text Available Objetivos. (a Definir cinco escalas unidimensionales que permitan evaluar las cinco fases de duelo del modelo de Kübler-Ross y (b contrastar el modelo secuencial de cinco fases de duelo de Kübler-Ross. Método. Se aplicó la escala de las fases de duelo a una muestra no probabilística de 120 mujeres mexicanas con cáncer. Se usó análisis factorial y de senderos para analizar los datos. Resultados. Se definieron cinco modelos unidimensionales de medida para cada fase de duelo con consistencia interna alta, ajuste a los datos y validez de contenido. El modelo secuencial de cinco fases de duelo presentó un ajuste pobre a los datos. Las fases de duelo fueron independientes del tiempo transcurrido desde el diagnóstico de cáncer. Un modelo no secuencial tuvo buen ajuste a los datos. En este modelo, la negación predijo ira, negociación con un ser superior y depresión; por su parte, la ira predijo depresión; negociación con un ser superior predijo aceptación; y depresión predijo menor aceptación. Conclusión. En estas mujeres mexicanas con cáncer, más que una secuencia de fases en el proceso de duelo, se observaron seis respuestas psicológicas que se interrelacionan entre sí y con la pérdida de la salud. Los 39 ítems seleccionados pueden emplearse como una escala de seis factores y dos dimensiones correlacionadas, afecto positivo (promesas/pacto, fe/esperanza y aceptación y afecto negativo (negación, depresión e ira.

Determinación de la composición de fases en circona mediante un procedimiento polimórfico simple

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Hernández-Jiménez, A.

2004-02-01

Full Text Available In this work, we propose a polymorphic method for the quantitative analysis in zirconia. This procedure uses a square system of equations relating the intensities of a peaks groups set in the diffraction pattern with the weight fractions of the different phases present in the sample. In this system it is used as unknowns, besides the relative abundance of the phases, a group of parameters that incorporates the contribution from the tails of the groups adjacent to the intensity of a selected group. The described procedure has been applied to a simulated diffractogram corresponding to a composition of zirconia of 50% of cubic phase, 25% of tetragonal phase and 25% of monoclinic phase, and also to a sample of zirconia processed by the sol-gel method.

En este trabajo se propone un método polimórfico para el análisis cuantitativo de fases en la circona. Este procedimiento emplea un sistema de ecuaciones compatible y determinado que relaciona las intensidades de un conjunto de grupos de picos del espectro de difracción con las fracciones en peso de las diferentes fases presentes en la muestra. En dicho sistema, además de las abundancias relativas de las fases, se utilizan como incógnitas un conjunto de parámetros que dan cuenta de la aportación de las colas de los grupos de picos adyacentes al grupo de picos considerado. Este procedimiento se ha aplicado a un difractograma simulado correspondiente a una circona con 50% de fase cúbica, 25% de fase tetragonal y 25% de fase monoclínica y también a una muestra en polvo de circona fabricada mediante técnicas sol-gel.

Pengembangan Potensi Energi Alternatif Dengan Pemanfaatan Limbah Cair Kelapa Sawit Sebagai Sumber Energi Baru Terbarukan Di Kabupaten Kotawaringin Timur

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Yulian Mara Alkusma

2016-10-01

  ABSTRACT Energy has an important role in the development process and ultimately to achieve the objectives of social, economic and environment for as well as an environmental support for national economic activity. Renewable energy source derived from wastewater biogas utilization of oil palm can produce electrical energy which is currently heavily dependent on diesel generators at a cost that mahal.Limbah liquid palm oil (Palm Oil Mill Effluent, or POME is the wastewater that is greasy and non-toxic, derived from the processing of palm oil, but the liquid waste could cause environmental disaster if not used and disposed of in open ponds because it will release large amounts of methane and other harmful gases into the air that cause greenhouse gas emissions. The high content of Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD of 50000-70000 mg / l in the liquid waste palm oil provides the potential to be converted into electricity by capturing the biogas (methane gas produced through a series of stages of the purification process. In East Kotawaringin there are 36 palm oil processing factory that total factory capacity is of 2,115 TBS / hour, producing 1,269 tons of liquid waste wastewater / h and is capable of producing 42,300 m3 of biogas. Keywords:  Renewable Energy, Plam Oil Mill Effluent, Chemical Oxygen Demand, Biogass, Methane Cara sitasi: Alkusma, Y.M., Hermawan, dan Hadiyanto. (2016. Pengembangan Potensi Energi Alternatif dengan Pemanfaatan Limbah Cair Kelapa Sawit sebagai Sumber Energi Baru Terbarukan di Kabupaten Kotawaringin Timur. Jurnal Ilmu Lingkungan,14(2,96-102, doi:10.14710/jil.14.2.96-102

A influência das fases oral e faríngea na dinâmica da deglutição

OpenAIRE

Yamada,Elaine Keiko; Siqueira,Karina Oliveira de; Xerez,Denise; Koch,Hilton Augusto; Costa,Milton Melciades B.

2004-01-01

RACIONAL: Embora a dinâmica da deglutição ocorra de forma integrada, a fase oral não tem sido tão valorizada quanto a fase faríngea. OBJETIVOS: Avaliar, através do método videofluoroscópico, a fase oral da deglutição, para observar as características da organização do bolo líquido em voluntários sadios e as variações desta organização em exames de pacientes disfágicos. Estabelecer a inter-relação funcional dos estágios de organização e ejeção oral do bolo. Verificar a presença (ou ausência) d...

Fase de convalecencia en la rehabilitación cardíaca. Protocolo de actuación

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Susana Hernández García

2015-03-01

Full Text Available La fase de convalecencia de la rehabilitación cardíaca tiene como propósito fundamental mejorar la capacidad funcional y fomentar un cambio del estilo de vida a través de todos los aspectos que integra la prevención secundaria fundamentalmente, en la incorporación a un programa de entrenamiento físico y en el control de los factores de riesgo cardiovascular, lo que favorece la reincorporación social y laboral de los enfermos. Con el objetivo de actualizar el protocolo de actuación de esta fase en nuestra institución se establecieron diferentes ejercicios con sus dosificaciones y recomendaciones para la rehabilitación de diferentes poblaciones, así como controles de la sesión de entrenamiento físico a tener en cuenta. Este protocolo permitirá aunar estrategias para mejorar la intervención fisioterapéutica en la fase de convalecencia del Programa Nacional de Rehabilitación Cardíaca en Cuba.

ECO-driving met behulp van serious gaming en social media (fase 1)

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Kuiper, H.; Boonekamp, R.C.; Bijlsma, T.; Jansen, S.T.H.; Obdeijn, C.; Stuiver, A.; Spronkmans, S.; Bijnen, D.; Versteegh, T.

2013-01-01

Dit rapport beschrijft fase 1 van een EL&I cofinancieringstraject waarin onderzoek wordt gedaan naar gedragsbeïnvloeding bij automobilisten om CO2-reductie te bereiken met behulp van Serious gaming en Social Media. Het onderzoek sluit goed aan bij het overheidswerkprogramma “Schoon en Zuinig”

Equilibrio entre fases para la aplicación de solventes verdes en tecnología de alimentos

OpenAIRE

Hernández, Elvis J.

2010-01-01

[ES]: En este trabajo se presentan los resultados obtenidos del estudio (experimental y teórico) del equilibrio entre fases de compuestos alimentarios y solventes verdes, aportando nuevos resultados a los fundamentos de los procesos de separación por contacto en equilibrio de la tecnología de alimentos. Se obtuvieron nuevos datos de equilibrio entre fases, aplicando métodos experimentales a altas presiones (equilibrio líquido – fluido supercrítico, para el disolvente dióxido de carbono) y ...

Voltage controller design for air conditioning; Diseno de controlador de voltaje para aire acondicionado

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Garcia Andrade, R; Lopez Villalobos, J.J; Valderrama Chairez, J; Ramirez, R.L. [Instituto Tecnologico de Nuevo Leon, Guadalupe, Nuevo Leon (Mexico)]. E-mails: roxana_garciaandrade@yahoo.com; xe2n@yahoo.com.mx; jose.valderrama@ieee.org

2013-03-15

This paper discusses the design of a voltage controller for an air conditioning system in order to generate additional power in activation or startup of the system, for which as a first stage is presented the modeling power generation of electric current through alternative means, such as solar energy. The results of this study will be the basis for development of the physical prototype of this system controller. [Spanish] El presente trabajo trata sobre el diseno de un controlador de voltaje para un sistema de aire acondicionado con el fin de generar energia adicional en la activacion o arranque de dicho sistema, para lo cual como primer fase se presenta el modelado de la generacion de corriente electrica mediante medios alternos, como lo es la energia solar. Los resultados de este trabajo seran la base para desarrollo del prototipo fisico de este sistema controlador.

Estudio del comportamiento de una sustancia de cambio de fase con condición de borde convectiva

OpenAIRE

Lozano, Ricardo; Villa Saravia, Luis Tadeo; Bouciguez, Angélica Carmen

2016-01-01

El proceso de fusión - solidificación, ha sido abordado con anterioridad, procurando soluciones a problemas de difusión con cambio de fase, cuando estando inicialmente solidas a la temperatura de fusión son sometidas a un flujo de calor por uno de sus laterales. Un flujo interesante es el convectivo, pues es la forma más realista de entrada o extracción de calor a la sustancia de cambio de fase. Dada esta condición de borde resulta interesante observar el comportamiento de la sustancia, cuand...

Sensibilidade as catecolaminas dos atrios direitos das ratas : influencia das fases do ciclo estral e do "stress"

OpenAIRE

Monica Luiza Viegas Rodrigues

1993-01-01

Resumo: Os objetivos deste trabalho foram: analisar a sensibilidade ao efeito cronotrópico da isoprenalina, noradrenalina e adrenalina de átrios direitos isolados de ratas normais, em cada uma das fases do ciclo estral, ou após 50 minutos de natação, durante o estro ou o diestro; correlacionar as alterações de sensibilidade com as fases do ciclo estral e/ou com os níveis plasmáticos de corticosterona. Utilizamos ratas adultas, Wistar, normais, sedentárias, ou imediatamente após 50 min de nata...

Cálculo termodinámico de los diagramas de fases

OpenAIRE

Pena, Pilar; Aza Pendas, Salvador de

1980-01-01

Partiendo del concepto de energía libre de Gibbs como criterio de equilibrio^e hace una breve introducción sobre las posibilidades de los métodos termodinámicos para el calculo de los diagramas de equilibrio de fases. A continuación se presentan varias aplicaciones concretas para la constmcción de diagramas binarios del tipo de solubilidad sólida completa y del tipo eutéctico.

Virtual endoscopic images by 3D FASE cisternography for neurovascular compression

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ishimori, Takashi; Nakano, Satoru; Kagawa, Masahiro

2003-01-01

Three-dimensional fast asymmetric spin echo (3D FASE) cisternography provides high spatial resolution and excellent contrast as a water image acquisition technique. It is also useful for the evaluation of various anatomical regions. This study investigated the usefulness and limitations of virtual endoscopic images obtained by 3D FASE MR cisternography in the preoperative evaluation of patients with neurovascular compression. The study included 12 patients with neurovascular compression: 10 with hemifacial spasm and two with trigeminal neuralgia. The diagnosis was surgically confirmed in all patients. The virtual endoscopic images obtained were judged to be of acceptable quality for interpretation in all cases. The areas of compression identified in preoperative diagnosis with virtual endoscopic images showed good agreement with those observed from surgery, except in one case in which the common trunk of the anterior inferior cerebellar artery and posterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA-PICA) bifurcated near the root exit zone of the facial nerve. The veins are displayed in some cases but not in others. The main advantage of generating virtual endoscopic images is that such images can be used for surgical simulation, allowing the neurosurgeon to perform surgical procedures with greater confidence. (author)

PENURUNAN KADAR PROTEIN LIMBAH CAIR TAHU DENGAN PEMANFAATAN KARBON BAGASSE TERAKTIVASI (Protein Reduction of Tofu Wastewater Using Activated Carbon Bagasse

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Candra Purnawan

2014-10-01

Full Text Available ABSTRAK Penurunan kadar protein limbah tahu telah dilakukan dengan pemanfaatan karbon Bagasse teraktivasi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kondisi optimum dari karbon teraktivasi NaOH dan H2SO4 dalam menurunkan kadar protein limbah cair tahu dan mengetahui jenis isoterm adsorpsi dari karbon aktif yang digunakan untuk menyerap protein limbah cair tahu. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan konsentrasi NaOH yang optimum untuk aktivasi karbon aktif 15%, massa optimum karbon bagasse teraktivasi NaOH adalah 2 g dan penurunan kadar proteinnya 71,95%, sedangkan massa optimum karbon bagasse teraktivasi H2SO4 adalah 1 g dengan penurunan kadar protein sebesar 38,19%. Waktu kontak optimum karbon bagasse teraktivasi  NaOH dan H2SO4 adalah 12 jam. Adsorpsi protein oleh karbon bagasse teraktivasi NaOH mengikuti isoterm adsorpsi Langmuir dan Freundlich sedangkan karbon bagasse teraktivasi H2SO4 dominan mengikuti isoterm Freundlich.   ABSTRACT The protein reduction of tofu wastewater using activated carbon from bagasse  had been conducted. The purposes of this research were to analysis optimum condition of activated carbon bagsse using NaOH and H2SO4 for reduction protein in tofu wastewater, and analysis adsorption isotherm of activated carbon with protein. The result showed that optimum mass of carbon bagasse activated NaOH was  2 g with 71.95% protein reduction, while carbon bagasse activated H2SO4 has 1 g with 38.19% protein reduction. The optimum contact time between protein and activated carbon (with NaOH and H2SO4 was happened in 12 hours. Adsorption protein with carbon bagasse activated NaOH had followed Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherm, while adsorption with carbon bagasse activated H2SO4 dominantlyhad followed Freundlich adsorption isotherm

Evaluasi Instalasi Pengolahan Air Limbah Hotel X di Surabaya

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Hutomo Dwi Prabowo

2017-03-01

Full Text Available Hotel X merupakan salah satu hotel bintang 4 di Surabaya yang memiliki sarana pengolahan limbah cair dengan kualitas effluent belum memenuhi baku mutu Peraturan Gubernur Jawa Timur No. 72 tahun 2013. Berdasarkan hasil pelaporan pengujian kualitas effluent Instalasi Pengolahan Air Limbah (IPAL Hotel X pada 11 Juni 2015 diketahui bahwa salah satu parameter kualitas effluent tidak memenuhi baku mutu. Parameter tersebut adalah COD dengan konsentrasi sebesar 71,684 mg/l. Oleh karena itu perlu dilakukan evaluasi terhadap IPAL yang ada. Unit yang dievaluasi terdiri dari bak ekualisasi, tangki aerasi, dan bak pengendap 2 dengan sistem activated sludge. Unit-unit ini dievaluasi terhadap efisiensi dan efektivitas masing-masing bangunan. Sampel yang diuji diambil dari influent dan effluent tiap bangunan untuk mengetahui tingkat penyisihan dari tiap bangunan. Hasil evaluasi berupa perubahan fungsi unit, modifikasi unit, dan juga penambahan unit baru.yang direncanakan agar kualitas effluent IPAL Hotel X memenuhi baku mutu. Biaya yang dibutuhkan untuk perencanaan sesuai hasil evaluasi adalah Rp. 297.960.000,-

Exigência de metionina + cistina para frangas de reposição na fase cria de sete a 12 semanas de idade

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P. D'Agostini

2012-12-01

Full Text Available Determinou-se a exigência de metionina + cistina para frangas de sete a 12 semanas de idade e verificou-se seu efeito sobre a fase de postura. O experimento foi dividido em duas fases, de cria e de produção, esta de 22 a 33 semanas de idade. Na primeira fase, utilizaram-se 640 aves - 50% Lohmann LSL e 50% Lohmann Brown - com sete a 12 semanas de idade, distribuídas em delineamento inteiramente ao acaso, em esquema fatorial 5x2 (porcentagem de met+cis e linhagem, com quatro repetições e 16 aves por repetição. As porcentagens de met+cis total estudadas foram 0,471; 0,541; 0,611; 0,681 e 0,751%. Ao atingirem 22 semanas de idade, 240 aves foram utilizadas para verificar o efeito residual das dietas fornecidas na fase de cria. A dieta fornecida nesta fase foi igual para todas as aves. As exigências de metionina + cistina para aves de reposição, leves e semipesadas, no período de sete a 12 semanas de idade, foram de 0,710 % de met+cis total (0,639% de met+cis digestível e 0,706% de met+cis total (0,635% de met+cis digestível, respectivamente.

ELEKTRODEKOLORISASI LIMBAH CAIR PEWARNA BATIK DENGAN MEMANFAATKAN BATANG KARBON DARI LIMBAH BATERAI BEKAS

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MSK Amal

2017-03-01

Full Text Available Rhodamin B (RhB, indogosol dan naphtol merupakan zat warna pada industri batik. Metode elektrodekolorisasi merupakan suatu proses elektrokimia untuk menghilangkan zat warna dengan menggunakan arus listrik searah. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menurunkan konsentrasi limbah cair pewarna batik secara optimum menggunakan metode elektrodekolorisasi dengan memanfaatkan batang karbon baterai bekas. Limbah cair batik yang diuji adalah rhodamin B (RhB, naphtol blue black dan indigosol sebagai sumber limbah pewarna. Katoda sel elektrokimia berupa batang karbon berasal dari baterai bekas dan anodanya berupa lempeng besi. Optimalisasi pada proses degradasi pewarna ini dilakukan pada variasi arus, pH dan jarak elektrode. Variasi arus diatur pada 3, 5 dan 7 A; variasi pH pada 3, 5, 7, 9, dan 11; serta variasi jarak elektrode pada jarak 1; 1,5 dan 2 cm. Penurunan konsentrasi pewarna rhodamin B (RhB menunjukkan keadaan jarak, pH dan arus optimum berturut turut 1 cm, pH 9 dan arus 7 A sebesar 78,68%. Penurunan konsentrasi pewarna indigosol pada keadaan jarak, pH dan arus optimum berturut turut 1 cm, pH 11 dan arus 7 A sebesar 95,90 %, sedangkan pewarna naphtol blue black menunjukkan keadaan jarak, pH dan arus optimum berturut turut 1 cm, pH 9 dan arus 7 A sebesar 74,15 %.Rhodamine B (RhB, indogosol and naphtol dyes are used in batik industries. Electrodecolorization method is an electrochemical process to remove the dye using direct current. The purpose of this study is to decrease the concentration of the liquid waste of batik dye optimally by electrodecolorization method by utilizing the carbon rods of used batteries. The batik liquid waste is rhodamine B (RhB, naphtol blue black and indigosol as a source of dye. Electrochemical cell cathode in the form of carbon rod derived from used batteries and anode in the form of iron plate. Optimization in dye degradation process is done on the variation of the current, pH and distance of two electrodes. Current

Tingkat Keamanan Konsumsi Residu Karbamat dalam Buah dan Sayur Menurut Analisis Pascakolom Kromatografi Cair Kinerja Tinggi

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Bambang Wispriyono

2013-02-01

Full Text Available Karbamat merupakan salah satu jenis pestisida yang banyak digunakan untuk membasmi hama buah dan sayur. Untuk menentukan bahwa residu karbamat dalam sayuran masih aman dikonsumsi manusia, telah dilakukan analisis beberapa residu karbamat seperti metomil, karbaril, karbofuran, dan propoksur. Sampel-sampel tomat, apel, selada air, kubis, dan sawi hijau dikumpulkan dari tiga supermarket dan satu pasar tradisional di Depok, Jawa Barat. Analisis dilakukan serempak untuk ke empat residu karbamat menggunakan kromatografi cair kinerja tinggi denganpereaksi o-ftalaldehida dan 2-merkaptoetanol dalam reaktor pascakolom dengan detektor fluoresensi. Dari sampel-sampel buah dan sayur yang dianalisis, hanya sawi hijau asal pasar tradisional yang positif mengandung propoksur dengan kadar 1,2 mg/25 gram berat basah (0,048 mg/g berat basah. Dengan Acceptable Daily Intake(ADI propoksur 0,005 mg/kg berat badan/hari, konsumsi sawi hijau harian seberat 20 g/hari masih cukup aman dari gangguan kesehatan akibat pajanan kronik propoksur dengan margin of safety 298,7 (> 100 sebagai batas aman. Carbamat is a group of pesticides which is commonly used to control fruits and vegetables pests. To determine that carbamat residues in fruits and vegetables are safe for human consumption, carbamate residues such as methomyl, carbaryl, carbofuran, and propoxur in vegetables and fruits have been analyzed. Samples of tomato, apple, water lettuces, cabbage, and mustard greens were collected from three supermarkets and one traditional market in Depok, West Java. The analysis was carried out simultaneously for all four carbamate residues by high performance liquid chromatography using o-phtaladehyde and 2 mercaptoethanol reagents in post-column reactor with a fluorescence detector. Of fruits and vegetable samples analyzed, only mustard greens from traditional market positively containe propoxur at 1.2 mg/ 25 gram wet weight (0,048 mg/gram wet weight. With Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI

Primeiro consenso brasileiro do tratamento da fase aguda do acidente vascular cerebral

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

2001-01-01

Full Text Available Este texto apresenta a síntese das conclusões do Iº Consenso Brasileiro do Tratamento da Fase Aguda do Acidente Vascular Cerebral (AVC. Tratou-se de reunião patrocinada e coordenada pela Sociedade Brasileira de Doenças Cerebrovasculares, com neurologistas especializados nas doenças cerebrovasculares, que analisaram os principais itens da conduta dos AVC.

Automatización de procesos de generación y medición de fases geométricas

OpenAIRE

Verástegui Salvador, Francis Luis

2016-01-01

Dentro de los diversos temas que investiga el grupo de óptica cuántica de la PUCP, se encuentra el estudio teórico y experimental de fases geométricas. La fase geométrica es estudiada a través de los métodos interferométrico y polarimétrico que dependen de la disposición de los componentes ópticos (placas retardadoras, polarizadores, etc.) según el arreglo experimental. Con estos componentes ópticos se logran manipular los estados de polarización de la luz. Para ello es de suma...

Automatización de Proceso de Generación y Medición de Fases Geométricas.

OpenAIRE

Verástegui Salvador, Francis Luis

2016-01-01

RESUMEN Dentro de los diversos temas que investiga el grupo de óptica cuántica de la PUCP, se encuentra el estudio teórico y experimental de fases geométricas. La fase geométrica es estudiada a través de los métodos interferométrico y polarimétrico que dependen de la disposición de los componentes ópticos (placas retardadoras, polarizadores, etc.) según el arreglo experimental. Con estos componentes ópticos se logran manipular los estados de polarización de la luz. Para ello es de suma im...

FASES DE RESOLUCIÓN DE UNA SITUACIÓN-PROBLEMA UTILIZANDO ELEMENTOS DE COMPETENCIAS

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Ester Ruda

2012-01-01

Full Text Available El objetivo de este trabajo fue analizar las fases utilizadas para resolver una situación-problema a través de elementos de competencias en el proceso de enseñanza y aprendizaje de una asignatura universitaria. Se analizan las fases a desarrollar (análisis de la situación-problema, identificación de los esquemas de actuación, selección, disposición y aplicación estratégica de los esquemas de actuación; conocimiento, dominio y transferencia de los componentes de la competencia y las evidencias de logro del dominio de los componentes de la competencia. Se aplican los conceptos a un ejemplo para una asignatura del ciclo superior de una carrera relacionada con la química y se discuten los resultados obtenidos. La resolución de una situación-problema implica que los alumnos han adquirido elementos de competencias, han sorteado distintos pasos que implican el dominio de procedimientos que aparecen en toda acción competente y han aplicado interrelacionadamente contenidos conceptuales, actitudinales y procedimentales.

Barrido de frecuencia en coordenadas de fase Frequency scan on phase-coordinates

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Ignacio Pérez Abril

2012-02-01

Full Text Available El análisis de redes eléctricas ha transitado de modelos en componentes de secuencia a modelos en coordenadas de fase. La formulación del barrido de frecuencia en coordenadas de fase, además de facilitar la modelación más precisa de las redes desequilibradas, permite especificar inyecciones armónicas de cualquier tipo: monofásicas o trifásicas de la secuencia deseada. Por lo que puede estudiarse el efecto de las cargas no lineales de acuerdo a sus características y conexión al circuito. El presente trabajo desarrolla el modelo en coordenadas de fase de una red eléctrica, considerando la representación de bancos de transformadores monofásicos de tres o dos transformadores, así como otros tipos de asimetrías que pueden encontrarse en los sistemas eléctricos de instalaciones industriales, de edificios comerciales o de servicio. El modelo desarrollado se prueba con un ejemplo sencillo de un sistema delta a cuatro hilos que permite destacar las posibilidades del modelo.The electric networks analysis has upgraded from the sequence components frame models to the phase- coordinates frame models. The formulation of the frequency scan method in a phase- coordinates frame, besides allowing for a more accurate modeling of unbalanced networks, allows the specification of harmonic injections of any type: single-phase or three-phase of the desired sequence. Therefore, it is possible to study the effect of the non-linear loads according to its features and connection to the circuit. This paper develops the phase-coordinates model of a distribution power system, considering the representation of three-phase transformer banks of three or two single-phase transformers, as well as other asymmetries that can be found in the electrical systems of industrial plants, commercial or service facilities. The frequency scan based on the presented model is tested with a simple example of a four-wire delta system that highlights the possibilities of the model

Barrido de frecuencia en coordenadas de fase; Frequency scan on phase-coordinates

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Ignacio Pérez Abril

2014-04-01

Full Text Available El análisis de redes eléctricas ha transitado de modelos en componentes de secuencia a modelos en coordenadas de fase. La formulación del barrido de frecuencia en coordenadas de fase, además de facilitar la modelación más precisa de las redes desequilibradas, permite especificar inyecciones armónicas de cualquier tipo: monofásicas o trifásicas de la secuencia deseada. Por lo que puede estudiarse el efecto de las cargas no lineales de acuerdo a sus características y conexión al circuito. El presente trabajo desarrolla el modelo en coordenadas de fase de una red eléctrica, considerando la representación de bancos de transformadores monofásicos de tres o dos transformadores, así como otros tipos de asimetrías que pueden encontrarse en los sistemas eléctricos de instalaciones industriales, de edificios comerciales o de servicio. El modelo desarrollado se prueba con un ejemplo sencillo de un sistema delta a cuatro hilos que permite destacar las posibilidades del modelo.  The electric networks analysis has upgraded from the sequence components frame models to the phase- coordinates frame models. The formulation of the frequency scan method in a phase- coordinates frame, besides allowing for a more accurate modeling of unbalanced networks, allows the specification of harmonic injections of any type: single-phase or three-phase of the desired sequence. Therefore, it is possible to study the effect of the non-linear loads according to its features and connection to the circuit. This paper develops the phase-coordinates model of a distribution power system, considering the representation of three-phase transformer banks of three or two single-phase transformers, as well as other asymmetries that can be found in the electrical systems of industrial plants, commercial or service facilities. The frequency scan based on the presented model is tested with a simple example of a four-wire delta system that highlights the possibilities of the

SINTESE DA FASE SODALITA COM O USO DO CAULIM DA REGIÃO BORBOREMA-SERIDÓ (RN/PB ATIVADO TERMICAMENTE

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Cássia Guerra Marques Santos

2012-10-01

Full Text Available A fase mineral sodalita foi obtida com sucesso a partir de reações hidrotérmicas com o uso de caulim proveniente da região Borborema-Seridó (RN/PB, hidróxido e carbonato de sódio. Desse modo, o caulim, com granulometria menor que 37 μm, foi tratado inicialmente em diferentes temperaturas. A calcinação foi realizada nas temperaturas de 500, 700 e 900°C com o objetivo de formar a metacaulinita. Os produtos calcinados foram submetidos à síntese hidrotermal por 1 e 4h, no qual foram utilizados Na2CO3 e NaOH. De acordo com os resultados, nos caulins calcinados a 700 e 900°C ocorreu a completa transição de fase da caulinita para a metacaulinita e, para a síntese no qual utilizou o caulim calcinado a 700°C ocorreu a formação da fase zeolítica sodalita básica caracterizada por difração de raios X e espectroscopia vibracional no infravermelho que mostrara picos e bandas intensas e definidas indicando maior cristalinidade do material.

KAJIAN STRATEGI PROMOSI KESEHATAN SANITASI TOTAL BERBASIS MASYARAKAT (STBM DI KELURAHAN TIRTO KECAMATAN PEKALONGAN BARAT KOTA PEKALONGAN

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Yulis Indriyani

2016-07-01

Full Text Available Latar Belakang: Sanitasi Total Berbasis Masyarakat (STBM merupakan pendekatan untuk mengubah perilaku higienis dan saniter melalui pemberdayaan masyarakat dengan cara pemicuan. Fenomena yang terjadi di Kelurahan Tirto masih terdapat perilaku BABS sebanyak 84 KK, perilaku buang sampah secara sembarangan (di lahan kosong dan sungai, dan mengalirkan limbah cair rumah tangga (limbah deterjen dan air bekas mandi ke sungai. Tujuan penelitian: Mengkaji secara mendalam strategi promosi kesehatan (advokasi, bina suasana, dan pemberdayaan masyarakat STBM di Kelurahan Tirto Kecamatan Pekalongan Barat Kota Pekalongan. Rancangan penelitian ini menggunakan metode studi kasus dengan desain eksploratoris kualitatif. Hasil penelitian: Pencapaian lima pilar  STBM di Kelurahan Tirto belum maksimal yaitu pada pilar stop BABS dan pilar pengelolaan limbah cair rumah tangga secara aman. Terdapat beberapa hambatan yang mempengaruhi hasil capaian tersebut diantaranya konsistensi komitmen yang tegas belum diterapkan bagi pelaku yang mengalirkan pembuangan feses ke sungai, belum adanya pelatihan teknis STBM bagi tokoh masyarakat, metode CLTS bersifat terbatas di satu RW, dan masyarakat Kelurahan Tirto belum mengoptimalkan swadaya atau iuran secara kolektif untuk menyediakan penambahan sarana sanitasi berupa septic tank dan bak penampungan. Saran: Pertama, penerapan punishment dari Kelurahan Tirto untuk mencapai Kelurahan ODF bagi pelaku yang mengalirkan pembuangan feses ke sungai. Kedua, pertemuan untuk menjalin koordinasi antara Pemerintah Kota Pekalongan dan Pemerintah Kabupaten Pekalongan untuk bersama mengelola limbah cair rumah tangga secara aman. Ketiga,  pelatihan teknis STBM bagi tokoh masyarakat untuk mencapai perilaku buang air besar secara sehat di Kelurahan Tirto. Keempat, penambahan bak penampungan limbah cair rumah tangga melalui swadaya masyarakat.

The benefits and costs of reducing emissions from the electricity sector.

Science.gov (United States)

Palmer, Karen; Burtraw, Dallas; Shih, Jhih-Shyang

2007-04-01

Recent federal policy proposals to reduce emissions of sulfur dioxide (SO(2)), nitrogen oxides (NO(x)), and mercury from the US electricity sector promise important improvements in air quality and reductions in acid deposition. The cost of achieving these reductions depends on the form and stringency of the regulation. In this research, we analyze the economic benefits and costs of the US Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA's) Clean Air Interstate Rule (CAIR) as characterized in the supplemental rule proposed in June 2004, and the Clean Air Mercury Rule (CAMR) as proposed in February 2004. The assessment integrates a model of the electricity sector, two models of atmospheric transport of air pollutants, and a model of environmental and public health endpoints affected by pollution. We model explicitly the emissions of SO(2), NO(x), mercury and carbon dioxide (CO(2)) and the effects of changes in emissions of SO(2) and NO(x) on environmental and public health. The manner in which mercury emissions are regulated will have important implications not only for the cost of the regulation, but also for emission levels for SO(2) and NO(x) and where those emissions are located. We find the economic benefits of CAIR and CAMR are far greater than the costs. Recent estimates of benefits of reductions in mercury and acidification indicate that our model captures the lion's share of quantifiable benefits. We also find that the EPA would have been justified on economic grounds in pursuing additional SO(2) emissions reductions beyond the requirements of CAIR.

Obtención del punto de equilibrio de reacciones en fase gaseosa

OpenAIRE

Ewerts S., M.

2009-01-01

Castellan (Physical Chenaistry, la ed, . p 214) indica un método gráfico para hallar la coordenada de reacción a partir de los potenciales químicos Lt(T,P) para una reacción en fase gaseosa. El método, que posiblemente se presta bien al estudio de equilibrios simples, esincómodo cuando se quiere aplicar por ejemplo a la reacción.

Studi Perbandingan Komposisi Asam Lemak Daging Ikan Sidat (Anguilla marmorata (Q. Gaimard Fase Yellow Eel Dari Sungai Palu Dan Danau Poso

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Jamaluddin Jamaluddin

2018-04-01

Full Text Available Ikan sidat (Anguilla marmorata (Q. Gaimard memiliki keunggulan gizi atau nutrisi yang tinggi seperti vitamin A, vitamin B, vitamin C, vitamin D, vitamin E, protein, mineral, dan asam lemak yang baik bagi kesehatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan kadar asam lemak, dan membandingkan komposisi asam lemak dari ikan sidat fase yellow eel asal sungai Palu dan danau Poso. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kromatografi gas dengan mengubah ekstrak lemak menjadi metil ester asam lemak. Hasil analisis komposisi asam lemak daging ikan sidat (Anguilla marmorata (Q. Gaimard fase yellow eel asal sungai Palu dan Danau Poso menunjukan kadar asam lemak jenuh masing-masing 2,766g/100g dan 0,275g/100g; asam lemak tak jenuh tunggal 4,029g/100g dan 0,276g/100g; dan asam lemak tak jenuh ganda 0,541g/100g dan 0,102g/100g. Terdapat perbedaan secara statistik (p<0.05 komposisi dan kadar asam lemak antara daging ikan sidat fase yellow eel asal sungai Palu dan danau Poso. Komposisi asam lemak ikan sidat fase yellow eel asal sungai Palu dan danau Poso masing-masing adalah 23 dan 18 jenis. Asam lemak yang ditemukan pada daging ikan sidat sungai Palu dan tidak ditemukan pada ikan sidat danau Poso adalah asam heneikosenoat, asam miristoleat, Cis-10-pentadekanoat, asam gamma linoleat, dan Cis-11,14,17-eikosatrinoat.

Microestrutura, fases cristalinas e propriedades elétricas de porcelanas aluminosas contendo diferentes concentrações de Fe2O3sinterizadas em atmosfera redutora e oxidante

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D. H. Piva

2015-09-01

Full Text Available ResumoPorcelanas aluminosas contendo diferentes concentrações de Fe2O3 foram sinterizadas em atmosfera oxidante e redutora. A microestrutura e fases formadas foram investigadas com o auxílio de difração de raios X e microscopia eletrônica de varredura. Espectroscopia de impedância foi utilizada para estudar as propriedades elétricas. Os resultados indicaram que todas as amostras apresentaram mulita e coríndon como fases majoritárias e pequenas frações de quartzo. A adição de Fe2O3 provocou o surgimento de hematita nas amostras sinterizadas em atmosfera oxidante e, ferro metálico nas amostras contendo > 3%p sinterizadas em atmosfera redutora. Os espectros de impedância indicam que as características da fase vítrea e interface entre fase vítrea /fases cristalinas regem o comportamento elétrico global das amostras. Não obstante, diferentes atmosferas de queima provocam efeitos opostos na resistividade elétrica das porcelanas contendo Fe2O3. A presença de hematita foi considerada a responsável pela diminuição da resistividade elétrica nas amostras sinterizadas em atmosfera oxidante, enquanto que o aumento na resistividade elétrica das amostras sinterizadas em atmosfera redutora foi atribuído à elevada quantidade de fase vítrea e porosidade. Estes resultados indicam que atmosfera redutora durante a queima pode favorecer o uso de matérias-primas com maiores concentrações de Fe2O3, desde que todo óxido de ferro tenha se dissolvido na fase liquida durante a queima.

ESTIMATIVA DA FASE DO CICLO ESTRAL POR CITOLOGIA VAGINAL EM CADELAS (Canis familiaris, LINNAEUS, 1758) DA REGIÃO DE ITUVERAVA-SP

OpenAIRE

Ferreira da Costa, Elaine Cristina; Fafram; Léga, Elzylene; Fafram; Neves, Letícia; Fafram

2009-01-01

O ciclo estral da cadela se divide em fases sucessivas e individualizadas, sendo elas: proestro, estro, metaestro e diestro, seguido de anestro. Estas fases podem ser diferenciadas por exames hormonais ou citológicos, o que permite estimar o período de fertilidade, distúrbios do ciclo estral e inatividade sexual. Desta forma, o presente trabalho teve o intuito de realizar exames citológicos vaginais em cadelas e identificar seus escores reprodutivos. Para tanto, foram realizados exames em 91 ...

La deglaciación de la alta montaña. Morfología, evolución y fases morfogenéticas glaciares en el macizo del Posets (Pirineo Aragonés)

OpenAIRE

Serrano Cañadas, Enrique; Agudo Garrido, Carlos; González Trueba, Juan José

2002-01-01

RESUMEN.El Posets es un macizo de alta montaña prácticamente deglaciado, donde las formas glaciares dominan en un medio crionival actual. Mediante la elaboración de la cartografía geomorfológica, la reconstrucción de las distintas fases glaciares y la estimación de los límites de equilibrio glaciar de cada fase, se establece la evolución de la deglaciación y la transición de un medio glaciar a periglaciar. Se han detectado cinco fases morfogenéticas principales en la alta montaña, Fase I, Ple...

Obtención del punto de equilibrio de reacciones en fase gaseosa

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M. Ewerts S.

2009-05-01

Full Text Available Castellan (Physical Chenaistry, la ed, . p 214 indica un método gráfico para hallar la coordenada de reacción a partir de los potenciales químicos Lt(T,P para una reacción en fase gaseosa. El método, que posiblemente se presta bien al estudio de equilibrios simples, esincómodo cuando se quiere aplicar por ejemplo a la reacción.

El retrato de fase como una herramienta de análisis del comportamiento motor

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Rosa Angulo-Barroso

2016-04-01

Full Text Available Existe un gran número de investigaciones centradas en la adquisición y perfeccionamiento de habilidades motrices. Estas investigaciones intentan explicar cuál es la fuente y los procesos de cambio de los comportamientos motores que permiten al individuo adquirir o perfeccionar una habilidad. La ventaja de la Teoría de los Sistemas Dinámicos (TSD como marco de referencia es la inclusión de un análisis contextual en el proceso de aprendizaje. El objetivo de este artículo es dar a conocer una metodología llamada retrato de fase, la cual facilita el estudio del comportamiento motor basándose en los principios de la TSD. Datos biomecánicos tratados con una técnica de reducción adecuada constituyen una buena herramienta para describir y entender los cambios que suceden en el comportamiento motor. Los retratos de fase, mediante un gráfico (posición angular, velocidad angular, son capaces de capturar el complejo juego de fuerzas que influyen en el comportamiento motor. En este artículo, las formas de las trayectorias de los gráficos nos indicaron: (1 cómo el organismo se comporta durante la realización de las habilidades motoras analizadas mostrando sus patrones generales; (2 las singularidades poblacionales (con deficiencias y sin deficiencias o individuales; (3 los comportamientos adquiridos en el proceso de aprendizaje (novato y experto; y (4 los cambios producidos por manipulación del entorno. No obstante, los retratos de fase aunque muy útiles para resumir el comportamiento motor, no son representaciones completas del mismo y deberíamos completarlos con otras técnicas de análisis.

L’anàlisi de conglomerats bietàpic o en dues fases amb SPSS

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Maria-José Rubio-Hurtado

2017-01-01

Full Text Available El procediment d'anàlisi de conglomerats en dues fases, també anomenat bietàpic, és una eina d'exploració dissenyada per descobrir les agrupacions naturals d'un conjunt de dades. Permet la generació de criteris d'informació, freqüències dels conglomerats i estadístics descriptius per conglomerat, així com gràfics de barres, sectors i gràfics d'importància de les variables. El mètode d'anàlisi de conglomerats en dues fases té unes funcions úniques respecte a altres mètodes de conglomeració tradicionals, com són: un procediment automàtic del nombre òptim de conglomerats, la possibilitat de crear models de conglomerats amb variables tant categòriques com contínues, o la possibilitat de treballar amb arxius de dades de grans dimensions.

NECESSIDADES BÁSICAS DAS ESPOSAS DE PACIENTES INFARTADOS, NA FASE AGUDA DO TRATAMENTO

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Edna Ikumi Umebayashi Takahashi

Full Text Available Trata-se de um estudo exploratório que teve por finalidade identificar as necessidades básicas das esposas de pacientes infartados, na fase aguda do tratamento. Foi utilizado como referencial para análise os conceitos de Necessidades Básicas de Maslow. Os resultados permitiram identificar como principais necessidades afetadas das esposas: segurança, amor e gregária, estima.

Formación de fase sigma en uniones soldadas de acero inoxidable súper dúplex fundido

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Garin, J. L.

2011-08-01

Full Text Available This paper decribes the microstructural characteristics of weldments of cast super duplex stainless steel (J93404, being subjected to annealing processes to induce formation of sigma-phase at high temperatures. The influence of heating time at 1073 K, 1123 K and 1173 K upon precipitation of sigma in the heat affected zone, base metal and fusion zone of the weldments was analyzed. The experimental results revealed the formation of this intermetallic compound throughout decomposition of the ferritic phase into austenite and sigma. At earlier stages of the transformation the phase rapidly nucleates and growth along the ferrite-austenite grain boundaries, and then massively advances towards the bulk of the ferritic zone with greater effectiveness as temperature increases. The formation of sigma-phase in all weldments resembles the Johnson-Mehl-Avrami’s mechanism stated for nucleation and growth.

El presente trabajo describe las características microestructurales de uniones soldadas de acero súper dúplex fundido (J93404, al ser sometidas a procesos de recocido para inducir la formación de fase sigma a altas temperaturas. Se analizó la influencia del tiempo de calentamiento a 1.073 K, 1.123 K y 1.173 K sobre la precipitación de fase sigma en la zona afectada térmicamente, metal base y zona de fusión de los conjuntos soldados. Los resultados experimentales evidenciaron la formación de este compuesto intermetálico por descomposición de la fase ferrítica en austenita y sigma. Al comienzo de la transformación la fase nuclea y crece rápidamente en los bordes de grano austenita-ferrita, extendiéndose luego masivamente hacia el seno de la zona ferrítica, con mayor efectividad en términos del aumento de la temperatura de proceso. La formación de sigma en todas las uniones soldadas obedece a un mecanismo de nucleación y crecimiento del tipo Jonson-Mehl-Avrami.

Morfogénesis de la fase sexual del helecho Arachniodes denticulata (Dryopteridaceae

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Aniceto Mendoza

1999-12-01

Full Text Available Se describe la morfología de la espora y desarrollo de la fase sexual de Arachniodes denticulata (Sw. Ching. El material fue recolectado en los estados de Hidalgo, Oaxaca y Veracruz, México (una muestra por cada localidad. Las esporas fueron sembradas en medio de Thompson con agar (30 cajas. Sus esporas son monoletes con perina, elipsoidales, no clorofílicas. Su germinación es tipo Vittaria y su desarrollo protálico tipo Aspidium, el gametofito adulto es cordiforme-espatulado a cordiforme-reniforme; presentan tricomas marginales y superficiales, unicelulares, capitados; los rizoides no tienen cloroplastos; sus gametangios son del tipo común de los helechos leptosporangiados. Después de 200 días de haber sido sembradas las esporas, no se formaron esporofitos. Se concluye que A. denticulata comparte características comunes con A. aristata, A. assamica y con especies de los géneros Cyrtomium, Dryopteris, Polystichum, como son el tipo de germinación y desarrollo protálico, así como la presencia de tricomas unicelulares desde jóvenes protalos. Mientras que Didymochlaena truncatula difiere de las anteriores por presentar un patrón de desarrollo protálico tipo Adiantum y por la ausencia de tricomas en toda su fase sexual.Spore morphology and sexual fase development of Arachniodes denticulata (Sw. Ching are described from material collected in states of Hidalgo, Oaxaca and Veracruz, Mexico (one sample from each locality. The spores were sown in Thompson medium with agar (30 Petri dishes. The spores are monolete, with perine, ellipsoid in shape and non chlorophyllic. The germination is Vittaria-type and the prothallial development Aspidium-type; the gametophytes are cordiform-spatulate to cordiform-reniform in shape, with unicellular capitate trichome in margin and surface; rhizoids without chloroplasts; gametangia are the common type in leptosporangiate homosporous ferns. No sporophytes were observed after 200 days of culture. It is

Uso da Valeriana officinalis em dietas de codornas japonesas na fase de postura

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Rodrigo Antonio Gravena

2009-06-01

Full Text Available http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/2175-7925.2009v22n4p185 Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito da Valeriana officinalis sobre o estresse de codornas japonesas na fase postura, analisando-se parâmetros de desempenho, comportamental e fisiolόgico. Foram utilizadas 192 aves dos 43 aos 140 dias de idade, distribuídas em blocos casualizados e submetidas a quatro níveis de valeriana (controle, 250, 500 e 750mg/Ng de ração com oito repetições e seis aves por parcela. Foram avaliados parâmetros de desempenho (conversão alimentar por dúzia de ovos, conversão alimentar por massa de ovos, consumo de ração, peso dos ovos, porcentagem de postura e viabilidade, comportamentais (tempo em imobilidade tônica, observação focal e ferimentos corporais e fisiolόgicos (níveis plasmáticos de corticosterona e relação heterόfilo:linfόcito. Os resultados obtidos na fase de postura demonstraram que a valeriana adicionada na dieta não foi capaz de reduzir o estresse das aves e não afetou o desempenho produtivo.

Pencapaian Fase Embriosomatik Manggis (Garcinia mangostana L. dengan Penambahan Thidiazuron dalam Medium Setengah MS Cair

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Innaka Ageng Rineksane

2016-02-01

Full Text Available One of the problems related to the establishment of mangosteen plantation is to obtain seedlings throughout the year, which can be solved by micropropagation.   The propagation of Mangosteen was done through somatic embryogenesis. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of Thidiazuron concentration in ½ MS medium to achieve somatic embryo stages of mangosteen seed. The study consisted of two experiments. Experiment 1: The embryogenic callus c.a.1 g derived from MS solid medium containing of Thidiazuron (0,1; 0,5; dan 1 mg/l and 2,4-Dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (4,6,8 dan 10 mg/l was subcultured into ½ MS0 liquid medium. 2. The embryogenic callus from the previous medium were subcultured into ½ MS liquid medium containing Thidiazuron (0, 1, 2, 4 dan 8 mg/L and Casein hydrolysate 500 mg/L. The results showed that cell suspension were developed after mangosteen embryogenic callus subcultured into ½ MS0 liquid medium.  Somatic embryo stages such as globular, heart and torpedo were formed after the calli derived from the previous ½ MS solid medium containing 10 mg/L 2,4-D and 1 mg/L Thidiazuron were subcultured into ½ MS0 liquid medium in 8 weeks.  Cell suspension in ½ MS liquid medium with or without the addition of  Thidiazuron and Casein hydrolysate has induced the formation of embryo somatic stages such as globular, heart and torpedo after 6 months of incubation.

Transformaciones de fase en aleaciones Zn-22%Al-2%Cu y Zn-22%Al-2%Cu-X (X = 1, 2 y 3%Ag envejecidas isotérmicamente

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Flores-Ramos, Alfredo

2014-12-01

Full Text Available The study of phase transformations that take place in Zn-22%Al-2%Cu and Zn-22%Al-2%Cu-X (X = 1, 2 and 3%Ag alloys was carried out using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM. Alloys were homogenized at 350 °C during 10 days and quenched at ~2 °C. Subsequently, samples were aged at 200 °C for different times. The initial microstructure consists in a matrix of fine equiaxial grains of α and η phases for all the alloys. Besides isolated particles of ε and Φ were observed without and with Ag addition, respectively. During the aging, the four phase reaction, α + ε→η + τ’, takes place to obtain the equilibrium η, α and τ’ phases. However, the Ag addition promotes the formation of the Φ phase, which retards or inhibits the four phase reaction. The stability of the Φ phase is obtained with 3%Ag, which could improve the dimensional stability of the alloy for future industrial applications.En el presente estudio sobre las transformaciones de fase en las aleaciones Zn-22%Al-2%Cu y Zn-22%Al-2%Cu-X (X = 1, 2 y 3%Ag se utilizó Difracción de Rayos X (DRX y Microscopía Electrónica de Barrido (MEB. Las aleaciones fueron homogeneizadas a 350 °C durante 10 días, templadas a ~2 °C y posteriormente envejecidas a 200 °C durante diferentes tiempos. Todas las aleaciones ensayadas presentaron una microestructura inicial formada por una matriz de granos finos y equiaxiales de las fases α y η. Además, para las aleaciones sin Ag se observa la presencia de partículas de la fase ε (CuZn4 y de Φ ((Ag, Cu Zn4 en las que se adicionó Ag. Durante el envejecido, ocurre la reacción de cuatro fases, α + ε→η + τ’, para obtener las fases de equilibrio η, α y τ’. Sin embargo, la adición de Ag promueve la formación de la fase Φ, la cual retarda e incluso inhibe la reacción de cuatro fases. La estabilidad de la fase Φ se obtiene con 3%Ag, lo que podría mejorar la estabilidad dimensional de la aleación para

Evaluation of digesters in the Netherlands. Phase 2; Evaluatie van de vergisters in Nederland. Fase 2

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Velghe, F.; Wierinck, I. [Organic Waste Systems, Gent (Belgium)

2013-10-15

The goal of phase 1 was mapping the digestion sector, including the current bottlenecks. All digestion plants with a grant decision by NL Agency were contacted to support this study. 79 plant operators participated to the comprehensive questionnaire. The phase 1 study relates to the year 2010 and consequently does not include new developments such as green gas. In this report (phase 2) the results of monitoring of 20 digesters for a year are presented. The focus was on cost effectiveness and optimization of the digestion process [Dutch] Een gezonde en kosteneffectieve vergistingssector is van belang voor verdere ontwikkeling van de vergistingsketen. De basis voor deze inventarisatie was een enquete (fase 1). Dat rapport baseerde zich op gegevens van installaties die in 2010 volledig in bedrijf waren. In fase 2 is een twintigtal vergisters een jaar lang gemonitord. De nadruk ligt hier op het verbeteren van de kosteneffectiviteit van het vergistingproces door procesoptimalisatie.

TransiÃÃes de fase em monocristais de D-Metionina

OpenAIRE

Wanessa David Canedo Melo

2012-01-01

Nesse trabalho investigamos as propriedades vibracionais em monocristais D-Metionina, utilizando as espectroscopias Raman e Infravermelho. As medidas de espectroscopia Raman foram realizadas sob a variaÃÃo de pressÃo hidrostÃtica no intervalo de 0GPA atà 7GPa, mostraram duas transiÃÃes de fase, uma por volta 2.0GPa e outra em 2.5GPa, as quais foram detectadas no espectro Raman atravÃs das mudanÃas exibidas pelos picos associados principalmente Ãs vibraÃÃes atribuÃdas à carboxila (CO2-), amina...

Necessidades básicas das esposas de pacientes infartados na fase aguda do tratamento

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Edna Ikumi Umebayashi Takahashi

1990-12-01

Full Text Available Trata-se de um estudo exploratório que teve por finalidade as necessidades básicas das esposas de pacientes infartados, na fase aguda do tratamento. Foi utlizado como referencial para análise os conceitos de Nacessidades Básicas de MASLOW. Os resultados permitiram identificar como principais necessidades afetadas das esposas: segurança, amor e gregária, estima.

Necessidades básicas das esposas de pacientes infartados na fase aguda do tratamento

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Edna Ikumi Umebayashi Takahashi

Full Text Available Trata-se de um estudo exploratório que teve por finalidade as necessidades básicas das esposas de pacientes infartados, na fase aguda do tratamento. Foi utlizado como referencial para análise os conceitos de Nacessidades Básicas de MASLOW. Os resultados permitiram identificar como principais necessidades afetadas das esposas: segurança, amor e gregária, estima.

PENGHEMATAN ENERGI PADA MENARA DISTILASI

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Arief Budiman

2012-02-01

Full Text Available Distilasi merupakan salah satu unit operasi yang banyak digunakan dalam industri, tetapi dikenal boros energi, sehingga perlu dilakukan upaya peningkatan efisiensi energi agar terjadi penurunan beaya produksi. Salah satu upaya yang dapat dilakukan adalah menggunakan heat integrated distillation column (HIDIC, yang merupakan aplikasi dari heat pump. Dari sisi analisis thermodinamika, penulis telah mengembangkan metoda grafis berdasarkan hukum thermodinamika satu & dua dengan material-utilization diagram (MUD. Metoda ini mempunyai peran penting untuk proses sintesa dan pengembangan proses distilasi yang efisien. Dengan analisis ini akan diperoleh informasi tentang thermodynamic efficiency, lokasi dengan efisiensi energi rendah sehingga dapat dilakukan targeting untuk penghematan energi. Kelebihan dari MUD adalah tersedianya informasi konsentrasi komponen ringan & komponen berat di setiap plate dan karakteristik exergy, yang berupa; exergy loss yang disebabkan oleh baik mixing pada fase cair & fase gas, evaporation dari komponen ringan maupun condensation dari komponen berat.  Tulisan ini akan membahas tentang HIDiC, meliputi pengaruh kenaikan tekanan rectifying section pada HIDiC terhadap kemurnian hasil, kebutuhan panas  dan exergy loss. Pada operasi HIDiC dengan energy level kondenser lebih besar dari pada energi level reboiler akan bisa dihemat sekitar 75% kebutuhan panas pada reboiler.

LA ULTIMA FASE. LA ELIMINACIÓN

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Rafael Nájera Morrondo

2013-01-01

Full Text Available En este artículo se presentan lo que se considera la última fase de la erradicación de la poliomielitis en España, la cual llevó 25 años, duran- te el período 1963-88, a raiz del brusco descenso que produjo en la incidencia de la enfermedad la introducción de la vacuna Sabin con cepas atenuadas en el año 1963. Ello debería haber conducido a la desaparición de la enfermedad en un corto período de tiempo, aunque no fue así a causa de la disminución de la vacunación y la vigilancia epidemiológica, que no se retomaron con seriedad hasta 1976. El último caso autóctono se produjo en 1988. Tras asumir Rafael Nájera la dirección del centro Nacional de Microbiología, Virología e Inmunología Sanitarias, el primer objetivo de su equipo fue la erradicación de la poliomielitis de nuestro país, introduciendo los criterios de clasificación de la OMS y los estudios de caracterización intertípica de las cepas aisladas de virus.

Conservadorismo Contábil no Reconhecimento de Ativos Intangíveis em Fase de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento: Um Estudo em Empresas da BM&FBovespa

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ilse Maria Beuren

2013-04-01

Full Text Available Conservadorismo contábil pode implicar assimetrias no reconhecimento de ativos intangíveis em fase de pesquisa e desenvolvimento, desde o registro indevido até a sua não contabilização. Este estudo objetiva examinar o conservadorismo contábil no reconhecimento de ativos intangíveis em fase de pesquisa e desenvolvimento de empresas da BM&FBovespa. A pesquisa descritiva foi realizada por meio de análise documental, com abordagem quantitativa, utilizando, no cálculo do conservadorismo contábil o modelo de Ball e Shivakumar (2005 e a aplicação de regressão linear e correlação de Pearson para relações entre variáveis. A população da pesquisa compreendeu as 236 empresas listadas na BM&FBovespa, com saldo em ativos intangíveis nos anos de 2009 e 2010, e a amostra as 34 com ativos intangíveis em fase de pesquisa e desenvolvimento. Os resultados mostram que no período analisado ocorreu conservadorismo contábil nas empresas pesquisadas. Todavia, não se constatou relação positiva do conservadorismo contábil e dos ativos intangíveis em fase de pesquisa e desenvolvimento com tamanho, alavancagem, setor e nível de governança corporativa das empresas. Com a aplicação da correlação de Pearson, tal resultado foi confirmado, com exceção de 2009 nas empresas pertencentes ao setor de Construção e Transporte. Assim, conclui-se que houve conservadorismo contábil no reconhecimento de ativos intangíveis em fase de pesquisa e desenvolvimento nas empresas pesquisadas, mas não se constatou associação com as variáveis de controle.

Avaliação de fragilidade, funcionalidade e medo de cair em idosos atendidos em um serviço ambulatorial de geriatria e gerontologia Assessment of frailty, functionality and fear of falling in elderly assisted at an outpatient gerontologic and geriatric clinic

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Silvia Lanziotti Azevedo da Silva

2009-06-01

Full Text Available A síndrome da fragilidade é uma condição associada ao envelhecimento, com desfechos de saúde nos idosos como quedas, medo de cair e incapacidade. Os objetivos deste estudo foram determinar a freqüência de fragilidade e verificar a existência de correlação desta com quedas, medo de cair e funcionalidade, em 30 idosos (média de 75,7±7,6 anos cadastrados em um serviço interdisciplinar de Geriatria e Gerontologia. Foram avaliados quanto à fragilidade, por características sugeridas pela literatura, e quanto aos desfechos quedas, funcionalidade e medo de cair. A análise descritiva identificou 20% de idosos frágeis, 46,7% pré-frágeis e 33,3% não-frágeis. Foram encontradas diferenças significativas entre os grupos frágeis e pré-frágeis e frágeis e não-frágeis em relação à funcionalidade mensurada pela escala de Lawton (p=0,000 e medo de cair, avaliada pela escala internacional de eficácia de quedas (FES-I, na sigla em inglês. Foi encontrada correlação significativa e moderada entre a pontuação na FES-I e o número de quedas; e correlação significativa, moderada e inversa, entre as pontuações da FES-I e de Lawton. A freqüência de fragilidade foi maior na amostra do estudo do que a encontrada em estudos prévios; e foram encontradas diferenças significativas entre os grupos de idosos, de acordo com as características de fragilidade, indicando que os mais frágeis apresentavam maior incapacidade para atividades de vida diária e mais medo de cair.The frailty syndrome is a condition associated to age-related vulnerability, bearing health outcomes such as falls, fear of falling, and disability. The purposes of this study were to determine frequency of frailty and to search for correlations between frailty and falls, fear of falling, and functionality, in a group of 30 elderly (mean age 75.7±7.6 registered at a geriatric outpatient clinic. They were assessed as to frailty according to features suggested by

77 FR 68076 - Approval and Promulgation of Air Quality Implementation Plans; West Virginia; Redesignation of...

Science.gov (United States)

2012-11-15

... preserve the environmental benefits provided by CAIR, North Carolina v. EPA, 550 F.3d 1176, 1178 (DC Cir... CSR 19. See 71 FR 64468 (November 2, 2006) (approving NSR program into the SIP) and 77 FR 63736...

DESAIN KONTROL AERATOR PADA INSTALASI PENGOLAHAN AIR LIMBAH SUWUNG DENGAN FUZZY LOGIC

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I Made Mataram

2010-12-01

Full Text Available Limbah merupakan buangan yang dihasilkan dari suatu proses produksi baik industri maupun domestik (rumahtangga dan harus dikelola agar tidak menimbulkan pencemaran dan penurunan kualitas lingkungan. InstalasiPengolahan Air Limbah (IPAL merupakan suatu tempat pengolahan limbah yang bertempat di daerah Suwung.Pengolahan limbah cair dilakukan dengan menggunakan sistem kolam aerasi dan kolam sedimentasi.Pada proses aerasi yaitu proses reduksi BOD (Biological Oxygen Demand dan COD (Chemical OxygenDemand secara aerob digunakan aerator sebagai penghasil oksigen yaitu dengan cara menempatkan aerator didalam kolam aerasi sehingga menghasilkan oksigen berupa buih udara yang tercampur dengan air. Untuk IPALSuwung pengoperasian aerator masih dengan cara manual yaitu dioperasikan pada jam tertentu sehingga inputjumlah oksigen terkadang tidak sesuai dengan karakteristik input limbah yang diolah, maka diperlukan suatu sistemkontrol pengoperasian aerator yang dapat menghasilkan oksigen guna mereduksi COD secara tepat sesuai bakumutu limbahDalam penelitian ini dilakukan perencanaan desain kontrol pengoperasian aerator dengan fuzzy logic. Desainpengontrolan dengan menggunakan logika fuzzy pada pengoperasian aerator sudah dapat dibuat dan dapat bekerjasesuai dengan karateristik input/ouput limbah, ini terlihat dari lama operasi aerator yang bekerja sudah sesuaidengan input limbah. Penggunaan energi listrik dengan pengontrolan fuzzy pada pengoperasian aerator lebih rendahdibandingkan dengan penggunaan energi listrik pengoperasian secara manual, ini terlihat dari penggunaan energipengoperasian aerator manual dan fuzzy pada bulan Oktober 2010 yang memiliki selisih sebesar 6.693 kWh, bulanNovember 2010

Pengujian Kemampuan Daya Samak Cube Black dan Limbah Cair Gambir Terhadap Mutu Kulit Tersamak

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Gustri Yeni

2016-06-01

Cube black dan limbah cair pengolahan gambir. Konsentrasi bahan penyamak yang digunakan dalam perlakuan adalah 2%, 3% dan 4% dengan berat kulit yang akan disamak sebanyak 1 kg. Kulit tersamak diuji terhadap derajat penyamakan (DP dan uji fisik meliputi kekuatan tarik, kemuluran dan kekuatan sobek. Pada perlakuan yang sama dibandingkan dengan penyamak krom. Hasil uji kulit tersamak menunjukkan makin tinggi konsentrasi bahan penyamak makin tinggi nilai DP dan sifat fisik kulit makin baik. Kulit tersamak dari kambing menggunakan Cube black gambir pada konsentrasi 4% menghasilkan nilai DP mendekati sama dengan penyamak krom (38,45% dan 36,60%. Untuk kulit ikan tuna tersamak menghasilkan nilai DP 39,57% dan 31,35%. Bahan penyamak gambir menghasilkan nilai kekuatan tarik, kekuatan sobek dan kemuluran lebih tinggi dari penyamak krom. Nilai kekuatan tarik kulit kambing 730,37 kg/cm2, ikan tuna 353,33 kg/cm2 diperoleh dari penyamak limbah cair. Nilai kekuatan sobek kulit kambing adalah 353,33 kg/cm2, kulit ikan tuna 29,96 kg/ cm2 dan nilai kemuluran kulit ikan tuna 202,0% diperoleh dari Cube black gambir. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahan penyamak gambir memiliki sifat penyamak yang dapat menggantikan penyamak krom.

40 CFR 97.73 - Notifications.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 20 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Notifications. 97.73 Section 97.73 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) FEDERAL NOX BUDGET TRADING PROGRAM AND CAIR NOX AND SO2 TRADING PROGRAMS Monitoring and Reporting § 97.73...

A salinomicina para o controle da eimeriose de caprinos leiteiros nas fases de cria e recria

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Vieira Luiz da Silva

2004-01-01

Full Text Available A salinomicina foi avaliada no controle da eimeriose caprina em 27 cabritos mestiços distribuídos aleatoriamente em três tratamentos num delineamento inteiramente casualizado: T0, não medicados (grupo controle; T1 e T2, medicados com doses de 1 e 2mg de salinomicina/kg de peso vivo/dia, respectivamente. Na fase de cria, não houve diferença estatística (P>0,005 no ganho médio de peso (GP entre os três tratamentos. Na fase de recria, o grupo T0 apresentou GP significativamente inferior (P0,005. O número médio de oocistos por grama de fezes (OOPG do grupo T0, nas duas fases estudadas, foi significativamente maior (P0,005 entre si. O grupo T0 apresentou rendimento médio de carcaça (RC significativamente inferior (P0,005. O peso médio da massa corporal (MC do grupo T0 foi inferior (P0,005 do grupo T1; entre os grupos T1 e T2, não houve diferença significativa (P>0,005 no peso médio da massa corporal (MC. O uso da salinomicina nas doses de 1 e 2mg/kg, resultou em maior ganho de peso dos animais dos grupos T1 e T2 e, consequentemente, maior valor da margem bruta destes tratamentos. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que os T1 e T2 foram equivalentes para o controle da eimeriose caprina, uma vez que ambos os tratamentos apresentaram maior ganho de peso e oocistograma inferior ao grupo T0. Conclui-se que o tratamento com a salinomicina na dose de 1,0mg/kg é eficaz, desde que seja administrada a partir da segunda semana de vida.

PENGARUH VARIASI KONSENTRASI ADSORBEN BIJI TREMBESI TERHADAP PENURUNAN KADAR LOGAM KROMIUM (CR TOTAL PADA LIMBAH INDUSTRI SASIRANGAN

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Gusti Indah hayati

2016-10-01

Full Text Available Abstrak- Proses pembuatan kain sasirangan menghasilkan limbah cair yang berasal dari proses pewarnaan dan pencelupan kain. Salah satu polutan yang terkandung pada limbah cair industri sasirangan adalah logam Cr. Reduksi logam Cr total limbah cair industri sasirangan dilakukan dengan proses adsorpsi menggunakan adsorben dari biji Trembesi. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh konsentrasi adsorben 1, 2, 3 dan 4% w/v terhadap proses reduksi logam Cr total industri sasirangan. Variasi konsentrasi adsorben yang digunakan sebesar 1 g/100 mL, 2 g/100 mL, 3 g/100 mL dan 4 g/100 mL limbah sasirangan dengan pengadukan selama 30 menit pada 100 rpm suhu 55oC dengan ukuran adsorben 250 mikron. Proses pirolisis berlangsung selama 5 jam dengan suhu operasi 450oC. Adsorben diaktifkan menggunakan HCl 0,1 N yang berlangsung selama 24 jam. Analisa yang dilakukan yaitu ICP (Inductively Coupled Plasma untuk mengetahui kadar logam yang masih tersisa didalam limbah setelah dilakukannya proses adsorpsi. Semakin banyak jumlah adsorben yang ditambahkan maka penurunan konsentrasi logam Cr dalam air limbah semakin besar. Hasil penelitian diperoleh penurunan konsentrasi logam Cr maksimum sebesar 82,65%. Konsentrasi logam Cr mula-mula pada limbah cair kain sasirangan sebesar 2 ppm dan penurunan konsentrasi logam Cr maksimum pada penambahan adsorben 2 g sebesar 0,347 ppm.

Materia orgánica del suelo: papel de las enmiendas orgánica

OpenAIRE

Cabrera, Francisco

2009-01-01

El suelo es una mezcla de sólidos orgánicos e inorgánicos, de aire, de agua y de microorganismos. Estas cuatro fases están interrelacionadas entre sí, de forma que: 1) las reacciones entre los componentes de la fase sólida afectan a la composición del agua y del aire del suelo; 2) el aire y el agua del suelo meteorizan los componentes de la fase sólida; 3) los microorganismos del suelo catalizan muchas de las reacciones que tienen lugar en el suelo (Bohn et al. 1979).

PRENDIMIENTO DE DOS TIPOS DE INJERTOS EN CACAO EN DISTINTAS FASES LUNARES, SIUNA 2014

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Mario Reyes Martínez

2016-05-01

Full Text Available Sin duda, los productores saben de la influencia lunar y sobre el movimiento de la savia en las plantas en determinados momentos, debido a los conocimientos ancestrales y experiencias adquiridas. Sin embargo, en relación al prendimiento de injertos en cacao (Theobroma cacao, existen pocos estudios científicos que demuestren tales efectos. El objetivo principal del estudio fue comparar los efectos de las fases lunares en el prendimiento de dos tipos de injertos en cacao. Para ello se utilizó un diseño completamente al azar con arreglo bifactorial, con tres repeticiones por cada una de las fases y un universo de 576 plantas. La variable de medición únicamente fue el prendimiento de las plantas que se injertaron. Los datos fueron procesados en el programa Statistical Product and Service Solutions (SPSS versión 21 y se sometieron al análisis de varianza ANDEVA con un nivel de confianza del 95%. Los análisis revelan que existen diferencias significativas para las técnicas de injertación (p=0.011<0.05 y se obtuvo mayores prendimientos en los injertos de yema sobre los de bisel. Con respecto al efecto de las fases lunares sobre los dos tipos de injertos no se encontró evidencia estadística (p=0.950>0.05. En base al análisis combinado de varianza no existen diferencias significativas para la interacción fases lunares y técnicas de injertación puesto que (p=0.761>0.05. Summary There is no doubt the producers know of the moon influence and the sap movement in plants at certain moments, due to the ancestral knowledge and experiences gained. However, in relation to the root taking of grafts in cocoa (Theobroma cacao, there are few scientific studies that demonstrate such effects. The main objective of this study was to compare the effects of moon phases in the root taking of two types of grafts in cocoa. To do this we used a complete randomized design with bifactorial order, with three replays for each of the phases and a universe of 576

Mapas conceptuales como primera fase del diseño de bases de datos

OpenAIRE

Gómez Gauchía, Héctor

2005-01-01

En nuestra asignatura de Bases de Datos los alumnos no entienden el proceso de diseño de bases de datos fácilmente. Hemos descubierto que es un problema previo a donde empieza el diseño de base de datos habitual, el problema está en la fase de formación de conceptos. Nuestra propuesta consiste en incluir, en el proceso, el uso de mapas conceptuales. Y, así, representar conocimiento declarativo a un nivel muy bajo, usando conceptos relacionados con frases de enlac...

Determinação direta das fases na difração de raios-X em cristais sem centro de simetria

OpenAIRE

Jose Antonio Prado Valladares

1984-01-01

Resumo: Um método experimental é proposto para solucionar o problema da fase na difração de raios-X em cristais sem centro de simetria, usando difração múltipla caso três-feixes tipo-Bragg. Este método resulta da consideração da dependência da fase com a assimetria dos perfis de linha, com o sentido da rotação da rede cristalina e com o comprimento de onda da radiação incidente. Casos em que o comprimento de onda da radiação incidente está acima e abaixo da borda de absorção, lE, do átomo mai...

A Task-Based Analysis of Information Requirements of Tactical Maps

Science.gov (United States)

1979-08-01

work began with the precept that military maps are primarily intended to serve users in the performance of functional tasks. By capitalizing on the task...Recherche Des Facteurs, Humaine de la Defense Natimla Onissels 2 Canadian ,losir Stall Washtington 1 C/Air Staff. Royal Canadian AF, ATTN: Pars Slid

40 CFR 97.155 - Banking.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 20 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Banking. 97.155 Section 97.155 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) FEDERAL NOX... Banking. (a) CAIR NOX allowances may be banked for future use or transfer in a compliance account or a...

40 CFR 96.355 - Banking.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 20 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Banking. 96.355 Section 96.355 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) NOX BUDGET... Allowance Tracking System § 96.355 Banking. (a) CAIR NOX Ozone Season allowances may be banked for future...

de residuos. Buenos Aires, 2002-2003

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Verónica Paiva

2006-01-01

Full Text Available El artículo aborda la problemática de la gestión de los residuos sólidos domiciliarios de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Dicha gestión está regulada por un marco jurídico muy antiguo que impide la recuperación o el reciclaje en casi todas las fases del circuito de recolección, transporte y disposición final. En forma paralela a la gestión oficial, se ha extendido una vía de recolección y recuperación informal, que ha llevado a cabo algunas personas pertenecientes a los sectores más pobres de nuestra sociedad, quienes encuentran en la venta de los residuos recuperados un camino para su supervivencia diaria. En el presente artículo describimos las características de este circuito informal en la Ciudad de Buenos Aires, las rutas, calles, horarios y tipos de residuos recogidos, y analizamos el fenómeno no solamente como una manifiestación de la pobreza, sino como un camino alternativo para la recolección diferenciada de los residuos sólidos de la ciudad.

40 CFR 96.255 - Banking.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 20 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Banking. 96.255 Section 96.255 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) NOX BUDGET... Tracking System § 96.255 Banking. (a) CAIR SO2 allowances may be banked for future use or transfer in a...

40 CFR 97.355 - Banking.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 20 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Banking. 97.355 Section 97.355 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) FEDERAL NOX... System § 97.355 Banking. (a) CAIR NOX Ozone Season allowances may be banked for future use or transfer in...

40 CFR 96.155 - Banking.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 20 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Banking. 96.155 Section 96.155 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) NOX BUDGET... Tracking System § 96.155 Banking. (a) CAIR NOX allowances may be banked for future use or transfer in a...

40 CFR 97.255 - Banking.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 20 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Banking. 97.255 Section 97.255 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) FEDERAL NOX... Banking. (a) CAIR SO2 allowances may be banked for future use or transfer in a compliance account or a...

ADSORPSI LOGAM SENG (Zn DAN TIMBAL (Pb PADA LIMBAH CAIR INDUSTRI KERAMIK OLEH TANAH LIAT

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Cindy Rianti Priadi

2014-05-01

Full Text Available ADSORPTION OF ZINC AND LEAD FROM CERAMIC WASTEWATER USING CLAY. Ceramic industry generates glaze wastewater and clay waste. Glaze wastewater contains heavy metal from ceramic painting process which can potentially cause severe pollution problem. Glaze wastewater from PT.X typically contains Cd (0.013 mg/L; Cu (0.033 mg/L; Pb (1.20 mg/L; and Zn (7.00 mg/L. Clay waste used as adsorbent to reduce heavy metal amount in glaze wastewater. The present study investigates in bench scale and uses batch adsorption method to determine effective  adsorbent amount and contact time in removing heavy metals in glaze wastewater in order to fulfill the discharge requirement based on regulation of Minister of Environment No.16/2008concerning effluent water standard for ceramic industries. The results showed that the effective adsorbent amount and contact time respectively are 5 g/L and 15 minutes with pH 8 and stirring speed of 150 rpm. Concentration of heavy metal adsorbed are 0,614 mg/L and 2,07 mg/L for lead (Pb and zinc (Zn with removal efficiency up to 61.0% for Pb and 9.8% for Zn.From this study clay waste could be potentially used as an adsorbent to reduce heavy metal amount in glaze wastewater. Keywords: adsorption, clay waste, heavy metals Abstrak Industri keramik menghasilkan limbah glasir dan limbah tanah liat. Limbah glasir mengandung logam berat yang berasal dari proses pewarnaan keramik dan berpotensi mencemari lingkungan. Kandungan logam berat pada limbah glasir PT.X yaitu Cd (0,013 mg/L; Cu (0,033 mg/L; Pb (1,20 mg/L; dan Zn (7,00 mg/L. Limbah tanah liat digunakan sebagai adsorben yang berguna mengurangi kadar logam berat pada limbah glasir.Penelitian ini dilakukan dalam skala laboratorium menggunakan metode batch adsorpsi untuk menentukan dosis adsorben dan waktu kontak yang efektif dalam mengolah limbah glasir agar memenuhi persyaratan Peraturan Menteri Negara Lingkungan Hidup Nomor 16 Tahun 2008 tentang baku mutu air limbah bagi usaha dan

Identificação das fases do processo de morrer pelos profissionais de Enfermagem La identificación de las fases del proceso de muerte para los profesionales de Enfermería Identification of the dying process phases by Nursing professionals

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Tatiana Thaller Susaki

2006-06-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: verificar se o enfermeiro consegue identificar as cinco fases do processo de morrer, descritas por Elizabeth Kübler-Ross, nos pacientes sob seus cuidados e que se encontram fora de possibilidades terapêuticas. MÉTODOS: foi questionado se percebem os sinais da comunicação não-verbal para prestar esse atendimento e fazer essa identificação. Os dados foram coletados em janeiro de 2004 por meio de entrevista individual, pré-agendada, com enfermeiros, em hospital público vinculado ao ensino na cidade de São Paulo. RESULTADOS: constatamos que 92% dos enfermeiros conseguiram identificar pelo menos uma das fases do processo de morrer na vivência com pacientes terminais, sendo citadas, em média, três. A aceitação (85%, a negação (69% e a depressão (61% são as mais freqüentemente percebidas. Verificamos o uso e entendimento da comunicação não-verbal na identificação das fases nas falas de 54% dos enfermeiros. CONCLUSÃO: os resultados também evidenciaram as dificuldades enfrentadas pelo enfermeiro quanto essa temática e, percebe-se que existe uma lacuna evidente entre a formação do profissional e a manutenção do seu treinamento e suporte na instituição de saúde.OBJETIVO: verificar a la enfermera consigue identificar las cinco fases del proceso de muerte, descrito por Elizabeth Kübler-Ross, en los pacientes bajo sus cuidados y esa reunión fuera de posibilidades terapéuticas. METODOS: fue cuestionado si nota las señales de la comunicación no-verbal para dar esa asistencia y hacer esa identificación. Los datos eran reunido en enero de 2004 por medio de la entrevista individual, pré-agendada, con enfermeras, en hospital público se unido a la enseñanza en la ciudad de São Paulo. RESULTADOS: verificamos que 92% de las enfermeras consiguieron identificar uno de las fases del proceso de muerte en la existencia con términos de los pacientes por lo menos, mencionándose, en promedio, tres. La aceptación (85

A Proposed Activity for a Meaningful Learning about the Moon Phases. (Breton Title: Uma Proposta de Atividade Para a Aprendizagem Significativa sobre as Fases da Lua.) Una Actividad Propuesta Para EL Aprendizaje Significativo Acerca de Las Fases de la Luna

Science.gov (United States)

Martins, Bruno Andrade; Langhi, Rodolfo

2012-12-01

This paper presents one of the concepts of Astronomy and its consequent failure in teaching this topic in high school, even when the official documents point out the necessity of Astronomy teaching at this school level. Among the spontaneous conceptions in Astronomy that high school students carry with them, even after the end of the school, we emphasized in this research the Moon phases. The development of different strategies in relation to traditional methods, aimed to teaching-learning process on this topic was considered in this study. These strategies were devised based on the reference frame of the Meaningful Learning, as elaborated by Ausubel. The proposals presented here include the active participation of students in experimental activities and other didactic activities, for their continuous evaluation during the process. These activities finished with a Comics elaboration about the Moon phases. Therefore, the objective of this paper is to present a proposal for differentiated teaching activity about Moon phases supported by the theoretical principles of Meaningful Learning at Physics classes. Este texto foca um dos conteúdos de Astronomia e a consequente falha no ensino deste tema no ensino médio, apesar de os documentos oficiais apresentarem a necessidade de se trabalhar a Astronomia neste nível de ensino. Dentre as concepções alternativas em Astronomia que os alunos do ensino médio carregam consigo, mesmo após o término dos estudos, destacamos, nesta pesquisa, o fenômeno das fases da Lua. O desenvolvimento de estratégias diferenciadas em relação ao ensino tradicional, visando o processo de ensino-aprendizagem sobre este tema, foi contemplado neste trabalho como um dos resultados obtidos sob a luz dos referenciais da aprendizagem significativa, fundamentados em Ausubel. Segundo a proposta aqui apresentada, a participação ativa dos alunos na execução de uma atividade experimental e outras atividades didáticas, que visam sua cont

Comparative study of 3D TOF-SPGR and 3D FASE on the display of the relationship between cranial nerves and peripheral vessels

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sun Wenge; Li Yanliang; Zhang Lina; Qi Xixun; Jin Anyu; Xu Ke; Tong Zhiyong; Liu Jing

2004-01-01

Objective: To select a better sequence which can supply reliable radiological information for vessel compression on cranial nerves in patients with facial spasm or trigeminal neuralgia. Methods: 3D TOF-SPGR and 3D FASE were used in 40 patients with facial spasm or trigeminal neuralgia to display the relationship between cranial nerves (facial nerve and trigeminal nerve) and peripheral vessels. Results: 38 patients got surgical results. 33 unilateral vessel compression or contact on facial nerves or trigeminal nerves was found on 3D TOF-SPGR, while no contact was found in 5. 26 unilateral vessel compression or contact on facial nerves or trigeminal nerves was found on 3D FASE, while no contact was found in 12. Significant difference between the two sequences on the display of vessel compression on facial nerves or trigeminal nerves was found by statistical analysis (χ 2 =5.14, P=0.016). Conclusion: 3D TOF-SPGR is better than 3D FASE on display of the relationship between nerves and peripheral vessels, and it should be the primary MRI sequence for patients with facial spasm or trigeminal neuralgia clinically. (author)

Manejo de desechos peligrosos (II fase

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Juan Carlos Salas Jiménez

2006-05-01

Full Text Available Este trabajo corresponde a la segunda fase del proyecto de Manejo de Desechos Peligrosos que se generan en los laboratorios del Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica (ITCR, el cual continuó con las etapas de implementación de un sistema de gestión de manejo de desechos en los laboratorios de docencia e investigación del ITCR. Las actividades que se desarrollaron fueron: capacitación e implementación de algunas etapas del sistema de gestión, cuantificación y caracterización de los desechos, desarrollo de un programa para el control de inventarios y pruebas de laboratorio para el tratamiento de los desechos peligrosos de mayor volumen. De esta investigación, se obtuvieron los siguientes resultados: 1.Se cuenta con un grupo de funcionarios comprometidos y capacitados para implementar el sistema de gestión. 2. Tres métodos efectivos para los tres desechos que se generan en gran cantidad de masa o volumen. 3. Un sistema de inventarios estandarizados que ha sido instalado en nueve laboratorios de la Sede de Cartago. 4.Una “Guía de manejo de los desechos peligrosos de los laboratorios del ITCR”, que sirva de documento base para los funcionarios de los laboratorios. 5. Una normativa en trámite de aprobación para institucionalizar el Programa de Manejo de desechos peligrosos.

Pengoperasian Beban Listrik Fase Tunggal Terkendali Melalui Minimum System Berbasis Mikrokontroler Dan Sensor Voice Recognition (Vr)

OpenAIRE

Goeritno, Arief; Ginting, Sandy Ferdiansyah; Yatim, Rakhmad

2017-01-01

Minimum system berbasis mikrokontroler dan sensor voice recognition (VR) sebagai pengendali aktuator telah digunakan untuk pengoperasian beban listrik fase tunggal. Minimum system adalah suatu sistem yang tersusun melalui 2 (dua) tahapan, yaitu (a) diagram rangkaian dan bentuk fisis board dan (b) pengawatan terintegrasi terhadap minimum system pada sistem mikrokontroler ATmega16. Keberadaan sistem mikrokontroler pada minimum system perlu program tertanam melalui pemrograman berbasis bahasa ...

Viscoelasticidad lineal de la fase líquido-cristalina laminar de un sistema tensioactivo no iónico/hidrocarburo/agua

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Gallegos, C.

2000-08-01

Full Text Available A linear viscoelastic characterization by small amplitude oscillatory shear tests was carried out for heptane/polyoxyethylene glycol nonylphenyl ether (EOa=10/water system exhibiting a lamellar liquid crystalline structure. The influence of composition on the dynamic functions was considered. The lamellar liquid crystalline phase shows a small linear viscoelastic range. The relaxation spectrum of the lamellar liquid crystalline phase presents two regions: the transition region and the plateau region, characteristic of highly structured systems. The maximum values of the plateau modulus correspond to the systems of intermediate compositions within the realm of existence of the lamellar mesophase.En este estudio se ha caracterizado la respuesta viscoelástica lineal, en cizalla oscilatoria, de la fase líquido-cristalina laminar de sistemas alcohol polietoxilado/heptano/agua, estableciendo las influencias de los distintos componentes en la evolución de las funciones viscoelásticas dinámicas. De los resultados obtenidos puede concluirse que la fase líquido-cristalina laminar se caracteriza por presentar un pequeño intervalo viscoelástico lineal; su espectro de relajación muestra, fundamentalmente, dos regiones, la región de transición y la región plateau, siendo esta última característica de sistemas altamente estructurados; el módulo plateau presenta valores máximos para sistemas con concentraciones intermedias de tensioactivo y heptano dentro del intervalo de existencia de la fase laminar.

Programa de mentoria online para professores iniciantes: fases de um processo On-line mentoring program for novice teachers: phases of a process

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Aline M. de M. R. Reali

2010-08-01

Full Text Available Neste artigo analisamos as fases evidenciadas no desenvolvimento do Programa de Mentoria do Portal dos Professores da Universidade Federal de São Carlos (SP. O programa se caracteriza por ser online e é dirigido para professores dos anos iniciais do ensino fundamental com até cinco anos de experiência. Foi conduzido por três pesquisadoras e onze mentoras (professoras experientes que acompanharam individualmente, a distância e por meio de correspondências eletrônicas, 56 professoras iniciantes durante períodos entre seis meses a dois anos e meio. Do ponto de vista teórico consideramos a literatura relativa à aprendizagem e desenvolvimento profissional da docência; início da carreira docente; processos de mentoria e educação a distância. Metodologicamente desenvolvemos uma pesquisa-ação a partir de estratégias construtivo-colaborativas. As principais fontes de dados foram as correspondências trocadas entre mentoras e professoras iniciantes; diários reflexivos de mentoras e professoras iniciantes; redação de casos de ensino pelas professoras iniciantes; registros de observação das reuniões semanais ocorridos entre pesquisadoras e mentoras. Os resultados apontam que os processos de mentoria investigados ocorrem segundo fases distintas (fase inicial ou de aproximação; fase de desenvolvimento ou aprofundamento; fase de desligamento com características, objetivos e procedimentos próprios.This article analyzes the development phases of the On-line Mentoring Program at the Teachers Portal of Universidade Federal de São Carlos. The mentoring program is an on-line program aimed at elementary school teachers at the first grades with up to five years of experience. It is carried out by ten mentors coaching by electronic 56 novice teachers during six to 28 months. Its theoretical framework includes literature on teacher learning and professional development, the first years of teaching, mentoring processes and distance education

Een analyse van de mogelijke gevolgen van de aanleg van IJburg tweede fase voor watervogels in de SBZ IJmeer

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Schekkerman, H.; Eerden, van M.E.; Rijn, van S.; Roos, M.

2006-01-01

De gemeente Amsterdam heeft vergevorderde plannen om in het IJmeer, grenzend aan het Vogelrichtlijngebied (SBZ, Natura 2000 gebied) IJmeer, de tweede fase van de wijk IJburg te realiseren. In dit rapport wordt (1) beschreven welke specifieke waarden van het IJmeer volgens de Vogelrichtlijn dienen te

Distribución de potencia en los alimentadores de baja tensión con varios conductores por fase; Power Distribution in Low Tension Feeders with Several Phase Conductors

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Héctor S Llamo Laborí

2011-02-01

Full Text Available En las redes de distribución a 120/208 V, las corrientes debidas a las cargas son muy altas y ello obliga ainstalar varios conductores en paralelo por fase. La mayor o menor asimetría de las corrientes que circulan porcada uno de los conductores que forman cada fase no son función del balanceo que se haga de la carga ni delmayor o menor desbalance de las tensiones sino de la disposición de las fases. En este trabajo se presentanlas características y los resultados de un algoritmo para determinar cuál es la disposición de las fases quepermiten obtener el mejor aprovechamiento de la capacidad instalada en los conductores del alimentador. In the 120/208 distribution grids, the loads currents are very high. In this case it is necessary to install severalconductors in parallel. The more o less asymmetry of currents in the different conductors that form everyphase is function of the phase disposition and not of the more or less unbalance of the tension or the loadscurrents. In this work are presented the characteristics and the results of algorithms that permit to determinewhich the phase disposition is that bring the better use of the installed capacity of the feeder.

77 FR 76883 - Approval and Promulgation of Implementation Plans and Designation of Areas for Air Quality...

Science.gov (United States)

2012-12-31

... secondary manner through chemical reactions or other processes in the atmosphere. \\6\\ NO X and SO 2 are precursors for fine particulates through chemical reactions and other related processes in the atmosphere... and includes emission reductions associated with CAIR, EPA's modeling indicates that the area would...

Estudo longitudinal do eletrocardiograma na doença de Chagas desde a fase aguda

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Roberto C. Pedrosa

1993-09-01

Full Text Available Vários trabalhos com eletrocardiograma na doença de Chagas têm sido feitos. Alguns referindo-se a grupos selecionados de casos, outros a estudos longitudinais, relatam as características da mortalidade nas diversas fases da doença. Com o objetivo de avaliar o valor do eletrocardiograma como índice de avaliação terapêutica e de seu comportamento na doença de Chagas desde a fase aguda, no presente trabalho, analisou-se evolutivamente o eletrocardiograma de 42 pacientes (18 mulheres e 24 homens procedentes da zona rural do Norte de Minas Gerais; predomínio etário foi nas duas primeiras décadas; todos com comprometimento cardíaco; todos receberam tratamento específico. O acompanhamento dos 42 pacientes foi de 9 anos dos quais 3 pacientes tiveram seguimento de 20 anos. Foram analisados 270 eletrocardiogramas. Nós utilizamos os seguintes critérios para a análise do ECG: código de Minnesota modificado para doença de Chagas; WHO/I. S. F. C. TASK FORCE para condução intraventricular e critérios de Pieretti para área eletricamente inativa. Concluímos que as alterações eletrocardiográficas agravam com a evolução da doença e que o eletrocardiograma não serve de índice de avaliação terapêutica.

Efectos diferenciales del bienestar subjetivo, autorrealización y celos en las fases del amor pasional

OpenAIRE

Rozzana Sánchez Aragón

2009-01-01

El presente estudio exploró en 348 hombres y mujeres de dos ciudades de la República Mexicana las diferencias en la autorrealización, el bienestar subjetivo y los celos en las cuatro fases del amor pasional: atracción, enamoramiento, amor obsesivo y amor desesperado. Los resultados indican los efectos diferenciales por sexo, ciudad de procedencia y etapas de la pasión en dichas áreas.

[La combinazione di gemcitabina e oxaliplatino (GEMOX) nel trattamento del carcinoma pancreatico in fase avanzata di malattia: le notizie sulla mia morte sono state esagerate?

Science.gov (United States)

Giuliani, Jacopo; Bonetti, Andrea

2017-12-01

Riassunto. L'analisi è stata condotta al fine di valutare l'effetto sia sulla sopravvivenza globale (OS) sia sulla sopravvivenza libera da progressione di malattia (PFS) della chemioterapia di combinazione in prima linea per il carcinoma pancreatico in fase avanzata di malattia. La presente analisi è limitata agli studi randomizzati controllati (RCT) di fase III. Successivamente è stata applicata la European Society for Medical Oncology Magnitude of Clinical Benefit Scale (ESMO-MCBS) agli RCT di fase III analizzati per ricavare uno score relativo all'entità del beneficio clinico ottenuto per ciascun RCT. Sono state calcolate inoltre le differenze in termini di PFS tra i diversi bracci di trattamento rapportandole con i costi dei farmaci necessari per ottenere il beneficio di PFS. La nostra analisi ha valutato 11 RCT di fase III, per un totale di 4572 pazienti. Combinando i costi della terapia con la misura dell'efficacia espressa dalla PFS, è stato ottenuto un costo di 74,12 euro (€) per mese di vita guadagnato in termini di PFS con la combinazione di 5-fluorouracil, leucovorin, irinotecan e oxaliplatino (FOLFIRINOX), 90,14 € per la combinazione di gemcitabina e oxaliplatino (GEMOX) e 4708,7 € per la combinazione di nab-paclitaxel e gemcitabina. Da questo punto di vista riteniamo che l'utilizzo delle "vecche chemioterapie di combinazione" (per es., GEMOX) non dovrebbe essere completamente abbandonato, ma valutato sul singolo paziente, sulla base di diversi fattori (età, ECOG PS, comorbilità, carico di malattia), al fine di ottenere una reale "tailored therapy".

Efeito da relação das fases líquida e sólida da uva na composição química e na característica sensorial do vinho Cabernet

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RIZZON Luiz Antenor

1999-01-01

Full Text Available A intensidade de cor, os polifenóis totais, o extrato seco e os minerais do vinho variam em função da proporção entre as fases líquida e sólida da uva. O rendimento em mosto é variável de uma cultivar a outra e, para a mesma cultivar, sendo que aumentos importantes podem ocorrer em conseqüência de precipitações pluviométricas durante a maturação da uva. Com o objetivo de estudar o efeito da relação das fases líquida e sólida da uva na composição química e na qualidade do vinho, foram realizados estudos através de microvinificação com uvas Cabernet Franc nas safras de 1987 a 1990. Os tratamentos consistiram em variar a fase líquida em relação à fase sólida da uva, nas proporções (% de 78/22, 74/26, 72/28, 70/30, 68/32, 66/34 e 62/38. O aumento da proporção da fase sólida em relação à líquida foi responsável principalmente por um acréscimo dos componentes que constituem o corpo do vinho (extrato seco, cinzas e compostos fenólicos enquanto que o aumento da fase líquida contribuiu para a obtenção de vinhos mais leves.

Alterações de estados de ânimo presentes em atletas de voleibol, avaliados em fases do campeonato Alteraciones de estados de ánimo presentes en atletas de voleibol, evaluados en fases de campeonato Volleyball athletes’ mood changes in different competition phases

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José Lino Oliveira Bueno

2007-04-01

Full Text Available O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar as alterações de estados de ânimo em atletas de voleibol em função do sexo dos participantes e das fases da competição. Treze atletas do grupo feminino e 11 do grupo masculino preencheram a Lista de Estados de Ânimo Presentes, nos jogos da semifinal e final do campeonato. Os resultados descrevem um perfil comum para os dois grupos, independentemente da fase do campeonato, entretanto, o gênero feminino mostrou uma maior percepção em avaliar os estados de ânimo e um maior número de locuções. As locuções que apresentaram diferenças significativas no fator jogo mostram que a importância do jogo e a incerteza do resultado podem alterar estados de ânimo do atleta.El objetivo de esta investigación fue el de evaluar las alteraciones de estados de ánimo en atletas de voleibol, en función del género de los participantes y de las fases de la competición. Trece atletas del grupo femenino y once del grupo masculino rellenaron la Lista de Estados de Ánimo Presentes, en los juegos de la semifinal y final del campeonato. Los resultados describen un perfil común para los dos grupos, independientemente de la fase del campeonato; sin embargo, el género femenino mostró una mayor percepción al evaluar los estados de ánimo y un mayor número de locuciones. Las locuciones que presentaron diferencias significativas, en lo que respecta al factor juego, muestran que la importancia del juego y la incertidumbre del resultado pueden alterar estados de ánimo del atleta.Mood alterations in volleyball athletes with regard to the gender of participants and to different competition phases are provided. Thirteen female and eleven male athletes at a competition semifinals and finals accepted to fill the Present Mood States list. Results show that, regardless of the competition phase, a common outline for both groups is extant. Female athletes demonstrated a greater perception in evaluating mood states and used a

Ritmo circadiano de atividade motora e distribuição diária dos comportamentos afiliativos ao longo da fase juvenil em saguis (callithrix jacchus)

OpenAIRE

Melo, Paula Rocha de

2012-01-01

A alocação temporal da fase ativa em relação ao ciclo claro e escuro (CE) modifica-se durante a puberdade em humanos, degus, ratos e rhesus. Em sagui, modelo animal utilizado em diversas pesquisas biomédicas, há evidências de um avanço no início da fase ativa e um aumento no total diário da atividade após a entrada na puberdade. Entretanto, como este aspecto foi avaliado em animais mantidos em condições ambientais naturais, não foi possível distinguir entre os efeitos da puberd...

Planeamiento del proceso constructivo del PAD I fase III en la mina Cerro Verde

OpenAIRE

Tomas Loayza, Mariela Irma; Tomas Loayza, Mariela Irma; Tomas Loayza, Mariela Irma

2015-01-01

El planeamiento constructivo del PAD 1 Fase III ha sido elaborado detalladamente teniendo en cuenta un trabajo calificado de investigación, plasmando los resultados en el cronograma de ejecución y corroborando la ejecución de la obra mediante el ciclograma. Los alcances del proyecto son los estudios de topografía, estudios geotécnicos, geológicos y diseño civil, que son dados en el capítulo 11. La topografía es el relieve que representa la zona caracterizándose por taludes con elevada p...

76 FR 82219 - Regional Haze: Revisions to Provisions Governing Alternatives to Source-Specific Best Available...

Science.gov (United States)

2011-12-30

... public hearing? E. How is this notice organized? II. What action is the EPA proposing to take? III. What... 1178. The EPA replaced CAIR with the Transport Rule on August 8, 2011.\\12\\ The Transport Rule will take... trading program in the recently promulgated Transport Rule, also known as the Cross-State Air Pollution...

Histopatologia da esquistossomose mansoni em fígado de Mus musculus infectado por amostras humanas de fase aguda e crônica da periferia de Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais

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Amélia Dulce Vilela de Carvalho

1986-06-01

Full Text Available Exemplares de Biomphalaria glabrataforam infectados com miracídios obtidos de ovos de Schistosoma mansoni, encontrados em fezes de indivíduos de 7 a 18 anos, da região de Lagoa da Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG. Os pacientes de fase aguda se infectaram em uma primeira visita ao foco. Os da fase crônica eram moradores próximos aos focos. Para cada caso clínico, isolou-se a respectiva amostra do parasita. Foram infectados pela cauda 55 camundongos fêmeas com 70 ± 10 cercárias. Cortes histológicos de fígados, corados por HE, tricrômico de Gomori, impregnação metálica pela prata, e PAS foram observados à microscopia óptica. Não houve diferenças estatísticas em relação às médias das mensurações dos diâmetros dos granulomas referentes às amostras e datas de sacrifícios. Os granulomas apresentaram fase exsudativa do tipo Ha (reação de inflamação mista e IIIa (granuloma com células epitelióides. Com amostras de pacientes em fase aguda o padrão predominante foi a Ha na 7ª semana. Na 10.ª semana predominaram granulomas do tipo IIIa. Nas amostras de pacientes em fase crônica, verificou-se uma mescla de granulomas do tipo Ha e IIIa na 7ª semana. Na 10ª semana predominou o tipo IIIa. Alguns aspectos histopatológicos de fígados foram descritos e comparados com aqueles existentes na literatura.

Postmodern Movement and Culture: dividing in into periods and discussing its phases Movimento Pós-Moderno e Cultura: periodizando e discutindo suas fases

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Rosana Figueiredo Salvi

2002-11-01

Full Text Available This research tried to divide into periods the postmodern thought starting from the analysis of transformations, which happened inside the movement itself. So, three fundamental phases were emphasized. The first one is responsible for to formation of the postmodern thought in the area of Languages, Arts and Architecture, specifically. The second one is the phase that involves wide dissemination, migration and great controversies about this movement. Finally, the third phase demonstrates relative maturation of the postmodern movement, whose production of theories take place in several fields of knowledge.Esta pesquisa procurou estabelecer uma periodização do pensamento pós-moderno a partir da análise das transformações ocorridas dentro do próprio movimento. Assim, três fases fundamentais foram destacadas. A primeira é entendida como aquela responsável pela formação do pensamento pós-moderno especificamente nas áreas de letras, artes e arquitetura. A segunda é aquela fase que envolve ampla difusão, migração e grandes polêmicas sobre este movimento. Por fim, a terceira fase demonstra relativo amadurecimento do movimento pós-moderno, cuja produção cada vez mais acentuada de teorias ocorre em variadas áreas do conhecimento.

Difficult aspects in the e-social pre implementation fase in higher education community institutions in Santa Catarina

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Antonio Zanin

2017-06-01

Full Text Available Brazilian financial control is changing, mainly because of the implementation of new control tools which try to regulate the relation between the revenue and contributors. One of these changes is the EFD- Social implementation, which the organizations are putting a huge effort, because it is something new, where its demands is not only of processes but also of the management culture. Under this context, this study had as objective analyse the difficulties of the Higher Education Community Institutions  - ICES – in Santa Catarina, associated to ACAFE, in the accession adaptation of E-social in the pre implementation fase. The research is exploratory, descritive and quantitative. The sample is composed with about 60% of the researched population and the data collect was made through questionaries collected from february to may of 2015. The data analysis revealed that ICES are in distintives fases of EFD-Social implementation. It is also possible to verify, in the perspective of the researched  ICES, that the EFD-Social implementation will bring more advantages than disadvantages, suggesting the beginning of a cultural change in the organizations, which realize this instrument as a management tool not only financial control.

Cuidando de pacientes em fase terminal: a perspectiva de alunos de enfermagem El cuidando de pacientes en fase terminal: la perspectiva de los alumnos de enfermería Taking care of terminal patients: nursing student's perspective

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Maria Lúcia Araújo Sadala

2009-06-01

Full Text Available Este estudo busca compreender como alunos de graduação em Enfermagem percebem a si mesmos ao cuidar de pacientes em fase terminal e expor os significados da experiência vivida. Foram entrevistados 14 alunos, respondendo à questão: Como se mostra a você o cuidar do paciente na fase terminal? Para os alunos, é sempre uma experiência dolorosa, que os coloca face a face com suas fragilidades e inseguranças. Eles atribuem suas dificuldades à própria incapacidade de aceitar a morte e ao despreparo e inexperiência. Relatam que falta apoio dos profissionais com quem compartilham esse cuidado. No que se refere à formação profissional, para alguns a experiência foi positiva, apesar das dificuldades; outros a avaliam negativamente, resultando em rejeição a situações semelhantes. Novas investigações sobre o tema são necessárias para aprofundar e ampliar a reflexão para o âmbito da formação dos enfermeiros em nível nacional.Este estudio busca comprender como los alumnos del curso de Enfermería perciben el cuidar de pacientes en fase terminal y exponer los significados de la experiencia vivida. Fueron entrevistados 14 alumnos, respondiendo a la pregunta: ¿Qué le parece a usted cuidar de un paciente en fase terminal? Para los alumnos, siempre es una experiencia dolorosa, que los coloca frente a frente con sus fragilidades e inseguridades. Atribuyen sus dificultades a la propia incapacidad de aceptar la muerte y a la falta de preparación e inexperiencia. Relatan que les falta apoyo de los profesionales con quien comparten ese cuidado. En lo que se refiere a la formación profesional, para algunos la experiencia fue positiva, a pesar de las dificultades; otros la evalúan negativamente, resultando en rechazo a situaciones semejantes. Nuevas investigaciones sobre el tema son necesarias, en el sentido de profundizar y ampliar la reflexión dentro del ámbito de formación de los enfermeros a nivel nacional.The aim of this study is

Validasi Sistem Skoring Rondinelli untuk Mendeteksi Komplikasi Infeksi Berat pada Pasien Leukemia Limfoblastik Akut L1 dengan Demam Neutropenia Selama Kemoterapi Fase Induksi

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Renno Hidayat

2016-11-01

Kesimpulan. Sistem skoring Rondinelli merupakan instrumen yang cukup baik untuk mendeteksi komplikasi infeksi berat pada anak dengan LLA-L1 yang mengalami demam neutropenia selama pemberian kemoterapi fase induksi.

Diagnóstico angiográfico dos hematomas subdurais: valor da fase venosa em incidência sagital

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José Zaclis

1955-12-01

Full Text Available Êste trabalho tem por fim demonstrar o valor da fase venosa em incidência sagital no diagnóstico angiográfico dos hematomas subdurais. Êle é baseado em 8 casos verificados cirürgicamente, dois dos quais com hematoma bilateral, compreendendo um total de 10 hematomas subdurals demonstrados pela angiografia cerebral. Em 9 exemplares a elipse avascular que caracteriza essa entidade nosológica só apareceu na fase venosa; sòmente em um caso êsse sinal patognomônico foi claramente revelado na fase arterial em incidência ântero-posterior. O arteriograma mostra, apenas, às mais das vêzes, deslocamento da artéria cerebral anterior e seus ramos para o lado oposto àquele em que se encontra o hematoma, como acontece nos casos de lesões expansivas em geral. Menos freqüentemente os principais troncos arteriais do encéfalo não sofrem modificações no seu trajeto, apesar do espaço intracraniano ocupado pelos hematomas. A existência de hematoma subdural no interior de um hemicrânio sem desvio da artéria cerebral anterior, embora não implique necessàriamente na existência de outra coleção sangüínea do lado oposto, é altamente sugestiva dessa dupla lesão. A exploração bilateral nesses casos é, portanto, obrigatória. Dos três casos desta série em que a angiografia em um dos lados revelou a elipse avascular característica e artéria cerebral anterior com trajeto normal, a angiografia do lado oposto resultou positiva em dois dêles e negativa em um. Pôsto que alguns Serviços especializados não sejam dotados de equipamento para angiografia em séries, o autor recomenda o flebograma em incidência sagital como tempo obrigatório, mesmo que para tanto seja necessária nova injeção de contraste.

Avaliação morfológica do oviduto e qualidade de ovos de poedeiras comerciais (Gallus gallus) em diferentes fases de produção.

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Fátima Naomi Takata

2006-01-01

As linhagens de poedeiras comerciais existentes atualmente no mercado foram melhoradas geneticamente para produzir o máximo de ovos a um custo mínimo. Um fato importante para a continuidade desta evolução, é o conhecimento celular do oviduto ("fabrica do ovo"). Na galinha (Gallus gallus) o oviduto é descrito como sendo um tubo muscular tortuoso, cujo comprimento é estimado entre 14 e 19 cm na fase de não postura e de 42 a 86 cm durante a fase de postura. Abre-se próximo ao ovário e termina na...

UM MODELO MARKOVIANO DE DECISÃO PARA A OTIMIZAÇÃO DE UM SISTEMA DE MANUTENÇÃO COM TEMPOS DE REPARO COXIANOS E FASES NÃO OBSERVÁVEIS

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Rodrigues Rita de Cássia Meneses

2001-01-01

Full Text Available Neste artigo analisa-se um sistema de manutenção de máquinas com dois servidores diferentes, tempos até a quebra das máquinas exponencialmente distribuídos e tempos de reparo seguindo uma distribuição do tipo fase com configuração de Cox. Consideram-se dois modelos que se diferenciam pela possibilidade ou não de se observar as fases das distribuições do tipo fase: um modelo com informação completa e um modelo com informação parcial. No primeiro caso, modela-se o sistema por um processo markoviano de decisão a tempo contínuo e no segundo por um processo markoviano de decisão com informação parcial, conforme este é definido em Hordijk & Loeve (1994. Resultados numéricos são apresentados

ESTUDIO DE LAS FASES MINERALÓGICAS DEL CLÍNKER EN UNA CEMENTERA ESPAÑOLA, UTILIZANDO EL MÉTODO DE RIETVELD

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ANA M. CASTAÑÓN

2012-01-01

Full Text Available Con el objetivo de implantar un método de control de calidad de forma continua en una fábrica de cementos española, para mejorar las características del producto final, se están desarrollando nuevas metodologías de caracterización. El método de Rietveld [1] se ha utilizado con éxito para analizar la composición de las fases principales del clínker. Utilizando esta metodología, se ha llevado a cabo un estudio para cuantificar adecuadamente la fase minoritaria de Cal Libre, de gran importancia en la calidad del clínker. El método ha permitido obtener unos resultados satisfactorios en muestras cuyos contenidos superan el 3% de CaO. Estos resultados son posibles combinando adecuadamente las técnicas de difracción y fluorescencia de rayos-X, así como los resultados del análisis por vía química.

Equilibrio de fases de sistemas compostos por oleos vegetais, acidos graxos e etanol hidratado.

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Cintia Bernardo Gonçalves

2004-01-01

Resumo: Este trabalho de tese de doutoramento teve como objetivo avaliar vários aspectos do processo de extração líquido-líquido (ELL) como uma rota alternativa para a desacidificação de óleos vegetais. O conhecimento do equilíbrio de fases do sistema de interesse é essencial para o bom planejamento e desenvolvimento do processo de ELL. O presente trabalho apresenta dados de equilíbrio para sistemas compostos por óleos vegetais (milho/palma), ácidos graxos (oléico/ palmítico) e solvente (etan...

en fase líquida

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Alba Nelly Ardila Arias

2007-01-01

Full Text Available Se comparó la reactividad del hidrógeno puro, el isopropanol y el ácido fórmico como agentes reductores en la hidrodecloración catalítica de percloroetileno en fase líquida con 0,8% Pd/TiO2 sol-gel bajo condiciones de reacción moderadas. Además, se estudió el efecto de la cantidad de agua y de hidróxido de sodio adicionados a la mezcla de reacción. Los catalizadores frescos y usados se caracterizaron por espectroscopia de absorción atómica (AAS, quimisorción de H2,adsorción-desorción de N2, difracción de rayos X (DRX, reducción con hidrógeno a temperatura programada (TPR-H2, análisis termogravimétrico (TGA-DTG, espectroscopia de reflectancia difusa UV-Vis (UV-Vis DRS, desorción de NH3 a temperatura programada (TPD-NH3 y microscopía de transmisión electrónica (TEM. Los mejores resultados de HDC se obtuvieron con hidrógeno e isopropanol como agentes reductores. La adición de NaOH aumenta significativamente la conversión del PCE con los tres agentes reductores; no obstante, es importante optimizar la cantidad que se debe adicionar, ya que un exceso afecta negativamente la reacción de HDC. Los resultados de la caracterización realizada a los catalizadores frescos y usados revela ciertos cambios como: disminución del área superficial, incremento de la acidez superficial, disminución de la dispersión y aumento en el tamaño de las partículas de paladio. Sin embargo, algunas características como la carga de paladio, la estructura cristalina del soporte y los estados de oxidación del paladio no se modificaron.

Phase transformations in air plasma-sprayed yttria-stabilized zirconia thermal barrier coatings

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Julián D. Osorio

2014-01-01

Full Text Available En este trabajo, las transformaciones de fase en Recubrimientos de Barrera Térmica (TBC constituidos por ZrO 2 – 8 wt.% Y2O3 (zirconia - 8 wt.% ytrria fueron estudiados a través de Difracción de Rayos X (XRD y refinamiento Rietveld. Las muestras de TBC fueron depositadas mediante aspersión por plasma atmosférico sobre un sustrato tipo Inconel 625 y fueron tratadas térmicamente con dos condiciones diferentes: en la primera se utilizó una temperatura de 1100oC con tiempos de exposición entre 1 hora y 1000 horas; en la segunda las muestras fueron sometidas a temperaturas entre 700oC y 1100o durante 50 horas. De acuerdo a los resultados obtenidos mediante refinamiento Rietveld el contenido de fase cúbica en el recubrimiento (TC se incrementa con el tiempo y la temperatura, desde 7.3 wt.% hasta 15.7 wt.% después de 1000 horas a 1100oC. La fase cúbica en grandes cantidades es indeseable debido a que presenta inferiores propiedades mecánicas cuando se compara con la fase tetragonal. Después de 800 horas de exposición a alta temperatura, el contenido de Y2O3 en la fase tetragonal se reduce hasta 6.6 wt.% y una fracción de la fase tetragonal transforma a monoclínica durante el enfriamiento. La fase monoclínica alcanza 18.0 wt.% después de 1000 horas. Esta fase es también indeseable porque además de tener una mayor conductividad térmica, la transformación de tetragonal a monoclínica viene acompañada de un cambio volumétrico de alrededor de 5% que promueve la formación y propagación de grietas, las cuales comprometen la integridad del recubrimiento.

Relação Hipsométrica para Pinus taeda L. em Diferentes Fases do Ciclo de Corte

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Marcos Felipe Nicoletti

Full Text Available RESUMO O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar as diferentes etapas do ciclo de corte, buscando uma relação hipsométrica adequada para estimar alturas dessas diferentes fases em um reflorestamento de Pinus taeda. Foram realizados cinco tratamentos, sendo o quinto a junção dos dados pertencentes aos demais tratamentos (modelo reduzido. A amostragem seguiu o método de área fixa, no qual o tamanho das parcelas e o número de árvores dominantes diferenciaram-se nos ciclos de corte. Definiu-se a localização das parcelas através de amostragem aleatória simples (oito parcelas por ciclo de corte. Foram determinadas as estatísticas de ajustes, coeficiente de determinação ajustado, erro-padrão e análise de resíduos. Efetuou-se o teste de identidade de Graybill para verificação da necessidade da utilização de diferentes modelos para distintas classes de idade. Os resultados comprovaram que existem diferenças significativas entre adotar-se um modelo específico para cada fase e utilizar um único melhor modelo para o povoamento total.

Incorporación de la fase Zn7Sb2O12 previamente sintetizada en varistores cerámicos basados en ZnO

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Caballero, A. C.

2002-02-01

Full Text Available During the sintering process of ZnO-Bi2O3-Sb2O3 based varistors, different reactions take place. The formation of the Zn7Sb2O12 spinel phase occurs between 900 and 1100ºC depending on the composition of the material. The spinel phase acts as ZnO grain growth inhibitor and its distribution on the whole material as a secondary phase in the matrix of ZnO grains determines the kinetics of grain growth. However, it is difficult to control the nucleation and growth of this phase, and this concerns on the final grain size and consequently on the characteristics of the varistor device. The present study has focused on the incorporation of the previously synthesized spinel phase. Scanning Electronic Microscopy analysis of sintered samples reveals a better control of microstructure in those materials with the synthesized spinel phase. The electrical behaviour of these materials agrees with the microstructural features and a greater reproducibility is observed.Una de las reacciones que tiene lugar durante la sinterización de varistores cerámicos basados en el sistema ZnO-Bi2O3-Sb2O3 es la formación de la fase Zn7Sb2O12, de estructura tipo espinela, que ocurre en el intervalo de temperaturas comprendido entre 900 y 1100ºC, dependiendo de la composición específica del material. Esta fase es la responsable del control del crecimiento de grano y su distribución en el seno del material como una segunda fase dispersa en la matriz mayoritaria de granos de ZnO determinará la cinética del crecimiento de los granos. Sin embargo, el proceso de nucleación y crecimiento de esta fase resulta difícil de controlar cuantitativamente, aspecto que se refleja en las características finales del dispositivo varistor obtenido. En el presente trabajo se analiza el efecto de la incorporación de la fase espinela previamente sintetizada a partir de los óxidos de zinc y antimonio. El análisis mediante Microscopía Electrónica de Barrido (MEB de la microestructura de

O valor da fase sem contraste na tomografia computadorizada do abdome The role of the unenhanced phase in the routine abdominal computed tomography

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Ana Paula Klautau Leite

2008-10-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Determinar o valor agregado da fase sem meio de contraste da tomografia computadorizada do abdome em pacientes sem diagnóstico determinado ou em estadiamento tumoral. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Estudo prospectivo e transversal em 100 pacientes consecutivos submetidos a tomografia computadorizada abdominal sem e com meio de contraste intravenoso. Dois examinadores avaliaram todos os exames, procurando estabelecer, através da fase com meio de contraste intravenoso (primeira análise e posteriormente através da fase sem contraste (segunda análise, o diagnóstico principal e os secundários em função da indicação clínica do exame. Mediu-se a freqüência de mudança diagnóstica decorrente da análise combinada das fases pré- e pós-contraste intravenoso. Casos que tiveram mudança diagnóstica foram avaliados por especialistas clínicos para determinar se implicaria mudanças de conduta. RESULTADOS: Diagnósticos principal e secundário foram modificados em 1 e 18 casos, respectivamente (p = 1,000; p = 0,143. Os diagnósticos modificados foram: esteatose, definição de nódulo em adrenal, nefrolitíase, classificação de cistos renais e calcificação hepática. Nos casos em que a fase sem contraste modificou o diagnóstico, os especialistas mudaram sua conduta em 14/19 (73% dos pacientes (p = 0,038. CONCLUSÃO: A fase sem contraste não modificou significativamente o diagnóstico principal ou secundário. Porém, as mudanças nos diagnósticos secundários influenciaram na conduta adotada pelos especialistas.OBJECTIVE: To determine the role of the unenhanced phase of abdominal computed tomography in patients without a definite diagnosis or undergoing tumor staging. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A prospective and transversal study was developed with 100 consecutive patients submitted to unenhanced and contrast-enhanced abdominal computed tomography. Two observers evaluated all the computed tomography images in the contrast-enhanced phase

La transición de fase I4/mcm→Pm3m en Sr0.5Ba0.5HfO3-δ

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Lamas, D.

2001-08-01

Full Text Available The effect of partial substitution of cations in AMO3 compounds have been studied because the physical properties and applications of these materials can be improved. In particular we are interested in the Sr1-xBaxHfO3 family. In SrHfO3 the phase transition to cubic structure has been observed to occur when the angle between two consecutive oxygen octahedra tends to zero. Instead in BaHfO3 no phase transition was observed. These facts were attributed to depend on the atomic radius of A cation. In this contribution the study of Sr0.5Ba0.5HfO3 oxide is shown. The compound was prepared by the high temperature solid state reaction method and analyzed by X-ray diffraction and Perturbed Angular Correlation (PAC Spectroscopy at different temperatures. Diffraction studies revealed that about 400-420º C a structural phase transition from I4/mcm to Pm3m occurred by tending to zero the rotation angle. By PAC this transition was also observed. In the cubic phase the electric field gradient EFG measured were produced by defects. The same model applied to interpreted the results of BaTi1-xHfxO3 and the atomic positions determined by X-ray diffraction were used. This calculation reproduces reasonably the temperature dependence of the EFG measured by PAC.Los AMO3, llamados perovskitas, forman una gran familia de compuestos que presentan a su vez diversas propiedades físicas así como enormes aplicaciones tecnológicas. Es posible expandir esta familia y sus propiedades y aplicaciones, sustituyendo los cationes Ay M originales por diferentes A’ y M’. En este trabajo presentamos el estudio del compuesto Sr1-xBaxHfO3 con x=0.5. El óxido fue preparado por el método de reacción en fase sólida. La muestra fue analizada por difracción de Rayos X y por espectroscopía de Correlaciones Angulares Perturbadas (PAC a diferentes temperaturas. El estudio cristalográfico del material reveló que entre 400 y 420ºC se produce la transición de fase de estructura I4

Determinação das fases na difração dos raios-X usando difração multipla de mais de tres-feixes

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Jose Marcos Sasaki

1988-01-01

Resumo: O problema da fase dos feixes de raios-X difratados é um dos maiores problemas da Cristalografia de Raios-X desde a descoberta de Laue e a resolução das primeiras estrutura por Bragg. Neste trabalho é desenvolvido um método teórico, baseado na teoria dinâmica de difração dos raios-X, para análise da intensidade de difração múltipla com o objetivo de obter informações sobre as fases num caso de difração múltipla de N-feixes com N > 3. Faz-se uso de comprimento de onda acima da borda de...

Detección de malas hierbas en girasol en fase temprana mediante imágenes tomadas con un vehículo aéreo no tripulado (UAV

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J.M. Peña

2014-12-01

Full Text Available La discriminación de malas hierbas en fase temprana con técnicas de teledetección requiere imágenes remotas de muy elevada resolución espacial (píxeles <5 cm. Actualmente, sólo los vehículos aéreos no tripulados (UAV pueden generar este tipo de imágenes. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar imágenes UAV tomadas con una cámara visible a diferentes alturas de vuelo (40, 60, 80 y 100 m y cuantificar la influencia de la resolución espacial en la discriminación de malas hierbas en fase temprana en un cultivo de girasol. Se aplicó un algoritmo de clasificación de imágenes basado en objetos, el cual se divide en dos fases principales: 1 detección de líneas de cultivo y 2 clasificación de cultivo, malas hierbas y suelo desnudo. El algoritmo resultó 100% eficaz en la detección de las líneas de cultivo en todos los casos (fase 1, así como en la detección de zonas libres de mala hierba en las imágenes tomadas a 40 y 60 m de altura. En las zonas con presencia de malas hierbas, los mejores resultados se obtuvieron en las imágenes tomadas a baja altura (40 m, con un 71% de marcos de muestreo clasificados correctamente (fase 2. La mayoría de los fallos de clasificación cometidos en todas las imágenes fueron falsos negativos, es decir, malas hierbas no detectadas debido a su pequeño tamaño en el momento de la captura de las imágenes. Por tanto, el siguiente paso sería desarrollar un estudio multitemporal para estudiar la detección de las malas hierbas en estados fenológicos más avanzados. Esto podría facilitar su discriminación en las imágenes y, por tanto, disminuir el porcentaje de falsos negativos en las clasificaciones.

Calculos de estabilidade e divisão de fases por meio de redes neurais artificiais

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Jones Erni Schmitz

2006-01-01

Resumo: A simulação de processos é um componente fundamental de uma grande variedade de atividades de Engenharia de Processos, tais como a Otimização Online, o controle em Tempo Real, a Identificação, etc. O cálculo de Equilíbrio de Fases é uma atividade fundamental em qualquer simulação de processos de separação. O elevado tempo computacional deste cálculo provocado pela sua natureza iterativa pode criar incompatibilidades entre a atividade de simulação e as aplicações em tempo real que ela ...

Diagramas de fase CVD para la preparación de películas de iridio

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Hernández-Pérez, M. A.

2002-02-01

Full Text Available Chemical vapor deposition (CVD phase diagrams for the preparation of iridium films were calculated using Gibbs free energy minimization method. Iridium acetylacetonate (Ir(acac₃ was used as the precursor compound. Two gaseous mixtures were analyzed: Ir(acac₃-O₂-Ar and Ir(acac₃-Ar. The deposition temperatures were explored from 300 to 800 °C, total pressures from 13.3 to 13.332 Pa and partial pressures of Ir(acac₃ gas and O₂ gas from 0.001 to 1.000 Pa. The Ir-CVD diagrams predicted that without Oj gas in the gaseous mixture, the solid films consist of two solid phases: Ir+C. In contrast, with addition of O₂ to the gaseous mixture, the Ir-CVD diagrams revealed different domains of condensed phases which include IrO₂, IrO₂+Ir, Ir and Ir+C. These diagrams allow one to establish the total pressures and temperatures required to obtain a given film composition. The results predicted by the Ir-CVD diagrams are in good agreement with those experimentally obtained.

Se calcularon los diagramas de fase CVD (Chemical Vapor Deposition para la preparación de películas de iridio empleando el método de minimización de la energía libre de Gibbs. Como precursor se utilizó acetilacetonato de iridio (Ir(acac₃. Se analizaron las mezclas gaseosas Ir(acac₃-O₂Ar e Ir(acac₃-Ar. Las temperaturas de depósito se exploraron desde 300 hasta 800 °C, las presiones totales de 13,3 a 13.332 Pa y las presiones parciales de los gases Ir(acac₃ y O₂ desde 0,001 hasta 1.000 Pa. Los diagramas Ir-CVD predicen que sin O₂ en la mezcla gaseosa, las películas constan de las fases sólidas Ir+C. En contraste, con adición de O₂ los diagramas Ir-CVD revelan diferentes dominios de fases sólidas que incluyen IrO₂, IrO₂+Ir, Ir e Ir+C. Estos diagramas permiten establecer

FASES DA TEORIA HUMANÍSTICA: ANÁLISE DA APLICABILIDADE EM PESQUISA

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Ana Luiza Paula de Aguiar Lélis

2014-01-01

Full Text Available El objetivo fue analizar la aplicabilidad de las fases de la Teoría Humanística en investigaciones, según un Modelo de Análisis de Teoría. Estudio de análisis crítica de teoría de enfermería con énfasis en la aplicabilidad. Fue efectuada una búsq ueda, en abril y mayo de 2013, en las bases de datos SCOPUS, Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature y en las disponibles en la Biblioteca Virtual de Salud. Fueron utilizados los descriptores: “Teoria de Enfermagem” y “Pesquisa em Enfermagem” y Nursing Theory y Nursing Research , en publicaciones del 2002 hasta mayo de 2013. Siete artículos fueron seleccionados, de los cuales cinco revelaron todas las etapas en su desarrollo, evidenciando la aplicabilidad de la Teoría Humanística como soporte metodológico e n las investigaciones de enfermería.

Leucograma e proteínas de fase aguda de ruminantes domésticos sadios e enfermos

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Simplicio, Kalina Maria de Medeiros Gomes [UNESP

2011-01-01

Foi avaliada a importância de proteínas de fase aguda (PFA) como biomarcadores de enfermidades em ruminantes domésticos. Para tal se determinou o proteinograma sérico e leucograma de 15 bovinos sadios e 15 doentes, 15 ovinos sadios e 15 doentes, e 15 caprinos sadios e 15 doentes. Todos foram submetidos a colheitas diárias de sangue durante sete dias, enquanto permaneciam internados no Hospital Veterinário da FCAV-UNESP, Câmpus de Jaboticabal. Em bovinos a haptoglobina teve destaque como bioma...

Estudio del genoma y del transcriptoma en las fases evolutivas de las gammapatías monoclonales

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López Corral, Lucía

2012-01-01

[ES] Los estudios epidemiológicos han demostrado que la práctica totalidad de los mielomas múltiples están precedidos por una fase premaligna. En este sentido, la gammapatía monoclonal de significado incierto (GMSI) y el mieloma múltiple quiescente (MMQ) se consideran entidades premalignas y asintomáticas que difieren de forma significativa en la tasa de progresión a MM sintomático. A pesar de su comportamiento clínico radicalmente distinto, las tres entidades comparten aparentemente la m...

Estudio del genoma y del transcriptoma en las fases evolutivas de las gammapatías monoclonales

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López Corral, Lucía

2013-01-01

[ES] Los estudios epidemiológicos han demostrado que la práctica totalidad de los mielomas múltiples están precedidos por una fase premaligna. En este sentido, la gammapatía monoclonal de significado incierto (GMSI) y el mieloma múltiple quiescente (MMQ) se consideran entidades premalignas y asintomáticas que difieren de forma significativa en la tasa de progresión a MM sintomático. A pesar de su comportamiento clínico radicalmente distinto, las tres entidades comparten aparentemente la misma...

Utilização de diferentes programas de restrição alimentar na fase de crescimento de matrizes avícolas tipo corte e seus efeitos na fase de produção Broiler breeding performance influenced by feeding programs during the growing period

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Neventon Santi Vieira

1995-01-01

Full Text Available Matrizes avícolas tipo corte necessitam de rigoroso controle de peso nas fases de recria e produção, para que tenham um desenvolvimento adequado e conseqüentemente, espressem seu máximo potencial produtivo. Objetivando avaliar o efeito de diferentes programas de arraçoamento na fase de recria sobre parâmetros produtivos de matrizes avícolas tipo corte, conduziu-se este experimento no Setor de Avicultura do Departamento de Zootecnia da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria/RS. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, constituído de 3 tratamentos com 4 repetições e, a unidade experimental foi de 67 aves. Na 1ª e 2ª semana de idade as aves receberam alimento à vontade, na 3ª e 4ª semana o arraçoamento foi diário controlado. Na fase de recria (5ª a 20ª semana de idade as aves foram submetidas aos tratamentos: T1: 5ª a 14ª semana = "Sip-a-Day"; 15ª a 17ª = 2 dias sim/1 dia não e da 18ª a 20ª semana, arraçoamento diário controlado; T2: 5ª a 8ª semana = "Skip-a-Day", 9ª a 16ª = 48-57-63 h de intervalo entre arraçoamentos. e da 17ª a 20ª semana = 2 dias sim/1 dia não; T3, 5ª a 20ª semana de idade = 48-57-63 h de intervalo entre arraçoamentos. Os resultados obtidos mostram que, o aumento do intervalo de arraçoamento (48-57-63h na fase de crescimento das aves, não afeta negativamente a performance produtiva das aves, podendo ser utilizado durante a fase de recria, tendo ainda por vantagem, a redução com os custos de mão de obra, pois as aves não são arraçoadas nos finais de semana.The body weight of broiler breeders must be rigorously controled during the growing and production periods in order to get on adequate development, and consequently to show his maximum potential of production. An experiment was conducted at the Poultry Section of the Animal Science Department of the Federal University of Santa Maria/RS, to evaluate the effect of different feeding programs during the growing period on

RESOLUCIÓN DEL PROBLEMA DE ENRUTAMIENTO DE VEHÍCULOS CON LIMITACIONES DE CAPACIDAD UTILIZANDO UN PROCEDIMIENTO METAHEURÍSTICO DE DOS FASES RESOLUÇÃO DO PROBLEMA DE ROTEAMENTO DE VEÍCULOS COM LIMITAÇÕES DE CAPACIDADE UTILIZANDO UM PROCEDIMENTO METAHEURÍSTICO DE DUAS FASES SOLVING THE CAPACITATED VEHICLE ROUTING PROBLEM USING A TWOPHASE METAHEURISTIC PROCEDURE

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Julio Mario Daza

2009-12-01

Full Text Available Este artículo presenta un procedimiento alternativo para resolver el problema de enrutamiento de vehículos con limitaciones de capacidad y flota homogénea (CVRP. Se propone un algoritmo metaheurístico que consta de la combinación de dos fases: diseño de rutas y planificación de la flota. La primera fase está compuesta de procedimientos heurísticos y metaheurísticos donde se construye una solución inicial que es mejorada mediante búsqueda tabú obteniendo soluciones no dominadas en tiempo de cálculo polinomial. Para la segunda fase, correspondiente a la planificación (scheduling de la flota, se propone abordar el problema partiendo de una analogía con el problema de programación de máquinas paralelas idénticas. Este procedimiento tiene como función objetivo minimizar el costo fijo causado por la utilización de la capacidad instalada. Esta alternativa se aplicó sobre una instancia generada aleatoriamente y una instancia real arrojando resultados significativos al compararse con las heurísticas evaluadas.Este artigo apresenta um procedimento alternativo para resolver o problema de roteamento de veículos com limitações de capacidade e frota homogênea (CVRP. Propõe-se um algoritmo metaheurístico que consta da combinação de duas fases: desenho de rotas e planejamento da frota. A primeira fase está composta de procedimentos heurísticos e metaheurísticos onde se constrói uma solução inicial que é melhorada mediante busca tabu obtendo soluções não dominadas em tempo de cálculo polinomial. Para a segunda fase, correspondente ao planejamento (scheduling da frota, se propõe abordar o problema partindo de uma analogia com o problema de programação de máquinas paralelas idênticas. Este procedimento tem como função objetivo minimizar o custo fixo causado pela utilização da capacidade instalada. Esta alternativa se aplicou sobre uma instância gerada aleatoriamente e uma instância real dando resultados

Analisis Kualitas Udara dan Keluhan Kesehatan yang Berkaitan dengan Saluran Pernafasan Pada Pekerja Batubara di PLTU Labuhan Angin Kabupaten Tapanuli Tengah Tahun 2017

OpenAIRE

Hutagaol, Sari Puspita

2017-01-01

131000721 Pembangkit listrik tenaga uap (PLTU) merupakan suatu kegiatan yang memproduksi tenaga listrik dengan menggunakan bahan bakar padat, cair, dan/atau gas untuk memanaskan air dalam ketel uap (boiler) yang memproduksi uap untuk menggerakkan turbin yang seporos dengan generator sehingga membangkitkan tenaga listrik. Salah satu pembangkit listrik tenaga uap yang terdapat di sumatera utara adalah pembangkit listrik tenaga uap (PLTU) Labuhan Angin di Kabupaten Tapanuli Tengah. Pembangkit...

LA VIOLENCIA A TRAVÉS DE LAS FASES DEL AMOR PASIONAL: PORQUE LA PASIÓN TAMBIÉN TIENE UN LADO OBSCURO

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Rozzana Sánchez Aragón

2006-06-01

Full Text Available La pasión ha sido caracterizada por la alegría, sensación de realización, optimismo, éxtasis y profunda idealización del objeto amoroso (Villanueva Orozco, 2004. Sin embargo, autores como Hatfield y Rapson (1993 reconocen un lado más oscuro teñido de desesperanza, ansiedad y vacío. Por su parte, Sánchez Aragón (2004 propone un continuo del amor pasional que va de la atracción al amor desesperado, en donde el matiz negativo se va intensificando básicamente durante el amor obsesivo en donde hay una falta de mutualidad en el sentimiento. Así, la violencia puede surgir y con ello facilitar la presencia de actos dañinos a las personas y a la relación romántica. Con base en esto, el presente trabajo tuvo por objetivos: a identificar las posibles diferencias en términos de atracción, enamoramiento, amor obsesivo y amor desesperado en receptores y ejecutores de violencia en la pareja, y b conocer la posible relación entre la violencia y las fases del continuo del amor pasional. Para ello se trabajó con una muestra de 518 personas residentes de la Ciudad de México a quienes se les aplicó: 1 Escala Multifacética del Amor Pasional (Sánchez Aragón, 2006 y 2 Escala de Violencia en la Pareja (Cienfuegos Martínez, Sánchez Aragón y Rivera Aragón, en prensa. Los resultados muestran efectos diferenciales en las primeras dos fases y correlaciones significativas principalmente entre los factores de violencia y las fases de amor obsesivo y amor desesperado.

Programas preventivos com antibióticos para suínos em fase de creche e efeitos no desempenho, características de carcaça e índices sanitários

OpenAIRE

Everson Zotti

2008-01-01

O uso de “pulsos” ou “choques” com antibióticos tem sido recomendado e utilizado amplamente em toda cadeia de produção de suínos no Brasil. Neste sentido, o objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar o melhor programa preventivo com antibióticos dispensado na fase de creche, que tenha efeitos consistentes e duradouros até o abate, reduzindo potenciais riscos de perdas pelas principais enfermidades entéricas e respiratórias nas fases de creche, crescimento e terminação. O trabalho foi realizado e...

Fases del kirchnerismo: de la ruptura a la afirmación particularista

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Francisco J. Cantamutto

2017-05-01

Full Text Available El presente artículo analiza el kirchnerismo como proceso político populista. Utilizando la bibliografía especializada, es posible reconstruir la modificación en las alianzas políticas y sociales del gobierno, marcadas por el conflicto con la fracción agropecuaria del bloque en el poder en 2008. Este conflicto produjo un cambio de énfasis en la estrategia política del gobierno, que modificó su discurso y alianzas. Con base en ello se propone una periodización del proceso en dos etapas, donde se pasa de una fase ligada a la ruptura populista del orden institucional previo a una segunda donde se produce una afirmación particularista de la identidad kirchnerista. El artículo analiza en detalle los nuevos rasgos del orden político a partir de 2008.

Interferência de fases de deformação Varisca na estrutura de Torre de Cabedal; sector de Alter-do-Chão – Elvas na Zona de Ossa-Morena

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Moreira, Noel; Dias, Rui; Araújo, António; Pedro, Jorge

2014-01-01

O Sector de Alter-do-Chão – Elvas é caracterizado por uma espessa sequência meta-sedimentar escalonada entre o Neoproterozóico (Ediacariano) e o Câmbrico superior. Na região de Vila Boim, surge uma janela estratigráfica onde toda a sequência se encontra exposta (estrutura de Torre de Cabedal) e onde foi possível colocar em evidência duas fases de deformação Varisca principais. A primeira fase de deformação é gerada em andar estrutural superior e caracteriza-se pela génese de dobras deitadas c...

MR cisternography with three-dimensional fast advanced spin-echo (FASE)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ohgi, Kazuyuki; Yamamoto, Hidefumi; Yokote, Hiroyuki

2000-01-01

To evaluate the usefulness of MR cisternography (MRC) combined with various postprocessing techniques and three-dimensional (3D) time-of-flight (TOF) MR angiography, MR cisternograms in 212 patients with various cranial nerve symptoms were retrospectively evaluated. MR examinations were performed with a 1.5 T MR imager using a 3D fast advanced spin-echo (FASE) sequence. Maximum intensity projection (MIP) had the advantage of demonstrating fluid-filled structures such as cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)-internal auditory canal (IAC) and Meckel's cave. Minimum intensity projection (Min IP) was especially useful in delineating neurovascular structures (NVS) in wide CSF space. Addition provided the most well-balanced images of NVS, and was superior to Min IP in the depiction of NVS in narrow CSF space. Virtual endoscopy and volume rendering had the potential to provide additional information in the evaluation of the three-dimensional relationships of NVS. Combination of 3D TOF MRA with MRC was helpful in differentiating arteries, veins, and nerves. With the judicious use of various postprocessing techniques and combined MRA, the value of MRC in the evaluation of patients with various cranial nerve symptoms can be further strengthened. (author)

MR cisternography with three-dimensional fast advanced spin-echo (FASE)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ohgi, Kazuyuki; Yamamoto, Hidefumi; Yokote, Hiroyuki [Japanese Red-Cross Medical Center, Tokyo (Japan)] [and others

2000-06-01

To evaluate the usefulness of MR cisternography (MRC) combined with various postprocessing techniques and three-dimensional (3D) time-of-flight (TOF) MR angiography, MR cisternograms in 212 patients with various cranial nerve symptoms were retrospectively evaluated. MR examinations were performed with a 1.5 T MR imager using a 3D fast advanced spin-echo (FASE) sequence. Maximum intensity projection (MIP) had the advantage of demonstrating fluid-filled structures such as cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)-internal auditory canal (IAC) and Meckel's cave. Minimum intensity projection (Min IP) was especially useful in delineating neurovascular structures (NVS) in wide CSF space. Addition provided the most well-balanced images of NVS, and was superior to Min IP in the depiction of NVS in narrow CSF space. Virtual endoscopy and volume rendering had the potential to provide additional information in the evaluation of the three-dimensional relationships of NVS. Combination of 3D TOF MRA with MRC was helpful in differentiating arteries, veins, and nerves. With the judicious use of various postprocessing techniques and combined MRA, the value of MRC in the evaluation of patients with various cranial nerve symptoms can be further strengthened. (author)

New Source Review and coal plant efficiency gains: How new and forthcoming air regulations affect outcomes

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Adair, Sarah K.; Hoppock, David C.; Monast, Jonas J.

2014-01-01

Forthcoming carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) regulations for existing power plants in the United States have heightened interest in thermal efficiency gains for coal-fired power plants. Plant modifications to improve thermal efficiency can trigger New Source Review (NSR), a Clean Air Act requirement to adopt of state-of-the-art pollution controls. This article explores whether existing coal plants would likely face additional pollution control requirements if they undertake modifications that trigger NSR. Despite emissions controls that are or will be installed under the Mercury and Air Toxics Standards (MATS) and Clean Air Interstate Rule (CAIR) or its replacement, 80% of coal units (76% of capacity) that are expected to remain in operation are not projected to meet the minimum NSR requirements for at least one pollutant: nitrogen oxides or sulfur dioxide. This is an important consideration for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and state policymakers as they determine the extent to which CO 2 regulation will rely on unit-by-unit thermal efficiency gains versus potential flexible compliance strategies such as averaging, trading, energy efficiency, and renewable energy. NSR would likely delay and add cost to thermal efficiency projects at a majority of coal units, including projects undertaken to comply with forthcoming CO 2 regulation. - Highlights: • We explore the status of the U.S. coal-fired fleet relative to New Source Review (NSR) requirements. • Modifications to improve thermal efficiency can trigger NSR. • Thermal efficiency gains may also be an important strategy for forthcoming CO 2 regulation. • 80% Of non-retiring coal-fired units are projected not to meet minimum NSR requirements. • NSR is an important consideration for the design of CO 2 regulations for existing plants

Proyecto Integral del río Cachi: estudio definitivo, obras 1era. fase (nivel licitación)

OpenAIRE

Corporación de Fomento y Desarrollo Económico y Social de Ayacucho

1984-01-01

Presenta un informe técnico que contiene el estudio a nivel licitación y que abarca las obras correspondientes a una primera fase de desarrollo del Proyecto integral río Cachi. En este sentido desarrolla los siguientes temas: información básica del proyecto, obras de derivación y trasvase, central hidroeléctrica Lambras, equipamiento electromecánico de la central, líneas de trasmisión, centros de transformación, sistemas de telecomunicaciones, caminos de acceso, programación y costo de las ob...

Eficacia do metodo Meir Schneider de autocuidado em pessoas com distrofias musculares progressivas : ensaio clinico fase II

OpenAIRE

Lea Beatriz Teixeira Soares

1999-01-01

Resumo: As pessoas com distrofias musculares progressivas vivem o limite do conhecimento médico e aguardam resultados de pesquisa da prevenção, reabilitação e mesmo a cura dos indivíduos portadores. Nesse contexto discute-se a eficácia do método Meir Schneider de autocuidado (self-healing) baseado em ensaio clínico fase II em 12 pessoas com distrofias musculares progressivas, sob tratamento ambulatorial intensivo e não intensivo. Foram atendidos 7 portadores de Distrofia Muscular Duchenne- DM...

Heat release from B4C oxidation in steam and air

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Belovsky, L.

1996-01-01

BWR and some PWR cores contain boron carbide (B 4 C) as neutron absorber. During a severe accident, the B 4 C can potentially react with steam under release of heat and hydrogen. Although models for B 4 C oxidation already exist in MELCOR and SCDAP/RELAP5, a development of a new model for another computer code seems to be difficult due to a missing comprehensive description of the current modelling methodology and scarce experimental data. The aim of this paper is to highlight the key points of the B 4 C oxidation using the existing available experimental data and to perform a simple heat balance analysis of the B 4 C/steam and B 4 C/air chemical reactions. The analysis of literature data shows that the B 4 C oxidation phenomenon is qualitatively well described below 1000 deg. C. However, no reliable data exist for the reaction kinetics especially above this temperature. It was found that the experimental results strongly depend on the experimental arrangement. The reaction heats, calculated in this study, indicate that the B 4 C oxidation is an exothermic reaction, releasing more heat in air than in steam. The formation of boric acids from the boron oxide increases the heat release from B 4 C by ∼ 10%, in the worst case. Although the total heat, released in a PWR core from the B 4 C oxidation, is probably much smaller than the heat released from the Zr/steam reaction, it is not excluded that the B 4 C oxidation can locally contribute to the damage of the control elements due to local overheating. Modelling of these phenomena is, however, very difficult due to the complex geometry of the liquefied control elements and due to absence of suitable data on the reaction kinetics. (author). 25 refs, 2 figs, 3 tabs

Variação do fluxo sanguíneo da artéria central da retina durante as diferentes fases do ciclo menstrual ovulatório Central retinal artery blood flow variation during menstrual cycle

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Luiz Carlos Viana

2007-03-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: avaliar a resistência vascular da artéria central da retina, por meio do fluxo Doppler, nas diferentes fases do ciclo menstrual ovulatório. MÉTODOS: estudo observacional, longitudinal e prospectivo com avaliação de 34 mulheres saudáveis, submetidas a estudo dopplerfluxométrico do fundo do olho para avaliação da resistência vascular da artéria central da retina nas posições sentada e deitada, durante quatro fases do ciclo menstrual: fase folicular inicial, fase folicular média, fase periovulatória e fase lútea média. A confirmação da ovulação no ciclo de estudo foi feita pela dosagem de progesterona sérica na fase lútea média. Foram avaliados os índices de pulsatilidade (IP e de resistência, e as velocidades máxima, mínima e média. RESULTADOS: a idade média foi de 29,7 anos. Não foram observadas diferenças entre os índices obtidos para ambos os olhos; assim, utilizamos as médias dos índices para realizar o cálculo estatístico. Quando comparadas às posições de realização do exame, detectou-se um IP maior na posição sentada; assim, as análises foram avaliadas em separado, respeitando-se a posição da paciente. O IP da artéria central da retina, avaliado com a paciente deitada, variou durante o ciclo menstrual, apresentando-se significativamente mais baixo nas fases folicular média (1,5±0,3 e periovulatória (1,5±0,3 quando comparadas às fases folicular precoce (1,7±0,4 e lútea média (1,7±0,4. Quando a avaliação foi feita com a paciente sentada não foram observadas diferenças para as diferentes fases do ciclo. CONCLUSÕES: num ciclo menstrual ovulatório ocorre diminuição da resistência vascular na artéria central da retina e posterior reversão do efeito, como demonstrado pelas variações do IP.PURPOSE: to evaluate the vascular blood flow of the central retinal arteries using dopplervelocimetry in the different phases of the ovulatory menstrual cycle. METHODS: we performed

Cintilografia de perfusão miocárdica e comprometimento cardíaco na fase indeterminada da doença de chagas

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Amalia Peix

2013-02-01

Full Text Available FUNDAMENTO: A cintilografia de perfusão miocárdica (CPM tem sido utilizada na avaliação da cardiopatia chagásica. OBJETIVO: Investigar o valor da CPM com tomografia computadorizada por emissão de fóton único (gated-SPECT para detectar comprometimento cardíaco precoce em pacientes chagásicos na fase indeterminada, que apresentam anomalias de movimento segmentar detectadas por exame de imagem por Doppler tecidual (IDT strain derivada. MÉTODOS: Foram incluídos 40 indivíduos (idade média: 25 ± 2 anos, 50% homens de uma área endêmica da doença de Chagas e com diagnóstico sorológico positivo. Todos foram submetidos à CPM com gated-SPECT de 2 dias (repouso e estresse e ecocardiografia. RESULTADOS: Trinta indivíduos (75% apresentaram resultados normais. Em três casos (8%, a CPM apresentou resultado ligeiramente anormal e em sete foi ambígua. Em todos os casos com defeitos reversíveis, os segmentos afetados foram coincidentes com aqueles com anomalias de movimento. Foi encontrada redução na fração de ejeção ventricular esquerda (FEVE > 5% (ΔLVEF% < -5 pós-estresse em 11 dos 40 indivíduos (28%. Tanto o desvio padrão fasederivado como a largura da banda do histograma mostraram diferença significativa entre o pós-estresse e a fase de repouso. Em ambos os casos, houve ligeira dessincronia em repouso normalizado no pós-estresse. CONCLUSÃO: Uma abordagem estresse-repouso com gated-SPECT é válida para detectar alterações miocárdicas precoces, bem como dessincronia intraventricular na fase indeterminada da doença de Chagas em pacientes com anomalias no movimento segmentar previamente detectadas pela IDT strain derivada.

EFEKTIVITAS KAPORIT PADA PROSES KLORINASI TERHADAP PENURUNAN BAKTERI Coliform DARI LIMBAH CAIR RUMAH SAKIT X SAMARINDA (The Effectiveness of Calcium Hypochlorite to Chlorination Process in Decreasing the Amount of Coliform Bacteria in the Wastewater of X

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Muhammad Busyairi

2016-07-01

Full Text Available ABSTRAK Kaporit pada limbah cair rumah sakit digunakan sebagai desinfektan, tetapi, penggunaan kaporit dengan dosis yang tidak tepat akan menyebabkan pembentukan senyawa Trihalomethane (THMs yang beracun dan bersifat karsinogenik. Pada limbah cair rumah sakit X Samarinda, diperoleh nilai MPN Coliform sebesar >160.000 MPN / 100 mL dengan residu klor sebesar 0 ppm. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan dosis optimum dari penggunaan kaporit menggunakan titik Breakpoint Chlorination (BPC dan pengaruhnya terhadap penurunan Coliform. Analisis dilakukan dengan titrasi iodometri dan menghitung jumlah bakteri Coliform memakai metode Most Probable Number (MPN. Penentuan dosis kaporit berdasarkan dosis optimum pada titik BPC dimaksudkan agar dapat menjaga residu klor dari penambahan dosis yang semakin meningkat. Hasil penelitian mempengarui rerata kadar bahan organik pada sampel limbah cair sebesar 137,26 ppm, sehingga dosis kaporit yang dibubuhkan dimulai dari 130-165 ppm. Titik BPC terjadi pada pembubuhan klor aktif 160 ppm untuk kedua waktu kontak yaitu 30 dan 40 menit. Pada titik BPC, waktu kontak 30 menit diperoleh rerata persentase penurunan nilai Coliform yaitu 98,21% sebesar 2.899 MPN / 100 mL dengan residu klor sebesar 88 ppm. Pada waktu kontak 40 menit diperoleh persentase penurunan bakteri Coliform hingga 98,83%, yaitu dari >160.000/100 mL menjadi 1.866/100 mL dengan residu klor 97,5 ppm. ABSTRACT Calcium hypochlorite of hospital wastewater serves as disinfectant, however, inappropriate dose of it will lead to the formation of Trihalomethane (THMs which is toxic and carcinogenic. The value of MPN Coliform of wastewater in X hospital Samarinda is >160.000 MPN / 100 mL with residual chlorine 0 ppm. This research aims at determining the optimum dose of calcium hypochlorite usage by using Breakpoint Chlorination curve and its effect to Coliform decrease. Further, the analysis is done by employing iodometric titration and the amount of Coliform

Providing Meaningful Learning for Students of the Sixth Grade of Middle School: a Study on the Moon Phases. (Breton Title: Propiciando Aprendizagem Significativa Para Alunos do Sexto Ano do Ensino Fundamental: um Estudo sobre as Fases da Lua.) Propiciando el Aprendizaje Significativo Para Alumnos del Sexto Nivel de la Educación General Básica: un Estudio sobre Las Fases de la Luna

Science.gov (United States)

Darroz, Luiz Marcelo; Samudio Pérez, Carlos Ariel; da Rosa, Cleci Werner; Heineck, Renato

2012-07-01

We relate in this article a didactic experience studying the moon phases with a group of middle school students of a private school of the municipality of Passo Fundo, RS. Based on David Ausubel's Meaningful Learning Theory, we have sought to develop a proposal following a didactic model which simulates the phases of the Moon, as based on the previous conceptions of the students. The signs of learning were evidenced by means of memory registries of the activity. From the obtained results we believe that the proposal achieved its goals, since the students were able to identify, differentiate and transfer the phenomenon of the moon phases to new contexts. Thus, it is concluded that a methodology focused on a meaningful content for the students is fundamental to the construction and genuine grasping of what is being learned. Neste artigo, relata-se uma experiência didática de estudo das fases da Lua com uma turma do 6° ano do Ensino Fundamental, de uma escola privada do município de Passo Fundo, RS. Tendo como fundamentação teórica a Teoria da Aprendizagem Significativa de David Ausubel, buscou-se desenvolver a proposta a partir de um modelo didático que simula as fases da Lua e com base nas concepções prévias dos estudantes. Os indícios da aprendizagem foram constatados através de registros de memórias da atividade. Pelos resultados apresentados, acredita-se que a proposta alcançou seus objetivos, uma vez que os estudantes conseguiram identificar, diferenciar e transferir o fenômeno das fases da Lua para novos contextos. Assim, conclui-se que uma metodologia com enfoque em um conteúdo significativo ao estudante é fundamental para a construção e compreensão genuína do que está sendo aprendido. En este artículo se relata una experiencia didáctica de estudio de las fases de la Luna con una clase de 6º año de la educación general básica de una escuela privada del municipio de Passo Fundo, RS. Teniendo como fundamentación teórica la Teor

40 CFR 97.140 - State trading budgets.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 20 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false State trading budgets. 97.140 Section...) FEDERAL NOX BUDGET TRADING PROGRAM AND CAIR NOX AND SO2 TRADING PROGRAMS CAIR NOX Allowance Allocations § 97.140 State trading budgets. The State trading budgets for annual allocations of CAIR NOX allowances...

Heterose em suínos na fase de aleitamento

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José Bento Sterman Ferraz

1991-12-01

Full Text Available Visando avaliar o ganho de produtividade, advindo da heterose, no peso de suínos em fase de aleitamento, analisaram-se os pesos ao nascimento(PO, 21 dias de idade (P21 e desmama (PD de 746leitões, sendo 201 da raça Landrace, 136 Wessex-Saddleback e 409 mestiços, pelo método dos quadrados mínimos, considerando-se, ainda, os efeitos fixos de época e ano de nascimento, ordem do parto, sexo do leitão e tamanho da leitegada, além de raças paterna e materna e suas interações. Os efeitos não genéticos tiveram influência significativa em quase todas as características. Os mestiços mostraram, em geral, pesos superiores aos puros, com estimativas de heterose de 2,6% para PO, 9,7% para P21 e 13,9% para PD, indicando a importância da herança não aditiva à medida que os leitões ficam menos dependentes de suas mães. Os efeitos de interação entre as raças paterna e materna foram cada vez maiores com o avançar da idade. Os resultados indicam haver ganho de produtividade coma utilização deste tipo de cruzamento.

Evaluación ambiental basado en el análisisdel ciclo de vida (ACV) en la fase de construcción de una edificación en cataluña

OpenAIRE

Ortiz, O.; Pasqualino, J.; Castells, F.

2010-01-01

Mediante la aplicación de la metodología del Análisis del Ciclo de Vida es posible evaluar el impacto ambiental dela fase de construcción a partir de los materiales de construcción, transporte, energía, y la gestión de residuos. Por lo tanto, un caso de estudio de una construcción en Cataluña ha sido aplicado. Toda la masa de materiales usados durante el ciclo de vida de la fase de construcción fue determinado en 1.88E+03 kg/m2 del cual la estructura representa el 41%, cimientos 25% y cerrami...

Prótesis total. Una innovación para el registro de trayectorias condíleas en la fase de plancha base y rodetes

OpenAIRE

Salsench Cabré, Juan; Samsó Manzanedo, Jorge; Nogueras Bayona, Joaquim

1993-01-01

Se hace una revisión bibliográfica del registro de trayectorias condíleas en la construcción de prótesis totales. Se presenta un nuevo método sencillo y eficaz, para su registro en la fase de planchas base y rodetes.

Isolasi dan Identifikasi Mikroba Lipolitik dari Limbah Cair Surimi dan Rajungan

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Devi Ambarwati Oktavia

2017-05-01

Full Text Available Industri pengolahan hasil perikanan di sepanjang pantai Utara Jawa seperti pengalengan rajungan di Cirebon (Jawa Barat dan pengolahan surimi di Kendal (Jawa Tengah, menghasilkan air limbah yang mengandung banyak protein dan lemak. Bakteri yang hidup di limbah yang banyak mengandung protein dan lemak tersebut diperkirakan memiliki kemampuan untuk menghidrolisis lemak menjadi asam lemak dan gliserol sehingga berpotensi untuk dimanfaatkan sebagai bioremedian alami bagi penanganan air limbah hasil perikanan di tempat lain. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan penapisan dan identifikasi bakteri lipolitik potensial sebagai bioremedian air limbah perikanan. Penapisan dilakukan terhadap 11 isolat bakteri lipolitik dari air limbah yang diambil dari industri pengalengan rajungan di Cirebon dan pengolahan surimi di Kendal dengan menggunakan media spesifik agar tributirin. Isolat bakteri lipolitik potensial ditentukan berdasarkan zona bening yang terbentuk di sekitar koloni, yaitu sekurang-kurangnya 6 mm. Isolat bakteri potensial ini selanjutnya diidentifikasi secara molekuler berdasarkan analisis sekuen 16S-rDNA. Dari penapisan diperoleh empat isolat bakteri potensial, yaitu isolat SPB, SHj, SOr dan SKn. Identifikasi molekuler menunjukkan bahwa isolat SPB dan SHj masing-masing adalah Serratia fonticola 10AdanBacillus cereus strain 103.2.2dengan kemiripan 97%, isolat SOr memiliki kemiripan 96% dengan Bacillus pumilus strain vit bac1 dan isolat SKn adalah Enterococcus pseudoavium strain L3C21K2dengan kemiripan 87%. Keempat isolat tersebut berpotensi untuk dimanfaatkan sebagai bioremedian pada air limbah dari industri pengolahan hasil perikanan di Indonesia.

Obtention of the pressed states by canonic transformations in the quantum space phase; Obtencion de estados comprimidos mediante transformaciones canonicas en el espacio fase cuantico

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Zuniga Segundo, A. [Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Mexico, D.F. (Mexico)

2001-10-01

In this work we introduce squeezed states with real and complex squeezing parameters directly obtained in the coherent-representation of the harmonic oscillator in quantum phase space. By means of the Fourier transform, we recover the usual coordinate states and compare these states with those obtained by another method in the coordinate representation. In addition we also describe numerically its time evolution in quantum phase space and the variances Q and P. [Spanish] En este trabajo presentamos estados comprimidos con parametros de compresion reales y complejos, obtenidos directamente en la representacion de estado coherente del oscilador armonico en el espacio fase cuantico. Por medio de una transformada de Fourier recuperamos los estados en la representacion de coordenadas y los comparamos con aquellos obtenidos por otro metodo. Ademas describimos numericamente sus evoluciones temporales en el espacio fase cuantico y calculamos las varianzas de Q y P.

Diagrama de fases temperatura-campo magnético de cadeias quânticas ferrimagnéticas

OpenAIRE

SILVA, Wellington Moreira da

2015-01-01

O trabalho consiste no estudo de cadeias quânticas ferrimagnéticas associadas a compostos ferrimagnéticos quase-unidimensionais de spins mistos s − S, com s = 1/2 e S = 1. Estudamos as fases induzidas pela aplicação de um campo magnético, B, e efeitos de temperatura, T; em particular as excitações de baixa energia e as curvas de magnetização em função de B. A modelagem teórica e realizada através do hamiltoniano de Heisenberg com acoplamentos de superexchange antiferromagnéticos, J, entre sít...

Efectivitat de la hipoteràpia en persones amb demència tipus Alzheimer de fase lleu.

OpenAIRE

Beà Muro, Laura

2015-01-01

La hipoteràpia és més efectiva que un programa convencional d’estimulació cognitiva en el tractament de pacients amb demència tipus Alzheimer de fase lleu no institucionalitzats? En l’actualitat, no existeix cap tractament que detingui l'avanç de la malaltia d'Alzheimer (MA). Les teràpies farmacològiques en persones que pateixen la MA en estadi lleu i moderat es complementen cada vegada amb major freqüència amb tractaments no farmacològics. L'objectiu és el de minimitzar l'impacte neurodeg...

Meningoencefalite na fase aguda do sarampo : relato de seis casos

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EL-FAR FABIANE

2000-01-01

Full Text Available Apresentamos 6 casos de meningoencefalite aguda por sarampo, diagnosticados durante epidemia na cidade de São Paulo, em 1997. Os prontuários dos 6 pacientes foram analisados retrospectivamente. O diagnóstico de meningoencefalite baseou-se nas alterações clínicas e liquóricas, e foi confirmado por sorologia específica. Dos 467 pacientes com sarampo atendidos no Instituto de Infectologia Emílio Ribas nesse período, estes 6 evoluíram com alterações neurológicas e liquóricas durante a fase exantemática, sendo a sonolência e rigidez de nuca os achados mais frequentes. Os pacientes tinham entre 2 meses e 28 anos de idade. O exame do líquor mostrou pleocitose em todos. Não houve correlação entre a severidade do quadro clínico e liquórico com a evolução. Em 4 casos foi necessária internação na unidade de terapia intensiva; destes, 2 foram intubados. Apenas 2 pacientes apresentaram alterações na tomografia computadorizada de crânio. Todos tiveram boa evolução, sem sequelas.

Pembuatan Arang Aktif dari Tempurung Kelapa dan Aplikasinya untuk Penjernihan Asap Cair

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Siti Jamilatun

2014-04-01

Full Text Available Arang aktif merupakan senyawa karbon amorph, yang dapat dihasilkan dari bahan-bahan yang mengandung karbon atau dari arang yang diperlakukan dengan cara khusus untuk mendapatkan permukaan yang lebih luas. Arang aktif dapat mengadsorpsi gas dan senyawa-senyawa kimia tertentu atau sifat adsorpsinya selektif, tergantung pada besar atau volume pori-pori dan luas permukaan.. Arang aktif akan dibuat dari arang hasil pirolisis tempurung kelapa.dan diimplementasikan untuk menjernihkan asap cairnya. Adapun langkah yang pertama membuat arang aktif dari tempurung kelapa adalah, membuat arang tempurung kelapa dengan membersihkan tempurung kelapa terlebih dahulu dari bahan-bahan pengotor seperti tanah, kerikil. Kemudian mengeringkannya dibawah sinar matahari, selanjutnya membakar tempurung kering pada drum/bak pembakaran dengan suhu 300-500 0C selama 3-5 jam. Langkah yang kedua adalah arang hasil pembakaran direndam dengan bahan kimia CaCl2 dan ZnCl2 (kadar 25 % selama 12 sampai 24 jam untuk menjadi arang aktif. Selanjutnya melakukan pencucian dengan air suling/air bersih hingga kotoran atau bahan ikutan dapat dipisahkan. Arang aktif basah dihamparkan pada rak dengan suhu kamar untuk ditiriskan, kemudian dikeringkan dalam oven pada suhu 110 – 8000C selama 3 jam. Suhu aktivasi mempengaruhi kualitas karbon aktif yang terbentuk. Dari uji kualitas karbon aktif yang dilakukan, kualitas karbon aktif yang terbaik diperoleh pada suhu 800oC dengan kadar air 1,3 %, kadar abu 0,60 % memenuhi standar SII 0258-79 dan memiliki daya serap terhadap kadar iod sebesar 580,0 mg/g yang memenuhi standar SNI 06-3730. Penjernihan air limbah rumah tangga, air berwarna menggunakan karbon aktif dari suhu aktivasi 800oC menghasilkan air yang jernih, tidak berbau dan memenuhi pH standar air (7,0-7,5.

STUDI BIODEGRADASI POLI HIDROKSI BUTIRAT DALAM MEDIA CAIR (Biodegradation of Poly Hydroxy Butyrate in Liquid Medium

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Eka Sari

2007-11-01

Full Text Available ABSTRAK  Poli hidroksi butirat (PHS termasuk dalam golongan bioplastik. Plastik jenis ini diharapkan dapat menjadi plastik altematif yang ramah lingkungan sebagai pengganti plastik sintetis yang bersifat sangat suI it terdegradasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan menguji potensi biodegradabilitas PHS komersial dalam media cair dengan menggunakan lumpur aktif dan unit pengolahan limbah pabrik plastik sintetik. Identifikasi proses degradasi dilakukan dengan cara mengamati perubahan karakteristik PHS yang meliputi perubahan visual, perubahan morfologi permukaan, penurunan berat, perubahan kristalinitas, dan perubahan berat molekul selama 15 pekan inkubasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kerusakan PHS se1ama proses degradasi dapat dilihat secara visual. Disamping itu, morfologi permukaan mengalami perubahan signifikan. Adapun penurunan berat, kristalinitas, dan berat molekul berturut-turut mencapai 22,91 %,57.44 %, dan 29,52 %.   ABSTRACT  Poly hidroxy butyrate (PHB is a member of bioplastic group. This type of plastic is expected to be alternative plastic which is environmently friendly to replace synthetic plastic that is known to be very difficult to degrade. This research aims to test the biodegradability of commercial PHB in liquid mediums used activated sludge from waste water treatment plant in plastic synthetic factory. Identification of biodegradation process  was done by monitoring the changes of PHB characteristics including visual change, surface morphology change, reduction of weight, reduction of crystallinity, and reduction of molecular weight during 15 weeks incubation. The result shows that  the damage of PHB sample during biodegradation could be seen visually and liquid medium show the existence of change which can be seen visually and the surface morphology of PHB changed significantly. Weight reduction, crystallinity  reduction, and molecular  weight reduction  revealed of 22.91%, 57.44%, and 29.52% respectively.

Perfil pragmático de crianças surdas em diferentes fases lingüísticas Deaf children's pragmatic profile in different linguistic phases

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Ida Lichtig

2008-01-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a interferência da fase lingüística no perfil comunicativo de crianças surdas. MÉTODOS: Trinta crianças surdas participaram deste estudo, sendo 15 crianças em fase pré-lingüística e 15 em fase lingüística (independente da modalidade comunicativa - língua oral ou língua de sinais, na faixa etária de 41 a 59 meses. Foram analisadas 30 gravações das habilidades comunicativas da criança, em situação de interação com a examinadora. Foi utilizado o Protocolo do Perfil Pragmático das Habilidades Iniciais da Comunicação para identificar quais as habilidades comunicativas ocorridas e qual a sua freqüência de ocorrência. RESULTADOS: Os dois grupos apresentaram basicamente as mesmas habilidades comunicativas; entretanto, o grupo Lingüístico apresentou maior freqüência de ocorr��ncia, principalmente nas habilidades relativas a intenções comunicativas e respostas para comunicação. CONCLUSÕES: Há relação direta entre a complexidade lingüística (independente da modalidade e o perfil comunicativo da criança surda, ou seja, a criança em fase lingüística apresenta maior freqüência de ocorrência no uso das habilidades comunicativas mais complexas e elaboradas.PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to ascertain and to assess the interference of deaf children's linguistic level in their communicative abilities. METHODS:Thirty deaf children participated in this study, 15 in the pre-linguistic phase and 15 in the linguistic phase, independent of the communicative modality used - either oral or sign language. Their age ranged from 41 to 59 months. Thirty videotape recordings of the deaf children's communicative abilities assessment during their interaction with the examiner were analyzed. The Communicative Abilities Pragmatic Profile was used in order to identify the communicative abilities and their frequency of occurrence. RESULTS: Both groups basically presented the same

Estado nutricional e consumo alimentar de mulheres jovens na fase lútea e folicular do ciclo menstrual Nutritional status and food consumption of young women in the luteal and follicular phases of the menstrual cycle

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Larissa Almenara Silva dos Santos

2011-04-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Avaliar o estado nutricional e a ingestão alimentar de mulheres adultas sadias durante o ciclo menstrual. MÉTODOS: Quarenta e cinco voluntárias foram acompanhadas durante três meses. A avaliação do estado nutricional foi baseada no índice de massa corporal, porcentagem de gordura e água corporal. Foram aplicados seis registros alimentares para análise da ingestão dos grupos de alimentos, usando como base o guia alimentar da pirâmide. Para a observação do sintoma "desejos alimentares", foram utilizados três "mapas de sintomas diários". RESULTADOS: Os valores médios de índice de massa corporal e de porcentagem de gordura corporal apresentaram-se normais em ambas as fases, entretanto foi observado maior percentual de mulheres com água corporal acima do padrão na fase lútea (77%. O consumo de alimentos do grupo complementar foi maior na fase lútea. Todos os outros grupos de alimentos, com exceção do grupo de carnes, apresentaram consumo inferior às recomendações, em ambas as fases. A intensidade do sintoma "desejos alimentares" foi leve durante o ciclo menstrual, não sendo observada diferença significativa entre as fases. O sintoma "desejos alimentares" associou-se positivamente com o aumento da ingestão do grupo complementar na fase lútea. CONCLUSÃO: O ciclo menstrual influencia o comportamento alimentar e leva à retenção hídrica, na fase lútea, em mulheres adultas sadias.OBJECTIVE: This study assessed the nutritional status and food intake of healthy young women during the menstrual cycle. METHODS: Forty-five volunteers were followed for three months. Their nutritional status was determined by body mass index, body fat and total body water. Six food recall instruments were used to evaluate food group intake according to the food guide pyramid. Food cravings were detected by three daily symptom charts. RESULTS: The mean body mass index and body fat were normal in both phases; however, there was a higher

Professor om brexit-åbning: Det bliver sværere i næste fase

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Wind, Marlene

2017-01-01

Professor og centerleder, Marlene Wind, var den 8. december i Vejle Amts Folkeblad, hvor hun kommenterede på udviklingen i Brexit-forhandlingerne i forlængelse af udmeldingen om, at forhandlingerne er klar til den næste fase. Professor Wind kalder dette for et gennembrud, men pointerer også at de...... videre forhandlinger vil være på EU’s præmisser. De videre forhandlinger vil blandt andet handle om en kommende handelsaftale mellem de to parter, til hvilket professor Wind påpeger, at det kan tage mange år, før man har en sådan i hus. Samtidig vurderer Wind også, at nogle leave-vælgere måske vil blive...

ANÁLISE DAS FINALIZAÇÕES NA FASE ELIMINATÓRIA DA COPA DO MUNDO 2014

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Augusto Caron

2015-04-01

Full Text Available O Futebol mudou muito em relação há algumas décadas atrás, vem sendo cada vez mais motivo de estudos para aprimoramentos técnicos, táticos e físicos. Nota-se muitas maneiras diferentes de jogar, devido a culturas, escolas e estilos. Esse estudo contém grande importância para os profissionais do futebol e pesquisadores, pois trata de um tema atual e avaliou partidas com inúmeras peculiaridades táticas e técnicas.Objetivo: O objetivo do presente estudo foi uma análise das finalizações das equipes classificadas para a fase eliminatória da Copa do Mundo 2014 (das oitavas de final até a final

KOEFISIEN TANAMAN PADI SAWAH PADA SISTEM IRIGASI HEMAT AIR Crop Coefficient for Paddy Rice Field under Water Saving Irrigation Systems

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Joko Sujono

2012-05-01

with wetting and drying (SWD, semi-dry cultivation (SDC, AWD dengan mulsa (AWD-Mul dan system of rice intensification (SRI  diterapkan di lahan percobaan (pot. Jumlah dan kapan air irigasi harus diberikan tergantung pada besarnya laju penguapan, kelembaban tanah dan sistem irigasi hemat air yang digunakan. Untuk itu penimbangan pot dilakukan setiap hari sebelum dan sesudah pemberian air irigasi. Selanjutnya k dihitung berdasarkan ratio antara evapotranspirasi tanaman (aktual dengan evapotranspirasi acuan yang dihitung dengan metoda Penman-Montheit berdasarkan data klimat yang tersedia.  Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada awal tanam hingga fase pertumbuhan vegetatif (hingga 45 hari setelah tanam koefisien tanaman k  sistem irigasi hemat air hampir setengahnya cdari nilai k (Prosida. Sebaliknya pada fase produktif nilai k metoda sistem irigasi hemat air hampir sama (AWD dan SDC atau lebih besar (SRI, SWD dari nilai k (Prosida. Berdasarkan nilai k , maka sistem pemberian air AWD dan SDC dapat menghemat air jauh lebih besar dibandingkan dengan metoda SRI dan SWD, penghematan air dapatditingkatkan apabila sistem AWD dikombinasikan dengan mulsa.

Un procedimiento para separar, a alta temperatura, la fase líquida del clínker de los sólidos a los que impregna

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Ruiz de Gauna, Ángel

1979-12-01

Full Text Available Not avaible

Según se ha ido profundizando en el conocimiento del mecanismo de formación de los silicatos cálcicos hidráulicamente activos del cemento portland, se ha ido poniendo de relieve la gran importancia que la composición de la fase líquida del clínker tiene, tanto en la temperatura y velocidad de formación de aquéllos, como en sus características hidráulicas incluyéndose en ellas las mecánico-resistentes. En las propiedades tecnológicas del cemento resultante influye también directamente la composición que a alta temperatura tiene la fase líquida, por cuanto de ella depende su aptitud a la cristalización, y la clase y propiedades de los componentes secundarios que cristalizan en el curso del enfriamiento y son de decisiva influencia en propiedades tan importantes como la velocidad de fraguado y estabilidad de volumen.

La violencia a través de las fases del amor pasional: Porque la pasión también tiene un lado obscuro

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Omar Eduardo Kú Hernández

2006-01-01

Full Text Available La pasión ha sido caracterizada por la alegría, sensación de realización, optimismo, éxtasis y profunda idealización del objeto amoroso (Villanueva Orozco, 2004. Sin embargo, autores como Hatfield y Rapson (1993 reconocen un lado más oscuro teñido de desesperanza, ansiedad y vacío. Por su parte, Sánchez Aragón (2004 propone un continuo del amor pasional que va de la atracción al amor desesperado, en donde el matiz negativo se va intensificando básicamente durante el amor obsesivo en donde hay una falta de mutualidad en el sentimiento. Así, la violencia puede surgir y con ello facilitar la presencia de actos dañinos a las personas y a la relación romántica. Con base en esto, el presente trabajo tuvo por objetivos: a identificar las posibles diferencias en términos de atracción, enamoramiento, amor obsesivo y amor desesperado en receptores y ejecutores de violencia en la pareja, y b conocer la posible relación entre la violencia y las fases del continuo del amor pasional. Para ello se trabajó con una muestra de 518 personas residentes de la Ciudad de México a quienes se les aplicó: 1 Escala Multifacética del Amor Pasional (Sánchez Aragón, 2006 y 2 Escala de Violencia en la Pareja (Cienfuegos Martínez, Sánchez Aragón y Rivera Aragón, en prensa. Los resultados muestran efectos diferenciales en las primeras dos fases y correlaciones signi- ficativas principalmente entre los factores de violencia y las fases de amor obsesivo y amor desesperado.

Estudio del Sistema Li2SO4 – Na2SO4. Diagrama de fases y caracterización del LiNaSO4

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Font-Bardia, M.

2004-08-01

Full Text Available An exhaustive study of the phase diagram of binary system Li2SO4-Na2SO4 is presented. Phase diagram was determined using thermo-X-ray diffraction in powder samples and calorimetry ATD. A new phase with formula Li2-xNaxSO4 has been obtained, with 1 ≤ x ≤ 1.22. The crystal structure of β-LiNaSO4 was determined from single-crystal X-ray diffraction. This study shows that the crystals usually become twinned when the growth is by solution; which explains the poor spontaneous polarization. The Raman dispersion of Li2SO4, Na2SO4 and LiNaSO4 compounds is explained from the structural data. The measurements have been made at different heating and cooling rate.Se presenta un estudio exhaustivo del diagrama de fase del sistema binario Li2SO4-Na2SO4. El diagrama de fases se determinó mediante termo-difractometría de rayos-X en muestras de polvo y calorimetría ATD. Se obtiene una nueva fase de fórmula Li2-xNaxSO4, con 1 ≤ x ≤ 1.22. La estructura cristalina de β-LiNaSO4 se determinó por difracción de rayos-X sobre un monocristal. Este estudio muestra que los cristales usualmente se maclan cuando el crecimiento es por solución, lo cual explica la baja polarización espontánea. Se explica la dispersión Raman de los compuestos Li2SO4, Na2SO4 y LiNaSO4, a partir de los datos estructurales. Las medidas experimentales se han efectuado a diferentes velocidades de calentamiento y enfriamiento.

Perspectivas de utilización de los métodos de modulación digital con fase continua en los sistemas de telecomunicaciones modernos

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Germán Castellanos

1993-01-01

Full Text Available Se describen los principales tipos de modulación digital con envolvente constante, que se están desarrollando en sistemas de telecomunicaciones, entre ellos la modulación de fase cuaternaria (QPSK y OQPSK. La modulación de fase continúa que presentan mejores propiedades con respecto a otros tipos digitales. Por ejemplo, mayor fidelidad en radiocanales no lineales (caracterfsticos en la telecomunicación móvil celular y vía satélite, menores niveles de energía fuera de banda, etc. En especial se describen las señales MSK y su variedad con filtración preliminar gaussiana GMSK que se emplean ampliamente en los sitemas de comunicación móbil celular digitales, por poseermenores mayores niveles de energía dentro de la banda de trabajo, fidelidad potencial máxima, mejor compatibilidad electromagnética con otros radiosistemas, etc. Se analizan las principales tendencias de desarrollo de los tipos de modulación digital MSK.

Desempenho do cafeeiro Icatu vermelho sob ação de biorregulador aplicado em fases reprodutivas da cultura

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Nídia Raquel Costa

2010-08-01

Full Text Available Com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito do biorregulador Stimulate® aplicado em diferentes fases da cultura do cafeeiro durante seu ciclo reprodutivo, foi instalado o experimento em uma propriedade comercial localizada no município de Garça - SP, com plantio de café da variedade Icatu vermelho, com idade de 4 anos e espaçamento 4 x 2 m. O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos ao acaso, com 4 repetições, 10 plantas por parcela e 13 tratamentos. Foram marcados 4 ramos plagiotrópicos, de maneira aleatória em 5 plantas, no terço mediano das mesmas, para se proceder as avaliações desejáveis, desde o florescimento até a colheita do café. A aplicação de Stimulate® via foliar durante diferentes fases fenológicas do desenvolvimento reprodutivo do cafeeiro foi promissor para elevar parâmetros qualitativos e quantitativos, como porcentagem de pegamento de frutos após o florescimento, garantindo maior fixação até seu completo desenvolvimento; maior produção de nós nos ramos plagiotrópicos; maior crescimento de frutos e sementes; elevação da produtividade da cultura, além de alterar a maturação dos frutos, acelerando este processo com possibilidade de antecipação da colheita, com maior proporção de frutos tipo cereja, ideal para proporcionar melhor qualidade do café.

La aerotermia como alternativa para el control de Triatoma infestans (Hemiptera, Reduviidae resistentes a deltametrina Air temperature elevation as an alternative for the control of deltamethrin-resistant Triatoma infestans (Hemiptera, Reduviidae

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Alberto G. Gentile

2004-08-01

Full Text Available Se exploraron los efectos de la elevación artificial de la temperatura del aire sobre las formas embrionarias, ninfales y adultas de Triatoma infestansresistentes a Deltametrina. En laboratorio, se expuso a temperaturas crecientes del aire la progenie completa de T. infestans, para determinar viabilidad de huevos y supervivencia en ninfas y adultos; sobre el terreno, la experimentación se llevó a cabo en una vivienda tipo rancho previamente evaluada como colonizada. Durante la fase de laboratorio se comprobó la inviabilidad del 100% de los huevos y la mortalidad del 100% de las ninfas y adultos expuestos a temperaturas del aire estanco de entre 45ºC y 55ºC, mientras que en la fase de terreno se logró reproducir el efecto ovicida del calor, como así también la negativización de las evaluaciones entomológicas de la vivienda de experimentación, llevadas a cabo a las 72 horas, a los 30, 60 y 90 días. La elevación artificial de la temperatura del aire estanco en las habitaciones resultó ser un método de control de eficacia aceptable, inocuo y técnicamente sencillo.This study explores the effects of artificial air temperature elevation on the embryonic, nymphal, and adult forms of deltamethrin-resistant Triatoma infestans. In the laboratory, complete offspring of T. infestanswere exposed to increasing air temperatures to determine the viability of eggs and survival of nymphs and adults; in the field, the experiment was conducted in a poor rural dwelling previously identified as infested with the vector. The laboratory phase showed 100% non-viability of eggs and 100% mortality of nymphs and adults exposed to airtight temperatures from 45ºC to 55ºC, while the field phase succeeded in reproducing the heat's ovicidal effect and negative conversion of entomological assays in the experimental dwelling, as conducted over the course of 72 hours at 30, 60, and 90 days from the baseline evaluation. Artificial elevation of airtight temperature

APLICACIÓN DEL SOFTWARE PCA 1.0: PARA REDUCIR EL DETERIORO DE LA CALIDAD DEL AIRE EN CALI-COLOMBIA (FASE I

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Luis Granada

2009-01-01

Full Text Available El PCA 1.0 se diseñó como herramienta de soporte para un Procedimiento Organizacional que colecta y trata la información obtenida en el monitoreo y control de contaminantes atmosféricos en Cali - Colombia1. El PCA 1.0 es una aplicación hecha en java con la Interfaz de Desarrollo (IDE NetBeans2. El software PCA 1.0 está diseñado para recepcionar, depurar, validar y generar reportes de manera sistemática de los datos obtenidos en la Red de Monitoreo de Calidad del Aire, Meteorología y de la Inspección Técnico Mecánica y de Gases. El PCA 1.0 estima los Factores de Emisión y la Carga Ambiental diaria generada por las fuentes móviles en kilogramos, así como el valor promedio horario de la concentración de contaminantes criterio. La metodología general del Procedimiento Organizacional se fundamentó en lo establecido en la ISO 14040 (Análisis del Ciclo de Vida. El resultado más importante de la aplicación del PCA 1.0, se evidencia en facilitar a la autoridad ambiental, sanitaria, tránsito y transporte, la toma de decisiones con base en la selección de escenarios de contaminación atmosférica y actuaciones encaminadas hacia la publicación de normas que buscan reducir el deterioro de la calidad del aire en Cali ¿ Colombia. Finalmente, el PCA 1.0 se perfila como una herramienta ágil y adaptable en los sistemas de gestión ambiental municipal en su componente aire.

Ventajas de los materiales de cambio de fase en la comercialización de productos de la pesca

OpenAIRE

Domínguez Alonso, Manuel; García Rodríguez, Carmen; Arias Carrillo, José Maria

2012-01-01

Se exponen y discuten las ventajas que se han encontrado en el empleo de los materiales de cambio de fase o PCM, en la comercialización de todos los tipos de productos acuáticos, sobre todo: en el enfriamiento de especies marinas de difícil comercialización, en su transporte hasta puerto, en los de larga duración y en vivo. Se describen los PCM más adecuados y las técnicas de su empleo para las principales aplicaciones que se han visto, facilitando los sistemas de cálculo para su comer...

Resposta de fase aguda e níveis séricos de magnésio em pacientes hospitalizados

OpenAIRE

Cunha,D. F. da; Bianco,M. de P.; Lenza,R. da M.; Cunha,S. F. de C. da

1999-01-01

OBJETIVO: A resposta de fase aguda (RFA), caracteriza-se por proteólise, com hipotrofia da massa celular corporal, hiperglicemia, retenção hídrica e disfunção renal, fenômenos que potencialmente afetam os níveis de magnésio (Mg++) sérico. O objetivo do estudo foi comparar os níveis séricos de Mg++ entre pacientes hospitalizados, com ou sem RFA. MÉTODOS: Obteve-se um banco de dados do mainframe do Hospital-Escola contendo informações sobre dosagens bioquímicas simultâneas de creatinina, glicos...

Atratividade de diferentes iscas e sua relação com as fases de desenvolvimento ovariano em calliphoridae e sarcophagidae (insecta, diptera Attractiveness of differents baits and its relation with ovarian development fases in Calliphoridae ano Sarcophagidae (Insecta, Diptera

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José Mario d'Almeida

1994-01-01

Full Text Available Attrativeness of differents baits (fish, faeces and banana upon ovarian development fases of Calliphoridae and Sarcophagidae was evaluated. The insects were captured in Distrito Federal (urban area and Rio de Janeiro city (beach, zoological garden, urban area and Tijuca forest. The most frequent species captured were: Calliphoridae - Chrysomya megacephala (Fabricius, 1794 78,9% and Chtysomya puloria (Wiedemann, 1818 5,4% - and Sarcophagidae - Sarcophagula Wulp, 1887 2,3% and Peckya chrysostoma (Wiedemann. 1830 2,2%. Fish was more attractive to females of Calliphoridae flies in intense ovarian vitelogenesis, although banana atracted more flies with mature eggs. Faeces and fish were more atractive for Sarcophagidae in the beggining of vitelogenesis.

Airborne Mission Concept for Coastal Ocean Color and Ecosystems Research

Science.gov (United States)

Guild, Liane S.; Hooker, Stanford B.; Morrow, John H.; Kudela, Raphael M.; Palacios, Sherry L.; Torres Perez, Juan L.; Hayashi, Kendra; Dunagan, Stephen E.

2016-01-01

NASA airborne missions in 2011 and 2013 over Monterey Bay, CA, demonstrated novel above- and in-water calibration and validation measurements supporting a combined airborne sensor approach (imaging spectrometer, microradiometers, and a sun photometer). The resultant airborne data characterize contemporaneous coastal atmospheric and aquatic properties plus sea-truth observations from state-of-the-art instrument systems spanning a next-generation spectral domain (320-875 nm). This airborne instrument suite for calibration, validation, and research flew at the lowest safe altitude (ca. 100 ft or 30 m) as well as higher altitudes (e.g., 6,000 ft or 1,800 m) above the sea surface covering a larger area in a single synoptic sortie than ship-based measurements at a few stations during the same sampling period. Data collection of coincident atmospheric and aquatic properties near the sea surface and at altitude allows the input of relevant variables into atmospheric correction schemes to improve the output of corrected imaging spectrometer data. Specific channels support legacy and next-generation satellite capabilities, and flights are planned to within 30 min of satellite overpass. This concept supports calibration and validation activities of ocean color phenomena (e.g., river plumes, algal blooms) and studies of water quality and coastal ecosystems. The 2011 COAST mission flew at 100 and 6,000 ft on a Twin Otter platform with flight plans accommodating the competing requirements of the sensor suite, which included the Coastal-Airborne In-situ Radiometers (C-AIR) for the first time. C-AIR (Biospherical Instruments Inc.) also flew in the 2013 OCEANIA mission at 100 and 1,000 ft on the Twin Otter below the California airborne simulation of the proposed NASA HyspIRI satellite system comprised of an imaging spectrometer and thermal infrared multispectral imager on the ER-2 at 65,000 ft (20,000 m). For both missions, the Compact-Optical Profiling System (Biospherical

Una revisión bibliográfica sobre hidrodecloración catalítica en fase líquida

OpenAIRE

Ardila Arias, Alba Nelly; Montes de Correa, Consuelo

2010-01-01

Se presenta una visión general de la problemática actual de las emisiones de compuestos organoclorados lige-ros, y las principales características y ventajas de la hidrodecloración catalítica en fase líquida. Se describen los mas importantes catalizadores utilizados en el proceso de hidrodecloración, haciendo énfasis en los de paladio; su naturaleza, actividad y desactivación. Se explica detalladamente el efecto de varios parámetros, tales como: HCl producido, solvente, base y agente reductor...

Morfogénesis de la fase sexual de seis especies mexicanas del género Dryopteris (Dryopteridaceae): Parte II

OpenAIRE

Blanca Pérez-García; Aniceto Mendoza; Irma Reyes Jaramillo; Ramón Riba

2001-01-01

Se describe y se compara la morfogénesis de la fase sexual de seis especies mexicanas de Dryopteris. Las esporas de todas las especies estudiadas son monoletes y elipsoidales, la perina es plegada, de color pardo claro a pardo obscuro, su superficie es rugosa y de contornos tuberculados. El patrón de germinación es tipo Vittaria y el desarrollo protálico es tipo Aspidium. Los gametangios son del tipo característicos de los helechos leptosporangiados. Se desarrollaron esporofitos en cinco de l...

Pengaruh Laju Alir Inlet Reaktor MSL terhadap Reduksi BOD, COD, TSS, dan Minyak/Lemak Limbah Cair Industri Minyak Goreng

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Salmariza Sy

2017-06-01

Full Text Available This research was conducted by treating edible oil industry wastewater used Multi Soil Layering (MSL method. The MSL reactor was built from a 200x120x200 cm concrete basin. Andisol soil was mixed with sawdust and fine charcoal at each ratio 5:1:1 based on dry weight as an impermeable layer. The flow rate variations were 250, 500, 1000, and 1500 L/m2.day. The observed pollutant parameters were BOD, COD, TSS, oil/fat, and pH. The results showed that MSL reactor was effective to decrease the pollutant content of edible oil industry wastewater. The reactor could reduce concentration of effluent parameters below standard except for oil/fat parameters at high flow rates. In the effluent was found BOD 0.66-14.22 mg/L, COD 5-69 mg/L, TSS 9-26 mg/L, and oil/fat 2-9 mg/L. The flow rate had an effect on reduction efficiency of BOD, COD, TSS, and oil/fat but did not effect pH as all flow rate could raise pH 6.37-6.95 became pH 6.99-7.24. The lower the flow rate the higher the reduction efficiency. The reduction efficiency at flow rates 250 and 1500 L/m2 days for BOD were 99% and 86%, COD were 96% and 71%, TSS were 88% and 77%, and oil/fat were 80% and 60%.ABSTRAK  Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan mengolah air limbah industri minyak goreng menggunakan metoda Multi Soil Layering (MSL. Reaktor MSL dibuat dari beton berbentuk bak ukuran 200x120x200 cm. Tanah andisol dicampur dengan serbuk gergaji dan arang halus pada rasio masing-masing 5:1:1 berdasarkan berat kering sebagai penyusun lapisan impermeable. Variasi laju alir yaitu 250, 500, 1000, dan 1500 L/m2.hari. Parameter pencemar yang dianalisis meliputi BOD, COD, TSS, minyak/lemak, dan pH. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa reaktor MSL sangat efektif untuk menurunkan kandungan zat pencemar limbah cair industri minyak goreng. Reaktor dapat mereduksi konsentrasi parameter outlet sampai dibawah baku mutu yang distandarkan kecuali untuk parameter miyak/lemak pada perlakuan laju alir tinggi. Pada effluen

Determinación de la composición mineralógica del clínker por microscopía cuantitativa, disolución de fases y difracción de rayos X

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Triviño, F.

1983-09-01

Full Text Available A comparative study has been done about the use of three methods: Microscopic, Dissolution of Phases and X-Ray Diffraction, for the determination of the mineralogical composition of clinker, XRD appears (just as it is shown in this paper as a complicated method which does not guarantee a good determination of C₃A. The consecutive dissolution of phases whith methanol and salicylic acid and saccharose is a simple, cheap and reliable alternative method. The dissolution of phases with salicylic acid is a good method to determine the whole of silicates and liquid phase. Optic microscopy (reflected light is a method of determining bi and tricalcium silicates but the results so given are unreliable. Varations which could improve these methods are indicated.

Se hace un estudio comparativo del empleo de tres métodos, microscópico, disolución de fases y difracción de rayos X, en la determinación de la composición mineralógica del clínker. Se revela DRX (tal y como se desarrolla en este trabajo como un método poco fiable en la determinación del C₃A y además es complicada. La disolución sucesiva de fases con metanol-salicílico y sacarosa es una alternativa sencilla, económica y fiable. La disolución de fases con salicílico es un buen método en la determinación total de silicatos y fase líquida. La microscopía óptica de luz reflejada es un método para la determinación de los silicatos bi y tricálcicos, aunque da resultados poco fiables. Se indican variaciones que mejoran los métodos.

Modelación en coordenadas de fase del transformador monofásico con derivación central en el secundario; Modeling in phase-coordinates of the single-phase transformer with center tap in the secondary winding

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Ignacio - Pérez Abril

2013-10-01

Full Text Available Existe un modelo en la literatura para representar el transformador monofásico con derivación central en el secundario. No obstante, dicho modelo representa toda la impedancia del transformador en el secundario, lo que difiere de la realidad. La distribución de la impedancia del transformador entre el primario y ambas secciones del secundario tiene una gran influencia en la magnitud de la corriente de cortocircuito de una fase a la derivación central del secundario. Esta corriente supera ampliamente la corriente de cortocircuito de fase a fase en transformadores con devanados entrelazados. El presente trabajo desarrolla el modelo en coordenadas de fase del transformador monofásico con derivación central en el secundario. El modelo desarrollado se prueba con varios ejemplos que demuestran la conveniencia de emplear el modelo presentado para analizar la carga desigual de ambas secciones del devanado secundario o el cortocircuito de una fase a la derivación central del secundario.There exists a model in the literature to representing the single-phase transformer with center tap in the secondary winding. However, this model represents all the impedance of the transformer in the secondary winding, which differs from practice. The distribution of the impedance between primary and the both sections of the secondary winding has a great influence over the magnitude of the short circuit current from a phase to the center tap. This current is much greater than the phase to phase short circuit current in transformers with interlaced windings. The present paper develops a model in phase coordinates for the single-phase transformer with center tap in the secondary winding. The developed model is tested with several examples that shown the convenience of the use of the presented model to analyze the unequal load in both sections of the secondary or the short circuit from a phase to the center tap of the secondary.

OPTIMASI SABUN CAIR EKSTRAK ETANOL RIMPANG Zingiber officinale Rosc. var.rubrum DENGAN VARIASI MINYAK JARAK DAN KALIUM HIDROKSIDA

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Nanda Paramita

2014-12-01

Full Text Available One of the causes of skin diseases are bacterial infections, such as Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis. Based on previous studies of red ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc var.rubrum have antibacterial activity. The aimed of this research was to find the optimum concentration of castor oil and potassium hydroxide (KOH with good physicochemical properties with Simplex Lattice Design method, and determine the effectiveness of liquid soap against Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis with disc diffusion test. Extraction of red ginger with shoxletation and 96% ethanol. The optimization liquid soap design was using Simplex Lattice Design. The basic liquid soap composition was used to predict the optimum formula contain castor oil and KOH for comparasion (0: 100, (25:75, (50:50, (75:25, (100: 0. The research showed optimum consentration value of red ginger ethanol extract is 5%. The optimum formulas contained of 40,035 g of castor oil and 10,875 g KOH. The optimum liquid soap’s colour was brown, charateristic smell of ginger, stiff, with a pH value of 9,4, viscosity of 1233 cP, 1,14% free fatty acids and alkali-free 0%. The independent T test result by using the R-2.14.1 program was p values > 0.05 against S. epidermidis and p 0,05 terhadap S. epidermidis dan p<0,05 terhadap S.aureus. Hasil penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa metode Simplex Lattice Design dapat menghasilkan formula sabun cair yang optimum dan memiliki efektivitas sebagai antibakteri. Kata kunci: Minyak Jarak, KOH, Simplex Lattice Design, Rimpang Jahe Merah

As relações entre o Brasil e os Estados Unidos em perspectiva histórica: problemas das relações bilaterais na fase contemporânea

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Paulo Roberto Almeida

2011-02-01

Full Text Available A presente análise busca realizar uma breve descrição do desenvolvimento histórico das coesções entre Brasil e Estados Unidos e, a partir disso, delinear suas implicações para a fase contemporânea.

Níveis de cálcio e fósforo disponível em rações com fitase para frangos de corte nas fases pré-inicial e inicial Calcium and available phosphorus levels in diets with phytase for broilers in the pre-starter and starter phases

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Luziane Moreira dos Santos

2011-11-01

Full Text Available Dois experimentos independentes, um na fase pré-inicial (1 a 7 dias e outro na fase inicial (8 a 21 dias de idade, foram realizados com frangos de corte para avaliar níveis de cálcio e fósforo disponível (Pdisp em rações suplementadas com 500 unidades de atividade de fitase/kg de ração. Cada experimento constou de um ensaio de desempenho e outro de metabolismo e foi conduzido em esquema fatorial (3 × 4 + 1, sendo três níveis de Pdisp (0,42; 0,37; 0,32% na fase pré-inicial e 0,39; 0,34; 0,29% na fase inicial, quatro níveis de cálcio (0,94; 0,84; 0,74; 0,64% na fase pré-inicial e 0,88; 0,78; 0,68; 0,58% na fase inicial mais uma ração controle. O controle correspondeu à única ração sem fitase e continha 0,47% de Pdisp e 0,94% de cálcio (fase pré-inicial ou 0,44% de Pdisp e 0,88% de cálcio (fase inicial. Nos ensaios de desempenho, aos 7 e aos 21 dias de idade, foram avaliados o consumo de ração, o ganho de peso, a conversão alimentar e o teor de cinzas na tíbia. Nos ensaios de metabolismo, determinaram-se a energia metabolizável aparente corrigida pelo balanço de nitrogênio (EMAn das rações e os coeficientes de digestibilidade da matéria seca (CMMS. Na fase pré-inicial, os níveis de cálcio influenciaram o consumo de ração, a EMAn e o CMMS e, na fase inicial, afetaram o conteúdo de cinzas ósseas, a EMAn e o CMMS. Os níveis de Pdisp influenciaram o teor de cinzas na tíbia, a EMAn e o CMMS na fase pré-inicial e as cinzas ósseas e o CMMS na fase inicial. Adicionando 500 unidades de atividade de fitase/kg de ração, é possível reduzir, respectivamente, os níveis de cálcio e Pdisp para 0,64% e 0,37% na fase pré-inicial e 0,58% e 0,29% na fase inicial, pois essa redução não tem efeito negativo sobre o desempenho e a mineralização óssea dos frangos de corte nessas fases.Two independent experiments, one in pre-starter phase (1 to 7 days and the other in the starter phase (8 to 21 days of age, were

Caracterização reológica das diferentes fases de extrato de inulina de raízes de chicória, obtidas por abaixamento de temperatura Rheological characterization for different phases of inulin extract from chicory roots, obtained through temperature reduction

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Juliana T. C. Leite

2004-04-01

Full Text Available A inulina é um ingrediente funcional, geralmente empregado na indústria alimentícia como substituto do açúcar ou da gordura. Esse ingrediente pode ser encontrado em diversos produtos vegetais, incluindo as raízes de chicória. Por ser um produto com solubilidade variável com a temperatura, a inulina sofre uma separação de fases ao ser resfriada, originando uma fase precipitada, mais viscosa, e uma fase sobrenadante, de menor viscosidade. O estudo das propriedades reológicas das diferentes fases do extrato de inulina é importante para o projeto de equipamentos, como misturadores e bombas. Neste trabalho, foi estudado o comportamento reológico, para três condições distintas de temperatura (25; 40 e 50 ºC, das fases sobrenadante e precipitada do extrato líquido de inulina, extraído de raízes de chicória por difusão em água quente e resfriado a duas temperaturas distintas (8 e -10 ºC, sofrendo separação de fases. A fase precipitada foi analisada em duas condições: pura e com a adição de agentes microencapsulantes. Todos apresentaram um comportamento linear, semelhante ao dos "Plásticos de Bingham", porém, nem todos se ajustaram a esse modelo.Inulin is a functional food ingredient, generally employed as sugar or fat substitute in food systems. This ingredient can be found in several vegetal products, including chicory roots. As the solubility of inulin is susceptible to temperature changes, the product suffers a fractionalization resulting in two phases when cooled, originating a precipitated phase, more viscose, and a liquid phase, of lesser viscosity. The study of rheological properties of different phases of inulin extract is important for equipment designing, such as mixer and bombs. In this work, rheological behavior at three different temperatures (25; 40 and 50 ºC was determined for liquid and precipitated phases of inulin liquid extract, extracted from chicory roots by hot water diffusion and cooled at two

Pola Sebaran Kelompok Telur Ostrinia furnacalis Guenée (Lepidoptera: Crambidae pada Beberapa Fase Pertumbuhan Tanaman Jagung (Zea mays L.

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Subiadi Subiadi

2014-07-01

Full Text Available A field study was conducted to determine the distribution of egg masses of Ostrinia furnacalis on corn leaves and within corn field. The corn field was divided into three regions: the inner edge closed to other crops and outer edge closed to main road and the middle region. The numbers of egg masses laid were recorded entirely in all corn plants existed (census method. Egg laying period lasted for 34 days, with 11 days from initiation of egg laying to the peak of oviposition and 23 days from the peak to termination of egg laying. The egg masses laid on corn leaves were distributed in aggregation pattern. During eight-opened-leaf to twelve-opened-leaf stages, there were 847 egg masses found, and 80.9% was laid on the sixth-to-ninth leaves. From tasseling to blister stages there were 491 egg masses found of which approximately 80.7% was laid on the seventh-to-11 32.8, and 29.8% of those were found in the inner edge, middle, and outer edge of corn field, respectively. leaves. Egg masses laid within corn field varied, in which 37.4, 32.8, and 29.8% of those were found in the inner edge, middle, and outer edge of corn field, respectively.   Kajian lapang dilaksanakan untuk mengetahui pola sebaran peletakan kelompok telur ngengat Ostrinia furnacalis pada daun tanaman jagung dan penyebarannya pada lahan pertanaman jagung. Lahan penelitian dibagi menjadi tiga kelompok yaitu lahan pinggir dalam berdekatan dengan pertanaman lain, bagian tengah lahan, dan lahan pinggir luar berdekatan dengan jalan raya. Pengamatan kelompok telur dilakukan pada seluruh tanaman jagung (sensus. Periode peletakan telur berlangsung selama 34 hari, dengan periode inisiasi hingga puncak 11 hari dan periode setelah puncak hingga akhir peletakan telur 23 hari. Peletakan telur O. furnacalis pada daun tanaman jagung menyebar secara berkelompok. Pada fase 8 hingga 10 daun telah terbuka sempurna ditemukan sebanyak 847 kelompok telur, 80,9% diantaranya  ditemukan pada daun ke 6–9

Transición de fase para modelos diluidos con espines discretos y medidas de Young-Gibbs para el modelo de Ising

OpenAIRE

Soprano Loto, Nahuel

2015-01-01

Esta tesis contiene dos partes con un tema en común: en cada una de ellas, estudiamos diferentes modelos de mecánica estadística. En la primera parte, estudiamos modelos diluidos de vecinos próximos con espacio de espines finito, donde el grafo subyacente es un subgrafo aleatorio del reticulado d-dimensional. Más precisamente, proporcionamos condiciones suficientes y necesarias para que ocurra co-existencia de fases mediante técnicas de aglomerado aleatorio. En la segunda parte, estudiamos un...

Cuidar de pacientes em fase terminal: a experiência de alunos de medicina

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Maria Lúcia Araújo Sadala

2008-03-01

Full Text Available O objetivo deste estudo foi compreender os significados que alunos de medicina atribuem à experiência de cuidar de pacientes em fase terminal. Os dados foram coletados mediante entrevistas individuais com vinte e quatro estudantes de medicina de uma universidade paulista. As convergências dos depoimentos dos participantes foram agrupadas em três categorias: a deparando-se com o mundo da doença terminal/morte; b relação com o paciente e sua família; c reflexão sobre o cuidar do paciente terminal. Nos depoimentos, os estudantes expressam ansiedade ao cuidar deste tipo de paciente, assim como as dificuldades em lidar com os próprios sentimentos. Consideram-se pouco preparados para relacionar-se com esses pacientes, mas aprenderam com a experiência vivida. Os resultados do estudo apontam para a necessidade de se introduzirem, na formação médica, conteúdos visando desenvolver competências interpessoais e capacidade de reflexão sobre questões de ética e deontologia médica, envolvendo a terminalidade da vida.

Aproximación al control de la fase de vuelo de un dirigible

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Leonardo Solaque Guzmán

2008-01-01

Full Text Available El presente trabajo tiene por objetivo el modelo dinámico de un dirigible (como Karma y UrAn, y la elaboración de un conjunto de leyes de control de velocidad, altitud y dirección cuando el dirigible se desplaza en la fase de vuelo crucero. La primera parte del documento presenta un modelo matemático representativo de las principales dinámicas del dirigible. Luego se muestra una descripción de las principales relaciones de las variables, a partir de un modelado e identificación previos, usados para el planteamiento de modelos reducidos, llamados modelos de control. Una segunda parte está dedicada a la formulación de las estrategias de control, basadas en técnicas PID, GPC y una no Lineal. Estas leyes son planteadas sobre la base del desacople de dinámicas para el vuelo lateral y el vuelo longitudinal. Finalmente se incluyen pruebas de simulación y sobre las estructuras reales.

Simulasi Penentuan Kebutuhan Daya Pompa Pada Sistem Transpor Bahan Pangan Cair Dengan Menggunakan Parameter Reologi Susu Kental Manis

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Ratna Ratna

2013-04-01

Full Text Available ABSTRAK. Simulasi penentuan kebutuhan pompa energi pada sistem bahan makanan transfer cair dengan menggunakan parameter software hasil krim reologi kental manis. Software ini dapat digunakan untuk menentukan energi pompa yang dibutuhkan oleh sistem transfer krim kental manis sehingga tidak terjadinya produk lompat dan gelembung yang menghancurkan krim kental manis. Sehingga pada saat dipasarkan, produk tidak lagi menarik dan baik untuk dikonsumsi. Sebelum melakukan simulasi dengan program komputer, dibutuhkan data viskositas (kekentalan parameter reologi krim kental manis. Hal ini diperlukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh parameter reologi untuk energi pompa yang diperlukan oleh sistem transfer krim kental manis. Dari simulasi diperoleh gambaran yang baik lebih untuk merancang suatu sistem transfer krim kental manis di salah satu pabrik pengolahan. A Simulation to Determine the Requirement of Pump Power on Transport System for Liquid Food Material using Rheology Parameter of Sweetened Condensed Milk ABSTRACT. A simulation using a software to determine the requirement of pump power on transport system for liquid food material using rheology as parameter for sweetened condensed milk. The software was able to determine the pump energy required by a transfer system of sweetened condensed milk in order to prevent the occurrence of the product jump and the effervescence. The effervescence would destroy the cream of sweetened condensed milk, so at the time of marketing, the product was no longer in good condition to consume. Before conducting simulation using computer program, viscosity data of sweetened condensed milk was required to know the influence parameter of rheology on pump power required by a transport system of sweetened condensed milk. From the simulation, a more good description was obtained to design a transfer system of sweetened condensed milk at one particular factory.

Lisina digestível para leitoas em fase de crescimento Digestible lysine for growing gilts

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Gabriel Cipriano Rocha

2013-05-01

Full Text Available Oitenta leitoas (24,2±1,52kg com alto potencial genético para deposição de carne na carcaça foram distribuídas em experimento de blocos ao acaso para avaliar cinco níveis de lisina digestível (Ld (9, 10, 11, 12 e 13g kg-1 durante a fase de crescimento (63 a 103 dias de idade. Os animais foram alojados em pares e alimentados à vontade. No início e ao final do período experimental, as leitoas foram pesadas e submetidas à análise de ultrassom para avaliação da área de olho de lombo (AOL e espessura de toucinho (ET. Os níveis de Ld proporcionaram aumento linear (P0,05 dos níveis de Ld sobre o consumo de ração diário (CRD e ET. Os níveis de 12,0 e 12,5g kg-1 de Ld na dieta, correspondentes, respectivamente, ao consumo de lisina digestível diário (CLdD, de 23,6 e 24,6g, proporcionam os melhores resultados de desempenho e área de olho de lombo de leitoas em fase de crescimento (63 aos 103 dias de idade.Eighty gilts (24.2±1.52kg with high genetic potential for lean gain were used in a randomized complete block design to evaluate five digestible lysine levels (9, 10, 11, 12 and 13g kg-1 during the growing phase (63 to 103 days of age. Gilts were housed in pair and fed their respective diets ad libitum. At the begging and the ending of the experimental period, gilts were weighed and scanned by ultrasound to measure loin area, as well as fat depth. The digestible lysine levels linearly increase (P0.05 of the treatments on the fat depth and feed intake. The digestible lysine levels of 12 and 12.5g kg-1, corresponding to the intake of 23.6 e 24.6g dia-1, provide the best results of performance and loin area of growing gilts (63 to 103 days old.

Fase menstrual na data da cirurgia para câncer de mama: resultados tardios e taxas de sobrevida assintomática Timing of surgery during menstrual cycle, late results and disease-free: survival rates in 130 patients with preast carcinoma

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Antonio Franco Montoro

1999-07-01

Full Text Available Objetivo: verificar se existem diferenças nas taxas de sobrevida para as portadoras de carcinoma de mama, em função da fase do ciclo menstrual vivida pela paciente na data da cirurgia. Pacientes e Métodos: pesquisa retrospectiva de 451 mulheres com câncer de mama, em pré-menopausa, das quais foram selecionados 130 casos com idade entre 26 e 52 anos e acompanhados em seguimento mínimo de 60 meses. Foram operadas 68 na fase folicular e 62 na fase lútea. Foram também analisados os dados referentes ao estádio clínico das neoplasias, ao eventual comprometimento axilar e às determinações quantitativas dos receptores hormonais de estrógenos e de progesterona. Resultados: o seguimento das 130 pacientes demonstrou que 64,6% tiveram sobrevida assintomática após cinco anos e 43% superaram os dez anos. Dividindo os casos em dois subgrupos, segundo o dia da cirurgia executada, as taxas de sobrevida foram diferentes, caindo para 58,8% aos cinco e 36,7% aos dez anos, quando operadas na fase folicular e subindo para 70,9% e 50%, aos 5 e 10 anos respectivamente, durante a fase lútea. Conclusões: neste estudo, as pacientes operadas durante a fase lútea mostraram taxas mais altas de sobrevida do que aquelas operadas na fase folicular. Todavia, os índices foram inferiores aos proporcionados pelos fatores prognósticos clássicos de estado axilar e diâmetro tumoral.Purpose: to offer new data for the conflicting reports which present different prognosis for patients with breast carcinoma, according to the timing of surgery in relation to the menstrual cycle. Patients and Methods: in a retrospective study on 451 premenopausal women with breast cancer, aged between 26 and 52 years, 130 cases were selected and followed for 60 months, at least. Sixty-eight were operated during the follicular phase and 62 in the luteal period, whose findings regarding clinical stages, axillary involvement and estrogen and progesterone hormonal receptor concentrations

Lunar Phases and Earthly Events: Beliefs from Different Education Levels. (Spanish Title: Fases de la Luna y Acontecimientos Terrestres: Creencia de Distintos Niveles de Instrucción.) As Fases da Lua e os Acontecimentos Terrestres: a Crença de Diferentes Níveis de Instrução

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Darroz, Luiz Marcelo; da Rosa, Cleci Teresinha Werner; Alves Vizzotto, Patrick; Becker da Rosa, Álvaro

2013-12-01

This article presents the result of a research carried out in the first semester of 2013 with a group of 80 subjects from different education levels. In this research, we sought to investigate the earthly events that this group of people attributes to the phenomenon of lunar phases. For data collection we used semi-structured interviews guided by questions that aimed to keep the focus on subjects of the investigation. Interviews were recorded and transcribed, and the results were compared to scientific studies in the area after being quantitatively and qualitatively analyzed. Research data showed that the Moon and the phenomenon of lunar phases still fascinate and raise the interest of people. However, the lack of knowledge to find correct explanations to the phenomena involving the moon ends up originating a series of beliefs about its influence on earthly events. En este artículo se presenta el resultado de una investigación realizada en el primer semestre de 2013 con a un grupo de 80 individuos de distintos niveles de instrucción. En esta investigación, tratamos de averiguar cuáles son los acontecimientos terrestres que este grupo de personas atribuye al fenómeno las fases lunares. Como instrumento de colecta de datos, se emplearon entrevistas semiestructuradas guiadas por preguntas que trataban de mantener la atención de los entrevistados en el objeto investigado. Las entrevistas fueron grabadas y transcriptas, y los resultados, después de ser analizados cuantitatativa y cualitativamente, fueron confrontados con estudios científicos del área. Los datos de la investigación demuestran que la Luna y de sus fases continúan fascinando y despertando el interés de la población. Sin embargo, la falta de conocimientos para encontrar explicaciones correctas relacionadas a los fenómenos que ocurren con el astro acaba originando una serie de creencias en la población sobre su influencia en los sucesos terrestres. Apresenta-se neste artigo o resultado de uma

Evaluasi Penerapan Standar Sanitasi dan Higien di Rumah Potong Hewan Kategori II (EVALUATION OF SANITATION AND HYGIENE STANDARD IMPLEMENTATION AT CATEGORY II ABATTOIR

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Zikri Maulina Gaznur

2017-04-01

Full Text Available Meat is one of livestock industry products from abattoir. The existence of abattoir is necessary to ensure the meat product produced is safe, healthy and halal. This study was conducted to evaluate sanitation and hygiene standard implementation in category II abattoir. Total plate count (TPC, Salmonella sp, Coliform, and Escherichia coli were analized by using Bacteriological Analytical Manual (BAM method. Analisis of water quality and liquid waste was done according to American Public Health Association (APHA method. Based on laboratory test on TPC, Salmonella sp, Coliform, and Escherichia coli, the test results did not exceed the limit standard of SNI 3932:2008. The result of water quality and liquid waste analysis was around the threshold set by Indonesian Republic’s Regulation of Health Ministry No. 492/Menkes/Per/IV/2010 on the Quality Requirements of Water and Environment Regulation Ministry No. 5/2014 regarding Standard Liquid Waste. ABSTRAK Daging adalah salah satu produk industri peternakan dari usaha pemotongan hewan. Permintaan masyarakat terhadap daging sapi memengaruhi intensitas pemotongan, sehingga keberadaan rumah pemotongan hewan (RPH diharapkan dapat menjamin kualitas daging secara aman, sehat dan halal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi penerapan standar sanitasi dan higien di RPH kategori II. Pengujian total plate count (TPC daging, Colliform, Escherichia coli, dan Salmonella sp berdasarkan metode Bacteriological Analytical Manual (BAM. Pengujian air bersih dan limbah cair menggunakan metode American Public Health Association (APHA. Hasil analisis mikrobiologi menunjukkan bahwa TPC, Salmonella sp, Coliform dan E. coli berada di bawah persyaratan SNI 3932:2008. Hasil analisis air bersih dan limbah cair sudah memenuhi baku mutu Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan Republik Indonesia 492/Menkes/Per/IV/2010 tentang Persyaratan Kualitas Air Bersih dan Peraturan Menteri Lingkungan Hidup 5/2014 Tentang Baku Mutu Air Limbah.

Eficácia e tolerância do nitrofurfurilidene (1 na fase crônica da Moléstia de Chagas

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Newton Neves da Silva

1974-12-01

Full Text Available Foram selecionados 25 pacientes chagásicos crônicos que apresentavam sorologia positiva e elevada parasitemia. A 15 deles, durante 120 dias, foi ministrado o Nitrofurfurilidene na dose diária de 8 a 10 mg por quilo de peso. Aos 10 restantes deu-se placebo. No trans e pós-tratamento não se verificaram alterações nas funções hepática, hematopoiética ou renal de caráter iatrogênico. Xenodiagnóstico e provas sorológicas foram realizadas mensalmente. O xenodiagnóstico, nos 15 doentes tratados, aos 60º dias da fase trans-terapêutica, mostrou-se negativo e assim se manteve durante 4 anos, período de tempo que durou a nossa observação. Quanto às reações sorodiagnósticas o mesmo não ocorreu, embora a partir dos 12 meses do término do tratamento o grupo que recebeu a droga tenha passado a apresentar níveis mais baixos de anticorpos. Os A.A. comentam o desacordo entre os achados do xenodiagnóstico e os das provas sorológicas e sugerem uma hipótese para justificá-lo. Concluem que, embora com menos evidência do que nas formas agudas, o Nitrofurfurilidene revela certa eficácia na fase crônica da infecção chagásica.

Proteinograma do soro lácteo de ovelhas da raça Santa Inês em diferentes fases de lactação

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Vânia F. Lemos

2013-06-01

Full Text Available No presente estudo objetivou-se avaliar a influência das fases de lactação sobre o proteinograma do soro lácteo de ovelhas da raça Santa Inês. Foram acompanhadas ovelhas em sistema de criação semi-intensivo com o mesmo manejo higiênico, sanitário e nutricional avaliadas aos 15, 30, 60 e 90 dias após o parto (final da lactação e desmame. Procedeu-se ao exame clínico da glândula mámaria e triagem e cultivo bacteriológico. A triagem do material resultou em 44 amostras de leite de glândulas sadias baseadas no exame negativo simultâneo do CMT e do bacteriológico. Para a obtenção do soro lácteo utilizou-se solução de renina. O soro lácteo foi fracionado em alíquotas e mantido em freezer a -80°C para posterior separação das frações protéicas. Para determinação da proteína total do soro lácteo empregou-se o biureto. A separação das frações protéicas foi realizada utilizando-se eletroforese em gel de poliacrilamida contendo dodecil sulfato de sódio (SDS-PAGE. Foram observadas oito proteínas entre elas lactoferrina, albumina sérica, IgA, IgG ( IgG de cadeia pesada - IgG CP e IgG de cadeia leve - IgG CL, β-lactoglobulina, α-lactoalbumina e as proteínas identificadas como PM 15.000 Da e PM 29.000 Da. Não foi observada diferença significativa nas diferentes fases de lactação nas seguintes proteínas: IgA (P>0,3895, lactoferrina (P>0,1611, PM 29000 (P>0,4879, αlactoalbumina (P>0,0799 e PM 15000 (P>0,4494. Na proteína total (P<0,0022 e nas proteínas albumina (P<0,0377, IgG (P<0,0354 verificou-se variação significativa nos primeiros momentos de observação, na proteína β-lactoglobulina (P<0,0005 verificou-se variação significativa com diminuição dos 15 até 30 dias pós parto com elevação progressiva até a última fase de lactação (90 dias pós parto. A técnica de SDS-PAGE permitiu a quantificação de oito proteínas no soro lácteo de ovelhas sadias. As proteínas identificadas refletem o

Aplicação do Conceito do Ciclo de Vida Organizacional na Definição e Determinação das Fases de uma Organização VarejistaImplementing the concept of Organizational Life Cycle in the definition and Determinations Phases of a Retailers OrganizationAplicación del Concepto del Ciclo de Vida Organizacional en la Definición y Determinación de las Fases de una Organización Minorista

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BERALDO, Valter

2004-05-01

Full Text Available RESUMOO presente artigo aborda a relação entre modelos que analisam as fases do ciclo de vida organizacional e a efetividade organizacional - baseada em uma organização varejista criada no início do século XX, mais precisamente, no dia 29 de novembro de 1913 e que foi reconhecida pela população paulistana, no início dos anos 90, como a loja que tinha a “cara” de São Paulo. A análise dos períodos favoráveis de crescimento e dos períodos críticos possibilitou identificar as características de cada uma das cinco fases identificadas no estudo: crescimento inicial, administrativa, crescimento massificado, expansão e descontrole. Conclui-se pela importância dos conceitos subjacentes que se inserem: na elaboração das fases; na teoria do ciclo de vida organizacional como instrumento que pode contribuir no planejamento estratégico das organizações.ABSTRACTThe present article approaches the relationship among models that analyze the phases of organizational life cycle and the organizational effectiveness, based on a retail organization – created in the beginning of the XX Century, more precisely, on November 29, 1913 and that was recognized by the paulistana population as being the one that most resembled the city. The analysis of the favorable periods of growth and the critical periods has made it possible to identify the characteristics of each one of the five identified phases in the study: initial growth, administrative, mass growth, expansion and lack of control. It is concluded by the importance of underlying concepts that they interfere: in the research when of the phases elaboration; in the theory of organizational life cycle as instrument that can contribute in the strategic planning of the organizations.RESUMENEl presente artículo se refiere a la relación entre modelos que analizan las fases del ciclo de vida organizacional y la efectividad organizacional, basada en una organización minorista creada en el inicio

Prevalência do medo de cair em uma população de idosos da comunidade e sua correlação com mobilidade, equilíbrio dinâmico, risco e histórico de quedas Prevalence of fear of falling among a population of older adults and its correlation with mobility, dynamic balance, risk and history of falls

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KT Lopes

2009-06-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVOS: Investigar a prevalência do medo de cair em uma população de idosos da comunidade e sua correlação com mobilidade, equilíbrio dinâmico, risco e histórico de quedas. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal randomizado. Participaram do estudo 147 idosos com idades entre 60 e 92 anos, sendo 94 (65,95% mulheres e 53 (36,05% homens. O medo de cair foi avaliado usando FES-I-BRASIL (FIB, a mobilidade foi avaliada por meio do teste "Timed Up and go" (TUG, o risco de quedas, por meio do "Functional Reach Test" (FRT e o equilíbrio dinâmico, pelo teste da Marcha Tandem (MT. RESULTADOS: Cento e trinta e três (90,48% idosos relataram medo de cair em pelo menos uma atividade, e 80 (54,42% dos idosos apresentaram histórico de quedas (HQ. A correlação de Pearson demonstrou resultado significante (pOBJECTIVES: To investigate the prevalence of fear of falling among a population of older adults and its correlation with mobility, dynamic balance, risk and history of falls. METHODS: This was a randomized cross-sectional study. The participants were 147 older adults between the ages of 60 and 92: 94 women (65.95% and 53 men (36.05%. Fear of falling was assessed using FES-I-BRAZIL (FIB; mobility, using the "timed up and go" (TUG test; risk of falls, using the "functional reach test" (FRT; and dynamic balance, using the "tandem gait test"(TGT. RESULTS: One hundred and thirty-three older adults (90.48% reported fear of falling in at least one activity and 80 older adults (54.42% had a history of falls (HF. Pearson's correlation was statistically significant (p<0.001 between fear of falling and the TGT (r=-0.44248, FRT (r=-0.51562, HF (r=0.54069, TUG (r=0.45738 and age (r=0.39772. CONCLUSIONS: The present study identified high prevalence of fear of falling among older adults in the community, independent of their history of falls, and significant correlations between fear of falling and mobility, dynamic balance, risk and history of falls.

Pembentukan mother plant Bacopa australis secara In-vitro dan aklimatisasi dalam aquascape air tawar

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Media Fitri Isma Nugraha

2017-12-01

Full Text Available Tanaman air adalah bagian penting dari ekosistem air tawar. Salah satu spesies yang terkenal adalah Bacopa australis. Hobiis aquascape saat ini memiliki ketertarikan tinggi terhadap tanaman air dengan kualitas yang bagus dari setiap spesiesnya. Metode perbanyakan tanaman air tanpa tanah, lahan pertanian dan air perlu dilakukan untuk memenuhi keinginan tersebut. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mendapatkan formula media kultur jaringan dan zat pengatur tumbuh yang tepat untuk multiplikasi dalam perakitan mother plant (tanaman induk Bacopa australis, serta mendapatkan media terbaik untuk aklimatisasi. Media yang digunakan adalah media Murashige dan Skoog (MS A padat dengan perbedaan konsentrasi zat pengatur tumbuh. Perlakuan uji dalam kombinasi zat pengatur tumbuh (a 0,50 mg/L BAP + 0,50 mg/L kinetin; (b 0,50 mg/L BAP; dan (c 0,50 mg/L 2,4-D. Aklimatisasi tanaman induk dilakukan pada berbagai media antara lain 1 pasir silika + pupuk aqua soil amazonia, 2. pasir malang + pupuk aqua soil amazonia, 3 pasir silika + pupuk cair; 4 pasir malang + pupuk. Hasil yang diperoleh, yaitu formula media kultur terbaik untuk multiplikasi tunas tanaman B. australis secara in-vitro adalah media MS (A yang diperkaya dengan 0,5 mg/L BAP + 0,5 mg/L kinetin, sedangkan aklimatisasi terbaik pada media pasir malang + pupuk aqua soil amazonia. Water plant is an important part of freshwater ecosystems. One of the famous species is Bacopa australis. Today, many aquascape hobbyists have a high interest in aquatic plant species that have good aesthetic appearances. To answer this challenge, a new method in-vitro propagation of aquatic plants, planted without soil, agricultural land and water was conducted. The aim of this research was to find the best growth regulator hormon formula and aclimatisation medium, in creating the mother plant Bacopa australis. The medium used was MS (Murashige and Skoog, 1974 with different growth regulator hormon, i.e: (a 0.50 mg L-1 BAP

Efecto magnetocalórico en materiales con transiciones de fase de segundo orden: Optimización de la capacidad de refrigeración

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Caballero Flores, Rafael

2011-01-01

La tesis presenta un estudio del efecto magnetocalórico en materiales con transiciones de fase de segundo orden. Se centra esencialmente en la dependencia con el campo magnético aplicado de la variables termodinámicas relevantes del proceso, estudio de aleaciones basadas en hierro para minimizar los costos de los materiales refrigerantes, y fabricación de composites para minimizar los valores de las intensidades del campo requeridas en el proceso de refrigeración.

Avaliação eletromiográfica da deglutição dos diferentes tipos clínicos da doença de Parkinson nas fases on e off

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Douglas Monteiro

2015-04-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO:avaliar os parâmetros eletromiográficos da deglutição dos diferentes tipos clínicos da doença de Parkinson idiopática nas fases on e off.MÉTODOS:foram estudados 20 pacientes com doença de Parkinson, divididos através da Escala Unificada de Avaliação da Doença de Parkinson em três grupos: tremulantes, rígido-acinético e misto. O exame de eletromiografia de superfície foi coletado sobre a musculatura supra-hióidea durante a deglutição de 3 ml e 10 ml de água e iogurte, que foi repetida 5 vezes para cada volume e consistência. Este protocolo foi realizado no antes e após a medicação, período offe on.RESULTADOS:verificou-se que na fase off, o grupo rígido-acinético apresentou as maiores médias de deglutições em partes e duração das eletromiografias de superfície, enquanto que o grupo misto apresentou as menores médias de amplitude. Na fase on, os três grupos tenderam a melhorar ou manter as médias das variáveis estudadas, porém não houve diferença significante entre os tipos clínicos, antes ou depois da Levodopa.CONCLUSÃO:a terapia medicamentosa através da Levodopa não apresenta diferenças consistentes nas eletromiografias de superfície da deglutição dos tipos clínicos da doença de Parkinson.

Pemanfaatan Limbah Tanaman Rambutan Sebagai Pupuk dan Sirup Di Kelurahan Ngadirgo Mijen Semarang

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M. Anas Dzakiy,

2014-05-01

Program IbM meliputi brainstorming enterpreneurship dan strategi mengoptimalisasi potensi daerah khususnya tanaman rambutan; pengenalan tentang rambutan dan alternatif pemanfaatannya; pengenalan tentang variasi pupuk dan dampak pupuk kimia terhadap lingkungan; pelatihan pembuatan sirup rambutan; serta pelatihan pembuatan pupuk organik cair berbahan dasar limbah tanaman rambutan dengan aktivator MOL (Mikro Organisme Lokal. Hasil yang dicapai adalah terbukanya wacana tentang strategi peningkatan taraf hidup masyarakat dengan mengoptimalkan potensi lokal tanaman rambutan sebagai produk sirup dan pupuk organik cair yang lebih murah dan ramah lingkungan Kata kunci : Rambutan, Enterpreneurship, Pupuk Organik Cair, Sirup

Ostensiewe illustrasies as mikrostrukturele items in verklarende skoolwoordeboeke gerig op leerders in die junior sekondêre fase

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Phillip Louw

2011-10-01

Full Text Available

OPSOMMING: 'n Verklarende skoolwoordeboek gerig op leerders in die junior sekondêre fase moet, in die Suid-Afrikaanse konteks, gebruikersgerigte praktyke navolg om op kommunikatiewe en pedagogiese vlak waarde toe te voeg vir beide moedertaal- en niemoedertaalsprekende leerders. Een so 'n praktyk is die opname van ostensiewe illustrasies as mikrostrukturele items om die oordrag van pragmatiese en semantiese data te bevorder. In hierdie artikel word die waarde van ostensiewe illustrasies en hulle relevansie binne 'n verklarende skoolwoordeboek gerig op leerders in die junior sekondêre fase beoordeel, waarna sekere voorbehoude rakende hulle gebruik behan-del word. 'n Besluit om wel ostensiewe illustrasies op te neem, noodsaak verder 'n bespreking van waar om hierdie items in die mikrostruktuur te plaas sowel as 'n bespreking van verskillende tipes illustrasies wat vir opname in die woordeboektipe onder bespreking geskik sal wees. Vervolgens word 'n kritiese evaluering van die hantering van ostensiewe illustrasies in 'n eg Suid-Afrikaanse verklarende skoolwoordeboek gerig op leerders in die junior sekondêre fase gegee en voorstelle gemaak vir 'n verbeterde mikrostrukturele behandeling wat aan die eise van die gebruikersper-spektief voldoen. Laastens word die kwessie van noodsaaklike mediostrukturele ondersteuning vir hierdie datatipe in die vorm van presiese, omvattende kruisverwysings, ter sprake gebring. Hierdie artikel probeer dus om kriteria vir die suksesvolle leksikografiese hantering van ostensiewe illus-trasies aan te bied.

Sleutelwoorde: BYSKRIFTE, BYVOEGLIKE NAAMWOORD, GROEPILLUSTRASIE, JU-NIOR SÊKONDERE ONDERRIGFASE, KOMMUNIKATIEWE WAARDE, KRUISVERWYSINGS, MIKROSTRUKTURELE ITEMS, OSTENSIEWE ILLUSTRASIES, PEDAGOGIESE WAARDE, SELF-STANDIGE NAAMWOORD, STRUKTUURMERKERS, VERKLARENDE SKOOLWOORDEBOEK, VOORBEELDMATERIAAL, WERKWOORD

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ABSTRACT: Ostensive Illustrations as Microstructural Items in Explanatory

TRANSICIÓN DE FASE ENTRE FORMAS FCC Y BCC DEL ESTRONCIO Y SUS PROPIEDADES ESTRUCTURALES Y ELECTRONICAS MEDIANTE TEORÍA DEL FUNCIONAL DE LA DENSIDAD (DFT

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María A. Puerto

2012-01-01

Full Text Available Se han realizado cálculos de primeros principios para de terminar las propiedades estructurales y electrónicas del estroncio en sus fases de cristalización Im-3m y Fm-3m dentro del formalismo de la Teoría del Funcional de la Densidad (DFT. Esto se hizo a partir del método de ondas planas aumentadas y linealizadas en la versión de potencial completo (FP-LAPW con la aproximación de gradiente generalizado (GGA. Se encontró que la configuración más estable es la Fm-3m , con una constante de red a 0 = 11,38 bohr , energía de cohesión E o = - 0,107 Ry y módulo de volumen B 0 = 113 GPa . A partir de la densidad de esta dos y la estructura de bandas de energía se evidenció el carácter metálico de este elemento para ambas estructuras cristalinas. Se predice una posible transición de fase estructural de la Fm-3m a la Im-3m bajo una presión de 178 GPa .

INDEKS MITOSIS UJUNG AKAR KECAMBAH CABE BESAR (Capsicum annuum L. SETELAH PERLAKUAN SUSPENSI Trichoderma sp.

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PetroneLa Deno Raja

2016-06-01

Full Text Available Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui indeks mitosis ujung akar kecambah cabe besar (Capsicum annuum L. setelah perlakuan suspensi Trichoderma sp. Penelitian ini dilakukan di laboratorium Struktur Perkembangan Tumbuhan Jurusan Biologi FMIPA, Universitas Udayana dari Oktober 2013-November 2013. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode squash, biji cabe untuk kontrol direndam dalam air ± 6 jam, untuk perlakuan biji setelah direndam air, direndam lagi dalam suspensi Trichoderma sp. 10-7 selama ± 6 jam, selanjutnya dikecambahkan. Ujung akar kecambah 2 mm dipotong, difiksasi dalam larutan farmer ± 2-24 jam, dihidrolisis dalam larutan 3N HCL ± 2-5 menit dan kemudian pewarnaan dengan aceto orcein ± 5 menit. Pengamatan dilakukan dengan mikroskop binokuler, data pembelahan tiap fase mitosis dihitung (%, dicatat dan difoto, dan dianalisis dengan menggunakan uji paired T tes.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Trichoderma sp. berpengaruh terhadap indeks mitosis sel ujung akar Capsicum annuum L.,  pada fase metafase berbeda nyata antara kontrol dan perlakuan, sedangkan pada fase profase, anafase dan telofase berbeda tidak nyata.  Pada perlakuan persentase fase profase, metafase, anafase dan telofase (77,14%; 12,96 %; 5,88 % dan 5,23 % lebih tinggi dari kontrol (66,40 %; 5,44 %; 4,96 % dan 4,66 %.

Modalidades terapéuticas en la fase latente prolongada del trabajo de parto Therapeutic modalities in the prolonged latent phase of labor

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Danilo Nápoles Méndez

2012-05-01

Full Text Available En el trabajo de parto, la distocia de fase latente constituye una entidad clínica relacionada con el aumento de la morbilidad y mortalidad materna y perinatal. En este artículo se exponen las modalidades de tratamiento para el trastorno de esta fase del trabajo de parto, a fin de que los obstetras posean alternativas terapéuticas que posibiliten una mayor preparación en la toma de decisiones. Asimismo, se describen tanto las formas de terapia conservadora (reposo terapéutico, como las de la activa. Se concluye que el tratamiento activo no invasivo de base etiológica con misoprostol y la terapia activa con oxitocina y rotura artificial de membranas tardía, son modalidades empleadas en obstetricia con resultados satisfactorios.Dystocia of latent phase constitutes a clinical entity related to the increase of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality during labor. The treatment modalities for the disorder of this phase of labor are exposed in this work, so that the obstetricians have therapeutic alternatives which facilitate a greater preparation in the decision-making process. The ways for conservative therapy (therapeutic rest and active therapy are also described. It is concluded that the non-invasive active treatment of etiological basis with misoprostol and the active therapy with oxytocin and late artificial rupture of membranes are the modalities used in obstetrics with satisfactory results.

DETERMINAÇÃO DAS DIMENSÕES DE UM BIODIGESTOR EM FUNÇÃO DA PROPORÇÃO GÁS/FASE LÍQUIDA

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Deyvid da Silva Ribeiro

2011-03-01

Full Text Available Devido ao risco de contaminação ambiental através da má manipulação dos excrementos animais produzidos pela pecuária, se faz necessário buscar alternativas eficientes e de baixo custo para resolver este problema. Entre as diversas soluções, FAO (1995 recomenda o Biodigestor como uma alternativa viável e prática. Entre os benefícios gerados pelo o biodigestor podemos citar: produção de biogás, descontaminação biológica e química dos dejetos animais e a geração de biofertilizante (CIPAV, [2004?]; Fregoso et al, 2001; Marchaim, 1992; Botero e Preston, 1986. Por tanto, esse presente trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de determinar as dimensões de um biodigestor tubular em função da proporção gás/fase líquida desejada. Para esse fim, foram utilizadas as recomendações de Ribeiro (2004, o Raciocínio Lógico-Matemático e os programas EXCEL 2007 e AutoCAD 2009 que foram utilizados para auxiliar nos cálculos e nas simulações de campo. Os modelos encontrados demonstraram 100% de exatidão no que se refere ao dimensionamento e 100% de aplicabilidade em campo para biodigestores com proporções gás/fase líquida menores a 40%.

DAR VOZ AOS PROFESSORES DE EDUCAÇÃO FÍSICA: AS HISTÓRIAS DE VIDA SOBRE OS MOMENTOS SIGNIFICATIVOS EM RELAÇÃO AS FASES DA CARREIRA DOCENTE

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Hugo Norberto Krug

2013-12-01

Full Text Available Este estudo objetivou analisar a carreira de professores de Educação Física Escolar de uma cidade do sul do Brasil, numa perspectiva de desenvolvimento profissional e de percurso de formação, identificando os momentos significativos desse mesmo percurso, e, ainda, caracterizando os momentos identificados considerando as fases do percurso profissional docente. A metodologia caracterizou-se como qualitativa com abordagem (autobiográfica onde utilizamos a narrativa oral que foi gravada, transcrita e analisada à luz da identificação dos significados. Participaram dez professoras. Concluímos que os melhores e piores momentos, os problemas sentidos, os momentos de ruptura profissional e a motivação para a carreira podem ocorrer em quaisquer momentos da docência, independentemente da fase do percurso profissional e por diversas razões. Estes traços caracterizadores ajudam a delinear um perfil de carreira que, mesmo não sendo de forma linear entre as professoras, deixam marcas positivas e/ou negativas.

STUDI PENDAHULUAN OZONASI (KATALITIK DAN NON KATALITIK LIMBAH CAIR KARBOFURAN

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Enjarlis Enjarlis

2012-02-01

Full Text Available Karbofuran adalah insektisida yang banyak digunakan oleh petani padi di Indonesia. Di perairan karbofuran berpotensi membentuk organoklorida dengan klor atau turunan klor. Oleh sebab itu,   karbofuran  digunakan sebagai objek  penelitian untuk disisihkan dalam air dengan proses ozonasi. Proses ozonasi  mampu menguraikan organik kompleks menjadi sederhana dan  meningkatkan sifat biodegradable. Tujuan penelitian yaitu membandingkan  penyisihan karbofuran  dalam air dengan proses ozonasi non-katalitik dan katalitik menggunakan katalis karbon aktif. Ragam percobaan yaitu pH (2, 7, dan 9 pada  suhu kamar  selama  60 menit.  Analisis konsentrasi karbofuran  menggunakan kromatografi gas dan konsentrasi zat organik  sebagai Chemical Oxigen Deman (COD secara titrasi pada satiap10 menit selama 60 menit. Hasil percobaan memperlihatkan proses ozonasi katalitik dan non-katalitik terbaik  pada kondisi basa (pH 9  dengan penyisihan karbofuran 100 % dan COD turun dari 134 ppm menjadi 38 ppm untuk ozonasi katalitik, sedangkan pada ozonasi non-katalitik penyisihan  karbofuran  46,4 % dan  COD turun menjadi  70 ppm. Perubahan suhu dan pH selama proses baik ozonasi katalitik maupun non-katalitik  tidak menunjukkan perubahan yang berarti.

Características químicas e avaliação microbiológica de diferentes fases de maturação do biofertilizante Bokashi

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Flaviane Eva Magrini

2011-08-01

Full Text Available O uso de biofertilizantes é uma das alternativas que vêm sendo testada e adotada na agricultura, a fim de reduzir o uso de produtos químicos como forma de reaproveitamento de resíduos da propriedade. O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar a concentração de N, P, K, Fe, Zn, Mg e Ca e a microbiota fúngica de diferentes fases de maturação do biofertilizante Bokashi. As amostras foram avaliadas aos 15, 30, 60 e 85 dias de maturação. A partir da análise das amostras observou-se que a maioria dos nutrientes avaliados tiveram seu valor mais expressivo aos 60 dias de maturação da compostagem. Os fungos identificados pertencem a diferentes gêneros, destacando-se a presença de Aspergillus sp., Dactylium sp. e Rhizopus sp. na fase final de maturação do composto. Os resultados demonstram que ocorreram variações na concentração dos nutrientes e nas populações de microrganismos do biofertilizante avaliado, demonstrando uma intensa atividade biológica no composto com a liberação de diversos nutrientes para o meio.

Método de cálculo de comportamiento térmico de cerramientos de edificios con materiales de cambio de fase

OpenAIRE

Urresti González, Aitor

2017-01-01

331 p. El almacenamiento de energía térmica en forma de calor latente puede ser una buena medida para reducirla demanda tanto de refrigeración como de calefacción de los edificios. EL fuerte comportamiento nolineal de este tipo de almacenamiento requiere de un buen análisis previo de las propiedades para unaprovechamiento óptimo. El presente trabajo recoge todo el proceso de selección de un material decambio de fase: desde la medición de propiedades térmicas, pasando por la definición de u...

Fibra na ração de crescimento e seus efeitos no desempenho de poedeiras nas fases de crescimento e postura

OpenAIRE

Braz,Nádia de Melo; Freitas,Ednardo Rodrigues; Bezerra,Roseane Madeira; Cruz,Carlos Eduardo Braga; Farias,Nadja Naiara Pereira; Silva,Nemuel Muniz da; Sá,Newton Lima; Xavier,Regina Patrícia de Souza

2011-01-01

Objetivou-se com esta pesquisa avaliar os efeitos dos níveis de fibra em detergente neutro (FDN) das rações oferecidas para as aves entre a 7ª e 17ª semanas de idade sobre o desempenho, o desenvolvimento dos sistemas digestório e reprodutor, bem como os efeitos na maturidade sexual, no desempenho e na qualidade dos ovos na fase de postura.Foram distribuídas 1.296 aves em delineamento inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial 3 × 2, composto de três níveis de FDN e duas linhagens, com quatr...

Estudo longitudinal do eletrocardiograma na doença de Chagas desde a fase aguda

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Roberto C. Pedrosa

1993-09-01

Full Text Available Vários trabalhos com eletrocardiograma na doença de Chagas têm sido feitos. Alguns referindo-se a grupos selecionados de casos, outros a estudos longitudinais, relatam as características da mortalidade nas diversas fases da doença. Com o objetivo de avaliar o valor do eletrocardiograma como índice de avaliação terapêutica e de seu comportamento na doença de Chagas desde a fase aguda, no presente trabalho, analisou-se evolutivamente o eletrocardiograma de 42 pacientes (18 mulheres e 24 homens procedentes da zona rural do Norte de Minas Gerais; predomínio etário foi nas duas primeiras décadas; todos com comprometimento cardíaco; todos receberam tratamento específico. O acompanhamento dos 42 pacientes foi de 9 anos dos quais 3 pacientes tiveram seguimento de 20 anos. Foram analisados 270 eletrocardiogramas. Nós utilizamos os seguintes critérios para a análise do ECG: código de Minnesota modificado para doença de Chagas; WHO/I. S. F. C. TASK FORCE para condução intraventricular e critérios de Pieretti para área eletricamente inativa. Concluímos que as alterações eletrocardiográficas agravam com a evolução da doença e que o eletrocardiograma não serve de índice de avaliação terapêutica.Several studies have been done to analyse the relationship between the characteristics of the electrocardiogram (ECG and mortality in the several stages of the disease, using different methods like multiple case and longitudinal studies. We anatysed the ECGfrom the acute stage up to twenty years of follow-up (±9 years in 42 patients with Chagas ' disease to determine their evolution and it 's value like an indexfor therapeutic evaluation. The 42 patients (18 female, 24 males were originalty from the North of the State of Minas Gerais (Brazil and the initial stage was mainly in the first two decades of age. All bad cardiac involvementand received fiill specific treatment. We utilized the following criteria for the ECG analyses

Quando a fase de equilíbrio pode ser suprimida nos exames de tomografia computadorizada de abdome? What is the real role of the equilibrium phase in abdominal computed tomography?

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Priscila Silveira Salvadori

2013-04-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Avaliar a necessidade de realização da fase de equilíbrio nos exames de tomografia computadorizada de abdome. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Realizou-se estudo retrospectivo, transversal e observacional, avaliando 219 exames consecutivos de tomografia computadorizada de abdome com contraste intravenoso, realizados num período de três meses, com diversas indicações clínicas. Para cada exame foram emitidos dois pareceres, um avaliando o exame sem a fase de equilíbrio (primeira análise e o outro avaliando todas as fases em conjunto (segunda análise. Ao final de cada avaliação, foi estabelecido se houve mudança nos diagnósticos principais e secundários, entre a primeira e a segunda análise. Foi utilizada a extensão do teste exato de Fisher para avaliar a modificação dos diagnósticos principais (p 0,999. Com relação aos diagnósticos secundários, cinco exames (2,3% foram modificados. CONCLUSÃO: Para indicações clínicas como estadiamento tumoral, abdome agudo e pesquisa de coleção abdominal, a fase de equilíbrio não acrescenta contribuição diagnóstica expressiva, podendo ser suprimida dos protocolos de exame.OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the role of the equilibrium phase in abdominal computed tomography. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective, cross-sectional, observational study reviewed 219 consecutive contrast-enhanced abdominal computed tomography images acquired in a three-month period, for different clinical indications. For each study, two reports were issued - one based on the initial analysis of non-contrast-enhanced, arterial and portal phases only (first analysis, and a second reading of these phases added to the equilibrium phase (second analysis. At the end of both readings, differences between primary and secondary diagnoses were pointed out and recorded, in order to measure the impact of suppressing the equilibrium phase on the clinical outcome for each of the patients. The extension of the exact Fisher

Influencia de la fase sigma en la laminación en frío de los aceros inoxidables dúplex

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Fargas, G.

2004-04-01

Full Text Available One of the steps in the industrial rolling process of duplex stainless steels is the annealing heat treatment after hot rolling. If this annealing is performed in a temperature range that favours the precipitation of intermetallic phases, the mechanical properties can be modified considerably. The formation of these precipitates has a detrimental effect on the DSS ductility and toughness, so it will be a drawback for further cold rolling. In the present investigation, the effect of the sigma phase during cold rolling of a duplex stainless steel type EN 1.4462 has been studied. To simulate this process, compression tests up to a thickness reduction similar to that performed at industrial level have been done. The testing samples were studied by optical microscopy, SEM (scanning electronic microscopy and TEM (transmission electronic microscopy. Afterwards, some of the annealing conditions were selected in order to carry out cold rolling, using a laboratory scale machine, with the aim to observe if they offered a similar behaviour as that experienced in the compression tests. The results show that only the annealing condition at 975ºC during 10 minutes allows to produce sheets without rolling defects.

Una de las etapas en el proceso de fabricación industrial de los aceros inoxidables dúplex laminados es el tratamiento térmico de recocido posterior a la laminación en caliente. Si dicho recocido se efectúa en un rango de temperaturas que favorezca la formación de fases intermetálicas, las propiedades mecánicas del material pueden modificarse notablemente. La presencia en la microestructura bifásica de dichos precipitados provoca efectos muy perjudiciales sobre la ductilidad y la tenacidad del material, pudiendo llegar a hacer inviable la posterior etapa de laminación en frío. En el presente trabajo se ha estudiado el efecto sobre el proceso de laminación en frío de la presencia de fase sigma en un acero dúplex tipo E.N. 1

Rediseño, optimización y producción de fuente fotovoltaica portatil (Fase II

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Jaime Hernán Rojas Parra

2010-07-01

Full Text Available Este artículo presenta los resultados de la investigación institucional desarrollada por la Escuela de Telemática y Electrónica de la Policía Nacional de Colombia en el año 2010, proceso científico y tecnológico que tuvo como objetivo central de estudio el rediseño, optimización y producción de una fuente fotovoltaica portátil (Fase II que permitirá que los operativos o procedimientos en área rural se desarrollen con más precisión y autonomía porque brinda herramientas al personal, garantiza la sostenibilidad de las comunicaciones, así como la de los demás de equipos electrónicos que por su naturaleza son indispensables en este tipo de eventos y que por imperiosa necesidad requieren una fuente generadora de energía eléctrica.

Prioridades de intervención para la fase aguda de las emergencias complejas formuladas por nueve agencias de ayuda humanitaria

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Carmen Sofía Carrillo Jaimes

2004-01-01

Full Text Available Las Emergencias Complejas son un problema de Salud Pública internacional de frecuencia y magnitud crecientes que producen una importante mortalidad y morbilidad especialmente durante su fase aguda. El objetivo de este estudio es identificar y analizar las áreas prioritarias de intervención en la fase aguda de una emergencia compleja formuladas en los manuales operativos de las principales agencias de ayuda, así como el nivel de desarrollo y estructuración de las actividades propuestas en cada área de prioridad. Métodos: Como material de estudio se utilizaron los manuales de intervención elaborados por 9 de las principales agencias de ayuda. Se procedió a un análisis cuantitativo de las 16 prioridades de intervención planteadas así como del nivel de formulación de cada prioridad en base al desarrollo de 73 variables o aspectos de las propuestas formuladas en los manuales. Resultados: El manual de ACNUR recoge el 90% de las 73 variables de desarrollo de las prioridades y el de Oficina de Coordinación de Asuntos Humanitarios de Naciones Unidas el 35% de las 73 variables. ACNUR presenta el mejor desarrollo de las variables no sanitarias, seguido de MSF y USAID. Médicos sin fronteras muestra un grado de desarrollo de las variables sanitarias del 97,3% seguido de ACNUR (94,7%, USAID y UNICEF (92,1%. Conclusiones: Se ha encontrado que ACNUR tiene la propuesta más integral y Oficina de Coordinación de Asuntos Humanitarios de Naciones Unidas la más discreta. Existe una tendencia general a desarrollar y unificar los indicadores de salud, mientras que otros aspectos no se desarrollan.

Purificación y caracterización de alfa-amilasa de penicillium commune producida mediante fermentación en fase sólida

OpenAIRE

Espinel, Esperanza; López, Elizabeth

2010-01-01

Este estudio reporta la purificación y caracterización parcial de una alfa-amilasa producida por Penicillium commune mediante fermentación en fase sólida, empleandoyuca blanca colombiana (Manihot esculenta Crantz) como soporte. La enzima fue purificada por precipitación fraccionada con sulfato de amonio, cromatografía de intercambio aniónico (DEAE-Sephadex A-50), cromatografía de filtración por gel (Sephadex G-75) y cromatografía de intercambio catiónico (CM-Sephadex C-50) obteniendo una acti...

Fase sexual de los helechos Odontosoria schlechtendalii y Odontosoria scandens (Dennstaedtiaceae

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Beatriz Granados

2003-09-01

Full Text Available Los resultados de los estudios sobre morfogénesis de la fase sexual de Odontosoria schlechtendalii y O. scandens son presentados en este trabajo. En O. schechlechtendalii y O. scandens las esporas son triletes, no clorofílicas, carecen de perina, la exina es lisa, ligeramente granulada a retuculata y la germinación es tipo Vittaria. El patrón de desarrollo protálico es tipo Adiantum. Los gametófitos adultos son cordiforme espatulados, con la probable presencia de anteridiógenos en O. schlechtendalii, ambas especies son glabras. Los organos sexuales son del tipo común de los helechos leptosporangiados. Las primeras hojas aparecen a los 56-92 días de cultivo, cuyo pecíolo y lámina es angostamente dividida, con tricomas bifurcados y estomas anomocíticosThe results of morphogenesis studies of the sexual phase of Odontosoria schlechtendalii and O. scandens are presented in this paper. In O. schlechtendalii and O. scandens the spores are triletes, non-chlorophyllous, and germinación is of the Vittaria-type, devoid of perine, the exine is smoth and sometimes coarsely ridged to reticulate. The development pattern is of the Adiantum-type. The adult gametophyte is cordate-spathulate, with probable presence of anteridiogen in O. schlechtendalii, both species are glabrous. Sex organs are of the common type of the leptosporangiate ferns. The first leaves appeared after 56-92 days of culture, with petiole and plate divide narrow, trichomes bifurcate and stomate anomocytic

Farelo de trigo na alimentação de poedeiras semipesadas na fase de recria Wheat bran in growing phase laying hens feeding

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Daniel de Magalhães Araujo

2008-01-01

Full Text Available O estudo foi conduzido com o objetivo de avaliar os efeitos da inclusão de farelo de trigo (FT na ração sobre o desempenho de frangas semipesadas nas fases de recria 1 (7 a 14 semanas de idade e recria 2 (15 a 19 semanasde idade e seu efeito residual durante a fase inicial de produção de ovos. Foram utilizadas 160 frangas Lohmann Brown distribuídas em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com quatro níveis de FT na ração: 0 (controle, 10, 20 e 30%, que resultaram em quatro tratamentos, com cinco repetições de oito aves na fase de recria 1. Ao completarem 14 semanas, as aves foram transferidas para gaiolas de arame galvanizado, redistribuídas em seis repetições de seis aves. Utilizaram-se 144 aves e descartaram-se, aleatoriamente, quatro aves por tratamento, constituindo a fase de recria 2. A adição de FT diminuiu linearmente o peso vivo final e o ganho de peso, resultando em reduções de 1,15 e 0,03 g, respectivamente, para cada 1% de inclusão de FT na ração. O consumo de água aumentou de forma quadrática e cresceu, em valores absolutos, com o aumento de 0 a 30% de farelo de trigo. A cada aumento de 1% de FT na ração, a idade das aves ao primeiro ovo elevou aproximadamente 0,6 dia e o peso do ovo em 0,22 g. A inclusão de farelo de trigo na ração reduz a taxa de crescimento de frangas, atrasa o início da postura, mas melhora o peso inicial dos ovos em relação a dietas à base de milho e de farelo de soja.This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the inclusion of the wheat bran (WB in the ration on egg brown chicken (Lohmann Brown performance in the growing phase 1 (7 to 19 week of age and growing phase 2 (15 to 19 week of age and its residual effects on initial egg production. One hundred-sixty chickens were allotted to a completely randomized design with four level of WB in the ration: 0 (control, 10, 20 and 30%, that resulted in four treatments, with five replicates of eight birds in the growing phase 1. At the

Optimal Phase Balancing Planning for Loss Reduction in Distribution Systems using a Specialized Genetic Algorithm Planeamiento Optimo de Balance de Fases para Reducción de Perdidas en Sistemas de Distribución usando un Algoritmo Genético Especializado

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Mauricio Granada Echeverri

2012-06-01

Full Text Available Unbalanced operation of distribution systems deteriorates power quality andincreases investment and operation costs. Feeder reconfiguration and phaseswapping are the two main approaches for load balancing, being the formermore difficult to execute due to the reduced number of sectionalizing switchesavailable in most distribution systems. On the other hand, phase swappingconstitutes a direct, effective and low cost alternative for load balancing. The main contribution of this paper is the proposal of an optimization model anda solution technique for phase balancing planning in distribution systems. Asregards the optimization model, a mixed integer nonlinear programming formulationis proposed. On the other hand, the proposed solution techniqueconsists on a specialized genetic algorithm. To show the effectiveness of theproposed approach, several tests are carried out with two distribution systemsof 37 and 19 buses, this last one with different load models. Results showedthat in addition to the achievement of the primary objective of loss reduction,phase balancing allows obtaining other technical benefits such as improvementof voltage profile and alleviation of congested lines.La operación desbalanceada de los sistemas de distribución deteriora la calidad de la potencia y aumenta los costos de inversión y operación. La reconfiguración de alimentadores y el intercambio de fases son los dos principales enfoques para balance de fases, siendo el primero más difícil de llevar a cabo debido al número reducido de seccionalizadores disponibles en la mayoría de los sistemas de distribución. Por otro lado, el intercambio de fases constituye una alternativa directa, efectiva y de bajo costo para el balance de fases. La contribución principal de este artículo es la propuesta de un modelo de optimización y una técnica de solución para el planeamiento de balance de fases en sistemas de distribución. En cuanto al modelo de optimización, se

Efeito dos teores de cálcio para poedeiras semipesadas durante a fase de pré-postura e no início da postura

OpenAIRE

Nunes,Ricardo Vianna; Pozza,Paulo Cezar; Scherer,Carina; Campestrini,Evandro; Rocha,Leonardo Dornelles da; Nunes,Christiane Garcia Vilela; Costa,Fernando Guilherme Perazzo

2006-01-01

O fornecimento de diferentes teores de cálcio para poedeiras semipesadas durante a fase de pré-postura e seus efeitos nas quatro semanas subseqüentes foram avaliados neste experimento. Foram utilizadas 288 aves da linhagem Isabrown com 16 semanas de idade, distribuídas em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com quatro tratamentos, oito repetições e nove aves por unidade experimental. As rações, à base de milho e farelo de soja, foram formuladas para atender às exigências nutricionais da...

40 CFR 96.340 - State trading budgets.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 20 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false State trading budgets. 96.340 Section...) NOX BUDGET TRADING PROGRAM AND CAIR NOX AND SO2 TRADING PROGRAMS FOR STATE IMPLEMENTATION PLANS CAIR NOX Ozone Season Allowance Allocations § 96.340 State trading budgets. (a) Except as provided in...

40 CFR 96.140 - State trading budgets.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 20 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false State trading budgets. 96.140 Section...) NOX BUDGET TRADING PROGRAM AND CAIR NOX AND SO2 TRADING PROGRAMS FOR STATE IMPLEMENTATION PLANS CAIR NOX Allowance Allocations § 96.140 State trading budgets. The State trading budgets for annual...

Modelación matemática del transporte neumático del mineral laterítico en fase densa

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Yoalbys Retirado-Mediaceja

2007-03-01

Full Text Available En las empresas cubanas del níquel, el transporte neumático está limitado por el excesivo gasto de energía que alcanza los 18,82 MJ/t. Las causas que originan esta dificultad son: la incorrecta selección de la velocidad del gas transportador, la existencia de los alimentadores sinfín y la infinita variedad de características físicas y aerodinámicas de los materiales a transportar, que conducen a la inexactitud de los proyectos de las instalaciones neumáticas. A partir de los conocimientos existentes para el transporte neumático de sólidos en las fases fluida y densa se deduce un modelo teórico descriptivo, cuyos parámetros (diferencia de velocidad entre el gas y el sólido y velocidad de flotación se obtienen con datos de una instalación experimental. Para obtener los parámetros del modelo se utiliza el método de solución de ecuaciones diferenciales Runge–Kutta cuarto orden, como parte de un procedimiento iterativo que conduce a la minimización del módulo del error promedio entre los valores experimentales y los predichos por el modelo. Con el empleo del modelo se simula la dependencia de las pérdidas de presión, el flujo másico de sólido y la concentración de la mezcla en función del flujo másico de gas de los sistemas de transporte neumático del mineral laterítico. Se confirma la reducción de las pérdidas de presión con el incremento de la velocidad del fluido en zonas inferiores a los 6,12 m/s en el transporte horizontal y 5,21 m/s en el vertical. El transporte en fase densa continua se extiende hasta los 18 m/s, aproximadamente, en ambos casos.

Climate Management System for mushroom cultivation (CMMC). First phase. Inventory and functional design; Klimaat Managementsysteem Champignonteelt (KMC). 1e fase. Inventarisatie en functioneel ontwerp

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Gielen, J.H. [DLV Plant, Horst (Netherlands)

2011-03-15

This report describes the feasibility and the opportunities of developing a Climate Management System for Mushroom Cultivation (CMMC) software package, based on which a decision can be made to proceed with the realization of phase 2 of the project, i.e. the actual construction of the CMMC for mushroom cultivation [Dutch] Deze rapportage beschrijft de haalbaarheid en de mogelijkheden van de ontwikkeling van een KMC software pakket, op basis waarvan besloten kan worden tot de realisatie van fase 2 van het project, de daadwerkelijke bouw van de KMC voor de champignonteelt.

Cinesioterapia previne ombro doloroso em pacientes hemiplégicos/paréticos na fase sub-aguda do acidente vascular encefálico

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Horn Agnes Irna

2003-01-01

Full Text Available CONTEXTO: Ombro doloroso é freqüente em pacientes com hemiplegia/hemiparesia (H/P por acidente vascular encefálico (AVE, dificultando a recuperação neuromotora gerando incapacidade funcional. OBJETIVO: Estudar tratamento fisioterapêutico para a prevenção da dor no ombro com H/P em pacientes com AVE na fase sub-aguda, e analisar desfechos secundários (força muscular do ombro acometido e movimentos funcionais ativos básicos. MÉTODO: Estudaram-se 21 pacientes (12 homens, 9 mulheres; idades 26 a 87 anos com H/P. O tratamento fisioterapêutico consistiu de 30 minutos diários de cinesioterapia, desde as 48 horas após o AVE até a alta hospitalar. Os pacientes foram avaliados antes e após o tratamento em relação à presença ou ausência de dor no ombro H/P, à força dos diversos grupos musculares do ombro e quanto aos movimentos funcionais de transferência e manutenção postural básica. RESULTADOS: Nenhum paciente apresentava dor no ombro H/P na alta (p<0,001. A força muscular aumentou significativamente em relação à elevação, protusão, abdução e flexão do ombro (p<0,001. Houve melhora dos movimentos funcionais: decúbito dorsal para lateral, decúbito lateral para sentado e manter-se sentado (p<0,001. CONCLUSÃO: A cinesioterapia na fase aguda do AVE preveniu a dor no ombro H/P e favoreceu a recuperação motora.

Modelo predictivo de control en fundiciones de alta precisión: un nuevo enfoque para la fase de predicción

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Nieves, J.

2011-08-01

Full Text Available A Model Predictive Control (MPC is a system which allows us to control a production plant. Thanks to this type of system is possible to make a production that comes close to “zero defects”. In order to achieve its main goal, this kind of systems consists of several phases. One of the most important is the phase that predicts the situation in which the plant is going to be in a given time. Currently, the majority of the research in this field are related to linear MPC, although the process, which the model tries to represent, may not be. Thus, this paper presents several experiments that proof that the forecast phase, usually represented by a single mathematical function, can be represented by machine-learning models.

Un Modelo Predictivo de Control (MPC es un sistema que permite llevar a cabo el control de una planta de producción. Gracias a este tipo de sistemas es posible realizar una producción que se aproxime al “cero defectos”. Para poder desempeñar su labor fundamental, este tipo de sistemas se compone de varias fases o etapas. Una de las más importantes es la fase que permite predecir la situación en la que se va a encontrar la planta en un momento dado. La mayoría de los avances realizados en este campo han estado ligados a los MPC lineales, a pesar de que el proceso que se intenta representar no lo sea. Así, en este artículo, se presentan varios experimentos que permiten demostrar que la etapa de predicción, habitualmente representada por una única función matemática, puede ser representada mediante modelos de aprendizaje automático.

Fases para el diseño y análisis de la Cadena de Valor en las organizaciones en las organizaciones

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Emilio García Vega

2010-07-01

Full Text Available La generación de valor es un tema fundamental en la gestión de las organizaciones debido a que permite la satisfacción de los consumidores, la dinámica frente a la competencia y la retribución a los dueños o accionistas. Su tratamiento responde tanto al mundo académico como al empresarial; es decir, a docentes, investigadores, ejecutivos y responsables de las empresas, ya sean estas micro, pequeñas, medianas o grandes. Si bien existen diferentes aproximaciones al tema, este trabajo buscará desarrollar un acercamiento desde el punto de vista competitivo y mediante la cadena de valor, debido a que esta puede ser considerada como una herramienta válida para diseñar y analizar cómo las organizaciones generan valor. Asimismo, esta investigación trata de presentar la evolución de la generación de valor, partiendo de los modelos clásicos de McKinsey & Company y de Michael Porter. Luego, se presentan algunos planteamientos y aportes a la cadena de valor de diferentes autores y desde diversos puntos de vista, hasta tener cercanía a la actualidad, de modo que se pueda contar con una serie de ideas adicionales, las cuales el autor considera relevantes para afrontar el diseño y análisis de la mencionada cadena. Finalmente, sobre la base del aporte capital del citado profesor de la Universidad de Harvard, se presenta una serie de recomendaciones para la aplicación estratégica de la cadena de valor en la gestión de las organizaciones actuales, las cuales están organizadas en nueve fases (fases para el diseño y análisis de la cadena de valor.

Exigências de treonina para frangos de corte machos nas fases de 1 a 20, 24 a 38 e 44 a 56 dias de idade Threonine requirement of male broiler chicks from 1 to 20, 24 to 38 and 44 to 56 days of age

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Anel Atencio

2004-08-01

Full Text Available Três experimentos foram realizados com o objetivo de determinar a exigência de treonina e a relação treonina:lisina digestível para frangos machos, Avian Farm, nas fases de 1 a 20, 24 a 38 e 44 a 56 dias de idade. Os experimentos foram conduzidos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com cinco níveis de treonina digestível, seis repetições e 20 aves por boxe nas fases de 1 a 20 e 24 a 38 dias de idade e 16 aves por boxe na fase de 44 a 56 dias de idade. Os níveis de treonina digestível utilizados nas diferentes fases foram: de 1 a 20 dias de idade, 0,684 a 0,870% (incremento de 0,047%; de 24 a 38 dias de idade, 0,637 a 0,807% (incremento de 0,043%; e de 44 a 56 dias de idade, 0,565 a 0,715% (incremento de 0,037%. No final de cada experimento, foram avaliadas as características de desempenho e a qualidade de carcaça. Houve efeito quadrático para consumo de ração e ganho de peso na fase de 1 a 20 dias de idade. A exigência de treonina digestível (total na fase de 1 a 20 dias de idade foi de 0,777% (0,890% total, correspondente a uma relação treonina:lisina de 67%, de acordo com os resultados de ganho de peso e com o modelo descontínuo. Não houve efeito dos níveis de treonina sobre as características de desempenho, sugerindo que o nível de treonina digestível (total de 0,637 (0,731% total, correspondente a uma relação de 60%, foi suficiente para atender às exigências das aves na fase de 24 a 38 dias de idade, no entanto níveis mais baixos devem ser estudados para determinação do valor exato da exigência. Observou-se efeito linear dos níveis de treonina digestível sobre o rendimento de perna na fase de 24 a 38 dias de idade. Não houve efeito dos níveis de treonina sobre as características de desempenho e rendimento de cortes nobres na fase de 44 a 56 dias de idade, sugerindo que o nível de treonina digestível (total de 0,565% (0,650% total, correspondente a uma relação de 60%, foi suficiente para

Tentativa de tratamento específico, por meio da ticlopidina, de pacientes com doença de Chagas em fase crônica

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Rassi Anis

2000-01-01

Full Text Available Em investigação experimental, a ticlopidina mostrou ser ativa no sentido de diminuir a parasitemia e a mortalidade quando avaliada a infecção de camundongos pelo Trypanosoma cruzi. Por isso, este fármaco foi administrado a 12 pacientes com doença de Chagas, em fase crônica. Houve utilização de 150, 200 ou 250mg, durante 90 dias, conforme se tratasse de crianças, adolescentes ou adultos, respectivamente. Ficou documentado cabal insucesso sob os pontos de vista parasitológico e sorológico.

Síntesis de TiO2, fase anatasa, por el método solgel: estudio del efecto de la presencia de AcacH en el sistema

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Yasser Ochoa

2010-01-01

Full Text Available El dióxido de titanio, TiO2, es un semiconductor tipo n sensible a la luz que absorbe radiación electromagnética en la región del UV, es anfótero y muy estable químicamente. Por las características mencionadas es el fotocatalizador más empleado y actualmente se utiliza para degradar moléculas orgánicas durante la purificación del agua. En este trabajo se utilizó el método Sol-Gel para sintetizar dióxido de titanio, proceso que permitió obtener materiales amorfos y policristalinos de forma sencilla. Se estudió el efecto de la presencia de un acomplejante, acetilacetona, y de los tratamientos térmicos realizados a las muestras sobre las características del producto final, poniendo especial atención a la fase cristalina presente en el sólido, para el presente caso anatasa. Los polvos cerámicos obtenidos se caracterizaron empleando diferentes técnicas, principalmente espectroscopía infrarroja con transformada de Fourier (FTIR, difracción de rayos X (DRX y microscopía de transmisión (MET. Los resultados indican que utilizando AcacH se pueden obtener partículas nanométricas (< 20 nm de TiO2 fase anatasa, muy bien cristalizado a 450ºC.

Food irradiation process control and acceptance. Regional UNDP project for Asia and the Pacific, mission undertaken in Indonesia. Food irradiation process control, market testing and economic feasibility RPFI-Phase 3

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Giddings, G.G.

1992-01-01

At the request of the Government of Indonesia, the FAO/IAEA expert undertook a one-week mission to Indonesia between 9 and 16 March 1991, to the Center for Application of Isotopes and Radiation (CAIR) of BATAN at Jakarta. This mission included the following: The expert advised and assisted on matters related to radiation processing and food irradiation relevant to Indonesia and its on-going programmes, including meetings with CAIR Director, Mrs. Nazly Hilmy, and NAEA Deputy Director General, Dr. H. Nazir Abdullah. Consultations were also held with the various groups within the CAIR regarding their research and development programmes, and in particular the group involved specifically with food irradiation. In the company of CAIR staff members, a meeting was held at the Ministry of Health's Directorate for Food and Drug Control regarding legislative, regulatory and industrial food irradiation actions and activities in other countries, prospects for international trade, and the status of these aspects in Indonesia. A visit and tour was made at the Jakarta facilities of New York City - New Jersey (USA) - based International Flavours and Fragances (IFF) which has certain of its raw materials irradiated for hygienic purposes at the (CAIR). A separate meeting was held at the offices of P.T. Perkasa Rubberindo, whose Sterilindo subsidiary is having an industrial gamma irradiator installed at its rubber products manufacturing site East of Jakarta. The expert provided a seminar on radiation processing in general, followed by a question and - answer session. The expert plus CAIR counterparts visited the Jakarta headquarters of the Indonesian Consumer Organization, an International Organization of Consumer Unions affiliate, that has been the most active in the opposition to food irradiation in Indonesia. Following debriefings the expert moved on the Vietnam leg of the three nation mission trip. (author)

40 CFR 97.340 - State trading budgets.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 20 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false State trading budgets. 97.340 Section...) FEDERAL NOX BUDGET TRADING PROGRAM AND CAIR NOX AND SO2 TRADING PROGRAMS CAIR NOX Ozone Season Allowance Allocations § 97.340 State trading budgets. (a) Except as provided in paragraph (b) of this section, the State...

ESTUDIO CINÉTICO DE LA HIDRODECLORACIÓN CATALÍTICA DE CLOROFENOLES EN FASE ACUOSA

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Elena Diaz

2011-01-01

Full Text Available En este trabajo se estudió la hidrodecloración catalítica de 2-clorofenol, 4-clorofenol y 2,4-diclorofenol en fase acuosa empleando un catalizador comercial de Pd/Al2O3 (0,5 % w/w, en condiciones suaves de operación (30oC, 1 bar. La conversión de los reactivos resultó completa en tiempos cortos de reacción. Analizando la evolución de la concentración frente al tiempo de cada uno de los reactivos, intermedios y productos de reacción, se estableció un esquema de reacción serie-paralelo para cada una de las reacciones de hidrodecloración. Se desarrollo un modelo cinético de primer orden respecto al clorofenol de partida que se validó mediante el adecuado ajuste de los resultados experimentales. La posición de los átomos de cloro en la molécula orgánica y el número de los mismos influyeron significativamente tanto en la reactividad de los clorofenoles ensayados como en la velocidad de decloración. Así, la velocidad de decloración siguió el siguiente orden: 4-clorofenol > 2-clorofenol > 2,4-diclorofenol.

El uso de placebo en ensayos clínicos de fase III en Brasil

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Gustavo Butzge Rubenich

2015-01-01

Full Text Available El Consejo Federal de Medicina de Brasil (CFM –órgano normativo y fiscalizador del ejercicio ético de la medicina– prohibió, en 2008, la participación de médicos brasileños en investigaciones que utilizaran placebo para enfermedades con tratamiento eficaz y efectivo, en contraposición a la Declaración de Helsinki, que permite su uso en condiciones metodológicamente justificadas. Con el objetivo de verificar si la normativa ética del CFM modificó el uso de placebo en ensayos clínicos de fase III en Brasil, se analizaron varias características de sus registros en el ClinicalTrials.gov, en los períodos de 2003 a 2007 y de 2009 a 2013. Se concluye que: a la normativa promulgada por el CFM en 2008 fue ineficaz y prevaleció la posición adoptada por la Declaración de Helsinki; b el patrocinio de ensayos con placebo por parte de la industria farmacéutica multinacional fue significativo; c predominaron las investigaciones de fármacos para enfermedades crónicas, y fueron poco significativas para las enfermedades postergadas, de importancia para Brasil.

Características clínicas da fase aguda da infecção experimental de felinos pelo vírus da imunodeficiência felina

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M.S. Zanutto

2011-03-01

Full Text Available A infecção dos felinos pelo Vírus da Imunodeficiência Felina (FIV resulta no desenvolvimento da síndrome de imunodeficiência dos felinos. Gengivite, perda de peso, linfadenomegalia generalizada, anemia, insuficiência renal crônica, complicações neurológicas, diarréia crônica e infecções bacterianas são encontradas frequentemente. A fase aguda da infecção pode ser assintomática, retardando o estabelecimento do diagnóstico e a implantação de medidas profiláticas para restringir o contágio e a transmissão do agente aos felinos suscetíveis. Com a finalidade de estudar as características clínicas da fase aguda da infecção, dez felinos jovens, sem definição racial, com oito meses de idade foram inoculados por via endovenosa com 1mL de sangue venoso de um gato portador do FIV subtipo B. A confirmação da infecção foi obtida através de teste sorológico em quatro e oito semanas pós-inoculação (p.i. e por nested-PCR. Foram realizados hemogramas semanais, exame ultrassonográfico do abdômen quinzenais e exame oftalmológico mensal, durante doze semanas p.i. Discreta tendência a linfopenia na segunda semana p.i. e a neutropenia entre a quinta e sétima semana p.i., febre intermitente em alguns gatos, linfadenomegalia e hepato-esplenomegalia entre a quarta e a 12ª semana p.i. foram as alterações clínicas observadas. Apenas um gato apresentou uveíte unilateral direita. A fase aguda da infecção transcorreu com alterações clínicas inespecíficas. A linfadenomegalia e a hepato-esplenomegalia observadas no decorrer da infecção, refletindo hiperplasia linfóide, sugerem a necessidade de se realizar o teste sorológico para o FIV, em todos os gatos que se apresentarem com essas alterações, o que permitirá o diagnóstico precoce da infecção e a adoção de medidas profiláticas no sentido de minimizar a propagação da infecção.

Estructura y textura de la fase Al₃CaZn en una chapa laminada de la aleación superplástica Al-5 % Ca-5 % Zn

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Pérez-Pardo, M. T.

1998-05-01

Full Text Available The structure of the intermetallic phase Al₃CaZn present in the superplastic sheet alloy Al-5 % Ca-5 % Zn has been determined by means of x-ray diffraction (XRD and electrón diffraction (TEM. Also, the texture of this phase has been studied by means of pole figures and the orientation distribution function (ODF. The Al-5 % Ca-5 % Zn alloy is formed by a fine grained aluminum matrix (d ≈ 2-3 μm and 20 % vol. of Al₃CaZn in the form of round-shaped particles with 0.2-0.5 μm diameter. This alloy undergoes superplastic behavior in a wide range of strain rates and temperatures. It has been found in this work that the structure of the second phase is body-centered tetragonal, with lattice parameters a = b = 0.422 nm and c = 1.131 nm. The texture of the alloy is formed by the fiber <001>, i.e., the crystallites are oriented preferentially with the c-axis perpendicular to the rolling plane. The texture sharpens after severe annealings.

En este trabajo se ha determinado la estructura de la fase Al₃CaZn, presente en una chapa laminada de la aleación Al-5 % Ca-5 % Zn, mediante técnicas de difracción de rayos X (DRX y difracción de electrones (MET. Además, se ha estudiado su textura mediante figuras de polos y la función de distribución de orientaciones (FDO. La aleación Al-5 % Ca-5 % Zn objeto de este estudio consta de una matriz de aluminio de grano fino (d ≈ 2-3 μm y un 20 % vol. de la fase Al₃CaZn. Esta segunda fase está presente en el material de partida en forma de partículas esferoidales de 0,2 - 0,5 μm de diámetro. La aleación presenta un comportamiento superplástico en un amplio intervalo tanto de velocidades de deformación como de temperaturas. Se ha encontrado que la fase Al₃CaZn posee una estructura tetragonal centrada, con parámetros de red a = b= 0,422 nm y c = 1,131 nm. Presenta, además, una textura de fibra <001>, en la

Estimación de la característica de Inductancia de fase del Motor de Reluctancia Conmutada MFR 132.1 Estimation of phase inductance profile of MFR 132.1 switched reluctance motor

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Javier Quintana Santos

2011-06-01

Full Text Available En el presente trabajo se enuncia la idea fundamental en la que se basan todos los métodos empleados para la estimación de los parámetros de fase de los motores de reluctancia conmutada. Se describe, además, un algoritmo de división con punto decimal fijo en lenguaje VHDL. El algoritmo descrito se utiliza posteriormente para la estimación de la inductancia de fase del motor de reluctancia conmutada MFR 132.1, mediante el empleo de la técnica invasiva de modulación de amplitud con señales de tensión pulsantes de tres estados. Se diseñó y construyó una instalación experimental sobre la base de un FPGA de Actel, de la familia ProASIC 3 modelo A3P250, para el procesamiento de las señales. Finalmente se exponen y comentan las características de inductancia de fase del motor de reluctancia MFR 132.1, obtenidas.  In the present work is enunciated the fundamental idea of all the methods used for the estimation of phase parameters in the switched reluctance motors. The fixed point division algorithm employed to estimate the inactive phase inductance profile of the MFR 132.1 switched reluctance motor, is described in VHDL programming language. The algorithm implements the intrusive estimation technique of amplitude modulation with three states pulsating signals. The structure of the experimental set up for the digital signal processing, which is based on the Actel FPGA ProAsic 3 A3P250 development kit, is depicted. Finally, the inactive phase’s inductance profiles, which were experimentally obtained, are shown for different voltage values in the Direct Current converter link.

Fase gametofítica del helecho Microgramma nitida (Polypodiaceae

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Ma. del Rosario Ramírez

1998-09-01

Full Text Available Se describe la fase gametofítica del helecho Microgramma nitid con esporas de Veracruz, México (siembra promedio 40 esporas/ cm². La morfogénesis se caracteriza por: germinación tipo Vittaria, un filamento inicial de seis células protálicas; gametofitos jóvenes espatulados que se transforman en gametofitos adultos cordiformes-alargados, con márgenes ondulados y tricomas unicelulares-capitados en los margenes y en las superficies; aparición de una célula meristemática obcónica apical, que es reemplazada rápidamente por un meristemo pluricelular. Los anteridios y arquegonios son del tipo usual de las Polypodiaceae s.str. El desarrollo protálico es del tipo Drynaria. Ocho meses después de la siembra apareció la primera hoja del esporofito; ésta es espatulada, con márgenes lisos y una hilera de células aclorofílicas, tricomas pluricelulares, bifurcados y estomas anomocíticos. Las células epidérmicas de la hoja del esporofito tienen paredes laterales onduladas en las superficies dorsal y ventral.The development of the gametophytic phase of Microgramma nitida is described based on spore samples that was obtained of fertil specimens gathered on Veracruz State, Mexico. The spore sowing density was 40 spores/cm2 ; it is characterized by Vittaria-type germination of the spore, a germinal filament of six cells; young gametophytes are naked, spathulated and later are transformed in cordate-elongated adult gametophytes with wavy borders; marginal, superficial capitated, unicellular hairs; the meristematic cell is wedge-shaped and is quickly replaced by a pluricellular meristem. The antheridia and archegonia are of the usual Polypodiaceae s. str.type. Prothallial development is thus of the Drynaria-type. The first leaf of the sporophyte appeared eight months after spore sowing. The leaf is spathulated, with smooth borders and the margin has a row of cells without chlorophyll; bifurcated and pluricellular hairs; anomocytic stomata; the

FORMULASI MIKROEMULSI MINYAK DALAM AIR (O/W YANG STABIL MENGGUNAKAN KOMBINASI TIGA SURFAKTAN NON IONIK DENGAN NILAI HLB RENDAH, TINGGI DAN SEDANG Stable O/W Microemulsion Formulation Using Combination of Three Nonionic Surfactants with Low, High and Med

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Sih Yuwanti

2012-05-01

menghasilkan mik- roemulsi minyak dalam air yang stabil menggunakan kombinasi tiga surfaktan non ionik dengan nilai HLB rendah, tinggi dan sedang; dan mengetahui peran surfaktan dengan nilai HLB sedang dalam formulasi mikroemulsi minyak da- lam air. Kelompok mikroemulsi yang pertama disiapkan dengan kombinasi surfaktan Tween 80, Span 80 dan Span 40 (80 %:10 %:10 % dan variasi proporsi VCO:surfaktan 1:3, 1:3,5 dan 1:4. Kelompok mikroemulsi yang kedua disiap- kan dengan kombinasi surfaktan Tween 80, Span 80 dan Span 40 (90 %:5 %:5 % dan variasi proporsi VCO:surfaktan1:4, 1:4,5 dan 1:5. Uji stabilitas mikroemulsi dilakukan dengan disimpan pada suhu kamar, dioven 105 0C selama 5 jam dan disentrifuge 2300 g selama 15 menit. Pengamatan stabilitas mikroemulsi dilakukan dengan mengukur absorbansi mikroemulsi pada λ 502 nm yang dikonversi menjadi persen turbiditas. Untuk mengetahui peran surfaktan dengan HLB sedang maka dibuat mikroemulsi tanpa surfaktan HLB sedang, dan juga dibuat mikroemulsi dengan variasi rasio surfaktan  HLB rendah dan sedang yaitu 1:1, 2:1 dan 1:2. Mikroemulsi paling stabil diperoleh dari formula dengan proporsi VCO:surfaktan:air = 4:20:76 dengan kombinasi surfaktan Tween 80:Span 80:Span 40 = 90:3,33:6,67. Pe- nambahan surfaktan HLB sedang pada formulasi mikroemulsi minyak dalam air lebih menstabilkan mikroemulsi yang dihasilkan. Surfaktan HLB sedang menjembatani fase minyak dan air dengan lapisan surfaktan sehingga meningkatkan interaksi surfaktan-air dan surfaktan-minyak, transisi antara fase minyak dan fase air menjadi lebih halus dan mikro- emulsi menjadi lebih stabil.

Sustancias húmicas en la disminución del estrés en gallinas ponedoras durante la fase posmuda

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Rosa Angélica Sanmiguel-Plazas

2015-01-01

Se tomaron muestras sanguíneas los días 8,30 y 60, para evaluar hematocritos y relación heterófilos/linfocitos (H/L, y se registró la inmovilidad tónica (IT los días 30 y 60.Se evidenció que los días 30 y 60, los grupos suplementados con SH incrementaron la concentración de hematocrito y disminuyeron la relación H/L y el tiempo de IT (p<0,05. Los resultados obtenidos indican que las SH provenientes de la biotransformación de cachaza, hojas y vinaza de la producción de azúcar se comportan como agentes mitigadores de estrés en la fase temprana y media de la posmuda en gallinas ponedoras Hy Line Brown.

CONTROL Y VIGILANCIA EN FRONTERAS. PAPEL DE SANIDAD EXTERIOR DURANTE LAS FASES DE CONTENCIÓN DE LA PANDEMIA (H1 N1 2009

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Miguel Dávila Cornejo

2010-01-01

Full Text Available Los controles sanitarios en fronteras, establecidos con el objetivo de retrasar la entrada del virus pandémico en España, constituyen una de las actividades propias de las fases de contención de la enfermedad. Su puesta en práctica como estrategia de salud pública en respuesta a epidemias es responsabilidad de la Dirección General de Salud Pública y Sanidad Exterior del Ministerio de Sanidad y Política Social, a través de la Subdirección General de Sanidad Exterior, y para ello se requiere una actuación coordinada con otros organismos implicados. Este trabajo tiene como finalidad describir las actuaciones realizadas en los aeropuertos internacionales durante dichas fases, así como evaluar su efectividad en la consecución del objetivo para el que fueron diseñadas. En este sentido, se establece una hipótesis que trata de explicar cómo las medidas adoptadas por Sanidad Exterior y la colaboración con los Servicios de Vigilancia Epidemiológica de las Comunidades Autónomas podrían haber contribuido a retrasar la propagación del virus en nuestro país. Se destaca la necesidad de consolidar los sistemas de vigilancia en fronteras potenciando dicha colaboración, así como la importancia de diseñar una estrategia clara de comunicación a la población en estos escenarios, que debe acompañar a la implementación de las demás medidas para evitar situaciones de incertidumbre.

Migrantes por amor? Ciclo de vida, gênero e a decisão de migrar em diferentes fases da vida

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Viviane Assunção

2016-05-01

interlocutoras de uma pesquisa etnográfica realizada entre 2012 e 2013, a idade é um importante fator a ser considerado para ponderar os riscos, vantagens e desvantagens da migração. Além da faixa etária, outros marcadores do curso de vida, como ter filhas/os, o nascimento das/os netas/os e a idade destes indivíduos também são considerados em suas decisões. O artigo também traz as considerações das interlocutoras da pesquisa sobre o amor, que, segundo elas, difere a cada fase da vida. Mais do que o amor por seus companheiros holandeses, elas evidenciam e reificam a idealização do amor materno.

PEMILIHAN DESAIN INSTALASI PENGELOLAAN AIR LIMBAH BATIK YANG EFEKTIF DAN EFISIEN DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE LIFE CYCLE COST (Studi Kasus di Kampung Batik Semarang

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Miranti Marita Sari

2015-01-01

Full Text Available Kampung Batik Semarang belum memiliki Instalasi Pengelolaan Air Limbah (IPAL sehingga air limbah hasil produksi batik langsung di buang pada saluran pembuangan air. Limbah air yang berasal dari proses pewarnaan menyebabkan masalah terhadap lingkungan. Hal ini menyebabkan pencemaran pada saluran pembuangan air di lingkungan tersebut sehingga air di dalam saluran pembuangan bewarna hitam pekat. Uji terhadap BOD dan COD pada naftol sebesar 5 mg/l dan 83,9 mg/l, sedangkan pada garam sebesar 14mg/l dan 839 mg/l. Nilai COD tersebut melebihi baku mutu yang telah ditetapkan pemerintah sebesar 100 mg/l. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan IPAL proses fisika kimia dan elektrokoagulasi. Rancangan tersebut diharapkan dapat mengurangi COD yang terkandung dalam limbah batik. Penelitian ini adalah IPAL dengan menggunakan IPAL dengan proses fisika kimia mempunyai efisiensi sebesar 19,85% hingga 72,7%. Biaya IPAL dengan proses fisika kimia adalah sebesar Rp 5.409.909,00 per tahun dengan menggunakan metode Life Cycle Cost (LCC. Sedangkan IPAL dengan proses elektrokoagulasi mempunyai efisiensi sebesar 89% dengan biaya yang di butuhkan sebesar Rp 7.887.546,00 per tahun dengan menggunakan metode Life Cycle Cost (LCC. Maka rekomendasi IPAL terpilih untuk Kampung Batik Semarang adalah  IPAL dengan proses fisika kimia.   Kata Kunci: limbah cair batik, IPAL, fisika kimia, elektrokoagulasi, life cycle cost (LCC Abstract Kampung Batik Semarang has not had Installing a Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP so that the waste water from batik production directly flows to sewer. Waste water from the dyeing process is cause environmental problems . This leads to contamination of the water in the drain so that the water in the sewer colored black. BOD and COD test against the naphthol at 5 mg / l and 83.9 mg / l , while the salt of 14mg / l and 839 mg / l . The COD value exceeds the quality standards set by the government at 100 mg/l. This study uses the WWTP design

ADSORPSI Pb2+ DALAM LIMBAH CAIR ARTIFISIAL MENGGUNAKAN SISTEM ADSORPSI KOLOM DENGAN BAHAN ISIAN ABU LAYANG BATUBARA SERBUK DAN GRANULAR

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Widi Astuti

2015-07-01

Full Text Available Batubara  merupakan  salah  satu  sumber energi  alternatif  yang murah. Oleh karena itu,  penggunaan  batubara  di  Indonesia meningkat pesat  setiap  tahunnya. Penggunaan batubara  ini  menghasilkan  limbah  yang  dapat mencemari lingkungan baik limbah gas  seperti   CO2, NOX,  CO,  SO2,  hidrokarbon  maupun  limbah  padat  yang berupa abu  layang dan  abu  dasar. Abu  layang  mengandung SiO2, Al2O3,  dan sisa karbon yang tidak terbakar sehingga potensial digunakan sebagai adsorben. Pada penelitian ini, kemampuan adsorpsi abu layang ditingkatkan melalui aktivasi termal dan diuji untuk menjerap ion Pb2+ dalam limbah cair artifisial. Adsorpsi dilakukan pada sistem kolom yang berlangsung kontinyu menggunakan bahan isian abu layang teraktivasi, dalam bentuk serbuk dan granular, pada laju alir influen yang bervariasi. Hasilnya, laju alir mempengaruhi nilai kapasitas (qo, konstanta thomas (KtH dan waktu breakthrough.Kata Kunci : Pb2+ , adsorpsi, abu layang, breakthrough Coal is one of the inexpensive alternative energy. Therefore, the usage of coal in indonesia has been increased every year. It produces waste that can pollute the environment including gases waste such as CO2, NOX, CO, SO2, hydrocarbons and solid waste including fly ash and bottom ash. Coal fly ash is composed of  SiO2, Al2O3 and unburned carbon that enables it to act as a potential adsorbent. In this research, the adsorption capasity has increased by thermal activation and used to adsorp Pb2+ ion in wastewater.  The adsorption was carried out in packed column contains powder and granular activated fly ash. In the system, flow rate was varied.  The results show that flow rate influences adsorption capacity, Thomas constant and breakthrough time.Keywords: Pb2+, adsorption, coal fly ash, breakthrough

Microextracción en fase sólida de compuestos volátiles en albahaca (Ocimum basilicum L. Microextracción en fase sólida de compuestos volátiles en albahaca (Ocimum basilicum L.

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Isaac Andrade-González

2012-02-01

Full Text Available Volatile compounds of basil (Ocimum basilicum L. were extracted with solid phase microextraction(SPME and analyzed with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS. TwoSPME fiber coatings, Polydimethylsiloxane/Divinylbenzene (PDMS/DVB, 65 μm and Carbowax/Divinylbenzene (CW/DVB, 65 μm were evaluated in order to compare the extraction ofcomponents. Among the 25 volatile compounds detected were phenylpropanoids, monoterpenes,sesquiterpenes, esters, and aldehydes. There were significant (P Los compuestos volátiles de la albahaca (Ocimum basilicum L. fueron extraídos mediante la microextracción en fase sólida (SPME y analizados con cromatografía de gases-espectrometría de masas (GC-MS. Se evaluaron dos fibras, Polidimetilsiloxano/Divinilbenceno (PDMS/DVB, 65 μm y Carbowax/Divinilbenceno (CW/DVB, 65 μm, para comparar la extracción de componentes. Entre los 25 compuestos volátiles recuperados en la albahaca, se identificaron fenilpropanoides, monoterpenos, sesquiterpenos, ésteres, y aldehídos. Hubieron diferencias significativas (P Cuantitativamente, el componente más importante fue el cinamato de metilo, seguido por el linalol.

Estudio del Efecto de Suspensiones Biológicas sobre la Formación de Fases Acuosas en Sistemas de Extracción que Utilizan Polietilenglicol (PEG) y Fosfato-Edición Única

OpenAIRE

Luisa Fernanda Cueto Gómez

1999-01-01

Los procesos de extracción líquido-líquido de dos fases acuosas representan una alternativa conveniente para recuperar macromoléculas (P. Ej. proteínas) presentes en suspensiones biológicas, debido a que dichos sistemas propician condiciones de operación amigables y que permiten mantener la estabilidad de las proteínas.

Caracterización hidrodinámica de una columna de burbujeo agua aire.

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M. Piedra Díaz,

2009-01-01

Full Text Available Lograr determinar y evaluar los mecanismos que gobiernan los procesos de transporte entre las fases permite predecir el comportamiento de los sistemas multifásicos y establecer estrategias de diseño y de operación para obtener mayores rendimientos y mejoras tecnológicas en los equipos donde tienen lugar estos flujos. Para el estudio de los procesos de transporte es necesario lograr la combinación de metodologías de carácter teórico - experimental con la incorporación de las técnicas novedosas de análisis numérico. En este trabajo se plantea como objetivo desarrollar y construir una instalación experimental para el estudio de las características del flujo multifásico agua - aire. Se presentan resultados sobre la influencia de la fracción de gas y el No de Re en la forma de la columna bifásica. With the determination and evaluation of the governing mechanisms of transport processes between two phases, is possible to predict multiphase system behavior and to establish strategies to design and operate the equipment with the highest performance. To study transport processes is necessary to get the combination of theoretical and experimental methodologies with the necessary numerical analysis. The main objective of this study is to build an experimental installation in order to study the characteristics of water air multiphase flows. Results about the influence of gas fraction and Reynolds number in the shape of the biphasic column are presented.

Sistemas dinámicos en la interacción emocional madre-hijo: primera fase

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Jaime Castro Martínez

2013-03-01

Full Text Available Los avances en psicología de las emociones y psicología del desarrollo han exigido nuevos cambios tanto de orden teórico como metodológico para describir y explicar la variabilidad de las res-puestas infantiles a los cambios que tienen lugar en la dinámica socio-emocional con la madre. Producto de estas variaciones, aparece la integración de los sistemas dinámicos a las descrip- ciones de los teóricos del desarrollo emocional bajo supuestos psicobiológicos y sociobiológicos. Esta investigación indaga el posible uso de modelos de sistemas dinámicos en la generación de patrones de organización durante la interrelación socio- emocional madre-hijo, bajo cambios en los estados emocionales de la madre y bajo modificaciones debidas al desarrollo infantil. Los hallazgos de esta primera fase muestran algunas diferencias en las dinámicas socio-emocionales en cada uno de los estados emocionales maternos, al igual que regu- laridades en la variación por estado emocional. La investigación sugiere ampliar el marco teórico hacia modelos de componentes emocionales y modelos neurobiológicos, y la inclusión de modelos matemáticos de predicción y de análisis de series de tiempos.

Comparação do crescimento de Saccharomyces boulardii em fermentador por batelada tipo air lift e shaker Comparison of Saccharomyces boulardii growth in an air-lift fermentor and in a shaker

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José Luis Muller

2007-12-01

Full Text Available Os fermentadores tipo air lift oferecem vantagens tais como: eficiente homogeneização dos componentes, baixo cisalhamento e economia de energia, pois o meio é agitado pelo processo de aeração, sem necessidade de agitação mecânica. O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar a cinética de crescimento de Saccharomyces boulardii neste fermentador, com aeração de 1 e 1,5 vvm (volume de ar por volume de meio, por minuto, comparada com o crescimento em frascos agitados em shaker, visando a futura aplicação deste fermentador, em escala industrial. Os resultados indicaram que houve uma diminuição do pH com o consumo da glicose do meio, a qual foi totalmente consumida até o final da fase exponencial, de 5 e 6 horas para o shaker e o air lift, respectivamente. Após este período houve uma alteração na velocidade de crescimento de S. boulardii, em ambos os equipamentos, indicando uma possível mudança na fonte de carbono utilizada, uma vez que toda a glicose foi consumida após estes períodos. Os valores de velocidades específicas de crescimento foram semelhantes para o shaker e air-lift com 1,0 vvm, porém inferiores ao air-lift com 1,5 vvm, indicando que neste último reator há possibilidades de se conseguir uma velocidade de produção celular maior, dependendo apenas da eficiência de oxigenação oferecida.This work aimed to analyze the kinetics of S. boulardii growth in an air lift fermentor under two aeration conditions: 1 and 1.5 air vvm (air volume per volume of culture medium per minute, in comparison with growth in shaken flasks, with a view to the future application of this fermenter on an industrial scale. Air lift fermentors offer advantages such as efficient homogenization of the components, low shear stress, and energy savings because the medium is stirred by aeration and does not require mechanical stirring. The pH of the medium decreased with the glucose uptake during the exponential phase, probably due to the formation

Materiales ultrablandos: diagrama de fase de una suspensión coloidal de polímeros estrella

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Gregorio Alejandro Vejar Delgado

2013-06-01

Full Text Available La determinación experimental y predicción teórica de diagrama de fases para las sustancias es un aspecto de la mayor importancia en la ciencia de materiales. La cristalización y fusión a pesar de ser fenómenos cotidianos y de estar dentro de la agenda de estudio de la mecánica estadística desde sus inicios, aún no provee una teoría que las explique de primeros principios. La dificultad principal se debe a que estas transiciones se presentan en sistemas concentrados convirtiéndose en un problema colectivo de muchos cuerpos. Es en este contexto que la prescripción de criterios fenomenológicos que permitan la localización de las líneas de transición es altamente valorada por la comunidad científica. Motivados por ello, en esta comunicación se presentan resultados obtenidos con el criterio de Löwen, mediante simulaciones computacionales, para una suspensión coloidal de partículas ultra suaves conformada por polímeros estrella.

Método para obtenção de metáfases mitóticas de ostras para o estudo do cariótipo

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Rafael Alves

2010-04-01

Full Text Available http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/2175-7925.2010v23n1p111 Atualmente a maricultura está em expansão no litoral de Santa Catarina e Florianópolis é a maior cidade produtora de ostras do Brasil, sendo cultivada a ostra japonesa Crassostrea gigas (Thunberg, 1793. Sobre as ostras nativas há necessidade de muitos tipos de estudo, incluindo aqueles que auxiliem a elucidar a complexa questão sobre o número de espécies brasileiras do gênero Crassostrea. Os estudos taxonômicos de ostras têm se baseado, quase que exclusivamente, na morfologia das conchas de indivíduos recentes e fósseis, a qual nem sempre tem sido suficiente para diferenciar as espécies. Informações citogenéticas podem ser importantes, como características adicionais, para auxiliar na taxonomia. O objetivo deste trabalho foi experimentar e adequar metodologias tradicionalmente empregadas em citogenética animal para a obtenção de metáfases mitóticas para o estudo do cariótipo de ostras. Foram utilizados espécimes coletados na Praia da Ponta do Sambaqui – Florianópolis/SC/Brasil. O método mais eficaz foi a utilização de brânquias obtidas de animais tratados por 12h em solução de colchicina a 0,005% em água do mar, com tratamento hipotônico de 30min em solução de água deionizada 1:1. Apresenta-se um método que permite obter metáfases em quantidades maiores, com número pequeno de cromossomos sobrepostos e morfologia cromossômica bem definida para análise.

Pirolisis Kulit Biji Jambu Mete (Cashew Nut Shell) dengan Katalis Ag/Zeolit

OpenAIRE

Astuti, Rimby Puji; Suyati, Linda; Nuryanto, Rahmad

2012-01-01

Tanaman jambu mete, Anacardium occidentale L. merupakan salah satu komoditi perkebunan yang memiliki nilai ekonomi cukup tinggi. Kulit biji jambu mete mengandung 50% minyak yang terdiri dari senyawa fenolat berupa 90% asam anakardat dan 10% berupa kardol dan kardanol. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mensintesis dan mengkarakterisasi katalis Ag/zeolit, melakukan pirolisis kulit jambu mete, mengetahui pengaruh temperatur pirolisis terhadap produk cair pirolisis dan membandingkan produk cair hasi...

O eletrocardiograma na fase crônica da doença de Chagas experimental no cão

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J. Pellegrino

1946-03-01

Full Text Available O Autor estudou o eletrocardiograma de 6 cães adultos antes e após a inoculação, nestes animais, de uma amostra de Schizotrypanum cruzi obtida de um caso humano de miocardite chagásica com bloqueio aurículo-ventricular total. A fase aguda da moléstia nos cães foi seguida por frequentes exames de sangue a fresco, entre lãmina e lamínula, para a pesquisa do flagelado. Os traçados eletrocardiográficos foram obtidos antes da inoculação e até 320 dias após a mesma. Além das derivações periféricas, em alguns cães, registrou também as derivações precordiais. A interpretação dos eletrocardiogramas seriados foi feita levando-se em conta a variabilidade dos traçados em série observada em cães normais. Em todos os 6 cães estudados houve uma diminuição muito acentuada da voltagem dos complexos ventriculares, denotando lesão miocárdica. A diminuição da voltagem de QRs já se evidencia na fase aguda e de transição da moléstia, tornando-se máxima logo no inicio da fase crônica. Em dois cães, paralelamente com a diminuição da voltagem, houve uma rotação do eixo elétrico para a esquerda. Em um cão foram observadas extrasístoles ventriculares e, em dois, extrasístoles auriculares. Somente em um cão observou alterações significativas da onda P. constituidas por alargamento e entalhe da mesma. O Autor salienta e discute o fato de não ter encontrado alterações na condução (não houve aumento de Pr e somente em um caso houve alargamento significativo de QRS. As pesquizas ainda continuam sendo apenas parciais os resultados apresentados. Agradecemos ao Prof. AMERICANO FREIRE pelas sugestões e ao Sr. KURT BENSEMANN pela constante assistencia técnica.The Author has studied the electrocardiograms of 6 adult dogs, before and after the inoculation of a Schizotrypanum cruzi strain in these animals, which has been obtained from a human case of Chagas' myocarditis with complete aurriculoventricular block. The acute

Revitalización de subcentros metropolitanos. Buenos Aires entre la ciudad dispersa y la ciudad compacta / Revitalization of metropolitan subcentres. Buenos Aires between the dispersed city and the compact city

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Ciccolella, Pablo

2015-09-01

Full Text Available Las grandes ciudades latinoamericanas se debaten actualmente entre dos procesos de transformación socio-territorial convergentes: la densificación y verticalización de las áreas centrales, y la expansión cada vez más difusa y fragmentada de los suburbios. Esta dicotomía entre ciudad compacta y ciudad dispersa parece mostrar procesos singulares en el caso de la región metropolitana de Buenos Aires. A partir de los años dos mil, se han ralentizado los nuevos lanzamientos de urbanizaciones cerradas y, paralelamente, han comenzado a manifestarse algunos casos de revitalización de antiguas subcentralidades del sur de la metrópolis, que habían entrado en una fase de estancamiento y deterioro desde mediados de los años setenta, y actualmente experimentan una aceleración de la producción de vivienda multifamiliar de calidad. Este trabajo explora y muestra algunas experiencias concretas de esta tendencia, con la hipótesis que, al menos en Buenos Aires, los procesos de transformación y reestructuración metrolitana muestran complejidades y diversidades según los contextos temporales y territoriales que se analicen. The large Latin American cities are currently experiencing two convergent socio-territoria transformation processes: the densification and verticalization of central areas, and the increasingly diffuse and fragmented suburban expansion. This dichotomy between the compact city and the dispersed city seems to show unique features in the case of the metropolitan region of Buenos Aires. After the 2000s, the expansion of gated communities has slowed down and at the same time some old subcentralities in the South of the metropolis have begun to revitalize. Since the mid-1970s, they had entered a phase of stagnation and deterioration, and at present the production of quality multifamily housing is rapidly growing. This paper reflects on this trend and show some concrete experiences. Our hypothesis is that in Buenos Aires the process

Air filtration and indoor air quality

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Bekö, Gabriel

2006-01-01

Demands for better indoor air quality are increasing, since we spend most of our time indoors and we are more and more aware of indoor air pollution. Field studies in different parts of the world have documented that high percentage of occupants in many offices and buildings find the indoor air...... decent ventilation and air cleaning/air filtration, high indoor air quality cannot be accomplished. The need for effective air filtration has increased with increasing evidence on the hazardous effects of fine particles. Moreover, the air contains gaseous pollutants, removal of which requires various air...... cleaning techniques. Supply air filter is one of the key components in the ventilation system. Studies have shown that used ventilation filters themselves can be a significant source of indoor air pollution with consequent impact on perceived air quality, sick building syndrome symptoms and performance...

Clasificación y selección de materiales de cambio de fase según sus características para su aplicación en sistemas de almacenamiento de energía térmica

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Oliver, A.

2012-03-01

Full Text Available Thermal energy storage has been linked to Architecture since ancient times, in large massive buildings through sensible heat. Latent heat storage —through phase change materials (PCMs is another way of thermal storage, which has aroused great interest in recent decades. These materials, maintain constant temperature during the phase change while the material stores or releases energy. Their energy density storage is higher than any other. Its use is linked to renewable energy to adjust the supply periods to demand. In this paper we study the different phase change materials, classifying them and analyzing their physical, chemical, mechanical, thermal properties; availability, pricing, durability, and their compatibility with other materials. Their uses and most interesting applications are discussed.

El almacenamiento térmico ha estado ligado a la edificación desde la Antigüedad, en las grandes construcciones masivas, mediante el calor sensible. Otra forma de almacenamiento térmico, que ha suscitado gran interés en las últimas décadas, es en forma de calor latente, mediante materiales de cambio de fase. Estos materiales mantienen constante la temperatura durante el cambio de fase mientras que el material almacena o cede energía. Este hecho supone una mayor densidad energética en comparación con cualquier otro. Su uso está ligado al de las energías renovables para ajustar los periodos de suministro a los de demanda. En este trabajo se estudian los diferentes materiales de cambio de fase, clasificándolos en diferentes grupos y analizando sus características físicas, químicas, propiedades mecánicas, térmicas, así como su compatibilidad con otros materiales, disponibilidad, precios, durabilidad… Se analizan sus usos y aplicaciones más interesantes en general.

FASE INTESTINAL DE Trichinella spiralis EN MODELO MURINO

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MARÍA ALEJANDRA MORENO GARCÍA

2009-01-01

Full Text Available RESUMEN Trichinella spiralis se encuentra principalmente en el hombre, rata, cerdo, perro; puede infectar a cualquier carnívoro u omnívoro. Cuando la carne o sus derivados están contaminados con larvas infectantes (LI de T. spiralis y son ingeridas éstas pasan al estómago, donde sus cápsulas son disueltas por acción de los jugos gástricos, las larvas son liberadas en pocas horas, después pasan a la porción proximal del intestino delgado, donde se lleva a cabo su desarrollo. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue evaluar la fase intestinal de T. spiralis en un modelo murino. Un lote de 45 ratas Long Evans, se infectaron con aproximadamente 500 LI, y fueron sacrificadas tres diarias por 15 días. Se tomó un segmento de duodeno, yeyuno e íleon y se fijaron en formol al 10% para posteriormente ser procesados en parafina y teñido con hematoxilina-eosina. El resto del intestino delgado fue fraccionado, se incubó a 37 ºC por dos horas y el sobrenadante se observó al microscopio de luz. Se encontró que el implante se lleva a cabo a nivel de yeyuno e íleon, que las hembras adultas dan origen aproximadamente 60-80 larvas recién nacidas (LRN, parto vivíparo en un tercio distal y subse-cuentemente son destruidas. Los machos adultos tienen espermatozoides no ciliados. Palabras clave: larvas infectantes, adultos, larvas recién nacidas. ABSTRACT Trichinella spiralis is a parasitic disease in man, rat, pig, but can infect any carnivorous or omnivorous. When the meat or their derivates are contaminated with infective larvae (il of T. spiralis pass to the stomach, their capsules are dissolved by the stomach juice, the larvaes are liberated in few hours, and then they pass to the near portion of the slim intestine in which they develop. The objective of the present work was to evaluate the intestine phase of T. spiralis in a murine model. Fourtyfive Long Evans rats were infected with 500 li approximately, then 3 rats were sacrificed everyday

Argamassas com incorporação de Materiais de Mudança de Fase (PCM): Caracterização física, mecânica e durabilidade

OpenAIRE

Cunha,Sandra; Aguiar,José; Ferreira,Victor; Tadeu,António

2015-01-01

O despertar da consciência ambiental pela sociedade, tem levantado problemas até então ignorados tais como os consumos energéticos. Numa sociedade com um elevado ritmo de crescimento e padrões de conforto cada vez maiores, surge a necessidade de minimizar os elevados consumos energéticos, tirando partido de fontes de energia renováveis. As argamassas com incorporação de materiais de mudança de fase (PCM) possuem a capacidade de regular a temperatura no interior dos edifícios, contribuindo des...

Passionflower supplementation in diets of Japanese qualis at rearing and laying periods Efeitos da utilização de passiflora em rações de codornas japonesas nas fases de recria e postura

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Janaina Della Torre da Silva

2010-07-01

dietas (0, 125, 250 e 375, e 0, 250, 500 e 750 mg de passiflora/kg de ração nas fases de recria e postura, respectivamente, 8 repetições e 6 aves por parcela. A fase de recria iniciou-se aos 28 dias de idade das aves e teve duração de 15 dias. Nesta fase foram avaliados o consumo diário de ração, o ganho diário de peso, a conversão alimentar, a viabilidade, o tempo em imobilidade tônica, a intensidade de ferimentos, o comportamento, a relação heterófilo/linfócito e concentração plasmática de corticosterona. A fase de postura teve início quando as aves atingiram 43 dias de idade e seu término encerrou-se aos 140 dias de idade das aves; foi constituída de seis ciclos de 14 dias, nos quais foram avaliados o consumo de ração, a conversão alimentar, a produção e qualidade de ovos, a viabilidade, o tempo em imobilidade tônica, a intensidade de ferimentos, o comportamento, a relação herófilo/linfócito, a concentração plasmática de corticosterona e a resposta imunológica. Na fase de recria, o uso de passiflora na dieta de codornas influenciou os parâmetros comportamentais, tornando as aves mais calmas, principalmente na dosagem de 375 mg/kg de ração. Já na fase de postura, foi eficaz na redução do estresse das codornas, e os resultados mais promissores foram observados quando aplicadas as maiores dosagens do fitoterápico. A dosagem de 750 mg/kg de ração, no entanto, diminui a produção de ovos, embora não tenha influência na qualidade dos ovos nem a resposta imunológica das aves.

Vivenciando a inexorabilidade do tempo e as suas mudanças com perdas e possibilidades: a mulher na fase do climatério Vivenciando la inexorabilidad del tiempo y sus cambios con pérdidas y posibilidades: la mujer en la fase del climaterio Living the inexorability of time and its changes with losses and possibilities: the woman in climacterium

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Josefa Vieira de Lima

2001-12-01

Full Text Available Este estudo versa sobre a experiência da mulher na fase do climatério. O Interacionismo Simbólico e a Teoria Fundamentada nos Dados foram as abordagens teóricas e metodológicas que nortearam o estudo tendo em vista os seguintes objetivos: compreender como a experiência do climatério é definida pela mulher; quais os processos psicossociais de interação vividos pela mulher e desenvolver um modelo teórico representativo da vivência da mulher na fase do climatério. As estratégias utilizadas para a obtenção dos dados foram a observação e a entrevista. Tomamos como sujeito da investigação a mulher na faixa etária de 45 a 60 anos, perfazendo um total de 30 mulheres. Através deste estudo foi possível descobrir que a experiência do climatério pode ser constituída por dois fenômenos: REJEITANDO AS MUDANÇAS, no qual o climatério é caracterizado pela mulher como um momento de perda e BUSCANDO SUPERAR AS MUDANÇAS, que representa um momento na construção de novos conceitos, com possibilidades de renovação. A partir desses fenômenos identificamos a categoria central: VIVENCIANDO A INEXORABILIDADE DO TEMPO E SUAS MUDANÇAS COM PERDAS E POSSIBILIDADES, que é fundamental para o modelo teórico representativo da experiência da mulher na fase do climatério.Este estudio trata de la experiencia de la mujer en el período del climaterio. El Interaccionismo Simbólico y la Teoria Fundamentada en los Datos fueron los abordajes teórico y metodológico que nortearon el estudio teniendo en cuenta el alcance de los siguientes objetivos: comprender como la experiencia del climaterio es definida por la mujer; cuales son los procesos psicosociales de interacción vividos por la mujer y desenvolver un modelo teórico representativo dela vivencia de la mujer en la fase del climaterio. Las estrategias utilizadas para la obtención de los datos fueron la observación y la entrevista. Tomé como sujetos de la investigación la mujer en la

Efek Beauveria bassiana pada Anopheles maculatus Fase Aquatik di Laboratorium

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Bina Ikawati

2017-07-01

Full Text Available AbstractBeauveria bassiana can be used both as for controlling agricultural insect and protecting health. Thisstudy aims to examine the effects of aquatic phase of B. bassiana on An. maculatus in the laboratory.Samples were eggs and larvae of An. maculatus reared from Banjarnegara colony. Eggs and instarlarvae II, III and IV and their control which consisted of 10 larvae/eggs were replicated six times andcontacted to B. bassiana spores for 15 minutes and then transferred to aquades to be maintained forobservation, in every 24 hours as long as 192 hours (8 days. Probit analysis found that applicationof B. bassiana caused damage of external coat of eggs and inhibited >60% of unhatched eggs. Lethaldosage was dosage spores of 1,713x107 (16 days, whereas the lethal dose required to make 50% ofunperached eggs is a dose of spore concentration of 1,361x107 (11.6 days. Higher concentrationswill be needed to know the faster effects B bassiana on An. maculatus larvae or eggs.Key words: Beauveria bassiana, Anopheles maculatus, aquatic phase, laboratory AbstrakBeauveria bassiana dapat digunakan baik sebagai pengendali serangga pertanian maupun kesehatan.Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji efek B. bassiana terhadap An. maculatus pada fase akuatik dilaboratorium. Sampel uji berupa telur dan larva An. maculatus dari koloni Banjarnegara. Telur danlarva instar II,III dan IV serta kontrol masing-masing sebanyak 10 ekor/butir dengan replikasi 6 kalidikontakkan dengan spora B. bassiana selama 15 menit dan selanjutnya dipindahkan ke aquadesuntuk dipelihara untuk dilakukan pengamatan, pengamatan dengan mikroskop compound terutamapada larva yang lemah/mati setiap 24 jam selama 192 jam (8 hari. Analisis probit membuktikanbahwa aplikasi B. bassiana pada telur menimbulkan efek kerusakan pada lapisan luar telur diketahuidari pengamatan dengan mikroskop serta mampu menghambat >60% telur tidak menetas. Simulasidengan análisis probit menunjukkan lethal dose yang dibutuhkan

Pengaruh Kandungan Uranium Dalam Umpan Terhadap Efisiensi Pengendapan Uranium

OpenAIRE

Torowati

2010-01-01

PENGARUH KANDUNGAN URANIUM DALAM UMPAN TERHADAP EFISIENSI PENGENDAPAN URANIUM. Setiap aktivitas analisis di Laboratorium Kendali Kualitas, Bidang Bahan Bakar Nuklir selalu dihasilkan limbah radioaktif cair. Limbah radioaktif cair di laboratorium masih mengandung uranium yang cukup besar ± 0,600 g U/l dengan keasamaan yang cukup besar pula. Karena uranium mempunyai nilai ekonomis yang cukup tinggi maka perlu USAha untuk mengambil kembali uranium tersebut. Pada kegiatan ini telah dilak...

Pirolisis Kulit Biji Jambu Mete (Anacardium Occidentale L.) dengan Katalis Ni-Ag/Zeolit

OpenAIRE

Kartika, Eva Noer; Suyati, Linda; Nuryanto, Rahmad

2012-01-01

Telah dilakukan pirolisis kulit biji jambu mete (Anacardium occidentale L.) dengan katalis Ni-Ag/zeolit untuk mendapatkan produk cair hasil pirolisis dan membandingkannya dengan produk cair pirolisis dengan katalis Ni/zeolit.. Pirolisis dilakukan dengan variasi temperatur 200, 250, 300, 350, dan 400°C. Produk yang berupa gas dikondensasikan pada pendingin es-garam kemudian dianalisis dengan GC-MS. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan semakin tinggi temperatur pirolisis semakin banyak massa produk cai...

Resultados del tratamiento con implantes dentales osteointegrados en la fase quirúrgica

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Oviedo Pérez Pérez

Full Text Available Objetivo: evaluar los resultados del tratamiento con implantes dentales osteointegrados en la fase quirúrgica. Métodos: se realizó un estudio longitudinal y prospectivo en 802 pacientes en quienes se colocaron 2 165 implantes, en la Clínica Estomatológica Provincial Docente de Santiago de Cuba y la Facultad de Estomatología de La Habana en el decenio 20002009. Se evaluaron las variables: técnica quirúrgica, longitud y diámetro de los implantes, complicaciones intraoperatorias y complicaciones postoperatorias, los resultados del tratamiento se evaluaron en supervivencia y fracaso. Resultados: se logró la supervivencia de los implantes en 705 pacientes para el 87,9 % y se produjo el fracaso en 97 pacientes para el 12,1 %. Se colocaron 2 165 implantes, se logró efectividad de 2 055 para el 94,9 % y fracasaron 110 que representan el 5,08 %. No existen diferencias significativas de los resultados de acuerdo a la técnica quirúrgica empleada. Los implantes que más fracasaron fueron los de 10 mm, para el 34,9 % y 8 mm con el 13,1 %. La efectividad se incrementa a medida que aumenta el diámetro. En las complicaciones intraoperatorias el fracaso fue mayor en relación con la perforación de la tabla ósea con el 92,9 %, inestabilidad con el 86 % y la dehiscencia ósea con el 57,4 %. En el postoperatorio fue notable que en el 100 % de los casos con dolor existió fracaso de los implantes. Conclusiones: en la etapa quirúrgica existe una fuerte asociación de los resultados con la longitud, diámetro de los implantes y la presencia de complicaciones intraoperatorias y postoperatorias.

El xeroderma pigmentoso en su fase de proliferación cutánea tumoral

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Ernesto Melardo Taño Espinosa

2012-03-01

Full Text Available El xeroderma pigmentoso es una enfermedad dermatológica rara, autosómica recesiva, y su etiología está relacionada con el déficit congénito de una endonucleasa que impide la reparación de ADN de las células de la piel que mutan por la incidencia de los rayos ultravioletas. La enfermedad transcurre por 3 etapas clínicas evolutivas y morfológicas. Si no están totalmente protegidos de la luz solar, los enfermos sufren un envejecimiento acelerado de la piel, y desarrollan inevitablemente lesiones oculares y dérmicas que pueden conducir a múltiples lesiones cancerosas. No existe actualmente ningún tratamiento curativo. El diagnóstico precoz y la protección frente a la radiación ultravioleta son los factores imprescindibles en el tratamiento de los pacientes afectados. Se describe la evolución clínica de una niña de 10 años con xeroderma pigmentoso, la cual presenta una fase muy avanzada de la enfermedad, con importante crecimiento de carcinomas cutáneos. El objetivo de la presente publicación es presentar un caso clínico poco frecuente de xeroderma pigmentoso, y al mismo tiempo, realizar una revisión bibliográfica con el fin de orientar el diagnóstico precoz y el tratamiento oportuno en este tipo de casos.

Reação de fase aguda e sua relação com o desempenho de cavalos em competição de longa distância

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L.A. Amaral

2015-04-01

Full Text Available O exercício físico é um dos estímulos fisiológicos mais estressantes que um animal pode sofrer e, dependendo de sua intensidade, sugere-se que possa gerar uma reação mediada por proteínas de fase aguda (PFA. O objetivo deste estudo foi caracterizar a reação de fase aguda e sua relação com o desempenho de cavalos submetidos a uma competição de longa distância. O experimento foi desenvolvido durante a Marcha de Resistência anual promovida pela Associação Brasileira de Criadores de Cavalos Crioulos (ABCCC, composta por um percurso de 750km percorrido durante 15 dias. Foram avaliados 23 equinos, os quais foram divididos em dois grupos, sendo o grupo 1 composto pelos 10 primeiros colocados na competição e o grupo 2 formado pelos 13 animais que concluíram a competição em colocações inferiores ou foram desclassificados antes de terminar a prova. Efetuaram-se coletas sanguíneas em repouso (dia 0 e no último dia de competição, e foi realizado o teste de eletroforese em gel de poliacrilamida contendo dodecil sulfato de sódio (SDS-PAGE para identificar as proteínas (albumina, haptoglobina, ceruloplasmina, transferrina, imunoglobulina G, imunoglobulina A, glicoproteína ácida e proteína de peso molecular de 23kDa. Os resultados demonstraram que o exercício físico imposto influenciou de forma significativa (P<0,0001 as concentrações séricas de haptoglobina, ceruloplasmina, imunoglobulina A, glicoproteína ácida e proteína de peso molecular de 23kDa. Quando comparados os resultados dos grupos estudados, observou-se que a concentração de haptoglobina após a competição foi superior no grupo de animais com baixo desempenho (grupo 2. Conclui-se que a competição de longa duração é capaz de gerar reação de fase aguda e que o monitoramento da concentração de haptoglobina pode ser um sinalizador de processo inflamatório e baixo desempenho.

PROCESSO DE GERAÇÃO DE BIOGÁS A PARTIR DO REAPROVEITAMENTO DA GLICERINA – FASE PESADA E LIXO ORGÂNICO DOMICILIAR

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Caroline Klinger

2016-06-01

Full Text Available Diante dos problemas ambientais enfrentados atualmente em relação ao destino de resíduos orgânicos e industriais, o presente projeto visa à produção de biogás a partir do reaproveitamento do lixo orgânico domiciliar e da glicerina fase pesada (subproduto originado a partir da produção de biodiesel. Até pouco tempo, o biogás era simplesmente conhecido como um subproduto obtido a partir da decomposição anaeróbia de lixo. No entanto, o acelerado desenvolvimento econômico dos últimos anos e a alta acentuada do preço dos combustíveis convencionais têm encorajado as investigações na produção de energia a partir de novas fontes renováveis e economicamente atrativas. Para tanto, utilizando-se um biodigestor anaeróbio, realizaram-se testes com diferentes quantidades de lixo orgânico e glicerina fase pesada com o intuito de avaliar a condição mais propícia para a produção de biogás. Além disso, tem-se por objetivo propor uma aplicação em escala maior que a até então executada em laboratório utilizando esterco oriundo da criação de suínos, uma vez que os resíduos de origem animal constituem elevada proporção da biomassa, e sua utilização em sistemas de reciclagem é de extrema importância sob aspectos econômicos e ambientais tornando-o uma excelente matéria prima na produção de biogás. Após a análise do biogás gerado, tanto a partir do lixo orgânico quanto do esterco de suínos, verificou-se que os processos utilizados foram satisfatórios.  

Estudio definitivo de la derivación a Lima de las aguas de la cuenca alta del río Mantaro (Primera fase): informe final

OpenAIRE

Ministerio de Vivienda y Construcción; Proyecto Transvase Mantaro; Binnie & Partners

1981-01-01

Contiene la primera fase del estudio final de derivación de agua a Lima desde la cuenca superior del Río Mantaro, abarcando tópicos tales como los costos del control de la contaminación en el Río Mantaro y la medida en que podría utilizarse el agua subterránea en los valles de los Ríos Rímac, Chillón y Lurín. Este estudio tiene como objetivo principal la preparación de un Plan Integral que comprenda un plan de desarrollo que satisfaga la demanda de agua para uso urbano y agrícola en la Gra...

Aktivitas Protease Dari Bacillus circulans Pada Media Pertumbuhan Dengan pH Tidak Terkontrol

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La Ode Sumarlin

2017-03-01

Full Text Available Salah satu enzim yang telah banyak dipelajari adalah enzim protease. Jenis enzim inimerupakan enzim yang penting dari segi ekonomi karena menguasai 59% dari total penjualanenzim di dunia. Aplikasi protese telah meluas, baik pada industri pangan maupun nonpangan.Industri pangan memanfaatkan protease untuk memperbaiki tekstur, mempersingkat waktupencampuran, dan meningkatkan volume adonan pada pembuatan roti, menjernihkan bir,mengempukkan daging, dan menggumpalkan susu. Enzim ini dapat dproduksi oleh mikrobadalam suatu media mengandung Air Rendaman Kedelai (ARK dengan pH tidak terkontrol.Pengukuran aktivitas enzim menggunakan metode Bergmeyer dan Grassl sedangkan kadarprotein ditentukan dengan metode Bradford. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa AktivitasProtease (AP pada media Air Rendaman Kedelai dan media standar dengan pH tidakterkontrol masing-masing sebesar 0,1814 U/ml dan 0,0342 U/ml. Produksi protease pada mediatersebut optimum pada pH 9,28, jam ke-56 pada fase akhir eksponensial dari fase pertumbuhanmikroba.

Caracterización de una pantalla LCoS con polarimetría de Stokes promedio y aplicación a la simulación de elementos de fase

OpenAIRE

Martínez Guardiola, Francisco Javier; Márquez Ruiz, Andrés; Gallego Rico, Sergi; Ortuño Sánchez, Manuel; Francés Monllor, Jorge; Pascual Villalobos, Inmaculada; Beléndez Vázquez, Augusto

2015-01-01

Recientemente demostramos una técnica de caracterización, la polarimetría de Stokes promedio, que permite obtener tanto el retardo en función del voltaje como la amplitud del flicker que presentan muchas pantallas de cristal líquido sobre silicio de alineación paralela (PA-LCoS). En este trabajo mostramos que conociendo ambas magnitudes podemos simular y diseñar elementos ópticos de fase multinivel para ser enviados a la pantalla PALCoS, con una muy buena capacidad predictiva. Financiado p...

Termografia infravermelha da superfície ocular como indicador de estresse em suínos na fase de creche

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Lina Fernanda Pulido-Rodríguez

Full Text Available RESUMO: Desmama é uma fase crítica na vida do suíno devido a separação materna e a introdução de uma dieta seca. A termografia infravermelha medida na região ocular se mostra como um indicador confiável para a condição de estresse pontual de suínos. O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar a relação entre medidas de termografia infravermelha da superfície ocular e de cortisol em situações de estresse em leitões na pós desmama. Foram avaliados 66 leitões, uma vez por semana, durante sete semanas, em dois períodos do dia (7h e 15h com medidas de temperatura superficial ocular, temperatura superficial do dorso e amostras de saliva para determinação de cortisol salivar. A análise estatística contemplou os efeitos fixos de semana e período do dia e sua interação e correlações de Pearson para relação entre termografia ocular, temperatura superficial e cortisol a 5% de significância. Cortisol salivar não diferiu entre os períodos, mas foi superior nas três primeiras semanas após o desmame (P<0,05. Nas duas primeiras semanas após a desmama o cortisol apresentou correlação alta e positiva (P<0,05 com a temperatura ocular máxima (0,89 e a temperatura superficial do dorso (0,80. As duas temperaturas superficiais apresentaram uma associação moderada positiva (r=0,41; P<0,0001 durante todo o período experimental. Este estudo destaca que a temperatura de superfície ocular obtida por meio da termografia infravermelha pode ser um indicador de temperatura de superfície corporal e estado de bem-estar de leitões em fase de creche, além de ser um método não invasivo e de rápida mensuração. Entretanto, mais pesquisas são necessárias para aprofundar a relação entre temperatura ocular e cortisol durante estresse crônico.

33 CFR 334.1280 - Bristol Bay, Alaska; air-to-air weapon range, Alaskan Air Command, U.S. Air Force.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Bristol Bay, Alaska; air-to-air weapon range, Alaskan Air Command, U.S. Air Force. 334.1280 Section 334.1280 Navigation and Navigable... REGULATIONS § 334.1280 Bristol Bay, Alaska; air-to-air weapon range, Alaskan Air Command, U.S. Air Force. (a...

IDENTIFICACIÓN DE UNA NUEVA FASE EN LA ESTRUCTURA CRISTALINA DEL COMPUESTO CUATERNARIO Cu2ZnSnSe4 DURANTE LA ETAPA INCORPORACIÓN DEL ZnSe

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Anderon Dussán Cuenca

Full Text Available En este trabajo se presenta un estudio de las propiedades estructurales de películas delgadas del compuesto Cu2ZnSnSe4 variando tanto la masa (M X como la temperatura del sustrato al cual fue evaporado (Ts el compuesto binario ZnSe. Todas las muestras fueron depositadas por el método de co-evaporación en tres etapas y manteniendo constante los demás parámetros. A partir de las medidas de difracción de Rayos x fue posible establecer con el incremento de la Ts la presencia de fases binarias asociadas al compuesto cuaternario durante el proceso de crecimiento del material. Se encontró que alrededor del pico principal, 2θ = 27,1°, predominan las fases binarias y la presencia del ZnSe que se forma durante la subsecuente etapa de selenización del material. Una especie de bifurcación en el pico principal (2θ = 27,1° fue observado para la transición entre M ZnSe = 0,153 g a 0,171 g. Medidas de difracción de rayos x fueron realizadas al compuesto binarios puro, observándose una correspondencia con los picos encontrados alrededor del pico principal del compuesto. Un estudio a través de espectroscopia Raman evidenció corrimientos raman asociados a los compuestos binarios observados por XRD. A partir de la ecuación de Scherrer se encontró que los tamaños de los cristalitos variaban entre 80 y 90 nm.

Royal Danish Air Force. Air Operations Doctrine

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Nørby, Søren

This brief examines the development of the first Danish Air Force Air Operations Doctrine, which was officially commissioned in October 1997 and remained in effect until 2010. The development of a Danish air power doctrine was heavily influenced by the work of Colonel John Warden (USAF), both...... through his book ”The Air Campaign” and his subsequent planning of the air campaign against Iraq in 1990-1991. Warden’s ideas came to Denmark and the Danish Air Force by way of Danish Air Force students attending the United States Air Force Air University in Alabama, USA. Back in Denmark, graduates from...... the Air University inspired a small number of passionate airmen, who then wrote the Danish Air Operations Doctrine. The process was supported by the Air Force Tactical Command, which found that the work dovetailed perfectly with the transformation process that the Danish Air Force was in the midst...

Avaliação de provas de fase aguda em crianças e adolescentes com artrite idiopática juvenil e sua correlação com atividade da doença Acute phase reactants evaluation in children and adolescents with juvenile idiopathic arthritis and its correlation with disease activity

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Aline Alencar M. F. Nicácio

2009-06-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO:Analisar a relação entre as provas de fase aguda e a atividade clínica da artrite idiopática juvenil e avaliar a concordância entre velocidade de hemossedimentação e proteína C reativa (VHS e PCR na fase aguda da doença. MÉTODOS: Foi realizado estudo retrospectivo tipo coorte a partir da análise de prontuários de 30 crianças e adolescentes que preenchiam os critérios diagnósticos para artrite idiopática juvenil, estavam em atendimento em ambulatório de Reumatologia Pediátrica e haviam realizado as provas de fase aguda (VHS e PCR. RESULTADOS: Dos 30 pacientes, 21 (70% eram do sexo feminino e 19 (63,3% apresentavam o subtipo oligoarticular da doença. A média de idade de início dos sintomas foi 65,6 meses, a idade de diagnóstico de 85,3 e o tempo de evolução, 57,2 meses. As provas de fase aguda mostraram associação positiva com a atividade de doença. A anemia não teve relação com a atividade de doença. A concordância entre as duas provas de fase aguda foi superior a 80%. CONCLUSÕES: As provas de fase aguda mantêm relação positiva com a atividade da doença e o seu uso concomitante aumenta a especificidade.OBJECTIVE:To analyze the relationship between the acute phase reactants and the disease activity of Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA and to evaluate the agreement between erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein during the acute phase of the disease. METHODS: a cohort retrospective study has been conducted based on the analysis of 30 children and adolescents who fulfilled the diagnostic criteria of JIA. All of them were in current follow-up at the pediatric rheumatology outpatient clinic and had acute phase reactants blood tests performed. RESULTS: Studied population comprised 30 patients: 21 (70% of them were females and 19 (63.3% presented oligoarticular subtype. The mean age at disease onset was 65.6 months; the age at diagnosis was 85.3 months and the follow-up had 57.2 months of

Influência da levodopa sobre a fase oral da deglutição em pacientes com Doença de Parkinson Influence of levodopa on the oral phase of swallowing in patients with Parkinson's disease

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Renata Mancopes

2013-01-01

Full Text Available Este estudo objetiva realizar levantamento bibliográfico para verificar a possível influência da Levodopa sobre a fase oral da deglutição de indivíduos com Doença de Parkinson. Foi realizado levantamento bibliográfico em periódicos indexados no Science Direct, periódicos Capes, LILACS, SciELO, MedLine e Scopus e livros. Para busca foram utilizados os termos disfagia, medicamentos, levodopa, Parkinson, dysphagia, drugs, swallowing disorders, Parkinson's disease, disfagia, las drogas e enfermedad de parkinson. Foram identificados 16 artigos internacionais e 25 nacionais, após a leitura de todos os artigos identificados foram selecionados 32, utilizaram-se ainda quatro livros e um resumo de anais de congresso. Para tal seleção utilizou-se como critério de inclusão aqueles artigos que considerassem o comprometimento causado pela Doença de Parkinson, especialmente na fase oral da deglutição, bem como os efeitos da levodopa sobre a mesma, e como critério de exclusão a influência do fármaco na fase faríngea, pois geralmente ele parece ter maior efeito na fase oral. Existe discordância na literatura quanto aos possíveis efeitos da Levodopa na deglutição. Quando estes ocorrem, geralmente afetam a fase oral desta função, uma vez que as dificuldades que o portador da Doença de Parkinson já apresenta são maximizadas pela xerostomia decorrente da administração deste fármaco. Em virtude da grande diversidade dos resultados dos estudos encontrados, faz-se necessária a realização de estudos controlados para uma elucidação mais detalhada dos efeitos da Levodopa na deglutição.The purpose of this study is to conduct a literature review in order to verify the possible influence of Levodopa on the oral phase of deglutition in individuals with Parkinson disease. The survey was conducted in journals indexed in Science Direct, Capes periodicals, LILACS, SciELO, MedLine and Scopus, as well as in books. For this survey, the terms

Fluencia a alta temperatura de policristales con tamaño de grano nanométrico de YTZP dopados con diferentes cantidades de fase vítrea

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Lorenzo-Martín, C.

2004-04-01

Full Text Available Nano-sized YTZP (Yttria Tetragonal Zirconia Polycrystals samples with different amounts of a glassy phase have been crept in a range of temperature between 1150ºC-1200ºC. A macroscopic characterization of the mechanical behaviour as well as the microstructural analysis by Transmission electron Microscopy (TEM of both the as-received and deformed samples have been carried out. The glassy phase accounts for a significant softening while the deformation parameters values (n, Q are not altered with respect to those measured in non-doped specimens of the same material with the same average grain size.Grain boundary sliding has been proved to be the deformation mechanism.

Muestras de YTZP (policristales de óxido de circonio dopados con itria con tamaños de grano nanométrico y diferentes cantidades de fase vítrea han sido sometidas a experiencias de fluencia en un rango de temperatura entre 1150ºC y 1200ºC, con objeto de estudiar el comportamiento mecánico de dichos materiales. Para conocer los mecanismos de deformación puestos en juego se ha realizado el estudio microestructural de las muestras deformadas y no deformadas mediante Microscopía Electrónica de Transmisión (MET. Se ha demostrado que la presencia de fase vítrea da lugar a un significativo descenso de la resistencia a la fluencia. No obstante, los parámetros característicos de la deformación (n y Q no se ven alterados, obteniéndose como mecanismo de deformación el deslizamiento de las fronteras de grano.

Utilização da farinha pré-gelatinizada de milho na alimentação de leitões na fase de creche. Digestibilidade e desempenho

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Moreira Ivan

2001-01-01

Full Text Available Foram realizados dois experimentos, um de digestibilidade (Experimento I e outro de desempenho (Experimento II. No experimento de digestibilidade, foram utilizados 16 leitões mestiços, machos castrados, desmamados aos 2l dias de idade e com 6,0kg de peso vivo inicial médio, alojados em gaiolas de metabolismo, contendo dois animais por unidade experimental. O alimento estudado foi a farinha pré-gelatinizada de milho (FPGM. Os coeficientes de digestibilidade CD da matéria seca, da proteína bruta e da energia bruta foram, respectivamente, de 89,2; 78,7 e 90,2%. Os teores de matéria seca digestível, proteína digestível, energia digestível e absorção de água foram, respectivamente, de 81,8%; 6,5%; 3682 kcal/kg e 500%. No experimento de desempenho, foram utilizados 96 leitões mestiços, sendo metade machos castrados e metade fêmeas, desmamados aos 21 dias de idade, em um delineamento em blocos casualizados, com quatro tratamentos, seis repetições e quatro leitões por unidade experimental, conduzido para verificar os efeitos de níveis crescentes de substituição (0; 33; 66; 100% do milho comum pela FPGM sobre o desempenho de leitões na fase de creche (21-63 dias de idade. Concluiu-se que a FPGM substituiu o milho comum até o nível de 23,7% em rações fareladas, compostas de milho, farelo de soja e núcleo comercial, para leitões na fase de 21 a 63 dias de idade.

Proteinograma sérico, com ênfase em proteínas de fase aguda, de bovinos sadios e bovinos portadores de enfermidade aguda de ocorrência natural

OpenAIRE

Simplício,K.M.M.G.; Sousa,F.C.; Fagliari,J.J.; Silva,P.C.

2013-01-01

Nas últimas décadas, as proteínas de fase aguda (PFAs) tornaram-se biomarcadores de escolha em medicina humana para identificação e monitoração de doenças. Não há razão para imaginar que tais pesquisas clínicas não sejam igualmente úteis na medicina veterinária. Com o objetivo de verificar a importância das PFAs como biomarcadores de doenças inflamatórias em bovinos, determinou-se o proteinograma sérico, por meio da técnica de eletroforese SDS-PAGE, com interesse especial nas PFAs. Foram util...

Estudo imunobiológico de estoques de Trypanosoma cruzi isolados de pacientes na fase aguda da doença de Chagas

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T.L. Kipnis

1983-12-01

Full Text Available Estoques de tripanossomas isolados de pacientes na fase aguda da doença de Chagas foram injetados em grupos de camundongos albinos não isogênicos nas doses de 10³, 10(4 e 10(5 parasitas/camundongos. O curso da infecção foi seguido por três meses. A pctrasitemia foi em geral baixa, com picos recorrentes, na maioria das vezes os animais evoluiam para cronicidade. Somente um estoque induziu alto índice de mortalidade. Os parasitas e as lesões apesar de detectadas no pico da parasitemia e restritos ao coração estavam ausentes aos três meses. Nesta época os perfis de Igs apresentaram diferenças marcantes. Grupos de animais que foram inoculados com estes estoques foram desafiados com doses letais da cepa Y ou CL. Em alguns casos obteve-se uma parasitemia, mas patente.

Uji Klinik Fase II Ramuan Jamu sebagai Pelindung Fungsi Hati

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zuraida - zulkarnain

2017-07-01

Full Text Available AbstractThe human liver is susceptible to interference due to its complex function. The development ofhepatoprotective from jamu formula is still needed as to produce more effective, cheaper andsafer hepatoprotective. The result of previous study showed that the hepatoprotective from jamuformula was safe and efficacious. This phase 2 trial was conducted to evaluate the efficacy andsafety of hepatoprotective from jamu formula which consists of Curcuma longa rhizomes, Curcumaxanthorrhiza rhizomes, and Taraxacum officinale leaves. The design was open label randomizedclinical trial with silimarin as a comparison for 42 days intervention. Two hundreds of humansubjects participated in this study. The trial held in 2015 and involved 50 physician members ofSaintifikasi Jamu Network at several regencies in Indonesia. The parameters for assessing efficacywere SGPT, SGOT and as for safety were routine blood, urea, and creatinine. Clinical symptoms andpossible side effects were also observed. The results showed that the jamu formula can reduce theaverage value of SGPT and SGOT equal to silimarin. Jamu formula can relieve clinical symptomsarising from liver function disruption, and it is safe, it does not alter kidney function, hemoglobin,leukocyte count and platelet count in its use for 42 days.Keywords: hepatoprotective, Saintifikasi Jamu, Curcuma longa, Curcuma AbstrakHati mudah mengalami gangguan disebabkan fungsinya yang kompleks. Saat ini masih diperlukanpengembangan ramuan jamu untuk melindungi dan memperbaiki sel-sel hati (hepatoprotektor yanglebih efektif, murah dan aman. Hasil penelitian observasi klinik terdahulu menunjukkan bahwaformula jamu untuk hepatoprotektor aman dan berkhasiat sehingga dilanjutkan dengan uji klinik fase2. Tujuan uji ini untuk menilai khasiat dan keamanan ramuan jamu sebagai hepatoprotektor dengankomposisi rimpang temulawak, rimpang kunyit, dan daun jombang. Rancangan uji adalah open labelrandomised clinical trial dengan

Respuestas del clima de América del Sur a las fases de ENSO

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1998-01-01

impulsions de El Niño. Les régions du centre du Brésil semblent aussi ne pas dépendre du phénomène. Durant les années classées comme normales, on n’observe pas de dépendance des contrôles climatiques qui agissent au cours des phases extrêmes de l’Oscillation du Sud. Ceci montre que l’on doit approfondir l’étude des autres causes de variation de la circulation tropicale responsables des anomalies de précipitation. Las fases altas de ENSO, El Niño (EN, y las fases bajas, Anti-Niño (AN, se relacionan diferentemente con los regímenes de lluvias en América del Sur. Para establecer el carácter de estas relaciones, se ha analizado la precipitación anual de estaciones típicas, considerando tres subpoblaciones: totales anuales de años EN, totales de años AN, y el resto o años “normales”. Precediendo a veranos australes con fenómenos EN, la precipitación invernal en Chile Central y los Andes de Argentina es abundante. Durante los veranos con episodios EN en el Pacífico tropical, suelen afectar sequías el Noreste de Brasil especialmente en el otoño o verano precedente. De diciembre a marzo de años EN, llueve copiosamente a lo largo de la costa oeste de América del Sur comprendida entre la Bahía de Tumaco y Pacasmayo. En el interior de la Sierra y el Altiplano peruano boliviano tienen lugar sequías. En las tierras bajas de Bolivia, Paraguay, y el sureste de Brasil hay fuertes lluvias anormales durante el verano y otoño austral. En medio del otoño hay precipitaciones intensas en las tierras bajas del Río de la Plata y el sur de Brasil. El segmento norte y la cuenca inferior del Amazonas tienen menos pluviosidad durante EN y niveles mayores durante AN. La cuenca interior del Amazonas reacciona inversamente, ya que tiene pluviosidad excesiva durante algunos EN. Las regiones de Venezuela y Colombia bajo la influencia del Caribe y el Atlántico experimentan anomalías negativas de lluvias durante EN y alta pluviosidad en AN. Algunas regiones de la

Prueba del software: más que una fase en el ciclo de vida/Software testing: more than a stage in the life cycle

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Edgar Serna

2011-12-01

Full Text Available La prueba de software es probablemente la parte menos comprendida del ciclo de vida del desarrollo de software. En este trabajo, mediante una propuesta metodológica de cuatro fases, se muestra por qué es difícil detectar y eliminar errores, por qué es complejo el proceso de realizar pruebas y por qué es necesario prestarle más atención.Software testing probably is the least understood part of the software testing life cycle. In this work, by means of a methodological proposal of four stages, is showed why is complex the process of carrying out the testing software, why is necessary to pay it more attention and why is so difficult to detect and delete the mistakes.

AirPEx. Air Pollution Exposure Model

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Freijer, J.I.; Bloemen, H.J.Th.; De Loos, S.; Marra, M.; Rombout, P.J.A.; Steentjes, G.M.; Van Veen, M.P.

1997-12-01

Analysis of inhalatory exposure to air pollution is an important area of investigation when assessing the risks of air pollution for human health. Inhalatory exposure research focuses on the exposure of humans to air pollutants and the entry of these pollutants into the human respiratory tract. The principal grounds for studying the inhalatory exposure of humans to air pollutants are formed by the need for realistic exposure/dose estimates to evaluate the health effects of these pollutants. The AirPEx (Air Pollution Exposure) model, developed to assess the time- and space-dependence of inhalatory exposure of humans to air pollution, has been implemented for use as a Windows 3.1 computer program. The program is suited to estimating various exposure and dose quantities for individuals, as well as for populations and subpopulations. This report describes the fundamentals of the AirPEx model and provides a user manual for the computer program. Several examples included in the report illustrate the possibilities of the AirPEx model in exposure assessment. The model will be used at the National Institute of Public Health and the Environment as a tool in analysing the current exposure of the Dutch population to air pollutants. 57 refs.

Níveis de fósforo disponível e cálcio em rações suplementadas com fitase para frangos de corte nas fases de crescimento e final Calcium and available phosphorus levels in diets supplemented with phytase for broilers in the growing and finishing phases

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Luziane Moreira dos Santos

2011-11-01

Full Text Available Avaliaram-se os níveis de cálcio e fósforo disponível (Pdisp em rações com fitase para frangos de corte da linhagem Cobb nas fases de crescimento (22 a 35 dias e final (36 a 42 dias. Utilizou-se um esquema fatorial 3 × 4 + 1, composto de três níveis de Pdisp (0,36; 0,31; 0,26% na fase de crescimento e 0,33; 0,28; 0,23% na final, quatro níveis de cálcio (0,82; 0,72; 0,62; 0,52% para a fase de crescimento e 0,76; 0,66; 0,56; 0,46% para a final e um nível de suplementação da fitase (500 ftu/kg. As rações controle não foram suplementadas com fitase e continham, respectivamente, os seguintes níveis de Pdisp e cálcio: 0,41 e 0,82% (fase de crescimento e 0,38 e 0,76% (final. Nos ensaios de desempenho, aos 35 e 42 dias de idade, avaliaram-se o consumo de ração, o ganho de peso, a conversão alimentar e o teor de cinzas na tíbia. Nos ensaios de metabolismo, foram determinados os valores energéticos das rações (EMAn e os coeficientes de metabolizabilidade da matéria seca (CMMS. Na fase de crescimento, a redução do cálcio e Pdisp para 0,52 e 0,26%, respectivamente, não comprometeu o desempenho, a mineralização óssea, a EMAn e o CMMS. Na fase final, a redução do cálcio e fósforo disponível para 0,56 e 0,28%, respectivamente, não comprometeu o desempenho, a EMAn e o CMMS e melhorou a mineralização óssea. Os níveis de cálcio e fósforo disponível em rações para frangos de corte podem ser reduzidos para 0,52 e 0,26% na fase de crescimento e 0,56 e 0,28% na fase final desde que essa redução seja combinada com a suplementação de fitase no nível de 500 ftu/kg de ração.Calcium and available phosphorus (aP levels in diets with phytase for Cobb broilers in the growing (22 to 35 days and finishing phases (36 to 42 days of age were evaluated. A 3 × 4 + 1 factorial scheme, with three aP levels (0.36, 0.31, 0.26% in the growing phase and 0.33, 0.28, 0.23% in the finishing phase, four calcium levels (0.82, 0.72, 0

Air movement and perceived air quality

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Melikov, Arsen Krikor; Kaczmarczyk, J.

2012-01-01

The impact of air movement on perceived air quality (PAQ) and sick building syndrome (SBS) symptoms was studied. In total, 124 human subjects participated in four series of experiments performed in climate chambers at different combinations of room air temperature (20, 23, 26 and 28 °C), relative...... and the humidity of the room air. At a low humidity level of 30% an increased velocity could compensate for the decrease in perceived air quality due to an elevated temperature ranging from 20 °C to 26 °C. In a room with 26 °C, increased air movement was also able to compensate for an increase in humidity from 30...... humidity (30, 40 and 70%) and pollution level (low and high). Most of the experiments were performed with and without facially applied airflow at elevated velocity. The importance of the use of recirculated room air and clean, cool and dry outdoor air was studied. The exposures ranged from 60. min to 235...

PENGEMBANGAN TANAMAN TALAS BENTUL KOMODITAS UNGGULAN PADA LAHAN RAKYAT DI KECAMATAN PEGANTENAN KABUPATEN PAMEKASAN

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Zainol Arifin

2015-12-01

antara lain tidak tahan terhadap penyakit, tidak tahan terhadap kekeringan dan tidak tahan terhadap genangan air.Periode kritis terhadap air didefinisikan sebagai periode tanaman membutuhan air dalam jumlah yang cukup. Periode ini berbeda antara tanaman, akan tetapi umumnya hal tersebut terjadi pada masa awal pertumbuhan, fase perkembangan bunga dan fase pengisian umbi. Gangguan pada fase krisis air tersebut akan berpengaruh nyata pada produktivitas tanaman. Mempertimbangkan hal tersebut, terutama pada daerah yang ketersediaan air tidak mencukupi perlu dilakukan upaya konservasi air seperti pemberian mulsa untuk mengurangi evaporasi tanah disertai dengan upaya pemanenan air seperti embung dan daerah resapan.Berdasarkan hasil survey di tiga kecamatan yaitu Kecamatan Pegantenan, Kecamatan Palengaan dan Kecamatan Proppo menunjukkan 100% mereka terkendala dalam menyediaan air untuk budidaya tanaman talas, di daerah penelitian termasuk lahan kering yang hanya mengandalkan tadah hujan. Masyarakat di daerah penelitian untuk manajemen pemberian air bagi tanaman talas mereka melakukan pengaturan tanam agar tanaman talas mereka dapat tumbuh dan menghasilkan yang maksimal, penanaman tanaman talas dilakukan pada akhir musim kemarau, disamping itu masyarakat melakukan efesiensi atau mengurangi proses evaporasi tanah dengan cara pemberian seresah daun di sekitar tanaman talas pada waktu fase awal pertumbuhan. Pada fase generative masyarakat tidak perlu lagi dalam penyediaan air bagi tanaman talas karena pada fase generative bertepatan pada musim hujan. Ketersediaan air bagi tanaman talas akan mempengaruhi kelangsungan budidaya talas secara berkelanjutan.Pemberian pupuk baik unsur hara makro maupun mikro didasarkan pada pertimbangan bahwa high yielding variety umumnya sangatresponsive terhadap pemupukan. Selain itu, pemanenan yang berulang-ulang akan menguras unsur-unsur hara yang berada dalam tanah terbawa oleh hasil panen.Manajemen pemupukan yang dilakukan masyarakat di daerah

EVALUACIÓN DE TRES NIVELES DE NITRÓGENO EN MEDIO DE CULTIVO, EN LAS FASES DE ENRAIZAMIENTO in vitro Y ADAPTACIÓN A SUSTRATO DE Rubus glaucus (BENTH)

OpenAIRE

Vaca, Ivonne; Landazuri, Pablo

2013-01-01

El presente trabajo fue desarrollado en el Cantón Rumiñahui, provincia de Pichincha, Ecuador. El objetivo fue evaluar tres concentraciones nitrógeno de las sales Murashige y Skooog (MS) en el medio de cultivo, en las fases de enraizamiento in vitro y adaptación a sustrato de Rubus glaucus. La dosis de 4,88mMde nitrógeno en elmedio presentó el mayor número de raíces con un promedio de 3,72 raíces por planta, mayor longitud de raíz con 1,8cm de largo, mayor porcentaje de enraizamiento ...

Aspectos éticos de la fase terminal Ethical aspects of terminal phase care

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Oscar Velásquez

1993-02-01

Full Text Available

Partiendo de una definición de la ética en general, de la ética médica y de la bioética, el autor discute estos conceptos en cuanto se relacionan con la atención del paciente en fase terminal, así como los temas de la muerte, el sufrimiento y los sentimientos que despierta el saberse moribundo. Hace énfasis en las relaciones médico-paciente y médico-familla y en los valores éticos de la igualdad y la reciprocidad. Plantea cómo a menudo el médico carece de una actitud correcta frente al paciente terminal y propone guías para el trabajo médico en tales circunstancias. Destaca la necesidad de respetar en todo momento la autonomía y la dignidad del enfermo y de saber usar con sabiduría los recursos tecnológicos disponibles.

The author starts with definitions of ethics, medical ethics and bioethics and discusses their relationship with terminal patient care; also discussed are the subjects of death, suffering and the feelings that appear with the selfawareness of being near-death. Emphasis Is given on both patient-physician and family-physician relationships and on the values of equality and reciprocity. Guidelines are proposed for the approach and medical care of terminal patients and their families; they deal mainly with the need to respect autonomy and dignity and with the wise use of technological advances presently available.

Ser Irmão de uma Pessoa Surda: Relatos da Infância à Fase Adulta

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Juliana Archiza YAMASHIRO

Full Text Available RESUMO: o objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar a experiência de irmãos de pessoas surdas acerca de sua história de vida e das implicações da deficiência nos relacionamentos fraternos. Tratou-se de um estudo exploratório, de abordagem qualitativa, que contou com a participação de cinco irmãos de pessoas surdas com idade entre 31 a 44 anos. Para a coleta de dados foram utilizados os seguintes instrumentos: questionário de identificação e roteiro de entrevista em profundidade. Os dados obtidos foram analisados a partir do modelo de produções de sentido das práticas discursivas. Os principais resultados apontaram que a dificuldade de comunicação entre os participantes e seus irmãos surdos repercutiu em questões nos relacionamentos desde a infância até a fase adulta. Considera-se que as questões inerentes à deficiência trouxeram consequências a todos os membros da família, em especial nos quesitos relacionamentos e comunicação e que disponibilizar atenção especializada aos pais e irmãos destas pessoas auxiliaria no manejo das situações vinculadas à deficiência e fortalecimento dos vínculos familiares.

PEMANFAATAN GULMA AIR PERUPUK (Phragmites karka Trin SEBAGAI TUMBUHAN PEREDUKSI LIMBAH CAIR INDUSTRI KARET

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Deddy Dharmaji

2016-09-01

Full Text Available This research was aimed analyze the ability of perupuk (Phragmites karka Trin in reducing of rubber industrial liquid waste polluters on the scale of the laboratory. The method used was the method of survey. The data laboratory test were tabulated and analyzed descriptively and the level of efficiency was calculated. Referring to South Kalimantan Governor Regulation Number 36/2008, the results showed that, TSS parameters started to be effectively reduced on day 10 with close to 84,33 mg/l (32.53%, BOD5 started to be effectively reduced on day 20 with close to 24.00 mg/l (99,29%, and COD started to be effectively reduced on day 20 with close to 44,65 mg/l (98,90%. Referring to the decision of the Minister of Environment No. KEP-78/MENLH/10/1995, the parameters of the Sulfide started to be effectively reduced on day 10 with close to 0.001 mg/l (93,75% and Manganese start to be effectively reduced on day 20 with close to 0,70 mg/l (-134,00 %. Ph levels and temperature still normal condition.  Time retention was best accomplished on day 30 in reducing liquid waste rubber industry.

Kajian Kualitas Air Sungai Condong yang terkena Buangan Limbah Cair Industri Batik Trusmi Cirebon

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Pipin Supenah

2015-05-01

Full Text Available The aims of this study were to assess the water quality of the River Condong and Condong River Quality Statebased on physical, chemical and biological parameters. Sampling was carried out in seven stations with 3 repetitions at intervals of one month. Water quality were analyzed descriptively by reference raw Water Quality Standard.  Determination of the stateof water quality using methods Storet. Results of laboratory tests showed that the water quality of the River Condong exceed the Water Quality Standard Group II based on Government Regulation No. 82 of 2001 and in particular textile waste quality standard TSS, DO, BOD5, COD, NH3, sulfide, Cr (VI, phenols, oils and fats, Biological parameters using makrobentos diversity index (H ' obtained a low value that is from 0 to 1.7077.  Quality state based Storet method, the value of  > -31. It can be concluded that the condition of physical, chemical and biological parameters, Condong River water showed waters not appropriate the Quality Standard for agricultural irrigation, freshwater fish breeding and infrastructure or water recreation facilities before and after the discharge of liquid waste of batik. Condong River quality state before and after the liquid waste of batik is heavily polluted.

Kajian Kualitas Air Sungai Bedog Akibat Pembuangan Limbah Cair Sentra Industri Batik Desa Wijirejo

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Widayati Indarsih

2016-10-01

ABSTRACT Bedog River that flows along Wijirejo Village, Pandak, in Bantul has been indicated to be polluted by varieties of liquid waste including batik industry. The objectives of this research are : to determine the quality of batik liquid waste; the quality of Bedog River water from physical aspects (temperature, TDS, TSS; chemical aspects (pH, COD, BOD, Cu, Cr+6; and biological aspect (plankton; to measure participation of stakeholder and also to develop a management strategy to manage batik liquid waste so that it does not pollute the environment.This research use survey method, data collected by purposive sampling. Water sample is directly taken from batik liquid waste and from the Bedog River with six observation station : S1 is the location before the waste disposal point, located around Pedak Bridge; S2 (+ 350 m next to S1,  S3 (+ 750 m next to S2, located at Pijenan Bridge, S4 (+ 400 m next to S3 and S5 (+ 250 m next to S4 is location that has been polluted by batik liquid waste, and S6 (+ 400 m next to S5 is an area that is no longer able to contain more additonal batik waste. Chemical, physical and biological data is carried on in direct measurement in the field and at laboratory. Participation data of stakeholder data is carried on interview method using questionare . Result analysis used in this research is qualitative descriptive.The result of this research shows that the quality of batik liquid waste has surpassed from the quality standard. The water quality at location S4 has been polluted shown by the COD point 28 mg/L (quality standard 25 mg/L and BOD point 4,8 mg/L (quality standard 3 mg/L. S4 is the location of which has highest density of batik industry. Both organic and inorganic materials inside batik liquid waste have increased COD and BOD of Bedog River. According to the plankton diversity index, the water of Bedog River has been polluted at S2, S3, S4 and S5 locations. S1 and S6 locations are not classified into the polluted area. Batik liquid waste gives accumulatively effects to chemical and physical river ecosystem character, thus it decreases plankton diversity index which live in it. The grade of local government stakeholder participation generally (57,14% at middle category. The environment management strategy can be done by : improving participation of batik crafter both  individually (by applying clean production and minimalizing waste and collectively (by building IPAL in cluster; improving participation of stakeholder; and choosing properly  technology of waste water treatment (IPAL.

PERIODICIDAD DIURNA DE TRES ESPECIES ENDEMICAS DE MILIPEDOS (ARTHROSPHAERA EN LOS GHATS OCCIDENTALES, INDIA

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B.S. Kadamannaya

2009-02-01

Full Text Available   Se evaluó la periodicidad diurna y conducta de tres species endémicas de milipedos pertenecientes al género Arthrosphaera (Sphaerotheriidae (Arthrosphaera dalyi, A. davisoni y A. fumosa en dos plantaciones mixtas (Kadaba y Basrikallu y en un bosque semi-perene (Madikeri durante la estación de monzon. El incremento de las temperaturas del aire (27.44 °C y suelo (26.13 °C indujeron un fase de descanso en A. dalyi en Kadaba. La fase de descanso no fue influenciada por la temperatura en A. davisoni (Basrikallu: aire, 20.5 °C, suelo 19.81 °C y en A. fumosa (Madikeri: aire, 19.69 °C, suelo 19.13 °C debido a las relativamente bajas temperaturas en su habitat. En el patron de conducta diurna, la mayoría de las actividades de Arthrosphaera estan confinadas al crepusculo o noche. Los patrones de conducta diurna de estas tres especies son predichas por diferencias entre localidades geográficas y habitat.

Evaluación higiénica previa de acrilamida en aire durante la preparación de gel de poliacrilamida (PAA en un laboratorio de genética

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Antonio Blein Sánchez de León

2007-06-01

Full Text Available Objetivos: Conocer el nivel aproximado de concentración en aire de Acrilamida, cancerígeno y mutagénico tipo 2, durante la preparación del gel de Poliacrilamida en el Laboratorio, para verificar si la situación higiénica es tolerable, o si no lo es, para tomar medidas preventivas inmediatamente, antes de llevar a cabo una evaluación detallada con arreglo a UNE-EN 689, con un coste notablemente mayor. Metodología: Una vez seleccionadas las etapas de preparación del gel donde hay emisión de Acrilamida, el método higiénico seguido ha sido el PV2004, de NIOSH, para la toma de muestra y el análisis. Resultados: La concentración de Acrilamida detectada en la fase de pesada es de 723% del Valor Limite de Exposición Profesional para exposición diaria y del 145% del Valor Limite de Exposición Profesional para Corta Exposición. En la fase de agitación no se detecto Acrilamida en la muestra. Conclusiones: Es necesario tomar medidas preventivas inmediatamente. Se proponen varias medidas. Una vez aplicadas, se recomienda realizar la evaluación higiénica según UNE-EN 689.Aims: To know the approximate level of Acrylamide, carcinogenic type 2, in air, during the preparation of Polyacrylamide-Gel in the laboratory, in order to determine if the occupational hygiene situation is acceptable or not, in order to, if not, to implement immediately preventive measurements, before carring out an hygienical assessment following the UNE-EN 689 standard, with much higher costs. Methods: After the selection of the gel-preparation stages, where evaporation of Acrylamide takes place, the followed method was PV2004, from NIOSH, for the sample collection and for the analyse. Results: The detected level of Acrylamide in the weighting stage is 723 % of the TLV-TWAand 145% of the TLV-C. In the stirring stage there was found no Acrylamide. Conclusions: It is necessary to implement immediately preventive measurements. Some of them are proposed. Once implemented

A mixed air/air and air/water heat pump system ensures the air-conditioning of a cinema; Un systeme mixte PAC air/air et air/eau climatise un cinema

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Anon.

2001-03-01

This article presents the air conditioning system of a new cinema complex of Boulogne (92, France) which comprises a double-flux air processing plant and two heat pumps. Each heat pump has two independent refrigerating loops: one with a air condenser and the other with a water condenser. This system allows to limit the power of the loop and to reduce the size of the cooling tower and of the vertical ducts. This article describes the technical characteristics of the installation: thermodynamic units, smoke clearing, temperature control, air renewing. (J.S.)

Estrutura da comunidade das larvas de Chironomidae (Insecta: Diptera, em diferentes substratos artificiais e fases hídricas, no trecho superior do rio Paraná, Estado do Paraná, Brasil = Community structure of Chironomidae larvae (Insecta: Diptera, in different artificial substrates and during distinct hydrological phases, in the upper stretch of the Paraná river, Paraná State, Brazil

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Adriana Felix dos Anjos

2010-04-01

Full Text Available Este estudo teve como objetivo verificar a influência das fases hídricas sobre a composição, a densidade e a dominância das larvas de Chironomidae em diferentes tipos de substratos artificiais. As coletas foram realizadas quinzenalmente, entre os meses de agosto de2004 e dezembro de 2005. A análise de agrupamento revelou diferenças na composição e densidade das morfoespécies entre as fases hídricas e, de acordo com o índice de dominância de Kownacki, Cricotopus sp. foi dominante ou subdominante em todos os substratos e fases hídricas.Na fase de águas baixas, a maior similaridade foi observada entre os substratos de mesma forma. Nesse período, os maiores valores de riqueza e densidade das larvas foram registrados nos substratos em forma de X. Na fase de águas altas, o aumento no nível do rio Paraná influenciou na redução da densidade média das larvas e somente nos substratos de madeira em forma de X e PVC em forma de tubo, cujos materiais favoreceram a melhor fixação das larvas, foramregistrados maiores valores de densidade.This study investigated the influence of hydrological phases on species composition, density and dominance of Chironomidae larvae indifferent types of artificial substrates. Samplings were undertaken fortnightly, between August 2004 and December 2005. Cluster analysis evidenced differences in the species composition and density of Chironomidae morphospecies among hydrological phases; according to the Kownacki dominance index, Cricotopus sp. was dominant or subdominant in all substrates and hydrological phases. During the low water phase, the greatest similarity was observed among the substrateswith the same shape. In this period, the highest values of species richness and density of larvae were registered in X-shaped substrates. During the high water phase, the rise in the level of the Paraná River influenced on the reduction of mean larvae density, and only in wooden X-shaped and tube-shaped PVC

PEMANFAATAN KARBON AKTIF ARANG BATUBARA (KAAB UNTUK MENURUNKAN KADAR ION LOGAM BERAT Cu2+ DAN Ag+ PADA LIMBAH CAIR INDUSTRI

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Kusmiyati Kusmiyati

2012-05-01

0.994 for Cu2+ metals ion and 0.984 for the Ag+ metals ion at acidic solution, whereas 0.986 for Cu2+ metals ion and 9.69 for the Ag+ metals ion at neutral pH. Kinetic model of second order rate describe the adsorption process well at acidic and neutral conditions. At the optimum conditions, the correlation coefficient (R2 of 0.998 for Cu2+ and 0.999 for the Ag+ at acidic solution, whereas 0.993 for Cu2+ and 9.998 for the Ag+ at neutral pH were obtained.  Limbah cair industri bisa mengandung ion logam berat seperti Cu2+ dan Ag+ yang berbahaya bagi lingkungan jika dibuang tanpa melalui pengolahan dahulu. Metode yang digunakan untuk mengurangi ion logam berat dalam limbah cair sudah banyak dilakukan, salah satu diantaranya adalah adsorpsi, yaitu memisahkan komponen tertentu dari fluida ke permukaan zat padat. Adsorpsi merupakan metode yang mudah, akan tetapi kebanyakan adsorben yang digunakan harganya mahal, sehingga perlu adanya alternatif adsorben yang murah. Penelitian ini memanfaatkan karbon aktif arang batubara (KAAB sebagai adsorbennya. Arang batubara merupakan limbah hasil pembakaran batubara pada industri, yang berpotensi untuk dikembangkan menjadi adsorben, sehingga dapat mengurangi pencemaran lingkungan. Pengaktifan arang batubara dilakukan dengan merendamnya dalam peroxide kemudian dilakukan pemanasan pada suhu 500°C. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh parameter proses (konsentrasi, pH dan waktu proses terhadap persentase ion logam berat teradsorpsi dalam KAAB, mempelajari persamaan kesetimbangan adsorpsi dengan menggunakan model isoterm adsorpsi Langmuir dan Freundlich, dan menghitung konstanta kinetika adsorpsi dengan pendekatan model kinetika pseudo-first-order dan pseudo-second-order. Pelaksanaan penelitian dengan batch, yaitu mengkontakkan 10 gram KAAB dengan 400 ml limbah sintetis. Pengujian kadar ion logam berat menggunakan AAS (Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa KAAB dapat digunakan untuk

El final del Mesolítico y los inicios del neolítico en la Península Ibérica : cronología y fases

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Alday Ruiz, Alfonso

2009-01-01

Full Text Available El análisis racional de la serie radiocronológica C14 correspondiente al Neolítico y su inmediato Mesolítico geométrico permite establecer una secuencia cronocultural bien definida. Desde esta base se defiende unos inicios prematuros del Neolítico peninsular, en el segundo cuarto del VI milenio cal BC plenamente coincidente con el final del Mesolítico. Desde ese punto y hasta el fin del milenio delimitamos tres fases para el Neolítico antiguo: la de arranque con posibilidad de "movimientos pioneros", la intermedia de formación de los dominios cerámicos, y la final de diversificación.

Características de carcaça de bovinos zebu e cruzados holandês-zebu (F1) nas fases de recria e terminação

OpenAIRE

Alves,Dorismar David; Paulino,Mário Fonseca; Backes,Alfredo Acosta; Valadares Filho,Sebastião de Campos; Rennó,Luciana Navajas

2004-01-01

Foram avaliadas as características de carcaça de bovinos Indubrasil e cruzados F1 Holandês-Gir e F1 Holandês-Guzerá, nas fases de recria e terminação. Foram determinados os rendimentos de carcaça e porcentagens dos cortes básicos, comprimento de carcaça, espessura de gordura subcutânea, área de olho de lombo, proporções de músculo, gordura e ossos. Os grupos genéticos não influenciaram os rendimentos de carcaça quente, em relação ao peso vivo e ao peso corporal vazio, e dos cortes básicos, di...

Agricultural production - Phase 2. Indonesia. Controlled release pesticide formulations

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Vollner, L.

1991-01-01

At the request of the Government of Indonesia, an IAEA expert undertook a two weeks (of one month) mission from 2 to 15 April 1991 to the Center for Application of Isotopes and Radiation (CAIR) of BATAN in Jakarta. Expert held a seminar, discussed and carried out experiments on Controlled Release Formulations (CRF). Discussed further experiments, cleaned and reinstalled an ECD of the Shimadzu gas chromatograph and optimized the analytical conditions for chlorinated pesticides. He also developed a project for possible submission to the Government of Germany, to allow the staff of CAIR to undertake a more intensive research and to be able to set up training facilities in his research center in Munich/Germany. He furthermore assessed needs for supply of instruments, accessories and radiolabelled pesticides. An agreement for continuing the scientific and technical mission was obtained with the staff of CAIR, in connection with the DDT-RCM at the end of November 1991, provided approval by IAEA

Ação do prebiótico sobre as proteínas de fase aguda de pacientes com neoplasia hematológica Action of prebiotics on proteins in the acute phase of hematologic neoplasia

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Telma Búrigo

2007-06-01

Full Text Available Os pacientes com neoplasias hematológicas são submetidos a tratamento quimioterápico que induz uma intensa alteração na integridade da mucosa intestinal, favorecendo um aumento da sua morbi-mortalidade. O presente trabalho foi desenvolvido na Unidade de Transplante de Medula Óssea do Centro de Pesquisas Oncológicas em Florianópolis - SC e teve como objetivo estudar a ação do prebiótico na resposta de proteína da fase aguda de pacientes com neoplasias hematológicas submetidos à quimioterapia. Foi realizado um estudo clínico randomizado duplo cego envolvendo 25 pacientes divididos em dois grupos que receberam por 15 dias: 12g de FOS (n=14 ou placebo (maltodextrina (n=11. Todas as variáveis foram determinadas antes e após a suplementação. Foram avaliados os níveis séricos das proteínas de fase aguda negativas (albumina e pré-albumina e a proteína de fase aguda positiva, proteína C reativa (PCR. Verificaram-se a presença de diarréia e de constipação, bem como a quantidade de bifidobactérias e valores de pH fecal. A redução dos níveis séricos de proteínas de fase aguda negativas (albumina e pré-albumina comprovam o intenso catabolismo protéico, priorizando a síntese de proteína de fase aguda positiva (PCR. O grupo suplementado apresentou um aumento significante na quantidade de bifidobactérias e o pH fecal não foi alterado em ambos os grupos. Os níveis séricos de PCR foram estatisticamente superiores no grupo controle, indicando a ocorrência de processos inflamatórios e maior demanda metabólica, sugerindo que a quantidade de bifidobactérias pode ter favorecido a redução deste quadro no grupo suplementado, confirmado pela correlação negativa entre estas variáveis.Patients with hematologic neoplasias are submitted to chemotherapeutic treatment that induces intense alterations in the integrity of the intestinal mucous membrane, favoring an increase in the morbimortality rate. The current work was

Kajian Analitik Perencanaan Pintu Air Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Air

OpenAIRE

Pradoto, Pradoto

1993-01-01

Pada pintu air pembangkit listrik tenaga air umumnya dipasang pengauat-penguat (girder). Tujuannya agar pintu air kuat dalam menahan tekanan air. Tekanan air yang diderita oleh pintu air cukup besar karena dipasang pada kedalaman + 50 meter di bawah permukaan air. Permasalahan yang timbul adalah menentukan posisi atau letak girder pada pintu air.

Turnover de carbono nos tecidos de frangos de corte em diferentes fases de crescimento

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Carlos Ducatti

2014-01-01

Full Text Available Este trabalho objetivou determinar o turnover do carbono no Pectoralis major, quilha, tíbia e fígado de frangos de corte em seus diferentes períodos de crescimento, utilizando a técnica dos isótopos estáveis. Foram utilizados 216 pintos de corte, machos, Cobb. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado e consistiu de sete tratamentos com dias de substituição das dietas distintos: 0; 7; 14; 21; 28; 35; 42 dias de idade. Para mensurar o turnover do carbono nos tecidos em determinado intervalo de tempo, foi utilizado o modelo sigmoidal de regressão de Boltzmann ou função exponencial do tempo. Os valores de meias-vidas foram: 2,5; 2,8; 2,9; 4,9; 5,1; 5,5 e 6,0 dias para músculo peitoral; 2,7; 2,9; 3,1; 4,6; 5,3; 4,1 e 8,0 dias para quilha; 4,4; 3,6; 5,4; 5,8; 4,3; 5,2 e 6,3 dias para tíbia e 1,3; 1,9; 1,4; 1,5; 1,9; 1,7 e 2,1 dias para fígado, nos tratamentos T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6 e T7, respectivamente. Pode-se concluir que a tíbia possui metabolismo lento e pode indicar o sinal isotópico das dietas iniciais da criação dos frangos de corte; e o fígado, metabolismo rápido, indicado para refletir a dieta próxima da fase de avaliação.

Estabilidade de fases em blendas de policarbonato-poliestireno avaliada por micro-FTIR, análise térmica e microscopia eletrônica de varredura Phase stability of polycarbonate-polystyrene blends evaluated by micro-FTIR, thermal analyses and scanning electron microscopy

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Rodrigo L. Oréfice

2004-06-01

Full Text Available Nos últimos anos tem-se verificado uma acentuada desaceleração no desenvolvimento de novos homopolímeros, e nota-se um crescente interesse no estudo e desenvolvimento de processos que misturam os polímeros já existentes, dando origem às blendas poliméricas. Neste trabalho, blendas de poliestireno e policarbonato foram preparadas por extrusão em diferentes proporções. O processo de separação de fases foi estudado através da combinação de ferramentas analíticas como microscopias de infravermelho (micro-FTIR, óptica, eletrônica de varredura, e análise térmica. Resultados obtidos a partir das microscopias eletrônica e óptica permitiram definir as correlações entre morfologia e grau de estabilidade das fases do sistema. A composição e proporção relativas das fases das blendas foram determinadas usando microscopia de infravermelho. Tais resultados foram utilizados no cálculo do parâmetro de interação polímero-polímero de Flory-Huggins.In the last decade, a progressive reduction on the development of new homopolymers could be observed, while processes, such as blending, that combine commercially available polymers were emphasized. In this work, polycarbonate-polystyrene blends were extruded in compositions from 0% to 100% of polycarbonate in weight. The phase separation process was studied by combining a series of analytical techniques such as scanning electron, optical and infrared microscopy (micro-FTIR. Electron and optical microscopy allowed the determination of a correlation between phase morphology and the degree of phase stability of the system. The composition of the phases and information on phase stability were determined by using micro-FTIR. The Flory-Huggins interaction parameter could also be calculated from the micro-FTIR data.

PENGGUNAAN BIOCATALYS ELECTROLYSIS DALAM PENURUNAN KONSENTRASI TOTAL SUSPENDED SOLID (TSS DAN CHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND (COD LIMBAH DOMESTIK

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Wiharyanto Oktiawan

2016-09-01

Full Text Available Secara umum air limbah kegiatan rumah tangga (domestik dibuang langsung menuju badan air seperti sungai dan danau. Pengolahan limbah cair secara biologis (aerob sering menghasilkan lumpur dalam jumlah besar. Jumlah lumpur dapat dikurangi dengan pengolahan anaerob. Sistem bioelektrokimia merupakan salah satu terobosan teknologi yang memungkinkan untuk mengolah limbah sekaligus menghasilkan energi berupa gas metana. Penggunaan biocatalys electrolysis dapat mengatasi kelemahan proses anaerob secara konvensional dalam penurunan konsentrasi TSS dan COD limbah domestik salah satunya mampu menghasilkan gas H2 dari proses elektrolisis. Penambahan daya ekternal sebesar 6 volt mampu menyisihkan TSS sampai kadar 82 mg/l dari kadar semula 157 mg/l. Tegangan 12 volt mampu menurunkan kadar COD sampai 47,46 mg/l dari kadar awal 223 mg/l. Penyisihan TSS paling rendah pada waktu elektrolisis 15 menit dengan kadar 87 mg/l. Penambahan waktu elektrolisis sebanding dengan penurunan konsentrasi COD limbah domestik. Pada penelitian ini kualitas maupun kuantitas gas metana tidak diketahui secara jelas. Selain gas metan, produk fermentasi juga belum diketahui.

Surface modification of titanium aluminides with fluorine to improve their application for high temperature service conditions

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zschau, Hans-Eberhard; Schuetze, Michael; Baumann, Horst; Bethge, Klaus

2007-01-01

Recently the target temperature of components manufactured from gamma-TiAl alloys like turbine blades, turbocharger rotors or automotive valves has been increased to 900 deg. C. However, there is an insufficient oxidation resistance above 750 deg. C. One method used to improve the gamma-TiAl oxidation behaviour is the so-called fluorine microalloying effect. After application of fluorine to the TiAl surface by ion implantation or treatment with diluted HF and oxidation at 900 deg. C in air a dense alumina layer is formed. However, after the treatments a distinct loss of fluorine was observed during heating and within the first hours of oxidation. In this work the long time behaviour during isothermal and cyclic oxidation up to 1500 h/900 deg. C/air was investigated showing a slow fluorine decrease. The alumina layer acts as a diffusion barrier for fluorine, whereas fluorine diffuses into the metal. The diffusion coefficient was calculated. The results fit the theoretical model of the fluorine effect

Estimation of air quality by air pollution indices

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Liblik, Valdo; Kundel, Helmut

1999-01-01

A novel system for estimating the quality of atmospheric air in the over-ground air layer with the help of air pollution indices was developed. The method is based on a comparison of measured or calculated maximum short-term concentrations and average annual concentrations of pollutants with maximum permissible concentrations (with regard to human beings and vegetation). Special air quality estimation scales for residential areas and natural systems are presented. On the basis of the concentration of the substance under study zones of very high, high, rather high, moderate, low and very low air pollution were distinguished in the over-ground layer of the atmosphere. These are projected to land surface for landscape zonation. The application of the system of indices is demonstrated in the analysis of air quality for the towns of Kohtla-Jarve, Johvi and Kivioli (in 1997-1998). A comparative analysis of the air pollution zones distinguished on the basis of emissions and data from bio monitoring yielded satisfactory results. The system of air pollution indices developed enables to process the results of air monitoring in case of pollution fields of complicated composition so that the result for estimating the quality of ambient air in a residential area is easily understood by inhabitants and interpretable with the help of a special scale; analyse temporal changes in the quality of the air in towns, villages and other residential areas and use the results as basis for developing measures for reducing the pollution of ambient air; carry out zonation of large territories on the basis of air pollution levels (spatial air pollution zones are projected on the ground surface) and estimate air quality in places where air monitoring is lacking to forecast the possible effect of air pollution on natural systems (author)

Air ejector augmented compressed air energy storage system

Science.gov (United States)

Ahrens, F.W.; Kartsounes, G.T.

Energy is stored in slack demand periods by charging a plurality of underground reservoirs with air to the same peak storage pressure, during peak demand periods throttling the air from one storage reservoir into a gas turbine system at a constant inlet pressure until the air presure in the reservoir falls to said constant inlet pressure, thereupon permitting air in a second reservoir to flow into said gas turbine system while drawing air from the first reservoir through a variable geometry air ejector and adjusting said variable geometry air ejector, said air flow being essentially at the constant inlet pressure of the gas turbine system.

Enhancing indoor air quality -The air filter advantage.

Science.gov (United States)

Vijayan, Vannan Kandi; Paramesh, Haralappa; Salvi, Sundeep Santosh; Dalal, Alpa Anil Kumar

2015-01-01

Air pollution has become the world's single biggest environmental health risk, linked to around 7 million deaths in 2012 according to a recent World Health Organisation (WHO) report. The new data further reveals a stronger link between, indoor and outdoor air pollution exposure and cardiovascular diseases, such as strokes and ischemic heart disease, as well as between air pollution and cancer. The role of air pollution in the development of respiratory diseases, including acute respiratory infections and chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases, is well known. While both indoor and outdoor pollution affect health, recent statistics on the impact of household indoor pollutants (HAP) is alarming. The WHO factsheet on HAP and health states that 3.8 million premature deaths annually - including stroke, ischemic heart disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and lung cancer are attributed to exposure to household air pollution. Use of air cleaners and filters are one of the suggested strategies to improve indoor air quality. This review discusses the impact of air pollutants with special focus on indoor air pollutants and the benefits of air filters in improving indoor air quality.

Air Consumption Analysis of Air-Jet Weaving

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

RAJ KUMAR KHIANI

2016-07-01

Full Text Available In Textile industry, production is mostly key concern for Industry owner. This always has attracted researchers and machines manufacturers to make new developments in process and machines. Air-jet is one of the leading and successful highest productive weaving machines. However, it is now well established that due to add of charges of compressed air, manufacturing cost of air-jet weaving machine is higher as compared with rapier and projectile weaving machines. This is why countries having energy issues do not prefer air-jet weaving machines comparing projectile weaving machines. In this regard, several researchers and machine manufacturers have continuously been working to improve the efficiency of air-jet weft insertion. However, industry practice is as important as design made by researchers. The aim of this research is to investigate the air consumption of air-jet weaving on industrial scale practice. In this study, five weaving machine of same manufacturer and model were selected. It was observed that despite of manufacturing same quality of fabric, air consumption was varying almost in all weaving machines. Conventionally, mill workers adopt hit and trial practice in weaving industry including airpressure setting which leads to variation of nozzle pressure. Main reason of disparity of air consumption in air-jet weaving machines may be variation of distance from compressor to weaving machines, number of joints, un-necessary valve opening and pipes leakages cause an increase of compressed air consumption.

Manual for THOR-AirPAS - air pollution assessment system

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Jensen, Steen Solvang; Ketzel, Matthias; Brandt, Jørgen

The report provides an outline of the THOR-AirPAS - air pollution assessment system and a brief manual for getting started with the air quality models and input data included in THOR-AirPAS.......The report provides an outline of the THOR-AirPAS - air pollution assessment system and a brief manual for getting started with the air quality models and input data included in THOR-AirPAS....

Níveis de cloro para codornas japonesas na fase de postura Chlorine levels for Japanese quails during the egg-laying period

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Roseane Madeira Bezerra

2011-11-01

Full Text Available Com o objetivo de avaliar os efeitos de quatro níveis de cloro sobre o desempenho e a qualidade de ovos de codornas japonesas na fase de produção, 288 codornas com 17 semanas de idade foram distribuídas em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com seis tratamentos, oito repetições e seis aves por unidade experimental. Os níveis de cloro avaliados foram 0,07; 0,12; 0,17; 0,22; 0,27 e 0,32% e os parâmetros de desempenho e qualidade dos ovos foram: consumos de ração e água, porcentagem de postura, peso e massa de ovos, conversão alimentar, umidade das excretas, coeficientes de digestibilidade da matéria seca (CDMS, nitrogênio (CDN e energia bruta (CDEB, energia metabolizável aparente (EMA e aparente corrigida (EMAn, unidade Haugh, porcentagens de albúmen, gema e casca. Os níveis de cloro não influenciaram significativamente nenhuma dessas variáveis, entretanto, a gravidade específica aumentou linearmente com o acréscimo de cloro na ração. Pode-se recomendar que rações para codornas japonesas na fase de produção sejam formuladas com níveis de cloro de até 0,32%.In order to evaluate the effects of chlorine levels on performance and egg quality of Japanese quails during the production phase, 288 quails with seventeen weeks of age were distributed in a completely randomized design with six treatments, eight replicates and six birds experimental unit. Chlorine levels were: 0.07, 0.12, 0.17, 0.22, 0.27 and 0.32%. Performance and egg quality parameters evaluated were: feed intake (g/bird/day, water consumption (mL/bird/day, production (%, egg weight (g, egg mass (g/bird/day, feed conversion (g/g, moisture of excreta, digestibility of dry matter, coefficient of nitrogen, coefficient of gross energy, apparent metabolizable energy, corrected apparent metabolizable energy, Haugh unit, percentages of albumen, yolk and shell. Chlorine levels did not significantly influence any of those variables; however, the specific gravity

ESTUDIO DE LAS PROPIEDADES ESTRUCTURALES Y ELECTRÓNICAS DE LA FASE (P 4(2/mnm DEL MnO2

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Wilmer Y. Córdoba

2012-01-01

Full Text Available Se reportan cálculos de primeros principios de las propiedades electrónicas del MnO 2 , el cual posee propiedades magnéticas debido a su configuración electrónica , por lo cual es apto para diversas aplicaciones a nivel tecnológico e industrial. Se calculan las propiedades estructurales y electrónicas en su fase P4(2/mnm, usando el formalismo de la Teoría de la Funcional de la Densidad (DFT con la aproximación LDA+U para tratar los efectos de la correlación fuerte y el método de ondas planas aumentadas y linealizadas (FP - LAPW, el cual se implementa en el software Wien2k . L os parámetros estructurales enco ntrados son: la constante de red , la energía de cohesión Además, se realizó un estudio detallado de las propiedades electrónicas por medio de la densidad de estados (DOS para obtener las características conductoras del material encontrando que este posee propiedades distintas de espín indicando que el material se comporta como de tipo Hall Metall .

Ultrasonic transducers with resonant cavities as emitters for air-borne applications

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Montero De Espinosa Freijo, F.

2009-08-01

Full Text Available In this work a new proposal to improve the emission efficiency of air-borne ultrasonic transducers is introduced. A theoretical ultrasonic transducer design is studied using a piezoelectric membrane and a Helmholtz resonator with two acoustic ports. The resonator provides radiation in the acoustic ports in phase with that of the membrane. Several finite element simulations and experimental results are used to study the device. The finite element models were used to compare its behaviour with that of conventional vacuum-cavity transducers. These results show an improvement in the bandwidth reaching a quality factor value of 19. Furthermore, the experimental measurements were used to study the effects of the resonant cavity in the response. Several measurements for different cavity depths were performed. The results show an improvement of 25 dB in the emitted pressure through tuning the transducer.

En este trabajo se presenta una nueva propuesta para mejorar la eficiencia de transductores ultrasónicos acoplados a aire. Para este estudio se ha empleado un diseño teórico de transductor ultrasónico que utiliza una membrana piezoeléctrica y un resonador de Helmholtz con dos puertos acústicos. El resonador hace que la radiación en los puertos acústicos se encuentre en fase con la producida por la membrana. Para estudiar el dispositivo se utilizaron resultados obtenidos mediante programas de elementos finitos y resultados experimentales. Por un lado, los modelos de elementos finitos se utilizaron para comparar el comportamiento del dispositivo con el de transductores convencionales con cavidades al vacío. Estos resultados indican una mejora en el ancho de banda alcanzando valores de factor de calidad de 19. Por otro lado, los resultados experimentales se emplearon para identificar los efectos de la cavidad resonante en el funcionamiento del dispositivo. Para ello se realizaron varias medidas utilizando ciertas profundidades de cavidad

AirPEx: Air Pollution Exposure Model

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Freijer JI; Bloemen HJTh; Loos S de; Marra M; Rombout PJA; Steentjes GM; Veen MP van; LBO

1997-01-01

Analysis of inhalatory exposure to air pollution is an important area of investigation when assessing the risks of air pollution for human health. Inhalatory exposure research focuses on the exposure of humans to air pollutants and the entry of these pollutants into the human respiratory tract. The

Mini-implantes ortodônticos como auxiliares da fase de retração anterior Orthodontic mini-implants assisting the anterior retraction phase

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Carlo Marassi

2008-10-01

Full Text Available INTRODUÇÃO: os mini-implantes ortodônticos se estabeleceram como um importante método de ancoragem e vêm auxiliando os ortodontistas nas várias etapas do tratamento ortodôntico, eliminando, em grande parte, a necessidade de colaboração dos pacientes e tornando os resultados mais previsíveis. OBJETIVO: este artigo descreve os principais aspectos do uso dos mini-implantes como auxiliares da fase de retração anterior, trazendo considerações sobre suas indicações, quantidade de movimentação dos dentes anteriores, os vetores de força de retração, o controle vertical, o posicionamento dos mini-implantes, os tipos de apoio na região anterior e a força a ser utilizada. São citados os sítios de instalação mais usados para a retração anterior e abordados fatores que deverão ser controlados durante o fechamento de espaço. Por fim, são citadas algumas considerações clínicas sobre o uso dos mini-implantes nessa importante fase do tratamento ortodôntico.INTRODUCTION: The use of orthodontic mini-implants has settled as an important anchorage method and is aiding the orthodontists in the several stages of the treatment, largely eliminating the need of patients' compliance, and turning the results more predictable. AIM: This article describes the main aspects of the use of mini-implants as auxiliaries on the retraction phase of the anterior teeth, bringing considerations about their indications, amount of movement of the anterior teeth, the vectors of retraction force, the vertical control and evaluation of the incisors vestibulolingual tipping, the positioning of the mini-implants, the support types in the anterior area and the force to be applied. The placement sites best used for the anterior retraction are mentioned, and the factors that should be controlled during the space closure are approached. Lastly, some clinical considerations on the use of mini-implants in such important phase of the orthodontic treatment are

Air Research

Science.gov (United States)

EPA's air research provides the critical science to develop and implement outdoor air regulations under the Clean Air Act and puts new tools and information in the hands of air quality managers and regulators to protect the air we breathe.

Effects of water deficit in two phenological stages on production of japanese cucumber cultived in greenhouse Efeito do déficit hídrico em duas fases fenológicas sobre a produção do pepino-japonês cultivado em ambiente protegido

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Eduardo C. Oliveira

2011-01-01

Full Text Available The experiment was performed in the experimental area of the Engineering Department Federal University of Lavras, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. It aimed at identifying the adequate irrigation management of the greenhouse-cultivated Japanese cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.. complete randomized design, with four levels of soil water potential (15; 30; 60 e 120 kPa at two phenological phases (vegetative and reproductive, and 5 replications. Overall, the results showed decrease of yield according to increase of soil water potentials. During the reproductive stage, Japanese cucumber plants were more sensitive to water deficit, resulting in further decrease in yield compared to applied water deficit during the vegetative stage of the culture.O experimento foi realizado na área experimental do Departamento de Engenharia da Universidade Federal de Lavras, em Lavras - MG, e teve como objetivo identificar um manejo adequado da irrigação para a produção do pepino-japonês (Cucumis sativus L. cultivado em ambiente protegido. Foi utilizado um delineamento inteiramente casualizado, envolvendo, como tratamentos, quatro níveis de potencial de água no solo (15; 30; 60 e 120 kPa em duas fases fenológicas da cultura (vegetativa e reprodutiva, com 5 repetições. De forma geral, os resultados mostraram decréscimo da produtividade de acordo com o incremento do potencial de água no solo; as plantas do pepineiro-japonês, quando na fase reprodutiva, mostraram-se mais sensíveis ao déficit hídrico, redundando em maiores quedas de produtividade em comparação com o déficit hídrico aplicado durante a fase vegetativa da cultura.

Estudio in-situ de la transformación térmica de limonita utilizada como pigmento procedente de Perú

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Romero-Gómez, P.

2013-06-01

Full Text Available It has been performed a kinetic study of the thermal transformation of Limonite [FeO(OH.nH2O] by thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA, thermal X-ray Diffraction (XRD and μ-Raman spectroscopy. The mineral was extracted from the Taraco District, Huancané Province, Puno region (Peru. Powdered XRD identify goethite phase as the main mineralogical component besides quartz. It was subjected to in-situ thermal treatment in the range of temperatures 100 to 500 ºC in air and an inert atmosphere (nitrogen. The goethite phase remains stable from room temperature until 200 ºC. From 250ºC there is a phase transformation α-FeO(OH → α-Fe2O3 with 8 wt % weight loss and a chromatic change, i.e., the change of the hydroxylated goethite phase (yellow to oxided hematite phase (red, as evidenced by the TGA and evolution of the XRD profiles. Moreover, the μ-Raman spectra of the in-situ thermal treatment corroborate that there is a transition at 290 ºC by the transformation of the characteristic Raman bands of the goethite to hematite phase, in the frequency range from 200 to 1800cm-1.Se ha realizado un estudio cinético de la transformación térmica de limonita [FeO(OH.nH2O] mediante análisis térmico gravimétrico (TGA, termodifracción de rayos X (DRX y espectroscopía μ-Raman. La muestra estudiada fue extraída de un yacimiento en el distrito de Taraco, provincia de Huancané, Región de Puno (Perú. La técnica DRX en polvo identificó la fase goetita como el principal componente mineralógico, además de cuarzo. La muestra se sometió a un tratamiento térmico in-situ en un intervalo de temperaturas de 100 a 500 °C en atmósfera de aire e inerte (nitrógeno y se estudió por DRX. Los resultados han mostrado que la fase goetita permanece estable desde la temperatura ambiente hasta 200 °C. A partir de los 250 °C se produce una transformación de fase α-FeO(OH → α-Fe2O3 con un cambio cromático, es decir, el paso de la fase hidroxilada goetita

Oxygen reduction using platinum electrocatalysts prepared by liquid phase photo-deposition; Reduccion de oxigeno mediante electrocatalizadores de platino preparados por foto-deposicion en fase liquida

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ruiz-Camacho, B.; Perez-Galindo, J. A.; Valenzuela, M. A.; Gonzalez-Huerta, R. G. [Instituto Politecnico Nacional, ESIQIE, Mexico D.F. (Mexico)]. E-mail: rosgonzalez_h@yahoo.com.mx

2009-09-15

This work presents the synthesis and characterization of nanometric-sized Pt/C electrochemical catalysts using impregnation and liquid phase photo-deposition methods. Two platinum precursors were used, C{sub 10}H{sub 14}O{sub 4}Pt (Pt acetylacetonate, Pt(acac){sub 2}) and H{sub 2}PtCl{sub 6} (hexachloroplatinic acid) to study the effect on the particle size and the electrocatalytic behavior in the oxygen reduction reaction. The characterization of the catalysts was done using x-ray diffraction, hydrogen chemisorption and transmission electron microscopy. The electrochemical study was conducted with cyclic voltamperometry and rotary disc electrode (RDE) techniques. Pt (E-tek) was used as a reference catalyst. The peaks of the platinum were identified based on the x-ray diffraction results, and correspond to crystalline phases (111) and (200), whose intensity was greater when using H{sub 2}PtCl{sub 6} versus Pt(acac){sub 2}. The hydrogen chemisorption and transmission electron microscopy tests found that the larger-sized particle (1-5 nm) and greater metallic dispersion was obtained using Pt(acac){sub 2} as a platinum precursor and liquid phase photo-deposition. It was also found that this material presented the best electrochemical response, showing a open-circuit potential of 0.96 V and over-potential of 0.05 V with respect to H{sub 2}PtCl{sub 6} and of 0.22 V with respect to the catalyst obtained using impregnation. [Spanish] En este trabajo se presenta la sintesis y caracterizacion electroquimica de catalizadores de tamano nanometrico de Pt/C empleando los metodos de impregnacion y foto-deposicion en fase liquida. Se utilizaron dos precursores del platino C{sub 10}H{sub 14}O{sub 4}Pt (acetil-acetonato de Pt, Pt(acac){sub 2}) y H2PtCl6 (acido hexacloroplatinico), para estudiar el efecto que tienen sobre el tamano de particula y el comportamiento electrocatalitico en la reaccion de reduccion de oxigeno. La caracterizacion de los catalizadores se realizo mediante

US Fish and Wildlife Service biomonitoring operations manual, Appendices A--K

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Gianotto, D.F.; Rope, R.C.; Mondecar, M.; Breckenridge, R.P.; Wiersma, G.B.; Staley, C.S.; Moser, R.S.; Sherwood, R.; Brown, K.W.

1993-04-01

Volume 2 contains Appendices and Summary Sheets for the following areas: A-Legislative Background and Key to Relevant Legislation, B- Biomonitoring Operations Workbook, C-Air Monitoring, D-Introduction to the Flora and Fauna for Biomonitoring, E-Decontamination Guidance Reference Field Methods, F-Documentation Guidance, Sample Handling, and Quality Assurance/Quality Control Standard Operating Procedures, G-Field Instrument Measurements Reference Field Methods, H-Ground Water Sampling Reference Field Methods, I-Sediment Sampling Reference Field Methods, J-Soil Sampling Reference Field Methods, K-Surface Water Reference Field Methods. Appendix B explains how to set up strategy to enter information on the ``disk workbook``. Appendix B is enhanced by DE97006389, an on-line workbook for users to be able to make revisions to their own biomonitoring data.

Review article: RE-SiAlONa¤b- composites. Formation, thermal stability, phase relationships, reaction densification Artigo revisão: compósitos TR a¤b SiAlON. Formação, estabilidade térmica, relações de fases, densificação por reação

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

V. A. Izhevskiy

1999-02-01

Full Text Available In view of the considerable progress that has been made over the last several years on the fundamental understanding of phase relationships, microstructural design, and tailoring of properties for specific applications of rare-earth doped SiAlONs, a clear review of current understanding of the basic regularities lying behind the processes that take place during sintering of SiAlONs is timely. Alternative secondary phase development, mechanism and full reversibility of thea«btransformation in relation with the phase assemblage evolution are elucidated. Reaction sintering of multicomponent SiAlONs is considered with regard of wetting behavior of silicate liquid phases formed on heating. Regularities of SiAlON’s behavior and stability are tentatively explained in terms of RE-element ionic radii and acid/base reaction principle.Em vista do considerável progresso obtido nos últimos anos quanto à relação entre fases, o design microestrutural e a otimização de propriedades para aplicações específicas de SiAlONs dopados com elementos de terras-raras, se faz necessário uma clara revisão dos mecanismos envolvidos nos processos que ocorrem durante a sinterização dos SiAlONs. O desenvolvimento de segundas fases alternativas, os mecanismos e a completa reversibilidade da transformaçãoa«b, em relação ao conjunto das fases são elucidados. Sinterização por reação de SiAlONs multi-componentes é analisada em relação à molhabilidade da fase líquida a base de silicato formada no aquecimento. Propõe-se uma explicação para a regularidade e estabilidade do comportamento dos SiAlONs em termos do raio iônico dos elementos de terras-raras e do princípio de reação ácido/base.

Air-cooled, hydrogen-air fuel cell

Science.gov (United States)

Shelekhin, Alexander B. (Inventor); Bushnell, Calvin L. (Inventor); Pien, Michael S. (Inventor)

1999-01-01

An air-cooled, hydrogen-air solid polymer electrolyte (SPE) fuel cell with a membrane electrode assembly operatively associated with a fluid flow plate having at least one plate cooling channel extending through the plate and at least one air distribution hole extending from a surface of the cathode flow field into the plate cooling channel.

An experimental evaluation on air purification performance of Clean-Air Heat Pump (CAHP) air cleaner

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Sheng, Ying; Fang, Lei; Sun, Yuexia

2018-01-01

was 96.8%, which indicated that the most of gaseous pollutants were not accumulated in the CAHP. The regeneration temperature for the wheel could affect the air purification performance of CAHP. At 70 °C of regeneration temperature, the air-cleaning efficiency reached 96.7%. Up to 70% of the outdoor air......The escalation of energy consumption in buildings and heightened concerns about acceptable indoor air quality stimulate interest in the usage of air cleaner as an adjunct for indoor environmental conditioning. A regenerative desiccant wheel integrated into a ventilation system termed Clean-Air Heat...... Pump (CAHP) can improve the air quality during the process of dehumidification without using additional energy. An experimental study in a field lab was performed to investigate the air cleaning performance of CAHP. Photoacoustic gas analyzer-INNOVA was used to characterize chemical removal of indoor...

AirData

Data.gov (United States)

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency — The AirData site provides access to yearly summaries of United States air pollution data, taken from EPA's air pollution databases. AirData has information about...

Purificação de três diferentes beta-galactosidades microbianas por partição em sistemas de duas fases aquosas Purification of three different microbial beta-galactosidases by partitioning in aqueous two-phase systems

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Maria Estela SILVA

1997-12-01

Full Text Available Este trabalho tratou da investigação do efeito do peso molecular de polietilenoglicol (PEG sobre a partição de enzimas beta-galactosidases de diferentes origens microbianas: Escherichia coli, Klueveromyces lactis e Aspergillus orizae em sistemas de duas fases aquosas (SDFA.Foi observado que os melhores sistemas para purificação da enzima de E. coli foram os formados por PEG 4000, 6000 e 8000/fosfato, fornecendo os mais elevados fatores de purificação da enzima. As enzimas de Klueveromyces lactis e Aspergillus orizae não foram eficientemente purificadas nestes sistemas sendo insensíveis à alterações do peso molecular do PEG. Portanto, um outro sistema de duas fases aquosas foi desenvolvido contendo um ligante específico, p-aminofenil 1-tio-beta-D-galactopiranosídeo (APGP, acoplado ao PEG para purificar a enzima de Klueveromyces lactis. Uma etapa simples de partição no SDFA formado por 6% APGP-PEG4000 + 12% dextrana T505.000 foi capaz de recuperar 83% da enzima na fase superior do sistema e de aumentar 1,6 vezes o fator de purificação.This work investigated the effect of the molecular weight of polyethyleneglycol (PEG upon the partition coefficient of beta-galactosidases from three different microorganisms: Escherichia coli, Klueveromyces lactis and Aspergillus orizae. It was found that PEG 6,000 and PEG 8,000/phosphate were the best systems for achieving the highest purification factors of E. coli beta-galactosidase. However, the other two yeast beta-galactosidases were not efficiently separated from their contaminants in any of the PEG/salt systems. In order to improve the separation of Klueveromyces lactis beta-galactosidase from the main protein contaminants, the biospecific ligand p-aminophenyl 1-thio-beta-D-galactopyranoside (APGP was attached to activated PEG 4000. The affinity PEG having APGP bound to its backbone was synthesized in two steps. The partitioning of Klueveromyces lactis beta-galactosidase in aqueous two

Can a Clean-Air Heat Pump (CAHP) maintain air purification capability when using polluted air for regeneration?

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Sheng, Ying; Fang, Lei

2018-01-01

Clean Air Heat Pump (CAHP) was one type of rotary desiccant cooling system which combined a silica gel rotor with a heat pump to achieve air cleaning, dehumidifying and cooling in buildings. Using exhaust air from the conditioned room for regeneration of the silica gel rotor might have an advantage...... on reducing the regeneration air temperature and further improving the energy performance of the CAHP. However, the exhaust air carried a lot of indoor air pollutants. Whether using exhaust air for the regeneration of the silica gel rotor had an impact on the air cleaning performance of the CAHP...... was experimentally studied. The results showed that using the air contained acetone or toluene for regeneration reduced the pollutants removal capability of CAHP with a reduction of approx. 10% in air cleaning efficiency. The energy performance of the CAHP when using exhaust air for regeneration was also evaluated...

Air Pollution

Science.gov (United States)

Air pollution is a mixture of solid particles and gases in the air. Car emissions, chemicals from factories, ... Ozone, a gas, is a major part of air pollution in cities. When ozone forms air pollution, it's ...

La fase principal de las tormentas geomagnéticas y la anomalía geomagnética del Atlántico Sur

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

María Andrea Van Zele

2012-12-01

Full Text Available El objetivo de este estudio es determinar en qué condiciones se produce y cuánto perdura el rápido crecimiento de la variación de intensidad del campo magnético durante la fase principal de una tormenta geomagnética (dB, y si depende de la intensidad del campo principal donde ésta se registra. Para ello se comparan variaciones de tormentas calculadas dentro y fuera de la Anomalía Geomagnética del Atlántico Sur (SAMA, donde el campo geomagnético principal es mínimo. Con los registros del observatorio de Vassouras (latitud baja, Brasil se calculan las variaciones de tormenta correspondientes a la zona de la Anomalía. Los registros del observatorio de Kourou (KOU a la misma longitud geográfica y latitud geomagnética conjugada, y los de Kakadu (Australia y Kanoya (Japón, a 180° de longitud y algo mayor latitud, se utilizan para la comparación. Se seleccionan tormentas geomagnéticas registradas entre los años 2000 y 2009 que presentan una fase principal bien definida según el índice Dst, independientemente de su intensidad y de al menos media hora de duración. Se establece que a las características generales de las variaciones de tormentas registradas en la SAMA son compartidas con las registradas fuera de la región; b por lo general, el decrecimiento rápido de la componente norte X es mayor en VSS, pero no es independiente de la hora de inicio ni la época del año; c por lo general la variación de tormenta del campo total (dB es mayor en VSS, pero no es independiente de la hora de inicio ni la época del año. Puede concluirse que allí donde el campo magnético total es aproximadamente la mitad del que correspondiente al campo dipolar, el rápido crecimiento de la intensidad de la fase principal de una tormenta geomagnética (dB no tiene un comportamiento unívoco, asociado a la intensidad del campo principal.The aim of this study is to determine whether the rapid growth of the magnetic field intensity during the main

Aplicação de metodos de otimização para o calculo do equilibrio quimico e de fases combinados para processos com gas de sintese

OpenAIRE

Consuelo Cristina Gomes Silva

2008-01-01

Resumo: Essa pesquisa consiste em aplicar métodos de otimização global para o cálculo do equilíbrio químico e de fases combinados para misturas com gás de síntese. O gás de síntese tem grande interesse industrial, pelas inúmeras possibilidades de produção de diversos compostos químicos. Dessa forma, é fundamental conhecer as condições termodinâmicas que favoreçam a obtenção de determinado produto. A aplicação de métodos de otimização global é de grande interesse para a determinação do equilíb...

Estado de mistura e dispersão da fase borrachosa em blendas PVC/NBR Phase separation and rubber phase dispersion in PVC/NBR blends

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Fábio R. Passador

2006-01-01

Full Text Available Termoplásticos modificados com elastômeros têm despertado grande interesse de pesquisadores e de indústrias devido à atraente relação custo/benefício e a possibilidade de aumento significativo da tenacidade sob impacto de polímeros frágeis com a incorporação de uma fase borrachosa dispersa. Este artigo mostra a relação entre o estado de mistura e a dispersão da fase borrachosa em blendas de poli (cloreto de vinila (PVC com borracha nitrílica (NBR. O estado de mistura de blendas poliméricas é um fator muito importante a ser considerado no desenvolvimento destes tipos de materiais, uma vez que determina o nível de mistura molecular das blendas. A característica estrutural do PVC é responsável pela morfologia das blendas PVC/NBR, sendo que há uma otimização de propriedades mecânicas quando as partículas de borracha formam a morfologia "pseudo-network", ou seja, quando as partículas de borracha estão randomicamente dispersas entre as partículas primárias do PVC.Thermoplastics modified with elastomers have attracted great interest of researchers and industries due to the low cost/benefit relationship and the possibility of significant increase in the toughness of brittle polymers through the incorporation of a dispersed rubber phase. This article shows the relationship between the interaction between phases and rubber phase dispersion in poly (vinyl chloride/nitrile rubber blends. The interaction between components in polymer blends is an important factor to be considered in the development of this kind of materials because it determines the level of the mixture at the molecular level. The particulate nature of PVC and the degree of nitrile groups in the NBR are responsible to the PVC/NBR blends morphologies leading to an optimization of the mechanical properties when the rubber particles form a pseudo-network morphology with the rubber particles randomly dispersed in between the PVC primary particles.

Reduced energy reqirement for air conditioning by using air diffusion with air flow from floor to ceiling

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bach, H; Dittes, W; Mangelsdorf, R; Detzer, R; Jungbaeck, E; Fitzner, K; Radtke, W; Soethout, F

1982-02-01

The condition of the air in the occupied zone in airconditioned rooms is influenced by the mixing of supply air with room air. When supplying air from the ceiling there is a mixing all over the room, when supplying from the floor or from desks there is a mixing region only in the lower area. Above this their is warm air from which the return air is drawn. For air supply from below the cooling load can be decreased. In combination with the possible enthalpy difference between room air and supply air this decrease of the cooling load influences the necessary air rate. The interdependence of various air conditioning systems and various air temperatures is shown with a computer program. The load factor for various air distribution system at various cooling loads have been measured in a room of (8 x 5)m/sup 2/ x 3m. Experiments in a smaller model room (scale 1:3) showed how the heat was transported from the mixing region to the stratification region. The theoretically gained influence of the supply air jets of the height of the mixing region and on the load rate could be verified by the experiments. For the design of the fresh air rate, experience has been gained by measurements with tracegas (N/sub 2/O) in a third room. In comparing calculations the annual energy consumption has been computed for a building assuming various air conditioning systems and typical operation data. From experience with the existing systems the conclusions have been drawn how air distribution from floor to ceiling can be installed and operated.

Una revisión de metodologías seguras en cada fase del ciclo de vida del desarrollo de software

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

César Marulanda L.

2012-06-01

Full Text Available El desarrollo de software seguro es un asunto de alta importancia en las compañías, debido a que la mayoría de ellas dependen altamente de sus aplicaciones para su operación normal. Es por esto que se hace necesario implementar efectivamente metodologías de desarrollo seguro que sean aplicadas en cada fase del ciclo de vida: requisitos, diseño, desarrollo y pruebas. Es importante tener presente la seguridad desde las etapas más tempranas del proceso de desarrollo y no dejarla en un segundo plano. Además, se requiere investigar el estado del arte en desarrollo de aplicaciones seguras y así escoger metodologías de acuerdo con las necesidades de cada aplicación y los requisitos de los interesados en el producto final. El objetivo de este artículo es recopilar una serie de metodologías y herramientas existentes que se puedan implementar, añadiendo seguridad en toda la aplicación y desarrollando no sólo software de alta calidad sino también de alta seguridad.

Air Pollution Monitoring | Air Quality Planning & Standards ...

Science.gov (United States)

2016-06-08

The basic mission of the Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards is to preserve and improve the quality of our nation's air. To accomplish this, OAQPS must be able to evaluate the status of the atmosphere as compared to clean air standards and historical information.

Análisis de fase mediante "Gated-SPECT" de perfusión miocárdica para valorar el sincronismo mecánico del ventrículo izquierdo realizado con dos programas distintos de procesamiento

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Víctor Marín Oyaga

2016-01-01

Full Text Available Introducción y objetivos: El análisis de fase mediante Gated- SPECT de perfusión mio - cárdica ( GS-PMI es una nueva herramienta para medir la asincronía ventricular izquierda con importantes aplicaciones clínicas futuras en resincronización e insuficiencia cardiaca. Se puede medir mediante dos programas ( ECTb o QGS C-S . El objetivo es demostrar su factibilidad y verificar si existen diferencias entre ambos. Metodología: Estudio analítico, observacional y retrospectivo en pacientes con GS-PMI normales. Los parámetros obtenidos fueron: la desviación estándar de la fase (DE y el ancho de banda de histograma (AH . La evaluación de la diferencia entre los grupos se realizó usando pruebas para muestras independientes después de analizar la distribución de datos. Nivel de significación p<0,05. Se utilizó SPSS IBM V.21 ®. Resultados: Total pacientes: 193 (104 hombres. Edad media: 64 años (24-89.61/193 procesados con QGS C-S y 132/193 con ECT b. Postestrés: la media de la DE fue 6º±3,7º, con mediana de 5º y rango intercuartílico ( IR :3.6º. La media de AH fue 22,7º±10º, con mediana de 18º y IR :11.5º. Postreposo: la media de la DE fue 5,76º±4,82º y la mediana 4,5º con IR : 3.1º. La media de AH fue 21.67º± 14.06º y la mediana 18º, IR :12º. Entre ambos programas se encontraron diferencias significativas en la DE en postestrés (p=0,001 y postreposo (p=0,019, sin diferencias en el AH postestrés (p=0,31 y postreposo (p=0,18. Conclusión : Realizar el análisis fase de análisis por GS-PMI es factible. Sin embargo, la DE mostró diferencias significativas entre los dos programas. Aunque los valores mostrados podrían ser utilizados como valores normales, se recomienda que estos se obtengan y utilicen para cada programa por separado.

Anaerobic biodigestion of pigs feces in the initial, growing and finishing stages fed with diets formulated with corn or sorghum Biodigestão anaeróbia de dejetos de suínos nas diferentes fases alimentados com dietas formuladas com milho ou sorgo

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Adélia P. Miranda

2012-02-01

Full Text Available The objective of this study was to evaluate the quality and the production of biogas and biofertilizer obtained from biodigester supplied with pig feces in the initial, growing and finishing stages, fed with diets formulated based on corn or sorghum. Twenty bench biodigesters were used with hydraulic retention time of 30 days and daily loads that contained 4 to 6% of total solids (TS and 3.6 to 5.2% of volatile solids (VS. In the effluent of the biodigesters, mean levels of TS were observed ranging between 1.6 and 2.0% and of VS between 1.2 and 1.6%. The mean reductions of TS were 57.7 to 64.7% and of VS from 61.7 to 69.0%, and there was only difference in the finishing phase, in which the major averages reductions were produced by the biodigesters supplied with feces from animals fed with diets based on corn. In biodigesters supplied with feces from animals in the initial and growing stages fed with diets based on corn, were observed higher average productions of biogas and the greatest average potentials of biogas production. The average potentials obtained were 0.033; 0.181; 0.685; 0.788 and 1.132 m³ per kg of affluent, manure, TS added, VS added and VS reduced, respectively. No differences were found on the average content of methane in the biogas between diets and stages. The average concentrations of nutrients N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Na, Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu in the biodigester affluent and effluent, ranged between diets and stages.Objetivou-se avaliar a produção e a qualidade do biogás e do biofertilizante obtidos em biodigestores abastecidos com dejetos de suínos, nas fases inicial, crescimento e terminação, alimentados com dietas formuladas à base de milho ou sorgo. Foram utilizados 20 biodigestores de bancada, com tempo de retenção hidráulica de 30 dias, e cargas diárias que continham 4,0 a 6,0% de sólidos totais (ST e 3,6 a 5,2% de sólidos voláteis (SV. Nos efluentes dos biodigestores, foram verificados teores médios de ST

EMERGE - ESnet/MREN Regional Science Grid Experimental NGI Testbed

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Mambretti, Joe; DeFanti, Tom; Brown, Maxine

2001-07-31

This document is the final report on the EMERGE Science Grid testbed research project from the perspective of the International Center for Advanced Internet Research (iCAIR) at Northwestern University, which was a subcontractor to this UIC project. This report is a compilation of information gathered from a variety of materials related to this project produced by multiple EMERGE participants, especially those at Electronic Visualization Lab (EVL) at the University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC), Argonne National Lab and iCAIR. The EMERGE Science Grid project was managed by Tom DeFanti, PI from EVL at UIC.

New Phase in the System Uranium-Molybdenum-Silicon; Nouvelle phase dans le systeme uranium-molybdene-silicium; Novaya faza v sisteme uran-molibden'-kremnij; Una fase nueva en el sistema uranio-molibdeno-silicio

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sikirica, M.; Ban, Z. [Rudjer Bokovic Institute, Zagreb, Yugoslavia (Croatia)

1963-11-15

During the investigation of the ternary system uranium-molybdenum-silicon, a new phase with the composition U{sub 4}Mo{sub 5}-Si{sub 3} was formed. Structure determination exclusively based on the powder data showed that the particular phase belongs to the hexagonal system. Space group P6/mmc or one of the sub-groups is indicated. Unit cell dimensions were found to be a = 5.37{sub 0}A, c = 8 . 58{sub 2}A. A comparison of calculated and observed intensities shows close resemblance to the structure of the Laves phases of the C14-type. (author) [French] Au cours de recherches sur le systeme ternaire uranium-molybdene-silicium, on a constate la formation d'une nouvelle phase, de composition U{sub 4}Mo{sub 5}Si{sub 3}. Une determination de la structure, exclusivement fondee sur des donnees relatives a la poudre, a revele que cette phase particuliere appartenait au systeme hexagonal. Les auteurs indiquent un groupe spatial P6/mmc ou un des sous-groupes. Les dimensions d'une maille individuelle sont donnees par a = 5,37{sub 0}A, c = 8,58{sub 2}A. La comparaison entre l'intensite calculee et Tintensite observee montre une ressemblance etroite avec la structure des phases de Laves du type C-14. (author) [Spanish] En-el curso del estudio del sistema temario uranio-molibdeno-silicio, los autores observaron la formacion de una fase cuya composicion responde a la formula U{sub 4}Mo{sub 5}Si{sub 3}. La determinacion de la estructura, basada exclusivamente en los datos referentes al material en polvo, demuestra que esa fase pertenece al sistema hexagonal. Se senalo la existencia de un grupo especial P6/mmc y se comprobo que las dimensiones de la celda elemental son a = 5,37{sub 0}A, c = 8,58{sub 2}A. La comparacion de las intensidades calculadas con las observadas indica que existe una analogia estrecha con la estructura de la fase de Laves del tipo C 14. (author) [Russian] Pri izuchenii trojnoj sistemy uran - molibden - kremnij obrazovalas' novaya faza sostava U{sub 4}Mo{sub 5

Caracterización de la población del corregimiento de Salgar (Atlántico, Colombia) como fase preliminar para la implementación de un Modelo de Atención Primaria en Salud, 2014

OpenAIRE

Hernando Baquero-Latorre; Ana Liliana Ríos-García

2015-01-01

Objetivo:Caracterizar la población del corregimiento de Salgar (Atlántico) como fase pre-liminar para la implementación de un Modelo de Atención Primaria en Salud. Materiales y método: Investigación descriptiva transversal de ámbito comunitario. Fuente primaria, se recolectó con tarjeta familiar en el lugar de residencia. Se realizaron intervenciones en salud con docentes y estudiantes de medicina y enfermería, con base en riesgos identificados.Resultados:Se caracterizó a 418 familias, 7...

Caracterización de la población del corregimiento de Salgar (Atlántico, Colombia) como fase preliminar para la implementación de un Modelo de Atención Primaria en Salud, 2014

OpenAIRE

Baquero-Latorre, Hernando; Ríos-García, Ana Liliana

2015-01-01

Objetivo: Caracterizar la población del corregimiento de Salgar (Atlántico) como fase preliminar para la implementación de un Modelo de Atención Primaria en Salud. Materiales y método: Investigación descriptiva transversal de ámbito comunitario. Fuente primaria, se recolectó con tarjeta familiar en el lugar de residencia. Se realizaron intervenciones en salud con docentes y estudiantes de medicina y enfermería, con base en riesgos identificados. Resultados: Se caracterizó a 418 familias, 78.9...

30 CFR 75.1730 - Compressed air; general; compressed air systems.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Compressed air; general; compressed air systems... Compressed air; general; compressed air systems. (a) All pressure vessels shall be constructed, installed... Safety and Health district office. (b) Compressors and compressed-air receivers shall be equipped with...

Metal-air batteries with high energy density: Li-air versus Zn-air

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lee, Jang-Soo; Sun, Tai Kim; Cao, Ruiguo; Choi, Nam-Soon; Lee, Kyu Tae; Cho, Jaephil [Interdisciplinary School of Green Energy, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan (Korea, Republic of); Liu, Meilin [School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA (United States)

2011-01-01

In the past decade, there have been exciting developments in the field of lithium ion batteries as energy storage devices, resulting in the application of lithium ion batteries in areas ranging from small portable electric devices to large power systems such as hybrid electric vehicles. However, the maximum energy density of current lithium ion batteries having topatactic chemistry is not sufficient to meet the demands of new markets in such areas as electric vehicles. Therefore, new electrochemical systems with higher energy densities are being sought, and metal-air batteries with conversion chemistry are considered a promising candidate. More recently, promising electrochemical performance has driven much research interest in Li-air and Zn-air batteries. This review provides an overview of the fundamentals and recent progress in the area of Li-air and Zn-air batteries, with the aim of providing a better understanding of the new electrochemical systems. (Copyright copyright 2011 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH and Co. KGaA, Weinheim)

Nitrogen fluorescence in air for observing extensive air showers

CERN Document Server

Keilhauer, B; Fraga, M; Matthews, J; Sakaki, N; Tameda, Y; Tsunesada, Y; Ulrich, A

2012-01-01

Extensive air showers initiate the fluorescence emissions from nitrogen molecules in air. The UV-light is emitted isotropically and can be used for observing the longitudinal development of extensive air showers in the atmosphere over tenth of kilometers. This measurement technique is well-established since it is exploited for many decades by several cosmic ray experiments. However, a fundamental aspect of the air shower analyses is the description of the fluorescence emission in dependence on varying atmospheric conditions. Different fluorescence yields affect directly the energy scaling of air shower reconstruction. In order to explore the various details of the nitrogen fluorescence emission in air, a few experimental groups have been performing dedicated measurements over the last decade. Most of the measurements are now finished. These experimental groups have been discussing their techniques and results in a series of \\emph{Air Fluorescence Workshops} commenced in 2002. At the 8$^{\\rm{th}}$ Air Fluoresc...

Inquietudes e tensionamentos: pistas para a compreensão do futuro do rádio comercial em sua fase de convergência

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Luiz Artur Ferraretto

2015-12-01

Full Text Available Este artigo busca amparo teórico na economia política da comunicação para analisar as perspectivas do rádio comercial brasileiro em sua fase de convergência. Objetiva demonstrar o equívoco da sobrevalorização da tecnologia neste processo, assumindo tal prática como algo comum entre a classe empresarial. Para tanto, parte de proposições anteriores para a redefinição do conceito de rádio, considerando uma concepção plural para o meio, a linguagem específica empregada, a expansão em direção a outras mídias e a sua caracterização como uma criação cultural coletivamente desenvolvida. Trabalha, neste quadro teórico e conceitual, as estações comerciais na contemporaneidade por quatro pontos de vista tidos aqui como complementares: (1 o tecnológico; (2 o empresarial; (3 o profissional e de conteúdos; e (4 o do público.

Natural Afsluitdijk. Phase 1. Report Marketing Research Afsluitdijk; Natuurlijk Afsluitdijk. Fase 1 rapport Marktverkenning Afsluitdijk

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2008-07-15

An overview is given of sketches and ideas for an integral vision on the Afsluitdijk, Netherlands with regard to safety, sustainability and innovation. Chapter 2 sheds a light on the original idea and explains the elaborated vision. Chapter 3 contains the integral vision, discussing the development process, the design models and the elaboration of the various functions, including their synergy. Chapter 4 addresses the feasibility of the vision. Chapter 5 examines the effects and the stakeholders. Chapter 6 provides the legal and administrative frameworks and chapter 7 provides a preliminary analysis of the shaping of the public-private process. Finally, chapter 8 provides a state of the art at the end of phase 1 of the marketing research Afsluitdijk. [Dutch] Dit rapport van het consortium 'Natuurlijk Afsluitdijk' bevat schetsen en ideeen voor een integrale visie op de Afsluitdijk t.a.v. veiligheid, duurzaamheid en innovatie. Het Consortium Natuurlijk Afsluitdijk bestaat uit de volgende partijen: Wubbo Ockels B.V.; Haskoning Nederland B.V.; Cooperatieve Centrale Raiffeisen-Boerenleenbank B.A. (Rabobank); Van Oord Dredging and Marine Contractors B.V.; Koninklijke BAM Groep N.V. (BAM); Raadgevend Ingenieursbureau Lievense B.V.; Eneco Milieu B.V. Hoofdstuk 2 belicht het oorspronkelijke idee en geeft de uitgewerkte visie weer. Hoofdstuk 3 is de 'Integrale visie', waarbij zowel het ontwikkelproces, de ontwerpmodellen en de uitwerking van de verschillende functies, inclusief hun synergie worden weergegeven. In hoofdstuk 4 komt de haalbaarheid aan de orde. In hoofdstuk 5 komen de effecten en stakeholders aan de orde. In hoofdstuk 6 de wettelijke en bestuurlijke kaders en in hoofdstuk 7 wordt een eerste analyse gegeven van de vormgeving van het publiekprivate proces. Hoofdstuk 8 tenslotte geeft de stand van zaken aan het einde van fase 1 van de Marktverkenning Afsluitdijk.

[Microbial air purity in hospitals. Operating theatres with air conditioning system].

Science.gov (United States)

Krogulski, Adam; Szczotko, Maciej

2010-01-01

The aim of this study was to show the influence of air conditioning control for microbial contamination of air inside the operating theatres equipped with correctly working air-conditioning system. This work was based on the results of bacteria and fungi concentration in hospital air obtained since 2001. Assays of microbial air purity conducted on atmospheric air in parallel with indoor air demonstrated that air filters applied in air-conditioning systems worked correctly in every case. To show the problem of fluctuation of bacteria concentration more precisely, every sequences of single results from successive measure series were examined independently.

Gas exchange alteration caused by water deficit during the bean reproductive stage Alterações das trocas gasosas na fase reprodutiva e produtividade do feijão sob déficit hídrico

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Lauricio Endres

2010-01-01

Full Text Available The purpose of the present study was to analyze gas exchanges in leaves and the parameters of productivity of beans (Phaseolus vulgaris, L. submitted to two water deficiency periods during which three water regimes were employed: W1 (1,0 ETo during the entire plant cycle; W2 (1,0 ETo up to the flowering period and irrigation interruption from the 37 to the 51st day following sowing, and W3 (in addition to the reproductive phase, water deficit was also applied during the vegetative stage. Photosynthesis was one of the main physiological factors affected by water deficit. This was not only caused by the stomata closure, but also by carboxilation reduction due to metabolic damage. This effect was, however, offset 24 h after rehydration. During flowering, the water deficit caused crop productivity to drop significantly, reducing the number of pods and the number of seeds per pod, independently of the water deficit during the vegetative stage. The weight of 100 seeds however, was the same regardless of treatment. These results suggest that the water deficit caused the reduction of photo-assimilates, which affected grain productivity. Nevertheless, once properly formed, seeds developed totally; a strategy of the plant to produce less seeds under stress, but viable to perpetuate the species.Neste trabalho, se analisaram as trocas gasosas das folhas e parâmetros de produtividade de feijão (Phaseolus vulgaris, L. submetido a dois períodos de deficiência hídrica e se empregaram três regimes hídricos, a saber: W1 (1,0 ETo durante todo o ciclo da cultura; W2 (1,0 ETo até a floração e suspensão da irrigação do 37 ao 51º dia após a semeadura (DAS, correspondendo à fase de floração e W3 (além da fase reprodutiva também se aplicou um déficit hídrico durante a fase vegetativa. A fotossíntese foi um dos principais fatores fisiológicos afetados pelo déficit hídrico devido não só ao fechamento estomático, mas, também, à redução da

AIRS-only Product on Giovanni for Exploring Up-to-date AIRS Observation and Comparing with AIRS+AMSU Product

Science.gov (United States)

Ding, F.; Hearty, T. J., III; Theobald, M.; Vollmer, B.; Wei, J.

2017-12-01

The NASA Goddard Earth Sciences Data and Information Services Center (GES DISC) has been the home of processing, archiving, and distribution services for the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) mission since its launch in 2002 for the global observations of the atmospheric state. Giovanni, a web-based application developed by the GES DISC, provides a simple and intuitive way to visualize, analyze, and access vast amounts of Earth science remote sensing data without having to download the data. Most important variables, including temperature and humidity profiles, outgoing longwave radiation, cloud properties, and trace gases, from version 6 AIRS product are available on Giovanni. The AIRS is an instrument suite comprised of a hyperspectral infrared instrument AIRS and two multichannel microwave instruments, the Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit (AMSU) and the Humidity Sounder for Brazil (HSB). As the HSB ceased operation in very early stage of AIRS mission, the AIRS project operates two parallel retrieval algorithms: one using both IR and MW measurements (AIRS+AMSU) and the other using only IR measurements (AIRS-only) for the most time of the mission. The AIRS+AMSU product is better and the variables on Giovanni are from it. However, the generation of AIRS+AMSU product has been suspended since the AMSU instrument anomaly occurred in late 2016. To continue exploring up-to-date AIRS observations, the same set of variables from the AIRS-only product are added on Giovanni by the GES DSIC. This will also support the comparison of AIRS-only with AIRS+AMSU retrievals. In the presentation, we will demonstrate the visualization of AIRS-only product and the plots/statistics of comparison with AIRS+AMSU product using Giovanni.

Regional characterisation of hydraulic properties of rock using air-lift data

Science.gov (United States)

Wladis, David; Gustafson, Gunnar

les données disponibles présentent une certaine imprécision. Au départ, il faut cependant examiner l'utilité potentielle, c'est-à-dire la précision attendue, de données imprécises dans chaque cas spécifique. Cette étude analyse les possibilités d'obtenir des estimations de transmissivitéà partir de données d'air-lift dans des roches de socle en Suède, au mieux à un facteur 10 près par rapport aux données d'excellente qualité fournies par des essais d'injection. La précision attendue des résultats a été examinée analytiquement et grâce à des méthodes statistiques. Les résultats ont aussi été comparés aux données d'essais d'injection. Les résultats indiquent que les données obtenues par air-lift fournissent des estimations de transmissivitéà un facteur 10 près par comparaison avec celles des essais d'injection des exemples étudiés. L'étude montre aussi que la pénétration partielle et la fracturation hydraulique peuvent affecter les estimations seulement d'environ un facteur 5. Ainsi, le recours à des données existantes peut être économiquement plus intéressant que le recueil de nouvelles données dans les premières étapes des études hydrogéologiques. Resumen Los estudios hidrogeológicos, en general, y las estimaciones de propiedades hidráulicas en rocas, en particular, requieren gran cantidad de datos. En muchos países se han creado grandes bases de datos hidrogeológicos, recogidos y almacenados a lo largo de los años. Por tanto, el uso de los datos ya existentes, aunque imprecisos, puede suponer una alternativa barata a la recopilación de nuevos datos, particularmente en las primeras fases de un estudio hidrogeológico. Sin embargo la precisión y utilidad del método deben analizarse para cada caso específico. En este estudio se contempla la posibilidad de, a partir de datos de ensayos de inyección de aire realizados en Suecia, obtener valores estimativos de transmisividad dentro del orden de magnitud de los

A new air quality monitoring and early warning system: Air quality assessment and air pollutant concentration prediction.

Science.gov (United States)

Yang, Zhongshan; Wang, Jian

2017-10-01

Air pollution in many countries is worsening with industrialization and urbanization, resulting in climate change and affecting people's health, thus, making the work of policymakers more difficult. It is therefore both urgent and necessary to establish amore scientific air quality monitoring and early warning system to evaluate the degree of air pollution objectively, and predict pollutant concentrations accurately. However, the integration of air quality assessment and air pollutant concentration prediction to establish an air quality system is not common. In this paper, we propose a new air quality monitoring and early warning system, including an assessment module and forecasting module. In the air quality assessment module, fuzzy comprehensive evaluation is used to determine the main pollutants and evaluate the degree of air pollution more scientifically. In the air pollutant concentration prediction module, a novel hybridization model combining complementary ensemble empirical mode decomposition, a modified cuckoo search and differential evolution algorithm, and an Elman neural network, is proposed to improve the forecasting accuracy of six main air pollutant concentrations. To verify the effectiveness of this system, pollutant data for two cities in China are used. The result of the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation shows that the major air pollutants in Xi'an and Jinan are PM 10 and PM 2.5 respectively, and that the air quality of Xi'an is better than that of Jinan. The forecasting results indicate that the proposed hybrid model is remarkably superior to all benchmark models on account of its higher prediction accuracy and stability. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Indoor air quality investigation at air-conditioned and non-air-conditioned markets in Hong Kong

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Guo, H.; Lee, S.C.; Chan, L.Y.

2004-01-01

To characterize indoor air quality at the markets in Hong Kong, three non-air-conditioned and two air-conditioned markets were selected for this study. The indoor air pollutants measured included PM 10 (particulate matters with aerodynamic diameter less than 10 μm), total bacteria count (TBC), carbon monoxide (CO), nitric oxide (NO), nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ) and sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ). The indoor and outdoor concentrations of these target air pollutants at these markets were measured and compared. The effects of air conditioning, temperature/relative humidity variation and different stalls on the indoor air quality were also investigated. The results indicated that all of the average indoor concentrations of PM 10 , TBC, CO and NO 2 at the markets were below the Hong Kong Indoor Air Quality Objectives (HKIAQO) standards with a few exceptions for PM 10 and TBC. The elevated PM 10 concentrations at Hung Hom, Ngau Tau Kok and Wan Chai markets were probably due to the air filtration of outdoor airborne particulates emitted from vehicular exhaust, whereas high concentrations of airborne bacteria at Sai Ying Pun and Tin Shing markets were linked to the use of air conditioning. Correlation analysis demonstrated that indoor bacteria concentrations were correlated with temperature and relative humidity. The operation of air conditioning did not significantly reduce the levels of air pollutants at the markets. However, the higher indoor/outdoor ratios demonstrated that the operation of air conditioning had influence on the levels of bacteria at the markets. It was found that average PM 10 concentration at poultry stalls was higher than the HKIAQO standard of 180 μg/m 3 , and was over two times that measured at vegetable, fish and meat stalls. Furthermore, the concentration of airborne bacteria at the poultry stalls was as high as 1031 CFU/m 3 , which was above the HKIAQO standard of 1000 CFU/m 3 . The bacteria levels at other three stalls were all below the HKIAQO standard

Pure Air`s Bailly scrubber: A four-year retrospective

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Manavi, G.B.; Vymazal, D.C. [Pure Air, Allentown, PA (United States); Sarkus, T.A. [Dept. of Energy, Pittsburgh, PA (United States)

1997-12-31

Pure Air`s Advanced Flue Gas Desulfurization (AFGD) Clean Coal Project has completed four highly successful years of operation at NIPSCO`s Bailly Station. As part of their program, Pure Air has concluded a six-part study of system performance. This paper summarizes the results of the demonstration program, including AFGD performance on coals ranging from 2.0--2.4% sulfur. The paper highlights novel aspects of the Bailly facility, including pulverized limestone injection, air rotary sparger for oxidation, wastewater evaporation system and the production of PowerChip{reg_sign} gypsum. Operations and maintenance which have led to the facility`s notable 99.47% availability record are also discussed. A project company, Pure Air on the Lake Limited Partnership, owns the AFGD facility. Pure Air was the turn key contractor and Air Products and Chemicals, Inc. is the operator of the AFGD system.

Life cycle assessment. Specific indicators for Italy in impact evaluation; Life cycle assessment: sviluppo di indicatori specific per l'Italia per la fase di valutazione d'impatto

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Masoni, P [ENEA, Centro Ricerche Casaccia, S. Maria di Galeria, RM (Italy). Dipt. Energia; Scimia, E [Bologna Univ., Bologna (Italy)

1999-07-01

After a brief recall and a short description of the LCA (life cycle assessment) methodology, the work is focused on the impact assessment step, discussing the state of the art and a critical identification of environmental indicators, of normalization and weighting principles for the different environmental categories specific for Italy. The application methodology to a case study concerning the production of butter by the Consorzio Granterre of Modena (Italy) is also described. [Italian] Il lavoro analizza la fase centrale della metodologia denominata valutazione d'impatto, resentando una rassegna dello stato dell'arte e un'individuazione critica dei possibili indicatori ambientali, di criteri di normalizzazione e di attribuzione di pesi ai diversi temi ambientali specific per l'Italia. Viene descritta l'applicazione ad un caso concreto relativo alla produzione del burro nel consorzio Granterre di Modena.

DAMPAK LIMBAH CAIR HASIL PENGOLAHAN EMAS TERHADAP KUALITAS AIR SUNGAI DAN CARA MENGURANGI DAMPAK DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN ZEOLIT (The Impact of Liquid Waste of Gold Processing in the River Water Quality and The Method for Minimizing the Impact by Using Zeolite

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Candra Agus

2005-03-01

Full Text Available ABSTRAK Kegiatan penambangan emas oleh masyarakat di desa Jendi telah dilakukan sejak 1993. Meskipun telah menyediakan lapangan kerja untuk masyarakat lokal, kegiatan tersebut menurunkan kualitas lingkungan, khususnya sungai, karena penggunaan merkuri. Dalam hal ini penggunaan merkuri dalam proses pengambilan emas murni dari batuan telah mempengaruhi air sungai sehingga memiliki kandungan 0,002-1 mg/l Hg;0,05 mg/l Pb; 0,4 mg/l Cu and 28,39 mg/l Fe. Berdasarkan peraturan -pemerintah No. 822001 tentang pengelolaan kualitas air dan air irigasi, konstituen metal tersebut telah melebihi baku mutu air. Penggunaan mineral zeolite sebagai adsorben pada proses penambangan emas tradisional menunjukkan bahwa zeolit dengan ukuran 80- 100 mesh dapat mengurangi kadar hg sehingga masuk ke dalam baku mutu air.   ABSTRACT The gold mine activity of people in jendi village has been conducted since 1993. Even though this activity provide job for the local people. It will degrade the environmental quality especially river, because of Mercury use. The use of Mercury in the process to extract natural gold from concentrate of rock mill affects river water because it contains 0.002-1 mg/l Hg; 0,05 mg/l Pb; 0,4 mg/l Cu and 28,39 mg/l Fe. Based on the Government Regulation No. 82/2001 Concerning the Management of Water Quality and Irrigation water, those metal constituents have already been above the water standard quality. Using mineral zeolite as adsorbent on the traditional gold processing showed that zeolite with size 80-100 mesh could reduce the content of Hg, Pb, Cu, and Fe, which fall within the water standard quality.

Separação de fases induzida por meio de reação química no sistema éter diglicidílico do bisfenol A e piperidina com poli(metacrilato de metila Phase separation induced by chemical reaction in the system of diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A and piperidine with poly(methyl methacrylate

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Filiberto González Garcia

2003-12-01

Full Text Available O comportamento da separação de fases e da gelificação do sistema epoxídico, constituído pelo éter diglicidílico do bisfenol A (DGEBA e a piperidina, modificado com poli(metacrilato de metila (PMMA, foi estudado na faixa de temperatura de 60 °C - 120 °C. A concentração de PMMA e a temperatura de cura causam mudanças significativas na morfologia gerada. A massa molecular de PMMA provoca ligeiras mudanças para a observação da separação de fases e não afeta a velocidade da reação. O sistema modificado com PMMA mostra o efeito de retardação cinético e a velocidade de separação de fases é maior que a velocidade de polimerização.The phase separation and gelification behavior of epoxy system based on diglycidyl ether of bisphenol-A (DGEBA and piperidine modified with poly(methyl methacrylate (PMMA were studied in the range between 60 °C and 120 °C. The morphology is influenced by the PMMA content in the blend and also by the cure temperature. The molecular weight of PMMA provokes slight changes on cloud point and does not affect the reaction rate. The systems modified by PMMA exhibited kinetic retardation effect but the cloud point rate was higher than the polymerization rate.

Heat Recovery Ventilation for Housing: Air-to-Air Heat Exchangers.

Science.gov (United States)

Corbett, Robert J.; Miller, Barbara

The air-to-air heat exchanger (a fan powered ventilation device that recovers heat from stale outgoing air) is explained in this six-part publication. Topic areas addressed are: (1) the nature of air-to-air heat exchangers and how they work; (2) choosing and sizing the system; (3) installation, control, and maintenance of the system; (4) heat…

Celda de combustible: análisis teórico del rendimiento eléctrico de hidrógeno almacenado en fase sólida

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

I. A. Vértiz-Maldonado

2012-01-01

Full Text Available En este trabajo se presenta una metodología para determinar el efecto del almacenamiento de hidrógeno en una estructura de fase sólida formada por hidruro de magnesio (acumulación de hidrógeno. Se realiza un análisis comparativo del porcentaje teórico que es capaz de almacenar en peso este hidruro que es del 7.59%, mientras que el obtenido en un experimento de hidruración es de 5.955% en peso. Lo anterior se llevó acabo con el fin de determinar el rendimiento de energía acumulada en 1000 g de MgH2, para así, al determinar el volumen de hidrógeno almacenado y que esté en condición de establecer el tiempo de funcionamiento de diversos motores operando a distintos voltajes, así como, efectos de trabajo, tales como: tiempo de funcionamiento y energía consumida.

Identificación metalográfica de fases en una junta soldada de acero estructural microaleado y su influencia en el mecanismo de fractura

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Porras-Arévalo, G. O.

2005-12-01

Full Text Available This study seeks to characterize the present phases through welded joint zones of structural steel and to describe the fracture mechanism, offering a support to the metallic construction industry. In most cases, structural designers associate weldments in this construction type with the brittleness in its structure, with the drop toughness and with a high collapse risk for the ductile-brittle transition.

Este estudio pretende caracterizar las fases presentes a través de las zonas de una junta soldada de acero estructural y describir el mecanismo de fractura, ofreciendo un soporte a la industria de la construcción metálica. En la mayoría de los casos, la utilización de la soldadura en este tipo de construcción se asocia, por los diseñadores estructurales, con la fragilidad de su estructura, con la baja tenacidad y con un alto riesgo de colapso por la transición dúctil-frágil.

Impact of alcohol intoxication and withdrawal syndrome on social phobia and panic disorder in alcoholic inpatients Impacto das fases de intoxicação e de abstinência de álcool sobre a fobia social e o transtorno de pânico em pacientes alcoolistas hospitalizados

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Mauro Barbosa Terra

2004-01-01

Full Text Available PURPOSE: To investigate the impact of alcohol intoxication and withdrawal on the course of social phobia and panic disorder. METHOD: A group of 41 alcoholic inpatients undergoing detoxification therapy were interviewed using the SCID-I (DSM-IV and questions to detect fluctuations in the course of social phobia and panic disorder as a function of the different phases in alcohol dependence (intoxication, withdrawal, and lucid interval. RESULTS: Only 1 (2.4% patient presented panic disorder throughout life, and 9 (21.9% had panic attacks during alcohol intoxication or during the withdrawal syndrome. Sixteen (39% alcoholic patients showed social phobia with onset prior to drug use. However, drinking eventually became unable to alleviate social phobia symptoms or worsened such symptoms in 31.2% of social-phobic patients. While patients with social phobia reported a significant improvement in psychiatric symptoms during alcohol intoxication, patients experiencing panic attacks worsened significantly during intoxication. In the withdrawal phase, patients with social phobia tended to have more and more intense phobic symptoms. CONCLUSION: Our findings indicate that the impact of alcohol intoxication is different for social phobia as compared to panic disorder, at first decreasing the social-phobic symptoms but later aggravating them. In panic disorder, the impact of intoxication by alcohol is more harmful, at least in the short term.OBJETIVO: Estudar o impacto das fases de intoxicação e de abstinência do uso de álcool sobre o curso da fobia social e do transtorno de pânico. MÉTODO: Um grupo de 41 pacientes hospitalizados por dependência de álcool foi entrevistado com o SCID-I (DSM-IV, adicionado de perguntas para detectar as flutuações no curso da fobia social e do transtorno do pânico em função das diferentes fases do uso da droga (intoxicação, abstinência e intervalo lúcido. RESULTADOS: Apenas um (2,4% paciente, apresentou transtorno

A influência das fases oral e faríngea na dinâmica da deglutição The influence of oral and pharyngeal phases on the swallowing dynamic

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Elaine Keiko Yamada

2004-03-01

Full Text Available RACIONAL: Embora a dinâmica da deglutição ocorra de forma integrada, a fase oral não tem sido tão valorizada quanto a fase faríngea. OBJETIVOS: Avaliar, através do método videofluoroscópico, a fase oral da deglutição, para observar as características da organização do bolo líquido em voluntários sadios e as variações desta organização em exames de pacientes disfágicos. Estabelecer a inter-relação funcional dos estágios de organização e ejeção oral do bolo. Verificar a presença (ou ausência de interferência do binômio organização/ejeção oral, sobre a fase faríngea da deglutição. CASUÍSTICA E MÉTODO: Analisaram-se os exames videofluoroscópicos de 44 indivíduos; destes, 14 eram adultos, voluntários sadios, e 30 disfágicos, sendo 15 pacientes com seqüelas de acidente vascular encefálico e 15 com doença de Parkinson. Todos os indivíduos estudados foram submetidos a avaliação videofluoroscópica da dinâmica da deglutição seguindo protocolo descrito por Junqueira e Costa. Privilegiou-se a incidência em perfil direito com meio de contraste líquido (solução de sulfato de bário. RESULTADOS: Segundo a organização intra-oral do bolo contrastado, pôde-se classificar a organização oral como: fechada, aberta, que pode ser subdividida em anterior e ântero-superior, alongada e instável. A ejeção pode ser definida como: adequada, lentificada e em dois tempos. A correlação entre a dinâmica oral representada pela organiza��ão e a dinâmica faríngea pode ser percebida como: adequada, adaptada e alterada. Os diversos tipos de organização e ejeção, assim como as correlações observadas, mostram-se estatisticamente significantes. CONCLUSÕES: A organização do tipo fechada é a que se caracterizou como normal. Organizações aberta ântero-superior, alongada e instável revelam alteração no processo da deglutição. As ejeções dos tipos lentificada e dois tempos também denotam

Avaliação da eficiência do ultrassom no processo de separação de fases em água produzida e em emulsões sintéticas do tipo O/A

OpenAIRE

Ronchi, Renata Peterle

2014-01-01

Um grande problema das indústrias petrolíferas está relacionado ao desenvolvimento de tecnologias eficazes para o tratamento da água produzida proveniente da etapa de processamento primário, apresentando-se como emulsões estáveis do tipo óleo/água. Este estudo descreve uma metodologia de síntese de emulsões do tipo óleo em água, e aplica testes com ultrassom, para avaliar a capacidade desta técnica em propor uma separação de fases e consequente redução do Teor de Óleos e Gra...

El tacto como factor de humanización en la fase terminal Tact as a humanization factor during the terminal phase

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Tiberio Alvarez Echeverri

1993-03-01

Full Text Available

Se hace una descripción del tacto como el sentido que aparece más precozmente durante la vida embrionaria y de su significado para el desarrollo armónico de la personalidad y como forma de comunicación Interhumana. Se discute cuándo es apropiado el tacto en las relaciones con los demás; se describen sus cualidades y niveles comunicativos. Finalmente, se destaca la importancia del sentido del tacto como una forma muy efectiva de comunicación con el enfermo en fase terminal.

The sense of touch is the first one to appear during embryonic Life and Its significance for the armonic development of personality and as an effective mean of communication are described, as well as, the appropiateness of touching in the relationship between persons and the quality and communicative levels of tact. Finally, the relevance of tact for communicating with terminal patients is emphasized.

Manejo de irrigação para o feijão-de-metro, nas fases vegetativa e produtiva, em ambiente protegido Irrigation scheduling for asparagus bean in vegetative and productive stages in greenhouse

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Wellington G. da Silva

2012-09-01

Full Text Available O manejo adequado da irrigação é uma prática agrícola que requer informações para cada cultura explorada, em particular nas fases fenológicas do ciclo produtivo pois muitas espécies possuem períodos críticos durante os quais o estresse hídrico causa sérias reduções na produção. Este trabalho teve, como objetivo, avaliar o efeito de cinco níveis de potencial matricial de água no solo sobre o crescimento e produção do feijão-de-metro. O experimento foi conduzido em casa de vegetação, na área experimental pertencente ao Departamento de Engenharia da Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, MG. O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos casualizados, em esquema fatorial 5 x 2, com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos foram constituídos de cinco potenciais matriciais de água no solo como indicativos do momento de irrigar (-15, -35, -55, -75 e -95 kPa, em duas fases fenológicas (vegetativa e produtiva, monitorados por sensores instalados a 0,15 m de profundidade. Os resultados permitiram concluir que a fase mais sensível ao déficit hídrico foi a produtiva e que a irrigação realizada no potencial matricial em torno de -15 kPa induziu a melhor resposta da cultura quanto ao desenvolvimento, produção e qualidade das vagens.Proper irrigation water management requires knowledge on each exploited crop; particularly regarding vegetative and productive phases since many species have critical periods during which water stress causes serious yield reductions. This study was undertaken so as to assess the effect of five matric potential levels on asparagus bean growth and yield. The experiment was conducted under greenhouse conditions at the experimental area of Department of Engineering, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, MG. The experimental design was randomized blocks in factorial 5 x 2. The treatments consisted of five matric potentials as indicative of the irrigation scheduling -15 -35 -55 -75 -95 kPa and at two

Strength of smoke-free air laws and indoor air quality.

Science.gov (United States)

Lee, Kiyoung; Hahn, Ellen J; Robertson, Heather E; Lee, Seongjik; Vogel, Suzann L; Travers, Mark J

2009-04-01

Smoke-free air laws have been implemented in many Kentucky communities to protect the public from the harmful effects of secondhand smoke exposure. The impact of different strengths of smoke-free air laws on indoor air quality was assessed. Indoor air quality in hospitality venues was assessed in seven communities before and after comprehensive smoke-free air laws and in two communities only after partial smoke-free air laws. One community was measured three times: before any smoke-free air law, after the initial partial law, and after the law was strengthened to cover all workplaces and public places with few exemptions. Real-time measurements of particulate matters with 2.5 mum aerodynamic diameter or smaller (PM(2.5)) were obtained. When comprehensive smoke-free air laws were implemented, indoor PM(2.5) concentrations decreased significantly from 161 to 20 microg/m3. In one community that implemented a comprehensive smoke-free law after initially passing a partial law, indoor PM(2.5) concentrations were 304 microg/m3 before the law, 338 microg/m3 after the partial law, and 9 microg/m3 after the comprehensive law. The study clearly demonstrated that partial smoke-free air laws do not improve indoor air quality. A significant linear trend indicated that PM(2.5) levels in the establishments decreased with fewer numbers of burning cigarettes. Only comprehensive smoke-free air laws are effective in reducing indoor air pollution from secondhand tobacco smoke.

Air Abrasion

Science.gov (United States)

... Chapters What Is Air Abrasion? What Happens? The Pros and Cons Will I Feel Anything? Is Air ... will perform any procedures that use air-abrasion technology. Ask your dentist if he or she uses ...

Pobreza y desempeño ejecutivo en alumnos preescolares de la ciudad de Buenos Aires (Republica Argentina

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Sebastián Javier Lipina

2004-01-01

Full Text Available El estudio de los efectos de la pobreza sobre el desempeño cognitivo durante las primeras fases del desarrollo, ha sido efectuado predominantemente en base a la definición de pobreza según el ingreso y el uso de paradigmas de inteligencia basados en la hipótesis de un factor general de funcionamiento cognitivo. En el presente trabajo se utilizó el concepto de Necesidades Básicas Insatisfechas (NBI como criterio de pobreza y se aplicó un paradigma cognitivo de funcionamiento ejecutivo proveniente de la Neurociencia. El mismo plantea el análisis de componentes de comportamientos inteligentes orientados hacia objetivos y asociados a la activación de circuitos cerebrales que involucran centralmente a la región prefrontal. Se comparó el desempeño ejecutivo de 247 niños escolarizados de 3 a 5 años de edad, provenientes de hogares pobres (NBI y no pobres o con Necesidades Básicas Satisfechas (NBS, y de jardines de infantes del Distrito Escolar 4 de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires (Boca-Barracas y de distritos escolares de Vicente López y San Isidro del Gran Buenos Aires (Argentina. Se administró una batería de pruebas que evalúan componentes de flexibilidad cognitiva, logro de objetivos y control atencional. Los resultados obtenidos muestran perfiles de desempeño diferentes entre ambos grupos. El perfil de desempeño menos eficiente en términos de las variables estudiadas se observó en el grupo de niños proveniente de hogares pobres. Estos resultados constituyen un aporte significativo de un paradigma neurocientífico para la implementación de estrategias de intervención orientadas a estimular el funcionamiento cognitivo de tipo ejecutivo de niños de edad preescolar.

The urban air; L'air de la ville

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2002-07-01

This paper presents the abstracts of conferences proposed during the meeting on the urban air, organized by the French Meteorological Society in november 2002. These conferences dealt with the air quality monitoring, the public health impacts, the air pollution in function of the meteorological effects, the pollutants, the main factors of the air quality and the models of the meteorology. (A.L.B.)

Released air during vapor and air cavitation

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Jablonská, Jana, E-mail: jana.jablonska@vsb.cz; Kozubková, Milada, E-mail: milada.kozubkova@vsb.cz [VŠB-Technical University of Ostrava, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Department of Hydromechanics and Hydraulic Equipment, 17. listopadu 15, 708 33 Ostrava-Poruba (Czech Republic)

2016-06-30

Cavitation today is a very important problem that is solved by means of experimental and mathematical methods. The article deals with the generation of cavitation in convergent divergent nozzle of rectangular cross section. Measurement of pressure, flow rate, temperature, amount of dissolved air in the liquid and visualization of cavitation area using high-speed camera was performed for different flow rates. The measurement results were generalized by dimensionless analysis, which allows easy detection of cavitation in the nozzle. For numerical simulation the multiphase mathematical model of cavitation consisting of water and vapor was created. During verification the disagreement with the measurements for higher flow rates was proved, therefore the model was extended to multiphase mathematical model (water, vapor and air), due to release of dissolved air. For the mathematical modeling the multiphase turbulence RNG k-ε model for low Reynolds number flow with vapor and air cavitation was used. Subsequently the sizes of the cavitation area were verified. In article the inlet pressure and loss coefficient depending on the amount of air added to the mathematical model are evaluated. On the basis of the approach it may be create a methodology to estimate the amount of released air added at the inlet to the modeled area.

Air

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gugele, B.; Scheider, J.; Spangl, W.

2001-01-01

In recent years several regulations and standards for air quality and limits for air pollution were issued or are in preparation by the European Union, which have severe influence on the environmental monitoring and legislation in Austria. This chapter of the environmental control report of Austria gives an overview about the legal situation of air pollution control in the European Union and in specific the legal situation in Austria. It gives a comprehensive inventory of air pollution measurements for the whole area of Austria of total suspended particulates, ozone, volatile organic compounds, nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, heavy metals, benzene, dioxin, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and eutrophication. For each of these pollutants the measured emission values throughout Austria are given in tables and geographical charts, the environmental impact is discussed, statistical data and time series of the emission sources are given and legal regulations and measures for an effective environmental pollution control are discussed. In particular the impact of fossil-fuel power plants on the air pollution is analyzed. (a.n.)

KINERJA INDUSTRI KAYU LAPIS DI KALIMANTAN SELATAN MENUJU EKOEFISIENSI Performance of Plywood Industry in South Kalimantan Towards Ecoefficiency

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Darni Subari

2016-09-01

Full Text Available Penelitian ini bertuiuan untuk mendapatkan gambaran umum kineria industri lapis di Kalimantan Selatan saat ini.  Penelitian dilaksanakan dengan mengamati data industri kayu lapis di Kalsel saat ini dan detail pengamatan pada 3 (tiga industri, yaitu PT. SST, PT. WTU dan PT. BIC. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa industri kayu lapis umumnva memiliki kesamaan dalam proses dan mesin produksinya. Dari ke 3 industri kayu lapis yang diteliti vang membedakan adalah macam produk dan bahan baku kayunva. Efektifitas mesin dan proses masih cukup tinggi dengan rata-rata efisiensi mesin > 90% dan rendemen rata-rata ± 64%. Dalam penanganan aspek lingkungan, industri kavu lapis mempunyai kesamaan dalam hal penanganan limbahnva.  Penanganan limbah kayu dengan memanfaatkan kembali sebagian limbah kayu sebagai produk blockboard dan sisanva sebagai bahan bakar boiler. Untuk penanganan limbah cair. yaitu menggunakan kolam treatment dengan pencapaian mutu mengacu SK Gubernur Kalsel Nomor 036 tahun 2008 tentang Baku Mutu Limbah Cair bagi Kegiatan Industri dan penanganan limbah debu dengan teknologi penyedot debu dan filter pada cerobong, sehingga emisi memenuhi baku mutu (SK Gubernur Kalsel Nomor 70 tahun 2008 tentang Baku Mutu Emisi. Kata kunci: industri plywood, proses produksi, hasil dan kualitas, limbah cair

Air pollution and the school air environment

OpenAIRE

Fsadni, Peter; Montefort, Stephen

2015-01-01

There is growing concern about the association of school indoor air quality (SIAQ) with asthma, rhinitis, and rhinoconjunctivitis. Students and school staff deserve the highest standards of school air quality to ensure a safe and productive environment for our children’s education. Existing studies highlight the presence of several air pollutants present within school classrooms that have a direct association with poor health and poor student performance. Very little data exist ab...

Seleção de genótipos de arroz tolerantes à salinidade durante a fase vegetativa Selection of genotypes of salinity tolerance rice during the vegetative phase

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Palmira Cabral Sales de Melo

2006-02-01

Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o grau de tolerância e sensibilidade à salinidade de genótipos de arroz durante a fase vegetativa da planta. O experimento foi conduzido sob condições de telado, nas dependências da Empresa Pernambucana de Pesquisa Agropecuária-IPA (Recife-PE, em 1996. Foram avaliados doze genótipos de arroz, sendo dez tolerantes e dois sensíveis à salinidade no estádio de desenvolvimento vegetativo. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos ao acaso com arranjo fatorial (doze genótipos x quatro níveis de NaCl, em três repetições. Os resultados constataram existência de variabilidade entre os genótipos de arroz na população estudada para tolerância e sensibilidade à salinidade. As linhagens PR492, PR504, CNA8250, CNA8262 e CNA8267 são tolerantes e a CNA8270, CNA8258, CNA8269, PR475 e PR477 são sensíveis à salinidade dos solos durante a fase vegetativa.The objective of this work was to evaluate the degree of tolerance and sensibility to the salinity of genoty,pes of rice (Oryza sativa L. during the vegetative phase of the plant. The experiment was lead under greenhouse conditions at IPA (Empresa Pernambucana de Pesquisa Agropecuária, in 1996. Twelve genotypes of rice had been evaluated, being ten tolerant and two sensible ones to salinity in the vegetative development stadium. The randomized blocks design were performed into three repetitions of factorials arrangements (twelve genotypes x four levels of NaCl. Results had evidenced variability existence among the genotypes of rice, in the specific population, for tolerance and sensitivity to the salinity. Samples PR492, PR504, CNA8250, CNA8262 and CNA8267 can be considered tolerant to salinity, while the genotypes CNA8270, CNA8258, CNA8269, PR475 and PR477 are sensible to salinity of soil during the vegetative phase.

ZONASI POTENSI PENCEMARAN AIR TANAH PADA TERAS SUNGAI CODE YOGYAKARTA (Zoning The Potential Groundwater Pollution at Code River Terrace, Yogyakarta

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Frista Yorhanita

2001-08-01

Full Text Available ABSTRAK Tujuan penelitian ini ialah untuk membuktikan bahwa biomassa Fusarium sp dapat mereduksi Cr(VI, dan biomassa Aspergillus niger dapat digunakan untuk mengambil ion krom dari larutan. Fusarium.sp ditumbuhkan pada media cair kentang dekftosa cair, ditambah K2Cr2O7 atau sludge limbah penyamakan kulit. Selanjutnya diamati perubahan warnanya, bila terjadi perubahan warna dan oranye ke ungu atau tak berwarna maka telah terjadi reduksi krom valensi VI menjadi krom valensi Ill. Aspergillus niger ditumbuhkan pada media Potato dectrose agar (PDA padat, dipindahkan ke media cair yang bensi bakto pepton, bakto dektrose dan srukronutrien. Produksi biomassa dilakukan pada labu erlenmeyer; setelah 5 hari dipanen dan dibuat bubuk. Bubuk ini digunakan untuk mengambil krom dari larutan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa biomassa Fusarium sp dapat digunakan untuk mengambil krom dan larutan yang.mengandung KrCrrO, atau sludge limbah penyamakan kulit. Waktu inkubasi yang lebih lama meningkatkan absorbsi krom oleh biomassa Fascrium sp. Fusarium sp mampu mereduksi Cr(VI menjadi Cr(Iii. Biomassa Aspergillus niger dapat digunakan untuk mengambil krom dari larutan. Hasil terbaik diperoleh pada konsentrasi awal 100 mg/I, pada pH 2,0, berat biomassa 0,1 g, dan waktu kontak 12 jam, yaitu 96,23% untuk Cr(II| dan96,3 % untuk Cr(VI. Fusarium sp. dan A. niger dapat digunakan sebagai bioremediator dalam penanganan limbah penyamakan kulit secara biologi.   ABSTRACT The study area of this research was parts of the code river terraces, Yogyakarta. The aims of this research were as follows: (1 to determine the part of the code river terrace which has potential groundwater pollution; (2 to assess the natural physical factors (aquifer materials, depth of groundwater table, and the groundwater flow distance and the non-natural physical factors of environmental sanitation (houses density, population density, horizontal distance between pollution source and well, and the number

Advances in Understanding Air Pollution and Cardiovascular Diseases: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis and Air Pollution (MESA Air)

Science.gov (United States)

Kaufman, Joel D.; Spalt, Elizabeth W.; Curl, Cynthia L.; Hajat, Anjum; Jones, Miranda R.; Kim, Sun-Young; Vedal, Sverre; Szpiro, Adam A.; Gassett, Amanda; Sheppard, Lianne; Daviglus, Martha L.; Adar, Sara D.

2016-01-01

The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis and Air Pollution (MESA Air) leveraged the platform of the MESA cohort into a prospective longitudinal study of relationships between air pollution and cardiovascular health. MESA Air researchers developed fine-scale, state-of-the-art air pollution exposure models for the MESA Air communities, creating individual exposure estimates for each participant. These models combine cohort-specific exposure monitoring, existing monitoring systems, and an extensive database of geographic and meteorological information. Together with extensive phenotyping in MESA—and adding participants and health measurements to the cohort—MESA Air investigated environmental exposures on a wide range of outcomes. Advances by the MESA Air team included not only a new approach to exposure modeling but also biostatistical advances in addressing exposure measurement error and temporal confounding. The MESA Air study advanced our understanding of the impact of air pollutants on cardiovascular disease and provided a research platform for advances in environmental epidemiology. PMID:27741981

Report on the Uranium Mine Radiation Safety Course

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

1987-06-01

Since 1981 the Canadian Institute for Radiation Safety (CAIRS) has administered a semi-annual course on radiation safety in uranium mines under contract to and in consultation with the Atomic Energy Control Board (AECB). The course is intended primarily for representatives from mining companies, regulatory agencies, unions, and mine and mill workers. By the terms of its contract with the AECB, CAIRS is required to submit a report on each course it conducts. This is the report on the June 1987 course. It lists the course objectives and the timetable, outlines for each lecture, the lecturers' resumes, and the participants. The students' evaluations of the course are included

Air Baltic: Estonian Air on nurka surutud / Teele Tammeorg

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Tammeorg, Teele

2010-01-01

Air Balticu asepresidendi Janis Vanagsi hinnangul on Estonian Air aastaid jätnud tähelepanuta oma peamised turismiturud ning on praegu halvas seisus. Air Baltic on endiselt huvitatud Estonian Airi ostust. Majandus- ja kommunikatsiooniminister Juhan Partsi seisukoht

Influência da mobilidade materna na duração da fase ativa do trabalho de parto Influence of maternal mobility on duration of the active phase of labor

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Eliane Bio

2006-11-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVOS: investigar a influência da mobilidade da parturiente durante a fase ativa do trabalho de parto. MÉTODOS: foi realizado ensaio clínico controlado prospectivo, com análise comparativa entre um grupo de tratamento (n=50 e um grupo controle (n=50, no Centro Obstétrico do Hospital Universitário da Universidade de São Paulo (USP. Os critérios de inclusão foram: primigestas com feto único em apresentação cefálica; idade gestacional entre 37 e 42 semanas; parturientes com pelo menos duas contrações a cada dez minutos e cérvico-dilatação de até 4 cm, além da concordância em assinar o termo de consentimento livre e esclarecido. A evolução para cesárea foi critério de exclusão. Foram acompanhadas por fisioterapeuta durante toda a fase ativa e orientadas a manterem-se em posição vertical e em movimento, de acordo com a fase da dilatação cervical e a descida fetal no canal de parto. O grupo controle teve acompanhamento obstétrico sem a presença do fisioterapeuta. Este grupo foi selecionado retrospectivamente, a partir dos registros de prontuário, seguindo os mesmos critérios de inclusão e exclusão. RESULTADOS: foram acompanhadas 58 primigestas entre 15 e 37 anos. Dessas, 50 mulheres (86,2% evoluíram para parto vaginal, sendo que oito (13,7% evoluíram para cesárea e foram excluídas do estudo. Entre as 50 parturientes acompanhadas, a média de duração da fase ativa foi de cinco horas e 16 minutos, enquanto no grupo controle foi de oito horas e 28 minutos (pPURPOSE: to investigate the influence of the maternal mobility during the active phase of labor. METHODS: a prospective clinical trial was conducted through comparative analysis among a treatment group (n=50 and a control group (n=50, in the Obstetric Center of the Hospital Universitário da Universidade de São Paulo (USP. The inclusion criteria were: primigravidae with a single fetus on cephalic presentation, with 37 to 42 weeks of pregnancy, with two

Effect of salinity on growth and chemical composition of the diatom Thalassiosira weissflogii at three culture phases Efecto de la salinidad en el crecimiento y composición química de la diatomea Thalassiosira weissflogii en tres fases de cultivo

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Norma García

2012-07-01

presente estudio evaluó el efecto de diferentes salinidades (25, 30, 35, 40, 45 y 50 psu, sobre el crecimiento y la composición proximal de T. weissflogii en tres fases de cultivo, bajo condiciones de laboratorio. Las mayores tasas de crecimiento y la máxima densidad celular se obtuvieron a 25 psu. Se observó una reducción en tamaño y cambios en la morfología de las células a altas salinidades y los cambios drásticos ocurrieron a 50 psu. El contenido de proteínas y de carbohidratos fue más elevado a salinidades bajas (25 y 30 psu, durante la fase estacionaria de crecimiento. La producción de lípidos fue elevada a bajas salinidades y disminuyó a medida que cambiaba de fase; no se observó un efecto de las fases del cultivo sobre el contenido de lípidos en altas salinidades (≥ 35 psu. La mayor tasa de crecimiento y la mejor composición bioquímica se obtuvieron 25 y 30 psu.

Pemanfaatan Limbah Cair Industri Mie Instant Untuk Proses Pembuatan Sabun Mandi Cair

OpenAIRE

Sinaga, Markam A

2013-01-01

In the process of production, instant noodle industry using oil as a medium for frying stage. Cooking oil is a vegetable oil that has been purified and can be used as food. Cooking oil is one of the nine basic commodities consumed by the whole society. Consumption of cooking oil is usually used as a medium frying or food, flavor enhancer. In this research sample was take from the liquid waste that come from production process that contain an oil at the surface of the liquid. This Oil will be ...

Air leakage control in chief tunnel of uranium mines using air screen

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Xiao Gengsheng

1987-01-01

In this paper the results of air leakage control are described using air screen in the chief tunnels of some uranium mines. The air leakage decreases by 79-91% after using air screen. On the basis of mathematical treatment, the formulas for calculating the air resistance efficiency of air screen are presented

Air Conditioner/Dehumidifier

Science.gov (United States)

1986-01-01

An ordinary air conditioner in a very humid environment must overcool the room air, then reheat it. Mr. Dinh, a former STAC associate, devised a heat pipe based humidifier under a NASA Contract. The system used heat pipes to precool the air; the air conditioner's cooling coil removes heat and humidity, then the heat pipes restore the overcooled air to a comfortable temperature. The heat pipes use no energy, and typical savings are from 15-20%. The Dinh Company also manufactures a "Z" coil, a retrofit cooling coil which may be installed on an existing heater/air conditioner. It will also provide free hot water. The company has also developed a photovoltaic air conditioner and solar powered water pump.

Analysis of air safety in the European system of air traffic

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

О.Є. Луппо

2008-04-01

Full Text Available  Article describes air traffic safety provision requirements in the Air Traffic Management system of Europe. Consideration of air traffic variation which affecting the air traffic management operations have been reviewed.

Propuesta para disminuir la temperatura en la cabina del avión T-90 Calima

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Néstor Fabián Cedeño Niño

2015-10-01

Full Text Available La temperatura es un factor importante en el momento de realizar una labor; sí la sensación térmica no es agradable, un trabajo sencillo puede transformase en un trabajo complicado, donde se puede exponer la integridad de la persona. En las aeronaves de entrenamiento los pilotos no son ajenos a los inconvenientes de la exposición a una temperatura elevada generada por radiación solar, equipos, entre otros. Al incluir un sistema de refrigeración a la cabina de entrenamiento de la aeronave ésta se ve afectada en características como equilibrio, mayor consumo de combustible, disminución de la eficiencia debido al aumento de peso. En este artículo, se proponen tres formas de disminuir la temperatura en la cabina del avión T-90, en las diferentes fases de vuelo, que consisten en implementar tomas y salidas de aire, utilizar una película térmica para la cabina y desarrollar un dispositivo que permita la circulación de aire en la fase previa al despegue.

Advanced Architectures and Relatives of Air Electrodes in Zn–Air Batteries

Science.gov (United States)

Pan, Jing; Xu, Yang Yang; Yang, Huan; Dong, Zehua; Liu, Hongfang

2018-01-01

Abstract Zn–air batteries are becoming the promising power sources for portable and wearable electronic devices and hybrid/electric vehicles because of their high specific energy density and the low cost for next‐generation green and sustainable energy technologies. An air electrode integrated with an oxygen electrocatalyst is the most important component and inevitably determines the performance and cost of a Zn–air battery. This article presents exciting advances and challenges related to air electrodes and their relatives. After a brief introduction of the Zn–air battery, the architectures and oxygen electrocatalysts of air electrodes and relevant electrolytes are highlighted in primary and rechargeable types with different configurations, respectively. Moreover, the individual components and major issues of flexible Zn–air batteries are also highlighted, along with the strategies to enhance the battery performance. Finally, a perspective for design, preparation, and assembly of air electrodes is proposed for the future innovations of Zn–air batteries with high performance. PMID:29721418

Análise cinemática comparativa da fase de apoio da corrida em adultos e idosos Comparative kinematic analysis during the stance phase of running in adults and elderly

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Reginaldo Kisho Fukuchi

2008-01-01

Full Text Available A preocupação com a qualidade de vida tem levado ao aumento do interesse por atividades físicas pelos idosos. A corrida de rua é uma das atividades que obteve maior número de adeptos dessa faixa etária. Os movimentos excessivos da região do tornozelo têm sido associados às lesões musculoesqueléticas em corredores. Os achados da literatura sugerem que idosos são mais susceptíveis às lesões relacionadas à corrida do que adultos. Contudo, ainda é desconhecido se as alterações teciduais trazidas pelo envelhecimento realmente contribuem para esses resultados. O objetivo do presente estudo foi comparar a cinemática da fase de apoio da corrida em adultos e idosos. Foram analisados 17 adultos (31±5 anos e 17 idosos (69±2 anos recrutados voluntariamente. Os sujeitos correram em uma esteira ergométrica a 11 km/h, enquanto eram filmados por quatro câmeras de vídeo com freqüência de 120 Hz. Os ângulos do retropé e do joelho durante a fase de apoio da corrida foram mensurados. Os idosos apresentaram menor excursão de movimentos de flexão do joelho e de rotação medial da tíbia. Aparentemente os idosos apresentaram maior assincronia entre os movimentos do retropé e do joelho em relação aos adultos. Esses resultados sugerem que os idosos adotam padrões de movimentos diferentes dos adultos durante a fase de apoio da corrida. A prescrição de exercícios e as estratégias de prevenção de lesões em idosos corredores devem considerar essas diferenças.In elderly people, concern with quality of life has led to increased interest on physical activities, among which running or jogging in the streets is the favourite. In runners, excessive ankle movements have been linked to musculoskeletal injuries. Literature has suggested elderly runners are more susceptible to running-related injuries than adults, but it is still unknown whether aging-related tissue degeneration might be associated to this. This study aimed at comparing the

Hazardous Air Pollutants

Science.gov (United States)

... Search Main menu Environmental Topics Air Bed Bugs Chemicals and Toxics Environmental Information by Location Greener Living Health Land, ... regulate toxic air pollutants, also known as air toxics, from categories of industrial facilities in two phases . About Hazardous Air Pollutants ...

Air Leakage Rates in Typical Air Barrier Assemblies

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hun, Diana E. [Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States); Atchley, Jerald Allen [Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States); Childs, Phillip W. [Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)

2016-11-01

Estimates for 2010 indicate that infiltration in residential buildings was responsible for 2.85 quads of energy (DOE 2014), which is about 3% of the total energy consumed in the US. One of the mechanisms being implemented to reduce this energy penalty is the use of air barriers as part of the building envelope. These technologies decrease airflow through major leakage sites such as oriented strand board (OSB) joints, and gaps around penetrations (e.g., windows, doors, pipes, electrical outlets) as indicated by Hun et al. (2014). However, most air barrier materials do not properly address leakage spots such as wall-to-roof joints and wall-to-foundation joints because these are difficult to seal, and because air barrier manufacturers usually do not provide adequate instructions for these locations. The present study focuses on characterizing typical air leakage sites in wall assemblies with air barrier materials.

Toepassing van luchtbehandelingstechnieken binnen de intensieve veehouderij: Fase 2 : mogelijkheden tot kostenverlaging van wassers

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Melse, R.W.; Ogink, N.W.M.

2004-01-01

Pig and poultry houses are responsible for a large emission of ammonia. Ammonia emission can be reduced by scrubbers systems such as acid scrubbers and biotrickling filters. Currently, air treatment systems are dimensioned on basis of the maximum ventilation capacity of an animal house, which means

PERBANDINGAN DESAIN IPAL ANAEROBIC BIOFILTER DENGAN ROTATING BIOLOGICAL CONTACTOR UNTUK LIMBAH CAIR TEKSTIL DI SURABAYA

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Yogie Restu Firmansyah

2017-01-01

Full Text Available Effluen Instalasi Pengolahan Air Limbah (IPAL di Pabrik Tekstil X belum memenuhi kriteria yang ada, terutama untuk masalah warna. Sistem pengolahan IPAL menggunakan Anaerobic Biofilter memiliki kelebihan menyisihkan bahan organik yang tinggi, kebutuhan lahan yang relatif tidak besar, dan biaya operasi yang murah dibandingkan dengan sistem lumpur aktif yang menggunakan proses aerasi. Rotating Biological Contactor (RBC juga memiliki kelebihan yang sama dengan anaerobic biofilter. Perbandingan antara kedua sistem tersebut diperlukan untuk mengetahui sistem yang paling efektif untuk mengolah air limbah di Pabrik Textil X. Pengolahan adsorbsi batok arang kelapa dipilih untuk menghilangkan warna. Perencanaan ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode yang sistematis dimulai pengumpulan data primer dan sekunder yang berupa data karakteristik dan debit air limbah, lalu dilakukan perhitungan dan penggambaran Detail Engineering Desan (DED, volume pekerjaan dan Rancangan Anggaran Biaya (RAB, setelah itu dilakukan pembahasan untuk membandingkan kelebihan dan kekurangan dari unit anaerobic Biofilter yang dilengkapi adsorbsi arang batok kelapa dan Rotating Biological Contactor yang dilengkapi adsorbsi arang batok kelapa, lalu diambil kesimpulan dan saran yang relevan dengan tujuan dari perancanaan ini. Dari perhitungan DED didapat dimensi untuk masing masing unit IPAL sebagai berikut Bak ekualisasi (2,6 m x 2,6 m x 2 m, Septic tank (1,75 m x 1,5m x 2,5m, Anaerobic Filter 4 kompartemen (4,5m x 2,5m x 2,5m, , RBC 2 shaft  (2,75m x 2,75 m x 1m, Adsorbsi (3,5 mx 6,75m x 0,55m. Biaya investasi alternative 1 sebesar Rp   700.193.694,29, biaya operasi sebesar Rp 50.222.462,40, biaya perawatan sebesar Rp 3.495.000,00. Alternatif 2 biaya investasi sebesar Rp 777.526.655,53, biaya operasi sebesar Rp Rp 53.012.599,20  , biaya perawatan sebesar Rp 3.495.000,00. Kelebihan anaerobic filter adalah biaya investasi yang lebih kecil, kebutuhan lahan yang lebih sedikit yaitu

Detención fotoacústica de transiciones de fase en cerámicas ferroeléctricas

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Castañeda Guzmán, R.

1999-10-01

Full Text Available Phase transition on ferroelectric ceramics were detected by photoacoustic laser technique which allows the measurement of the Curie temperature and ferro-paraelectric transitions. The photoacoustic signal produced by low energy laser pulses using a piezoelectric transducer attached to the sample by a glass or quartz rod is shown. The developed technique requires nor signal amplification neither special preparation of the sample and have an excellent signal to noise ratio. In order to validate this technique it was applied to the measurement of Curie temperature of the PbSmTiO3 and Pb(MgNbTiO3 ceramics. These results were compared with those obtained by DTA, DMA and dielectric permittivity.

Se presenta una técnica fotoacústica de láser pulsado para detectar las transiciones de fase en cerámicas ferroeléctricas, determinando la temperatura de Curie y el cambio de estructura ferro-paraeléctrico. Se muestran los cambios producidos en las señales fotoacústicas generadas por láser pulsado de baja energía (< 200 μJ, utilizando para la detección un sensor piezoeléctrico pegado a la muestra por medio de una varilla de vidrio o cuarzo. La técnica desarrollada no requiere amplificación de la señal, ni preparación especial de la muestra y presenta una relación señal a ruido excelente. Para demostrar la validez de la técnica se aplicó al estudio de la determinación de la temperatura de Curie de las cerámicas: PbSmTiO3 y Pb(MgNbTiO3. Los resultados se comparan con los obtenidos por otras técnicas como son DTA, DMA y permitividad dieléctrica.

The results of air treatment process modeling at the location of the air curtain in the air suppliers and ventilation shafts

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Nikolaev Aleksandr

2017-01-01

Full Text Available In the existing shaft air heater installations (AHI, that heat the air for air suppliers in cold seasons, a heater channel is used. Some parts of the air from the heater go to the channel, other parts are sucked through a pithead by the general shaft pressure drawdown formed by the main ventilation installation (MVI. When this happens, a mix of two air flows leads to a shaft heat regime violation that can break pressurization of intertubular sealers. The problem of energy saving while airing underground mining enterprises is also very important. The proposed solution of both tasks due to the application of an air curtain is described in the article. In cold seasons the air treatment process should be used and it is offered to place an air curtain in the air suppliers shaft above the place of interface of the calorifer channel to a trunk in order to avoid an infiltration (suction of air through the pithead. It’s recommended to use an air curtain in a ventilation shaft because it reduces external air leaks thereby improving energy efficiency of the MVI work. During the mathematical modeling of ventilation and air preparation process (in SolidWorks Flowsimulation software package it was found out that the use of the air curtain in the air supply shaft can increase the efficiency of the AHI, and reduce the electricity consumption for ventilation in the ventilation shaft.

Experimental analysis of indoor air quality improvement achieved by using a Clean-Air Heat Pump (CAHP) air-cleaner in a ventilation system

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Sheng, Ying; Fang, Lei; Nie, Jinzhe

2017-01-01

This study investigated the air purification effect of a Clean-Air Heat Pump (CAHP) air-cleaner which combined a silica gel rotor with a heat pump to achieve air cleaning, heating and ventilation in buildings. The experiments were conducted in a field laboratory and compared a low outdoor air...... supply rate with CAHP air purification of recirculated air with three different outdoor air supply rates without recirculation or air cleaning. Sensory assessments of perceived air quality and chemical measurements of TVOC concentration were used to evaluate the air-cleaning performance of the CAHP....... The results of the experiment showed that the operation of the CAHP significantly improved the perceived air quality in a room polluted by both human bio-effluents and building materials. At the outdoor airflow rate of 2 L/s per person, the indoor air quality with CAHP was equivalent to what was achieved...

Enzymatic oxidation of volatile malodorous organosulfur compounds in a two-phase reactor

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Julio C. Cruz

2015-01-01

Full Text Available En este trabajo reportamos la oxidación de una serie de compuestos organoazufrados volátiles (COV catalizada por la enzima cloroperoxidasa obtenida del hongo Caldariomyces fumago . Los COV se consideran contaminantes atmosféricos debido a su olor desagradable y a su bajo umbral de detección. El sulfuro de etilo, disulfuro de dimetilo, propanotiol, butanotiol y hexanotiol fueron transformados por la enzima en un medio de reacción acuoso a pH 6 y en presencia de peróxido de hidrógeno. El análisis de los productos demostró que los sulfuros fueron oxidados a sus respectivos sulfóxidos, mientras que los tioles fueron oxidados a sus correspondientes disulfuros. Los productos identificados tienen una presión de vapor significativamente menor que los compuestos originales, por lo que son mucho menos volátiles y por tanto no se consideran contaminantes atmosféricos. Se ensambló un reactor de dos fases de 70 mL de volumen con el fin de determinar la eficiencia del tratamiento enzimático. La fase líquida, compuesta por 85% de amortiguador y 15% de solvente orgánico, se puso en contacto con la fase gaseosa, compuesta por aire enriquecido con el sustrato. Usando disulfuro de metilo como sustrato modelo, encontramos únicamente reacción enzimática en este sistema; al controlar la concentración de enzima y de peróxido en la fase líquida se logró transferir el sustrato a la fase acuosa en donde 1 mol de enzima convirtió aproximadamente 12,400 moles de sustrato, resaltando el potencial de los tratamientos enzimáticos para las corrientes gaseosas con mal olor por COV.

Efektivitas Pentagamavunon-0 (PGV-0 pada fase awal infeksi virus Dengue-2

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Dewi Marbawati

2015-01-01

Full Text Available Abstract. Dengue virus infects 50 to 100 million people every year, however, specific treatment or effective antiviral drugs to treat viral infections has not been found yet. Curcumin known has  perform the inhibition of ubiquitin-proteasome system that causes a decrease of Japanese encephalitis, one kind of flavivirus. Structural modifications was known to increase the biological activity of curcumin. Pentagamavunon-0 (PGV-0 is known have activity similar to or even better than curcumin. This study aims to determine the effect of PGV-0 in the early phase of infection of dengue- virus 2 (one day of infection. This study includes quasi-experimental study. The method used for the detection of Dengue-2 viruswas immunocytochemistry, whichpreviously tested by PGV-0 cytotoxic test against vero cells. Cytotoxic test results indicate safe concentrations (no toxic effects of PGV-0 against vero cells is 4.44 µM. Calculation of positive rate compared with the positive control(14.55 ± 7.25 showed that the value of positive rate due to one-day Dengue virus-2 infection with PGV-0 treatment was smaller(3.8 ± 3.89. It was concluded that the PGV-0 is able to decrease the positive rate due to Den-2 infection in the initial period of infection. Keywords: dengue, Pentagamavunon-0 (PGV-0,immunocytochemistry, vero cells Abstrak.Virus Dengue menginfeksi 50 sampai 100 juta orangper tahun, namun terapi yang spesifik atau obat antivirus yang efektif belum ditemukan. Kurkumin diketahui mampu melakukan penghambatan system ubiquitin-proteasome yang menyebabkan penurunan produksi salah satu jenis Flavivirus yaitu Japanese encephaitis. Modifikasi struktur kurkumin terbukti meningkatkan aktivitas biologisnya.  Pentagamavunon-0 (PGV-0 diketahui memiliki aktifitas mirip atau bahkan  lebih baik dari kurkumin. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui pengaruh pemberian PGV-0 pada fase awal infeksi virus Dengue-2 (satu hari infeksi. Penelitian ini termasuk penelitian

KERENTANAN KAWASAN TEPI AIR TERHADAP KENAIKAN PERMUKAAN AIR LAUT Kasus Kawasan Tepi Air Kota Surabaya

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Iwan Suprijanto

2003-01-01

Full Text Available Even though global warming are still debates whether it will or not be happened, the changes on climate will influence activities of human. Regarding global warming issue, one of the impact that is very interesting to be investigated is sea level rise. Sea level rise is predicted has very big impact since, in general, in coastal areas locate a lot of important activities for such city or country. On the context of Indonesian locality, most of big cities such as Jakarta, Surabaya, Semarang, Makasar, etc. are located on the coastal area. Since a lot of important activities located on those cities, in general, sea level rise will influence the development processes of those cities. On the basis of the observation gathering in Surabaya City, the impact of sea level rise will influence not only the development of coastal area but also development of Surabaya City in general. The influence is because the area accommodates activities which are very important in city development both for present and future. The activities are port, industrial estate and location for new housing. Abstract in Bahasa Indonesia : Terlepas dari ketidakpastian mengenai terjadi atau tidaknya pemanasan global, setiap perubahan iklim di bumi akan memberikan dampak terhadap kelangsungan hidup manusia. Salah satu kajian yang saat ini banyak dilakukan berkaitan dengan isu pemanasan global adalah mengenai kenaikan permukaan air laut. Pengkajian mengenai kenaikan permukaan air laut tersebut penting mengingat dampak yang akan ditimbulkannya dan dengan kenyataan secara umum kawasan tepi air memegang peranan penting dalam perkembangan suatu kota ataupun negara. Hal ditandai dengan banyaknya aktivitas yang berlokasi di kawasan tepi air. Kondisi geografis Indonesia dengan duapertiga bagian wilayahnya adalah perairan, menjadikan Indonesia memiliki garis pantai terpanjang di dunia. Hal tersebut menjadikan pula beberapa bagian wilayah di Indonesia merupakan kawasan pesisir atau tepi air

MICROBIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE AIR BLOWN BY WARM AIR HAND DRYERS

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Recai OÐUR; Omer Faruk TEKBAS; Osman HANCI; Umut OZCAN

2005-02-01

Full Text Available The aim of the study was to determine the microbiological characteristics of air blown from warm air hand dryers, and to compare findings with the microbiological characteristics of indoor air in which the dryer settled. Air samples was taken from different public places (shopping centers, restaurants and hospitals and investigated for total viable counts, coagulase negative Staphylococcus, E. Coli, Staphylococcus aureus and enteric pathogens. There were differences between sampling indoor places for some of the microorganisms, but all of the air samples taken from dryers contained more microorganisms than indoor air, and the differences between hand dryers and indoor air were statistically significant (p<0.05 except for enteric pathogens. As a result it could be said that warm air hand dryers could be microbiological contamination sources in restrooms or the other places that they are used. [TAF Prev Med Bull 2005; 4(1.000: 1-7

Indoor air humidity, air quality, and health - An overview.

Science.gov (United States)

Wolkoff, Peder

2018-04-01

There is a long-standing dispute about indoor air humidity and perceived indoor air quality (IAQ) and associated health effects. Complaints about sensory irritation in eyes and upper airways are generally among top-two symptoms together with the perception "dry air" in office environments. This calls for an integrated analysis of indoor air humidity and eye and airway health effects. This overview has reviewed the literature about the effects of extended exposure to low humidity on perceived IAQ, sensory irritation symptoms in eyes and airways, work performance, sleep quality, virus survival, and voice disruption. Elevation of the indoor air humidity may positively impact perceived IAQ, eye symptomatology, and possibly work performance in the office environment; however, mice inhalation studies do not show exacerbation of sensory irritation in the airways by low humidity. Elevated humidified indoor air appears to reduce nasal symptoms in patients suffering from obstructive apnea syndrome, while no clear improvement on voice production has been identified, except for those with vocal fatigue. Both low and high RH, and perhaps even better absolute humidity (water vapor), favors transmission and survival of influenza virus in many studies, but the relationship between temperature, humidity, and the virus and aerosol dynamics is complex, which in the end depends on the individual virus type and its physical/chemical properties. Dry and humid air perception continues to be reported in offices and in residential areas, despite the IAQ parameter "dry air" (or "wet/humid air") is semantically misleading, because a sensory organ for humidity is non-existing in humans. This IAQ parameter appears to reflect different perceptions among other odor, dustiness, and possibly exacerbated by desiccation effect of low air humidity. It is salient to distinguish between indoor air humidity (relative or absolute) near the breathing and ocular zone and phenomena caused by moisture

Depressão e ansiedade nos cuidadores de mulheres em fase terminal de câncer de mama e ginecológico Depression and anxiety in caregivers of terminally-ill breast and gynecological cancer patients

OpenAIRE

Vera Lucia Rezende; Sophie Françoise Mauricette Derchain; Neury José Botega; Luis Otávio Sarian; Daniela Landulfo Vial; Sirlei Siani Morais

2005-01-01

OBJETIVO: avaliar a freqüencia de ansiedade e depressão em cuidadores principais de mulheres em fase terminal de câncer de mama ou genital. MÉTODOS: para este estudo de corte transversal foram incluídos 133 cuidadores de pacientes sem possibilidades curativas, internadas no Centro de Atenção Integral à Saúde da Mulher, entre agosto de 2002 e maio de 2004. Das pacientes incluídas, 71 apresentavam câncer de mama e 62, câncer ginecológico. Foi aplicada a Escala Hospitalar de Ansiedade e Depressã...

Air conditioner

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sato, Masaaki

1993-01-01

The present invention provides an air conditioner which can prevent an undesirable effects on a human body due to radon daughter nuclides in a closed space. That is, the concentration of the radon daughter nuclides in the air in the closed space is continuously measured. A necessary amount of ventilation air is determined based on the measured concentration to generate control signals. External air is introduced into the closed space by the generated control signals. With such procedures, necessary amount of external air is taken from the atmospheric air which can be regarded to have the radon daughter nuclide concentration substantially at zero, thereby enabling to reduce the concentration of the radon daughter nuclides in the closed space. As a result, undesired effects on the human body due to the radon daughter nuclides staying in the closed space can be prevented. According to simulation, the radon daughter nuclides are rapidly decreased only by ventilation only for three times or so in one hour. Accordingly, ventilation is extremely effective and convenient means as a countermeasure for the radon daughter nuclides. (I.S.)

Ensuring clean air: Developing a clean air strategy for British Columbia

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

1992-04-01

In 1992, a clean air strategy will be developed to incorporate views of British Columbians on ways to meet goals related to air quality. A discussion paper is presented to provide information to those interested in participation in developing this strategy. The paper gives information on air quality issues important to the province, including local air quality, urban smog, ozone layer depletion, and global climate change. The views and concerns expressed by stakeholders who attended the Clean Air Conference in 1991 are summarized. The process used to develop the clean air strategy is outlined and some outcomes to be anticipated from the strategy are suggested, including policies and priorities for action to ensure clean air. Air pollutants of concern are total reduced sulfur, mainly from pulp mills and gas processing plants; smoke from wood burning; sulfur dioxide from pulp mills and gas plants; hydrogen fluoride from aluminum smelting; ground-level ozone in urban areas; and acid rain. Elements of a clean air strategy include a smoke management policy, management strategies for greenhouse gases and ozone smog, ozone layer protection measures, regional air quality management plans, and long-term planning efforts in energy use, transportation modes, community design, and land use. 12 refs., 14 figs., 2 tabs

Acute phase proteins: a potential approach for diagnosing chronic infection by Trypanosoma vivax Proteínas de fase aguda: uma possível abordagem para diagnóstico de infecção crônica por Trypanosoma vivax

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Katyane de Sousa Almeida

2012-06-01

Full Text Available The present study aimed to assess potential changes in acute phase proteins in sheep experimentally infected with Trypanosoma vivax. There were studied eight male sheep, four used as controls and four infected with 10(5 T. vivax trypomastigotes. Blood samples were collected at two points times before infection and then at 5,7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 20, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90, 105 and 120 days post-infection (dpi. Blood samples were centrifuged and allotted, and acute phase proteins were then separated by electrophoresis on acrylamide gel containing sodium dodecyl sulfate. Protein concentrations were determined by computer-assisted densitometry. Total protein was determined by colorimetric biuret method. Trypanosomes were counted daily using a 5 mL aliquot of blood smear on a glass slide under a 22 × 22 mm coverslip. Parasites were counted in 100 microscopic fields (40× magnification, and then multiplied by a correction factor. The results were expressed as parasites per mL of blood. For statistical analyses, we used the Wilcoxon test at 5% significance level. There was found a reduction in several acute phase proteins and increase in antitrypsin and transferrin. This finding can be used for the diagnosis of T. vivax infection, especially in chronic infection.O objetivo do presente estudo foi verificar possíveis alterações nas proteínas de fase aguda em ovinos infectados experimentalmente com Trypanosoma vivax. Para tanto, foram utilizados oito ovinos machos, sendo quatro usados como controle e quatro infectados com 10(5 tripomastigotas de T. vivax. Colheram-se amostras de sangue em dois tempos antes da infecção e, posteriormente, aos 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 20, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90, 105 e 120 dias após a infecção (dpi; após centrifugação e aliquotização das amostras. As proteínas de fase aguda foram separadas por eletroforese em gel de acrilamida, contendo dodecil sulfato de sódio, e suas concentrações foram determinadas através de

Connectable solar air collectors

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Oestergaard Jensen, S.; Bosanac, M.

2002-02-01

The project has proved that it is possible to manufacture solar air collector panels, which in an easy way can be connected into large collector arrays with integrated ducting without loss of efficiency. The developed connectable solar air collectors are based on the use of matrix absorbers in the form of perforated metal sheets. Three interconnected solar air collectors of the above type - each with an transparent area of approx. 3 m{sup 2} - was tested and compared with parallel tests on two single solar air collectors also with a transparent area of approx. 3 m{sup 2} One of the single solar air collectors has an identical absorber as the connectable solar air collectors while the absorber of the other single solar air collector was a fibre cloth. The efficiency of the three solar air collectors proved to be almost identical in the investigated range of mass flow rates and temperature differences. The solar air collectors further proved to be very efficient - as efficient as the second most efficient solar air collectors tested in the IEA task 19 project Solar Air Systems. Some problems remain although to be solved: the pressure drop across especially the connectable solar air collectors is too high - mainly across the inlets of the solar air collectors. It should, however, be possible to considerably reduce the pressure losses with a more aerodynamic design of the inlet and outlet of the solar air collectors; The connectable solar air collectors are easy connectable but the air tightness of the connections in the present form is not good enough. As leakage leads to lower efficiencies focus should be put on making the connections more air tight without loosing the easiness in connecting the solar air collectors. As a spin off of the project a simple and easy way to determine the efficiency of solar, air collectors for pre-heating of fresh air has been validated. The simple method of determining the efficiency has with success been compared with an advance method