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Sample records for autosoportada tipo 2m2

  1. Optimum design of a self-supported power transmission tower type 2M2 for 230 kW; Diseno optimo de una torre de transmision autosoportada tipo 2M2, para 230 kW

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Espejel Valdez, Eduardo [Instituto de Investigaciones Electricas, Cuernavaca (Mexico); Millan Monje, Alejandro; Honk Hernandez, Wenceslao [Comision Federal de Electricidad, (CFE), Mexico, D. F. (Mexico)

    1986-12-31

    A group of specialists from the Comision Federal de Electricidad (CFE) and of the Instituto de Investigaciones Electricas (IIE) analyzes the design of various types of power transmission towers in their application stage, in order to enhance them. In this article the structural characteristics of the self-supported tower type 2M2 for 230 kV of two circuits and of suspension, are presented. [Espanol] Un grupo de especialistas de la Comision Federal de Electricidad (CFE) y del Instituto de Investigaciones Electricas (IIE) analiza el diseno de diversos tipos de torres de transmision en su etapa de aplicacion, con el fin de mejorarlos. En este articulo se presentan las caracteristicas estructurales de la torre autosoportada tipo 2M2 para 230 kV, de dos circuitos y de suspension.

  2. Optimum design of a self-supported power transmission tower type 2M2 for 230 kW; Diseno optimo de una torre de transmision autosoportada tipo 2M2, para 230 kW

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Espejel Valdez, Eduardo [Instituto de Investigaciones Electricas, Cuernavaca (Mexico); Millan Monje, Alejandro; Honk Hernandez, Wenceslao [Comision Federal de Electricidad, (CFE), Mexico, D. F. (Mexico)

    1985-12-31

    A group of specialists from the Comision Federal de Electricidad (CFE) and of the Instituto de Investigaciones Electricas (IIE) analyzes the design of various types of power transmission towers in their application stage, in order to enhance them. In this article the structural characteristics of the self-supported tower type 2M2 for 230 kV of two circuits and of suspension, are presented. [Espanol] Un grupo de especialistas de la Comision Federal de Electricidad (CFE) y del Instituto de Investigaciones Electricas (IIE) analiza el diseno de diversos tipos de torres de transmision en su etapa de aplicacion, con el fin de mejorarlos. En este articulo se presentan las caracteristicas estructurales de la torre autosoportada tipo 2M2 para 230 kV, de dos circuitos y de suspension.

  3. Diabetes tipo 2 en niños: Serie de casos

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    Helard Manrique-Hurtado

    2015-01-01

    Full Text Available Objetivos: Describir las características clínicas y bioquímicas de un grupo de niños y adolescentes con diagnóstico reciente de diabetes tipo 2. Material y métodos: Estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo, tipo de serie de casos. Se definió caso al niño o adolescente con glucosa plasmática en ayunas mayor a 126 mg/dl, ausencia de antiGAD y péptido C mayor a 1,5 ng/dl. Se excluyeron a los pacientes con diagnóstico previo de diabetes mellitus tipo 1, diabetes tipo MODY o diabetes secundaria a uso de fármacos. Resultados: La edad media fue 14,3 años, 59% fueron mujeres y 43% tenía por lo menos un padre con diabetes tipo 2. Al momento del diagnóstico, el índice de masa corporal fue 32,8 kg/m2, 85% tenía acantosis nigricans y 68% estaba en estadio Tanner IV y V. El tratamiento inicial incluyó el uso de hipoglicemiantes orales en 75% de los casos, siendo más frecuente el uso de metformina (64,3%. Solamente el 41% de los pacientes recibía algún tipo de insulina. Conclusiones: Los niños y adolescentes con diabetes tipo 2, tienen una frecuencia aumentada de obesidad/sobrepeso, acantosis nigricans y antecedente familiar de DM2. En general, tienen mal control metabólico y reciben metformina como tratamiento inicial.

  4. Espiritualidad e incertidumbre ante la enfermedad: adultos diabéticos tipo 2

    OpenAIRE

    Gómez Palencia, Isabel Patricia; Durán de Villalobos, María Mercedes

    2013-01-01

    El objetivo principal de este artículo es determinar la relación entre espiritualidad e incertidumbre presente en personas con situación crónica por diabetes mellitus tipo 2 en instituciones de servicio de salud en Cartagena, Colombia. El estudio fue realizado con un método descriptivo transversal, correlacional.Asimismo, la muestra fue de 163 pacientes que tuvieran como mínimo dos meses de haber sido diagnosticados con diabetes mellitus tipo 2; los instrumentos utilizados fueron la escala de...

  5. Medicamentos para la Diabetes Tipo 2. Lo Nuevo y Lo Tradicional.

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    Alfredo Jácome Roca

    2008-06-01

    Uno de los más importantes estudios fue el UKPDS, básico para el manejo integral del diabético tipo 2. Las implicaciones más importantes de este estudio tuvieron que ver con las complicaciones micro y macrovasculares.

  6. Neurofibromatosis tipo 2: La historia de Lidia Neurofibromatosis type 2: Life story of Lidia

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    Ares Solanes

    2012-06-01

    Full Text Available La Neurofibromatosis tipo 2 (NF2 es una enfermedad minoritaria hereditaria caracterizada por la presentación progresiva de múltiples tumores, especialmente Schwanomas Vestibulares Bilaterales, a partir de la segunda década de vida. Su tratamiento con cirugía o radioterapia no evita la pérdida de audición. El pronóstico es complicado y los pacientes deben enfrentarse al progresivo deterioro de su calidad de vida. Un estudio cualitativo a través de la historia de vida de nuestra informante clave nos permite explorar y comprender su vivencia, afecta de Neurofibromatosis tipo II (NF2, así como conocer sus necesidades y aprender de sus recursos adaptativos.Neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2 is a minority hereditary disease characterized by the development of multiple tumours, especially bilateral vestibular schwannomas, in young adults. Treatments with surgery or radiotherapy are performed to delay hearing loss. The prognosis is complicated and patients face the deterioration of their quality of life. A qualitative study through our key subject's life allows us to explore and understand her experience, as a NF2 sufferer, to identify her needs and to learn about her adaptive measures.

  7. Diabetes tipo 2 y obesidad leve: tratamiento quirúrgico

    OpenAIRE

    Lanzaren S,Enrique

    2013-01-01

    Introducción: En la actualidad la diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM2) y la obesidad representan un serio problema de salud, comportándose como enfermedades epidémicas. Existe un gran interés en explorar distintas opciones de tratamiento de la DM2 en pacientes que no tienen obesidad mórbida. Objetivo: Reportar los parámetros de control glicémico en pacientes con DM2 y obesidad leve sometidos a bypass gástrico (BPG) a 3 años de seguimiento. Metodología: Estudio clínico prospectivo que incluye pacien...

  8. Caracterização de pessoas com Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 Caracterización de personas con Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 Characterization of people with Diabetes Mellitus Type 2

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    Maria de Fátima Ferreira Grillo

    2007-02-01

    Full Text Available O estudo teve por objetivo caracterizar pessoas com Diabete Melittus (DM Tipo 2, cadastrados em uma Unidade Básica de Saúde. É um estudo observacional, descritivo, do tipo série de casos, com uma amostra de 125 pessoas. Os resultados apresentaram, em sua maioria, pessoas do sexo feminino, na faixa etária dos 60 aos 69 anos e que recebiam de 1 a 2 salários mínimos por mês, hipertensos, dislipidêmicos, com sobrepeso e/ou obesidade, não praticando atividade física regularmente, com dificuldade em seguir a dieta e em conviver com a doença. Concluiu-se a importância de planejar Programas de Atenção à Saúde voltada para pessoas diabéticas, no contexto comunitário, com o incentivo da Educação em saúde por meio de uma equipe multidisciplinar.El estudio tiene por objetivo caracterizar personas con Diabetes Mellitus (DM Tipo 2, inscriptos en una Unidad Básica de Salud. Es un estudio de observación, descriptivo, de tipo serie de casos, con una muestra de 125 personas. Los resultados presentaron, en su mayoría, personas de sexo femenino, en la faja etaria de los 60 a los 69 años y que recibían de 1 a 2 sueldos mínimos por mes, hipertensos, dislipidémicos, con sobrepeso y/u obesidad, no practicando actividad física regularmente, con dificultades en seguir la dieta y en convivir con la enfermedad. Se concluye la importancia de planear Programas de Atención a la Salud volcada para personas diabéticas, en el contexto comunitario, con el incentivo de la Educación en salud por medio de un equipo multidisciplinar.This study has as its main objective the characterization of people with Diabetes Mellitus (DM Type 2 who were registered in a Basic Health Unit. It is an observational, descriptive study with a sample of 125 people. The results presented, in most part, female people, between their 60 and 69 years old who receive from 1 to 2 minimum salary per month, hypertensive, dyslipidemic, overweight and/or obese, people who do not

  9. Factores de riesgo de diabetes mellitus tipo 2 en mujeres postmenopaúsicas

    OpenAIRE

    Acosta Naranjo, William Daniel; Esnal, Virginia

    2012-01-01

    La Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2 (DM 2) es una enfermedad con impacto socio sanitario por su elevada frecuencia y mortalidad cardiovascular. En Uruguay, como en la población mundial, la DM2 es más frecuente en mujeres. Este trabajo describe factores de riesgo en mujeres postmenopaúsicas que nosotros, los investigadores de este manuscrito, atendemos.

  10. El polimorfismo (CAGn del gen ATXN2, nuevo marcador de susceptibilidad para diabetes mellitus tipo 2

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    Luis J. Flores-Alvarado

    Full Text Available RESUMEN Objetivo Estimar si hay asociación del repetido (CAGn del gen ATXN2 en población mexicana con diabetes mellitus (DM tipo 2. Métodos Estudio epidemiológico de casos y controles. Se incluyeron personas sanas y personas diabéticas. La detección de la expansión (CAGn se realizó por reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (PCR-punto final. Los productos de PCR se analizaron mediante electroforesis (PAGE al 8% y tinción con nitrato de plata. Resultados La distribución de alelos del trinucleótido (CAGn en la población analizada resultó similar a la reportada en el centro del país. El alelo más frecuente es el de 22 repetidos; sin embargo, hay asociación con los portadores de los repetidos largos dentro del rango normal con diabetes. Conclusiones Los resultados sugieren que el repetido (CAGn del gen de ATXN2 podría ser un factor causal de DM tipo 2.

  11. Genótipos de haptoglobina e hipertensão refratária em pacientes com diabete melito tipo 2

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    Vânia Pereira Albuquerque Wobeto

    2011-10-01

    Full Text Available FUNDAMENTO: Tem sido sugerido que o polimorfismo da haptoglobina pode influenciar na patogênese das complicações microvasculares e macrovasculares em pacientes diabéticos. OBJETIVO: O objetivo principal deste estudo transversal foi de realizar uma investigação da existência ou não de uma associação entre os genótipos de haptoglobina e a prevalência de eventos isquêmicos cardiovasculares (angina estável, angina instável e infarto agudo do miocárdio, hipertensão arterial sistêmica, hipertensão refratária, obesidade e dislipidemia em 120 pacientes com diabete melito tipo 2, seguidos no Hospital Universitário da Unicamp, em Campinas, Estado de São Paulo. MÉTODOS: A genotipagem da haptoglobina foi realizada por reações em cadeia da polimerase alelo-específicas. As frequências dos genótipos de haptoglobina foram comparadas com a presença/ausência de doença cardiovascular, hipertensão arterial sistêmica, hipertensão refratária, obesidade e dislipidemia; medições de pressão arterial sistólica e diastólica; glicemia, colesterol (total, lipoproteínas de alta densidade - HDL e lipoproteínas de baixa densidade - LDL e triglicerídeos; assim como níveis de creatinina sérica. RESULTADOS: Embora nenhuma associação entre o genótipo de haptoglobina e a presença de doença cardiovascular tenha sido identificada, encontramos um excesso significativo de pacientes com o genótipo Hp2-1 entre as pessoas com hipertensão refratária, que também apresentavam uma maior pressão arterial sistólica e diastólica e níveis de colesterol total e LDL. CONCLUSÃO: Nossos resultados sugerem que os pacientes com diabete melito tipo 2 com o genótipo Hp2-1 podem apresentar uma maior chance de desenvolver hipertensão refratária. Estudos adicionais em populações diabéticas são necessários para confirmar esses achados.

  12. mellitus tipo 2

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    Margarita Lazcano-Ortiz

    2008-01-01

    Full Text Available Objetivo: valorar las propiedades psicométricas de la escala de afrontamiento y proceso de adaptación de Roy en población mexicana. Materiales y métodos: la escala se aplicó a 200 participantes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2. Para validar el constructo se realizó la extracción de factores con componentes principales y rotación Varimax, con Eigenvalores por arriba de 1 y cargas de factor mayores a ,30. Resultados: seis reactivos fueron eliminados del análisis por mostrar correlación negativa con la correlación total de la escala. El análisis de componentes principales inicial reveló nueve factores con una variación explicada de 65,29%. Sin embargo, no se consideraron tres factores por contener cada uno de ellos solamente un reactivo. Por tanto, la escala final se acepta con 38 reactivos. El coeficiente de confiabilidad Alfa de Cronbach fue de, 93. Discusión: el análisis reveló seis factores, uno más de lo reportado por Roy, y con mayor variación explicada. Algunos reactivos parecen no ser bien comprendidos por los participantes. Conclusiones: este artículo aporta una aproximación metodológica para explorar la adecuación de un instrumento a una población diferente para la que originalmente fue diseñado. Se concluye que la escala tiene consistencia interna y validez de constructo incipiente, los datos reportados en este estudio deben tomarse en cuenta con cautela. Es conveniente revisar de nuevo los reactivos y adecuarlos a la cultura particular, y probar la escala de nuevo con pacientes con enfermedades crónicas degenerativas a fin de contar con instrumentos culturalmente equivalentes.

  13. Efecto incretina en el tratamiento de la diabetes mellitus tipo 2

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    Manuel de Jesús Díaz Pérez

    2015-02-01

    Full Text Available El efecto incretina está dado por las funciones del polipéptido insulinotrópico dependiente de glucosa y un péptido similar a glucagón sobre la hiperglucemia en el organismo humano. Desde su descubrimiento ha cobrado un papel cada vez más significativo en la elaboración de nuevos fármacos normoglucemiantes, que logren el control metabólico de los pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2. El objetivo de esta revisión es actualizar la información sobre el efecto incretina, su relación con la diabetes mellitus tipo 2, los fármacos cuyo mecanismo de acción se basa en este fenómeno fisiológico, así como las perspectivas para el futuro inmediato en este tema. Para ello se realizó una revisión bibliográfica, empleando servicios disponibles desde la red Infomed, específicamente: SciELO, Hinari, PubMed y EBSCO. Se resumen aspectos del sustrato fisiológico y fisiopatológico del efecto incretina y su aplicación en la terapéutica de los pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2, así como los resultados positivos que se han logrado hasta el momento en este campo

  14. Sleep quality in type 2 diabetics Calidad del sueño en diabéticos tipo 2 Qualidade do sono em diabéticos do tipo 2

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    Maria Carolina Belo da Cunha

    2008-10-01

    Full Text Available Sleeping disorders in type 2 diabetic patients constitute risk factors for aggravating diabetes since they can affect the metabolic control through insulin resistance syndrome. This was an observational, cross-sectional study. The majority (52% of subjects had scores indicating poor sleep quality. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI scores showed patients with a time after diagnosis over 10 years and hypertension had the poorest sleep quality. For those with hemoglobin A1c > 7% taking sleeping medicines and those who had normal body mass index (BMI, the sleep quality was even poorer. The findings of the present study reinforce the relevance of this topic since there are no specific tools for sleep evaluation of type 2 diabetics making it difficult to make any assertions on the sleep quality of these patients.Los disturbios del sueño en diabéticos del tipo 2, constituyen factores de riesgo para el agravamiento de la diabetes, pues pueden interferir en el control metabólico a través del síndrome de la resistencia a la insulina. El estudio fue del tipo observacional-transversal. La calidad del sueño fue investigada en 50 diabéticos del tipo 2, a quienes se aplicó el Índice de Calidad del Sueño de Pittsburgh (PSQI. La mayoría (52% presentó puntuaciones del PSQI, que indican calidad del sueño mala. Aquellos con tiempo de diagnóstico superior a 10 años y con hipertensión poseían peor calidad del sueño. Para aquellos con valores de Hemoglobina A1c > 7%, que usaban medicamentos para dormir y los que presentaron IMC normal, la calidad del sueño se mostró peor. Lo encontrado en esta investigación refuerza la relevancia de la temática, ya que no existen instrumentos específicos para evaluar el sueño del diabético del tipo 2, dificultando afirmaciones sobre la calidad del sueño del diabético.Distúrbios do sono em diabéticos do tipo 2 constituem fatores de risco para o agravamento do diabetes, pois podem interferir no

  15. Alteraciones electrocardiográficas y factores de riesgo cardiovascular en pacientes con diabetes tipo 2

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    Rodríguez-Morán Martha

    1999-01-01

    Full Text Available Objetivo. Determinar cuáles son las alteraciones del ritmo y la conducción cardiaca más frecuentes en pacientes con diabetes tipo 2 sin cardiopatía previa y establecer su asociación con los factores de riesgo cardiovascular. Material y métodos. Se incluyeron pacientes con diabetes tipo 2 sin presencia o antecedentes de cardiopatía. Se determinaron los factores de riesgo cardiovascular, el índice de masa corporal y los niveles séricos de glucosa, colesterol y triglicéridos. Se registró electrocardiograma convencional en reposo. La asociación de las variables en estudio con la ocurrencia de arritmias se calculó con un modelo de análisis multivariado ajustado por sexo. Resultados. Se integraron 199 pacientes: 113 mujeres (56.8% y 86 hombres (43.2%, y se identificó algún tipo de alteración electrocardiográfica en 29.1% de los sujetos. El hemibloqueo fascicular anterior (HFA y el bloqueo completo de rama derecha del Haz de His (BRDHH, constituyeron 75.9% de las alteraciones identificadas. Los pacientes con trastornos del ritmo y la conducción tienen niveles más elevados de colesterol y triglicéridos. La aparición de arritmias se relaciona directamente con el incremento de la edad (r= 0.75, p= 0.01. En el análisis multivariado ajustado por sexo la hipercolesterolemia y la edad se asociaron significativamente con las alteraciones del ritmo y la conducción: RM 1.5, IC95% 1.1-4.6, p< 0.05 y RM 1.3, IC95% 1.0-5.2, p< 0.05, respectivamente. Conclusiones. Las alteraciones del ritmo y la conducción cardiaca más frecuentes en la diabetes tipo 2 son el HFA y el BRDHH; la hipercolesterolemia y la edad son los factores asociados a su presencia.

  16. PREJUÍZOS COGNITIVOS EM IDOSOS COM DIABETES MELLITUS TIPO 2

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    Regina Maria Fernandes Lopes

    2009-01-01

    Full Text Available El avance en las condiciones de salud propicia el progresivo aumento de la esperanza de vida. Estudios han identificado la existencia de una conexión entre la Diabetes Mellitus (DM y demencia. La hiperglicemia podría ser un factor importante en la incidencia de la enfermedad de Azheimer, la cual puede ser una causa secundaria de demencia. La diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM2 está asociada con déficits cognitivos y funcionales, y el WCST es una de las herramientas que puede ser utilizada para evaluar funcionamiento ejecutivo. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar los déficits cognitivos de ancianos con diabetes mellitus tipo 2. Los participantes fueron 254 ancianos de ambos sexos, mayores de 60 años; 44 de ellos diagnosticados de DM2 y 210 en un grupo control de población general. El diseño fue un estudio cuantitativo transversal. Los instrumentos utilizados fueron: datos sociodemográficos, WCST, MMSE, BDI, BAI, GD, junto a las Sub pruebas de: Vocabulario, códigos, números y Cubos del WAIS-III. Los resultados mostraron una diferencia significativa en el desempeño de los ancianos con diabetes tipo 2 en comparación con el grupo control en cuatro descriptores de WCST que indicaban un deterioro. Igualmente los ancianos con diabetes tipo 2 mostraron una intensidad de síntomas depresivos y de ansiedad estadísticamente mayor que el grupo control

  17. Risk factors in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus Factores de riesgo en pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 Fatores de risco em pacientes com diabetes mellitus tipo 2

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    Idalina Diair Regla Carolino

    2008-04-01

    Full Text Available This study was carried out to evaluate the risk factors of type 2 diabetic patients through sociodemographic data, habits of health, anthropometric and biochemist profiles, assisted at a basic public health care unit in Maringá, Paraná. Sixty-six patients, 56 women aged over than 50 years-old were interviewed. High prevalence factors for cardiovascular risk were observed, such as: overweight and obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, sedentariness and inadequate diet. Data suggested the need for multidisciplinary intervention programs in health care units associated to educative programs, adjusted diet intake and regular physical activity for these diabetic patients.El objetivo de este estudio fue verificar los factores de riesgo de las complicaciones de la diabetes mellitus tipo 2, por medio del levantamiento de datos sociodemográficos, hábitos de salud, perfil antropométrico y bioquímico, de pacientes diabéticos tipo 2 atendidos en una Unidad Básica de Salud en la ciudad de Maringá, Paraná. Fueron entrevistados y evaluados 66 pacientes con más de 50 años; 56 eran del sexo femenino. Se verificó una elevada presencia de factores de riesgo cardiovascular en los pacientes investigados: sobrepeso y obesidad, hipertensión, dislipidemia, sedentarismo y dieta no saludable. Los resultados indican la necesidad de la implantación de programas de intervención multidisciplinares en unidades básicas de la salud asociada a prácticas educativas, estimulando la adopción de una dieta saludable y la práctica de actividad física regular para estos pacientes.O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar os fatores de risco das complicações do diabetes mellitus tipo 2, por meio de levantamento de dados sociodemográficos, hábitos de saúde, perfil antropométrico e bioquímico de pacientes diabéticos tipo 2, atendidos em Unidade Básica de Saúde, na cidade de Maringá, Paraná. Foram entrevistados e avaliados 66 pacientes acima de 50 anos, sendo 56

  18. Hydrogen storage of type MBH{sub 4}(H{sub 2})n M = Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs; Almacenadores de hidrogeno del tipo MBH{sub 4}(H{sub 2})n M = Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Sanchez-Castro, Maria Esther [Centro de Investigacion y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Unidad Saltillo, Ramos Arizpe, Coahuila (Mexico)] e-mail: esther.sanchez@cinvestav.edu.mx; Sanchez-Vazquez, Mario [Centro de Investigacion en Materiales Avanzados, S.C., Apodaca, Nuevo Leon (Mexico)

    2009-09-15

    Interest has recently been increasing in finding new sources of energy other than fossil fuels. Hydrogen has potential with respect to oil, it does not contaminate the environment or produce greenhouse gases. Nevertheless, finding materials capable of storing hydrogen is not trivial, since certain aspects must be addressed, such as reversible hydrogen storage with high gravimetric and volumetric density, manipulated at moderate temperatures and pressures. To contribute to the search for new materials, we are interested in studying the structures of type MBH{sub 4}, which have a boron atom and a M metal. The boron has a lighter mass and is surrounded by four hydrogen atoms. LiBH{sub 4}, for example, is already being used as a source of hydrogen by disassociating the B-H bonds. On the other hand, the M atom is positive and can house molecular hydrogen in its coordination sphere. Our studies, using mp{sup 2}/def2-TZVP computational methods, show that this type of structures (MBH4) can coordinate in the M atom from three (when M = Li) to nine (when M = Cs) hydrogen molecules. [Spanish] Recientemente, el interes por encontrar nuevas fuentes de energia diferentes al combustible fosil ha ido en aumento. El hidrogeno tiene un potencial con respecto al petroleo, no contamina el medio ambiente ni produce gases invernadero. Sin embargo, encontrar materiales capaces de almacenar hidrogeno no es trivial, ya que se deben cuidar aspectos como: almacenar reversiblemente hidrogeno con alta densidad gravimetrica y volumetrica, y manipularlos a temperaturas y presiones moderadas. A fin de contribuir con la busqueda de nuevos materiales, es de nuestro interes estudiar a las estructuras del tipo MBH4. Estas estructuras tienen la caracteristica de tener un atomo de boro y un metal M. El boro es de masa ligera y esta rodeado de cuatro atomos de hidrogeno. El LiBH{sub 4} por ejemplo ya se esta utilizando como fuente de hidrogenos al disociar los enlaces B-H. Por otra parte, el atomo M es

  19. O oraloma da diabetes melitos tipo 1 vs diabetes melitos tipo 2 - um estudo comparativo

    OpenAIRE

    Brás, Vítor Daniel Moreira

    2013-01-01

    A Diabetes Melitos é uma doença de grande prevalência a nível mundial e os seus mecanismos fisiopatológicos não são ainda totalmente conhecidos. Actualmente, a terapêutica seguida em casos de Diabetes Melitos é eminentemente sintomática consistindo na administração de insulina nos casos de Diabetes Melitos tipo 1 ou quando se verifica a falência das células beta do pâncreas de pacientes com Diabetes Melitos tipo 2, ou no controlo da glicemia nos casos de Diabetes Melitos ...

  20. Diabetes autoinmune del adulto en diabéticos tipo 2: frecuencia y características LADA in type 2 diabetics: frequency and characteristics

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    Eduardo Cabrera-Rode

    2001-04-01

    Full Text Available Se realizó este trabajo para conocer frecuencia, características clínico-bioquímicas, inmunológicas y genéticas de la diabetes autoinmune en adultos (LADA en 1 000 diabéticos tipo 2 con edades ³ 35 años con distintos tiempos de duración de la diabetes. Se les determinó glucemia, anticuerpos antiislotes pancreáticos (ICA, anti-GAD65, anti-ICA512bdc/IA2, antimicrosomales tiroideos (AMT, antigástricos parietales (AGP, antinucleares (AN, microalbuminuria y péptido C en ayunas. Se encuestaron y se registraron algunas características clínicas. Se dividieron en 2 grupos según la presencia de ICA. Todos los diabéticos tipo 2 + para autoanticuerpos antiislotes (ICA y/o anti-GAD65 fueron identificados como LADA. Se detectó el 3,4 % de diabético tipo 2 con ICA +, en los diabéticos tipo 2 ICA- el 22,0 % presentó anticuerpos anti-GAD65. Se encontró que los diabéticos tipo 2 ICA+ eran más jóvenes, la duración de su diabetes era menor, presentaron menor IMC, disminución de los niveles de péptido C en ayunas, menos antecedentes familiares (padres de DM2, valores menores en las tensiones arteriales diastólicas y sistólicas, mayor presencia de anticuerpos anti-GAD65, AMT y AGP en comparación con los diabéticos tipo 2 ICA-. Se observó que los diabéticos tipo 2 ICA+ (LADA tienen características específicas que los asemejan a los diabéticos tipo 1, esto implicaría variaciones importantes en su tratamiento y evolución con respecto a los diabéticos tipo 2 ICA-. Se observó una baja frecuencia de ICA y alta de GAD en los diabéticos tipo 2 cubanos, las cuales fueron diferentes a la encontrada en poblaciones caucasianas. Los anticuerpos anti-GAD65 fueron superiores a los ICA para detectar los LADA. Las características clínicas e inmunológicas de estos pacientes muestran la lenta progresión de la destrucción autoinmune de las células b con implicaciones terapéuticas.This paper was aimed at knowing the frequency, clinico

  1. Cirurgia gastrointestinal no tratamento da diabete tipo 2 Gastrointestinal surgery for the treatment of type 2 diabetes

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    Alexandre Coutinho Teixeira de Freitas

    2007-06-01

    Full Text Available RACIONAL: Evidências científicas demonstram o controle metabólico da diabete tipo 2 obtido com diversas intervenções sobre o sistema gastrointestinal, principalmente as operações bariátricas. OBJETIVOS: Revisar os dados da literatura referentes aos efeitos da cirurgia gastrointestinal na diabete tipo 2, especialmente os relacionados ao controle metabólico e sua fisiopatologia. MÉTODOS: Foi realizada pesquisa no Medline em páginas da internet procurando referências de artigos de maior relevância e estudos apresentados e publicados nos anais da conferência de Roma sobre os efeitos da cirurgia gastrointestinal no tratamento da diabete tipo 2 em 2007. Revisão da literatura - Entre as operações bariátricas, as derivações biliopancreáticas apresentam as mais altas taxas de controle da diabete tipo 2, seguidas pelo bypass gástrico e pela banda gástrica. Esse controle está relacionado à perda de peso e redução da ingestão de alimentos. As derivações biliopancreáticas e o bypass gástrico apresentam ainda efeito importante promovido por modificações hormonais. Os hormônios mais significativos são: o GLP-1, o GIP, o PYY, a grelina, a leptina, o IGF-1 e a adiponectina. Além dos efeitos sobre o controle do apetite no hipotálamo, os hormônios apresentam ação sobre as células β, promovem a secreção de insulina e diminuem sua resistência periférica. Duas hipóteses foram formuladas para explicar as modificações desses hormônios: a do intestino anterior, em que a exclusão do duodeno e do jejuno proximal previne a secreção de algum agente ainda não identificado que promove a resistência periférica à insulina; e a do intestino posterior, em que a derivação intestinal promove a passagem rápida do quimo até o intestino distal e induz à secreção precoce dos hormônios que promovem o controle da diabete. Além das operações bariátricas tradicionais, novos procedimentos promissores foram desenvolvidos

  2. Diabetes mellitus tipo 2 y osteoartritis primaria de rodilla

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    Rubén Daniel Arellano-Pérez Vertti

    2017-07-01

    Full Text Available Señor editor: Es nuestro interés dar a conocer los resultados del estudio sobre la asociación entre diabetes tipo 2 y osteoartritis primaria de rodilla en una población del norte de México.

  3. Características clínicas y bioquímicas de la diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DMt2 en el Instituto Nacional de Salud del Niño

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    Martha Calagua-Quispe

    2012-04-01

    Full Text Available Objetivo: Evaluar las características clínicas y bioquímicas al momento del diagnóstico de diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DMt2, en pacientes pediátricos. Diseño: Estudio clínico retrospectivo. Institución: Servicio de Endocrinología, Instituto Nacional de Salud del Niño, Lima, Perú. Pacientes: Niños con diabetes mellitus tipo 2. Métodos: Se revisó las historias clínicas de 187 pacientes con diabetes mellitus y se identificó 17 (9,2% con diabetes mellitus tipo 2. Se preparó una ficha para la recolección de datos, en la cual se consignó características personales y familiares, síntomas y signos y datos bioquímicos. Principales medidas de resultados: Características clínicas y bioquímicas de los niños. Resultados: La edad promedio al momento del diagnóstico fue de 12,8 ± 3 años; 11 fueron de sexo masculino (64,7% y 6 de sexo femenino (35,3%. Todos nacieron a término, de los cuales 17,6% fueron macrosómicos. Se encontró que 82,4% tenía antecedente familiar de diabetes tipo 2. Los síntomas más frecuentes fueron: poliuria, polidipsia, polifagia y pérdida de peso; 35,3% presentó sobrepeso, 41,2% obesidad y 65% del conjunto, acantosis nigricans. Cinco pacientes desarrollaron cetoacidosis. Se encontró que 60% tenía alteración de alguno de los componentes del perfil lipídico, siendo la más frecuente la alteración de los LDL (46,5%. Los anticuerpos anti-insulina, anti-GAD y anti-ICA fueron negativos en 85,7%; 14,3% de los pacientes mostró alguno de ellos positivos. Conclusiones: La mayor parte de los niños con DMt2 estudiados presentó antecedentes familiares de diabetes tipo 2, 75% de ellos con signos y síntomas clásicos de esta patología, acompañados de presencia de sobrepeso u obesidad y dislipidemia.

  4. El coste de la diabetes tipo 2 en España: El estudio CODE-2

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    Mata M.

    2002-01-01

    Full Text Available Objetivo: Estimar el coste de la atención sanitaria al paciente diabético tipo 2, diferenciando el gasto derivado del control de la enfermedad, de la atención de sus complicaciones y de otros costes directos asociados. Métodos: Recogida retrospectiva del consumo de recursos a partir de la historia clínica y la entrevista personal en 29 centros de atención primaria de todo el territorio nacional de una muestra de pacientes seleccionados de forma aleatoria a partir del registro de diabéticos de cada centro. Resultados: Se evaluó a 1.004 pacientes (561 mujeres con una media de edad de 67,42 años y una media de evolución de la enfermedad de 10,07 años. El 50,9% no presentaba complicaciones, el 17,7% sólo macrovasculares, el 19,5% sólo microvasculares y el 11,9% ambas. El coste anual sanitario por paciente fue de 1.305,15 euros. De este coste el 28,6% (373,27 euros estaba relacionado directamente con el control de la diabetes, el 30,51% (398,20 euros con sus complicaciones y el 40,89% (533,68 euros no estaba relacionado. El coste medio de un paciente sin complicaciones fue de 883 euros frente a 1.403 de un paciente con complicaciones microvasculares, 2.022 cuando existían complicaciones macrovasculares y 2.133 cuando coexistían ambos tipos de complicaciones. Conclusiones: El elevado coste del tratamiento de la diabetes tipo 2 y sus complicaciones, sugiere la posibilidad de que la mejora del control de la enfermedad pueda no sólo mejorar la supervivencia y la calidad de vida, sino reducir los costes asociados con las complicaciones crónicas.

  5. Análisis evolutivo del concepto de adaptación a la diabetes tipo 2

    OpenAIRE

    José Martín Castro-Espinoza; Esther C. Gallegos-Cabriales; Keville Frederickson

    2015-01-01

    El concepto de adaptación tiene diferentes aplicaciones y acepciones. En personas que viven con diabetes tipo 2 (DT2) se asocia con la observancia del tratamiento y el control glucémico. Es utilizado frecuentemente en la literatura de salud pero no está claro qué signi- fica en personas que viven con esta enfermedad, por lo que el propósito de esta investigación fue analizar el concepto de adaptación a la DT2. Metodología: se utilizó el método de análisis evolutivo de concepto de Rodger...

  6. Relación entre el herpes simple tipo 2 y las lesiones preinvasivas de cuello uterino

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    Yenddy Carrero

    2006-10-01

    Full Text Available Objetivos: Determinar la presencia y relación del virus herpes simple tipo 2 (VHS-2 en mujeres con diferentes grados de lesiones preinvasivas de cuello uterino. Materiales y métodos: Se estudiaron 176 mujeres con lesiones preinvasivas de cuello uterino y 40 mujeres como grupo control con cuello uterino sano, que asistieron a la consulta ginecológica en diferentes centros de salud, durante los años 2002-2005 en Maracaibo-Venezuela. A las pacientes se les tomó un hisopado del exocervix y una biopsia dirigida del sitio de la lesión por colposcopía. La determinación de VHS-2 se realizó a través de inmunofluorescencia directa. Resultados: La presencia de infección por VHS-2 fue 44 /176 (25%. El mayor número de VHS-2 se obtuvo en las pacientes con grado de lesión tipo NIC II (66,7%. El mayor porcentaje de infección por VHS-2 se determinó en las pacientes que iniciaron sus relaciones sexuales entre los 15 y 20 años (34,5%, las relaciones sexuales diarias (50%, así como relaciones de tipo orogenital fueron consideradas las conductas de mayor riesgo para adquirir la infección. Conclusiones: No se evidenció una relación directa entre VHS-2 y la presencia de cáncer. Los factores de riesgo asociados con la infección son similares a otras ITS, y están ligados con la conducta sexual y hábitos propios del individuo.

  7. Diabetes tipo 2 en niños: Reporte de caso

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    Miguel Pinto

    2010-04-01

    Full Text Available Se reporta el caso de una niña de 14 años con antecedentes de obesidad, dislipidemia y diabetes que es referida a nuestro servicio por polidipsia, poliuria y sobrepeso. La paciente tenía el antecedente familiar de ambos padres con diagnóstico de diabetes tipo 2. El examen físico mostró obesidad central y acantosis nigricans severa en los pliegues cutáneos. Los análisis de laboratorio mostraron hiperglicemia, hiperinsulinemia y péptido C normal. Los autoanticuerpos anti-GAD y anti-ICA fueron negativos. El tratamiento con metformina fue continuado; y la dieta y actividad física fueron reforzadas. Actualmente, los niveles de hemoglobina glicosilada y glicemia en ayunas han mejorado. El incremento en la obesidad infantil ha resultado en un marcado aumento en la incidencia de síndrome metabólico y diabetes tipo 2 en la población infantil.(Rev Med Hered 2010;21:103-106.

  8. Estresse em mulheres com Diabetes mellitus tipo 2

    OpenAIRE

    Lessmann, Juliana Cristina; Silva, Denise Maria Guerreiro Vieira da; Nassar, Silvia Modesto

    2011-01-01

    OBJETIVO: O objetivo do estudo foi investigar a relação entre estresse e Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 em mulheres. MÉTODO: Estudo transversal prospectivo, desenvolvido com 147 mulheres, utilizando a Escala de Estresse Percebido (PSS). RESULTADOS: Houve associação entre as variáveis testadas, sendo possível inferir que as mulheres com estresse elevado são as que vivenciaram sofrimento e apresentam controle glicêmico alterado, ou seja, com valores superiores a 180 mg/dL. A maioria relatou sofriment...

  9. Apego al tratamiento farmacológico en pacientes con diagnóstico de diabetes mellitus tipo 2

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    Durán-Varela Blanca Rosa

    2001-01-01

    Full Text Available Objetivos. Establecer la frecuencia de apego al tratamiento farmacológico en pacientes diabéticos tipo 2, relacionarla con el control metabólico e identificar factores que influyen para el no apego. Material y métodos. Estudio transversal comparativo, efectuado en 150 pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 de la unidad de medicina familiar No. 33 del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social de Chihuahua, Chih., México, hecho entre 1997 y 1998. Se midió el apego con cuenta de tabletas en su domicilio. El control metabólico se midió con hemoglobina glucosilada. Un cuestionario investigó factores relacionados. Se utilizó estadística descriptiva, t de Student y razón de momios. Resultados. El apego correspondió a 54.2%. Los factores asociados al no apego fueron la escolaridad primaria y la falta de información sobre la enfermedad (phttp://www.insp.mx/salud/index.html

  10. Asociación entre el precio de los alimentos y la glucemia en adultos estadounidenses con diabetes de tipo 2

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    Tobenna D. Anekwé

    2015-06-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVOS: Calculamos la asociación entre el precio de diversas categorías de alimentos saludables y menos saludables y la glucemia en adultos estadounidenses con diabetes de tipo 2. MÉTODOS: Vinculamos la información de salud contenida en la Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición 1999-2006 y el precio de los alimentos a partir de la base trimestral de datos de precios de los alimentos. Aplicamos una regresión de los valores de glucemia con respecto al precio de los alimentos en el trimestre anterior, con control de la región del mercado y otras covariables. Examinamos asimismo si la asociación entre el precio de los alimentos y la glucemia variaba entre distintos grupos de ingresos. RESULTADOS: Tanto el precio de las frutas y verduras como el precio de los productos lácteos magros se asocian a la glucemia en las personas con diabetes de tipo 2. En concreto, un precio mayor de las frutas y verduras y de los productos lácteos se asocia a valores más altos de glu-cohemoglobina y de glucemia en ayunas tres meses después. La asociación entre el precio de los alimentos y la glucemia es mayor en las personas de ingresos bajos que en las de ingresos elevados, en la dirección esperada. CONCLUSIONES: Un precio mayor de los alimentos saludables se asocia a cifras más elevadas de glucemia en las personas con diabetes de tipo 2. Esta asociación fue especialmente pronunciada en las personas con diabetes de tipo 2 con ingresos bajos.

  11. Adaptación en pacientes con diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2, según Modelo de Roy

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    Margarita Lazcano-Ortiz

    2009-01-01

    Full Text Available Objetivo. Determinar la influencia entre estímulos focales y contextuales, y la adaptación fisiológica y psicosocial en personas con diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 (DMT2. Material y método. El diseño fue descriptivo, transversal, predictivo. El muestreo fue probabilístico, sistemático. La muestra con 200 participantes de ambos géneros de 30 a 65 años, se determinó para un 95% de confianza, con una potencia de prueba de 90%. Resultados. Los resultados mostraron que el tiempo desde diagnóstico explicó la adaptación fisiológica F (1,198 = 9,18, p = ,003. Se observó efecto entre complicaciones y adaptación psicosocial F (4,195 = 4,97, p = ,001, con un coeficiente de determinación del 74%. Los estímulos contextuales influyeron en la adaptación fisiológica y psicosocial, F (6,193 = 2,89, p = ,010, y F (6, 193 = 2,41, p = ,029. Conclusiones. Los resultados de este estudio permiten sugerir relaciones entre las proposiciones teóricas propuestas y derivadas del Modelo de Adaptación de Roy, particularmente entre los estímulos y la adaptación fisiológica y psicosocial en pacientes con diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2.

  12. Adaptación en pacientes con diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2, según Modelo de Roy

    OpenAIRE

    Margarita Lazcano-Ortiz; Bertha Cecilia Salazar-González

    2009-01-01

    Objetivo. Determinar la influencia entre estímulos focales y contextuales, y la adaptación fisiológica y psicosocial en personas con diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 (DMT2). Material y método. El diseño fue descriptivo, transversal, predictivo. El muestreo fue probabilístico, sistemático. La muestra con 200 participantes de ambos géneros de 30 a 65 años, se determinó para un 95% de confianza, con una potencia de prueba de 90%. Resultados. Los resultados mostraron que el tiempo desde diagnóstico expli...

  13. Introducción a la integración numérica de ecuaciones diferenciales algebraicas de índice 2 con métodos de tipo Runge-Kutta.

    OpenAIRE

    Rojo García, Diego

    2015-01-01

    Tras introducir los conceptos y resultados básicos relacionados con las ecuaciones diferenciales algebraicas, en particular los distintos tipos de índice, se ha abordado la integración numérica de las ecuaciones semi-explícitas de índice 2 mediante métodos Runge-Kutta semi-explícitos. Se han estudiado con detalle las condiciones de orden para dichos métodos, obteniendo para ello los desarrollos de Taylor de la solución exacta y de la solución numérica con la ayuda de la teoría de árboles adec...

  14. Síndrome de Crigler-Najjar tipo 2: um caso atípico = Crigler-Najjar syndrome type 2: an atypical case

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    Raposo, Filipa

    2014-01-01

    Conclusões: A síndrome de Crigler-Najjar tipo 2, embora fenotipicamente semelhante ao tipo 1, tem tratamento e prognóstico diferentes. Neste caso, a apresentação neonatal precoce e os valores de bilirrubina muito elevados, que não cediam totalmente à fototerapia intensiva, levaram inicialmente à suspeita de síndrome de Crigler-Najjar tipo 1, que é a forma mais grave. Os autores pretendem com este caso alertar para uma causa rara de icterícia, que não teve a apresentação típica

  15. Frecuencia de mutaciones en el gen de la usherina (USH2A) en 26 individuos colombianos con síndrome de Usher, tipo II

    OpenAIRE

    López, Greizy; Gelvez, Nancy Yaneth; Tamayo, Martalucía

    2011-01-01

    Introducción. El síndrome de Usher se caracteriza por hipoacusia neurosensorial congénita, retinitis pigmentaria y disfunción vestibular. Es la causa más frecuente de sordo-ceguera en el mundo. Se divide en tres tipos clínicos y doce subtipos genéticos. El tipo II es la forma más común y cerca de 80 % de los casos corresponden al subtipo 2 del síndrome de Usher. Objetivo. Establecer la frecuencia de mutaciones en la isoforma corta del gen USH2A en individuos colombianos con síndrome de Usher,...

  16. Frecuencia de mutaciones en el gen de la usherina (USH2A) en 26 individuos colombianos con síndrome de Usher, tipo II

    OpenAIRE

    Greizy López; Nancy Yaneth Gelvez; Martalucía Tamayo

    2011-01-01

    Introducción. El síndrome de Usher se caracteriza por hipoacusia neurosensorial congénita, retinitis pigmentaria y disfunción vestibular. Es la causa más frecuente de sordo-ceguera en el mundo. Se divide en tres tipos clínicos y doce subtipos genéticos. El tipo II es la forma más común y cerca de 80 % de los casos corresponden al subtipo 2 del síndrome de Usher. Objetivo. Establecer la frecuencia de mutaciones en la isoforma corta del gen USH2A en individuos colombianos con síndrome de Ush...

  17. Complicaciones tardías en diabetes mellitus tipo 2 en el Hospital II Essalud - Cañete

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    Charlton Fernando Untiveros Mayorga

    2004-04-01

    Full Text Available Objetivo: Determinar las características clínicas y las complicaciones tardías en los pacientes con diabetes tipo 2 atendidos en los consultorios de medicina general y del Programa de Diabetes del Hospital II EsSALUD-Cañete. Material y Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo de serie de casos en el que se evaluaron 94 pacientes con diabetes tipo 2 elegidos aleatoriamente durante su control ambulatorio, realizándose una entrevista y evaluación clínica durante los meses de junio y julio del 2001. Resultados: La población de pacientes estudiada tuvo una edad promedio de 64.56 + 11.61. Cincuenta y tres pacientes eran mujeres (56.4%. El 68.1% de los pacientes recibían hipoglicemiantes orales y el 11.7% requerían del uso de insulina. Los transtornos lipídicos predominantes fueron la elevación del LDL-Colesterol y disminución del HDL-Colesterol. La retinopatía diabética (88.9% e hipertensión arterial (61.3% fueron las complicaciones más frecuentes. Vasculopatía periférica, neuropatía periférica y neuropatía autonómica fueron otras complicaciones crónicas frecuentes halladas en la población de estudio. Conclusiones: Las complicaciones cardiovasculares (micro y macrovasculares en la población de pacientes con diabetes tipo 2 atendidos ambulatoriamente en el Hospital II EsSALUD-Cañete fueron las más frecuentes. (Rev Med Hered 2004; 15:64-69.

  18. ESTILO DE VIDA Y ADHERENCIA AL TRATAMIENTO DE LA POBLACIÓN CANARIA CON DIABETES MELLITUS TIPO 2

    OpenAIRE

    Antonio Cabrera de León; José Carlos del Castillo Rodríguez; Santiago Domínguez Coello; María del Cristo Rodríguez Pérez; Buenaventura Brito Díaz; Carlos Borges Álamo; Lourdes Carrillo Fernández; Delia Almeida González; José Juan Alemán Sánchez; Ana González Hernández; Armando Aguirre-Jaime

    2009-01-01

    Fundamento: la población canaria sufre la mayor mortalidad por diabetes tipo 2 (DM2) en España. El objetivo de este estudio es conocer el estilo de vida de las personas diabéticas del archipiélago y su adherencia al tratamiento, así como la DM2 desconocida. Métodos: estudio transversal de 6.729 personas de la población general participantes en la cohorte "CDC de Canarias" (edad 18-75 años). Se obtuvieron sus antecedentes médicos, dieta, actividad física, medicamentos consumidos, tabaco, etc. ...

  19. Autopsia verbal en hombres adultos con diabetes tipo 2: estudio cualitativo

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    Geu Mendoza-Catalán

    2017-09-01

    Full Text Available Introducción: La diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DMT2 es un padecimiento crónico cuya incidencia se incrementa en forma alarmante. El objetivo fue identificar los factores asociados al no autocuidado en hombres con muerte prematura y diagnóstico de DMT2. Materiales y Métodos: Se realizaron seis entrevistas cualitativas a familiares de hombres con DMT2 que fallecieron por complicaciones de su enfermedad, utilizando la metodología de la autopsia verbal. Los resultados se analizaron mediante el análisis de contenido. Resultados: Dentro de los factores que surgieron como limitantes para el autocuidado fueron: la negación de la DMT2, el trabajo, el machismo, preferencia en los alimentos, apoyo familiar, el consumo de alcohol, el consumo de tabaco y la depresión. Discusión: Los hombres con DMT2 se ven influenciados por diversas circunstancias que limitan cuidarse, atenderse y por consiguiente presentar desventajas de salud, complicaciones e incluso una muerte temprana. Conclusiones: Desde la perspectiva de enfermería los resultados ayudan a comprender el comportamiento de los hombres ante esta enfermedad en donde se requiere cuidado constante, a la par que una conciencia legítima de que no se deja de ser hombre por cuidarse.  Cómo citar este artículo: Mendoza-Catalán G, Gallegos-Cabriales EC, Figueroa-Perea JG. Autopsia verbal en hombres adultos con diabetes tipo 2: estudio cualitativo. Rev Cuid. 2017; 8(3: 1786-98. http://dx.doi.org/10.15649/cuidarte.v8i3.420

  20. Diabetes mellitus tipo 2 y resistencia a la insulina

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    Enrique Cipriani-Thorne

    2010-07-01

    Full Text Available Se analizó la literatura de los últimos 15 años para poder objetivar los temas que son materia de esta comunicación. En primer lugar se analiza en qué consiste el llamado Síndrome Metabólico, sus características; a continuación se resume la historia natural de la Diabetes Mellitus tipo II y su patogenia. Se revisa la importancia de la resistencia a la insulina en el músculo estriado principal órgano de combustión de la glucosa y el factor mitocondrial de la resistencia a la insulina. Se analiza además la importancia de resistencia a la insulina con respecto al metabolismo del hígado y en particular a las alteraciones del metabolismo del colesterol y de los triglicéridos. Se hace un comentario extenso de cómo así la Diabetes Mellitus Tipo II es considerada en la actualidad como una enfermedad de origen inflamatorio y por último se discuten las consecuencias de la hiperinsulinemia, dado que el exceso de insulina es producido por el bloqueo en la línea metabólica de su acción más no en su línea de producir proliferación tisular.(Rev Med Hered 2010;21:160-170.

  1. Estresse em mulheres com Diabetes mellitus tipo 2

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Juliana Cristina Lessmann

    2011-06-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: O objetivo do estudo foi investigar a relação entre estresse e Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 em mulheres. MÉTODO: Estudo transversal prospectivo, desenvolvido com 147 mulheres, utilizando a Escala de Estresse Percebido (PSS. RESULTADOS: Houve associação entre as variáveis testadas, sendo possível inferir que as mulheres com estresse elevado são as que vivenciaram sofrimento e apresentam controle glicêmico alterado, ou seja, com valores superiores a 180 mg/dL. A maioria relatou sofrimento decorrente de problemas nas relações interpessoais, óbito, doença de familiares e solidão. CONCLUSÃO: Mulheres com DM2 que convivem com estresse e/ou sofrimento constituem grupo vulnerável ao desenvolvimento de agravos à saúde demandando aos serviços de saúde o desenvolvimento de estratégias que modifiquem esta situação.

  2. ESTUDIO DEL PERFIL LIPÍDICO EN SUJETOS CON DIABETES MELLITUS TIPO 2 DE BOGOTÁ

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    M. Guerra

    2005-12-01

    Full Text Available Los diabéticos tipo 2 (DM 2 pobremente controlados (HbA1c = 7% exhiben disminución del estado antioxidante total y dislipidemia en comparación con los metabólicamente controlados, lo cual puede ser reflejo de incrementos de radicales libres de oxígeno, alteraciones del metabolismo de las lipoproteínas lo que contribuye a desarrollar fenómenos que conducen a complicaciones micro y macrovasculares. Se estudiaron 60 individuos (40-80 años no controlados (n=20, controlados (n=20 y sanos (n=20. El criterio del buen control de la diabetes fue % HbA1c < 7%. Mediante la prueba t de diferencia de medias suponiendo varianzas desiguales se compararon los grupos. Los niveles de Col T, LDL-C, VLDL-C, TG y apo B-100 fueron significativamente más altos (p<0.05 y los de HDL-C y apo A-I más bajos en los DM 2 no controlados comparados con los niveles de los grupos de sujetos con DM 2 controlados y los controles sanos. Los pacientes con regular o pobre control glicémico presentan un perfíl lipídico anormal. Estos resultados son similares al de otros investigadores de diversas latitudes.

  3. Conferencia de consenso: tratamiento de la diabetes tipo 2 en el paciente anciano

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    Gómez Huelgas R

    2013-09-01

    Full Text Available El tratamiento de la diabetes tipo 2 en el anciano representa un importante reto tanto desde el punto de vista clínico como del de la salud pública. El envejecimiento poblacional está condicionando un marcado incremento de la pandemia de diabetes en las personas de edad avanzada. Sin embargo, existen pocas evidencias científicas que apoyen el tratamiento más adecuado de la diabetes en los ancianos. Dada la gran heterogeneidad de la población anciana, que incluye a sujetos con muy diferente capacidad funcional y cognitiva, diversa comorbilidad y con muy diferente expectativa de vida, resulta crucial realizar una valoración global del anciano desde una perspectiva biopsicosocial y abordar integralmente los factores de riesgo vascular, planteando unos objetivos personalizados de control glucémico. En ancianos frágiles o con corta expectativa de vida puede ser razonable mantener un objetivo de HbA1c de 7,6-8,5%. La estrategia terapéutica en el anciano con diabetes tipo 2 debe individualizarse y consensuarse con el paciente y sus cuidadores, en función del objetivo planteado. Mejorar la calidad de vida, preservar la seguridad del paciente y evitar los efectos adversos del tratamiento antidiabético deben ser objetivos básicos. Dada la mayor predisposición de los ancianos a las hipoglucemias y sus graves consecuencias en esta población, deberían priorizarse las terapias antidiabéticas que minimicen el riesgo de episodios hipoglucémicos.

  4. Incertidumbre en adultos diabéticos tipo 2 a partir de la teoría de Merle Mishel

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    Isabel Patricia Gómez-Palencia

    2015-01-01

    Full Text Available Objetivo: describir el nivel de incertidumbre de adultos con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 atendidos en instituciones prestadoras de servi- cios de salud en Cartagena (Colombia. Materiales y métodos: estudio descriptivo a partir de una muestra de 163 pacientes que tuvieran como mínimo dos meses de haber sido diagnosticados con diabetes mellitus tipo 2. El instrumento utilizado fue la escala de la Incerti- dumbre ante la enfermedad de Mishel y para el análisis de los datos fue utilizado el paquete estadístico SPSS versión 20.0. Resultados: del total de participantes 76,1 % mostraron un nivel de incertidumbre regular. El fenómeno de la incertidumbre está más relacionado con la incapacidad para identificar si ha mejorado o no (86,5 % , de predecir o explicar la causa de un malestar físico (76,7 % o predecir el cambio de los síntomas (60,1 % . Conclusiones: para enfermería, abarcar este fenómeno permite una mejor aproximación al análisis de los desafíos y las expectativas de quienes viven con una enfermedad crónica y así proporcionar cuidados que permitan un proceso de adaptación óptimo, que apoyen y enriquezcan la práctica enfermera.

  5. First detection of canine parvovirus type 2c in Brazil Detecção de parvovírus canino tipo 2c no Brasil

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    André Felipe Streck

    2009-09-01

    Full Text Available The presence of canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2, 2a and 2b has been described in Brazil, however, the type 2c had not been reported until now. In the current study, seven out of nine samples from dogs with diarrhea were characterized as CPV-2c, indicating that this virus is already circulating in the Brazilian canine population.No Brasil, a presença do parvovírus canino do tipo 2 (CPV-2, 2a e 2b já havia sido descrita, contudo, ainda não havia sido verificada a presença do tipo 2c. No presente trabalho, sete de nove amostras de cães com diarréia foram caracterizadas como CPV-2c, indicando que este vírus já está circulando na população canina no Brasil.

  6. Personas con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 y su capacidad de agencia de autocuidado, Cartagena Pessoas com diabete mellitus tipo 2 e sua capacidade de agência de autocuidado, Cartagena Patients with Type 2 Mellitus Diabetes and their Self-Care Agency Capacity, Cartagena

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    Arleth Herrera Lían

    2012-07-01

    Full Text Available Contexto: La diabetes mellitus tipo 2 se constituye en un problema de salud pública por las repercusiones bio-psicosociales, la presencia de complicaciones neurovasculares y metabólicas en la persona que la padece. Enfermería cumple un papel importante a través de la educación y la capacitación. Objetivo: Identificar la capacidad de agencia de autocuidado de las personas con diagnóstico de diabetes mellitus tipo 2, inscritos en los programas de control de diabetes en 19 UPAS de Cartagena. Metodología: diseño descriptivo con abordaje cuantitativo, en una muestra de 225 adultos de ambos sexos, seleccionados en forma aleatoria. La capacidad de agencia de autocuidado se identificó con la escala de Valoración de las capacidades de autocuidado, desarrollada por Isenberg y Everest, traducida al español por Gallegos y adaptada por la Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Para presentar los datos se utilizó la estadística descriptiva, los resultados se presentan en tablas y gráficas. Resultados: Predominó el sexo femenino (68,4 %; la unión libre (59,1 %; escolaridad (50,6 % con básica primaria; bajos ingresos económicos (menos de un salario mínimo mensual vigente, 34.7 %. Al valorar la capacidad de agencia de autocuidado, el 73.8 % de los pacientes obtuvo una calificación de muy buena (76-100 %, según escala. Al valorar los aspectos comprendidos en la escala se encontró que más del 50 % de las personas siempre sacan tiempo para ellos, piden explicación sobre su salud, examinan su cuerpo para ver si hay cambios y conservan un ambiente limpio. Conclusiones: El apoyo social recibido por los pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 y las prácticas de higiene personal y del entorno, el conocimiento y la adherencia a la dieta, permiten a los pacientes una buena capacidad de agencia de autocuidado.Contexto: A diabete mellitus tipo 2 se configura como um problema de saúde pública por conta das repercussões biopsicossociais e da presen

  7. Efeito do treinamento combinado e aeróbio no controle glicêmico no diabetes tipo 2

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    Antônio Renato Pereira Moro

    Full Text Available INTRODUÇÃO: O diabetes tipo 2 é um grupo heterogêneo de doença metabólica causada por uma disfunção na secreção da insulina e/ou ação desta. OBJETIVOS: Comparar o efeito de duas modalidades de treinamento, o combinado (aeróbio e resistido e o aeróbio, no controle glicêmico no diabetes tipo 2. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: A pesquisa caracteriza-se por ser um estudo quase-experimental. Após aprovação do CEP, com registro 09.071.4.08. III, deu-se início ao programa de treinamento combinado e aeróbio. Foram selecionados 24 participantes, de ambos os gêneros, sedentários, com média de idade de 60,41 ± 7,87. Os participantes foram divididos aleatoriamente em dois grupos: treinamento combinado (n = 12 e treinamento aeróbio (n = 12; ambos foram avaliados no início e final do estudo. A concentração sérica de glicose foi determinada pelo sistema Vitros e a hemoglobina glicosilada foi determinada pelo método Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Performance. O treinamento foi realizado três vezes por semana, com duração total de 20 semanas. Os dados são expressos em média e desvio-padrão. Foi aplicado o teste t pareado (p < 0,05 para comparar a média basal e após 20 semanas de treinamento. RESULTADOS: A média da glicose em jejum do treinamento combinado reduziu significativamente, de 167,41 ± 38,13 para 119,83 ± 20,91, sendo que o mesmo ocorreu com o treinamento aeróbio de 189,83 ± 63,57 para 139,91 ± 34,04. Os valores da hemoglobina glicosilada no treinamento combinado e treinamento aeróbio reduziram significativamente, de 8,61 ± 1,17 para 7,25 ± 1,24 e de 9,52 ± 2,46 para 8,37 ± 1,50, respectivamente. CONCLUSÃO: O treinamento combinado foi mais eficaz em relação à hemoglobina glicosilada e o treinamento aeróbio, na glicose plasmática.

  8. Divergência genética entre genótipos de frangos tipo caipira

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    R. C. Veloso

    2015-10-01

    Full Text Available RESUMOObjetivou-se com este trabalho verificar a divergência genética entre sete genótipos de frangos tipo caipira da linhagem Redbro utilizando as características de desempenho por meio de técnicas de análise multivariada. Foram utilizados 840 pintos de um dia, machos, distribuídos em delineamento inteiramente ao acaso, dos seguintes genótipos: Caboclo, Carijó, Colorpak, Gigante Negro, Pesadão Vermelho, Pescoço Pelado e Tricolor. Após a consistência dos dados, foram avaliadas as seguintes variáveis: ganho em peso médio diário, consumo de ração médio diário e conversão alimentar, para os períodos: 1 a 28, 1 a 56, 1 a 70 e 1 a 84 dias de idade; peso corporal ao nascimento, aos 28, 56, 70 e aos 84 dias de idade. O desempenho dos genótipos foi avaliado por meio da análise de variância multivariada e da função discriminante linear de Fisher, usando os testes do maior autovalor de Roy e da união-interseção de Roy para as comparações múltiplas. O estudo da divergência genética foi feito por meio da análise por variáveis canônicas e pelo método de otimização de Tocher. Os genótipos Caboclo e Gigante Negro apresentaram médias canônicas diferentes dos demais genótipos. As duas primeiras variáveis canônicas explicaram 97,41% da variação entre os genótipos. A divergência genética entre os genótipos avaliados permitiu a formação de quatro grupos com os seguintes genótipos: grupo 1 - Colorpak; grupo 2 - Pesadão Vermelho e Pescoço Pelado; grupo 3 - Carijó e Tricolor; e grupo 4 - Caboclo e Gigante Negro.

  9. Ejercicio de resistencia muscular en adultos con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 Exercício de resistência muscular em adultos com diabetes mellitus tipo 2 Endurance training in adults with diabetes mellitus type 2

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    Karina Asunción Muñoz Canché

    2005-02-01

    Full Text Available Objetivos. Probar la efectividad del ejercicio de resistencia muscular en las cifras de hemoglobina glucosilada (HbA1c, en la fuerza muscular y en la fortaleza muscular percibida; explorar la influencia de la dieta, otros ejercicios, hipoglucemiantes y manifestaciones asociadas a episodios de hipoglucemia o hiperglucemia sobre el control glucémico de adultos con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 provenientes de los consultorios de endocrinología de dos hospitales públicos de la Ciudad de Monterrey, México. Procedimientos básicos. Se usó un diseño de 12 semanas de grupo control no equivalente con dos grupos, experimental (n1 = 14 y control (n2 = 11. Los participantes contaron con la recomendación de su médico para participar. Las sesiones de ejercicio fueron de una hora, dos veces por semana. Resultados. El grupo experimental mostró decremento significativo en el porcentaje de HbA1c, e incremento en la fuerza muscular y fortaleza muscular percibida (p Objetivos: Provar a efetividade do exercício de resistência muscular nas taxas de hemoglobina A glicosilada (HbA1c, na força muscular e no fortalecimento muscular percebido, explorar a influência da dieta, outros exercícios, hipoglicemiantes e manifestações associadas a episódios de hipoglicemia ou hiperglicemia sobre o controle glicêmico de adultos com diabetes mellitus tipo 2, provenientes dos consultórios de endocrinologia de dois hospitales públicos da Cidade de Monterrey, México. Procedimentos básicos: Foi utilizado um desenho de 12 semanas de grupo controle não equivalente com dois grupos, experimental (n1=14 e controle (n2=11. Os participantes tiveram recomendação de seu médico para participar. As sessões de exercício foram de uma hora, duas vezes por semana. Resultados: O grupo experimental apresentou decréscimo significativo nas taxas de HbA1c, incremento na força muscular e fortalecimento muscular percebido (pObjectives. Test the effects of an endurance training

  10. Adenopatías generalizadas como presentación de la reacción leprótica tipo 2.

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    Gerzaín Rodríguez

    2003-12-01

    Full Text Available Las reacciones en los pacientes con lepra son manifestaciones clínicas graves de inflamación aguda en las lesiones crónicas del enfermo, capaces de producir daño irreversible e incapacitante. Estudiamos un hombre de 46 años con reacción leprótica tipo 2, que consultó por fiebre, malestar general, sensación de obstrucción nasal, nódulos cutáneos y adenopatías generalizadas. El cuadro hemático mostró leucocitosis con neutrofilia. Entre varios diagnósticos clínicos sugeridos no se pensó en lepra. Una biopsia ganglionar demostró necrosis extensa del órgano que estaba infiltrado por polimorfonucleares y macrófagos espumosos, con necrosis de vénulas y depleción linfoide. No se hizo coloración de ZN, pero sí de Gomori, que tiñó muy bien los bacilos de Hansen, pero no se detectaron por el patólogo, que no hizo un diagnóstico concluyente. Veinte meses después, el paciente presentó síntomas semejantes con adenopatías generalizadas y nódulos cutáneos más numerosos, la biopsia de uno de los cuales demostró lepra lepromatosa con eritema nodoso leproso o reacción tipo 2. El tratamiento antileproso con poliquimioterapia y antirreaccional con talidomida curó al paciente, que 3 años después no presenta secuelas, pese a los 20 meses transcurridos para precisarse el diagnóstico. Comentamos este caso clínico y revisamos los factores predisponentes, la histopatología, los diagnósticos diferenciales de la adenopatía leprosa, la patogenia, el pronóstico y el tratamiento de la reacción tipo 2 en lepra, que constituye una urgencia médica, capaz de originar incapacidad grave y que, como en este enfermo, puede cursar con adenopatías como signos y síntomas predominantes.

  11. Isquemia miocárdica silente en diabéticos tipo 2 Silent myocardial ischemia in type 2 diabetes patients

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    Yordanka Piña Rivera

    2012-08-01

    Full Text Available Objetivos: determinar la frecuencia de isquemia miocárdica silente en diabéticos tipo 2 y su relación con el control metabólico. Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal en 79 pacientes asintomáticos con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 sin antecedentes de cardiopatía isquémica, hipertensión arterial o de ser fumador, que acudieron a la Consulta de Endocrinología del Hospital Militar Central "Dr. Carlos J. Finlay", entre febrero de 2009 y febrero de 2011. Se les realizó ecocardiografía con doppler tisular y se determinaron los niveles de glucemia en ayunas, posprandial, hemoglobina glucosilada, colesterol y triglicéridos. Las variables clínicas analizadas en relación con la isquemia miocárdica silente fueron: edad, sexo, tiempo de evolución de la diabetes e índice de masa corporal. Para las variables cualitativas se utilizaron distribuciones de frecuencia con el cálculo del porcentaje y para establecer relación entre variables la prueba de chi cuadrado. Resultados: la edad media del total de pacientes fue de 54 años, de ellos el 69,1 % correspondió al sexo masculino y el 31,9 % al femenino. En el 20,2 % de los pacientes se observaron signos de isquemia miocárdica por doppler tisular, y de ellos, un 75 % tuvo niveles patológicos de colesterol total, con relación estadísticamente significativa (p= 0,01, sujetos que tuvieron 4,4 veces más riesgo relativo de presentar isquemia miocárdica, que los pacientes con colesterol normal. Las cifras de glucemia en ayunas, posprandial y hemoglobina glucosilada fueron significativamente mayor en el grupo con isquemia. Los pacientes con niveles elevados de glucemia en ayunas tuvieron 10,5 veces más riesgo de isquemia miocárdica que los que tenían cifras adecuadas. Igualmente, los casos con cifras elevadas de glucemia posprandial presentaron 12 veces más riesgo de enfermar. Conclusiones: la isquemia miocárdica silente es frecuente en los diabéticos tipo 2 y se relaciona

  12. EDUCAÇÃO EM SAÚDE A PORTADORES DE DIABETES MELLITUS TIPO 2: REVISÃO BIBLIOGRÁFICA

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    Ana Roberta Vilarouca da Silva

    2009-01-01

    Full Text Available La educación en salud posibilita capacitación y acciones transformadoras que favorecen el cambio de pensamientos y ac- ciones, bien aprovechado en las enfermedades crónicas, entre las cuales se destaca la Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2 (DM2. Así, el objetivo fue identificar las estrategias de educación en salud con énfasis en los portadores de DM2 implícitas en artículos dis- ponibles en los bancos de datos MEDLINE, LILACS, BDENF y SciELO, en el período de 1997 a 2007. Se utilizaron los descriptores “educación en salud” y “diabetes mellitus tipo2”, siendo seleccionados artículos disponibles por completo. Los datos fueron sintetizados en planilla y analizados según la literatura específica. Las estrategias utilizadas fueron: Educación interactiva, intervención educativa comunitaria, juegos en grupos operativos, seminarios educativos, acompañamiento periódico de los parámetros clínicos y bioquímicos, visitas domiciliarias, conferencias educativas, actividades prácticas sobre alimentación y ejercicio físico, exámenes médicos oftálmicos, relato de casos y colonia educativa. Se enfocó la adquisición de conocimien- to y auto-cuidado. Se sugiere la realización de estudios longitudinales apoyados en la concepción positiva de la salud.

  13. Ensayos clínicos de exenatida y su rol en el tratamiento de la diabetes tipo 2 Exenatide trials for the treatment of type 2 diabetes

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    Laura Fernández Landó

    2009-10-01

    Full Text Available La diabetes mellitus tipo 2 es una enfermedad metabólica crónica, frecuente y progresiva, responsable del 90% de los casos de diabetes a nivel mundial. Aproximadamente el 60% de los individuos que padecen este desorden no alcanzan niveles óptimos de hemoglobina glicosilada, a pesar de la disponibilidad de numerosas alternativas terapéuticas. Los dos objetivos más importantes a cumplir en el manejo actual de la diabetes tipo 2 son la capacidad de los agentes antidiabéticos de exhibir eficacia prolongada y la capacidad de preservar la función de las células beta pancreáticas. El efecto incretina se encuentra reducido en pacientes con diabetes tipo 2. Exenatida pertenece a un nuevo grupo de drogas antidiabéticas que mejoran el control de la glucemia en estos pacientes a través de mecanismos fisiológicos glucorregulatorios que mejoran el efecto incretina. Los ensayos clínicos fase III con exenatida demostraron una reducción media de aproximadamente el 1% en los valores de hemoglobina glicosilada. Los datos a largo plazo de estudios de extensión no controlados indican una mejoría sostenida en los niveles de hemoglobina glicosilada y una reducción progresiva del peso luego de 3 años de tratamiento con esta droga. La droga es generalmente bien tolerada y los efectos adversos más frecuentes son los gastrointestinales, con una intensidad leve a moderada. El objetivo de esta revisión es analizar la evidencia publicada hasta la fecha sobre la eficacia y tolerabilidad del tratamiento con exenatida y su rol en el tratamiento de la diabetes tipo 2.Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a common, chronic and progressive metabolic disorder, which accounts for 90% of diabetes cases worldwide. Approximately 60% of individuals with the disease do not achieve target glycosylated hemoglobin levels, despite the availability of many antidiabetic agents. The two most important needs in the present management of diabetes are the ability of antidiabetic agents

  14. Análisis de asociación de polimorfismos en DNA mitocondrial y diabetes Mellitus tipo 2

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    Andrés Ruiz

    2001-04-01

    Full Text Available

    La diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM2 es una enfermedad con herencia compleja, poligénica con heterogenidad genética de locus, cuya susceptibilidad se ha evaluado para más de 250 genes potencialmente involucrados, y se ha encontrado ligamiento a diferentes cromosomas dependiendo de la etnia; además, se han identificado mutaciones en el DNA mitocondrial (mtDNA responsables de DM2, que explican menos del 2% de los casos de DM2 con patrón de herencia materna; se ha tratado de explicar los demás casos con polimorfismos en mtDNA que estén en desequilibrio de ligamiento con cambios en la región
    control (D-Loop que impliquen variación en la eficiencia de la replicación y la transcripción del mtDNA; estos polimorfismos se han utilizado para caracterizar poblaciones humanas; es así como en las poblaciones fundadoras del continente americano se han encontrado haplotipos polimórficos asociados ampliamente a DM2 y obesidad.
    La alta frecuencia de haplotipos mitocondriales amerindios en la
    población antioqueña, nos condujo a hipotetizar que la incidencia de DM2 en nuestro medio se podría explicar por la interacción entre polimorfismos en genes nucleares con haplotipos mitocondriales ancestrales, que conduce a DM2 y obesidad.
    Este trabajo pretende evaluar el grado de asociación entre la
    diabetes tipo 2 y los polimorfismos del mtDNA mediante un estudio de casos y controles.
    Comparar estadísticamente las frecuencias alélicas y haplotípicas
    de loci polimórficos en el mtDNA entre el grupo de casos y el grupo control.

     

  15. Fotossíntese de biótipos de azevém sob condição de competição Photosynthesis of ryegrass biotypes under different competition levels

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    G. Concenço

    2008-01-01

    Full Text Available As características associadas à atividade fotossintética de biótipos de azevém, resistente e suscetível ao herbicida glyphosate, foram avaliadas sob diferentes níveis de competição entre biótipos. O experimento foi realizado em esquema fatorial 2 x 5, com dois biótipos de azevém, resistente e suscetível ao glyphosate, cultivados em planta única no centro da parcela, competindo com zero, um, dois, três ou quatro plantas do biótipo oposto. Cinqüenta dias após a emergência, foram determinadas a taxa de fluxo de gases pelos estômatos (U - µmol s-1, a concentração de CO2 subestomática (Ci - µmol mol-1 e a taxa fotossintética (A - µmol m-2 s-1, sendo calculado ainda o CO2 consumido (ΔC - µmol mol-1 a partir dos valores de CO2 de referência e CO2 na câmara de avaliação. Os dados foram coletados utilizando-se analisador de gases no infravermelho (IRGA, marca ADC, modelo LCA 4. Foi elaborada matriz de correlação entre as variáveis. Os biótipos de azevém resistente e suscetível ao glyphosate não diferiram quanto à atividade fotossintética na ausência de competição. No entanto, a taxa fotossintética foi reduzida com o aumento na intensidade de competição com plantas do biótipo oposto, tanto para o biótipo resistente como para o suscetível, e também para o biótipo resistente quando em competição com plantas do mesmo biótipo. Atribuiu-se tal comportamento ao aumento no sombreamento mútuo e à competição por luz.Characteristics associated with photosynthetic activity of ryegrass biotypes, susceptible and resistant to glyphosate, were evaluated under different competition levels. The experiment was installed in a factorial design, with two ryegrass biotypes, susceptible and resistant to glyphosate, growing in the plot center, surrounded by 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 plants of the opposite biotype. Fifty days after emergence, stomatal gas flow rate (U µmol s¹, sub-stomatal CO2 concentration (Ci - µmol mol-1

  16. Frecuencia de depresión y ansiedad en pacientes con diabetes tipo 2 atendidos en un hospital general de Chiclayo

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    Antero Constantino-Cerna

    2014-10-01

    Full Text Available Objetivos: Estimar la frecuencia de Ansiedad y Depresión, así como su asociación con el control glicémico en pacientes con diabetes tipo 2 atendidos en un hospital de Chiclayo. Material y métodos: Estudio descriptivo transversal. Se incluyeron 270 pacientes diabéticos tipo 2 entre 19 a 60 años que acudieron al consultorio externo de Endocrinología del Hospital Nacional Almanzor Aguinaga Asenjo. Se utilizaron los inventarios de Depresión y Ansiedad de Beck y una ficha de recolección de datos. Se determinaron frecuencias absolutas y relativas y un análisis inferencial exploratorio mediante el cálculo de razones de prevalencia e intervalos de confianza al 95%. Resultados: Hubieron 172 mujeres (64% y 98 hombres (36%. La edad promedio fue 52 ± 6,5 años. Se hallaron 156 (57,78% pacientes con depresión y 176 (65,19% con ansiedad. No hubo asociación entre el control glicémico y depresión (RP = 0,94, IC95% 0,83-1,07, p >0,05 y ansiedad (RP = 0,95, IC95% 0,77-1,16, p >0,05. Conclusiones: La frecuencia de depresión y ansiedad en los pacientes diabéticos tipo 2 fue elevada. No se encontró asociación entre depresión y ansiedad con el control glicémico.

  17. CONSTRUÇÕES BINOMINAIS DO TIPO SN1 DE SN2

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    Karen Sampaio Braga Alonso

    2017-04-01

    Full Text Available Este artigo tem por objetivo investigar a flutuação de sentido quantidade-qualidade licenciada pelo uso de construtos binominais do tipo SN1 de SN2, como xícara de chá, no Português do Brasil.A pesquisa é baseada na perspectiva teórica da Linguística Funcional Centrada no Uso (BYBEE, 2010; BARLOW E KEMMER, 2000; TOMASELLO, 2003, TRAUGOTT, 2008 e busca descrever as propriedades morfossintáticas, semântico-pragmáticas e cognitivas dos usos das construções que favorecem uma leitura ora qualitativa ora quantitativa, no que se refere à relação entre SN1 e SN2.

  18. NEUMOTÓRAX ESPONTÁNEO ASOCIADO A FIBROSIS PULMONAR EN UN PACIENTE CON NEUROFIBROMATOSIS TIPO 2

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Gabriel Alcalá Cerra

    2010-04-01

    Full Text Available El compromiso pulmonar en pacientes con neurofibromatosis ha sido reiteradamente descrito como una complicación muy rara en la variedad tipo 1. Se caracteriza por enfermedad pulmonar intersticial difusa, fibrosis pulmonar, neoplasias torácicas y formación de bulas, estas últimas, con alto riesgo de ruptura. Describimos un caso de neumotórax espontáneo en una paciente con neurofibromatosis tipo 2, como consecuencia de cambios fibróticos pulmonares. A nuestro conocimiento, esta asociación no había sido reportada.

  19. Consumo de Café e o Risco de Desenvolver Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2

    OpenAIRE

    Ferreira, Diana Isabel Gomes

    2015-01-01

    A diabetes mellitus tipo 2 é uma doença crónica, que está associada a altas taxas de morbidade e mortalidade prematura. O aumento da indicência desta patologia, muito em parte pelos actuais estilos de vida adoptados, tem levado ao interesse do estudo da DM2. O consumo regular de café tem vindo a ser associado de forma positiva com a DM2 e por ser umas das bebidas mais consumidas na actualidade, leva a uma crescente preocupação em conhecer os seus benefícios e malefícios, desencadeando o in...

  20. Alteraciones electrocardiográficas y factores de riesgo cardiovascular en pacientes con diabetes tipo 2 Electrocardiographic abnormalities and cardiovascular risk factors in patients with type 2 diabetes

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Martha Rodríguez-Morán

    1999-01-01

    Full Text Available Objetivo. Determinar cuáles son las alteraciones del ritmo y la conducción cardiaca más frecuentes en pacientes con diabetes tipo 2 sin cardiopatía previa y establecer su asociación con los factores de riesgo cardiovascular. Material y métodos. Se incluyeron pacientes con diabetes tipo 2 sin presencia o antecedentes de cardiopatía. Se determinaron los factores de riesgo cardiovascular, el índice de masa corporal y los niveles séricos de glucosa, colesterol y triglicéridos. Se registró electrocardiograma convencional en reposo. La asociación de las variables en estudio con la ocurrencia de arritmias se calculó con un modelo de análisis multivariado ajustado por sexo. Resultados. Se integraron 199 pacientes: 113 mujeres (56.8% y 86 hombres (43.2%, y se identificó algún tipo de alteración electrocardiográfica en 29.1% de los sujetos. El hemibloqueo fascicular anterior (HFA y el bloqueo completo de rama derecha del Haz de His (BRDHH, constituyeron 75.9% de las alteraciones identificadas. Los pacientes con trastornos del ritmo y la conducción tienen niveles más elevados de colesterol y triglicéridos. La aparición de arritmias se relaciona directamente con el incremento de la edad (r= 0.75, p= 0.01. En el análisis multivariado ajustado por sexo la hipercolesterolemia y la edad se asociaron significativamente con las alteraciones del ritmo y la conducción: RM 1.5, IC95% 1.1-4.6, pObjective. To determine the most frequent alterations in rhythm and cardiac conduction in patients with type 2 diabetes without previous cardiopathy, and to establish the association of this disease with cardiovascular risk factors. Material and methods. Subjects with type 2 diabetes, without cardiopathy antecedents were included in the study. Cardiovascular risk factors, body mass index and serum glucose, cholesterol and trygliceride levels were determined. A resting electrocardiogram was recorded. The association between the variables under study and

  1. Coste-efectividad de la adición de acarbosa al tratamiento de pacientes con diabetes tipo 2 en España

    OpenAIRE

    Piñol, Carme; Roze, Stephane; Valentine, William; Evers, Thomas

    2007-01-01

    Objetivos: Evaluar el coste-efectividad de la adición de acarbosa al tratamiento de pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM2) en España. Métodos: Se utilizó el CORE Diabetes Model (modelo de simulación informática publicado y validado) para proyectar a largo plazo los resultados clínicos y de costes de la DM2. Las probabilidades de transición y los riesgos se obtuvieron de distintas publicaciones. Los efectos del tratamiento y las características basales de la cohorte se obtuvieron de un m...

  2. Phase diagrams of systems of Sr2V2O7-M2V2O7 and of Ba2V2O7-M2V2O7 (M=Ca,Cd)

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Fotiev, A.A.; Zhuravlev, V.D.; Zhukov, V.P.

    1982-01-01

    Using the methods of X-ray phase and differential thermal anlyses phase equilibria in the systems Sr 2 V 2 O 7 -M 2 V 2 O 7 and Ba 2 V 2 O 7 -M 2 V 2 O 7 , where M--Ca, Cd, are studied, their phase diagrams being built. New double pyrovanadates Mosub(0.5)Srsub(1.5)Vsub(2)Osub(7) and MBaV 2 O 7 are found [ru

  3. Controle inadequado da pressão arterial em pacientes com diabete melito tipo 2 Control inadecuado de la presión arterial en pacientes con diabetes melito tipo 2 Inadequate blood pressure control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Lana C. Pinto

    2010-05-01

    Full Text Available FUNDAMENTO: Existem evidências indicando que o controle pressórico é mais efetivo na redução de complicações macrovasculares do diabete melito (DM do que o controle glicêmico. No entanto, a redução da PA para os níveis recomendados pelas diretrizes é difícil na prática clínica. OBJETIVO: Avaliar o percentual de pacientes que apresentavam simultaneamente DM tipo 2 e hipertensão arterial sistêmica (HAS, atendidos em hospital terciário, com controle pressórico adequado, e determinar os fatores clínicos e laboratoriais associados. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal com 348 pacientes com DM tipo 2 e HAS atendidos no ambulatório de Endocrinologia do Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre. Os pacientes foram submetidos à anamnese, exame físico, com medida da pressão arterial (PA, e foi coletada amostra de sangue e urina para análise laboratorial. Os pacientes foram divididos em três grupos: controle pressórico ideal (FUNDAMENTO: Hay evidencias indicando que el control de presión es más efectivo en la reducción de complicaciones macrovasculares de la diabetes melito (DM que el control glucémico. Sin embargo, la reducción de la PA para los niveles recomendados por las directrices es difícil en la práctica clínica. OBJETIVO: Evaluar el porcentual de pacientes que presentaban simultáneamente DM tipo 2 y hipertensión arterial sistémica (HAS, atendidos en hospital terciario, con control de presión adecuado, y determinar los factores clínicos y laboratoriales asociados. MÉTODOS: Estudio transversal con 348 pacientes con DM tipo 2 y HAS atendidos en el ambulatorio de Endocrinología del Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre. Los pacientes fueron sometidos a anamnesis, examen físico, con medición de la presión arterial (PA, y se recolectó muestra de sangre y orina para análisis laboratorial. Los pacientes se dividieron en tres grupos: control de presión ideal ( 140/90 mmHg. RESULTADOS: El promedio de edad fue de 61,2

  4. Efeito do treinamento aeróbio nos níveis de homocisteína em indivíduos diabéticos do tipo 2

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Alexandre de Souza e Silva

    2015-08-01

    Full Text Available INTRODUÇÃO: Os programas de treinamento aeróbio têm demonstrado bons resultados no controle das variáveis de risco cardiovascular em indivíduos diabéticos; no entanto, os efeitos nos níveis de homocisteína não estão claros. Objetivo: Analisar os efeitos do treinamento aeróbio nos níveis plasmáticos de homocisteína e fatores de risco cardiovascular em indivíduos diabéticos do tipo 2.MÉTODOS: Participaram do estudo 15 mulheres com diabetes do tipo 2 e média de idade 68,86 ± 11,2 anos. Todos os indivíduos da amostra foram submetidos a um teste de avaliação do consumo máximo de oxigénio (VO2máx seguindo o protocolo de Bruce, avaliação da pressão arterial e avaliação antropométrica. Foi também efetuada uma coleta de 10 ml de sangue (veia antecubital em jejum de no mínimo 12 horas. O plasma foi separado e processado para posterior análise da concentração de homocisteína (mmol/l, colesterol total (mg/dl, lipoproteína de muito baixa densidade (VLDL (mg/dl, lipoproteína de baixa densidade (LDL (mg/dl, lipoproteína de alta densidade (HDL (mg/dl, triglicérides (mg/dl e glicemia (mg/dl. Os testes foram feitos antes e após 16 semanas de treinamento aeróbio. O programa foi realizado com 2 sessões de treinamento não consecutivas por semana, com intensidade compreendida entre 60% e 70% da frequência cardíaca máxima e duração de 75 minutos por sessão.RESULTADOS: Os resultados observados revelam que o programa de exercício físico induziu uma diminuição não significativa da concentração plasmática de homocisteína. Foram ainda identificadas melhorias do perfil lipídico e do Consumo Máximo de Oxigênio (VO2máx, diminuição da glicemia, da pressão arterial diastólica, do percentual de gordura e massa gorda.CONCLUSÃO: Conclui-se que o programa de treinamento aeróbio reduziu o risco cardiovascular em indivíduos diabéticos do tipo 2, embora a alteração da homocisteína não tenha sido significativa.

  5. A proposal for M2-brane-anti-M2-brane action

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Garousi, Mohammad R.

    2010-01-01

    We propose a manifestly SO(8) invariant BF type Lagrangian for describing the dynamics of M2-brane-anti-M2-brane system in flat spacetime. When one of the scalars which satisfies a free-scalar equation takes a large expectation value, the M2-brane-anti-M2-brane action reduces to the tachyon DBI action of D2-brane-anti-D2-brane system in flat spacetime.

  6. Comportamento alimentar em mulheres portadoras de diabetes tipo 2 Eating behavior among type 2 diabetes women

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Denise Siqueira Péres

    2006-04-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Conhecer os pensamentos, sentimentos e comportamentos em relação à dieta de mulheres portadoras de diabetes tipo 2. MÉTODOS: Trata-se de um estudo descritivo exploratório, de natureza qualitativa. Foram entrevistadas oito mulheres portadoras de diabetes tipo 2 em uma Unidade Básica de Saúde do município de Ribeirão Preto, SP, em janeiro de 2003. Foi utilizada entrevista semi-estruturada para a coleta dos dados. O referencial teórico adotado foi a teoria das representações sociais. Os registros audiogravados e transcritos foram submetidos à análise temática de conteúdo. RESULTADOS: Os resultados evidenciaram dificuldade no seguimento da dieta prescrita, em função dos diversos significados associados, tais como a perda do prazer de comer e beber, da autonomia e da liberdade para se alimentar. Assim, seguir a dieta adquire caráter extremamente aversivo e cerceador, tendo representação de que realizá-la traz prejuízos à saúde. A freqüente ausência de sintomas foi citada como um dos aspectos que dificultam o seguimento da dieta. Outra dificuldade foi tocar, olhar e manipular os alimentos durante o seu preparo e não poder ingeri-los. Os alimentos doces despontaram como algo extremamente desejado. Transgressão e desejo alimentar estão igualmente presentes na vida das pessoas entrevistadas. Seguir o padrão dietético recomendado elicia tristeza, e o ato de comer, muitas vezes, vem acompanhado de medo, culpa e revolta. CONCLUSÕES: O comportamento alimentar da mulher portadora de diabetes tipo 2 é bastante complexo e precisa ser compreendido à luz dos aspectos psicológicos, biológicos, sociais, culturais, psicológicos e econômicos para maior eficácia das intervenções educativas.OBJECTIVE: To explore type 2 diabetes women's thoughts, feelings and behaviors concerning diet. METHODS: A descriptive, exploratory qualitative study was carried out among eight type 2 diabetes women from a primary health care unit

  7. The perspectives of Brazilian homemakers concerning living with type 2 diabetes mellitus La perspectiva de ama de casa brasileña sobre la vida con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 As perspectivas de donas de casa brasileiras sobre a sua experiência com diabetes mellitus tipo 2

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Denise Maria Guerreiro Vieira da Silva

    2012-06-01

    Full Text Available The purpose of this study is to present an understanding of the experience of Brazilian homemakers with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2. A descriptive exploratory design was used and semi-structured interviews were conducted with 25 Brazilian homemakers concerning their experience. The interviews were recorded, transcribed, and the resulting text was analyzed using the sequential step method. Data converged to one dominant category, "constructing one's identity in the family context", which is comprised of three categories: gender differences; day-to-day concerns; and incongruity between knowledge and behavior related to DM2. These findings suggest that participants construct their identities within the family context and that their experience of living with DM2 is integral to their self-identification as wives and mothers. This, in turn, has implications for the design and implementation of programs to assist women in managing DM2 effectively.El propósito de este estudio es comprender la experiencia de las amas de casa brasileñas con la diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM2. Se empleo un abordaje exploratorio descriptivo, donde participaron de las entrevistas 25 amas de casa de Brasil acerca de su experiencia con el DM. Las entrevistas fueron grabadas, transcritas y el texto resultante se analizó mediante el método secuencial de cuatro etapas: aprensión, síntesis, teorización y transferencia. Los datos se reunieron en un tema dominante: "construyendo su identidad en el contexto familiar", que se compone de tres sub-temas: las diferencias de género, las preocupaciones del cotidiano y la incongruencia entre el conocimiento y el comportamiento relacionado con DM2. Estos hallazgos sugieren que los participantes construyen su propia identidad dentro del contexto familiar y que su experiencia de vivir con DM2 es parte integral de su identificación como esposas y madres. Esto, a su vez, tiene implicaciones para el planeamiento e implementación de

  8. Asociación entre psoriasis y el control de diabetes mellitus tipo 2

    OpenAIRE

    García Montañez, María Andrea

    2014-01-01

    La psoriasis es una enfermedad que se caracteriza por un proceso inflamatorio crónico y exagerado local y sistémico. Se ha encontrado en la literatura una relación entre la psoriasis y el desarrollo de patologías como diabetes mellitus tipo 2 y el mal control de estas patologías, lo cual aumenta la morbimortalidad de estos pacientes. El presente estudio mostró que no se encontró asociación entre psoriasis y el control de la DM2 , y que la variable mas significativa sobre el control es la ad...

  9. Biometria e armazenamento de sementes de genótipos de cacaueiro

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Lucimara Ribeiro Venial

    2017-03-01

    Full Text Available Genótipos de Theobroma cacao L. devem ser melhor estudados, para se identificar aqueles que produzem sementes mais desenvolvidas e viáveis após o armazenamento. Objetivou-se com este trabalho estudar a biometria e dois tempos de armazenamento de sementes de genótipos de cacaueiro. A biometria foi avaliada em oito genótipos de cacaueiro (tratamentos. Foram instalados testes de germinação em delineamento inteiramente ao acaso, no esquema fatorial 8 x 2 (genótipos: CCN51, PH16, CEPEC2002, Ipiranga, SJ02, PS1319, TSH1188 e Comum x dois períodos de armazenamento: 0 e dois dias. O genótipo TSH1188 apresentou maior comprimento, relação comprimento/largura, espessura e massa de 100 sementes. A absorção de água das sementes recém-colhidas dos genótipos é lenta, justificada pelos altos teores de água, o que não caracteriza padrão-trifásico. Os teores de água reduziram em média 2,3 vezes nas sementes armazenadas em relação às recém-colhidas. A germinação das sementes recém-colhidas dos genótipos foi de 100%. Após o armazenamento, as sementes do PS1319 apresentaram a menor redução da germinação (39%, enquanto as dos PH16, CEPEC2002 e SJ02 reduziram 96%. A velocidade de germinação foi maior e o tempo médio menor que dois dias nas sementes recém-colhidas do PS1319, indicando serem mais tolerante à dessecação. Sugere-se o uso dos genótipos TSH1188 e PS1319 em programas de melhoramento genético.

  10. Prevalencia de cardiopatía isquémica asintomática en pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2

    OpenAIRE

    Dulman O. Pineda-De Paz; Mario R. Pineda-De Paz; Yu L. Lee-Tsai; Clara E. Chang; Lissette C. Torres-Salazar; Luis C. Barrios-Lupitou

    2018-01-01

    Resumen: Introducción: La enfermedad cardiovascular es la causa principal de muerte en pacientes con diabetes mellitus. La prevalencia de cardiopatía isquémica asintomática es más alta en pacientes diabéticos que en no diabéticos y se asocia a peor pronóstico. Objetivo: Identificar la prevalencia de cardiopatía isquémica asintomática en pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 en un hospital de tercer nivel de atención de Guatemala y analizar la posible asociación de dicha enfermedad con carac...

  11. Diabetes melito do tipo 2 na infância e adolescência: revisão da literatura Type 2 diabetes in children and adolescents: literature review

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Monica Gabbay

    2003-06-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: análise crítica dos estudos sobre a epidemiologia, fisiopatologia, diagnóstico e tratamento do DM2 no jovem. MÉTODOS: revisão da literatura nos últimos 10 anos, através de pesquisa no banco de dados Medline, utilizando os termos "diabetes do tipo 2 no jovem". RESULTADOS: a fisiopatologia do DM2 no jovem é semelhante à do adulto, e compreende tanto a resistência à ação da insulina como uma alteração na função da célula beta-pancreática. O antecedente familiar para DM2, a presença de obesidade, a acanthosis nigricans, o peptídeo C de jejum superior a 0,6 ng/ml, a ausência de auto-anticorpos antiilhotas pancreáticas, em combinações variáveis, são pontos importantes para o diagnóstico desse tipo de DM. Cinco a 25% dos jovens com esse tipo de DM podem apresentar cetoacidose no diagnóstico. Nesses pacientes, o tratamento inicial com insulina é possível de ser descontinuado durante a evolução. A aderência à dieta e ao exercício físico são os elementos mais importantes do tratamento destes adolescentes. CONCLUSÃO: como a obesidade nos jovens tem aumentado, tanto em países industrializados como nos países em industrialização, o DM2 no jovem pode ser considerado um problema emergente também na nossa população.OBJECTIVE: the objective of this manuscript was to perform a critical review of epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis e treatment of T2DM in youth. SOURCES OF DATA: this review is based on the relevant literature published. The sources available for the authors were integrated with sources identified through Medline database. The key words used for searching were "Type 2 Diabetes in the Youth" in the last ten years. SUMMARY OF THE FINDINGS: the pathophysiology (altered beta-cell function and insulin resistance of T2DM in youth is similar to adult's pathophysiology. Familiar Type 2 diabetes history, presence of obesity, acanthosis nigricans, high fasting plasma C-peptide levels and absence of

  12. Adherencia al tratamiento nutricional en pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 que asisten a un programa educativo

    OpenAIRE

    Mariela A. Carvajal

    2017-01-01

    El objetivo de este estudió fue evaluar la adherencia al tratamiento nutricional por medio de la hemoglobina glicosilada en pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 que asistieron a un programa educativo en diabetes en la ciudad de Guatemala, así como evaluar los principales factores que influyen en ella. Se realizó un estudio de tipo prospectivo, longitudinal, experimental, pareado de intervención no medicamentosa. Se utilizó la prueba de Morinsky-Green Levine para evaluar la adherencia al tra...

  13. Diabetes tipo 2 en niños y adolescentes: aspectos clínico-epidemiológicos, patogénicos y terapéuticos Type 2 diabetes mellitus in children and adolescents: clinicoepidemiological, pathogenic and therapeutic aspects

    OpenAIRE

    Manuel Emiliano Licea Puig; Mirelkis Bustamante Teijido; Maritza Lemane Pérez

    2008-01-01

    OBJETIVO: debido al incremento sostenido en la incidencia de la diabetes mellitus tipo 2 en personas < 20 años, nos proponemos revisar aspectos clínico-epidemiológicos, patogénicos y terapéuticos de la diabetes mellitus tipo 2 en niños y adolescentes. DESARROLLO: en la infancia, se estima que la diabetes mellitus tipo 2 representa del 2-3 % de todos los casos. Sin embargo, en los últimos años ha mostrado un incremento de 10 veces. Su prevalencia es mayor en afroamericanos, hispanos y nativos ...

  14. Construction of Δm2--sin2 2θ plots

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Snyder, R.

    1991-01-01

    In the two-flavor approximation, the probability for a neutrino to oscillate from one flavor to the other is given by Ρ νa → νb = sin 2 2θ sin 2 (1.27 Δm 2 L/E ν ) where θ is the mixing angle, Δm 2 = |m νa 2 - m νb 2 | is measured in (eV/c 2 ) 2 , L, the distance from the source, is measured in km, and E, the beam energy, is measured in GeV. If either Δm 2 or sin 2 2Θ is zero, there is no oscillation. They might also have small, non-zero values, causing the oscillations to be so small as to be unobservable in a particular experiment. They may also have values which allow us to determine the probability of oscillation, but so far no compelling evidence for oscillation exists. The universal method of portraying what region of parameter space is explored by a neutrino oscillation experiment is to mark off an area on a Δm 2 vs. sin 2 2θ plot. Typically, a line is graphed, with the claim that if the experiment finds not evidence of oscillation, one can, for example, be 90% certain that Δm 2 and sin 2 2θ lie within the region below and to the left of the line. Since these plots are so widely used, it is useful to understand the process by which they are created

  15. Evaluación integral de la sensibilidad en los pies de las personas con diabetes mellitus tipo 2

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Valentina Rivas Acuña

    2017-01-01

    Full Text Available Introducción: Actualmente la diabetes mellitus tipo 2 es considerada una epidemia en el mundo, es uno de los problemas de mayor trascendencia, por su alta prevalencia como por su enorme repercusión social y económica, por tal motivo el propósito del estudio fue evaluar de manera integral la sensibilidad en los pies de las personas con diabetes mellitus tipo 2, de Villahermosa, Tabasco, México. Materiales y Métodos: El diseño fue descriptivo correlacional, la muestra fue de 198 personas. Se utilizó el Test del Michigan Neuropathy Screening con monofilamento de Semme Weinstein, Diapasón, temperatura frío/calor y reflejo Aquileo. Resultados y Discusión: El sexo femenino predominó con un 70.2% y el 29.8% hombres, el promedio de edad fue 56.44 años y 12.34 años promedio con la enfermedad. El 46% registró síntomas neuropáticos moderados, 26.3% graves; el 65.7% riesgo de neuropatía positiva (40.9% mujeres y 24.8% hombres, 41.1% con pérdida de sensibilidad moderada y 29.3% sensibilidad normal; el 74.7% tiene un control glucémico deficiente. Los factores de riesgo detectados con mayor prevalencia fueron helomas, hiperqueratosis y deformidades. Conclusiones: Existe una correlación significativa entre la pérdida de la sensibilidad con los años con la enfermedad, con la hiperglucemia y síntomas de neuropatía, la pérdida de sensibilidad en mujeres es de moderada a grave y en los hombres la pérdida de la sensibilidad es moderada. Cómo citar este artículo: Rivas V, Mateo Y, García H, Martínez A, Magaña M, Carrillo R.  Evaluación integral de la sensibilidad en los pies de las personas con diabetes mellitus tipo 2. Rev Cuid. 2017; 8(1:1423-32. http://dx.doi.org/10.15649/cuidarte.v8i1.348

  16. Observations of M dwarfs beyond 2.2 μm

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Berriman, G.

    1987-01-01

    This paper presents the first systematic spectroscopic observations of M dwarfs beyond 2.2μm. The coolest dwarfs show strong water absorption in the 3μm window, and beyond 4μm, the energy distributions of all the stars fall slightly less steeply than the Rayleigh-Jeans tail of a blackbody. Spectra between 1 and 4μm are essential in deriving accurate luminosities of M dwarfs, and possibly in deriving accurate effective temperatures too. New values reported here are not in general well explained by theoretical models of hydrogen burning stars. This is especially true for those cooler than 3000K: in the HR diagram they lie closer to brown dwarfs, in contrast to recent results based only on photometry. (author)

  17. Homoleptic diphosphacyclobutadiene complexes [M(η(4)-P2C2R2)2]x- (M = Fe, Co; x = 0, 1).

    Science.gov (United States)

    Wolf, Robert; Ehlers, Andreas W; Khusniyarov, Marat M; Hartl, František; de Bruin, Bas; Long, Gary J; Grandjean, Fernande; Schappacher, Falko M; Pöttgen, Rainer; Slootweg, J Chris; Lutz, Martin; Spek, Anthony L; Lammertsma, Koop

    2010-12-27

    The preparation and comprehensive characterization of a series of homoleptic sandwich complexes containing diphosphacyclobutadiene ligands are reported. Compounds [K([18]crown-6)(thf)(2)][Fe(η(4)-P(2)C(2)tBu(2))(2)] (K1), [K([18]crown-6)(thf)(2)][Co(η(4)-P(2)C(2)tBu(2))(2)] (K2), and [K([18]crown-6)(thf)(2)][Co(η(4)-P(2)C(2)Ad(2))(2)] (K3, Ad = adamantyl) were obtained from reactions of [K([18]crown-6)(thf)(2)][M(η(4)-C(14)H(10))(2)] (M = Fe, Co) with tBuC[triple bond]P (1, 2), or with AdC[triple bond]P (3). Neutral sandwiches [M(η(4)-P(2)C(2)tBu(2))(2)] (4: M = Fe 5: M = Co) were obtained by oxidizing 1 and 2 with [Cp(2)Fe]PF(6). Cyclic voltammetry and spectro-electrochemistry indicate that the two [M(η(4)-P(2)C(2)tBu(2))(2)](-)/[M(η(4)-P(2)C(2)tBu(2))(2)] moieties can be reversibly interconverted by one electron oxidation and reduction, respectively. Complexes 1-5 were characterized by multinuclear NMR, EPR (1 and 5), UV/Vis, and Mössbauer spectroscopies (1 and 4), mass spectrometry (4 and 5), and microanalysis (1-3). The molecular structures of 1-5 were determined by using X-ray crystallography. Essentially D(2d)-symmetric structures were found for all five complexes, which show the two 1,3-diphosphacyclobutadiene rings in a staggered orientation. Density functional theory calculations revealed the importance of covalent metal-ligand π bonding in 1-5. Possible oxidation state assignments for the metal ions are discussed.

  18. Papel da 2-tridecanona e dos tricomas glandulares tipo VI na resistência do tomateiro a Tuta absoluta Role of 2-tridecanone and type VI glandular trichome on tomato resistance to Tuta absoluta

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Elsa Gilardón

    2001-07-01

    Full Text Available O metabólito secundário 2-tridecanona, secretado pelos tricomas glandulares tipo VI das folhas de tomateiro silvestre, Lycopersicon hirsutum L., confere-lhe resistência a uma grande variedade de insetos, inclusive a traça-do-tomateiro, Tuta absoluta (Meyrick. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a concentração de 2- tridecanona, a densidade de tricomas glandulares tipo VI e o grau de infestação da traça-do-tomateiro na cultivar suscetível 'Uco Plata' (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill., na linhagem resistente PI 134417 (L. hirsutum f. glabratum e em suas progênies F1 e F2. Foram avaliadas ainda as possíveis associações entre a concentração de 2-tridecanona, a densidade de tricomas glandulares tipo VI e o grau de infestação da traça-do-tomateiro. O grau médio de infestação da traça-do-tomateiro em 'Uco Plata' foi significativamente superior ao obtido em PI 134417. Ainda que a concentração de 2-tridecanona tenha sido significativamente superior no parental resistente, a presença deste metabólito somente explicaria parcialmente a resistência (R² = 8,17%. Não se detectaram diferenças significativas na densidade de tricomas tipo VI entre o parental suscetível e o resistente. Este comportamento ocorreu independentemente do conteúdo de 2-tridecanona e do grau de infestação da traça-do-tomateiro.The secondary metabolite 2-tridecanone, secreted by the type VI glandular trichomes present in the leaves of Lycopersicon hirsutum L., make it resistant to a great variety of insects, including the tomato pinworm, Tuta absoluta (Meyrick. The 2-tridecanone concentration, the type VI glandular trichome densities and the pinworm infestation degree were evaluated on the Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. susceptible cultivar 'Uco Plata', on the Lycopersicon hirsutum f. glabratum resistant accession PI 134417 and on their F1 and F2. The mean infestation degree with pinworm larvae was significantly higher in 'Uco Plata' than in PI 134417. The 2

  19. Métodos para identificar o limiar anaeróbio em indivíduos com diabete tipo 2 e em indivíduos não-diabéticos Métodos para identificar el umbral anaeróbico en individuos con diabetes tipo 2 y en individuos no diabéticos Methods to identify the anaerobic threshold for type-2 diabetic and non-diabetic subjects

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    Herbert G. Simões

    2010-01-01

    Full Text Available FUNDAMENTO: Apesar de o limiar anaeróbio (LAn ser utilizado na avaliação funcional de diferentes populações, estudos comparando métodos para sua identificação em diabéticos tipo-2 tem sido pouco realizados. OBJETIVO: Comparar protocolos de identificação do LAn em indivíduos diabéticos tipo 2 e em não-diabéticos, e analisar respostas relacionadas ao equilíbrio ácido-básico em intensidades relativas ao LAn. MÉTODOS: Diabéticos tipo 2 (n=10; 54,5±9,5 anos; 30,1±5,0 kg/m² e jovens não-diabéticos (n=10; 36,6±12,8 anos; 23,9±5,0 kg/m² realizaram teste incremental (TI em ciclo ergômetro. O aumento desproporcional no equivalente ventilatório de oxigênio (VE/VO2 e lactatemia ([lac] identificaram intensidades (Watts-W correspondentes aos limiares ventilatório (LV e de lactato (LL, respectivamente. A intensidade correspondente à menor glicemia ([glic] foi considerada limiar glicêmico individual (LGI. O LAn também foi determinado por ajuste polinomial das razões VE/Watts (LV VE/W e [lac]/Watts (LL[lac]/W, as quais identificaram intensidades acima das quais um aumento desproporcional na VE e [lac] ocorreram. RESULTADOS: Não foram observadas diferenças entre LL, LV, LG, LL[lac]/W e LV VE/W em diabéticos (85,0±32,1; 88,0±31,7; 86,0±33,8; 82,0±20,9 e 90,2±22,2W e não-diabéticos (139,0±39,0; 133,0±42,7; 140,8±36,4; 122,7±44,3 e 133,0±39,1W. Contudo os valores de LAn diferiram significativamente entre grupos (pFUNDAMENTO: A pesar de que el umbral anaeróbico (UAn se utiliza en la evaluación funcional de diferentes poblaciones, pocos estudios que comparen métodos para su identificación en diabéticos tipo 2 están siendo realizados. OBJETIVO: Comparar protocolos de identificación del UAn en individuos diabéticos tipo 2 y en no diabéticos, y analizar respuestas relacionadas al equilibrio ácido-base en intensidades relativas al UAn. MÉTODOS: Diabéticos tipo 2 (n=10; 54,5±9,5 años; 30,1±5,0 kg/m² y j

  20. Efecto hipoglicemiante coadyuvante del extracto etanólico de hojas de Annona muricata L (guanábana, en pacientes con diabetes tipo 2 bajo tratamiento de glibenclamida

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    Jorge Arroyo

    2009-09-01

    Full Text Available Objetivo: Determinar la eficacia y seguridad de cápsulas de extracto etanólico de hojas de Annona muricata L (guanábana más glibenclamida para un mejor control de los niveles glicemia comparado con la administración de glibenclamida sola, en pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2. Diseño: Estudio clínico, aleatorio, grupo paralelo, doble ciego. Lugar: Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital I EsSalud, ciudad de Tingo María, Departamento de Huánuco. Pacientes: Pacientes con diagnóstico de diabetes mellitus tipo 2, tratados con glibenclamida. Intervenciones: Entre mayo y setiembre de 2007, 60 pacientes fueron asignados a 6 grupos de manera aleatoria; 3 grupos recibieron cápsulas conteniendo 180 mg de extracto etanólico de hojas de Annona muricata L [CEAM] más 5 mg de glibenclamida y los otros 3 grupos continuaron solo con glibenclamida. Principales medidas de resultados: Evaluación de los niveles de glicemia. Resultados: El rango de edad de los pacientes estuvo entre 38 y 54 años de edad. Se encontró disminución del nivel de glicemia, siendo mayor el efecto en aquellos que recibieron guanábana más glibenclamida. Se presentó efectos adversos en 5 pacientes; dos de ellos refirieron dolor urente en epigastrio asociado en uno a náuseas, y en otros 3 solo náuseas. No se observó alteración de los exámenes de laboratorio. Conclusiones: El uso de las cápsulas conteniendo extracto etanólico de Annona muricata L más glibenclamida durante 30 días produjo una mayor disminución de los niveles de glicemia en diabéticos tipo 2.

  1. El coste de la diabetes tipo 2 en España: El estudio CODE-2 The cost of type 2 diabetes in Spain: the CODE-2 study

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    M. Mata

    2002-12-01

    Full Text Available Objetivo: Estimar el coste de la atención sanitaria al paciente diabético tipo 2, diferenciando el gasto derivado del control de la enfermedad, de la atención de sus complicaciones y de otros costes directos asociados. Métodos: Recogida retrospectiva del consumo de recursos a partir de la historia clínica y la entrevista personal en 29 centros de atención primaria de todo el territorio nacional de una muestra de pacientes seleccionados de forma aleatoria a partir del registro de diabéticos de cada centro. Resultados: Se evaluó a 1.004 pacientes (561 mujeres con una media de edad de 67,42 años y una media de evolución de la enfermedad de 10,07 años. El 50,9% no presentaba complicaciones, el 17,7% sólo macrovasculares, el 19,5% sólo microvasculares y el 11,9% ambas. El coste anual sanitario por paciente fue de 1.305,15 euros. De este coste el 28,6% (373,27 euros estaba relacionado directamente con el control de la diabetes, el 30,51% (398,20 euros con sus complicaciones y el 40,89% (533,68 euros no estaba relacionado. El coste medio de un paciente sin complicaciones fue de 883 euros frente a 1.403 de un paciente con complicaciones microvasculares, 2.022 cuando existían complicaciones macrovasculares y 2.133 cuando coexistían ambos tipos de complicaciones. Conclusiones: El elevado coste del tratamiento de la diabetes tipo 2 y sus complicaciones, sugiere la posibilidad de que la mejora del control de la enfermedad pueda no sólo mejorar la supervivencia y la calidad de vida, sino reducir los costes asociados con las complicaciones crónicas.Objective: To estimate the cost of providing health care to patients with type 2 diabetes, by differentiating costs of the disease, costs of complications, and other unrelated health costs. Methods: Data on resource use were retrospectively collected from medical records and personal interviews in 29 primary health care centers in Spain. Patients were randomly selected from each center's diabetes

  2. Depressão, cortisol urinário e perfil sócio-demográfico de portadores de diabetes mellitus tipo 2 Depresion, el cortisol urinario y perfil sociodemografico em portadores de diabetes mellitus tipo 2 Depression, urinary cortisol and social demographics characteristics in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus

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    Alexandra Bulgarelli do Nascimento

    2009-12-01

    Full Text Available O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a relação entre indicadores de depressão e perfil sócio-demográfico de portadores de Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2 (DM2.A avaliação sócio-demográfica foi conduzida em amostra composta por 40 pacientes na Liga de Diabetes (HC-FMUSP.Os indicadores de depressão foram investigados a partir do Inventário de Depressão de Beck (IBD em associação com cortisol urinário (CORT.Os resultados mostraram que indivíduos portadores de DM2 com alta escolaridade, baixo poder aquisitivo individual e familiar e com história de rompimento de relação conjugal estável estão mais propensos a sintomas de depressão.Lo objective deste estudo fue investigar la relación entre la depresión y los indicadores de perfil socio-demográfico de los pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM2. Evaluación socio-demográficos se llevó a cabo en una muestra de 40 pacientes en la Liga de la Diabetes (HC-FMUSP. Indicadores de la depresión se han investigado en el Beck Depression Inventory (BDI,en asociación con el cortisol urinario (CORT.Resultados muestraron que los pacientes con DM2 con alto nivel de educación,las personas de bajos ingresos y familias con historia de interrupción de los matrimonios estables son más propensos a tener síntomas de la depresión.The objective this study was investigate the relationship between depression indicators and social-demographics characteristics in subjects with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM2. The socio-demographic evaluation was conducted in a sample composed of 40 patients with DM2 from Diabetes League (HCFM-USP.Depression indicators were evaluated through the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI in addition to urinary cortisol (CORT.The results showed that individuals with high education level,poor individual and familiar economic status in addition to history of broken stable relationship are more likely to depressive symptoms.

  3. Avaliação dos resultados do tratamento cirúrgico da escoliose na atrofia muscular espinhal tipo 2 Evaluación de los resultados del tratamiento quirúrgico de la escoliosis en la atrofia muscular espinal tipo 2 Results evaluation of surgical treatment of scoliosis in spinal muscular atrophy type 2

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    Luiz Eduardo Munhoz da Rocha

    2011-01-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Avaliar o resultado do tratamento cirúrgico da escoliose em pacientes com atrofia muscular espinhal (AME tipo 2. MÉTODO: Estudo retrospectivo com 12 pacientes portadores de AME tipo 2 submetidos à artrodese e instrumentação para correção da escoliose com mais de dois anos de seguimento. Foi avaliado o grau e percentual de correção da deformidade e da obliquidade pélvica no pós-operatório e a perda na última avaliação, além das complicações e o impacto do tratamento sobre a função respiratória. RESULTADOS: O seguimento médio foi de 77,5 meses (6,4 anos ± 58,9 meses (4,9 anos, o ângulo de Cobb pré-operatório médio foi de 76,1° ± 31,7° (35° a 144° e no pós-operatório de 29,5° ± 23,2° (5° a 90°, com a correção média de 46,6° (61,29%. A obliquidade pélvica média no pré-operatório foi de 15,1° ± 13,3° (variação de 0° a 37°, e no pós-operatório de 8,5° ± 9,9° (variação de 0° a 30°, com uma correção média de 6,5° (43,37%. Cinco pacientes tiveram complicações (41,6%. A Capacidade Ventilatória Forçada (CVF média pré-operatória foi de 62,9% ± 38,6% (variação de 23,3% a 89% e de 45,9% ± 25,0% (variação de 15% a 86,2%, na última avaliação. O declínio foi de 17% da capacidade vital, com redução de 2,4% por ano de seguimento. CONCLUSÕES: O tratamento cirúrgico da escoliose em pacientes com AME permite corrigir a obliquidade pélvica e restabelecer o balanço sagital e coronal liberando as mãos para as atividades da vida diária. A função pulmonar foi afetada positivamente pelo tratamento.OBJETIVO: Evaluar los resultados del tratamiento quirúrgico de la escoliosis en pacientes con atrofia muscular espinal (AME de tipo 2. MÉTODOS: Estudio retrospectivo de 12 pacientes con atrofia muscular espinal tipo 2 que fueron sometidos a artrodesis e instrumentación para la corrección de la escoliosis, con más de dos años de seguimiento. En la última evaluación, se

  4. Contribución de la interacción del genoma y el ambiente en la aparición de la diabetes mellitus tipo 2

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    Reinaldo Menéndez García

    2015-06-01

    Full Text Available Introducción: la diabetes mellitus agrava el pronóstico de las tres primeras causas de muerte en Cuba. La tasa en Pinar del Río es de 4.3 x 100 000 habitantes y su prevalencia de 29.6 x 1000 habitantes. Objetivo: determinar el papel de la interacción genoma-ambiente, el nivel de conocimiento de las complicaciones y el grado de percepción de riesgo, en la ocurrencia de la diabetes mellitus tipo 2, para proponer una estrategia preventiva-educativa de la enfermedad. Material y método: se realizó un estudio de casos y controles de base poblacional en el Policlínico universitario "Raúl Sánchez". El universo estuvo constituido por 87 individuos diabéticos tipo 2 y la muestra por 60 casos y 120 controles, en una proporción 1:2, apareados por edad, sexo biológico y zona geográfica. Se utilizó ji cuadrado de Pearson para determinar la asociación y Odds Ratio para medir magnitud. Se realizó un estudio de interacción genoma-ambiente con modelos multiplicativo y aditivo. Resultados: el riesgo de padecer la enfermedad aumenta 10.83 veces cuando interactúa el factor genético familiar de primer grado afectado y el factor ambiental obesidad y 5.75 veces cuando interactúa con dieta rica en grasa. Predomina la vía parental materna. El 66.0% de los enfermos conocen las complicaciones de la enfermedad, y 61.7% de los pacientes sanos tienen una adecuada percepción del riesgo de contraerla. Conclusiones: la obesidad, dieta rica en grasas y sedentarismo modulan la predisposición genética de padecer diabetes mellitus tipo 2. Mientras más genes se comparten, existe mayor predisposición genética; la interacción genoma-ambiente incrementa significativamente el riesgo.

  5. Plan de Cuidados Estandarizado de Enfermería para pacientes con Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2 en la Atención Primaria

    OpenAIRE

    Tejido Ruiz-Ogarrio, Andrea Elisa

    2015-01-01

    Siendo la Diabetes Mellitus una de las enfermedades crónicas con más prevalencia mundial y con una incidencia aumentada en los últimos años, se ha visto necesario la estructuración de un Plan de Cuidados Estandarizado de Enfermería en Atención Primaria. Con este Plan de Cuidados, se conseguiría frenar el progreso de la enfermedad en pacientes diagnosticados de Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2, enfermedad generalmente asociada a personas en edad adulta con sobrepeso, por lo que la consulta de enfermer...

  6. PREVALENCIA Y FACTORES ASOCIADOS DE LA AUTOMONITORIZACIÓN GLUCÉMICA EN PACIENTES DIABÉTICOS TIPO 2 NO TRATADOS CON INSULINA EN LA COMUNIDAD VALENCIANA

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    Diego Cano-Blanquer

    2013-01-01

    Full Text Available Fundamentos: La utilidad de la automonitorización de la glucemia (AMGS en pacientes con diabetes tipo 2 (DM2 no tratados con insulina (NTI es objeto de controversia.. Los objetivos de este trabajo son describir la prevalencia de AMGS en sujetos con DM2 NTI en la Comunidad Valenciana y analizar los factores asociados a su a su uso. Método: Estudio transversal en 83 consultas de atención primaria mediante revisión de la historia clínica electrónica y entrevista a 573 sujetos con DM2-NTI. Se analizó la asociación entre la indicación de AMGS y las características del paciente, médico y organizativas. Resultados: 289 (50,4% de los pacientes con DM2-NTI utilizaban AMGS. En el análisis multivariante el uso de AMGS se asoció a la menor edad (OR:2,3 para 65-84 y 6,0 para 8, vs <7, número de antidiabéticos orales prescritos (ADO (OR:2,5, 4,1 y 5,7 para 1, 2 ó 3+ ADO vs no tratamiento farmacológico, tipo de ADO (mayor en sulfonilureas y glitazonas y enfermedad respiratoria crónica (OR:0,5. Controlando el efecto de estos factores, el uso de AMGS se asoció adicionalmente a los años de ejercicio profesional del médico y a la asistencia en algunos departamentos sanitarios. Conclusiones: La mitad de los pacientes con DM-NTI utilizan AMGS. Su uso se asoció fuertemente a las características clínicas de los pacientes, aunque algunos factores no clínicos explican parte de la variabilidad en su utilización.

  7. M2M Optimizations in Public Mobile Networks

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Norp, A.H.J.; Landais, B.

    2012-01-01

    Many M2M applications use public telecommunications networks to transfer data from M2M devices to an M2M server. These telecommunications networks will have to be adapted to cope with the traffic generated by the projected growth of M2M applications. In the near future, many more devices will be

  8. A influência do genótipo da ECA sobre a aptidão cardiovascular de jovens do sexo masculino moderadamente ativos

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jeeser Alves Almeida

    2012-04-01

    Full Text Available FUNDAMENTO: O gene da enzima conversora de angiotensina (gene ECA tem sido amplamente estudado em relação a fenótipos de aptidão cardiorrespiratória, contudo a associação do genótipo da ECA com corridas de meia-distância tem sido pouco investigada. OBJETIVO: O presente estudo investigou a possível influência da enzima conversora de angiotensina (ECA (I/D sobre a aptidão cardiovascular e o desempenho em corridas de meia-distância por parte de brasileiros jovens do sexo masculino. A validade da previsão de VO2max em relação ao genótipo da ECA também foi analisada. MÉTODOS: Um grupo homogêneo de homens jovens moderadamente ativos foi avaliado em um teste de corrida (V1600 m; m.min-1 e em um teste adicional em esteira ergométrica para a determinação de VO2max. Posteriormente, o [(0,177*V1600m + 8.101] VO2max real e previsto foi comparado com os genótipos da ECA. RESULTADOS: O VO2max e V1600m registrados para os genótipos DD, ID e II foram 45,6 (1,8; 51,9 (0,8 e 54,4 (1,0 mL.kg-1.min-1 e 211,2 (8,3; 249,1 (4,3 e 258,6 (5,4 m.min-1, respectivamente e foram significativamente mais baixos para os genótipos DD (p < 0,05. O VO2max real e previsto não diferiram entre si, apesar do genótipo da ECA, mas o nível de concordância entre os métodos de VO2max real e estimado foi menor para o genótipo DD. CONCLUSÃO: Concluiu-se que existe uma possível associação entre o genótipo da ECA, a aptidão cardiovascular e o desempenho em corridas de média distância de jovens do sexo masculino moderadamente ativos e que a precisão da previsão do VO2max também pode ser dependente do genótipo da ECA dos participantes.

  9. ESTILO DE VIDA Y ADHERENCIA AL TRATAMIENTO DE LA POBLACIÓN CANARIA CON DIABETES MELLITUS TIPO 2

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    Antonio Cabrera de León

    2009-01-01

    Full Text Available Fundamento: la población canaria sufre la mayor mortalidad por diabetes tipo 2 (DM2 en España. El objetivo de este estudio es conocer el estilo de vida de las personas diabéticas del archipiélago y su adherencia al tratamiento, así como la DM2 desconocida. Métodos: estudio transversal de 6.729 personas de la población general participantes en la cohorte "CDC de Canarias" (edad 18-75 años. Se obtuvieron sus antecedentes médicos, dieta, actividad física, medicamentos consumidos, tabaco, etc. Resultados: la prevalencia de DM2 fue 12% en varones y 10% en mujeres (p=0,005. El 22%de varones y 9% de mujeres desconocían su enfermedad (p<0,001. Sumando DM2 desconocida, DM2 no tratada e incumplimiento terapéutico, el 48% de los hombres y 28% en mujeres no seguían tratamiento correcto. Los varones diabéticos eran más obesos que los no diabéticos (45 versus 25%; p<0,001 pero no presentaban diferencias en tabaquismo (28%; IC95%=23-33 o sedentarismo (62%; IC95%=56-68. Las mujeres diabéticas también eran más obesas (54 versus 27%; p<0,001 y, aunque fumaban menos (11 versus 22%; p<0,001, eran igual de sedentarias (75%; IC95%=70-79. La ingesta calórica era menor en quienes sufrían DM2 (p<0,001, pero el 93% (IC95%=91-95 superaba el consumo recomendado de grasas saturadas y el 69% (IC95%=65-72 padecía síndrome metabólico. Conclusiones: la población diabética en Canarias es sedentaria y obesa, muestra un consumo alto de grasas saturadas y gran prevalencia de síndrome metabólico. El porcentaje que sigue tratamiento regular es muy bajo, sobretodo en varones, que además mantienen el tabaquismo.

  10. Síndrome de Crigler-Najjar tipo 2: um caso atípico = Crigler-Najjar syndrome type 2: an atypical case

    OpenAIRE

    Raposo, Filipa

    2014-01-01

    Objetivos: Os autores descrevem um caso de Síndrome de Crigler-Najjar tipo 2, um distúrbio hereditário do metabolismo da bilirrubina, resultante de um déficit parcial da enzima uridino-difosfo-glicuronil-transferase (UDPG-T) Descrição do caso: Uma lactente de etnia asiática foi internada com cinco semanas de vida por icterícia persistente desde o nascimento, com relato materno de agravamento progressivo. Ao exame objetivo apresentava-se ativa, reativa, ictérica e com ligeira hipotonia axia...

  11. Detailed profile of m=2 islands with TVTS on JFT-2M

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Yamauchi, T.; Grek, B.; Hoshino, K.; Le Blanc, B.; Johnson, D.; Felt, J.; Shiina, T.; Kurita, G.; Ishige, Y.; Kozawa, H.

    1996-01-01

    The detailed electron temperature profile (spatial resolution: 0.86 cm) of a low density JFT-2M plasma is measured with the TV Thomson scattering system (TVTS). Flat profiles showing the electron temperature shapes of m=2/n=1 islands are presented, which are in contrast to that without islands. On the other hand, the m=2/n=1 islands are effectively suppressed with local ECRH heating. (orig.)

  12. Epidemia de Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 en Latinoamérica

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Patricio López-Jaramillo

    2010-12-01

    Full Text Available

    Introducción: Los países latinoamericanos presentan un crecimiento acelerado de la prevalencia de DM2 por la asociación de determinados condicionantes. La cabal comprensión de estos condicionantes es fundamental para combatir la epidemia de DM2 en Latinoamérica, entendiendo que un programa eficaz de prevención de esta patología demanda un esfuerzo concertado de todos los actores de la sociedad, y no solo del equipo de salud.

    Objetivos: Con el fin de detectar algunos condicionantes que posiblemente están asociados a la epidemia de DM2 en Latinoamérica, se revisaron trabajos incluidos principalmente en la base de datos de PubMed; se incluyeron investigaciones de los últimos cinco años, realizadas en el país y la región o en países receptores de migrantes latinoamericanos.

    Resultados: La Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2 (DM2 está asociada al incremento en las tasas de obesidad y sobrepeso, producto de la rápida urbanización experimentada en los últimos años, la cual determina cambios en actividad física y hábitos dietéticos. Además, la programación fetal de hijos de madres mal nutridas durante la gestación, determina una mayor sensibilidad de estos niños con bajo peso al nacer para desarrollar resistencia a la insulina e inflamación de bajo grado, especialmente cuando se ven sometidos a un medio de excesos alimentarios (a menudo de “comida chatarra” para los cuales no estuvieron programados, lo que les lleva a presentar obesidad abdominal y mayor riesgo de DM2.

    Discusión: Los condicionantes de la presencia de DM2 en Latinoamérica se relacionan con un desarrollo socio-económico anormal, pues básicamente responden a la contradicción entre la necesidad de adaptación del feto a una alimentación materna defi ciente o a una insuficiencia placentaria producto de enfermedades como la preclampsia; y en la etapa adulta, el modo de vida

  13. A Survey on M2M Service Networks

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Juhani Latvakoski

    2014-11-01

    Full Text Available The number of industrial applications relying on the Machine to Machine (M2M services exposed from physical world has been increasing in recent years. Such M2M services enable communication of devices with the core processes of companies. However, there is a big challenge related to complexity and to application-specific M2M systems called “vertical silos”. This paper focuses on reviewing the technologies of M2M service networks and discussing approaches from the perspectives of M2M information and services, M2M communication and M2M security. Finally, a discussion on technologies and approaches potentially enabling future autonomic M2M service networks are provided. According to our conclusions, it is seen that clear definition of the architectural principles is needed to solve the “vertical silo” problem and then, proceeding towards enabling autonomic capabilities for solving complexity problem appears feasible. Several areas of future research have been identified, e.g., autonomic information based services, optimization of communications with limited capability devices, real-time messaging, creation of trust and end to end security, adaptability, reliability, performance, interoperability, and maintenance.

  14. The burden of gestational diabetes mellitus in Jamaican women with a family history of autosomal dominant type 2 diabetes La carga de la diabetes mellitus gestacional en mujeres de Jamaica con antecedentes familiares de diabetes autosómica dominante tipo 2

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Rachael R. Irving

    2008-02-01

    Full Text Available OBJECTIVES: To determine if Jamaican women of African descent with a family history of early onset autosomal dominant type 2 diabetes have greater odds of developing gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM than those without a family history of the disease. METHODS: A comparative study was conducted of two groups of pregnant Jamaican women: the first with a family history of early onset autosomal dominant type 2 diabetes; the second with no history of the disease. Incidence, odds for developing GDM, and metabolic profiles in first and second trimesters were assessed using SPSS 11.5 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, Illinois, United States. RESULTS: The incidence of GDM was 12.0 % in women with a family history of early onset autosomal dominant type 2 diabetes and 1.5% in women without a family history of the disease (P OBJETIVOS: Determinar si las mujeres jamaicanas de ascendencia africana con antecedentes familiares de inicio temprano de diabetes autosómica dominante tipo 2 tienen mayor probabilidad de desarrollar diabetes mellitus gestacional (DMG que las que no tienen esos antecedentes familiares. MÉTODOS: Se realizó un estudio comparativo con dos grupos de mujeres jamaicanas embarazadas: el primero con mujeres que tenían antecedentes familiares de inicio temprano de diabetes autosómica dominante tipo 2 y el segundo con mujeres sin antecedentes familiares de esa enfermedad. Se empleó el programa SPSS v. 11.5 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, Illinois, Estados Unidos de América para analizar los resultados y calcular la incidencia, la probabilidad de desarrollar DMG y los perfiles metabólicos en el primer y el segundo trimestres de gestación. RESULTADOS: La incidencia de DMG fue de 12,0% en las mujeres con antecedentes familiares de inicio temprano de diabetes autosómica dominante tipo 2 y de 1,5% en las mujeres sin antecedentes familiares de esa enfermedad (P < 0,05. Las mujeres del primer grupo tuvieron nueve veces más probabilidades de desarrollar DMG que las

  15. Infrared spectroscopic investigation of M(H2PO4)2x2H2O (M=Mg, Mn, Cd) dehydration products

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Pechkovskij, V.V.; Dzyuba, E.D.; Mel'nikova, R.Ya.; Salonets, G.I.; Kovalishina, V.I.; Malashonok, I.E.

    1982-01-01

    Using the method of IR spectroscopy the composition of products separated at different stages of M(H 2 PO 4 ) 2 x2H 2 O dehydration, where M=Mg, Mn, Cd, has been investigated. It is shown that cation influence is expressed in strengthening of bond of proton-containing groups in the structure of initial compounds from magnesium to cadmium. A supposition is made that the difference in bond character of the groups more evidently expressed for partially dehydrated products of the composition M(H 2 PO 4 ) 2 , conditions a possibility of dehydration in two directions- with the formation of intermediate phase MH 2 P 2 O 7 or with separation of three phosphoric acid

  16. Calidad del hueso en mujeres de edad mediana con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 Bone quality in middle-aged females with type 2 diabetes mellitus

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Alina Acosta Cedeño

    2008-04-01

    Full Text Available ANTECEDENTES: la osteoporosis y diabetes mellitus constituyen problemas de salud para la población senescente en general y para la mujer en particular. El descontrol metabólico y las lesiones microvasculares de la DM afectan todo el organismo, incluyendo el hueso. OBJETIVO: determinar la calidad del hueso en mujeres de edad mediana con diabetes mellitus tipo 2. MÉTODOS: estudio descriptivo-transversal, consistente en determinar la calidad del hueso en 30 mujeres con diabetes mellitus tipo 2, y 20 sin diabetes mellitus que constituyeron el grupo control. Se les realizó historia clínica, para precisar: edad, índice de masa corporal, circunferencia de cintura y actividad física; además, en las diabéticas: tiempo de evolución de la diabetes mellitus, glucemia en ayunas y posprandial de 2 h. La calidad del hueso se determinó mediante densitómetro LEXUS y se expresó como contenido mineral óseo y T-score en L2-L4 y el radio. Se utilizaron los criterios de la OMS para definir osteoporosis. Se emplearon estadígrafos descriptivos y correlaciones lineales. RESULTADOS: el 33 % de las pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 tuvo osteoporosis en el radio, y el 3,3 % en L2-L4, lo que ocurrió en el 75 y el 30 % respectivamente de las no diabéticas. El contenido mineral óseo en: L2-L4 de las diabéticas fue 0,561 g/cm² yen el radiode 0,358 g/cm², mientras en las no diabéticas fue 0,285 y 0,313 g/cm² respectivamente (p de 18,5 kg/m² de superficie corporal (sc y la circunferencia de cintura > de 88 cm con el contenido mineral óseo, y asociación negativa entre el T-score en el radio y la glucemia en ayunas ³ a 7mmol/L, y entre el tiempo de evolución > de 5 años con el contenido mineral óseo en L2-L4 (pBACKGROUND: osteoporosis and diabetes mellitus are health problems for the aging population in general and for females in particular. The metabolic decontrol and the microvascular lesions of DM affect the whole organism, including bones

  17. Women with type 2 diabetes mellitus: sociodemographic profile, biometrics and health Mujeres con Diabetes mellitus tipo 2: perfil sociodemográfico, biométrico y de salud Mulheres com Diabetes mellitus tipo 2: perfil sociodemográfico, biométrico e de saúde

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Juliana Cristina Lessmann

    2012-01-01

    Full Text Available OBJECTIVE: To understand the profile of women with type 2 diabetes mellitus, focusing on sociodemographic factors, biometrics and health. METHODS: A quantitative, transversal, prospective study with a stratified random sample, conducted in Florianópolis/SC with 147 women by means of home visits between April and August of 2009. RESULTS: The women had a mean age of 66 years, presented elevated indexes of body weight, capillary glycemia and abdominal circumference, along with a low adherence to non-pharmacological treatment. A low educational level was associated with inadequate glycemic control, no physical activity, and inadequacy of the diet. CONCLUSIONS: Women with lower education constitute a vulnerable group and require health interventions congruent with their capacities of understanding and possibilities of adaptation to treatment.OBJETIVO: Conocer el perfil de mujeres con Diabetes mellitus tipo 2, enfocando factores sociodemográficos, biométricos y de salud. MÉTODOS: Estudio de abordaje cuantitativo, transversal, prospectivo realizado con una muestra estratificada aleatoria, desarrollado en Florianópolis/SC con 147 mujeres por medio de visitas domiciliarias entre abril y agosto del 2009. RESULTADOS: Las mujeres tenían edad promedio de 66 años, presentaron elevados índices de masa corporal, glicemia capilar y circunferencia abdominal, además de baja adhesión al tratamiento no medicamentoso. La baja escolaridad se asoció al control inadecuado de la glicemia, no realización de actividad física e inadecuación de la dieta. CONCLUSIONES: Las mujeres con baja escolaridad constituyen un grupo vulnerable y necesitan intervenciones en salud congruentes con sus capacidades de comprensión y posibilidades de adaptación al tratamiento.OBJETIVO: Conhecer o perfil de mulheres com Diabetes mellitus tipo 2, enfocando fatores sociodemográficos, biométricos e de saúde. MÉTODOS: Estudo de abordagem quantitativa, transversal, prospectivo

  18. El Enigma de las Causas de la Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 El Enigma de las Causas de la Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Juan Manuel Malacara

    2012-02-01

    Full Text Available Type 2 diabetes mellitus the most frequent metabolic disease, is induced by factors so far largely unknown. Genetic and environmental causes are implicated, among the latter obesity and sedentary life are the most important. The discovery of new hormones controlling food intake such as leptin, ghrelin and the YY3-36 peptide, are expected to provide new tools to reduce overfeeding. The genes associated with type 2 diabetes are intensively sought without success.It is possible that the genetic transmission is more complex than suppossed. The theory of the thrifty gene proposes an explanation for the increased obesity and diabetes in ethnic groups in transition from preindustrial to industrialized cultures. The theory of the fetal origins of adult disease, proposes that in the fetal life there is a window for metabolic programming under stress or caloric restriction. If the subject, however, at the adult life consumes excessive caloric intake, has a high risk for the metabolic syndrome. The mechanisms involved in insulin resistance are complex, and several molecules are under study as candidates to explain it. The diminution in insulin secretion is an other important factor for the initiation of type 2 diabetes. Glucotoxicity and lipotoxicity are factors that further reduce insulin secretion. Recent evidence indicates that inflammation is implicated in the onset of both diabetes and atherosclerosis. The elucidation of the nature of this process, as well as the pathways involved will be another important tool for a better management of this disease.La causa de la diabetes mellitus tipo 2, la enfermedad metabólica más frecuente, no es bien conocida. Tiene un componente genético y otro ambiental, en éste destacan la obesidad y el sedentarismo. El conocimiento de las nuevas hormonas que controlan la alimentación: la leptina, la ghrelina y el péptido YY3-36, es una esperanza para el control de la obesidad. No se han identificado los genes

  19. Factores de riesgo de enfermedad aterosclerótica en la diabetes mellitus tipo 2

    OpenAIRE

    Socarrás Suárez, María Matilde; Blanco Anesto, Jorge; Vázquez Vigoa, Alfredo; González Hernández, Daris; Licea Puig, Manuel E.

    2003-01-01

    Se realizó un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal a 199 pacientes con diagnóstico de diabetes mellitus tipo 2, para conocer la frecuencia de obesidad, describir hábitos dietéticos y determinar si existe asociación entre obesidad y presencia de factores de riesgo cardiovasculares como hipertensión arterial, dislipidemia, hiperinsulinemia, hábito de fumar, microalbuminuria y antecedentes familiares de primera línea de obesidad. Para el análisis comparativo de las variables continuas entre ...

  20. M1 and M2 Monocytes in Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Contribution of Imbalance of M1/M2 Monocytes to Osteoclastogenesis

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Shoichi Fukui

    2018-01-01

    Full Text Available ObjectivesWe investigated the relationships among M1 monocytes, M2 monocytes, osteoclast (OC differentiation ability, and clinical characteristics in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA.MethodsPeripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs were isolated from RA patients and healthy donors, and we then investigated the number of M1 monocytes or M2 monocytes by fluorescence-activated cell sorting. We also obtained and cultured CD14-positive cells from PBMCs from RA patients and healthy donors to investigate OC differentiation in vitro.ResultsForty RA patients and 20 healthy donors were included. Twenty-two patients (55% were anticitrullinated protein antibody (ACPA positive. The median M1/M2 ratio was 0.59 (0.31–1.11, interquartile range. There were no significant differences between the RA patients and healthy donors. There was a positive correlation between the M1/M2 ratio and the differentiated OC number in vitro in RA patients (ρ = 0.81, p < 0.001. The ACPA-positive patients had significantly higher M1/M2 ratios in vivo (p = 0.028 and significantly greater numbers of OCs in vitro (p = 0.005 than the ACPA-negative patients. Multivariable regression analysis revealed that the M1/M2 ratio was the sole significant contribution factor to in vitro osteoclastogenesis. RA patients with M1/M2 ratios >1 (having relatively more M1 monocytes had higher C-reactive protein and erythrocyte sedimentation rates than RA patients with M1/M2 ratios ≤1. M1-dominant monocytes in vitro produced higher concentrations of interleukin-6 upon stimulation with lipopolysaccharide than M2 monocytes.ConclusionM1/M2 monocytes imbalance strongly contributes to osteoclastogenesis of RA patients. Our findings cast M1 and M2 monocyte subsets in a new light as a new target of treatments for RA to prevent progression of osteoclastic bone destruction.

  1. Prevalência de diabetes mellitus tipo 2 e outros fatores de risco associados em pacientes com glaucoma Prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus and other associated risk factors in glaucoma patients

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jacqueline Coblentz

    2010-02-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Avaliar a prevalência de diabéticos em uma amostra de pacientes com glaucoma; verificar se existe associação entre diabetes mellitus e glaucoma na amostra estudada; verificar outros fatores de risco associados. MÉTODOS: Foram analisados de forma retrospectiva os prontuários de 50 pacientes com diagnóstico de glaucoma. Os dados registrados foram sexo, idade, raça, história familiar de glaucoma e história pessoal de diabetes mellitus tipo 2. RESULTADOS: Do total de pacientes avaliados, 5 (10% apresentavam diabetes mellitus tipo 2. Destes, 3 eram mulheres e 2 eram homens, com mediana de idade de 81 anos (71-88. A prevalência de diabetes nos pacientes com glaucoma não mostrou diferenças significativas (OR: 1,476; Intervalo de Confiança 95%: 0,4438 a 4,910; p= 0,5352 quando comparada à prevalência de diabetes mellitus tipo 2 na população geral brasileira (7,6%. CONCLUSÃO: Nesta amostra de pacientes com glaucoma, a prevalência de diabetes mellitus tipo 2 foi pouco mais elevada que a da população. Entretanto, nenhuma associação foi encontrada entre diabetes mellitus e glaucoma.PURPOSE: To evaluate prevalence of diabetes mellitus in a group of patients with glaucoma; to verify if there is association between diabetes mellitus and glaucoma; to verify other associated risk factors. METHODS: Fifty(50 glaucoma patients had their medical records analyzed in a retrospective way. Registered data included sex, age, ethnic group, family history of glaucoma and personal history of type 2 diabetes mellitus. RESULTS: Five (10% of all evaluated patients had type 2 diabetes mellitus. 3 of them were female and 2 were male, median age of 81 years old (71-88. Prevalence of diabetes in glaucoma patients did not show significant differences. (OR: 1.476; 95% Confidence Interval: 0.4438 to 4.910; p= 0.5352 when compared to the prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus in general brazilian population (7.6%. CONCLUSION: In this group of patients

  2. Thermoelectric Performance of the MXenes M2CO2 (M = Ti, Zr, or Hf)

    KAUST Repository

    Gandi, Appala; Alshareef, Husam N.; Schwingenschlö gl, Udo

    2016-01-01

    MXenes, M2CO2, where M = Ti, Zr, or Hf, in order to evaluate the effect of the metal M on the thermoelectric performance. The lattice contribution to the thermal conductivity, obtained from the phonon life times, is found to be lowest in Ti2CO2

  3. Análisis evolutivo del concepto de adaptación a la diabetes tipo 2

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    José Martín Castro-Espinoza

    2015-01-01

    Full Text Available El concepto de adaptación tiene diferentes aplicaciones y acepciones. En personas que viven con diabetes tipo 2 (DT2 se asocia con la observancia del tratamiento y el control glucémico. Es utilizado frecuentemente en la literatura de salud pero no está claro qué signi- fica en personas que viven con esta enfermedad, por lo que el propósito de esta investigación fue analizar el concepto de adaptación a la DT2. Metodología: se utilizó el método de análisis evolutivo de concepto de Rodgers. Los datos se codificaron por autor, 16 en total, palabras clave, hallazgos, antecedentes, atributos y consecuencias, conceptos relativos y sustitutos. La guía del análisis respondió a tres preguntas: ¿ cómo define el concepto el autor? ¿ Qué características o atributos se establecen? ¿ Qué idea da el autor acerca del concepto? Resultados: el concepto de adaptación muestra atributos que permiten definirlo como un proceso que se presenta en tres fases: reac- ción, asimilación y respuesta. Los antecedentes corresponden a conductas previas al proceso, los resultados incluyen desafíos y cambios. Conclusiones: los atributos, los antecedentes y las consecuencias ofrecen guías para la investigación; es necesario ampliar el estudio en el contexto del hogar, la familia, el trabajo y el hospital.

  4. Género y autocuidado de la diabetes mellitus tipo 2 en el Estado de México

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Patricia CRUZ-BELLO

    2014-01-01

    Full Text Available La diabetes mellitus es un problema epidemiológico nacional poco tratado en los estudios de género. La obesidad, la inadecuada alimentación y el sedentarismo son factores de riesgo de esta patología que se diagnostica con mayor frecuencia a edades más tempranas, impactando en el equilibrio de las familias. Aunque esta enfermedad se presenta en ambos géneros, la prevalencia es más elevada en mujeres. Se realizó un estudio de diseño transversal con una muestra no probabilística de 239 personas de dos comunidades del Estado de México, a quienes previo consentimiento informado se aplicó un cuestionario para analizar el género como factor de riesgo para el autocuidado en diabetes mellitus tipo 2. El estudio da a conocer los factores no clínicos que pueden considerarse como diferenciales de género. La prevención considera aspectos educativos de autocuidado con un abordaje transdisciplinario e incorporando a la familia para el cuidado de la salud, por sus creencias, saberes y prácticas.

  5. Rac2 controls tumor growth, metastasis and M1-M2 macrophage differentiation in vivo.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Shweta Joshi

    Full Text Available Although it is well-established that the macrophage M1 to M2 transition plays a role in tumor progression, the molecular basis for this process remains incompletely understood. Herein, we demonstrate that the small GTPase, Rac2 controls macrophage M1 to M2 differentiation and the metastatic phenotype in vivo. Using a genetic approach, combined with syngeneic and orthotopic tumor models we demonstrate that Rac2-/- mice display a marked defect in tumor growth, angiogenesis and metastasis. Microarray, RT-PCR and metabolomic analysis on bone marrow derived macrophages isolated from the Rac2-/- mice identify an important role for Rac2 in M2 macrophage differentiation. Furthermore, we define a novel molecular mechanism by which signals transmitted from the extracellular matrix via the α4β1 integrin and MCSF receptor lead to the activation of Rac2 and potentially regulate macrophage M2 differentiation. Collectively, our findings demonstrate a macrophage autonomous process by which the Rac2 GTPase is activated downstream of the α4β1 integrin and the MCSF receptor to control tumor growth, metastasis and macrophage differentiation into the M2 phenotype. Finally, using gene expression and metabolomic data from our Rac2-/- model, and information related to M1-M2 macrophage differentiation curated from the literature we executed a systems biologic analysis of hierarchical protein-protein interaction networks in an effort to develop an iterative interactome map which will predict additional mechanisms by which Rac2 may coordinately control macrophage M1 to M2 differentiation and metastasis.

  6. The M2 Channel

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Santner, Paul

    Drug resistance of Influenza A against antivirals is an increasing problem. No effective Influenza A drugs targeting the crucial viral protein, the proton transporter M2 are available anymore due to widespread resistance. Thanks to research efforts elucidating M2 protein structure, function and i...... resistance escape routes from drug inhibition. We thereby were hopefully able to provide a platform for the large-scale evaluation of M2 channel activity, inhibitors and resistance....

  7. Illness uncertainty and treatment motivation in type 2 diabetes patients La incertidumbre en la enfermedad y la motivación para el tratamiento en diabéticos tipo 2 Incerteza na doença e motivação para o tratamento em diabéticos tipo 2

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    João Luís Alves Apóstolo

    2007-08-01

    Full Text Available AIMS: To characterize the uncertainty in illness and the motivation for treatment and to evaluate the existing relation between these variables in individuals with type 2 diabetes. METHOD: Descriptive, correlational study, using a sample of 62 individuals in diabetes consultation sessions. The Uncertainty Stress Scale and the Treatment Self-Regulation Questionnaire were used. RESULTS: The individuals with type 2 diabetes present low levels of uncertainty in illness and a high motivation for treatment, with a stronger intrinsic than extrinsic motivation. A negative correlation was verified between the uncertainty in the face of the prognosis and treatment and the intrinsic motivation. DISCUSSION: These individuals are already adapted, acting according to the meanings they attribute to illness. Uncertainty can function as a threat, intervening negatively in the attribution of meaning to the events related to illness and in the process of adaptation and motivation to adhere to treatment. Intrinsic motivation seems to be essential to adhere to treatment.OBJETIVOS: Caracterizar la incertidumbre ante la enfermedad y la motivación para el tratamiento y evaluar la relación existente entre estas variables en diabéticos tipo 2. MÉTODO: Estudio descriptivo, correlacional, en una muestra de 62 diabéticos atendidos en consulta. Usadas la Escala de Incertidumbre ante la Enfermedad y la Escala de Motivación para el Tratamiento. RESULTADOS: Los diabéticos tipo 2 presentan bajos niveles de incertidumbre ante la enfermedad y una elevada motivación para el tratamiento, siendo la motivación intrínseca más elevada que la extrínseca. Se verificó correlación negativa entre la incertidumbre frente al pronóstico y tratamiento y la motivación intrínseca para el tratamiento. DISCUSIÓN: Estos pacientes se encuentran adaptados actuando en conformidad con los significados que atribuyen a la enfermedad. La incertidumbre puede funcionar como amenaza

  8. Coste-efectividad de la adición de acarbosa al tratamiento de pacientes con diabetes tipo 2 en España Cost-effectiveness of the addition of acarbose to the treatment of patients with type-2 diabetes in Spain

    OpenAIRE

    Carme Piñol; Stephane Roze; William Valentine; Thomas Evers

    2007-01-01

    Objetivos: Evaluar el coste-efectividad de la adición de acarbosa al tratamiento de pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM2) en España. Métodos: Se utilizó el CORE Diabetes Model (modelo de simulación informática publicado y validado) para proyectar a largo plazo los resultados clínicos y de costes de la DM2. Las probabilidades de transición y los riesgos se obtuvieron de distintas publicaciones. Los efectos del tratamiento y las características basales de la cohorte se obtuvieron de un m...

  9. On the simultaneous Pell equations x 2 - (4m 2 - 1)y 2 = y 2 - pz 2 ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    Let m be a positive integer, and let p be an odd prime. By using certain properties of Pell and quartic diophantine equations with some elementary number theory methods, we prove that the system of equations x2 - (4m2 - 1)y2 = 1 and y2 - pz2 = 1 has positive integer solutions (x, y, z) if and only if p ≡ 7(mod 8) and m = 1/4 ...

  10. Aggregation and Trunking of M2M Traffic via D2D Connections

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Rigazzi, Giovanni; Kiilerich Pratas, Nuno; Popovski, Petar

    2015-01-01

    Machine-to-Machine (M2M) communications is one of the key enablers of the Internet of Things (IoT). Billions of devices are expected to be deployed in the near future for novel M2M applications demanding ubiquitous access and global connectivity. In order to cope with the massive number of machines......, there is a need for new techniques to coordinate the access and allocate the resources. Although the majority of the proposed solutions are focused on the adaptation of the traditional cellular networks to the M2M traffic patterns, novel approaches based on the direct communication among nearby devices may...... represent an effective way to avoid access congestion and cell overload. In this paper, we propose a new strategy inspired by the classical Trunked Radio Systems (TRS), exploiting the Device-to-Device (D2D) connectivity between cellular users and Machine-Type Devices (MTDs). The aggregation of the locally...

  11. Treatment of type 2 diabetes in Latin America: a consensus statement by the medical associations of 17 Latin American countries Tratamiento de la diabetes tipo 2 en América Latina: declaración de consenso de las asociaciones médicas de 17 países latinoamericanos

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Juan Rosas Guzmán

    2010-12-01

    Full Text Available Latin America faces unique challenges in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. The Asociación Latinoamericana de Diabetes (Latin American Diabetes Association, ALAD brought together medical associations in 17 countries in Latin America to produce a consensus statement regarding the treatment of type 2 diabetes. The goal of the document is to provide practical recommendations that will guide clinicians through a simple decision-making process for managing patients. The cornerstone elements for therapeutic decision making are: severity of hyperglycemia, clinical condition of the patient (stable or with metabolic decompensation, and body mass index. The consensus includes a section devoted specifically to patients with obesity. Information is presented as highly-relevant clinical questions. The algorithm is based on the scientific recommendations of the 2006 ALAD guidelines (a document prepared using an evidence-based approach and data from recent randomized controlled studiesAmérica Latina se enfrenta a algunos retos excepcionales en el tratamiento de la diabetes mellitus tipo 2. La Asociación Latinoamericana de Diabetes (ALAD reunió a las asociaciones médicas de 17 países latinoamericanos con el fin de producir una declaración de consenso sobre el tratamiento de la diabetes tipo 2. El objetivo de ese documento es brindar recomendaciones prácticas que guíen a los médicos a lo largo de un sencillo proceso decisorio para el tratamiento de los pacientes. Los elementos fundamentales para la toma de decisiones terapéuticas son la gravedad de la hiperglucemia, el estado clínico del paciente (estable o con descompensación metabólica y el índice de masa corporal. El documento contiene un apartado dedicado específicamente a los pacientes obesos y la información se presenta en forma de preguntas clínicas sumamente pertinentes. El algoritmo se basa en las recomendaciones científicas de las directrices de la ALAD del año 2006

  12. A influência da prática de exercício físico regular no idoso diabético tipo 2

    OpenAIRE

    Pereira, Ricardo Jorge Lopes

    2014-01-01

    Trabalho final de mestrado integrado em Medicina (Medicina), apresentado á Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Coimbra Introdução: A Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2 é uma doença crónica, sendo um dos principais problemas de saúde do mundo actual, estando ligada ao envelhecimento da população. Sendo uma doença que tem vindo a aumentar em Portugal, e tendo em conta não só os problemas de saúde associados, mas também problemas a nível económico e social tornar-se necessário adquirir novas medid...

  13. Elevada frecuencia de neuropatía periférica en pacientes con Diabetes mellitus tipo 2 de un hospital general de Lima-Perú

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ray Ticse

    2013-04-01

    Full Text Available Objetivos: Determinar la frecuencia de neuropatía periférica en pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 y la correlación entre la evaluación clínica con el estudio de la velocidad de conducción nerviosa (VCN. Material y métodos: Estudio descriptivo, transversal. Se evaluaron 62 pacientes con diagnóstico de diabetes mellitus tipo 2. Se utilizó el Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument (MNSI, el Michigan Diabetic Neuropatic Score (MDNS y el estudio de VCN. Además se describieron las variables demográficas, antropométricas y de laboratorio. Resultados: La frecuencia de neuropatía periférica fue 96,8% según la VCN y 45% según el MNSI. La correlación entre el número de nervios afectados según VCN y el score MDNS fue moderada (Spearman r=0,59; p<0,001. Conclusiones: Existe una elevada frecuencia de neuropatía periférica en los pacientes diabéticos evaluados y no hubo buena correlación entre VCN y el score MDNS.

  14. Papel de la testosterona y el cortisol en el síndrome metabólico y la diabetes mellitus tipo 2 Role of testosterone and cortisol in metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes mellitus

    OpenAIRE

    Aimée M. Álvarez Álvarez; Roberto M. González Suárez; Miguel A. Marrero Falcón

    2010-01-01

    INTRODUCCIÓN: el síndrome metabólico y la diabetes mellitus tipo 2 son trastornos metabólicos que han sido ampliamente abordados en la literatura científica por su alta incidencia, así como la alta morbilidad y mortalidad que a ellos se asocia. En los últimos años se han explorado nuevos elementos de posible impacto en su fisiopatogenia, dentro de los que se destacan los esteroides sexuales y los glucocorticoides. En este trabajo se revisaron y comentaron los conocimientos más actuales sobre ...

  15. Expresión génica de la interleucinas 4, 5 y 13 en el cerdo tras la vacunación frente a circovirus porcino tipo 2 (PCV2).

    OpenAIRE

    Quereda Torres, Juan José

    2010-01-01

    El circovirus porcino tipo 2 (PCV2) genera en el ganado porcino diversas enfermedades que se conocen con el nombre de enfermedades asociadas a PCV2 (EACP). Dentro de estas EACP encontramos la infección sistémica (donde se incluyen los casos diagnosticados en el pasado como PMWS), neumonías asociadas a PCV2, enteritis asociadas a PCV2, PDNS asociado a PCV2 y fallo reproductivo asociado a PCV2. La infección sistémica provoca graves consecuencias sanitarias que llevan a pérdidas económicas impor...

  16. Wireless Device-to-Device (D2D) Links for Machine-to-Machine (M2M) Communication

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Pratas, Nuno; Popovski, Petar

    2017-01-01

    Device-to-Device (D2D) communications will play an important role in the fifth generation (5G) cellular networks, by increasing the spatial reuse of spectrum resources and enabling communication links with low latency. D2D is composed of two fundamental building blocks: proximity discovery...... and direct communication between nearby users. Another emerging trend in wireless cellular systems is Machine-to-Machine (M2M) communications, often characterized by fixed, low transmission rates. In this chapter we motivate the synergy between D2D and M2M, and present technologies that enable M2M-via-D2D...

  17. Prevalence of eating disorders and psychiatric comorbidity in a clinical sample of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients Prevalência de transtornos alimentares e comorbidade psiquiátrica em uma amostra clínica de pacientes com diabetes mellitus do tipo 2

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Marcelo Papelbaum

    2005-06-01

    Full Text Available BACKGROUND: A few studies have shown high rates of eating disorders and psychiatric morbidity in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. OBJECTIVE: disturbed eating behavior and psychiatric comorbidity in a sample of T2DM patients. METHODS: Seventy type 2 diabetes mellitus patients between 40 and 65 years of age (mean, 52.9 ± 6.8 from a diabetes outpatient clinic were sequentially evaluated. The Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV, Binge Eating Scale and Beck Depression Inventory were used to assess eating disorders and other psychiatric comorbidity. In addition to the descriptive analysis of the data, we compared groups divided based on the presence of obesity (evaluated by the body mass index or an eating disorder. RESULTS: Twenty percent of the sample displayed an eating disorder. Binge eating disorder was the predominant eating disorder diagnosis (10%. Overall, the group of obese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus presented rates of psychiatric comorbidity comparable to those seen in their nonobese counterparts. However, the presence of an eating disorder was associated with a significant increase in the frequency of anxiety disorders (57.1% x 28.6%; p = 0.044. CONCLUSIONS: In our study sample, the occurrence of eating disorders was increased compared to rates observed in the general population, with the predominance of binge eating disorder. The presence of an eating disorder in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients was associated with higher rates of anxiety disorders.INTRODUÇÃO: Alguns estudos têm demonstrado uma freqüência elevada de transtornos alimentares (TA e morbidade psiquiátrica em pacientes com diabetes mellitus do tipo 2 (DM2. OBJETIVOS: Investigar a presença de alterações do comportamento alimentar e comorbidade psiquiátrica em uma amostra de pacientes com diabetes mellitus do tipo 2. MÉTODOS: Setenta pacientes com diabetes mellitus do tipo 2, com idade entre 40 e 65 anos (média de 52,9 ± 6,8, em tratamento

  18. Crescimento de genótipos de frangos tipo caipira

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    R. C. Veloso

    2015-10-01

    Full Text Available RESUMOObjetivou-se com este trabalho comparar o padrão de crescimento, mediante ajustes das respectivas curvas de crescimento por modelos não lineares, bem como estudar o desenvolvimento de cortes de carcaça em relação ao peso da carcaça em diferentes genótipos de frangos tipo caipira. Foram utilizados 840 pintos de um dia, machos, distribuídos em delineamento inteiramente ao acaso, dos seguintes genótipos da linhagem Redbro: Caboclo, Carijó, Colorpak, Gigante Negro, Pesadão Vermelho, Pescoço Pelado e Tricolor. As aves foram alojadas em 28 boxes, sendo 30 aves/boxe, em galpão de alvenaria com acesso a um piquete de 45m², com quatro repetições. O peso corporal individual dos frangos foi medido ao nascer, aos 14, 28, 42, 56, 70 e 84 dias de idade. Para a determinação das curvas de crescimento do peso corporal das aves, os dados coletados foram avaliados por meio dos modelos não lineares: Brody, Gompertz, Logístico, Richards e von Bertalanffy. Foi empregado o PROC NLIN do SAS, utilizando-se o método interativo de Gauss-Newton. Os critérios usados para escolha do modelo de melhor ajuste da curva de crescimento foram o coeficiente de determinação, o desvio padrão assintótico, o desvio médio absoluto dos resíduos e o índice assintótico. As análises para obtenção dos coeficientes alométricos foram realizadas por meio do PROC GLM do SAS para os genótipos Carijó, Colorpak, Pesadão Vermelho, Pescoço Pelado e Tricolor. Foram avaliados os pesos da carcaça, do peito, das coxas, das sobrecoxas, das pernas e das asas das aves abatidas aos 85 dias de idade. Apenas as equações propostas por Gompertz, von Bertalanffy e Logístico atingiram a convergência, e o modelo proposto por von Bertalanffy foi o mais adequado para descrever o crescimento dos genótipos de frangos caipiras. Todos os cortes avaliados apresentaram crescimento tardio em relação ao peso da carcaça em genótipos de frangos tipo caipira.

  19. M2 to D2

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Mukhi, Sunil; Papageorgakis, Constantinos

    2008-01-01

    We examine the recently proposed ''3-algebra'' field theory for multiple M2-branes and show that when a scalar field valued in the 3-algebra develops a vacuum expectation value, the resulting Higgs mechanism has the novel effect of promoting topological (Chern-Simons) to dynamical (Yang-Mills) gauge fields. This leads to a precise derivation of the maximally supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory on multiple D2-branes and thereby provides a relationship between 3-algebras and Yang-Mills theories. We discuss the physical interpretation of this result.

  20. Lócus de controle em saúde e autoestima em portadores de diabetes mellitus tipo 2

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Fernanda Silva Fuscaldi

    2011-08-01

    Full Text Available O presente estudo teve como objetivo relacionar os escores obtidos pela aplicação das escalas de lócus de controle da saúde e autoestima com variáveis sócio-demográficas, clínicas, fatores de risco e complicações crônicas em 65 portadores de diabetes mellitus do tipo 2. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo transversal onde foram utilizados, para a análise estatística, os testes de Qui-quadrado de Pearson, Mann-Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis e de Correlação de Spearman. Em relação ao lócus de controle, os pacientes apresentaram, em média, maiores escores na dimensão interna, sendo que as mulheres demonstraram maior externalidade-ao acaso para a saúde. Relações estatisticamente significativas foram encontradas entre internalidade com tempo de diagnóstico e atividade física; entre externalidade-outros poderosos com hemoglobina glicada e atividade física e entre externalidade-ao acaso com a prática de atividade física. A autoestima foi alta na maioria dos indivíduos, porém não se relacionou estatisticamente a nenhuma variável.

  1. Thermoelectric Performance of the MXenes M2CO2 (M = Ti, Zr, or Hf)

    KAUST Repository

    Gandi, Appala

    2016-02-21

    We present the first report in which the thermoelectric properties of two-dimensional MXenes are calculated by considering both the electron and phonon transport. Specifically, we solve the transport equations of the electrons and phonons for three MXenes, M2CO2, where M = Ti, Zr, or Hf, in order to evaluate the effect of the metal M on the thermoelectric performance. The lattice contribution to the thermal conductivity, obtained from the phonon life times, is found to be lowest in Ti2CO2 and highest in Hf2CO2 in the temperature range from 300 K to 700 K. The highest figure of merit is predicted for Ti2CO2 . The heavy mass of the electrons due to flat conduction bands results in a larger thermopower in the case of n-doping in these compounds.

  2. Metal-metal bonding and aromaticity in [M2(NHCHNH)3]2 (μ-E)2 (E = O, S; M = Nb, Mo, Tc, Ru, Rh).

    Science.gov (United States)

    Yan, Xiuli; Meng, Lingpeng; Sun, Zheng; Li, Xiaoyan

    2016-02-01

    The nature of M-M bonding and aromaticity of [M2(NHCHNH)3]2(μ-E)2 (E = O, S; M = Nb, Mo, Tc, Ru, Rh) was investigated using atoms in molecules (AIM) theory, electron localization function (ELF), natural bond orbital (NBO) and molecular orbital analysis. These analyses led to the following main conclusions: in [M2(NHCHNH)3]2(μ-E)2 (E = O, S; M = Nb, Mo, Tc, Ru, Rh), the Nb-Nb, Ru-Ru, and Rh-Rh bonds belong to "metallic" bonds, whereas Mo-Mo and Tc-Tc drifted toward the "dative" side; all these bonds are partially covalent in character. The Nb-Nb, Mo-Mo, and Tc-Tc bonds are stronger than Ru-Ru and Rh-Rh bonds. The M-M bonds in [M2(NHCHNH)3]2(μ-S)2 are stronger than those in [M2(NHCHNH)3]2(μ-O)2 for M = Nb, Mo, Tc, and Ru. The NICS(1)ZZ values show that all of the studied molecules, except [Ru2(NHCHNH)3]2(μ-O)2, are aromaticity molecules. O-bridged compounds have more aromaticity than S-bridged compounds. Graphical Abstract Left Molecular graph, and right electron localization function (ELF) isosurface of [M2(NHCHNH)3]2(μ-E)2(E = O, S; M = Nb, Mo, Tc, Ru, Rh).

  3. Intervención farmacéutica sobre el uso de antiagregantes plaquetarios en diabéticos tipo 2

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Sendra Lillo J

    2010-12-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVOS Medir la prevalencia de pacientes diabéticos tipo 2 que utilizan terapia antiagregante plaquetaria como profilaxis cardiovascular y evaluar el efecto de una intervención farmacéutica sobre su uso. MÉTODOS Estudio cuasiexperimental en una farmacia comunitaria en Palmera (Valencia, España. El estudio fue realizado desde noviembre de 2007 a enero de 2008. RESULTADOS Participaron veintinueve de los 58 pacientes diabéticos tipo 2 seleccionados, quince (51,7% usaban terapia antiagregante al principio. Sólo un paciente (11,1% no recibía antiagregante como prevención secundaria, mientras que en prevención primaria usaban siete (35%. En cuanto a los que no usaban, diez cumplían con los criterios establecidos en las guías de práctica clínica para iniciar su uso y fueron intervenidos. Tras dicha intervención, tres pacientes comenzaron a usar antiagregante. CONCLUSIONES En este reducido grupo de diabéticos, el uso de antiagregantes plaquetarios no se encuentra excesivamente extendido, tras la intervención un mayor

  4. Características sociodemográficas y clínicas de los pacientes diabéticos tipo 2 con infecciones adquiridas en la comunidad admitidos en los servicios de Medicina del Hospital Nacional Cayetano Heredia

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Gino Guillermo Tapia Zegarra

    2000-07-01

    Full Text Available Objetivo: Determinar las características sociodemográficas y clínicas propias de los diabéticos tipo 2 con infecciones adquiridas en la comunidad admitidos en los servicios de medicina del Hospital Nacional Cayetano Heredia (HNCH. Material y métodos: Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo de serie de casos en el que se evaluaron 105 pacientes diabéticos tipo 2, sin alguna comorbilidad hiperglicemiante, inmunosupresora o que altere las barreras normales a la infección, elegidos aleatoriamente de los registros de alta y epicrisis entre 1991 y 1998 de los servicios de medicina del HNCH. Resultados: El nivel de instrucción predominantemente fue el analfabeto y primaria (60%. El 72.4% de los pacientes recibían algún tipo de tratamiento, de ellos el 89.5% lo seguían en forma irregular. La neuropatía periférica (87.5% y nefropatía grado III-V (87.3% son las complicaciones más frecuentes. Los principales focos de infección son los de partes blandas y tracto urinario. El tiempo promedio de hospitalización fue de 17.33 días, siendo significativamente mayor en el grupo con sepsis (p=0.036. Según resultados disponibles, la mitad tuvo inversión de la relación albúmino/globulina y más de la mitad tuvo dislipidemia. Conclusiones: Los diabéticos tipo 2 con infección adquirida en la comunidad admitidos en salas de medicina del HNCH presentan mayormente un bajo nivel de instrucción. Encontramos frecuentes complicaciones micro y macrovasculares, inversión de la relación albúmino/globulina y dislipidemia. La estancia hospitalaria fué prolongada, sobretodo en el grupo que desarrolló sepsis. ( Rev Med Hered 2000; 11:89-96.

  5. SINTOMAS DEPRESSIVOS E ADESÃO AO TRATAMENTO ENTRE PESSOAS COM DIABETES MELLITUS TIPO 2

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Juciene de Matos Braz

    2012-01-01

    Full Text Available El objetivo fue investigar la asociación entre síntomas depresivos y variables sociodemográficas y clínicas, así como la adhesión al tratamiento medicamentoso en personas con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM2. Estudio descriptivo, desarrollado con muestra constituida por 145 portadores de DM2. Fue utilizado el Inventario de Depresión de Beck (BDI y la Medida de Adhesión a los Tratamientos (MAT. La edad media de los participantes fue de 60,4 años, 77,2% eran mujeres y 51,7% poseían compañero(a. La media del BDI fue de 18,4; y 33,1% de los sujetos presentaron síntomas depresivos. La práctica de actividad física se asoció a una mejor evaluación en el BDI ( p< 0,05. No fue observada correlación clínicamente importante entre BDI y MAT (r<0,30. Aproximadamente mitad de los participantes presentó tendencia a desarrollar la depresión. La práctica de actividad física fue asociada a una mejor evaluación en el BDI.

  6. Acurácia das intervenções de enfermagem para pacientes com diabetes mellitus tipo 2 em consulta ambulatorial

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Suzana Fiore Scain

    Full Text Available O objetivo do trabalho foi identificar a acurácia das intervenções de enfermagem a partir dos diagnósticos de enfermagem (DE de pacientes que consultaram no Programa de Educação em Diabetes, em ambulatório de hospital universitário, relacionando-os com as características sociodemográficas e as comorbidades. Trata-se de um estudo transversal de 136 pacientes com DM tipo 2 (DM2, sendo 77 (57% mulheres, com média de idade de 66±9,38 anos, presença de comorbidades em 97 (71% e em uso de medicações. Foi encontrada associação significativa entre os DE e as intervenções mais frequentemente prescritas: "Aconselhamento nutricional" (n = 99; 73%, "Promoção do exercício" (n = 64; 47% e "Ensino: cuidados com os pés" (n = 48; 35%, porém, não com as características sociodemográficas ou comorbidades. As intervenções de maior ocorrência prescritas em consulta de enfermagem evidenciaram acurácia para os DE nos domínios Promoção da Saúde e Nutrição, que estão relacionados aos princípios do tratamento para DM2: alimentação saudável, exercício físico e educação para a saúde.

  7. Oxidative stress in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus treated with metformin = Estresse oxidativo em pacientes com diabetes mellitus tipo 2 em tratamento com metformina

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Dries, Samuel Selbach

    2017-01-01

    RESULTADOS: A amostra inicial foi composta por 49 pacientes com idade de 59±9 anos e índice de massa corporal de 29,8±5,1 kg/m2 , com diabetes por uma mediana de tempo de 36 (intervalo interquartil 1-240 meses e em uso de metformina há uma mediana de 36 (intervalo interquartil 1-180 meses. Vinte e cinco pacientes deixaram o estudo entre a segunda e a quarta reunião. Os níveis de malondialdeído diferiram entre antes e após o acompanhamento farmacoterapêutico, correlacionando-se positivamente com glicemia, glicohemoglobina e triglicerídeos e negativamente com metformina e superóxido dismutase. Encontrou-se elevação da glicemia, glicohemoglobina e malondialdeído, e diminuição da metformina no grupo com complicações diabéticas, e foi identificada correlação entre malondialdeído e o número de complicações diabéticas por paciente. CONCLUSÕES: Nesta amostra de pacientes com diabetes mellitus tipo 2 em tratamento com metformina, o estresse oxidativo foi mais pronunciado nos que apresentavam pior controle glicêmico e complicações diabéticas

  8. Nivel de conocimientos sobre la enfermedad en los adultos mayores con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 Level of knowledge concerning diabetes mellitus type-2 in the elderly

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    María de la C Casanova Moreno

    2011-06-01

    Full Text Available Se realizó una investigación epidemiológica, descriptiva y transversal, con el objetivo de determinar el nivel de conocimientos sobre diabetes mellitus en los adultos mayores con diabetes tipo 2 durante el año 2010, en el área de salud Hermanos Cruz de la provincia de Pinar del Río. Se incluyeron 91 pacientes diabéticos tipo 2 que recibieron el servicio de atención integral al diabético de ambos sexos y en las edades de 60 y más años (n=91. Para determinar el nivel de conocimientos se aplicó una encuesta diseñada por los especialistas del Centro Provincial de Promoción y Educación para la Salud de la provincia; con los datos obtenidos se confeccionó una base de datos utilizando el programa EpiInfo 2002. Se hizo uso de la estadística descriptiva, los datos para su análisis fueron reflejados en cuadros de distribución de frecuencias y gráficos. Predominó el sexo femenino, la enfermedad crónica no transmisible que más se asoció fue la hipertensión arterial. El nivel de conocimientos fue insuficiente en todos los grupos según el tiempo de evolución de la enfermedad, lo mismo sucedió con los pacientes con complicaciones crónicas. Los diabéticos adultos mayores necesitan fortalecer la educación diabetológica para mejorar los conocimientos sobre la enfermedad y tener una mejor calidad de vida.An epidemiological, descriptive and cross-sectional research was carried out in 2010 with the objective of determining the level of knowledge concerning diabetes mellitus type-2 in the elderly suffering from this disease at "Hermanos Cruz" health area, Pinar del Rio. Ninety one (91 diabetic- type-2 patients attended to the comprehensive care service for both sexes, ages of 60 years old and older (n=91 participated in the study. To determine the level of knowledge a survey was applied, this was prepared by the specialists of the Provincial Center for Health Promotion and Education, arranging a database supported on these results and

  9. Adherencia al tratamiento nutricional en pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 que asisten a un programa educativo

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Mariela A. Carvajal

    2017-03-01

    Full Text Available El objetivo de este estudió fue evaluar la adherencia al tratamiento nutricional por medio de la hemoglobina glicosilada en pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 que asistieron a un programa educativo en diabetes en la ciudad de Guatemala, así como evaluar los principales factores que influyen en ella. Se realizó un estudio de tipo prospectivo, longitudinal, experimental, pareado de intervención no medicamentosa. Se utilizó la prueba de Morinsky-Green Levine para evaluar la adherencia al tratamiento nutricional, el cual consiste en cuatro preguntas de auto informe sobre la adherencia. La muestra estuvo conformada por 126 pacientes que recibieron una intervención educativa durante cinco meses. La metodología utilizada permitió analizar la adherencia al tratamiento por medio de la prueba de hemoglobina glicosilada, una encuesta de adherencia, evaluación del consumo por grupos de alimentos al inicio y al final. Uno de los principales hallazgos fue que los pacientes están convencidos que su plan nutricional les beneficia y les evitaría complicaciones. El apoyo familiar también juega un papel muy importante en la adherencia de estos pacientes al tratamiento nutricional. Los indicadores de adherencia que se encontraron más afectados son los relacionados al costo del plan de alimentación y la dificultad para seguirlo. Se concluye que es posible utilizar la hemoglobina glicosilada como un indicador efectivo de adherencia, ya que el porcentaje de pacientes con hemoglobina glicosilada controlada aumentó de un 50 a un 65.9% después de la intervención.

  10. Towards Horizontal Architecture for Autonomic M2M Service Networks

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Juhani Latvakoski

    2014-05-01

    Full Text Available Today, increasing number of industrial application cases rely on the Machine to Machine (M2M services exposed from physical devices. Such M2M services enable interaction of physical world with the core processes of company information systems. However, there are grand challenges related to complexity and “vertical silos” limiting the M2M market scale and interoperability. It is here expected that horizontal approach for the system architecture is required for solving these challenges. Therefore, a set of architectural principles and key enablers for the horizontal architecture have been specified in this work. A selected set of key enablers called as autonomic M2M manager, M2M service capabilities, M2M messaging system, M2M gateways towards energy constrained M2M asset devices and creation of trust to enable end-to-end security for M2M applications have been developed. The developed key enablers have been evaluated separately in different scenarios dealing with smart metering, car sharing and electric bike experiments. The evaluation results shows that the provided architectural principles, and developed key enablers establish a solid ground for future research and seem to enable communication between objects and applications, which are not initially been designed to communicate together. The aim as the next step in this research is to create a combined experimental system to evaluate the system interoperability and performance in a more detailed manner.

  11. Properties of M1-M2-Si-Al-O-N glasses (M1 = La or Nd, M2 = Y or Er)

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Pomeroy, M.J.; Nestor, E.; Hampshire, S. [Limerick Univ. (Ireland). Materials and Surface Science Inst.; Ramesh, R. [Littelfuse Ireland, Dundalk, Co. Louth (Ireland)

    2002-07-01

    Mixed lanthanide cation oxynitride glasses have been prepared in the M1 - M2 - Si-Al-O-N systems where M1 = La or Nd and M2 = Y or Er. The densities ({rho}), Young's moduli (E), microhardnesses (H{sub v}), glass transition temperatures (T{sub g}), dilatometric softening temperatures (T{sub dil}) and coefficients of thermal expansion (CTE) of 13 glasses were determined. The molar volume values (MV) calculated from density data, E, H{sub v}, T{sub g}, T{sub dil} and CTE values were all found to vary linearly with the effective cation field strength arising from the M1 and M2 modifier cations. Least squares intercept and slope values are presented which correlate each property to effective cation field strength together with error values which arise from glass and specimen preparation and measurement inconsistencies. These linear correlations clearly indicate that the overall glass structure remains the same for each of the thirteen glasses with only the modifier cation(s) having any influence. This influence appears to be a cross-linking effect, the strength of which increases as the effective cation field strength of the M1, M2 modifiers increases. (orig.)

  12. Validación de un instrumento para el tamizaje de casos de diabetes tipo 2 y la vigilancia de personas en riesgo en México Validation of an instrument for screening cases of type 2 diabetes and monitoring at-risk individuals in Mexico

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Fernando Guerrero-Romero

    2010-03-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Validar un método para el tamizaje de casos de diabetes tipo 2 y la vigilancia de personas en riesgo en una población del norte de México. MÉTODOS: El instrumento para el tamizaje de la diabetes tipo 2 (ITD se desarrolló a partir de un análisis de regresión logística múltiple que permitió determinar la asociación entre el diagnóstico nuevo de diabetes (variable dependiente y 11 factores de riesgo ya conocidos. Se realizaron validaciones interna (por el método de validación cruzada de conjuntos y externa mediante el seguimiento de una cohorte de personas sanas. Para estimar el riesgo relativo (RR de desarrollar diabetes tipo 2 se toma la puntuación total del ITD según los factores de riesgo de una persona y se lleva a una curva que ofrece la probabilidad de que esa persona desarrolle la enfermedad. RESULTADOS: De las 525 personas de la cohorte, 438 (83,4% completaron en promedio 7 años de seguimiento (entre 4,5 y 10 años, para un total de 2 696 personas-año; 62 (14,2% personas desarrollaron diabetes durante el seguimiento. Las personas que por sus factores de riesgo acumularon 55 puntos presentaron un incremento significativo en el riesgo de desarrollar diabetes en 7 años (RR = 6,1; IC95%: 1,7 a 11,1, mayor aún cuando la puntuación era de 75 puntos (RR = 9,4; IC95%: 2,1 a 11,5. CONCLUSIONES: El ITD es una alternativa válida y de fácil utilización para el tamizaje de la diabetes tipo 2. Su aplicación permitirá extender los beneficios de las acciones de prevención de la enfermedad y el diagnóstico temprano, sin aumentar considerablemente los costos y con un uso mínimo de los recursos de laboratorio.OBJECTIVE: To validate a method for screening cases of type 2 diabetes and monitoring at-risk people in a community in northern Mexico. METHODS: The screening instrument for type 2 diabetes (ITD, for its Spanish acronym was developed using a multiple logistic regression analysis that made it possible to determine

  13. Violencia laboral externa tipo amenaza contra médicos en servicios hospitalarios de Lima Metropolitana, Perú 2014

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ximena Tuya-Figueroa

    Full Text Available Objetivos. Estimar la frecuencia y los factores asociados a la violencia laboral externa tipo amenaza (VLETA contra médicos en servicios de salud hospitalarios de Lima Metropolitana, Perú. Materiales y Métodos. Se desarrolló un estudio transversal analítico que incluyó médicos del Ministerio de Salud (MINSA, la Seguridad Social (EsSalud y el subsector privado. Se midió la frecuencia de VLETA durante toda la práctica profesional, en los últimos doce meses y en el último mes. Se midieron variables relacionadas al médico, al agresor y al servicio de salud. Se estimaron razones de prevalencia (RPs cruda y ajustada mediante un modelo lineal generalizado familia Poisson con bootstrap no paramétrico. Resultados. Participaron 406 médicos. El 31,5% fueron víctimas de VLETA al menos una vez durante su práctica profesional; 19,9% en los últimos doces meses y 7,6% en el último mes. La probabilidad de ser amenazado en los últimos doce meses aumentó si el médico era varón (RPa:1,7;IC95%:1,1-2,8, egresado de una universidad peruana fuera de Lima Metropolitana (RPa:1,5; IC95%:1,1-2,4, laboraba en MINSA (RPa:7,9;IC95%:2,24-50,73 o en EsSalud (RPa:8,68; IC95%:2,26-56,17, y atendía en emergencia (RPa:1,9;IC95%:1,2-3,6 o en sala de operaciones (RPa:1,6 IC95%:1,1-2,3. La edad, los años de práctica profesional o ser médico residente no se asociaron a VLETA. Conclusiones. En los hospitales estudiados, una alta proporción de médicos ha sido víctima de VLETA. Laborar en servicios públicos aumenta dicha probabilidad. Se sugiere implementar estrategias de prevención primaria, identificación y soporte en los establecimientos hospitalarios.

  14. Determinantes sociales frente a estilos de vida en la diabetes mellitus de tipo 2 en Andalucía: ¿la dificultad para llegar a fin de mes o la obesidad? Social determinants vs. lifestyle in type 2 diabetes mellitus in Andalusia (Spain: difficulty in making ends meet or obesity?

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Antonio Escolar Pujolar

    2009-10-01

    Full Text Available Objetivo: Valorar las relaciones de la dificultad para llegar a fin de mes con la obesidad y la diabetes mellitus de tipo 2 en Andalucía. Métodos: Estudio transversal basado en los datos de la Encuesta de Salud de Andalucía-2003. Cálculo de prevalencias y odds ratio (OR de tener diabetes mellitus de tipo 2 según variables de estilo de vida, y de obesidad y diabetes mellitus de tipo 2 según la dificultad autopercibida para llegar a fin de mes. Resultados: La OR ajustada por edad de tener diabetes mellitus de tipo 2 en personas obesas respecto a las de peso normal fue de 2,52 (intervalo de confianza del 95% [IC95%]:1,63-3,88 y de 2,13 (IC95%:1,28-3,54 en las mujeres y los hombres, respectivamente. El sedentarismo no se asoció con un riesgo significativo de diabetes mellitus de tipo 2 en ninguno de los dos sexos. Para las mujeres con mayor dificultad económica para llegar a fin de mes, respecto a las que tienen más facilidades, la OR de ser obesa, ajustada por edad y ejercicio físico, fue de 3,03 (IC95%:1,96-4,66, y la de diabetes mellitus de tipo 2, ajustada por edad, ejercicio físico e índice de masa corporal, fue de 2,55 (IC95%:1,28-5,10. En los hombres ninguna de las OR fue estadísticamente significativa. Conclusión: En las mujeres, las dificultades para llegar a fin de mes reflejan un contexto socioeconómico favorecedor de obesidad y de diabetes mellitus de tipo 2. Las desigualdades de clase social y género identificadas pueden contribuir a ampliar el actual marco explicativo de los determinantes de la diabetes mellitus de tipo 2, excesivamente centrado en las conductas individuales. La dificultad autopercibida para llegar a fin de mes podría utilizarse como indicador de pobreza en los estudios de desigualdades en salud.Objective: To assess the relationship between difficulty in making ends meet and obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus in Andalusia. Methods: We performed a cross-sectional survey based on the Andalusian Health

  15. Caracterización de pacientes diabéticos de tipo 2 con complicaciones vasculares y riesgo de ateroesclerosi

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Milagros Violeta Font Difour

    2014-12-01

    Full Text Available Se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo y prospectivo para caracterizar a 200 pacientes diabéticos de tipo 2, diagnosticados con complicaciones vasculares y riesgo de ateroesclerosis, los cuales fueron ingresados en el Servicio de Medicina Interna del Hospital General Docente "Dr. Juan Bruno Zayas Alfonso" de Santiago de Cuba, desde junio del 2010 hasta igual mes del 2011. Entre las complicaciones más frecuentes figuraron: enfermedades cardiovasculares (29,5 %, neuropatía (21,5 % y retinopatía (19,5 %. Prevalecieron los afectados con 3 complicaciones (40,5 %, los que tenían un tiempo de evolución de la enfermedad de 11-15 años (38,0 %; además de la hiperlipidemia (35,0 %, la hipertensión arterial (32,0 % y el tabaquismo (26,5 % como factores de riesgo. Se concluye que con un enfoque multidisciplinario en el tratamiento y control de esta enfermedad se logra mejorar el pronóstico de los afectados.

  16. Homogeneous M2 duals

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Figueroa-O’Farrill, José; Ungureanu, Mara

    2016-01-01

    Motivated by the search for new gravity duals to M2 branes with N>4 supersymmetry — equivalently, M-theory backgrounds with Killing superalgebra osp(N|4) for N>4 — we classify (except for a small gap) homogeneous M-theory backgrounds with symmetry Lie algebra so(n)⊕so(3,2) for n=5,6,7. We find that there are no new backgrounds with n=6,7 but we do find a number of new (to us) backgrounds with n=5. All backgrounds are metrically products of the form AdS 4 ×P 7 , with P riemannian and homogeneous under the action of SO(5), or S 4 ×Q 7 with Q lorentzian and homogeneous under the action of SO(3,2). At least one of the new backgrounds is supersymmetric (albeit with only N=2) and we show that it can be constructed from a supersymmetric Freund-Rubin background via a Wick rotation. Two of the new backgrounds have only been approximated numerically.

  17. Homogeneous M2 duals

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Figueroa-O’Farrill, José [School of Mathematics and Maxwell Institute for Mathematical Sciences,The University of Edinburgh,James Clerk Maxwell Building, The King’s Buildings, Peter Guthrie Tait Road,Edinburgh EH9 3FD, Scotland (United Kingdom); Ungureanu, Mara [Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institut für Mathematik,Unter den Linden 6, 10099 Berlin (Germany)

    2016-01-25

    Motivated by the search for new gravity duals to M2 branes with N>4 supersymmetry — equivalently, M-theory backgrounds with Killing superalgebra osp(N|4) for N>4 — we classify (except for a small gap) homogeneous M-theory backgrounds with symmetry Lie algebra so(n)⊕so(3,2) for n=5,6,7. We find that there are no new backgrounds with n=6,7 but we do find a number of new (to us) backgrounds with n=5. All backgrounds are metrically products of the form AdS{sub 4}×P{sup 7}, with P riemannian and homogeneous under the action of SO(5), or S{sup 4}×Q{sup 7} with Q lorentzian and homogeneous under the action of SO(3,2). At least one of the new backgrounds is supersymmetric (albeit with only N=2) and we show that it can be constructed from a supersymmetric Freund-Rubin background via a Wick rotation. Two of the new backgrounds have only been approximated numerically.

  18. Synthesis and crystal structure of alkali metal diamido dioxosilicates M2SiO2(NH2)2 with M corresponds to K, Rb and Cs

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Jacobs, H.; Mengis, H.

    1993-01-01

    SiO 2 - α-quartz - reacts with alkali metal amides MNH 2 (M corresponds to K, Rb, and Cs) in molar ratios from 1:2 to 1:10 at 450 C ≤ T ≤ 600 C and P(NH 3 ) = 6 kbar in autoclaves to diamidodioxosilicates M[SiO 2 (NH 2 ) 2 ]. Crystals of the colourless compounds which hydrolyze rapidly were investigated by X-ray methods. (orig.)

  19. Espiritualidad e incertidumbre ante la enfermedad en personas con diabetes mellitus tipo 2

    OpenAIRE

    Gómez Palencia, Isabel Patricia

    2010-01-01

    Objetivo: Determinar la relación entre espiritualidad e incertidumbre presente en personas con situación crónica por diabetes mellitus tipo II. Metodología: abordaje cuantitativo de tipo correlacional de corte transversal, midiendo la espiritualidad con la escala de perspectiva espiritual de Reed, y la incertidumbre con la escala de Mishel. La muestra incluye 163 pacientes, distribuidos en la institución de la ESE Cartagena de Indias; y Fundación MEDICUS “Casa del diabético de Car...

  20. Disfunción diastólica asintomática en pacientes diabéticos tipo 2

    OpenAIRE

    Blanco Anesto, Jorge; Vázquez Vigoa, Alfredo; Bazán Milán, Manuel; Matilde Socarrás, María

    2003-01-01

    Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, de corte transversal, a un grupo de 38 pacientes diabéticos tipo 2, para determinar la frecuencia de disfunción diastólica asintomática y evaluar su posible asociación con otras variables. A todos se les realizó electrocardiograma, ecocardiograma, prueba ergométrica y ecocardiograma bidimensional y doppler pulsado para determinar la presencia de disfunción diastólica asintomática. Se les tomó una muestra de sangre para los indicadores de control metabólico. ...

  1. Unusual electronic features and reactivity of the dipyridylazaallyl ligand: characterizations of (smif)2M [M = Fe, Co, Co+, Ni; smif = {(2-py)CH}2N] and [(TMS)2NFe]2(smif)2.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Frazier, Brenda A; Wolczanski, Peter T; Lobkovsky, Emil B; Cundari, Thomas R

    2009-03-18

    Application of the dipyridylazaallyl ligand (2-py)CHNCH(2-py) (smif) to a series of first-row transition metals afforded (smif)(2)M(n) [n = 0, M = Fe (1), Co (2), Ni (3); n = +1, M = Co (2+)] and {(TMS)(2)NFe}(2)(smif)(2) (4(2)) via metathetical procedures. The Mossbauer spectrum of 1 (S = 0) and TDDFT calculations, including a UV-vis spectral simulation, reveal it to be a covalent, strong-field system with Delta(o) estimated as approximately 18,000 cm(-1) and B approximately 470 cm(-1). (smif)(2)Co (2) has S = 1/2 according to SQUID data at 10 K. DFT calculations suggest that the odd electron is localized in a smif pi* orbital, i.e., smif is redox-active. EPR-silent (smif)(2)Ni (3) has S = 1 (SQUID), and calculations show that the unpaired spins reside in the d(z(2)) and d(x(2))(-y(2)) orbitals. X-ray structural parameters suggest that low-spin d(6) 1 and 2+ are relatively symmetric D(2d) species, but 2 and 3 manifest a distortion in which one smif is canted in the plane perpendicular to the other. (smif)FeN(TMS)(2) (4) is principally monomeric in solution, but reversibly dimerizes (K(eq) approximately 10(-4) M(-1)) via C-C bond formation in the azaallyl backbone to crystallize as {(TMS)(2)NFe}(2)(smif)(2) (4(2)). The azaallyl compounds possess extraordinary UV-vis absorptivities (epsilon approximately 18,000-52,000) at 580 +/- 15 nm and 406(25) nm that have been identified as intraligand bands with C(nb) --> smif pi* character.

  2. X-ray spectra, chemical bonding, and electron structure of ScM2Si2 (M = Fe, Co, Ni)

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Shcherba, I.D.; Kotur, B.Ya.

    1990-01-01

    In a study of the interaction of the components in the ternary systems Sc-M-Si (where M is a 3d transition metal) it was established that there are compounds of the empirical formula ScM 2 Si 2 (M = Fe, Co, Ni). They crystallize in two structural types, HfFe 2 Si 2 (the compound ScFe 2 Si 2 ) and CeGa 2 Al 2 (ScCo 2 Si 2 and ScNi 2 Si 2 ) (ref. 1), leading to different coordination environment of the atoms in the structures of the compounds. With the aim of investigating the electron structure and the type ofin these compounds, they authors made a systematic x-ray spectral investigation with simultaneous analysis of the crystal structures of ScM 2 Si 2

  3. Lifestyle changes in descendants of parents with diabetes type 2 Cambio en los patrones de vida en descendientes de progenitores con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 del noreste de Mexico Mudança em os padrões de vida em descendentes de progenitores com diabetes mellitus tipo 2 do nordeste do México

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Rosalinda Guerra-Juárez

    2007-10-01

    Full Text Available This study aimed to explore the disposition of diabetic parents' descendents in changing eating and physical activity patterns. It was based on the heritability concept and Prochaska's Transtheoretical Model. This is a descriptive-correlational study; participants included 30 parents, randomly selected, and 60 children. Results and conclusion: 68% of the children was classified as obese, 42% with insulin resistance, and 15% with carbohydrate intolerance. None of the risk factors was associated with the stages of change. The heritability factor was 1.37%; more people younger than 40 and women report decreasing in the consumption of fat food (Xi² = 6.04, p = .020; and 4.41, p = .040, respectively. These results suggest a high influence of environmental factors on the participants' unhealthy life styles.El objetivo general del estudio fue explorar la disposición al cambio de patrones alimentarios y actividad física en descendientes de progenitores con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DMT2, aplicando un diseño descriptivo correlacional. La base teórica la constituyó el componente genético heredabilidad (h² y el Modelo Transteorético de Prochaska; participaron 30 progenitores con DMT2 y 60 descendientes. Resultados y Conclusión: El 68% de los descendientes fueron obesos, 60% con riesgo de enfermedad cardiovascular, 42% con resistencia a la insulina (RI y 15% intolerantes a la glucosa; ninguno de los factores de riesgo se asoció con las etapas de cambio. El componente genético para RI fue mínimo (h² = 1.37%. Una mayor proporción de menores de 40 años (p = .020 y de mujeres "contemplan" disminuir el consumo de grasas (p = .040. Estos resultados sugieren un mayor peso de factores del medio ambiente sobre el estilo de vida nocivo de los participantes.O objetivo geral do estudo foi explorar à disposição à mudança dos padrões alimentares e atividade física nos descendentes de progenitores com diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DMT2. Aplicou-se un

  4. Problemas Emocionais e Percepção de Coerção em Pacientes com Diabetes Tipo 2: Um Estudo Observacional

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Carolina Campos Gross

    2011-01-01

    Full Text Available Introdução: A participação ativa no tratamento, o cuidado psicológico e a comunicação efetiva entre paciente e equipe de saúde são fundamentais para ao tratamento efetivo do diabetes. Objetivo: Identificar os problemas enfrentados pelos pacientes com diabetes e avaliar o grau de coerção associado a estes aspectos. Método: Estudo transversal com 152 pacientes com diabetes tipo 2 foi conduzido utilizando duas escalas: Problem Areas in Diabetes Scale (PAID e Percepção de Coerção. A hemoglobina glicada foi avaliada com HPLC. Resultados: Mulheres apresentaram nível maior de problemas emocionais com relação ao diabetes (PAID ≥ a 40 do que os homens (X2=5,3; gl=1; P=0,021. Com relação à percepção de coerção, 94,4% (N=118 consideraram ter tido oportunidade suficiente de dizer para a equipe de saúde se queriam se tratar e 83,2% (N=104 o que queriam a respeito do tratamento. Enquanto 12,7% (N=16 referiram que ninguém parecia interessado em saber se ele/ela queria se tratar e 16% (N=20 consideram que a sua opinião sobre o tratamento não interessou à equipe de saúde. O nível de hemoglobina glicada apresentou moderada correlação com a percepção do paciente sobre a oportunidade que recebeu de dizer para a equipe de saúde se queria se tratar. Conclusão: Nesta amostra de pacientes com diabetes tipo 2, os problemas emocionais relacionados ao diabetes se mostram frequentes, principalmente nas mulheres. A percepção de coerção mostrou associação com PAID e com o nível de hemoglobina glicada.

  5. Factores de no adherencia al tratamiento en personas con Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2 en el domicilio. La visión del cuidador familiar Fatores de não aderência ao tratamento em pessoas com diabetes mellitus tipo 2 no domicílio. A visão do cuidador familiar Non adherence factors to treatment of people with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus at home. Family caregiver’s view

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Teresa Nury Hoyos Duque

    2011-07-01

    Full Text Available Objetivo. Comprender los factores para no adherencia al trata- miento de personas con Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2 (DM2, desde la visión del cuidador familiar. Metodología. Estudio etnográfico enfocado. En 2008 se realizaron 18 entrevistas a cuidadores de pacientes con DM2, pertenecientes a programas de control de diabetes de instituciones de salud de Medellín (Colombia, y también se efectuaron seis observaciones de momentos significativos del cuidado. Resultados. La adherencia al tratamiento en personas con DM2 está mediada por múltiples factores que la dificultan como: concepciones culturales de la enfermedad, desencuentro entre los discursos del equipo profesional de salud y el saber popular, cansancio de tomar tantos medicamentos, miedo a la múltiples punciones por la aplicación de la insulina, insatisfacción con la calidad brindada de los servicios de salud y el costo económico de la enfermedad a largo plazo. Conclusión. Desde la visión de los cuidadores familiares, la adherencia al tratamiento de las personas con DM2 es escasa; hay múltiples factores que influyen en ello.Objetivo. Compreender os fatores para não aderência ao tratamento de pessoas com Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2 (DM2, desde a visão do cuidador familiar. Metodologia. Estudo etnográfico enfocado. Em 2008 se realizaram 18 entrevistas a cuidadores de pacientes com DM2, pertencentes a programas de controle de diabete de instituições de saúde de Medellín (Colômbia, e também se efetuaram seis observações de momentos significativos do cuidado. Resultados. A aderência ao tratamento em pessoas com DM2 está mediada por múltiplos fatores que a dificultam como: concepções culturais da doença, desencontro entre os discursos da equipe profissional de saúde e o saber popular, cansaço de tomar tantos medicamentos, medo à múltiplas punções pela aplicação da insulina, insatisfação com a qualidade brindada dos serviços de saúde e o custo econômico da doen

  6. Régimen con insulina lispro mix 25 versus insulina glargina para la diabetes tipo 2

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Laura Fernández Landó

    2012-06-01

    Full Text Available La información sobre el inicio de regímenes de insulina en poblaciones específicas con diabetes tipo 2 (DT2 es limitada. Se comparó eficacia y seguridad de dos regímenes de inicio: insulina lispro mix 25 (LM25 e insulina glargina basal (GL. Se evaluaron 193 pacientes no tratados previamente con insulina, en la fase de iniciación de 24 semanas del ensayo DURABLE; edades: 30-79 años, DT2 controlada inadecuadamente (HbA1c > 7.0% con = 2 medicaciones orales antidiabéticas (MOAs, aleatorizados para LM25 (25% de insulina lispro, 75% de insulina lispro protamina en suspensión dos veces/día, o GL (insulina glargina basal una vez/ día, a las MOAs previas. La eficacia primaria se midió por HbA1c a las 24 semanas. Se midió eficacia secundaria por: proporción de pacientes que alcanzaron HbA1c= 6.5% y= 7.0%, cambio en peso corporal, valores de automonitoreo glucémico e índices de hipoglucemia. LM25 demostró mayor reducción de la HbA1c (- 2.4% ± 0.16 vs. -2.0% ± 0.16, P = 0.002, mayor proporción de pacientes alcanzaron HbA1c= 7.0% (P = 0.012 y niveles de glucemia menores después del desayuno (P = 0.028 y de la cena (P = 0.011, y a las 3 a.m. (P = 0.005 comparada con GL. La glucemia en ayunas (GA y la proporción de pacientes que alcanzaron una HbA1c= 6.5% fueron similares. En ambos grupos hubo aumento del peso corporal, mayor en la valoración final con LM25 (6.35 kg vs. 4.23 kg, P < 0.001. No hubieron diferencias en índices de hipoglucemia entre grupos, ni eventos adversos serios en ninguno. Con LM25 fue mejor el control de glucosa, riesgo de hipoglucemia similar y mayor aumento de peso que GL.

  7. Prevalência de fatores de risco de natureza modificável para a ocorrência de diabetes mellitus tipo 2 Predominio de factores de riesgo posibles de modificar en el acontecimiento de diabetes tipo 2 Prevalence of risk factors that can be modified into the occurrence of type 2 diabetes

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Rosa Maria Fernandes Vilarinho

    2008-09-01

    Full Text Available Estudo transversal realizado com estudantes universitários do curso de Enfermagem para identificação de fatores de risco para o diabetes tipo 2. Em relação ao nível de risco: 65% apresentavam risco baixo, 27%, risco zero, enquanto 7,5% exibiam risco alto. A história familiar de diabetes e hipertensão foi identificada em 45% da amostra. A prevalência de sedentarismo foi igual a 75%; de sobrepeso, igual a 15%, e de obesidade (IMC e ³25 kg/m², igual a 5%. Verificaram-se ainda um menor consumo de alimentos ricos em fibras e o aumento do consumo de alimentos ricos em gorduras. Os dados levantados apontaram para a necessidade de investimentos em ações de promoção à saúde dentro da própria unidade de formação, como a criação de espaços próprios destinados à valorização da aquisição de novas práticas de saúde, através da ênfase à prática da atividade física, e incentivo à aquisição de hábitos alimentares saudáveis.El estudio enfadado realizado cerca de estudiantes de universidad del curso de enfermería, para la identificación de factores del riesgo para la diabetes tipo 2. En cuanto al nivel de riesgo: el 65 % presentaba bajo el riesgo, el 27 % marco el cero, mientras el 7,5 % mostraba el riesgo alto. La historia cerca de diabetes y hipertensión fue identificada en el 45 % de la muestra. El predominio de: el sedentarismo era el mismo al 75 %; de la sobrecarga igual al 15 %, y de la obesidad (CMI e" 25 kg/m2 igualan al 5 %. Menos consumo de la comida rica pasó todavía en fibras y el aumento del consumo de la comida rica en grasa. Los datos levantados señalaran la necesidad de inversiones en acciones de promoción a la salud dentro de la misma unidad de formación, como la creación de propios espacios destinados, el aumento del valor de la adquisición de nuevas prácticas de la salud, por el énfasis la práctica de la actividad física y incentivo a la adquisición de alimenticios saludables.Cross study

  8. On the 2m 2m 2m-th power mean of Dirichlet L-functions with the ...

    Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

    The main purpose is to use the analytic method to study the 2 m -th power mean of Dirichlet -functions with the weight of the general trigonometric sums and give ... School of Science, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, People's Republic of China; The School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi'an ...

  9. Diseño de módulos I2C en FPGA de la familia Altera

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Victor Escartín

    2010-09-01

    Full Text Available Normal 0 21 false false false ES-TRAD X-NONE X-NONE MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 En este trabajo se describe el diseño de un módulo I2C master utilizando registros del tipo FIFO, y de un módulo I2C esclavo, para implementar el protocolo I2C. Para el diseño se utilizó un FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array, que mediante un lenguaje de descripción de hardware (HDL, permite realizar diseño de cualquier sistema digital. En esta aplicación se utilizó el lenguaje VHDL (Very High Speed Hardware Description Language y la plataforma de desarrollo Quartus II versión 5. El módulo I2C master realizado en este trabajo se encarga de la comunicación entre un microcontrolador de la familia MSC51 y el módulo I2C esclavo con velocidades iguales o superiores a la que el estándar impone en los circuitos comerciales. El diseño fue realizado utilizando bibliotecas de módulos parametrizables conocidas por sus siglas en inglés LPM (Library Parametric Module que ofrece Altera en el software utilizado. Estos módulos permiten disminuir el consumo de celdas optimizando el rendimiento, aunque el pago sea la no universalidad del código empleado. De esta forma se logro un diseño que puede ser utilizado en diferentes aplicaciones.  ARREGLAR

  10. A short comparison between mT2 and mCT

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Serna, Mario

    2008-01-01

    We compare m T2 with m CT ; both are kinematic variables designed to find relationships between masses of pair-produced new states with symmetric decay chains. We find that for massless visible particles m CT equals m T2 in a particular limit. We identify advantages and disadvantages to the use of each variable. Tovey's paper on m CT also introduced a powerful concept of extracting mass information from an analysis at intermediate stages of a symmetric decay chain. We suggest that m T2 is a better tool for performing this analysis than m CT due to m T2 's better properties under initial state radiation.

  11. Report ETSI M2M-14bis JTC March 2011 meeting

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Keesmaat, N.W.

    2011-01-01

    The ETSI Technical Committee (TC) M2M focuses on the development of a generic M2M architecture and underlying protocols suitable for a wide range of M2M environments. Whereas in the past effort has been put in the development of several use cases, the focus of this M2M 14bis meeting – held in Sophia

  12. New metal-organic polygons involving MM quadruple bonds: M8(O2CtBu)4(mu-SC4H2-3,4-{CO2}2)6 (M=Mo, W).

    Science.gov (United States)

    Byrnes, Matthew J; Chisholm, Malcolm H; Patmore, Nathan J

    2005-12-12

    The reactions between M2(O2CtBu)4, where M=Mo or W, and thienyl-3,4-dicarboxylic acid (0.5-1.5 equiv) in toluene proceed via a series of detectable intermediates to the compounds M8(O2CtBu)4(mu-SC4H2-3,4-{CO2}2)6, which are isolated as air-sensitive yellow (M=Mo) or red (M=W) powders and show parent molecular ions in their mass spectra (MALDI). The structure of the molybdenum complex was determined by single-crystal X-ray crystallography and shown to contain an unusual M8 polygon involving four Mo2 quadruply bonded units linked via the agency of the six 3,4-thienylcarboxylate groups. The structure has crystallographically imposed S4 symmetry and may be described in terms of a highly distorted tetrahedron of Mo2 units or a bisphenoid in which two Mo2 units are linked by a thienyldicarboxylate such that intramolecular Mo2...O bonding is present, while the other thienylcarboxylate bridges merely serve to link these two [Mo2]...[Mo2] units together. The color of the compounds arises from intense M2 delta-to-thienyl pi transitions and, in THF, the complexes are redox-active and show four successive quasi-reversible oxidation waves. The [M8]+ radical cations, generated by one-electron oxidation with AgPF6, are shown to be valence-trapped (class II) by UV-vis-near-IR and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy. These results are supported by the electronic structure calculations on model compounds M8(O2CH)4(mu-SC4H2-3,4-{CO}2)6 employing density functional theory that reveal only a small splitting of the M2 delta manifold via mixing with the 3,4-thienylcarboxylate pi system.

  13. Diabetes tipo 2, obesidad y cetoacidosis diabética en niños. Reporte de caso.

    OpenAIRE

    Manrique, Helard; Pinto, Miguel; Ramirez-Saba, Alfonso; Zapana, Alexander; Aro-Guardia, Pedro

    2011-01-01

    Se reporta el caso de una niña con obesidad que acudió a nuestro hospital por presentar cetoacidosis diabética. El manejo inicial incluyó hidratación enérgica e insulina endovenosa. El análisis de anticuerpos anti-GAD fue negativo y el péptido C fue normal. El control metabólico a largo plazo fue con metformina, dieta y ejercicio.Tradicionalmente, la diabetes tipo 2 ha sido considerada una enfermedad de adultos. Sin embargo, a medida que aumenta la prevalencia de obesidad en niños, aumenta el...

  14. Estimativa do risco para diabetes mellitus tipo 2 em bancários da cidade de Tubarão, estado de Santa Catarina, Brasil = Assessing the risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus in bank employees from the city of Tubarao, Santa Catarina state, Brazil

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Bittencourt, Amanda

    2013-01-01

    Conclusões: Os bancários da cidade de Tubarão apresentam risco de desenvolver diabetes mellitus tipo 2 em 10 anos e esse risco tende a aumentar quanto maior o tempo nesta profissão. Medidas preventivas são necessárias para melhora da qualidade de vida desses funcionários, bem como redução do risco de desenvolvimento de diabetes mellitus tipo 2

  15. [H2en]2{La2M(SO4)6(H2O)2} (M=Co, Ni): First organically templated 3d-4f mixed metal sulfates

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Yuan Yanping; Wang Ruiyao; Kong Deyuan; Mao Jianggao; Clearfield, Abraham

    2005-01-01

    The first organically templated 3d-4f mixed metal sulfates, [H 2 en] 2 {La 2 M(SO 4 ) 6 (H 2 O) 2 } (M=Co 1, Ni 2) have been synthesized and structurally determined from non-merohedrally twinned crystals. The two compounds are isostructural and their structures feature a three-dimensional anionic network formed by the lanthanum(III) and nickel(II) ions bridged by sulfate anions. The La(III) ions in both compounds are 10-coordinated by four sulfate anions in bidentate chelating fashion, and two sulfate anions in a unidentate fashion. The transition metal(II) ion is octahedrally coordinated by six oxygens from four sulfate anions and two aqua ligands. The doubly protonated enthylenediamine cations are located at the tunnels formed by 8-membered rings (four La and four sulfate anions)

  16. Construção e avaliação de um protótipo de máquina coletora de anteras Construction and evaluation of an anther collector prototype machine

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    Rodrigo Tonet

    2013-03-01

    Full Text Available Um protótipo de máquina coletora de anteras foi projetado e construído, e seu desempenho foi avaliado, comparando - se com o método de coleta manual, em flores rosáceas e campanuladas de pessegueiro (Prunus persica. O trabalho foi conduzido utilizando-se do delineamento experimental inteiramente ao acaso, arranjado em um esquema bifatorial (2 métodos de remoção x 2 formas florais, com 12 repetições de 30 balões florais. O protótipo apresentou maior velocidade de processamento, sem diminuir a qualidade do pólen, mesmo sendo armazenadas anteras com maior quantidade de filetes e descartado maior número de anteras do que o método manual.An anther collector prototype machine was projected and built. Its performance was evaluated by comparisons between the use of the prototype and the traditional manual method, both for showy and non-showy peach-tree flowers (Prunus persica. The study was accomplished in August 2011 using a completely randomized experimental design, arranged in a bi-factorial scheme (2 collection methods x 2 flower forms, with 12 repetitions, each consisted by 30 flowers. The prototype proved to be faster in the anther extraction time without losses in the pollen quality, even harvesting anthers with higher fillet amounts and discarding a higher quantity of anthers than the manual method.

  17. Apego al tratamiento farmacológico en pacientes con diagnóstico de diabetes mellitus tipo 2 Pharmacological therapy compliance in diabetes

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    Blanca Rosa Durán-Varela

    2001-06-01

    Full Text Available Objetivos. Establecer la frecuencia de apego al tratamiento farmacológico en pacientes diabéticos tipo 2, relacionarla con el control metabólico e identificar factores que influyen para el no apego. Material y métodos. Estudio transversal comparativo, efectuado en 150 pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 de la unidad de medicina familiar No. 33 del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social de Chihuahua, Chih., México, hecho entre 1997 y 1998. Se midió el apego con cuenta de tabletas en su domicilio. El control metabólico se midió con hemoglobina glucosilada. Un cuestionario investigó factores relacionados. Se utilizó estadística descriptiva, t de Student y razón de momios. Resultados. El apego correspondió a 54.2%. Los factores asociados al no apego fueron la escolaridad primaria y la falta de información sobre la enfermedad (phttp://www.insp.mx/salud/index.htmlObjective. To establish the frequency of compliance to pharmacological therapy, and to identify non-compliance factors, in relation to metabolic control on patients with type-II diabetes mellitus. Material and methods. A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted between 1997 and 1998, among 150 type-II diabetic patients, at the Family Medicine Unit No. 33, of the Mexican Institute of Social Security, in Chihuahua, Mexico. Compliance to drug therapy was measured by counting tablets at home. Metabolic control was measured through glycosilated hemoglobin. A questionnaire was given to collect data on factors related to compliance. Statistical analysis consisted of descriptive statistics, Student's t and odds ratios. Results. Pharmacological therapy compliance was 54.2%. Factors associated with non-compliance were elementary schooling and lack of information about the disease. Conclusions. Pharmacological therapy compliance was low. Factors related to non-compliance can be modified through education. The English version of this paper is available at: http://www.insp.mx/salud/index.html

  18. Radiation induced genetic variability studies in M2 and F2M2 generation in chilli (Capsicum annum L.)

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Rangaiah, S.; Manjunath, A.; Naik, Puttarama; Gangappa, E.

    2002-01-01

    Chilli (Capsicum annum L.) is an important commercial crop in India. Mutation breeding is one of the effective tool to create new variability. Since, yield and its component characters show polygenic inheritance, information on amount of heritable portion of variability created through mutation for these characters is needed to use the induced variability for crop improvement. To harness more variability mutation has been superimposed on hybridization in several crops. The present study is undertaken to estimate the genetic variability induced through gamma irradiation for the polygenically inherited productive traits of chilli in M 2 and F 2 M 2 generation

  19. Modelo de manejo de casos en pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 Case management model in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

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    María Guadalupe Martínez de Dávila

    2006-03-01

    Full Text Available Objetivo: Implementar el modelo de manejo de casos y evaluar su efectividad en pacientes hospitalizados con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 Metodología: Muestra de 17 pacientes hospitalizados con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 para dos grupos, experimental y control. Etapas del estudio: a selección de pacientes y capacitación del equipo multidisciplinario, b intervención multidisciplinaria y c seguimiento en el hogar. Resultados: Grupo experimental: media de días estancia hospitalaria de 4.88. Sólo 11.8% de los pacientes tuvo un reingreso hospitalario en los seis meses posteriores al egreso. Media de hemoglobina glucosilada al ingreso al hospital 11.45%; al finalizar la intervención 8.84%, la prueba de comparación de medias t de Student reportó diferencia significativa (p=.001. Grupo control: media de días estancia de 6.24. En los siguientes seis meses 35.3% tuvieron de uno a dos reingresos. Conclusiones: El grupo experimental reportó menores días estancia y reingresos hospitalarios, mayor conocimiento y acciones de autocuidado para el tratamiento de la enfermedad, mayor involucramiento de la familia en el cuidado y mejor control glucémico a través de la hemoglobina glucosilada.Aim: To implement the Case Management Model and to assess its effectiveness in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitas. Methodology: Two seveenteen patients groups were sampled. One was experimental and the second was a control group Study stages: a selection of patients and training of the multi-disciplinary team, b multi-disciplinary intervention, c follow-up at home. Results: Experimental group: mean days of hospital stay were 4.88. Only 11.8% of patients had one hospital readmission within the six months after the discharge. Mean of glycosilated hemoglobin at hospital admission: 11.45%.At the end of intervention: 8.84%. The t student comparison of means showed a significant difference (p= 001. Control group: mean days of stay was 6.24. In the following six months 35

  20. Resgate vegetativo por alporquia de genótipos adultos de urucum (Bixa orellana L.

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    Nilton César Mantovani

    2010-09-01

    Full Text Available Este trabalho teve por objetivos avaliar a técnica de alporquia visando ao resgate vegetativo de genótipos de urucum (Bixa orellana L. e a obtenção de plantas fornecedoras de propágulos para processos de propagação clonal. Foram utilizadas dez plantas matrizes de urucum, com 12 anos de idade, obtidas partindo do cruzamento artificial entre os genótipos "Fruto Verde Piloso" X "Fruto Vermelho Liso". Os alporques foram realizados em ramos de 1 a 2 cm de diâmetro, utilizando-se como substrato uma mistura de vermiculita e musgo. Foi avaliado o efeito (1 do tipo de anelamento da casca dos ramos (total ou parcial, com 1 cm de comprimento, (2 do AIB (ácido indol-3-butírico a 0 e 4,92 mM aplicado em papel filtro e (3 do tipo de proteção dos alporques (filmes plásticos transparente ou preto ou tecido tencel, no enraizamento de alporque dos dez genótipos. A técnica de alporquia proporcionou o enraizamento de ramos dos dez genótipos avaliados, com eficiência variável de 20 a 100%, havendo efeito do genótipo sobre a frequência de enraizamento. A sobrevivência desses alporques foi de 100% após o plantio quando estes foram produzidos com anelamento total, tratados com AIB e protegidos com plástico transparente. Em casa de vegetação os alporques desenvolveram ramos partindo da brotação de gemas caulinares constituindo estoques de explantes apropriados para serem utilizados como estacas ou como fontes de segmentos nodais para a propagação in vitro desta espécie.

  1. Diabetes Mellitus: fatores de risco em uma instituição de ensino na área da saúde Los factores de riesgo para los Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2 de institución de enseñanza Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus: risk factors in a school in the health field

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    Maria Carolina Alves Ortiz

    2000-12-01

    Full Text Available O objetivo deste estudo é identificar os fatores de risco para o diabetes mellitus tipo 2. Os resultados indicam a necessidade de programa educativo junto às instituições, visando despertar nos sujeitos a busca de estilos de vida saudáveis a fim de prevenir os fatores de risco para o diabetes tipo 2.El objetivo del estudio es identificar los factores de riesgo para la diabetes mellitus de tipo 2. Los resultados muestran la necesidad de un programa educativo junto con las instituciones, buscando despertar en los sujetos la necesidad de buscar un estilo de vida saludable con el fin de prevenir los factores de riesgo para la diabetes tipo 2.This work aims at identifying the risks factors of type-2 diabetes mellitus. The results show the need of an education program in institutions aiming at making the subjects aware of the necessity to look for healthy life styles in order to prevent the risks factors of type-2 diabetes.

  2. A distributed approach for secure M2M communications

    OpenAIRE

    BEN SAIED , Yosra; OLIVEREAU , Alexis; LAURENT , Maryline

    2012-01-01

    International audience; A key establishment solution for heterogeneous Machine to Machine (M2M) communications is proposed. Decentralization in M2M environment leads to situations where highly resource-constrained nodes have to establish end-to-end secured contexts with powerful remote servers, which would normally be impossible because of the technological gap between these classes of devices. This paper proposes a novel collaborative session key exchange method, wherein a highly resource-co...

  3. Parâmetros de desempenho e carcaça de genótipos de frangos tipo caipira

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    R.C. Veloso

    2014-08-01

    Full Text Available Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar as características de desempenho e de carcaça de sete genótipos de frangos tipo caipira da linhagem Redbro. Foram utilizados 840 pintos de um dia, machos, distribuídos em delineamento inteiramente ao acaso, dos seguintes genótipos: Caboclo, Carijó, Colorpak, Gigante Negro, Pesadão Vermelho, Pescoço Pelado e Tricolor. Os frangos foram alojados em 28 boxes, sendo 30 frangos por boxe, em galpão de alvenaria com acesso a um piquete de 45m², em quatro repetições. As características de desempenho (conversão alimentar, ganho em peso médio diário, consumo de ração médio diário foram avaliadas nos períodos: um a 28, um a 56, um a 70 e um a 84 dias de idade. O peso corporal foi avaliado aos 28, 56, 70 e 84 dias de idade. As características de carcaça (peso e rendimento de carcaça, peito e pernas foram obtidas a partir do abate de dois frangos por boxe, aos 85 dias de idade. As análises estatísticas foram realizadas utilizando-se o "proc glm" do SAS. Verificou-se que, em todos os períodos, os frangos do genótipo Colorpak apresentaram maior peso corporal, consumo de ração médio diário, ganho em peso médio diário e melhor conversão alimentar. Entretanto, os genótipos Caboclo e Gigante Negro apresentaram menores consumo de ração médio diário, ganho de peso médio diário e pior conversão alimentar. Quanto ao rendimento de cortes, observou-se que os genótipos Caboclo e Gigante Negro apresentaram os menores valores, e o Carijó, Colorpak, Pesadão Vermelho, Pescoço Pelado e Tricolor obtiveram os melhores rendimentos de pernas. Para o rendimento de peito, o Carijó e o Pesadão Vermelho obtiveram os maiores valores. A escolha do genótipo deve ser feita de acordo com o interesse do mercado, pois há diferenças no desempenho e no rendimento de carcaça e dos cortes.

  4. Relación entre características antropométricas y variables de riesgo vascular en diabéticos tipo 2 Relationship between anthropometric characteristics and its repercussion in Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus

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    Karelia Zubizarreta Peinado

    2012-06-01

    Full Text Available La interrelación existente entre obesidad y diabetes mellitus tipo 2 tiene gran importancia clínico-epidemiológica. Se propone como objetivo evaluar en diabéticos tipo 2 la relación entre las características antropométricas y el nivel de riesgo de variables clínicas y bioquímicas. Se estudiaron 120 pacientes, edades 40 a 79 años, de la consulta de diabetes del Hospital "Hermanos Ameijeiras¨, entre octubre del 2009 y septiembre del 2010. Se evaluaron antecedentes, complementarios, y se realizó examen clínico general. Se determinaron índice de masa corporal (IMC, circunferencia abdominal (CA, tensión arterial (TA, parámetros glucémicos (glucemia en ayunas, postprandial, hemoglobina glucosilada, lípidicos (colesterol, triglicéridos, HDL-C, LDL-C, así como ácido úrico y microalbuminuria y se clasificaron según riesgo vascular en bajo, moderado y alto. Se consideró alto riesgo la obesidad (IMC = de 30 kg/m²sc y CA aumentada (CAA hombres >102 cm y mujeres > 88 y se relacionaron con el nivel de riesgo predeterminado para el resto de las variables. Los resultados se analizaron estadísticamente con significación de p The interrelation between obesity and type-2 diabetes mellitus is very important from the clinical and epidemiological view points. This study was aimed at assessing the association between vascular risk and anthropometric variables in patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus, where the body-mass index and the abdominal size were evaluated in relation to the presence of chronic vascular complications in these patients. One hundred twenty (120 patients from 40 to 79 years old, attending to the diabetes mellitus office at “Hermanos Ameijeiras” University Hospital from October 2009 to September 2010 were included in the study considering the medical history, complementary and general clinical examinations. Body-mass index, abdominal size (AS, insulinemia and C-peptide were also determined; (IMC ≥ de 30 kg/m2 sc

  5. Lipoproteína (a está associada com níveis basais de insulina em pacientes com Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2 Lipoproteína (a está asociada a niveles basales de insulina en pacientes con Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2 Lipoprotein (a is associated with basal insulin levels in patients with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Syed Shahid Habib

    2009-07-01

    Full Text Available FUNDAMENTO: Ainda não foi claramente estabelecido se a resistência/deficiência insulínica leva diretamente à aterogênese ou através de sua associação com outros fatores de risco como os níveis de lipoproteína (a[Lp(a]. OBJETIVO: O objetivo do estudo foi estabelecer a relação entre os níveis basais de insulina, lípides e lipoproteína (a em pacientes com diabetes mellitus (DM tipo 2. MÉTODOS: Amostras de sangue foram colhidas em jejum e os níveis de insulina, lipoproteína (a, colesterol total (CT, triglicérides (TG, lipoproteína de baixa densidade (LDL-C, lipoproteína de alta densidade (LDL-C, glicose e hemoglobina glicada (HbA1c foram medidos em 60 pacientes com DM tipo 2 e 28 indivíduos saudáveis. Nós dividimos os pacientes em dois grupos baseados nos níveis basais de insulina: > 10 µIU/ml e 10 µIU/ml comparados com aqueles que apresentavam insulina basal FUNDAMENTO: Todavía no se aclaró totalmente si la resistencia/deficiencia insulínica lleva directamente a la aterogénesis o a través de su asociación con otros factores de riesgo como los niveles de lipoproteína (a [Lp(a]. OBJETIVO: : El objetivo del estudio fue establecer la relación entre los niveles basales de insulina, lípidos y lipoproteína (a en pacientes con diabetes mellitus (DM tipo 2. MÉTODOS: Se extrajeron muestras de sangre en ayuno y se determinaron los niveles de insulina, lipoproteína (a, colesterol total (CT, triglicéridos (TG, lipoproteína de baja densidad (LDL-C, lipoproteína de alta densidad (LDL-C, glucosa y hemoglobina glicosilada (HbA1c en 60 pacientes con DM tipo 2 y 28 individuos sanos. Dividimos a los pacientes en dos grupos basados en los niveles basales de insulina: > 10 µIU/ml y 10 µIU/ml comparados con aquellos que presentaban insulina basal BACKGROUND: It has not been clearly established whether insulin resistance/deficiency leads directly to atherogenesis or through its association with other risk factors such as

  6. Intervenciones Farmaceuticas en pacientes con Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2

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    Gladys Mabel Maidana

    Full Text Available Resumen Introducción: La Atención Farmacêutica es la provision responsable de la farmacoterapia con el propósito de alcanzar resultados concretos que mejoren la calidad de vida de los pacientes. Objetivo: Evaluar el impacto de las intervenciones farmacéuticas en pacientes con Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2. Metodologia: Ensayo Clínico Aleatorizado, con medición de variables antes y después. No probabilísti-co. De conveniencia. Participaron 32 pacientes del grupo intervenido y 32 en grupo control. Se realizaron entrevistas mensuales en un periodo de intervención farmacéutica de 6 meses (desde octubre 2011 hasta junio 2012. Se registraron solo 3 abandonos. Resultados: La edad de los pacientes fue 55,6±10,6 anos. Los pacientes del grupo intervenido mejoraron la glicemia en 34%, donde 24 pacientes tenian el valor (< 130 mg/dL; la hemoglobina glicosilada mejoró 1,9%, donde 15 pacientes lograron los parámetros deseados (< 6,5%. La calidad de vida del grupo inter-venido aumentó de (56,3 a 71,3 % y fue medido con el cuestionario SF-36. En el grupo intervenido se encontraron 80 problemas relacionados con medicamentos, en 27 pacientes, se resolvieron 59; al final del estudio 12 pacientes resolvieron todos los problemas relacionados con medicamentos; se realizaron 254 intervenciones farmacêuticas, el nivel de conocimiento de los pacientes sobre la enfermedad mejoró en 41%, el conocimiento sobre sus medicamentos mejoró en 53%. Conclusión: Las intervenciones farmacêuticas mejoraron los parámetros clínicos de glicemia, hemoglobina glicosilada, optimizaron el uso de medicamentos, disminuyeron los problemas relacionados con medicamentos, mejoraron la calidad de vida de los pacientes.

  7. Evaluación nutricional en diabéticos tipo 2 obesos mórbidos para la realización de la cirugía bariátrica Nutritional assessment in type 2 diabetes patients with morbid obesity for carrying out of bariatics surgery

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    María Matilde Socarrás Suárez

    2011-06-01

    Full Text Available La diabetes mellitus representa un importante problema de salud en el mundo y en Cuba. El tratamiento de los diabéticos tipo 2 obesos mórbidos puede ser con cirugía bariátrica para lograr su control metabólico. Con el tratamiento convencional de la obesidad generalmente no mantienen la pérdida de peso a largo plazo. En el Hospital Universitario "General Calixto García" existe un grupo multidisciplinario con la atención nutricional de estos pacientes. En esta revisión se enfatizan la evaluación y el tratamiento nutricional antes y después de la intervención. Para muchos pacientes diabéticos tipo 2, los beneficios de la cirugía bariátrica, además de la pérdida de peso, son la disminución de la glucemia, de los lípidos, la presión sanguínea y puede ocurrir la remisión total de la enfermedad. En la atención primaria de salud los especialistas de medicina general integral realizarían la evaluación nutricional y seguimiento de los casos después de la operación para alcanzar y mantener un estado nutricional adecuado con menos complicaciones de la diabetes.The diabetes mellitus is an important health problem at world scale and also in Cuba. Treatment of type 2 diabetes patients and morbid obesity may be using bariatics surgery to achieve its metabolic control. Using the conventional treatment of obesity generally there is not a weight loss at long term. At the "General Calixto García" University Hospital there is a multidisciplinary group in charge of the nutritional care of these patients. In present review the evaluation and nutritional treatment before and after intervention are emphasized. For many type diabetes patients the benefits of bariatics surgery as well as the weight loss there is the drop of glycemia, of lipids, blood pressure and may to occur the total remission of disease. In the primary health care the general integral medicine specialists made the nutritional evaluation and the follow-up of cases after

  8. Hábitos alimentares, hiperhomocisteinémia e doença cardiovascular na diabetes do tipo 2

    OpenAIRE

    Valente, Ana Margarida Saraiva

    2014-01-01

    Tese de doutoramento em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde (Nutrição), apresentada à Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, 2013. Helena Soares Costa: Departamento de Alimentação e Nutrição do INSA. [PT] INTRODUÇÃO: A diabetes mellitus é uma doença crónica com elevados custos sociais, humanos e económicos. É actualmente considerada um dos maiores problemas de saúde pública e só em Portugal existem mais de um milhão de diabéticos. A diabetes mellitus tipo 2 e a alteração...

  9. OTROS TIPOS ESPECÍFICOS DE DIABETES MELLITUS

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    DRA. M. Gabriela Sanzana G.

    2016-03-01

    En las “Diabetes Atípicas” (no incluidas en la clasificación ADA, se mencionan la DM tipo 2 en niños y adolescentes, favorecida por el aumento de la obesidad y del sedentarismo; la diabetes propensa a la cetosis, que debutan en cetoacidosis, con etiopatogenia y evolución de DM2; los Latent Autoinmune Diabetes of Adults (LADA, DM tipo 1 de lenta aparición y la diabetes postrasplante.

  10. Self-Care Behaviors and Health Indicators in Adults with Type 2 Diabetes Conductas de autocuidado e indicadores de salud en adultos con diabetes tipo 2 Condutas de autocuidado e indicadores de saúde em adultos com diabetes tipo 2

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    Lidia Guadalupe Compeán Ortiz

    2010-08-01

    Full Text Available This descriptive correlational study aimed to analyze self-care behaviors and their relationship with health indicators represented by glycemic control, lipid profile, Body Mass Index [BMI], waist circumference and body fat percentage in a sample of 98 adults with type 2 diabetes in an area of Nuevo Leon, Mexico (August 2005/May 2006. The results showed a low self-care behaviors index ( or = 36.94, SD=15.14. A significant relationship was found between self-care behaviors and glycosilated hemoglobin [HbA1c] (r s=-.379, pSe trata de un estudio descriptivo y correlacional que tuvo como objetivo analizar las conductas de autocuidado y su relación con indicadores de salud, representados por el control de la glucemia, perfil de lípidos, IMC, circunferencia de cintura y porcentaje de grasa corporal, en una muestra aleatoria de 98 adultos con diabetes tipo 2 de un zona periférica de la ciudad de Nuevo León, en México; los datos fueron recolectados entre agosto del 2005 y mayo del 2006. Los resultados mostraron un índice de autocuidado bajo (promedio= 36,94 y desvío estándar=15,14. Se encontró correlación significativa entre el autocuidado y la HbA1c (r s= 0,379, pEstudo descritivo correlacional que teve como objetivo analisar as condutas de autocuidado e a sua relação com indicadores de saúde, representados pelo controle glicêmico, perfil de lipídios, índice de massa corpórea (IMC, circunferência da cintura e porcentagem de gordura corporal, em amostra aleatória de 98 adultos com diabetes tipo 2, de uma zona conturbada em Nuevo León, México (agosto 2005/maio 2006. Os resultados mostraram índice de autocuidado baixo ( ou = 36,94, dp=15,14. Encontrou-se correlação significativa entre o autocuidado e a hemoglobina glicolisada (HbA1c (r s=0,379, p<0,001, triglicerídeos (r s=0,208, p=0,040, IMC (r s=0,248, p=0,014 e gordura corporal (r s=0,221, p=0,029. A análise multivariada revelou influência do autocuidado em HbA1c, IMC e

  11. Esporotricosis cutánea diseminada con compromiso articular en una mujer con diabetes tipo 2

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Sendy Solorzano

    Full Text Available La esporotricosis diseminada es una presentación infrecuente de esta micosis. Aunque ha sido descrita en sujetos inmunocompetentes, con frecuencia existe compromiso de la inmunidad mediada por células T. Reportamos el caso de una mujer con diabetes tipo 2 no controlada que desarrolló esporotricosis cutánea diseminada. El curso de la enfermedad presentó varias complicaciones que incluyeron hepatitis secundaria a itraconazol y artritis de la rodilla con cultivo positivo para Sporothrix schenckii durante el tratamiento con solución saturada de ioduro de potasio. La discusión del caso incluye aspectos de la patogénesis de la esporotricosis diseminada y el manejo de la infección y sus complicaciones.

  12. Nondegenerate parametric generation of 2.2-mJ, few-cycle 2.05-μm pulses using a mixed phase matching scheme

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Xu, Guibao; Wandel, Scott F.; Jovanovic, Igor

    2014-01-01

    We describe the production of 2.2-mJ, ∼6 optical-cycle-long mid-infrared laser pulses with a carrier wavelength of 2.05 μm in a two-stage β-BaB 2 O 4 nondegenerate optical parametric amplifier design with a mixed phase matching scheme, which is pumped by a standard Ti:sapphire chirped-pulse amplification system. It is demonstrated that relatively high pulse energies, short pulse durations, high stability, and excellent beam profiles can be obtained using this simple approach, even without the use of optical parametric chirped-pulse amplification

  13. sup(99m)Tc-2-mercaptopropionylglycine

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Saji, Hideo; Odori, Teruo; Morita, Rikushi; Yokoyama, Akira; Tanaka, Hisashi.

    1979-01-01

    Labeling of 2-mercaptopropionylglycine (2-MPG) with sup(99m)Tc, was studied and its chemical characteristics were examined. Further, biliary excretion behavior of this complex was comparatively estimated in mice, rats and rabbits. sup(99m)Tc-2-MPG was rapidly excreted in large quantities into the bile in mice and rats: within 1 hr after injection, 51% of the injected dose was recovered from the bile in rats. On the other hand, the ligand exchange reaction between this complex and penicillamine indicates that a low hydrolyzed sup(99m)Tc species is coordinated with 2-MPG. These results suggest that a low hydrolyzed sup(99m)Tc state is an effective feature in biliary excretion behavior of sup(99m)Tc compounds. Another interesting in vivo behavior of sup(99m)Tc-2-MPG is the difference observed in mice and rabbits: in mice, very high sup(99m)Tc activity is concentrated in the gallbladder and the clearance from tissues other than the gallbladder is rapid, whereas in rabbits, although a rapid and high excretion into the gallbladder is observed, a considerable high sup(99m)Tc activity is retained in the liver and the kidney. One reason for this different in vivo behavior is the low stability of this complex at high dilution: a big animal has the large dilution volume which lead to higher decomposition estimated by the higher liver and kidney retention or the lower bile excretion. In conclusion, studies carried on sup(99m)Tc-2-MPG showed a good biliary excretion behavior but an in vivo unstableness in big animals. (author)

  14. Data of evolutionary structure change: 2UXML-2UX4M [Confc[Archive

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available 2UXML-2UX4M 2UXM 2UX4 L M -----ALLSFE--------------RKYRVPGG--TLVG...ment> 0 2UXM L 2UXML...ndex> 2UXM L 2UXML Y...> 2UXM L 2UXML AANPEKGKEMRTPDHL 2UXML TIWFDQWVDWWQWWV

  15. Tricomas foliares em tomateiro com teores contrastantes do aleloquímico 2-tridecanona

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Aragão Carlos Alberto

    2000-01-01

    Full Text Available Duas espécies de tomateiro, Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. (Linhagem TOM 556- padrão com baixo teor da metil cetona 2-tridecanona (2-TD e Lycopersicon hirsutum Dunal var. glabratum Mill. (Linhagem PI 134417- padrão com elevado teor de 2-TD, foram analisadas em conjunto para identificação e quantificação de tricomas foliares. A parte experimental constou da identificação dos tricomas, baseado na presença ou ausência da cabeça secretora na extremidade apical dos tricomas, arranjo e número de células da cabeça, comprimento dos tricomas, e da quantificação do número de tricomas glandulares e não glandulares nos folíolos. O delineamento utilizado para o número de tricomas foi inteiramente casualizado e as médias comparadas pelo teste de Tukey, a 5%. A identificação e quantificação para as espécies foram: a TOM 556: Tricomas não glandulares do tipo II + III + V (2590 cm-2 de área foliolar; glandular do tipo VI (16 cm-2; glandular do tipo VII (138 cm-2; b PI 134417: não glandulares do tipo II + III + V (140 cm-2 de área foliolar; glandular do tipo I + IV (843 cm-2; glandular do tipo VI (83 cm-2; glandular do tipo VII (11 cm-2. As maiores concentrações da 2-TD nos folíolos, estão associadas às maiores densidades de tricomas glandulares presentes em ambas espécies.

  16. Percepción de los Beneficios de la Tenencia de Animales de Compañía para las Personas de la Mediana Edad con Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2

    OpenAIRE

    Hugues H., Beatriz; Álvarez Á., Aimee M.; Castelo E., Lizet; Ledón L., Loraine; Mendoza T., Madelín; Domínguez A., Emma

    2016-01-01

    Se efectuó un estudio con el objetivo de explorar la percepción de personas de la mediana edad con Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 (DM2) respecto a la tenencia de animales de compañía y su relación con la satisfacción personal, beneficios sobre la salud psicoemocional, el control metabólico y la motivación para la realización de actividades físicas. El estudio fue de tipo transversal, descriptivo, con 85 personas de 40 a 59 años de edad con DM2 y residentes en La Habana, Cuba. Se confeccionó un cues...

  17. Enhanced M1/M2 macrophage ratio promotes orthodontic root resorption.

    Science.gov (United States)

    He, D; Kou, X; Luo, Q; Yang, R; Liu, D; Wang, X; Song, Y; Cao, H; Zeng, M; Gan, Y; Zhou, Y

    2015-01-01

    Mechanical force-induced orthodontic root resorption is a major clinical challenge in orthodontic treatment. Macrophages play an important role in orthodontic root resorption, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we examined the mechanism by which the ratio of M1 to M2 macrophage polarization affects root resorption during orthodontic tooth movement. Root resorption occurred when nickel-titanium coil springs were applied on the upper first molars of rats for 3 to 14 d. Positively stained odontoclasts or osteoclasts with tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase were found in resorption areas. Meanwhile, M1-like macrophages positive for CD68 and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) persistently accumulated on the compression side of periodontal tissues. In addition, the expressions of the M1 activator interferon-γ and the M1-associated pro-inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α were upregulated on the compression side of periodontal tissues. When the coil springs were removed at the 14th day after orthodontic force application, root resorption was partially rescued. The number of CD68(+)CD163(+) M2-like macrophages gradually increased on the compression side of periodontal tissues. The levels of M2 activator interleukin (IL)-4 and the M2-associated anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 also increased. Systemic injection of the TNF-α inhibitor etanercept or IL-4 attenuated the severity of root resorption and decreased the ratio of M1 to M2 macrophages. These data imply that the balance between M1 and M2 macrophages affects orthodontic root resorption. Root resorption was aggravated by an enhanced M1/M2 ratio but was partially rescued by a reduced M1/M2 ratio. © International & American Associations for Dental Research 2014.

  18. Síndrome metabólico en familiares de primer grado de pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 Metabolic syndrome in first degree relatives of patients with diabetes mellitus 2

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Raúl Orlando Calderín Bouza

    2005-12-01

    Full Text Available Se realizó un estudio descriptivo y transversal de 340 personas divididas en 2 grupos, con y sin antecedentes patológicos familiares de diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (APF de DM2, con el objetivo de detectar si las que presentaban APF de DM2 tenían más hiperinsulinemia, presencia de síndrome metabólico, factores de riesgo cardiovascular asociados y lesión de órganos diana, expresados en hipertrofia del ventrículo izquierdo de los sujetos que no tenían dicho antecedente. Se obtuvo como resultado que la hiperinsulinemia estuvo presente en 96 pacientes con APF de DM2 (56,5 % y una significación de p = 0,001. El síndrome metabólico fue más frecuente en las personas con APF DM2 (90 para un 52,9 % y una significación de p = 0,000. La hipertrigliceridemia fue el marcador por excelencia del síndrome metabólico y el factor de riesgo que con más significación estadística se asoció a los sujetos con APF de DM2 (96: 52,9 % y una significación de p = 0,000. La hipertrofia ventricular izquierda (HVI se asoció como expresión de lesión de órganos diana a los sujetos con APF de DM2 (36: 21,2 % y una significación de p = 0,043. Concluimos que los sujetos con APF de DM2 son más propensos a tener hiperinsulinemia, al síndrome metabólico, a factores de riesgo cardiovascular y a lesión de órgano diana en comparación con los que no tienen dicho antecedente.A cross-sectional descriptive study of 340 persons assigned to two groups, with and without family history of diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM2, was carried out. The objective was to detect whether those persons with family history of DM2 had more hyperinsulemia, metabolic syndrome, associated cardiovascular risk factors and target organ lesions, expressed in left ventricle hypertrophy, than subjects without diabetes family history. The result was that hyperinsulemia was present in 96 patients with family history of DM2 (56,5 % and significance level of p= 0,001. Metabolic syndrome was more

  19. Costos directos de atención médica en pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 en México: análisis de microcosteo Direct costs of medical care for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Mexico micro-costing analysis

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Rosibel de los Ángeles Rodríguez Bolaños

    2010-12-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Estimar los costos directos de la atención médica a pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM2 en el Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS. MÉTODOS: Se revisaron expedientes clínicos de 497 pacientes que ingresaron a unidades de segundo y tercer nivel de atención durante el período 2002-2004. Los costos se cuantificaron utilizando el enfoque de costeo de enfermedad (CDE desde la perspectiva del proveedor, la técnica del microcosteo y la metodología de abajo-arriba (bottom-up. Se estimaron costos promedio anuales de diagnóstico, por complicación y total de la enfermedad. RESULTADOS: El costo total anual de los pacientes con DM2 para el IMSS fue de US$452 064 988, correspondiente a 3,1% del gasto de operación. El costo promedio anual por paciente fue de US$3 193,75, correspondiendo US$2 740,34 para el paciente sin complicaciones y US$3 550,17 para el paciente con complicaciones. Los días/cama en hospitalización y en unidad de cuidados intensivos fueron los servicios con mayor costo. CONCLUSIONES: Los elevados costos en la atención médica a pacientes con DM2 y complicaciones representan una carga económica que las instituciones de salud deben considerar en su presupuesto, a fin de poder brindar un servicio de calidad, adecuado y oportuno. El empleo de la metodología de microcosteo permite un acercamiento a datos reales de utilización y manejo de la enfermedadOBJECTIVE: Estimate the direct cost of medical care incurred by the Mexican Social Security Institute (IMSS, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2. METHODS: The clinical files of 497 patients who were treated in secondary and tertiary medical care units in 2002-2004 were reviewed. Costs were quantified using a disease costing approach (DCA from the provider's perspective, a micro-costing technique, and a bottom-up methodology. Average annual costs by diagnosis, complication, and total cost were estimated. RESULTS

  20. Factors associated with therapy noncompliance in type-2 diabetes patients Frecuencia y factores asociados al incumplimiento terapéutico en pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Lizbeth Hernández-Ronquillo

    2003-06-01

    Full Text Available OBJECTIVE: To identify the frequency and factors associated with therapy noncompliance in type-2 diabetes mellitus patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was carried out in 79 patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus seen in major hospitals of Mexico City. Patients were visited at home, from March 1998 to August 1999, to measure compliance with prescribed therapy. Complying patients were defined as those taking at least 80% of their pills or 80% of their corresponding insulin dose. The degree of compliance with therapy components (diet, amount of exercise, and keeping appointments was measured. RESULTS: The average age of study subjects was 59 years (SD 11 years; 73% (n=58 were female subjects. The overall frequency of noncompliance was 39%. Noncompliance rates were: 62% for dietary recommendations, 85% for exercise, 17% for intake of oral hypoglycemic medication, 13% for insulin application, and 3% for appointment keeping. Hypertension plus obesity was the only factor significantly associated with noncompliance (OR 4.58, CI 95% 1.0, 22.4, p=0.02. CONCLUSIONS: The frequency of therapy noncompliance was very high, especially for diet and exercise.OBJETIVO: Identificar la frecuencia y factores asociados al incumplimiento terapéutico en pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Se llevó a cabo un estudio transversal en cuatro clínicas y hospitales de la Ciudad de México, en 79 pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2. Se recolectaron datos sobre el cumplimiento terapéutico, para lo cual se visitó el domicilio de los sujetos de estudio entre marzo de 1998 y agosto de 1999, con el fin de contar los medicamentos. Se definió cumplimiento cuando el paciente administró correctamente 80% de las pastillas o de la dosis de insulina que le correspondía. Se midió el grado de cumplimiento para cada una de las medidas terapéuticas (dieta, ejercicio y asistencia a citas. RESULTADOS: La edad promedio del grupo fue de 59

  1. A relação entre polifarmácia, complicações crônicas e depressão em portadores de Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 Relación entre polifarmacia, complicaciones crónicas y depresión en portadores de Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 The relationship between polipharmacy, chronic complications and depression in individuals with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Alexandra Bulgarelli do Nascimento

    2010-03-01

    Full Text Available Os objetivos deste estudo foram: caracterizar a polifarmácia entre portadores de Diabetes Mellitus tipo2(DM2; e correlacionar polifarmácia e número de complicações do DM2 com indicadores de depressão (Inventário de Depressão de Beck[IDB] e cortisol urinário[CORT]. A amostra foi composta por 40 pacientes da Liga de Diabetes do HCFM-USP, avaliados quanto aos indicadores de depressão (CORT e IDB e quanto à prática de polifarmácia e número de complicações do DM2. Os resultados mostraram que os medicamentos utilizados foram: antidiabéticos orais, insulinas, anti-hipertensivos, diuréticos, anti-lipêmicos e trombolíticos. No grupo estudado, 75% fizeram uso diário de 5 a 8 medicamentos, e 12,5% de 8 medicamentos/dia ou mais; todos fizeram no mínimo 3 tomadas diárias, 60% tinham entre 1 e 3 complicações do DM2, e 22,5% tinham 3 ou mais. A correlação entre os indicadores de depressão(IDB e CORT, o número de medicamentos e o número de complicações do DM2 não foi estatisticamente significante. No entanto, houve correlação positiva entre CORT e número de tomadas diárias de medicamentos (Spearman,r=0.319, p=0.019.Fueron objetivos de este estudio: caracterizar a la polifarmacia entre portadores de Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2 (DM2 y correlacionar la polifarmacia y el número de complicaciones de la DM2 con indicadores de depresión (Inventario de Depresión de Beck [IDB] y cortisol urinario [CORT]. La muestra fue integrada por 40 pacientes de la Liga de Diabetes del HCFM-USP evaluados respecto de los indicadores de depresión (CORT e IDB y también en cuanto a la práctica de polifarmacia y número de complicaciones de la DM2. Los resultados mostraron que los medicamentos utilizados fueron: antidiabéticos orales, insulinas, antihipertensivos, diuréticos, antilipemiantes y trombolíticos. Dentro del grupo estudiado, 75% de los pacientes utilizaban diariamente entre 5 y 8 medicamentos, un 12,5% de la muestra hacía uso de 8

  2. Studies on solid solutions based on layered honeycomb-ordered phases P2-Na{sub 2}M{sub 2}TeO{sub 6} (M=Co, Ni, Zn)

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Berthelot, Romain; Schmidt, Whitney; Sleight, A.W. [Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331 (United States); Subramanian, M.A., E-mail: mas.subramanian@oregonstate.edu [Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331 (United States)

    2012-12-15

    Three complete solid solutions between the layered phases P2-Na{sub 2}M{sub 2}TeO{sub 6} (M=Co, Ni, Zn) have been prepared by conventional solid state method and investigated through X-ray diffraction, magnetism and optical measurements. All compositions are characterized by a M{sup 2+}/X{sup 6+} honeycomb ordering within the slabs and crystallize in a hexagonal unit cell. However, a structural transition based on a different stacking is observed as nickel (space group P6{sub 3}/mcm) is substituted by zinc or cobalt (space group P6{sub 3}22). All compositions exhibit a paramagnetic Curie-Weiss behavior at high temperatures; and the magnetic moment values confirm the presence of Ni{sup 2+} and/or Co{sup 2+} cations. The low-temperature antiferromagnetic order of Na{sub 2}Ni{sub 2}TeO{sub 6} and Na{sub 2}Co{sub 2}TeO{sub 6} is suppressed by zinc substitution. The color of the obtained compositions varies from pink, to light green and white when M=Co, Ni, Zn, respectively. - Graphical abstract: The comparison between the structure of Na{sub 2}Ni{sub 2}TeO{sub 6} (left) and Na{sub 2}M{sub 2}TeO{sub 6} (M=Co, Zn) (right) evidences the stacking difference with distinct atom sequences along the hexagonal c-axis. Highlights: Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Solid solutions between lamellar phases Na{sub 2}M{sub 2}TeO{sub 6} (M=Co, Ni, Zn) are investigated. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer A M{sup 2+}/X{sup 6+} honeycomb ordering characterized all the compositions. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer A structural transition is shown when Ni is replaced by Co or Zn. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer The low-temperature AFM ordering of Na{sub 2}Ni{sub 2}TeO{sub 6} and Na{sub 2}Co{sub 2}TeO{sub 6} is suppressed by zinc substitution. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Color changes from pink to light green and white when M=Co, Ni, Zn, respectively.

  3. Main: 1M2Q [RPSD[Archive

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available 1M2Q トウモロコシ Corn Zea mays L. Casein Kinase Ii, Alpha Chain Name=Ack2; Zea Mays Mole...cule: Casein Kinase Ii, Alpha Chain; Chain: A; Fragment: Catlytic Subunit; Synonym: Ckii; Engineered: Yes Tr...ansferase 2.7.1.37 (Casein Kinase Ii, Alpha Chain) E.De Moliner, S.Sarno, S.Moro, G.Zagotto, G.Zanotti, L.A....=2-326.|PDB; 1M2Q; X-ray; A=2-328.|PDB; 1M2R; X-ray; A=2-328.|PDB; 1OM1; X-ray; A=1-332.|Mai

  4. Structure of vanadium oxosulfato complexes in V2O5-M2S2O7-M2SO4 (M = K, Cs) melts. A high temperature spectroscopic study

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Boghosian, S.; Chrissanthopoulos, A.; Fehrmann, Rasmus

    2002-01-01

    2 atmosphere (P-SO2 = 0-1.2 atm). The data are in agreement with the V-V V-IV equilibrium: (VO)(2)O(SO4)(4)(4-)(1) + SO2(g) 2VO(SO4)(2)(2-)(1) + SO3(g). SO2 does not coordinate to the V-V complex but starts significantly to coordinate to V-IV for P-SO2 > 0.4 atm according to VO(SO4)(2)(2-)(1) + SO2......(g) VO(SO4)(2)SO22-(1). The Raman spectral features and the exploitation of the relative Raman intensities indicate that the (VO)(2)O(SO4)(4)(4-) dimeric complex unit, possessing a V-O-V bridge, is formed in the V2O5-M2S2O7 binary mixtures. The spectral changes occurring upon interaction...

  5. Identification of Aquifex aeolicus tRNA (m2(2G26) methyltransferase gene.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Takeda, Hiroshi; Hori, Hiroyuki; Endo, Yaeta

    2002-01-01

    The modifications of N2,N2-dimethylguanine (m2(2)G) are found in tRNAs and rRNAs from eukarya and archaea. In tRNAs, modification at position G26 is generated by tRNA (m2(2)G26) methyltransferase, which is encoded by the corresponding gene, trm1. This enzyme catalyzes the methyl-transfer from S-adenosyl-L-methionine to the semi-conserved residue, G26, via the intermediate modified base, m2G26. Recent genome sequencing project has been reported that the putative trm1 is encoded in the genome of Aquifex aeolicus, a hyper-thermophilic eubacterium as only one exception among eubacteria. In order to confirm whether this bacterial trm1 gene product is a real tRNA (m2(2)G26) methyltransferase or not, we expressed this protein by wheat germ in vitro cell-free translation system. Our biochemical analysis clearly showed that this gene product possessed tRNA (m2(2)G26) methyltransferase activity.

  6. RELACIÓN DE LOS NIVELES SÉRICOS DE LÍPIDOS Y LIPOPROTEÍNAS CON EL POLIMORFISMO ε 2, ε 3 Y ε 4 DEL GEN DE LA APOLIPOPROTEÍNA E, EN INDIVIDUOS CON DIABETES MELLITUS TIPO 2 Y EL RIESGO CARDIOVASCULAR

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    N. Coiza-Vargas

    2005-12-01

    Full Text Available Este trabajo describe la respuesta del perfil lipídico según el genotipo de la apolipoproteína E en personas con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 y la presencia o no de riesgo cardiovascular, por medio de la revisión sistemática de artículos científicos publicados entre 1990 y 2003. Seis estudios cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión y fueron seleccionados para realizar el trabajo de investigación.Inicialmente se realizó una descripción de características generales de los estudios y se utilizó la prueba estadística Chi - cuadrado para determinar diferencias entre grupos. Se encontró que el 66.6% de los artículos fueron realizados en Europa, el promedio de personas de los estudios fue de 473 y el promedio de edad estuvo en los 58 años.La distribución del genotipo E 3/3 (78.2%, fue la de mayor prevalencia en los diferentes grupos de diabéticos, seguido de E 4/3 en 12.8% y E 3/2 con un 8.7%. Las fracciones lipídicas más elevadas en los estudios fueron las de colesterol total, colesterol LDL y triglicéridos. Se observó que el polimorfismo de la apo E influye sobre el perfil lipídico, y por tanto, en el desarrollo de la enfermedad cardiovascular en los sujetos con DM tipo 2.

  7. Radiative rates for E1, E2, M1 and M2 transitions in Fe X

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Aggarwal, K.M.; Keenan, F.P.

    2004-01-01

    Energies of the 54 levels belonging to the (1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 ) 3s 2 3p 5 , 3s3p 6 , 3s 2 3p 4 3d and 3s3p 5 3d configurations of Fe X have been calculated using the GRASP code of Dyall and colleagues (1989). Additionally, radiative rates, oscillator strengths, and line strengths are calculated for all electric dipole (E1), magnetic dipole (M1), electric quadrupole (E2), and magnetic quadrupole (M2) transitions among these levels. Comparisons are made with results available in the literature, and the accuracy of the data is assessed. Our energy levels are estimated to be accurate to better than 3%, whereas results for other parameters are probably accurate to better than 20% . Additionally, the agreement between measured and calculated lifetimes is better than 10%. (authors)

  8. Caracterización clínico-epidemiológica de las complicaciones crónicas en pacientes diabéticos, tipo 2

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jorge Enrique Agüero Batista

    2015-11-01

    Full Text Available Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, prospectivo, con el objetivo de caracterizar las principales complicaciones crónicas que se presentan en pacientes diabéticos tipo 2, del policlínico “Dr. Gustavo Aldereguía Lima” del municipio Las Tunas, así como determinar el nivel de conocimientos de los mismos en aspectos relacionados con su enfermedad, en el período comprendido de enero a diciembre del 2011. Los resultados obtenidos a través de los cuestionarios elaborados fueron analizados por el método porcentual comparativo. En los 484 pacientes estudiados existió un predominio del sexo femenino y el grupo etáreo de mayor incidencia fue el de 60 a 79 años. Las complicaciones crónicas estuvieron presentes en un considerable número de pacientes, las lesiones macroangiopáticas fueron las más relevantes, dentro de ellas, la vasculopatía periférica. La neuropatía diabética fue la más frecuente de las complicaciones microangiopáticas; así como los pacientes con un inadecuado nivel de conocimientos de su enfermedad.

  9. Models for financial crisis detection in Indonesia based on M1, M2 per foreign exchange reverse, and M2 multiplier indicators

    Science.gov (United States)

    Sugiyanto; Zukhronah, Etik; Pratiwi, Esteti Sophia

    2017-12-01

    Indonesia has been hit by financial crisis in the middle of 1997. The financial crisis that has occurred gives a severe impact to the economy of Indonesia resulting the needs for a detection system of financial crisis. Crisis can be detected based on several indicators such as M1, M2 per foreign exchange reserves, and M2 multiplier. These three indicators can affect the exchange rate stability and may further affect the financial stability so that it can be one of the causes of the financial crisis. This research aims to determine the appropriate model that can detect the financial crisis in Indonesia. Markov switching is an alternative model that can be approach and used often for detecting financial crisis. We can determine the combination of volatility and Markov switching model with AR and volatility model are determined first. The results of this research are that M1 can be modelled by SWARCH (3, 1) while M2 per foreign research exchange reserves and M2 multiplier can be modelled by SWARCH(3,2).

  10. TPL-2 Regulates Macrophage Lipid Metabolism and M2 Differentiation to Control TH2-Mediated Immunopathology

    Science.gov (United States)

    Entwistle, Lewis J.; Khoury, Hania; Papoutsopoulou, Stamatia; Mahmood, Radma; Mansour, Nuha R.; Ching-Cheng Huang, Stanley; Pearce, Edward J.; Pedro S. de Carvalho, Luiz; Ley, Steven C.

    2016-01-01

    Persistent TH2 cytokine responses following chronic helminth infections can often lead to the development of tissue pathology and fibrotic scarring. Despite a good understanding of the cellular mechanisms involved in fibrogenesis, there are very few therapeutic options available, highlighting a significant medical need and gap in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of TH2-mediated immunopathology. In this study, we found that the Map3 kinase, TPL-2 (Map3k8; Cot) regulated TH2-mediated intestinal, hepatic and pulmonary immunopathology following Schistosoma mansoni infection or S. mansoni egg injection. Elevated inflammation, TH2 cell responses and exacerbated fibrosis in Map3k8 –/–mice was observed in mice with myeloid cell-specific (LysM) deletion of Map3k8, but not CD4 cell-specific deletion of Map3k8, indicating that TPL-2 regulated myeloid cell function to limit TH2-mediated immunopathology. Transcriptional and metabolic assays of Map3k8 –/–M2 macrophages identified that TPL-2 was required for lipolysis, M2 macrophage activation and the expression of a variety of genes involved in immuno-regulatory and pro-fibrotic pathways. Taken together this study identified that TPL-2 regulated TH2-mediated inflammation by supporting lipolysis and M2 macrophage activation, preventing TH2 cell expansion and downstream immunopathology and fibrosis. PMID:27487182

  11. Preparation and photoluminescence properties of Mn2+-activated M2Si5N8 (M = Ca, Sr, Ba) phosphors

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Duan, C.J.; Otten, W.M.; Delsing, A.C.A.; Hintzen, H.T.J.M.

    2008-01-01

    Mn2+-doped M2Si5N8 (M=Ca, Sr, Ba) phosphors have been prepared by a solid-state reaction method at high temperature and their photoluminescence properties were investigated. The Mn2+-activated M2Si5N8 phosphors exhibit narrow emission bands in the wavelength range of 500–700 nm with peak center at

  12. Electric conductivity of double fluorides in the systems M1F-Th(U)F4(M1=K, Tl) and M2F2-ThF4(M2=Ca, Sr, Ba)

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Murin, I.V.; Andreev, A.M.; Amelin, Yu.V.

    1982-01-01

    The temperature dependence of electric conductivity of some double fluorides formed in the systems M 1 F-Th(U)F 4 (M 1 =K, Tl) and M 2 F 2 -ThF 4 (M 2 =Ca, Sr, Ba) as well as UF 3 in a wide temperature range is studied. It is shown that the values of electric conductivity and activation energy of these fluorides depend on the compound structure and cation nature. The temperature electric conductivity dependence for double fluorides with the tysonite structure is close to the lanthanum fluoride dependence. Taking into account low electron electric conductivity component the conclusion is drawn that the investigated compounds can be used as solid electrolytes

  13. Tipos de pasteurização e agentes coagulantes na fabricação do queijo tipo prato

    OpenAIRE

    Ramos, Thaís de Melo

    2013-01-01

    O presente trabalho foi realizado com os objetivos de avaliar a influência do tipo de pasteurização pelos sistemas de aquecimento indireto high temperature short time, ou HTST, e injeção direta de vapor (IDV), e avaliar a influência de duas diferentes enzimas coagulantes na fabricação do queijo tipo prato. O delineamento experimental utilizado neste experimento foi um fatorial 2 x 2 x 5 inteiramente casualizado, sendo dois sistemas de pasteurização (HTST e IDV), duas enzimas coagulantes e cin...

  14. Two hexagonal series of lanthanoid(III) oxide fluoride selenides.: M{sub 6}O{sub 2}F{sub 8}Se{sub 3} (M = La - Nd) and M{sub 2}OF{sub 2}Se (M = Nd, Sm, Gd - Ho)

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Zimmermann, Dirk D.; Grossholz, Hagen; Wolf, Sarah; Schleid, Thomas [Institut fuer Anorganische Chemie, Universitaet Stuttgart (Germany); Janka, Oliver [Institut fuer Anorganische Chemie, Universitaet Stuttgart (Germany); Institut fuer Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Westfaelische Wilhelms-Universitaet Muenster (Germany); Mueller, Alexander C. [Institut fuer Anorganische Chemie, Universitaet Stuttgart (Germany); Institut fuer Textilchemie und Chemiefasern, Denkendorf (Germany)

    2015-09-15

    Two hexagonal series of lanthanoid(III) oxide fluoride selenides with similar structure types can be obtained by the reaction of the components MF{sub 3}, M{sub 2}O{sub 3}, M, and Se in sealed niobium tubes at 850 C using CsI as fluxing agent. The compounds with the lighter and larger representatives (M = La - Nd) occur with the formula M{sub 6}O{sub 2}F{sub 8}Se{sub 3}, whereas with the heavier and smaller ones (M = Nd, Sm, Gd - Ho) their composition is M{sub 2}OF{sub 2}Se. For both systems single-crystal determinations were used in all cases. The compounds crystallize in the hexagonal crystal system (space group: P6{sub 3}/m) with lattice parameters of a = 1394-1331 pm and c = 403-372 pm (Z = 2 for M{sub 6}O{sub 2}F{sub 8}Se{sub 3} and Z = 6 for M{sub 2}OF{sub 2}Se). The (M1){sup 3+} cations show different square antiprismatic coordination spheres with or without an extra capping fluoride anion. All (M2){sup 3+} cations exhibit a ninefold coordination environment shaped as tricapped trigonal prism. In both structure types the Se{sup 2-} anions are sixfold coordinated as trigonal prisms of M{sup 3+} cations, being first condensed by edges to generate trimeric units and then via faces to form strands running along [001]. The light anions reside either in threefold triangular or in fourfold tetrahedral cationic coordination. For charge compensation, both structures have to contain a certain amount of oxide besides fluoride anions. Since F{sup -} and O{sup 2-} can not be distinguished by X-ray diffraction, bond-valence calculations were used to address the problem of their adjunction to the available crystallographic sites. (Copyright copyright 2015 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH and Co. KGaA, Weinheim)

  15. Síndrome DRESS inducido por fármacos antituberculosos en un paciente con diabetes mellitus tipo 2

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Antonio Salas

    2012-04-01

    Full Text Available Presentamos el caso de un paciente varón de 48 años de edad, con diagnóstico de diabetes mellitus tipo 2, no controlada, de diez años de evolución, a quien se le diagnosticó tuberculosis pulmonar mediante signos clínicos, radiográficos y cultivo en esputo positivo para Mycobacterium tuberculosis, sensible a drogas antituberculosas de primera línea. Recibió isoniacida, rifampicina, etambutol y pirazinamida. Dos meses después de iniciado el tratamiento presentó hipersensibilidad a medicamentos, con los siguientes signos y síntomas: rash dérmico generalizado, prurito generalizado, anemia Coombs positiva, eosinofilia y síntomas sistémicos, compatibles con el síndrome DRESS (drug rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms. Ante ello, se suspendió la medicación antituberculosa y se instaló tratamiento con antihistamínicos y corticoides sistémicos, con remisión y mejoría de síntomas. Posteriormente, recibió un esquema individualizado de tratamiento para tuberculosis consistente en medicamentos mínimamente hemato-hepatotóxicos, similar al indicado en pacientes inmunosuprimidos. Desde entonces presenta baciloscopias negativas.

  16. Procesamiento químico de interfases semiconductoras tipo CuInS2 / Buffer para células solares de lámina delgada

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Herrero, J.

    2004-04-01

    Full Text Available Some results are presented about the preparation of CuInS2 / buffer interfaces by chemical bath deposition. This type of interface has an interest for solar energy conversion by thin- film solar cells. It is shown that the deposition of buffer films with ZnSe composition onto CuInS2 is due to a combined electroless and chemical reaction process. Characterization of the CuInS2 / ZnSe structure is carried out with X-ray diffraction and microscope techniques (AFM, SEM. Solar cells of CuInS2 / ZnSe / ZnO type are characterized as a function of buffer layer deposition process.Se presentan resultados sobre la preparación mediante depósito químico de interfases CuInS2 / buffer. Estas interfases son de interés en la fabricación de células solares de lámina delgada. Se lleva a cabo el crecimiento de películas buffer de ZnSe en un baño químico, mediante a partir de reaccionesón electroless y química. La interfase CuInS2 / ZnSe resultante se caracteriza por medio de técnicas microscópicas (AFM, SEM. Se presentan resultados de células solares del tipo CuInS2 / ZnSe / ZnO, en función del tipo de depósito de la lámina buffer.

  17. On relating multiple M2 and D2-branes

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Gran, U.; Nilsson, B.E.W; Petersson, C.

    2008-01-01

    Due to the difficulties of finding superconformal Lagrangian theories for multiple M2-branes, we will in this paper instead focus on the field equations. By relaxing the requirement of a Lagrangian formulation we can explore the possibility of having structure constants f ABC D satisfying the fundamental identity but which are not totally antisymmetric. We exemplify this discussion by making use of an explicit choice of a non-antisymmetric f ABC D constructed from the Lie algebra structure constants f ab c of an arbitrary gauge group. Although this choice of f ABC D does not admit an obvious Lagrangian description, it does reproduce the correct SYM theory for a stack of N D2-branes to leading order in g YM -1 upon reduction and, moreover, it sheds new light on the centre of mass coordinates for multiple M2-branes.

  18. Prevalência de complicações micro e macrovasculares e de seus fatores de risco em pacientes com diabetes melito do tipo 2 em atendimento ambulatorial Prevalence of micro and macroangiopatic chronic complications and their risk factors in the care of out patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Rafael Selbach Scheffel

    2004-09-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVOS: O diabetes melito (DM do tipo 2 está associado ao desenvolvimento de complicações macroangiopáticas [cardiopatia isquêmica (CI, doença vascular periférica (DVP e acidente vascular cerebral (AVC] e microangiopáticas [retinopatia diabética (RD, nefropatia diabética (ND e neuropatia sensitiva distal (NSD]. Os objetivos deste estudo foram avaliar a prevalência das complicações crônicas em pacientes com DM do tipo 2 e aferir os seus possíveis fatores de risco. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal, incluindo 927 pacientes com DM do tipo 2 atendidos ambulatorialmente em três centros médicos do Rio Grande do Sul: Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (n = 475, Grupo Hospitalar Conceição (n = 229 e Hospital São Vicente de Paula (n = 223. Dentre os pacientes, 42% eram homens, a média de idade era de 59 ± 10 anos e a mediana da duração do DM do tipo 2 era 11 (5 - 43 anos. A RD foi definida por fundoscopia direta; a CI através do questionário da OMS e/ou alterações eletrocardiográficas e/ou anormalidades perfusionais na cintilografia miocárdica; a NSD por sintomas compatíveis e ausência de sensação ao monofilamento de 10g e/ou ao diapasão; a DVP pela claudicação e ausência de pulsos pediosos; o AVC por seqüelas ou história compatível e a ND pela excreção urinária de albumina (>20 µg/min. A hipertensão arterial sistêmica (HAS foi definida pelos níveis pressóricos (>140/90 mmHg e/ou uso de drogas anti-hipertensivas. Foram calculados o índice de massa corporal (IMC, kg/m² e a razão cintura-quadril (RCQ. RESULTADOS: A CI estava presente em 36% e a DVP em 33% dos pacientes. Dentre as complicações microvasculares, 37% tinham doença renal (12% macroalbuminúricos e 48% RD (15% retinopatia proliferativa. A NSD foi encontrada em 36% dos pacientes. HAS estava presente em 73% dos pacientes. O colesterol estava acima de 200 mg/dl em 64%, enquanto o IMC > 30 kg/m² em 36%. Vinte e dois por cento dos pacientes

  19. 2.4 μm diode-pumped Dy2+:CaF2 laser

    Science.gov (United States)

    Švejkar, Richard; Papashvili, Alexander G.; Šulc, Jan; Němec, Michal; Jelínková, Helena; Doroshenko, Maxim E.; Batygov, Sergei H.; Osiko, Vyacheslav V.

    2018-01-01

    In this work, a cryogenic cooled, longitudinal diode-pumped Dy2+ :CaF2 laser was investigated for the first time. The temperature dependence of the spectroscopy and the laser properties of Dy2+ :CaF2 are presented. The tested Dy2+ :CaF2 crystal was a longitudinal pump in a near-IR region (926 nm) by laser diode radiation. The maximal mean output power and slope efficiency at 78 K during the pulse regime of the laser were 57.5 mW and 7%, respectively. Furthermore, the CW regime was successfully tested and a maximum output power of 0.37 W was obtained for the absorbed pumping power 5.7 W. The emission laser wavelength was 2367 nm.

  20. Specific heat and thermodynamic functions of uranovanadates of the M2+(VUO6)2 · nH2O series (M2+ = Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Pb)

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Karyakin, N.V.; Chernorukov, N.G.; Sulejmanov, E.V.; Trostin, V.L.; Alimzhanov, M.I.; Razuvaeva, E.A.

    1999-01-01

    Isobaric specific heat of crystal uranovanadates Ca(VUO 6 ) 2 · 8H 2 O, Ba(VUO 6 ) 2 · 4H 2 O in the temperature range of 10 - 300 K and of M 1 (VUO 6 ) 2 · 5H 2 O, (M 1 = Mg, Ca, Sr, Pb) at 80 -300 K are measured by the method of adiabatic vacuum calorimetry. The functions H 0 (T) - H 0 (0), S 0 (T), G 0 (T) - H 0 (T) for all the above-mentioned compounds in the range of 0 - 300 K have been calculated, the standard entropies and Gibbs functions of uranovanadates formation at 298.15 K being calculated as well [ru

  1. IGF2 mRNA-binding protein 2: biological function and putative role in type 2 diabetes

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Christiansen, J.; Kolte, A.M.; Hansen, T.O.

    2009-01-01

    Recent genome-wide association (GWA) studies of type 2 diabetes (T2D) have implicated IGF2 mRNA-binding protein 2 (IMP2/IGF2BP2) as one of the several factors in the etiology of late onset diabetes. IMP2 belongs to a family of oncofetal mRNA-binding proteins implicated in RNA localization...... and T2D Udgivelsesdato: 2009/11......, stability, and translation that are essential for normal embryonic growth and development. This review provides a background to the IMP protein family with an emphasis on human IMP2, followed by a closer look at the GWA studies to evaluate the significance, if any, of the proposed correlation between IMP2...

  2. Phase relations in the M2MoO4 - Ag2MoO4 - Hf(MoO4)2 (M=Li, Na) systems

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Bazarova, Zh.G.; Bazarov, B.G.; Balsanova, L.V.

    2002-01-01

    The M 2 MoO 4 - Ag 2 MoO 4 - Hf(MoO 4 ) 2 (M=Li, Na) systems were studied by X-ray diffraction and differential thermal analyses in the subsolidus area (450 - 500 Deg C) for the first time. The formation of the binary compound with the variable composition Li 4-x Hf 1+0.2x (MoO 4 ) 4 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.6) in the Li 2 MoO 4 - Hf(MoO 4 ) 2 system and the ternary molybdates Li 4 Ag 2 Hf(MoO 4 ) 5 (S 1 ) and Na 2 Ag 2 Hf(MoO 4 ) 4 (S 2 ) was established and the thermal characteristics of the prepared compounds were examined. The new binary molybdate Ag 2 Hf(MoO 4 ) 3 was prepared by the reaction between Ag 2 MoO 4 and Hf(MoO 4 ) 2 [ru

  3. Peculiarities of the intermediate valence state of Ce in CeM2Si2 (M = Fe, Co, Ni) compounds

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Koterlyn, M.; Shcherba, I.; Yasnitskii, R.; Koterlyn, G.

    2007-01-01

    The results of thermoelectric power and the electrical resistivity measurements connected with the intermediate valence (IV) of Ce are presented for the compounds CeM 2 Si 2 (M = Fe, Co, Ni) in the temperature range of 4-800 K. It is shown that CeM 2 Si 2 are Kondo-lattices with the coherence scale T coh ∼ 60-80 K and the so-called single-site Kondo temperature T K ∼ 10 3 K. On the example of CeNi 2 Si 2 we have studied the changes in the structure of density of f states (f-DOS) near the Fermi energy caused by atomic substitutions. The results of structural, transport, magnetic, and Ce L III X-ray absorption spectra measurements in the series Ce 1-x La x Ni 2 Si 2 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.6), Ce(Ni 1-y Cu y ) 2 Si 2 (0 ≤ y ≤ 0.6) and CeNi 2 (Si 1-z Ge z ) 2 (0 ≤ z ≤ 0.5) are presented. We found that the IV state of Ce in the CeM 2 Si 2 is an evidence of possible opening a wide pseudogap Δ ∼ kT K within the f-DOS structure slightly above the Fermi energy

  4. Theoretical descriptions of novel triplet germylenes M1-Ge-M2-M3 (M1 = H, Li, Na, K; M2 = Be, Mg, Ca; M3 = H, F, Cl, Br).

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kassaee, Mohamad Zaman; Ashenagar, Samaneh

    2018-02-06

    In a quest to identify new ground-state triplet germylenes, the stabilities (singlet-triplet energy differences, ΔE S-T ) of 96 singlet (s) and triplet (t) M 1 -Ge-M 2 -M 3 species were compared and contrasted at the B3LYP/6-311++G**, QCISD(T)/6-311++G**, and CCSD(T)/6-311++G** levels of theory (M 1  = H, Li, Na, K; M 2  = Be, Mg, Ca; M 3  = H, F, Cl, Br). Interestingly, F-substituent triplet germylenes (M 3  = F) appear to be more stable and linear than the corresponding Cl- or Br-substituent triplet germylenes (M 3  = Cl or Br). Triplets with M 1  = K (i.e., the K-Ge-M 2 -M 3 series) seem to be more stable than the corresponding triplets with M 1  = H, Li, or Na. This can be attributed to the higher electropositivity of potassium. Triplet species with M 3  = Cl behave similarly to those with M 3  = Br. Conversely, triplets with M 3  = H show similar stabilities and linearities to those with M 3  = F. Singlet species of formulae K-Ge-Ca-Cl and K-Ge-Ca-Br form unexpected cyclic structures. Finally, the triplet germylenes M 1 -Ge-M 2 -M 3 become more stable as the electropositivities of the α-substituents (M 1 and M 2 ) and the electronegativity of the β-substituent (M 3 ) increase.

  5. A 18 m 2 cylindrical tracking detector made of 2.6 m long, stereo mylar straw tubes with 100 μm resolution

    Science.gov (United States)

    Benussi, L.; Bertani, M.; Bianco, S.; Fabbri, F. L.; Gianotti, P.; Giardoni, M.; Ghezzo, A.; Guaraldo, C.; Lanaro, A.; Locchi, P.; Lu, J.; Lucherini, V.; Mecozzi, A.; Pace, E.; Passamonti, L.; Qaisar, N.; Ricciardi, A.; Sarwar, S.; Serdyouk, V.; Trasatti, L.; Volkov, A.; Zia, A.

    1998-12-01

    An array of 2424 2.6 m-long, 15 mm-diameter mylar straw tubes, arranged in two axial and four stereo layers, has been assembled. The array covers a cylindrical tracking surface of 18 m 2 and provides coordinate measurement in the drift direction and along the wire. A correction of the systematic effects which are introduced by gravitational sag and electrostatics, thus dominating the detector performance especially with long straws, allows to determine wire position from drift-time distribution. The correction has been applied to reach a space resolution of 40 μm with DME, 100 μm with Ar+C 2H 6, and 100-200 μm with CO 2. Such a resolution is the best ever obtained for straws of these dimensions. A study of the gas leakage for the straw system has been performed, and results are reported. The array is being commissioned as a subdetector of the FINUDA spectrometer, and tracking performances are being studied with cosmic rays.

  6. A 18 m2 cylindrical tracking detector made of 2,6 m long, stereo mylar straw tubes with 100 μm resolution

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Benussi, L.; Bertani, M.; Bianco, S.; Fabbri, F.L.; Gianotti, P.; Giardoni, M.; Ghezzo, A.; Guaraldo, C.; Lanaro, A.; Locchi, P.; Lu, J.; Lucherini, V.; Mecozzi, A.; Pace, E.; Passamonti, L.; Qaisar, N.; Ricciardi, A.; Sarwar, S.; Serdyouk, V.; Trasatti, L.; Volkov, A.; Zia, A.

    1998-01-01

    An array of 2424 2.6 m-long, 15 mm-diameter mylar straw tubes, arranged in two axial and four stereo layers, has been assembled. The array covers a cylindrical tracking surface of 18 m 2 and provides coordinate measurement in the drift direction and along the wire. An under-standing of the systematic effects which are introduced by gravitational sag and electrostatics, thus dominating the detector performance especially with long straws, allows to determine wire position from drift-time distribution. The correction has been applied to reach a space resolution of 40 μm with DME, 100 μm with Ar + C 2 H 6 , and 100-200 μm with CO 2 . Such a resolution is the best ever obtained for straws of these dimensions. A study of the gas leakage for the straw system has been performed, and results are reported. The array is being commissioned as a subdetector of the FINUDA spectrometer, and tracking performances are being studied with cosmic rays. (author)

  7. Reliable Reporting for Massive M2M Communications with Periodic Resource Pooling

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Madueño, Germán Corrales; Stefanovic, Cedomir; Popovski, Petar

    2014-01-01

    This letter considers a wireless M2M communication scenario with a massive number of M2M devices. Each device needs to send its reports within a given deadline and with certain reliability, e.g., 99.99%. A pool of resources available to all M2M devices is periodically available for transmission...... to guarantee the desired reliability of the report delivery within the deadline. The fact that the pool of resources is used by a massive number of devices allows to base the dimensioning on the central limit theorem. The results are interpreted in the context of LTE, but they are applicable to any M2M...

  8. Crystal structures of Th(OH)PO4, U(OH)PO4 and Th2O(PO4)2. Condensation mechanism of M(IV)(OH)PO4 (M= Th, U) into M2O(PO4)2

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Dacheux, N.; Clavier, N.; Wallez, G.; Quarton, M.

    2007-01-01

    Three new crystal structures, isotypic with β-Zr 2 O(PO 4 ) 2 , have been resolved by the Rietveld method. All crystallize with an orthorhombic cell (S.G.: Cmca) with a = 7.1393(2) Angstroms, b = 9.2641(2) Angstroms, c 12.5262(4) Angstroms, V = 828.46(4) (Angstroms) 3 and Z = 8 for Th(OH)PO 4 ; a = 7.0100(2) Angstroms, b = 9.1200(2) Angstroms, c = 12.3665(3) Angstroms, V 790.60(4) (Angstroms) 3 and Z = 8 for U(OH)PO 4 ; a 7.1691(3) Angstroms, b 9.2388(4) Angstroms, c = 12.8204(7) Angstroms, V 849.15(7) (Angstroms) 3 and Z = 4 for Th 2 O(PO 4 ) 2 . By heating, the M(OH)PO 4 (M Th, U) compounds condense topotactically into M 2 O(PO 4 ) 2 , with a change of the environment of the tetravalent cation that lowers from 8 to 7 oxygen atoms. The lower stability of Th 2 O(PO 4 ) 2 compared to that of U 2 O(PO 4 ) 2 seems to result from this unusual environment for tetravalent thorium. (authors)

  9. Tempo máximo de fonação /a/, tempo máximo de fonação previsto e tipo respiratório de mulheres adultas sem afecções laríngeas

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Carla Aparecida Cielo

    2015-04-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO:verificar a diferença entre o tempo máximo de fonação /a/ e tempo máximo de fonação previsto em relação ao tipo respiratório, e correlacionar os tempos máximos em mulheres adultas com capacidade vital dentro da normalidade e sem afecções laríngeas.MÉTODOS:pesquisa transversal analítica, quantitativa e retrospectiva, em banco de dados, de 51 sujeitos do sexo feminino, com diagnóstico otorrinolaringológico de ausência de afecção laríngea, com idades entre 18 e 44 anos (média 27,64. Utilizaram-se os dados: maior valor de tempo máximo de fonação de /a/, tempo máximo de fonação previsto, capacidade vital e tipo respiratório. O valor do tempo máximo previsto para mulheres foi calculado multiplicando-se a capacidade vital por 0,0051, e o valor encontrado foi determinante para a classificação do tempo de /a/ em normal, abaixo ou acima do previsto.RESULTADOS:houve diferença significante entre tempo de fonação previsto e os tipos respiratórios superior (17,44s e misto (15,17s. Não houve diferença significante do tempo máximo de fonação /a/ nos diferentes tipos respiratórios, nem correlação entre tempo de fonação /a/ e tempo previsto.CONCLUSÃO:não houve correlação entre tempo de /a/ e tempo de fonação previsto e este último foi significantemente maior no tipo respiratório superior do que no misto na população estudada.

  10. Desempenho de genótipos de bananeira na região de Jataí-GO

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Silvia Correa Santos

    2012-09-01

    Full Text Available Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o desenvolvimento e a produção de seis genótipos de bananeira nas condições bioclimáticas do Sudoeste Goiano. O experimento foi conduzido em área experimental na Fazenda Aroeira localizada no Município de Jataí-GO, microrregião do sudoeste Goiano. Em dois ciclos de produção, foram avaliados os genótipos 'Caipira' (AAA, 'Thap Maeo' (AAB, 'FHIA-01' (AAAB, 'FHIA-21' (AAAB, 'FHIA-18' (AAAB, descritos pela Embrapa como resistentes à Sigatoka, e a 'Terra' (AAB - subgrupo Terra, cultivada tradicionalmente pelos produtores da região. O experimento foi montado num delineamento experimental em blocos casualizados, com seis tratamentos (genótipos e seis repetições, em condições de sequeiro com espaçamento de 3 x 2 m. A caracterização do desenvolvimento e do rendimento dos genótipos foi realizada com as seguintes avaliações: NDPC - número de dias do plantio à colheita; MC - massa do cacho (kg; NP - número de pencas; CE - comprimento do engaço (cm; Ø - diâmetro do engaço (mm; ME - massa do engaço (kg; Ø2ªP - diâmetro do fruto da segunda penca (mm; C2ªP - comprimento do fruto da segunda penca (mm; M2ªP - massa da segunda penca (kg; N2ªP - número de frutos da segunda penca; ØPSFL - diâmetro do pseudocaule na floração (cm, NFC - número de folhas na colheita, e APF - altura da planta na floração. Observou-se um regime hídrico bem definido, com uma estação chuvosa de outubro a março e um período seco de abril a setembro. Considerando que diferentes ambientes influenciam no desempenho dos genótipos de banana e na manifestação dos caracteres, o bom desenvolvimento desses genótipos indica a adaptação às condições climáticas da região. De acordo com os dados de produção do segundo ciclo, os genótipos 'FHIA-18', 'FHIA-01' e 'FHIA-21' apresentaram características agronômicas favoráveis e podem ser indicados como alternativas de cultivo aos produtores da regi

  11. M2- and M5-branes in E11 current algebra formulation of M-theory

    Science.gov (United States)

    Shiba, Shotaro; Sugawara, Hirotaka

    2018-03-01

    Equations of motion for M2- and M5-branes are written down in the E11 current algebra formulation of M-theory. These branes correspond to currents of the second and the fifth rank antisymmetric tensors in the E11 representation, whereas the electric and magnetic fields (coupled to M2- and M5-branes) correspond to currents of the third and the sixth rank antisymmetric tensors, respectively. We show that these equations of motion have solutions in terms of the coordinates on M2- and M5-branes. We also discuss the geometric equations, and show that there are static solutions when M2- or M5-brane exists alone and also when M5-brane wraps around M2-brane. This situation is realized because our Einstein-like equation contains an extra term which can be interpreted as gravitational energy contributing to the curvature, thus avoiding the usual intersection rule.

  12. Efeito da adição de CO2 sobre o crescimento microbiano em macarrão tipo massa fresca Effect of CO2 addition on microbial growth in fresh pasta

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Renato Souza Cruz

    2002-08-01

    Full Text Available O presente trabalho foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito da adição de CO2 sobre a qualidade do macarrão tipo massa fresca. O uso de atmosfera modificada no interior da embalagem, com concentrações mais elevadas de CO2, tem sido empregado comercialmente com a finalidade de inibir microrganismos, principalmente os aeróbios. Dessa forma, neste trabalho foi empregada uma nova técnica para a adição do CO2 no produto. Esta técnica consistiu em carbonatar a água que foi utilizada para a produção do macarrão tipo massa fresca, em substituição à injeção do gás CO2 na embalagem. Foram testadas as concentrações de 160 e 745mg/L de CO2. Os resultados mostraram, pelas análises microbiológicas, que o nível de 745mg/L de CO2 foi satisfatório para a inibição de bolores e leveduras durante os 50 dias de armazenamento a 7±1ºC. No entanto, não houve efeito na inibição de psicrotróficos e coliformes totais.The objective of this work was to evaluate CO2 addition on the inhibition of microbial growth in fresh pasta. Modified atmosphere packages using higher levels of CO2 have been commercially used to inhibit mainly aerobes microorganisms. Therefore, a new technique of adding CO2 directly to the product was tested promoting better contact between the dough and the gas. Carbon dioxide was dissolved in water at concentrations of 160 and 745mg/L and the carbonated water was mixed with the ingredients to produce the pasta. The results showed that 745mg/L of CO2 inhibited fungi and yeast growth in pasta stored at 7±1ºC up to 50 days, however, growth of psychrotrophics and coliforms was not affected.

  13. Ca(2+-dependent regulation of the Ca(2+ concentration in the myometrium mitochondria. II. Ca(2+ effects on mitochondria membranes polarization and [Ca(2+](m

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    L. G. Babich

    2017-06-01

    Full Text Available It is known that Ca2+ accumulation in the mitochondria undergoes complex regulation by Ca2+ itself. But the mechanisms of such regulation are still discussed. In this paper we have shown that Ca ions directly or indirectly regulate the level of myometrium mitochondria membranes polarization. The additions of 100 µM Ca2+ were accompanied by depolarization of the mitochondria membranes. The following experiments were designed to study the impact of Ca2+ on the myometrium mitochondria [Ca2+]m. Isolated myometrium mitochondria were preincubated without or with 10 μM Са2+ followed by 100 μM Са2+ addition. Experiments were conducted in three mediums: without ATP and Mg2+ (0-medium, in the presence of 3 mM Mg2+ (Mg-medium and 3 mM Mg2+ + 3 mM ATP (Mg,ATP-medium. It was shown that the effects of 10 μM Са2+ addition were different in different mediums, namely in 0- and Mg-medium the [Ca2+]m values increased, whereas in Mg,ATP-medium statistically reliable changes were not registered. Preincubation of mitochondria with 10 μM Са2+ did not affect the [Ca2+]m value after the addition of 100 μM Са2+. The [Ca2+]m values after 100 μM Са2+ addition were the same in 0- and Mg,ATP-mediums and somewhat lower in Mg-medium. Preliminary incubation of mitochondria with 10 μM Са2+ in 0- and Mg-mediums reduced changes of Fluo 4 normalized fluorescence values that were induced by 100 μM Са2+ additions, but in Mg,ATP-medium such differences were not recorded. It is concluded that Са2+ exchange in myometrium mitochondria is regulated by the concentration of Ca ions as in the external medium, so in the matrix of mitochondria. The medium composition had a significant impact on the [Са2+]m values in the absence of exogenous cation. It is suggested that light increase of [Са2+]m before the addition of 100 μM Са2+ may have a positive effect on the functional activity of the mitochondria.

  14. Influencia del contacto precoz, nacionalidad, tipo de parto y prematuridad en la lactancia materna

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ana Belén Laviña Castan

    2015-01-01

    Full Text Available Conocer si en el HUMS existe asociación entre lactancia materna y nacionalidad, prematuridad, tipo de parto, contacto precoz piel con piel. Estudio de cohortes, en una muestra de 541 puérperas del HUMS en octubre-noviembre 2011. Las variables: nacionalidad, tipo de parto, contacto precoz, parto prematuro e inicio lactancia materna se recogieron antes del alta hospitalaria mediante cuestionario. A los dos meses postparto se contactó telefónicamente con las madres para conocer el tipo de lactancia en ese momento. El 70,32 % iniciaron la lactancia materna en las dos primeras horas postparto y el 55,58% daban Lactancia materna exclusiva (LME a los dos meses. Influyen en la lactancia materna el tipo de parto, contacto precoz y parto prematuro. La probabilidad de lactancia materna es 3,65 veces más alta si se ha realizado contacto precoz (RR 3,65; IC 95% 2,72-4,88; p=0,001. El inicio de lactancia materna en las 2 primeras horas y la nacionalidad española influye positivamente en la LME a los 2 meses. Las prácticas hospitalarias en el postparto deben promover el contacto precoz madre-recién nacido y el inicio de lactancia materna en las dos primeras horas, principalmente en las cesáreas.

  15. Reliable Radio Access for Massive Machine-to-Machine (M2M) Communication

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Madueño, Germán Corrales

    the service requirements can range from massive number of devices to ultra-reliable. This PhD thesis focuses on novel mechanisms to meet these requirements in a variety of wireless systems, from well-established technologies such as cellular networks, to emerging technologies like IEEE 802.11ah. Today...... an overwhelming 89% of the deployed M2M modules are GPRS-based. This motivates us to investigate the potential of GPRS as a dedicated M2M network. We show that by introducing minimal modifications to GPRS operation, a large number of devices can be reliably supported. Surprisingly, even though LTE is seen...... as the preferable solution for M2M, no mechanisms are in place to guarantee reliable M2M access. Contrary to mainstream solutions that focus on preventing overload, we introduce mechanisms to provide reliable M2M service. We also investigate what cellular networks can do about upcoming smart metering traffic...

  16. Características sociodemográficas y clínicas de pacientes con diabetes tipo 2 y microangiopatías

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Teresa Mendizábal

    2010-03-01

    Full Text Available Objetivo: Determinar las características sociodemográficas y clínicas de pacientes con diabetes tipo 2 y microangiopatías. Diseño: Estudio descriptivo, de serie de casos. Institución: Hospital Nacional Daniel Alcides Carrión del Callao, hospital docente. Participantes: Pacientes adultos con diabetes mellitus. Intervenciones: Se realizó un estudio de 48 pacientes adultos con diabetes mellitus 2 con y sin microangiopatías. Se determinó edad, sexo, tiempo de enfermedad, glicemia, y características posibles de relacionarse con la ausencia de complicaciones microvasculares, susceptibles o no de modificación: nivel educativo, nivel socioeconómico, atención mínima (endocrinólogo, atención estándar (endocrinólogo y nutricionista, atención integral (profesionales anteriores más otro especialista, percepción de apoyo familiar, asistencia al control médico, adherencia a dieta sin azúcares simples y actividad física regular. Principales medidas de resultados: Presentación de microangiopatías y otras complicaciones. Resultados: La edad promedio fue 55,6 años y 52% de los pacientes presentó microangiopatía. Los pacientes sin complicaciones tuvieron menor edad, tiempo de enfermedad y antecedentes familiares de diabetes; mayor nivel educativo y socioeconómico; mejor estado nutricional y menor nivel de glicemia. La ausencia de microangiopatías se asoció a una atención estándar (endocrinólogo y nutricionista (p=0,013. Conclusiones: La microangiopatía se presentó en 52% de pacientes del estudio. Los pacientes sin complicaciones tuvieron menor edad, menor tiempo de enfermedad y antecedentes familiares de diabetes; mayor nivel educativo y socioeconómico; mejor estado nutricional y menor nivel de glicemia.

  17. Mild hydrothermal synthesis, crystal structure, spectroscopic and magnetic properties of the [MxIIM2.5-xIII(H2O)2(HPIIIO3)y(PVO4)2-yF] [M=Fe, x=2.08, y=1.58; M=Co, Ni, x=2.5, y=2] compounds

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Orive, Joseba; Mesa, Jose L.; Legarra, Estibaliz; Plazaola, Fernando; Arriortua, Maria I.; Rojo, Teofilo

    2009-01-01

    The [M x II M 2.5-x III (H 2 O) 2 (HP III O 3 ) y (P V O 4 ) 2-y F] [M=Fe (1), x=2.08, y=1.58; M=Co (2), x=2.5, y=2; Ni (3), x=2.5, y=2] compounds have been synthesized using mild hydrothermal conditions at 170 deg. C during five days. Single-crystals of (1) and (2), and polycrystalline sample of (3) were obtained. These isostructural compounds crystallize in the orthorhombic system, space group Aba2, with a=9.9598(2), b=18.8149(4) and c=8.5751(2) A for (1), a=9.9142(7), b=18.570(1) and c=8.4920(5) A for (2) and a=9.8038(2), b=18.2453(2) and c=8.4106(1) A for (3), with Z=8 in the three phases. An X-ray diffraction study reveals that the crystal structure is composed of a three-dimensional skeleton formed by [MO 5 F] and [MO 4 F 2 ] (M=Fe, Co and Ni) octahedra and [HPO 3 ] tetrahedra, partially substituted by [PO 4 ] tetrahedra in phase (1). The IR spectra show the vibrational modes of the water molecules and those of the (HPO 3 ) 2- tetrahedral oxoanions. The thermal study indicates that the limit of thermal stability of these phases is 195 deg. C for (1) and 315 deg. C for (2) and (3). The electronic absorption spectroscopy shows the characteristic bands of the Fe(II), Co(II) and Ni(II) high-spin cations in slightly distorted octahedral geometry. Magnetic measurements indicate the existence of global antiferromagnetic interactions between the metallic centers with a ferromagnetic transition in the three compounds at 28, 14 and 21 K for (1), (2) and (3), respectively. Compound (1) exhibits a hysteresis loop with remnant magnetization and coercive field values of 0.72 emu/mol and 880 Oe, respectively. - Abstract: Polyhedral view of the crystal structure of the [M x II M 2.5-x III (H 2 O) 2 (HP III O 3 ) y (P IV O 4 ) 2-y F] [M=Fe, x=2.08, y=1.58; M=Co, Ni, x=2.5, y=2] compounds showing the sheets along the [001] direction.

  18. A Survey on M2M Systems for mHealth: A Wireless Communications Perspective

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Elli Kartsakli

    2014-09-01

    Full Text Available In the new era of connectivity, marked by the explosive number of wireless electronic devices and the need for smart and pervasive applications, Machine-to-Machine (M2M communications are an emerging technology that enables the seamless device interconnection without the need of human interaction. The use of M2M technology can bring to life a wide range of mHealth applications, with considerable benefits for both patients and healthcare providers. Many technological challenges have to be met, however, to ensure the widespread adoption of mHealth solutions in the future. In this context, we aim to provide a comprehensive survey on M2M systems for mHealth applications from a wireless communication perspective. An end-to-end holistic approach is adopted, focusing on different communication aspects of the M2M architecture. Hence, we first provide a systematic review ofWireless Body Area Networks (WBANs, which constitute the enabling technology at the patient’s side, and then discuss end-to-end solutions that involve the design and implementation of practical mHealth applications. We close the survey by identifying challenges and open research issues, thus paving the way for future research opportunities.

  19. Tipo de perda e qualidade da recuperação em transgressões no relacionamento B2C

    OpenAIRE

    Schwarzbach, Loise Cristina

    2015-01-01

    Orientadora : Profª. Drª. Danielle Mantovani Lucena da Silva Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciências Sociais Aplicadas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Administração. Defesa: Curitiba, 30/03/2015 Inclui referências : fls. 116-124 Resumo: O objetivo desta pesquisa foi verificar a influência do tipo de perda (tangível vs psicológica) e do desempenho da recuperação (alta vs media vs baixa) de transgressões no relacionamento B2C - Business to Consumer sobr...

  20. Possível associação entre tipos de hemoglobina e problemas reprodutivos em éguas Mangalarga brasileiras

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Rejane de Lima e Silva

    1996-09-01

    Full Text Available Foram estudadas as hemoglobinas de 100 éguas da raça Mangalarga, em idade de reprodução, provenientes da Fazenda Santa Fé, situada na região de Botucatu. Esses animais foram divididos em 2 grupos, de acordo com o histórico reprodutivo de cada animal, sendo um formado por éguas reprodutivamente normais e o segundo por éguas portadoras de problemas reprodutivos. Foram colhidas amostras de 15 ml de sangue com anticoagulante. As hemoglobinas foram identificadas por meio de eletroforese em gel de poliacrilamida em placa vertical, a 7% em pH 8.6, segundo Davis11 (1964. Quanto ao sistema de hemoglobinas, foram encontrados os seguintes fenótipos para o grupo de éguas reprodutivamente normais:A¹--- (2,0%, A¹, A²m+m+ (21,0% e A¹A² m+m (27,0%; para o grupo de éguas com problemas reprodutivos: A¹--- (10,0%, A¹A² m+m+ (12,0% e A¹A²m+m+ (28,0%. A diferença na freqüência do fenótipo A¹--- entre os grupos pode ter ocorrido devido ã existência da ligação do loco hemoglobina a outro que controlaria características de produção. Além disso, pode estar ocorrendo influência do tipo de clima existente nos trópicos.

  1. NOVOSIBIRSK: VEPP-2M

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Anon.

    1994-01-01

    The VEPP-2M electron-positron collider at the Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics in Novosibirsk began a new life after completion of the booster BEP and construction of two new detectors - CMD-2 and SND. The collider covers a collision energy range from the threshold of pion pair production up to 1.4 GeV. Although this energy range is far below the summits needed to produce Z and W bosons or the top quark, it can nevertheless provide important information for a better understanding of the Standard Model and beyond

  2. Heterotic M2-branes

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Neil Lambert

    2015-10-01

    Full Text Available We construct the action for N M2-branes on S1/Z2. The resulting theory has a gauge anomaly but this can be cancelled if the two fixed point planes each support 8 chiral Fermions in the fundamental of U(N. Taking the low energy limit leads to the worldsheet theory of N free heterotic strings whose quantization induces an E8 spacetime gauge symmetry on each fixed point plane. Thus this paper presents a non-abelian worldvolume analogue of the classic Hořava–Witten analysis.

  3. PREVALENCIA Y FACTORES ASOCIADOS DE LA AUTOMONITORIZACIÓN GLUCÉMICA EN PACIENTES DIABÉTICOS TIPO 2 NO TRATADOS CON INSULINA EN LA COMUNIDAD VALENCIANA

    OpenAIRE

    Diego Cano-Blanquer; Pedro Cervera-Casino; Salvador Peiró-Moreno; Mónica Mateu-García; Amparo Barreda-Aznar; Grupo de Estudio de la Automonitorización Glucémica

    2013-01-01

    Fundamentos: La utilidad de la automonitorización de la glucemia (AMGS) en pacientes con diabetes tipo 2 (DM2) no tratados con insulina (NTI) es objeto de controversia.. Los objetivos de este trabajo son describir la prevalencia de AMGS en sujetos con DM2 NTI en la Comunidad Valenciana y analizar los factores asociados a su a su uso. Método: Estudio transversal en 83 consultas de atención primaria mediante revisión de la historia clínica electrónica y entrevista a 573 sujetos con DM2-NTI. Se ...

  4. Diversification of the vacAs1m1 and vacAs2m2 strains of Helicobacter pylori in Meriones unguiculatus

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Sandra Mendoza Elizalde

    2016-11-01

    Full Text Available The bacterium Helicobacter pylori exhibits great genetic diversity, and the pathogenic roles of its virulence factors have been widely studied. However, the evolutionary dynamics of H. pylori strains during stomach colonization are not well characterized. Here, we analyzed the microevolutionary dynamics of the toxigenic strain vacAs1m1, the non-toxigenic strain vacAs2m2, and a combination of both strains in an animal model over time. Meriones unguiculatus were inoculated with the following bacteria: group 1–toxigenic strain vacAs1m1/cagA+/cagE+/babA2+; ST181, group 2–non-toxigenic strain vacAs2m2/ cagA+/ cagE+/ babA2+; ST2901, and group 3–both strains. The gerbils were euthanized at different time points (3, 6, 12 and 18 months. In group 1, genetic alterations were observed at 6 and 12 months. With the combination of both strains, group 3 also exhibited genetic alterations at 3 and 18 months; moreover, a chimera, vacA m1-m2, was detected. Additionally, four new sequence types (STs were reported in the PubMLST database for H. pylori. Synonymous and non-synonymous mutations were analyzed and associated with alterations in amino acids. Microevolutionary analysis of the STs (PHYLOViZ identified in each group revealed many mutational changes in the toxigenic (vacAs1m1 and non-toxigenic (vacAs2m2 strains. Phylogenetic assessments (eBURST did not reveal clonal complexes. Our findings indicate that the toxigenic strain, vacAs1m1, and a combination of toxigenic and non-toxigenic strains acquired genetic material by recombination. The allelic combination, vacAs2m1, displayed the best adaptation in the animal model over time, and a chimera, m1-m2, was also identified, which confirmed previous reports.

  5. Distributed Energy-Efficient Topology Control Algorithm in Home M2M Networks

    OpenAIRE

    Lee, Chao-Yang; Yang, Chu-Sing

    2012-01-01

    Because machine-to-machine (M2M) technology enables machines to communicate with each other without human intervention, it could play a big role in sensor network systems. Through wireless sensor network (WSN) gateways, various information can be collected by sensors for M2M systems. For home M2M networks, this study proposes a distributed energy-efficient topology control algorithm for both topology construction and topology maintenance. Topology control is an effective method of enhancing e...

  6. Suplementação oral com picolinato de cromo em pacientes com diabetes tipo 2: um ensaio clínico randomizado

    OpenAIRE

    Paiva, Ana Nunes

    2015-01-01

    Diante da importância do papel do cromo no mecanismo da sensibilidade à insulina tem sido estudada a suplementação com este mineral em pacientes diabéticos. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito da suplementação oral com picolinato de cromo (PicCr) nas concentrações glicêmicas, lipidêmicas, perfil antioxidante e parâmetros antropométricos em pacientes com diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM2) mal controlados(hemoglobina glicada A1c (HbA1c) ≥ 7%). Para tanto, foi conduzido um ensaio clí...

  7. Avaliação de genótipos de caupi sob salinidade Assessment of cowpea genotypes under salinity

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    José P. Dantas

    2002-12-01

    Full Text Available Foram conduzidos ensaios em abrigo telado de vegetação com cobertura de telha de fibra de vidro com o objetivo de se avaliar a tolerância de 50 genótipos de caupi sob salinidade. Os tratamentos de salinidade aplicados no solo, em termos de condutividade elétrica do extrato de saturação (CE, foram: CE1 - 0,3, CE2 - 3,0, CE3 - 6,0, CE4 - 9,0 e CE5 - 12,0 dS m-1. Os genótipos foram classificados para tolerância à salinidade com base na redução percentual do peso de matéria seca da parte aérea. No tratamento CE2, 36 genótipos foram tolerantes (T, 12 moderadamente tolerantes (MT e 2 moderadamente sensíveis (MS; no tratamento CE3, 3 foram T, 14 MT, 30 MS e 3 sensíveis (S; no tratamento CE4, um foi MS e 49 S e, no tratamento CE5, todos foram S. O teor de proteína nos grãos foi influenciado pela salinidade e variou de genótipo para genótipo.To assess the tolerance of 50 cowpea genotypes under salinity, experiments were conducted in greenhouse covered with fiberglass sheets. The salinity treatments applied in terms of electrical conductivity of saturation extract of soil (EC were EC1 - 0.3; EC2 - 3.0; EC3 - 6.0; EC4 - 9.0 and EC5 - 12.0 dS m-1. The genotypes were classified for the salinity tolerance on the basis of the reduction in dry weight (% of shoot. Under EC2, 36 genotypes were tolerant (T, 12 moderately tolerant (MT and 2 moderately susceptible (MS; under EC3, 3 were T, 14 MT, 30 MS and 3 susceptible (S; under EC4, one was MS and 49 S and under EC5, all were S. The protein content of seed was influenced by salinity and varied with the genotype.

  8. Recomendaciones para el tratamiento farmacológico de la hiperglucemia en la diabetes tipo 2

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Menéndez Torre E

    2010-12-01

    Full Text Available La diabetes tipo 2 es una enfermedad caracterizada por una hiperglucemia crónica secundaria a un doble mecanismo patogénico: resistencia a la acción de la insulina asociada a un fallo progresivo en la secreción pancreática de insulina. La resistencia insulínica suele mantenerse a lo largo de la evolución de la enfermedad, pero puede mejorar con modificaciones en el estilo de vida (terapia nutricional y ejercicio, con la consecución de unas características antropométricas más favorables y con algunos fármacos. El fallo progresivo de la secreción de insulina pancreática aconseja adoptar una actitud precoz y activa, con un incremento progresivo de la dosis y el número de fármacos para mantener los objetivos de control. Algunas sociedades científicas1-6 han elaborado consensos con recomendaciones sobre objetivos de control, escalonamiento de los distintos fármacos y adaptación de ambos a las características del paciente. Entre ellos, existen algunas concordancias y discrepancias, dada la dificultad que representa la ausencia de ensayos clínicos aleatorizados y con potencia suficiente que comparen directamente las distintas pautas terapéuticas recomendadas. Por ello, la Junta Directiva de la Sociedad Española de Diabetes (SED decidió encargar a nuestro Grupo de Trabajo la elaboración de un documento que adaptara lo más posible las evidencias disponibles y las distintas recomendaciones a la situación en nuestro país, teniendo en cuenta que la decisión terapéutica definitiva dependerá en cada momento del médico, que deberá individualizar el tratamiento según las características del paciente en cuestión. El Grupo de Trabajo se ha planteado que el presente documento debe ser dinámico y que ha de actualizarse periódicamente, de acuerdo con las evidencias que vayan surgiendo y con las sugerencias de los miembros de la SED.

  9. New members of the A2 MM2″ structure family (A=Ca, Sr, Yb, La; M ‧ = In , Sn , Pb; M ″ = Si , Ge)

    Science.gov (United States)

    Jehle, Michael; Dürr, Ines; Fink, Saskia; Lang, Britta; Langenmaier, Michael; Steckhan, Julia; Röhr, Caroline

    2015-01-01

    The new mixed tetrelides Sr2PbGe2 and Yb2SnGe2, several mixed Ca/Sr (AII) germanides A2II (Sn, Pb)Ge2 and two polymorphs of La2 InSi2 represent new members of the general structure family of ternary alkaline-earth/lanthanoid main group silicides/germanides A2 MM2″ (M ‧ = In , Sn , Pb ; M ″ = Si , Ge). All compounds were synthesized from melts of the elements and their crystal structures have been determined by means of single crystal X-ray diffraction. Sr2PbGe2 (Cmmm, a=402.36(11), b=1542.3(4), c=463.27(10) pm) crystallizes with the Mn2AlB2 -type structure. In exhibiting infinite planar Ge zig-zag chains, it represents one border of the compound series. The other borderline case, where only [Ge2 ] dumbbells are left as Ge building units, is represented by the Ca/Yb tin germanides Ca2SnGe2 and Yb2SnGe2 (Mo2FeB2 -type; P4/mbm, a=748.58(13)/740.27(7), c=445.59(8)/435.26(5) pm). In between these two border structures compounds with variable Si/Ge chain lengths could be obtained by varying the averaged size of the AII cations: Ca0.45Sr1.55PbGe2 (new structure type; Pbam, a=791.64(5), b=2311.2(2), c=458.53(3) pm) contains planar six-membered chain segments [Ge6 ]. Tetrameric pieces [Ge4 ] are the conspicuous structure elements in Ca1.16Sr0.84SnGe2 and La2 InSi2 (La2InNi2 -type; Pbam, a=781.01(2)/762.01(13), b=1477.95(3)/1494.38(6), c=457.004(9)/442.1(3) pm). The tetragonal form of 'La2 In Si2‧ (exact composition: La2In1.07Si1.93, P4/mbm, a=1309.11(12), c=443.32(4) pm) also crystallizes in a new structure type, containing only [Si3 ] trimers as cutouts of the planar chains. In all structures the Si/Ge zig-zag chains/chain segments are connected by In/Sn/Pb atoms to form planar M layers, which are separated by pure A layers. Band structure calculations within the FP-LAPW DFT approach together with the Zintl formalism, extended by the presence of hypervalent bonding of the heavier M ‧ elements, give insight into the chemical bonding of this series of p

  10. β-adrenergic-stimulated macrophages: Comprehensive localization in the M1–M2 spectrum

    Science.gov (United States)

    Lamkin, Donald M.; Ho, Hsin-Yun; Ong, Tiffany H.; Kawanishi, Carly K.; Stoffers, Victoria L.; Ahlawat, Nivedita; Ma, Jeffrey C.Y.; Arevalo, Jesusa M. G.; Cole, Steve W.; Sloan, Erica K.

    2016-01-01

    β-adrenergic signaling can regulate macrophage involvement in several diseases and often produces anti-inflammatory properties in macrophages, which are similar to M2 properties in a dichotomous M1 vs. M2 macrophage taxonomy. However, it is not clear that β-adrenergic-stimulated macrophages may be classified strictly as M2. In this in vitro study, we utilized recently published criteria and transcriptome-wide bioinformatics methods to map the relative polarity of murine β-adrenergic-stimulated macrophages within a wider M1–M2 spectrum. Results show that β-adrenergic-stimulated macrophages did not fit entirely into any one predefined category of the M1–M2 spectrum but did express genes that are representative of some M2 side categories. Moreover, transcript origin analysis of genome-wide transcriptional profiles located β-adrenergic-stimulated macrophages firmly on the M2 side of the M1–M2 spectrum and found active suppression of M1 side gene transcripts. The signal transduction pathways involved were mapped through blocking experiments and bioinformatics analysis of transcription factor binding motifs. M2-promoting effects were mediated specifically through β2-adrenergic receptors and were associated with CREB, C/EBPβ, and ATF transcription factor pathways but not with established M1–M2 STAT pathways. Thus, β-adrenergic-signaling induces a macrophage transcriptome that locates on the M2 side of the M1–M2 spectrum but likely accomplishes this effect through a signaling pathway that is atypical for M2-spectrum macrophages. PMID:27485040

  11. Resgate in vitro de embriões em genótipos diplóides de bananeira

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Neves Tárcia dos Santos

    2001-01-01

    Full Text Available Este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a técnica de resgate de embriões de sementes de bananeira em genótipos diplóides e a influência de defeitos do embrião e do endosperma na germinação in vitro. Foram utilizados os genótipos Calcutta, Malaccensis, Butuhan, França, 0304-02, 1304-06, 4252-04 e 9379-09. De cada genótipo, 100 sementes recém-coletadas foram embebidas em água destilada, por 24 horas, e desinfestadas em solução à base de nitrato de prata e cloreto de sódio. Os embriões extraídos foram introduzidos em meio MS com 30 g L-1 desacarose e 7 g L-1 de ágar, e cultivados em câmara de crescimento, no escuro e em temperatura de 26 ± 2ºC. A germinação concentrou-se do quinto ao vigésimo dia de cultivo e apresentou uma média de 53,25% após 45 dias, independentemente do genótipo. As espécies selvagens apresentaram porcentagem média de germinação maior do que a dos genótipos híbridos. A presença de embrião e endosperma normais não foi essencial para a germinação in vitro.

  12. Human metapneumovirus M2-2 protein inhibits innate immune response in monocyte-derived dendritic cells.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Junping Ren

    Full Text Available Human metapneumovirus (hMPV is a leading cause of lower respiratory infection in young children, the elderly and immunocompromised patients. Repeated hMPV infections occur throughout life. However, immune evasion mechanisms of hMPV infection are largely unknown. Recently, our group has demonstrated that hMPV M2-2 protein, an important virulence factor, contributes to immune evasion in airway epithelial cells by targeting the mitochondrial antiviral-signaling protein (MAVS. Whether M2-2 regulates the innate immunity in human dendritic cells (DC, an important family of immune cells controlling antigen presenting, is currently unknown. We found that human DC infected with a virus lacking M2-2 protein expression (rhMPV-ΔM2-2 produced higher levels of cytokines, chemokines and IFNs, compared to cells infected with wild-type virus (rhMPV-WT, suggesting that M2-2 protein inhibits innate immunity in human DC. In parallel, we found that myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 (MyD88, an essential adaptor for Toll-like receptors (TLRs, plays a critical role in inducing immune response of human DC, as downregulation of MyD88 by siRNA blocked the induction of immune regulatory molecules by hMPV. Since M2-2 is a cytoplasmic protein, we investigated whether M2-2 interferes with MyD88-mediated antiviral signaling. We found that indeed M2-2 protein associated with MyD88 and inhibited MyD88-dependent gene transcription. In this study, we also identified the domains of M2-2 responsible for its immune inhibitory function in human DC. In summary, our results demonstrate that M2-2 contributes to hMPV immune evasion by inhibiting MyD88-dependent cellular responses in human DC.

  13. Prevalencia de neuropatía autonómica cardiovascular en pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 de un hospital general.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ray Ticse Aguirre

    2007-07-01

    Full Text Available Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia de la neuropatía autonómica cardiovascular (NACV en pacientes con diabetes tipo 2, que acuden de manera regular al consultorio del servicio de Endocrinología del Hospital Nacional Cayetano Heredia (HNCH y los factores que se asocian a su presentación. Material y Métodos: Ingresaron 81 pacientes que cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión y exclusión. Se aplicaron cuatro pruebas para el diagnóstico de NACV, según el consenso de San Antonio sobre Neuropatía Diabética: Test de Valsalva, razón 30/15, hipotensión ortostática y variación de la frecuencia cardiaca. Además se tomaron datos demográficos, metabólicos, patológicos y de complicaciones por la diabetes. Se aplicó el test MDNS (Michigan Diabetic Neuropatic Score y electromiografía para el diagnóstico de neuropatía periférica. Se dividió en dos grupos según la presencia o no de NACV y se buscó diferencias. Resultados: El grupo de pacientes con NACV presentó mayor tiempo de enfermedad (10,36 ± 6,88 vs 6,32 ± 6,75; p=0,008, mayores niveles de glicemia en ayunas (160,55 ± 54,78 vs 120,63 ± 43,68; p=0,001 y de hemoglobina glicosilada (10,47 ± 2,06 vs 9,30 ± 2,14; p=0,013. No se halló diferencias significativas en las demás variables. Conclusiones: La frecuencia de de NACV en pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 del HNCH es de 41,47%. Se asocia a niveles altos de glucosa en ayunas, hemoglobina glicosilada.y mayor tiempo de enfermedad. (Rev Med Hered 2007;18:129-135.

  14. Long non-coding RNA cox-2 prevents immune evasion and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma by altering M1/M2 macrophage polarization.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ye, Yibiao; Xu, Yunxiuxiu; Lai, Yu; He, Wenguang; Li, Yanshan; Wang, Ruomei; Luo, Xinxi; Chen, Rufu; Chen, Tao

    2018-03-01

    Macrophages have been shown to demonstrate a high level of plasticity, with the ability to undergo dynamic transition between M1 and M2 polarized phenotypes. We investigate long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) cox-2 in macrophage polarization and the regulatory mechanism functions in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was used to induce RAW264.7 macrophages into M1 type, and IL-4 was to induce RAW264.7 macrophages into M2 type. We selected mouse hepatic cell line Hepal-6 and hepatoma cell line HepG2 for co-incubation with M1 or M2 macrophages. Quantitative real-time PCR was used to detect the expressions of lncRNA cox-2 and mRNAs. ELISA was conducted for testing IL-12 and IL-10 expressions; Western blotting for epithelial mesenchymal transition related factors (E-cadherin and Vimentin). An MTT, colony formation assay, flow cytometry, transwell assay, and stretch test were conducted to test cell abilities. The M1 macrophages had higher lncRNA cox-2 expression than that in the non-polarized macrophages and M2 macrophages. The lncRNA cox-2 siRNA decreased the expression levels of IL-12, iNOS, and TNF-α in M1 macrophages, increased the expression levels of IL-10, Arg-1, and Fizz-1 in M2 macrophages (all P evasion and tumor growth by inhibiting the polarization of M2 macrophages. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

  15. Synthesis and characterization of sodium cation-conducting Nax(MyL1-yO2 (M = Ni2+, Fe3+; L = Ti4+, Sb5+

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Marques, F. M. B.

    2004-06-01

    Full Text Available The Na+-conducting ceramics of layered Na0.8Ni0.4Ti0.6O2, Na0.8Fe0.8Ti0.2O2, Na0.8Ni0.6Sb0.4O2 (structural type O3 and Na0.68Ni0.34Ti0.66O2 (P2 type with density higher than 91% were prepared via the standard solid-state synthesis route and characterized by the impedance spectroscopy, thermal analysis, scanning electron microscopy, structure refinement using X-ray powder diffraction data, measurements of Na+ concentration cell e.m.f., and dilatometry. The conductivity of antimonate Na0.8Ni0.6Sb0.4O2, synthesized first time, was found lower than that of isostructural Na0.8Ni0.4Ti0.6O2 due to larger ion jump distance between Na+ sites. At temperatures above 420 K, transport properties of sodium cationconducting materials are essentially independent of partial water vapor pressure. In the low-temperature range, the conductivity reversibly increases with water vapor pressure varied in the range from approximately 0 (dry air up to 0.46 atm. The sensitivity to air humidity is influenced by the ceramic microstructure, being favored by increasing boundary area. The average thermal expansion coefficients of layered materials at 300-1173 K are in the range (13.7-16.0×10-6 K-1.Se han preparado cerámicas conductoras conteniendo Na+ de composición Na0.8Ni0.4Ti0.6O2, Na0.8Fe0.8Ti0.2O2, Na0.8Ni0.6Sb0.4O2 (tipo estructural O3 y Na0.68Ni0.34Ti0.66O2 (tipo P2 con densidad mayor del 91%. Las vía de preparación fu la ruta de estandard de síntesis en estado sólido. Las composiciones se caracterizaron mediante espectroscopía de impedancia, análisis térmico, microscopía electrónica de barrido, refinamiento de la estructura usando datos de difracción de rayos X en polvo, medidas de concentración de Na+, f.e.m. de la célula y dilatometría. La conductividad del antimoniate, sintetizado por primera vez, Na0.8Ni0.6Sb0.4O2, era menor que la del compuesto isoestructural Na0.8Ni0.4Ti0.6O2 debido a la mayor distancia de salto iónico entre las posiciones de Na

  16. Estilo de vida actual de los pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    María Mercedes Ramírez-Ordoñez

    2011-12-01

    Full Text Available Se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal con el objetivo principal de determinar el estilo de vida actual de los pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2. Para la recolección de la información se utilizó el cuestionario IMEVID1. La población está conformada por 60 pacientes inscritos al programa de diabetes e hipertensión de una Institución Promotora de Salud (IPS de I nivel; como muestra se tuvo en cuenta 30 pacientes que asistieron sin falta al control de la diabetes a los cuales se les aplicó el instrumento. Las variables utilizadas son nutrición, actividad física, consumo de tabaco, consumo de alcohol, información sobre la diabetes, emociones, adherencia terapéutica y estilos de vida. Se concluye que con relación a la edad de los pacientes encuestados se obtiene que estos se encuentran entre dos etapas muy importantes del ciclo vital humano, adultez media y adultez tardía; el 80% de los pacientes encuestados presentaron prácticas de estilos de vida saludables, el cual ayuda a prevenir complicaciones con relación a su patología obteniendo de esta manera un mejor bienestar durante su vida y la evolución de la enfermedad.

  17. Patologie da Porcine Circovirus tipo 2 (PCV2) nel suino

    OpenAIRE

    Fusaro, Laura

    2011-01-01

    The main work involved the PMWS (Post-weaning multisystemic Wasting Syndrome), caused by PCV-2 (Porcine Circovirus type 2) that involved post-weaned pigs. Merial Italy has funded a study activity in which groups of 3-5 animals were sampled for lungs, tracheo-bronchial and superficial inguinal lymph nodes, ileum and tonsils. The protocol applied can be identified as a more diagnostic potential on the individual than on the group. PNP. Another investigation has been conducted to study prolif...

  18. Estudio observacional prospectivo con insulina detemir en pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 mal controlados que inician por primer vez tratamiento con insulina (estudio SOLVE

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Domingo Orozco-Beltrán

    2016-02-01

    Conclusiones: En esta cohorte de pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 recientemente insulinizados, la insulina detemir (una vez al día mejoró el control glucémico, con baja incidencia de hipoglucemia y una reducción significativa del peso.

  19. Electronic Structure and Bonding Situation in M2O2 (M=Be,Mg,Ca) Rhombic Clusters.

    Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

    Li, W.-L.; Lu, J.-B.; Zhao, L.; Ponec, Robert; Cooper, D.L.; Li, J.; Frenking, G.

    Roč. 122, č. 10 ( 2018 ), s. 2816-2822 ISSN 1089-5639 Grant - others:NNSFCH(CN) 21590792; NNSFCH(CN) 21433005; NNSFCH(CN) 21703099; JPY NSF(CN) BK20170964; NTU(CN) 39837123 Institutional support: RVO:67985858 Keywords : electronic structures * M2O2n clustery * theoretical isnights Subject RIV: CF - Physical ; Theoretical Chemistry OBOR OECD: Physical chemistry Impact factor: 2.847, year: 2016

  20. Condições de saúde de pacientes com diabetes mellitus tipo 2 cadastrados na Estratégia Saúde da Família, em Ijuí, Rio Grande do Sul, 2010-2013

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Eliane Roseli Winkelmann

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: descrever as condições de saúde de pacientes com diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM2 com idade <75 anos, cadastrados na Estratégia Saúde da Família da área urbana do município de Ijuí-RS, Brasil, em 2010-2013. MÉTODOS: estudo descritivo de tipo série de casos; foram estudadas características sociodemográficas, condições de saúde, hábitos de vida e alimentares, complicações possivelmente associadas a DM2, antropometria, capacidade funcional, qualidade de vida e exames bioquímicos. RESULTADOS: dos 219 pacientes, 64,8% eram mulheres com idade média de 61,4 anos; hipertensão arterial (74,9% e alterações visuais (63,1% foram a comorbidade e a complicação mais prevalentes, respectivamente; antidiabéticos e antihipertensivos (69,9% foram os medicamentos mais prescritos; o desempenho na avaliação funcional e na qualidade de vida foi adequado, exceto na força expiratória; 36,5% dos homens e 56,8% das mulheres apresentavam triglicerídeos elevados; 40,0% das mulheres apresentavam glicose elevada. CONCLUSÃO: as prevalências de comorbidades e complicações associadas ao DM2 foram elevadas.

  1. Qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde de pessoas com diabetes mellitus tipo 2

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Loisláyne Barros Leal

    2014-01-01

    Full Text Available El objetivo fue evaluar la Calidad de Vida Relacionada a la Salud de personas con Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2. Investigación transversal, realizada con 100 diabéticos. La recolección de datos se llevó a cabo entre marzo y abril de 2012, en dos equipos de la Estrategia Salud de la Familia de Picos, PI, Brasil, a través de entrevista individual. Se aplicó formulario con variables socioeconómicas, clínicas y el Medical Outcomes Study 36 – Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36. El promedio entre los componentes del SF-36 osciló de 34,8 (Aspectos físicos a 72,0 (Salud mental. Hubo asociación estadísticamente significativa del dolor y la capacidad funcional con el sexo, así como de la capacidad funcional y los aspectos emocionales con la actividad física (p <0,05. En conclusión, los participantes presentaron mejor evaluación en la calidad de vida en las dimensiones que integran el componente mental.

  2. Detecção de Citomegalovírus Humano e Herpesvírus Simples tipo 2 em amostras cervicais Detection of Human Cytomegalovirus and Herpes Simplex Virus type 2 in cervical sample

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Danielle Albuquerque Pires Rocha

    2012-11-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Testar a presença de DNA de Citomegalovírus Humano (HCMV e Herpesvírus Simples tipo 2 (HSV-2 em amostras cervicais de mulheres atendidas em um serviço de atenção primária à saúde no município de Coari, Amazonas, Brasil. MÉTODOS: Participaram deste estudo 361 mulheres sexualmente ativas, variando entre 18 e 78 anos, atendidas em Unidades Básicas de Saúde para exame ginecológico de rotina. As amostras cervicais foram coletadas por meio de escova endocervical. A detecção dos vírus deu-se por meio de Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase (PCR em tempo real. RESULTADOS: A média de idade das mulheres participantes foi de 36,4 anos (desvio-padrão (DP=13,4. Foi encontrado DNA de HCMV em amostras cervicais de 30 mulheres (8,3%; IC95% 5,8 - 11,8 e de HSV-2 em 2 mulheres (0,6%; IC95% 0,1 - 2,2. Duas mulheres relataram ser portadoras do HIV, estando uma delas infectada com o HCMV. Não foram encontradas associações estatisticamente significativas entre a infecção pelos patógenos estudados e as variáveis socioeconômicas, clínicas e comportamentais. CONCLUSÕES: A prevalência de infecção pelo HCMV encontrada na amostra estudada chama a atenção para a necessidade do rastreio desse vírus na gestação e da vigilância nos pacientes imunocomprometidos. A baixa prevalência do HSV-2 deve-se provavelmente ao fato de a amostra cervical não ser adequada para este tipo de estudo por causa das características da biologia viral relacionadas à neurolatência.PURPOSE: To detect the presence of Human Cytomegalovirus (HCMV and Herpes Simplex Virus type 2 (HSV-2 DNA in cervical samples from women assisted in a primary health care clinic in the city of Coari, Amazonas, Brazil. METHODS: Participated in this study 361 sexually active women between 18 and 78 years. They were been assisted in a Basic Health Care Clinic for routine gynecological exam. The cervical samples were collected using endocervical brush. The viruses were detected

  3. Functional motifs responsible for human metapneumovirus M2-2-mediated innate immune evasion.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Chen, Yu; Deng, Xiaoling; Deng, Junfang; Zhou, Jiehua; Ren, Yuping; Liu, Shengxuan; Prusak, Deborah J; Wood, Thomas G; Bao, Xiaoyong

    2016-12-01

    Human metapneumovirus (hMPV) is a major cause of lower respiratory infection in young children. Repeated infections occur throughout life, but its immune evasion mechanisms are largely unknown. We recently found that hMPV M2-2 protein elicits immune evasion by targeting mitochondrial antiviral-signaling protein (MAVS), an antiviral signaling molecule. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying such inhibition are not known. Our mutagenesis studies revealed that PDZ-binding motifs, 29-DEMI-32 and 39-KEALSDGI-46, located in an immune inhibitory region of M2-2, are responsible for M2-2-mediated immune evasion. We also found both motifs prevent TRAF5 and TRAF6, the MAVS downstream adaptors, to be recruited to MAVS, while the motif 39-KEALSDGI-46 also blocks TRAF3 migrating to MAVS. In parallel, these TRAFs are important in activating transcription factors NF-kB and/or IRF-3 by hMPV. Our findings collectively demonstrate that M2-2 uses its PDZ motifs to launch the hMPV immune evasion through blocking the interaction of MAVS and its downstream TRAFs. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  4. ZMS regulation of M2 muscarinic receptor mRNA stability requires protein factor

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Zhang Yongfang; Xia Zongqin; Hu Ya'er

    2010-01-01

    Aim The aim of this work is to study the elevation mechanism of ZMS on muscarinic M2 receptor mRNA expression. Methods Actinomycin D was added to cultured CHOm2 cells to stop the de novo synthesis of M2 receptor mRNA and samples were taken at various times to determine the time course of mRNA of M2 receptor with real-time quantitative RT-PCR. Half-life of M2 receptor mRNA and the effect of ZMS on the half-life was obtained from the slope of the exponential curves. Cycloheximide was added at 4 h prior to and 24 h after the addition of ZMS to examine the effect of de novo protein synthesis on the action of ZMS. Results The half-life of m2 mRNA was prolonged by ZMS treatment without cycloheximide (4.75±0.54 h and 2.13 h±0.23 h for ZMS and vehicle treated groups, respectively, P<0.05). When cycloheximide was added to the culture medium 4h prior to the addition of ZMS, the effect of ZMS in prolonging the half-life of m2 mRNA disappeared (3.06 h±0.23 h and 3.00 h±l.20 h for cells with and without ZMS, respectively). However, when the ZMS was added to the medium 24h prior to the addition of cycloheximide, the action of ZMS was not abolished by cycloheximide (half-life was 5.43 h±1.13 h and 2.46 h±0.09 h for cells with and without ZMS, respectively). Conclusion These data suggest that de novo protein synthesis was required for the increase in M2 mRNA stability induced by ZMS. (authors)

  5. FLUTUAÇÃO POPULACIONAL DE Dione juno juno (Cramer, 1779 (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae EM MARACUJAZEIROS (Passiflora spp., MÉTODOS DE AMOSTRAGEM E RESISTÊNCIA DE GENÓTIPOS

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Boiça Júnior Arlindo Leal

    1999-01-01

    Full Text Available A pesquisa foi desenvolvida por um período de três anos (1991/94, em condições de campo, em Jaboticabal, SP, objetivando-se verificar a época do ano de maior ocorrência de Dione juno juno, avaliar métodos de amostragem e a resistência de genótipos de maracujazeiro (Passiflora spp. ao seu ataque. Utilizaram-se doze genótipos entre espécies e híbridos. Os levantamentos foram realizados quinzenalmente, anotando-se o número de lagartas, o número total de folhas e o número de folhas atacadas por 0,25 m2 , e também em 1,5 m linear de espaldeira. Os resultados mostraram que a ocorrência de D. juno juno foi maior no inverno, com pico populacional em julho, seguindo-se da primavera e o verão, com pico em dezembro. As amostragens do número de folhas atacadas por D. juno juno/0,25 m2 e porcentagem de folhas atacadas pelas lagartas/0,25 m2 foram mais adequadas para a avaliação da infestação de genótipos de maracujazeiro pela praga; os genótipos P. alata, P. setacea, P. coccinea, P. nitida, P. alata2 x P. macrocarpa não foram atacados pela praga e o P. edulis x P. setacea foi muito pouco atacado, enquanto P. cincinnata, P. edulis, P. edulis x P. alata, P. edulis x P. giberti e P. caerulea foram os mais infestados.

  6. Resistência de biótipos de arroz-vermelho aos herbicidas imazapyr + imazapic e alternativas de controle

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Rafael Salles Rubin

    2014-10-01

    Full Text Available O uso intenso de herbicidas com o mesmo mecanismo de ação na cultura do arroz (Oryza sativa L. tem selecionado biótipos resistentes, como, por exemplo, o arroz-vermelho (planta daninha resistente aos herbicidas imidazolinonas. Por essa razão, este trabalho foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de avaliar a resistência de arroz-vermelho ao herbicida imazapyr + imazapic, na região sul do Rio Grande do Sul, e o controle do biótipo resistente de arroz-vermelho com os herbicidas alternativos clethodim e glyphosate. Foram realizados três experimentos, em delineamento casualizado, arranjados em esquema fatorial. No primeiro experimento, o fator A testou biótipos de arroz-vermelho [ORYSA 184 (resistente e ORYSA 188 (susceptível], o fator B comparou herbicidas (imazapyr + imazapic, clethodim e glyphosate e o fator C avaliou doses dos herbicidas (0; 0,5; 1; 2; 4; 8; 16 e 32 vezes a dose recomendada. No segundo, compararam-se biótipos de arroz-vermelho e doses do herbicida imazapyr + imazapic (0; 0,5; 1; 2; 4; 8; 16; 32 e 64 vezes a dose recomendada. No terceiro, testaram-se biótipos de arroz-vermelho e doses diferentes do herbicida imazapyr + imazapic para cada biótipo. O biótipo ORYSA 184 é resistente ao imazapyr + imazapic, quando aplicada a dose máxima de registro e estádio indicado. Os herbicidas clethodim e glyphosate, detentores de mecanismos de ação alternativos, controlam o biótipo resistente ORYSA 184 de arroz-vermelho.

  7. Creencias, actitudes y normas subjetivas como predictores de la intención de realizar comportamientos preventivos en hijos de personas que padecen diabetes mellitus tipo 2

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Eduardo Muñoz Bautista

    2014-03-01

    Full Text Available Objetivo: Analizar los conocimientos, las actitudes y las normas subjetivas como predictores de la intención de realizar comportamientos preventivos en hijos de personas con diabetes mellitus tipo 2, en dos ciudades del estado de Hidalgo, México. Métodos: Se trata de um estudio cuantitativo, no experimental, de naturaleza analítica y transversal. A través de uma muestra probabilística de dos etapas, 246 hijos (entre 15 y 59 años de edad de pacientes apuntados en un programa de diabetes en el servicio de seguridad social fueron encuestados de manera personal. Resultados: Se observó que la reducción del riesgo de contraer diabetes afecta la intención de desarrollar comportamientos preventivos mediada por la actitud hacia la prevención (p=0,000 que es el predictor más importante de tal intención (p=0,000. Las normas subjetivas también tienen un impacto significativo en la intención del comportamiento preventivo (p=0,000, aunque la actitud hacia la prevención no es afectada por las creencias sobre la obtención (p=0,095 y la gravedad de la enfermedad (p=0,056. Conclusión: La aplicación del modelo permitió identificar aspectos relevantes para apoyar la promoción de la salud orientada a influir en los procesos de cambio de comportamiento social en uma población con el riesgo de contraer diabetes mellitus tipo 2 en México.

  8. Luminescence properties of red-emitting M2Si5N8:Eu2+ (M = Ca, Sr, Ba) LED conversion phosphors

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Li, Y.Q.; Steen, van J.E.J.; Krevel, van J.W.H.; Botty, G.; Delsing, A.C.A.; DiSalvo, F.J.; With, de G.; Hintzen, H.T.J.M.

    2006-01-01

    The influence of the type of the alkaline-earth ion and the Eu2+ concentration on the luminescence properties of Eu2+-doped M2Si5N8 (M = Ca, Sr, Ba) has been investigated. XRD analysis shows that Eu2+-doped Ca2Si5N8 forms a limited solid solution with a maximum solubility of about 7 mol% having a

  9. Holographic cosmology from a system of M2M5 branes

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Sepehri, Alireza; Faizal, Mir; Setare, Mohammad Reza; Ali, Ahmed Farag

    2016-01-01

    In this paper, we analyze the holographic cosmology using a M2M5 brane configuration. In this configuration, a M2-brane will be placed in between a M5-brane and an anti-M5-brane. The M2-brane will act as a channel for energy to flow from an anti-M5-brane to a M5-brane, and this will increase the degrees of freedom on the M5-brane causing inflation. The inflation will end when the M5-brane and anti-M5-brane get separated. However, at a later stage the distance between the M5-brane and the anti-M5-bran can reduce and this will cause the formation of tachyonic states. These tachyonic states will again open a bridge between the M5-branes and the anti-M5-branes, which will cause further acceleration of the universe.

  10. Holographic cosmology from a system of M2M5 branes

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Sepehri, Alireza, E-mail: alireza.sepehri@uk.ac.ir [Faculty of Physics, Shahid Bahonar University, P.O. Box 76175, Kerman (Iran, Islamic Republic of); Research Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics of Maragha (RIAAM), Maragha (Iran, Islamic Republic of); Faizal, Mir, E-mail: f2mir@uwaterloo.ca [Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1 (Canada); Setare, Mohammad Reza, E-mail: rezakord@ipm.ir [Department of Science, Campus of Bijar, University of Kurdistan, Bijar (Iran, Islamic Republic of); Ali, Ahmed Farag, E-mail: afali@fsu.edu [Department of Physics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306 (United States); Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Benha University, Benha 13518 (Egypt)

    2016-05-15

    In this paper, we analyze the holographic cosmology using a M2M5 brane configuration. In this configuration, a M2-brane will be placed in between a M5-brane and an anti-M5-brane. The M2-brane will act as a channel for energy to flow from an anti-M5-brane to a M5-brane, and this will increase the degrees of freedom on the M5-brane causing inflation. The inflation will end when the M5-brane and anti-M5-brane get separated. However, at a later stage the distance between the M5-brane and the anti-M5-bran can reduce and this will cause the formation of tachyonic states. These tachyonic states will again open a bridge between the M5-branes and the anti-M5-branes, which will cause further acceleration of the universe.

  11. Control of type 2 diabetes mellitus among general practitioners in private practice in nine countries of Latin America Control de la diabetes mellitus tipo 2 por médicos generales del sector privado en nueve países de América Latina

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Gloria Lopez Stewart

    2007-07-01

    édicos generales del sector privado la información sobre la atención y el control de sus pacientes de 18 a 75 años de edad con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DMT2, así como los datos demográficos, la historia clínica y de medicación, las pruebas de laboratorio e información sobre los retos relacionados con la atención del paciente. RESULTADOS: De los 3 592 cuestionarios de pacientes entregados por 377 médicos, 60% de los pacientes tenían antecedentes familiares de diabetes, 58% seguían una dieta inadecuada, 71% eran sedentarios y 79% presentaban obesidad o sobrepeso. Se observó un inadecuado control glucémico (glucemia en ayunas > 110 mg/dL en 78% de los pacientes. La proporción de pacientes con HbA1c 15 años. Tomado en cuenta las diferencias entre la atención sanitaria privada y la pública en América Latina, especialmente en lo concerniente a la calidad de la atención y el acceso a los medicamentos, se requieren estudios adicionales en el sector público. En general, se necesita un programa más eficiente e intensivo de control de la DMT2 y programas eficaces de educación de los pacientes, ajustados a las realidades de América Latina.

  12. Tyrosine 129 of the murine gammaherpesvirus M2 protein is critical for M2 function in vivo.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Rangaswamy, Udaya S; O'Flaherty, Brigid M; Speck, Samuel H

    2014-01-01

    A common strategy shared by all known gammaherpesviruses is their ability to establish a latent infection in lymphocytes--predominantly in B cells. In immunocompromised patients, such as transplant recipients or AIDS patients, gammaherpesvirus infections can lead to the development of lymphoproliferative disease and lymphoid malignancies. The human gamma-herpesviruses, EBV and KSHV, encode proteins that are capable of modulating the host immune signaling machinery, thereby subverting host immune responses. Murine gamma-herpesvirus 68 (MHV68) infection of laboratory strains of mice has proven to be useful small-animal model that shares important pathogenic strategies with the human gamma-herpesviruses. The MHV68 M2 protein is known to manipulate B cell signaling and, dependent on route and dose of virus inoculation, plays a role in both the establishment of latency and virus reactivation. M2 contains two tyrosines that are targets for phosphorylation, and have been shown to interact with the B cell signaling machinery. Here we describe in vitro and in vivo studies of M2 mutants which reveals that while both tyrosines Y120 and Y129 are required for M2 induction of IL-10 expression from primary murine B cells in vitro, only Y129 is critical for reactivation from latency and plasma cell differentiation in vivo.

  13. Tyrosine 129 of the murine gammaherpesvirus M2 protein is critical for M2 function in vivo.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Udaya S Rangaswamy

    Full Text Available A common strategy shared by all known gammaherpesviruses is their ability to establish a latent infection in lymphocytes--predominantly in B cells. In immunocompromised patients, such as transplant recipients or AIDS patients, gammaherpesvirus infections can lead to the development of lymphoproliferative disease and lymphoid malignancies. The human gamma-herpesviruses, EBV and KSHV, encode proteins that are capable of modulating the host immune signaling machinery, thereby subverting host immune responses. Murine gamma-herpesvirus 68 (MHV68 infection of laboratory strains of mice has proven to be useful small-animal model that shares important pathogenic strategies with the human gamma-herpesviruses. The MHV68 M2 protein is known to manipulate B cell signaling and, dependent on route and dose of virus inoculation, plays a role in both the establishment of latency and virus reactivation. M2 contains two tyrosines that are targets for phosphorylation, and have been shown to interact with the B cell signaling machinery. Here we describe in vitro and in vivo studies of M2 mutants which reveals that while both tyrosines Y120 and Y129 are required for M2 induction of IL-10 expression from primary murine B cells in vitro, only Y129 is critical for reactivation from latency and plasma cell differentiation in vivo.

  14. Reexamination of M2,3 atomic level widths and L1M2,3 transition energies of elements 69≤Z≤95

    Science.gov (United States)

    Fennane, K.; Berset, M.; Dousse, J.-Cl.; Hoszowska, J.; Raboud, P.-A.; Campbell, J. L.

    2013-11-01

    We report on high-resolution measurements of the photoinduced L1M2 and L1M3 x-ray emission lines of 69Tm, 70Yb, 71Lu, 73Ta, 74W, 75Re, 77Ir, 81Tl, 83Bi, and 95Am. From the linewidths of the measured transitions an accurate set of M2 and M3 level widths is determined assuming for the L1 level widths the values reported by Raboud [P.-A. Raboud et al., Phys. Rev. APLRAAN1050-294710.1103/PhysRevA.65.022512 65, 022512 (2002)]. Furthermore, the present experimental M2,3 data set is extended to 80Hg, 90Th, and 92U, using former L1M2,3 high-resolution x-ray emission spectroscopy measurements performed by our group. A detailed comparison of the M2 and M3 level widths determined in the present work with those recommended by Campbell and Papp [J. L. Campbell and T. Papp, At. Data Nucl. Data TablesADNDAT0092-640X10.1006/adnd.2000.0848 77, 1 (2001)] and other available experimental data as well as theoretical predictions is done. The observed abrupt changes of the M2,3 level widths versus atomic number Z can be explained satisfactorily by the cutoffs and onsets of the M2M4N1, respectively M3M4N3,4,5 and M3M5N2,3 Coster-Kronig transitions deduced from the semiempirical (Z+1) approximation. As a spin-off result of this study, precise L1M2 and L1M3 transition energies are obtained for the investigated elements. A very good agreement with transition energies calculated within the many-body perturbation theory is found.

  15. Magellan/M2FS Spectroscopy of the Reticulum 2 Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxy

    Science.gov (United States)

    Walker, Matthew G.; Mateo, Mario; Olszewski, Edward W.; Bailey, John I., III; Koposov, Sergey E.; Belokurov, Vasily; Evans, N. Wyn

    2015-08-01

    We present results from spectroscopic observations with the Michigan/Magellan Fiber System (M2FS) of 182 stellar targets along the line of sight (LOS) to the newly discovered “ultrafaint” object Reticulum 2 (Ret 2). For 37 of these targets, the spectra are sufficient to provide simultaneous estimates of LOS velocity ({v}{los}, median random error {δ }{v{los}}=1.4 km s-1), effective temperature ({T}{eff}, {δ }{T{eff}}=478 K), surface gravity ({log}g, {δ }{logg}=0.63 dex), and iron abundance ([{Fe}/{{H}}], {δ }[{Fe/{{H}}]}=0.47 dex). We use these results to confirm 17 stars as members of Ret 2. From the member sample we estimate a velocity dispersion of {σ }{v{los}}= {3.6}-0.7+1.0 km s-1 about a mean of = {64.3}-1.2+1.2 km s-1 in the solar rest frame (˜ -90.9 km s-1 in the Galactic rest frame), and a metallicity dispersion of {σ }[{Fe/{{H}}]} = {0.49}-0.14+0.19 dex about a mean of = -{2.58}-0.33+0.34. These estimates marginalize over possible velocity and metallicity gradients, which are consistent with zero. Our results place Ret 2 on chemodynamical scaling relations followed by the Milky Way’s dwarf-galactic satellites. Under assumptions of dynamic equilibrium and negligible contamination from binary stars—both of which must be checked with deeper imaging and repeat spectroscopic observations—the estimated velocity dispersion suggests a dynamical mass of M({R}{{h}})≈ 5{R}{{h}}{σ }{v{los}}{}2/(2G) = {2.4}-0.8+1.4× {10}5 {M}⊙ enclosed within projected halflight radius {R}{{h}}˜ 32 pc, with mass-to-light ratio ≈ 2M({R}{{h}})/{L}V = {467}-168+286 in solar units. This paper presents data gathered with the Magellan Telescopes at Las Campanas Observatory, Chile.

  16. Interrelación dialéctica entre lo biológico y social en relación con factores de riesgo cardiovasculares en pacientes diabéticos obeso Tipo 2

    OpenAIRE

    Socarrás Súarez, María Matilde; Amaro Cano, María del Carmen; Blanco Anesto, Jorge

    2002-01-01

    Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica sobre el fenómeno de la interrelación dialéctica entre lo biológico y lo social en el caso de factores de riesgo cardiovasculares, en pacientes diabéticos tipo 2 obesos. Ha sido considerado el envejecimiento, expresado en el incremento cada vez mayor de personas con edad de más de 60 años, el cual está determinando sobre la prevalencia de la enfermedad. Los factores sociales como hábitos de vida, hábitos alimentarios y estilos de vida, determinan, en últi...

  17. Atividade de três drogas antivirais sobre os herpesvírus bovino tipos 1, 2 e 5 em cultivo celular Activity of three antiviral drugs against bovine herpesviruses 1, 2 and 5 in cell culture

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Renata Dezengrini

    2010-10-01

    Full Text Available A atividade de três fármacos antivirais (Aciclovir [ACV], Ganciclovir [GCV] e Foscarnet [PFA] foi testada in vitro frente aos herpesvírus bovino tipos 1 (BoHV-1, 2 (BoHV-2 e 5 (BoHV-5. Para isso, utilizou-se o teste de reducao de placas virais em cultivo celular, testando-se diferentes concentracoes dos farmacos frente a 100 doses infectantes para 50% dos cultivos celulares (DICC50 dos respectivos virus. Pelo teste de MTT (3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol- 2-yl-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide, verificou-se que concentracoes inferiores a 200ƒÊg/mL dos tres antivirais resultaram em indices de viabilidade de celulas MDBK e Hep2 superiores a 80%. Com base na concentracao citotoxica para 50% das celulas (CC50 e na concentracao dos farmacos efetiva para inibir em 50% o numero de placas virais (EC50, calculou-se o indice de seletividade (IS dos antivirais para os tres herpesvirus. Assim, o ACV demonstrou ser moderadamente ativo frente ao BoHV-1 (EC50: 112,9ƒÊg/mL e IS: 4,5, ao BoHV-2 (EC50: 114,2 ƒÊg/mL e IS: 4,5 e BoHV-5 (EC50: 96,9ƒÊg/mL e IS: 5,3. O GCV apresentou atividade moderada frente ao BoHV-2 (EC50: 33,5ƒÊg/mL e IS: 16,6 e, em menor grau, contra o BoHV-5 (EC50: 123,2ƒÊg/mL e IS: 4,5, sendo ineficaz frente ao BoHV-1 (EC50: 335,8ƒÊg/mL e IS: 1,7. O PFA apresentou atividade antiviral mais pronunciada, sendo o unico farmaco que, na concentracao de 100ƒÊg/mL, inibiu completamente a producao de placas pelos tres virus testados. O PFA foi o mais efetivo in vitro frente ao BoHV-1 (EC50: 29,5ƒÊg/mL e IS: 42,2, ao BoHV-2 (EC50: 45,2ƒÊg/mL e IS: 27,6 e ao BoHV-5 (EC50: 7,8ƒÊg/mL e IS: 160,6. Portanto, os resultados obtidos indicam que o PFA pode se constituir em um candidato para terapia experimental de infeccoes pelos herpesvirus de bovinos in vivo.The activity of three anti-herpetic drugs (Acyclovir [ACV], Gancyclovir [GCV] and Foscarnet [PFA] was tested against bovine herpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1, 2 (BoHV-2 and 5 (BoHV-5 in vitro using the

  18. Genetic diversity of the VP1/VP2 gene of canine parvovirus type 2b amplified from clinical specimens in Brazil Diversidade genética no gene VP1/VP2 do parvovirus canino tipo 2b amplificado de material clínico no Brasil

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Cesar A. D. Pereira

    2000-10-01

    Full Text Available We evaluated the genetic diversity in the VP1/VP2 gene of CPV type 2b isolates from symptomatic dogs in Brazil. A total of 21 isolates collected from 1990 through 1995 previously typed as CPV2b by PCR assay were studied. Overall we found a high degree of similarity among sequences from different CPV clinical isolates collected. Genetic analysis of this selected region gave no indication of a specific Brazilian parvovirus lineage.Neste estudo foi avaliada a diversidade genética no gene VP1/VP2 do parvovírus canino tipo 2b a partir de amostras isoladas de cães sintomáticos no Brasil. Foram estudadas 21 amostras coletadas no período de 1990 à 1995, previamente caracterizadas como CPV 2b pela técnica de PCR. Observou-se alto grau de similaridade entre as seqüências estudadas e a análise genética da região selecionada não indicou a presença de uma linhagem brasileira específica.

  19. The challenges of M2M massive access in wireless cellular networks

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Andrea Biral

    2015-02-01

    Full Text Available The next generation of communication systems, which is commonly referred to as 5G, is expected to support, besides the traditional voice and data services, new communication paradigms, such as Internet of Things (IoT and Machine-to-Machine (M2M services, which involve communication between Machine-Type Devices (MTDs in a fully automated fashion, thus, without or with minimal human intervention. Although the general requirements of 5G systems are progressively taking shape, the technological issues raised by such a vision are still partially unclear. Nonetheless, general consensus has been reached upon some specific challenges, such as the need for 5G wireless access networks to support massive access by MTDs, as a consequence of the proliferation of M2M services. In this paper, we describe the main challenges raised by the M2M vision, focusing in particular on the problems related to the support of massive MTD access in current cellular communication systems. Then we analyze the most common approaches proposed in the literature to enable the coexistence of conventional and M2M services in the current and next generation of cellular wireless systems. We finally conclude by pointing out the research challenges that require further investigation in order to provide full support to the M2M paradigm.

  20. Comparison of monoclonal antibodies and rabbit antisera in B2 microglobulin (B2m) radioimmunoassay

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Vincent, C.

    1981-01-01

    Human B2m is a globular protein devoid of carbohydrates and is composed of 100 aminoacids with an intrachain disulfide bridge in position 25-81. Its aminoacid sequence and three dimensional structure shows a partial homology with the constant domains of immunoglobulins. B2m has been detected at the surface of nearly all cell types with the exception of erythrocytes and trophoblastic cells and also in all biological fluids. On the cell surface B2m is found non-covalently associated with HLA molecules, and in serum and urine only a small part of the B2m is associated with HLA heavy chain, the remaining is found as free B2m. The aim of this paper is firstly to try to demonstrate the presence of two types of epitopes one of them specific of free B2m and secondly to compare monoclonal antibodies with rabbit antisera for B2m radioimmunoassay. (Auth.)

  1. Avaliação da fotoluminescência do TiO 2 sintetizado pelo método Pechini

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    D. S. Araújo

    Full Text Available Resumo Um material que se destaca para uso em várias aplicações é o dióxido de titânio (TiO2, devido principalmente às suas propriedades de estabilidade térmica e química e as suas excelentes propriedades ópticas. Porém, estas propriedades são dependentes do tipo de fase e da característica morfológica, o que está diretamente relacionado com o método de processamento do TiO2. Desta forma, este trabalho propôs sintetizar nanopartículas de TiO2 pelo método Pechini com diferentes fases e avaliar a influência dessas fases nas propriedades fotoluminescentes do TiO2. Para este fim, as proporções estequiométricas molares entre ácido cítrico:cátions metálicos de 1:1, 2:1, 3:1, 4:1 e 5:1 foram investigadas. As nanopartículas foram caracterizadas por difração de raios X (DRX, espectroscopia de infravermelho, análise de textura, microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV, espectroscopia de excitação e emissão e determinação da banda proibida (band gap por espectroscopia de refletância difusa. Foi confirmada a presença de duas fases, anatásio e rutilo, por DRX em diversas proporções para cada amostra; por MEV observou-se que os tamanhos de aglomerados aumentaram com a relação entre ácido cítrico:cátions metálicos. Com relação à fotoluminescência, observou-se que a intensidade máxima no espectro de emissão ocorreu no comprimento de onda de 533 nm para a amostra 3:1 e a intensidade máxima no espectro de excitação ocorreu na amostra 2:1 em comprimento de onda de 451 nm.

  2. Adesão de pessoas com diabetes mellitus tipo 2 ao tratamento medicamentoso

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Lilian Cristiane Gomes-Villas Boas

    2014-04-01

    Full Text Available Estudo seccional de abordagem quantitativa que objetivou avaliar a adesão ao tratamento medicamentoso entre pessoas com diabetes mellitus, e sua relação com variáveis clínicas, de tratamento e controle metabólico. A amostra constituiu-se de 162 pessoas com diabetes mellitus tipo 2 em seguimento ambulatorial. Para a coleta dos dados, foram utilizadas a Medida de Adesão aos Tratamentos e a consulta aos prontuários dos participantes. Obteve-se elevada adesão ao tratamento medicamentoso. Para um p<0,05, obteve-se correlação inversa com a pressão arterial diastólica e correlação direta com a frequência diária de administração de insulina e de antidiabéticos orais. Não houve correlações estatisticamente significantes entre adesão e variáveis de controle metabólico. Os resultados divergem da literatura no que se refere à taxa de adesão ao tratamento medicamentoso em doenças crônicas, bem como na correlação entre adesão e complexidade do regime medicamentoso, o que aponta para a necessidade de mais estudos sobre essa temática.

  3. SISTEMA DE CROMOSSOMOS SEXUAIS MÚLTIPLOS X1X1X2X2/X1X2Y NA MOSCA-DAS-FRUTAS Anastrepha sororcula (DIPTERA: TEPHRITIDAE

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Inês Regina de Araújo Moura Cunha

    2014-08-01

    Full Text Available Sistemas de cromossomos sexuais simples estão difundidos entre os Tephritidae do gênero Anastrepha. Espécies deste gênero apresentam enorme importância pelo impacto que causam em frutíferas cultivadas, sobretudo no nordeste do Brasil. Análises citogenéticas desenvolvidas em Anastrepha sororcula, através da análise da estrutura cariotípica e bandamento C revelaram a presença de um sistema de cromossomos sexuais múltiplos do tipo X1X1X2X2/X1X2Y nesta espécie. Enquanto as fêmeas apresentam um cariótipo homomórfico com 2n=12, os machos possuem 2n=11, onde se destaca um grande cromossomo Y despareado. O nível de divergência cariotípica da espécie A. sororcula do nordeste, com a presença de um sistema de cromossomos sexuais múltiplos, em relação às regiões central e sudeste do Brasil, podem indicar a ocorrência de impedimentos reprodutivos entre os exemplares das duas áreas e que possivelmente, como outros exemplos que existem neste gênero, A. sororcula constitua um complexo de espécies ainda não inteiramente definido. Palavras-chave: Alossomos, peste agrícola, citogenética de insetos, heterocromatina. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.18561/2179-5746/biotaamazonia.v4n2p1-4

  4. Ab initio study of M2AlN (M = Ti,V,Cr)

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Sun, Zhimei; Music, Denis; Ahuja, Rajeev; Schneider, Jochen M

    2005-01-01

    We have studied M 2 AlN phases, where M = Ti, V, and Cr, by means of ab initio total energy calculations. The bulk modulus of M 2 AlN increases as Ti is replaced with V and Cr by 19.0% and 26.5%, respectively, which can be understood on the basis of the increased number of valence electrons filling the p-d hybridized bonding states. The bulk modulus of M 2 AlN is generally higher than that of the corresponding M 2 AlC phase, which may be explained by an extra electron in the former phases contributing to stronger chemical bonding. This work is important for fundamental understanding of elastic properties of these ternary nitrides and may inspire future experimental research. (letter to the editor)

  5. Necrotic enterocolitis in pigs naturally infected by porcine circovirus type 2 Enterocolite necrótica em suínos naturalmente infectados por circovírus suíno tipo 2

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Priscila Zlotowski

    2009-09-01

    Full Text Available Samples of intestine with necrotic enteritis from 63 pigs naturally infected with porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2 were studied. Colon was the main target of PCV2 associated necrotic enteritis in 60 cases. Immunohistological investigations were carried out to detect the presence of PCV2 in necrotic lesions and to identify the type of cells infected by the virus. Crypt epithelial cells had positive labelling for PCV2 in 17 cases. Depletion of goblet cells occurred in 10 cases. In 24 necrotic enteritis cases, co-infection of PCV2 and Salmonella was identified. An increased rate of apoptosis in the crypt epithelial cells of the large intestine from PCV2 of naturally infected pigs was observed. Immunohistochemical findings confirmed the presence of PCV2 within cells from necrotic intestinal tissue, suggesting that PCV2 may play a role in the development of those lesions. Diagnosis of necrotic enteritis associated with PCV2 should be based on the detection of PCV2 antigen or DNA in the necrotizing lesions. However, bacteriological examination should be performed to rule out the presence of bacterial agents, since co-infections are likely to occur in PCV2 affected pigs.Foram selecionadas amostras intestinais com enterite necrótica de 63 suínos naturalmente infectados pelo circovírus suíno tipo 2 (PCV2. Enterite necrótica associada com PCV2 ocorreu principalmente no cólon, em 60 casos. Análise imuno-histoquímica foi realizada para identificar a presença de PCV2 em lesões necróticas e o tipo de células infectadas pelo vírus. Células epiteliais das criptas apresentaram marcação positiva para PCV2 em 17 casos. Depleção de células caliciformes ocorreu em 10 casos. Em 24 casos de enterite necrótica, observou-se co-infecção por PCV2 e Salmonella. Foi observado um aumento no índice de apoptose nas células das criptas do intestino grosso de suínos naturalmente infectados com PCV2. Os achados imuno-histoquímicos e histopatol

  6. Des-Lys58-beta 2m and native beta 2m in rheumatoid arthritis serum and synovial fluid

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Williams, R C; Malone, C C; Nissen, Mogens Holst

    1995-01-01

    -Lys58-beta 2m were found in 80% of 21 SF from RA patients and in 43% of 41 SF from other subjects with various forms of inflammatory arthritis. In RA and other disorders such as gout or pseudogout, levels of Des-Lys58-beta 2m were higher in synovial fluid than in serum during an acute episode...

  7. Características clínicas de la diabetes mellitus tipo 2 en el municipio de Güines: Año 2002 Clinical Characteristics of diabetes mellitus type 2 in the municipality of Guines in the year 2002.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Oscar Díaz Díaz

    2003-04-01

    Full Text Available Se realizó una investigación descriptiva, retrospectiva y de corte transversal con el objetivo de identificar las características clínicas de la diabetes mellitus tipo 2 en el municipio de Güines en el año 2002. El universo lo constituyeron 3 017 diabéticos tipo 2 registrados en el citado municipio en el año 2001 y la muestra 328 de estos casos, seleccionados a través de un muestreo complejo (estratificado en la primera etapa y por conglomerados en la segunda. Los resultados se procesaron estadísticamente (Programa SPSS, versión 10. La media de edad fue de 65,2 años. Existió malnutrición por exceso en 221 individuos (67,4 %; 111 eran hipertensos; de ellos solo 32 (28,8 % estaban controlados. La toma fortuita de tensión arterial realizada durante la investigación detectó cifras normales en solo 45 (49,5 % personas. De 217 diabéticos no dispensarizados como hipertensos, 63 (29,1 % tenían cifras elevadas en la citada medición fortuita. Las complicaciones crónicas más frecuentes fueron la polineuropatía periférica, la cardiopatía isquémica y la retinopatía diabética con 85 (25,9 %, 79 (24,1 % y 78 (23,8 % respectivamente; El control glucémico fue bueno o aceptable en 175 encuestados (53,0 % Existió alta frecuencia de diabéticos tipo 2 con descontrol glucémico entre los casos evaluados, así como subregistros en la información obtenida por historias clínicas ambulatorias, sobre todo en relación con complicaciones crónicas e hipertensión arterial.Retrospective descriptive cross-sectional research study was made to identify the clinical characteristics of diabetes mellitus type 2 in the municipality of Güines, Habana province, in the year 2002. The universe of study was made up of 3 017 type 2 diabetics, who had been registered in this municipality in 2001, whereas the sample was composed by 328 cases selected from a complex sampling process (stratified in the first stage and by conglomerates in the second phase

  8. AAg2M[VO4]2 (A=Ba,Sr; M=Co,Ni): A series of ferromagnetic insulators

    Science.gov (United States)

    Möller, Angela; Amuneke, Ngozi E.; Daniel, Phillip; Lorenz, Bernd; de la Cruz, Clarina R.; Gooch, Melissa; Chu, Paul C. W.

    2012-06-01

    AAg2M[VO4]2 with A=Sr2+ or Ba2+ present a series of layered compounds featuring a triangular lattice of transition metal cations, M = Co2+ or Ni2+, connected via nonmagnetic ortho-vanadates, which provide the magnetic superexchange within the layers. For this series of insulating compounds, ferromagnetic long-range order below 10 K is suggested by magnetization and specific heat measurements and confirmed by neutron diffraction experiments. We have investigated the impact of the spacer size of A2+ separating the layers leading to a tilting of the vanadates and consequently inducing a change in the effective magnetic correlations. Magnetization and specific heat measurements corroborate the important dependence of the magnetic superexchange on the orientation of the vanadates and the respective spin system. Furthermore, the ground state properties of the spin systems, S=1 (Ni2+) and S=3/2 (Co2+) in their respective octahedral coordination of oxygen, are evaluated. Calculated magnetic moments of the single ion complexes agree well with the magnetic structure. We, furthermore, report the dependence of Tc on applied isotropic pressure suggestive of a pressure effect on the effective ferromagnetic exchange coupling constants. In addition spectroscopic investigations probing the electronic structure of the [MO6] complexes and the vibrational structure of the [VO4] units are given.

  9. Qualidade de vida em adultos com diabetes tipo 1 e validade do DQOL-Brasil

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Fábio Brasil

    2014-01-01

    Full Text Available O objetivo deste estudo foi estabelecer validade de critério e construto, e também, avaliar qualitativamente a versão brasileira do Questionário de Medida da Qualidade de Vida em Diabetes (DQOL-Brasil, quando utilizado em pacientes adultos com diabete melito (DM tipo 1. O DQOL-Brasil foi autoadministrado a 150 indivíduos (63,3% mulheres com tempo diagnóstico médio de DM tipo 1 de 14,17 anos e na faixa etária de 18 a 56 anos. O escore médio obtido foi de 2,46 (IC 95% 2,35 - 2,56. Entre os itens, os melhores e piores escores foram obtidos nos domínios de impacto da doença e preocupações com o DM, respectivamente. O instrumento como um todo apresentou elevada consistência interna, alfa de Cronbach = 0,94. Constatou-se validade convergente ao se co-administrar o questionário genérico de avaliação da qualidade de vida: Perfil de Saúde de Nottingham. O DQOL-Brasil foi readministrado a 52 pacientes em um intervalo médio de 98,25 dias, e constatou-se reprodutibilidade aceitável, através de coeficientes de correlação intraclasse superiores a 0,7. Entretanto, a análise fatorial comprovou deficiências. Deste modo, o DQOL-Brasil é válido para medida da qualidade de vida em pacientes adultos com DM tipo 1 e útil para aplicação em pesquisas e comparações com dados internacionais. Porém, para a prática clínica, recomenda-se seleção criteriosa dos itens do instrumento que sejam mais relacionados às características específicas da enfermidade em brasileiros; uma seleção ponderada de itens provavelmente seria útil às versões do DQOL traduzidas e validadas em outras nações.

  10. Macrophage polarisation: an immunohistochemical approach for identifying M1 and M2 macrophages.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Mário Henrique M Barros

    Full Text Available Macrophage polarization is increasingly recognised as an important pathogenetic factor in inflammatory and neoplastic diseases. Proinflammatory M1 macrophages promote T helper (Th 1 responses and show tumoricidal activity. M2 macrophages contribute to tissue repair and promote Th2 responses. CD68 and CD163 are used to identify macrophages in tissue sections. However, characterisation of polarised macrophages in situ has remained difficult. Macrophage polarisation is regulated by transcription factors, pSTAT1 and RBP-J for M1, and CMAF for M2. We reasoned that double-labelling immunohistochemistry for the detection of macrophage markers together with transcription factors may be suitable to characterise macrophage polarisation in situ. To test this hypothesis, we have studied conditions associated with Th1- and Th2-predominant immune responses: infectious mononucleosis and Crohn's disease for Th1 and allergic nasal polyps, oxyuriasis, wound healing and foreign body granulomas for predominant Th2 response. In all situations, CD163+ cells usually outnumbered CD68+ cells. Moreover, CD163+ cells, usually considered as M2 macrophages, co-expressing pSTAT1 and RBP-J were found in all conditions examined. The numbers of putative M1 macrophages were higher in Th1- than in Th2-associated diseases, while more M2 macrophages were seen in Th2- than in Th1 related disorders. In most Th1-related diseases, the balance of M1 over M2 cells was shifted towards M1 cells, while the reverse was observed for Th2-related conditions. Hierarchical cluster analysis revealed two distinct clusters: cluster I included Th1 diseases together with cases with high numbers of CD163+pSTAT1+, CD68+pSTAT1+, CD163+RBP-J+ and CD68+RBP-J+ macrophages; cluster II comprised Th2 conditions together with cases displaying high numbers of CD163+CMAF+ and CD68+CMAF+ macrophages. These results suggest that the detection of pSTAT1, RBP-J, and CMAF in the context of CD68 or CD163 expression is a

  11. Macrophage polarisation: an immunohistochemical approach for identifying M1 and M2 macrophages.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Barros, Mário Henrique M; Hauck, Franziska; Dreyer, Johannes H; Kempkes, Bettina; Niedobitek, Gerald

    2013-01-01

    Macrophage polarization is increasingly recognised as an important pathogenetic factor in inflammatory and neoplastic diseases. Proinflammatory M1 macrophages promote T helper (Th) 1 responses and show tumoricidal activity. M2 macrophages contribute to tissue repair and promote Th2 responses. CD68 and CD163 are used to identify macrophages in tissue sections. However, characterisation of polarised macrophages in situ has remained difficult. Macrophage polarisation is regulated by transcription factors, pSTAT1 and RBP-J for M1, and CMAF for M2. We reasoned that double-labelling immunohistochemistry for the detection of macrophage markers together with transcription factors may be suitable to characterise macrophage polarisation in situ. To test this hypothesis, we have studied conditions associated with Th1- and Th2-predominant immune responses: infectious mononucleosis and Crohn's disease for Th1 and allergic nasal polyps, oxyuriasis, wound healing and foreign body granulomas for predominant Th2 response. In all situations, CD163+ cells usually outnumbered CD68+ cells. Moreover, CD163+ cells, usually considered as M2 macrophages, co-expressing pSTAT1 and RBP-J were found in all conditions examined. The numbers of putative M1 macrophages were higher in Th1- than in Th2-associated diseases, while more M2 macrophages were seen in Th2- than in Th1 related disorders. In most Th1-related diseases, the balance of M1 over M2 cells was shifted towards M1 cells, while the reverse was observed for Th2-related conditions. Hierarchical cluster analysis revealed two distinct clusters: cluster I included Th1 diseases together with cases with high numbers of CD163+pSTAT1+, CD68+pSTAT1+, CD163+RBP-J+ and CD68+RBP-J+ macrophages; cluster II comprised Th2 conditions together with cases displaying high numbers of CD163+CMAF+ and CD68+CMAF+ macrophages. These results suggest that the detection of pSTAT1, RBP-J, and CMAF in the context of CD68 or CD163 expression is a suitable tool for

  12. 26 CFR 1.401(m)-2 - ACP test.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-04-01

    ... 26 Internal Revenue 5 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false ACP test. 1.401(m)-2 Section 1.401(m)-2 Internal... TAXES Pension, Profit-Sharing, Stock Bonus Plans, Etc. § 1.401(m)-2 ACP test. (a) Actual contribution percentage (ACP) test—(1) In general—(i) ACP test formula. A plan satisfies the ACP test for a plan year only...

  13. Efeito de planos alimentares e de treino nos perfis glicémico e lipídico em idosos diabéticos tipo 2: revisão sistemática

    OpenAIRE

    Barreira, Eduarda; Novo, André; Vaz, Josiana A.; Pereira, Ana Maria Geraldes Rodrigues

    2016-01-01

    A diabetes tipo 2 é uma patologia crónica com grande impacto a nível mundial particularmente na população idosa. Estima-se que o número de diabéticos tipo 2 aumente consideravelmente nas próximas décadas devido ao envelhecimento da população, obesidade, alimentação inadequada e inatividade física. A promoção de uma alimentação saudável e a prática de atividade física têm demonstrado ser fundamentais no controlo e manutenção da glicémia e perfil lipídico. Objetivos: Verificar o impacto da i...

  14. Dominio cultural del autocuidado en diabeticos tipo 2 con y sin control glucémico en México Domínio cultural do autocuidado em pacientes com diabetes tipo 2 com e sem controle glicêmico no México Cultural domain of self-care in type 2 diabetes patients with and without blood glucose control in Mexico

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ana L Salcedo-Rocha

    2008-04-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Analisar los principales elementos relacionados con el dominio cultural del autocuidado de la salud, entre pacientes con diabetes tipo 2 con y sin controle glucémico. MÉTODOS: Estudio descriptivo en 57 diabéticos controlados y 76 sin control glucémico, con promedio de 60 años de edad en una clínica del Seguro Social en México en 2003. Se aplicaron técnicas de antropología cognitiva de listas libres y cuestionario estructurado para obtener modelo semántico y promedio de conocimiento cultural a seis preguntas sobre su padecimiento por análisis de consenso. RESULTADOS: Los datos sociodemográficos de ambos grupos no mostraron diferencias significativas. Todos los modelos de respuesta comparados presentaron estructuras semánticas similares, con excepción a: "Qué se entiende como ejercicio" (pOBJETIVO: Analisar os principais elementos relacionados ao domínio cultural do autocuidado da saúde entre pacientes com diabetes tipo 2, com ou sem controle glicêmico. MÉTODOS: Estudo descritivo com 57 diabéticos com controle glicêmico e 76 sem controle, com média de 60 anos de idade em clínica de seguro social no México, em 2003. Foram aplicadas técnicas de antropologia cognitiva de listas livres e questionário estruturado para obter modelo semântico e média de conhecimento cultural a seis perguntas sobre seu adoecimento, por análise de consenso das respostas. RESULTADOS: Os dados sociodemográficos de ambos os grupos mostraram diferenças significativas. Todos os modelos de resposta comparados apresentaram estruturas semânticas similares, à exceção de: "o que se entende por exercício" (pOBJECTIVE: To analyze the main elements related with the cultural domain of self-health care in type 2 diabetes patients with and without good blood glucose control. METHODS: Descriptive study comprising diabetes patients, 57 with and 76 without good blood glucose control, with an average age of 60 years, who attended a Social Security

  15. mTORC2 Promotes Tumorigenesis via Lipid Synthesis.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Guri, Yakir; Colombi, Marco; Dazert, Eva; Hindupur, Sravanth K; Roszik, Jason; Moes, Suzette; Jenoe, Paul; Heim, Markus H; Riezman, Isabelle; Riezman, Howard; Hall, Michael N

    2017-12-11

    Dysregulated mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) promotes cancer, but underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. We describe an mTOR-driven mouse model that displays hepatosteatosis progressing to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Longitudinal proteomic, lipidomics, and metabolomic analyses revealed that hepatic mTORC2 promotes de novo fatty acid and lipid synthesis, leading to steatosis and tumor development. In particular, mTORC2 stimulated sphingolipid (glucosylceramide) and glycerophospholipid (cardiolipin) synthesis. Inhibition of fatty acid or sphingolipid synthesis prevented tumor development, indicating a causal effect in tumorigenesis. Increased levels of cardiolipin were associated with tubular mitochondria and enhanced oxidative phosphorylation. Furthermore, increased lipogenesis correlated with elevated mTORC2 activity and HCC in human patients. Thus, mTORC2 promotes cancer via formation of lipids essential for growth and energy production. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  16. Phase relations in the systems M2MoO4-Cr2(MoO4)3-Zr(MoO4)2 (M=Li, Na, or Rb)

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Bazarov, B.G.; Chimitova, O.D.; Bazarova, Ts.T.; Arkhincheeva, S.I.; Bazarova, Zh.G.

    2008-01-01

    Phase equilibria in the systems M 2 MoO 4 -Cr 2 (MoO 4 ) 3 -Zr(MoO 4 ) 2 (M=Li, Na, or Rb) were investigated by X-ray powder diffraction analysis, DTA, and IR spectroscopy. The subsolidus structure of the phase diagrams of the systems under study was established. Two phases are formed in the Rb 2 MoO 4 -Cr 2 (MoO 4 ) 3 -Zr(MoO 4 ) 2 system with the molar ratios of the starting components equal to 5:1:1 (S 2 ) and 1:1:1 (S 1 ). Proceeding from isostructural character of Rb 5 FeHf(MoO 4 ) 6 and S 2 , the unit cell parameters are determined for S 2 [ru

  17. M2 polarization enhances silica nanoparticle uptake by macrophages

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jessica eHoppstädter

    2015-03-01

    Full Text Available While silica nanoparticles have enabled numerous industrial and medical applications, their toxicological safety requires further evaluation. Macrophages are the major cell population responsible for nanoparticle clearance in vivo. The prevailing macrophage phenotype largely depends on the local immune status of the host. Whereas M1-polarized macrophages are considered as pro-inflammatory macrophages involved in host defense, M2 macrophages exhibit anti-inflammatory and wound-healing properties, but also promote tumor growth.We employed different models of M1 and M2 polarization: GM-CSF/LPS/IFN-gamma was used to generate primary human M1 cells and M-CSF/IL-10 to differentiate M2 monocyte-derived macrophages. PMA-differentiated THP-1 cells were polarized towards an M1 type by LPS/IFN-gamma and towards M2 by IL-10. Uptake of fluorescent silica nanoparticles (Ø 26 and 41 nm and microparticles (Ø 1.75 µm was quantified. At the concentration used (50 µg/ml, silica nanoparticles did not influence cell viability as assessed by MTT assay. Nanoparticle uptake was enhanced in M2-polarized primary human monocyte-derived macrophages compared with M1 cells, as shown by flow cytometric and microscopic approaches. In contrast, the uptake of microparticles did not differ between M1 and M2 phenotypes. M2 polarization was also associated with increased nanoparticle uptake in the macrophage-like THP-1 cell line. In accordance, in vivo polarized M2-like primary human tumor-associated macrophages (TAM obtained from lung tumors took up more nanoparticles than M1-like alveolar macrophages isolated from the surrounding lung tissue.In summary, our data indicate that the M2 polarization of macrophages promotes nanoparticle internalization. Therefore, the phenotypical differences between macrophage subsets should be taken into consideration in future investigations on nanosafety, but might also open up therapeutic perspectives allowing to specifically target M2

  18. Radioimmunoassay of Alb, β2-M and THP

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Xie Zhiyuan; Li Shengqi; Ren Shusheng; Chen Yuying

    1993-01-01

    The combined determination of β 2 -M, THP, Alb, IgG may be used as the sensitive indication of the early degeneration of kidney function. The authors observed 107 cases, and found that the anomalous examine-out ratios of hemorrhage β 2 -M and UTHP are 50.75% and 65.67% respectively, 1.5-2.3 times higher than the C cr animals examine-out ratio. The radio-immunoassay of β 2 -M and THP is a better measure for discovering light kidney function injury in early period than C cr method. The clinical value of the radio-immunoassay of β 2 -M, THP is obviously better than the traditional and classical method. The diseases of anybody system may influence the kidney function through various mechanisms. The retrogression of kidney tissue of the patients in old-and mid-age leads to decrease of kidney function. The combination of β 2 -M and THP has the highest anomalous examine-out ratios of kidney function; the next is urine Alb

  19. Seamless communication in supply chains based on M2M technology

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Walid Moneimne

    2016-12-01

    Full Text Available Background: Access to information is the key element in the successful and efficient organization of transport & logistic processes. The importance of real-time access to information is confirmed by a panel workshop carried out with support of design thinking methodology. There are two ways of gaining access to the right information - manual, where human agency is needed and fully automatic, where new M2M technology is implemented. Implementation of such technology improves seamless communication during transport execution and allows real-time access to needed information. The aim of the paper is to evaluate the influence of the effectiveness of using M2M technology and traditional way of communication as well as data gathering in order to ensure seamless communication in the supply chain. Methods: Survey, design thinking, desk research and real case study results were used in the paper. Results and conclusions: Seamless communication and implementation of M2M technology within the whole supply (including modes of transport and transport units chain is a backbone of the lean and reliable digital supply chain.

  20. Cdk2 is required for p53-independent G2/M checkpoint control.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jon H Chung

    2010-02-01

    Full Text Available The activation of phase-specific cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdks is associated with ordered cell cycle transitions. Among the mammalian Cdks, only Cdk1 is essential for somatic cell proliferation. Cdk1 can apparently substitute for Cdk2, Cdk4, and Cdk6, which are individually dispensable in mice. It is unclear if all functions of non-essential Cdks are fully redundant with Cdk1. Using a genetic approach, we show that Cdk2, the S-phase Cdk, uniquely controls the G(2/M checkpoint that prevents cells with damaged DNA from initiating mitosis. CDK2-nullizygous human cells exposed to ionizing radiation failed to exclude Cdk1 from the nucleus and exhibited a marked defect in G(2/M arrest that was unmasked by the disruption of P53. The DNA replication licensing protein Cdc6, which is normally stabilized by Cdk2, was physically associated with the checkpoint regulator ATR and was required for efficient ATR-Chk1-Cdc25A signaling. These findings demonstrate that Cdk2 maintains a balance of S-phase regulatory proteins and thereby coordinates subsequent p53-independent G(2/M checkpoint activation.

  1. Estudo do peso do recém-nascido, faixa etária da mãe e tipo de parto

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    João Batista Ferreira dos Santos

    2001-09-01

    Full Text Available Este artigo tem por objetivo estudar o peso do recém-nascido, a faixa etária da mãe e o tipo de parto ocorrido em Maternidades de Rio Branco - Acre - Brasil, no período de 1994 a 1996. Como resultado 73,8% nasceram de parto normal e 25,5% por cesariana. Por outro lado 5,4% dos partos foram por adolescentes na faixa etária de 10-14 anos Com relação ao peso, 84,6% estavam dentro do normal, 7,4% abaixo e 6,6% acima. Vale ressaltar o registro de peso, idade e sexo como sendo ignorados, o que demonstram falhas nos registros. Concluindo destacamos a importância da assistência no período pré-natal, proporcionando atenção ao binômio mãe-filho, além de maior empenho por parte da Direção das Maternidades e das Chefias de Enfermagem na produção e análise dos dados.

  2. Morfologia e morfometria dos tipos de fibras do músculo reto abdominal de cadelas (Canis familiaris durante a gestação

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Maila Karina Mattos de Brito

    2007-08-01

    Full Text Available Neste trabalho foram avaliadas as alterações morfológicas e o grau de hipertrofia das fibras de contração lentas (tipo I e rápidas (tipo II do músculo reto abdominal de cadelas adultas nas fases: pré-gestacional, 30 e 60 dias de gestação e 30 dias pós-parto (pp. Em todas essas fases, sob anestesia, foram removidas biópsias musculares, as quais foram congeladas. Cortes histológicos foram obtidos em um micrótomo e corados com hematoxilina e eosina (HE para a avaliação da morfologia. Outros cortes foram submetidos à ATPase miofibrilar (m-ATPase, após pré-incubação em meio alcalino (pH = 10,4 e em meio ácido (pH = 4,4, visando à identificação das fibras tipo I e II. Nas cadelas virgens, o tecido muscular revelou-se constituído por fibras com diferentes diâmetros, com contornos poligonais, tendo um ou mais núcleos periféricos. Estas características foram similares nos animais com 30 dias de gestação. Aos 60 dias, ao lado de fibras com aparência normal, observaram-se fibras com contornos mais polimórficos e outras fibras de diâmetros muito pequenos. Aos 30 dias pp, as características do tecido foram similares às dos animais em fase pré-gestacional. Em todas as fases estudadas, os diâmetros fibras tipo II foram maiores do que as do tipo I. Aos 30 dias observou-se a redução significativa dos diâmetros de ambos os tipos de fibras e aumento significativo aos 60 dias de gestação. Durante a gestação, o estímulo crônico, representado pela expansão da parede abdominal, promoveu alterações da morfologia e morfometria das fibras.

  3. Algunas consideraciones sobre la hipertensión arterial en la diabetes mellitus tipo 2 Some considerations related to arterial high blood pressure in Type 2 diabetes mellitus

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Miguel Ángel Yanes Quesada

    2009-09-01

    Full Text Available Se realizó una revisión del tema relacionado con la hipertensión arterial en el paciente diabético tipo 2, con el objetivo de actualizar algunos elementos particulares en este grupo de pacientes. Se plantea que su prevalencia es considerablemente más alta que en la población no diabética, donde la hiperinsulinemia y la disfunción endotelial cobran un papel protagónico en su etiopatogenia. La hipertensión arterial en estos pacientes clínicamente se manifiesta como un patrón non dipper, lo que incrementa la morbimortalidad por esta entidad. El tratamiento medicamentoso es habitualmente necesario, y se usan como drogas de primera línea los inhibidores de la enzima convertidora, los antagonistas de los receptores de angiotensina ll y los calcioantagonistas, aunque se pueden utilizar también los diuréticos tiacídicos a dosis bajas.Authors made a review of the topic related to arterial high blood pressure in the patient presenting with Type 2 diabetes mellitus to update some particular elements in this group of patients. We propose that its prevalence is higher than that present in non-diabetic population, where the hyperinsulinism and the endothelial dysfunction have a leading role in its ethiopathogenesis. The arterial high blood pressure in these patients clinically is manifested as a non-dipper pattern increasing the morbidity and mortality. Drug therapy is commonly necessary and as first line-drugs are used the converting-enzyme inhibitors, the agiotensin-II receptors antagonists, and the antagonists-calcium, although the low-dose thiacidic diuretics.

  4. The interaction of beta 2-microglobulin (beta 2m) with mouse class I major histocompatibility antigens and its ability to support peptide binding. A comparison of human and mouse beta 2m

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Pedersen, L O; Stryhn, A; Holter, T L

    1995-01-01

    of class I molecules are involved in peptide binding, whereas most of class I molecules are involved in beta 2m binding. We propose that mouse beta 2m interacts with the minor peptide binding (i.e. the "empty") fraction with a lower affinity than human beta 2m does, whereas mouse and human beta 2m interact......The function of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules is to sample peptides derived from intracellular proteins and to present these peptides to CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes. In this paper, biochemical assays addressing MHC class I binding of both peptide and beta 2-microglobulin...... (beta 2m) have been used to examine the assembly of the trimolecular MHC class I/beta 2m/peptide complex. Recombinant human beta 2m and mouse beta 2ma have been generated to compare the binding of the two beta 2m to mouse class I. It is frequently assumed that human beta 2m binds to mouse class I heavy...

  5. Betalactamasas de espectro extendido tipo TEM y CTX-M en Klebsiella spp y Escherichia coli aisladas de superficies de ambientes hospitalarios

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Marco Rivera-Jacinto

    Full Text Available El objetivo del estudio fue determinar el genotipo BLEE de 15 cepas de enterobacterias resistentes a betalactámicos, aisladas de superficies inanimadas y caracterizadas fenotípicamente como productoras de betalactamasas de espectro extendido. Previa evaluación y tamizaje de las cepas bacterianas, se hizo un PCR para amplificar fragmentos de 1078 pb y 544 pb correspondientes a BLEE tipo TEM y CTX-M. Once cepas presentaron ambos fragmentos a la vez y tres presentaron solamente blaCTX-M. En conclusión, se demostró la presencia de genes BLEE en cultivos de origen ambiental, algunos de los cuales podrían pertenecer a más de un tipo; esta información podría servir de base para implementar medidas de prevención que eviten la trasmisión de bacterias multirresistentes desde superficies inanimadas a los pacientes, principalmente en áreas hospitalarias críticas

  6. Positronium formation and hydrated positron reactions in H2O, D2O, 1.74 M PPS/H2O and 1.74 M PPS/D2O solutions of Cl−, Br− and I−

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Mogensen, O. E.; Pedersen, Niels Jørgen

    1986-01-01

    Angular correlation of annihilation photons were measured for H2O, D2O, 1.74 M PPS/H2O and 1.74 M PPS/D2O solutions of Cl−, Br− and I−. The three components of the angular correlation spectra for D2O and H2O were nearly identical in shape. The positronium (Ps) yields for the H2O and D2O solutions...... before annihilation (lifetime 400 ps) was determined for the three halides in the four solvents. Simple kinetic equations (“trapping model”) with time dependent rate constant, solved analytically, could explain the [X−, e+] formation in H2O fairly well for concentrations below 0.03 M X−, if a diffusion...... controlled reaction with positron diffusion constant D = 5 × 10−5 cm2/s and reaction radius R = 1 nm were assumed. The three halides gave roughly identical [X−, e+] formation below 0.03 M X−. The difference between the four solutions could be explained partly only in terms of viscosity change for the model...

  7. Magnetic order in Pu2M3Si5 (M = Co, Ni)

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Bauer, E D; Tobash, P H; Mitchell, J N; Kennison, J A; Ronning, F; Scott, B L; Thompson, J D

    2011-01-01

    The physical properties including magnetic susceptibility, specific heat, and electrical resistivity of two new plutonium compounds Pu 2 M 3 Si 5 (M = Co, Ni) are reported. Pu 2 Ni 3 Si 5 crystallizes in the orthorhombic U 2 Co 3 Si 5 structure type, which can be considered a variant of the BaAl 4 tetragonal structure, while Pu 2 Co 3 Si 5 adopts the closely related monoclinic Lu 2 Co 3 Si 5 type. Magnetic order is observed in both compounds, with Pu 2 Ni 3 Si 5 ordering ferromagnetically at T C = 65 K then undergoing a transition into an antiferromagnetic state below T N = 35 K. Two successive magnetic transitions are also observed at T mag1 = 38 K and T mag2 = 5 K in Pu 2 Co 3 Si 5 . Specific heat measurements reveal that these two materials have a moderately enhanced Sommerfeld coefficient γ ∼ 100 mJ/mol Pu K 2 in the magnetic state with comparable RKKY and Kondo energy scales.

  8. A randomized comparison of daunorubicin 90 mg/m2 vs 60 mg/m2 in AML induction

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Burnett, A. K.; Russell, N. H.; Hills, R. K.

    2015-01-01

    Modifying induction therapy in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) may improve the remission rate and reduce the risk of relapse, thereby improving survival. Escalation of the daunorubicin dose to 90 mg/m(2) has shown benefit for some patient subgroups when compared with a dose of 45 mg/m(2), and has been...... = .15). In an exploratory subgroup analysis, there was no subgroup that showed significant benefit, although there was a significant interaction by FLT3 ITD mutation. This trial is registered at http://www.isrctn.com as #ISRCTN55675535....

  9. New compounds bearing [M(S_2O_7)_3]"2"- anions (M = Si, Ge, Sn): Syntheses and characterization of A_2[Si(S_2O_7)_3] (A = Na, K, Rb), A_2[Ge(S_2O_7)_3] (A = Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs), A_2[Sn(S_2O_7)_3] (A = Na, K), and the unique germanate Hg_2[Ge(S_2O_7)_3]Cl_2 with cationic "1_∞[HgCl_2_/_2]"+ chains

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Logemann, Christian; Witt, Julia; Wickleder, Mathias S.; Gunzelmann, Daniel; Senker, Juergen

    2012-01-01

    The reaction of the group 14 tetrachlorides MCl_4 (M = Si, Ge, Sn) with oleum (65 % SO_3) at elevated temperatures led to the unique anionic complexes [M(S_2O_7)_3]"2"- that show the central M atoms in coordination of three chelating S_2O_7"2"- groups. The mean distances M-O within the complexes increase from 175 pm (M = Si) via 186 pm (M = Ge) up to 200 pm (M = Sn). The charge balance for the [M(S_2O_7)_3]"2"- anions is achieved by alkaline metal ions A"+ (A = Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs) which were implemented in the syntheses in form of their sulfates. The size of the A"+ ions, i.e. their coordination requirement causes the crystallographic differences in the crystal structures, while the structure of the complex [M(S_2O_7)_3]"2"- anions remains essentially unaffected. Furthermore, we were able to characterize the unique germanate Hg_2[Ge(S_2O_7)_3]Cl_2 which forms when HgCl_2 is added as a source for the counter cation. The Hg"2"+ and the Cl"- ions form infinite cationic chains according to "1_∞[HgCl_2_/_2]"+ which take care for the charge compensation. For selected examples of the compounds the thermal behavior has been monitored by means of thermal analyses and X-ray powder diffraction. For A being an alkaline metal the decomposition product is a mixture of the sulfates A_2SO_4 and the dioxides MO_2, whereas Hg_2[Ge(S_2O_7)_3]Cl_2 shows a more complicated decomposition. The tris-(disulfato)-silicate Na_2[Si(S_2O_7)_3] has additionally been examined by solid state "2"9Si and "2"3Na NMR spectroscopic measurements. (Copyright copyright 2012 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH and Co. KGaA, Weinheim)

  10. VO2(B conversion to VO2(A and VO2(M and their oxidation resistance and optical switching properties

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Zhang Yifu

    2016-03-01

    Full Text Available Vanadium dioxide VO2 has been paid in recent years increasing attention because of its various applications, however, its oxidation resistance properties in air atmosphere have rarely been reported. Herein, VO2(B nanobelts were transformed into VO2(A and VO2(M nanobelts by hydrothermal route and calcination treatment, respectively. Then, we comparatively studied the oxidation resistance properties of VO2(B, VO2(A and VO2(M nanobelts in air atmosphere by thermo-gravimetric analysis and differential thermal analysis (TGA/DTA. It was found that the nanobelts had good thermal stability and oxidation resistance below 341 °C, 408 °C and 465 °C in air, respectively, indicating that they were stable in air at room temperature. The fierce oxidation of the nanobelts occurred at 426, 507 and 645 °C, respectively. The results showed that the VO2(M nanobelts had the best thermal stability and oxidation resistance among the others. Furthermore, the phase transition temperatures and optical switching properties of VO2(A and VO2(M were studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC and variable temperature infrared spectra. It was found that the VO2(A and VO2(M nanobelts had outstanding thermochromic character and optical switching properties.

  11. Energies and E1, M1, E2, and M2 transition rates for states of the 2s{sup 2}2p{sup 3}, 2s2p{sup 4}, and 2p{sup 5} configurations in nitrogen-like ions between F III and Kr XXX

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Rynkun, P., E-mail: pavel.rynkun@gmail.com [Department of Physics and Information Technologies, Lithuanian University of Educational Science, Studentu 39, LT-08106 Vilnius (Lithuania); Jönsson, P. [Group for Materials Science and Applied Mathematics, Malmö University, 20506 Malmö (Sweden); Gaigalas, G. [Department of Physics and Information Technologies, Lithuanian University of Educational Science, Studentu 39, LT-08106 Vilnius (Lithuania); Vilnius University, Institute of Theoretical Physics and Astronomy, A. Goštauto 12, LT-01108 Vilnius (Lithuania); Froese Fischer, C. [National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-8420 (United States)

    2014-03-15

    Based on relativistic wavefunctions from multiconfiguration Dirac–Hartree–Fock and configuration interaction calculations, E1, M1, E2, and M2 transition rates, weighted oscillator strengths, and lifetimes are evaluated for the states of the (1s{sup 2})2s{sup 2}2p{sup 3},2s2p{sup 4}, and 2p{sup 5} configurations in all nitrogen-like ions between F III and Kr XXX. The wavefunction expansions include valence, core–valence, and core–core correlation effects through single–double multireference expansions to increasing sets of active orbitals. The computed energies agree very well with experimental values, with differences of only 300–600 cm{sup −1} for the majority of the levels and ions in the sequence. Computed transitions rates are in close agreement with available data from MCHF-BP calculations by Tachiev and Froese Fischer [G.I. Tachiev, C. Froese Fischer, A and A 385 (2002) 716].

  12. Machine-to-Machine networks: integration of M2M networks into companies' administrative networks

    OpenAIRE

    Pointereau, Romain

    2013-01-01

    This analysis will address the technical, economic and regulatory aspects and will identify the position taken by the various market actors. Integration of M2M Networks into Companies' Administrative Networks. Integración de redes M2M en redes administrativas de las empresas. Integració de xarxes M2M en xarxes administratives de les empreses.

  13. OcupaÃÃo e fatores de risco para diabetes millitus tipo 2: contribuiÃÃo ao estudo do processo saÃde-doenÃa de trabalhadores de saÃde

    OpenAIRE

    VitÃria de CÃssia FÃlix de Almeida

    2007-01-01

    Objetivou-se analisar as inter-relaÃÃes entre ocupaÃÃo e prevalÃncia de fatores de risco para Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2 existentes entre trabalhadores da equipe de enfermagem e demais profissionais e ocupacionais de saÃde, tendo partido da hipÃtese de que, os trabalhadores da equipe de enfermagem, quando comparados a outros que desenvolvem atividades em hospitais, mas no desempenho de outras ocupaÃÃes, apresentariam uma maior prevalÃncia de fatores de risco para o desenvolvimento do diabetes m...

  14. Transmembrane Inhibitor of RICTOR/mTORC2 in Hematopoietic Progenitors

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Dongjun Lee

    2014-11-01

    Full Text Available Central to cellular proliferative, survival, and metabolic responses is the serine/threonine kinase mTOR, which is activated in many human cancers. mTOR is present in distinct complexes that are either modulated by AKT (mTORC1 or are upstream and regulatory of it (mTORC2. Governance of mTORC2 activity is poorly understood. Here, we report a transmembrane molecule in hematopoietic progenitor cells that physically interacts with and inhibits RICTOR, an essential component of mTORC2. Upstream of mTORC2 (UT2 negatively regulates mTORC2 enzymatic activity, reducing AKTS473, PKCα, and NDRG1 phosphorylation and increasing FOXO transcriptional activity in an mTORC2-dependent manner. Modulating UT2 levels altered animal survival in a T cell acute lymphoid leukemia (T-ALL model that is known to be mTORC2 sensitive. These studies identify an inhibitory component upstream of mTORC2 in hematopoietic cells that can reduce mortality from NOTCH-induced T-ALL. A transmembrane inhibitor of mTORC2 may provide an attractive target to affect this critical cell regulatory pathway.

  15. Zeatin is indispensable for the G2-M transition in tobacco BY-2 cells.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Laureys, F; Dewitte, W; Witters, E; Van Montagu, M; Inzé, D; Van Onckelen, H

    1998-04-10

    The importance of N6-isoprenoid cytokinins in the G2-M transition of Nicotiana tabacum BY-2 cells was investigated. Both cytokinin biosynthesis and entry in mitosis were partially blocked by application at early or late G2 of lovastatin (10 microM), an inhibitor of mevalonic acid synthesis. LC-MS/MS quantification of endogenous cytokinins proved that lovastatin affects cytokinin biosynthesis by inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase. Out of eight different aminopurines and a synthetic auxin tested for their ability to override lovastatin inhibition of mitosis, only zeatin was active. Our data point to a key role for a well-defined cytokinin (here, zeatin) in the G2-M transition of tobacco BY-2 cells.

  16. Estudio del fenotipo de haptoglobinas en pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 1, en Lima, Perú

    OpenAIRE

    Arias, Clever; Inga, Miriam; Oré, Raquel; Zapata, Luis; Aquije, Carmen

    2013-01-01

    Objetivos: Determinar el fenotipo de haptoglobina -1/1, 1/2 y 2/2- predominante en una muestra de 36 pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo I (DM tipo I). Diseño: Observacional con sistema de medición, descriptivo. Institución: Centro de Investigación de Bioquímica y Nutrición, Facultad de Medicina, UNMSM. Participantes: Pacientes con diagnóstico de diabetes mellitus tipo I Intervenciones: En 36 pacientes con diagnóstico de diabetes mellitus tipo I, se realizó medidas antropométricas, evaluacio...

  17. Spin structures of S = 5/2 antiferromagnetic triangular lattices: AAg{sub 2}M[VO{sub 4}]{sub 2}

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Moeller, Angela; Amuneke, Ngozi E.; Tapp, Joshua [Department of Chemistry and TcSUH, University of Houston (United States); Cruz, Clarina R. de la [Quantum Condensed Matter Division, ORNL, Oak Ridge (United States)

    2015-07-01

    The AAg{sub 2}M[VO{sub 4}]{sub 2} compounds present a unique series for studying structure-property relationships. The size of the A cation (Ba{sup 2+}, K{sup +}, Rb{sup +}, or Ag{sup +}) controls (i) the inter-layer distances between the magnetic triangular lattices (M, here Mn{sup 2+} or Fe{sup 3+}) and (ii) the distortion of the non-magnetic vanadate units. The crystal and magnetic structures were refined from neutron diffraction data under applied fields (ORNL, HB2A) and reveal the complex magnetic phase diagrams of frustrated S=5/2 triangular lattices with axial and XY-anisotropy, respectively.

  18. LEU WWR-M2 fuel assemblies burnable test

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kirsanov, G.A.; Konoplev, K.A.; Pikulik, R.G.; Sajkov, Yu. P.; Tchmshkyan, D.V.; Tedoradze, L.V.; Zakharov, A.S.

    2000-01-01

    The results of in-pile irradiation tests of LEU WWR-M2 fuel assemblies with reduced enrichment of fuel are submitted in the report. The tests are made according to the Russian Program on Reduced Enrichment for Research and Test Reactors (RERTR). United States Department of Energy and the Ministry of Atomic Energy of Russian Federation jointly fund this Program. The irradiation tests of 5 WWR-M2 experimental assemblies are carried out at WWR-M reactor of the Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute (PNPI). The information on assembly design and technique of irradiation tests is presented. In the irradiation tests the integrity of fuel assemblies is periodically measured. The report presents the data for the integrity maintained during the burnup of 5 fuel assemblies up to 45%. These results demonstrate the high reliability of the experimental fuel assemblies within the guaranteed burnup limits specified by the manufacturer. The tests are still in progress; it is planned to test and analyze the change in integrity for burnup of up to 70% - 75% or more. LEU WWR-M2 fuel assemblies are to be offered for export by their Novosibirsk manufacturer. Currently, HEU WWR-M2 fuel assemblies are used in Hungary, Ukraine and Vietnam. LEU WWR-M2 fuel assemblies were designed as a possible replacement for the HEU WWR-M2 fuel assemblies in those countries, but their use can be extended to other research reactors. (author)

  19. Nervios corneales prominentes como manifestación inicial en el síndrome de neoplasia endocrina múltiple tipo 2B

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Vianney Cortés-González

    2015-10-01

    Conclusiones: La identificación de las características oculares, tanto los nervios corneales como los neuromas palpebrales, puede ayudar a un diagnóstico temprano del síndrome MEN2B. El oftalmólogo debe identificar las características oftalmológicas de la enfermedad y diferenciarlas de otras afecciones como las distrofias corneales. Los nervios corneales prominentes consisten en numerosos axones desmielinizados y múltiples células de Schwann.

  20. Thermodynamic properties of the solid solutions CuCr/sub 2/S/sub 4/ in Cu/sub 1///sub 2/M/sub 1///sub 2/Cr/sub 2/S/sub 4/ (M=Ga, In)

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Titov, V.V.; Gordeev, I.V.; Kesler, Y.A.; Shchelkotunov, V.A.; Tret' yakov, Y.D.

    1985-09-01

    Using an adiabatic calorimeter and a quartz dilatometer, the temperature dependences of the heat capacity for the solid solutions CuCr/sub 2/S/sub 4/ in Cu/sub 1///sub 2/M/sub 1///sub 2/Cr/sub 2/S/sub 4/ (M - Ga, In) were determined, the different components of the heat capacity were evaluated, and the thermodynamic parameters of the magnetic transformation were calculated.

  1. Comportamiento de vigas de sección compuesta con perfiles de acero laminado y losa de concreto empleando conectores de cortante tipo tornillo grado dos (2)

    OpenAIRE

    García Zamora, Alejandro; Molina Herrera, Maritzabel

    2008-01-01

    En el presente artículo, partiendo de un análisis teórico-experimental, se determinan y caracterizan los parámetros de diseño que rigen el comportamiento de las vigas compuestas de perfiles de acero y losa de concreto empleando conectores de cortante tipo tornillo, dado que para esta clase de conector no existe un estudio específico de su comportamiento, además en la actualidad su diseño no está definido en las NSR-98, aunque es uno de los tipos de conectores más empleados en la construcción ...

  2. Comportamiento de vigas de sección compuesta con perfiles de acero laminado y losa de concreto empleando conectores de cortante tipo tornillo grado dos (2)

    OpenAIRE

    García Zamora, Alejandro; Molina Herrera, Maritzabel

    2010-01-01

    En el presente artículo, partiendo de un análisis teórico-experimental, se determinan y caracterizan los parámetros de diseño que rigen el comportamiento de las vigas compuestas de perfiles de acero y losa de concreto empleando conectores de cortante tipo tornillo, dado que para esta clase de conector no existe un estudio específico de su comportamiento, además en la actualidad su diseño no está definido en las NSR-98, aunque es uno de los tipos de conectores más empleados en la construcción ...

  3. Resultados de un seguimiento educativo a personas con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 y sobrepeso u obesidad Results of educational follow-up of persons with type 2 diabetes mellitus and overweight/obesity

    OpenAIRE

    Rosario García; Rolando Suárez

    2003-01-01

    El presente trabajo muestra los resultados de un seguimiento educativo a personas con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 y sobrepeso corporal u obesidad, realizado como continuidad del estudio latinoamericano PEDNID-LA, con el objetivo de evaluar, en forma prospectiva, los cambios clínicos, bioquímicos y terapéuticos obtenidos después de participar en un programa de educación grupal con metodología interactiva. El estudio incluyó 40 pacientes no insulino dependientes, obesos o en sobrepeso y preferente...

  4. Crystal structure and phase transition studies in perovskite-type oxides using powder-diffraction techniques and symmetry-mode analysis : SrLnMRuO6 (Ln=La,Pr,Nd; M=Zn,Co,Mg,Ni,Fe) and ALn2CuTi2O9 (A=Ca,Ba; Ln=La,Pr,Nd,Sm)

    OpenAIRE

    Iturbe Zabalo, Edurne

    2013-01-01

    La tesis se ha centrado en la síntesis y caracterización estructural de materiales tipo perovskita: SrLnMRuO6 (Ln=La,Pr,Nd; M=Zn,Co,Mg,Ni,Fe) y ALn2CuTi2O9 (A=Ca,Ba; Ln=La,Pr,Nd,Sm). El estudio de las estructuras de los materiales se ha realizado mediante el análisis de los patrones de difracción en polvo de rayos-X, sincrotrón y/o neutrones. En el refinamiento por el método de Rietveld de las estructuras se han sustituido las coordenadas atómicas (el método más común), por coordenadas colect...

  5. An anti CuO{sub 2}-type metal hydride square net structure in Ln{sub 2}M{sub 2}As{sub 2}H{sub x} (Ln = La or Sm, M = Ti, V, Cr, or Mn)

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Mizoguchi, Hiroshi; Park, SangWon; Hosono, Hideo [Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama (Japan). Materials Research Center for Element Strategy; Hiraka, Haruhiro; Ikeda, Kazutaka; Otomo, Toshiya [High-Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba (Japan). Inst. of Materials Structure Science

    2015-03-02

    Using a high pressure technique and the strong donating nature of H{sup -}, a new series of tetragonal La{sub 2}Fe{sub 2}Se{sub 2}O{sub 3}-type layered mixed-anion arsenides, Ln{sub 2}M{sub 2}As{sub 2}H{sub x}, was synthesized (Ln=La or Sm, M=Ti, V, Cr, or Mn; x∼3). In these compounds, an unusual M{sub 2}H square net, which has anti CuO{sub 2} square net structures accompanying two As{sup 3-} ions, is sandwiched by (LaH){sub 2} fluorite layers. Notably, strong metal-metal bonding with a distance of 2.80 Aa was confirmed in La{sub 2}Ti{sub 2}As{sub 2}H{sub 2.3}, which has metallic properties. In fact, these compounds are situated near the boundary between salt-like ionic hydrides and transition-metal hydrides with metallic characters.

  6. A nonperturbative test of M2-brane theory

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Hosomichi, Kazuo; Lee, Ki-Myeong; Lee, Sungjay; Yi, Piljin; Lee, Sangmin; Park, Jaemo

    2008-01-01

    We discuss non-perturbative effects in the ABJM model due to monopole instantons. We begin by constructing the instanton solutions in the U(2) x U(2) model, explicitly, and computing the Euclidean action. The Wick-rotated Lagrangian is complex and its BPS monopole instantons are found to be a delicate version of the usual 't Hooft-Polyakov monopole solutions. They are generically 1/3 BPS but become 1/2 BPS at special locus in the moduli space of two M2-branes, yet each instanton carries eight fermionic zero modes, regardless of the vacuum choice. The low energy effective action induced by monopole instantons are quartic order in derivatives. The resulting vertices are nonperturbative in 1/k, as expected, but are rational functions of the vacuum moduli. We also analyze the system of two M2-branes in the supergravity framework and compute the higher order interactions via 11-dimensional supergraviton exchange. The comparison of the two shows that the instanton vertices are precisely reproduced by this M2-brane picture, supporting the proposal that the ABJM model describes multiple M2-branes.

  7. Gauged M-flation after BICEP2

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ashoorioon, A.; Sheikh-Jabbari, M. M.

    2014-12-01

    In view of the recent BICEP2 results [arxiv:arXiv:1403.3985] which may be attributed to the observation of B-modes polarization of the CMB with tensor-to-scalar ratio r =0.2-0.05+0.07, we revisit M-flation model. Gauged M-flation is a string theory motivated inflation model with Matrix valued scalar inflaton fields in the adjoint representation of a U (N) Yang-Mills theory. In continuation of our previous works, we show that for a class of M-flation models the action for these inflaton fields can be such that the "effective inflaton field" ϕ has a double-well Higgs-like potential, with minima at ϕ = 0 , μ. We focus on the ϕ > μ, symmetry-breaking region. We thoroughly examine predictions of the model for r in the 2σ region allowed for nS by the Planck experiment. As computed in [arxiv:arXiv:0903.1481], for Ne = 60 and nS = 0.96 we find r ≃ 0.2, which sits in the sweet spot of BICEP2 region for r. We find that with increasing μ arbitrarily, nS cannot go beyond ≃0.9670, the scalar spectral index for the quadratic chaotic potential. As nS varies in the 2σ range which is allowed by Planck and could be reached by the model, r varies in the range [ 0.13 , 0.26 ]. Future cosmological experiments, like the CMBPOL, that confines nS with σ (nS) = 0.0029 can constrain the model further. Also, in this region of potential, for nS = 0.9603, we find that the largest isocurvature mode, which is uncorrelated with curvature perturbations, has a power spectrum with the amplitude of order 10-11 at the end of inflation. We also discuss the range of predictions of r in the hilltop region, ϕ < μ.

  8. Gauged M-flation after BICEP2

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Ashoorioon, A.; Sheikh-Jabbari, M.M.

    2014-01-01

    In view of the recent BICEP2 results [ (arXiv:1403.3985)] which may be attributed to the observation of B-modes polarization of the CMB with tensor-to-scalar ratio r=0.2 −0.05 +0.07 , we revisit M-flation model. Gauged M-flation is a string theory motivated inflation model with Matrix valued scalar inflaton fields in the adjoint representation of a U(N) Yang–Mills theory. In continuation of our previous works, we show that for a class of M-flation models the action for these inflaton fields can be such that the “effective inflaton field” ϕ has a double-well Higgs-like potential, with minima at ϕ=0,μ. We focus on the ϕ>μ, symmetry-breaking region. We thoroughly examine predictions of the model for r in the 2σ region allowed for n S by the Planck experiment. As computed in [ (arXiv:0903.1481)], for N e =60 and n S =0.96 we find r≃0.2, which sits in the sweet spot of BICEP2 region for r. We find that with increasing μ arbitrarily, n S cannot go beyond ≃0.9670, the scalar spectral index for the quadratic chaotic potential. As n S varies in the 2σ range which is allowed by Planck and could be reached by the model, r varies in the range [0.13,0.26]. Future cosmological experiments, like the CMBPOL, that confines n S with σ(n S )=0.0029 can constrain the model further. Also, in this region of potential, for n S =0.9603, we find that the largest isocurvature mode, which is uncorrelated with curvature perturbations, has a power spectrum with the amplitude of order 10 −11 at the end of inflation. We also discuss the range of predictions of r in the hilltop region, ϕ<μ

  9. Guía colombiana de práctica clínica para el tratamiento de la diabetes mellitus tipo 2: falla al tratamiento inicial

    OpenAIRE

    Aschner Montoya, Pablo; Hospital Universitario San Ignacio-Pontificia Universidad Javeriana; Muñoz Velandía, Óscar Mauricio; Hospital Universitario San Ignacio, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana; Girón Cardozo, Diana Marcela; Pontificia Universidad Javeriana; García Morales, Olga Milena; Hospital Universitario San Ignacio-Pontificia Universidad Javeriana; Fernández Ávila, Daniel Gerardo; Hospital Universitario San Ignacio-Pontificia Universidad Javeriana; Casas, Luz Ángela; Asociación Colombiana de Endocrinología, Universidad del Valle; Casas, Luz Ángela; Asociación Colombiana de Endocrinología, Universidad del Valle; Arango Toro, Clara Maria; Asociación Colombiana de Endocrinología, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia; Bohórquez Villamizar, Luisa Fernanda; Universidad Nacional de Colombia.; Arango Toro, Clara María; Universidad de Antioquia; Carvajal Gutiérrez, Liliana; Asociación Colombiana de Diabetes; Ramírez De Peña, Doris Amanda; Universidad Nacional de Colombia; Sarmiento, Juan Guillermo; Médico, especialista en Medicina Interna, fellow de Endocrinología, Hospital Universitario San Ignacio, Bogotá, Colombia. Experto temático.; Colón, Cristian Alejandro; Médico, especialista en Medicina Interna, fellow de Endocrinología, Hospital Universitario San Ignacio, Bogotá, Colombia. Experto temático.; Correa González, Nestor Fabian; Pontificia Universidad Javeriana-Hospital Universitario San Ignacio Bogotá

    2017-01-01

    ResumenIntroducción: Existen diferentes opciones de manejo para pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DMT2) que ya iniciaron tratamiento farmacológico con metformina y no han alcanzado metas de control glucémico. Resulta prioritario definir pautas para escoger la mejor opción en estos pacientes, así como en aquellos que no han tenido un control óptimo con la combinación de dos medicamentos. Objetivo: Definir cuál es antidiabético de elección, entre sulfonilureas, tiazolidinedionas, inhibido...

  10. 183-W, M2 = 2.4 Yb:YAG Q -switched laser

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Honea, E.C.; Beach, R.J.; Mitchell, S.C.; Avizonis, P.V.

    1999-01-01

    We have fabricated a diode-array end-pumped Yb:YAG rod laser with output powers greater than 200thinspthinspW cw and 195thinspthinspW Q -switched at 5thinspthinspkHz. At an output power of 183thinspthinspW and a repetition rate of 5thinspthinspkHz, the beam quality was measured to be M 2 =2.4 . The laser design incorporates a hollow lens duct to concentrate the diode pump light for delivery to the end of the laser rod while maintaining access to the laser beam. This configuration provides increased flexibility for the resonator design and permits the use of birefringence compensation in the cavity to yield polarized output with increased efficiency. Using the recently described birefringence compensation method of Clarkson et al.thinspthinsp[in Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (Optical Society of America, Washington, D.C., 1998), paper CTuI3], we obtained 112thinspthinspW of cw power with a polarized beam of M 2 =3.2 . copyright 1999 Optical Society of America

  11. Study on the equilibrium in the MBr2-CH3OH-H2O system (M = Sr2+, Ba2+) at 25 0C

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Zlateva, I.; Stoev, M.

    1985-01-01

    The dehydration processes in the three-component system MBr 2 -CH 3 OH-H 2 O (M = Sr 2+ , Ba 2+ ) have been studied at 25 0 C by physio-chemical analyses. Crystallization fields for the lower crystal hydrates SrBr 2 x H 2 O and BaBr 2 x H 2 O have been found. The solubility curves exhibit complex-formation processes. The dehydration and solvation processes in three-component system such as MBr 2 -CH 3 OH-H 2 O at 25 0 C with M = Mg 2+ , Ca 2+ , Sr 2+ , Ba 2+ have been discussed in general terms. (author)

  12. Correlações fenotípicas entre tamanho de grãos e outros caracteres em topocruzamentos de soja tipo alimento com tipo grão

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    YOKOMIZO GILBERTO KEN-ITI

    2000-01-01

    Full Text Available Este trabalho foi conduzido para avaliar a correlação fenotípica entre vários caracteres em topocruzamentos entre soja tipo alimento e soja tipo grão (Doko e FT-2. Valores de interesse para facilitar a seleção foram obtidos nas correlações entre peso de cem sementes (tamanho de sementes e dias para atingir a maturidade, e entre tamanho de sementes e largura visual da vagem. Na correlação entre produtividade de grãos e tamanho de sementes somente os topocruzamentos com Doko foram significativos. As estimativas de correlações em plantas individuais tenderam a confirmar aquelas obtidas em médias de parcelas. Os valores de correlação foram diferentes entre os tipos (grão, broto/"natto" e hortaliça de soja envolvidos, o que sugere a adoção de estratégias de seleção distintas. O estudo de correlações para cada topocruzamento é importante, pois podem ocorrer diferenças no desempenho das plantas como foi observado nos resultados obtidos.

  13. Cost-of-illness study of type 2 diabetes mellitus in Colombia Diabetes mellitus tipo 2 en Colombia: costo de la enfermedad

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Juan Camilo González

    2009-07-01

    , total y por paciente, de la diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM2 en Colombia desde las perspectivas de la sociedad y del Ministerio de Salud. MÉTODOS: A partir de la experiencia clínica de un endocrinólogo colombiano se adaptó para Colombia un modelo de transición de Markov ya publicado. Las probabilidades de transición para el modelo se tomaron de una revisión de la literatura internacional. Se elaboró un modelo para un horizonte temporal de 42 años. Se identificaron los recursos directos (por medicamentos, laboratorio, médicos, hospitalización y otros servicios de salud y se estableció su costo a partir de la lista nacional de precios, las directivas internacionales de atención, y otros estudios colombianos o de otros países. Los costos indirectos (tiempo de trabajo perdido se calculó mediante el enfoque de capital humano. Los costos directos e indirectos -tanto anuales como por toda la vida- se determinaron en dólares estadounidenses (US$ de 2007 con una tasa de descuento de 5%, tanto para un paciente como su proyección para toda la población colombiana. Los costos se agruparon según el tratamiento y el curso de la enfermedad. RESULTADOS: El costo estimado anual fue de US$ 2 700 millones desde la perspectiva de la sociedad y de US$ 921 millones desde la perspectiva del Ministerio de Salud. Los costos directos anuales por paciente fueron de US$ 288, mientras que los indirectos fueron US$ 559 (total = US$ 847. Estos costos se distribuyeron según el curso de la enfermedad de la siguiente manera: 47% por el tratamiento de la diabetes (medicamentos; 24% por enfermedades cardíacas y coronarias; 15% por accidentes cerebrovasculares; 9% por amputaciones; 3% por nefropatías; y 2% por retinopatías. Las complicaciones macrovasculares constituyeron 86% de los costos directos anuales y 95% de los indirectos. CONCLUSIONES: Se estimó el costo anual de la DM2 para Colombia según las perspectivas de la sociedad, el Ministerio de Salud y el Sistema de Salud de

  14. Novel elastic, lattice dynamics and thermodynamic properties of metallic single-layer transition metal phosphides: 2H-M 2P (Mo2P, W2P, Nb2P and Ta2P)

    Science.gov (United States)

    Yin, Jiuren; Wu, Bozhao; Wang, Yanggang; Li, Zhimi; Yao, Yuanpeng; Jiang, Yong; Ding, Yanhuai; Xu, Fu; Zhang, Ping

    2018-04-01

    Recently, there has been a surge of interest in the research of two-dimensional (2D) phosphides due to their unique physical properties and wide applications. Transition metal phosphides 2H-M 2Ps (Mo2P, W2P, Nb2P and Ta2P) show considerable catalytic activity and energy storage potential. However, the electronic structure and mechanical properties of 2D 2H-M 2Ps are still unrevealed. Here, first-principles calculations are employed to investigate the lattice dynamics, elasticity and thermodynamic properties of 2H-M 2Ps. Results show that M 2Ps with lower stiffness exhibit remarkable lateral deformation under unidirectional loads. Due to the largest average Grüneisen parameter, single-layer Nb2P has the strongest anharmonic vibrations, resulting in the highest thermal expansion coefficient. The lattice thermal conductivities of Ta2P, W2P and Nb2P contradict classical theory, which would predict a smaller thermal conductivity due to the much heavier atom mass. Moreover, the calculations also demonstrate that the thermal conductivity of Ta2P is the highest as well as the lowest thermal expansion, owing to its weak anharmonic phonon scattering and the lowest average Grüneisen parameter. The insight provided by this study may be useful for future experimental and theoretical studies concerning 2D transition metal phosphide materials.

  15. An anti CuO{sub 2}-type metal hydride square net structure in Ln{sub 2}M{sub 2}As{sub 2}H{sub x} (Ln = La or Sm, M = Ti, V, Cr, or Mn)

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Mizoguchi, Hiroshi; Park, SangWon; Hosono, Hideo [Materials Research Center for Element Strategy, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama 226-8503 (Japan); Hiraka, Haruhiro; Ikeda, Kazutaka; Otomo, Toshiya [Institute of Materials Structure Science, High-Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba 305-0801 (Japan)

    2015-03-02

    Using a high pressure technique and the strong donating nature of H{sup -}, a new series of tetragonal La{sub 2}Fe{sub 2}Se{sub 2}O{sub 3}-type layered mixed-anion arsenides, Ln{sub 2}M{sub 2}As{sub 2}H{sub x}, was synthesized (Ln=La or Sm, M=Ti, V, Cr, or Mn; x∼3). In these compounds, an unusual M{sub 2}H square net, which has anti CuO{sub 2} square net structures accompanying two As{sup 3-} ions, is sandwiched by (LaH){sub 2} fluorite layers. Notably, strong metal-metal bonding with a distance of 2.80 Aa was confirmed in La{sub 2}Ti{sub 2}As{sub 2}H{sub 2.3}, which has metallic properties. In fact, these compounds are situated near the boundary between salt-like ionic hydrides and transition-metal hydrides with metallic characters. (copyright 2015 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH and Co. KGaA, Weinheim)

  16. Prevalencia de cardiopatía isquémica asintomática en pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Dulman O. Pineda-De Paz

    2018-03-01

    Full Text Available Resumen: Introducción: La enfermedad cardiovascular es la causa principal de muerte en pacientes con diabetes mellitus. La prevalencia de cardiopatía isquémica asintomática es más alta en pacientes diabéticos que en no diabéticos y se asocia a peor pronóstico. Objetivo: Identificar la prevalencia de cardiopatía isquémica asintomática en pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 en un hospital de tercer nivel de atención de Guatemala y analizar la posible asociación de dicha enfermedad con características epidemiológicas, clínicas y metabólicas. Métodos: Estudio de corte transversal en el que se estudió una muestra de 92 pacientes diabéticos seleccionados de forma aleatoria simple. Se realizó electrocardiograma, que cuando fue negativo para isquemia ameritó prueba de esfuerzo, o de lo contrario, ecocardiograma de estrés con dobutamina. Resultados: La edad media de los participantes fue de 57 años, 88% de los cuales eran mujeres; la duración media de la diabetes fue 7 años. Se encontró cardiopatía isquémica asintomática en el 22,8% de los casos. No se hallaron posibles asociaciones entre cardiopatía isquémica asintomática y edad, sexo, enfermedad arterial periférica, índice de masa corporal, índice tobillo-brazo, hipertensión arterial, dislipidemia, tabaquismo activo, sedentarismo, sobrepeso/obesidad, alcoholismo, glucosa en ayunas, hemoglobina glicosilada, colesterol total, colesterol HDL, colesterol LDL, ácido úrico, creatinina, tasa de filtrado glomerular y microalbuminuria. Conclusiones: La prevalencia de cardiopatía isquémica asintomática en la población estudiada con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 fue de 22,8%. No se encontraron posibles asociaciones de cardiopatía isquémica asintomática con las variables estudiadas. Abstract: Introduction: Cardiovascular disease is the main cause of death in patients with diabetes mellitus. The prevalence of asymptomatic ischaemic heart disease is higher in diabetic

  17. Giant graviton interactions and M2-branes ending on multiple M5-branes

    Science.gov (United States)

    Hirano, Shinji; Sato, Yuki

    2018-05-01

    We study splitting and joining interactions of giant gravitons with angular momenta N 1/2 ≪ J ≪ N in the type IIB string theory on AdS 5 × S 5 by describing them as instantons in the tiny graviton matrix model introduced by Sheikh-Jabbari. At large J the instanton equation can be mapped to the four-dimensional Laplace equation and the Coulomb potential for m point charges in an n-sheeted Riemann space corresponds to the m-to- n interaction process of giant gravitons. These instantons provide the holographic dual of correlators of all semi-heavy operators and the instanton amplitudes exactly agree with the pp-wave limit of Schur polynomial correlators in N = 4 SYM computed by Corley, Jevicki and Ramgoolam. By making a slight change of variables the same instanton equation is mathematically transformed into the Basu-Harvey equation which describes the system of M2-branes ending on M5-branes. As it turns out, the solutions to the sourceless Laplace equation on an n-sheeted Riemann space correspond to n M5-branes connected by M2-branes and we find general solutions representing M2-branes ending on multiple M5-branes. Among other solutions, the n = 3 case describes an M2-branes junction ending on three M5-branes. The effective theory on the moduli space of our solutions might shed light on the low energy effective theory of multiple M5-branes.

  18. Deleção 22q11.2 em pacientes com defeito cardíaco conotruncal e fenótipo da síndrome da deleção 22q11.2 Deleción 22q11.2 en pacientes con defecto cardiaco conotruncal y fenotipo del síndrome de la deleción 22q11.2 22q11.2 deletion in patients with conotruncal heart defect and del22q syndrome phenotype

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Sintia Iole Nogueira Belangero

    2009-04-01

    Full Text Available FUNDAMENTO: A síndrome da deleção 22q11.2 é a mais freqüente síndrome de microdeleção humana. O fenótipo é altamente variável e caracterizado por defeito cardíaco conotruncal, dismorfias faciais, insuficiência velofaríngea, dificuldade de aprendizagem e retardo mental. OBJETIVO: O objetivo deste trabalho foi investigar a freqüência da deleção 22q11.2 em uma amostra brasileira de indivíduos portadores de cardiopatia conontrucal isolada e do fenótipo da síndrome da deleção 22q11.2. MÉTODOS: Vinte e nove pacientes foram estudados por meio de citogenética clássica, por hibridação in situ fluorescente (FISH e por técnicas moleculares. RESULTADOS: A análise citogenética por meio de bandamento G revelou cariótipo normal em todos os pacientes, com exceção de um que apresentou cariótipo 47,XX,+idic(22(q11.2. Com o uso de técnicas moleculares, a deleção foi observada em 25% dos pacientes, todos portadores do fenótipo da síndrome da deleção 22q11.2. Em nenhum dos casos, a deleção foi herdada dos pais. A freqüência da deleção 22q11.2 foi maior no grupo de pacientes portadores do espectro clínico da síndrome da deleção 22q11.2 do que no grupo de pacientes com cardiopatia conotruncal isolada. CONCLUSÃO: A investigação da presença da deleção e sua correlação com os dados clínicos dos pacientes podem auxiliar os pacientes e suas famílias a terem um melhor aconselhamento genético e um seguimento clínico mais adequado.FUNDAMENTO: El síndrome de la deleción 22q11.2 es el más frecuente síndrome de microdeleción humana. El fenotipo, altamente variable, se caracteriza por defecto cardiaco conotruncal, dismorfias faciales, insuficiencia velofaríngea, dificultad de aprendizaje y retardo mental. OBJETIVO: El objetivo de este trabajo fue investigar la frecuencia tanto de la deleción 22q11.2 en una muestra brasileña de individuos portadores de cardiopatía conotrucal aislada, como del fenotipo del s

  19. M-theory solutions invariant under D(2,1; γ) + D(2,1;γ)

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Bachas, C.; D'Hoker, E.; Estes, J.; Krym, D.

    2014-01-01

    We simplify and extend the construction of half-BPS solutions to 11-dimensional supergravity, with isometry superalgebra D(2,1;γ) + D(2,1;γ). Their space-time has the form AdS 3 x S 3 x S 3 warped over a Riemann surface Σ. It describes near-horizon geometries of M2 branes ending on, or intersecting with, M5 branes along a common string. The general solution to the BPS equations is specified by a reduced set of data (γ, h, G), where γ is the real parameter of the isometry superalgebra, and h and G are functions on Σ whose differential equations and regularity conditions depend only on the sign of γ. The magnitude of γ enters only through the map of h,G onto the supergravity fields, thereby promoting all solutions into families parametrized by vertical stroke γ vertical stroke. By analyzing the regularity conditions for the supergravity fields, we prove two general theorems: (i) that the only solution with a 2-dimensional CFT dual is AdS 3 x S 3 x S 3 x R 2 , modulo discrete identifications of the flat R 2 , and (ii) that solutions with γ 4 /Z 2 or AdS 7 ' regions; highly-curved M5-branes; and a coordinate singularity called the ''cap''. By putting these ''Lego'' pieces together we recover all known global regular solutions with the above symmetry, including the self-dual strings on M5 for γ 0, but now promoted to families parametrized by vertical stroke γ vertical stroke. We also construct exactly new regular solutions which are asymptotic to AdS 4 /Z 2 for γ 0 solutions with highly curved M5-brane regions, which are the formal continuation of the self-dual string solutions across the decompactification point at γ = 0. (Copyright copyright 2014 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH and Co. KGaA, Weinheim)

  20. Prevalence and distribution of type 2 diabetes mellitus in Mexican adult population: a probabilistic survey Prevalencia y distribuición de la diabetes mellitus tipo 2 en población adulta mexicana: una encuesta probabilística

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Salvador Villalpando

    2010-01-01

    Full Text Available OBJECTIVE: To describe the prevalence, distribution and degree of control of type 2 diabetes (T2D in Mexican population. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Subjects were classified as previously diagnosed T2D (PD; or as "finding of the survey" (FS (glucose >126 mg/dL. Hemoglobin A1c was measured in PD-subjects. RESULTS: The prevalence for PD-T2D was 7.34% (95%CI 6.3, 8.5 and for FS 7.07% (95%CI 6.1, 8.1, summing 14.42%; (7.3 million diabetics. 5.3% of PD-T2D were in good, 38.4% in poor and 56.2% very poor control. Older age (OR=0.96, 95%CI 0.94, 0.97, lower BMI (OR=0.95, 95%CI 0.91, 1.0, were protective for poor control. Affiliation to private services (OR=1.77, 95%CI 0.98, 3.13, larger T2D duration (OR=1.05, 95%CI 1.01, 1.08, and combining oral medication and insulin (OR=16.1, 95%CI 1.61, 161 were riskier. CONCLUSIONS: We found an alarming prevalence of T2D in Mexican population; the majority of PD diabetics are in poor control. Research on the latter is warranted.OBJETIVO: Describir la prevalencia, distribución y grado de control de diabetes tipo 2 (DT2 en población mexicana. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Los sujetos fueron clasificados como "previamente diagnosticados" (PD o "hallazgos de la encuesta" (FS (glucosa >126 mg/dL. La hemoglobina A1c se midió en DT2-PD. RESULTADOS: La prevalencia de DT2-PD fue 7.34% (IC95% 6.3, 8.5 y 7.07%.(IC95% 6.1, 8.1 para FS, sumando 14.42% (7.3 millones de diabéticos. Los DT2-PD tenían 5.3% control bueno, 38.4%, malo y 56.2% muy malo. Tener mayor edad (RM=0.96, IC95% 0.95, 0.97 o IMC más bajo (RM=0.95, IC95% 0.91, 1.0 fueron protectores contra mal control. Atenderse en servicios médicos privados (RM=1.77, IC95% 0.98, 3.13, larga duración de DT2 (RM=1.05, IC95% 1.01, 1.08 o recibir hipoglucemiantes más insulina (RM=16.1, IC95% 1.61, 161 fueron de riesgo. CONCLUSIONES: Existe una prevalencia alarmante de DT2 en la población mexicana, la mayoría de los PD-DT2 tenían mal control glicémico. Se necesita más investigaci

  1. Cyclooxygenase-2 inhibition blocks M2 macrophage differentiation and suppresses metastasis in murine breast cancer model.

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    Yi-Rang Na

    Full Text Available Tumor cells are often associated with abundant macrophages that resemble the alternatively activated M2 subset. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs inhibit anti-tumor immune responses and promote metastasis. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2 inhibition is known to prevent breast cancer metastasis. This study hypothesized that COX-2 inhibition affects TAM characteristics potentially relevant to tumor cell metastasis. We found that the specific COX-2 inhibitor, etodolac, inhibited human M2 macrophage differentiation, as determined by decreased CD14 and CD163 expressions and increased TNFα production. Several key metastasis-related mediators, such as vascular endothelial growth factor-A, vascular endothelial growth factor-C, and matrix metalloproteinase-9, were inhibited in the presence of etodolac as compared to untreated M2 macrophages. Murine bone marrow derived M2 macrophages also showed enhanced surface MHCII IA/IE and CD80, CD86 expressions together with enhanced TNFα expressions with etodolac treatment during differentiation. Using a BALB/c breast cancer model, we found that etodolac significantly reduced lung metastasis, possibly due to macrophages expressing increased IA/IE and TNFα, but decreased M2 macrophage-related genes expressions (Ym1, TGFβ. In conclusion, COX-2 inhibition caused loss of the M2 macrophage characteristics of TAMs and may assist prevention of breast cancer metastasis.

  2. Access Control in IoT/M2M - Cloud Platform

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Anggorojati, Bayu

    Billions of devices are connected to the Internet nowadays, and the number will continue to grow in the future thanks to the advances in the electronics and telecommunication technology developments. Its application in broad aspects of human’s life brings a lot of benefits by improving productivity...... and quality of life. This paradigm, which is often called Internet of Things (IoT) or Machine-to-Machine (M2M), will provide an unprecedented opportunity to create applications and services that go far beyond the mere purpose of each participant. Many studies on the both technical and social aspects of Io......T have shown that the concern about the security and privacy play a huge role for the mass adoption of the IoT/M2M as cloud services. Among the important topics within the security and privacy, the access control is an important mechanism, which essentially manages how the important assets or resource...

  3. TNF Counterbalances the Emergence of M2 Tumor Macrophages

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    Franz Kratochvill

    2015-09-01

    Full Text Available Cancer can involve non-resolving, persistent inflammation where varying numbers of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs infiltrate and adopt different activation states between anti-tumor M1 and pro-tumor M2 phenotypes. Here, we resolve a cascade causing differential macrophage phenotypes in the tumor microenvironment. Reduction in TNF mRNA production or loss of type I TNF receptor signaling resulted in a striking pattern of enhanced M2 mRNA expression. M2 gene expression was driven in part by IL-13 from eosinophils co-recruited with inflammatory monocytes, a pathway that was suppressed by TNF. Our data define regulatory nodes within the tumor microenvironment that balance M1 and M2 populations. Our results show macrophage polarization in cancer is dynamic and dependent on the balance between TNF and IL-13, thus providing a strategy for manipulating TAMs.

  4. Grado de control metabólico y de factores de riesgo cardiovascular en pacientes con diabetes tipo 2 con y sin enfermedad cardiovascular

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Gerardo Garzón

    2015-11-01

    Conclusiones: En torno a la mitad de los pacientes con diabetes tipo 2 tienen medido cada factor de riesgo cardiovascular. El porcentaje de pacientes con factores controlados es similar a lo publicado y es mayor en los pacientes con enfermedad cardiovascular, pero mejorable. Esto sugiere priorizar las intervenciones en este grupo de pacientes de muy alto riesgo, mejorando la implementación de guías y la adherencia de los pacientes.

  5. Cyclic AMP is a key regulator of M1 to M2a phenotypic conversion of microglia in the presence of Th2 cytokines.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ghosh, Mousumi; Xu, Yong; Pearse, Damien D

    2016-01-13

    Microglia and macrophages play a central role in neuroinflammation. Pro-inflammatory cytokines trigger their conversion to a classically activated (M1) phenotype, sustaining inflammation and producing a cytotoxic environment. Conversely, anti-inflammatory cytokines polarize the cells towards an alternatively activated (M2), tissue reparative phenotype. Elucidation of the signal transduction pathways involved in M1 to M2 phenotypic conversion may provide insight into how the innate immune response can be harnessed during distinct phases of disease or injury to mediate neuroprotection and neurorepair. Microglial cells (cell line and primary) were subjected to combined cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cyclic AMP) and IL-4, or either alone, in the presence of pro-inflammatory mediators, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), or tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). Their effects on the expression of characteristic markers for M1 and M2 microglia were assessed. Similarly, the M1 and M2 phenotypes of microglia and macrophages within the lesion site were then evaluated following a contusive spinal cord injury (SCI) to the thoracic (T8) spinal cord of rats and mice when the agents were administered systemically. It was demonstrated that cyclic AMP functions synergistically with IL-4 to promote M1 to M2 conversion of microglia in culture. The combination of cyclic AMP and IL-4, but neither alone, induced an Arg-1(+)/iNOS(-)cell phenotype with concomitant expression of other M2-specific markers including TG2 and RELM-α. M2-converted microglia showed ameliorated production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IP-10) and reactive oxygen species, with no alteration in phagocytic properties. M2a conversion required protein kinase A (PKA), but not the exchange protein directly activated by cyclic AMP (EPAC). Systemic delivery of cyclic AMP and IL-4 after experimental SCI also promoted a significant M1 to M2a phenotypic change in microglia and macrophage population dynamics in the lesion

  6. Método predictivo de volatilidad tipo cambio

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    Jeffrey Viales Abellán

    2011-01-01

    Full Text Available Las series temporales descritas por precios de ciertos activos financieros tales como el de las acciones y divisas presentan dos principales características, excesos de kurtosis y clustering de volatilidad. Para recoger estas características se han utilizado modelos no lineales tales como los modelos Garch o Volatilidad Condicionada y los modelos de Volatilidad Estocástica, ambos tipos de modelo son empleados para la gestión del riesgo cambiario a corto plazo; el primer tipo de modelos definen la volatilidad en función de la misma volatilidad rezagada y de los shocks (innovaciones de volatilidad; el segundo tipo de modelos son similares a los modelos Garch con la variante de que la volatilidad incluye por si misma un término aleatorio de tipo proceso Wienner2; estos modelos son empleados para simular caminatas aleatorias del tipo de cambio con volatilidades simuladas por las ecuación estocásticas de volatilidad.En el presente trabajo se analizará el desempeño del modelo Garch en comparación a las medidas de volatilidad utilizadas actualmente para la gestión del riesgo cambiario; sus implicaciones para la gestión de riesgos.

  7. Ho3+/Yb3+ co-doped TeO2-BaF2-Y2O3 glasses for ∼1.2 μm laser applications

    Science.gov (United States)

    Wang, Shunbin; Li, Chengzhi; Yao, Chuanfei; Jia, Shijie; Jia, Zhixu; Qin, Guanshi; Qin, Weiping

    2017-02-01

    Intense ∼1.2 μm fluorescence is observed in Ho3+/Yb3+ co-doped TeO2-BaF2-Y2O3 glasses under 915 nm laser diode excitation. The 1.2 μm emission can be ascribed to the transition 5I6→5I8 of Ho3+. With the introducing of BaF2, the content of OH in the glasses drops markedly, and the 1.2 μm emission intensity increases gradually as increasing the concentration percentage of BaF2. Furthermore, microstructured fibers based on the TeO2-BaF2-Y2O3 glasses are fabricated by using a rod-in-tube method, and a relative positive gain of ∼9.42 dB at 1175.3 nm is obtained in a 5 cm long fiber.

  8. The OSp(32 vertical stroke 1) versus OSp(8 vertical stroke 2) supersymmetric M-brane action from self-dual (2,2) strings

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Ketov, S.V.

    1996-09-01

    Taking the (2,2) strings as a starting point, we discuss the equivalent self-dual field theories and analyze their symmetry structure in 2+2 dimensions from the viewpoint of string/membrane unification. Requiring the 'Lorentz' invariance and supersymmetry in the (2,2) string target space leads to an extension of the (2,2) string theory to a theory of 2+2 dimensional supermembranes (M-branes) propagating in a higher dimensional target space. The origin of the hidden target space dimensions of the M-brane is related to the maximally extended supersymmetry implied by the 'Lorentz' covariance and dimensional reasons. The Kaehler-Chern-Simons-type action describing the self-dual gravity in 2+2 dimensions is proposed. Its maximal supersymmetrization (of the Green-Schwarz-type) naturally leads to the 2+10 (or higher) dimensions for the M-brane target space. The proposed OSp(32 vertical stroke 1) supersymmetric action gives the pre-geometrical description of M-branes, which may be useful for a fundamental formulation of F and M theory. (orig.)

  9. Seroprevalencia de la infección por el virus herpes simplex tipo 2 en tres grupos poblacionales de la Ciudad de México Herpes simplex virus type 2 seroprevalence among three female population groups from Mexico City

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Carlos J Conde-González

    2003-01-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Determinar la seroprevalencia de infección por el virus herpes simplex tipo 2 y los factores epidemiológicos asociados a ella, en tres grupos de población femenina de la Ciudad de México. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Estudio transversal efectuado en el año 2000, que incluyó mujeres de la Ciudad de México diagnosticadas con cáncer de mama, cáncer cervical , y mujeres de población general negativas al Papanicolaou. Todas las participantes proporcionaron su consentimiento informado para responder un cuestionario sociodemográfico y de vida sexual, y permitir la toma de una muestra sanguínea. La presencia de anticuerpos contra el virus herpes simplex tipo 2 entre las mujeres se realizó por la técnica de "Western blot"específica para el virus herpes simplex tipo 2; las asociaciones entre estos resultados y los datos de la encuesta se analizaron estadísticamente, de manera cruda y ajustada. RESULTADOS: Las mujeres concáncer cervical tuvieron una seroprevalencia de infección por el virus herpes simplex tipo 2 de 46.8% (191/408; las de población general negativas al Papanicolaou de 29.3% (214/730, y aquellas con cáncer de mama de 22.6% (29/128. Las variables asociadas significativamente a la seropositividad contra este virus fueron la edad creciente, el aumento en el número de parejas sexuales, tener cáncer cervical, y entre las mujeres con esa patología, el inicio antes de los 21 años de edad de la actividad sexual y el estar divorciadas o separadas. CONCLUSIONES: Los hallazgos observados revelaron diferencias estadísticas en la seroprevalencia del virus herpes, de acuerdo con los grupos poblacionales estudiados. La frecuencia global de la infección viral entre las participantes las sitúa en un riesgo intermedio, en comparación con otros grupos poblacionales que en México son de alto y bajo riesgo (trabajadoras sexuales y estudiantes universitarias, respectivamente, analizados en años recientes. Las principales caracter

  10. The singlet-triplet energy gap in divalent three, five and seven-membered cyclic C2H2M, C4H4M and C6H6M (M = C, Si, Ge, Sn AND Pb

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    E. Vessally

    2009-08-01

    Full Text Available Total energy gaps, ∆Et–s, enthalpy gaps, ∆Ht–s, and Gibbs free energy gaps, ∆Gt–s, between singlet (s and triplet (t states were calculated for three, five and seven-membered cyclic C2H2M, C4H4M and C6H6M (M = C, Si, Ge, Sn and Pb at B3LYP/6-311++G**. The singlet-triplet free energy gaps, ∆Gt–s, for C2H2M (M = C, Si, Ge, Sn and Pb are found to be increased in the order: C2H2Si > C2H2C > C2H2Ge > C2H2Sn > C2H2Pb. The ∆Gt–s of C4H4M are found to be increased in the order: C4H4Pb > C4H4Sn > C4H4Ge > C4H4Si > C4H4C. Also, the ∆Gt–s of C6H6M are determined in the order: C6H6Pb > C6H6Ge ≥ C6H6Sn > C6H6Si > C6H6C. The most stable conformers of C2H2M, C4H4M and C6H6M are proposed for both the singlet and triplet states. Nuclear independent chemical shifts (NICS calculations were carried out for determination of aromatic character. The geometrical parameters are calculated and discussed.

  11. Multigenerational inheritance and clinical characteristics of three large pedigrees with early-onset type 2 diabetes in Jamaica Herencia multigeneracional y características clínicas de la diabetes tipo 2 de inicio temprano en tres árboles genealógicos grandes de Jamaica

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    James L. Mills

    2010-06-01

    Full Text Available OBJECTIVE: To document the existence and clinical characteristics of three large families with multigenerational inheritance of early-onset type 2 diabetes in Jamaica. METHODS: Three probands from large families with multigenerational inheritance of early-onset type 2 diabetes in at least three generations were detected at the University Hospital of the West Indies in Jamaica. Each proband at the time of diagnosis was OBJETIVO: Documentar la presencia de herencia multigeneracional de la diabetes de tipo II de inicio temprano en tres familias jamaiquinas grandes y describir sus características clínicas. MÉTODOS: En el Hospital Universitario de West Indies en Jamaica, se detectaron tres probandos de familias grandes en las que se observó herencia multigeneracional de la diabetes tipo 2 de inicio temprano en al menos tres generaciones. Al momento del diagnóstico, cada probando tenía # 25 años de edad, era delgado y no necesitó insulinoterapia. Se emprendieron estudios clínicos, metabólicos y genéticos con el fin de determinar las características particulares de la diabetes que presentan estas tres familias. RESULTADOS: Se investigaron tres árboles genealógicos -BK, SU y CA- conformados por 38, 48 y 113 miembros, respectivamente. Cada árbol presentaba herencia multigeneracional de diabetes tipo 2 de inicio temprano en al menos tres generaciones. En los tres árboles genealógicos, la media de la edad al momento del diagnóstico fue de 31,5 ± 2,9 años y 10 personas tenían menos de 25 años. Se observaron signos indicativos de sobrepeso, resistencia insulínica, baja secreción de insulina, dislipidemia y obesidad intrabdominal leve. No se hallaron anticuerpos contra las células de los islotes ni variantes en la secuencia de los genes MODY1 a MODY6. CONCLUSIONES: Algunas familias grandes de la población jamaiquina presentan herencia multigeneracional de la diabetes y otras características indicativas de diabetes tipo 2 de inicio

  12. Avaliação do tipo de diamante de benzel em pacientes portadores de mielopatia cervical Evaluación del tipo de diamante de benzel en pacientes con mielopatia cervical Evaluation of the type of benzel's diamond in patients with cervical myelopathy

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    Rodrigo Rezende

    2012-12-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Difundir o método de Benzel para aferição da angulação cervical e quantificar a prevalência de cada tipo de diamante de Benzel em 30 pacientes portadores de mielopatia cervical com indicação cirúrgica. MÉTODOS: Estudo retrospectivo de pacientes portadores de mielopatia cervical submetidos a tratamento cirúrgico. Foram analisadas radiografias em perfil da coluna cervical onde se aferiram os tipos diamante de Benzel usando técnicas descritas pelo próprio Benzel. Excluímos do estudo aqueles pacientes que desenvolveram a doença após traumas, que foram submetidos reoperações ou aqueles que não forneceram radiografias em perfil adequadas para aferição. RESULTADOS: Foram avaliados 30 pacientes, sendo 25 deles do sexo masculino, com idade entre 30 e 74 anos (média de 52,4 anos. Após a realização das medidas foram encontrados 24 pacientes com diamantes do tipo A (80%, 2 do tipo B (6,7% e 4 tipo C (13,3%. CONCLUSÃO: O diamante de Benzel tipo "A" foi encontrado em 80% dos pacientes portadores de mielopatia cervical no período pré-operatório.OBJETIVO: Difundir el método de Benzel para la medición del ángulo cervical y cuantificar la prevalencia de cada tipo de diamante Benzel en 30 pacientes portadores de mielopatía cervical con indicación quirúrgica. MÉTODOS: Estudio retrospectivo de los pacientes con mielopatía cervical sometidos a tratamiento quirúrgico. Se analizaron las radiografías de perfil de la columna cervical, donde se midieron los tipos de diamante utilizando las técnicas descritas por el mismo Benzel. Se excluyeron del estudio los pacientes que desarrollaron la enfermedad después de trauma, que fueron sometidos a reoperaciones o los que no han presentado adecuadas radiografías de perfil para la medición. RESULTADOS: Se evaluaron 30 pacientes entre los cuales 25 eran del sexo masculino, con edades comprendidas entre 30 y 74 años (promedio de 52,4 años. Después de la realización de las

  13. Asociación entre diabetes mellitus tipo 2 y actividad física en personas con antecedentes familiares de diabetes

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Fanny Petermann

    2018-05-01

    Full Text Available Resumen: Objetivo: Investigar si la asociación entre diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DMT2 y antecedentes familiares de DMT2 resulta modificada por los niveles de actividad física en población chilena. Método: Se incluyeron en el estudio 5129 participantes de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud de Chile. El tiempo destinado a realizar actividad física se determinó por el cuestionario GPAQ v2, y los antecedentes familiares mediante el autorreporte de cada participante. La asociación entre DMT2, antecedentes familiares de DMT2 y actividad física fue investigada por sexo mediante regresión logística. Resultados: El riesgo de desarrollar DMT2 en personas con antecedentes familiares de esta enfermedad es elevado, independientemente de su nivel de actividad física y de su adiposidad. Tanto las mujeres como los hombres físicamente inactivos y con antecedentes familiares de DMT2 presentan mayor probabilidad de desarrollar DMT2 (odds ratio [OR] mujeres: 5,49; intervalo de confianza del 95% [IC95%]: 3,85-7,84; p <0,0001; y OR hombres: 8,16; IC95%: 4,96-13,4; p <0,0001, comparados con sus pares sin antecedentes familiares y activos físicamente. Conclusión: Dado el alto riesgo de desarrollar DMT2 que presentan los individuos con antecedentes familiares de esta enfermedad, y el efecto de la actividad física en la disminución de dicho riesgo, es esencial incrementar los niveles de actividad física en la población que presenta mayor susceptibilidad a DMT2. Abstract: Objective: To investigate whether the association between type 2 diabetes (T2D and family history of diabetes is modified by the levels of physical activity in the Chilean population. Method: In this study were included 5129 participants from the cross-sectional 2009-2010 National Health Survey. Physical activity level was assessed using the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire and family history of T2D, through self-reporting. The association between diabetes, family history of diabetes and

  14. Produtividade de genótipos de maracujazeiro azedo sob doses de potássio, no Distrito Federal

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Oliveira Aurélio Tinoco de

    2003-01-01

    Full Text Available Objetivando avaliar o efeito de três diferentes níveis de adubação potássica sobre a produção do maracujazeiro azedo (Passiflora edulis Sims e P. edulis Sims f. flavicarpa Deg., foi realizado um experimento na Fazenda Água Limpa da Universidade de Brasília de dezembro/1999 a maio/2001, utilizando-se o delineamento em blocos casualizados, em esquema fatorial 9x3, sendo nove genótipos e três níveis de adubação potássica, totalizando 27 tratamentos, quatro repetições e nove plantas úteis/parcela. Os genótipos avaliados foram: Híbrido EC-2-0; Marília Seleção Cerrado; F1 (Roxo Fiji x Marília; Porto Rico; Vermelhão (RC1; F1 (Marília x Roxo australiano; Redondão; IAC-273 e Itaquiraí. Os três níveis de adubação potássica aplicados foram de 0, 640 e 1280 kg de K2O ha-1, utilizando-se como fonte o cloreto de potássio. Ao final de cinco meses de colheita os genótipos híbrido EC-2-0 e Marília Seleção Cerrado foram os que apresentaram as maiores produções (21.675 e 21.577 kg ha-1 e maiores números de frutos por planta (155,28 e 149,24, respectivamente. O peso médio de fruto variou de 88g (Itaquiraí até 103,42g (F1 - Marília x Roxo Australiano. As doses de adubação potássica influenciaram as seguintes variáveis estudadas: produção de frutos de primeira ha-1; produção frutos totais ha-1; peso médio de frutos de primeira e peso médio de frutos 1A. A interação genótipos x adubação potássica apresentou diferença estatística para o número de frutos de primeira/planta para uma dosagem de 640 kg K2O ha-1.

  15. Avian metapneumovirus M2:2 protein inhibits replication in Vero cells: modification facilitates live vaccine development.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Clubbe, Jayne; Naylor, Clive J

    2011-11-28

    Throughout the world, avian metapneumovirus (AMPV) infection of subtype A is principally controlled by two live vaccines both derived from UK field strain #8544. Improvements of those vaccines by use of reverse genetics technology was found to be hampered by the inability of #8544 to replicate in the commonly exploited Vero cell based reverse genetics system. A systematic reverse genetics based genome modification of a DNA copy of #8544, employing sequence data from a Vero grown, #8544 derived, live vaccine; was used to determine mutations required to facilitate virus recovery and replication in Vero cells. This identified a single coding substitution in the M2:2 reading frame as responsible. Furthermore, ablation of M2:2 was found to elicit the same outcome. M2:2 sequence analysis of seven AMPVs found Vero cell adaption to be associated with non similar amino acid changes in M2:2. The study shows that M2:2 modification of field virus #8544 will enable research leading to improved vaccines. This may have more general application to other AMPV field strains. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  16. Type checking mCRL2

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Keiren, J.J.A.; Reniers, M.A.

    2011-01-01

    In this paper we present a type system for the data language of mCRL2, a process algebra based language for formalising the behaviour of communicating system. Much of the type system is standard, and follows the line of, e.g., Pierce [Pie02]. The data language that is described is rich, and supports

  17. Biocheminių ir imuninių tyrimų reikšmė sergantiems 1 ir 2 tipo cukriniu diabetu

    OpenAIRE

    Tekoriūtė, Greta

    2017-01-01

    The aim of the study: To assess the significance of biochemical and immunological markers for the differential diagnosis of type 1 and 2 diabetes. The objectives of the study. 1. To identify the difference of biochemical and immunological markers among the patients affected with type 1 and type 2 diabetes. 2. To determine the interface of biochemical and immunological markers according to the age and sex of the patients affected with type 1 and type 2 diabetes. 3. To determine the frequenc...

  18. Análisis de costo-efectividad del uso de Detemir en pacientes con diabetes tipo 2 en riesgo de presentar eventos cardiovasculares y muerte en Colombia

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Martín Romero Prada

    2014-01-01

    Full Text Available Objetivo: Analizar la costo-efectividad del uso de Detemir frente a otras insulinas (Glargine e NPH para tratamiento de diabetes tipo 2 en Colombia. Métodos: Mediante un modelo de Markov se analizó la costo-efectividad desde la perspectiva del tercero pagador, en una cohorte de 10000 personas de 45 años, en un horizonte temporal de 5 años. Como desenlaces se evaluaron eventos cardiovasculares y muertes evitadas –medidas en Años de Vida Salvados (AVS– relacionadas con eventos de hipoglicemia severa. Los costos se tomaron de bases de datos de prestadores de servicios de salud a precios 2013. Se utilizó una tasa de descuento del 3% para costos y resultados. Se aplicó un análisis de sensibilidad para comprobar la robustez del modelo. Resultados: Detemir presentó un menor número de eventos de hipoglicemia severa (730 frente a Glargine (1.910 y NPH (2.140, y un menor número de eventos macrovasculares (1.053 y microvasculares (1.019 frente a Glargine (1.116, 1.037, respectivamente y NPH (1.129 y 1.042, respectivamente. Detemir evitó 122 y 147 muertes frente a Glargine y NPH, respectivamente, equivalentes a 4.233 y 3.513 AVS, respectivamente. Tras el descuento el ICER por AVS con Detemir frente a Glargine fue de USD $ 998,39 y frente a NPH fue de USD $4.096,86. En el análisis de sensibilidad tipo Montecarlo, Detemir se mantiene costo-efectivo en el 100% de los casos, según el umbral propuesto por la OMS. Conclusiones: Detemir, desde la perspectiva del tercero pagador, es costo-efectivo frente a Glargine y NPH para tratamiento de diabetes tipo 2 en Colombia.

  19. From N=2 strings to M-theory

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Ketov, S.V.

    1997-01-01

    Taking the N=2 strings as the starting point, we discuss the equivalent self-dual field theories and analyze their symmetry structure in 2 + 2 dimensions. Restoring the full 'Lorentz' invariance in the target space necessarily leads to an extension of the N=2 string theory to a theory of 2 + 2 dimensional supermembranes propagating in 2 + 10 dimensional target space. The supermembrane requires maximal conformal supersymmetry in 2 + 2 dimensions, in the way advocated by Siegel, and it leads to the self-dual N=4 super-Yang-Mills theory and the self-dual N=8 (gauged) supergravity in 2+2 dimensions. The N=2 strings now appear on equal footing with the other string models as particular limits of the M-theory. (orig.)

  20. Rates of E1, E2, M1, and M2 transitions in Ni II

    Science.gov (United States)

    Cassidy, C. M.; Hibbert, A.; Ramsbottom, C. A.

    2016-03-01

    Aims: We present rates for all E1, E2, M1, and M2 transitions among the 295 fine-structure levels of the configurations 3d9, 3d84s, 3d74s2, 3d84p, and 3d74s4p, determined through an extensive configuration interaction calculation. Methods: The CIV3 code developed by Hibbert and coworkers is used to determine for these levels configuration interaction wave functions with relativistic effects introduced through the Breit-Pauli approximation. Results: Two different sets of calculations have been undertaken with different 3d and 4d functions to ascertain the effect of such variation. The main body of the text includes a representative selection of data, chosen so that key points can be discussed. Some analysis to assess the accuracy of the present data has been undertaken, including comparison with earlier calculations and the more limited range of experimental determinations. The full set of transition data is given in the supplementary material as it is very extensive. Conclusions: We believe that the present transition data are the best currently available. Full Table 4 and Tables 5-8 are only available at the CDS via anonymous ftp to http://cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr (ftp://130.79.128.5) or via http://cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/qcat?J/A+A/587/A107

  1. Leptina e aldosterona na atividade simpática na hipertensão resistente, com ou sem Diabetes Tipo 2

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Leandro Boer-Martins

    2012-07-01

    Full Text Available FUNDAMENTO: A descoberta da leptina como um estimulador da atividade simpática trouxe uma nova perspectiva para os mecanismos fisiopatológicos da obesidade-hipertensão. OBJETIVO: Avaliamos a relação entre a atividade simpática aumentada e as concentrações plasmáticas de leptina e aldosterona em Hipertensos Resistentes (HR, comparando os grupos com e sem Diabetes Tipo 2 (DT2. MÉTODOS: Vinte e cinco pacientes HR foram avaliados por eletrocardiografia ambulatorial para análise da Variabilidade da Frequência Cardíaca (VFC nos domínios do tempo e frequência, os quais foram estratificados em dois períodos: 24 horas e período Diurno (D, compreendendo as medidas entre 14 e 18h (domínio do tempo e uma hora às 15h (domínio da frequência. RESULTADOS: O grupo DT2 (n = 10 apresentou maiores concentrações de aldosterona e leptina que o grupo não DT2 (n = 15 (26,0 ± 11,5 vs. 16,9 ± 7,0 ng/dL - p = 0,021; 81,368.7 ± 47,086.1 vs. 41,228.1 ± 24,523.1 pg/mL - p = 0,048, respectivamente. Houve correlação entre aldosterona e VFC no domínio da frequência em ambos os grupos. Não-DT2 apresentaram a aldosterona correlacionada com D baixa frequência em unidades normalizadas (BFnu (r = 0,6 [0,12 - 0,85] p = 0,018 e D alta frequência em unidades normalizadas (AFnu (r = -0,6 [-0,85 - -0,12] p = 0,018. No grupo com diabetes, a aldosterona correlacionou-se com DBFnu (r = 0,72 [0,16 - 0,93] p = 0,019 e DAFnu (r = -0,72 [-0,93 - -0,16] p = 0,019. Apesar da importância da leptina na atividade simpática aumentada na hipertensão, não houve correlação com VFC. CONCLUSÃO: A aldosterona parece estimular a atividade simpática em HR com ou sem DT2. Essa informação combinada com a eficácia clínica dos bloqueadores de receptor mineralocorticoide em HR pode reforçar a aldosterona como alvo terapêutico relevantes em HR. (Arq Bras Cardiol. 2012; [online].ahead print, PP.0-0

  2. A influência do turno de trabalho em pacientes com diabetes mellitus tipo 2 The influence of the work shift in patients with type 2 diabetes

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ticiana C. Rodrigues

    2008-04-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVOS: O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a relação entre trabalho em turnos e pacientes diabéticos tipo 2. MÉTODOS: Um estudo transversal foi realizado em uma coorte de 95 pacientes diabéticos que trabalham no Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre. Os pacientes foram divididos em dois grupos de acordo com o turno de trabalho noturno e diurno. Os pacientes foram submetidos à avaliação clínica e laboratorial. RESULTADOS: Não houve diferença significativa em relação à idade, sexo, duração do diabetes, índice de massa corporal, glicemia de jejum, teste A1c, triglicerídeos, colesterol total, LDL colesterol, HDL colesterol, creatinina sérica e ácido úrico. Maior média de circunferência abdominal foi encontrada no grupo de trabalhadores noturnos. CONCLUSÃO: A circunferência abdominal foi mais elevada no grupo de trabalhadores noturnos. Isto pode ser um indicativo de maior resistência insulínica neste grupo de pacientes. Nossa pesquisa indica que o trabalho em turnos não esta associado com piora no controle metabólico em indivíduos diabéticos, nem com a presença de nefropatia diabética.OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the work shift and diabetic patients. METHODS: A cross-section study was performed in a cohort of 95 type 2 diabetic patients that work in the Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre. Patients were divided into 2 groups according to the shift, day or night work. Patients underwent clinical and laboratory evaluations. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in age, gender, diabetes duration, body mass index, blood pressure, fasting glucose, A1c (1%, triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, serum creatinine and uric acid. A higher average of waist circumference was found in the group of night workers. CONCLUSION: Waist circumference was greater in the group of night workers; which may be indicative of insulin resistance in this group

  3. Prevalencia y factores asociados de la automonitorización glucémica en pacientes diabéticos tipo 2 no tratados con insulina en la Comunidad Valenciana

    OpenAIRE

    Cano-Blanquer, Diego; Cervera-Casino, Pedro; Peiró-Moreno, Salvador; Mateu-García, Mónica; Barreda-Aznar, Amparo

    2013-01-01

    Fundamentos: La utilidad de la automonitorización de la glucemia (AMGS) en pacientes con diabetes tipo 2 (DM2) no tratados con insulina (NTI) es objeto de controversia. Los objetivos de este trabajo son describir la prevalencia de AMGS en sujetos con DM2 NTI en la Comunidad Valenciana y analizar los factores asociados a su a su uso. Método: Estudio transversal en 83 consultas de atención primaria mediante revisión de la historia clínica electrónica y entrevista a 573 sujetos con DM2-NTI. Se a...

  4. Evaluation of secure capability-based access control in the M2M local cloud platform

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Anggorojati, Bayu; Prasad, Neeli R.; Prasad, Ramjee

    2016-01-01

    delegation. Recently, the capability based access control has been considered as method to manage access in the Internet of Things (IoT) or M2M domain. In this paper, the implementation and evaluation of a proposed secure capability based access control in the M2M local cloud platform is presented......Managing access to and protecting resources is one of the important aspect in managing security, especially in a distributed computing system such as Machine-to-Machine (M2M). One such platform known as the M2M local cloud platform, referring to BETaaS architecture [1], which conceptually consists...... of multiple distributed M2M gateways, creating new challenges in the access control. Some existing access control systems lack in scalability and flexibility to manage access from users or entity that belong to different authorization domains, or fails to provide fine grained and flexible access right...

  5. Frecuencia de maculopatía en pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2: Reporte preliminar Frequency of maculopathy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A preliminary report

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Harberth Fernández Leyva

    2002-08-01

    Full Text Available Se realizó un estudio transversal de 542 pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM2 ICA- reclutados consecutivamente en el Centro de Atención al Diabético. Se les hizo historia clínica completa y examen oftalmológico: biomicroscopia y oftalmoscopia (directa e indirecta y examen con lente de 90 Dp. Se determinó glucemia en ayunas, 2 h después del desayuno y del almuerzo, hemoglobina glucosilada (HbA1 y excreción urinaria de albúmina (EUA. La maculopatía se clasificó en exudativa, edematosa e isquémica, y se relacionó con el sexo, hábito de fumar, tratamientos de la DM, edad actual, edad al comienzo de la enfermedad, presión arterial y las variables bioquímicas: glucemia en ayunas, posprandiales, HbA1 y EUA. Se excluyó la nefropatía clínica (EUA ³ 300 mg/L. Se consideró DM2 de reciente presentación cuando el diagnóstico clínico era menor de 6 meses. Padecían algún tipo de maculopatía 95 (17,5 % pacientes: 49 (9,0 %, formas exudativas; 29 (5,3 %, edematosas y 17 (3,2 %, isquémicas. No se hallaron diferencias significativas con el sexo, hábito de fumar o tratamientos utilizados, al dividirlos según la presencia o no de maculopatía. La duración de la DM fue de 12,4 ± 9,45 años para los pacientes con maculopatía, con diferencia estadísticamente significativa (p A cross-sectional study was conducted among 542 patients with ICA-type 2 diabetes mellitus consecutively recruited at the Diabetic Care Center. A complete medical history and an ophthalmological examination: biomicroscopy and ophthalmoscopy (direct and indirect and examination with lens of 90Dp were made. Fasting glycaemia, 2 hours after breakfast and lunch, glycosilated haemoglobin (HbA1 and urinary albumin excretion (UAE were determined. Maculopathy was classified as exudative, edematous and ischaemic and it was related to sex, smoking habit, treatments of DM, present age, age at the onset of the disease, arterial pressure and biochemical variables, such

  6. Intra-articular sodium hyaluronate 2 mL versus physiological saline 20 mL versus physiological saline 2 mL for painful knee osteoarthritis: a randomized clinical trial

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Lundsgaard, C.; Dufour, N.; Fallentin, E.

    2008-01-01

    , Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS), Osteoarthritis Research Society International (OARSI) criteria, and global assessment of the patient's condition. Results: The mean age of the patients was 69.4 years; 55% were women. The effects of hyaluronate 2 mL, physiological saline 20 m......Objective: Methodological constraints weaken previous evidence on intra-articular viscosupplementation and physiological saline distention for osteoarthritis. We conducted a randomized, patient- and observer-blind trial to evaluate these interventions in patients with painful knee osteoarthritis....... Methods: We centrally randomized 251 patients with knee ostcoarthritis to four weekly intra-articular injections of sodium hyaluronate 2 mL (Hyalgan(R) 10.3 mg/mL) versus physiological saline 20 mL (distention) versus physiological saline 2 mL (placebo) and followed patients for 26 weeks. Inclusion...

  7. Generic programming in the mCRL2 toolset

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Wesselink, J.W.; Wulp, van der J.; Keiren, J.J.A.; Gervais, F.; Fraikin, B.

    2010-01-01

    The mCRL2 tool set [GKM+08] is a tool set for verification and validation of concurrent processes, based on process algebra speci??cations. The mCRL2 language is based on the Algebra of Communicating Processes (ACP), which is extended to include data and time. This paper reports on experiences with

  8. A phylogenetic study of canine parvovirus type 2c in midwestern Brazil Estudo filogenético do parvovírus canino tipo 2c no Centro-Oeste do Brasil

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Danúbia S. Fontana

    2013-02-01

    Full Text Available Since the late 1970s, canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2 has emerged as a causative agent of fatal severe acute hemorrhagic enteritis in dogs. To date, three antigenic types of CPV-2 were described worldwide (CPV-2a/b/c. This study was conducted to determine the variants of CPV-2 circulating in dogs from the Cuiabá Municipality in Midwestern Brazil. Out of 50 fecal samples, collected between 2009 and 2011, 27 tested positive for CPV-2. A 583 bp fragment of the VP2 gene was amplified by PCR, 13 representative samples were analyzed further by DNA sequencing. All strains were characterized as CPV-2c, displayed a low genetic variability although observed several amino acid substitution. These findings indicated that CPV-2c has been circulating in dogs from the Cuiabá Municipality in Midwestern Brazil.Desde o final dos anos de 1970, o parvovírus canino tipo 2 (CPV-2 tem emergido como agente de severa e fatal enterite hemorrágica, principalmente em cães com idade inferior a seis meses. Três variantes antigênicas de CPV-2 foram descritas mundialmente (CPV-2a/b/c. O objetivo do estudo foi determinar a presença do CPV-2 e suas variantes circulantes em cães no Município de Cuiabá, Centro-oeste, Brasil. Das 50 amostras fecais, coletadas entre 2009 e 2011, 27 foram positivas para CPV-2 na PCR, sendo 13 analisadas pelo sequenciamento de um fragmento de 583 pares de base do gene VP2. Todas as cepas foram caracterizadas como CPV-2c e apresentaram baixa variabilidade genética. Estes achados indicaram que o CPV-2c está circulando na população canina do Município de Cuiabá, Região Centro-Oeste do Brasil.

  9. A influência do genótipo da ECA sobre a aptidão cardiovascular de jovens do sexo masculino moderadamente ativos The influence of ACE genotype on cardiovascular fitness of moderately active young men

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jeeser Alves Almeida

    2012-04-01

    Full Text Available FUNDAMENTO: O gene da enzima conversora de angiotensina (gene ECA tem sido amplamente estudado em relação a fenótipos de aptidão cardiorrespiratória, contudo a associação do genótipo da ECA com corridas de meia-distância tem sido pouco investigada. OBJETIVO: O presente estudo investigou a possível influência da enzima conversora de angiotensina (ECA (I/D sobre a aptidão cardiovascular e o desempenho em corridas de meia-distância por parte de brasileiros jovens do sexo masculino. A validade da previsão de VO2max em relação ao genótipo da ECA também foi analisada. MÉTODOS: Um grupo homogêneo de homens jovens moderadamente ativos foi avaliado em um teste de corrida (V1600 m; m.min-1 e em um teste adicional em esteira ergométrica para a determinação de VO2max. Posteriormente, o [(0,177*V1600m + 8.101] VO2max real e previsto foi comparado com os genótipos da ECA. RESULTADOS: O VO2max e V1600m registrados para os genótipos DD, ID e II foram 45,6 (1,8; 51,9 (0,8 e 54,4 (1,0 mL.kg-1.min-1 e 211,2 (8,3; 249,1 (4,3 e 258,6 (5,4 m.min-1, respectivamente e foram significativamente mais baixos para os genótipos DD (p BACKGROUND: The angiotensin I-converting enzyme gene (ACE gene has been broadly studied as for cardiorespiratory fitness phenotypes, but the association of the ACE genotype to middle-distance running has been poorly investigated. OBJECTIVE: This study investigated the possible influence of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE genotype (I/D on cardiovascular fitness and middle-distance running performance of Brazilian young males. The validity of VO2max to predict the ACE genotype was also analyzed. METHODS: A homogeneous group of moderately active young males were evaluated in a 1,600 m running track test (V1600m; m.min-1 and in an incremental treadmill test for VO2max determination. Subsequently, the actual and the predicted [(0.177*V1600m + 8.101] VO2max were compared to ACE genotypes. RESULTS: The VO2max and V1600m

  10. Microporous metal organic framework [M2(hfipbb)2(ted)] (M=Zn, Co; H2hfipbb=4,4-(hexafluoroisopropylidene)-bis(benzoic acid); ted=triethylenediamine): Synthesis, structure analysis, pore characterization, small gas adsorption and CO2/N2 separation properties

    Science.gov (United States)

    Xu, William W.; Pramanik, Sanhita; Zhang, Zhijuan; Emge, Thomas J.; Li, Jing

    2013-04-01

    Carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas that is a major contributor to global warming. Developing methods that can effectively capture CO2 is the key to reduce its emission to the atmosphere. Recent research shows that microporous metal organic frameworks (MOFs) are emerging as a promising family of adsorbents that may be promising for use in adsorption based capture and separation of CO2 from power plant waste gases. In this work we report the synthesis, crystal structure analysis and pore characterization of two microporous MOF structures, [M2(hfipbb)2(ted)] (M=Zn (1), Co (2); H2hfipbb=4,4-(hexafluoroisopropylidene)-bis(benzoic acid); ted=triethylenediamine). The CO2 and N2 adsorption experiments and IAST calculations are carried out on [Zn2(hfipbb)2(ted)] under conditions that mimic post-combustion flue gas mixtures emitted from power plants. The results show that the framework interacts with CO2 strongly, giving rise to relatively high isosteric heats of adsorption (up to 28 kJ/mol), and high adsorption selectivity for CO2 over N2, making it promising for capturing and separating CO2 from CO2/N2 mixtures.

  11. Luminescence of a new class of UV-blue-emitting phosphors MSi2O2-deltaN2+2/3delta:Ce3+ (M = Ca, Sr, Ba)

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Li, Y.Q.; With, de G.; Hintzen, H.T.J.M.

    2005-01-01

    The luminescence properties of Ce3+,Na+-codoped MSi2O22dN2+2/3d (M 5 Ca, Sr, Ba) are reported. The undoped and Ce3+,Na+-codoped MSi2O22dN2+2/3d powders were prepared by a solid-state reaction at temperatures between 1300–1400 uC under N2–H2 (10%) atmosphere in the system MO–SiO2–Si3N4 (M 5 Ca, Sr,

  12. Aluminum (III) and gallium (III) complexes with methyliminodiacetic acid: Crystal structures of Cat[M(Mida)2] (Cat+=Na, K, NH4; M3+=Al, Ga) and Me4N[Ga(Mida)2]·H2O

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Ilyukhin, A.B.; Petrosyants, S.P.; Milovanov, S.V.; Malyarik, M.A.

    1997-01-01

    The bis chelate complexes Cat[M(Mida) 2 ] and Me 4 N[Ga(Mida) 2 ]·H 2 O are synthesized from aqueous solutions M(NO 3 ) 3 -2H 2 Mida-CatOH (M 3+ =Al, Ga; Cat + =Na, K, NH 4 ) and Ga(OH) 3 -2H 2 Mida-Me 4 NOH. The crystal structures of the isostructural compounds Cat[M(Mida) 2 ] (Cat=Na, M=Al; Cat=K, M=Al; Cat=Na, M=Ga) and Me 4 N[Ga(Mida) 2 ]·H 2 O are determined by X-ray structure analysis. According to the X-ray powder diffraction analysis, all the six compounds Cat[M(Mida) 2 ] (Cat=Na, K, NH 4 ; M=Al, Ga) are isostructural. The octahedral anion in Cat[M(Mida) 2 ] and Me 4 N[Ga(Mida) 2 ]·H 2 O exhibits a trans(N)- fac configuration

  13. Dynamic RACH Partition for Massive Access of Differentiated M2M Services

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Qinghe Du

    2016-03-01

    Full Text Available In machine-to-machine (M2M networks, a key challenge is to overcome the overload problem caused by random access requests from massive machine-type communication (MTC devices. When differentiated services coexist, such as delay-sensitive and delay-tolerant services, the problem becomes more complicated and challenging. This is because delay-sensitive services often use more aggressive policies, and thus, delay-tolerant services get much fewer chances to access the network. To conquer the problem, we propose an efficient mechanism for massive access control over differentiated M2M services, including delay-sensitive and delay-tolerant services. Specifically, based on the traffic loads of the two types of services, the proposed scheme dynamically partitions and allocates the random access channel (RACH resource to each type of services. The RACH partition strategy is thoroughly optimized to increase the access performances of M2M networks. Analyses and simulation demonstrate the effectiveness of our design. The proposed scheme can outperform the baseline access class barring (ACB scheme, which ignores service types in access control, in terms of access success probability and the average access delay.

  14. Charge Transfer Effects in Naturally Occurring van der Waals Heterostructures (PbSe )1.16(TiSe2 )m (m =1 , 2)

    Science.gov (United States)

    Yao, Q.; Shen, D. W.; Wen, C. H. P.; Hua, C. Q.; Zhang, L. Q.; Wang, N. Z.; Niu, X. H.; Chen, Q. Y.; Dudin, P.; Lu, Y. H.; Zheng, Y.; Chen, X. H.; Wan, X. G.; Feng, D. L.

    2018-03-01

    van der Waals heterostructures (VDWHs) exhibit rich properties and thus has potential for applications, and charge transfer between different layers in a heterostructure often dominates its properties and device performance. It is thus critical to reveal and understand the charge transfer effects in VDWHs, for which electronic structure measurements have proven to be effective. Using angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy, we studied the electronic structures of (PbSe )1.16(TiSe2 )m (m =1 , 2), which are naturally occurring VDWHs, and discovered several striking charge transfer effects. When the thickness of the TiSe2 layers is halved from m =2 to m =1 , the amount of charge transferred increases unexpectedly by more than 250%. This is accompanied by a dramatic drop in the electron-phonon interaction strength far beyond the prediction by first-principles calculations and, consequently, superconductivity only exists in the m =2 compound with strong electron-phonon interaction, albeit with lower carrier density. Furthermore, we found that the amount of charge transferred in both compounds is nearly halved when warmed from below 10 K to room temperature, due to the different thermal expansion coefficients of the constituent layers of these misfit compounds. These unprecedentedly large charge transfer effects might widely exist in VDWHs composed of metal-semiconductor contacts; thus, our results provide important insights for further understanding and applications of VDWHs.

  15. First principles calculations of the electronic structure and magnetic properties of Y(Fe,M)9.2 and Y(Fe,M)9.2C (M= Si, Ga, Zr)

    Science.gov (United States)

    Tian, Guang; Zha, Liang; Yang, Wenyun; Qiao, Guanyi; Wang, Changsheng; Yang, Yingchang; Yang, Jinbo

    2018-06-01

    The preferential site substitution of the Fe by Si, Ga and Zr in the Y(Fe,M)9.2 and Y(Fe,M)9.2C compounds, and the doping effects on the magnetic properties have been studied by the first-principles calculations. It is found that the doping of the Si or Zr can improve the thermodynamic stability of the 1:9 phase, while the substitution of the Fe by Ga makes it unstable. Si atom tends to enter the 3g crystal site and Zr prefers to occupy the 2e site when Y(Fe,M)9.2 and their carbides are synthesized. Although the substitution of the Fe by Si and Zr will reduce the total magnetic moments of the YFe9.2 and their carbides, the volumetric and the d-band narrowing effects caused by the doping can still modify the electron density distributions of the Fe near the Fermi level, improving the magnetic ordering temperature of the non-carbonated compound YFe9.2. The calculated magnetic ordering temperatures of Y(Fe,M)9.2C decrease with the increasing content of the doping elements M due to the stronger hybridization of the d bands in the carbides. For the rare-earth(RE) iron based intermetallics REFe9.2 with the TbCu7-type structure, it is suggested that Zr is able to stabilize the phase and enhance the magnetic ordering temperature, indicating the possible further application in the field of permanent magnets, which has not been reported before.

  16. Oxidation of cyclic amines by molybdenum(II and tungsten(II halocarbonyls, [M(CO4X2]2 (M = Mo, W; X = Cl, Br

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    H.M. Mbuvi

    2013-05-01

    Full Text Available The molybdenum(II and tungsten(II halocarbonyls, [M(CO4X2]2 (M = Mo, W; X = Cl, Br react with a large excess of the nitrogen bases, 1-methylpyrrolidine, 1-methylpiperidine, 1-ethylpiperidine and 2-ethylpiperidine to give aminecarbonyl complexes of the type M(CO3L3 (L= alkylamine. Excess piperidine reacts with the tungsten halocarbonyls, [W(CO4X2]2 (X = Cl, Br, to give the trans isomer of the complex, W(CO3(C5H11N3. The halogens were recovered as the amminium salts, amine, HX. The oxidized amine dimerized to form a yellow product which was recovered as an oily liquid but in very small amounts. However, in the reaction between Mo(CO4Br2 and 1-ethylpiperidine, a yellow crystalline solid, with a melting point of 224 oC was recovered in sufficient amounts for elemental analysis, melting point and spectral data. Its mass spectrum showed a molecular ion peak at m+/z = 222, a clear evidence that the oxidized amine dimerizes. The cyclic dibasic amine piperazine, C4H10N2 is not, however, oxidized by these halocarbonyls but rather it reacts by substituting some CO groups to form products of the type, M(CO3(C4H10N22X2 (M = Mo, W; X = Cl, Br. Products were characterized by elemental analysis, IR, UV, 1H NMR and mass spectrometry.

  17. Modification of the metabolic parameters and microalbuminuria in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 treated with acarbose

    OpenAIRE

    González Sarmiento, E.; Ergueta Martín, P.; Fernández Martínez, I.; Hinojosa Mena-Bernal, M.C.; Zurro Muñoz, I.; Zurro Hernández, J.

    2001-01-01

    Objetivo: Determinar la influencia de la acarbosa en la microalbuminuria y parámetros metabólicos en pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2. Material y métodos: Hemos estudiado 92 pacientes con diabetes tipo 2, tratados con acarbosa, sola o con insulina o antidiabéticos orales. Hemos determinado los valores de Hb A1c, colesterol total, colesterol HDL, colesterol LDL, triglicéridos y microalbuminuria, antes y después del tratamiento con acarbosa. Resultados: Los pacientes presentaron de forma ...

  18. M-theory solutions invariant under D(2,1; γ) + D(2,1;γ)

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Bachas, C. [Laboratoire de Physique Theorique de l' Ecole Normale Superieure Unite mixte (UMR 8549) du CNRS et de l' ENS, Paris (France); D' Hoker, E. [Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, CA (United States); Estes, J. [Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College, London (United Kingdom); Krym, D. [Physics Department, New York City College of Technology, The City University of New York, Brooklyn, NY (United States)

    2014-03-06

    We simplify and extend the construction of half-BPS solutions to 11-dimensional supergravity, with isometry superalgebra D(2,1;γ) + D(2,1;γ). Their space-time has the form AdS{sub 3} x S{sup 3} x S{sup 3} warped over a Riemann surface Σ. It describes near-horizon geometries of M2 branes ending on, or intersecting with, M5 branes along a common string. The general solution to the BPS equations is specified by a reduced set of data (γ, h, G), where γ is the real parameter of the isometry superalgebra, and h and G are functions on Σ whose differential equations and regularity conditions depend only on the sign of γ. The magnitude of γ enters only through the map of h,G onto the supergravity fields, thereby promoting all solutions into families parametrized by vertical stroke γ vertical stroke. By analyzing the regularity conditions for the supergravity fields, we prove two general theorems: (i) that the only solution with a 2-dimensional CFT dual is AdS{sub 3} x S{sup 3} x S{sup 3} x R {sup 2}, modulo discrete identifications of the flat R {sup 2}, and (ii) that solutions with γ < 0 cannot have more than one asymptotic higher-dimensional AdS region. We classify the allowed singularities of h and G near the boundary of Σ, and identify four local solutions: asymptotic AdS{sub 4}/Z{sub 2} or AdS{sub 7}' regions; highly-curved M5-branes; and a coordinate singularity called the ''cap''. By putting these ''Lego'' pieces together we recover all known global regular solutions with the above symmetry, including the self-dual strings on M5 for γ <0, and the Janus solution for γ > 0, but now promoted to families parametrized by vertical stroke γ vertical stroke. We also construct exactly new regular solutions which are asymptotic to AdS{sub 4}/Z{sub 2} for γ < 0, and conjecture that they are a different superconformal limit of the self-dual string. Finally, we construct exactly γ > 0 solutions with highly curved M5

  19. IL-2/anti-IL-2 mAb immunocomplexes: A renascence of IL-2 in cancer immunotherapy?

    Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

    Tomala, Jakub; Kovář, Marek

    2016-01-01

    Roč. 5, č. 3 (2016), e1102829 ISSN 2162-402X R&D Projects: GA ČR GA13-12885S; GA MŠk(CZ) ED1.1.00/02.0109 Institutional support: RVO:61388971 Keywords : Anti-IL-2 mAb * cancer immunotherapy * IL-2 Subject RIV: EE - Microbiology, Virology Impact factor: 7.719, year: 2016

  20. Estudios de intervención dirigidos a disminuir el riesgo de padecer diabetes mellitus tipo 2 Intervention studies aimed at lowering the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    José Luis Valenciaga Rodríguez

    2003-12-01

    Full Text Available Los estudios de intervención en población de riesgo, dirigidos a disminuir la frecuencia de la aparición de la diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM 2, son considerados orientadores para el enfoque del trabajo con esos pacientes. El objetivo del presente estudio es revisar los resultados de investigaciones dirigidas a disminuir el riesgo de padecer DM 2. Los sujetos estudiados presentaban alguna de las siguientes condiciones: glucosa alterada en ayunas (GAA o tolerancia a la glucosa alterada (TGA, antecedente personal de diabetes gestacional y síndrome metabólico. Se citan, entre otros, DPP (diabetes prevention program, DPS (diabetes prevention study, STOP-NIDDM (study to prevent non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, Hiperglucemia en ayunas, DAISI (dutch acarbose intervention trial, Da Quing (estudio chino, TRIPOD (troglitazone In the prevention of diabetes, intervención, XENDOS (xenical in the prevention of diabetes in obese subjects, WOSCOPS (west of scotland coronary prevention study, EDIT (early diabetes intervención trial, NAVIGATOR (nateglinide and valsartan in impaired glucose tolerance outcomes research, DREAM (diabetes reduction assessment with ramipril and rosiglitazone medication. Estos consistían en cambios de estilo de vida (fundamentalmente ejercicios físicos sistemáticos y orientaciones nutricionales y/o intervenciones terapéuticas. Se concluye que en personas con 25 o más años de edad de ambos sexos, con riesgo de padecer DM 2, la adopción de un estilo de vida saludable logra disminuir el riesgo de padecer el síndrome diabético. En sujetos con alto riesgo de DM 2, los fármacos que reportan mejores y más consistentes resultados son el metformin y la acarbosa. Otros como la nateglidina, rosiglitazona, ramipril y valsartan, se están investigando actualmente.Intervention studies on population at risk aimed at lowering the frequency of occurrence of type 2 diabetes mellitus(DM2 are considered as guiding lines for the work

  1. A stringy origin of M2 brane Chern-Simons theories

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Aganagic, Mina

    2010-01-01

    We show that string duality relates M-theory on a local Calabi-Yau fourfold singularity X 4 to type IIA string theory on a Calabi-Yau threefold X 3 fibered over a real line, with RR 2-form fluxes turned on. The RR flux encodes how the M-theory circle is fibered over the IIA geometry. The theories on N D2 branes probing X 3 are the well-known quiver theories with N=2 supersymmetry in three dimensions. We show that turning on fluxes, and fibering the X 3 over a direction transverse to the branes, corresponds to turning on N=2 Chern-Simons couplings. String duality implies that, in the strong coupling limit, the N D2 branes on X 3 in this background become N M2 branes on X 4 . This provides a string theory derivation for the recently conjectured description of the M2 brane theories on Calabi-Yau fourfolds in terms of N=2 quiver Chern-Simons theories. We also provide a new N=2 Chern-Simons theory dual to AdS 4 xQ 1,1,1 . Type IIA/M-theory duality also relates IIA string theory on X 3 with only the RR fluxes turned on, to M-theory on a G 2 holonomy manifold. We show that this implies that the N M2 branes probing the G 2 manifold are described by the quiver Chern-Simons theory originating from the D2 branes probing X 3 , except that now Chern-Simons terms preserve only N=1 supersymmetry in three dimensions.

  2. Aposentados com diabetes tipo 2 na Saúde da Família em Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo - Brasil Jubilados con diabetes tipo 2 en la salud de la familia en Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo - Brasil Pensioners with type 2 diabetes in the family health program in Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo - Brazil

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Laís Mara Caetano da Silva

    2010-06-01

    Full Text Available O estudo objetivou caracterizar idosos aposentados com Diabetes tipo 2, usuários de um serviço de atenção primária, e contou com 43 sujeitos que atenderam a critérios de inclusão. Os dados foram obtidos em fontes primárias e secundárias, e analisados no programa SPSS 15.0. A média de idade foi 75,3 anos. Houve pouca participação em grupos comunitários e na prática de atividade física. Dezessete idosos utilizam a atenção primária. Doze homens aposentaram-se por tempo de serviço, e 12 mulheres recebem pensão. Níveis pressóricos apresentaram média de 130x80 mmHg e a Glicemia, média de 141 mg/dl. Orientações sobre dieta foram realizadas na sua maioria pelos médicos. São necessários novos estudos para avaliar os motivos que levam a baixa adesão a grupos e prática de atividade física. Sugere-se participação efetiva da equipe no controle do Diabetes e no incentivo à participação da família nos cuidados, visto que essa doença demanda gerenciamento de longo prazo.El estudio tuvo como objetivo caracterizar ancianos jubilados afectados por diabetes tipo 2, usuarios de un servicio de atención primaria. Contó con 43 sujetos que cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión. Los datos fueron obtenidos en fuentes primarias y secundarias, y analizados en el Programa Estadístico SPSS 15.0. La media de edad fue de 75,3 años. Se verificó escasa participación de los sujetos en grupos comunitarios y en la práctica de actividad física. Diecisiete ancianos utilizan la atención primaria. Doce hombres se jubilaron por tiempo de servicio y 12 mujeres reciben pensión. Los niveles de presión arterial se ubicaron en un promedio de 130 x 80 mmHg y la glucemia media fue de 141 mg/dl. Orientaciones sobre dieta fueron realizadas en su mayoría por los médicos. Se necesita de nuevos estudios para evaluar los motivos que originan la baja adhesión a grupos y a la práctica de actividad física. Se sugiere participación del equipo

  3. Power Aware Mobility Management of M2M for IoT Communications

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Awais Ahmad

    2015-01-01

    Full Text Available Machine-to-Machine (M2M communications framework is evolving to sustain faster networks with the potential to connect millions of devices in the following years. M2M is one of the essential competences for implementing Internet of Things (IoT. Therefore, various organizations are now focusing on enhancing improvements into their standards to support M2M communications. Thus, Heterogeneous Mobile Ad Hoc Network (HetMANET can normally be considered appropriate for M2M challenges. These challenges incorporated when a mobile node (MN selects a target network in an energy efficient scanning for efficient handover. Therefore, to cope with these constraints, we proposed a vertical handover scheme for handover triggering and selection of an appropriate network. The proposed scheme is composed of two phases. Firstly, the MNs perform handover triggering based on the optimization of the Receive Signal Strength (RSS from an access point/base station (AP/BS. Secondly, the network selection process is performed by considering the cost and energy consumption of a particular application during handover. Moreover, if there are more networks available, then the MN selects the one provided with the highest quality of service (QoS. The decision regarding the selection of available networks is made on three metrics, that is, cost, energy, and data rate. Furthermore, the selection of an AP/BS of the selected network is made on five parameters: delay, jitter, Bit Error Rate (BER, communication cost, and response time. The numerical and experimental results are compared in the context of energy consumption by an MN, traffic management on an AP/BS, and QoS of the available networks. The proposed scheme efficiently optimizes the handoff related parameters, and it shows significant improvement in the existing models used for similar purpose.

  4. CYP1A1 m1 and m2 polymorphisms: genetic susceptibility to lung cancer

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Paula Mota

    2010-01-01

    ção T6235C e m2 (transição A4889G, estão associados a uma maior actividade enzimática, tendo sido referidos como factores genéticos de susceptibilidade para o cancro do pulmão.Este trabalho teve como objectivo verificar esta possível associação em 175 doentes com cancro do pulmão e 217 controlos da Região Centro de Portugal, por RFLP (polimorfismo de comprimento de fragmentos de restrição.Foi encontrada a seguinte distribuição para as frequências alélicas: 0.12 e 1.14, para os alelos mutados C e G, respectivamente, na população controlo. Os resultados não revelaram significado estatístico quando comparados com a distribuição encontrada na população de doentes. Relativamente à distribuição genotípica, a situação foi semelhante, não se registando significado estatístico, mesmo quando foram considerados genótipos de alto risco. Tal como noutras populações de diferente origem étnica, parece existir desequilíbrio de ligação para ambos os polimorfimos na população-controlo. Concluímos que nesta amostra de população portuguesa os polimorfismos m1 e m2 de CYP1A1 são particularmente raros, parecendo não existir relevância clínica nem associação à susceptibilidade ao cancro do pulmão. Key-words: Lung cancer, smoking, cytochrome P450, CYP1A1, linkage disequilibrium, Palavras-chave: Cancro do pulmão, tabaco, citocromo p450, CYP1A1, desequilíbrio de ligação

  5. Temperature-dependent Raman and ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy studies on phase transition behavior of VO{sub 2} films with M1 and M2 phases

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Okimura, Kunio, E-mail: okifn@keyaki.cc.u-tokai.ac.jp; Hanis Azhan, Nurul [Graduate School of Engineering, Tokai University, Hiratsuka 259-1292 (Japan); Hajiri, Tetsuya [UVSOR Facility, Institute for Molecular Science, Okazaki 444-8585 (Japan); Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8603 (Japan); Kimura, Shin-ichi [UVSOR Facility, Institute for Molecular Science, Okazaki 444-8585 (Japan); Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871 (Japan); Zaghrioui, Mustapha; Sakai, Joe [GREMAN, UMR 7347 CNRS, Université François Rabelais de Tours, Parc de Grandmont, 37200 Tours (France)

    2014-04-21

    Structural and electronic phase transitions behavior of two polycrystalline VO{sub 2} films, one with pure M1 phase and the other with pure M2 phase at room temperature, were investigated by temperature-controlled Raman spectroscopy and ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS). We observed characteristic transient dynamics in which the Raman modes at 195 cm{sup −1} (V-V vibration) and 616 cm{sup −1} (V-O vibration) showed remarkable hardening along the temperature in M1 phase film, indicating the rearrangements of V-V pairs and VO{sub 6} octahedra. It was also shown that the M1 Raman mode frequency approached those of invariant M2 peaks before entering rutile phase. In UPS spectra with high energy resolution of 0.03 eV for the M2 phase film, narrower V{sub 3d} band was observed together with smaller gap compared to those of M1 phase film, supporting the nature of Mott insulator of M2 phase even in the polycrystalline film. Cooperative behavior of lattice rearrangements and electronic phase transition was suggested for M1 phase film.

  6. 13CO2/12CO2 isotope ratio analysis in human breath using a 2 μm diode laser

    Science.gov (United States)

    Sun, Mingguo; Cao, Zhensong; Liu, Kun; Wang, Guishi; Tan, Tu; Gao, Xiaoming; Chen, Weidong; Yinbo, Huang; Ruizhong, Rao

    2015-04-01

    The bacterium H. pylori is believed to cause peptic ulcer. H. pylori infection in the human stomach can be diagnosed through a CO2 isotope ratio measure in exhaled breath. A laser spectrometer based on a distributed-feedback semiconductor diode laser at 2 μm is developed to measure the changes of 13CO2/12CO2 isotope ratio in exhaled breath sample with the CO2 concentration of ~4%. It is characterized by a simplified optical layout, in which a single detector and associated electronics are used to probe CO2 spectrum. A new type multi-passes cell with 12 cm long base length , 29 m optical path length in total and 280 cm3 volume is used in this work. The temperature and pressure are well controlled at 301.15 K and 6.66 kPa with fluctuation amplitude of 25 mK and 6.7 Pa, respectively. The best 13δ precision of 0.06o was achieved by using wavelet denoising and Kalman filter. The application of denoising and Kalman filter not only improved the signal to noise ratio, but also shorten the system response time.

  7. Animales de experimentación como modelos de la diabetes mellitus tipo 2 Laboratory animals in endocrinology. Biomodels of type 2 diabetes mellitus

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Beatriz Hugués Hernandorena

    2002-08-01

    Full Text Available Se sabe que los modelos animales utilizados en las investigaciones sobre la diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM2, ayudan al estudio de los mecanismos patogénicos que conducen a la presentación de esta enfermedad, acompañada de severa o moderada hiperglucemia, intolerancia a la glucosa y otras alteraciones metabólicas relacionadas con la misma, y dan la oportunidad de explorar nuevos tratamientos y formas de prevenir estos cuadros morbosos. Se brindó información detallada sobre los biomodelos de la DM2, a partir de una revisión bibliográfica sobre el tema, que comprendió los que se originan espontáneamente y los que se logran de forma inducida. Se expusieron los factores ambientales que influyen sobre los mismos, y se describieron aquellos en los que se pueden presentar complicaciones crónicas de la diabetes mellitus no insulinodependiente. Se concluyó que estos biomodelos contribuyen al estudio de los mecanismos que originan esa afección y son de gran utilidad para los investigadores de esta rama de la Endocrinología, aunque no constituyan un reflejo exacto de esta enfermedad en el hombre.It is known that the animal models used in the research of type 2 diabetes mellitus help to study the pathogenic mechanisms leading to the presentation of this disease, accompanied of severe or moderate hyperglycaemia, glucose intolerance and other metabolic alterations related to it, and give the opportunity to explore new treatments and ways of preventing these morbid clinical pictures. Detailed information is given on the biomodels of type 2 diabetes mellitus based on a bibliographic review made on this topic that included those which are spontaneously originated and the ones obtained in an induced way. The environmental factors influencing on them are explained and the biomodels that may present chronic complications of non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus are also described. It was concluded that these biomodels contribute to the study of the

  8. Parameters of thermoelectric power and electronic structure of Yb-based compounds of YbM2X2(M=Fe,Co,Ni,Cu; X=Si,Ge) type

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Levin, E.M.; Kuzhel', B.S.

    1990-01-01

    Thermoelectric power of Yb-based intermetallic alloys YbM 2 Si 2 (M-Co,Ni,Cu) and YbM 2 Ge 2 (M=Fe,Co,Ni) have been investigated and found to have anomalous low-temperature peaks conditioned by intermediate Yb valency. Calculation of electronic structure parameters performed in frames of the localized Fermi-liquid model using experimental data on the thermoelectric power is in good agreement with results of YbCu 2 Si 2 band structure calculation based on the experimental value of the electronic heat capacity with regard for the (2J+1) - fold Yb 2+ degeneration

  9. Architecture of the human mTORC2 core complex.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Stuttfeld, Edward; Aylett, Christopher Hs; Imseng, Stefan; Boehringer, Daniel; Scaiola, Alain; Sauer, Evelyn; Hall, Michael N; Maier, Timm; Ban, Nenad

    2018-02-09

    The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a key protein kinase controlling cellular metabolism and growth. It is part of the two structurally and functionally distinct multiprotein complexes mTORC1 and mTORC2. Dysregulation of mTOR occurs in diabetes, cancer and neurological disease. We report the architecture of human mTORC2 at intermediate resolution, revealing a conserved binding site for accessory proteins on mTOR and explaining the structural basis for the rapamycin insensitivity of the complex. © 2018, Stuttfeld et al.

  10. Representações sociais do pé diabético para pessoas com diabetes mellitus tipo 2 Representaciones sociales del pie diabético para personas con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 Social representations of diabetic foot for people with type 2 diabetes Mellitus

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Maria Seloi Coelho

    2009-03-01

    Full Text Available Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa que objetivou compreender as representações sociais do pé diabético para pessoas com diabetes mellitus tipo 2. Foram realizadas entrevistas semi-estruturadas, com dez pessoas com diabetes mellitus que participavam de um grupo de convivência. Da análise de conteúdo emergiram duas categorias: a doença do pé com alterações percebidas e ameaças presentes e; o cuidado com os pés, com o cuidado como preocupação com o futuro e não cuidado como sentimento de culpa. Os resultados mostraram que movidos pelas representações de alterações e ameaças os sujeitos buscam no cuidado uma esperança de não desenvolver a doença do pé ou controlar a situação. Quando o não-cuidado ocorre, surge o sentimento de culpa por terem conhecimentos e não se cuidarem. As representações sociais contribuíram na busca da compreensão do modo como os sujeitos com diabetes mellitus constroem saberes que expressam sua identidade e guiam seus comportamentos, especialmente vinculado ao pé diabético.Se trata de una investigación cualitativa que tuvo como objetivo comprender las representaciones sociales de pies diabético para personas con diabetes mellitus tipo 2. Fueron realizadas entrevistas semi-estructuradas, con diez personas con diabetes mellitus que participaban de un grupo de convivencia. Del análisis de contenido emergieron dos categorías: la enfermedad del pie con alteraciones percibidas y amenazas presentes y; el cuidado con los pies, con el cuidado como preocupación con el futuro y no cuidado como sentimiento de culpa. Los resultados mostraron que movidos por las representaciones de alteraciones y amenazas los sujetos buscan en el cuidado una esperanza de no desarrollar la enfermedad del pie o de controlar la situación. Cuando ocurre el no cuidado surge el sentimiento de culpa por tener los conocimientos y no utilizarlos. Las representaciones sociales contribuyeron en la búsqueda de la comprensi

  11. Preparation of hydrotalcite compounds using ultrasound irradiation to capture CO{sub 2}; Preparacion de compuestos tipo hidrotalcita utilizando irradiacion de ultrasonido para la captura de CO{sub 2}

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Martinez, J.A.J.; Paredes, S.P.; Valenzuela, M.A.; Hernandez, M.L. [Instituto Politecnico Nacional, ESIQIE, Mexico, D.F. (Mexico)]. E-mail: sparedesc@ipn.com.mx

    2009-09-15

    Al-Mg hydrotalcite compounds (HTC) were prepared using co-precipitation, sol-gel and reconstruction of the structure with ultrasound-assisted irradiation. The interlaminar components for each method were nitrate, acetylacetonate ethoxide and metavanadate, respectively. Optimization of the synthesis was performed using x-ray diffraction. The effect of the different parameters on synthesis was studied, including pH, time and ultrasound irradiation power. In addition, for the reconstruction method, temperature and calcination time were evaluated. For all methods, ultrasound-assisted methods were found to be more efficient and economical than conventional methods reported (autoclave). They also have the advantage of being able to control properties such as crystallinity, porosity and the specific surface, which significantly depends on the preparation method, irradiation time and type of interlaminar component. These methods are intended to synthesize interlaminar anionic materials that are very scarce in nature with better properties than traditional adsorbents used for the capture of CO{sub 2}. [Spanish] Se prepararon compuestos tipo hidrotalcita Al-Mg por los metodos de: coprecipitacion, sol gel y reconstruccion de la estructura asistidos por irradiacion de ultrasonido. Los componentes interlaminares para cada metodo fueron respectivamente: nitrato, etoxido-acetilacetonato y metavanadato. La optimizacion de la sintesis, se efectuo mediante difraccion de rayos-X. Se estudio el efecto de diversos parametros en la sintesis: pH, tiempo y potencia de irradiacion de ultrasonido, ademas, para el metodo de reconstruccion se evaluaron la temperatura y el tiempo de calcinacion. En todos los casos se encontro que el empleo de metodos asistidos por ultrasonido resultan ser mas eficientes y economicos que los metodos convencionales reportados (autoclave), ademas tienen la ventaja, de poder controlar propiedades tales como: la cristalinidad, la porosidad y la superficie

  12. Avaliação da Soroprevalência dos Vírus Herpes Simples Tipos 1 e 2 em Parturientes Seroprevalence Evaluation of Herpes Simplex Virus 1 and 2 Among Pregnant Women

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Marina Carvalho Paschoini

    2001-02-01

    Full Text Available Objetivos: avaliar a soroprevalência da infecção causada pelo HSV-2 entre as parturientes do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto (HCFMRP-USP e padronizar técnicas laboratoriais para atender a este propósito. Métodos: foram avaliadas 1.500 amostras de sangue de parturientes atendidas no Centro Obstétrico do Departamento de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia do HCFMRP-USP, entre 1º de janeiro e 31 de outubro de 1996. Para determinar a real prevalência da infecção por HSV-2 foi padronizada a técnica de ELISA, verificando-se que esta não apresentava especificidade suficiente para discriminar os dois tipos virais (75%, delineando a necessidade de utilizar-se técnica de maior poder discriminatório. A técnica padronizada para esta finalidade foi o Western blot, capaz de detectar a proteína viral específica do HSV-2. Resultados: a soroprevalência para infecção herpética, pelos dois tipos virais (HSV-1 e HSV-2, foi de 94,5%, utilizando a técnica de ELISA. Com o emprego da técnica de Western blot, encontrou-se a soroprevalência de 31,9% pelo HSV-2 na população avaliada, quer sintomática ou assintomática. Conclusão: verifica-se elevada prevalência do estado de portadora da infecção pelos HSV, evidenciada pelo alto índice de positividade para os anticorpos contra estes vírus. O teste ELISA não mostrou especificidade suficiente para discriminar os anticorpos anti-HSV-2 dos anti-HSV-1.Purpose: to evaluate the seroprevalence of infection caused by HSV-2 among pregnant women delivering at the University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto (UHFMRP-USP and to standardize laboratory techniques to be used for this purpose. Methods: a total of 1500 blood samples from pregnant women seen at the Obstetric Center of the Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, UHFMRP-USP, between January 1st and October 31st, 1996, were evaluated. To determine the real prevalence of HSV-2 infection, the ELISA

  13. Industry 4.0, M2m, Iot&S - All Equal?

    Science.gov (United States)

    Dobrin, Carmen

    2014-11-01

    Similarity between Industry 4.0, M2M, IOT&S. Advantages and disadvantages obtained using this three important methods. Decreasing costs while components are getting smaller and smaller in a world with better networking. Influence of business management applications integrated in smart factory logistic. The most important impacts in merging virtual and real production world, with the improvement of best processes having the same goal: creating value by open innovation

  14. Ruthenium and osmium carbonyl nitrosyl complexes: Matrix infrared spectra and density functional calculations for M(CO){sub 2}(NO){sub 2} and M(CO)(NO) (M = Ru, Os)

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Song, Zhenjun [Department of Chemistry, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092 (China); Wang, Xuefeng, E-mail: xfwang@tongji.edu.cn [Department of Chemistry, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092 (China); Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, Tongji University (China)

    2012-10-15

    Highlights: Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Laser-ablated ruthenium or osmium atom reactions with CO and NO mixtures in solid argon. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Metal carbonyl nitrosyls including M(CO)(NO) and 18-electron configuration M(CO){sub 2}(NO){sub 2} molecules (M = Ru, Os). Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer The observed absorption bands of reaction products are identified by isotopic substitution and DFT calculations. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer The bonding and reaction mechanism are discussed in detail. -- Abstract: Laser-ablated ruthenium or osmium atom reactions with CO and NO mixtures in solid argon produce unsaturated metal carbonyl nitrosyls including M(CO)(NO) and 18-electron configuration M(CO){sub 2}(NO){sub 2} molecules (M = Ru, Os). The observed absorption bands of reaction products are identified by isotopic substitution, isotopic ratios and isotopic distributions ({sup 13}CO, {sup 15}NO, and mixtures). DFT (B3LYP and BP86) vibrational fundamental calculations reproduce observed frequencies and isotopic shifts very well. The bonding and reaction mechanism are discussed.

  15. ß-lactamasas AmpC plasmídicas tipo CMY-2 emergentes en Tucumán, Argentina CMY-2-type plasmid-mediated AmpC ß-Lactamases emerging in Tucumán, Argentina

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    María A. Jure

    2011-03-01

    Full Text Available En los últimos años, algunas enterobacterias como Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis y Escherichia coli adquirieron resistencia a las cefalosporinas de tercera generación (C3G por la adquisición de ß-lactamasas de tipo AmpC plasmídicas, mecanismo que se está comunicando cada vez con mayor frecuencia en el mundo. El objetivo de esta investigación fue detectar la emergencia de ß-lactamasas AmpC plasmídicas en Tucumán e identificar sus tipos predominantes. Se estudió la sensibilidad a diferentes antimicrobianos de 733 aislamientos clínicos consecutivos de enterobacterias obtenidos en el período marzo-julio de 2009 en tres centros asistenciales de nuestra provincia. Se realizaron pruebas de sensibilidad por difusión y se seleccionaron tres aislamientos de E. coli y uno de P. mirabilis resistentes a C3G y a cefoxitina. En estos aislamientos se determinó la CIM por E-test y se evaluó el mecanismo enzimático de resistencia mediante sinergia con discos de ácido aminofenilborónico y ensayo microbiológico de Masuda. Se realizó PCR usando cebadores dirigidos al grupo CIT de las AmpC plasmídicas. Se obtuvo un amplicón de 462 pb que fue secuenciado; presentó un 100% de identidad con blaCMY-2 en los cuatro aislamientos. En conclusión, las ß-lactamasas AmpC tipo CMY-2 emergieron en nuestro medio, de modo que es importante implementar una vigilancia sistemática de estas resistencias para evitar potenciales consecuencias clínicas y epidemiológicas.In the last years, Enterobacteriaceae such as Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis and Escherichia coli, have acquired resistance to third-generation cephalosporins (C3G because of the presence of plasmid-mediated AmpC ß-lactamases. The aim of this work was to detect plasmid AmpC enzymes and to investigate the predominant types in our region. Between March and July 2009, 733 consecutive isolates of Enterobacteriaceae derived from hospitals and outpatient centers were studied

  16. Almost optimal distributed M2M multicasting in wireless mesh networks

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Xin, Qin; Manne, Fredrik; Zhang, Yan

    2012-01-01

    Wireless Mesh Networking (WMN) is an emerging communication paradigm to enable resilient, cost-efficient and reliable services for the future-generation wireless networks. In this paper, we study the problem of multipoint-to- multipoint (M2M) multicasting in a WMN which aims to use the minimum nu...

  17. Characteristics and potential role of M2 macrophages in COPD

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    He S

    2017-10-01

    Full Text Available Shengyang He, Lihua Xie, Junjuan Lu, Shenghua SunDepartment of Respiratory Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China Background: COPD is a multi-pathogenesis disease mainly caused by smoking. A further understanding of the mechanism of smoking-related COPD might contribute to preventions and treatments of this disease in the early stages. This study was designed to identify the characteristics of M2 macrophages in COPD for a better understanding about their potential role.Materials and methods: COPD models were built in the C57BL/6 mouse by cigarette smoke (CS exposure combined with intraperitoneal injection of cigarette smoke extract (CSE. The modeling efficiency was evaluated by lung function and hematoxylin and eosin (H&E staining. The number of different macrophage phenotypes was detected by immunohistochemical staining (IHS of CD206, CD86 and CD68 on the lung tissue paraffin section. The RAW264.7 cells were polarized toward the M2 phenotype by interleukin IL-4 and confirmed by a flow cytometer. The gene expression levels of TGF-βRII, Smad2, Smad3 and Smad7 in CSE-treated M2 macrophages were detected by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR. The expression levels of TGF-β/Smad pathway-related makers (TGF-βRII, p-Smad2, p-Smad3, Smad7 and TGF-β in alveolar M2 macrophages were detected by two consecutive paraffin section IHS.Results: The COPD model is well established, which is confirmed by the lung function test and lung H&E staining. The whole number of macrophages and the ratio of M2/M1 phenotype are both increased (p<0.05. The level of CD206+ cells in IL-4-stimulated RAW264.7 cells is up to 93.4%, which is confirmed by a flow cytometer. The gene expression of TGF-βRII, Smad2, Smad3 and Smad7 are all enhanced (p<0.05 in CES-treated M2 macrophages, which is detected by RT-PCR. The protein levels of TGF-β/Smad pathway-related markers are

  18. Towards Efficient Mobile M2M Communications: Survey and Open Challenges

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Carlos Pereira

    2014-10-01

    Full Text Available Machine-to-Machine (M2M communications enable networked devices and services to exchange information and perform actions seamlessly without the need for human intervention. They are viewed as a key enabler of the Internet of Things (IoT and ubiquitous applications, like mobile healthcare, telemetry, or intelligent transport systems. We survey existing work on mobile M2M communications, we identify open challenges that have a direct impact on performance and resource usage efficiency, especially the impact on energy efficiency, and we review techniques to improve communications. We review the ETSI standard and application protocols, and draw considerations on the impact of their use in constrained mobile devices. Nowadays, smartphones are equipped with a wide range of embedded sensors, with varied local and wide area connectivity capabilities, and thus they offer a unique opportunity to serve as mobile gateways for other more constrained devices with local connectivity. At the same time, they can gather context data about users and environment from the embedded sensors. These capabilities may be crucial for mobile M2M applications. Finally, in this paper, we consider a scenario where smartphones are used as gateways that collect and aggregate data from sensors in a cellular network. We conclude that, in order for their use to the feasible in terms of a normal depletion time of a smartphone’s battery, it is a good advice to maximize the collection of data necessary to be transmitted from nearby sensors, and maximize the intervals between transmissions. More research is required to devise energy efficient transmission methods that enable the use of smartphones as mobile gateways.

  19. Towards efficient mobile M2M communications: survey and open challenges.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Pereira, Carlos; Aguiar, Ana

    2014-10-20

    Machine-to-Machine (M2M) communications enable networked devices and services to exchange information and perform actions seamlessly without the need for human intervention. They are viewed as a key enabler of the Internet of Things (IoT) and ubiquitous applications, like mobile healthcare, telemetry, or intelligent transport systems. We survey existing work on mobile M2M communications, we identify open challenges that have a direct impact on performance and resource usage efficiency, especially the impact on energy efficiency, and we review techniques to improve communications. We review the ETSI standard and application protocols, and draw considerations on the impact of their use in constrained mobile devices. Nowadays, smartphones are equipped with a wide range of embedded sensors, with varied local and wide area connectivity capabilities, and thus they offer a unique opportunity to serve as mobile gateways for other more constrained devices with local connectivity. At the same time, they can gather context data about users and environment from the embedded sensors. These capabilities may be crucial for mobile M2M applications. Finally, in this paper, we consider a scenario where smartphones are used as gateways that collect and aggregate data from sensors in a cellular network. We conclude that, in order for their use to the feasible in terms of a normal depletion time of a smartphone's battery, it is a good advice to maximize the collection of data necessary to be transmitted from nearby sensors, and maximize the intervals between transmissions. More research is required to devise energy efficient transmission methods that enable the use of smartphones as mobile gateways.

  20. Deletion of the M2-2 gene from avian metapneumovirus subgroup C impairs virus replication and immunogenicity in Turkeys.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Yu, Qingzhong; Estevez, Carlos N; Roth, Jason P; Hu, Haixia; Zsak, Laszlo

    2011-06-01

    The second matrix (M2) gene of avian metapneumovirus subgroup C (aMPV-C) contains two overlapping open reading frames (ORFs), encoding two putative proteins, M2-1 and M2-2. Both proteins are believed to be involved in viral RNA transcription or replication. To further characterize the function of the M2-2 protein in virus replication, the non-overlapping region of the M2-2 ORF was deleted from an infectious cDNA clone of the aMPV-C strain, and a viable virus was rescued by using reverse genetics technology. The recombinant virus, raMPV-C ΔM2-2, was characterized in vitro and in vivo. In Vero cells, raMPV-C ΔM2-2 replicated slightly less efficiently than the parental virus, 10-fold reduction at 48-h post-infection. The raMPV-C ΔM2-2 virus induced typical cytopathic effects (CPE) that were indistinguishable from those seen with the parental virus infection. In specific-pathogen-free (SPF) turkeys, raMPV-C ΔM2-2 was attenuated and caused no clinical signs of disease. Less than 20% of the inoculated birds shed detectable virus in tracheal tissue during the first 5 days post-infection, and no virus shedding was detected afterward. Forty percent of infected birds produced a weak antibody response at 14 days post-infection. Upon challenge with a virulent aMPV-C strain, more than 80% of the raMPV-C ΔM2-2-inoculated birds showed typical disease signs and virus shedding in tracheal tissue. These results suggest that the M2-2 protein of aMPV-C virus is not essential for virus replication in vitro, but is required for sufficient virus replication to maintain pathogenicity and immunogenicity in the natural host.

  1. ISOMP: An Instant Service-Orchestration Mobile M2M Platform

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Cholhong Im

    2016-01-01

    Full Text Available Smartphones have greater computing power than ever before, providing convenient applications to improve our lives. In general, people find it difficult to locate suitable applications and implementing new applications often requires professional skills. In this paper, we propose a new service platform that facilitates the implementation of new applications by composing prebuilt components that provide the context information of mobile devices such as location and contacts. Our platform introduces an innovative concept named context collaboration, in which smartphones exchange context information with each other, which in turn is used to deduct useful inferences. The concept is realized by instant orchestration, which assembles some components and implements a composite component. The interactive communication interface helps a mobile device to communicate with other devices using open APIs, such as SOAP and HTTP (REST. The platform also works in heterogeneous environments, for example, between Android and iOS operating systems. Throughout the platform, mobile devices can act as smart M2M machines with context awareness, enabling intelligent tasks on behalf of users. Our platform will open up a new and innovative pathway for both enhanced mobile context awareness and M2M, which is expected to be a fundamental feature of the next generation of mobile devices.

  2. Hyperglycemia induces mixed M1/M2 cytokine profile in primary human monocyte-derived macrophages.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Moganti, Kondaiah; Li, Feng; Schmuttermaier, Christina; Riemann, Sarah; Klüter, Harald; Gratchev, Alexei; Harmsen, Martin C; Kzhyshkowska, Julia

    2017-10-01

    Hyperglycaemia is a key factor in diabetic pathology. Macrophages are essential regulators of inflammation which can be classified into two major vectors of polarisation: classically activated macrophages (M1) and alternatively activated macrophages (M2). Both types of macrophages play a role in diabetes, where M1 and M2-produced cytokines can have detrimental effects in development of diabetes-associated inflammation and diabetic vascular complications. However, the effect of hyperglycaemia on differentiation and programming of primary human macrophages was not systematically studied. We established a unique model to assess the influence of hyperglycaemia on M1 and M2 differentiation based on primary human monocyte-derived macrophages. The effects of hyperglycaemia on the gene expression and secretion of prototype M1 cytokines TNF-alpha and IL-1beta, and prototype M2 cytokines IL-1Ra and CCL18 were quantified by RT-PCR and ELISA. Hyperglycaemia stimulated production of TNF-alpha, IL-1beta and IL-1Ra during macrophage differentiation. The effect of hyperglycaemia on TNF-alpha was acute, while the stimulating effect on IL-1beta and IL-1Ra was constitutive. Expression of CCL18 was supressed in M2 macrophages by hyperglycaemia. However the secreted levels remained to be biologically significant. Our data indicate that hyperglycaemia itself, without additional metabolic factors induces mixed M1/M2 cytokine profile that can support of diabetes-associated inflammation and development of vascular complications. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.

  3. New metal-organic frameworks of [M(C6H5O7)(C6H6O7)(C6H7O7)(H2O)] . H2O (M=La, Ce) and [Ce2(C2O4)(C6H6O7)2] . 4H2O

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Weng Shengfeng; Wang, Yun-Hsin; Lee, Chi-Shen

    2012-01-01

    Two novel materials, [M(C 6 H 5 O 7 )(C 6 H 6 O 7 )(C 6 H 7 O 7 )(H 2 O)] . H 2 O (M=La(1a), Ce(1b)) and [Ce 2 (C 2 O 4 )(C 6 H 6 O 7 ) 2 ] . 4H 2 O (2), with a metal-organic framework (MOF) were prepared with hydrothermal reactions and characterized with photoluminescence, magnetic susceptibility, thermogravimetric analysis and X-ray powder diffraction in situ. The crystal structures were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Compound 1 crystallized in triclinic space group P1-bar (No. 2); compound 2 crystallized in monoclinic space group P2 1 /c (No. 14). The structure of 1 is built from a 1D MOF, composed of deprotonated citric ligands of three kinds. Compound 2 contains a 2D MOF structure consisting of citrate and oxalate ligands; the oxalate ligand arose from the decomposition in situ of citric acid in the presence of Cu II ions. Photoluminescence spectra of compounds 1b and 2 revealed transitions between the 5d 1 excited state and two levels of the 4f 1 ground state ( 2 F 5/2 and 2 F 7/2 ). Compounds 1b and 2 containing Ce III ion exhibit a paramagnetic property with weak antiferromagnetic interactions between the two adjacent magnetic centers. - Graphical Abstract: [M(C 6 H 5 O 7 )(C 6 H 6 O 7 )(C 6 H 7 O 7 )(H 2 O)] . H 2 O (M=La(1a), Ce(1b)) and [Ce 2 (C 2 O 4 )(C 6 H 6 O 7 ) 2 ] . 4H 2 O (2)—with 1D and 2D structures were synthesized and characterized. Highlights: ► Two MOF – [M(C 6 H 5 O 7 )(C 6 H 6 O 7 )(C 6 H 7 O 7 )(H 2 O)] . H 2 O (M=La(1a), Ce(1b)) and [Ce 2 (C 2 O 4 )(C 6 H 6 O 7 ) 2 ] . 4H 2 O (2) – with 1D and 2D structures. ► The adjacent chains of the 1D framework were correlated with each other through an oxalate ligand to form a 2D layer structure. ► The source of the oxalate ligand was the decomposition in situ of citric acid oxidized in the presence of Cu II ions.

  4. Potencial de vida útil pós-colheita de quatro genótipos de melão tipo Galia Potential of postharvest shelf life of four genotypes of Galia type melons

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Patrícia Lígia Dantas de Morais

    2004-12-01

    Full Text Available Avaliou-se o potencial de vida útil pós-colheita de melões (Cucumis melo L. tipo Galia (genótipos Primal, Solarking, Total e Vicar. Utilizou-se o delineamento inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial 4 (genótipos x 4 (tempos de armazenamento: 0, 3, 6 e 9 dias, com três repetições. Os frutos foram colhidos no estádio de maturação IV (predominantemente amarelo e armazenados à temperatura de 20 ± 1ºC e umidade relativa de 50 ± 2%. O genótipo Solarking apresentou uma firmeza média de polpa superior aos demais, do inicio ao final do período de armazenamento. Em todos os genótipos, os valores de sólidos solúveis no início do armazenamento encontraram-se dentro da faixa aceitável para comercialização no mercado externo, havendo pouca variação com o decorrer do período de armazenamento. A aparência interna limitou o tempo de vida útil pós-colheita do genótipo Total em apenas seis dias. Os genótipos Solarking, Vicar e Primal apresentaram maior potencial na conservação pós-colheita, principalmente o híbrido Solarking, que chegou aos nove dias de armazenamento com boa aparência interna.The postharvest life span of Galia (genotypes Primal, Solarking, Total, and Vicar melons (Cucumis melo L. was evaluated by a four (genotypes x four (storage periods: 0, 3, 6, and 9 days factorial experiment, in a completely randomized design with three replications. The fruits were harvested at maturation stage IV (yellow color predominance, and stored under 20 ± 1ºC and HR 50 ± 2%. Solarking's average firmness was better than that of the other genotypes during the experimental period. At the beginning of the experiment all genotypes had soluble solids contents at the level (eight to ten percent required for exportation, with these levels varying slightly during storage. The internal aspect limited to six days the postharvest life span of genotype Total. Solarking, Vicar, and Primal showed great postharvest conservation potential

  5. Diabetes mellitus tipo 2: qual o papel da insulina na expressão de NF-kappaB, PPARγ e CD36?

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Cristina de Oliveira SILVA

    2014-12-01

    Full Text Available No diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM2 e na síndrome de resistência à insulina, as complicações cardiovasculares resultam de um conjunto de processos aterogênicos envolvendo hiperglicemia crônica, excessiva glicação de proteínas (AGEs, ativação do fator nuclear kappa B (NKκB associada com o aumento da expressão de citocinas inflamatórias e estresse oxidativo, observando-se ainda alteração de LDL e expressão do receptor de scavenger CD36. A contribuição da hiperinsulinemia nesta sequência não é completamente elucidada. Nesta revisão, relata-se como a insulina pode modular a expressão proteica de NFκB, PPAR gama (PPARγ e CD36 em células da musculatura lisa vascular (CMLV da aorta de ratos estimuladas pelos AGE.

  6. Transferências lipídicas para HDL em diabéticos tipo 2: associações com microalbuminúria, estatina e insulina Transferencias lipídicas hacia HDL en diabéticos tipo 2: asociaciones con microalbuminuria, estatina y insulina Lipid transfer to HDL in type-2 diabetic patients: associations with microalbuminuria, statin, and insulin

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Gilson Soares Feitosa-Filho

    2009-02-01

    Full Text Available FUNDAMENTO: O diabete melito tipo 2 (DM2 é um fator de risco isolado para coronariopatia, principalmente quando associado à microalbuminúria (MA. Alterações estruturais e funcionais das lipoproteínas não são totalmente esclarecidas nesse contexto. OBJETIVO: Avaliar a transferência de lípides para HDL (T em pacientes DM2 e a associação com a presença da MA e com o tratamento com estatina ou insulina. MÉTODOS: Estudamos 33 pacientes com DM2 e 34 controles pareados para idade. Uma nanoemulsão lipídica artificial radiomarcada com ³H-Triglicéride (TG e 14C-colesterol livre (CL ou ³H-colesterol éster (CE e 14C-fosfolípide (FL foi incubada com plasma. A nanoemulsão e as lipoproteínas foram precipitadas, exceto a HDL, que teve sua radioatividade contada. RESULTADOS: A TFL (% foi maior no grupo com DM2 que no grupo-controle (25,2±3,2 e 19,7±3,2 respectivamente; p FUNDAMENTO: La diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM2 es un factor de riesgo aislado para coronariopatía, principalmente cuando asociado a la microalbuminuria (MA. Alteraciones estructurales y funcionales de las lipoproteínas no están totalmente aclaradas en ese contexto. OBJETIVO: Evaluar no sólo la transferencia de lípidos hacia HDL (T en pacientes DM2, sino también la asociación tanto con la presencia de la MA como con el tratamiento con estatina o insulina. MÉTODOS: Estudiamos a 33 pacientes con DM2 y 34 controles pareados para edad. Se incubó con plasma una nanoemulsión lipídica artificial radiomarcada con ³H-Triglicérido (TG y 14C-colesterol libre (CL o ³H-colesterol esterificado (CE y 14C-fosfolípido (FL. Se procedió a la precipitación de la nanoemulsión y de las lipoproteínas, con excepción de la HDL, que tuvo su radioactividad contada. RESULTADOS: El valor de TFL (% resultó mayor en el grupo con DM2 en confrontación con el grupo-control (25,2±3,2 y 19,7±3,2 respectivamente; p BACKGROUND: Type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM is an isolated risk factor

  7. Why is the neutrino oscillation formula expanded in Δm_2_1"2m_3_1"2 still accurate near the solar resonance in matter?

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Xu, Xun-Jie

    2015-01-01

    The conventional approximate formula for neutrino oscillation in matter which is obtained from the expansion in terms of the ratio of mass square differences α=Δm_2_1"2m_3_1"2≈0.03, first proposed by Cervera, et al. and Freund, turns out to be an accurate formula for accelerator neutrino experiments. Originally it required the neutrino energy to be well above the solar resonance to validate the expansion but it is found to be still very accurate when the formula is extrapolated to the resonance, which is practically important for the T2K experiment. This paper shows that the accuracy is guaranteed by cancellations of branch cut singularities and also, for the first time, analytically computes the actual error of the formula. The actual error implies that the original requirement can be safely removed in current experiments.

  8. A influência da prática de exercício físico regular no idoso diabético tipo 2

    OpenAIRE

    Gonçalves, Mariana de Aguiar

    2012-01-01

    Trabalho final de mestrado integrado em Medicina área cientifica de Medicina, apresentado á Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Coimbra Introdução: A Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2 é uma doença crónica, cuja prevalência está intimamente ligada ao envelhecimento populacional. Apresenta-se como a epidemia do século XXI, representando um dos mais sérios problemas a nível de saúde pública. O aumento do número de casos na Sociedade Portuguesa requer a adopção de estratégias que possam ...

  9. Polarized M2 macrophages in dogs with visceral leishmaniasis.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Moreira, Pamela Rodrigues Reina; Fernando, Filipe Santos; Montassier, Hélio José; André, Marcos Rogério; de Oliveira Vasconcelos, Rosemeri

    2016-08-15

    The objective of the present study was to analyze the skin (nasal surface and ear regions), lymph nodes (popliteal and pre-scapular), spleen and liver of dogs with visceral leishmaniasis (VL), in order to investigate the relationship between the parasite load measured as DNA copy number of Alpha gene of DNA polymerase of Leishmania infantum by quantitative PCR and the number of M2 macrophages by immunohistochemistry. A set of 29 naturally infected dogs from an endemic area for VL were sampled and another set of six dogs negative for VL and from a non-endemic area were analyzed as the control group (C). The spleen presented the highest number of Leishmania DNA copies, with significant differences between the groups G1 and G2 (with and without skin lesions, respectively). The M2 phenotype immunostaining predominated among the macrophages in granulomas and inflammatory infiltrates of samples from the skin, lymph nodes and spleens examined. The presence of M2 macrophages in dogs from infected group differed significantly from the control group, in all organs analyzed, excepted liver. The highest proportion of M2 macrophages coincided with the highest parasitism loads found in more susceptible organs of VL dogs, even in the skin, considered a more resistant organ, while the liver showed low parasitism load and low immunostaining for M2 macrophages with no significant differences between infected and negative groups. It was concluded that the predominance of M2 phenotype in VL dogs favored the multiplication of Leishmania infantum in organs of dogs that are more susceptible to Leishmania infection, as skin, lymph nodes and spleen. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  10. STABILITY OF CO2 ATMOSPHERES ON DESICCATED M DWARF EXOPLANETS

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Gao, Peter; Hu, Renyu; Li, Cheng; Yung, Yuk L.; Robinson, Tyler D.

    2015-01-01

    We investigate the chemical stability of CO 2 -dominated atmospheres of desiccated M dwarf terrestrial exoplanets using a one-dimensional photochemical model. Around Sun-like stars, CO 2 photolysis by Far-UV (FUV) radiation is balanced by recombination reactions that depend on water abundance. Planets orbiting M dwarf stars experience more FUV radiation, and could be depleted in water due to M dwarfs’ prolonged, high-luminosity pre-main sequences. We show that, for water-depleted M dwarf terrestrial planets, a catalytic cycle relying on H 2 O 2 photolysis can maintain a CO 2 atmosphere. However, this cycle breaks down for atmospheric hydrogen mixing ratios <1 ppm, resulting in ∼40% of the atmospheric CO 2 being converted to CO and O 2 on a timescale of 1 Myr. The increased O 2 abundance leads to high O 3 concentrations, the photolysis of which forms another CO 2 -regenerating catalytic cycle. For atmospheres with <0.1 ppm hydrogen, CO 2 is produced directly from the recombination of CO and O. These catalytic cycles place an upper limit of ∼50% on the amount of CO 2 that can be destroyed via photolysis, which is enough to generate Earth-like abundances of (abiotic) O 2 and O 3 . The conditions that lead to such high oxygen levels could be widespread on planets in the habitable zones of M dwarfs. Discrimination between biological and abiotic O 2 and O 3 in this case can perhaps be accomplished by noting the lack of water features in the reflectance and emission spectra of these planets, which necessitates observations at wavelengths longer than 0.95 μm

  11. Massive M2M Access with Reliability Guarantees in LTE Systems

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Madueño, Germán Corrales; Kiilerich Pratas, Nuno; Stefanovic, Cedomir

    2015-01-01

    Machine-to-Machine (M2M) communications are one of the major drivers of the cellular network evolution towards 5G systems. One of the key challenges is on how to provide reliability guarantees to each accessing device in a situation in which there is a massive number of almost-simultaneous arriva...

  12. Avaliação das ações educativas na promoção do autogerenciamento dos cuidados em diabetes mellitus tipo 2

    OpenAIRE

    Torres, Heloísa de Carvalho; Pereira, Flávia Rodrigues Lobo; Alexandre, Luciana Rodrigues

    2011-01-01

    O estudo visa avaliar as ações educativas na promoção do autogerenciamento dos cuidados em diabetes mellitus. Vinte e sete indivíduos com diabetes tipo 2, atendidos no programa educativo do hospital-escola de Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, foram acompanhados durante quatro meses no ano de 2008. As ações educativas nos grupos consistiam de três encontros mensais, nos quais eram desenvolvidas dinâmicas lúdicas e interativas, e o atendimento individual realizado por meio da educação dialógica. A ...

  13. Dipole model analysis of F2cc¯${m{F}}_2^{{m{car c}}} $ derived from the new D* data in DIS at HERA

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Luszczak Agnieszka

    2012-12-01

    Full Text Available I analyse the new D* deep inelastic scattering data from HERA with the help of dipole models. I calculate F2cc¯${m{F}}_2^{{m{car c}}} $ from the GBW [1] and BGK [2] saturation models. I compare results with the last values determined by H1 at low Q2. I find good agreement with the data.

  14. Funcionamiento psicofisiológico y susceptibilidad a la sintomatología premenstrual en mujeres Tipo A y Tipo B

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Francesc Palmero

    2002-01-01

    Full Text Available El presente trabajo se centra en explorar el papel que juega el componente emocional del Patrón de Conducta Tipo A (PCTA en diversas áreas relacionadas con la salud. En este contexto nuestra investigación desarrolla dos objetivos diferenciados. El primero trata de constatar la relación entre determinadas características del PCTA y el mecanismo psicofisiológico en una tarea experimental de estrés real (situación de examen, considerando si existen diferencias entre los dos grupos de personas, Tipo A y Tipo B, tanto en la dimensión tónica como en la dimensión fásica de la tasa cardiaca. El segundo de nuestros objetivos trata de establecer la relación existente entre determinadas características del PCTA y la experiencia de sintomatología relacionada con el ciclo menstrual, considerando tanto la sintomatología premenstrual global, como la sintomatología premenstrual específica, diferenciando tres grandes grupos de síntomas: fisiológicos, psicológicos y conductuales. La muestra final estuvo conformada por 28 mujeres Tipo A y 29 mujeres Tipo B. Los instrumentos utilizados fueron el inventario de Actividad de Jenkins (JAS, el calendario menstrual de síntomas de registro diario (CMSRD y un polígrafo que permitió registrar la tasa cardiaca. En cuanto a nuestro primer objetivo, los datos hacen pensar en la existencia de distintos perfiles psicofisiológicos en ambos grupos de mujeres; en el segundo objetivo, parece que las mujeres Tipo A experimentan de forma clara más síntomas psicológicos que las mujeres Tipo B.

  15. Molecular structures and excited states of CpM(CO)(2) (Cp = eta(5)-C(5)H(5); M = Rh, Ir) and [Cl(2)Rh(CO)(2)](-). Theoretical evidence for a competitive charge transfer mechanism.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Hu, Zhenming; Boyd, Russell J; Nakatsuji, Hiroshi

    2002-03-20

    Molecular structures and excited states of CpM(CO)(2) (Cp = eta(5)-C(5)H(5); M = Rh, Ir) and [Cl(2)Rh(CO)(2)](-) complexes have been investigated using the B3LYP and the symmetry-adapted cluster (SAC)/SAC-configuration interaction (SAC-CI) theoretical methods. All the dicarbonyl complexes have singlet ground electronic states with large singlet-triplet separations. Thermal dissociations of CO from the parent dicarbonyls are energetically unfavorable. CO thermal dissociation is an activation process for [Cl(2)Rh(CO)(2)](-) while it is a repulsive potential for CpM(CO)(2). The natures of the main excited states of CpM(CO)(2) and [Cl(2)Rh(CO)(2)](-) are found to be quite different. For [Cl(2)Rh(CO)(2)](-), all the strong transitions are identified to be metal to ligand CO charge transfer (MLCT) excitations. A significant feature of the excited states of CpM(CO)(2) is that both MLCT excitation and a ligand Cp to metal and CO charge transfer excitation are strongly mixed in the higher energy states with the latter having the largest oscillator strength. A competitive charge transfer excited state has therefore been identified theoretically for CpRh(CO)(2) and CpIr(CO)(2). The wavelength dependence of the quantum efficiencies for the photoreactions of CpM(CO)(2) reported by Lees et al. can be explained by the existence of two different types of excited states. The origin of the low quantum efficiencies for the C-H/S-H bond activations of CpM(CO)(2) can be attributed to the smaller proportion of the MLCT excitation in the higher energy states.

  16. MMP2-A2M interaction increases ECM accumulation in aged rat kidney and its modulation by calorie restriction

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kim, Kyung Mok; Chung, Ki Wung; Jeong, Hyeong Oh; Lee, Bonggi; Kim, Dae Hyun; Park, June Whoun; Kim, Seong Min; Yu, Byung Pal; Chung, Hae Young

    2018-01-01

    Age-associated renal fibrosis is related with renal function decline during aging. Imbalance between accumulation and degradation of extracellular matrix is key feature of fibrosis. In this study, RNA-sequencing (RNA-Seq) results based on next-generation sequencing (NGS) data were analyzed to identify key proteins that change during aging and calorie restriction (CR). Among the changed genes, A2M and MMP2, which are known to interact, exhibited the highest between centrality (BC) and degree values when analyzed by protein–protein interaction (PPI). Both mRNA and protein levels of MMP2 and A2M were increased during aging. Furthermore, the interaction between MMP2 and A2M was verified by immunoprecipitation and immunohistochemistry. MMP2 activity was further measured under the presence or absence of A2M-MMP2 interaction. MMP2 activity, which was increased under the absence of A2M-MMP2 interaction, was significantly decreased under the presence of interactions in aged kidney. We further hypothesized that the interaction between A2M-MMP2 played a role in the inactivation of MMP2 leading to accumulation of ECM including collagen type I and IV. Aged kidney showed highly accumulated MMP2 substrate proteins despite of increased MMP2 protein expression and CR blunted these accumulation. Additional in vivo analysis revealed that the signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 3 transcriptional factor was significantly increased thus increasing A2M expression during aging. STAT3 activating cytokines were also highly increased in aged kidney. In conclusion, the results of the present study indicate that A2M-MMP2 interaction has a role in age-associated renal ECM accumulation and in the suppression such fibrosis by CR. PMID:29464020

  17. Assembly of [Cu2(COO)4] and [M3(μ3-O)(COO)6] (M = Sc, Fe, Ga, and In) building blocks into porous frameworks towards ultra-high C2H2/CO2 and C2H2/CH4 separation performance.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Zhang, Jian-Wei; Hu, Man-Cheng; Li, Shu-Ni; Jiang, Yu-Cheng; Qu, Peng; Zhai, Quan-Guo

    2018-02-20

    A porous MOF platform (SNNU-65s) formed by creatively combining paddle-wheel-like [Cu 2 (COO) 4 ] and trigonal prismatic [M 3 (μ 3 -O)(COO) 6 ] building blocks was designed herein. The mixed and high-density open metal sites and the OH-functionalized pore surface promote SNNU-65s to exhibit ultra-high C 2 H 2 uptake and separation performance. Impressively, SNNU-65-Cu-Ga stands out for the highest C 2 H 2 /CO 2 (18.7) and C 2 H 2 /CH 4 (120.6) selectivity among all the reported MOFs at room temperature.

  18. Programmed cell death 4 protein (Pdcd4) and homeodomain-interacting protein kinase 2 (Hipk2) antagonistically control translation of Hipk2 mRNA.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ohnheiser, Johanna; Ferlemann, Eva; Haas, Astrid; Müller, Jan P; Werwein, Eugen; Fehler, Olesja; Biyanee, Abhiruchi; Klempnauer, Karl-Heinz

    2015-07-01

    The tumor suppressor protein programmed cell death 4 (Pdcd4) is a highly conserved RNA-binding protein that inhibits the translation of specific mRNAs. Here, we have identified the homeobox-interacting protein kinase-2 (Hipk2) mRNA as a novel translational target of Pdcd4. Unlike most other protein kinases Hipk2 is constitutively active after being synthesized by the ribosome and its expression and activity are thought to be mainly controlled by modulation of the half-life of the kinase. Our work provides the first evidence that Hipk2 expression is also controlled on the level of translation. We show that Hipk2 stimulates the translation of its own mRNA and that Pdcd4 suppresses the translation of Hipk2 mRNA by interfering with this auto-regulatory feedback mechanism. We also show that the translation of the related kinase Hipk1 is controlled by a similar feedback loop and that Hipk2 also stimulates the translation of Hipk1 mRNA. Taken together, our work describes a novel mechanism of translational suppression by Pdcd4 and shows for the first time that Hipk2 controls its own synthesis by an auto-regulatory feedback mechanism. Furthermore, the effect of Hipk2 on the translation of Hipk1 RNA suggests that Hipk2 and Pdcd4 can act in similar manner to control the translation of other mRNAs. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  19. Supersymmetric states in M5/M2 CFTs

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Bhattacharyya, Sayantani; Minwalla, Shiraz

    2007-01-01

    We propose an exact, finite N formula for the partition function over 1/4 th BPS states in the conformal field theory on the world volume of N coincident M5 branes, and 1/8 th BPS states in the theory of N conincident M2 branes. We obtain our partition function by performing the radial quantization of the Coulomb Branches of these theories and rederive the same formula from the quantization of supersymmetric giant and dual giant gravitons in AdS 7 x S 4 and AdS 4 x S 7 . Our partition function is qualitatively similar to the analogous quantity in N = 4 Yang Mills. It reduces to the sum over supersymmetric multi gravitons at low energies, but deviates from this supergravity formula at energies that scale like a positive power of N

  20. An explanation of the preferential formation of less stable isomers in three-body reactions - Cl + NO2 + M ClO + NO2 + M

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Chang, J.S.; Baldwin, A.C.; Golden, D.M.

    1979-01-01

    A realistic assessment of the potential depletion of stratospheric ozone due to manmade emissions requires a knowledge of the sources and sinks of the potential threat. The reactions ClO + NO 2 + M yield products and Cl + NO 2 + M yield products are of interest because they represent possible sink mechanism for both odd chlorine and odd nitrogen species. In this paper, the Troe method (1977) is used to calculate the low-pressure limit rate constants of the above three-body reactions. The result for the Cl + NO 2 + M reaction is found to be in excellent agreement with the experimental finding of Niki et al. (1978), where both nitryl chloride and chlorine nitrate are products of the cited reaction. An explanation is proposed to account for apparent discrepancy between the measured rate constants for ClO + NO 2 + M in the forward and reverse directions. Stratospheric implications are also discussed

  1. CH3CO + O2 + M (M = He, N2) Reaction Rate Coefficient Measurements and Implications for the OH Radical Product Yield.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Papadimitriou, Vassileios C; Karafas, Emmanuel S; Gierczak, Tomasz; Burkholder, James B

    2015-07-16

    The gas-phase CH3CO + O2 reaction is known to proceed via a chemical activation mechanism leading to the formation of OH and CH3C(O)OO radicals via bimolecular and termolecular reactive channels, respectively. In this work, rate coefficients, k, for the CH3CO + O2 reaction were measured over a range of temperature (241-373 K) and pressure (0.009-600 Torr) with He and N2 as the bath gas and used to characterize the bi- and ter-molecular reaction channels. Three independent experimental methods (pulsed laser photolysis-laser-induced fluorescence (PLP-LIF), pulsed laser photolysis-cavity ring-down spectroscopy (PLP-CRDS), and a very low-pressure reactor (VLPR)) were used to characterize k(T,M). PLP-LIF was the primary method used to measure k(T,M) in the high-pressure regime under pseudo-first-order conditions. CH3CO was produced by PLP, and LIF was used to monitor the OH radical bimolecular channel reaction product. CRDS, a complementary high-pressure method, measured k(295 K,M) over the pressure range 25-600 Torr (He) by monitoring the temporal CH3CO radical absorption following its production via PLP in the presence of excess O2. The VLPR technique was used in a relative rate mode to measure k(296 K,M) in the low-pressure regime (9-32 mTorr) with CH3CO + Cl2 used as the reference reaction. A kinetic mechanism analysis of the combined kinetic data set yielded a zero pressure limit rate coefficient, kint(T), of (6.4 ± 4) × 10(-14) exp((820 ± 150)/T) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1) (with kint(296 K) measured to be (9.94 ± 1.3) × 10(-13) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1)), k0(T) = (7.39 ± 0.3) × 10(-30) (T/300)(-2.2±0.3) cm(6) molecule(-2) s(-1), and k∞(T) = (4.88 ± 0.05) × 10(-12) (T/300)(-0.85±0.07) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1) with Fc = 0.8 and M = N2. A He/N2 collision efficiency ratio of 0.60 ± 0.05 was determined. The phenomenological kinetic results were used to define the pressure and temperature dependence of the OH radical yield in the CH3CO + O2 reaction. The

  2. Order-disorder transition and electrical conductivity of the brownmillerite solid-solutions system Ba2(In, M)2O5 (M=Ga, Al)

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Yamamura, Hiroshi; Hamazaki, Hirohumi; Kakinuma, Katsuyoshi; Mori, Toshiyuki; Haneda, Hajime

    1999-01-01

    The brownmillerite solid-solution systems Ba 2 (In 1-x M x ) 2 O 5 (M=Ga, Al) were investigated by means of high-temperature X-ray diffraction (XRD), dilatometry, and electrical-conductivity measurements. XRD showed that the Ba 2 (In 1-x Ga x ) 2 O 5 system had orthorhombic symmetry in the composition range 0.0≤x≤0.2 and cubic symmetry in the range 0.3≤x. The Al system also changed to cubic symmetry from orthorhombic symmetry in the range 0.2≤x. While the orthorhombic phase showed an order-disorder transition in the electrical conductivity measurements, the transition temperature decreased with increasing the M content. The order-disorder transition temperature and the crystal-structure transition temperature were very different. Such a transition was not observed in the cubic phases, and their electrical conductivity were fairly low compared to those of the disordered cubic phase after the transition due to the heating process. These phenomena are discussed in terms of disordering of the tetrahedral site in the brownmillerite structure, which is occupied by the smaller Ga 3+ or Al 3+ rather than ny In 3+

  3. Behavior of the monophosphate tungsten bronzes (PO2)4(WO3)2m (m = 7 and 8) in the course of electrochemical lithium insertion

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Martinez-de la Cruz, A.; Longoria Rodriguez, F.E.; Gonzalez, Lucy T.; Torres-Martinez, Leticia M.

    2007-01-01

    The electrochemical lithium insertion process has been studied in the family of monophosphate tungsten bronzes (PO 2 ) 4 (WO 3 ) 2m , where m = 7 and 8. Structural changes in the pristine oxides were followed as lithium insertion proceeded. Through potentiostatic intermittent technique the different processes which take place in the cathode during the discharge of the cell were analyzed. The nature of the bronzes Li x (PO 2 ) 4 (WO 3 ) 2m formed was determined by in situ X-ray diffraction experiments. These results have allowed establishing a correlation with the reversible/irreversible processes detected during the electrochemical lithium insertion

  4. The Armys M-1 Abrams, M-2/M-3 Bradley, and M-1126 Stryker: Background and Issues for Congress

    Science.gov (United States)

    2016-04-05

    the Army John McHugh , urging instead the limited production of 70 M-1A2SEPv2 tanks per year from FY2013 to FY2017. 32 Congress subsequently decided...House Members sent a letter to Secretary of the Army McHugh expressing concern over the Army’s failure to fund production of the M-1A2. Congress...John McHugh by Rep. Sander Levin and Rep. Mike Rogers, May 6, 2011. 33 See CRS Reports: CRS Report R43323, Defense: FY2014 Authorization and

  5. M-theory and G2 manifolds

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Becker, Katrin; Becker, Melanie; Robbins, Daniel

    2015-01-01

    In this talk we report on recent progress in describing compactifications of string theory and M-theory on G 2 and Spin(7) manifolds. We include the infinite set of α’-corrections and describe the entire tower of massless and massive Kaluza–Klein modes resulting from such compactifications. (invited comment)

  6. A dynamic network model of mTOR signaling reveals TSC-independent mTORC2 regulation

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Dalle Pezze, Piero; Sonntag, Annika G; Thien, Antje; Prentzell, Mirja T; Gödel, Markus; Fischer, Sven; Neumann-Haefelin, Elke; Huber, Tobias B; Baumeister, Ralf; Shanley, Daryl P; Thedieck, Kathrin

    2012-01-01

    The kinase mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) exists in two multiprotein complexes (mTORC1 and mTORC2) and is a central regulator of growth and metabolism. Insulin activation of mTORC1, mediated by phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), Akt, and the inhibitory tuberous sclerosis complex 1/2

  7. Supersymmetric M3-branes and G2 manifolds

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Cvetic, M.; Gibbons, G.W.; Lue, H.; Pope, C.N.

    2002-01-01

    We obtain a generalisation of the original complete Ricci-flat metric of G 2 holonomy on (R 4 xS 3 to a family with a nontrivial parameter λ. For generic λ the solution is singular, but it is regular when λ={-1,0,+1}. The case λ=0 corresponds to the original G 2 metric, and λ={-1,1} are related to this by an S 3 automorphism of the SU(2) 3 isometry group that acts on the S 3 xS 3 principal orbits. We then construct explicit supersymmetric M3-brane solutions in D=11 supergravity, where the transverse space is a deformation of this class of G 2 metrics. These are solutions of a system of first-order differential equations coming from a superpotential. We also find M3-branes in the deformed backgrounds of new G 2 holonomy metrics that include one found by A. Brandhuber, J. Gomis, S. Gubser and S. Gukov, and show that they also are supersymmetric

  8. Supersymmetric M3-branes and G2 manifolds

    Science.gov (United States)

    Cvetič, M.; Gibbons, G. W.; Lü, H.; Pope, C. N.

    2002-01-01

    We obtain a generalisation of the original complete Ricci-flat metric of G2 holonomy on R4×S 3 to a family with a nontrivial parameter λ. For generic λ the solution is singular, but it is regular when λ={-1,0,+1}. The case λ=0 corresponds to the original G2 metric, and λ={-1,1} are related to this by an S3 automorphism of the SU(2) 3 isometry group that acts on the S3× S3 principal orbits. We then construct explicit supersymmetric M3-brane solutions in D=11 supergravity, where the transverse space is a deformation of this class of G2 metrics. These are solutions of a system of first-order differential equations coming from a superpotential. We also find M3-branes in the deformed backgrounds of new G2 holonomy metrics that include one found by A. Brandhuber, J. Gomis, S. Gubser and S. Gukov, and show that they also are supersymmetric.

  9. Selective mGAT2 (BGT-1) GABA Uptake Inhibitor

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Vogensen, Stine Byskov; Jørgensen, Lars; Madsen, Karsten Kirkegaard

    2013-01-01

    β-Amino acids sharing a lipophilic diaromatic side chain were synthesized and characterized pharmacologically on mouse GABA transporter subtypes mGAT1−4. The parent amino acids were also characterized. Compounds 13a, 13b, and 17b displayed more than 6-fold selectivity for mGAT2 over mGAT1. Compou...... 17b displayed anticonvulsive properties inferring a role of mGAT2 in epileptic disorders. These results provide new neuropharmacological tools and a strategy for designing subtype selective GABA transport inhibitors....

  10. Análisis comparativo de los diferentes índices de referencia empleados en los préstamos contratados a tipo de interés variable

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Soto Alvarez, José Manuel

    1998-01-01

    Full Text Available El Banco de España, en la Circular nº 5/1994 de 22 de Julio, reconoce como oficiales a efectos de la contratación de préstamos hipotecarios a tipo de interés variable, los siguientes índices o tipos de referencia: a tipo medio de los préstamos hipotecarios a más de tres años, para adquisición de vivienda libre concedidos por los bancos; b tipo medio de los préstamos hipotecarios a más de tres años, para adquisición de vivienda libre concedidos por las cajas de ahorro; c tipo medio de los préstamos hipotecarios a más de tres años, para adquisición de vivienda libre concedidos por el conjunto de las entidades de crédito; d tipo activo de referencia de las cajas de ahorro; e tipo de rendimiento interno en el mercado secundario de la deuda pública de plazo entre 2 y 6 años; f tipo interbancario a 1 año (MIBOR. La pluralidad de los mismos, ha generado gran confusión entre los potenciales clientes ante la dificultad de discernir sobre la conveniencia de contratar uno u otro. En este trabajo, se realiza un estudio comparativo entre los mismos, que tenga en cuenta no sólo el valor de éstos en cada momento, sino también su volatilidad así como el diferencial aplicable en cada caso, analizando su repercusión desde la perspectiva de los potenciales prestatarios.

  11. Epidemiología y determinantes sociales asociados a la obesidad y la diabetes tipo 2 en México

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    L. Moreno-Altamirano

    2014-07-01

    Full Text Available La diabetes y la obesidad como problemas de salud pública en México son analizados a la luz de su magnitud y distribución en el contexto de algunos de sus determinantes sociales: alimentación, sedentarismo y distribución del ingreso. Se presentan aspectos generales sobre estas enfermedades y su comportamiento epidemiológico en México. Se revisa el papel de la alimentación como determinante social fundamental para la presencia de la diabetes tipo 2 y obesidad. Asimismo, se argumenta sobre la importancia de la actividad física para su prevención y control. Se destaca el papel de la distribución de grasa corporal y la obesidad como producto de la transición alimentaria. Finalmente se expresan algunas recomendaciones que podrían contribuir a fortalecer las estrategias propuestas para disminuir su frecuencia, la mortalidad y las complicaciones de estas enfermedades.

  12. Thermodynamic properties of CuCr2S4 solid solutions in Cusub(1/2)Msub(1/2)Crsub(2)Ssub(4) (M - Ga, In)

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Titov, V.V.; Kesler, Ya.A.; Shelkotunov, V.A.; Gordeev, I.V.; Tret'yakov, Yu.D.

    1985-01-01

    By means of an adiabatic calorimeter and quartz dilatometer for CuCr 2 S 4 in Cusub(1/2)Msub(1/2)Crsub(2)Ssub(4) (M-Ga, In) temperature dependences of heat capacity are determined. The contribution of various components into heat capacity is estimated, thermodynamic parameters of magnetic transformation are calculated

  13. Diseño de antenas tipo DRA (Dielectric Resonator Antennas)

    OpenAIRE

    Soria Gallego, Juan

    2013-01-01

    En este trabajo se va a estudiar un tipo de antenas conocidas como antenas resonantes dieléctricas (DRA) desde el punto de vista de diseño y características radiantes, así como de sus posibles aplicaciones. Las DRAs son un tipo de antenas cada vez más usadas ya que presentan numerosas ventajas respecto a otro tipo de antenas, entre ellas que son fáciles de diseñar, baratas y muy eficientes. Por ello, cada vez aparecen nuevos diseños y nuevas aplicaciones. Entre ellas se ha extendido el uso...

  14. Holmium-doped fluorotellurite microstructured fibers for 2.1 μm lasing.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Yao, Chuanfei; He, Chunfeng; Jia, Zhixu; Wang, Shunbin; Qin, Guanshi; Ohishi, Yasutake; Qin, Weiping

    2015-10-15

    Holmium (Ho3+)-doped fluorotellurite microstructured fibers based on TeO2-BaF2-Y2O3 glasses are fabricated by using a rod-in-tube method. By using a 1.992 μm fiber laser as the pump source, lasing at 2.077 μm is obtained from a 27 cm long Ho3+-doped fluorotellurite microstructured fiber. The maximum unsaturated power is about 161 mW and the corresponding slope efficiency is up to 67.4%. The influence of fiber length on lasing at 2.1 μm is also investigated. Our results show that Ho3+-doped fluorotellurite microstructured fibers are promising gain media for 2.1 μm laser applications.

  15. RESTful M2M Gateway for Remote Wireless Monitoring for District Central Heating Networks

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Bo Cheng

    2014-11-01

    Full Text Available In recent years, the increased interest in energy conservation and environmental protection, combined with the development of modern communication and computer technology, has resulted in the replacement of distributed heating by central heating in urban areas. This paper proposes a Representational State Transfer (REST Machine-to-Machine (M2M gateway for wireless remote monitoring for a district central heating network. In particular, we focus on the resource-oriented RESTful M2M gateway architecture, and present an uniform devices abstraction approach based on Open Service Gateway Initiative (OSGi technology, and implement the resource mapping mechanism between resource address mapping mechanism between RESTful resources and the physical sensor devices, and present the buffer queue combined with polling method to implement the data scheduling and Quality of Service (QoS guarantee, and also give the RESTful M2M gateway open service Application Programming Interface (API set. The performance has been measured and analyzed. Finally, the conclusions and future work are presented.

  16. Temperature and Pressure Dependence of the Reaction S plus CS (+M) -> CS2 (+M)

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Glarborg, Peter; Marshall, Paul; Troe, Juergen

    2015-01-01

    Experimental data for the unimolecular decomposition of CS2 from the literature are analyzed by unimolecular rate theory with the goal of obtaining rate constants for the reverse reaction S + CS (+M) -> CS2 (+M) over wide temperature and pressure ranges. The results constitute an important input...

  17. miR-181a Induces Macrophage Polarized to M2 Phenotype and Promotes M2 Macrophage-mediated Tumor Cell Metastasis by Targeting KLF6 and C/EBPα

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jia Bi

    2016-01-01

    Full Text Available Macrophages can acquire a variety of polarization status and functions: classically activated macrophages (M1 macrophages; alternatively activated macrophages (M2 macrophages. However, the molecular basis of the process is still unclear. Here, this study addresses that microRNA-181a (miR-181a is a key molecule controlling macrophage polarization. We found that miR-181a is overexpressed in M2 macrophages than in M1 macrophages. miR-181a expression was decreased when M2 phenotype converted to M1, whereas it increased when M1 phenotype converted to M2. Overexpression of miR-181a in M1 macrophages diminished M1 phenotype expression while promoting polarization to the M2 phenotype. In contrast, knockdown of miR-181a in M2 macrophages promoted M1 polarization and diminished M2 phenotype expression. Mechanistically, Bioinformatic analysis revealed that Kruppel-like factor 6 (KLF6 and CCAAT/enhancer binding protein-α (C/EBPα is a potential target of miR-181a and luciferase assay confirmed that KLF6 and C/EBPα translation is suppressed by miR-181a through interaction with the 3′UTR of KLF6 and C/EBPα mRNA. Further analysis showed that induction of miR-181a suppressed KLF6 and C/EBPα protein expression. Importantly, miR-181a also diminishes M2 macrophages-mediated migration and invasion capacity of tumor cells. Collectively, our results suggest that miR-181a plays a significant role in regulating macrophage polarization through directly target KLF6 and C/EBPα.

  18. Two new Np--Ga phases: α-NpGa2 and metastable m-NpGa2

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Giessen, B.C.; Elliott, R.O.

    1976-01-01

    Following an earlier study of metastable Np-rich Np--Ga alloys, rapidly quenched Np--Ga alloys with 63 to 80 at. pct. Ga were prepared and studied. Two new NpGa 2 phases, both with an AlB 2 type structure, were found: α-NpGa 2 , with a = 4.246A, c = 4.060A, c/a = 0.956, and m-NpGa 2 , with a = 4.412A, c = 3.642A, c/a = 0.825. While m-NpGa 2 was observed only in very fast quenched (splat cooled) samples and appears to be metastable, α-NpGa 2 is probably an equilibrium phase. In a splat cooled alloy with 75 at. pct. Ga, another, unidentified, metastable phase was observed. Crystal chemical discussions of atomic volumes, interatomic distances and axial ratios are given; the volume difference between the two forms of NpGa 2 is correlated with a valence change of Np

  19. Elevated expression of the IGF2 mRNA binding protein 2 (IGF2BP2/IMP2) is linked to short survival and metastasis in esophageal adenocarcinoma

    OpenAIRE

    Barghash, Ahmad; Golob-Schwarzl, Nicole; Helms, Volkhard; Haybaeck, Johannes; Kessler, Sonja M.

    2016-01-01

    Esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) represents the sixth leading cause of cancer-related deaths and develops in Barret's esophagus affected tissues. The IGF2 mRNA binding protein IMP2/IGF2BP2/p62 was originally identified as an autoantigen in hepatocellular carcinoma. Aim of this study was to investigate the expression and prognostic role of IMP2 in EAC. Human EAC and Barret's esophagus tissue showed overexpression of IMP2, particularly in tumors of increased size and in metastatic tissues. Molec...

  20. Production of iceberg lettuce using mulches Produção de alface tipo americana sob coberturas de solo

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Marcelo Fontanetti Verdial

    2001-12-01

    Full Text Available Mulches bring several benefits to lettuce cultivation. This work evaluated the effect of mulches on the cultivation of iceberg lettuce, cv. Lucy Brown. The treatment plots were: 1- no mulch and no weed control (control; 2- no mulch and weed control every 15 days; 3- sugarcane bagasse mulch of 2 cm thickness; 4- black plastic mulch; 5- double-faced plastic mulch (silver/black. Data were collected in regard to plant cycle when in the field, amount of chlorophyll in the leaves, productivity (individual weight per head and amount of nutrients absorbed by the leaves. Double-faced plastic mulch provides the highest productivity and the highest values for the amount of chlorophyll, nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur, boron and iron accumulation in the leaves.A utilização da cobertura do solo pode trazer inúmeros benefícios ao cultivo de alface. Este experimento teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito de tipos de coberturas de solo no cultivo de alface tipo americana cv. Lucy Brown. Os tratamentos foram: 1- canteiro sem cobertura e sem capina (testemunha, 2- canteiro sem cobertura, com capina quinzenal, 3- canteiro com cobertura de bagaço de cana de 2 cm de espessura, 4- canteiro com cobertura de plástico preto, 5- canteiro com cobertura de plástico dupla face (prateado/preto. Foram avaliados o ciclo das plantas no campo, a quantidade de clorofila nas folhas, a produção em peso individual de cabeça e a quantidade de nutrientes absorvidos nas folhas. A utilização de cobertura plástica do tipo dupla face proporcionou os maiores valores médios de produção. Foi também o tratamento em que foram obtidos os maiores valores para quantidade de clorofila, nitrogênio, fósforo, enxofre, boro e ferro acumulado nas folhas.

  1. Implication of Xenobiotic Metabolizing Enzyme gene (CYP2E1, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, mEH and NAT2 Polymorphisms in Breast Carcinoma

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Gabbouj Sallouha

    2008-04-01

    Full Text Available Abstract Background Xenobiotic Metabolizing Enzymes (XMEs contribute to the detoxification of numerous cancer therapy-induced products. This study investigated the susceptibility and prognostic implications of the CYP2E1, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, mEH and NAT2 gene polymorphisms in breast carcinoma patients. Methods The authors used polymerase chain reaction and restriction enzyme digestion to characterize the variation of the CYP2E1, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, mEH and NAT2 gene in a total of 560 unrelated subjects (246 controls and 314 patients. Results The mEH (C/C mutant and the NAT2 slow acetylator genotypes were significantly associated with breast carcinoma risk (p = 0.02; p = 0.01, respectively. For NAT2 the association was more pronounced among postmenopausal patients (p = 0.006. A significant association was found between CYP2D6 (G/G wild type and breast carcinoma risk only in postmenopausal patients (p = 0.04. Association studies of genetic markers with the rates of breast carcinoma specific overall survival (OVS and the disease-free survival (DFS revealed among all breast carcinoma patients no association to DFS but significant differences in OVS only with the mEH gene polymorphisms (p = 0.02. In addition, the mEH wild genotype showed a significant association with decreased OVS in patients with axillary lymph node-negative patients (p = 0.03 and with decreasesd DFS in patients with axillary lymph node-positive patients (p = 0.001. However, the NAT2 intermediate acetylator genotype was associated with decreased DFS in axillary lymph node-negative patients. Conclusion The present study may prove that polymorphisms of some XME genes may predict the onset of breast carcinoma as well as survival after treatment.

  2. The labelling of antibody anti-PBP2a with {sup 99m}Tc; Estudo de marcacao do anticorpo monoclonal anti-PBP2a com {sup 99m}Tc

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Mororo, Janio da Silva

    2012-07-01

    Staphylococcus aureus is a major cause of life-threatening infections such as bacteraemia and endocarditis. Unfortunately, many strains of this bacterial species have become resistant to certain antibiotics, including methicillin and amoxicillin. These strains are known as methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). The penicillin binding protein 2a (PBP2a) is the enzyme responsible for conferring resistance p-lactams antibiotics for MRSA, being one promising molecule for therapy with mAb. However, besides the therapy, the methods of diagnosis are also inefficient because the diagnosis currently takes several days to produce a reliable result. Taking into account, the objective of this research was radiolabeling one anti-PBP2a mAb developed by Bio-Manguinhos/FioCruz-RJ, utilizing {sup 99m}Tc, for in situ diagnostic of the infectious caused by MRSA. First, anti-PBP2a mAb was reduced utilizing 2-mecaptoethanol (2-ME) for generate sulphydryl groups (-SH) and after to be labeled with {sup 99m}Tc. In this work, were utilized two techniques of direct method: Method 1, using tartrate and gentisic acid reagents, acting like transchelant and stabilizer agents, respectively; and Method 2, using one commercial kit of MDP. Besides the radiolabeling, the mAb reduced and mAb labeled with {sup 99m}Tc were submitted to immunoreactivity analysis, with SDS-PAGE non-reducing, Immunoblotting, ELISA and neutralization assay in vitro methods. The quantity produced of sulphydryl groups by mAb was satisfactory, approximately 5 per mAb, utilizing 6.500:1 of 2-ME:mAb molar ratio. The better labeling method was Method 2, with labeling yield of 73.5%, and showed a good stability after 2 hours (73.2%). The better formulation was: 0.5 mg of mAb anti- PBP2a, 10 {mu}U of MDP kit, after resuspended with 5 mL of saline, and 75.48 MBq (2.04 mCi) of {sup 99m}Tc, reacting by 15 minutes. The labeled mAb maintained the immunoreactivity, utilizing immunologic and in vitro experiments. (author)

  3. Avaliação da silagem de sete genótipos de sorgo [(Sorghum bicolor (L Moench]. II. Padrão de fermentação

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    Brito A.F.

    2000-01-01

    Full Text Available Foram utilizados quatro genótipos de sorgo de porte alto, colmo suculento e com açúcar e três de porte baixo, colmo seco e sem açúcar com o objetivo de determinar as percentagens de matéria seca (MS, proteína bruta (PB, nitrogênio amoniacal em relação ao nitrogênio total (N-NH3/NT, pH e carboidratos solúveis em álcool (CHOS. O sorgo CMSXS156, de porte baixo, apresentou, o maior teor de MS (33,6% aos 28 dias de ensilagem. Os genótipos de porte baixo tiveram em média 8,8% de PB e os de porte alto 5%, diferença provavelmente devida à maior proporção de folhas e panícula nos de porte baixo. O pH médio das silagens aos 56 dias de fermentação foi de 3,6 e variou de 3,5 a 3,8, e o teor médio de N-NH3/NT nesse mesmo período foi de 5,3%, mostrando que as silagens apresentaram um adequado processo fermentativo. O teor médio de CHOS no material original foi de 9,7% e a variação de 13,2 a 16,5% e de 2,2 a 4,0% nos genótipos de porte alto e baixo, respectivamente.

  4. Anti-influenza M2e antibody

    Science.gov (United States)

    Bradbury, Andrew M [Santa Fe, NM

    2011-12-20

    Humanized recombinant and monoclonal antibodies specific for the ectodomain of the influenza virus M2 ion channel protein are disclosed. The antibodies of the invention have anti-viral activity and may be useful as anti-viral therapeutics and/or prophylactic/vaccine agents for inhibiting influenza virus replication and for treating individuals infected with influenza.

  5. CO2 line-mixing database and software update and its tests in the 2.1 μm and 4.3 μm regions

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Lamouroux, J.; Régalia, L.; Thomas, X.; Vander Auwera, J.; Gamache, R.R.; Hartmann, J.-M.

    2015-01-01

    An update of the former version of the database and software for the calculation of CO 2 –air absorption coefficients taking line-mixing into account [Lamouroux et al. J Quant Spectrosc Radiat Transf 2010;111:2321] is described. In this new edition, the data sets were constructed using parameters from the 2012 version of the HITRAN database and recent measurements of line-shape parameters. Among other improvements, speed-dependent profiles can now be used if line-mixing is treated within the first order approximation. This new package is tested using laboratory spectra measured in the 2.1 μm and 4.3 μm spectral regions for various pressures, temperatures and CO 2 concentration conditions. Despite improvements at 4.3 μm at room temperature, the conclusions on the quality of this update are more ambiguous at low temperature and in the 2.1 μm region. Further tests using laboratory and atmospheric spectra are thus required for the evaluation of the performances of this updated package. - Highlights: • High resolution infrared spectroscopy. • CO 2 in air. • Updated tools. • Line mixing database and software

  6. Detection of Nuclear Protein Profile Changes by Human Metapneumovirus M2-2 Protein Using Quantitative Differential Proteomics

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    Yuping Ren

    2017-12-01

    Full Text Available Human metapneumovirus (hMPV is a leading cause of lower respiratory infection in pediatric populations globally. This study examined proteomic profile changes in A549 cells infected with hMPV and two attenuated mutants with deleted PDZ domain-binding motif(s in the M2-2 protein. These motifs are involved in the interruption of antiviral signaling, namely the interaction between the TNF receptor associated factor (TRAF and mitochondrial antiviral-signaling (MAVS proteins. The aim of this study was to provide insight into the overall and novel impact of M2-2 motifs on cellular responses via an unbiased comparison. Tandem mass tagging, stable isotope labeling, and high-resolution mass spectrometry were used for quantitative proteomic analysis. Using quantitative proteomics and Venn analysis, 1248 common proteins were detected in all infected samples of both technical sets. Hierarchical clustering of the differentiated proteome displayed distinct proteomic signatures that were controlled by the motif(s. Bioinformatics and experimental analysis confirmed the differentiated proteomes, revealed novel cellular biological events, and implicated key pathways controlled by hMPV M2-2 PDZ domain-binding motif(s. This provides further insight for evaluating M2-2 mutants as potent vaccine candidates.

  7. RADIOEMISSÕES SOLARES TIPO II ASSOCIADAS A FLARES E CMES

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    Rafael Douglas Cunha-Silva

    2013-12-01

    Full Text Available Atribuídas a ondas de choque e a ejeções de plasmoide, as emissões solares tipo II são ondaseletromagnéticas geradas a partir de oscilações do plasma coronal. A origem dos choques associados a essasemissões é ainda uma questão em aberto da física solar. Enquanto alguns trabalhos sugerem os flares solarescomo seus acionadores, outros fornecem indícios de serem as ejeções de massa coronal (CMEs sua origemmais provável. Este trabalho apresenta os resultados da análise de duas emissões tipo II, registradas por doisespectrômetros da rede e-CALLISTO (extended-Compound Astronomical Low-cost Low-frequency Instrument forSpectroscopy and Transportable Observatory, os quais operam na faixa de frequências de 45-870 MHz. Oprimeiro evento, observado em 13 de junho de 2010, às 05:38 UT, apresentou uma taxa de deriva em frequênciade -0,2 MHz s-1, correspondente a uma velocidade de choque de 528 km s-1, estando, temporalmente, associadoa uma CME lenta (~320 km s-1 e a um flare solar em raios-X, classe M1.0. O segundo evento, observado em 09de Agosto de 2011, às 08:02 UT, apresentou uma taxa de deriva em frequência de -1,4 MHz s-1, correspondentea uma velocidade de choque de 1375 km s-1, estando, temporalmente, associado a uma CME tipo halo (~1610km s-1 e a um flare solar em raios-X, classe X6.9. Os resultados obtidos, para os parâmetros observacionais dasemissões tipo II e para os parâmetros físicos de suas fontes, são discutidos no contexto de sua relação com seuflares e CMEs associados.

  8. Factores contribuyentes al desarrollo de infecciones adquiridas en la comunidad en diabéticos tipo 2 admitidos en salas de medicina del Hospital Nacional Cayetano Heredia

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Tapia-Zegarra Gino Guillermo

    2001-01-01

    Full Text Available El propósito del estudio es identificar factores contribuyentes al desarrollo de infecciones adquiridas en la comunidad en diabéticos tipo 2 hospitalizados. De tal forma, se siguió el diseño de un estudio de casos y controles no apareado. Consecuentemente, se eligieron en forma aleatoria 105 diabéticos con infección adquirida en la comunidad y 105 diabéticos con patología no infecciosa, obtenidos de los Servicios de Medicina de un hospital universitario, entre 1991 y 1998. Mediante el análisis bivariado y multivariado, se obtuvo la estimación ajustada del valor de odds ratio. Los resultados permitieron, según análisis estratificado por edad y sexo, obtener a neuropatía autonómica como factor contribuyente de infecciones urinarias (OR = 4,07. En el modelo multivariado se aisló a vasculopatía periférica (R²: 0,24 como contribuyente de infección de piel y partes blandas (OR = 6,79. Los intervalos de confianza fueron significativos y de 95% de confiabilidad. En conclusión, vasculopatía periférica y vejiga neurogénica contribuyen al desarrollo de infecciones adquiridas en la comunidad en diabéticos tipo 2 hospitalizados.

  9. Investigation into the dehydration of selenate doped Na2M(SO4)2·2H2O (M = Mn, Fe, Co and Ni): Stabilisation of the high Na content alluaudite phases Na3M1.5(SO4)3-1.5x(SeO4)1.5x (M = Mn, Co and Ni) through selenate incorporation

    Science.gov (United States)

    Driscoll, L. L.; Kendrick, E.; Knight, K. S.; Wright, A. J.; Slater, P. R.

    2018-02-01

    In this paper we report an investigation into the phases formed on dehydration of Na2M(SO4)2-x(SeO4)x·2H2O (0 ≤ x ≤ 1; M = Mn, Fe, Co and Ni). For the Fe series, all attempts to dehydrate the samples doped with selenate resulted in amorphous products, and it is suspected that a side redox reaction involving the Fe and selenate may be occurring leading to phase decomposition and hence the lack of a crystalline product on dehydration. For M = Mn, Co, Ni, the structure observed was shown to depend upon the transition metal cation and level of selenate doping. An alluaudite phase, Na3M1.5(SO4)3-1.5x(SeO4)1.5x, was observed for the selenate doped compositions, with this phase forming as a single phase for x ≥ 0.5 M = Co, and x = 1.0 M = Ni. For M = Mn, the alluaudite structure is obtained across the series, albeit with small impurities for lower selenate content samples. Although the alluaudite-type phases Na2+2y(Mn/Co)2-y(SO4)3 have recently been reported [1,2], doping with selenate appears to increase the maximum sodium content within the structure. Moreover, the selenate doped Ni based samples reported here are the first examples of a Ni sulfate/selenate containing system exhibiting the alluaudite structure.

  10. Homoleptic Diphosphacyclobutadiene Complexes [M(η4-P2C2R2)2]x- (M=Fe, Co; x=0, 1)

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Wolf, Robert; Ehlers, A.W.; Khusniyarov, M.M.; Hartl, F.; de Bruin, B.; Long, G.J.; Grandjean, F.; Schappacher, F.M.; Pöttgen, R.; Slootweg, J.C.; Lutz, M.; Spek, A.L.; Lammertsma, K.

    2011-01-01

    The preparation and comprehensive characterization of a series of homoleptic sandwich complexes containing diphosphacyclobutadiene ligands are reported. Compounds [K([18]crown-6)ACHTUNGTRENUNG(thf)2][Fe(η4- P2C2tBu2)2] (K1), [K([18]crown-6)- ACHTUNGTRENUNG(thf)2][Co(h4-P2C2tBu2)2] (K2), and

  11. Homoleptic Diphosphacyclobutadiene Complexes [M(η(4)-P2C2R2)(2]x- (M = Fe, Co; x=0, 1)

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Wolf, R.; Ehlers, A.W.; Khusniyarov, M.M.; Hartl, F.; de Bruin, B.; Long, G.J.; Grandjean, F.; Schappacher, F.M.; Pöttgen, R.; Slootweg, J.C.; Lutz, M.; Spek, A.L.; Lammertsma, K.

    2010-01-01

    The preparation and comprehensive characterization of a series of homoleptic sandwich complexes containing diphosphacyclobutadiene ligands are reported. Compounds [K([18]crown-6)(thf)(2)[Fe(η(4)-P(2)C(2)tBu(2))(2)] (K1), [K([18]crown-6)(thf)(2)][Co(η(4)-P(2)C(2)tBu(2))(2)] (K2), and

  12. Distribuição de transtornos alimentares em indivíduos com diabetes melito do tipo 1 e do tipo 2: descrição de dois casos Distribution of eating disorders in subjects with type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus: a description of two cases

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Marcelo Papelbaum

    2007-04-01

    Full Text Available A presença de alterações do comportamento alimentar parece estar aumentada no diabetes melito (DM. Entretanto, a distribuição das diversas categorias de transtornos alimentares tende a se distinguir de acordo com a fisiopatologia do diabetes. O objetivo dessa apresentação é discutir dois casos distintos de ocorrência de transtornos alimentares no DM do tipo 1 (DM1 e no DM do tipo 2 (DM2. A paciente A é do sexo feminino, tem 19 anos e apresenta DM1 desde os 13 anos. Evidenciava sintomas depressivos proeminentes e, há 2 anos, passou a apresentar episódios de compulsão alimentar seguidos de vômitos auto-induzidos e omissão das doses de insulina com o objetivo de evitar ganho de peso. Em função desse comportamento, apresentou diversas internações associadas a uma piora do controle glicêmico. Após o uso de fluoxetina, houve remissão da psicopatologia alimentar e melhora do controle do DM. A paciente B possui 42 anos e é portadora do DM2 há 6 anos. Apresenta obesidade grau II e vinha exibindo, antes mesmo do diagnóstico do DM2, episódios de compulsão alimentar na ausência de comportamentos compensatórios, que prejudicavam o controle metabólico do diabetes. Foi iniciada fluoxetina até a dose de 60 mg/dia, com remissão do descontrole alimentar, perda ponderal e redução da hemoglobina glicosilada. A incidência de transtornos alimentares no DM1 estaria associada com um aumento da preocupação com a forma corporal e a possibilidade da omissão do uso da insulina como comportamento compensatório. No DM2, a obesidade seria um dos fatores associados ao desenvolvimento da psicopatologia alimentar.The presence of changes in eating behavior seems to be increased in diabetes mellitus (DM. However, the distribution of varied categories of eating disorders tends to be distinguished according to the physiopathology of diabetes. The objective of this report is to discuss two distinct cases of eating disorders in type 1 (T1DM and

  13. [Impacts of the formula of Suoquanwan(SQW) on expression of AQP-2 mRNA and AVPR-V2 mRNA in the kidney of rat polyuria model of Yang-deficiency].

    Science.gov (United States)

    Cao, Hong-Ying; Wu, Qing-He; Huang, Ping; He, Jin-Yang

    2009-06-01

    To observe the impacts of the formula of Suoquanwan (SQW) on the expression of AQP-2 mRNA and AVPR-V2 mRNA in the kidney of rat polyuria model of Yang-deficiency. The model rats were induced by adenine (250 mg/kg) for 4 weeks, then treated respectively with SQW or dDAVP. The expression of AQP-2 mRNA and AVPR-V2 mRNA in kidney of Yang-deficiency model by realtime fluorescence quantitative PCR method were investigated. In model rats, the expression of AQP-2 mRNA and AVPR-V2 mRNA in the kidney decreased, dDAVP and SQW high dose could increased the expression of AQP-2 mRNA and AVPR-V2 mRNA in the kidney. The others had no influence on the expression of AQP-2 mRNA and AVPR-V2 mRNA in the kidney. SQW can increase the expression of AQP-2 mRNA and AVPR-V2 mRNA in the kidney of rat polyuria model of Yang-deficiency.

  14. Avaliação das alterações dermatológicas em pacientes portadores de neoplasia endócrina múltipla tipo 1

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Karla Linhares Pinto

    2018-03-01

    Full Text Available Objetivo: o objetivo do estudo foi estabelecer a prevalência de lesões cutâneas em indivíduos com diagnóstico clínico de Neoplasia endócrina múltipla tipo 1 (NEM 1. Metodologia: realizamos exame dermatológico em 38 indivíduos e biópsia cutânea quando necessária para o diagnóstico. Resultados: dos 38 pacientes avaliados, 28 (73,7% apresentavam uma ou mais lesões cutâneas, de predomínio no tronco e a idade média foi de 40.5 ± 12.6 anos (19-65 anos, sendo 20 (75% mulheres. 3 (10,7% indivíduos apresentavam angiofibromas e colagenomas, 3 (10,7% lipomas e colagenomas, 15 (53,6% um ou mais colagenomas, 2 (7,1% melanoses solares, 1 (3,6% pólipo fibroepitelial, 2 (7,1% ceratoses actínicas, 1 (3,6% dermatofibroma e 1 (3,6% apresentava nevo melanocítico displásico. Quatorze lesões sugestivas de colagenoma e 3 de angiofibromas foram biopsiadas, sendo confirmadas por histopatológico em 12 (85,7% e 3 (100% dos casos, respectivamente. Conclusão: observamos predomínio de mulheres avaliadas, principalmente na quarta década de vida apresentando preponderantemente colagenomas múltiplos, preferencialmente no tronco. Em outras series, ocorrem predomínio de angiofibromas. Esses achados podem favorecer a suspeita clínica de novos casos levando ao diagnóstico precoce da NEM 1.

  15. Rac1 Regulates the Activity of mTORC1 and mTORC2 and Controls Cellular Size

    Science.gov (United States)

    Saci, Abdelhafid; Cantley, Lewis C.; Carpenter, Christopher L.

    2013-01-01

    SUMMARY Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a serine/threonine kinase that exists in two separate complexes, mTORC1 and mTORC2, that function to control cell size and growth in response to growth factors, nutrients, and cellular energy levels. Low molecular weight GTP-binding proteins of the Rheb and Rag families are key regulators of the mTORC1 complex, but regulation of mTORC2 is poorly understood. Here, we report that Rac1, a member of the Rho family of GTPases, is a critical regulator of both mTORC1 and mTORC2 in response to growth-factor stimulation. Deletion of Rac1 in primary cells using an inducible-Cre/Lox approach inhibits basal and growth-factor activation of both mTORC1 and mTORC2. Rac1 appears to bind directly to mTOR and to mediate mTORC1 and mTORC2 localization at specific membranes. Binding of Rac1 to mTOR does not depend on the GTP-bound state of Rac1, but on the integrity of its C-terminal domain. This function of Rac1 provides a means to regulate mTORC1 and mTORC2 simultaneously. PMID:21474067

  16. Synthesis, Structure, Bonding, and Reactivity of Metal Complexes Comprising Diborane(4) and Diborene(2): [{Cp*Mo(CO)2 }2 {μ-η22 -B2 H4 }] and [{Cp*M(CO)2 }2 B2 H2 M(CO)4 ], M=Mo,W.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Mondal, Bijan; Bag, Ranjit; Ghorai, Sagar; Bakthavachalam, K; Jemmis, Eluvathingal D; Ghosh, Sundargopal

    2018-04-26

    The reaction of [(Cp*Mo) 2 (μ-Cl) 2 B 2 H 6 ] (1) with CO at room temperature led to the formation of the highly fluxional species [{Cp*Mo(CO) 2 } 2 {μ-η 22 -B 2 H 4 }] (2). Compound 2, to the best of our knowledge, is the first example of a bimetallic diborane(4) conforming to a singly bridged C s structure. Theoretical studies show that 2 mimics the Cotton dimolybdenum-alkyne complex [{CpMo(CO) 2 } 2 C 2 H 2 ]. In an attempt to replace two hydrogen atoms of diborane(4) in 2 with a 2e [W(CO) 4 ] fragment, [{Cp*Mo(CO) 2 } 2 B 2 H 2 W(CO) 4 ] (3) was isolated upon treatment with [W(CO) 5 ⋅thf]. Compound 3 shows the intriguing presence of [B 2 H 2 ] with a short B-B length of 1.624(4) Å. We isolated the tungsten analogues of 3, [{Cp*W(CO) 2 } 2 B 2 H 2 W(CO) 4 ] (4) and [{Cp*W(CO) 2 } 2 B 2 H 2 Mo(CO) 4 ] (5), which provided direct proof of the existence of the tungsten analogue of 2. © 2018 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

  17. Estudo sobre a eficácia da aerostasia pulmonar, em modelo animal, utilizando diferentes tipos de suturas Study about the ability of the pulmonary aerostasia, in animal model, using differents parenchymal pulmonary types of the sutures

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Darcy Ribeiro Pinto Filho

    2003-10-01

    Full Text Available INTRODUÇÃO: A busca de um modelo perfeito de aerostasia pulmonar, após cirurgias que envolvam ressecções parciais, permanece um desafio para a prática da cirurgia torácica. OBJETIVO: Avaliar e comparar, em um modelo animal (suínos, a eficácia de quatro diferentes tipos de sutura pulmonar em manter aerostasia. MÉTODO: Estudo experimental, ex vivo, em pulmões de suínos, realizado no biotério da Universidade de Caxias do Sul. Quatro tipos de sutura pulmonares foram avaliadas: tipo 1, sutura manual com fios cirúrgicos absorvíveis; tipo 2, grampeador exclusivo; tipo 3, grampeador recoberto por pericárdio bovino e tipo 4, grampeador recoberto por cola biológica. As suturas foram submetidas a níveis crescentes de pressão, que variaram de 10cmH2O a 60cmH2O. O teste do borracheiro avaliou o hermetismo das suturas. RESULTADOS: A média de pressão em que se observou perda do hermetismo pulmonar foi de 29cmH2O no tipo 1 (n = 10; 38,5cmH2O no tipo 2 (n = 10; 44cmH2O no tipo 3 (n = 10 e 51,4cmH2O no tipo 4 (n = 10. A comparação entre as médias mostrou diferença estatística apenas entre as suturas tipo 1 e as suturas tipo 3 e 4, p = 0,04 e p BACKGROUND: The search for an ideal procedure to accomplish aerostasis, after partial surgical resection of the lung parenchyma, remains a practical challenge for the thoracic surgeon. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to compare the ability of four types of parenchymal pulmonary sutures in preventing air leaks, using a porcine model with incremental endobronchial pressures. METHOD: Ex vivo experimental study in porcine lungs (n = 5 at the Laboratory of Experimental Surgery of the Universidade de Caxias do Sul. Four different parenchymal pulmonary types of suture were analyzed: type 1 (absorbable suture, type 2: (stapled suture, type 3 (stapled suture with bovine pericardium and type 4 (stapled suture with biologic glue. The surgical sutures (n = 40 were exposed to different intrabronchial

  18. The (2, 0) superalgebra, null M-branes and Hitchin's system

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kucharski, P.; Lambert, N.; Owen, M.

    2017-10-01

    We present an interacting system of equations with sixteen supersymmetries and an SO(2) × SO(6) R-symmetry where the fields depend on two space and one null dimensions that is derived from a representation of the six-dimensional (2, 0) superalgebra. The system can be viewed as two M5-branes compactified on {S}-^1× T^2 or equivalently as M2-branes on R+× R^2 , where ± refer to null directions. We show that for a particular choice of fields the dynamics can be reduced to motion on the moduli space of solutions to the Hitchin system. We argue that this provides a description of intersecting null M2-branes and is also related by U-duality to a DLCQ description of four-dimensional maximally supersymmetric Yang-Mills.

  19. A IDENTIFICAÇÃO DE TIPOS DE LIDERANÇA A PARTIR DE ARQUÉTIPOS

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Adriana Nunes Lacerda e Prestupa

    2009-09-01

    junguianos analisados por Moore e Gillette (1993 foram relacionados com características de líderes dentro do contexto organizacional. Desta forma foi possível apresentar uma tipologia rica e aplicável, onde o individuo pode se identificar e também entender o processo e a maturação das características dos arquétipos estudados para melhor desempenho dentro das organizações.

  20. Highly retarded M2 transition in 90Nb

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Sergeev, V.O.

    2006-01-01

    One studied properties of 2.3 keV transition between 124.67 (4 - ) and 122.37 keV (6 + ) in 90 Nb. The mentioned M2-transition is shown to be retarded by approximately 10 4 times and provided explanations of the mentioned extraordinary high factor of deceleration. One evaluated impurity of E3 possible multipolarity constituent in the mentioned transition (δ 2 [ru

  1. Emprego de tipos de cobertura de canteiro no cultivo da alface Evaluation of mulch types on lettuce production

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Valter C. de Andrade Júnior

    2005-12-01

    Full Text Available Com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito de diferentes coberturas de canteiro sobre as características agronômicas de cultivares de alface (Lactuca sativa L. tipo lisa, foi realizado um experimento na Universidade Vale do Rio Verde em Três Corações (MG. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi de blocos ao acaso em esquema fatorial 5 x 2, proveniente da combinação de cinco tipos de cobertura (plástico preto, capim braquiária seco, casca de arroz, casca de café e solo nu e duas cultivares de alface tipo lisa (Regina e Elisa, com 3 repetições. A colheita foi realizada 42 dias após o transplantio, sendo avaliados a produção total (t ha-1, produção comercial, massa média por planta, diâmetro médio de cabeça, diâmetro médio de caule, número médio de folhas e massa média de raiz. Foi observada interação significativa entre tipos de cobertura x cultivares somente para a característica massa média de raiz, tendo a cultivar Elisa apresentado maior massa média de raiz quando utilizadas as coberturas com casca de café e casca de arroz. A cobertura com casca de café foi a que proporcionou os melhores resultados, superando os demais tipos de cobertura para todas as características avaliadas. A cultivar Regina foi superior à Elisa em quase todas as características estudadas, exceto para diâmetro médio de caule onde não foi observada diferença significativa entre as cultivares. 'Elisa' também apresentou maior massa média de raiz que a cultivar Regina.An experiment was carried out at Universidade Vale do Rio Verde, Minas Gerais State, Brazil, to evaluate the effect of bed coverages on the agronomic characteristics of lettuce cultivars. The experimental design was of randomized complete blocks in a 5 x 2 factorial scheme with five types of mulch (black plastic; dry braquiaria grass; rice husk; coffee husk and nude soil, two leaf lettuce cultivars (Regina and Elisa and three replications. Plants were harvested 42 days after

  2. Th1/M1 conversion to Th2/M2 responses in models of inflammation lacking cell death stimulates maturation of monocyte precursors to fibroblasts

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    JoAnn eTrial

    2013-09-01

    Full Text Available We have demonstrated that cardiac fibrosis arises from the differentiation of monocyte-derived fibroblasts. We present here evidence that this process requires sequential Th1 and Th2 induction promoting analogous M1 (classically activated and M2 (alternatively activated macrophage polarity. Our models are 1 mice subjected to daily repetitive ischemia reperfusion (I/R without infarction and 2 the in vitro transmigration of human mononuclear leukocytes through human cardiac microvascular endothelium. In the mouse heart, leukocytes entered after I/R in response to monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1 which is the major cytokine induced by this protocol. Monocytes within the heart then differentiated into fibroblasts making collagen while bearing the markers of M2 macrophages. T cells were seen in these hearts as well as in the human heart with cardiomyopathy. In the in vitro model, transmigration of the leukocytes was likewise induced by MCP-1 and some monocytes matured into fibroblasts bearing M2 markers. In this model, the MCP-1 stimulus induced a transient Th1 and M1 response that developed into a predominately Th2 and M2 response. An increase in the Th2 product IL-13 was present in both the human and the mouse models, consistent with its known role in fibrosis. In these simplified models, in which there is no cell death to stimulate an anti-inflammatory response, there is nonetheless a resolution of inflammation enabling a profibrotic environment. This induces the maturation of monocyte precursors into fibroblasts.

  3. Adaptación cultural al español y validación psicométrica del Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activities measure (SDSCA en personas con diabetes mellitus tipo 2

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jorge Caro-Bautista

    2016-08-01

    Conclusiones: El SDSCA-Sp en una versión válida en la práctica clínica y en investigación para evaluar autocuidados en diabetes mellitus tipo 2 con propiedades clinimétricas similares a las obtenidas en estudios previos.

  4. IRAK2 directs stimulus-dependent nuclear export of inflammatory mRNAs.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Zhou, Hao; Bulek, Katarzyna; Li, Xiao; Herjan, Tomasz; Yu, Minjia; Qian, Wen; Wang, Han; Zhou, Gao; Chen, Xing; Yang, Hui; Hong, Lingzi; Zhao, Junjie; Qin, Luke; Fukuda, Koichi; Flotho, Annette; Gao, Ji; Dongre, Ashok; Carman, Julie A; Kang, Zizhen; Su, Bing; Kern, Timothy S; Smith, Jonathan D; Hamilton, Thomas A; Melchior, Frauke; Fox, Paul L; Li, Xiaoxia

    2017-10-09

    Expression of inflammatory genes is determined in part by post-transcriptional regulation of mRNA metabolism but how stimulus- and transcript-dependent nuclear export influence is poorly understood. Here, we report a novel pathway in which LPS/TLR4 engagement promotes nuclear localization of IRAK2 to facilitate nuclear export of a specific subset of inflammation-related mRNAs for translation in murine macrophages. IRAK2 kinase activity is required for LPS-induced RanBP2-mediated IRAK2 sumoylation and subsequent nuclear translocation. Array analysis showed that an SRSF1-binding motif is enriched in mRNAs dependent on IRAK2 for nuclear export. Nuclear IRAK2 phosphorylates SRSF1 to reduce its binding to target mRNAs, which promotes the RNA binding of the nuclear export adaptor ALYREF and nuclear export receptor Nxf1 loading for the export of the mRNAs. In summary, LPS activates a nuclear function of IRAK2 that facilitates the assembly of nuclear export machinery to export selected inflammatory mRNAs to the cytoplasm for translation.

  5. mPGES-1-derived PGE2 mediates dehydration natriuresis

    Science.gov (United States)

    Jia, Zhanjun; Liu, Gang; Sun, Ying; Kakizoe, Yutaka; Guan, Guangju; Zhang, Aihua; Zhou, Shu-Feng

    2013-01-01

    PGE2 is a natriuretic factor whose production is elevated after water deprivation (WD) but its role in dehydration natriuresis is not well-defined. The goal of the present study was to investigate the role of microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 (mPGES-1) in dehydration natriuresis. After 24-h WD, wild-type (WT) mice exhibited a significant increase in 24-h urinary Na+ excretion accompanied with normal plasma Na+ concentration and osmolality. In contrast, WD-induced elevation of urinary Na+ excretion was completely abolished in mPGES-1 knockout (KO) mice in parallel with increased plasma Na+ concentration and a trend increase in plasma osmolality. WD induced a 1.8-fold increase in urinary PGE2 output and a 1.6-fold increase in PGE2 content in the renal medulla of WT mice, both of which were completely abolished by mPGES-1 deletion. Similar patterns of changes were observed for urinary nitrate/nitrite and cGMP. The natriuresis in dehydrated WT mice was associated with a significant downregulation of renal medullary epithelial Na channel-α mRNA and protein, contrasting to unaltered expressions in dehydrated KO mice. By quantitative RT-PCR, WD increased the endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), inducible NOS, and neuronal NOS expressions in the renal medulla of WT mice by 3.9-, 1.48-, and 2.6-fold, respectively, all of which were significantly blocked in mPGES-1 KO mice. The regulation of eNOS expression was further confirmed by immunoblotting. Taken together, our results suggest that mPGES-1-derived PGE2 contributes to dehydration natriuresis likely via NO/cGMP. PMID:23171554

  6. Correlação entre Inventário de Depressão de Beck e cortisol urinário em diabéticos tipo 2 Correlación entre el inventario de Depresión de Beck y el cortisol urinario en diabeticos tipo 2 Correlation between urine cortisol and scores on the Beck Depression inventory in patients with type 2 diabetes

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Alexandra Bulgarelli do Nascimento

    2009-01-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Verificar a correlação entre o cortisol urinário e o Inventário de Depressão de Beck em diabéticos do tipo 2. MÉTODOS: O cortisol urinário foi avaliado em uma amostra composta por 40 pacientes da Liga de Controle de Diabetes da Disciplina de Endocrinologia do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo e para a avaliação dos sintomas de depressão foi aplicado o Inventário de Depressão de Beck. RESULTADOS: Alta confiabilidade para o Inventário de Depressão de Beck(Alfa de Cronbach=0,920e correlação significativa foi observada entre cortisol urinário e Inventário de Depressão de Beck(Spearman,r=0.523,pOBJETIVO: Verificar la correlación entre el cortisol urinario y el Inventario de Depresión de Beck en diabéticos del tipo 2. MÉTODOS: El cortisol urinario fue evaluado en una muestra compuesta por 40 pacientes de la Liga de Control de Diabetes de la Disciplina de Endocrinología del Hospital de las Clínicas de la Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad de Sao Paulo y para la evaluación de los síntomas de depresión fue aplicado el Inventario de Depresión de Beck. RESULTADOS: Alta confiabilidad para el Inventario de Depresión de Beck(Alfa de Cronbach=0,920 y correlación significativa observada entre el cortisol urinario e Inventario de Depresión de Beck (Spearman,r=0.523,pOBJECTIVE: To determine the relationship between urinary cortisol and scores on the Beck Depression Inventory in type 2 diabetics. METHODS: The sample consisted of 40 patients with type 2 diabetes from the diabetes control league of the discipline of endocrinology of the HCFM-USP. Measures consisted of urinary cortisol and depression symptoms using the Beck Depression Inventory. RESULTS: The Beck Depression Inventory had a Cronbach's alpha of 0.92. There was a statistically significant correlation between urinary cortisol and scores on the Beck Depression Inventory (Spearman r = 0.52, p < .001. CONCLUSIONS: The

  7. Produção de plantas de pinhão manso em diferentes espaçamentos e tipos de consórcio

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Marcelo Dias Müller

    2015-07-01

    Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de diferentes arranjos de plantio próprios para o consórcio com a atividade agrícola e pecuária, bem como tipos de consórcio na produção de plantas de pinhão manso em duas safras. O experimento foi realizado no município de Coronel Pacheco, Minas Gerais, em delineamento em blocos ao acaso, em esquema de parcelas subdivididas, sendo a parcela representada por 5 espaçamentos: 6x3m (555 pl ha-1; 12x(2x2m (714 pl ha-1; 10x(2x2m (833 pl ha-1; 8x(2x2m (1.000 pl ha-1; 6x1,5m (1.111 pl ha-1 e a subparcela representada por dois tipos de consórcio (integração lavoura-pecuária-pinhão manso - iLPF, e integração pecuária pinhão manso - SSP. As avalições contemplaram as safras 2010/2011 e 2011/2012. Os resultados demonstraram que o maior espaçamento de plantio (6x3m apresentou efeito positivo na produção por planta, superando os demais tratamentos. Não foram observados efeitos significativos no número de sementes por fruto, bem como no peso da semente. A produção por hectare, foi maior no espaçamento 6x1,5m (maior densidade populacional, entretanto não seguiu uma tendência linear. O sistema iLPF apresentou efeito significativo na produção, superando o sistema SSP

  8. Mini-magnetospheric plasma propulsion (M2P2): High speed propulsion sailing the solar wind

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Winglee, Robert; Slough, John; Ziemba, Tim; Goodson, Anthony

    2000-01-01

    Mini-Magnetospheric Plasma Propulsion (M2P2) seeks the creation of a magnetic wall or bubble (i.e. a magnetosphere) that will intercept the supersonic solar wind which is moving at 300-800 km/s. In so doing, a force of about 1 N will be exerted on the spacecraft by the spacecraft while only requiring a few mN of force to sustain the mini-magnetosphere. Equivalently, the incident solar wind power is about 1 MW while about 1 kW electrical power is required to sustain the system, with about 0.25-0.5 kg being expended per day. This nominal configuration utilizing only solar electric cells for power, the M2P2 will produce a magnetic barrier approximately 15-20 km in radius, which would accelerate a 70-140 kg payload to speeds of about 50-80 km/s. At this speed, missions to the heliopause and beyond can be achieved in under 10 yrs. Design characteristics for a prototype are also described

  9. The labelling of antibody anti-PBP2a with 99mTc

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Mororo, Janio da Silva

    2012-01-01

    Staphylococcus aureus is a major cause of life-threatening infections such as bacteraemia and endocarditis. Unfortunately, many strains of this bacterial species have become resistant to certain antibiotics, including methicillin and amoxicillin. These strains are known as methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). The penicillin binding protein 2a (PBP2a) is the enzyme responsible for conferring resistance p-lactams antibiotics for MRSA, being one promising molecule for therapy with mAb. However, besides the therapy, the methods of diagnosis are also inefficient because the diagnosis currently takes several days to produce a reliable result. Taking into account, the objective of this research was radiolabeling one anti-PBP2a mAb developed by Bio-Manguinhos/FioCruz-RJ, utilizing 99m Tc, for in situ diagnostic of the infectious caused by MRSA. First, anti-PBP2a mAb was reduced utilizing 2-mecaptoethanol (2-ME) for generate sulphydryl groups (-SH) and after to be labeled with 99m Tc. In this work, were utilized two techniques of direct method: Method 1, using tartrate and gentisic acid reagents, acting like transchelant and stabilizer agents, respectively; and Method 2, using one commercial kit of MDP. Besides the radiolabeling, the mAb reduced and mAb labeled with 99m Tc were submitted to immunoreactivity analysis, with SDS-PAGE non-reducing, Immunoblotting, ELISA and neutralization assay in vitro methods. The quantity produced of sulphydryl groups by mAb was satisfactory, approximately 5 per mAb, utilizing 6.500:1 of 2-ME:mAb molar ratio. The better labeling method was Method 2, with labeling yield of 73.5%, and showed a good stability after 2 hours (73.2%). The better formulation was: 0.5 mg of mAb anti- PBP2a, 10 μU of MDP kit, after resuspended with 5 mL of saline, and 75.48 MBq (2.04 mCi) of 99m Tc, reacting by 15 minutes. The labeled mAb maintained the immunoreactivity, utilizing immunologic and in vitro experiments. (author)

  10. PGE2-induced colon cancer growth is mediated by mTORC1

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Dufour, Marc; Faes, Seraina; Dormond-Meuwly, Anne; Demartines, Nicolas; Dormond, Olivier

    2014-01-01

    Highlights: • PGE 2 activates mTORC1 in colon cancer cells. • Inhibition of mTORC1 blocks PGE 2 induced colon cancer cell growth. • mTORC1 is a signaling intermediary in PGE 2 induced colon cancer cell responses. - Abstract: The inflammatory prostaglandin E 2 (PGE 2 ) cytokine plays a key role in the development of colon cancer. Several studies have shown that PGE 2 directly induces the growth of colon cancer cells and furthermore promotes tumor angiogenesis by increasing the production of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). The signaling intermediaries implicated in these processes have however not been fully characterized. In this report, we show that the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) plays an important role in PGE 2 -induced colon cancer cell responses. Indeed, stimulation of LS174T cells with PGE 2 increased mTORC1 activity as observed by the augmentation of S6 ribosomal protein phosphorylation, a downstream effector of mTORC1. The PGE 2 EP 4 receptor was responsible for transducing the signal to mTORC1. Moreover, PGE 2 increased colon cancer cell proliferation as well as the growth of colon cancer cell colonies grown in matrigel and blocking mTORC1 by rapamycin or ATP-competitive inhibitors of mTOR abrogated these effects. Similarly, the inhibition of mTORC1 by downregulation of its component raptor using RNA interference blocked PGE 2 -induced LS174T cell growth. Finally, stimulation of LS174T cells with PGE 2 increased VEGF production which was also prevented by mTORC1 inhibition. Taken together, these results show that mTORC1 is an important signaling intermediary in PGE 2 mediated colon cancer cell growth and VEGF production. They further support a role for mTORC1 in inflammation induced tumor growth

  11. The photoinduced dynamics of X[M(dmit)2]2 salts

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Ishikawa, Tadahiko; Koshihara, Shinya; Hayes, Stuart A; Miller, R J Dwayne; Hada, Masaki

    2017-01-01

    We review our work on the photoinduced dynamics of X[M(dmit) 2 ] 2 salts in the charge-separated (CS) phase from the viewpoints of both electronic structural change and lattice or molecular structural change. The driving force for the CS phase formation is a strong correlation among the charge distribution, orbital energies, and the molecular structure; this is in contrast to frequently studied charge-ordered systems such as EDOTTF 2 PF 6 , whose formation is mainly driven by the intersite Coulomb repulsion. Despite the localized nature of the structural component, the cooperativity inherent to the crystal is likely to play an important role in photoinduced phenomena. In this review, we summarize the results obtained by a series of optical pump-probe experiments on this class of materials. We have also recently extended these studies using ultrafast electron diffraction to follow the nuclear motion in one of these systems. Such information is crucial for a full understanding of the photoinduced phenomena and it is anticipated that combining the results of the optical and diffraction studies will lead to more fruitful insight than either technique can offer in isolation. (paper)

  12. Consumo máximo de oxígeno (vo2max en bomberos: revisión sistemática de estudios

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jimmy Rojas Quirós

    2013-07-01

    Full Text Available Consumo máximo de oxígeno (VO2max en bomberos: revisión sistemática de estudios. El trabajo de bombero es catalogada como una profesión de riesgo, con alto requerimiento físico; en los últimos años el bombero ha adquirido más competencias que la propia de apagar incendios, entre ellas las intervenciones en accidentes de tránsito, incidentes con materiales peligrosos, rescates, fuegos forestales, entre otros. La imagen del bombero tradicional ha dado paso a nuevos profesionales preparados para afrontar todo tipo de desastres por lo que se habla en la actualidad del bombero completo. El objetivo de este estudio fue revisar sistemáticamente la evidencia científica sobre los valores de consumo máximo de oxígeno (VO2max que presentan los bomberos. Se incluyeron un total de 19 estudios, publicados entre los años 2002 y 2012, de las bases de datos de EBSCOhost, SpringerLink, SPORTDiscus, Medline, Embase y Scielo; además de revistas como Journal of Sports Science & Medicine, Occupational Medicine y Psicothema. Se concluye con esta revisión, con base a los resultados de los estudios, que las diferentes poblaciones de bomberos, oscilan un VO2max de 39,20 a 58,21 ml/kg/min, que varía según la condición inicial que tienen los bomberos en los diferentes estudios que proponen los autores; en general se determina que un bombero debe poseer valores de VO2max por encima de los 43 ml/kg/min, lo cual es lo mínimo recomendable para al menos poseer una buena capacidad aeróbica que le permita desenvolverse en sus funciones básicas como bombero.

  13. Type 2 Diabetes: What Is It?

    Science.gov (United States)

    ... Videos for Educators Search English Español Type 2 Diabetes: What Is It? KidsHealth / For Parents / Type 2 ... español Diabetes tipo 2: ¿Qué es? What Is Diabetes? Diabetes is a disease that affects how the ...

  14. J e (4.2?K, 31.2 T) beyond 1?kA/mm2 of a ~3.2??m thick, 20?mol% Zr-added MOCVD REBCO coated conductor

    OpenAIRE

    Xu, A.; Zhang, Y.; Gharahcheshmeh, M. Heydari; Yao, Y.; Galstyan, E.; Abraimov, D.; Kametani, F.; Polyanskii, A.; Jaroszynski, J.; Griffin, V.; Majkic, G.; Larbalestier, D. C.; Selvamanickam, V.

    2017-01-01

    A main challenge that significantly impedes REBa2Cu3Ox (RE?=?rare earth) coated conductor applications is the low engineering critical current density J e because of the low superconductor fill factor in a complicated layered structure that is crucial for REBa2Cu3Ox to carry supercurrent. Recently, we have successfully achieved engineering critical current density beyond 2.0?kA/mm2 at 4.2?K and 16 T, by growing thick REBa2Cu3Ox layer, from ?1.0??m up to ?3.2??m, as well as controlling the pin...

  15. Understanding the Mysterious M2 Macrophage through Activation Markers and Effector Mechanisms

    Science.gov (United States)

    Rőszer, Tamás

    2015-01-01

    The alternatively activated or M2 macrophages are immune cells with high phenotypic heterogeneity and are governing functions at the interface of immunity, tissue homeostasis, metabolism, and endocrine signaling. Today the M2 macrophages are identified based on the expression pattern of a set of M2 markers. These markers are transmembrane glycoproteins, scavenger receptors, enzymes, growth factors, hormones, cytokines, and cytokine receptors with diverse and often yet unexplored functions. This review discusses whether these M2 markers can be reliably used to identify M2 macrophages and define their functional subdivisions. Also, it provides an update on the novel signals of the tissue environment and the neuroendocrine system which shape the M2 activation. The possible evolutionary roots of the M2 macrophage functions are also discussed. PMID:26089604

  16. Measured Hugoniot states of a two-element fluid, O2 + N2, near 2 Mg/m3

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Schott, G.L.

    1983-01-01

    Measured single-shock Hugoniot quantities are reported for a 1:1 atomic mixture of the elements oxygen and nitrogen in each of two liquid initial states. One of these is the inert equimolar solution O 2 + N 2 , at T approx. = 85K, v approx. = 1.06 m 3 /Mg; the other is the pure explosive compound nitric oxide, NO, at T approx. = 122K, v approx. = 0.79 m 3 /Mg. First-shock pressures are in the range 10 to 30 GPa. The two Hugoniots have common values of specific volumes and energies near 20 GPa; that is, they intersect. This permits a novel test of attainment of steady waves with equilibrium composition, such that a single equation of state may describe the shocked reactive fluid. 5 figures

  17. Las complicaciones macrovasculares y su relación con algunas variables clínicas y bioquímicas en diabéticos tipo 2 The macrovascular complications and its relation to some clinical and biochemical variables in type 2 diabetes patients

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Eduardo Valdés Ramos

    2010-12-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: determinar la frecuencia de macroangiopatía diabética, así como su relación con algunas variables clínicas y bioquímicas en diabéticos tipo 2 (DM 2. MÉTODOS: se realizó un estudio transversal y descriptivo con 438 pacientes DM 2 ingresados en el Centro de Atención al Diabético de Bayamo, Granma, en el período comprendido desde octubre de 2007 a diciembre de 2008. Las variables utilizadas fueron: edad, sexo, color de la piel, consumo de tabaco y alcohol, tiempo de evolución de la diabetes, peso, talla, circunferencia de la cintura, tensión arterial, niveles séricos de colesterol y triglicéridos, así como la presencia de complicaciones macrovasculares de la diabetes. Los sujetos se dividieron en 2 grupos: con macroangiopatía y sin macroangiopatía. RESULTADOS: de los 438 pacientes DM 2 estudiados, 107 (24,4 % tenían algún tipo de macroangiopatía. Predominó la insuficiencia arterial periférica en 67 casos (15,3 %, seguido de la cardiopatía isquémica con 52 (11,8 % y el ictus con 4 (0,9 %. En 16 casos se presentó más de una complicación. Resultó significativa la asociación entre la edad (p=0,0000, el tiempo de evolución de la diabetes (p=0,0000, la hipertensión arterial sistólica (p=0,0361, el colesterol (p=0,0000 y los triglicéridos (p=0,0000, con el desarrollo de macroangiopatía. Los pacientes DM 2 con síndrome metabólico presentaron 4,31 veces más probabilidades de desarrollar cardiopatía isquémica, que aquellos que no lo tenían (p=0,0388. CONCLUSIONES: la frecuencia de complicaciones cardiovasculares en los pacientes con DM 2 en nuestro medio es elevada y se asocia a la edad, el tiempo de evolución de la diabetes, la hipertensión arterial y con los altos niveles de colesterol y triglicéridos. El síndrome metabólico incrementa el riesgo de cardiopatía isquémica en los pacientes con DM 2.OBJETIVE: to determine the diabetic macroangiopathy frequency, as well as its relation to some clinical

  18. Sodium 2-mercaptoethanesulfonate monohydrate (coenzyme M sodium salt monohydrate

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Stefan Mayr

    2008-11-01

    Full Text Available The 2-thioethanesulfonate anion is the smallest known coenzyme in nature (HS–CoM and plays a key role in methanogenesis by anaerobic archaea, as well as in the oxidation of alkenes by Gram-negative and Gram-positive eubacteria. The title compound, Na+·C2H5O3S2−·H2O, is the Na+ salt of HS–CoM crystallized as the monohydrate. Six O atoms form a distorted octahedral coordination geometry around the Na atom, at distances in the range 2.312 (4–2.517 (3 Å. Two O atoms of the sulfonate group, one O atom of each of three other symmetry-related sulfonate groups plus the water O atom form the coordination environment of the Na+ ion. This arrangement forms Na–O–Na layers in the crystal structure, parallel to (100.

  19. Efficient LTE Access with Collision Resolution for Massive M2M Communications

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Madueño, Germán Corrales; Stefanovic, Cedomir; Popovski, Petar

    2014-01-01

    outage. In this work we propose a LTE RACH scheme tailored for delay-sensitive M2M services with synchronous traffic arrivals. The key idea is, upon detection of a RACH overload, to apply a collision resolution algorithm based on splitting trees. The solution is implemented on top of the existing LTE...

  20. Effect of concentration variation on 2.0 μm emission of Ho3+-doped SiO2-Al2O3-Na2CO3-SrF2-CaF2 oxyfluorosilicate glasses

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Gelija, Devarajulu; Borelli, Deva Prasad Raju

    2018-01-01

    The concentration variation of Ho 3+ ion-doped SiO 2 -Al 2 O 3 -Na 2 CO 3 -SrF 2 -CaF 2 glasses has been prepared by conventional melt quenching method. The thermal stability of 1 mol % of Ho 3+ -doped oxyfluorosilicate glass has been calculated using the differential thermal analysis (DTA) spectra. The phenomenological Judd-Ofelt intensity parameters Ω λ (λ = 2, 4 and 6) were calculated for all concentrations of Ho 3+ ions. The luminescence spectra in visible region of Ho 3+ ion-doped glasses were recorded under the excitation wavelength of 452 nm. The spectra consists of several intense emission bands ( 5 F 4 , 5 S 2 ) → 5 I 8 (547 nm), 5 F 3 → 5 I 8 (647 nm), 5 F 5 → 5 I 7 (660 nm) and ( 5 F 4 , 5 S 2 ) → 5 I 7 (750 nm) in the range 500-780 nm. The fluorescence emission at ∝ 2.0 μm ( 5 I 7 → 5 I 8 ) was observed under the excitation of 488 nm Ar-ion laser. The stimulated emission cross section for 5 I 7 → 5 I 8 transition (∝ 2.0 μm) varies from 8.46 to 9.52 x 10 -21 cm 2 , as calculated by the Fuchtbauer-Ladenburg (FL) theory. However, Mc-Cumber theory was used to calculate emission cross section values about 4.24-5.75 x 10 -21 cm 2 for the 5 I 7 → 5 I 8 transition in all concentrations of Ho 3+ -doped oxyfluorosilicate glasses. Therefore, these results reveal that the 0.5 mol % of Ho 3+ -doped oxyfluorosilicate glasses, exhibiting higher emission cross section, has potentially been used for laser applications at ∝ 2.0 μm. (orig.)

  1. M2-brane surface operators and gauge theory dualities in Toda

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Gomis, Jaume; Floch, Bruno Le

    2016-01-01

    We give a microscopic two dimensional N=(2,2) gauge theory description of arbitrary M2-branes ending on N _f M5-branes wrapping a punctured Riemann surface. These realize surface operators in four dimensional N=2 field theories. We show that the expectation value of these surface operators on the sphere is captured by a Toda CFT correlation function in the presence of an additional degenerate vertex operator labelled by a representation R of SU(N _f), which also labels M2-branes ending on M5-branes. We prove that symmetries of Toda CFT correlators provide a geometric realization of dualities between two dimensional gauge theories, including N=(2,2) analogues of Seiberg and Kutasov-Schwimmer dualities. As a bonus, we find new explicit conformal blocks, braiding matrices, and fusion rules in Toda CFT.

  2. Sestrin2 inhibits mTORC1 through modulation of GATOR complexes

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Kim, Jeong Sig; Ro, Seung-Hyun; Kim, Myungjin; Park, Hwan-Woo; Semple, Ian A.; Park, Haeli; Cho, Uhn-Soo; Wang, Wei; Guan, Kun-Liang; Karin, Michael; Lee, Jun Hee (Michigan); (UCSD)

    2015-03-30

    Sestrins are stress-inducible metabolic regulators that suppress a wide range of age- and obesity-associated pathologies, many of which are due to mTORC1 overactivation. Upon various stresses, the Sestrins inhibit mTORC1 activity through an indirect mechanism that is still unclear. GATORs are recently identified protein complexes that regulate the activity of RagB, a small GTPase essential for mTORC1 activation. GATOR1 is a GTPase activating protein (GAP) for RagB whereas GATOR2 functions as an inhibitor of GATOR1. However, how the GATORs are physiologically regulated is unknown. Here we show that Sestrin2 binds to GATOR2, and liberates GATOR1 from GATOR2-mediated inhibition. Released GATOR1 subsequently binds to and inactivates RagB, ultimately resulting in mTORC1 suppression. Consistent with this biochemical mechanism, genetic ablation of GATOR1 nullifies the mTORC1-inhibiting effect of Sestrin2 in both cell culture and Drosophila models. Collectively, we elucidate a new signaling cascade composed of Sestrin2-GATOR2-GATOR1-RagB that mediates stress-dependent suppression of mTORC1 activity.

  3. Wilson loops on three-manifolds and their M2-brane duals

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Farquet, Daniel; Sparks, James

    2014-01-01

    We compute the large N limit of Wilson loop expectation values for a broad class of N=2 supersymmetric gauge theories defined on a general class of background three-manifolds M_3, diffeomorphic to S"3. We find a simple closed formula which depends on the background geometry only through a certain supersymmetric Killing vector field. The supergravity dual of such a Wilson loop is an M2-brane wrapping the M-theory circle, together with a complex curve Σ_2 in a self-dual Einstein manifold M_4, whose conformal boundary is M_3. We show that the regularized action of this M2-brane also depends only on the supersymmetric Killing vector, precisely reproducing the large N field theory computation.

  4. Exploring the MIS M2 glaciation occurring during a warm and high atmospheric CO2 Pliocene background climate

    Science.gov (United States)

    Tan, Ning; Ramstein, Gilles; Dumas, Christophe; Contoux, Camille; Ladant, Jean-Baptiste; Sepulchre, Pierre; Zhang, Zhongshi; De Schepper, Stijn

    2017-08-01

    Prior to the Northern Hemisphere glaciation around ∼2.7 Ma, a large global glaciation corresponding to a 20 to 60 m sea-level drop occurred during Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) M2 (3.312-3.264 Ma), interrupted the period of global warmth and high CO2 concentration (350-450 ppmv) of the mid Piacenzian. Unlike the late Quaternary glaciations, the M2 glaciation only lasted 50 kyrs and occurred under uncertain CO2 concentration (220-390 ppmv). The mechanisms causing the onset and termination of the M2 glaciation remain enigmatic, but a recent geological hypothesis suggests that the re-opening and closing of the shallow Central American Seaway (CAS) might have played a key role. In this article, thanks to a series of climate simulations carried out using a fully coupled Atmosphere Ocean General Circulation Model (GCM) and a dynamic ice sheet model, we show that re-opening of the shallow CAS helps precondition the low-latitude oceanic circulation and affects the related northward energy transport, but cannot alone explain the onset of the M2 glaciation. The presence of a shallow open CAS, together with favourable orbital parameters, 220 ppmv of CO2 concentration, and the related vegetation and ice sheet feedback, led to a global ice sheet build-up producing a global sea-level drop in the lowest range of proxy-derived estimates. More importantly, our results show that the simulated closure of the CAS has a negligible impact on the NH ice sheet melt and cannot explain the MIS M2 termination.

  5. Density functional theory investigation of the geometric and electronic structures of [UO2(H2O)m(OH)n](2 - n) (n + m = 5).

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ingram, Kieran I M; Häller, L Jonas L; Kaltsoyannis, Nikolas

    2006-05-28

    Gradient corrected density functional theory has been used to calculate the geometric and electronic structures of the family of molecules [UO2(H2O)m(OH)n](2 - n) (n + m = 5). Comparisons are made with previous experimental and theoretical structural and spectroscopic data. r(U-O(yl)) is found to lengthen as water molecules are replaced by hydroxides in the equatorial plane, and the nu(sym) and nu(asym) uranyl vibrational wavenumbers decrease correspondingly. GGA functionals (BP86, PW91 and PBE) are generally found to perform better for the cationic complexes than for the anions. The inclusion of solvent effects using continuum models leads to spurious low frequency imaginary vibrational modes and overall poorer agreement with experimental data for nu(sym) and nu(asym). Analysis of the molecular orbital structure is performed in order to trace the origin of the lengthening and weakening of the U-O(yl) bond as waters are replaced by hydroxides. No evidence is found to support previous suggestions of a competition for U 6d atomic orbitals in U-O(yl) and U-O(hydroxide)pi bonding. Rather, the lengthening and weakening of U-O(yl) is attributed to reduced ionic bonding generated in part by the sigma-donating ability of the hydroxide ligands.

  6. A workplace physical activity program at a public university in Mexico can reduce medical costs associated with type 2 diabetes and hypertension Un programa de actividad física en el lugar de trabajo en una universidad pública de México puede reducir los costos médicos asociados a la diabetes tipo 2 e hipertensión

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Pablo Méndez-Hernández

    2012-02-01

    Full Text Available OBJECTIVE: To assess the impact of a workplace leisure physical activity program on healthcare expenditures for type 2 diabetes and hypertension treatment. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We assessed a workplace program's potential to reduce costs by multiplying the annual healthcare costs of patients with type 2 diabetes and hypertension by the population attributable risk fraction of non-recommended physical activity levels. Feasibility of a physical activity program was assessed among 425 employees of a public university in Mexico. RESULTS: If 400 sedentary employees engaged in a physical activity program to decrease their risk of diabetes and hypertension, the potential annual healthcare cost reduction would be 138 880 US dollars. Each dollar invested in physical activity could reduce treatment costs of both diseases by 5.3 dollars. CONCLUSIONS: This research meets the call to use health economics methods to re-appraise health priorities, and devise strategies for optimal allocation of financial resources in the health sector.OBJETIVO: Evaluar el impacto de un programa de actividad física en el lugar de trabajo sobre la reducción de costos médicos directos relacionados con la diabetes tipo 2 y la hipertensión. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Calculamos el potencial de la actividad física para reducir costos médicos, multiplicando los gastos médicos anuales que realizan diabéticos e hipertensos, multiplicados por la fracción atribuible poblacional asociada a un nivel de actividad física insuficiente. La factibilidad de ejecutar el programa fue evaluada en 425 trabajadores de una universidad pública en México. RESULTADOS: Si 400 trabajadores sedentarios participaran en un programa de actividad física recreativa para reducir su riesgo de diabetes e hipertensión, los costos médicos anuales reducirían en 138880 dólares. Cada dólar invertido en actividad física podría reducir 5.3 dólares en el tratamiento de ambas enfermedades. CONCLUSIONES: Esta

  7. Clinical significance of determination of serum and urine β2-microglobulin (β2-m) in patients with Graves' disease

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Wang Luhua; Mai Mang; Ouyang Xiaoqing; Wang Shuhua; Lin Cen; Fang Linli

    2005-01-01

    Objective: To explore the relationship between the serum, urine contents of β 2 -m and serum thyroid hormones levels in patients with Graves' disease. Methods: Serum, urine β 2 -m contents (with RIA), serum FT 3 , FT 4 levels (with CLIA), TGA, TMA positive rates (with RIA) were determined in 82 patients with Graves' disease both before and after treatment as well as in 40 controls. Results: The serum and urine β 2 -m contents as well as the serum FT 3 , FT 4 levels in the 82 hyperthyroid patients before treatment were significantly higher than those in the controls (P 2 -m, FT 3 , FT 4 levels dropped to approaching normal (vs controls, P>0.05). In the 13 treatment failures, the levels remained significantly higher than those in controls (P 2 -m contents after treatment paralleled those of FT 3 , FT 4 levels. β 2 -m could be used as a diagnostic indicator for hyperthyroidism. (authors)

  8. Absolute M1 and E2 Transition Probabilities in 2{sup 33}U

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Malmskog, S G; Hoejeberg, M

    1967-08-15

    Using the delayed coincidence technique, the following half lives have been determined for different excited states in {sup 233}U: T{sub 1/2} (311.9 keV level) = (1.20 {+-} 0.15) x 10{sup -10} sec, T{sub 1/2} (340.5 keV level) = (5.2 {+-} 1.0) x 10{sup -11} sec, T{sub 1/2} (398.6 keV level) = (5.5 {+-} 2.0) x 10{sup -11} sec and T{sub 1/2} (415.8 keV level) < 3 x 10{sup -11}sec. From these half life determinations, together with earlier known electron intensities and conversion coefficients, 22 reduced B(Ml) and B(E2) transition probabilities (including 9 limits) have been deduced. The rotational transitions give information on the parameters {delta} and (g{sub K} - g{sub R}) . The experimental M1 and E2 transition rates between members of different bands have been analysed in terms of the predictions of the Nilsson model, taking also pairing correlations and Coriolis coupling effects into account.

  9. Avaliação funcional dos pés de portadoresde diabetes tipo II

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Vinicius Saura Cardoso

    2013-12-01

    Full Text Available Objetivo: Avaliar a ocorrência de alterações funcionais e o risco de desenvolver úlceras nos pacientes diabéticos tipo II atendidos em Unidades Básicas de Saúde (UBS. Métodos: Realizou-se estudo transversal, quantitativo e descritivo com 80 portadores de diabetes mellitus (DM tipo II que apresentavam idade entre 41 e 85 anos e frequentavam as UBS do município de Parnaíba-PI. Os voluntários responderam ao questionário de identificação e ao Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument (MNSI, seguido da avaliação dos membros inferiores, sendo: reflexos aquileu e patelar; palpação dos pulsos arteriais (tibial posterior e pedioso; sensibilidade tátil (monofilamento 10g e vibratória (diapasão 128 Hz; identificação da presença de alterações como unha encravada, calosidades, dedos em garra e queda de pelos. Por fim, utilizando as informações adquiridas na avaliação, os voluntários foram classificados quanto ao risco de desenvolver feridas. Resultados: A amostra foi composta por 76 diabéticos, com média de idade de 63,8±10,4 anos, sendo 63 (82,8% do sexo feminino, com média de tempo de diagnóstico de 8,8±7,2 anos, média do índice de massa corpórea (IMC de 28,2±5,4 Kg/m2, sendo 15,7% da amostra fumantes. Os reflexos miotáticos e pulsos arteriais apresentaram-se hiporreflexos e diminuídos, respectivamente. A sensibilidade tátil foi identificada em 81,5%, e 13,1% não sentiram a vibração do diapasão. A calosidade foi a alteração mais prevalente em 76,3% (n=58. O risco 2 de desenvolver úlceras se sobressaiu, 52,6% (n=40. Conclusão: Observaram-se alterações funcionais na amostra estudada e uma classificação de risco 2 para desenvolvimento de feridas em mais de 50% dos avaliados.

  10. In Candida albicans hyphae, Sec2p is physically associated with SEC2 mRNA on secretory vesicles.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Caballero-Lima, David; Hautbergue, Guillaume M; Wilson, Stuart A; Sudbery, Peter E

    2014-11-01

    Candida albicans hyphae grow in a highly polarized fashion from their tips. This polarized growth requires the continuous delivery of secretory vesicles to the tip region. Vesicle delivery depends on Sec2p, the Guanine Exchange Factor (GEF) for the Rab GTPase Sec4p. GTP bound Sec4p is required for the transit of secretory vesicles from the trans-Golgi to sites of polarized growth. We previously showed that phosphorylation of Sec2p at residue S584 was necessary for Sec2p to support hyphal, but not yeast growth. Here we show that on secretory vesicles SEC2 mRNA is physically associated with Sec2p. Moreover, we show that the phosphorylation of S584 allows SEC2 mRNA to dissociate from Sec2p and we speculate that this is necessary for Sec2p function and/or translation. During hyphal extension, the growing tip may be separated from the nucleus by up to 15 μm. Transport of SEC2 mRNA on secretory vesicles to the tip localizes SEC2 translation to tip allowing a sufficient accumulation of this key protein at the site of polarized growth. © 2014 The Authors. Molecular Microbiology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

  11. Measurement of cosmic muon angular distribution and vertical integrated flux by 2 m × 2 m RPC stack at IICHEP-Madurai

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Pethuraj, S.; Datar, V.M.; Majumder, G.; Ravindran, K.C.; Satyanarayana, B.; Mondal, N.K.

    2017-01-01

    The 50 kton INO-ICAL is a proposed underground high energy physics experiment at Theni, India (9 o 57' N , 77 o 16' E ) to study the neutrino oscillation parameters using atmospheric neutrinos. The Resistive Plate Chamber (RPC) has been chosen as the active detector element for the ICAL detector. An experimental setup consisting of 12 layers of glass RPCs of size 2 m × 2 m has been built at IICHEP, Madurai to study the long term stability and performance of RPCs which are produced on a large scale in Indian industry. In this paper, the studies on the performance of RPCs are presented along with the angular distribution of muons at Madurai (9 o 56' N ,78 o 00' E and Altitude ≈ 160 m from sea level).

  12. Measurement of cosmic muon angular distribution and vertical integrated flux by 2 m × 2 m RPC stack at IICHEP-Madurai

    Science.gov (United States)

    Pethuraj, S.; Datar, V. M.; Majumder, G.; Mondal, N. K.; Ravindran, K. C.; Satyanarayana, B.

    2017-09-01

    The 50 kton INO-ICAL is a proposed underground high energy physics experiment at Theni, India (9o57'N, 77o16'E) to study the neutrino oscillation parameters using atmospheric neutrinos. The Resistive Plate Chamber (RPC) has been chosen as the active detector element for the ICAL detector. An experimental setup consisting of 12 layers of glass RPCs of size 2 m × 2 m has been built at IICHEP, Madurai to study the long term stability and performance of RPCs which are produced on a large scale in Indian industry. In this paper, the studies on the performance of RPCs are presented along with the angular distribution of muons at Madurai (9o56'N,78o00'E and Altitude ≈ 160 m from sea level).

  13. Exploiting the Capture Effect to Enhance RACH Performance in Cellular-Based M2M Communications

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jonghun Kim

    2017-09-01

    Full Text Available Cellular-based machine-to-machine (M2M communication is expected to facilitate services for the Internet of Things (IoT. However, because cellular networks are designed for human users, they have some limitations. Random access channel (RACH congestion caused by massive access from M2M devices is one of the biggest factors hindering cellular-based M2M services because the RACH congestion causes random access (RA throughput degradation and connection failures to the devices. In this paper, we show the possibility exploiting the capture effects, which have been known to have a positive impact on the wireless network system, on RA procedure for improving the RA performance of M2M devices. For this purpose, we analyze an RA procedure using a capture model. Through this analysis, we examine the effects of capture on RA performance and propose an Msg3 power-ramping (Msg3 PR scheme to increase the capture probability (thereby increasing the RA success probability even when severe RACH congestion problem occurs. The proposed analysis models are validated using simulations. The results show that the proposed scheme, with proper parameters, further improves the RA throughput and reduces the connection failure probability, by slightly increasing the energy consumption. Finally, we demonstrate the effects of coexistence with other RA-related schemes through simulation results.

  14. Syntheses and structural characterization of non-centrosymmetric Na{sub 2}M{sub 2}M'S{sub 6} (M, M′=Ga, In, Si, Ge, Sn, Zn, Cd) sulfides

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Yohannan, Jinu P.; Vidyasagar, Kanamaluru, E-mail: kvsagar@iitm.ac.in

    2016-06-15

    Seven new non-centrosymmetric Na{sub 2}M{sub 2}M’S{sub 6} sulfides, namely, Na{sub 2}Sn{sub 2}ZnS{sub 6}(1){sub ,} Na{sub 2}Ga{sub 2}GeS{sub 6}(2), Na{sub 2}Ga{sub 2}SnS{sub 6}(3-α), Na{sub 2}Ga{sub 2}SnS{sub 6}(3-β){sub ,} Na{sub 2}Ge{sub 2}ZnS{sub 6}(4){sub ,} Na{sub 2}Ge{sub 2}CdS{sub 6}(5){sub ,} Na{sub 2}In{sub 2}SiS{sub 6}(6) and Na{sub 2}In{sub 2}GeS{sub 6}(7), were synthesized by high temperature solid state reactions and structurally characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction. They crystallize in non-centrosymmetric Fdd2 and Cc space groups and their three-dimensional [M{sub 2}M′S{sub 6}]{sup 2-}framework structures consist of MS{sub 4} and M′S{sub 4} tetrahedra corner-connected to one another in either orderly or disordered fashion. Sodium ions reside in the tunnels of the anionic framework. Compounds 1, 2 and 3-α have the structure of known Li{sub 2}Ga{sub 2}GeS{sub 6}, whereas compounds 6 and 7 are isostructural with known Li{sub 2}In{sub 2}GeS{sub 6} compound. Isostructural compounds 4 and 5 represent a new structural variant. Compounds 3-α and its new monoclinic structural variant 3-β have disordered structural framework. All of them are wide band gap semiconductors. Na{sub 2}Ga{sub 2}GeS{sub 6}(2), Na{sub 2}Ga{sub 2}SnS{sub 6}(3), Na{sub 2}Ge{sub 2}ZnS{sub 6}(4) and Na{sub 2}In{sub 2}GeS{sub 6}(7) compounds are found to be second-harmonic generation (SHG) active. Compounds 1, 2 and 3-α melt congruently. - Graphical abstract: Na{sub 2}Ga{sub 2}GeS{sub 6}, Na{sub 2}Ga{sub 2}SnS{sub 6}, Na{sub 2}Ge{sub 2}ZnS{sub 6}, Na{sub 2}In{sub 2}GeS{sub 6}, Na{sub 2}Sn{sub 2}ZnS{sub 6}, Na{sub 2}Ge{sub 2}CdS{sub 6} and Na{sub 2}In{sub 2}SiS{sub 6} have non-centrosymmetric structures and the first four compounds are SHG active. Display Omitted - Highlights: • Seven new Na{sub 2}M{sub 2}M′S{sub 6} compounds with non-centrosymmetric structures were synthesized. • They are wide band gap semiconductors. • Na{sub 2}Ga{sub 2}GeS{sub 6}, Na{sub 2

  15. Trichoderma asperelloides Spores Downregulate dectin1/2 and TLR2 Receptors of Mice Macrophages and Decrease Candida parapsilosis Phagocytosis Independent of the M1/M2 Polarization

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Andréa G. dos Santos

    2017-09-01

    Full Text Available The intensive use of pesticides to control pests in agriculture has promoted several issues relating to environment. As chemical pesticides remain controversial, biocontrol agents originating from fungi could be an alternative. Among them, we highlight biocontrol agents derived from the fungi genus Trichoderma, which have been documented in limiting the growth of other phytopathogenic fungus in the roots and leaves of several plant species. An important member of this genus is Trichoderma asperelloides, whose biocontrol agents have been used to promote plant growth while also treating soil diseases caused by microorganisms in both greenhouses and outdoor crops. To evaluate the safety of fungal biological agents for human health, tests to detect potentially adverse effects, such as allergenicity, toxicity, infectivity and pathogenicity, are crucial. In addition, identifying possible immunomodulating properties of fungal biocontrol agents merits further investigation. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of T. asperelloides spores in the internalization of Candida parapsilosis yeast by mice phagocytes, in order to elucidate the cellular and molecular mechanism of this interaction, as a model to understand possible in vivo effects of this fungus. For this, mice were exposed to a fungal spore suspension through-intraperitoneal injection, euthanized and cells from the peripheral blood and peritoneal cavity were collected for functional, quantitative and phenotypic analysis, throughout analysis of membrane receptors gene expression, phagocytosis ability and cells immunophenotyping M1 (CCR7 and CD86 and M2 (CCR2 and CD206. Our analyses showed that phagocytes exposed to fungal spores had reduced phagocytic capacity, as well as a decrease in the quantity of neutrophils and monocytes in the peripheral blood and peritoneal cavity. Moreover, macrophages exposed to T. asperelloides spores did not display the phenotypic profile M1/M2, and

  16. Elastin-derived peptides promote abdominal aortic aneurysm formation by modulating M1/M2 macrophage polarization1

    Science.gov (United States)

    Dale, Matthew A; Xiong, Wanfen; Carson, Jeffrey S; Suh, Melissa K; Karpisek, Andrew D.; Meisinger, Trevor M.; Casale, George P.; Baxter, B. Timothy

    2016-01-01

    Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a dynamic vascular disease characterized by inflammatory cell invasion and extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation. Damage to elastin in the ECM results in release of elastin-derived peptides (EDPs), which are chemotactic for inflammatory cells such as monocytes. Their effect on macrophage polarization is less well known. Pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages initially are recruited to sites of injury but, if their effects are prolonged, they can lead to chronic inflammation that prevents normal tissue repair. Conversely, anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages reduce inflammation and aid in wound healing. Thus, a proper M1/M2 ratio is vital for tissue homeostasis. AAA tissue reveals a high M1/M2 ratio where pro-inflammatory cells and their associated markers dominate. In the present study, in vitro treatment of bone marrow-derived macrophages with EDPs induced M1 macrophage polarization. By using C57Bl/6 mice, antibody-mediated neutralization of EDPs reduced aortic dilation, matrix metalloproteinase activity, and pro-inflammatory cytokine expression at early and late time points after aneurysm induction. Furthermore, direct manipulation of the M1/M2 balance altered aortic dilation. Injection of M2 polarized macrophages reduced aortic dilation after aneurysm induction. EDPs promoted a pro-inflammatory environment in aortic tissue by inducing M1 polarization and neutralization of EDPs attenuated aortic dilation. The M1/M2 imbalance is vital to aneurysm formation. PMID:27183603

  17. Propiedades psicométricas de la Escala de Locus de Control de la Salud en Dios en una muestra de mexicanos con diabetes mellitus tipo 2

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Vianey Guadalupe Argüelles Nava

    2017-12-01

    Full Text Available En este estudio se obtuvo evidencia de validez y confiabilidad de la escala de Locus de Control de la Salud en Dios (GLHC en una muestra de 539 adultos mexicanos con diabetes mellitus tipo 2. El análisis de validez se basó en el análisis del contenido de los ítems y de la estructura interna del GLHC. El primer procedimiento estuvo a cargo de seis expertos, quienes evaluaron la pertinencia de la adaptación de los ítems. El segundo procedimiento fue un análisis factorial confirmatorio de grupo múltiple, de acuerdo al sexo y edad, a fin de evaluar la invarianza de medición del GLHC. Finalmente, la confiabilidad fue calculada mediante los coeficientes ω y H. El análisis factorial confirmatorio demostró una estructura de un solo factor con seis ítems, interpretable para la población de estudio con invarianza de medición por sexo, aunque deben tomarse precauciones al interpretar comparaciones por grupos de edad. La confiabilidad del constructo obtuvo magnitudes elevadas (>.90. Los resultados indican que la GLHC puede brindar información válida y confiable para valorar el locus de control de la salud en Dios para mexicanos con diabetes mellitus tipo 2.

  18. Comparison of the photoluminescence properties of Eu2+, Mn2+ co-doped M5(PO4)3Cl (M = Ca, Sr, Ba)

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Yang, Fengli; An, Wei; Wei, Heng-Wei; Chen, Guantong; Zhuang, Weidong; Jing, Xi-Ping

    2014-01-01

    Highlights: • Good size match between the doped and host cations narrows the emission band. • Low phonon energy of the hosts enhances the luminescence intensity. • “Inverse bottleneck effect” related to Eu/Mn lifetime mismatch causes quenching. • “Charge transfer process” in the Eu–Mn clusters causes quenching. -- Abstract: Eu 2+ and Mn 2+ singly doped or co-doped M 5 (PO 4 ) 3 Cl (M = Ca, Sr and Ba) phosphors were synthesized by conventional solid state reactions and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), photoluminescence (PL) spectra, PL decay curves, energy dispersive spectra (EDS) and Raman spectra. The results show that a better size match between the doped cation and the host cation allows a wider solid solution range (e.g. Ca 2+ /Mn 2+ ) and a narrower emission band (e.g. Sr 2+ /Eu 2+ and Ca 2+ /Mn 2+ ). A lower phonon energy of the host (e.g. the Sr phase) reduces the non-radiation probability and enhances the PL efficiency. The PL performance of the Ba phase is exceptional possibly because of the large size difference between the doped cations and the host cations. The transfer efficiency (η) and the emission quantum efficiency (Q) were analyzed. In the studied phosphors, superficially Eu 2+ efficiently transferred its absorbed energy to Mn 2+ but the Q of the Mn 2+ emission was not as high as expected. Two loss mechanisms are proposed: an “inverse bottleneck effect” and “charge transfer” between Eu 2+ and Mn 2+

  19. Design and analysis of 2T-2M Ternary content addressable memories

    KAUST Repository

    Bahloul, M. A.; Fouda, M. E.; Naous, Rawan; Zidan, Mohammed A.; Eltawil, A. M.; Kurdahi, F.; Salama, Khaled N.

    2017-01-01

    Associate and approximate computing using resistive memory based Ternary Content Addressable Memory is becoming widely used. In this paper, a simplified model based analysis of a 2T2M-Ternary Content Addressable Memory using memristors is introduced. A comprehensive study is presented taking into consideration different circuit parameters and parasitic effects. Parameters such as the memristor Rh/Rl ratio, transistor technology, operating frequency, and memory width are taken into consideration. The proposed model is verified with SPICE showing a high degree of matching between theory and simulation. The utility of the model is established using a design example.

  20. Design and analysis of 2T-2M Ternary content addressable memories

    KAUST Repository

    Bahloul, M. A.

    2017-10-24

    Associate and approximate computing using resistive memory based Ternary Content Addressable Memory is becoming widely used. In this paper, a simplified model based analysis of a 2T2M-Ternary Content Addressable Memory using memristors is introduced. A comprehensive study is presented taking into consideration different circuit parameters and parasitic effects. Parameters such as the memristor Rh/Rl ratio, transistor technology, operating frequency, and memory width are taken into consideration. The proposed model is verified with SPICE showing a high degree of matching between theory and simulation. The utility of the model is established using a design example.

  1. Multi-channel bolometer system on JFT-2M tokamak

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Tamai, Hiroshi; Maeno, Masaki; Matsuda, Toshiaki; Matoba, Tohru

    1988-07-01

    Multi-channel bolometer system is designed and installed to observe the radiation profile on JFT-2M tokamak. Sensor head is made of Thinistor, which is a kind of semiconductor, because it has the advantage of higher sensitivity of about one order of magnitude than the conventional metal foil bolometer and is suitable for the profile measurement in which the signal from the plasma is relatively small. The response and cooling characteristics of the bolometer sensor are suitable for the condition of JFT-2M tokamak plasma. Low noise circuit of bridge and differentiator is developed to optimize the signal to noise ratio in the JFT-2M operating condition. With use of the bolometer system, the radiation profile in joule heating plasma as well as additional heating plasma especially in H-mode plasma is successfully observed. (author)

  2. Estudo espectral em raios-X duros de fontes do tipo Z com o HEXTE/RXTE

    Science.gov (United States)

    D'Amico, F.; Heindl, W. A.; Rothschild, R. E.

    2003-08-01

    Apresentam-se os resultados de um estudo espectral em raios-X de fontes do tipo Z. As fontes do tipo Z são binárias de raios-X de baixa massa (BXBM) com campo magnético intermediário (B~109G). Esta classe de fontes é composta por apenas 6 fontes Galácticas (a saber: ScoX-1, 9, 7, CygX-2, 5 e 0). A nossa análise se concentra na faixa de raios-X duros (E ~ 20keV), até cerca de 200keV, faixa ótima de operação do telescópio "High Energy X-ray Timing Experiment" (HEXTE), um dos três telescópios de raios-X à bordo do Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer (RXTE). Nossa motivação para tal estudo, uma busca de caudas em raios-X duros em fontes do tipo Z, foi o pouco conhecimento sobre a emissão nesta faixa de energia das referidas fontes quando comparadas, por exemplo, as fontes do tipo atoll (também BXBM). Apresentam-se a análise/redução de dados e explicita-se a maneira como o HEXTE mede o ru1do de fundo. Especial atenção é direcionada a este item devido a localização das fontes do tipo Z e também ao problema de contaminação por fontes próximas. Com exceção de ScoX-1, nenhuma cauda em raios-X duros foi encontrada para as outras fontes, a despeito de resultados de detecção dessas caudas em algumas fontes pelo satélite BeppoSAX. As interpretações deste resultado serão apresentadas. Do ponto de vista deste estudo, nós deduzimos que a produção de caudas de raios-X duros em fontes do tipo Z é um processo disparado quando, pelo menos, uma condição é satisfeita: o brilho da componente térmica do espectro precisa estar acima de um certo valor limiar de ~4´1036ergs-1.

  3. OMS, OM(η2-SO), and OM(η2-SO)(η2-SO2) molecules (M = Ti, Zr, Hf): infrared spectra and density functional calculations.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Liu, Xing; Wang, Xuefeng; Wang, Qiang; Andrews, Lester

    2012-07-02

    Infrared spectra of the matrix isolated OMS, OM(η(2)-SO), and OM(η(2)-SO)(η(2)-SO(2)) (M = Ti, Zr, Hf) molecules were observed following laser-ablated metal atom reactions with SO(2) during condensation in solid argon and neon. The assignments for the major vibrational modes were confirmed by appropriate S(18)O(2) and (34)SO(2) isotopic shifts, and density functional vibrational frequency calculations (B3LYP and BPW91). Bonding in the initial OM(η(2)-SO) reaction products and in the OM(η(2)-SO)(η(2)-SO(2)) adduct molecules with unusual chiral structures is discussed.

  4. Estimulación de diferentes tipos de inteligencias a través de los videojuegos

    OpenAIRE

    Aliciardi, Agustina; De Cunto, Guillermo; Marcucci, Ricardo Martín

    2016-01-01

    Existen diferentes tipos de inteligencia (lógico-matemática, verbal-lingüística, corporal-cinestésica, musical, naturalista, visual-espacial, interpersonal, intrapersonal). Conocer las habilidades y capacidades típicas de cada tipo de inteligencia permite saber que tipo de actividades realizar para estimularlas y lograr generar un desarrollo más equilibrado, que le permita a las personas maximizar su potencial aprovechando sus fortalezas. Debido a esto, se investigaron diferentes tipos de jue...

  5. Prevalencia de enfermedad cardiovascular en personas recién diagnosticadas de diabetes mellitus tipo 2 Cardiovascular disease prevalence in recent diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Manuel Mata-Cases

    2009-04-01

    Full Text Available Objetivo: Conocer la prevalencia de la enfermedad cardiovascular en el momento del diagnóstico de la diabetes mellitus tipo 2. Métodos: Estudio observacional retrospectivo realizado en un centro de atención primaria urbano entre 1991 y 2000. Revisión de las características clínicas, factores de riesgo y enfermedad cardiovascular el año del diagnóstico de diabetes. Se excluyeron los pacientes sin glucemias previas al diagnóstico. Se realizó un análisis de regresión logística para identificar las variables asociadas a la presencia de eventos cardiovasculares. Resultados: De los 598 nuevos casos de diabetes diagnosticados se analizaron los 487 que tenían valores previos de glucemia (media de edad [desviación estándar]: 60,4 [10,9] años; un 53% eran mujeres. La prevalencia de factores de riesgo cardiovascular fue: obesidad 61,1%, hipertensión arterial 71,9%, hipercolesterolemia 52%, hipertrigliceridemia 35,3% y tabaquismo actual 24% o previo 16,6%. El 96,9% tenía algún factor de riesgo cardiovascular y el 53,4% tres o más. Un total de 78 pacientes presentaron enfermedad cardiovascular anterior o detectada durante el primer año de diagnóstico (16%; intervalo de confianza del 95%[IC95%]: 12,8-19,3; varones 21,4% y mujeres 11,2%. La prevalencia de enfermedad cardiovascular aumentó con el número de factores de riesgo cardiovascular. El análisis de regresión logística mostró una asociación de la enfermedad cardiovascular y la edad >55 años (odds ratio [OR]=2,91; IC95%: 1,46-5,80, el tabaquismo (OR=2,28; IC95%: 1,15-4,51 y los valores de hemoglobina glucosilada (HbA1c >7% (OR=1,85; IC95%: 1,10-3,1. Conclusiones: Se observa una elevada prevalencia de factores de riesgo y enfermedad cardiovascular en el momento del diagnóstico de la diabetes; la edad, el tabaquismo y la HbA1c son las variables relacionadas con la enfermedad cardiovascular.Objective: To determine the prevalence of cardiovascular disease at diagnosis of type 2

  6. SLiM 2: Flexible, Interactive Forward Genetic Simulations.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Haller, Benjamin C; Messer, Philipp W

    2017-01-01

    Modern population genomic datasets hold immense promise for revealing the evolutionary processes operating in natural populations, but a crucial prerequisite for this goal is the ability to model realistic evolutionary scenarios and predict their expected patterns in genomic data. To that end, we present SLiM 2: an evolutionary simulation framework that combines a powerful, fast engine for forward population genetic simulations with the capability of modeling a wide variety of complex evolutionary scenarios. SLiM achieves this flexibility through scriptability, which provides control over most aspects of the simulated evolutionary scenarios with a simple R-like scripting language called Eidos. An example SLiM simulation is presented to illustrate the power of this approach. SLiM 2 also includes a graphical user interface for simulation construction, interactive runtime control, and dynamic visualization of simulation output, facilitating easy and fast model development with quick prototyping and visual debugging. We conclude with a performance comparison between SLiM and two other popular forward genetic simulation packages. © The Author 2016. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.

  7. Continuously tunable cw lasing near 2.75 μm in diode-pumped Er3+ : SrF2 and Er3+ : CaF2 crystals

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Basiev, Tasoltan T; Orlovskii, Yu V; Polyachenkova, M V; Fedorov, Pavel P; Kuznetsov, S V; Konyushkin, V A; Osiko, Vyacheslav V; Alimov, Olimkhon K; Dergachev, Alexey Yu

    2006-01-01

    CW lasing is obtained in Er 3+ (5%) : CaF 2 and Er 3+ (5%) : SrF 2 crystals near 2.75 μm with 0.4 and 2 W of output powers, respectively, upon transverse diode laser pumping into the upper 4 I 11/2 laser level of erbium ions at 980 nm. Continuous tuning of the laser wavelength between 2720 and 2760 nm is realised in the Er 3+ : SrF 2 crystal. (special issue devoted to the 90th anniversary of a.m. prokhorov)

  8. Type 2 diabetes mellitus in children and adolescents: clinicoepidemiological, pathogenic and therapeutic aspects

    OpenAIRE

    Licea Puig, Manuel Emiliano; Bustamante Teijido, Mirelkis; Lemane Pérez, Maritza

    2008-01-01

    OBJETIVO: debido al incremento sostenido en la incidencia de la diabetes mellitus tipo 2 en personas < 20 años, nos proponemos revisar aspectos clínico-epidemiológicos, patogénicos y terapéuticos de la diabetes mellitus tipo 2 en niños y adolescentes. DESARROLLO: en la infancia, se estima que la diabetes mellitus tipo 2 representa del 2-3 % de todos los casos. Sin embargo, en los últimos años ha mostrado un incremento de 10 veces. Su prevalencia es mayor en afroamericanos, hispanos y nativos ...

  9. Resveratrol regulates microglia M1/M2 polarization via PGC-1α in conditions of neuroinflammatory injury.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Yang, Xiaodong; Xu, Shaoqing; Qian, Yiwei; Xiao, Qin

    2017-08-01

    Microglia are the primary cells that exert immune function in the central nervous system (CNS), and accumulating evidence suggests that microglia act as key players in the initiation of neurodegenerative diseases. It is now well recognized that microglia have functional plasticity and dual phenotypes, proinflammatory M1 and anti-inflammatory M2 phenotypes. Inhibiting the M1 phenotype while stimulating the M2 phenotype has been suggested as a potential therapeutic approach for the treatment of neuroinflammation-related diseases. Resveratrol has been demonstrated to exert anti-inflammatory effects by suppressing M1 microglia activation. However, the role of resveratrol in regulating microglia polarization and the molecular mechanisms involved have not been fully clarified. In this study, we tested whether resveratrol could suppress microglia activation by promoting microglia polarization toward the M2 phenotype via PGC-1α by measuring M1 and M2 markers in vitro and in vivo. Our study demonstrated that resveratrol reduced inflammatory damage and promoted microglia polarization to the M2 phenotype in LPS-induced neuroinflammation. In addition, resveratrol ameliorated LPS-induced sickness behavior in mice. The promoting effects of resveratrol on M2 polarization were attenuated by knocking down PGC-1α. PGC-1α not only suppressed LPS-evoked M1 marker expression by inhibition of NF-κB activity but also increased M2 marker expression by coactivation of the STAT6 and STAT3 pathways. We propose that overexpression PGC-1α by resveratrol could be a potential therapeutic approach to suppress neuroinflammation by regulating microglia polarization. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  10. State-of-the-art Model M-2 Maintenance System

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Herndon, J.N.; Martin, H.L.; Satterlee, P.E. Jr.; Jelatis, D.G.; Jennrich, C.E.

    1984-04-01

    The Model M-2 Maintenance System is part of an ongoing program within the Consolidated Fuel Reprocessing Program (CFRP) at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) to improve remote manipulation technology for future nuclear fuel reprocessing and other remote applications. Techniques, equipment, and guidelines which can improve the efficiency of remote maintenance are being developed. The Model M-2 Maintenance System, installed in the Integrated Equipment Test (IET) Facility at ORNL, provides a complete, integrated remote maintenance system for the demonstration and development of remote maintenance techniques. The system comprises a pair of force-reflecting servomanipulator arms, television viewing, lighting, and auxiliary lifting capabilities, thereby allowing manlike maintenance operations to be executed remotely within the remote cell mockup area in the IET. The Model M-2 Maintenance System incorporates an upgraded version of the proven Central Research Laboratories' Model M servomanipulator. Included are state-of-the-art brushless dc servomotors for improved performance, remotely removable wrist assemblies, geared azimuth drive, and a distributed microprocessor-based digital control system. 5 references, 8 figures

  11. Comment on "Hydride, gold(i) and related derivatives of the unsaturated ditungsten anion [W2Cp2(μ-PCy2)(μ-CO)2]-" by M. A. Ruiz et al., Dalton Trans., 2014, 43, 16044.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Green, Malcolm L H

    2018-04-25

    Application of the covalent bond classification to the compounds [M2(η5-C5H5)2(μ-H)(μ-PCy2)(CO)2] (M = Mo, W) identifies the compounds as having two M-M bonds and a 2 electron 3 centre (2e-3c) bond incorporating the bridging hydrogen, in accord with density functional calculations, and assigns their class as ML4X4.

  12. First detection of canine parvovirus type 2c in Brazil.

    OpenAIRE

    Streck, André Felipe; Souza, Carine Kunzler; Gonçalves, K. R.; Zang, Luciana; Pinto, Luciane Dubina; Canal, Cláudio Wageck

    2009-01-01

    The presence of canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2), 2a and 2b has been described in Brazil, however, the type 2c had not been reported until now. In the current study, seven out of nine samples from dogs with diarrhea were characterized as CPV-2c, indicating that this virus is already circulating in the Brazilian canine population.No Brasil, a presença do parvovírus canino do tipo 2 (CPV-2), 2a e 2b já havia sido descrita, contudo, ainda não havia sido verificada a presença do tipo 2c. No prese...

  13. Adoptive transfer of M2 macrophages reduces neuropathic pain via opioid peptides.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Pannell, Maria; Labuz, Dominika; Celik, Melih Ö; Keye, Jacqueline; Batra, Arvind; Siegmund, Britta; Machelska, Halina

    2016-10-07

    During the inflammation which occurs following nerve damage, macrophages are recruited to the site of injury. Phenotypic diversity is a hallmark of the macrophage lineage and includes pro-inflammatory M1 and anti-inflammatory M2 populations. Our aim in this study was to investigate the ability of polarized M0, M1, and M2 macrophages to secrete opioid peptides and to examine their relative contribution to the modulation of neuropathic pain. Mouse bone marrow-derived cells were cultured as unstimulated M0 macrophages or were stimulated into an M1 phenotype using lipopolysaccharide and interferon-γ or into an M2 phenotype using interleukin-4. The macrophage phenotypes were verified using flow cytometry for surface marker analysis and cytokine bead array for cytokine profile assessment. Opioid peptide levels were measured by radioimmunoassay and enzyme immunoassay. As a model of neuropathic pain, a chronic constriction injury (CCI) of the sciatic nerve was employed. Polarized M0, M1, and M2 macrophages (5 × 10 5 cells) were injected perineurally twice, on days 14 and 15 following CCI or sham surgery. Mechanical and heat sensitivity were measured using the von Frey and Hargreaves tests, respectively. To track the injected macrophages, we also transferred fluorescently stained polarized cells and analyzed the surface marker profile of endogenous and injected cells in the nerves ex vivo. Compared to M0 and M1 cells, M2 macrophages contained and released higher amounts of opioid peptides, including Met-enkephalin, dynorphin A (1-17), and β-endorphin. M2 cells transferred perineurally at the nerve injury site reduced mechanical, but not heat hypersensitivity following the second injection. The analgesic effect was reversed by the perineurally applied opioid receptor antagonist naloxone methiodide. M2 cells did not affect sensitivity following sham surgery. Neither M0 nor M1 cells altered mechanical and heat sensitivity in CCI or sham-operated animals. Tracing the

  14. ECR heating in L-2M stellarator

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Grebenshchikov, S.E.; Batanov, G.M.; Fedyanin, O.I.

    1995-01-01

    The first results of ECH experiments in the L-2M stellarator are presented. The main goal of the experiments is to investigate the physics of ECH and plasma confinement at very high values of the volume heating power density. A current free plasma is produced and heated by extraordinary waves at the second harmonic of the electron cyclotron frequency. The experimental results are compared with the numerical simulations of plasma confinement and heating processes based on neoclassical theory using the full matrix of transport coefficients and with LHD-scaling. 4 refs., 2 figs

  15. ERK1/2 signaling plays an important role in topoisomerase II poison-induced G2/M checkpoint activation.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kolb, Ryan H; Greer, Patrick M; Cao, Phu T; Cowan, Kenneth H; Yan, Ying

    2012-01-01

    Topo II poisons, which target topoisomerase II (topo II) to generate enzyme mediated DNA damage, have been commonly used for anti-cancer treatment. While clinical evidence demonstrate a capability of topo II poisons in inducing apoptosis in cancer cells, accumulating evidence also show that topo II poison treatment frequently results in cell cycle arrest in cancer cells, which was associated with subsequent resistance to these treatments. Results in this report indicate that treatment of MCF-7 and T47D breast cancer cells with topo II poisons resulted in an increased phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) and an subsequent induction of G2/M cell cycle arrest. Furthermore, inhibition of ERK1/2 activation using specific inhibitors markedly attenuated the topo II poison-induced G2/M arrest and diminished the topo II poison-induced activation of ATR and Chk1 kinases. Moreover, decreased expression of ATR by specific shRNA diminished topo II poison-induced G2/M arrest but had no effect on topo II poison-induced ERK1/2 activation. In contrast, inhibition of ERK1/2 signaling had little, if any, effect on topo II poison-induced ATM activation. In addition, ATM inhibition by either incubation of cells with ATM specific inhibitor or transfection of cells with ATM specific siRNA did not block topo II poison-induced G2/M arrest. Ultimately, inhibition of ERK1/2 signaling greatly enhanced topo II poison-induced apoptosis. These results implicate a critical role for ERK1/2 signaling in the activation of G2/M checkpoint response following topo II poison treatment, which protects cells from topo II poison-induced apoptosis.

  16. Measurement of cosmic muon angular distribution and vertical integrated flux by 2 m × 2 m RPC stack at IICHEP-Madurai

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Pethuraj, S. [Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai-400094, Maharashtra (India); Datar, V.M.; Majumder, G.; Ravindran, K.C.; Satyanarayana, B. [Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai-400005, Maharashtra (India); Mondal, N.K., E-mail: s.pethuraj@tifr.res.in, E-mail: vivek.datar@tifr.res.in, E-mail: gobinda@tifr.res.in, E-mail: nabak.mondal@gmail.com, E-mail: kcravi@tifr.res.in, E-mail: bsn@tifr.res.in [Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Kolkata-700064, West Bengal (India)

    2017-09-01

    The 50 kton INO-ICAL is a proposed underground high energy physics experiment at Theni, India (9{sup o}57' N , 77{sup o}16' E ) to study the neutrino oscillation parameters using atmospheric neutrinos. The Resistive Plate Chamber (RPC) has been chosen as the active detector element for the ICAL detector. An experimental setup consisting of 12 layers of glass RPCs of size 2 m × 2 m has been built at IICHEP, Madurai to study the long term stability and performance of RPCs which are produced on a large scale in Indian industry. In this paper, the studies on the performance of RPCs are presented along with the angular distribution of muons at Madurai (9{sup o}56' N ,78{sup o}00' E and Altitude ≈ 160 m from sea level).

  17. Space-Based CO2 Active Optical Remote Sensing using 2m Triple-Pulse IPDA Lidar

    Science.gov (United States)

    Singh, Upendra; Refaat, Tamer; Ismail, Syed; Petros, Mulugeta

    2017-04-01

    Sustained high-quality column CO2 measurements from space are required to improve estimates of regional and global scale sources and sinks to attribute them to specific biogeochemical processes for improving models of carbon-climate interactions and to reduce uncertainties in projecting future change. Several studies show that space-borne CO2 measurements offer many advantages particularly over high altitudes, tropics and southern oceans. Current satellite-based sensing provides rapid CO2 monitoring with global-scale coverage and high spatial resolution. However, these sensors are based on passive remote sensing, which involves limitations such as full seasonal and high latitude coverage, poor sensitivity to the lower atmosphere, retrieval complexities and radiation path length uncertainties. CO2 active optical remote sensing is an alternative technique that has the potential to overcome these limitations. The need for space-based CO2 active optical remote sensing using the Integrated Path Differential Absorption (IPDA) lidar has been advocated by the Advanced Space Carbon and Climate Observation of Planet Earth (A-Scope) and Active Sensing of CO2 Emission over Nights, Days, and Seasons (ASCENDS) studies in Europe and the USA. Space-based IPDA systems can provide sustained, high precision and low-bias column CO2 in presence of thin clouds and aerosols while covering critical regions such as high latitude ecosystems, tropical ecosystems, southern ocean, managed ecosystems, urban and industrial systems and coastal systems. At NASA Langley Research Center, technology developments are in progress to provide high pulse energy 2m IPDA that enables optimum, lower troposphere weighted column CO2 measurements from space. This system provides simultaneous ranging; information on aerosol and cloud distributions; measurements over region of broken clouds; and reduces influences of surface complexities. Through the continual support from NASA Earth Science Technology Office

  18. Thermodynamic properties of CuCr/sub 2/S/sub 4/ solid solutions in Cusub(1/2)Msub(1/2) Crsub(2)Ssub(4) (M - Ga, In)

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Titov, V.V.; Kesler, Ya.A.; Shelkotunov, V.A.; Gordeev, I.V.; Tret' yakov, Yu.D.

    1985-04-01

    By means of an adiabatic calorimeter and quartz dilatometer for CuCr/sub 2/S/sub 4/ in Cusub(1/2)Msub(1/2) Crsub(2)Ssub(4) (M-Ga, In) temperature dependences of heat capacity are determined. The contribution of various components into heat capacity is estimated, thermodynamic parameters of magnetic transformation are calculated.

  19. Aspectos más recientes en relación con la diabetes mellitus tipo MODY Most recent aspects about type MODY diabetes mellitus

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ana Ibis Conesa González

    2012-08-01

    Full Text Available Antecedentes: la mejor comprensión fisiopatológica de la diabetes mellitus permite identificar diferentes tipos, entre ellos una variante monogénica denominada por sus siglas en inglés MODY (Maturity-Onset Diabetes of the Young. Objetivos: describir los aspectos fisiopatológicos, clínicos, diagnósticos y terapéuticos de los diferentes subtipos MODY. Desarrollo: los pacientes con diabetes tipo MODY presentan un comportamiento similar a la diabetes mellitus del adulto. Se caracteriza por una alteración genética autosómica dominante inherente y primaria a un defecto en la secreción de insulina. Hasta el momento actual se aceptan 9 subtipos de MODY. Los subtipos 1, 3, 4, 5 y 6 afectan a genes que codifican a factores nucleares de trascripción, y el subtipo 2 al gen que codifica a la enzima glucoquinasa. Se caracterizan clínicamente por cuadros que oscilan entre hiperglucemias permanentes, leves o moderadas, con buen pronóstico clínico, y pocas complicaciones, hasta cuadros de hiperglucemias mantenidas acompañadas de complicaciones crónicas precoces y graves. Conclusiones: las personas que padecen diabetes tipo MODY no son tan infrecuentes como se piensa. La correcta y temprana identificación de la enfermedad permitirá una acción terapéutica más racional y adecuada para brindar la posibilidad de mejor calidad de vida de estas personas.Background: a better physiopathological understanding of diabetes mellitus allows identifying its different types such as a monogenic variant called MODY (maturity-onset diabetes of the young. Objectives: to describe the physiopathological, clinical, diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of the different subtypes in MODY diabetes. Development: the patients with MODY diabetes behave similarly to those suffering diabetes mellitus in adults. It is characterized by inherited dominant autosomal genetic alteration which is primary to a defect in insulin secretion. Up to the present, 9 subtypes are accepted

  20. Isopiestic investigation of the osmotic coefficients of MgBr{sub 2}(aq) and study of bromide salts solubility in the (m{sub 1}KBr + m{sub 2}MgBr{sub 2})(aq) system at T = 323.15 K. Thermodynamic model of solution behaviour and (solid + liquid) equilibria in the MgBr{sub 2}(aq), and (m{sub 1}KBr + m{sub 2}MgBr{sub 2})(aq) systems to high concentration and temperature

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Christov, Christomir, E-mail: christov@svr.igic.bas.b [Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, ul. ' Acad. G. Bonchev' , bl. 11, 1113 Sofia (Bulgaria)

    2011-03-15

    The isopiestic method has been used to determine the osmotic coefficients of the binary solutions MgBr{sub 2}(aq) (from 0.4950 to 2.5197 mol {center_dot} kg{sup -1}) at the temperature T = 323.15 K. Sodium chloride solutions have been used as isopiestic reference standards. The solubility of the bromide minerals in the mixed system (m{sub 1}KBr + m{sub 2}MgBr{sub 2})(aq) has been investigated at T = 323.15 K by the physico-chemical analysis method. In addition to simple salts {l_brace}KBr(cr) and MgBr{sub 2} . 6H{sub 2}O(cr){r_brace}, equilibrium crystallization of the highly incongruent double salt with stoichiometric composition 1:1:6 {l_brace}bromcarnallite: KBr . MgBr{sub 2} . 6H{sub 2}O(cr){r_brace} was also established. The results obtained from the isopiestic and solubility measurements have been combined with all other experimental thermodynamic quantities available in the literature (osmotic coefficients, and solubility of the bromide mineral) to construct a chemical model that calculates solute and solvent activities and (solid + liquid) equilibria in the MgBr{sub 2}(aq) binary, and (m{sub 1}KBr + m{sub 2}MgBr{sub 2})(aq) mixed systems from dilute to high solution concentration within the (273.15 to 438.15) K temperature range. The solubility modelling approach based on fundamental Pitzer specific interaction equations is employed. It was found, that the standard for 2-1 type of electrolytes approach with three ({beta}{sup (0)}, {beta}{sup (1)}, and C{sup {phi}}) single electrolyte ion interaction parameters gives excellent agreement with osmotic coefficients from T = (298.15 to 373.45) K; up to saturation at 298.15 K, and up to m(MgBr{sub 2}) = 5.83 mol {center_dot} kg{sup -1} at 373.45 K, and with MgBr{sub 2} {center_dot} 6H{sub 2}O(cr) equilibrium pure water solubility data within the (273.15 to 438.15) K temperature range and up to {approx}8.5 mol {center_dot} kg{sup -1} used in parameterization. The model for the ternary system gives very good