Arbeitsgemeinschaft fuer die Reinhaltung der Elbe - selected organic trace pollutants in the Elbe and its tributaries 1994-1999; Arbeitsgemeinschaft fuer die Reinhaltung der Elbe - Ausgewaehlte organische Spurenverunreinigungen in der Elbe und Elbenebenfluessen im Zeitraum 1994 - 1999

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Fooken, C.; Stachel, B.; Reincke, H. [Wasserguetestelle Elbe, Hamburg (Germany)

2000-10-01

The present report contains results on the occurrence of polar and nonpolar substances in the Elbe and selected tributaries which were analysed in the period from 1994 to 1999. It shows that industrial and municipal purification plants still have an insufficient cleaning capacity for certain substances. The process by which ubiquitous pollutants can enter the Elbe via a small, widely ramified fluvial system is exemplified for the family of chloroalkyl phosphates. These mainly occur in flame retardants and plasticisers in polyurethanes. The paper also presents results from a selection of 28 substances listed in Directive 76/464/ECC. They provide a decision aid for the planning of future measuring concepts based on the EU Water Framework Directive. In the ARGE ELBE programme organic pollutants are recorded and published on a routine basis. These are mostly nonpolar substances such as the well-known polychlorinated biphenyls or slow-evaporating insecticidal chlorinated hydrocarbons such as DTT. Recent analysis results show that this group of substances is relevant now as before and that it will remain so for the years to come. Special studies involving aqueous phase measurements were performed on a different group of substances, namely polar substances, which are generally readily soluble. The substances on which this report is chiefly focused originate from different sources: industrial and municipal effluents, diffuse inputs from agriculture and atmospheric depositions. In many cases they are difficultly degradable and could attain significance where river water in the form of river bank filtrate is used for drinking water production. However, due to complex and effective purification technologies they rarely enter drinking water. [German] Der vorliegende Bericht enthaelt Ergebnisse zum Vorkommen polarer und unpolarer Stoffe in der Elbe und in ausgewaehlten Nebenfluessen, die in dem Zeitraum von 1994 bis 1999 analysiert worden sind. Er zeigt, dass fuer einzelne

Agricultural ecosystem modelling. The basis for assessing the impact of possible land-use and climate changes. Final report; Agrooekosystemmodellierung. Grundlage fuer die Abschaetzung von Auswirkungen moeglicher Landnutzungs- und Klimaaenderungen. Abschlussbericht

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Wenkel, K.O. [ed.; Mirschel, W. [ed.

1995-12-31

This report presents the results of the BMBF-sponsored project Fundamentals and models for assessing the effect of climate changes on soil, plant development and the crops of an economically significant range of farm products. Its aim was to study, by means of the results obtained for winter wheat, the dependence of plant growth on temperature, radiation and water as well as nutrient supply for other economically important crop types. Building on this, process-oriented, climate-sensitive agricultural ecosystem models for winter rye, winter barley, sugar-beet and winter intercrops were developed, verified and, in some sites, validated. First scenario calculations served to demonstrate the climate sensitivity of these models. (orig./KW) [Deutsch] Im vorliegenden Bericht werden die Ergebnisse des BMBF - Vorhabens `Grundlagen und Modelle zur Abschaetzung von Klimaaenderungen auf den Boden, die Pflanzenentwicklung sowie den verwertbaren Ernteertrag einer wirtschaftlich bedeutenden Marktfruchtfolge` vorgestellt. Ziel des Vorhabens war es, auf der Grundlage der Erkenntnisse zur Fruchtart Winterweizen die Abhaengigkeit des Pflanzenwachstums von Temperatur, Strahlung sowie Wasser- und Naehrstoffversorgung fuer weitere wirtschaftlich bedeutende landwirtschaftliche Fruchtarten zu untersuchen und auf diesen Ergebnissen aufbauend prozessorientierte klimasensitive Agrooekosystemmodelle fuer Winterroggen, Wintergerste, Zuckerrueben und Winterzwischenfruechte zu entwickeln, zu verifizieren und an einigen Standorten zu validieren. Mit Hilfe von ersten Szenariorechnungen war die Klimasensibilitaet dieser Modelle nachzuweisen. (orig./KW)

Threshold limit values, test values and sanitation values for soil sanitation; Richt-, Pruef- und Sanierungswerte fuer den Bodenschutz

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Karlaganis, G.; Dettwiler, J. [Bundesamt fuer Umwelt, Wald und Landschaft (BUWAL), Bern (Switzerland). Abt. Stoffe, Boden, Biotechnologie

1998-09-01

Soils, the basis for human, plant and animal life, are exposed to quantitative and qualitative deterioration. Quantitative deterioration refers to paving of ground but also to erosion and soil destruction. There are new regulations for physical protection of soil which refer to soil erosion, compacting and handling of soil during building construction. (orig.) [Deutsch] Boden als natuerliche Lebensgrundlage fuer Mensch, Tiere und Pflanzen ist quantitativen und qualitativen Beeintraechtigungen ausgesetzt. Als quantitative Beeintraechtigung gilt jede Art von Verminderungen der Boeden durch Bauten und Anlagen, aber auch durch Erosion oder Bodenschwund. Erlassen worden sind nun neue Bestimmungen fuer drei Bereiche des physikalischen Bodenschutzes, naemlich fuer die Bodenerosion, die Bodenverdichtung und fuer den Umgang mit dem Boden vor allem beim Bauen. Die Verordnung vom 1. Juli 1998 ueber Belastungen des Bodens (VBBo`98) erhaelt neu drei Arten von Beurteilungs- bzw. Massnahmewerten, naemlich Richtwerte, Sanierungswerte und Pruefwerte. (orig./ABI)

Arbeitsgemeinschaft fuer die Reinhaltung der Elbe - endocrineously active substances in the Elbe, its tributaries and the North Sea; Arbeitsgemeinschaft fuer die Reinhaltung der Elbe - Endokrin wirksame Stoffe in der Elbe, in Nebenfluessen und in der Nordsee

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Heemken, O.P. [GALAB, Geesthacht (Germany); Theobald, N. [Bundesamt fuer Seeschiffahrt und Hydrographie, Hamburg (Germany); Hebbel, H. [Universitaet der Bundeswehr Hamburg (Germany); Stachel, B. [Wasserguetestelle Elbe, Hamburg (Germany)

2000-07-01

Endocrineously active substances are discharged into surface bodies of water with communal and industrial effluents. Especially estrogenic substances like Bisphenol A, alkyl phenols and alkyl phenol ethoxylates in the Elbe and its tributaries have been neglected so far. In the context of an interdisciplinary project, chemists, biologists and mathematicians investigated the concentrations and fate of these xenoestrogens, relative potential effects of unknown water constituents and quantitative statistical mechanisms based on the available analytical findings. The contribution intends to contribute information on the pollutant situation of selected endocrineously active substances in the Elbe and its tributaries. [German] Ein relevanter Eintragspfad fuer endokrin wirksame Stoffe in die Oberflaechengewaesser sind die Abwaesser kommunaler und industrieller Klaeranlagen. Insbesondere das Vorkommen und der Verbleib von oestrogen wirkenden Stoffen wie Bisphenol A, den Alkylphenolen und Alkylphenolethoxylaten in der Elbe und in Elbenebenfluessen wurde bisher zu wenig Aufmerksamkeit geschenkt. In einem interdisziplinaeren Projekt, an dem sich Chemiker, Biologen und Mathematiker beteiligten, wird versucht, eine erste Antwort zu geben ueber das Vorkommen und den Verbleib dieser Xenooestrogene, ueber relative Wirkpotenzen von unbekannten Wasserinhaltsstoffen durch die Anwendung von In-vitro-Tests und ueber quantitative statistische Zusammenhaenge, die auf vorhandenen Analysenergebnissen basieren. Dieser Bericht soll einen Beitrag leisten zur Immissionssituation von ausgewaehlten endokrin wirksamen Stoffen in der Elbe und in Elbenebenfluessen. (orig.)

First robotized assembly line in for multivalve cylinder heads in Europe; Erste roborterautomatisierte Montagelinie fuer Mehrventilzylinderkoepfe in Europa

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Simonis, G. [ABB Flexible Automation GmbH, Langenfeld (Germany)

1996-12-31

From its earliest days the automotive industry has pioneered the automation of factory operations. This reputation is being added to by yet another new development in the assembly area. The trendsetter is ABB Flexible Automation GmbH, based in Butzbach, Germany, which has developed a future-oriented concept for vehicle engine assembly in which jointed-arm robots play a key role. The new concept has been adopted for Europe`s first robotized assembly line for multivalve cylinder heads, installed by ABB for the German carmaker Audi in Gyoer, Hungary. (orig.) [Deutsch] Die Automobilindustrie war und ist Vorreiter in der Automatisierung betrieblicher Ablaeufe. Einmal mehr zeigt sich dies im Montagebereich. Trendsetter ist hier die ABB Flexible Automation GmbH, Butzbach/Deutschland, die fuer die Montage von Fahrzeugaggregaten ein zukunftweisendes Konzept entwickelt hat. Gelenkarmroboter spielen dabei eine entscheidende Rolle. Ein Beispiel dafuer: Die erste roboterautomatisierte Montageanlage fuer Mehrventilzylinderkoepfe in Europa, die ABB fuer den Automobilhersteller Audi im ungarischen Gyoer realisiert hat. (orig.)

Optimisation of the energy potential of low-CO2 gas turbines by using large monocrystal turbine blades. Final report; Optimierung des Energiepotentials fuer CO{sub 2}-arme Gasturbinen durch grosse Einkristall-Turbinenschaufeln. Abschlussbericht

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Grossmann, J.

2002-07-01

Apart from the experimental identification and assessment of process characteristics during industrial-scale application of the so-called liquid metal cooling (LPC) process, the project focused on the characterisation of monocrystalline, directionally solidified materials and components. This involved the construction and commissioning of appropriate production and test aggregates, i.e. the LMC casting system and a Laue orientation testing unit, as well as the modification of a vacuum heat treatment furnace to meet the specific requirement of glow annealing of monocrystalline, directionally solidified turbine blades. [German] Das Ziel des Forschungsvorhabens (Laufzeit: 01. Juli 1997 bis 31. Dezember 2001) 'Optimierung des Energiepotentials fuer CO{sub 2}-arme Gasturbinen durch grosse Einkristall-Turbinenschaufeln' lag neben der experimentellen Bestimmung und Bewertung von Verfahrens- und Prozesskennwerten bei der industriellen Umsetzung des sogenannten Liquid-Metal-Cooling-Verfahrens (LMC) in der Eigenschaftscharakterisierung von einkristallin-gerichtet erstarrten Proben und Bauteilen, die mittels dieser neuartigen Giesstechnologie dargestellt wurden. Grundvoraussetzung fuer die umfassende Bearbeitung der o.g. Arbeitsinhalte war die Konstruktion und Inbetriebnahme der notwendigen Fertigungs- und Pruefaggregate, d.h. der LMC-Giessanlage und einer Laue-Orientierungspruefeinrichtung bzw. der Abstimmung eines Vakuum-Waermebehandlungsofens auf die spezifischen Anforderungen der Loesungsgluehung einkristallin-gerichtet erstarrter Turbinenlaufschaufeln. (orig.)

Bayerisches Landesamt fuer Umweltschutz. Annual report 2001; Bayerisches Landesamt fuer Umweltschutz. Taetigkeitsbericht 2001

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2002-07-01

The annual report informs about the activities of the Bavarian Land Office for Environmental Protection in the following fields: clean air policy, waste management, management of soil pollution and remedial action, nuclear energy and radiation protection, nature conservation and landscape conservation, LfU laboratory, environmental hygiene, and data processing (SR) [German] er vorliegende Bericht beschreibt die Taetigkeiten des Bayerischen Landesamtes uer Umweltschutz auf folgenden Gebieten: Immissionsschutz, Abfallwirtschaft, Al lasten und Bodenschutz, Kernenergie und Strahlenschutz, Naturschutz und Landsch ftspflege, Zentrallabors und Umwelthygiene, sowie Datenverarbeitung. (SR)

Emission control at stationary sources in the Federal Republic of Germany. Vol 1. Sulphur oxide and nitrogen oxide emission control; Massnahmen zur Emissionsminderung bei stationaeren Quellen in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland. Bd. 1. Minderung der SO{sub 2}- und NO{sub x}-Emissionen

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Rentz, O; Schleef, H J; Dorn, R; Sasse, H; Karl, U

1997-05-01

Primaer- und Sekundaermassnahmen in den emissionsrelevanten Industriesektoren fuer SO{sub 2}- und NO{sub x} in Deutschland. Der Bericht gibt einen Ueberblick ueber die Entwicklung der SO{sub 2}- und NO{sub x}-Emissionen in ausgewaehlten europaeischen Laendern waehrend der letzten 20 Jahre und in Europa. Daran schliessen sich aktuelle nationale und europaeische Grenzwerte und Richtlinien zu der SO{sub 2}- und NO{sub x} Emissionen aus stationaeren Quellen an. Der Anwendungsstand von Massnahmen zur Minderung der SO{sub 2}- und NO{sub x}-Emissionen wird fuer jeden relevanten Industriesektor untersucht und primaere Minderungsoptionen beschrieben. Spezielle Prozesseinheiten mit direktem Kontakt von Flamme und Prozessgut werden in den einzelnen Prozessen diskutiert, waehrend externe Verbrennungsprozesse zur ausschliesslichen Bereitstellung von Prozesswaerme und elektrischer Energie sektoruebergreifend in einem separaten Kapitel behandelt werden. Der Bericht schliesst mit einem Ueberblick ueber die zur Verfuegung stehenden sekundaeren Minderungsmassnahmen. Fuer die einzelnen Sektoren werden Beispiele fuer Investitionen und Kosten fuer installierte Minderungstechnologien gegeben, die als einzelfallabhaengig anzusehen sind. Zusaetzlich stellten die Anbieter von Emissionsminderungstechnologien Verfahrensbeschreibungen ihrer Produkte einschliesslich Referenzen zur Verfuegung, die im Bericht enthalten sind. (orig.)

Student und Wissenschaft: soziale Faktoren des wissenschaftlichen Engagements der Studenten ; spezieller Bericht "Student 79"

OpenAIRE

Lange, Günter

1982-01-01

Die Ausgangsfragestellung, wie soziale Beziehungen im Studienprozeß das wissenschaftliche Engagement der Studenten beeinflussen, wird aufgrund vorliegenden empirischen Materials (der Autor stützt sich primär auf die Ergebnisse der Untersuchung STUDENT 79) auf die Analyse des Verhältnisses der Studenten zu den Lehrkräften eingegrenzt. Der Verfasser äußert sich zur Gültigkeit seiner Aussagen: "Der Bericht trägt den Charakter einer Zusammenfassung vorläufiger Ergebnisse zum Problem und bedarf ti...

Qualifizierungsbedarfe, -ansätze und -strategien im Secondhand Sektor. Ein Europäischer Good-Practice-Bericht

OpenAIRE

Arold, Heike; Koring, Claudia; Windelband, Lars

2008-01-01

Vor dem Hintergrund eines sich ändernden Konsumverhaltens sowie des Wandels in der Umweltpolitik ist zukünftig mit einem Wachstum des Secondhand Sektors zu rechnen. Um die Qualität sowie die Professionalisierung innerhalb der im Sektor operierenden Unternehmen zu stärken, bedarf es der Entwicklung einer europaweit einheitlichen und sektorspezifischen Qualifizierung, die an den realen Arbeitsprozessen und Anforderungen ausgerichtet ist. Der vorliegende Good-Practice-Bericht zeigt neben einer a...

Proof of pipeline strength based on measurements of inspection pigs; Festigkeitsnachweis von Pipelines aufgrund der Messergebnisse von Pruefmolchen

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

De la Camp, H.J.; Feser, G.; Hofmann, A.; Wolf, B.; Schmidt, H. [TUeV Sueddeutschland Bau und Betrieb GmbH, Muenchen (Germany); Herforth, H.E.; Juengling, K.H.; Schmidt, W. [TUeV Anlagentechnik GmbH, Berlin-Schoeneberg (Germany). Unternehmensgruppe TUeV Rheinland/Berlin-Brandenburg

2002-01-01

The report is aimed at collecting and documenting the state of the art and the extensive know how of experts and pipeline operators with regard to judging the structural integrity of pipelines. In order to assess the actual mechanical strength of pipelines based on measurement results obtained by inspection pigs, guidance is given for future processing, which eventually can be used as a basis for an industry standard. A literature study of the commercially available types of inspection pigs describes and synoptically lists the respective pros and cons. In essence the report comprises besides check lists of operating data for the pipeline and the pig runs mainly the evaluation of defects and respective calculating procedures. Included are recommendations regarding maintenance planning, verification of defects as well as repetition of pig runs. (orig.) [German] Ziel des Berichtes ist die Erfassung und Dokumentation zum derzeitigen Stand der Technik und des vorhandenen umfangreichen Know-how von Sachverstaendigen und Pipelinebetreibern auf dem Gebiet der sicherheitstechnischen Beurteilung von Pipelines. Fuer den Festigkeitsnachweis von Pipelines aufgrund der Messergebnisse von Pruefmolchen wurde ein Leitfaden als Basis fuer die zukuenftige Vorgehensweise erstellt, der eventuell die Grundlage eines normativen Regelwerkes bilden kann. In einer Literaturstudie wurden die auf dem Markt befindlichen Pruefmolchtypen zusammenfassend beschrieben und ihre Vor- und Nachteile tabellarisch gegenuebergestellt und bewertet. Neben der Erstellung von Checklisten fuer notwendige Daten zum Betrieb der Pipeline und der Molchlaeufe bildet die Fehlerbewertung mit entsprechenden Berechnungsverfahren den Hauptteil dieses Berichtes. Hinweise zur Instandhaltungsplanung (Fehlerverifikation und Molchlaufwiederholung) werden gegeben. (orig.)

Overview of, and demands on, small hydroelectric turbines; Kleinwasserturbinen, Ueberblick und Anforderungen

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lein, G. [Stuttgart Univ. (Germany). Inst. fuer Stroemungsmechanik und Hydraulische Stroemungsmaschinen

1997-12-31

The report deals with some aspects of small hydroelectric turbines which the reporter`s experience has proved to be relevant. Although this experience derives in part from larger units, most of it holds true also of small turbines. The report does not restrict itself to the high-tech conditions of central Europe. A brief overview of turbine types is given. Questions of the choice and construction of turbines, and questions relating to guarantees and their verification are discussed. Some important standards, norms and guidelines which apply to small turbines are pointed out. (orig.) [Deutsch] Im folgenden Bericht werden einige Aspekte von Kleinwasserturbinen angesprochen, die nach der Erfahrung des Berichters von Wichtigkeit sind. Wenn diese Erfahrungen auch zum Teil an groesseren Einheiten gewonnen wurden, so sind sie doch ueberwiegend auch fuer Kleinturbinen gueltig. Der Bericht beschraenkt sich dabei nicht auf Verhaeltnisse in unserem hochtechnisierten mitteleuropaeischen Raum. Nach einem kurzen Ueberblick ueber die Turbinentypen werden Fragen der Turbinenauswahl und -konstruktion und der Garantien und deren Nachweis angesprochen. Schliesslich wird eine Uebersicht ueber einige wichtige Standards, Normen und Richtlinien, die auf Kleinturbinen angewendet werden koennen, gegeben. (orig.)

Aircraft Research Guideline 1999 - 2002: High pressure compressor - preliminary design as a basis for the development of an efficient and environmentally friendly core engine. Final report; Leitlinie Luftfahrtforschung 1999 - 2002: Hochdruckverdichter-Vorauslegung als Grundlagenuntersuchung zur Entwicklung eines Kerntriebwerkes fuer einen effizienten und umweltfreundlichen Antrieb. Schlussbericht

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Klinger, H.

2001-08-01

This report completes the documentation for the research project 'High Pressure Compressor - Preliminary Design as Basis for the Development of an Efficient and Environmentally Friendly Core Engine' which was funded by the Ministry of Economics of State Brandenburg. The objective of the project is to deliver a preliminary compressor aerodynamic design as well as design studies for an efficient, weight and cost improved compressor. The increase of stage pressure ratio and improved efficiency, whilst stage and blade count is reduced, has been achieved by advanced 3D methods. Compressor stability also at off-design conditions will be retained. The mechanical design focusses on a cost and weight optimised rotor not only for a conventional bladed discs but also for Blish stages. Various options for split casings have been developed and assessed. Alternative vortex reducers based on different design options have been carried out. The results from this project will be directly exploited in a follow-on project for a new nine-stage compressor. The new high pressure compressor will be a key element of the future two-shaft-engine architecture. (orig.) [German] Der vorliegende Bericht schliesst das vom Land Brandenburg im Rahmen der Leitlinie Luftfahrtforschung gefoerderte Vorhaben 'Hochdruckverdichter - Vorauslegung als Grundlagenuntersuchung zur Entwicklung eines Kerntriebwerkes fuer einen effizienten und umweltfreundlichen Antrieb' ab. Ziel dieses Vorhabens ist es, im Rahmen einer aerodynamischen Vorauslegung sowie Designstudien die notwendigen Technologien zu erarbeiten, um einen hinsichtlich Effizienz, Kosten, Gewicht und Wartungsintervallen verbesserten Hochdruckverdichter auszulegen. Die Erhoehung des Druckverhaeltnisses und des Wirkungsgrads bei verringerter Stufen- und Schaufelzahl sowie ein stabiles Betriebsverhalten auch ausserhalb des Auslegungspunktes wurde dabei durch eine aeusserst fortschrittliche 3D Schaufelauslegung erreicht. Auf der

Controlling applied to information processing: quality management applied to IP projects and IP services; Informationsverarbeitungs-Controlling: Qualitaetsmanagement fuer IV-Projekte und fuer IV-Service

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Becker, B. [Vereinigung Deutscher Elektrizitaetswerke e.V. (VDEW), Frankfurt am Main (Germany); Beckers, F. [Isar-Amperwerke AG, Muenchen (Germany); Dewald, N. [Bayernwerk AG, Muenchen (Germany); Hauffe, P. [Pfalzwerke AG, Ludwigshafen am Rhein (Germany); Hein, F. [EVS AG Stuttgart (Germany); Hoederath, M. [Vereinigte Elektrizitaetswerke Westfalen AG (VEW), Dortmund (Germany); Seyen, R. [Staedtische Werke Nuernberg GmbH (Germany)

1998-01-12

The working group on information processing (IP) basics (in German: `IV-Grundlagen`) has prepared this contribution dealing with controlling applied to information processing. This new report, on the one hand, takes into consideration the role of the organizational IP unit as one offering its services to all sections of a company. On the other hand, information processing as an operational infrastructure influencing all business processes becomes increasingly important with respect to the competitiveness of the EVU. Therefore, quality management applied to IP projects and IP services must support this development. (orig./RHM) [Deutsch] Der VDEW Arbeitskreis `IV-Grundlagen` hat einen Beitrag zum Controlling fuer die Informationsverarbeitung erstellt. Hier geht zum einen die Rolle der Organisationseinheit IV als Dienstleister fuer alle Unternehmensbereiche ein. Zum anderen gewinnt die Informationsverarbeitung als betriebliche Infrastruktur fuer alle Geschaeftsprozesse zunehmende Bedeutung fuer die Wettbewerbsfaehigkeit der EVU. Das Qualitaetsmanagement fuer IV-Projekte und fuer IV-Service muss dies unterstuetzen. (orig./RHM)

Energy report for Bavaria, 1996/97. Data on the development of the Bavarian energy industry, with an energy balance; Energiebericht Bayern 1996/97. Daten zur Entwicklung der bayerischen Energiewirtschaft mit Energiebilanz

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1998-04-01

The report presents the energy balance for Bavaria and provides information on: Bavarian energy industry; structure and development of primary and end-use energy consumption; situation and development of energy sources (electricity, gas, mineral oil, coal, district heating). (orig.) [Deutsch] Der Bericht enthaelt die Energiebilanz Bayern fuer das Berichtsjahr und bietet Informationen zur Energiewirtschaft in Bayern, zur Struktur und Entwicklung des Primaer- und Endenergieverbrauchs und zur Situation und Entwicklung bei den einzelnen Energietraegern (Elektrizitaet, Gas, Mineraloel, Kohle, Fernwaerme). (orig.)

Particle Reduction Strategies - PAREST. PM10-cause analysis based on hypothetical emissions scenarios. Sub-report; Strategien zur Verminderung der Feinstaubbelastung - PAREST. PM10-Ursachenanalyse auf der Basis hypothetischer Emissionsszenarien. Teilbericht

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Stern, Rainer [Freie Univ. Berlin (Germany). Inst. fuer Meteorologie, Troposphaerische Umweltforschung

2013-06-15

In this report, a PM10 cause analysis is presented, which provides an estimation of the extent to which the emitted substances from ten different source sectors are responsible for the calculated PM10 concentrations in Germany (PM = particulate matter). [German] In diesem Bericht wird eine PM10-Ursachenanalyse vorgestellt, die eine Abschaetzung liefert, in welchem Umfang die in Deutschland von den verschiedenen Verursachergruppen emittierten Stoffe fuer die in Deutschland berechneten PM10-Konzentrationen verantwortlich sind.

Status report on the use of nuclear energy in the Federal Republic of Germany 2016; Statusbericht zur Kernenergienutzung in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland 2016

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bredberg, Ines; Hutter, Johann; Kuehn, Kerstin; Niedzwiedz, Katarzyna; Philippczyk, Frank [Bundesamt fuer kerntechnische Entsorgungssicherheit (BFE), Salzgitter (Germany); Thoemmes, Achim [Bundesamt fuer Strahlenschutz, Salzgitter (Germany)

2017-08-15

. Information is provided on the purpose and capacity of nuclear fuel supply and disposal facilities. The approval history and the current operating and approval status are also displayed. In the field of final disposal, the new legal structures, supervision and ongoing projects are described. The information is summarized at the end of the report in tabular form. The report is issued annually in updated form. [German] Am 30.07.2016 ist das ''Gesetz zur Neuordnung der Organisationsstruktur im Bereich der Endlagerung'' in Kraft getreten. Es sieht vor, die staatlichen Aufgaben der Genehmigung und Aufsicht im Bereich der Kerntechnik, der Zwischenlagerung, der Standortauswahl und der Endlagerueberwachung mehrheitlich in einer neuen Behoerde zu buendeln, dem Bundesamt fuer kerntechnische Entsorgungssicherheit (BfE). Mit Inkrafttreten des Gesetzes wurden die entsprechenden Fachaufgaben des Bundesamtes fuer Strahlenschutz (BfS) auf das BfE uebertragen. Die Aufgabe zur Erstellung des jaehrlichen Statusberichtes zur Kernenergienutzung ist nunmehr Aufgabe des BfE. Fuer die operativen Aufgaben der Standortsuche, der Errichtung und des Betriebs der Endlager sowie der Schachtanlage Asse II und des Bergwerks Gorleben wird eine staatseigene Gesellschaft, die Bundesgesellschaft fuer Endlagerung (BGE), die Verantwortung uebernehmen. Der vorliegende Bericht mit dem Stand 31.12.2016 gibt einen Ueberblick ueber die Nutzung der Kernenergie in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland. Im Bericht aufgefuehrt sind die wesentlichen Daten aller Kernkraftwerke, Forschungsreaktoren und der Anlagen der Kernbrennstoffver- und -entsorgung. Zum Berichtszeitpunkt 31.12.2016 waren acht Kernkraftwerksbloecke in Betrieb. Die Stromerzeugung durch Kernenergie im Jahr 2016 betrug insgesamt ca. 84,6 TWh (2015: 91,8 TWh). Der Anteil der Kernenergie an der Gesamt-Brutto-Stromerzeugung betrug 13,0 % (2015: 14,2 %). Fuer die Kernkraftwerke enthaelt der Bericht in zusammengefasster Form die wesentlichen

C-arm computed tomography for transarterial chemoperfusion and chemo-embolization of thoracic lesions; Transarterielle Chemoperfusion und -embolisation thorakaler Neoplasmen mittels C-Arm CT

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Vogl, T.J.; Naguib, N.N.; Nour-Eldin, N.E.; Lehnert, T.; Mbalisike, E. [Klinikum der Johann-Wolfgang-Goethe-Universitaet, Institut fuer Diagnostische und Interventionelle Radiologie, Frankfurt am Main (Germany)

2009-09-15

To evaluate the role of C-arm CT for on-line fluoroscopy in regional transarterial chemoperfusion (TACP) and chemo-embolization (TPCE) of primary and secondary malignant thoracic lesions. From September 2008 to March 2009 a total of 31 patients (20 males and 11 females, average age: 61.7 years, range 22-84 years) with 53 thoracic malignant lesions from different origins (primary or secondary pulmonary carcinoma n=37, pleural mesothelioma n=16) were treated with TACP or TPCE using flat-detector CT (FD-CT). C-arm CT of the latest generation was used to localize the lesion before local chemotherapy (Artis Zeego, Siemens, Erlangen). For TACP a 220 rotation and a volume of 150 ml (ratio of 1:2 contrast/normal saline), delay 2 s and flow 12 ml/s was used. For TPCE a volume of 75 ml (ratio of 1:2 contrast/normal saline), delay 2 s and flow 3 ml/s was used. TPCE C-arm CT allowed the evaluation of the degree of perfusion of the tumor and the geographic areas of enhancement correlated with the post-interventional lipiodol uptake in MSCT. In TACP the intercostal arteries involved could be visualized and in 30% of interventions the catheter had to be repositioned for the following intervention. C-arm CT provides additional information on the vascular characteristics and perfusion of pulmonary lesions resulting in a change of interventional strategy in a relevant number of patients. (orig.) [German] Ziel der Arbeit war die Evaluation der Wertigkeit der C-Arm CT fuer die online gesteuerte regionale transarterielle Chemoperfusion (TACP) und die transpulmonale Chemoembolisation (TPCE) primaerer und sekundaerer thorakaler Neoplasmen Von September 2008 bis Maerz 2009 wurden 31 Patienten (11 Frauen/20 Maenner, Durchschnittsalter 61,7 Jahre) mit 53 unterschiedlichen thorakalen Neoplasmen (primaere oder sekundaere Lungenkarzinome [n=37], Pleuramesotheliome [n=16]) mittels TACP oder TPCE unter Einsatz der Flachdetektortechnologie (FD-CT) behandelt. Alle Behandlungen erfolgten an einem C

Status seminar `98: Solar-supported district heating with seasonal heat storage. Status report `98; Status-Seminar `98: Solarunterstuetzte Nahwaermeversorgung - Saisonale Waermespeicherung. Statusbericht `98

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1998-12-31

This status report refers to the BMBF (Federal Ministry for Education, Science, Research and Technology) status seminar: Solar-assisted district heat supply - seasonal heat storage that took place in Neckarsulm on 19th and 20th May. 1998. The report contains the reference papers and the status reports of all projects supported under the Ministry`s SOLARTHERMIE programme that have already been finished or are still running. (orig.) [Deutsch] Der vorliegende Statusbericht wird anlaesslich des BMBF-Statusseminars: Solarunterstuetzte Nahwaermeversorgung - Saisonale Waermespeicherung am 19. und 20. Mai 1998 in Neckarsulm herausgegeben. Der Bericht enthaelt neben den Tagungsbeitraegen auch die Sachstandsberichte aller Projekte, die zu diesem Thema in den letzten Jahren von BMBF in dem Programm SOLARTHERMIE-2000 bereits abgeschlossen wurden oder z.Zt. gefoerdert werden. (orig.)

Baden-Wuerttemberg. Energy report `94; Baden-Wuerttemberg. Energie-Bericht `94

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1995-11-01

The energy report reviews the energy policy of the Land Baden-Wuerttemberg in the light of the national and international situation in the year under report. Tables and diagrams present data and information on the worldwide energy consumption, the energy consumption in the European Union and in the Federal Republic of Germany as well as on the energy supplies of the Land Baden-Wuerttemberg; Energy consumption; primary energy consumption; end-use energy consumption; rational use of energy; mineral oil; coal; electricity; natural gas; district heating; renewable energy sources; energy supply structures; the energy balance of Baden-Wuerttemberg for the past year; and more. (orig./HS) [Deutsch] Der Energiebericht gibt einen Ueberblick ueber die Energiepolitik Baden-Wuerttembergs im nationalen und internationalen Rahmen fuer das Berichtsjahr. Tabellen und Graphiken informieren ueber die wichtigsten Daten zum Energieverbrauch weltweit, in der Europaeischen Union und in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland sowie zur Energieversorgung des Landes Baden-Wuerttemberg: Energieverbrauch; Primaerenergieverbrauch; Endenergieverbrauch; rationelle Nutzung von Energie; Mineraloel; Kohle; Strom; Erdgas; Fernwaerme; erneuerbare Energien; Versorgungsstrukturen; energiebedingte Emissionen; Energiebilanz Baden-Wuerttemberg fuer das Vorjahr; und mehr. (orig./HS)

Baden-Wuerttemberg. Energy report 97; Baden-Wuerttemberg. Energie-Bericht 97

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1998-03-01

The energy report reviews the energy policy of the Land Baden-Wuerttemberg in the light of the national and international situation in the year under report. Tables and diagrams present data and information on the worldwide energy consumption, the energy consumption in the European Union and in the Federal Republic of Germany as well as on the energy supplies of the Land Baden-Wuerttemberg: energy consumption; primary energy consumption; end-use energy consumption; rational use of energy; mineral oil; coal; electricity; natural gas; district heating; renewable energy sources; energy supply structures; the energy balance of Baden-Wuerttemberg for the past year; and more. (orig.) [Deutsch] Der Energiebericht gibt einen Ueberblick ueber die Energiepolitik Baden-Wuerttembergs im nationalen und internationalen Rahmen fuer das Berichtsjahr. Tabellen und Graphiken informieren ueber die wichtigsten Daten zum Energieverbrauch weltweit, in der Europaeischen Union und in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland sowie zur Energieversorgung des Landes Baden-Wuerttemberg: Energieverbrauch; Primaerenergieverbrauch; Endenergieverbrauch; rationelle Nutzung von Energie; Mineraloel; Kohle; Strom; Erdgas; Fernwaerme; Erneuerbare Energien; Versorgungsstrukturen; Energiebedingte Emissionen; Energiebilanz Baden-Wuerttemberg fuer das Vorjahr; und mehr. (orig.)

Sewage sludge volumes and disposal strategies in Germany and Europe today; Aktuelle Klaerschlammmengen und Ihre Entsorgung in Deutschland und Europa

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Esch, B.; Loll, U.

2001-07-01

This report presents the latest data published by the Federal Statistical Authority on the quantities of sewage sludges in Germany and their disposal. It also shows the quantities and their relation to the population. In addition to the quantities of sewage sludge, their qualities are also shown. The report is completed by data from the European Union. With brief explanations and clear graphics, the statistical key data can help anybody to achieve an extensive overview of the subject. The report also gives ideas for in-debth studies. [German] In vorliegendem Bericht werden die aktuellsten Daten des Statistischen Bundesamtes zum Anfall und Entsorgung der Klaerschlaemme in Deutschland vorgestellt. Es wird weiterhin dargestellt, wie sich die Mengen im Verhaeltnis zwischen Einwohner und Einwohnergleichwerten verhalten. Neben den Klaerschlammmengen werden auch die Klaerschlammqualitaeten dargestellt. Ergaenzt wird dieser Bericht durch Daten aus der Europaeischen Union. Mit kurzen Erlaeuterungen und anschaulichen Grafiken koennen die Eckdaten der Statistik jedem zu einem umfassenden Ueberblick verhelfen. Fuer vertiefende Studien werden Anhaltspunkte und Anregungen gegeben. (orig.)

Monitoring and documentation of practice biogas plants; Monitoring und Dokumentation von Praxis-Biogasanlagen

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ebertseder, Florian; Kissel, Rainer; Lehner, Andreas; Rivera Gracia, Eunice; Bachmaier, Hans; Effenberger, Mathias

2012-09-15

The aim of the project is to extend the data base for the evaluation of biogas plants in terms of functionality and reliability of the technical equipment, the stability and efficiency of the fermentation process as well as the energy utilization. For the presented studies six companies were selected as examples. [German] Ziel des Projektes ist die Erweiterung der Datengrundlage zur Bewertung von Biogasanlagen hinsichtlich der Funktionalitaet und Zuverlaessigkeit der technischen Einrichtungen, der Stabilitaet und Leistungsfaehigkeit des Gaerprozesses sowie der Energieverwertung. Fuer die in diesem Bericht vorgestellten Untersuchungen wurden sechs Betriebe beispielhaft ausgewaehlt.

Bildung für eine nachhaltige Entwicklung. Bericht der BLK an die Regierungschefs von Bund und Ländern zur Umsetzung des Orientierungsrahmens

OpenAIRE

2001-01-01

Der Orientierungsrahmen "Bildung für eine nachhaltige Entwicklung" wurde 1998 durch die Bund-Länder-Kommission für Bildungsplanung und Forschungsförderung (BLK) beschlossen. In dem vorliegenden Dokument wird auf der Grundlage einer Umfrage der BLK-Geschäftsstelle bei den Kultus- und Wissenschaftsministerien über seine Umsetzung berichtet. Der Bericht gliedert sich wie folgt: 1. Rechtliche und politische Grundlagen sowie landesspezifische Initiativen/Programme einer Bildung für nachhaltige Ent...

Bundesanstalt fuer Strahlenschutz. Annual report 2013; Bundesanstalt fuer Strahlenschutz. Jahresbericht 2013

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ebermann, Lutz (comp.)

2014-10-01

The annual report 2013 of the Bundesamt fuer Strahlenschutz covers the following issues: from scientific research to preventive consumer protection, actual questions of radiation protection actual challenges in the frame of environmental radiation monitoring; radioactive waste disposal; actual questions on the safety of nuclear technology. The report includes a list of publications.

78 FR 78939 - 36(b)(1) Arms Sales Notification

Science.gov (United States)

2013-12-27

... DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE Office of the Secretary [Transmittal Nos. 13-68] 36(b)(1) Arms Sales... Department of Defense is publishing the unclassified text of a section 36(b)(1) arms sales notification. This...-$98M (vi) Sales Commission, Fee, etc., Paid, Offered, or Agreed to be Paid: N/A (vii) Sensitivity of...

Fibre-reinforced ceramics for vehicle brakes; Faserverstaerkte Keramiken fuer Bremsenanwendungen

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Krenkel, W. [DLR Deutsches Zentrum fuer Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V., Stuttgart (Germany). Inst. fuer Bauweisen- und Konstruktionsforschung

2000-07-01

In the context of their aerospace research activities, DLR (Deutsches Zentrum fuer Luft- und Raumfahrt) developed a new process for producing ceramic fibre composite materials that are extremely light and tough. Apart from their applications in aerospace engineering, they have great potential for motor brakes with improved friction and wear characteristics. Excellent results were achieved with the new materials even with conventional brake liners. With customised liners, brake life may be prolonged to match the car life. Further applications are expected in trucks for transport in hazardous materials, high-speed trains, aircraft, industrial machinery and plants, and conveyor systems. [German] Im Rahmen der Raumfahrt-Forschung wurde vom Deutschen Zentrum fuer Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR) das Fluessigsilicier-Verfahren zur Herstellung von keramischen Verbundwerkstoffen entwickelt. Diese extrem leichten und bruchzaehen Faserkeramiken haben sich unter den besonderen Bedingungen des Weltraums beispielsweise fuer Hitzeschutzstrukturen von Raumfahrzeugen hervorragend bewaehrt. Darueber hinaus zeigten Untersuchungen ein hohes Anwendungspotenzial fuer neue Bremsen mit deutlich verbesserten Reibungs- und Verschleisseigenschaften. Weiterentwicklungen des keramischen Gefueges fuehrten zu innovativen Leichtbau- bzw. Hochleistungs-Bremsen auf der Basis dieser harten und hitzebestaendigen Verbundwerkstoffe. Bereits mit serienmaessigen Bremsbelaegen wurden die heute geltenden Verschleiss- und Reibwertanforderungen teilweise weit uebertroffen. Die Leistungsfaehigkeit heutiger Bremssysteme kann damit deutlich gesteigert und die ungefederte Masse des Fahrwerks drastisch reduziert werden. Mit der zielgerichteten Anpassung geeigneter Belaege auf die neuen Keramik-Bremsscheiben scheint erstmals ein Einsatz von Lebensdauerbremsen moeglich zu sein, deren geringe Verschleissraten einen Austausch der Bremsscheiben waehrend der Betriebszeit eines Fahrzeugs ueberfluessig machen. Neben der

Research for energy efficiency; Forschung fuer Energieeffizienz

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2010-09-15

The Federal Ministry of Economy enhanced its funding for research in the field of non-nuclear energy in the programme ''Forschung fuer Energieeffizienz'' (Research for Energy Efficiency). The programme focuses on established areas like modern power plant technologies (''Moderne Kraftwerkstechnologien''), fuel cells and hydrogen (''Brennstoffzelle, Wasserstoff''), and energy-optimized building construction (''Energieoptimiertes Bauen''). New subjects are energy-efficient towns and cities (''Energieeffiziente Stadt''), power grids for future power supply (''Netze fuer die Stromversorgung der Zukunft''), power storage (''Stromspeicher''), and electromobility (''Elektromobilitaet''). The brochure presents research and demonstration projects that illustrate the situation in 2010 when the programme was initiated. (orig.)

Fibre-reinforced ceramics for vehicle brakes; Faserverstaerkte Keramiken fuer Bremsenanwendungen

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Krenkel, W. [DLR Deutsches Zentrum fuer Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V., Stuttgart (Germany). Inst. fuer Bauweisen- und Konstruktionsforschung

2000-08-01

Fibre-reinforced ceramics are extremely light, with a high fracture toughness, and have a high potential for applications in motor brakes. It is envisaged that they will last through the whole vehicle life. They can be used in passenger cars, industrial vehicles, high-speed trains, aircraft and in safety brakes in machines, plants and haulage systems. [German] Im Rahmen der Raumfahrt-Forschung wurde vom Deutschen Zentrum fuer Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR) das Fluessigsilicier-Verfahren zur Herstellung von keramischen Verbundwerkstoffen entwickelt. Diese extrem leichten und bruchzaehen Faserkeramiken haben sich unter den besonderen Bedingungen des Weltraums beispielsweise fuer Hitzeschutzstrukturen von Raumfahrzeugen hervorragend bewaehrt. Darueber hinaus zeigten Untersuchungen ein hohes Anwendungspotenzial fuer neue Bremsen mit deutlich verbesserten Reibungs- und Verschleisseigenschaften. Weiterentwicklungen des keramischen Gefueges fuehrten zu innovativen Leichtbau- bzw. Hochleistungs-Bremsen auf der Basis dieser harten und hitzebestaendigen Verbundwerkstoffe. Bereits mit serienmaessigen Bremsbelaegen wurden die heute geltenden Verschleiss- und Reibwertanforderungen teilweise weit uebertroffen. Die Leistungsfaehigkeit heutiger Bremssysteme kann damit deutlich gesteigert und die ungefederte Masse des Fahrwerks drastisch reduziert werden. Mit der zielgerichteten Anpassung geeigneter Belaege auf die neuen Keramik-Bremsscheiben scheint erstmals ein Einsatz von Lebensdauerbremsen moeglich zu sein, deren geringe Verschleissraten einen Austausch der Bremsscheiben waehrend der Betriebszeit eines Fahrzeugs ueberfluessig machen. Neben der Verwendung dieser innovativen Leichtbaubremsen im PKW-Bereich wird zukuenftig deren Einsatz auch fuer Gefahrguttransporter, Hochgeschwindigkeitszuege, Flugzeuge und fuer Sicherheitsbremsen im Maschinen- und Anlagenbau sowie in der Foerdertechnik erwartet. (orig.)

The tropospheric aerosol at mid-latitudes - microphysics, optics, and climate forcing illustrated by the LACE 98 field study; Das troposphaerische Aerosol in mittleren Breiten - Mikrophysik, Optik und Klimaantrieb am Beispiel der Feldstudie LACE 98

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Fiebig, M.

2001-07-01

This study investigates the column closure of optical aerosol parameters as part of the Lindenberg Aerosol Characterisation Experiment (LACE 98). The optical aerosol parameters were calculated from microphysical aerosol parameters which were measured height resolved from tropopause to boundary layer and compared with the direct measurement of the respective property (closure). The closure allows the validation of the measured aerosol properties and the inversion of aerosol properties which are not measurable directly. The radiative forcings of the measured aerosol columns are estimated. The measured, quality assured microphysical aerosol properties are parameterized and tabulated as input data for models. The successful closure of the aerosol column's optical depth validates the measured particle size distributions, whereas the successful closure of the backscatter coefficient validates the assumptions made on the aerosol chemical composition and serves to deduce its state of mixture, the latter point exemplified using a 7 day old forest fire aerosol. The local, instantaneous radiative forcing of the measured continental particle columns are estimated to lie between -33 W/m{sup 2} for continental and -6 W/m{sup 2} for marine air masses for a solar zenith angle of 56 . (orig.) [German] Als Teil des Lindenberger Aerosol Charakterisierungsexperimentes (LACE 98) behandelt diese Arbeit die Saeulenschliessung optischer Aerosolparameter. Diese wurden aus den von Tropopause bis Grenzschicht hoehenaufgeloest gemessenen mikrophysikalischen Aerosoleigenschaften berechnet, um sie mit den am gleichen Ort direkt gemessenen optischen Aerosolparametern zu vergleichen (Schliessung). Es wird gezeigt, dass die Schliessung die Qualitaetssicherung der gemessenen Aerosoleigenschaften und die Invertierung direkt nicht messbarer Aerosoleigenschaften ermoeglicht. Die Strahlungsantriebe der vermessenen Aerosolsaeulen werden abgeschaetzt. Die qualitaetsgesicherten gemessenen

57th report of the Arbeitsgemeinschaft Rhein-Wasserwerke e.V. (ARW). Annual report 2000; 57. Bericht der Arbeitsgemeinschaft Rhein-Wasserwerke e.V. (ARW). Jahresbericht 2000

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2001-08-01

This is the 57th annual report of the Arbeitsgemeinschaft Rhein-Wasserwerke e.V. (ARW) on Rhine water quality from the view of drinking water supply. The positive trends continued in some fields, especially in the case of chloride concentrations and freights. On the other hand, there was a significant increase of some organic pollutants like DTPA, glyphosate and AMPA. The microbiological specifications of the new Drinking Water Ordinance and the concentrations of tensides and their metabolites are gone into. The ARW is worried about new or newly identified organic substances in Rhine water, especially as there is a lack of toxicological data on these substances and of data concerning their behaviour during freshwater preparation for drinking. [German] Die Arbeitsgemeinschaft Rhein-Wasserwerke e.V. (ARW) legt hiermit ihren nunmehr 57. Jahresbericht vor, in dem ueber ihre Aktivitaeten und wichtige Ergebnisse aus dem Untersuchungsprogramm der Rhein-Wasserwerke berichtet wird. Wie in den Vorjahren steht im Mittelpunkt der fachlichen Arbeiten der ARW die Bewertung der Rheinwasserbeschaffenheit aus Sicht der Trinkwasserversorgung. Im ersten Teil dieses Jahresberichtes sind die wichtigsten Ergebnisse zusammengefasst, die insgesamt erkennen lassen, dass sich die positiven Tendenzen bei vielen Wassergueteparametern auch im Berichtsjahr 2000 fortgesetzt haben. Dies gilt vor allem fuer die Chlorid-Konzentrationen und -Frachten im Rhein, die im Vergleich zum Vorjahr deutlich zurueckgegangen sind. Im Gegensatz dazu haben die Konzentrationen einiger organischer Einzelstoffe, wie z. B. DTPA sowie Glyphosat und AMPA, im Jahr 2000 z. T. deutlich zugenommen. Weiterhin sind in diesem Jahresbericht eine ausfuehrliche Zusammenstellung ueber die mikrobiologischen Anforderungen, die sich aus der neuen Trinkwasserverordnung ergeben sowie ein Bericht ueber das Vorkommen von Tensiden und deren Metaboliten in Oberflaechengewaessern, wie z. B. im Rhein, enthalten. Insbesondere das Auftreten

CERN: 500 Millionen fuer neuen Teilchenbeschleuniger

CERN Multimedia

2002-01-01

"Die 20 Mitgliederlaender des Europaeischen Labors fuer Teilchenphysik in Genf CERN haben einen Sparplan zur Finanzierung eines neuen Teilchenbeschleunigers gut geheissen. Rund 500Millionen Franken sollen zu diesem Zweck uminvestiert werden" (1/2 page).

Bundesamt fuer Strahlenschutz 1989-2014

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ebermann, Lutz

2015-01-01

The information on the Bundesamt fuer Strahlenschutz 1989-2014 includes the following contributions: Bfs concentrates the radiation protection expertise; knowledge generation, knowledge testing knowledge application: the BfS as scientific organization; radiation protection and health; radiation protection and environment, safety of nuclear waste management; safety in nuclear technology; specific challenges for BfS.

Bundesforschungsanstalt fuer Ernaehrung. Annual report

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

1996-01-01

The 1994 annual report of the Bundesforschungsanstalt fuer Ernaehrung describes the tasks, structure and staff and fields of research of this institution and its scientific cooperation with other institutions. The report is supplemented by an alphabetic list off all publications. The BFE specializes in research on nutritional, food and ecotrophological sciences. (vhe) [de

Energy report for Bavaria, 1998/99. Data on the development of the Bavarian energy industry, with an energy balance; Energiebericht Bayern 1998/99. Daten zur Entwicklung der bayerischen Energiewirtschaft mit Energiebilanz

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1999-07-01

The energy report presents an annotated statistical review of energy supply in Bavaria and addresses the energy policy and resulting activities of the Bavarian Land government. The energy balance and tabulated data for the various branches of the energy industry predominantly cover the year 1997, but whenever available, data for the years 1998 and 1999 have been included. As in previous energy reports, an annex to the report contains statements of the Bavarian Land government in reply to written questions of members of the Land Parliament, and energy policy decisions of the Land Parliament taken within the reporting period. (orig./CB) [German] Der vorliegende Bericht zeigt die Entwicklung der Energieversorung in Bayern und gibt einen Ueberblick ueber die energiepolitischen Aktivitaeten der Staatsregierung. Die Energiebilanz und die Datentabellen zu den einzelnen Energiezweigen beziehen sich im allgemeinen auf das Jahr 1997. Soweit bei einigen Energietraegern bereits Zahlen fuer 1998 und 1999 vorliegen, wurden sie in den Bericht mit aufgenommen. Im Anhang des Energieberichts sind wieder Stellungnahmen der Bayerischen Staatsregierung zu Schriftlichen Anfragen von Abgeordneten sowie Beschluessen des Bayerischen Landtags zur Energiepolitik aus dem Berichtszeitraum wiedergegeben. (orig.)

Update of the BIG 1-98 Trial: where do we stand?

Science.gov (United States)

Joerger, Markus; Thürlimann, Beat

2009-10-01

There is accumulating data on the clinical benefit of aromatase inhibitors in the adjuvant treatment of early-stage breast cancer in postmenopausal women. The Breast International Group (BIG) 1-98 study is a randomized, phase 3, double-blind trial comparing four adjuvant endocrine treatments of 5 years duration in postmenopausal women with hormone-receptor-positive breast cancer: letrozole or tamoxifen monotherapy, sequential treatment with tamoxifen followed by letrozole, or vice versa. This article summarizes data presented at the 2009 St. Gallen early breast cancer conference: an update on the monotherapy arms of the BIG 1-98 study, and results from the sequential treatment arms. Implications for daily practice from BIG 1-98 and from other adjuvant trials will be discussed. Despite cross-over from tamoxifen to letrozole by 25% of the patients after unblinding of the tamoxifen monotherapy arm, the improvement of disease-free survival (HR 0.88, 0.78-0.99, p = 0.03) and time to distant recurrence (HR 0.85, 0.72-1.00, p = 0.05) for letrozole monotherapy as compared to tamoxifen monotherapy remained significant in the intention-to-treat (ITT) analysis. A trend for an overall survival advantage for letrozole was seen in the ITT analysis (HR 0.87, 0.75-1.02, p = 0.08). No statistically significant differences were found for the sequential treatment arms versus letrozole monotherapy, with respect to disease-free survival, time to distant recurrence or overall survival. Cumulative incidence analysis of breast cancer recurrence favors the initiation of adjuvant endocrine treatment with letrozole instead of tamoxifen, especially in patients at higher risk for early recurrence. Similarly, data suggest that patients commenced on letrozole can be switched to tamoxifen after 2 years, if required. The BIG 1-98 study update with median follow up of 76 months confirms a significant reduction in the risk of breast cancer recurrence and a trend towards improved overall survival

STS-98 U.S. Lab Destiny rests in Atlantis' payload bay

Science.gov (United States)

2001-01-01

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, Fla. -- The U.S. Lab Destiny rests in the payload bay of Space Shuttle Atlantis before closure of the doors. A key element in the construction of the International Space Station, Destiny is 28 feet long and weighs 16 tons. Destiny will be attached to the Unity node on the ISS using the Shuttle'''s robot arm, seen here on the left side, with the help of an elbow camera attached to the arm (near the upper end of the lab in the photo). This research and command-and-control center is the most sophisticated and versatile space laboratory ever built. It will ultimately house a total of 23 experiment racks for crew support and scientific research. Destiny will fly on STS-98, the seventh construction flight to the ISS. Launch of STS-98 is scheduled for Jan. 19 at 2:11 a.m. EST.

Intelligent robot / manipulator systems for NDT of primary components in nuclear power plants; Intelligente Roboter / Handhabungssysteme fuer die Pruefung von Primaerkreiskomponenten in Kernkraftwerken

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Dirauf, F.; Gottfried, R.; Bauer, R. [Siemens AG, KWU, Erlangen (Germany)

1999-08-01

The inspection robot developed by Siemens KWU for BWR reactor pressure vessel inspection has a mounting plate with exchangeable parts so as to fit into the various profiles of the vertical guiding tracks at the different pressure vessels. The robot is a versatile device also due to its variable cinematic equipment and thus can be used for any task hitherto performed by the available manipulators. For BWR pressure vessel testing, a novel, compact probe system equipped with five radiation assemblies has been combined with the ultrasonic SAPHIR probe. Until now, NDE of the RPV nozzles in BWRs has been carried out from the outside of the component. The newly developed manipulator of Siemens for inspection of the RPV nozzles can be moved to the nozzles either by manipulating arms or by a floating device, and is fixed to the nozzles by means of pneumatic suckers. Due to the modular design, probe arrays can be exchanged according to nozzle size or structural profiles to be tested. The mobile testing robot SISTAR for PWR pressure vessels consists of a floating cylinder platform that is moved under water to the target position by popellers or by ropes. It is self-adjusting for taking horizontal position and is held in position in the center of the RPV by means of a radial arrangement of legs automatically and synchronously extending from the robot. The platform can be equipped with one or two manipulator arms, depending on the testing task. (orig./CB) [Deutsch] Der von Siemens KWU neuentwickelte Pruefroboter fuer SWR-Reaktordruckbehaelter besitzt einen auswechselbaren Grundwagen, so dass er an die unterschiedlichen Profile der vertikalen Fuehrungsschienen in den einzelnen Kraftwerken angepasst werden kann. Er ist damit auch aufgrund seiner variablen Kinematik universell einsetzbar und kann saemtliche herkoemmliche Manipulatoren ersetzen. In Verbindung mit dem US-Pruefgeraet SAPHIR wurde fuer die SWR-Reaktordruckbehaelter ein neuartiges kompaktes Pruefkopfsystem mit fuenf

The use potential of aquifer thermal energy storage systems in Canada; Das Anwendungspotential fuer Aquiferwaermespeichersysteme in Kanada

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Cruickshanks, F. [Environment Canada, Dartmouth, ON (Canada); Morofski, E. [Government Services Canada, Ottawa, ON (Canada). Technology RD and D

1994-12-31

This paper offers a brief overview of the historical and technical aspects of aquifer thermal energy storage and its use potential in commercial buildings in Canada. Aquifer thermal energy storage systems are now attractive both for new commercial buildings in Canada and for some already existing ones. This holds true especially of the Atlantic region, where fuel costs are rising and electric power rates vary according to the time of day. The simple pay-back period for ATES systems is between zero and five years. The economic aspects of the use of ATES systems in buildings are pointed out. (orig./BWI) [Deutsch] Dieser Beitrag gibt eine kurze Uebersicht der historischen und technischen Aspekte der Waermespeicherung in Aquiferen und deren Verwendungspotential in kommerziellen Gebaeuden in Kanada. Aquiferwaermespeicherungssysteme sind nunmehr attraktiv sowohl fuer neue als auch fuer manche bereits bestehenden kommerziellen Gebaeude in Kanada. Dies gilt insbesondere fuer die atlantische Region wegen der dort steigenden Kosten fuer Brennstoffe und tageszeitabhaengigen fuer elektrischen Strom. Die einfache Amortisationszeit fuer ATES-Systeme liegt zwischen null und fuenf Jahren. Die wirtschaftlichen Gesichtspunkte des Einsatzes von ATES-Systemen in kommerziellen Gebaeuden werden angefuehrt. (orig./BWI)

Feasibility study for new ecolabels for the product group: Wood pellet firings. Final report; Machbarkeitsstudie fuer neue Umweltzeichen fuer die Produktgruppe: Holzpelletfeuerungen. Endbericht

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hoffmann, E.; Weiss, J.; Hirschl, B.

2002-07-01

This assessment is a feasibility study according to ISO 14024. It deals with the question whether an ecolabel is suitable for wood pellet heating systems and how concrete criteria for an ecolabel for wood pellet heating plants could be specified. The study begins with a comprehensive market analysis in order to identify possible plants for which an ecolabel would make sense. In the main part of the study, the environmental relevance of the chosen plants is analysed. For this analysis, plant manufacturers were interviewed and a comparison between wood pellet heating systems and heating systems which use gas, oil or wood was carried out. On the basis of this analysis, it was possible to derive a number of criteria which were discussed with company representatives and other experts in this field. As a result of this dialogue and the investigation process as a whole, the introduction of an ecolabel for wood pellet heating plants can be recommended. Wood pellet heating systems are characterized by their high level of automatation and the use of standardized fuels with constant high quality. Thus, they reach high combustion quality with low emission rates, and risks of misuse are minimized. They may contribute to the increased use of renewable energies and thereby to the achievement of climate protection goals. The proposed certification principles comprise requirements regarding (a) the efficient energy use (efficiency factor under partial load and nominal load, plant's supplementary energy consumption), (b) emission values for CO, NO{sub x}, dust and organic substances, (c) the offer of additional services, as well as (d) requirements with regard to the operating instructions. The transcription of the label is proposed as 'Ecolabel.. because low emission and energy-efficient'. (orig.) [German] Beim vorliegenden Gutachten handelt es sich um eine Machbarkeitsstudie nach ISO 14024. Es behandelt die Frage, ob ein Umweltzeichen fuer Holzpelletfeuerungen

Environmental policy. Resolution of the German Federal Government concerning the Air Pollution Abatement Programme of the Federal Republic of Germany based on the fourth report of the Interdepartmental Working Group on Carbon Dioxide Reduction (IMA `CO{sub 2} Reduction`); Umweltpolitik. Beschluss der Bundesregierung zum Klimaschutzprogramm der Bundesrepublik Deutschland auf der Basis des Vierten Berichts der Interministeriellen Arbeitsgruppe ``CO{sub 2}-Reduktion`` (IMA ``CO{sub 2}-Reduktion``)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1997-11-01

Air pollution abatement is a key issue in German environmental policy. This was stressed again in the 4th report of the Interdepartmental Working Group on Carbon Dioxide Reduction (IMA `CO{sub 2}-Reduktion`), in which the Federal Government confirmed its goal of a 25% reduction of carbon dioxide emissions by 2005 as referred to 1990. This report contains the government decision, the formulatio of the task assigned to the IMA, and the 4th report of the IMA. (orig./SR) [Deutsch] Klimavorsorge ist ein Schwerpunkt der deutschen Umweltpolitik. Dies hat das Bundeskabinett mit der Verabschiedung des 4. Berichts der Interministeriellen Arbeitsgruppe (IMA) ``CO{sub 2}-Reduktion`` nachdruecklich unterstrichen. Mit diesem Beschluss bekraeftigt die Bundesregierung erneut ihr Ziel, die CO{sub 2} Emissionen bis 2005 um 25 % gegenueber 1990 zu senken. Der vorliegende Bericht enthaelt den Beschluss, der Bundesregierung, den Auftrag der Bundesregierung an die Interministerielle Arbeitsgruppe (IMA) und den 4. Bericht der IMA ``CO{sub 2}-Reduktion``. (orig./SR)

Bundesanstalt fuer Strahlenschutz. Annual report 2013

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ebermann, Lutz

2014-01-01

The annual report 2013 of the Bundesamt fuer Strahlenschutz covers the following issues: from scientific research to preventive consumer protection, actual questions of radiation protection actual challenges in the frame of environmental radiation monitoring; radioactive waste disposal; actual questions on the safety of nuclear technology. The report includes a list of publications.

Part-turn gearboxes for electric actuators; Schwenkgetriebe fuer elektrische Stellantriebe

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Herbstritt, M. [Riester (W.) GmbH und Co. KG, Muellheim (Germany)

2002-09-01

Different types of gearboxes provide a useful complement to the electric actuator type ranges. The gearboxes can be combined with the actuators in many ways. Multi-turn actuators, for example, can be turned into part-turn actuators. When using a modular system, a suitable solution for almost any automation task in the field of industrial valves can be found. (orig.) [German] Sinnvoll ergaenzt werden elektrische Stellantriebe fuer Armaturen durch verschiedene Arten von Getrieben. Die Getriebe sind in vielfaeltiger Weise mit den Stellantrieben kombinierbar. So werden beispielsweise aus Drehantrieben Schwenkantriebe. Mit einem Baukasten-System laesst sich so fuer nahezu jede Automatisierungsaufgabe im Bereich der Industriearmaturen eine passende Loesung finden. (orig.)

Testing of corrosion resistant materials for evaporation plants for waste water from wet scrubbing of flue gas from power plants; Erprobung korrosionsbestaendiger Werkstoffe fuer Eindampfanlagen fuer Abwasser aus der Rauchgasreinigung von Grossfeuerungsanlagen

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Riedel, G. [Institut fuer Korrosionsschutz GmbH, Dresden (Germany); Stenner, F.; Brill, U. [Krupp-VDM GmbH, Werdohl (Germany)

2001-07-01

High alloyed superaustenitic steels and NiCrMo alloys are recommended in consequence of the results of extensive laboratory corrosion experiments under the strong corrosive conditions with up to 360 g chloride content at temperatures up to 85 C. Because results of laboratory corrosion tests are only of limited relevance to the behaviour in practice, field tests were carried out with immersion of welded materials and of heat exchanger tubes under operating conditions of an evaporation plant for waste water from flue gas desulphurization of a coal-fired power plant. Different kinds of high alloy superaustenitic steels and NiCrMo alloys were studied as TIG-welded specimens in immersion tests. (orig.) [German] Hochlegierte Sonderedelstaehle und NiCrMo-Legierungen empfehlen sich aufgrund der Ergebnisse umfassender Laboruntersuchungen unter den stark korrosiven Bedingungen fuer Eindampfanlagen fuer Abwasser aus der Nassreinigung von Rauchgasen von Grossfeuerungsanlagen mit bis zu 360 g/l Chloridgehalt und Temperaturen bis zu 85 C. Weil aber Ergebnisse von Laborpruefungen nur begrenzte Aussagefaehigkeit fuer das Verhalten unter Praxisbedingungen haben, wurden Feldversuche mit der Auslagerung geschweisster Werkstoffe und von Waermetauscherrohren unter Betriebsbedingungen einer Eindampfanlage fuer Abwasser aus der Rauchgasentschwefelung eines kohlebefeuerten Kraftwerks durchgefuehrt. (orig.)

Utilizing offshore potentials for wind power generation; Nutzung der Offshore-Potentiale fuer die Windenergie

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hannemann, H. [Neptun Industrie GmbH, Rostock (Germany)

2000-07-01

The contribution discusses the importance of the offshore market and recommends measures to develop it. A turnkey offer is required for exports, which means that all organisations cooperating in the pilot project must prove their competence. The status of a pilot project in the Baltic Sea and the further plans for the park (20 systems, 40 MW, more than 10 km off the coast, water depth about 20 m) are reviewed. [German] Zur Erschliessung des Offshore - Marktes fuer Windenergieanlagen ist es erforderlich, die Technologie ''vor der eigenen Haustuer'' demonstrieren zu koennen. Nach einer Betrachtung der europaeischen Offshore - Windenergie - Potentiale und der davon moeglicherweise nutzbaren Anteile wird die Bedeutung des Offshore - Marktes deutlich. Besonders fuer die Hersteller ist der Offshore - Markt fuer den langfristigen Export von besonderer Bedeutung. Um den Export zu realisieren, ist ein Turnkey - Angebot erforderlich, so dass im Pilotprojekt alle an der gesamten Realisation beteiligten Organisationen ihre Kompetenz beweisen muessen und koennen. Der Stand eines Pilotprojektes in der Ostsee und die weitere Planung fuer den Park (20 Anlagen, 40 MW, >10 km Kuestenentfernung, ca. 20 m Wassertiefe) wird dargestellt. (orig.)

Gesellschaft fuer Anlagen- und Reaktorsicherheit (GRS). Annual report 2013/14; Gesellschaft fuer Anlagen- und Reaktorsicherheit (GRS). Jahresbericht 2013/14

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2016-02-15

The annual report 2013/14 of the Gesellschaft fuer Anlagen- und Reaktorsicherheit (GRS) includes projects and key activities on the following issues: reactor safety, waste disposal, radiation protection, environmental protection and the support of foreign authorities and TSO. The project executing organizations, the governmental funding, share holding and subsidiaries are summarized.

Steam supply for the Principality of Liechtenstein. Process heat for industrial applications; Dampflieferung fuer das Fuerstentum Liechtenstein. Prozesswaerme fuer die Industrie

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Dokter, Ernst [VfA Buchs fuer Kraft-Waerme-Kopplung und das Ferndampfsystem, Buchs (Switzerland)

2009-07-15

Switzerland is leading the world in thermal waste management. There are 29 incinerators (KVA - Kehrichtverbrennungsanlagen) with a capacity of 3.7 million t.p.a. They are operated by industrial or municipal owners and by the Verein fuer Abfallentsorgung Buchs SG. (orig.)

Feasibility study for new ecolabels according to ISO 14024 (type 1) within the product group: wood pellet heating systems; Machbarkeitsstudie fuer neue Umweltzeichen fuer die Produktgruppe: Holzpelletfeuerungen

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hoffmann, E.; Weiss, J.; Hirschl, B. [Institut fuer Oekologische Wirtschaftsforschung (IOEW) gGmbH, Berlin (Germany)

2003-01-01

This assessment is a feasibility study according to ISO 14024. It deals with the question whether an ecolabel is suitable for wood pellet heating systems and how concrete criteria for an ecolabel for wood pellet heating plants could be specified. The study begins with a comprehensive market analysis in order to identify possible plants for which an ecolabel would make sense. In the main part of the study, the environmental relevance of the chosen plants is analysed. For this analysis, plant manufacturers were interviewed and a comparison between wood pellet heating systems and heating systems which use gas, oil or wood was carried out. On the basis of this analysis, it was possible to derive a number of criteria which were discussed with company representatives and other experts in this field. As a result of this dialogue and the investigation process as a whole, the introduction of an ecolabel for wood pellet heating plants can be recommended. Wood pellet heating systems are characterized by their high level of automatation and the use of standardized fuels with constant high quality. Thus, they reach high combustion quality with low emission rates, and risks of misuse are minimized. They may contribute to the increased use of renewable energies and thereby to the achievement of climate protection goals. The proposed certification principles comprise requirements regarding (a) the efficient energy use (efficiency factor under partial load and nominal load, plant's supplementary energy consumption), (b) emission values for CO, NO{sub x}, dust and organic substances, (c) the offer of additional services, as well as (d) requirements with regard to the operating instructions. The transcription of the label is proposed as 'Ecolabel.. because low emission and energy-efficient'. (orig.) [German] Beim vorliegenden Gutachten handelt es sich um eine Machbarkeitsstudie nach ISO 14024. Es behandelt die Frage, ob ein Umweltzeichen fuer Holzpelletfeuerungen

Macromolecular contrast media. A new approach for characterising breast tumors with MR-mammography; Makromolekulare Kontrastmittel fuer die MR-Mammographie. Ein neuer Ansatz fuer die Charakterisierung von Mammatumoren

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Daldrup, H.E. [Contrast Media Lab., Dept. of Radiology, California Univ., San Francisco, CA (United States)]|[Muenster Univ. (Germany). Inst. fuer Klinische Radiologie; Roberts, T.P.L.; Roberts, H.C. [Contrast Media Lab., Dept. of Radiology, California Univ., San Francisco, CA (United States)]|[Mainz Univ. (Germany). Klinik und Poliklinik fuer Radiologie; Muehler, A. [Contrast Media Lab., Dept. of Radiology, California Univ., San Francisco, CA (United States)]|[Berlex Laboratories, Wayne, NJ (United States); Gossmann, A. [Contrast Media Lab., Dept. of Radiology, California Univ., San Francisco, CA (United States)]|[Koeln Univ. (Germany). Inst. und Poliklinik fuer Radiologische Diagnostik; Wendland, M.; Brasch, R.C. [Muenster Univ. (Germany). Inst. fuer Klinische Radiologie; Rosenau, W. [California Univ., San Francisco, CA (United States). Dept. of Pathology

1997-09-01

The value of macromolecular contrast agents (MMCM) for the characterization of benign and malignant breast tumors will be demonstrated in this review. Animal studies suggest a high potential of MMCM to increase the specificity of MR-mammography. The concept of tumor differentiation is based on the pathological hyperpermeability of microvessels in malignant tumors. MMCM show a leak into the interstitium of carcinomas, whereas they are confined to the intravascular space in benign tumors. Capabilities and limitations of the MMCM-prototype. Albumin-Gd-DTPA, for breast tumor characterization will be summarized and compared to the standard low molecular weight contrast agent Gd-DTPA. Initial experience with new MMCM, such as Dendrimers, Gd-DTPA-Polylysine and MS-325 will be outlined. The potential of `blood-pool`-iron oxides, such as AMI-227 for the evaluation of tumor microvascular permeabilities will be discussed. (orig.) [Deutsch] Diese Uebersicht stellt den Stellenwert makromolekularer Kontrastmittel (MMKM) fuer die MR-tomographische Charakterisierung von benignen und malignen Mammatumoren dar. Aufgrund experimenteller Studien lassen MMKM eine signifikante Verbesserung der Spezifitaet der dynamischen kontrastmittelunterstuetzten MR-Mammographie erwarten. Das differentialdiagnostische Konzept beruht auf der pathologischen Hyperpermeabilitaet von Kapillaren in Karzinomen, die einen MMKM-Austritt in das Tumorinterstitium bedingt, waehrend die intakten Kapillaren benigner Tumoren nicht permeabel fuer MMKM sind. Diagnostische Moeglichkeiten und Grenzen des MMKM-Prototyps, Albumin-Gd-DTPA (92 kD), werden dargestellt und mit dem niedermolekularen Standard-Kontrastmittel Gd-DTPA (500 D) verglichen. Erste Erfahrungen mit neuen, fuer die klinische Anwendung optimierten MMKM-Praeparaten, wie das Kaskadenpolymer, Gd-DTPA-Polylysine und das MS-325 werden vorgestellt. Das Potential von Blood-pool-Eisenoxidpraeparaten, z.B. AMI-227, fuer die Bestimmung von

50. Annual meeting of the Deutsche Gesellschaft fuer Neuroradiologie. Abstracts

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

2015-01-01

The volume on the 50th annual meeting of the Deutsche Gesellschaft fuer Neuroradiologie includes the abstracts concerning the following issues: infectious central nervous system diseases, neurodegenerations, infarction, petrosal bone pathology, neurointerventions.

49. Annual meeting of the Deutsche Gesellschaft fuer Neuroradiologie. Abstracts

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

2014-01-01

The conference proceedings of the 48. Annual meeting of the Deutsche Gesellschaft fuer Neuroradiologie contain abstracts on the following issues: neuro-oncological imaging, multimodal imaging concepts, subcranial imaging, spinal codes, interventional neuroradiology.

Actively controlled current collector; Aktiv geregelter Stromabnehmer. Innovation fuer den schnellen Verkehr auf konventionellen Strecken

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Mueller, C.

2003-07-01

Deutsche Bahn is presently endeavouring to further improve the interaction between the overhead wire and the current collectors on its locomotives and trainsets. The major factors behind this initiative are cost, quality and noise prevention. The outcome is the development of a completely new type of current collector for high-speed operation even on conventional track. Prototypes have meanwhile undergone practical trials on the 200 km/h line from Augsburg to Donauwoerth. The new current collector is a single-arm pantograph jointly developed by DB and Bombardier Transportation. (orig.) [German] Die Deutsche Bahn versucht derzeit, das Zusammenspiel von Oberleitung und den Stromabnehmern ihrer Lokomotiven und Triebzuege weiter zu verbessern. Kosten, Qualitaet und Laermschutz sind dabei die wesentlichen Gruende. Sie haben zur Entwicklung eines voellig neuen Stromabnehmer-Typus speziell fuer den Hochgeschwindigkeitsverkehr auch auf konventionellen Strecken gefuehrt. Auf der Tempo-200-Strecke von Augsburg nach Donauwoerth absolvierten jetzt Prototypen erste Praxis-Tests. Es handelt sich um aktiv geregelte, akustisch optimierte Einholmstromabnehmer, gemeinsam entwickelt von DB und Bombardier Transportation. (orig.)

Energy revolution for Africa; Energierevolution fuer Afrika

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Gies, Erica

2017-07-01

Decreasing energy costs from renewable sources could enable many African countries to make the leap into a clean future. This would save the continent the detour via the classic dirty sources. [German] Sinkende Kosten fuer Energie aus erneuerbaren Quellen koennten vielen afrikanischen Laendern den Sprung in eine saubere Zukunft ermoeglichen. Damit wuerde sich der Kontinent den Umweg ueber die klassischen schmutzigen Quellen sparen.

Technology for the future; Technik fuer die Zukunft

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Dennenmoser, Martin; Steininger, Sebastian [Fraunhofer Institut fuer Solare Energiesysteme ISE, Freiburg im Breisgau (Germany). Electrical Energy Systems (EES)

2013-10-15

The presented case study by the Fraunhofer Institute ISE shows that the market for stationary electrochemical storage prices are currently too high for economical operation. In winter, a battery in Germany is not always fully loaded because of low sunlight. Therefore, the combination of a battery with a PV system at this time of year does not have enough full cycles to be economical. For more complete cycles of the year and consequently lower specific storage cost wind turbines or other power generators can be connected. Since - in contrast to lead acid batteries - there is no experience with long-term storage in lithium and redox flow batteries, this study is based on current forecasts. Compared to lithium-ion batteries, lead-acid and redox flow batteries have a lower efficiency, so that the investment costs of the battery must be lower because fewer savings can be achieved. Especially for short-term storage, the production costs must be reduced. The cost reduction potential of redox flow and lithium-ion batteries is due to the current technical state of development compared to lead acid batteries very high. This means that an economic operation in the future is possible with constant development of electricity and battery prices. [German] Die vorgestellte Fallstudie des Fraunhofer Instituts ISE zeigt, dass die Marktpreise fuer stationaere elektrochemische Speicher aktuell fuer einen wirtschaftlichen Betrieb zu hoch sind. Im Winter wird eine Batterie in Deutschland aufgrund der niedrigen Sonneneinstrahlung nicht immer komplett geladen. Daher hat die Kombination eines Speichers mit einer PV-Anlage zu dieser Jahreszeit nicht genug Vollzyklen, um wirtschaftlich zu sein. Fuer mehr Vollzyklen im Jahr und demzufolge geringere spezifische Speicherkosten koennen Windkraftanlagen oder andere Stromerzeuger angeschlossen werden. Da es- im Gegensatz zu Bleisaeure- Batterien - noch keine Erfahrung mit Langzeitspeichern im Bereich Lithium und Redox-Flow gibt, beruht diese

High-resolution gamma spectroscopy with whole-body and partial-body counters. Experience, recommendations. Report; Hochaufloesende Gamma-Spektrometrie an Ganz- und Teilkoerperzaehlern. Erfahrungen, Empfehlungen. Bericht

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sahre, P. [comp.

1997-12-01

The application of high-resolution gamma spectroscopy with whole-body and partial-body counters shows a steadily rising upward trend over the last few years. This induced the ``Arbeitskreis Inkorporationsueberwachung`` of the association ``Fachverband fuer Strahlenschutz e.V.`` to organise a meeting for joint elaboration of a guide on recommended applications of this measuring technique, based on a review of existing experience and results. A key item on the agenda of the meeting was the comparative evaluation of the Ge semiconductor detector and the NaI solid scintillation detector. (orig./CB) [Deutsch] Der Einsatz der hochaufloesenden Gammaspektroskopie in Ganz- und Teilkoerperzaehlern hat in den letzten Jahren stetig zugenommen. Der ``Arbeitskreis Inkorporationsueberwachung`` des Fachverbandes fuer Strahlenschutz e.V. hat darum bisherige Erfahrungen zusammengetragen und Empfehlungen fuer den Einsatz dieser Messtechnik erarbeitet. Der Schwerpunkt der Tagung lag beim Vergleich von Germaniumhalbleiter- mit Natriumjodid-Festszintillationsdetektoren.Tl-Detektoren eignen sich v.a. beim Vorhandensein bekannter und zeitlich konstanter Nuklidvektoren (Kernkraftwerke, Nuklearmedizin). Bei unbekanntem bzw. variablem Nuklidvektor (Stoerfall, Unfall, Forschung) sollen Ge-Detektoren benutzt werden (orig./ABI)

Prevalence of inter-arm blood pressure difference among clinical out-patients.

Science.gov (United States)

Sharma, Balkishan; Ramawat, Pramila

2016-04-01

An increased inter-arm blood pressure difference is an easily determined physical finding, may use as an indicator of cardio vascular event and other sever diseases. Authors evaluated 477 patients to determine the prevalence and significance of inter-arm blood pressure difference. 477 routine outdoor patients selected to observe the inter-arm blood pressure difference. Age, height, weight, body mass index, history of disease and blood pressure recorded. The prevalence of ≥10 mmHg systolic inter-arm blood pressure difference was 5.0% was more as compared to 3.8% had diastolic inter-arm blood pressure difference. The prevalence of systolic and diastolic inter-arm difference between 6 to 10 mmHg was 31.4% and 27.9% respectively. Mean systolic inter-arm blood pressure difference was significantly higher among those patients had a multisystem disorder (10.57±0.98 mmHg) and followed by patients with cardiovascular disease (10.22±0.67 mmHg) as compared to healthy patients (2.71±0.96 mmHg). Various diseases highly influenced the increase in blood pressure irrespective of systolic or diastolic was confirmed strongly significant (pdifferent inter arm blood pressure difference levels. This study supports the view of inter-arm blood pressure difference as an alarming stage of increased disease risk that incorporated to investigate potential problems at an early diagnostic stage. A significant mean difference between left and right arm blood pressure recorded for many diseases.

EMUs for the Oeresund link; Elektrische Triebzuege fuer die Oeresundverbindung

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bengtsson, J.E. [Bombardier Transportation GmbH, Vaesteraas (Sweden)

2001-07-01

Danish and Swedish Railways jointly purchased new EMUs type Contessa for the Oresund Link, starting operation in summer 2000. By high acceleration the three car electric multiple units reach a top speed of 180 km/h. Several EMUs can be coupled quickly to the Flexfrontsystem technology. Further special features are equipments for two different line voltages as well as for two signalling and automatic train control systems and a low floor part. (orig.) [German] Die daenische und die schwedische Eisenbahn haben gemeinsam fuer die Oresund-Verbindung neue dreiteilige Triebzuege Contessa beschafft und im Sommer 2000 in Betrieb genommen. Die elektrischen Triebzuege erreichen mit hoher Beschleunigung 180 km/h Hoechstgeschwindigkeit und koennen dank des Flexfrontsystems schnell zu mehreren gekuppelt werden. Weitere Merkmale sind die Ausruestungen fuer zwei Fahrleitungsspannungen, zwei Signal- und Zugbeeinflussungssysteme sowie ein Niederflurbereich. (orig.)

Significance of CT analysis of regional lymph node metastases in colorectal cancer; Bedeutung der CT fuer die Beurteilung regionaerer Lymphknotenmetastasen bei kolorektalen Karzinomen

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Gomille, T.; Christ, F. [Duesseldorf Univ. (Germany). Abt. fuer Radiologie und Nuklearmedizin; Aleksic, M.; Ulrich, B. [Krankenhaus Gerresheim (Germany). Chirurgische Klinik

1998-12-01

Purpose: For preoperative staging of colorectal cancer a CT scan is frequently performed. This report examines the sensitivity of CT for regional lymph node metastasis of colorectal cancer using different criteria. Materials and methods: Preoperative CT scans of 153 patients with colorectal cancer were analyzed using different criteria for N1. The results were then compared to the postoperative histological findings. Results: For N1=lymph nodes (LN)>1 cm the sensitivity was 47%. For N1=LN>1 cm or an increased number of LN<1 cm the sensitivity was 71%. In patients with a primary tumor seen on CT, sensitivity rose to 87%. Discussion: Evidence of regional nodal metastatic disease is only relevant for rectal cancer, colon polyps, and for locally excised tumors when considering present surgical concepts for the treatment of colorectal cancer. In these cases CT analysis using the broadened criteria for N1 proposes a valuable argument regarding possible preoperative radiotherapy or an operative revision. (orig.) [Deutsch] Die Sensitivitaet fuer den Nachweis regionaerer Lymphknotenmetastasen kolorektaler Karzinome wurde unter Anwendung verschiedener Kriterien fuer das N1-Stadium an Patienten mit histologisch gesichertem Lymphknotenbefund untersucht. Fuer das Kriterium N1=Lymphknoten (LK)>1 cm betrug die Sensitivitaet 47%. Fuer N1=LK>1 cm/vermehrte Anzahl LK<1 cm war sie 71%, bei erkennbarem Primaertumor sogar 87%. Unter Beruecksichtigung der derzeit geltenden operativen Therapiekonzepte ist der Nachweis von regionaeren Lymphknotenmetastasen nur bei Rektumkarzinom bzw. fuer Kolonpolypen oder fuer lokal exzidierte Karzinome fuer das therapeutische Vorgehen relevant. In diesen Faellen leistet die CT mit den erweiterten Kriterien fuer ein N1-Stadium trotz hoeherer falsch-positiver Raten eine wertvolle Hilfestellung fuer die Entscheidung ueber eine neoadjuvante Bestrahlung oder eine Nachresektion. (orig.)

Qualification of the nuclear reactor core model DYN3D coupled to the thermohydraulic system code ATHLET, applied as an advanced tool for accident analysis of VVER-type reactors. Final report; Qualifizierung des Kernmodells DYN3D im Komplex mit dem Stoerfallcode ATHLET als fortgeschrittenes Werkzeug fuer die Stoerfallanalyse von WWER-Reaktoren. T. 1. Abschlussbericht

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Grundmann, U.; Kliem, S.; Krepper, E.; Mittag, S; Rohde, U.; Schaefer, F.; Seidel, A.

1998-03-01

The nuclear reactor core model DYN3D with 3D neutron kinetics has been coupled to the thermohydraulic system code ATHLET. In the report, activities on qualification of the coupled code complex ATHLET-DYN3D as a validated tool for the accident analysis of russian VVER type reactors are described. That includes: - Contributions to the validation of the single codes ATHLET and DYN3D by the analysis of experiments on natural circulation behaviour in thermohydraulic test facilities and solution of benchmark tasks on reactivity initiated transients, - the acquisition and evaluation of measurement data on transients in nuclear power plants, the validation of ATHLET-DYN3D by calculating an accident with delayed scram and a pump trip in VVER plants, - the complementary improvement of the code DYN3D by extension of the neutron physical data base, implementation of an improved coolant mixing model, consideration of decay heat release and xenon transients, - the analysis of steam leak scenarios for VVER-440 type reactors with failure of different safety systems, investigation of different model options. The analyses showed, that with realistic coolant mixing modelling in the downcomer and the lower plenum, recriticality of the scramed reactor due to overcooling can be reached. The application of the code complex ATHLET-DYN3D in Czech Republic, Bulgaria and the Ukraine has been started. Future work comprises the verification of ATHLET-DYN3D with a DYN3D version for the square fuel element geometry of western PWR. (orig.) [Deutsch] Das Reaktorkernmodell DYN3D mit 3D Neutronenkinetik wurde an den Thermohydraulik-Systemcode ATHLET angekoppelt. Im vorliegenden Bericht werden Arbeiten zur Qualifizierung des gekoppelten Codekomplexes zu einem validierten Hilfsmittel fuer Stoerfallablaufanalysen zu Reaktoren des russischen Typs WWER dargestellt. Diese umfassten im einzelnen: - Beitraege zur Validierung der Einzelcodes ATHLET und DYN3D anhand der Nachrechnung von Experimenten zum

Particle Reduction Strategies - PAREST. Energy scenarios for PAREST. Sub-report; Strategien zur Verminderung der Feinstaubbelastung - PAREST. Energieszenarien fuer PAREST. Teilbericht

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Joerss, Wolfram; Degel, Melanie [Institut fuer Zukunftsstudien und Technologiebewertung gGmbH (IZT), Berlin (Germany)

2013-06-15

In the research project PAREST emission scenarios to 2020 for particulate matter (PM{sub 10} und PM{sub 2,5}), and aerosol precursors SO{sub 2}, NO{sub x}, NH{sub 3} and NMVOC were prepared for Germany and Europe, mitigation measures evaluated and the results used to model the PM pollution load for Germany. In this part of the report to PAREST energy scenarios used for PAREST are presented. [German] Im Forschungsvorhaben PAREST wurden Emissionsszenarien bis 2020 fuer Feinstaub (PM{sub 10} und PM{sub 2,5}) und die Aerosol-Vorlaeufersubstanzen SO{sub 2}, NO{sub x}, NH{sub 3} und NMVOC fuer Deutschland und Europa erstellt, Minderungsmassnahmen evaluiert und daraus die PM-Immissionsbelastung fuer Deutschland modelliert. In diesem Teilbericht zu PAREST werden die fuer PAREST benutzten Energieszenarien vorgestellt.

Gesellschaft fuer Anlagen- und Reaktorsicherheit (GRS). Annual report 2010/2011; Gesellschaft fuer Anlagen- und Reaktorsicherheit (GRS). Jahresbericht 2010/2011

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2011-07-01

The annual report 2010/11 of the Gesellschaft fuer Anlagen- und Reaktorsicherheit (GRS) covers the following topics: organization, corporate development and public relations; reactor accident in Fukushima; Projects and work priorities (reactor safety; waste management; radiation and environmental protection; international projects); project management and project support; equity participations and subsidiaries (RISKAUDIT IRSN/GRS International; institute for safety technologies (ISTec), European Nuclear Safety Training and Tutoring Institute (ENSTTI)).

Weser river water quality report 2003. Flussgebietsgemeinschaft Weser; Flussgebietsgemeinschaft Weser. Weserguetebericht 2003

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2004-08-01

Zustandekommen des Berichtes beteiligt waren. Im Weserguetebericht 2003 werden die fuer das Verstaendnis notwendigen Hintergrundinformationen zu den Untersuchungsprogrammen und den darin enthaltenen Kenngroessen gegeben und die Wasserqualitaet anhand von ausgewaehlten Darstellungen parameterspezifisch diskutiert. Die Art der Praesentation ist nicht nur auf den wissenschaftlich-technischen Bedarf von Fachdienststellen und Hochschulen ausgerichtet, sondern auch fuer den interessierten Leser nachvollziehbar. (orig.)

Bundesamt fuer Strahlenschutz. Annual report 1992

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

1993-08-01

The progress report submitted by Bundesamt fuer Strahlenschutz reveals that this federal radiation protection agency is not only entrusted with the fulfillment of the federal administrative tasks imposed by law but engages in applications-oriented research regarding the operational, metrological and health-related aspects of radiation protection, regarding nuclear safety and radioactive waste management. In addition, BfS takes care of public-relations tasks. The reports submitted by the BfS departments are completed by summaries of the main research results. (orig.) [de

Integral energy concepts for office and residential buildings; Integrale Energiekonzepte fuer Buero- und Wohngebaeude

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Velten, W.

1998-06-01

It has been confirmed by practical project experience that integral energy concepts are an excellent basis for the construction of energy-efficient buildings. In the extreme case buildings can even be self-sufficient in their energy supply. Uniting the responsibility for the overall energy and technology concept in the hands of a single contractor can help reduce frictional losses between those involved in the planning as well costs. A good example of this is the use of a simulation calculation for the prescribed demonstration of proper heat insulation. The presented projects show that it is possible to construct ecologically answerable buildings at attractively low costs. The presented concepts appear particularly convincing from the viewpoint of long-term maintenance of value and user-specific advantages such as agreeable working conditions. [Deutsch] Die konkreten Projekterfahrungen bestaetigen, dass durch integrale Energiekonzepte sowohl im Verwaltungs- als auch im Wohnungsbau hervorragende Voraussetzungen fuer energiesparende Gebaeude geschaffen werden koennen. Im Extremfall kann sogar eine autarke Energieversorgung erreicht werden. Durch Zusammenfassung der Gesamtverantwortung fuer das Energie- und Technikkonzept in einer Hand koennen Reibungsverluste zwischen den Planungsbeteiligten reduziert und Kosten gesenkt werden. Ein Beispiel hierfuer ist die Verbindung des vorgeschriebenen Waermeschutznachweises mit einer fuer alle Beteiligten wesentlich aussagekraeftigeren Simulationsrechnung. Die vorgestellten Projekte zeigen, dass oekologisch sinnvolle Gebaeude auch zu oekonomisch attraktiven Kosten erstellt werden koennen, wobei insbesondere der Aspekt des langfristigen Werterhalts und die nutzerspezifischen Vorteile, z.B. durch angenehmere Arbeitsbedingungen, fuer die vorgestellten Konzepte spricht. (orig.)

The Institut for Mining - Chair in the Theory of Mining Methods and Operations at Clausthal Technological University; Das Institut fuer Bergbau - Professur fuer Bergbauliche Verfahrens- und Betriebslehre der TU Clausthal

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Knissel, W.; Mischo, H. [Technische Univ. Clausthal, Clausthal-Zellerfeld (Germany). Inst. fuer Bergbau

2002-09-05

The Chair in the Theory of Mining Methods and Operations (Deep Mines) at the Institute for Mining at Clausthal Technological University deals with the theory of and research into underground extraction of solid mineral raw materials. With the concentration and concentration of the German mining industry the department has focussed more attention on foreign mining industries and utilisation of the earth's crust in general. The extractive mining industry is augmented by the underground utilisation of cavities for disposal purposes and for infrastructural tasks. Accordingly the courses offered have been extended towards environmental protection and geotechnics. In particular basic research in the field of disposal in mines has become one of the main areas of research in the department not least of all because of the financing from public funds. Theory, research and further training now cover underground extraction in mines, disposal in mines and rehabilitation of contaminated industrial sites. (orig.) [German] Die Proffesur fuer Bergbauliche Verfahrens- und Betriebslehre (Tiefbau) am Institut fuer Bergbau der TU Clausthal befasst sich in Lehre und Forschung mit der untertaegigen Gewinnung von festen mineralischen Rohstoffen. Mit dem Rueckgang und der Konzentration des deutschen Bergbaus hat sich der Lehrstuhl staerker dem Auslandsbergbau und allgemein der Erdkrustennutzung zugewandt. Der Gewinnungsbergbau findet seine Ergaenzung in der untertaegigen Nutzung von Hohlraeumen fuer Entsorgungszwecke und fuer Infrastrukturaufgaben. Dementsprechend ist das Studienangebot in Richtung Umweltschutz und Geotechnik erweitert worden. Insbesondere die Grundlagenforschung auf dem Gebiet des Entsorgungsbergbaus ist zu einem Forschungsschwerpunkt des Lehrstuhls geworden, nicht zuletzt aufgrund der Finanzierung aus oeffentlichen Mitteln. Lehre, Forschung und Weiterbildung decken heute den untertaegigen Gewinnungsbergbau, den Entsorgungsbergbau sowie die Sanierung von

Use of process observers at sewage treatment plants; Einsatz von Prozessbeobachtern fuer Klaeranlagen

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Jumar, U.; Alex, J. [Institut fuer Kommunikation und Automation e.V. Magdeburg (IFAK), Barleben (Germany); Rosenwinkel, K.H.; Obenaus, F. [Hannover Univ. (Germany). Inst. fuer Siedlungswasserwirtschaft und Abfalltechnik

1999-07-01

The paper describes the use of online simulation for prognosticating plant behaviour, training plant operators, and for obtaining state data not to be obtained otherwise. Whereas, for the mathematical modelling of the process, the established approaches Activated Sludge Model (ASM) 1 and 2 could be reverted to, new methodics needed to be developed for continuous model tracking in order to solve the conflict between a large number of parameters in the model and scarce online measuring data on the spot. The result is a practicable solution which harnesses available knowledge concerning the significance of suitable parameters for model adaptation. First of all, essential demands on and objectives of a process observer for sewage treatment plants are elaborated. Then a software system is described with reference to successful pilot installations which permits model-based process control and remote monitoring of sewage treatment plant. (orig.) [German] Der Beitrag beschreibt die Nutzung der Online-Simulation fuer die Prognose des Anlagenverhaltens, das Training der Anlagenfahrer und die Gewinnung ansonsten nicht messbarer Zustandsinformationen. Waehrend fuer die mathematische Modellierung des Prozesses auf die etablierten Ansaetze ASM 1 und 2 (Activated Sludge Model) zurueckgegriffen werden konnte, musste fuer die laufende Modellnachfuehrung eine neue Methodik entwickelt werden, um den Konflikt zwischen grosser Parameteranzahl im Modell und geringer Online-Messinformation vor Ort zu loesen. Das Ergebnis ist eine praktikable Loesung, die das vorhandene Wissen um die Signifikanz zur Modellanpassung geeigneter Parameter ausnutzt. In den folgenden Ausfuehrungen werden zunaechst wesentliche Anforderungen und Zielstellungen eines Prozessbeobachters fuer Klaeranlagen herausgearbeitet. Unter Bezugnahme auf erfolgreiche Pilotinstallationen wird anschliessend ein Software-System vorgestellt, das eine modellgestuetzte Betriebsfuehrung und Fernueberwachung von Klaeranlagen

Power electronics for local fuel cell/-battery plants; Leistungselektronik fuer dezentrale Brennstoffzellen/-Batterieanlagen

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Krykunov, Oleksandr

2009-10-13

With their high efficiency and modular structure, fuel cells are an attractive option for decentral power supply. An important component of decentral power supply systems is the power-electronic control element for supply of electric power from the fuel cell to the three-phase electricity grid. Control elements can be constructed of a unidirectional DC/DC converter with a current inverter connnected in series. The investigation focused on the development of the DC/DC converter with minimum constructional and control requirements and optimum adaption of the DC/DC converter to the characteristics of the fuel cell. (orig.) [German] Die Brennstoffzelle stellt mit ihrem hohen Wirkungsgrad und ihrem modularen Aufbau eine attraktive Option fuer die Verwendung in einem dezentralen Energieversorgungssystem dar. Eine wichtige Komponente des dezentralen Energieversorgungssystems sind die leistungselektronischen Stellglieder fuer die Einspeisung der elektrischen Energie aus der Brennstoffzelle in das dreiphasige Netz. Die leistungselektronischen Stellglieder koennen aus einem undirektionalen DC/DC-Wandler und einem nachgeschalteten Wechselrichter realisiert werden. Die Entwicklung des DC/DC-Wandlers mit einem moeglichst geringeren Bauelemente- und Steuerungsaufwand fuer diese leistungselektronischen Stellglieder und die Anpassung des DC/DC-Wandlers an die Eigenschaften der Brennstoffzelle war das Ziel dieser Arbeit. (orig.)

Pleading for a rational energy policy; Fuer eine aufgeklaerte Energiepolitik

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Tillessen, U. [Colenco Power Consulting AG, Baden (Switzerland)

1999-09-01

To the argument that the long half-life values of the most important products of fission represent an unacceptable burden for coming generations, the author retorts that this is an emotion-directed pseudo-argument. Anyone who ventures into deep geological strata, such as the final storage area Konrad, should also count in terms of geological periods. From this point of view, a million years - however difficult to imagine for the average human being - is not a very long time. Toxic chemical waste is accepted by society, even if the toxicity should remain for all time. The article is an extract from a lecture given by the author to the Franco-German Society for Science and Technology. (orig.) [German] Dem Argument, die langen Halbwertszeiten der wichtigsten Spaltprodukte beinhalte eine nicht zu verantwortende Belastung fuer die nachfolgenden Generationen, haelt Autor Tillessen entgegen, dass dies ein auf Emotionen abzielendes Scheinargument sei. Wer sich, wie zum Beispiel beim Endlager Konrad, in tiefe geologische Schichten begebe, duerfe auch in geologischen Zeitraeumen rechnen. Und da sei eine Million Jahre, so wenig vorstellbar das auch fuer den Durchschnitts-Menschen sei, eben keine allzulange Zeit. Chemische Giftabfaelle wuerden von der Gesellschaft akzeptiert, obwohl ihre Toxitaet ewig waehre. Der Beitrag des Autors ist ein Auszug aus einer Rede, die er vor der Deutsch-Franzoesischen Gesellschaft fuer Wissenschaft und Technik gehalten hat. Aus diesem Anlass hatte Tillessen vorgeschlagen, ein von einer Stiftung getragenes deutsch-franzoesisches Institut zu gruenden, dessen Aufgabe es sein soll, mit mehr Rationalitaet die von teutonischer Romantik dominierte Technikdiskussion zu versachlichen. (orig.)

A DICOM based PACS for nuclear medicine; Ein DICOM-basiertes PACS fuer die Nuklearmedizin

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lassmann, M.; Reiners, C. [Wuerzburg Univ. (Germany). Klinik und Poliklinik fuer Nuklearmedizin

2002-02-01

The installation of a radiology information system (RIS) connected to a hospital information system (HIS) and a picture archiving and communications system (PACS) seems mandatory for a nuclear medicine department in order to guarantee a high patient throughput. With these systems a fast transmission of reports, images to the in- and out-patients' wards and private practitioners is realized. Therefore, since April 2000, at the department of nuclear medicine of the university of Wuerzburg a completely DICOM based PACS has been implemented in addition to the RIS. With this system a DICOM based workflow is realized throughout the department of nuclear medicine for reporting and archiving. The PACS is connected to six gamma-cameras, a PET scanner, a bone densitometry system and an ultrasound device. The volume of image data archived per month is 4 GByte. Patient demographics are provided to the modalities via DICOM-Worklist. With these PACS components a department specific archive purely based on DICOM can be realized. During the installation process problems occurred mainly because of the complex DICOM standard for nuclear medicine. Related to that is the problem that most of the software implementations still contain bugs or are not adapted to the needs of a nuclear medicine department (particularly for PET). A communication software for the distribution of nuclear medicine reports and images based on techniques used for the worldwide web is currently tested. (orig.) [German] Fuer eine nuklearmedizinische Klinik ist ein Klinikinformationssystem (KIS) gekoppelt mit einem Radiologieinformationssystem (RIS) sowie einem Bildarchivierungs- und Verteilungssystem (PACS) unabdingbar, um einen schnellen Patientendurchsatz sowie die zeitnahe Uebermittlung von Befunden inklusive nuklearmedizinischen Bildern an zuweisende Stationen, Ambulanzen und externe Zuweiser zu gewaehrleisten. Daher wurde im April 2000 an der Klinik und Poliklinik fuer Nuklearmedizin der Universitaet

ARM-based visual processing system for prosthetic vision.

Science.gov (United States)

Matteucci, Paul B; Byrnes-Preston, Philip; Chen, Spencer C; Lovell, Nigel H; Suaning, Gregg J

2011-01-01

A growing number of prosthetic devices have been shown to provide visual perception to the profoundly blind through electrical neural stimulation. These first-generation devices offer promising outcomes to those affected by degenerative disorders such as retinitis pigmentosa. Although prosthetic approaches vary in their placement of the stimulating array (visual cortex, optic-nerve, epi-retinal surface, sub-retinal surface, supra-choroidal space, etc.), most of the solutions incorporate an externally-worn device to acquire and process video to provide the implant with instructions on how to deliver electrical stimulation to the patient, in order to elicit phosphenized vision. With the significant increase in availability and performance of low power-consumption smart phone and personal device processors, the authors investigated the use of a commercially available ARM (Advanced RISC Machine) device as an externally-worn processing unit for a prosthetic neural stimulator for the retina. A 400 MHz Samsung S3C2440A ARM920T single-board computer was programmed to extract 98 values from a 1.3 Megapixel OV9650 CMOS camera using impulse, regional averaging and Gaussian sampling algorithms. Power consumption and speed of video processing were compared to results obtained to similar reported devices. The results show that by using code optimization, the system is capable of driving a 98 channel implantable device for the restoration of visual percepts to the blind.

Bundesanstalt fuer Martialforschung und -pruefung (BAM). Annual report 2001; Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM). Jahresbericht 2001

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2001-07-01

The volume reports the activities of the BAM, (Federal Office for Materials Research and Testing), and its departments for Analytical Chemistry/Reference Materials, Chemical Safety Engineering, Hazardous Materials Containment, Environmental Compatibility of Materials, Technology of Structural Materials, Polymers, Structural Stability and Safety, Materials Protection/Nondestructive Testing, and for Scientific-Technical Interdisciplinary Activities. (MM) [German] Der vorliegende Band berichtet ueber die Aktivitaeten der Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung und ihrer Abteilungen Analytische Chemie/Referenzmaterialien, Chemische Sicherheitstechnik, Gefahrgutumschliessungen, Umweltvertraeglichkeit von Materialien, Werkstofftechnik der Konstruktionswerkstoffe, Funktion von Polymeren, Bauwerkssicherheit, Materialschutz/Zerstoerungsfreie Pruefung und Technisch-wissenschaftliche Querschnittsfunktionen. (MM)

Adaptive real-time models of vehicle dynamics; Adaptive Echtzeitmodelle fuer die Kraftfahrzeugdynamik

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Halfmann, C.; Holzmann, H.; Isermann, R. [Technische Univ. Darmstadt (Germany). Inst. fuer Automatisierungstechnik; Hamann, C.D.; Simm, N. [Opel (A.) AG, Ruesselsheim (Germany). Gruppe Chassis und Fahrerassistenzsysteme

1999-12-01

The application of modern simulation tools offering additional support during the vehicle development process is accepted to a large extent by most car manufacturers. Just like new model-based control strategies, these simulation investigations require very accurate - and thus very complex - models of vehicle dynamics, which can be processed in real time. As an example of such a vehicle model, this article describes a real-time vehicle simulation model which was developed at the Institute of Automatic Control at Darmstadt University of Technology, in co-operation with the ITDC of the Adam OPEL AG. By applying modern adaptation techniques, this vehicle model is able to calculate onboard the important variables describing the actual driving state even if the environmental conditions change. (orig.) [German] Der Einsatz von Simulationswerkzeugen zur Unterstuetzung der Fahrzeugentwicklung hat sich bei den meisten Automobilherstellern weitgehend durchgesetzt. Ebenso wie neuartige modellbasierte Regelstrategien verlangen diese Simulationsuntersuchungen nach immer exakteren - und damit komplexeren - fahrdynamischen Modellen, die in Echtzeit ausgewertet werden. Als Beispiel fuer ein solches Gesamtfahrzeugmodell beschreibt dieser Beitrag ein echtzeitfaehiges Modell fuer die Bewegung des Fahrzeugs um alle drei Hauptachsen, das am Institut fuer Automatisierungstechnik der TU Darmstadt in Kooperation mit dem Internationalen Technischen Entwicklungszentrum (ITEZ) der Adam Opel AG entwickelt wurde. Es ist durch den Einsatz von Adaptionsmethoden in der Lage, wichtige fahrdynamische Zustandsgroessen im Fahrzeug auch unter veraenderlichen Umgebungsbedingungen zu ermitteln. (orig.)

Communicating to gain public acceptance of energy projects; Akzeptanzkommunikation fuer Energieprojekte

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Pust, M. [TECSOL GmbH, Friedeburg (Germany)

2014-07-01

Whoever plans to execute energy projects in today's world should be aware of the fact that the social framework conditions surrounding such projects have changed significantly. For the organization executing the project to merely adhere to the legally prescribed authorization procedure and leave it until the end of the planning procedure to inform those affected is often no longer sufficient for gaining public acceptance. Large parts of the population criticise the usual procedures because they have lost confidence in this kind of decision making, which offers them too little scope for co-determination. Thus for some years there has been a growing number of cases where citizens demand full public participation and early information on why the project in question is needed and what kinds of impact it will have. Lack of acceptance can lead to resistance, with negative effects on the project and the companies involved. TECSOL takes care of the communication management alongside energy projects, taking its bearings by the existing standards for voluntary early information of the public, as recommended by the VDI (Guideline 7001) and required by the legislature (PlVereinhG = Law for Improvement of Public Participation and Harmonisation of Plan Approval Procedures). The lecture outlines the societal challenges involved as well as the possibilities for dealing fairly with demands of the population in the context of energy projects. This is illustrated using the model case of the ''Etzel cultural landscape'' as a practical example, in which TECSOL played a prominent role on behalf of IVG Caverns GmbH. [German] Wer heute Energieprojekte umsetzen will, muss sich im Klaren darueber sein, dass sich die gesellschaftlichen Rahmenbedingungen stark veraendert haben. Es reicht fuer die Akzeptanz des Vorhabens haeufig nicht mehr aus, dass ein Vorhabentraeger den rechtlich vorgegebenen Weg des Genehmigungsprozesses beschreitet und die betroffenen Buerger erst

A guide for implementation of the European Pollutant Emission Register (EPER) in Germany; Leitfaden zur Umsetzung des Europaeischen Schadstoffemissionsregisters (EPER) in Deutschland

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kuehne, C.; Striegel, G.

2001-10-01

The report presents specifications for implementing the European Pollutant Emission Register (EPER) in Germany. [German] Gemaess Artikel 15 (3) der Richtlinie 96/61/EG ueber die integrierte Vermeidung und Verminderung der Umweltverschmutzung ('IVU-Richtlinie') veroeffentlicht die Kommission alle drei Jahre ein Verzeichnis der wichtigsten Emissionen und ihrer Quellen anhand der von den Mitgliedstaaten uebermittelten Informationen. Fuer die Mitgliedstaaten ergibt sich hieraus die Verpflichtung, die erforderlichen Daten zu erheben, auszuwerten und der Europaeischen Kommission zu berichten. In der Entscheidung der Kommission vom 17. Juli 2000 ueber den Aufbau eines Europaeischen Schadstoffemissionsregisters (EPER- 'European Pollutant Emission Register') 2000/479/EG ('EPER-Entscheidung') werden die Anforderungen an Inhalt und Form dieses Verzeichnisses konkretisiert: - Die Mitgliedstaaten berichten der Kommission ueber die Emissionen in die Luft und in das Wasser aus einzelnen Betriebseinrichtungen. Zu berichten sind die Emissionen bestimmter Schadstoffe, die ueber vorgegebenen Schwellenwerten liegen. Das Berichtsformat fuer die Mitgliedstaaten ist im Anhang A2 der EPER-Entscheidung festgelegt. - Der erste Bericht ist im Juni 2003 vorzulegen und soll Angaben ueber Emissionen im Jahr 2001 (bzw. wahlweise 2000 oder 2002) enthalten. Jeder Mitgliedstaat muss zudem einen zusammenfassenden nationalen Uebersichtsbericht erstellen. - Die Europaeische Kommission wird die Emissionsdaten ueber das Internet der Oeffentlichkeit zugaenglich machen. Fuer die Erhebung der fuer das EPER erforderlichen Daten in Deutschland wird ein schrittweises Vorgehen empfohlen: - Am Anfang steht die Identifizierung von Betriebseinrichtungen mit Taetigkeiten nach Anhang I der IVU-Richtlinie. - Angabe des NACE-Kodes der Betriebseinrichtung und Zuordnung der Anhang I-Taetigkeiten (Quellenkategorie) und des NOSE-P-Kodes gemaess Anhang A3 der EPER-Entscheidung. - Festlegung

Contributions on biomedical imaging, with a side-look at molecular imaging; Beitraege zur biomedizinischen Bildgebung mit einem Seitenblick auf Molecular Imaging

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Winkler, G. (ed.)

2004-05-01

This report is intended as a brief introduction to the emerging scientific field of biomedical imaging. The breadth of the subject is shown and future fields of research are indicated, which hopefully will serve as a guide to the identification of starting points for the research in 'Biomedical and/or Molecular Imaging' at the GSF-National Research Center for Environment and Health. The report starts with a brief sketch of the history. Then a - necessarily incomplete - list of research topics is presented. It is organized in two parts: the first one addresses medical imaging, and the second one is concerned with biological point aspects of the matter. (orig.) [German] In diesem Bericht sind einige Beitraege zum Gebiet 'Bildgebende Verfahren in Biologie und Medizin' zusammengestellt. Sie stammen saemtlich aus dem Institut fuer Biomathematik und Biometrie, IBB, am Forschungszentrum fuer Umwelt und Gesundheit, GSF, in Muenchen/Neuherberg, und seinem engeren Umfeld. Ziel war es, zu sichten, was in und um diesen Themenkreis herum an Wissen und sonstiger Kompetenz hier vorhanden ist. Einige am IBB etablierte Gebiete wie Roentgen-Mammographie oder funktionelle Magnetresonanztherapie wurden ausgeblendet. Der Grund ist die Fokussierung auf ein nicht exakt definierbares, neues Gebiet der Bildgebung, das unter dem Namen 'Molecular Imaging' kursiert und derzeit Furore macht macht. (orig.)

Contributions on biomedical imaging, with a side-look at molecular imaging; Beitraege zur biomedizinischen Bildgebung mit einem Seitenblick auf Molecular Imaging

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Winkler, G [ed.

2004-05-01

This report is intended as a brief introduction to the emerging scientific field of biomedical imaging. The breadth of the subject is shown and future fields of research are indicated, which hopefully will serve as a guide to the identification of starting points for the research in 'Biomedical and/or Molecular Imaging' at the GSF-National Research Center for Environment and Health. The report starts with a brief sketch of the history. Then a - necessarily incomplete - list of research topics is presented. It is organized in two parts: the first one addresses medical imaging, and the second one is concerned with biological point aspects of the matter. (orig.) [German] In diesem Bericht sind einige Beitraege zum Gebiet 'Bildgebende Verfahren in Biologie und Medizin' zusammengestellt. Sie stammen saemtlich aus dem Institut fuer Biomathematik und Biometrie, IBB, am Forschungszentrum fuer Umwelt und Gesundheit, GSF, in Muenchen/Neuherberg, und seinem engeren Umfeld. Ziel war es, zu sichten, was in und um diesen Themenkreis herum an Wissen und sonstiger Kompetenz hier vorhanden ist. Einige am IBB etablierte Gebiete wie Roentgen-Mammographie oder funktionelle Magnetresonanztherapie wurden ausgeblendet. Der Grund ist die Fokussierung auf ein nicht exakt definierbares, neues Gebiet der Bildgebung, das unter dem Namen 'Molecular Imaging' kursiert und derzeit Furore macht macht. (orig.)

Gesellschaft fuer Anlagen- und Reaktorsicherheit (GRS). Annual report 2013/14

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

2016-02-01

The annual report 2013/14 of the Gesellschaft fuer Anlagen- und Reaktorsicherheit (GRS) includes projects and key activities on the following issues: reactor safety, waste disposal, radiation protection, environmental protection and the support of foreign authorities and TSO. The project executing organizations, the governmental funding, share holding and subsidiaries are summarized.

Energy-saving measures in the electrocar. Pt. 1 and 2. 1. Energy-optimized recuperative braking. 2. Energy-optimized charging of traction batteries; Energiesparmassnahmen am Elektroauto. T. 1 und 2. T. 1: Energieoptimiertes rekuperatives Bremsen. T. 2: Energieoptimiertes Laden von Traktionsbatterien

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Goetting, G.; Willer, B.; Knorr, R.

2001-07-01

The first part of the research project was titled ''energy-optimized recuperative braking''. In this part, several braking strategies, especially those for use in electro vehicles which in addition to the mechanical brakes of the vehicle also incorporate the electrical drive into the brake system were compared with the support of a simulation model and evaluated. The paper reports both on the simulation model used and on the possibilities of saving energy which can be achieved using the various braking strategies for differing driving cycles. In the second part of the research project, ''energy-optimized charging of traction batteries'', possible methods of charging traction batteries of electro vehicles are shown and assessed with regard to the battery efficiency under various conditions of application. [German] In dem unter der Ueberschrift 'Energieoptimiertes rekuperatives Bremsen' laufenden ersten Teil des Forschungsvorhabens wurden verschiedene und speziell fuer den Einsatz im Elektrofahrzeug entworfene Bremsstrategien, die neben den mechanischen Bremsen des Fahrzeugs auch den elektrischen Antrieb in das Bremssystem einbeziehen, mit Hilfe eines Simulationsmodells verglichen und bewertet. Im Bericht werden sowohl das verwendete Simulationsmodell erlaeutert als auch die energetischen Einsparmoeglichkeiten, die sich mit den verschiedenen Bremsstrategien fuer unterschiedliche Fahrzyklen erzielen lassen, aufgezeigt. Im zweiten Teil des Forschungsvorhabens ('Energieoptimiertes Laden von Traktionsbatterien') wurden moegliche Ladeverfahren fuer Traktionsbatterien von Elektrofahrzeugen aufgezeigt und hinsichtlich des Batteriewirkungsgrades bei unterschiedlichen Einsatzbedingungen beurteilt. In die Untersuchungen waren Blei-, NiMH-, NaNiCl{sub 2}- und Lithium-Batterien eingeschlossen. (orig.)

Solar building construction - new technologies; Solares Bauen - Neue Technologien fuer Gebaeude

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Luther, J.; Voss, K.; Wittwer, V. [Fraunhofer-Inst. fuer Solare Energiesysteme, Freiburg (Germany). Abt. ``Thermische und Optische Systeme``

1998-02-01

There is an increasing demand for integrated building concepts in order to reduce energy consumption. Building design, construction and heating, ventilation and air-conditioning (HVAC) technology are decisive in this respect. Thus, an essentially higher energy efficiency is achieved and solar energy becomes the main energy source. An `active building envelope` assumes the task of controlling the energy flows between inside and outside. This paper reports on new components, system concepts and planning tools for solar building. (orig.) [Deutsch] Fuer zukuenftige Bauten werden in hohem Masse Forderungen nach integrierten Konzepten zur Begrenzung des Energieverbrauchs gestellt. Gestalt, Konstruktion und Klimatechnik sind dabei massgebliche Einflussfaktoren. Hierdurch wird eine wesentlich hoehere Energieeffizienz erzielt und Solarenergie kann die uebrigen Energiequellen zurueckdraengen. Eine `aktive Gebaeudehuelle` uebernimmt die Aufgabe, den Energiefluss zwischen Innen und Aussen zu steuern. Der Beitrag berichtet ueber neue Komponenten, Systemkonzepte und Planungswerkzeuge fuer das Solare Bauen. (orig.)

Advertising campaign for natural gas vehicles is getting along; Werbung fuer Erdgasfahrzeuge kommt ins Rollen

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Koerner, I. [me-gas, Projektgruppe Erdgasfahrzeuge, Berlin (Germany)

2002-10-01

Six students of the Berlin University of Arts developed a nationwide communication campaign for natural gas vehicles. The campaign is the first of its kind which is not restricted to industrial and commercial users. Apart from the innovative and unusual creations, it was the results of market research that created a sensation. [German] Sechs Studenten der Berliner Universitaet der Kuenste haben eine bundesweite Kommunikationskampagne fuer Erdgasfahrzeuge erarbeitet, die zum ersten Mal nicht nur die gewerblichen Vielfahrer ansprechen soll. Neben den ungewoehnlichen und zum Teil gewagten Kreationen waren es die Ergebnisse aus der Marktforschung, die fuer Ueberraschungen sorgten. (orig.)

How to promote solar power. Strategic application of consumer and environmental psychology; Fuer Solarenergie. Konsumenten- und Umweltpsychologie strategisch anwenden

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Huebner, G. [Halle Univ. (Germany). Lehrstuhl fuer Sozial- und Organisationspsychologie; Felser, G. [Halle Univ. (Germany). Lehrstuhl fuer Differentielle Psychologie und Psychologische Diagnostik

2001-07-01

Why are solar systems still so few and far between? The book presents answers based on a systematic analysis of the psychological aspects of the decision, e.g. consumer needs and motives. 'Social Marketing' is presented as a differentiated outline concept for developing strategies for selling solar power. The book addresses solar and agenda initiatives, environmental organisations, communities and energy-minded citizens as well as students of environmental science and psychology. [German] Warum sind Solaranlagen noch immer so selten? Antworten auf diese Frage finden sich im Buch, in dem aus Sicht der Konsumenten- und Umweltpsychologie die psychologischen Facetten der Entscheidung fuer Solarenergie, z.B. - die Beduerfnisse und Motive der Konsumenten von Solaranlagen - die Wirkungen von Informationsmaterial auf die Kaufentscheidung, erstmals systematisch analysiert werden. Mit dem 'Sozialen Marketing' wird ein differenziertes Rahmenkonzept fuer die Gestaltung von Strategien fuer Solarenergie vorgestellt. Dieses Buch ist vor allem hilfreich fuer Solar- und Agendainitiativen, Umweltverbaende, Kommunen und energiebewusste Buerger, da es praxisnahe Informationen und Handlungsempfehlungen vermittelt. Es wendet sich aber auch an Studierende der Umweltwissenschaften und der Psychologie. Es bereichert die Diskussion ueber Solarenergie mit Argumenten, die der Komplexitaet des Themas Rechnung tragen. (orig.)

Enlarged level-1 PSA in regard to assessment of cross-cutting effects of hazards and consideration of their uncertainties for a KONVOI type PWR reference plant; Erweiterte PSA der Stufe 1 im Hinblick auf die Behandlung uebergreifender Einwirkungen und die Beruecksichtigung ihrer Unsicherheiten am Beispiel einer Anlage vom Typ Konvoi

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Haider, C.; Hofer, E.; Kloos, M.; Kuntze, W.; Liemersdorf, H.; Roewekamp, M.; Schwinges, B.; Tuerschmann, M.; Brenig, H.W.; Sommerfeld, H.

2001-06-01

examination for aircraft crashes, explosion shock waves from accidents in the close vicinity of the plant, seismic hazards, external flooding, and extreme weather conditions has been performed within this report. A probabilistic estimation was performed for all of these events except the seismic. None of them gave a significant contribution to the total damage frequency. A procedure for the estimation of uncertainties of external hazards was developed exemplary for the aircraft crash based on an experts questionnaire. (orig.) [German] Im Rahmen der fachlichen Unterstuetzung des BMU bei uebergeordneten Fragen zu probabilistischen Sicherheitsanalysen von Kernkraftwerken und bei der kerntechnischen Regelerarbeitung sollten die massgebende Beitraege fuer Schadenszustaende aus uebergreifenden internen und externen Einwirkungen fuer eine Referenzanlage von Typ DWR-Konvoi ermittelt und dabei Methoden zur probabilistischen Bewertung solcher Einwirkungen auf ihre Eignung hin geprueft werden. Von den grundsaetzlich zu betrachtenden uebergreifenden Einwirkungen wurde im Rahmen des vorliegenden Berichts nur das anlageninterne Ereignis Brand eingehend probabilistisch untersucht. Dazu wurden zunaechst Screening-Analysen durchgefuehrt, um relevante Raumbereiche zu identifizieren und um deren Effizienz fuer ein sachgerechtes Auswahlverfahren zu bewerten. Fuer einen ausgewaehlten und als relevant identifizierten Raumbereich (Kabelverteilung innerhalb des Reaktorgebaeudeinnenraums) wurde eine vertiefte probabilistische Analyse durchgefuehrt, welche die gesamte Bewertungskette, ausgehend von der Ermittlung der Brandeintrittshaeufigkeit, der Brandwirkungen und der Brandausbreitung bis zur Ermittlung der brandbedingten Ausfallwahrscheinlichkeit von sicherheitsrelevanten Einrichtungen und deren systemtechnische Folgen umfasste. Die Untersuchungen beinhalteten des weiteren auch spezielle Unsicherheits- und Sensitivitaetsanalyse fuer die Ermittlung der Brandwirkungen und deren systemtechnische

Development of a concept for sustainable agriculture in the Elbe wetlands of Niedersachsen; Konzeptentwicklung fuer eine nachhaltige Landbewirtschaftung in den niedersaechsischen Elbtalauen

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Prueter, J. [Alfred Toepfer Akademie fuer Naturschutz (NNA), Schneverdingen (Germany); Horlitz, T.; Sander, A. [Arbeitsgemeinschaft Umweltplanung (ARUM), Hannover (Germany)

2000-07-01

Since late 1997, a cooperative project headed by Alfred Toepfer Akademie fuer Naturschutz has been investigating ''Models of conservation and its application in agriculture - goals, instruments and cost of sustainable, environment-friendly agriculture in the Elbe river valley in Niedersachsen''. The project receives funds in the context of the BMBF project ''Elbe river ecology''. Using the specific methods and tools of ecology, landscaping, agriculture and economics, the fundamentals for future interdisciplinary landscape development concepts will be established. The contribution presents the methodology of concept development and some exemplary goals for sustainable agricultural development in the context of the project. [German] Seit Ende 1997 widmet sich im Rahmen der BMBF-Forschungsfoerderung ''Elbe-Oekologie'' ein Verbundforschungsvorhaben unter Federfuehrung der Alfred Toepfer Akademie fuer Naturschutz dem Thema ''Leitbilder des Naturschutzes und deren Umsetzung mit der Landwirtschaft - Ziele, Instrumente und Kosten einer umweltschonenden und nachhaltigen Landwirtschaft im niedersaechsischen Elbetal''. Mit den spezifischen Methoden und fachlichen Instrumenten der Oekologie, der Landschaftsplanung sowie der Agrarwissenschaften einschliesslich Oekonomie sollen Grundlagen fuer moegliche ressortuebergreifend getragene Konzepte fuer die zukuenftige Landschaftsentwicklung erarbeitet werden. Im folgenden werden methodische Grundlagen der Konzeptentwicklung und beispielhafte Zielaussagen fuer eine nachhaltige Landbewirtschaftung aus dem laufenden Projekt vorgestellt. (orig.)

ISH. HVAC engineering yearbook 1999; ISH. Jahrbuch fuer Gebaeudetechnik 1999

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1999-11-01

The 1999 HVAC engineering yearbook contains contributions on energy conservation and optimization in the fields of ventilation and air conditioning: inter alia, solar cooling and air conditioning, optimum rating of ventilator units, and cooling ceilings with ventilation function. In the field of heating, the following topics are addressed, equally under the aspect of energy conservation: condensing boiler technology, hydraulic balancing of heating pipe systems and sequential boiler switching using fuzzy control. Further works deal with rational use of electricity in buildings, and building automation. 17 papers are individually listed in the Energy database. [Deutsch] Das Jahrbuch fuer Gebaeudetechnik 1999 enthaelt Beitraege zur Energieeinsparung und Optimierung auf den Gebieten Lueftung und Klimatisierung, u. a. solare Kuehlung und Klimatisierung, optimale Auslegung von Ventilator-Aggregaten und Kuehldecken mit Lueftungsfunktion. Auf dem Gebiet der Heizung werden ebenfalls unter dem Gesichtspunkt Energieeinsparung die Brennwerttechnologie, der hydraulische Abgleich von Heizungsrohrnetzen sowie Kesselfolgeschaltungen mit Fuzzy Control angesprochen. Weitere Arbeiten befassen sich mit der rationellen Elektrizitaetsverwendung in Geb auden sowie der Gebaeudeautomation. Fuer die Datenbank Energy wurden 17 Arbeiten separat aufgenommen.

Groundwater monitoring programme. A guide for groundwater sampling and analysis. 2. ed.; Grundwasserueberwachungsprogramm. Leitfaden fuer Probenahme und Analytik von Grundwasser

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2001-07-01

Quality assurance guidelines have been developed and introduced in Baden-Wuerttemberg for groundwater monitoring. The contribution contains the fundamentals and technical guides for sampling and measurement of the Baden-Wuerttemberg groundwater monitoring programme, as well as parameter groups and a preliminary assessment of the methods. [German] Bei der Gewinnung von Umweltdaten sind hohe Anforderungen an die Qualitaet der erhobenen Daten zu stellen. Dies trifft in besonderem Masse gerade auch fuer Grundwasseruntersuchungen zu, da hier haeufig Konzentrationen im Bereich der Nachweisgrenze auftreten. Fuer das Grundwassermessnetz Baden-Wuerttemberg sind qualitaetssichernde Regelungen entwickelt und eingefuehrt worden. In der vorliegenden Zusammenstellung sind die Grundsatzpapiere, bzw. Technischen Anleitungen aus dem Grundwasserueberwachungsprogramm Baden-Wuerttemberg fuer die Grundwasserprobennahme sowie zu Messverfahren, Parametergruppen und zur ersten Beurteilung der Messergebnisse enthalten. (orig.)

Good organization is essential for success. Pt. 1. Energy management for commercial buildings.; Eine gute Organisation ist Voraussetzung fuer den Erfolg. T. 1. Energiemanagement fuer die Gebaeudetechnik.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Rader, Michael [CentraLine c/o Honeywell, Schoenaich (Germany)

2013-07-15

Energy costs caused by heating, ventilation, air-conditioning and lighting systems, represent a significant portion of the total operating costs of a building. continuously rising prices of gas, oil and electricity increase the cost pressure on the building operators and users: energy efficiency is becoming a major factor for the competitiveness of a company. In the manufacturing sector, trade and hotel the energy costs have a direct impact on the company's margins. Thus, the willingness to invest in energy saving measures increased. [German] Energiekosten, verursacht durch Heizungs-, Lueftungs-, Klima- und Beleuchtungsanlagen, stellen einen signifikanten Anteil der Gesamtbetriebskosten eines Gebaeudes dar. Kontinuierlich steigende Preise fuer Gas, Oel und Elektrizitaet erhoehen den Kostendruck auf die Gebaeudebetreiber und -nutzer: Energieeffizienz wird zu einem bestimmenden Faktor fuer die Wettbewerbsfaehigkeit eines Unternehmens. Im produzierenden Gewerbe, im Handel und im Hotelgewerbe haben Energiekosten einen direkten Einfluss auf die Margen des Unternehmens. Dadurch erhoeht sich die Bereitschaft, in Energiesparmassnahmen zu investieren.

The Rossendorf research site. The Rossendorf Research Center (FZR). The Rossendorf Verein fuer Kernverfahrenstechnik und Analytik (VKTA). The Rossendorf Foerderverein fuer Wissenschaft, Forschung und Technologie (ROTECH)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

1995-01-01

The illustrated brochure presents the Rossendorf research site at a glance. There are two major new establishments, the Rossendorf Research Center and the Verein fuer Kernverfahrenstechnik und Analytik Rossendorf (VKTA), whose main activities cover basic research and tasks in the field of nuclear facilities decommissioning and radwaste management on site. (DG) [de

A comparison of three different types of collectors for process heat uses; Vergleich von drei verschiedenen Kollektortypen fuer Prozesswaermeanwendungen

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Brunold, S. [Solarenergie Pruef- und Forschungsstelle SPF-ITR, Rapperswil (Switzerland); Frey, R. [Solarenergie Pruef- und Forschungsstelle SPF-ITR, Rapperswil (Switzerland); Frei, U. [Solarenergie Pruef- und Forschungsstelle SPF-ITR, Rapperswil (Switzerland)

1995-12-31

A comparison of the measured and simulated values of three collector types shows that evacuated tube collectors are superior to transparent-insulation flat collectors in the case of high-temperature uses. At temperatures of 150 C and above good results were obtained using evacuated tube collectors with compound parabolic concentrators manufactured by Microtherm. CORTEC collectors are suited for temperatures in the range of 100 C to 150 C provided that the surface ratio is irrelevant. Costs play a decisive role when selecting systems. The results obtained show that improved transparent-insulation flat collectors can compete with evacuated tube collectors in the 100 C to 150 C temperature range. (orig.) [Deutsch] Ein Vergleich der gemessenen und simulierten Werte der drei Kollektoren zeigt, dass die Vakuumroehrenkollektoren fuer den Einsatz in Hochtemperaturanwendungen dem mit transparenter Waermedaemmung isolierten Flachkollektor ueberlegen sind. Der Vakuumroehrenkollektor mit CPC von Microtherm erzielt gute Resultate ab 150 C und mehr. Wogegen der CORTEC-Kollektor fuer den Einsatz im Temperaturbereich zwischen 100 C und 150 C geeignet ist, solange das Flaechenverhaeltnis keine Rolle spielt. Wie fuer die meisten Anwendungen spielen die Kosten eine entscheidende Rolle fuer die Wahl des eingesetzten Systems. Die Resultate zeigen, dass ein verbesserter mit TWD ausgeruesteter Flachkollektor im Temperaturbereich von 100 C bis 150 C konkurrenzfaehig zu Vakuumroehrenkollektoren sein kann. (orig.)

Environmental criteria for building site selection; Umweltkriterien bei der Standortsuche fuer Bauvorhaben

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Locher, B [Umweltbundesamt, Berlin (Germany)

1995-09-01

The author of the present paper provides information on the application of ecological standards as part of the regulation of development planning. (HW) [Deutsch] Die Autorin gibt in ihrem Vortrag Hinweise auf die Anwendung von oekologischen Standards als Regelungsbestandteile fuer die Bauleitplanung. (HW)

Bundesamt fuer Strahlenschutz (BfS). Annual report 1991

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

1992-08-01

The progress report submitted by Bundesamt fuer Strahlenschutz reveals that this federal radiation protection agency is not only entrusted with the fulfillment of the federal administrative tasks imposed by law but engages in applications-oriented research regarding the operational, metrological and health-related aspects of radiation protection, regarding nuclear safety and radioactive waste management. In addition, BfS takes care of public-relations tasks. The reports submitted by the BfS departments are completed by summaries of the main research results. (DG) [de

Erinnerungen. Aus dem Feldzuge der Franzosen in Russland unter Napoleon im Jahre 1812, von einem preußischen Bombardier, dem jetzigen Major Weinberger. Unveröffentlichtes Manuskript (1849), herausgegeben von Peter-Michael Berger

OpenAIRE

Weinberger, Friedrich Ludwig

2012-01-01

Friedrich Ludwig Weinberger (1794–1869) diente im Juni 1812 als Freiwilliger bei der Königsberger Garnisonsartillerie. Diese 400 Soldaten wurden von Napoleon in die Garde seiner Grande Armée zur Invasion Russlands zwangsweise eingegliedert. Als einer von nur 13 Überlebenden seiner Truppe kehrte Weinberger im März 1813 aus russischem Gewahrsam zurück. Über seine Erlebnisse beim Vormarsch, den Kämpfen, der Besetzung Moskaus, dem Rückzug und der Heimkehr verfasste er einen Bericht, den er m...

Applied chemistry and environmental engineering for engineers. Manual for students and practicians. 2. ed.; Angewandte Chemie und Umwelttechnik fuer Ingenieure. Handbuch fuer Studium und betriebliche Praxis

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Fessmann, J.; Orth, H.

2002-07-01

This is a practically oriented textbook for chemistry and environmental protection training of students of mechanical engineering, vehicle engineering, electrical engineering, space HVAc engineering etc. Students are also given useful information on the practical applications of chemistry and on environmental protection in industrial practice. The book also contains problem solutions for managing engineers in organizations of the metal and electrical branch who are confronted with chemical problems in chemical engineering, quality assurance, industrial safety and environmental protection. [German] Das Handbuch vermittelt in konzentrierter Form die Grundlagen der Chemie und Umwelttechnik und schlaegt rasch die Bruecke zur industriellen Anwendung bevorzugt in der Metall- und Elektroindustrie. Das Handbuch ist ein praxisorientiertes Lehrbuch fuer die Chemie- und Umweltschutzausbildung von Ingenieurstudenten der Fachrichtungen Maschinenbau, Fahrzeugtechnik, Elektrotechnik, Versorgungstechnik u.a. Darueberhinaus finden Schueler von Chemieleistungskursen an Gymnasien oder Chemiestudenten an Fachhochschulen oder Universitaeten viele nuetzliche Informationen ueber die Anwendungen von Chemie und Umweltschutz in der industriellen Praxis. Nicht zuletzt enthaelt das Buch Problemloesungen fuer Betriebsingenieure, insbesondere aus dem Bereich der Metall- und Elektrobranche, die mit chemischen Fragestellungen in der Verfahrenstechnik, Qualitaetssicherung oder Arbeits-/Umweltschutzueberwachung konfrontiert sind. (orig.)

Combined expander-compressor for carbon dioxide in free piston design; Kombinierte Expansions-Kompressions-Maschine fuer Kohlendioxid in Freikolbenbauweise

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Heyl, P.; Quack, H. [TU, Dresden (Germany). Lehrstuhl fuer Kaelte- und Kryotechnik; Kuehne, M. [TU, Dresden (Germany). Lehrstuhl fuer Pumpen, Verdichter und Apparate

2000-03-01

The renaissance of carbon dioxide in refrigeration engineering is impressive. The contribution shows that the disadvantages of this refrigerating fluid can be compensated by modifying the refrigeration circuit. A combined expander-compressor working by the free piston principle and developed at Dresden Technical University is described. [German] Kohlendioxid erlebt im Bereich der Kaeltetechnik infolge der schwierigen Suche nach umweltvertraeglichen Ersatzkaeltemitteln fuer die Fluorchlorkohlenwasserstoffe eine beeindruckende Renaissance. Es soll anhand thermodynamischer Prozessberechnungen gezeigt werden, dass durch die Modifikation des Kreisprozesses unter Beachtung der besonderen thermodynamischen Eigenschaften des Kohlendioxids diese Nachteile bereits bei der theoretischen Leistungszahl ausgeglichen werden koennen. Dafuer wird das Kohlendioxid in einem Prozess mit zweistufiger Verdichtung arbeitsleistend entspannt. Die Besonderheit dieses Prozesses ist die Verwendung einer speziell fuer diesen Anwendungsfall entwickelten Maschine, die die gewonnene Expansionsarbeit direkt fuer die Verdichtung des Kohlendioxids in der zweiten Verdichtungsstufe nutzt. Es handelt sich dabei um eine nach dem Freikolbenprinzip arbeitende Expansions-Kompressions-Maschine, die an der TU Dresden entwickelt und gegenwaertig getestet wird. (orig.)

Nuclear power for the next generation. Proceedings. Kernenergie fuer die naechste Generation. Berichte

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

1986-01-01

The Chernobyl reactor accident was just the last but not the only occasion that threw out the question of whether nuclear power generation has reached its peak, or probably already is on the decline, or whether there will be new chances for nuclear energy on the power market. The answer to these questions depends on a variety of factors, among which the development of demand for energy, and especially electrical energy, certainly is the decisive factor. The summarizing statements published in the proceedings in hand have been written in January 1986, i.e. before the Chernobyl reactor accident; but they still are relevant, as the long-term problems of energy policy persist, and nuclear energy has to tackle the same problems as before.

Solar thermal power plants for the Mediterranean region: A chance for a new era in the field of electricity supply; Solarthermische Kraftwerke fuer den Mittelmeerraum: Chance fuer eine neue Aera der Elektrizitaetsversorgung

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Nitsch, J [DLR, Stuttgart (Germany)

1994-12-31

One promising option for a really environmentally and climaticly friendly electricity supply is the erection of solar thermal power plants in regions of the earth with a considerably high solar irradiation. In this work the technical and economical chances for this technology are analysed and explanations are given as to which energetic and econmic marginal conditions must be created for a successful market introduction, which could already be initiated with several demonstration power plants. (orig.) [Deutsch] Eine der vielversprechenden Optionen fuer wirklich umwelt- und klimafreundliche Elektrizitaetsversorgung stellt der Bau solarthermischer Kraftwerke in den einstrahlungsreichen Regionen der Erde dar. Der Beitrag analysiert die technisch-oekonomischen Chancen dieser Technologie und zeigt auf, welche energiewirtschaftlichen Randbedingungen als Voraussetzung fuer eine erfolgreiche Markteinfuehrung geschaffen werden muessen, die schon jetzt mit einer Reihe von Demonstrationskraftwerken beginnen koennte. (orig.)

Proprioceptive Interaction between the Two Arms in a Single-Arm Pointing Task.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Kazuyoshi Kigawa

Full Text Available Proprioceptive signals coming from both arms are used to determine the perceived position of one arm in a two-arm matching task. Here, we examined whether the perceived position of one arm is affected by proprioceptive signals from the other arm in a one-arm pointing task in which participants specified the perceived position of an unseen reference arm with an indicator paddle. Both arms were hidden from the participant's view throughout the study. In Experiment 1, with both arms placed in front of the body, the participants received 70-80 Hz vibration to the elbow flexors of the reference arm (= right arm to induce the illusion of elbow extension. This extension illusion was compared with that when the left arm elbow flexors were vibrated or not. The degree of the vibration-induced extension illusion of the right arm was reduced in the presence of left arm vibration. In Experiment 2, we found that this kinesthetic interaction between the two arms did not occur when the left arm was vibrated in an abducted position. In Experiment 3, the vibration-induced extension illusion of one arm was fully developed when this arm was placed at an abducted position, indicating that the brain receives increased proprioceptive input from a vibrated arm even if the arm was abducted. Our results suggest that proprioceptive interaction between the two arms occurs in a one-arm pointing task when the two arms are aligned with one another. The position sense of one arm measured using a pointer appears to include the influences of incoming information from the other arm when both arms were placed in front of the body and parallel to one another.

Gesellschaft fuer Anlagen- und Reaktorsicherheit (GRS). Annual report 2010/2011

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

2011-01-01

The annual report 2010/11 of the Gesellschaft fuer Anlagen- und Reaktorsicherheit (GRS) covers the following topics: organization, corporate development and public relations; reactor accident in Fukushima; Projects and work priorities (reactor safety; waste management; radiation and environmental protection; international projects); project management and project support; equity participations and subsidiaries (RISKAUDIT IRSN/GRS International; institute for safety technologies (ISTec), European Nuclear Safety Training and Tutoring Institute (ENSTTI)).

Developing a model system for simulation of changes induced by more effective circular flow concepts in industry and energy management. Systems technology and economic modelling aspects shown with the example of the materials flow in the paper industry; Entwicklung eines Modellsystems zur Simulation der energiewirtschaftlichen und strukturellen Veraenderungen einer verstaerkten Kreislaufwirtschaft. Systemtechnische und oekonomische Modellierung am Beispiel des Stoffstroms 'Papier'

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Nathani, C.

2000-02-01

The impacts of a long-term change from our present industrial society to an economy based on circular flow concepts approaching the characteristics of the concept of sustainable development have to be taken into account in macroeconomic modelling as well, or else there is no appropriate basis for examination and assessment of the effects of various resource management policy options on the economy. One possible methodological approach is to link single, process-oriented models of sectors of the industry with input-output models and macroeconomic models. This study presents an approach using as an example the pulp and paper industry of Germany, covering the period from 1995 until 2020. The results are found to improve the methodological perspective between the process models and the MIS model of the family of IKARUS models and also offer an additional advantage in that they may serve as a data source for other input-output models and macroeconomic modelling. (orig./CB) [German] Diese Einfluesse eines langfristigen Wandels von einer heutigen Industriegesellschaft zu einer Kreislaufwirtschaft mit Merkmalen einer nachhaltigen Entwicklung muessen sich auch in den Strukturen makrooekonomischer Modelle wiederfinden, um die Auswirkungen verschiedener ressourcenpolitischer Optionen auf die Wirtschaft angemessen pruefen zu koennen. Ein methodischer Weg zu dieser Aufgabe ist die Verknuepfung einzelner prozessorientierter Branchenmodelle mit Input-Output-Modellen und makrooekonomischen Modellen. Der vorliegende Bericht will hierzu einen Baustein am Beispiel der Zellstoff- und Papierindustrie fuer die Bundesrepublik Deutschland fuer die Zeitperiode 1995-2020 beitragen. Diese Ergebnisse verbessern nicht nur die methodische Perspektive zwischen den Prozessmodellen und dem MIS-Modell der IKARUS-Modellfamilie, sondern koennen als Erfahrungs- und Datenquelle fuer andere Input-Output-Modelle und makrooekonomische Modelle genutzt werden. (orig.)

Robotic arm

Science.gov (United States)

Kwech, Horst

1989-04-18

A robotic arm positionable within a nuclear vessel by access through a small diameter opening and having a mounting tube supported within the vessel and mounting a plurality of arm sections for movement lengthwise of the mounting tube as well as for movement out of a window provided in the wall of the mounting tube. An end effector, such as a grinding head or welding element, at an operating end of the robotic arm, can be located and operated within the nuclear vessel through movement derived from six different axes of motion provided by mounting and drive connections between arm sections of the robotic arm. The movements are achieved by operation of remotely-controllable servo motors, all of which are mounted at a control end of the robotic arm to be outside the nuclear vessel.

High-performance ceramic filters for energy engineering. Final report; Filter aus Hochleistungskeramik fuer die Energietechnik. Abschlussbericht

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Westerheide, R. [Fraunhofer-Institut fuer Werkstoffmechanik (IWM), Freiburg im Breisgau (Germany); Adler, J. [Fraunhofer-Institut fuer Keramische Technologien und Sinterwerkstoffe (IKTS), Dresden (Germany); Buhl, H. [ESK-SIC GmbH, Frechen-Grefrath (Germany); Fister, D. [H.C. Starck GmbH, Laufenburg (Germany); Krein, J. [LLB Lurgi Lentjes Energietechnik GmbH, Frankfurt (Germany); Voelker, W. [Annawerk GmbH, Roedental (Germany); Walch, A. [eds.] [USF Schumacher Umwelt- und Trenntechnik GmbH, Crailsheim (Germany)

1999-09-30

The hot gas particulate removal of many advanced coal fired power generation technologies works at temperatures above 800 C. The filter elements for these applications are often based on ceramic materials, e.g. silicon carbide. However, the mostly clay bonded silicon carbide is subject to creep and oxidation due to probable changes of the binder phase. In this work the development of new ceramic filter materials based on silicon carbide and alumina is described. The goal of the development was to increase the potential application temperature. To obtain the goal, the work was performed together with ceramic powder manufacturers, developers of ceramic materials and components as well as with companies who operate test facilities. Different routes were chosen to increase the high temperature resistance in consideration of corrosion resistance, fracture strength and pressure loss of the filter materials. One of these routes was the optimization of the binder phase of the silicon carbide materials. Other routes were concentrated on the base material and the investigation of other possibilities for the silicon carbide bonding, i.e. a recrystallization process of SiC (RSiC) or a self bonding of granulated small grained silicon carbide powder. Additionally filter materials based on alumina were developed. The report covers these material development oriented topics as well as the additional work in materials reliability, coating development and modeling of microstructure. (orig.) [German] In der Kombikraftwerkstechnik wird insbesondere bei Kohlefeuerung die Heissgasreinigung oft bei Temperaturen ueber 800 C eingesetzt. Die Filterelemente fuer diese Anwendungen bestehen oft aus keramischen Materialien. Das haeufig eingesetzte tongebundene Siliciumcarbid unterliegt jedoch besonders aufgrund der Beschaffenheit der Bindephase Kriech- und Oxidationsschaedigungen. In diesem Bericht wird die Entwicklung von neuen keramischen Filtermaterialien, die auf Siliciumcarbid oder

The stuff of enlightening diagnoses; Stoff fuer erhellende Diagnosen

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Huebner, Karl

2017-07-01

Doctors today already frequently rely on positron emission tomography - PET for short - in cancer diagnostics. However, in order to use this method for other diseases, too, they need suitable tracer substances containing radioactive fluorine-18 - a challenge for Tobias Ritter and his team at the Max Planck Institut fuer Kohlenforschung in Muelheim an der Ruhr. The chemists are searching for ways to label diverse molecules with fluorine-18 and thus expand the range of possibilities for medical specialists.

Driver assistance - Firstly a contribution to primary safety or rather to comfort?; Fahrerassistenz primaer zum Komfort oder fuer die Sicherheit?

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bubb, H. [TU Muenchen, Garching (Germany). Lehrstuhl fuer Ergonomie

2003-07-01

Doubtless assistance systems should contribute to the safety of car driving. They support simultaneously a comfortable use of the car. Especially the operation comfort is characterised by clarity, self explaining, robustness against errors, and so on. Operation comfort doesn't give an inessential contribution to a reliable and appropriate interaction between driver and vehicle that means also a contribution to a reliable function of the total system and thereby to safety. Therefore the subjective experience of assistance systems is of excellent importance with view on the subjective and public confidence in new assistance systems. Are they seen rather as a gain of comfort, as it is preferred by the producer by reasons of production related liability, or as an easing of the driver's behaviour providing safety? Consists in the last called tendency a new kind of danger? In this connection juristic problems may not be unmentioned. The driver may not or not completely be called to account for procedures on which he has no influence or thinks to have no influence. In this case the account for the not compensated damage is contributed to the producer of the system. Therefore, by considering human characteristics and abilities of the driver during the development of assistance systems unwanted juristic consequences should be prevented. (orig.) [German] Assitenzsysteme sollen zweifellos einen Beitrag fuer die Sicherheit des Autofahrers liefern. Zugleich dienen sie aber auch fuer eine komfortable Nutzung des Fahrzeugs. Speziell der Bedienkomfort ist durch leichte Verstaendlichkeit, Selbsterklaerbarkeit, Fehlerrobustheit u.ae. charakterisiert. Durch ihn wird ein nicht unwesentlicher Beitrag zur sicheren und zweckdienlichen Interaktion zwischen Fahrer und Fahrzeug geleistet, also auch ein Beitrag fuer die zuverlaessige Funktion des Systems und damit fuer die Sicherheit. Von herausragender Bedeutung insbesondere im Hinblick auf das subjektive und das oeffentliche

Robotic arm

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kwech, H.

1989-01-01

A robotic arm positionable within a nuclear vessel by access through a small diameter opening and having a mounting tube supported within the vessel and mounting a plurality of arm sections for movement lengthwise of the mounting tube as well as for movement out of a window provided in the wall of the mounting tube is disclosed. An end effector, such as a grinding head or welding element, at an operating end of the robotic arm, can be located and operated within the nuclear vessel through movement derived from six different axes of motion provided by mounting and drive connections between arm sections of the robotic arm. The movements are achieved by operation of remotely-controllable servo motors, all of which are mounted at a control end of the robotic arm to be outside the nuclear vessel. 23 figs

Function of Nup98 subtypes and their fusion proteins, Nup98-TopIIβ and Nup98-SETBP1 in nuclear-cytoplasmic transport.

Science.gov (United States)

Saito, Shoko; Yokokawa, Takafumi; Iizuka, Gemmei; Cigdem, Sadik; Okuwaki, Mitsuru; Nagata, Kyosuke

2017-05-20

Nup98 is a component of the nuclear pore complex. The nup98-fusion genes derived by chromosome translocations are involved in hematopoietic malignancies. Here, we investigated the functions of Nup98 isoforms and two unexamined Nup98-fusion proteins, Nup98-TopIIβ and Nup98-SETBP1. We first demonstrated that two Nup98 isoforms are expressed in various mouse tissues and similarly localized in the nucleus and the nuclear envelope. We also showed that Nup98-TopIIβ and Nup98-SETBP1 are localized in the nucleus and partially co-localized with full-length Nup98 and a nuclear export receptor XPO1. We demonstrated that Nup98-TopIIβ and Nup98-SETBP1 negatively regulate the XPO1-mediated protein export. Our results will contribute to the understanding of the molecular mechanism by which the Nup98-fusion proteins induce tumorigenesis. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Concepts for `superior process control` in the energy industry; Konzepte fuer die uebergeordnete Prozessfuehrung in der Energiewirtschaft

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Doellen, U.C. von

1996-12-01

The work concerns the task of control described as dispatching of extensive energy supply and distribution networks. Due to the special contractual situation, there are special long-term targets in firms, which must be achieved in addition to the extensive operational tasks of control and monitoring of the networks. The concepts introduced in the work offer a framework for a target-orientated design of computer-aided menus for this superior process control in the energy industry. (orig./GL) [Deutsch] Die Arbeit betrachtet die als Dispatching bezeichnete Aufgabe der Fuehrung ausgedehnter Energieversorgungs- und verteilungsnetze. Aus den speziellen Vertragssituationen ergeben sich in den Unternehmen besondere, langfristige Zielvorgaben an die mit der Betriebsfuehrung beauftragen Operateure, die zusaetzlich zu den umfangreichen operativen Aufgaben der Fuehrung und Ueberwachung der Netze zu erreichen sind. Die in der Arbeit vorgestellten Konzepte bieten den Rahmen fuer einen zielgerichteten Entwurf rechnergestuetzter Hilfsmittel fuer diese uebergeordnete Prozessfuehrung in der Energiewirtschaft. Das erstellte Gesamtsystem wird abschliessend zur Loesung einer konkreten, energiewirtschaftlichen Problemstellung eingesetzt. Die entwickelte Anwendungsloesung wird als Hilfsmittel fuer die technische und vertragliche Optimierung im Dispatching eingesetzt. Wesentliche Zielsetzung ist ein technisch und wirtschaftlich optimaler Einsatz von Energiespeichern zur Deckung von Spitzenlasten. (orig./GL)

Double-layer capacitors as dynamic stores for PV applications. Final report; Doppelschichtkondensatoren als dynamische Speicher fuer PV-Anwendungen. Abschlussbericht

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Willer, B.; Knorr, R.; Broeker, C.; Burger, B.; Wollny, M.

1999-07-01

Double layer capacitors are the system of choice whenever a large number of cycles and high capacity are required. They have the advantages of high cyclic strength, high capacity, freedom of servicing, insensitivity to high temperatures and long life. Drawbacks are low energy density, high self-discharge and high cost.Applications in water pumps, pathfinders and roller blind control systems were investigated. [German] Mit den Ergebnissen steht ein detailliertes Wissen ueber den weltweiten Entwicklungsstand und die physikalischen Eigenschaften von Doppelschichtkondensatoren zur Verfuegung. Ihre Eigenschaften wurden in Bezug auf moegliche photovoltaische Anwendungen hin analysiert. Anwendungsfehlder ergeben sich vorzugsweise dann, wenn hohe Zyklenzahl und Leistungsfaehigkeit gefordert werden. Die Vorteile des neuen Energiespeichers sind seine hohe Zyklenfestigkeit und Leistungsfaehigkeit, seine Wartungsfreiheit, Temperaturunempfindlichkeit und lange Lebensdauer. Ihnen stehen die Nachteile einer geringen Energiedichte, hohen Selbstentladung und hoher Kosten gegenueber. Eine deutliche Steigerung der Gesamteffizienz von photovoltaischen Versorgungseinheiten beim Einsatz von Doppelschichtkondensatoren ergeben energetische Simulationen unterschiedlicher Systeme. Fuer ausgewaehlte photovoltaisch versorgte Anwendungen konnte die Einsatzfaehigkeit von Doppelschichtkondensatoren in Feldtests erprobt und nachgewiesen werden. Wasserpumpensysteme, Pathfinders und eine Rolladensteuerung fuer ein Fenster wurden getestet. Der Einsatz von Doppelschichtkondensatoren zur weiteren Verbreitung photovoltaischer Anwendungen ist bereits heute fuer spezielle Anwendungen sinnvoll und wirtschaftlich. Mit weiter fallenden Preisen fuer die Kondensatoren und der Entwicklung von Kondensatorsystemen mit hoeheren Spannungen werden weitere Anwendungsfelder hinzukommen. Die Basis zur Entwicklung der notwendigen Systemtechnik und ihrer Demonstration in Feldversuchen ist durch die Ergebnisse des

Implementation of new concepts for space HVAC systems in domestic buildings in consideration of cost, consumption and user comfort. Final report; Umsetzung neuer Konzepte der technischen Gebaeudeausruestung im Wohnungsbau unter Beruecksichtigung von Kosten, Verbraeuchen und Nutzerkomfort. Abschlussbericht

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Schmidt, F.; Sucic, D.; Wendler, M.

1998-03-01

The goal of this project was the development of a set of tools for the selection of optimal concepts for HVAC-systems in housing buildings. Several factors are considered. They include technical feasibility, costs for investment, maintenance and operation, energy concumption, environmental impacts and user comfort. It is intended with the help of these tools to identify the most important factors which influence energy consumption and to suggest simple and cost effective measures to reduce energy consumption. Measures include improvements of the envelope, changes in the HVAC-system and its operation according to the needs to the inhabitants of the building. This report describes these components of this tool set which were developed in the frame of the project WohnKomfort. It lists data and rules chosen. In addition we report experiences which we gained with an prototypical implementation. This implementation allows load calculations for more than 60.000 different buildings applying EN 802 (only one zone model) as calculation method. It also supports selection of heating systems for such buildings by offering an evaluation according to user specified criteria including cost, environment and comfort. (orig./MM) [Deutsch] Ziel des Vorhabens war die Entwicklung eines Instrumentariums zur Auswahl optimaler Konzepte fuer technische Anlagen in Wohngebaeuden unter Beruecksichtigung der Faktoren technische Machbarkeit, Erstellungs-, Betriebskosten, Energieverbrauch, Umweltbelastung und Nutzerkomfort. Mit Hilfe dieses Instrumentariums soll es moeglich werden, die Haupteinflussfaktoren fuer den Energieverbrauch anzugeben und Vorschlaege fuer einfache und kostenguenstige Massnahmen zu seiner Reduzierung auf der Seite des Gebaeudes (bauliche Massnahmen) und der Anlage (technische Massnahmen, Nutzerverhalten) anzugeben. In diesem Bericht beschreiben wir die im Vorhaben entwickelten Komponenten des Instrumentariums, die zugrundeliegenden Daten und Regeln sowie Erfahrungen, die

Integrated energy data solution for energy markets of Europe: Energy Data Warehouse; Integrierte Energiedatenloesung fuer Europas Energiemaerkte: Energy Data Warehouse

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Anon.

2001-07-01

According to Ralf Hoffmann, head of the sales department of Goerlitz Computerbau AG, integrated problem solutions for Europe's new energy markets must be developed fast, without delay and with all efforts available. [German] 'Integrierte Problemloesungen fuer Europas neue Energiemaerkte muessen schnell und investitionssicher fuer die Anwender realisiert werden. Sie dulden keinen Aufschub. Alle unternehmerische Kraft muss und wird in die Befriedigung dieser Anforderungen gelegt.' So aeussert sich der Vorstand Absatzwirtschaft der Goerlitz Computerbau AG, Ralf Hoffmann. (orig.)

A teststand for photo detectors and beamtests for ILC polarimetry; Aufbau eines Teststandes fuer Photodetektoren und Teststrahlmessungen fuer die Strahlpolarisationsmessung am ILC

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Velte, Ulrich

2009-02-15

-Lichts charakterisiert und auf ihre Eignung fuer die spezielle Anwendung im ILC-Polarimeter ueberprueft werden koennen. Die bislang beste Polarisationsmessung wurde im Rahmen des SLD-Experimentes am SLAC in Kalifornien erreicht ({delta}P/P{approx}0.5%). Zur Zeit befindet sich der Cerenkov-Detektor des SLD-Polarimeters am DESY und wird dort benutzt, um verschiedene fuer die ILC-Polarimetrie in Frage kommende Photodetektoren im Teststrahl zu vermessen. Um an die Erfahrungen aus dem SLD-Experiment anknuepfen zu koennen, werden im Rahmen dieser Arbeit Teststrahlmessungen am Cerenkov-Detektor, ausgewertet und die ersten Entwicklungen hin zu einem Polarimeter fuer den ILC beschrieben. (orig.)

The spiral arms of the Milky Way: The relative location of each different arm tracer within a typical spiral arm width

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Vallée, Jacques P., E-mail: jacques.vallee@nrc-cnrc.gc.ca [National Research Council Canada, National Science Infrastructure portfolio, Herzberg Astronomy and Astrophysics, 5071 West Saanich Road, Victoria, B.C., V9E 2E7 (Canada)

2014-07-01

From the Sun's location in the Galactic disk, different arm tracers (CO, H I, hot dust, etc.) have been employed to locate a tangent to each spiral arm. Using all various and different observed spiral arm tracers (as published elsewhere), we embark on a new goal, namely the statistical analysis of these published data (data mining) to statistically compute the mean location of each spiral arm tracer. We show for a typical arm cross-cut, a separation of 400 pc between the mid-arm and the dust lane (at the inner edge of the arm, toward the Galactic center). Are some arms major and others minor? Separating arms into two sets, as suggested by some, we find the same arm widths between the two sets. Our interpretation is that we live in a multiple (four-arm) spiral (logarithmic) pattern (around a pitch angle of 12°) for the stars and gas in the Milky Way, with a sizable interarm separation (around 3 kpc) at the Sun's location and the same arm width for each arm (near 400 pc from mid-arm to dust lane).

The spiral arms of the Milky Way: The relative location of each different arm tracer within a typical spiral arm width

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Vallée, Jacques P.

2014-01-01

From the Sun's location in the Galactic disk, different arm tracers (CO, H I, hot dust, etc.) have been employed to locate a tangent to each spiral arm. Using all various and different observed spiral arm tracers (as published elsewhere), we embark on a new goal, namely the statistical analysis of these published data (data mining) to statistically compute the mean location of each spiral arm tracer. We show for a typical arm cross-cut, a separation of 400 pc between the mid-arm and the dust lane (at the inner edge of the arm, toward the Galactic center). Are some arms major and others minor? Separating arms into two sets, as suggested by some, we find the same arm widths between the two sets. Our interpretation is that we live in a multiple (four-arm) spiral (logarithmic) pattern (around a pitch angle of 12°) for the stars and gas in the Milky Way, with a sizable interarm separation (around 3 kpc) at the Sun's location and the same arm width for each arm (near 400 pc from mid-arm to dust lane).

Dimensioning and design rules for sliding bearings; optimisation problems; Bemessungs- und Gestaltungsregeln fuer Gleitlager: Optimierungsfragen

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Spiegel, K. [Fachhochschule Duesseldorf (Germany); Fricke, J.

2000-07-01

Already in the design stage of sliding bearings, optimal conditions for operation at a later stage should be envisaged. The contribution presents hints for optimal design and calculation of radial and axial bearings, e.g. gap design, optimised supporting strength, friction loss and lubricant throughput, lubricant exchange and lubricant heat exchange, and improved control of internal lubricant flow. [German] Bei der Auslegung von Gleitlagern ist es von Interesse, moeglichst optimale Bedingungen fuer den spaeteren Betrieb zu schaffen. Im vorliegenden Beitrag werden einige bereits bekannte und auch neue Hinweise zur optimalen Gestaltung und Berechnung, sowohl fuer Radial- als auch Axiallager gegeben. Dies betreffen im wesentlichen: die Gestaltung des Spaltverlaufs, Empfehlungen zur Optimierung der Tragfaehigkeit, der Reibungsverluste und des Schmierstoffdurchsatzes, Hinweise zum Schmierstoff- bzw. Schmierstoff-Waermeaustausch und die Verbesserung der inneren Schmierstofffuehrung. (orig.)

The Chernobyl reactor accident, ten years on. Teaching projects for mathematics instruction in interdisciplinary working groups; 10 Jahre nach Tschernobyl. Unterrichtsprojekte fuer den Mathematikunterricht in faecheruebergreifenden Kooperationen

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Boer, H. [comp.; Delle, E. [comp.; Mies, K. [comp.; Warmeling, A. [comp.

1996-10-01

The booklet presents background information and addresses the following aspects: ionizing radiation and radiation effects; safety of German nuclear power plants; statistical evidence of radiation injuries; short-lived and long-lived ionizing radiation; radioactive waste; CO{sub 2} emissions as an argument in favour of nuclear power generation. The material presented is intended for use by a school project team interested in the subjects, or as a basis for collaborative, interdisciplinary teaching in working groups, and it offers information and problems for mathematics teaching. (HP) [Deutsch] Neben vielen Informationen behandelt die Broschuere: Strahlen und Strahlenwirkungen; Sicherheit deutscher Kernkraftwerke; statistischer Nachweis von Strahlenschaeden; Kurz- und Langfestigkeit der Strahlenbelastung; radioaktiver Abfall; CO{sub 2}-Problematik als Argument fuer die Kernenergie. Die Broschuere ist gedacht z.B. fuer eine Projektgruppe, einen Projekttag, fuer eine Lerngruppe in faecheruebergreifender Kooperation. Die Materialien sind ausgearbeitet fuer die Themembearbeitung im Mathematikunterricht mit Uebungsaufgaben. (HP)

Feasibility study for new ecolabels according to ISO 14024 (type I) within the product group: small cogeneration plants; Machbarkeitsstudie fuer neue Umweltzeichen in Anlehnung an ISO 14024 (Type I) fuer die Produktgruppe: Kleine Blockheizkraftwerk-Module

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hoffmann, E.; Hirschl, B.; Kaliske, J. [Institut fuer Oekologische Wirtschaftsforschung (IOEW) gGmbH, Berlin (Germany); Reese, I.; Grimpe, T. [Hamburg Gas Consult (HGC) GmbH (Germany)

2000-11-02

available data, it is not possible at the moment to derive concrete criteria for an ecolabel in this field. After the introduction of initial products onto the market, corresponding requirements for plants based on this new technology should be specified. (orig.) [German] Beim vorliegenden Gutachten handelt es sich um eine Machbarkeitsstudie nach ISO 14024. Es behandelt die Frage, ob ein Umweltzeichen fuer kleine BHKW-Module gerechtfertigt ist, und welche Anforderungen diese im Vergabefall erfuellen sollten. Im Rahmen der Untersuchung wurde zunaechst eine umfassende Marktanalyse durchgefuehrt, um daraus die Anlagen zu identifizieren, die fuer ein Umweltzeichen in Frage kommen. Im Hauptteil der Studie ging es um die vertiefende Analyse der Umweltrelevanz der ausgewaehlten Anlagen. Hierzu wurde eine Herstellerbefragung durchgefuehrt und ausgeaehlte BHKW anhand eines Systemvergleiches mit Gas- und Oelheizkesseln verglichen. Auf der Basis dieser Analyse wurden Anforderungskataloge fuer Gas- und Diesel-BHKW-Module abgeleitet, die in einem Fachgespraech in einer breiten Runde von Experten und Herstellern vorgestellt und diskutiert wurden. Aus der Studie und dem Fachgespraech konnte ein deutliches Votum fuer ein Umweltzeichen fuer die untersuchten BHWK-Module abgeleitet werden. Die vorgeschlagenen Vergabegrundlagen umfassen Anforderungen an Richtlinienkonformitaet, rationelle Energienutzung (Elektrischer und Gesamtwirkungsgrad bei Nennlast und Teillast, Angabe des Hilfsstrombedarfes), Emissionswerte von CO, NO{sub x}, Staub und organischen Stoffen, Schallemissionen, Angebot von Wartungsvertraegen, Ruecknahmeverpflichtung sowie Anforderungen an die Bedienungsanleitung. Als moegliche Umschrift eines Zeichens fuer kleine BHKW-Module wird empfohlen: 'Umweltzeichen... weil energieefizient'. Neben motorischen BHKW wurden auch kleine Brennstoffzellen-BHKW untersucht. Diese befinden sich zur Zeit noch in einer Feldtest- und Erprobungsphase. Sie weisen deutliche oekologische

Research for the thermal change. Contributions; Forschung fuer die Waermewende. Beitraege

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Szczepanski, Petra; Wunschick, Franziska; Martin, Niklas (comps.)

2016-05-15

The energy transition in the heating sector is not a sure-fire success and it is too slow. This is alarming since the heating / cooling sector is responsible for more than half of the final energy demand. That the ''thermal change'' has accelerated hardly despite many efforts by politics, industry and research in recent years, is the reason for the scientists the FVEE institutes to examine the perspectives of renewable energy and the need to increase efficiency in the heating sector systematically. therefore FVEE-2015 Annual Meeting, is entitled ''Research for the thermal change''. The contributions of this conference proceedings present the latest research results and show ways to implement the heat change technically, economically and politically. They are dedicated to the drivers, but also the barriers of heat change. The authors report on innovative projects to provide buildings with heat from geothermal energy, biomass and solar thermal energy. Several contributions are dedicated to the application of efficient components, such as thermal insulation, thermal storage and heat pumps. [German] Die Energiewende im Waermesektor ist kein Selbstlaeufer und kommt zu langsam voran. Das ist alarmierend, da der Waerme-/Kaeltesektor fuer ueber die Haelfte des Endenergiebedarfs verantwortlich ist. Dass die ''Waermewende'' trotz vielerlei Bemuehungen von Politik, Industrie und Forschung in den letzten Jahren kaum Fahrt aufgenommen hat, ist Anlass fuer die Wissenschaftlerinnen und Wissenschaftler der FVEE-Institute, die Perspektiven der erneuerbaren Energien und der notwendigen Effizienzsteigerung im Waermesektor systematisch zu untersuchen. Die FVEE-Jahrestagung 2015 steht deshalb unter dem Leitthema ''Forschung fuer die Waermewende''. Die Beitraege dieses Tagungsbandes praesentieren aktuelle Forschungsergebnisse und zeigen Wege auf, um die Waermewende technisch, wirtschaftlich und politisch

Knitted structures of endless fibers for gas cleaning. Pt. 2; Gestrickte Strukturen aus Endlosfasern fuer die Abgasreinigung. T. 2

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Mayer, A.; Mayer, J.; Wintermantel, E.; Buck, A.; Schmidt, R.M.; Mattes, P.; Sudmanns, H.; Bressler, H.

1995-07-01

Knittings based on ceramic filament yarns can be used to clean polluted air and exhaust gas efficiently up to temperatures of 1000 C. They provide interesting properties for the filtration of Diesel particles as well as for catalysis and adsorption of toxic gas components. The special knitting technology can handle any brittle fibers, producing elastic structures, which are thermochoc-resistent and can therefore even be used for preturbo applications. The first part of this paper, published in MTZ 56 (1995) 2 deals with the basic properties of this cleaning medium. This second part concentrates on Diesel particulate trop applications. These new trap and catalyst concepts are under development by Buck/Bondorf with TTM/Niederrohrdorf. Basic research is delegated to ETH Zuerich and Universitaet by Gillet/Edenkoben and, with focus on preturbo-applications by MTU/Friedrichshafen. (orig.) [Deutsch] Gestricke aus keramischen Endlosfasern sind bis zu Temperaturen um 1000 C fuer die Abluft- und Abgasreinigung einsetzbar. Sie eignen sich fuer die Filtration von Dieselpartikeln, insbesondere deren Feinstfraktionen ebenso wie fuer die Katalyse und fuer die Adsorption gasfoermiger Schadstoffkomponenten. Die Strukturen sind volumenelastisch, unempfindlich gegen Thermoschock und daher auch im motornahen Bereich risikoarm einsetzbar. In einem ersten Teilbeitrag in der Februarausgabe der MTZ wurden grundlegende Erkenntnisse dieses Abgasreinigungsmediums beschrieben. Der vorliegende zweite Teil beschreibt Anwendungen mit Schwerpunkt Dieselpartikelfilter. Diese neue Fasertechnik wird bei Buck, Bondorf, zusammen mit TTM, Niderrohrdorf, entwickelt. Forschungsarbeiten werden an der ETH Zuerich und der Universitaet Erlangen im Rahmen des BMFT-Projektes 01 VQ 9305/9 durchgefuehrt. Fragen zu motornachgeschalteten Anwendungen untersucht Gillett, Edenkoben, Moeglichkeiten der Motorintegration solcher Filter die MTU Friedrichshafen. (orig.)

Evolution of robotic arms.

Science.gov (United States)

Moran, Michael E

2007-01-01

The foundation of surgical robotics is in the development of the robotic arm. This is a thorough review of the literature on the nature and development of this device with emphasis on surgical applications. We have reviewed the published literature and classified robotic arms by their application: show, industrial application, medical application, etc. There is a definite trend in the manufacture of robotic arms toward more dextrous devices, more degrees-of-freedom, and capabilities beyond the human arm. da Vinci designed the first sophisticated robotic arm in 1495 with four degrees-of-freedom and an analog on-board controller supplying power and programmability. von Kemplen's chess-playing automaton left arm was quite sophisticated. Unimate introduced the first industrial robotic arm in 1961, it has subsequently evolved into the PUMA arm. In 1963 the Rancho arm was designed; Minsky's Tentacle arm appeared in 1968, Scheinman's Stanford arm in 1969, and MIT's Silver arm in 1974. Aird became the first cyborg human with a robotic arm in 1993. In 2000 Miguel Nicolalis redefined possible man-machine capacity in his work on cerebral implantation in owl-monkeys directly interfacing with robotic arms both locally and at a distance. The robotic arm is the end-effector of robotic systems and currently is the hallmark feature of the da Vinci Surgical System making its entrance into surgical application. But, despite the potential advantages of this computer-controlled master-slave system, robotic arms have definite limitations. Ongoing work in robotics has many potential solutions to the drawbacks of current robotic surgical systems.

Lead-free sliding overplate for highly loaded big end bearings; Bleifreie Laufschicht fuer hochbelastete Haupt- und Pleuellager

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Graham, N.; Schnell, L.; Arnold, G. [Federal-Mogul Wiesbaden GmbH and Co. KG (Germany)

2003-10-01

Lead has always been an important metal in plain bearing technology. Completely lead-free solutions for high-end engine applications are still not considered to be technically achievable. Therefore, the European End of Life Directive (2000/53/EC), which took effect on 1 July 2003, lists copper-based lead/bronze bearings as an exception. The bearing group of Federal-Mogul has now announced its exit from the lead industry and addresses the issue layer by layer. A recently introduced adaptive bearing offers a lead-free overplate for high-performance internal combustion engine applications. This new bearing changes its technical characteristics during the running-in phase. (orig.) [German] Blei war schon immer eine wichtige Komponente in der Gleitlagertechnik. Bis heute gelten vollstaendig bleifreie Loesungen fuer hochbelastete Gleitlager als technisch nicht machbar. Deshalb nennt die europaeische Altautoverordnung (2000/53/EG), die seit dem 1. Juli 2003 in Kraft ist, als Ausnahme die kupferbasierten Bleibronzelager. Die Gleitlagergruppe von Federal-Mogul hat jetzt ihren Rueckzug aus der Verarbeitung von Blei angekuendigt und geht das Thema Schicht fuer Schicht an. Ein kuerzlich eingefuehrtes, anpassungsfaehiges Lager fuer High-End-Verbrennungsmotoren verfuegt ueber eine bleifreie Laufschicht. Bei diesem neuen Lager veraendern sich die technischen Eigenschaften waehrend der Einlaufphase. (orig.)

Development and optimization of processes for producing highly efficient large-area PV modules based on amorphous silicon. Final report; Entwicklung und Optimierung von Prozessen zur Fertigung hocheffizienter grossflaechiger a-Si-PV-Module. Abschlussbericht

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Maurus, H.; Ruebel, H.; Frammelsberger, W.; Geyer, R.; Lechner, P.; Psyk, W.; Schade, H.

2001-07-31

This report contains fundamental topics on further developing the PV technology based on amorphous silicon (a-Si), namely upscaling of laboratory processes to production size areas, improvement of patterning processes to minimize area losses due to monolithic series connection of cells, speeding up individual process steps while maintaining their reproducibility, long-term stability of encapsulated modules. Among the superstrate technologies of the competitors, the module efficiency has reached an international standard. The throughput of the pilot production line has been substantially increased by improving the process cycle times and the equipment uptime. (orig.) [German] Der vorliegende Bericht beinhaltet grundlegende Arbeiten zur Weiterentwicklung der a-Si PV-Technologie. Er behandelt die Themen: Aufskalierung von kleinflaechiger Laborabscheidetechnologie auf groessere industrierelevante Flaechen, Verbesserung und Optimierung von Strukturierungsverfahren fuer hohe Flaechenausnutzung, Beschleunigung und Reproduzierbarkeit der Einzelprozesse sowie Langzeitstabilitaet von verkapselten Modulen. Der Modulwirkungsgrad hat - verglichen mit gleichartiger Technologie von Wettbewerbern - internationalen Standard erreicht. Der Durchsatz der Pilotfertigungsanlage konnte aufgrund der Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Kenngroessen Anlagenverfuegbarkeit und Taktzeit wesentlich erhoeht werden. (orig.)

Revision of the law governing the energy industry; Neuregelung des Energierechts

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Anon,

1993-11-03

In its report on measures for safeguarding the competitiveness of the German industry, the Federal Government announced a number of reforms covering among others a revision of the regulatory framework governing the electricity and gas industry. Major goals in this context are deregulation and an enhancement of competition. The Federal Ministry of Economics prepared a draft plan for action addressing the need for an amendment of the Energy Management Act and the Act Against Restraints on Competition. Implementation of the measures given in the draft plan would create completely new conditions for the pipeline energy supply industry. (orig./HSCH) [Deutsch] Die Bundesregierung hat in ihrem Bericht zur Zukunftssicherung des Wirtschaftsstandorts Deutschland auch die Reform des Ordnungsrahmens fuer Strom und Gas angekuendigt. Ziel dieser Reform sollen Wettbewerb und Deregulierung sein. Das Bundeswirtschaftsministerium hat dazu auf Fachebene ein Konzept erarbeitet, das ein neues Energiewirtschaftsgesetz sowie eine Aenderung des Gesetzes gegen Wettbewerbsbeschraenkungen umfasst. Das Konzept wuerde die leitungsgebundene Versorgungswirtschaft auf eine voellig neue Grundlage stellen. (orig./HSCH)

Selection of compressors and drives for natural gas storage and transport - technical and economic aspects; Auswahl von Verdichtern und Antriebsmaschinen fuer die Erdgasspeicherung und den Erdgastransport - technische und wirtschaftliche Aspekte

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Heyer, F.; Wieke, S. [Heyer und Wieke Engineering, Muenchen (Germany)

1998-12-31

Selection of the proper compressor/drive combination is indispensable for optimizing natural gas storage. The contribution presents a comparison of the available systems. (orig.) [Deutsch] Fuer die Verdichtung von Erdgas fuer die Erdgasspeicherung und den Erdgastransport ist die Auswahl der fuer den jeweiligen Anwendungsfall geeigneten Verdichter-Antriebskombination eine wesentliche Voraussetzung fuer einen technisch und wirtschaftlich optimalen Betrieb. Unter Beruecksichtigung des Marktes werden die Varianten (Verdichter-Antriebskombinationen) definiert und in einem technischen Vergleich Vor- und Nachteile der einzelnen Alternativen gegenuebergestellt und bewertet. Die Einhaltung der Betriebsanforderungen und der Anforderungen der TA-Luft und TA-Laerm, der Wirkungsgrad, die Zuverlaessigkeit und Verfuegbarkeit muessen einer besonders intensiven Pruefung und Beurteilung unterzogen werden. Das Ergebnis der vergleichenden Bewertung der Varianten kann eine neue Definition der Varianten oder der Anforderungen notwendig machen. (orig.)

A universal concept for IV-supported operation management; Ein universelles Konzept fuer die IV-gestuetzte Betriebsfuehrung

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sturm, A.

1997-12-31

The continuing rise in cost pressure calls for measures for enhancing the efficiency of operation management and maintenance. At the same time it is necessary to maintain the requisite reliability of production and keep abreast of the ever more stringent requirements of working safety and environment protection. This paper presents an integral operation management system for production plants which does justice to both the productive and the and the conserving function of operation management. The development and introduction of this system to conventional power plants has meanwhile begun. The system consistently gives consideration to the fact that operation management depends on processing data and information of different properties. Whereas process data can show strong fluctuations, there are many kinds of information on the plant concerning, for example, plant installations, processes, damage, and maintenance which hardly fluctuate at all or only change over long time periods. These latter include plant and installation addresses, technical data on the system or on maintenance. In operation management systems designed for production plants it can therefore be useful to organise the handling of process data (dynamic data) and plant data (static data) separately. [Deutsch] Der immer staerkere Kostendruck erfordert Massnahmen zur Effizienzsteigerung der Betriebsfuehrung und der Instandhaltung bei Erhaltung der erforderlichen Zuverlaessigkeit der Produktion, steigenden Anforderungen an Arbeitssicherheit und Umweltschutz. Ein Gesamtbetriebsfuehrungssystem, das sowohl die Produktionsfunktion, als auch die Erhaltungsfunktion abdeckt, wurde fuer Produktionsanlagen konzipiert. Fuer konventionelle Kraftwerke wurde die Entwicklung und Einfuehrung begonnen. Dieses System beruecksichtigt konsequent, dass bei der Betriebsfuehrung Daten und Informationen mit unterschiedlichen Eigenschaften zu verarbeiten sind. Waehrend die Prozessdaten hoch fluktuierende Daten sein koennen

Investigation of the characteristics of multicrystalline silicon for solar cell production: Defects in crystalline silicon (DIXSI). Final report; Verbesserung des Materialverstaendnisses von multikristallinem Silicium fuer Solarzellen: Defekte in kristallinem Silicium (DIXSI). Abschlussbericht

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Eyer, A. [Fraunhofer-Institut fuer Solare Energiesysteme (ISE), Freiburg im Breisgau (Germany); Kittler, M. [Institut fuer Halbleiterphysik GmbH, Frankfurt an der Oder (Germany); Wolf, E. [Institut fuer Kristallzuechtung im Forschungsverbund Berlin e.V. (IKZ) (Germany); Breitenstein, O. [Max-Planck-Institut fuer Mikrostrukturphysik, Halle/Saale (Germany); Schulz, M.; Pensl, G.; Strunk, H.P. [Erlangen-Nuernberg Univ., Erlangen (Germany). Inst. fuer Werkstoffwissenschaften; Schroeter, W. [Goettingen Univ. (Germany). 4. Physikalisches Inst. - Halbleiterphysik; Gottschalk, H. [Koeln Univ. (Germany). 2. Physikalisches Inst.; Moeller, H.J. [Technische Univ. Bergakademie Freiberg (Germany). Inst. fuer Experimentelle Physik

1997-02-01

The report describes trends and advances in the fabrication of solar cells from silicon. The investigations were restricted to mc-Si and GZ-Si wafers from German producers and on solar cells made from these. (HW) [Deutsch] Der Bericht beschreibt die Entwicklung und die Fortschritte bei der Fabrikation von Siliziumsolarzellen. Die Untersuchungen wurden auf mc-Si und GZ-Si-Scheiben deutscher Hersteller und auf daraus von der deutschen Industrie gefertigte Solarzellen beschraenkt. (HW)

Integral energy concepts for housing estates; Integrale Energiekonzepte fuer Wohnsiedlungen

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Fisch, M.N.; Kuehl, L. [Technische Univ. Braunschweig (Germany)

1998-06-01

Integral energy concepts for housing estates require an early cooperation between architects, planners, and specialist engineers on the basis of a holistic planning approach. This is how future-oriented, sustainable concepts evolve which do justice to the multifarious requirements on the integral energy system of a housing estate. The present paper elucidates different approaches to optimising the energy efficiency of buildings such as the implementation of low-energy house concepts, building site and architectural planning, and detailed planning of heat insulation concepts, ventilation and air tightness concepts, and adapted heating systems. The solarisation of development plans has an influence on the arrangement of buildings, which are now planned to give the greatest possible passive and active solar energy gains. The authors also describe solar-assisted district heating systems for housing estates. [Deutsch] Integrale Energiekonzepte fuer Wohnsiedlungen erfordern die fruehe Zusammenarbeit von Architekten, Planern und Fachingenieuren im Rahmen einer ganzheitlichen Planung. So entstehen zukunftsweisende und tragfaehige Konzepte, die den vielschichtigen Anforderungen des Gesamtenergiesystems ``Wohnsiedlung`` gerecht werden. Im Folgenden wird die energetische Optimierung von Gebaeuden wie die Umsetzung von Niedrigenergiehaus-Konzepten, Standort und Gebaeudeplanung sowie Detailplanung in Bezug auf das Waermedaemmkonzept, Lueftungs-/Dichtheitskonzept und auf angepasste Waermeversorgungssysteme erl autert. Die Solarisierung von Bebauungsplaenen beeinflusste Anordnung der Gebaeude hinsichtlich der Nutzung passivsolarer Gewinne sowie des Einsatzes von Systemen der aktiven Solarenergienutzung. Solarunterstuetzte Nahwaermenetze fuer Wohnsiedlungen werden ebenfalls beschrieben.

Monitoring of the cogeneration agreement from 19th December 2003 for the partition combined heat and power. Reporting period 2010 (Fourth and last report); Monitoring der Kraft-Waerme-Kopplungs-Vereinbarung vom 19. Dezember 2003 fuer den Teilbereich Kraft-Waerme-Kopplung. Berichtszeitraum 2010 (Vierter und letzter Bericht)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Gores, Sabine; Harthan, Ralph O.

2012-06-04

Beside the obligation to implement the agreed measures, also the attendance of the 'Agreement between the Government of the Federal Republic of Germany and the German economy on the climate precaution, on the reduction of the CO{sub 2} emissions and on the promotion of the cogeneration in supplement to the climate agreement from 9th November, 2000' by a continuous was initiated. The Rheinisch-Westfaelisches Institut fuer Wirtschaftsforschung (Essen, Bundesrepublik Deutschland) was commissioned with the monitoring of the cogeneration agreement. The monitoring report under consideration is based on the monitoring reports and the relevant official statistics as well as data for the power generation from renewable energy sources.

Shaft barriers for underground waste repositories in abandoned salt mines. Preparatory project. Vol. 2. Annex; Schachtverschluesse fuer untertaegige Deponien in Salzbergwerken. Vorprojekt. Bd. 2. Anhang

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Schmidt, M W [GSF - Forschungszentrum fuer Umwelt und Gesundheit, Remlingen (Germany). Forschungsbergwerk Asse; Fruth, R [GSF - Forschungszentrum fuer Umwelt und Gesundheit, Remlingen (Germany). Forschungsbergwerk Asse; Stockmann, N [GSF - Forschungszentrum fuer Umwelt und Gesundheit, Remlingen (Germany). Forschungsbergwerk Asse; Birthler, H [Gesellschaft fuer Anlagen- und Reaktorsicherheit mbH Greece, Braunschweig (Germany). Fachbereich Endlagersicherheitsforschung; Boese, B [Gesellschaft fuer Anlagen- und Reaktorsicherheit mbH Greece, Braunschweig (Germany). Fachbereich Endlagersicherheitsforschung; Storck, R [Gesellschaft fuer Anlagen- und Reaktorsicherheit mbH Greece, Braunschweig (Germany). Fachbereich Endlagersicherheitsforschung; Sitz, P [Technische Univ. Bergakademie Freiberg (Germany). Inst. fuer Bergbau; Krausse, A [Technische Univ. Bergakademie Freiberg (Germany). Inst. fuer Bergbau; Eulenberger, K H [Technische Univ. Bergakademie Freiberg (Germany). Inst. fuer Bergbau; Schleinig, J P [Technische Univ. Bergakademie Freiberg (Germany). Inst. fuer Bergbau; Duddeck, H [Technische Univ. Braunschweig (Germany). Inst. fuer Statik; Ahrens, H [Technische Univ. Braunschweig (Germany). Inst. fuer Statik; Menzel, W [IfG Inst. fuer Gebirgsmechanik GmbH, Leipzig (Germany); Salzer, K [IfG Inst. fuer Gebirgsmechanik GmbH, Leipzig (Germany); Minkley, W [IfG Inst. fuer Gebirgsmechanik GmbH, Leipzig (Germany); Busche, H [Kali und Salz AG, Kassel (Germany); Lindloff, U [Kali und Salz AG, Kassel (Germany); Gierenz, S [Kali und Salz AG, Kassel (Germany)

1996-12-31

This preparatory study, ``Shaft barriers for underground waste repositories in abandoned salt mines``, was to demonstrate the current scientific and technological know-how based on a comprehensive analysis of the barrier design concepts or established structures intended to serve as barriers in abandoned shafts of potash or rock salt mines. Taking as a basis the current regulatory regime and the available know-how on barrier systems in underground waste repositories taken into account so far in plan approval and licensing procedures, as well as the state of the art, concepts are developed as technical guides and models of barrier systems for mine shafts. The required research work for the various components of a shaft barrier is shown, particularly relating to aspects such as materials suitability and technical realisation. Immediate demand for research activities is shown with regard to the available potentials of mathematic and numeric geotechnical and hydrogeologic calculation models required in order to give proof of the long-term workability of shaft barriers. The authors are of the opinion that the following activities are required in order to meet the research demand quantified: (1) Laboratory and bench-scale experiments for determination of the efficiency of various sealing materials and backfilling materials, and (2) an in-situ, large-scale experiment in order to demonstrate the suitability of low-consolidation shotter columns, or constructional technologies. The laboratory work can be done in the facilities of the GSF research mine of Asse, the Freiburg Mining Academy, and the Institut fuer Gebirgsmechanik in Leipzig, and the benchmark experiments also at the Asse site in the research mine. The Kali und Salz Beteiligungs AG is prepared to offer its mine Salzdetfurth II as a site for the large-scale experiment. (orig.) [Deutsch] Im Rahmen der Vorstudie ``Schachtverschluesse fuer Untertagedeponien in Salzbergwerken`` wird ausgehend von einer umfangreichen

Shaft barriers for underground waste repositories in abandoned salt mines. Preparatory project. Vol. 2. Annex; Schachtverschluesse fuer untertaegige Deponien in Salzbergwerken. Vorprojekt. Bd. 2. Anhang

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Schmidt, M.W. [GSF - Forschungszentrum fuer Umwelt und Gesundheit, Remlingen (Germany). Forschungsbergwerk Asse; Fruth, R. [GSF - Forschungszentrum fuer Umwelt und Gesundheit, Remlingen (Germany). Forschungsbergwerk Asse; Stockmann, N. [GSF - Forschungszentrum fuer Umwelt und Gesundheit, Remlingen (Germany). Forschungsbergwerk Asse; Birthler, H. [Gesellschaft fuer Anlagen- und Reaktorsicherheit mbH Greece, Braunschweig (Germany). Fachbereich Endlagersicherheitsforschung; Boese, B. [Gesellschaft fuer Anlagen- und Reaktorsicherheit mbH Greece, Braunschweig (Germany). Fachbereich Endlagersicherheitsforschung; Storck, R. [Gesellschaft fuer Anlagen- und Reaktorsicherheit mbH Greece, Braunschweig (Germany). Fachbereich Endlagersicherheitsforschung; Sitz, P. [Technische Univ. Bergakademie Freiberg (Germany). Inst. fuer Bergbau; Krausse, A. [Technische Univ. Bergakademie Freiberg (Germany). Inst. fuer Bergbau; Eulenberger, K.H. [Technische Univ. Bergakademie Freiberg (Germany). Inst. fuer Bergbau; Schleinig, J.P. [Technische Univ. Bergakademie Freiberg (Germany). Inst. fuer Bergbau; Duddeck, H. [Technische Univ. Braunschweig (Germany). Inst. fuer Statik; Ahrens, H. [Technische Univ. Braunschweig (Germany). Inst. fuer Statik; Menzel, W. [IfG Inst. fuer Gebirgsmechanik GmbH, Leipzig (Germany); Salzer, K. [IfG Inst. fuer Gebirgsmechanik GmbH, Leipzig (Germany); Minkley, W. [IfG Inst. fuer Gebirgsmechanik GmbH, Leipzig (Germany); Busche, H. [Kali und Salz AG, Kassel (Germany); Lindloff, U. [Kali und Salz AG, Kassel (Germany); Gierenz, S. [Kali und Salz AG, Kassel (Germany)

1995-12-31

This preparatory study, ``Shaft barriers for underground waste repositories in abandoned salt mines``, was to demonstrate the current scientific and technological know-how based on a comprehensive analysis of the barrier design concepts or established structures intended to serve as barriers in abandoned shafts of potash or rock salt mines. Taking as a basis the current regulatory regime and the available know-how on barrier systems in underground waste repositories taken into account so far in plan approval and licensing procedures, as well as the state of the art, concepts are developed as technical guides and models of barrier systems for mine shafts. The required research work for the various components of a shaft barrier is shown, particularly relating to aspects such as materials suitability and technical realisation. Immediate demand for research activities is shown with regard to the available potentials of mathematic and numeric geotechnical and hydrogeologic calculation models required in order to give proof of the long-term workability of shaft barriers. The authors are of the opinion that the following activities are required in order to meet the research demand quantified: (1) Laboratory and bench-scale experiments for determination of the efficiency of various sealing materials and backfilling materials, and (2) an in-situ, large-scale experiment in order to demonstrate the suitability of low-consolidation shotter columns, or constructional technologies. The laboratory work can be done in the facilities of the GSF research mine of Asse, the Freiburg Mining Academy, and the Institut fuer Gebirgsmechanik in Leipzig, and the benchmark experiments also at the Asse site in the research mine. The Kali und Salz Beteiligungs AG is prepared to offer its mine Salzdetfurth II as a site for the large-scale experiment. (orig.) [Deutsch] Im Rahmen der Vorstudie ``Schachtverschluesse fuer Untertagedeponien in Salzbergwerken`` wird ausgehend von einer umfangreichen

Solar-assisted district heating system - Scientific study. Solar-assisted district heating system with long-term thermal storage in Friedrichshafen-Wiggenhausen and Hamburg-Bramfeld.. Results of the first year of operation; Solar unterstuetzte Nahwaermeversorgung - Wissenschaftliches Begleitprogramm. Solare Nahwaermeversorgung mit Langzeitwaermespeicher in Friedrichshafen-Wiggenhausen und Hamburg-Bramfeld. Ergebnisse des ersten Betriebsjahres

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Schulz, M.E.; Mahler, B.; Hahne, E. [Stuttgart Univ. (Germany). Inst. fuer Thermodynamik und Waermetechnik

1998-12-31

The first two pilot plants for solar district heating with seasonal thermal energy storage were put in operation in October 1996. Both projects were initiated by the Institute for Thermodynamics and Thermal Energy Technology (ITW) of the University of Stuttgart that also provided scientific support up to the present. This report presents the results of the first two years of operation of both plants. Both solar plants have been operated without any major problems. The solar energy yield in the first year of operation has only been reduced by the unsatisfactory operation of the heating grid. The most important step towards optimising the plants is the adjustment of the internal heating systems and thus the reduction of the heating temperatures which are currently too high. Based on subject pre-conditions the results projected for the first pilot plants for solar district heating and long-term thermal energy storage will be reached in the following years of operation. (orig.) [Deutsch] Im Oktober 1996 gingen die ersten beiden Pilotanlagen zur solaren Nahwaermeversorgung mit saisonaler Waermespeicherung in Betrieb. Beide Projekte wurden vom Institut fuer Thermodynamik und Waermetechnik (ITW), Universitaet Stuttgart initiiert und ueber die gesamte bisherige Laufzeit wissenschaftlich begleitet. Die Ergebnisse des ersten Betriebsjahres der beiden Anlagen sind in diesem Bericht zusammengestellt. In beiden Faellen funktionieren die Solaranlagen ohne grosse Probleme. Die solaren Ertraege wurden im ersten Betriebsjahr noch durch die unzureichende Betriebsweise der Heiznetze gemindert. Wichtigster Ansatzpunkt fuer eine Optimierung der Anlagen ist die Einregulierung der hausinternen Heizungssysteme und damit die Absenkung der derzeit noch zu hohen Heiznetztemperaturen. Unter dieser Voraussetzung werden die vorausgesagten Ergebnisse fuer die ersten Pilotanlagen zur solaren Nahwaerme mit Langzeit-Waermespeicher in den naechsten Betriebsjahren erreicht werden. (orig.)

Development of the Strength Level on Arm for Indonesian People in Lifting Activity

Science.gov (United States)

Soewardi, H.; Prabaswari, A. D.; Muzakiroh, H. A.

2017-12-01

Lifting is one of manual material handling activity that involves the whole part of a body. This activity is significant to contribute musculoskeletal disorder specifically on arms. It is because the arms are a major strength to lift objects. However, many people do not know the capability of their arm so that the task designed does not comply with the limitation of workers. Thus, it is required to determine a level of strength on arms. The objective of this study is to develop the strength level of arms for Indonesian people based on musculoskeletal contraction. An experimental study is conducted in the ergonomics laboratory. 24 males and 24 females was participated in this study which consists of three different ethnics. They are sixteen participants of Ethnic A, sixteen participants of Ethnic B and sixteen participants of Ethnic C. A case study of lifting consists of 4 positions of object. They are 38 cm in height, 50 cm in height, 85 - 115 cm in height for forming 90 degrees of the elbow and 100 cm in height. Back lift technique was implemented. An Electromyography is used to investigate muscle contraction on arms. Statistical analysis is done to test the hypothesis. The result of this study shows that the arm strength level for Indonesian workers has significant differences between males and females among difference Ethnic. For male, Ethnic A has 28.82% - 79.28% of MVC, Ethnic B has 17.74% - 58.67% of MVC, and Ethnic C has 22.13% - 68.67% of MVC. For female, Ethnic A has 28.28% - 84.63% of MVC, Ethnic B has 24.47% - 70.98% of MVC, and Ethnic C has 24.24% - 75.67% of MVC.

Results report on research and development work 1980 of the Institut fuer Nukleare Entsorgungstechnik

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

1981-02-01

The Institut fuer Nukleare Entsorgungstechnik performs research and development work on the treatment, solidification and final storage of radioactive wastes. The main target of the work is to develop processes and concepts for a safe disposal of radioactive wastes from nuclear plants. The work on waste treatment is carried out within the framework of the reprocessing and waste treatment project. It comprises of the development and characterization of ultimate storable waste products as well as the development of processes for the treatment and solidification of radioactive wastes mainly from reprocessing irradiated nuclear fuels. The studies on the ultimate storage are carried out together with the 'Gesellschaft fuer Strahlen- und Umweltforschung'. Their main concern is the analysis of processes in the neighbourhood of ultimate storage (waste product, packing, filling and immediate surrounding storage medium) for normal and accident conditions and their safety technical optimization. The report is supplemented by a list of publications and lectures of the institute coworkers in 1980. (orig./RB) [de

The Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) for high-voltage overhead lines; Umweltvertraeglichkeitspruefung (UVP) fuer Hochspannungsfreileitungen

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Klockow, S. [Landesentwicklungsgesellschaft Baden-Wuerttemberg, Stuttgart (Germany). Abt. Umwelt

1996-11-04

In some of the federal states of Germany the licensing of new or the laying or existing high-voltage overhead lines requires an environmental impact assessment. For many utility companies, however, environmental impact assessments for high-voltage lines are virgin territory. Experience shows that preparing the documentation is not a major problem. Questions usually arise over details such as the calculation of possible incidents or the comparison of different layouts. The authors describes general approaches and strategies and looks at specific problems. (orig.) [Deutsch] Bei der Genehmigung neuer oder der Verlegung vorhandener Hochspannungsfreileitungen ist in einigen Bundeslaendern eine Umweltvertraeglichkeitspruefung durchzufuehren. Fuer viele Energieversorgungsunternehmen ist die Erarbeitung von Umweltvertraeglichkeitsstudien fuer Hochspannungsleitungen aber noch Neuland. Praxiserfahrungen zeigen, dass die Erarbeitung der erforderlichen Unterlagen ohne groessere Schwierigkeiten moeglich ist. Fragen ergeben sich dabei aber bei speziellen Details, z.B. bei der Betrachtung von moeglichen Stoerfaellen oder beim Vergleich von Trassenvarianten. Der Verfasser skizziert das allgemeine Vorgehen und erlaeutert ausfuehrlich die Detailprobleme. (orig.)

Marine environment protection of the North Sea and Baltic Sea. Special report - February 2004; Meeresumweltschutz fuer Nord- und Ostsee. Sondergutachten - Februar 2004

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2004-07-01

The marine environment of the North Sea and Baltic Sea is still heavily polluted. The marine ecosystems are under severe stress from overfishing, water pollution, raw materials production and tourism. Environmental protection in this region necessitates decisive political initiatives and strict corrections especially in fishery policy, agricultural policy and chemical substances control. This is the balance of the special expert opinion of the Council of Environmental Experts. The publication specifies the main problem areas, the current pollution situation, the fields where action is most urgently required - especially in fishery, chemical substances, agricultural and sea travel policies - and presents suggestions for an integrated European and national marine protection policy including a regional development concept for the marine environment. (orig.) [German] Die Meeresumwelt von Nord- und Ostsee ist nach wie vor stark belastet. Ueberfischung, Schadstoffeintraege und Ueberduengung sowie die intensive Nutzung durch Schifffahrt, Rohstoffabbau und Tourismus beeintraechtigen vielfach massiv die marinen Oekosysteme. Ein wirksamer Meeresumweltschutz erfordert daher einschneidende politische Initiativen und grundlegende Korrekturen insbesondere in der Fischereipolitik, der Agrarpolitik und bei der Chemikalienregulierung. Diese Bilanz zieht der Rat von Sachverstaendigen fuer Umweltfragen in seinem aktuellen Sondergutachten 'Meeresumweltschutz fuer Nord- und Ostsee'. Das Sondergutachen - gibt einen Ueberblick ueber die wichtigsten Problemfelder und die aktuelle Belastungslage, - zeigt den wesentlichen Handlungsbedarf auf, insbesondere fuer die Fischerei-, Chemikalien-, Agrar- und Schifffahrtspolitik und - entwickelt Vorschlaege fuer eine integrierte europaeische und nationale Meeresschutzpolitik einschliesslich einer Merresraumordnung. (orig.)

Forest report 2015 for Baden-Wuerttemberg; Waldzustandsbericht 2015 fuer Baden-Wuerttemberg

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Meining, Stefan [Buero fuer Umweltueberwachung, Freiburg (Germany); Wilpert, Klaus v.; Hoelscher, Andrea [Forstliche Versuchs- und Forschungsanstalt Baden-Wuerttemberg, Freiburg im Breisgau (Germany); and others

2015-07-01

In Baden-Wuerttemberg, the state of forests has been recorded since the 1980s in the course of an annual forest status report. In 2015, a decline in forest damage can be reported. As an indicator for the evaluation of the forest state, the crown condition of the trees applies. The average crown defoliation has been reduced by two percentage points to around 24 percent, while the share of healthy forest areas increased by five percentage points to a total of 29 percent. The clearly damaged forest areas decreased by six percentage points to 36 percent. Concerns are causing a relatively new fungus disease in the tree species ash, the ash dieback. [German] In Baden-Wuerttemberg wird der Zustand der Waelder seit den 1980er Jahren im Zuge eines jaehrlichen Waldzustandsberichtes erfasst. Fuer das Jahr 2015 kann erfreulicherweise einen Rueckgang der Waldschaeden verzeichnet werden. Als Indikator fuer die Beurteilung des Waldzustandes gilt der Kronenzustand der Baeume. Die durchschnittliche Kronenverlichtung hat sich um zwei Prozentpunkte auf rund 24 Prozent verringert, waehrend sich der Anteil der gesunden Waldflaeche um fuenf Prozentpunkte auf insgesamt 29 Prozent erhoehte. Die deutlich geschaedigten Waldflaechen verringerten sich um sechs Prozentpunkte auf 36 Prozent. Sorgen bereitet eine relativ neue Pilzerkrankung bei der Baumart Esche, das Eschentriebsterben.

PM-materials for hot working tools; PM-Werkstoffe fuer warmgehende Werkzeuge

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Berns, H.; Broeckmann, C.; Theisen, W. [Bochum Univ. (Germany). Fakultaet fuer Maschinenbau; Wewers, B.

2001-05-01

Tools and wear parts for compacting tools are subjected to high abrasive wear and mechanical loading at elevated temperatures. MMC's based in iron- or nickel with hard particles are developed and investigated. The materials were manufactured from powders by hot isostatic pressing (HIP) and subsequently heat treated. Diffusion between hard phases and metal matrix brings about certain micro structures which were tested with respect to the resistance against sliding abrasion at room and elevated temperatures. Three-point bending tests and thermal cycling of the material was utilized to characterise the mechanical behaviour. Based on this results a toolkit for a roller press for briquetting was produced and brought into application. (orig.) [German] Werkzeuge und Verschleissteile fuer die Verarbeitung von mineralischen Guetern bei erhoehter Temperatur unterliegen sowohl hohem abrasivem Verschleiss als auch hohen mechanischen Lasten. Es werden hartphasenhaltige Verbundwerkstoffe auf Eisen- und Nickelbasis entwickelt und untersucht. Die Fertigung dieser MMC's erfolgt durch heiss isostatisches Pressen (HIP) und anschliessende Waermebehandlung. Durch Diffusion zwischen Hartphasen und Metallmatrix entstehen Gefuege, die bezueglich ihres Widerstandes gegen Abrasivverschleiss bei Raumtemperatur und gegen Korngleitverschliess bei erhoehter Temperatur geprueft werden. Zur Charakterisierung der mechanischen Eigeschaften werden Dreipunktbiegeversuche und thermsiche Ermuedungsversuche durchgefuehrt. Die gewonnenen Erkenntnisse werden genutzt, um einen Werkzeugsatz fuer eine Brikettierpresse herzustellen und in Einsatz zu bringen. (orig.)

Isolated effects of peripheral arm and central body cooling on arm performance.

Science.gov (United States)

Giesbrecht, G G; Wu, M P; White, M D; Johnston, C E; Bristow, G K

1995-10-01

Whole body cooling impairs manual arm performance. The independent contributions of local (peripheral) and/or whole body (central) cooling are not known. Therefore, a protocol was developed in which the arm and the rest of the body could be independently cooled. Biceps temperature (Tmus), at a depth of 20 mm, and esophageal temperature (Tes) were measured. Six subjects were immersed to the clavicles in a tank (body tank) of water under 3 conditions: 1) cold body-cold arm (CB-CA); 2) warm body-cold arm (WB-CA); and 3) cold body-warm arm (CB-WA). In the latter two conditions, subjects placed their dominant arm in a separate (arm) tank. Water temperature (Tw) in each tank was independently controlled. In conditions requiring cold body and/or cold arm, Tw in the appropriate tanks was 8 degrees C. In conditions requiring warm body and/or warm arm, Tw in the appropriate tanks was adjusted between 29 and 38 degrees C to maintain body/arm temperature at baseline values. A battery of 6 tests, requiring fine or gross motor movements, were performed immediately before immersion and after 15, 45, and 70 minutes of immersion. In CB-CA, Tes decreased from an average of 37.2 to 35.6 degrees C and Tmus decreased from 34.6 to 22.0 degrees C. In WB-CA, Tmus decreased to 18.1 degrees C (Tes = 37.1 degrees C), and in CB-WA, Tes decreased to 35.8 degrees C (Tmus = 34.5 degrees C). By the end of immersion, there were significant decrements (43-85%) in the performance of all tests in CB-CA and WB-CA (p body and/or the arm elicits large decrements in finger, hand and arm performance. The decrements are due almost entirely to the local effects of arm tissue cooling.

Innovative inspection system for reactor pressure vessels; Innovative Pruefsysteme fuer Reaktordruckbehaelter

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Mertens, K.; Trautmann, H.

1999-08-01

The versatile, compact and modern underwater systems described, the DELPHIN manipulators and MIDAS submarines, are innovative systems enabling RPV inspections at considerably reduced efforts and time, thus reducing the total time required for ISI of reactors. (orig./CB) [Deutsch] Die vorgestellten kleinen, flexiblen und modernen Schwimmsysteme (DELPHIN-Manipulatoren und MIDAS-U-Boote) sind innovative Systeme fuer die Reduzierung der Aufwaende und Zeit zur Pruefung des Reaktordruckbehaelters und damit zur Reduktion der Revisionszeiten der Reaktoranlagen. (orig.)

Oil-free piston compressors for compressed air and gas; Oellose Kolbenkompressoren fuer Druckluft und Gase

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Frefel, B. [Fritz Haug AG, St. Gallen (Switzerland)

2002-11-01

Oil-free compressors are lubricated with special materials in dry operation. The technology was developed 35 years ago by the Swiss company, Fritz Haug AG. Originally developed for 10 - 40 bar, oil-free compressors are now available for both the low-pressure and high-pressure range. [German] Unter dem Begriff ''oellose Kompressoren'' versteht man Verdichter, die in der ganzen Anlage keinen Tropfen Oel verwenden, weder im Fuehrungs- und Verdichtungstell noch im Triebwerk. Die Schmierung erfolgt mit speziellen Materiallen im Trockenlauf. Die Technik der oellosen und trockenlaufenden Kolbenkompressoren wurde bereits vor rund 35 Jahren von der schweizer Firma Fritz Haug AG entwickelt. Anfaenglich war die Anwendung der Verdichtung von Luft auf 10 bis 40 bar vorbehalten. Durch Weiterentwicklungen in neue Materiallen und in der Konstruktion besteht heute auch ein umfangreiches Sortiment an Kompressoren fuer die oellose und trockene Verdichtung von Gasen fuer den Nieder- und Hochdruckbereich. (orig.)

Have Third-World Arms Industries Reduced Arms Imports?

OpenAIRE

Looney, R.E.

1989-01-01

Current Research on Peace and Violence, no. 1, 1989. Refereed Journal Article In 1945 only Argentina, Brazil, India and South Africa in the Third World possessed domestic arms industries which produced weapons systems other than small arms and ammunition (SIPRI, 1987, 76).

Arm Pain

Science.gov (United States)

... be a sign of a heart attack. Seek emergency treatment if you have: Arm, shoulder or back ... http://www.mayoclinic.org/symptoms/arm-pain/basics/definition/SYM-20050870 . Mayo Clinic Footer Legal Conditions and ...

Solarsupport for schools. Utilization of sleeping photovoltaic plants for environmental communication; Solarsupport fuer Schulen. Schlafende Fotovoltaikanlagen fuer die Umweltkommunikation nutzen

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Scharp, Michael; Dinziol, Martin; Kliche, Florian

2009-07-15

A central question of today's political debates is: Which means are there for ensuring a long-term and sustainable energy supply? Here, strategies for covering tomorrow's energy supply assign renewable energies a decisive role. In face of constantly rising prices for fossil fuels like carbon, oil and gas or the still open question concerning the removal of atomic waste, these discussions are eminently urgent. In order to confront climatic change, renewable energies are needed, so that also in the future a longterm and sustainable energy supply is secured. Sustainable energy supply is the context for the project Solarsupport, which has been supported by the Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety (FKZ 0327613). The project has been coordinated by the Institute for Environmental Questions (''Unabhaengige Institut fuer Umweltfragen e.V.'' - UFU) and conducted in cooperation with the Institute for Future Studies and Technology Assessment (''Institut fuer Zukunfststudien und Technologiebewertung gGmbH'' - IZT) and the German Society for Solar Energy, Regional Association Berlin-Brandenburg (Deutsche Gesellschaft fuer Sonnenenergie Regionalverband Berlin-Brandenburg e.V. - DGS). Particularly, the project is concerned with the pedagogical use of solar energy at school. Despite the relatively high number of solar plants at schools, only a few use their plants for pedagogical means. The project Solarsupport surveyed schools with solar plants. As the main reason for the insufficient pedagogical use of solar plants the interviewed teachers named the la ck of a pedagogical concept and their colleagues' disinterest, two factors which are able to reinforce one another. Moreover, it became clear that because of their insufficient technical equipment (no displays, no means for evaluating the plants' output, no connection with the school computers and internet) a high number of the

Alpine solar power station on Sareiserjoch - application of and sturdiness test on a new plastic mounting system; Alpines Solarkraftwerk Sareiserjoch - Anwendung und Haertetest fuer ein neues Kunststoff-Montagesystem

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Krause, J. [NEWTEC, Plaston AG, Widnau (Switzerland)

1997-12-31

In Malbun in Liechtenstein a grid-connected 22 kW{sub p} PV system has been set up at an altitude of 1900 metres. This system serves its operator as a test of potovoltaics in general and of the mounting systems used in its load-bearing contruction and the fastening of its modules. The present article describes the load-bearing construction and plastic mounting cramp employed. (HW) [Deutsch] Im liechtensteinischen Malbun wurde auf 1900 Metern ueber Meer eine netzgekoppelte 11 kWp-PV-Anlage erstellt, die fuer den Anlagenbetreiber als Test fuer die Photovoltaik im allgemeinen wie auf fuer neue Montagesysteme sowohl bei der Tragkonstruktion als auch bei der Modulbefestigung dienen soll. Tragkonstruktion und Kunststoff-Montageklammer werden dargestellt. (HW)

Forest report 2012 for Baden-Wuerttemberg; Waldzustandsbericht 2012 fuer Baden-Wuerttemberg

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Meining, Stefan [Buero fuer Umweltueberwachung, Freiburg (Germany); Wilpert, Klaus v.; Schaeffer, Juergen; Hartmann, Peter; Schumacher, Joerg; Delb, Horst [Forstliche Versuchs- und Forschungsanstalt Baden-Wuerttemberg, Freiburg im Breisgau (Germany); Augustin, Nicole [Bath Univ. (United Kingdom)

2012-07-01

The Forest State Report 2012 systematically records the health status of the forest resources in the country on a scientific basis. Environmental information is measured, recorded and evaluated in the context of forest environmental monitoring using a measuring network. More than a third of the forest area has suffered significant damage. The share of undamaged forest areas has declined by almost one third to 26 percent since last year. Compared to the previous year, the crown damage increased by an average of 2.5 percentage points. More important, however, is the fact that for the two main tree species spruce and beech since the turn of the millennium, there has been a marked increase in the damage intensity for all age groups. [German] Der Waldzustandsbericht 2012 erfasst auf wissenschaftlicher Basis systematisch den Gesundheitszustand der Waldbestaende im Land. Im Rahmen des Forstlichen Umweltmonitorings werden mit Hilfe eines Messnetzes Umweltinformationen gemessen, erfasst und ausgewertet. Ueber ein Drittel der Waldflaeche weist deutliche Schaeden auf. Der Anteil der ungeschaedigten Waldflaechen ist seit dem letzten Jahr um fast ein Drittel auf 26 Prozent zurueckgegangen. Die Kronenschaeden haben gegenueber dem Vorjahr um durchschnittlich 2,5 Prozentpunkte zugenommen. Wichtiger ist jedoch der Befund, dass fuer die beiden Hauptbaumarten Fichte und Buche seit der Jahrtausendwende ein deutlicher Anstieg der Schadensintensitaet fuer alle Altersklassen zu beobachten ist.

The energy-optimized house at Zittau - a new teaching and research buliding for gas and HVAC engineering; Das Niedrigenergiehaus Zittau - ein neues Lehr- und Foschungsgebaeude fuer die Gas- und die Versorgungstechnik

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Wilsdorf, J. [Hochschule fuer Technik, Wirtschaft und Sozialwesen, Zittau/Goerlitz, Zittau (Germany). Fachbereich Bauwesen, Lehrgebiet Gastechnik

1996-06-01

By means of the new energy-optimized building at Zittau, an education and research object, the Hochschule fuer Technik, Wirtschaft und Sozialwesen of Zittau is enhancing the practice-oriented education of students especially in the curricula hvac engineering and structural engineering. As an experimental building it is, at the same time, a complex system demonstrating energy-saving construction and heating and permitting to carry out research and development work. The article describes the concepts and execution of the building. (orig.) [Deutsch] Mit dem neuen Lehr- und Forschungsgebaeude `Niedrigenergiehaus Zittau` verbessert die Hochschule fuer Technik, Wirtschaft und Sozialwesen Zittau die praxisbezogene Ausbildung der Studenten vor allem in den Studiengaengen der Ver- und Entsorgungstechnik und des Bauingenieurwesens. Zugleich ist es als Experimentalbau ein komplexes System fuer energiesparendes Bauen und Heizen und bietet hervorragende Voraussetzungen fuer die Durchfuehrung von Forschungs- und Entwicklungsarbeiten. Im Artikel werden Konzepte und Einrichtungen des Gebaeudes beschrieben. (orig.)

48. Annual meeting of the Deutsche Gesellschaft fuer Neuroradiologie. Joint annual meeting of the DGNR and OeGNR. Abstracts; 48. Jahrestagung der Deutschen Gesellschaft fuer Neuroradiologie. Gemeinsame Jahrestagung der DGNR und OeGNR. Abstracts

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2013-09-15

The conference proceedings of the 48. Annual meeting of the Deutsche Gesellschaft fuer Neuroradiologie contain abstracts on the following issues: neuro-oncological imaging, multimodal imaging concepts, subcranial imaging, spinal codes, interventional neuroradiology, innovative techniques like high-field MRT and hybrid imaging methods, inflammable and metabolic central nervous system diseases and epilepsy.

Device for applying organic chemicals to lysimeter surfaces; Applikationsvorrichtung fuer organische Chemikalien auf Lysimeteroberflaechen

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Schroll, R. [GSF - Forschungszentrum fuer Umwelt und Gesundheit Neuherberg GmbH, Oberschleissheim (Germany). Inst. fuer Bodenoekologie

1999-02-01

One of the aims of environmental research at the GSF Research Centre for the Environment and Health is to determine the behaviour of environmentally consequential chemicals in terrestrial ecosystems under as natural conditions as possible. The GSF lysimeter plant in Neuherberg permits studying the environmental behaviour of organic chemicals in different soils. Collaborators at GSF have developed a means of applying -14-marked substances in field lysimeters so as to be able to refind released chemicals, identify their conversion products and set up mass balances for the chemicals. [Deutsch] Ein Ziel der Umweltforschung im GSF-Forschungszentrum fuer Umwelt und Gesundheit ist es, das Verhalten von Umweltchemikalien in terrestrischen Oekosystemen unter moeglichst natuerlichen Bedingungen zu bestimmen. In der GSF-Lysimeteranlage Neuherberg kann das Umweltverhalten von Organika in verschiedenen Boeden untersucht werden. Zur Wiedererkennung der ausgebrachten Chemikalie bzw. zur Identifizierung aus ihr entstandener Umwandlungsprodukte und letztendlich auch zur Erstellung einer Massenbilanz fuer das ausgebrachte Praeparat wurde in der GSF die Moeglichkeit geschaffen, {sup 14}C-markierte Substanzen in Freilandlysimetern applizieren zu koennen. (orig.)

Placement of iliosacral screws using 3D image-guided (O-Arm) technology and Stealth Navigation: comparison with traditional fluoroscopy.

Science.gov (United States)

Theologis, A A; Burch, S; Pekmezci, M

2016-05-01

We compared the accuracy, operating time and radiation exposure of the introduction of iliosacral screws using O-arm/Stealth Navigation and standard fluoroscopy. Iliosacral screws were introduced percutaneously into the first sacral body (S1) of ten human cadavers, four men and six women. The mean age was 77 years (58 to 85). Screws were introduced using a standard technique into the left side of S1 using C-Arm fluoroscopy and then into the right side using O-Arm/Stealth Navigation. The radiation was measured on the surgeon by dosimeters placed under a lead thyroid shield and apron, on a finger, a hat and on the cadavers. There were no neuroforaminal breaches in either group. The set-up time for the O-Arm was significantly longer than for the C-Arm, while total time for placement of the screws was significantly shorter for the O-Arm than for the C-Arm (p = 0.001). The mean absorbed radiation dose during fluoroscopy was 1063 mRad (432.5 mRad to 4150 mRad). No radiation was detected on the surgeon during fluoroscopy, or when he left the room during the use of the O-Arm. The mean radiation detected on the cadavers was significantly higher in the O-Arm group (2710 mRem standard deviation (sd) 1922) than during fluoroscopy (11.9 mRem sd 14.8) (p Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2016;98-B:696-702. ©2016 The British Editorial Society of Bone & Joint Surgery.

Commissioning and first clinical application of mARC treatment

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Dzierma, Yvonne; Nuesken, Frank G.; Kremp, Stephanie; Palm, Jan; Licht, Norbert P.; Ruebe, Christian [Universitaetsklinikum des Saarlandes, Klinik fuer Strahlentherapie und Radioonkologie, Homburg, Saarland (Germany)

2014-11-15

weniger als 1 % ab. In der 3D-Dosisverteilung erfuellen ueber 95 % der Punkte das 3D-Gamma-Kriterium (3 % lokale Dosis, 3 mm Abstand fuer alle Werte > 20 % der Maximaldosis). Die patienten-spezifische Verifikation der mARC-Dosisverteilung mit den Planberechnungen hat eine vergleichbare Uebereinstimmung. Die Behandlungszeiten liegen zwischen 2 und 5 Minuten fuer eine Rotation. Unseres Wissens ist dies der erste Bericht ueber eine klinische Anwendung der mARC-Technik. Der mARC ermoeglicht eine signifikante Zeitersparnis. Mit einer Rotation von wenigen Minuten Dauer kann eine mit der IMRT vergleichbare Dosisverteilung erzielt werden. (orig.)

Electromechanical and robot-assisted arm training for improving activities of daily living, arm function, and arm muscle strength after stroke.

Science.gov (United States)

Mehrholz, Jan; Pohl, Marcus; Platz, Thomas; Kugler, Joachim; Elsner, Bernhard

2015-11-07

Electromechanical and robot-assisted arm training devices are used in rehabilitation, and may help to improve arm function after stroke. To assess the effectiveness of electromechanical and robot-assisted arm training for improving activities of daily living, arm function, and arm muscle strength in people after stroke. We also assessed the acceptability and safety of the therapy. We searched the Cochrane Stroke Group's Trials Register (last searched February 2015), the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) (the Cochrane Library 2015, Issue 3), MEDLINE (1950 to March 2015), EMBASE (1980 to March 2015), CINAHL (1982 to March 2015), AMED (1985 to March 2015), SPORTDiscus (1949 to March 2015), PEDro (searched April 2015), Compendex (1972 to March 2015), and Inspec (1969 to March 2015). We also handsearched relevant conference proceedings, searched trials and research registers, checked reference lists, and contacted trialists, experts, and researchers in our field, as well as manufacturers of commercial devices. Randomised controlled trials comparing electromechanical and robot-assisted arm training for recovery of arm function with other rehabilitation or placebo interventions, or no treatment, for people after stroke. Two review authors independently selected trials for inclusion, assessed trial quality and risk of bias, and extracted data. We contacted trialists for additional information. We analysed the results as standardised mean differences (SMDs) for continuous variables and risk differences (RDs) for dichotomous variables. We included 34 trials (involving 1160 participants) in this update of our review. Electromechanical and robot-assisted arm training improved activities of daily living scores (SMD 0.37, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.11 to 0.64, P = 0.005, I² = 62%), arm function (SMD 0.35, 95% CI 0.18 to 0.51, P arm muscle strength (SMD 0.36, 95% CI 0.01 to 0.70, P = 0.04, I² = 72%), but the quality of the evidence was low to very low

Bundesamt fuer Strahlenschutz (BfS). Annual report 2011; Bundesamt fuer Strahlenschutz (BfS). Jahresbericht 2011

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ebermann, Lutz (comp.)

2012-07-01

The annual report 2011 of the Bundesamt fuer Strahlenschutz (BfS) includes the following main articles: Fukushima and the consequences, new power lines across Germany and the management of radioactive wastes in Germany. Further topics of the BfS were reasonable exposure to sun and skin cancer prevention, individual health assessment of lung cancer with low-dose CT, occupational radiation exposure in medicine, radiation protection at setting up digital radio of security authorities and organizations, importance of laboratory ring experiments for incorporation monitoring, defence against nuclear hazards: cooperation and exercises in 2011, new developments with regard to radioactivity in drinking water, reportable events in nuclear facilities in 2011, decommissioning of a permanently shut down NPP. The environmental research program of the Federal Environmental ministry - research for strengthening nuclear safety and radiation protection: German uranium miners biobank: consequences of uranium mining and radiological impacts, German miners cohort study, health effects of strong magnetic fields of NMR imaging, radiation exposure due to nuclear medical examinations, national survey on the radio-cesium contamination of wild boars.

Toward New Horizons. Volume 3. Technical Intelligence Supplement

Science.gov (United States)

1946-05-01

34 Lilienthal- Gesel - schaft, Bericht Nr. 15 6 (194 2). 4. H. Ludwieg, "Pfeilflugel bei hohen Geschwindigkeiten," Lilienthal-Gesellschaft, Bericht Nt. 127 (1940... Gesell - schaft Bericht Nr. 139 (Teil 1), p 29. 18. R. Lehnert, "Systematische Messungen an neun einfachen Geschossformen in Vergleich zu Messungender...intricate optical instrumentation (Suhara’s movie camera with 50,000 frames per second), as well as various types of measuring apparatus, were developed

ARM Airborne Carbon Measurements (ARM-ACME) and ARM-ACME 2.5 Final Campaign Reports

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Biraud, S. C. [Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States); Tom, M. S. [Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States); Sweeney, C. [NOAA Earth Systems Research Lab., Boulder, CO (United States)

2016-01-01

We report on a 5-year multi-institution and multi-agency airborne study of atmospheric composition and carbon cycling at the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Climate Research Facility’s Southern Great Plains (SGP) site, with scientific objectives that are central to the carbon-cycle and radiative-forcing goals of the U.S. Global Change Research Program and the North American Carbon Program (NACP). The goal of these measurements is to improve understanding of 1) the carbon exchange of the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) SGP region; 2) how CO₂ and associated water and energy fluxes influence radiative-forcing, convective processes, and CO₂ concentrations over the ARM SGP region, and 3) how greenhouse gases are transported on continental scales.

Powered manipulator control arm

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Le Mouee, Theodore; Vertut, Jean; Marchal, Paul; Germon, J.C.; Petit, Michel

1975-01-01

A remote operated control arm for powered manipulators is described. It includes an assembly allowing several movements with position sensors for each movement. The number of possible arm movements equals the number of possible manipulator movements. The control systems may be interrupted as required. One part of the arm is fitted with a system to lock it with respect to another part of the arm without affecting the other movements, so long as the positions of the manipulator and the arm have not been brought into complete coincidence. With this system the locking can be ended when complete concordance is achieved [fr

Diagnostic systems for motor vehicles. From diagnosis and moni; Diagnosesysteme fuer Kraftfahrzeuge. Von der Diagnose und Ueberwachung bis zum E-Commerce

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Baeker, B.; Forchert, T. [DB DaimlerChrysler AG, Stuttgart (Germany). Abt. FT2/ED

2001-07-01

Starting from the technical necessity of having monitoring and diagnostic systems in all compartments of modern passenger cars, the contribution discusses how new service concepts can be integrated as well. New diagnostic approaches are outlined which, in addition to failure detection, also enable optimization of the development process chain. At the same time, the depth of diagnosis is improved in order to obtain a multitude of new meta information while driving, which will serve as a basis for installing new services in the vehicle. [German] Gestiegend Komfortanforderungen und die gewachsene Komplexitaet in heutigen und zukuenftigen Elektrik/Elektronik-Systemen fuer Kraftfahrzeuge erfordern leistungsfaehige Diagnosesysteme. Um gleichzeitig im Rahmen der Globalisierung die Wertschoepfungskette weiter zu staerken, muessen als logische Konsequenz des Marktes Ansaetze fuer neuartige Dienstleistungskonzepte erdacht und integriert werden. Dieser Aufsatz diskutiert ausgehend von der technischen Notwendigkeit zukuenftiger Ueberwachungs- und Diagnosesysteme in allen Bereichen moderner Kraftfahrzeuge moegliche Wege zu derartigen Ansaetzen denkbarer systemuebergreifender Dienstleistungsschritte am Fahrzeug. Dabei werden technologisch neuartige Diagnoseansaetze skizziert, die neben einer Fehlererkennung auch die Optimierung der Entwicklungsprozesskette zulassen. Eine gleichzeitige Erhoehung der Diagnosetiefe schafft die Grundlage, eine Vielzahl neuer Meta-Informationen waehrend der Fahrt zu generieren. Diese bilden die Basis fuer neue Dienste am Fahrzeug. (orig.)

ARM Airborne Carbon Measurements VI (ARM-ACME VI) Field Campaign Report

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Biraud, Sebastien [Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)

2017-05-01

From October 1, 2015 through September 30, 2016, AAF deployed a Cessna 206 aircraft over the Southern Great Plains, collecting observations of trace gas mixing ratios over the ARM/SGP Central Facility. The aircraft payload included two Atmospheric Observing Systems (AOS Inc.) analyzers for continuous measurements of CO2, and a 12-flask sampler for analysis of carbon cycle gases (CO2, CO, CH4, N2O, 13CO2). The aircraft payload also includes solar/infrared radiation measurements. This research (supported by DOE ARM and TES programs) builds upon previous ARM-ACME missions. The goal of these measurements is to improve understanding of: (a) the carbon exchange of the ARM region; (b) how CO2 and associated water and energy fluxes influence radiative forcing, convective processes, and CO2 concentrations over the ARM region, and (c) how greenhouse gases are transported on continental scales.

Bygningers varmebehov 98, Bv98

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Bygningers energibehov og i SBI-anvisning 189 Småhuse. Programmet kan anvendes på pc under operativsystemet Microsoft Windows 95, Windows 98 og Windows NT 4.0, Servicepack 3 eller nyere. Pc-programmet er en revideret og moderniseret udgave af pc-programmet Bygningers Varmebehov, BV95, som SBI udgav i 1995....

ARM Mentor Selection Process

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sisterson, D. L. [Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States)

2015-10-01

The Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Program was created in 1989 with funding from the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) to develop several highly instrumented ground stations to study cloud formation processes and their influence on radiative transfer. In 2003, the ARM Program became a national scientific user facility, known as the ARM Climate Research Facility. This scientific infrastructure provides for fixed sites, mobile facilities, an aerial facility, and a data archive available for use by scientists worldwide through the ARM Climate Research Facility—a scientific user facility. The ARM Climate Research Facility currently operates more than 300 instrument systems that provide ground-based observations of the atmospheric column. To keep ARM at the forefront of climate observations, the ARM infrastructure depends heavily on instrument scientists and engineers, also known as lead mentors. Lead mentors must have an excellent understanding of in situ and remote-sensing instrumentation theory and operation and have comprehensive knowledge of critical scale-dependent atmospheric processes. They must also possess the technical and analytical skills to develop new data retrievals that provide innovative approaches for creating research-quality data sets. The ARM Climate Research Facility is seeking the best overall qualified candidate who can fulfill lead mentor requirements in a timely manner.

Quality assurance for the incorporation surveillance in Germany; Qualitaetssicherung fuer die Inkorporationsueberwachung in Deutschland

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Buchholz, Werner; Gerstmann, Udo; Hartmann, Martina; Loescher, Simone; Meisenberg, Oliver; Woidy, Patrick [Bundesamt fuer Strahlenschutz, Oberschleissheim (Germany). FB Strahlenschutz und Gesundheit

2017-08-01

The coordination center of the Bundesamt fuer Strahlenschutz is performing annual ring experiments for in-vivo and in-vitro measuring points. This procedure allows checking the measuring data and the competence of the personnel. In the last years these tests included also radionuclides that are important in radiation emergency protection. Case studies for dose determination based on incorporation scenarios are included.

The arms race control

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Nemo, J.

2010-01-01

Written in 1961, this paper presents the content of a book entitled 'The arms race control' where the author outlined the difference between disarmament and arms control, described the economic and moral role of arms race, the importance of force balance for international security. He wandered whether arms control could ensure this balance and whether nuclear balance meant force balance. Force balance then appears to be a precarious and unsteady component of international security. He commented the challenges of disarmament, recalled some arguments for a nuclear disarmament. Then he discussed what would be an arms control with or without disarmament (either nuclear or conventional)

How do octopuses use their arms?

Science.gov (United States)

Mather, J A

1998-09-01

A taxonomy of the movement patterns of the 8 flexible arms of octopuses is constructed. Components consist of movements of the arm itself, the ventral suckers and their stalks, as well as the relative position of arms and the skin web between them. Within 1 arm, combinations of components result in a variety of behaviors. At the level of all arms, 1 group of behaviors is described as postures, on the basis of the spread of all arms and the web to make a 2-dimensional surface whose position differs in the 3rd dimension. Another group of arm behaviors is actions, more or less coordinated and involving several to all arms. Arm control appears to be based on radial symmetry, relative equipotentiality of all arms, relative independence of each arm, and separability of components within the arm. The types and coordination of arm behaviors are discussed with relationship to biomechanical limits, muscle structures, and neuronal programming.

Customer care policy for utilities - demonstrated with the example of a call center; Customer Care fuer EVU - Wirkungszusammenhaenge am Beispiel des Telefon-Service

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Weisse, D. [Consulting und Services, pdv Unternehmensberatung GmbH, Roesrath (Germany)

2000-01-10

Customer care policy, for preventing change to another provider and consolidating customer loyalty, is becoming a strategic (powerful) instrument for a utility in the competitive market. But what does this really imply for the day-to-day process of dealing with client-specific operations and workflows? The article describes the interactions between strategic marketing for ensuring client satisfaction and the resulting requirements to be met by a utility's call center, and also describes the key 'parameters' and requirements for successful day-to-day management of call centers. (orig./CB) [German] Customer Care zur Reduzierung der Wechselbereitschaft bzw. zur Erhoehung der Kundenbindung wird fuer EVU zu einem strategischen Instrument im Kampf um die Kunden. Aber was bedeutet dies fuer die operative Abwicklung der kundenbezogenen Geschaeftsprozesse? Der Verfasser erlaeutert die Zusammenhaenge zwischen dem strategischen Ziel der Kundenzufriedenheit und der operativen Umsetzung des Telefon-Service und beschreibt die 'Stellschrauben', die fuer diesen Zweck bei der Planung aber auch im taeglichen Management eines Call Centers zur Verfuegung stehen. (orig.)

Water emission inventory for the Federal Republic of Germany; Emissionsinventar Wasser fuer die Bundesrepublik Deutschland

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Boehm, E.; Hillenbrand, T.; Marscheider-Weidemann, F.; Schempp, C. [Fraunhofer-Institut fuer Systemtechnik und Innovationsforschung (ISI), Karlsruhe (Germany); Fuchs, S.; Scherer, U. [Karlsruhe Univ. (T.H.) (Germany). Inst. fuer Siedlungswasserwirtschaft; Luettgert, M. [RISA Sicherheitsanalysen GmbH, Berlin (Germany)

2000-11-01

Within the frame of this project, a concept for setting up exemplary emission inventories for water was put forward. An overview is given of the international activities on emission inventories and the status of national emission inventories. Based on the data situation in Germany, it was necessary to include both plant-specific, aggregated and calculated data of the point sources in the inventories. Due to their increasing significance, diffuse material emissions into water were also taken into account. Based on the conceptual work, exemplary emission inventories were compiled for nitrogen, phosphorous and adsorbable organic combined halides (AOX) as well as the heavy metals arsenic, cadmium, chrome, copper, mercury, nickel, lead and zinc. These were evaluated according to the areas of origin (sectors) or the emission paths as well as according to the large river basins Danube, Rhine, Ems, Weser, Elbe, Oder, North Sea and Baltic Sea. In addition, lists of the ten largest industrial direct dischargers were compiled. (orig.) [German] Im Rahmen dieses Vorhabens wurde ein Konzept fuer die Erstellung von beispielhaften Emissionsinventaren fuer Gewaesser erarbeitet. Es wird ein Ueberblick ueber die internationalen Aktivitaeten zu Emissionsinventaren und den Stand beim Aufbau von nationalen Emissionsinventaren gegeben. Auf Grund der Datensituation in Deutschland war es erforderlich, dass sowohl anlagenspezifische als auch aggregierte sowie berechnete Daten der Punktquellen in die Inventare einbezogen wurden. Wegen ihrer zunehmenden Bedeutung werden die diffusen Stoffeintraege in die Gewaesser ebenfalls beruecksichtigt. Aufbauend auf den konzeptionellen Arbeiten wurden beispielhafte Emissionsinventare fuer Stickstoff, Phosphor und adsorbierbare organisch gebundene Halogene (AOX) sowie die Schwermetalle Arsen, Cadmium, Chrom, Kupfer, Quecksilber, Nickel, Blei und Zink zusammengestellt. Die Auswertung erfolgte sowohl nach den Herkunftsbereichen (Branchen) bzw. den

Life cycle assessment of different disposal routes of sewage sludge; Oekobilanz verschiedener Entsorgungsmoeglichkeiten fuer Klaerschlamm

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Chassot, G.M.; Candinas, T. [Eidgenoessische Forschungsanstalt fuer Agraroekologie und Landbau (FAL), Inst. fuer Umweltschutz und Landwirtschaft IUL Liebefeld, Bern (Switzerland)

1998-11-01

The ecological impact of six different disposal routes for sewage sludge of a major sewage treatment plant (three options for agricultural use in liquid, dried and limetreated form, and three options of incineration in a mono-sewage sludge incineration plant, a cement factory and a `Schwel-Brenn` type incinerator for municipal solid waste) has been studied with an comprehensive inventory and five impact assessment methods. Three methods show the important role of soil pollution. Existing methods are not yet able to consider all the factors necessary. The inventories should be completed concerning natural phosphorus resources and organic micropollutants. (orig.) [Deutsch] Sechs Entsorgungsvarianten (drei betreffen die landwirtschaftliche Verwendung in fluessiger, thermisch getrockneter und gekalkter Form und drei die Verbrennung in einer Schlammverbrennungsanlage, einem Zementofen und einer Schwel-Brenn-Anlage fuer Kehricht) fuer den Klaerschlamm einer grossen ARA werden mittels Inventarisierung der verursachten Umweltbelastung und fuenf Bewertungsmethoden untersucht. Drei Methoden zeigen die wichtige Rolle der Bodenbelastung. Die verfuegbaren Methoden koennen aber wichtige Einflussgroessen noch nicht beruecksichtigen. Ferner sollten die Inventare bezueglich P-Ressourcen und organischen Schadstoffen vervollstaendigt werden. (orig.)

CyARM: Haptic Sensing Device for Spatial Localization on Basis of Exploration by Arms

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Junichi Akita

2009-01-01

Full Text Available We introduce a new type of perception aid device based on user's exploration action, which is named as CyARM (acronym of “Cyber Arm”. The user holds this device in her/his arm, the extension of the arm is controlled by tension in wires, which are attached to her/his body according to the distance to the object. This user interface has unique characteristics that give users the illusion of an imaginary arm that extends to existing objects. The implementations of CyARM and our two experiments to investigate the efficiency and effectiveness of CyARM are described. The results show that we could confirm that CyARM can be used to recognize the presence of an object in front of the user and to measure the relative distance to the object.

Thermal solar systems in domestic buildings. Evaluation of the Hessen state funding programme for thermal solar systems; Thermische Solaranlagen in Wohngebaeuden. Auswertung des Solarthermischen Foerderprogrammes des Landes Hessen fuer die Jahre 1992 - 1996

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lackschewitz, U.

1998-11-01

The report presents statistical information on all solar systems that received state funds. Problems concerning the installation of solar systems are gone into. The report focuses on service water heating systems both for single-family buildings and multiple dwellings. Further, four enquiries were carried out among operators and producers of thermal solar systems, and 29 state-funded solar systems were visited and investigated in situ. Based on the analysis of the funding programme so far, further measures are suggested. [German] Nach einer fuenfjaehrigen Laufzeit des Solarthermischen Foerderprogramms fuer Wohngebaeude beauftragte das Hessische Ministerium fuer Umwelt, Energie, Jugend, Familie und Gesundheit die Gesellschaft fuer umweltfreundliche Technologie e.V. in Kassel mit einer Auswertung des Foerderprogrammes fuer die Jahre 1992 bis 1996. Die Auswertung gibtzunaechst einen Ueberblick ueber alle gefoerderten Solaranlagen. Darueber hinaus wurden wichtige Fragestellungen, die bei der Installation thermischer Solaranlagen in Wohngebaeuden auftreten, anhand einer groesseren Zahl gefoerderter Solaranlagen untersucht. Schwerpunkte dieser Untersuchung bilden Solaranlagen zur Brauchwassererwaermung zum einen in Einfamilienhaeusern und zum anderen in groesseren Mehrfamilienhaeusern. Neben der Auswertung der Foerderantraege wurden dazu vier Umfragen bei Betreibern und Anbietern thermischer Solaranlagen durchgefuehrt und 29 gefoerderte Solaranlagen besichtigt. Aufbauend auf der Analyse des bisherigen Foerderprogrammes werden Vorschlaege fuer weitere Massnahmen des Landes zur Foerderung thermischer Solaranlagen unterbreitet. (orig.)

Deep Arm/Ear-ECG Image Learning for Highly Wearable Biometric Human Identification.

Science.gov (United States)

Zhang, Qingxue; Zhou, Dian

2018-01-01

In this study, to advance smart health applications which have increasing security/privacy requirements, we propose a novel highly wearable ECG-based user identification system, empowered by both non-standard convenient ECG lead configurations and deep learning techniques. Specifically, to achieve a super wearability, we suggest situating all the ECG electrodes on the left upper-arm, or behind the ears, and successfully obtain weak but distinguishable ECG waveforms. Afterwards, to identify individuals from weak ECG, we further present a two-stage framework, including ECG imaging and deep feature learning/identification. In the former stage, the ECG heartbeats are projected to a 2D state space, to reveal heartbeats' trajectory behaviors and produce 2D images by a split-then-hit method. In the second stage, a convolutional neural network is introduced to automatically learn the intricate patterns directly from the ECG image representations without heavy feature engineering, and then perform user identification. Experimental results on two acquired datasets using our wearable prototype, show a promising identification rate of 98.4% (single-arm-ECG) and 91.1% (ear-ECG), respectively. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first study on the feasibility of using single-arm-ECG/ear-ECG for user identification purpose, which is expected to contribute to pervasive ECG-based user identification in smart health applications.

ENC 98

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

1998-01-01

This press dossier document reports on the main points presented by the Framatome group at the ENC'98 colloquium which took place in Nice (France) on September 25 1998. The summary comprises 4 main parts: the 1997-98 highlights (nuclear realizations in France, China and Turkey, nuclear services, nuclear fuels), the international activities in the nuclear domain (USA, China, Eastern Europe), the research and development activities (the French-German joint EPR project, the high temperature reactor (HTR) project), and the service and nuclear fuel activities (maintenance, improvements, control and expertise). (J.S.)

Regional energy supply in 1994/1995. Progress report of the working pool of regional power supply companies (ARE e.V.); Regionale Energieversorgung 1994/1995. Taetigkeitsbericht der Arbeitsgemeinschaft regionaler Energieversorgungs-Unternehmen - ARE - e.V

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1996-04-01

Generally speaking the present report deals with the regional power supply as part of the whole economy. In this connection it also addresses issues of economic development. The following topics are covered in its report on the activities of ARE since the annual meeting of 1994; energy policy, regional supply in the new Laender, European common market for electricity, energy-economic law, special provisions under cartel law concerning public utilities. The report concludes with a description of the organisation of ARE (tasks and aims, members, executive board, management, committees, headquarters). (RHM) [Deutsch] Gegenstand des Berichtes ist zunaechst die regionale Energieversorgung im Rahmen der Gesamtwirtschaft. Dabei wird sowohl auf die wirtschaftliche Entwicklung als auf die regionale Energieversorgung eingegangen. Anschliessend wird ein Ueberblick ueber die Taetigkeit des ARE seit der Jahrestagung 1994 gegeben. Dabei werden Aktivitaeten in den Bereichen Energiepolitik, Regionalversorgung in den neuen Bundeslaendern, europaeischer Binnenmarkt fuer Elektrizitaet, Energiewirtschaftsrecht sowie kartellrechtlicher Ausnahmebereich Versorgungswirtschaft behandelt. Abschliessend wird die Organisation der ARE (Aufgaben und Ziele, Mitglieder, Vorstand, Geschaeftsfuehrung, Ausschuesse, Geschaeftsstelle) beschrieben. (RHM)

Regional energy supply in 1996/1997. Progress report of the working pool of regional power supply companies (ARE e.V.); Regionale Energieversorgung 1996-1997. Taetigkeitsbericht der Arbeitsgemeinschaft regionaler Energieversorgungs-Unternehmen - ARE - e.V

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1998-04-01

Generally speaking the present report deals with the regional power supply as part of the whole economy. In this connection it also addresses issues of economic development. The following topics are covered in its report on the activities of ARE since the annual meeting of 1996; energy policy, regional supply in the new Laender, European common market for electricity and natural gas, energy-economic law, special provisions under cartel law concerning public utilities. The report concludes with a description of the organisation of ARE (tasks and aims, members, executive board, management, committees, headquarters). (RHM) [Deutsch] Gegenstand des Berichtes ist zunaechst die regionale Energieversorgung im Rahmen der Gesamtwirtschaft. Dabei wird sowohl auf die wirtschaftliche Entwicklung als auf die regionale Energieversorgung eingegangen. Anschliessend wird ein Ueberblick ueber die Taetigkeit des ARE seit der Jahrestagung 1996 gegeben. Dabei werden Aktivitaeten in den Bereichen Energiepolitik, Regionalversorgung in den neuen Bundeslaendern, europaeischer Binnenmarkt fuer Elektrizitaet und Gas, Energiewirtschaftsrecht sowie kartellrechtlicher Ausnahmebereich Versorgungswirtschaft behandelt. Abschliessend wird die Organisation der ARE (Aufgaben und Ziele, Mitglieder, Vorstand, Geschaeftsfuehrung, Ausschuesse, Geschaeftsstelle) beschrieben. (RHM)

Mining in the Federal Republic of Germany 2012. Mining industries and statistics. 64th year 2013. Documentation; Der Bergbau in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland 2012. Bergwirtschaft und Statistik. 64. Jahrgang 2013. Dokumentation

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2013-11-15

The annual report of the series ''The mining industry in the Federal Republic of Germany - Mountain Economics and Statistics'' is published by the Federal Ministry of Economics and Technology in cooperation with the mining authorities of the federal states. It contains comprehensive data of all production facilities of mining industry in Germany and describes the position of the German industry in the context of the overall economic development. The report shows an interest in local raw materials as well as on the international raw materials economy. Moreover, the present publication provides a detailed statistics section. [German] Der Jahresbericht in der Reihe ''Der Bergbau in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland - Bergwirtschaft und Statistik'' wird vom Bundesministerium fuer Wirtschaft und Technologie in Zusammenarbeit mit den Bergbehoerden der Bundeslaender herausgegeben. Er enthaelt umfassende Daten aller Produktionsbetriebe des Bergbaus in Deutschland und beschreibt die Lage des deutschen Bergbaus im Zusammenhang mit der gesamtwirtschaftlichen Entwicklung. Der Bericht geht sowohl auf heimische Rohstoffe als auch auf die internationale Rohstoffwirtschaft ein. Darueber hinaus liefert die vorliegende Publikation einen ausfuehrlichen Statistikteil.

Armed conflict and child health.

Science.gov (United States)

Rieder, Michael; Choonara, Imti

2012-01-01

Armed conflict has a major impact on child health throughout the world. One in six children worldwide lives in an area of armed conflict and civilians are more likely to die than soldiers as a result of the conflict. In stark contrast to the effect on children, the international arms trade results in huge profits for the large corporations involved in producing arms, weapons and munitions. Armed conflict is not inevitable but is an important health issue that should be prevented.

Acceptance of energy management in medium-sized industrial firms in Hessen. Report to the IMPULS programme Hessen in Darmstadt; Akzeptanz von Energiemanagement in der mittelstaendischen Industrie in Hessen. Bericht an das IMPULS-Programm Hessen in Darmstadt

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Boede, U.; Gruber, E.; Weigert, K.

1998-07-01

Furthering of innovation processes in the sense of lastingly sustainable development demands recognizing existing obstacles and points where furtherance might be beneficial. The search for strategies and points of attack needs to start from existing attitudes and patterns of behaviour (commission of inquiry, 1997). This comprises implementation-oriented offers to enterprises, and offers taking needs into account. Within the framework of its energy conservation and climate protection policy, the state of Hessen furthers employment-accompanied qualification of planning and executing vocational groups as well as users in energy efficiency. The IMPULS programme of Hessen, a programme instituted by the ministry for the environment, energy, youth, family and health affairs of Hessen, organizes seminars on 'rational use of electric power' enabling decision-makers to inform themselves on energy-saving measures and to exchange their knowledge. Enterprises with a potential for in-house energy conservation have a great interest in hints and support to be rapidly transformed into action. (orig.) [German] Im Innovationsprozesse in Richtung einer nachhaltig zukunftsvertraeglichen Entwicklung zu foerdern, kommt es darauf an, vorhandene Hemnisse und Ansatzpunkte zur Foerderung zu erkennen. Die Suche nach Strategien und Ansatzpunkten muss an vorhandenen Einstellungen und Verhaltensmustern ansetzen (Enquete-Kommission, 1997). Darunter fallen auch umsetzungs- und an den Beduerfnissen orientierte Angebote fuer Unternehmen. Im Rahmen seiner Energieeinspar- und Klimaschutzpolitik foerdert das Land Hessen die berufsbegleitende Qualifikation im Energieeffizienzbereich fuer planende und ausfuehrende Berufsgruppen und fuer Anwender. Das IMPULS-Programm Hessen, eine Einrichtung des hessischen Ministeriums fuer Umwelt, Energie, Jugend, Familie und Gesundheit, bietet Entscheidungstraegern mit seinen Seminaren im Bereich 'rationelle Stromnutzung' die Moeglichkeit, sich ueber

Summarizing report on results obtained by institutions in Germany and Switzerland applying high-resolution detectors for health physics monitoring; Zusammenfassender Bericht ueber die Inkorporationsmessstellen mit hochaufloesenden Detektoren in Deutschland und der Schweiz

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sahre, P. [Verein fuer Kernverfahrenstechnik und Analytik Rossendorf e.V., Dresden (Germany)

1997-12-01

In order to gather as much information as possible about the performance of high-resolution detectors in whole-body and partial-body counters, a questionnaire was distributed to those health physics monitoring institutions in Germany and Switzerland known to apply such instruments. The inquiry also covered institutions in Prague, Budapest, and Seibersdorf which participate in activities of the AKI. The results of the inquiry are given in tabulated form. (orig./CB) [Deutsch] Um moeglichst viele Informationen ueber Ganz- und Teilkoerperzaehler, die mit hochaufloesenden Detektoren arbeiten, zu erfassen, wurde an alle in Deutschland und in der Schweiz arbeitenden Inkorporationsmessstellen ein Formular zur Erfassung von Erfahrungen mit hochaufloesenden Detektoren gesendet. In die Abfrage einbezogen wurden auch Messstellen aus Prag, Budapest und Seibersdorf, die im AKI involviert sind. Die Ergebnisse der Umfrage fuer Ganzkoerperzaehler und fuer Teilkoerperzaehler werden tabellarisch zusammengefasst. (orig./SR)

Inter-arm systolic blood pressure differences, relations with future vascular events and mortality in patients with and without manifest vascular disease.

Science.gov (United States)

Kranenburg, Guido; Spiering, Wilko; de Jong, Pim A; Kappelle, L Jaap; de Borst, Gert Jan; Cramer, Maarten J; Visseren, Frank L J; Aboyans, Victor; Westerink, Jan

2017-10-01

Inter-arm systolic blood pressure difference (SBPD) is an easily obtained patient characteristic which relates to vascular disease. We aimed to identify determinants of large inter-arm SBPD and to investigate the relation between inter-arm SBPD and vascular events in patients with and without manifest vascular disease. In a cohort of 7344 patients with manifest vascular disease or vascular risk factors alone enrolled in the Second Manifestations of ARTerial disease (SMART) study, single bilateral non-simultaneous blood pressure measurements were performed. Logistic and Cox regression was used to identify determinants of large inter-arm SBPD (≥15mmHg) and to investigate the relation between inter-arm SBPD and vascular events (composite of non-fatal myocardial infarction, stroke, and vascular mortality) and all-cause mortality. In all patients the median inter-arm SBPD was 7mmHg (IQR 3-11) and 1182 (16%) patients had inter-arm SBPD ≥15mmHg. Higher age, higher systolic blood pressure, diabetes mellitus, peripheral artery disease, carotid artery stenosis, higher carotid intima-media thickness, and lower ankle-brachial indices were related to large inter-arm SBPD (≥15mmHg). Each 5mmHg increase in inter-arm SBPD was related to a 12% higher risk of vascular events in patients without manifest vascular disease (HR 1.12; 95% CI 1.00-1.27), whereas no relation was apparent in patients with manifest vascular disease (HR 0.98; 95% CI 0.93-1.04, interaction p-value 0.036). Inter-arm SBPD was not related to all-cause mortality (HR 1.05; 95% CI 0.93-1.19). Inter-arm SBPD relates to a higher risk of vascular events in patients without manifest vascular disease, whereas this relation is not apparent in patients with manifest vascular disease. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Hello to Arms

Science.gov (United States)

2005-01-01

This image highlights the hidden spiral arms (blue) that were discovered around the nearby galaxy NGC 4625 by the ultraviolet eyes of NASA's Galaxy Evolution Explorer. The image is composed of ultraviolet and visible-light data, from the Galaxy Evolution Explorer and the California Institute of Technology's Digitized Sky Survey, respectively. Near-ultraviolet light is colored green; far-ultraviolet light is colored blue; and optical light is colored red. As the image demonstrates, the lengthy spiral arms are nearly invisible when viewed in optical light while bright in ultraviolet. This is because they are bustling with hot, newborn stars that radiate primarily ultraviolet light. The youthful arms are also very long, stretching out to a distance four times the size of the galaxy's core. They are part of the largest ultraviolet galactic disk discovered so far. Located 31 million light-years away in the constellation Canes Venatici, NGC 4625 is the closest galaxy ever seen with such a young halo of arms. It is slightly smaller than our Milky Way, both in size and mass. However, the fact that this galaxy's disk is forming stars very actively suggests that it might evolve into a more massive and mature galaxy resembling our own. The armless companion galaxy seen below NGC 4625 is called NGC 4618. Astronomers do not know why it lacks arms but speculate that it may have triggered the development of arms in NGC 4625.

Visual Display of 5p-arm and 3p-arm miRNA Expression with a Mobile Application.

Science.gov (United States)

Pan, Chao-Yu; Kuo, Wei-Ting; Chiu, Chien-Yuan; Lin, Wen-Chang

2017-01-01

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play important roles in human cancers. In previous studies, we have demonstrated that both 5p-arm and 3p-arm of mature miRNAs could be expressed from the same precursor and we further interrogated the 5p-arm and 3p-arm miRNA expression with a comprehensive arm feature annotation list. To assist biologists to visualize the differential 5p-arm and 3p-arm miRNA expression patterns, we utilized a user-friendly mobile App to display. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) miRNA-Seq expression information. We have collected over 4,500 miRNA-Seq datasets from 15 TCGA cancer types and further processed them with the 5p-arm and 3p-arm annotation analysis pipeline. In order to be displayed with the RNA-Seq Viewer App, annotated 5p-arm and 3p-arm miRNA expression information and miRNA gene loci information were converted into SQLite tables. In this distinct application, for any given miRNA gene, 5p-arm miRNA is illustrated on the top of chromosome ideogram and 3p-arm miRNA is illustrated on the bottom of chromosome ideogram. Users can then easily interrogate the differentially 5p-arm/3p-arm expressed miRNAs with their mobile devices. This study demonstrates the feasibility and utility of RNA-Seq Viewer App in addition to mRNA-Seq data visualization.

Visual Display of 5p-arm and 3p-arm miRNA Expression with a Mobile Application

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Chao-Yu Pan

2017-01-01

Full Text Available MicroRNAs (miRNAs play important roles in human cancers. In previous studies, we have demonstrated that both 5p-arm and 3p-arm of mature miRNAs could be expressed from the same precursor and we further interrogated the 5p-arm and 3p-arm miRNA expression with a comprehensive arm feature annotation list. To assist biologists to visualize the differential 5p-arm and 3p-arm miRNA expression patterns, we utilized a user-friendly mobile App to display. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA miRNA-Seq expression information. We have collected over 4,500 miRNA-Seq datasets from 15 TCGA cancer types and further processed them with the 5p-arm and 3p-arm annotation analysis pipeline. In order to be displayed with the RNA-Seq Viewer App, annotated 5p-arm and 3p-arm miRNA expression information and miRNA gene loci information were converted into SQLite tables. In this distinct application, for any given miRNA gene, 5p-arm miRNA is illustrated on the top of chromosome ideogram and 3p-arm miRNA is illustrated on the bottom of chromosome ideogram. Users can then easily interrogate the differentially 5p-arm/3p-arm expressed miRNAs with their mobile devices. This study demonstrates the feasibility and utility of RNA-Seq Viewer App in addition to mRNA-Seq data visualization.

Sensory-Feedback Exoskeletal Arm Controller

Science.gov (United States)

An, Bin; Massie, Thomas H.; Vayner, Vladimir

2004-01-01

An electromechanical exoskeletal arm apparatus has been designed for use in controlling a remote robotic manipulator arm. The apparatus, called a force-feedback exoskeleton arm master (F-EAM) is comfortable to wear and easy to don and doff. It provides control signals from the wearer s arm to a robot arm or a computer simulator (e.g., a virtual-reality system); it also provides force and torque feedback from sensors on the robot arm or from the computer simulator to the wearer s arm. The F-EAM enables the wearer to make the robot arm gently touch objects and finely manipulate them without exerting excessive forces. The F-EAM features a lightweight design in which the motors and gear heads that generate force and torque feedback are made smaller than they ordinarily would be: this is achieved by driving the motors to power levels greater than would ordinarily be used in order to obtain higher torques, and by providing active liquid cooling of the motors to prevent overheating at the high drive levels. The F-EAM (see figure) includes an assembly that resembles a backpack and is worn like a backpack, plus an exoskeletal arm mechanism. The FEAM has five degrees of freedom (DOFs) that correspond to those of the human arm: 1. The first DOF is that of the side-to-side rotation of the upper arm about the shoulder (rotation about axis 1). The reflected torque for this DOF is provided by motor 1 via drum 1 and a planar four-bar linkage. 2. The second DOF is that of the up-and-down rotation of the arm about the shoulder. The reflected torque for this DOF is provided by motor 2 via drum 2. 3. The third DOF is that of twisting of the upper arm about its longitudinal axis. This DOF is implemented in a cable remote-center mechanism (CRCM). The reflected torque for this DOF is provided by motor 3, which drives the upper-arm cuff and the mechanism below it. A bladder inflatable by gas or liquid is placed between the cuff and the wearer s upper arm to compensate for misalignment

Unequal-Arms Michelson Interferometers

Science.gov (United States)

Tinto, Massimo; Armstrong, J. W.

2000-01-01

Michelson interferometers allow phase measurements many orders of magnitude below the phase stability of the laser light injected into their two almost equal-length arms. If, however, the two arms are unequal, the laser fluctuations can not be removed by simply recombining the two beams. This is because the laser jitters experience different time delays in the two arms, and therefore can not cancel at the photo detector. We present here a method for achieving exact laser noise cancellation, even in an unequal-arm interferometer. The method presented in this paper requires a separate readout of the relative phase in each arm, made by interfering the returning beam in each arm with a fraction of the outgoing beam. By linearly combining the two data sets with themselves, after they have been properly time shifted, we show that it is possible to construct a new data set that is free of laser fluctuations. An application of this technique to future planned space-based laser interferometer detector3 of gravitational radiation is discussed.

Development of new layer systems for sliding bearings under high mechanical and tribological stress. Final report; Entwicklung neuer Schichtsysteme fuer den Einsatz bei mechanisch-tribologisch hochbeanspruchten Gleitlagern. Abschlussbericht

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Mathias, M.; Herrmann, B.

1995-12-31

The report describes the sputtering technique as a coating method for sliding bearings of high-speed diesel engines. The project aimed at the development of a heavy-duty, wear-resistant sputtered layer on a copper-lead basis for sliding bearings. (HW) [Deutsch] Es wird berichtet ueber die Einfuehrung der Sputtertechnik als Beschichtungsverfahren fuer Gleitlager fuer schnell laufende Dieselmotoren. Ziel des Projektes war die Entwicklung einer hochbelastbaren, verschleissfesten Gleitlager-Sputterschicht auf Kupfer-Blei-Basis. (HW)

Armed conflict and child health

OpenAIRE

Rieder, Michael; Choonara, Imti

2012-01-01

Armed conflict has a major impact on child health\\ud throughout the world. One in six children worldwide lives\\ud in an area of armed conflict and civilians are more likely\\ud to die than soldiers as a result of the conflict. In stark\\ud contrast to the effect on children, the international arms\\ud trade results in huge profits for the large corporations\\ud involved in producing arms, weapons and munitions.\\ud Armed conflict is not inevitable but is an important\\ud health issue that should be...

Preventive strategy for nanomaterials. Special report; Vorsorgestrategien fuer Nanomaterialien. Sondergutachten

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2012-07-01

knowledge of which nanomaterials are used in which products. The SRU sees a need for greater transparency here to enable public authorities to react swiftly whenever evidence of health or environmental risks arises. Consumers should in principle enjoy freedom of choice. For this reason the SRU recommends creating a registry of nanoproducts and supplementation of existing labelling requirements. [German] In diesem Sondergutachten gibt der Sachverstaendigenrat fuer Umweltfragen (SRU) Empfehlungen fuer einen verantwortungsvollen, vorsorgeorientierten Umgang mit dieser Technologie. Ziel ist es, Innovationen zu ermoeglichen, aber auch Risiken fruehzeitig zu erkennen und zu mindern. Der SRU sieht dringenden Handlungsbedarf bei der Regulierung von Nanomaterialien und fordert mehr Transparenz bei Verbraucherprodukten ein. Sobald ein begruendeter Anlass zur Besorgnis besteht, muss nach dem Vorsorgeprinzip gehandelt und zwischen Risiken und Chancen abgewogen werden. Um dies zu ermoeglichen, sind zahlreiche rechtliche Aenderungen erforderlich. Nanomaterialien und Nano-Produkte unterliegen grundsaetzlich dem Stoff-, Produkt- und Umweltrecht. In der Praxis fuehren aber die Besonderheiten von Nanomaterialien dazu, dass nicht alle rechtlichen Instrumente greifen. So werden Nanomaterialien bei der Registrierung von Chemikalien und bei der Zulassung von Produkten nicht immer separat erfasst und damit bewertet. Der SRU empfiehlt, solche nanospezifischen Regelungsluecken schnell zu schliessen. Dazu ist es notwendig, Nanomaterialien verbindlich zu definieren, sie grundsaetzlich bei der Risikobewertung von Chemikalien wie eigenstaendige Stoffe zu behandeln und mit einem eigens auf sie zugeschnittenen Datensatz zu registrieren. Dabei duerfen die Risiken von Nanomaterialien nicht pauschal bewertet werden, weil manche Materialien nach heutigem Kenntnisstand unbedenklich sind, waehrend bei anderen ein Risikopotenzial besteht. Einen Anlass zur Besorgnis sieht der SRU vor allem bei der Verwendung von

40 CFR 98.418 - Definitions.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 20 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Definitions. 98.418 Section 98.418 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) MANDATORY GREENHOUSE GAS REPORTING Suppliers of Industrial Greenhouse Gases § 98.418 Definitions. All terms used in...

Fourth report by the Federal German Government to the Bundestag on measures for the protection of the ozone layer; 4. Bericht der Bundesregierung an den Deutschen Bundestag ueber Massnahmen zum Schutz der Ozonschicht

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1997-07-01

This report, which relates the situation as of July 1997, again confirms the internationally leading role of the Federal German Republic in the phase-out of CFCs. No country has realised a more comprehensive concept for the phase-out of substances that deplete the ozone layer. Combining statutory and voluntary measures has proved a path-breaking approach. One of the most important driving forces in the CFC phase-out were the restrictions of use imposed by the Ordinance on the Prohibition of CFCs and Halon. (orig./SR) [Deutsch] Dieser Bericht - mit Stand vom Juli 1997 - bestaetigt erneut die internationale Fuehrungsrolle der Bundesrepublik Deutschland beim FCKW-Ausstieg. In keinem anderen Staaat wurde ein umfassenderes Konzept zum Ausstieg aus den ozonabbauenden Stoffen realisiert. Als wegweisend hat sich dabei die Verknuepfung ordnungsrechtlicher und freiwilliger Massnahem erwiesen. Insbesondere von den Verwendungsbeschraenkungen der FCKW-Halon-Verbots-Verordnung gingen wichtige Impulse beim FCKW-Ausstieg aus. (orig./SR)

Effects of age, sex and arm on the precision of arm position sense—left-arm superiority in healthy right-handers

OpenAIRE

Schmidt, Lena; Depper, Lena; Kerkhoff, Georg

2013-01-01

Position sense is an important proprioceptive ability. Disorders of arm position sense (APS) often occur after unilateral stroke, and are associated with a negative functional outcome. In the present study we assessed horizontal APS by measuring angular deviations from a visually defined target separately for each arm in a large group of healthy subjects. We analyzed the accuracy and instability of horizontal APS as a function of age, sex and arm. Subjects were required to specify verbally th...

Performance of arm locking in LISA

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

McKenzie, Kirk; Spero, Robert E.; Shaddock, Daniel A.

2009-01-01

For the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) to reach its design sensitivity, the coupling of the free-running laser frequency noise to the signal readout must be reduced by more than 14 orders of magnitude. One technique employed to reduce the laser frequency noise will be arm locking, where the laser frequency is locked to the LISA arm length. In this paper we detail an implementation of arm locking. We investigate orbital effects (changing arm lengths and Doppler frequencies), the impact of errors in the Doppler knowledge that can cause pulling of the laser frequency, and the noise limit of arm locking. Laser frequency pulling is examined in two regimes: at lock acquisition and in steady state. The noise performance of arm locking is calculated with the inclusion of the dominant expected noise sources: ultrastable oscillator (clock) noise, spacecraft motion, and shot noise. We find that clock noise and spacecraft motion limit the performance of dual arm locking in the LISA science band. Studying these issues reveals that although dual arm locking [A. Sutton and D. A. Shaddock, Phys. Rev. D 78, 082001 (2008)] has advantages over single (or common) arm locking in terms of allowing high gain, it has disadvantages in both laser frequency pulling and noise performance. We address this by proposing a modification to the dual arm-locking sensor, a hybrid of common and dual arm-locking sensors. This modified dual arm-locking sensor has the laser frequency pulling characteristics and low-frequency noise coupling of common arm locking, but retains the control system advantages of dual arm locking. We present a detailed design of an arm-locking controller and perform an analysis of the expected performance when used with and without laser prestabilization. We observe that the sensor phase changes beneficially near unity-gain frequencies of the arm-locking controller, allowing a factor of 10 more gain than previously believed, without degrading stability. With a time

Design of a multi-arm randomized clinical trial with no control arm.

Science.gov (United States)

Magaret, Amalia; Angus, Derek C; Adhikari, Neill K J; Banura, Patrick; Kissoon, Niranjan; Lawler, James V; Jacob, Shevin T

2016-01-01

Clinical trial designs that include multiple treatments are currently limited to those that perform pairwise comparisons of each investigational treatment to a single control. However, there are settings, such as the recent Ebola outbreak, in which no treatment has been demonstrated to be effective; and therefore, no standard of care exists which would serve as an appropriate control. For illustrative purposes, we focused on the care of patients presenting in austere settings with critically ill 'sepsis-like' syndromes. Our approach involves a novel algorithm for comparing mortality among arms without requiring a single fixed control. The algorithm allows poorly-performing arms to be dropped during interim analyses. Consequently, the study may be completed earlier than planned. We used simulation to determine operating characteristics for the trial and to estimate the required sample size. We present a potential study design targeting a minimal effect size of a 23% relative reduction in mortality between any pair of arms. Using estimated power and spurious significance rates from the simulated scenarios, we show that such a trial would require 2550 participants. Over a range of scenarios, our study has 80 to 99% power to select the optimal treatment. Using a fixed control design, if the control arm is least efficacious, 640 subjects would be enrolled into the least efficacious arm, while our algorithm would enroll between 170 and 430. This simulation method can be easily extended to other settings or other binary outcomes. Early dropping of arms is efficient and ethical when conducting clinical trials with multiple arms. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Selection of procedures for inservice inspections; Auswahl der Verfahren fuer wiederkehrende Pruefungen

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Brast, G [Preussische Elektrizitaets-AG (Preussenelektra), Hannover (Germany); Britz, A [Bayernwerk AG, Muenchen (Germany); Maier, H J [Stuttgart Univ. (Germany). Staatliche Materialpruefungsanstalt; Seidenkranz, T [TUEV Energie- und Systemtechnik GmbH, Mannheim (Germany)

1998-11-01

At present, selection of procedures for inservice inspection has to take into account the legal basis, i.e. the existing regulatory codes, and the practical aspects, i.e. experience and information obtained by the general, initial inservice inspection or performance data obtained by the latest, recurrent inspection. However, regulatory codes are being reviewed to a certain extent in order to permit integration of technological progress. Depending on the degree of availability in future, of inspection task-specific, sensitive and qualified NDE techniques for inservice inspections (`risk based ISI`), the framework of defined inspection intervals, sites, and detection limits will be broken up and altered in response to progress made. This opens up new opportunities for an optimization of inservice inspections for proof of component integrity. (orig./CB) [Deutsch] Zur Zeit muss sich die Auswahl der Pruefverfahren an den gueltigen Regelwerken und, da es sich um wiederkehrende Pruefungen handelt, an der Basispruefung bzw. der letzten wiederkehrenden Pruefung orientieren. Jedoch vollzieht sich zur Zeit eine Oeffnung der Regelwerke, mit der man auch der Weiterentwicklung der Prueftechniken Rechnung traegt. In dem Masse, wie zukuenftig auf die Pruefaufgabe/Pruefaussage optimal abgestimmte und qualifizierte Prueftechniken mit einer hohen Nachweisempfindlichkeit am Bauteil fuer zielgerichtete wiederkehrende Pruefungen (als `risk based ISI`) zur Verfuegung stehen, wird der Rahmen mit festgelegten Pruefintervallen, Prueforten und festen Registriergrenzen gesprengt und variabel gestaltet werden koennen. Damit ergeben sich neue Moeglichkeiten fuer eine Optimierung der WKP zum Nachweis der Integritaet des Bauteils. (orig./MM)

Nonspecific Arm Pain

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ali Moradi

2013-12-01

Full Text Available Nonspecific activity-related arm pain is characterized by an absence of objective physical findings and symptoms that do not correspond with objective pathophysiology. Arm pain without strict diagnosis is often related to activity, work-related activity in particular, and is often seen in patients with physically demanding work. Psychological factors such as catastrophic thinking, symptoms of depression, and heightened illness concern determine a substantial percentage of the disability associated with puzzling hand and arm pains. Ergonomic modifications can help to control symptoms, but optimal health may require collaborative management incorporating psychosocial and psychological elements of illness.

Nonspecific Arm Pain

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ali Moradi

2013-12-01

Full Text Available   Nonspecific activity-related arm pain is characterized by an absence of objective physical findings and symptoms that do not correspond with objective pathophysiology. Arm pain without strict diagnosis is often related to activity, work-related activity in particular, and is often seen in patients with physically demanding work. Psychological factors such as catastrophic thinking, symptoms of depression, and heightened illness concern determine a substantial percentage of the disability associated with puzzling hand and arm pains. Ergonomic modifications can help to control symptoms, but optimal health may require collaborative management incorporating psychosocial and psychological elements of illness.

45 CFR 98.90 - Monitoring.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-10-01

... 45 Public Welfare 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Monitoring. 98.90 Section 98.90 Public Welfare DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES GENERAL ADMINISTRATION CHILD CARE AND DEVELOPMENT FUND Monitoring, Non-compliance and Complaints § 98.90 Monitoring. (a) The Secretary will monitor programs funded under...

29 CFR 98.1000 - Respondent.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-07-01

... 29 Labor 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 true Respondent. 98.1000 Section 98.1000 Labor Office of the Secretary of Labor GOVERNMENTWIDE DEBARMENT AND SUSPENSION (NONPROCUREMENT) Definitions § 98.1000 Respondent. Respondent means a person against whom an agency has initiated a debarment or suspension action. ...

34 CFR 98.6 - Reports.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-07-01

... 34 Education 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Reports. 98.6 Section 98.6 Education Office of the Secretary, Department of Education STUDENT RIGHTS IN RESEARCH, EXPERIMENTAL PROGRAMS, AND TESTING § 98.6 Reports. The Secretary may require the recipient to submit reports containing information necessary to...

Effects of age, sex and arm on the precision of arm position sense-left-arm superiority in healthy right-handers.

Science.gov (United States)

Schmidt, Lena; Depper, Lena; Kerkhoff, Georg

2013-01-01

Position sense is an important proprioceptive ability. Disorders of arm position sense (APS) often occur after unilateral stroke, and are associated with a negative functional outcome. In the present study we assessed horizontal APS by measuring angular deviations from a visually defined target separately for each arm in a large group of healthy subjects. We analyzed the accuracy and instability of horizontal APS as a function of age, sex and arm. Subjects were required to specify verbally the position of their unseen arm on a 0-90° circuit by comparing the current position with the target position indicated by a LED lamp, while the arm was passively moved by the examiner. Eighty-seven healthy subjects participated in the study, ranging from 20 to 77 years, subdivided into three age groups. The results revealed that APS was not a function of age or sex, but was significantly better in the non-dominant (left) arm in absolute errors (AE) but not in constant errors (CE) across all age groups of right-handed healthy subjects. This indicates a right-hemisphere superiority for left APS in right-handers and neatly fits to the more frequent and more severe left-sided body-related deficits in patients with unilateral stroke (i.e. impaired APS in left spatial neglect, somatoparaphrenia) or in individuals with abnormalities of the right cerebral hemisphere. These clinical issues will be discussed.

Arms control and disarmament

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Acton, P.

1992-01-01

Article VI of the Non-Proliferation Treaty commits each party to work towards nuclear disarmament and to negotiations to stop the nuclear arms race. All parties to the Treaty are included and a wide range of arms control and disarmament issues are covered. However the main focus at Treaty review conferences has been on nuclear disarmament by the nuclear weapon states which are party to the Treaty. This has led to bilateral United States - Soviet Union negotiations resulting in the Intermediate-range Nuclear Forces Treaty in December 1987 and the Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty (START) in July followed by unilateral arms control measures in September and October 1991. (UK)

Aluminum or steel? Mounting systems for solar generators - a practice report; Aluminium oder Stahl? Montagesysteme fuer Solargeneratoren - ein Praxisreport

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Schnitzer, Sandy [Mounting Systems GmbH, Rangsdorf (Germany); Hannemann, Lydia

2013-10-01

Mounting systems for solar generators must be solid and reliable as long as possible so that they carry the modules. Which material is best? [German] Montagesysteme fuer Solargeneratoren muessen solide sein, damit sie moeglichst lange und zuverlaessig die Module tragen.

New aspects from legislation, guidelines and safety standards for MRI; Neues aus Gesetzen, Richtlinien und Sicherheitsstandards fuer die MRT

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Muehlenweg, M. [Krankenhaus Martha-Maria Halle-Doelau, Institut fuer Radiologie, Halle (Saale) (Germany); Schaefers, G. [MR:comp GmbH, Gelsenkirchen (Germany); Trattnig, S. [Exzellenzzentrum Hochfeld-Magnetresonanz, Medizinische Universitaet Wien, Universitaetsklinik fuer Radiodiagnostik, Wien (Austria)

2015-08-15

Betriebsanleitung der MR-Scanner. Die verpflichtenden Inhalte der Betriebsanleitung werden in einer zentralen Norm der International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) 60601-2-33 geregelt. In dieser Norm wurde juengst die Anwendung statischer Magnetfelder in der MRT bis zu 8 Tesla (T) in der klinischen Routine (kontrollierte Betriebsart 1. Stufe) zugelassen. Die ebenfalls notwendige CE-Zertifizierung der Ultrahochfeldscanner (7-8 T) in Europa ist fuer zukuenftige Geraete zu erwarten. Bestehende Installationen werden nicht automatisch zertifiziert, sondern behalten ihren experimentellen Status. Die aktuelle Erweiterung der IEC 60601-2-33 fuehrt eine neue Zusatzoption, die sog. ''fixed parameter option'' (FPO) ein. Diese Option kann zusaetzlich zu den etablierten Betriebsarten geschaltet werden und definiert eine fixe Geraetekonstellation und bestimmte Parameter des Energieoutputs von MR-Scannern, die zukuenftig die Untersuchungen von Implantatpatienten vereinfachen soll. Die Beschaeftigung schwangerer Mitarbeiterinnen in einer MRT-Einrichtung ist nach wie vor nicht allgemein in Europa geregelt. In Deutschland und Oesterreich wurden 2014 in Teilregionen Beschaeftigungsverbote fuer Schwangere und Stillende im der MR-Kontrollzone (0,5 mT) erteilt. Zugrunde liegt die meist ungeklaerte Frage der Anwendbarkeit von Grenzwerten fuer Beschaeftigte (Extremitaetenexposition fuer statische Magnetfelder bis 8 T erlaubt) oder der Grenzwerte fuer die Allgemeinbevoelkerung (maximal bis 400 mT). Das Verwerfen von Muttermilch nach i.v.-Gabe von gadoliniumhaltigen Kontrastmitteln bei einer stillenden Frau wird laut Gesellschaft fuer urogenitale Radiologie (ESUR) nur noch bei Gabe von Kontrastmitteln der Nephrogenic-systemic-fibrosis(NSF)-Hochrisikoklasse empfohlen. (orig.)

Scratch resistance and localised damage characteristics of polymer surfaces - a review

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Briscoe, B.J. [Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemical Technology, Imperial College, London SW7 2BY (United Kingdom); Sinha, S.K. [Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore (Singapore)

2003-11-01

The ''Scratch Test'' is, arguably, the earliest and amongst the now most widely used techniques for evaluating a wide range of surface mechanical properties. Some of the areas where this test has been successfully used in the engineering field, both by research and industry, include the determination of the relative hardness of materials, characterizations of coatings, paints and thin-films, modeling of the wear of materials and the estimation of different material deformation characteristics when subjected to hard asperity damage. In this paper we have reviewed the ''state-of-the-art'' in the scratch method for polymeric materials. The paper provides some important theoretical models that have been developed in the field of scratching for material property characterizations. Results from different types of scratch tests (macro, micro and nano scales) on a range of polymeric materials are presented with critical discussion on the usefulness of each result. Finally, various areas for further research in scratching of polymer surfaces have been identified. (Abstract Copyright [2003], Wiley Periodicals, Inc.) [German] Der ''Ritztest'' ist wohl das aelteste und mit am meisten verwendete Verfahren zur Beurteilung von oberflaechenmechanischen Eigenschaften. Zu den technischen Bereichen, in denen dieser Test sowohl in der Forschung als auch in der Industrie erfolgreich Anwendung gefunden hat, zaehlen die Bestimmung der relativen Materialhaerte, die Charakterisierung von Beschichtungen, Lackierungen und Duennschichten, die Modellierung des Werkstoffverschleisses sowie die Abschaetzung verschiedener Werkstoffverformungsparameter bei Beanspruchung durch harte Rauheitsspitzen. Der vorliegende Bericht beschreibt den gegenwaertigen Stand der Anwendung des Ritzverfahrens fuer polymere Materialien. Er enthaelt wichtige theoretische Modelle, die fuer die Anwendung des Ritzens zur Charakterisierung von

9 CFR 98.30 - Definitions.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-01-01

... 9 Animals and Animal Products 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Definitions. 98.30 Section 98.30... EMBRYOS AND ANIMAL SEMEN Certain Animal Semen § 98.30 Definitions. Whenever in this subpart of the... (England, Scotland, Wales, the Isle of Man, and Northern Ireland). Cattle. Animals of the bovine species...

29 CFR 98.1005 - State.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-07-01

... 29 Labor 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 true State. 98.1005 Section 98.1005 Labor Office of the Secretary of Labor GOVERNMENTWIDE DEBARMENT AND SUSPENSION (NONPROCUREMENT) Definitions § 98.1005 State. (a) State means— (1) Any of the states of the United States; (2) The District of Columbia; (3) The...

Gas generation from biomass for decentralized power supply systems; Gaserzeugung fuer dezentrale Energiesysteme auf der Basis von Biomasse

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kubiak, H; Papamichalis, A; Heek, K.H. van [DMT-Inst. fuer Kokserzeugung und Brennstofftechnik, Essen (Germany)

1997-12-31

By a reaction with steam, bioresidues and plants can be converted into a gas consisting mainly of hydrogen, carbon monoxide and methane which can be used for electric power generation in gas engines, gas turbins and fuel cells. The conversion processes, especially the fuel cell process, are environment-friendly and efficient. For decentralized applications (i.e. for biomass volumes of 0.5 to 1 t/h), an allothermal process is recommended which is described in detail. (orig) [Deutsch] Durch Reaktion mit Wasserdampf lassen sich Bioreststoffe und Energiepflanzen zu einem Gas umsetzen, das im wesentlichen aus Wasserstoff, Kohlenmonoxid und Methan besteht und z.B. ueber Gasmotoren, Gasturbinen, vorzugsweise aber Brennstoffzellen zu Strom umgewandelt werden kann. Die Umwandlungsverfahren, insbesondere unter Benutzung von Brennstoffzellen, sind umweltfreundlich und haben einen hohen Wirkungsgrad. Als Vergasungsverfahren eignet sich fuer die dezentrale Anwendung. - d.h. fuer eine Biomassemenge von 0,5 bis 1 t/h - insbesondere das hier beschriebene allotherme Verfahren. (orig)

Gas generation from biomass for decentralized power supply systems; Gaserzeugung fuer dezentrale Energiesysteme auf der Basis von Biomasse

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kubiak, H.; Papamichalis, A.; Heek, K.H. van [DMT-Inst. fuer Kokserzeugung und Brennstofftechnik, Essen (Germany)

1996-12-31

By a reaction with steam, bioresidues and plants can be converted into a gas consisting mainly of hydrogen, carbon monoxide and methane which can be used for electric power generation in gas engines, gas turbins and fuel cells. The conversion processes, especially the fuel cell process, are environment-friendly and efficient. For decentralized applications (i.e. for biomass volumes of 0.5 to 1 t/h), an allothermal process is recommended which is described in detail. (orig) [Deutsch] Durch Reaktion mit Wasserdampf lassen sich Bioreststoffe und Energiepflanzen zu einem Gas umsetzen, das im wesentlichen aus Wasserstoff, Kohlenmonoxid und Methan besteht und z.B. ueber Gasmotoren, Gasturbinen, vorzugsweise aber Brennstoffzellen zu Strom umgewandelt werden kann. Die Umwandlungsverfahren, insbesondere unter Benutzung von Brennstoffzellen, sind umweltfreundlich und haben einen hohen Wirkungsgrad. Als Vergasungsverfahren eignet sich fuer die dezentrale Anwendung. - d.h. fuer eine Biomassemenge von 0,5 bis 1 t/h - insbesondere das hier beschriebene allotherme Verfahren. (orig)

Statistical-dynamic climate forecast for Europe and Germany. Final report; Statistisch-dynamische Klimavorhersage fuer Europa und Deutschland. Abschlussbericht

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Denhard, M.; Schoenwiese, C.D.

2001-07-01

Principal Correlation Pattern Analysis (PCPA) maps the local circulation, temperature and precipitation anomalies in the northern hemisphere in monthly resolution and permits an interpretation of their causes. Calculations are made for the El Nino phenomenon, NAO, and the quasi-11-year cycle of solar radiation variation. Especially the El Nino calculations show the efficiency of PCPA. [German] Mit Hilfe der Principal Correlation Pattern Analysis (PCPA) koennen die von verschiedenen Klimaantrieben erzeugten lokalen Zirkulations-, Temperatur- und Niederschlagsanomalien auf der Nordhemisphaere in monatlicher Aufloesung dargestellt und ursaechlich interpretiert werden. Diese Rechnungen wurden fuer das El Nino Phaenomen, die NAO und den quasi 11-jaehrigen Zyklus der solaren Strahlungsschwankungen durchgefuehrt. Insbesondere die Untersuchungen zu Wirkungen von El Nino auf Europa zeigen, dass die PCPA die Kopplungen eines Prozesses mit dem Klimasystem sehr genau beschreibt und somit die Voraussetzungen schafft, die Wirkungen dieses Klimaantriebs zu modellieren und ihn zur Vorhersage zu nutzen. Erste einfache Vorhersageexperimente fuer das europaeische Klima bestaetigen diese Aussage. (orig.)

Kernforschungszentrum Karlsruhe. Institut fuer Datenverarbeitung in der Technik: Progress report on research and development works in 1984

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

1985-02-01

The Institut fuer Datenverarbeitung in der Technik (Institute for Data Processing in Engineering) works in the field of applied computer and systems analysis. The present report describes the activities of this Institute within the following KfK-projects: Reprocessing, Fusion Technology, Nuclear Material Safeguards, Nuclear Safety, and the Fast Breeder Project. (WB) [de

49 CFR 98.10 - Appeal.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-10-01

... Administration of Enforcement Proceedings § 98.10 Appeal. (a) Within 30 working days after receipt of a decision issued under § 98.8 or § 98.9 of this part, either the Departmental counsel or the former employee may appeal the decision to the Secretary. (b) In making a decision on an appeal, the Secretary shall consider...

Restructuring of the electricity market. New general framework and management strategies for municipalities. Documentation of contributions to the IKU seminar; Strommarkt im Umbruch. Neue Rahmenbedingungen und Strategien fuer Kommunen. Veranstaltungsunterlagen

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Schaefer, C. (comp.)

2000-07-01

The titles of the seven papers presented at the IKU seminar are as follows: 1. The emerging competitive electricity markets - Perspectives for municipalities. - 2. New supply offers and terms and conditions for power procurement of municipalities. - 3. Power procurement and awarding of contracts - legal framework and recommendations for municipalities in designing the tendering procedure in the competitive market environment. - 4. Experience of a municipality in the process of establishing a local pool of buyers. - 5. Experience obtained in defining new tender conditions and specifications for power supply to a municipal undertaking. - 6. Experience of a municipality obtained in negotiations with electricity supply undertakings. - 7. Invitations to tender for energy supply to municipalities - experience of the hessenENERGIE GmbH. (orig./CB) [German] Die Titel der in diesem Dokument abgedruckten sieben Beitraege zum IKU Seminar lauten: 1. Wettbewerb auf den Strommaerkten - Perspektiven fuer Kommunen. - 2. Neue Angebote und neue Konditionen fuer den Strombezug von Kommunen. - 3. Strombezug und Vergaberecht - Rechtlicher Rahmen und Empfehlungen zur Gestaltung der Vergabe bei oeffentlichen Auftraggebern. - 4. Erfahrungen mit der Bildung eines kommunalen Nachfragepools. - 5. Erfahrungen mit der Ausschreibung von Stromlieferungen fuer einen oeffentlichen Auftraggeber. - 6. Erfahrungen einer Kommune aus Verhandlungen ueber den Strombezug mit Versorgungsunternehmen. - 7. Ausschreibung von Energielieferungen fuer Kommunen - Erfahrungen und Angebote der hessenENERGIE GmbH. (orig./CB)

45 CFR 98.14 - Plan process.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-10-01

... 45 Public Welfare 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Plan process. 98.14 Section 98.14 Public Welfare DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES GENERAL ADMINISTRATION CHILD CARE AND DEVELOPMENT FUND General Application Procedures § 98.14 Plan process. In the development of each Plan, as required pursuant to § 98.17...

Understanding the conventional arms trade

Science.gov (United States)

Stohl, Rachel

2017-11-01

The global conventional arms trade is worth tens of billions of dollars every year and is engaged in by every country in the world. Yet, it is often difficult to control the legal trade in conventional arms and there is a thriving illicit market, willing to arm unscrupulous regimes and nefarious non-state actors. This chapter examines the international conventional arms trade, the range of tools that have been used to control it, and challenges to these international regimes.

Safety aspects and safety measures for the refrigerants N{sub 3} and F-CFC and CFC; Sicherheitsaspekte/Sicherheitsmassnahmen fuer Kaeltemittel NH{sub 3} und FCKW/FKW

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Stuerchler, P. [GfG AG, Binz (Switzerland)

2001-09-01

Experts agree that ammonia is the best and most economical refrigerant for a number of applications, e.g. in skating rinks, the food industry, chemical plants, etc. It has good thermodynamic properties and a low ozone-depleting potential, but it is also an aggressive and toxic substance. The potential hazard to humans and plants can be reduced, however, by early detection of leaks. There are different specifications in different European countries. In Switzerland, the EKAS regulations apply. [German] In der Kaelteindustrie herrscht eine Uebereinstimmung, dass fuer eine Vielzahl von Anlagen, z.B. Eissportanlagen, Lebensmittelbetriebe, Chemieanlagen u.v.m., Ammoniak als das beste und wirtschaftlichste Kaeltemittel betrachtet wird. Die guten thermodynamischen Eigenschaften und das geringe Ozonabbaupotential haben Ammoniak zum wichtigsten Kaeltemittel in mittleren und Grossanlagen gemacht. Die aggressive und giftige Chemikalie Ammoniak birgt jedoch ein nicht zu unterschaetzendes Gefahrenpotential fuer Mensch und Anlage. Diese Gefahr kann weitestgehend eingedaemmt werden. Eine fruehe und zuverlaessige Erkennung von Leckagen minimiert deren Auswirkungen und Schaeden. Die Vorschriften hierzu sind laenderspezifisch in den Verordnungen und Richtlinien festgelegt. Fuer die Schweiz gelten die Richtlinien der EKAS. (orig.)

Assessment of the potential of the Mainfranken region, northern Bavaria, for underground storage of geothermal energy; Erkundung des regionalen Potentials fuer die Untergrundspeicherung thermischer Energie in Mainfranken (UTEM)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Barthel, R; Heinrichs, G; Udluft, P [Lehr- und Forschungsbereich Hydrogeologie und Umwelt, Inst. fuer Geologie, Univ. Wuerzburg (Germany); Ebert, H P; Fricke, J [Abt. Waermedaemmung/Waermetransport, Bayerisches Zentrum fuer Angewandte Energieforschung e.V., Wuerzburg (Germany)

1997-12-01

The following paper presents a research project that is planned as a cooperation of the Geological Institute, University of Wuerzburg and the Bavarian Center of Applied Energy Research. In this project the potentials for underground thermal energy storage will be investigated in the region of Mainfranken, Northern Bavaria (Main = the river `Main`, Franken = Franconia). All aspects of underground storage will be studied with respect to the specific geographical and geological situation of the area. The study will provide a detailed map of possible storage sites, from which several case studies and at least one demonstration projects will result. (orig.) [Deutsch] Im vorliegenden Beitrag wird ein Forschungsprojekt vorgestellt, das gemeinsam vom Institut fuer Geologie der Universitaet Wuerzburg und dem Zentrum fuer Angewandte Energieforschung in Bayern geplant wird. Ziel des Projekts ist die Erkundung des Potentials fuer die Untergrundspeicherung thermischer Energie in Mainfranken (Nordbayern). Alle Aspekte der Untergrundspeicherung werden regionalspezifisch betrachtet. Neben der Erstellung differenzierter Karten geeigneter Standorte sind Fallstudien und Demonstrationsprojekte in Planung. (orig.)

3. Workshop on measuring instruments for steady and transient multiphase flow; 3. Workshop: Messtechnik fuer stationaere und transiente Mehrphasenstroemungen

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Prasser, H.M. [ed.

1999-12-01

The emphasis of the conference was on methods of measurement that show spatial distributions of phase fractions and velocity, particle sizes and bubbles of the disperse phase. Among the methods described were 3D X-ray tomography, grid sensor measurement of velocity profiles, and simultaneous measurement of bubble sizes and gas and liquid flow rates using an optical particle tracking method. Also presented were interesting developments in the field of local probes, e.g. an electrodiffusion probe. Another new development was the attempt to use optical tomography for investigations of two-phase flows. [German] Am 14. Oktober 1999 wurde in Rossendorf die dritte Veranstaltung in einer Serie von Workshops ueber Messtechnik fuer stationaere und transiente Mehrphasenstroemungen durchgefuehrt. Dieses Jahr koennen wir auf 11 interessante Vortraege zurueckblicken. Besonders hervorzuheben sind die beiden Hauptvortraege, die von Herrn Professor Hetsroni aus Haifa und Herrn Dr. Sengpiel aus Karlsruhe gehalten wurden. Ihnen und allen anderen Vortragenden moechten wir herzlich fuer ihren Beitrag zum Gelingen des Workshops danken. Erneut lag ein wichtiger Schwerpunkt auf Messverfahren, die raeumliche Verteilungen von Phasenanteilen und Geschwindigkeiten sowie die Groesse von Partikeln bzw. Blasen der dispersen Phase zugaenglich machen. So wurde ueber einen dreidimensional arbeitenden Roentgentomographen, ein Verfahren zur Messung von Geschwindigkeitsprofilen mit Gittersensoren und eine Methode zur simultanen Messung von Blasengroessen sowie Feldern von Gas- und Fluessigkeitsgeschwindigkeit mit einer optischen Partikelverfolgungstechnik vorgetragen. Daneben wurden interessante Entwicklungen auf dem Gebiet der lokalen Sonden vorgestellt, wie z.B. eine Elektrodiffusionssonde. Neue messtechnische Ansaetze waren ebenfalls vertreten; hervorzuheben ist der Versuch, die Methode der optischen Tomographie fuer die Untersuchung von Zweiphasenstroemungen nutzbar zu machen. (orig.)

Skywards - climate design for the Moscow Federation Tower; Dem Himmel entgegen - Klimadesign fuer den Federation Tower Moskau

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Reiser, Claudius [Ebert-Ingenieure GmbH and Co. KG, Competence Center Nachhaltiges Bauen, Nuernberg (Germany)

2008-06-15

Advanced simulation tools were used in developing the climate design for the roof covering the taller of the two blocks at Moscow's Federation Tower. The all-glass roof space at a height of 365 m is designed to accommodate the finest and most exclusive hotel areas. Several restaurants, bars and lounges and a Sky Dance Club will offer entertainment and fabulous views across the whole city. Simulations were used to develop and verify a design that ensures thermal comfort taking into account architectural, climate and utilisation requirements. The structure and the building services were simulated based on a 3D model, and simulations were carried out for summer and winter scenarios. This paper describes the design process including load calculations and the development and assessment of the climate design by means of simulation. (Abstract Copyright [2008], Wiley Periodicals, Inc.) [German] In der Entwicklung des Klimakonzeptes der Turmkappe Ost des Federation Towers in Moskau wurden modernste Simulationswerkzeuge eingesetzt. Die vollstaendig glaeserne Turmkappe in 365 m Hoehe soll Raum fuer einen der schoensten und exklusivsten Bereiche des Hotels geben. Diverse Restaurants, Bars und Lounges sowie ein Sky Dance Club sollen einmal zum Verweilen und zur naechtlichen Vergnuegung einladen und dabei stets einen traumhaften Blick ueber die gesamte Stadt ermoeglichen. Mit Hilfe der Simulation wurde fuer die Turmkappe ein Klimakonzept entwickelt und ueberprueft, das die thermische Behaglichkeit unter Beruecksichtigung von Architektur, Klima und Nutzung gewaehrleistet. Dazu wurde die Architektur inklusive der Klimatechnik in einem 3D-Modell abgebildet und fuer den Sommer- und Winterfall berechnet. Der vorliegende Beitrag vollzieht den Planungsablauf von der Lastberechnung bis hin zur Erstellung und Bewertung des Klimakonzeptes in der Simulation. (Abstract Copyright [2008], Wiley Periodicals, Inc.)

Evaluation and development of soil values for the pathway 'soil to plant'. Transfer factors soil to plant; Ueberpruefung und Fortentwicklung der Bodenwerte fuer den Boden-Pflanze-Pfad. Teilbericht 1: Transferfaktoren Boden-Pflanze

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Trapp, S.; Matthies, M.; Reiter, B.; Gaeth, S.

2001-10-01

Within the research project 'Ueberpruefung und Fortentwicklung der Bodenwerte fuer den Boden-Pflanzen-Pfad', transfer factors soil to plant were calculated for compounds of the substance classes PCB and PAH. Literature studies, experiments undertaken by the LUA/Essen at the lysimeter research station Waldfeucht, and model simulations were used. The transfer differs for the plant species. For kale and wheat straw, the dominant uptake is from air. For lettuce and spinach, a significant uptake from soil was found. The main transport seems to occur via soil resuspension and volatilization, followed by sorption to leaf surfaces. These processes act mainly on low growing harvest products. Uptake from the soil solution and translocation within the plant do not seem to play a role except for phenanthren. The carrots and potatoes investigated showed only a contamination of the peel. The transfer factors of the PCB were throughout higher than that of the PAH. We assume that photolytic processes of PAH on plant surfaces are responsible. Furthermore, there are hints in literature that the metabolism of PAH in plants is faster than that of the PCB. (orig.) [German] Im Rahmen des Forschungsvorhabens 'Ueberpruefung und Fortentwicklung der Bodenwerte fuer den Boden-Pflanze-Pfad' wurden fuer organische Schadstoffe aus den Stoffklassen PCB und PAK Transferfaktoren Boden-Pflanze errechnet. Hierzu wurden Literaturstudien, Experimente der LUA von der Lysimeteranlage Waldfeucht sowie Modellsimulationen eingesetzt. Der Transfer ist fuer die untersuchten Pflanzen nicht einheitlich. Fuer Gruenkohl und Weizenstroh wurde eine Dominanz des Eintrags aus der Luft festgestellt. Demgegenueber zeigte sich fuer Salatpflanzen und Spinat deutliche Aufnahme aus dem Boden. Als Haupttransportweg werden Resuspension von Bodenpartikeln und Ausgasung aus dem Boden mit nachfolgender Sorption an Blattflaechen vermutet. Diese Prozesse wirken vorwiegend auf niedrig wirkende Ernteprodukte

Student measurement of blood pressure using a simulator arm compared with a live subject's arm.

Science.gov (United States)

Lee, Jennifer J; Sobieraj, Diana M; Kuti, Effie L

2010-06-15

To compare accuracy of blood pressure measurements using a live subject and a simulator arm, and to determine students' preferences regarding measurement. This was a crossover study comparing blood pressure measurements from a live subject and a simulator arm. Students completed an anonymous survey instrument defining opinions on ease of measurement. Fifty-seven students completed blood pressure measurements on live subjects while 72 students completed blood pressure measurements using the simulator arm. There were no significant systematic differences between the 2 measurement techniques. Systolic blood pressure measurements from a live subject arm were less likely to be within 4 mm Hg compared with measurements of a simulator arm. Diastolic blood pressure measurements were not significantly different between the 2 techniques. Accuracy of student measurement of blood pressure using a simulator arm was similar to the accuracy with a live subject. There was no difference in students' preferences regarding measurement techniques.

Borehole tool outrigger arm displacement control mechanism

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lee, A.G.

1985-01-01

As the outrigger arms of a borehole logging tool are flexed inwardly and outwardly according to the diameter of the borehole opening through which they pass, the corresponding axial displacements of the ends of the arms are controlled to determine the axial positions of the arms relative to the tool. Specifically, as the arm ends move, they are caused to rotate by a cam mechanism. The stiffness of the arms causes the arm ends to rotate in unison, and the exact positions of the arms on the tool are then controlled by the differential movements of the arm ends in the cams

Inter-arm Differences in Simultaneous Blood Pressure Measurements in Ambulatory Patients without Cardiovascular Diseases.

Science.gov (United States)

Kim, Kyoung Bog; Oh, Mi Kyeong; Kim, Haa Gyoung; Ki, Ji Hoon; Lee, Soo Hee; Kim, Su Min

2013-03-01

It has traditionally been known that there is normally a difference in blood pressure (BP) between the two arms; there is at least 20 mm Hg difference in the systolic blood pressure (SBP) and 10 mm Hg difference in the diastolic blood pressure (DBP). However, recent epidemiologic studies have shown that there are between-arm differences of arm differences in simultaneous BP measurements obtained from ambulatory patients without cardiovascular diseases and to identify the factors associated these differences. We examined 464 patients who visited the outpatient clinic of Gangneung Asan Hospital clinical department. For the current analysis, we excluded patients with ischemic heart disease, stroke, arrhythmia, congestive heart failure, or hyperthyroidism. Simultaneous BP measurements were obtained using the Omron MX3 BP monitor in both arms. The inter-arm difference (IAD) in BP was expressed as the relative difference (right-arm BP [R] minus left-arm BP [L]: R - L) and the absolute difference (|R - L|). The mean absolute IAD in SBP and DBP were 3.19 ± 2.38 and 2.41 ± 1.59 mm Hg, respectively, in men and 2.61 ± 2.18 and 2.25 ± 2.01 mm Hg, respectively, in women. In men, there were 83.8% of patients with the IAD in SBP of ≤ 6 mm Hg, 98.1% with the IAD in SBP of ≤ 10 mm Hg, 96.5% with the IAD in DBP of ≤ 6 mm Hg and 0% with the IAD in DBP of > 10 mm Hg. In women, 89.6% of patients had IAD in SBP of ≤ 6 mm Hg, 92.1% with IAD in DBP of ≤ 6 mm Hg, and 0% with IAD in SBP of > 10 mm Hg or IAD in DBP of > 10 mm Hg. Gangneung Asan Hospital clinical series of patients showed that the absolute IAD in SBP had a significant correlation with cardiovascular risk factors such as the 10-year Framingham cardiac risk scores and higher BP in men and higher BP in women. However, the absolute IAD in SBP and DBP had no significant correlation with the age, obesity, smoking, drinking, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and renal function. Our results showed that there

Processes and materials for photovoltaic applications. Workshop; Verfahren und Materialien fuer die Photovoltaik. Workshop

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2001-07-01

Solar energy will surely continue to be the most important renewable energy source. Since 1985, solar cell production has doubled every five years while the per unit price decreased continuously. This trend is expected to continue. Germany made important contributions both in the construction of new solar cell production plants and in the development of new PV materials and material combinations, as well as in technology and PV plant construction. The states of Thuringia and Saxony were significant contributors. In Thuringia, two solar cell production plants were constructed, while Saxon vacuum coating technology was used in nearly all new German production plants. This workshop presented the activities in Thuringia in Saxony. Contacts were to be established between partners from industry and research, joint projects were to be initiated, and society and politicians were to be informed on the success and new chances achieved. The workshop was held on the occasion of the termination of construction and the starting of experimental production of the ANTEC Solar GmbH factory at Rudisleben. [German] Im Mix der erneuerbaren Energien spielt die Solarenergie kuenftig wohl die wichtigste Rolle. Seit 1985 verdoppelt sich die Solarzellenproduktion in jeweils fuenf Jahren, gleichzeitig sank der Preis pro Leistungseinheit kontinuierlich. Dieser Trend wird weiter anhalten. Deutschland leistete in den letzten Jahren wichtige Beitraege zu dieser Entwicklung, sowohl beim Aufbau neuer Fertigungskapazitaeten fuer Solarzellen, als auch bei der Entwicklung neuer Photovoltaik-Materialien bzw. -Materialkombinationen und auf den Gebieten der Technologie und des Anlagenbaus. Der Anteil Thueringens und Sachsens an dieser positiven Entwicklung ist groesser als generell vermutet. In Thueringen entstanden zwei Unternehmen fuer die Solarzellenproduktion, der saechsische Vakuumbeschichtungs-Anlagenbau war am Aufbau fast aller neuen deutschen Fertigungsstaetten beteiligt. Auf dem Workshop werden

Validation of A&D TM-2430 upper-arm blood pressure monitor for ambulatory blood pressure monitoring in children and adolescents, according to the British Hypertension Society protocol.

Science.gov (United States)

Yip, Gabriel Wai-Kwok; So, Hung-Kwan; Li, Albert Martin; Tomlinson, Brian; Wong, Sik-Nin; Sung, Rita Yn-Tz

2012-04-01

The A&D TM-2430 ambulatory blood pressure (BP) monitor has been validated in adults but not in a young population. We sought to validate the device monitoring in children and adolescents, according to the British Hypertension Society (BHS) protocol. The A&D TM-2430 is an automated oscillometric upper-arm device for ambulatory BP monitoring. Nine consecutive measurements were taken in 61 children (mean age, 9.8 years; range, 5-15 years) according to the BHS criteria. Overseen by an independent supervisor, measurements were recorded by two observers blinded from each other's readings and from the device readings. The mean difference ± SD between the observers and device measurements was 0.73 ± 1.64 mmHg for systolic blood pressure (SBP) and -1.23 ± 1.65 mmHg for diastolic blood pressure (DBP), respectively, with an interobserver difference of 4 mmHg. The cumulative percentages of differences within 5, 10, and 15 mmHg were 89, 95, and 98% for SBP and 67, 88, and 98% for DBP. The device achieved a grade A rating for SBP and a B grade for DBP. The A&D TM-2430 upper-arm BP monitor has fulfilled the required BHS standards and can be recommended for measuring ambulatory BP in children and adolescent populations.

Nonparetic arm force does not overinhibit the paretic arm in chronic poststroke hemiparesis.

Science.gov (United States)

Dimyan, Michael A; Perez, Monica A; Auh, Sungyoung; Tarula, Erick; Wilson, Matthew; Cohen, Leonardo G

2014-05-01

To determine whether nonparetic arm force overinhibits the paretic arm in patients with chronic unilateral poststroke hemiparesis. Case-control neurophysiological and behavioral study of patients with chronic stroke. Research institution. Eighty-six referred patients were screened to enroll 9 participants (N=9) with a >6 month history of 1 unilateral ischemic infarct that resulted in arm hemiparesis with residual ability to produce 1Nm of wrist flexion torque and without contraindication to transcranial magnetic stimulation. Eight age- and handedness-matched healthy volunteers without neurologic diagnosis were studied for comparison. Not applicable. Change in interhemispheric inhibition targeting the ipsilesional primary motor cortex (M1) during nonparetic arm force. We hypothesized that interhemispheric inhibition would increase more in healthy controls than in patients with hemiparesis. Healthy age-matched controls had significantly greater increases in inhibition from their active to resting M1 than patients with stroke from their active contralesional to resting ipsilesional M1 in the same scenario (20%±7% vs -1%±4%, F1,12=6.61, P=.025). Patients with greater increases in contralesional to ipsilesional inhibition were better performers on the 9-hole peg test of paretic arm function. Our findings reveal that producing force with the nonparetic arm does not necessarily overinhibit the paretic arm. Though our study is limited in generalizability by the small sample size, we found that greater active contralesional to resting ipsilesional M1 inhibition was related with better recovery in this subset of patients with chronic poststroke. Copyright © 2014 American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

EMG-Based Continuous and Simultaneous Estimation of Arm Kinematics in Able-Bodied Individuals and Stroke Survivors

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jie Liu

2017-08-01

Full Text Available Among the potential biological signals for human-machine interactions (brain, nerve, and muscle signals, electromyography (EMG widely used in clinical setting can be obtained non-invasively as motor commands to control movements. The aim of this study was to develop a model for continuous and simultaneous decoding of multi-joint dynamic arm movements based on multi-channel surface EMG signals crossing the joints, leading to application of myoelectrically controlled exoskeleton robots for upper-limb rehabilitation. Twenty subjects were recruited for this study including 10 stroke subjects and 10 able-bodied subjects. The subjects performed free arm reaching movements in the horizontal plane with an exoskeleton robot. The shoulder, elbow and wrist movements and surface EMG signals from six muscles crossing the three joints were recorded. A non-linear autoregressive exogenous (NARX model was developed to continuously decode the shoulder, elbow and wrist movements based solely on the EMG signals. The shoulder, elbow and wrist movements were decoded accurately based only on the EMG inputs in all the subjects, with the variance accounted for (VAF > 98% for all three joints. The proposed approach is capable of simultaneously and continuously decoding multi-joint movements of the human arm by taking into account the non-linear mappings between the muscle EMGs and joint movements, which may provide less effortful control of robotic exoskeletons for rehabilitation training of individuals with neurological disorders and arm impairment.

Telematics for hazardous goods transportation; Anwendungen fuer den Transport von kritischen Guetern

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Stingl, D [Danzas Logistics GmbH, Hamburg (Germany)

1999-07-01

In the course of the integration of the customer Langnese Iglo in autumn 1997 and in view of the already existing general conditions for the implementation of the equlations of the directive on food hygiene (HACCP-concept) as well as the permanently in reasing demand for quality of logistics DANZAS Logistics GmbH, cooperating closely with in deep-frozen goods customer Langnese-Iglo decided to develop a new system of quality assurance for the transportation of deep-frozen goods and apply this system to all its activities. First ideas about standard demands, technical solutions and multi-functional design showed that the project had to be handled in such a flexible way that temperature controlling (for the transportation of deep-frozen goods, temperature-controlled DANZAS-warehouses and all future temperature-controlled transportation) and the monitoring of security-relevant transportation can be integrated in one and the same project. (orig.) [German] Im Zuge der Integration des Kunden Langnese Iglo im Herbst 1997 und unter Beruecksichtigung der bereits vorliegenden Rahmenbedingungen zur Umsetzung der Bestimmungen der Lebensmittelhygieneverordnung (HACCP-Konzept) sowie des staendig wachsenden Qualitaetsanspruches an logistische Dienstleistungen, hat sich die DANZAS Logistics GmbH in enger Zusammenarbeit mit dem TK-Kunden Langnese Iglo entschlossen, ein innovatives System zur Qualitaetssicherung im Tiefkuehltransport zu erarbeiten und flaechendeckend einzusetzen. Die ersten Gedanken bezueglich Standardanforderungen, technischer Loesungsansaetze und multifunktionaler Ausrichtung zeigten, dass dieses Projekt so variabel zu gestalten ist, dass sowohl Temperaturcontrolling (fuer TK-Transporte, fuer die temperaturgefuehrten DANZAS-Laeger und zukuenftig alle temperaturgefuehrten Transporte) als auch die Ueberwachung sicherheitsrelevanter Transporte zu integrieren sind. (orig.)

Nature of galaxy spiral arms

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Efremov, Yu.N.

1984-01-01

The nature of galaxy spiral arms is discussed in a popular form. Two approaches in the theory of spiral arms are considered; they are related to the problem of differential galaxy rotation and the spiral structure wave theory. The example of Galaxy M31 is considered to compare the structural peculiarity of its spiral arms with the wave theory predictions. The situation in the central and south-eastern part of arm S4 in Galaxy M31 noted to be completely explained by the wave theory and modern concepts on the origin of massive stars

Arms races between and within species.

Science.gov (United States)

Dawkins, R; Krebs, J R

1979-09-21

An adaptation in one lineage (e.g. predators) may change the selection pressure on another lineage (e.g. prey), giving rise to a counter-adaptation. If this occurs reciprocally, an unstable runaway escalation or 'arms race' may result. We discuss various factors which might give one side an advantage in an arms race. For example, a lineage under strong selection may out-evolve a weakly selected one (' the life-dinner principle'). We then classify arms races in two independent ways. They may be symmetric or asymmetric, and they may be interspecific or intraspecific. Our example of an asymmetric interspecific arms race is that between brood parasites and their hosts. The arms race concept may help to reduce the mystery of why cuckoo hosts are so good at detecting cuckoo eggs, but so bad at detecting cuckoo nestlings. The evolutionary contest between queen and worker ants over relative parental investment is a good example of an intraspecific asymmetric arms race. Such cases raise special problems because the participants share the same gene pool. Interspecific symmetric arms races are unlikely to be important, because competitors tend to diverge rather than escalate competitive adaptations. Intraspecific symmetric arms races, exemplified by adaptations for male-male competition, may underlie Cope's Rule and even the extinction of lineages. Finally we consider ways in which arms races can end. One lineage may drive the other to extinction; one may reach an optimum, thereby preventing the other from doing so; a particularly interesting possibility, exemplified by flower-bee coevolution, is that both sides may reach a mutual local optimum; lastly, arms races may have no stable and but may cycle continuously. We do not wish necessarily to suggest that all, or even most, evolutionary change results from arms races, but we do suggest that the arms race concept may help to resolve three long-standing questions in evolutionary theory.

The Institute for Mining Science I at the Rhineland-Westphalia Technological University in Aachen; Das Institut fuer Bergbaukunde I der RWTH Aachen

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Martens, P.N.; Moellerherm, S.; Rattmann, L. [Technische Hochschule Aachen (Germany). Lehrstuhl und Inst. fuer Bergbaukunde 1

2001-02-08

The Institute for Mining Science I has been associated with the extraction of raw materials for over one hundred years. The main areas of work of the Institute have always been adapted to current requirements according to general developments in the raw materials sector and in this environment. The work in research and teaching has recently been extended by new fields. Today mining and sustained handling of resources, geotechnics, raw material management and underground disposal of waste are examples of parts of a comprehensive range of competences. The close interlinking of theory and practice allows students to broaden their knowledge in interdisciplinary and international projects. The graduates are thus prepared in an excellent manner for their future tasks. (orig.) [German] Seit ueber hundert Jahren steht das Institut fuer Bergbaukunde I fuer Gewinnung von Rohstoffen. Schwerpunkte der Arbeiten des Instituts wurden, allgemeinen Entwicklungen in der Rohstoffbranche und in deren Umfeld entsprechend, stets den aktuellen Erfordernissen angepasst. Die Arbeit in Forschung und Lehre ist in den letzten Jahren um neue Bereiche erweitert worden. Heute sind Bergbau und nachhaltiger Umfang mit Ressourcen, Geotechnik, Rohstoffwirtschaft sowie untertaegige Abfallentsorgung als Beispiele fuer Teile eines umfassenden Kompetenzspektrums zu nennen. Die enge Verzahnung von Theorie und Praxis ermoeglicht Studierenden, ihre Kenntnisse fruehzeitig in interdisziplinaeren und internationalen Projekten zu vertiefen. Damit werden die Absolventen auf ihre zukuenftigen Aufgaben in hervorragender Weise vorbereitet. (orig.)

JPRS Report Arms Control

National Research Council Canada - National Science Library

1993-01-01

Table of Contents: (1) COMMONWEALTH OF INDEPENDENT STATES - (A) GENERAL Flaws in U.S.-Russian SSD Agreement Viewed, Khariton - Espionage Not Crucial in Soviet Nuclear Arms Development, Further on Espionage Role in Nuclear Arms Projects...

Photovoltaics for appliances and small systems. Enhancement of the PVS for Windows simulation program for development and simulation of PV appliances and small systems. Final report; Photovoltaik fuer Geraete und Kleinsysteme. Erweiterung des Simulationsprogramms PVS fuer Windows zur Entwicklung und Simulation von PV-versorgten Geraeten und Kleinsystemen. Schlussbericht

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Vogt, R.; Imann, C.; Jung, V.

2002-06-28

The PVS simulation program for Windows was to be extended to the development and simulation of PV-supported equipment and small systems. The following new functions were to be integrated: a) Simulation and dimensioning of indoor power supply of systems with different light sources and independent outdoor systems. b)Integration of small wind generators in the simulation and dimensioning of isolated autonomous systems, including wind data and a component database for small wind turbines; c) Differentiation of the PVS battery model for different battery types (lead, Ni/Cd, Li etc.), optimized operating strategies and flexible dimensioning including an additional component database for battery types; d) Extensive cost analysis for PV-supported appliances and small systems, from investments to consumption, operation and maintenance. This will facilitate investment decisions and help systems of this type along in the market. All program components were designed for high flexibility. Users should be able to vary as many parameters as possible, and to generate and modify their own records. The current project focused on the user interface, i.e. input, data processing, and output. Parallel to this, the Fraunhofer ISE Institute worked on modifications of the computer hardware. [German] Das Projekt zielte auf eine Erweiterung des Simulationsprogramms PVS fuer Windows zur Entwicklung und Simulation von PV-versorgten Geraeten und Kleinsystemen hin. Das Entwicklungsprodukt sollte zusaetzlich zu den bisherigen Funktionen insbesondere Folgendes leisten: (a) Simulation und Dimensionierung der Energieversorgung von Geraeten im Indoor-Bereich, wobei unterschiedliche Lichtquellen verarbeitet werden muessen, sowie von sonstigen netzfreien (Outdoor-) Kleinsystemen. (b) Einbindung kleiner Windgeneratoren in die Simulation und Dimensionierung von netzfernen Systemen (Insel-Anlagen), einschliesslich Bereitstellung der Wind-Daten und einer zusaetzlichen Komponenten-Datenbank fuer kleine

Organization of octopus arm movements: a model system for studying the control of flexible arms.

Science.gov (United States)

Gutfreund, Y; Flash, T; Yarom, Y; Fiorito, G; Segev, I; Hochner, B

1996-11-15

Octopus arm movements provide an extreme example of controlled movements of a flexible arm with virtually unlimited degrees of freedom. This study aims to identify general principles in the organization of these movements. Video records of the movements of Octopus vulgaris performing the task of reaching toward a target were studied. The octopus extends its arm toward the target by a wave-like propagation of a bend that travels from the base of the arm toward the tip. Similar bend propagation is seen in other octopus arm movements, such as locomotion and searching. The kinematics (position and velocity) of the midpoint of the bend in three-dimensional space were extracted using the direct linear transformation algorithm. This showed that the bend tends to move within a single linear plane in a simple, slightly curved path connecting the center of the animal's body with the target location. Approximately 70% of the reaching movements demonstrated a stereotyped tangential velocity profile. An invariant profile was observed when movements were normalized for velocity and distance. Two arms, extended together in the same behavioral context, demonstrated identical velocity profiles. The stereotyped features of the movements were also observed in spontaneous arm extensions (not toward an external target). The simple and stereotypic appearance of the bend trajectory suggests that the position of the bend in space and time is the controlled variable. We propose that this strategy reduces the immense redundancy of the octopus arm movements and hence simplifies motor control.

The scintillating fiber focal plane detector for the use of Kaos as a double arm spectrometer

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ayerbe Gayoso, Carlos Antonio

2012-05-25

The upgrade of the Mainz Mikrotron (MAMI) electron accelerator facility in 2007 which raised the beam energy up to 1.5 GeV, gives the opportunity to study strangeness production channels through electromagnetic process. The Kaon Spectrometer (KAOS) managed by the A1 Collaboration, enables the efficient detection of the kaons associated with strangeness electroproduction. Used as a single arm spectrometer, it can be combined with the existing high-resolution spectrometers for exclusive measurements in the kinematic domain accessible to them. For studying hypernuclear production in the {sup A}Z(e,e'K{sup +}){sup A}{sub {lambda}}(Z-1) reaction, the detection of electrons at very forward angles is needed. Therefore, the use of KAOS as a double-arm spectrometer for detection of kaons and the electrons at the same time is mandatory. Thus, the electron arm should be provided with a new detector package, with high counting rate capability and high granularity for a good spatial resolution. To this end, a new state-of-the-art scintillating fiber hodoscope has been developed as an electron detector. The hodoscope is made of two planes with a total of 18432 scintillating double-clad fibers of 0.83 mm diameter. Each plane is formed by 72 modules. Each module is formed from a 60 slanted multi-layer bundle, where 4 fibers of a tilted column are connected to a common read out. The read-out is made with 32 channels of linear array multianode photomultipliers. Signal processing makes use of newly developed double-threshold discriminators. The discriminated signal is sent in parallel to dead-time free time-to-digital modules and to logic modules for triggering purposes. Two fiber modules were tested with a carbon beam at GSI, showing a time resolution of {proportional_to}220 ps (FWHM) and a position resolution of {proportional_to}270 {mu}m (FWHM) with a detection efficiency {epsilon}>99%. The characterization of the spectrometer arm has been achieved through simulations

The scintillating fiber focal plane detector for the use of Kaos as a double arm spectrometer

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ayerbe Gayoso, Carlos Antonio

2012-01-01

The upgrade of the Mainz Mikrotron (MAMI) electron accelerator facility in 2007 which raised the beam energy up to 1.5 GeV, gives the opportunity to study strangeness production channels through electromagnetic process. The Kaon Spectrometer (KAOS) managed by the A1 Collaboration, enables the efficient detection of the kaons associated with strangeness electroproduction. Used as a single arm spectrometer, it can be combined with the existing high-resolution spectrometers for exclusive measurements in the kinematic domain accessible to them. For studying hypernuclear production in the A Z(e,e'K + ) A Λ (Z-1) reaction, the detection of electrons at very forward angles is needed. Therefore, the use of KAOS as a double-arm spectrometer for detection of kaons and the electrons at the same time is mandatory. Thus, the electron arm should be provided with a new detector package, with high counting rate capability and high granularity for a good spatial resolution. To this end, a new state-of-the-art scintillating fiber hodoscope has been developed as an electron detector. The hodoscope is made of two planes with a total of 18432 scintillating double-clad fibers of 0.83 mm diameter. Each plane is formed by 72 modules. Each module is formed from a 60 slanted multi-layer bundle, where 4 fibers of a tilted column are connected to a common read out. The read-out is made with 32 channels of linear array multianode photomultipliers. Signal processing makes use of newly developed double-threshold discriminators. The discriminated signal is sent in parallel to dead-time free time-to-digital modules and to logic modules for triggering purposes. Two fiber modules were tested with a carbon beam at GSI, showing a time resolution of ∝220 ps (FWHM) and a position resolution of ∝270 μm (FWHM) with a detection efficiency ε>99%. The characterization of the spectrometer arm has been achieved through simulations calculating the transfer matrix of track parameters from the fiber

High precision detector robot arm system

Science.gov (United States)

Shu, Deming; Chu, Yong

2017-01-31

A method and high precision robot arm system are provided, for example, for X-ray nanodiffraction with an X-ray nanoprobe. The robot arm system includes duo-vertical-stages and a kinematic linkage system. A two-dimensional (2D) vertical plane ultra-precision robot arm supporting an X-ray detector provides positioning and manipulating of the X-ray detector. A vertical support for the 2D vertical plane robot arm includes spaced apart rails respectively engaging a first bearing structure and a second bearing structure carried by the 2D vertical plane robot arm.

Simple Stirling engine as cogeneration unit in residential areas; Einfacher Stirling-Motor fuer die Waerme-Kraft-Kopplung (WKK) in kleinen Wohngebaeuden

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Budliger, J.P.

2000-07-01

Free-piston Stirling engines have been recognized for long as an ideally suited unit for combined heat and power (CHP) production in homes. The considerably improved use of fossil fuel as compared to their separate production, the clean, external combustion process and low noise are major assets, favouring the use of this technology in residential areas. However, up to present, the complexity and correspondingly high cost of these units hampered their practical application. A new, simple concept has recently been devised, which can easily be controlled and operated according to demand. Cost may be reduced substantially as compared to presently known concepts, giving promise for their widespread use in residential homes, as well as in a variety of other applications. (orig.) [German] Freikolben-Stirling-Motoren sind ideale Aggregate fuer die Waerme-Kraft-Kopplung (WKK oder KWK) in kleineren Wohnhaeusern. Der Brennstoff kann wesentlich besser genutzt werden als bei getrennter Bereitung der benoetigten Heizwaerme und der elektrischen Energie. Die saubere, kontinuierliche aeussere Verbrennung und der geringe abgegebene Laerm stellen wichtige Bedingungen fuer einen erfolgreichen Einsatz solcher Systeme im Wohnbereich dar. Bisher verhinderten aber die Komplexitaet der verfuegbaren Systeme den praktischen Einsatz dieser Einheiten. Im Folgenden wird ein neues, einfaches Konzept vorgestellt, welches zuverlaessig funktioniert und auch unter Teillast, dem benoetigten Waermebedarf genau angepasst, betrieben werden kann. Die Herstellungskosten sind wesentlich geringer als bei den bisher bekannten Systemen, was ideale Voraussetzungen fuer deren verbreitete Anwendung im Haushalt, wie in vielfaeltigen anderen Einsatzgebieten darstellt. (orig.)

Fracture-mechanical analysis of metal/ceramic composites for applications in high-temperature fuel cells (SOFC); Bruchmechanische Untersuchung von Metall/Keramik-Verbunsystemen fuer die Anwendung in der Hochtemperaturbrennstoffzelle (SOFC)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kuhn, Bernd Josef

2008-08-25

The author investigated the deformation and damage behaviour of soldered ceramic/metal joints in SOFC stacks, using thermochemical methods. Methods for analyzing sandwich systems and for mechanical characterization of joints were adapted and modified in order to provide fundamental understanding of the mechanical properties of soldered joints. [German] In dieser Arbeit wurde das Verformungs- und Schaedigungsverhalten von Keramik/ Metall-Loetverbindungen fuer SOFC-Stacks thermomechanisch untersucht. Verfahren zur Analyse von Schichtsystemen und fuer die mechanische Charakterisierung von Fuegeverbindungen wurden adaptiert und weiterentwickelt, um zu einem grundlegenden Verstaendnis der mechanischen Eigenschaften von Loetverbindungen zu gelangen.

Validation of the Andon KD-5917 automatic upper arm blood pressure monitor, for clinic use and self-measurement, according to the European Society of Hypertension International Protocol revision 2010.

Science.gov (United States)

Guo, Wan-Gang; Li, Bing-Ling; He, Yong; Xue, Yu-Sheng; Wang, Hai-Yan; Zheng, Qiang-Sun; Xiang, Ding-Cheng

2014-08-01

To validate the Andon KD-5917 automatic upper arm blood pressure monitor according to the European Society of Hypertension International Protocol revision 2010. Sequential same-left-arm measurements of systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were obtained in 33 participants using the mercury sphygmomanometer and the test device. According to the validation protocol, 99 pairs of test device and reference blood pressure measurements (three pairs for each of the 33 participants) were obtained in the study. The device produced 73, 98, and 99 measurements within 5, 10, and 15 mmHg for SBP and 86, 98, and 99 for DBP, respectively. The mean ± SD device-observer difference was 3.07 ± 3.68 mmHg for SBP and -0.89 ± 3.72 mmHg for DBP. The number of patients with two or three of the device-observer difference within 5 mmHg was 26 for SBP and 29 for DBP, and no patient had a device-observer difference within 5 mmHg. The Andon KD-5917 automatic upper arm blood pressure monitor can be recommended for clinical use and self-measurement in an adult population on the basis of the European Society of Hypertension International Protocol revision 2010.

Algorithms for Unequal-Arm Michelson Interferometers

Science.gov (United States)

Giampieri, Giacomo; Hellings, Ronald W.; Tinto, Massimo; Bender, Peter L.; Faller, James E.

1994-01-01

A method of data acquisition and data analysis is described in which the performance of Michelson-type interferometers with unequal arms can be made nearly the same as interferometers with equal arms. The method requires a separate readout of the relative phase in each arm, made by interfering the returning beam in each arm with a fraction of the outgoing beam.

FY1995 development of artificial arm 'SMART ARM' by spherical ultrasonic motor; 1995 nendo kyumen choonpa motor wo mochiita jinko gishu smart arm no kaihatsu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1997-03-01

The project has an intention of development of new type artificial arm by spherical ultrasonic motor. We have succeeded in developing new type of spherical ultrasonic motor with three DOF. And we have succeeded in applying the motor to an artificial arm. This arm have advantages of small size, low weight torque comparing with conventional ones. We demonstrated them the new arm behaved well and it had good controlabilty. (NEDO)

Pumps for cryogenic liquids with superconducting magnetic bearings. Final report; Pumpen fuer kryogene Fluessigkeiten mit supraleitenden Magnetlagern. Abschlussbericht

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Gerlach, G.; Fuchs, G.; Sorber, J.; Brosche, H.; Richter, M.; Frenzel, C.

2000-07-01

A liquid nitrogen pump with contactless superconducting magnetic bearings was to be developed on the basis of an available motor with superconducting bearings. Contactless superconducting magnetic bearings require practically no servicing. A high demand for pumps for cryogenic liquids is expected with the impending use of hydrogen as an energy source. The pumping of liquid nitrogen was demonstrated successfully with the new test aggregate. The maximum pumped volume was 17 l/min at a lift of 0.5 m and 6 l/min at a lift of 1 m. In all, 15 hours of operation were registered in the superconducting state of the bearing, which included 2 hours of uninterrupted pump operation. The higher speed range for which magnetic bearings are optimally suited was not reached. Operation at higher frequencies was impossible either because of stronger resonance amplituees or because the power system was too weak. [German] Ziel des Vorhabens war die Entwicklung einer Pumpe fuer fluessigen Stickstoff mit beruehrungslosen supraleitenden Magnetlagern auf der Basis eines vorhandenen supraleitend gelagerten Motors. Die beruehrungslose supraleitende Magnetlager sind praktisch wartungsfrei. Ein Bedarf an Pumpen fuer kryogene Fluessigkeiten entsteht insbesondere durch den in naher Zukunft zu erwartenden Einsatz von Wasserstoff als Energietraeger. Mit dem entworfenen Aggregat wurde das Pumpen von Fluessigstickstoff erfolgreich demonstriert. Der Foerderstrom betrug bei 0,5m Foerderhoehe maximal 17 l/min; beim 1m Foerderhoehe wurden maximal 6 l/min gemessen. Es wurden insgesamt ca. 15 Betriebsstunden in supraleitenden Zustand des Lagers, darunter 2 Stunden ununterbrochener Pumpbetrieb registriert. Der hoehere Drehzahlbereich, fuer den das Magnetlager eigentlich paedestiniert ist, konnte nicht erreicht werden. Ein Betrieb bei hoeheren (Ist-)Frequenzen war nicht moeglich, entweder durch staerkere Resonanzausschlaege oder durch einen zu schwachen Antrieb. (orig.)

Octopus-inspired multi-arm robotic swimming.

Science.gov (United States)

Sfakiotakis, M; Kazakidi, A; Tsakiris, D P

2015-05-13

The outstanding locomotor and manipulation characteristics of the octopus have recently inspired the development, by our group, of multi-functional robotic swimmers, featuring both manipulation and locomotion capabilities, which could be of significant engineering interest in underwater applications. During its little-studied arm-swimming behavior, as opposed to the better known jetting via the siphon, the animal appears to generate considerable propulsive thrust and rapid acceleration, predominantly employing movements of its arms. In this work, we capture the fundamental characteristics of the corresponding complex pattern of arm motion by a sculling profile, involving a fast power stroke and a slow recovery stroke. We investigate the propulsive capabilities of a multi-arm robotic system under various swimming gaits, namely patterns of arm coordination, which achieve the generation of forward, as well as backward, propulsion and turning. A lumped-element model of the robotic swimmer, which considers arm compliance and the interaction with the aquatic environment, was used to study the characteristics of these gaits, the effect of various kinematic parameters on propulsion, and the generation of complex trajectories. This investigation focuses on relatively high-stiffness arms. Experiments employing a compliant-body robotic prototype swimmer with eight compliant arms, all made of polyurethane, inside a water tank, successfully demonstrated this novel mode of underwater propulsion. Speeds of up to 0.26 body lengths per second (approximately 100 mm s(-1)), and propulsive forces of up to 3.5 N were achieved, with a non-dimensional cost of transport of 1.42 with all eight arms and of 0.9 with only two active arms. The experiments confirmed the computational results and verified the multi-arm maneuverability and simultaneous object grasping capability of such systems.

Big like a gym. New business models for public utilities; Gross wie eine Turnhalle. Neue Geschaeftsmodelle fuer Stadtwerke

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Schwarzburger, Heiko

2013-10-01

Electricity storage is no longer a vision, also in the case of greater power ratings too. The breakthrough is done: ready-to-connect systems are available as complete packages or containers. [German] Stromspeicher sind keine Vision mehr. Auch nicht fuer grosse Leistungen. Der Durchbruch ist geschafft: Anschlussfertige Systeme sind als Container oder Gesamtpakete verfuegbar.

45 CFR 98.33 - Consumer education.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-10-01

... 45 Public Welfare 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Consumer education. 98.33 Section 98.33 Public... Program Operations (Child Care Services)-Parental Rights and Responsibilities § 98.33 Consumer education... public consumer education information that will promote informed child care choices including, at a...

45 CFR 98.32 - Parental complaints.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-10-01

... 45 Public Welfare 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Parental complaints. 98.32 Section 98.32 Public Welfare DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES GENERAL ADMINISTRATION CHILD CARE AND DEVELOPMENT FUND Program Operations (Child Care Services)-Parental Rights and Responsibilities § 98.32 Parental complaints...

22 CFR 9.8 - Classification challenges.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-04-01

... 22 Foreign Relations 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Classification challenges. 9.8 Section 9.8 Foreign Relations DEPARTMENT OF STATE GENERAL SECURITY INFORMATION REGULATIONS § 9.8 Classification... classification status is improper are expected and encouraged to challenge the classification status of the...

Ion-beam enhanced etching for the 3D structuration of lithium niobate; Ionenstrahlverstaerktes Aetzen fuer die 3D-Strukturierung von Lithiumniobat

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Gischkat, Thomas

2010-01-12

The present thesis deals with the usage of the ion-beam enhanced etching (IBEE) for the 3D structuration of lithium niobate (LiNbO{sub 3}).Hereby the approach of the enhancement of the wet-chemical etching rate due to the irradiation with energetic ions is pursued. This method is very success promising for the realization of micro- and nanostructures with perpendicular structural walls as well as small roughnesses. The aim of this thesis consisted therein to form the foundations for the realization of three-dimensional micro- and nanostructures (for instance: Layer systems and photonic crystals) in LiNbO{sub 3} with high optical quality and to demonstrate on selected examples. Conditions for the success of the IBEE structuration technique is first of all the understanding of the defect formation under ion irradiation as well as the radiation-induced structure changes in the crystal and the change of the chemical resistance connected with this. For this the defect formation was studied in dependence on th ion mass, the ion energy, and the irradiation temperature. Thermally induced influences and effects on the radiation damage, as they can occur in intermediate steps in the complex processing, must be known and were studied by means of subsequent temperature treatment. The results from the defect studies were subsequently applied for the fabrication of micro- and nanostructures in LiNbO{sub 3}. Shown is the realization of lateral structure with nearly perpendicular structure walls as well as the realization of thin membranes and slits. The subsequent combination of lateral structuration with the fabrication of thin membranes and slits allowed the three-dimensional structuration of LiNbO{sub 3}. This is exemplarily shown for a microresonator and for a 2D photonic crystal with below lying air slit. [German] Die vorliegende Arbeit beschaeftigt sich mit der Ausnutzung des ionenstrahlverstaerkten Aetzens (IBEE: Ion Beam Enhanced Etching) fuer die 3D-Strukturierung von

45 CFR 98.31 - Parental access.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-10-01

... 45 Public Welfare 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Parental access. 98.31 Section 98.31 Public Welfare DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES GENERAL ADMINISTRATION CHILD CARE AND DEVELOPMENT FUND Program Operations (Child Care Services)-Parental Rights and Responsibilities § 98.31 Parental access. The...

29 CFR 98.920 - Civil judgment.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-07-01

... 29 Labor 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 true Civil judgment. 98.920 Section 98.920 Labor Office of the Secretary of Labor GOVERNMENTWIDE DEBARMENT AND SUSPENSION (NONPROCUREMENT) Definitions § 98.920 Civil judgment. Civil judgment means the disposition of a civil action by any court of competent jurisdiction...

45 CFR 98.30 - Parental choice.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-10-01

... Program Operations (Child Care Services)-Parental Rights and Responsibilities § 98.30 Parental choice. (a... category of care; or (2) Having the effect of limiting parental access to or choice from among such... 45 Public Welfare 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Parental choice. 98.30 Section 98.30 Public...

27 CFR 6.98 - Advertising service.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-04-01

... 27 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Advertising service. 6.98 Section 6.98 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms ALCOHOL AND TOBACCO TAX AND TRADE BUREAU, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY LIQUORS âTIED-HOUSEâ Exceptions § 6.98 Advertising service. The listing of the names...

Mega hub for intermodal transport - the planning of the most advanced container terminal in the world; Mega-Drehscheibe fuer den Kombinierten Verkehr - Planung des modernsten Containerbahnhofes der Welt

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Franke, K.P. [Noell Stahl- und Maschinenbau GmbH, Wuerzburg (Germany). Abt. Hafentechnik

1998-12-31

The introduction of innovative mega hub systems for the operation of cargo trains is a promising starting point for increasing the efficiency of intermodal transport. A first mega hub as it is known has been planned for Northern Germany with its centre in Lehrte near Hannover. Instead of shunting the waggons, containers will be transferred from train to train at the mega hub. This is not only faster, but also more economical and thus more attractive to rail transport clients. No other known system can achieve such high transhipment/shunting capacities per surface unit. The design of the system guarantees the maximum degree of flexibility in transhipment operations. A high degree of automation will ensure the quality and speed of transhipment. The technical development of the fast transhipment system (FTS) by Noell has been completed. (orig.) [Deutsch] Ein vielversprechender Ansatz fuer die Steigerung der Leistungsfaehigkeit des Kombinierten Verkehrs (KV) ist die Einfuehrung von innovativen Drehscheibensystemen fuer den Betrieb der Cargo-Zuege. Eine erste sogenannte Mega-Drehscheibe wurde fuer den Norden Deutschlands mit Zentrum Lehrte bei Hannover geplant. Statt zu rangieren sollen in der Mega-Drehscheibe die Behaelter zwischen den Zuegen umsteigen. Das ist schneller, kostenguenstiger und damit attraktiver fuer den Bahnkunden. Darueber hinaus ist kein System bekannt, bei dem eine so hohe Umschlag-/Umstelleistung je Flaecheneinheit realisiert werden kann. Die Gestaltung der Anlage gewaehrt eine maximale Flexibilitaet im Umschlagbetrieb. Ein hoher Automatisierungsgrad wird Qualitaet und Schnelligkeit des Umschlages sichern. Die technische Entwicklung der Schnellumschlagtechnik seitens Noell ist abgeschlossen. (orig.)

Detailed data set of a large administration building as a validation model for DIN V18599-software; Umfangreicher Validierungsdatensatz eines grossen Verwaltungsgebaeudes fuer Software zur DIN V 18599

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hoettges, Kirsten; Woessner, Simon; de Boer, Jan; Erhorn, Hans [Fraunhofer-Institut fuer Bauphysik (IBP), Abt. Energiesysteme, Kassel (Germany); Fraunhofer-Institut fuer Bauphysik (IBP), Stuttgart (Germany)

2009-04-15

The calculation method of DIN V 18599 represents a very complex model for the estimation of the energy efficiency of buildings. The method is used for certificates too, thus, the number of users is quite high. This fact and the complexity of the method causes high demands on the related software products. Most of the end user software tools work with the calculation engine ibp18599kernel developed by Fraunhofer-Institut for Building Physics. There is a continuous quality control for both, the kernel and the user interfaces, i.e. the end user software. This paper gives an overview of the process of quality control as well as a documentation of a validation model used within this process, i.e. a complex administration building as a sample. (Abstract Copyright [2009], Wiley Periodicals, Inc.) [German] Mit dem Berechnungsverfahren der DIN V 18599 liegt ein umfassendes Berechnungsmodell fuer die energetische Bewertung von Gebaeuden vor. Der grosse Umfang der Verfahren stellt auch an die softwaretechnischen Umsetzungen fuer die Planungspraxis hohe Anforderungen. Das Fraunhofer-Institut fuer Bauphysik hat hierzu den Rechenkern ibp18599kernel entwickelt, der zwischenzeit-lich von zahlreichen Softwarehaeusern fuer Endanwendungsprogramme zur energetischen Bewertung und Erstellung von Energieausweisen eingesetzt wird. Dieser ''Rechenmotor'' unterliegt einer steten Qualitaetskontrolle zur Sicherstellung der Berechnungsgenauigkeit. Der vorliegende Aufsatz stellt den Prozess der Qualitaetssicherung anhand eines neuen Validierungsbeispiels in Form eines komplexen Verwaltungsgebaeudes vor. Die Fallstudie kann auch zur Validierung anderer Berechnungssysteme, die nicht auf dem Rechenkern basieren, genutzt werden. (Abstract Copyright [2009], Wiley Periodicals, Inc.)

Alternative drives for motor cars. Hybrid systems, fuel cells, alternative energy sources. 2. enl. ed.; Alternative Antriebe fuer Automobile. Hybridsysteme, Brennstoffzellen, alternative Energietraeger

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Stan, Cornel [Berkeley Univ., CA (United States)]|[Paris Univ. (France)]|[Pisa Univ. (Italy)]|[Perugia Univ. (Italy)]|[Westsaechsischen Hochschule Zwickau (Germany)

2008-07-01

The implementation possibilities of future drive concepts - from hybrid systems comprising an electric motor and an internal combustion engine to fuel cells to alternative fuels like hydrogen or alcohol - will depend largely on quality criteria, e.g. power density, rotary momentum, acceleration characteristics, specific energy consumption, emissions of chemical substances, and noise. The boundary criteria for the introduction of realizeable concepts of alternative drives for motor cars will be defined by the availability and storability of the envisaged fuels, technical complexity, cost, safety, infrastructure and service. The book presents and analyzes the processes, drives and energy sources that can be combined in complex energy management systems for motor cars in accordance with the aforementioned criteria. Knowledge about these facts is indispensable for the development of new concepts. The 2nd edition describes many new developments in car propulsion systems as well as their combinations, new energy sources, energy converters and energy stores. All contents and literature reflect the latest state of science and technology. (orig.) [German] Ueber die Realisierungsmoeglichkeiten zukuenftiger Antriebskonzepte - von Hybridsystemen Elektro-/Verbrennungsmotor ueber Brennstoffzellen bis zu alternativen Energietraegern wie Wasserstoff oder Alkohol - werden fundierte Kriterien der Qualitaet eines Antriebs entscheiden. Leistungsdichte, Drehmomentverlauf, Beschleunigungscharakteristik, spezifischer Energieverbrauch sowie Emission chemischer Stoffe und Geraeusche sind dafuer wichtige Merkmale zur Qualitaetsbeurteilung. Die Verfuegbarkeit und die Speicherfaehigkeit vorgesehener Energietraeger, die technische Komplexitaet, Kosten, Sicherheit, Infrastruktur und Service werden die Randbedingungen fuer die Einfuehrung realisierbarer Konzepte alternativer Antriebe fuer Automobile stellen. Die Uebersicht und die Analyse der Prozesse, Antriebsmaschinen und Energietraeger, die

Security and arms control

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kolodziej, E.A.; Morgan, P.M.

1989-01-01

This book attempts to clarify and define selected current issues and problems related to security and arms control from an international perspective. The chapters are organized under the following headings. Conflict and the international system, Nuclear deterrence, Conventional warfare, Subconventional conflict, Arms control and crisis management

Application of the results of pipe stress analyses into fracture mechanics defect analyses for welds of nuclear piping components; Uebernahme der Ergebnisse von Rohrsystemanalysen (Spannungsanalysen) fuer bruchmechanische Fehlerbewertungen fuer Schweissnaehte an Rohrleitungsbauteilen in kerntechnischen Anlagen

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Dittmar, S.; Neubrech, G.E.; Wernicke, R. [TUeV Nord SysTec GmbH und Co.KG (Germany); Rieck, D. [IGN Ingenieurgesellschaft Nord mbH und Co.KG (Germany)

2008-07-01

For the fracture mechanical assessment of postulated or detected crack-like defects in welds of piping systems it is necessary to know the stresses in the un-cracked component normal to the crack plane. Results of piping stress analyses may be used if these are evaluated for the locations of the welds in the piping system. Using stress enhancing factors (stress indices, stress factors) the needed stress components are calculated from the component specific sectional loads (forces and moments). For this procedure the tabulated stress enhancing factors, given in the standards (ASME Code, German KTA regulations) for determination and limitation of the effective stresses, are not always and immediately adequate for the calculation of the stress component normal to the crack plane. The contribution shows fundamental possibilities and validity limits for adoption of the results of piping system analyses for the fracture mechanical evaluation of axial and circumferential defects in welded joints, with special emphasis on typical piping system components (straight pipe, elbow, pipe fitting, T-joint). The lecture is supposed to contribute to the standardization of a code compliant and task-related use of the piping system analysis results for fracture mechanical failure assessment. [German] Fuer die bruchmechanische Bewertung von postulierten oder bei der wiederkehrenden zerstoerungsfreien Pruefung detektierten rissartigen Fehlern in Schweissnaehten von Rohrsystemen werden die Spannungen in der ungerissenen Bauteilwand senkrecht zur Rissebene benoetigt. Hierfuer koennen die Ergebnisse von Rohrsystemanalysen (Spannungsanalysen) genutzt werden, wenn sie fuer die Orte der Schweissnaehte im Rohrsystem ausgewertet werden. Mit Hilfe von Spannungserhoehungsfaktoren (Spannungsindizes, Spannungsbeiwerten) werden aus den komponentenweise berechneten Schnittlasten (Kraefte und Momente) die benoetigten Spannungskomponenten berechnet. Dabei sind jedoch die in den Regelwerken (ASME

Version of the galaxy spiral structure model with opposite-directed arms and inter-arm links

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Dolidze, M V [AN Gruzinskoj SSR, Abastumani. Abastumanskaya Astrofizicheskaya Observatoriya

1963-05-01

An attempt is made to explain some peculiarities of the local spiral structure and large-scale distribution of HII regions in the Galaxy by coexistence of the trailing and leading arm systems of different power and development. The existence of opposite-directed arms and inter-arm links in the circular zone (5-15 kpc) is analysed from the point of view of different Galaxy models.

29 CFR 1915.98 - First aid.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-07-01

... 29 Labor 7 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false First aid. 1915.98 Section 1915.98 Labor Regulations...) OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS FOR SHIPYARD EMPLOYMENT General Working Conditions § 1915.98 First aid...) Unless a first aid room and a qualified attendant are close at hand and prepared to render first aid to...

Particle reduction strategies - PAREST. Evaluation of emission reduction scenarios using chemical transport calculations. Traffic model TREMOD and traffic model TREMOVE. Sub-report.; Strategien zur Verminderung der Feinstaubbelastung - PAREST. Bewertung von Emissionsminderungsszenarien mit Hilfe chemischer Transportberechnungen. Verkehrsmodell TREMOD und Verkehrsmodell TREMOVE. Teilbericht

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Stern, Rainer [Freie Univ. Berlin (Germany). Inst. fuer Meteorologie, Troposphaerische Umweltforschung

2013-06-15

;'Einfuehrung einer Grenzwertstufe Euro VI fuer schwere Nutzfahrzeuge'' und ''Bestehende Lkw-Maut inkl. Foerderung der Anschaffung emissionsaermerer SNF'' in das Referenzszenario integriert sind und nicht mehr als zusaetzliche Massnahme behandelt werden (Joerss et al., 2010). Alternativ zu TREMOD 4.17M wurden im Rahmen des Projekts auch Emissionsdatensaetze erstellt, in denen die Verkehrsemissionen mit dem Modell TREMOVE, Version 2.7 berechnet wurden (Kugler et al., 2010). TREMOVE ist das Verkehrsmodell, das von der Europaeischen Kommission fuer die Entwicklung von Verkehrsszenarien verwendet wird. Dieser Bericht dokumentiert die Unterschiede zwischen den Immissionsverteilungen von PM10 und NO{sub 2}, die sich durch die Anwendung des europaeischen Verkehrsmodells ergeben. Betrachtet werden die Referenz 2005, die den Ist-Zustand fuer das Jahr 2005 beschreibt und die Referenz 2020, die den Emissionszustand beschreibt, der nach Umsetzung jetzt bereits beschlossener Massnahmen im Jahr 2020 erreicht werden soll. Die mit TREMOVE 2.7 berechneten Auspuffemissionen fuer die Stoffe NO{sub x}, SO2 und PM10 sind deutlich hoeher und fuer die Kohlenwasserstoffe deutlich niedriger als die mit TREMOD 4.17M berechneten Emissionen. Beim PM10 gibt es in der Summe nur geringe Aenderungen, da die hoeheren PM10-Auspuffemissionen von TREMOVE durch die niedrigeren PM10-Emissionen durch Brems- und Reifenabrieb kompensiert werden. Die relativen Abnahmen von 2005 nach 2020 fallen nach TREMOVE fuer die Auspuffemissionen niedriger aus als bei TREMOD. Diese Unterschiede fuehren bei den Gesamtemissionen fuer Deutschland in der Referenz 2005 mit TREMOVE im Vergleich zur Referenz mit TREMOD zu circa 13% hoeheren NO{sub x}-Emissionen und 2% niedrigeren PM10-Emissionen. Fuer die Referenz 2020 berechnen sich auf Basis von TREMOVE in Deutschland circa 23% hoehere NO{sub x}-Emissionen und 4% niedrigere PM10-Emissionen.

Symposium on hydrogen technology and fuel cells - opportunities for the economy; Symposium Wassertechnologie und Brennstoffzellen - Chancen fuer die Wirtschaft

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2002-07-01

This volume contains 17 contributions on fuel cell technology and on the infrastructure required for hydrogen production and supply, in the form of abstracts and short reports. [German] Dieser Band enthaelt 17 Beitraege zum Themenkreis Brennstoffzellentechnologie und die dazu erforderliche Infrastruktur fuer die Wasserstofferzeugung und -versorgung in Form von Kurzfassungen und Vortragsfolien.

Spiral-arm instability: giant clump formation via fragmentation of a galactic spiral arm

Science.gov (United States)

Inoue, Shigeki; Yoshida, Naoki

2018-03-01

Fragmentation of a spiral arm is thought to drive the formation of giant clumps in galaxies. Using linear perturbation analysis for self-gravitating spiral arms, we derive an instability parameter and define the conditions for clump formation. We extend our analysis to multicomponent systems that consist of gas and stars in an external potential. We then perform numerical simulations of isolated disc galaxies with isothermal gas, and compare the results with the prediction of our analytic model. Our model describes accurately the evolution of the spiral arms in our simulations, even when spiral arms dynamically interact with one another. We show that most of the giant clumps formed in the simulated disc galaxies satisfy the instability condition. The clump masses predicted by our model are in agreement with the simulation results, but the growth time-scale of unstable perturbations is overestimated by a factor of a few. We also apply our instability analysis to derive scaling relations of clump properties. The expected scaling relation between the clump size, velocity dispersion, and circular velocity is slightly different from that given by the Toomre instability analyses, but neither is inconsistent with currently available observations. We argue that the spiral-arm instability is a viable formation mechanism of giant clumps in gas-rich disc galaxies.

Concept for inland wind power plants and wind parks - an example from North-Rhine Westphalia; Rahmenkonzept fuer Windkraftanlagen und -parks im Binnenland - ein Beipiel aus Nordrhein-Westfalen

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kleinschmidt, V. [UVP-Forschungsstelle, Fachgebiet Landschaftsoekologie und Landschaftsplanung, Fachbereich Raumplanung, Dortmund Univ. (Germany); Schauerte-Lueke, N. [UVP-Forschungsstelle, Fachgebiet Landschaftsoekologie und Landschaftsplanung, Fachbereich Raumplanung, Dortmund Univ. (Germany); Bergmann, R. [PRO TERRA TEAM Dienstleistungs- und Forschungsgesellschaft fuer Umwelttechnologien GmbH und Co. KG, Dortmund (Germany)

1994-12-31

Because of the increasing number of wind energy plants, environmental protection gets into a conflict of aims. On the one hand the change of the `Stromeinspeisungsgesetz` (law arranging the insertion of privately produced electricity into the public system) and the improved support for wind energy plants is to appreciate for the reasons of a reduction of CO{sub 2} and other harmful substances. But on the other hand wind energy plants have negative environmental effects onto the sites they are built on, as for example disturbances of the birds their breeding nest and feeding habitat, injury or death following collision with a blade or tower or simply disturbances of the landscape view. To avoid possible conflicts and increase the acceptance of wind energy plants, for the district of Soest a concept on a strategic level was developed, in which sites were determined as optimal, restrictional or excluding the construction of wind energy plants. This concept may not only help to avoid conflicts but may also play an active part in the promotion of wind energy plants by defining the sites suitable for wind energy plants and making them public. All in all the procedure of approval was simplified and therefore accelerated with the invention of this concept. (orig.) [Deutsch] Durch die zunehmende Anzahl von Windkraftanlagen geraet der Umweltschutz in einen Zielkonflikt. Einerseits ist die Aenderung des Stromeinspeisungsgesetzes und die verbesserte Foerderung fuer Windkraftanlagen aus Gruenden der CO{sub 2} und Schadstoffemissionseinsparungen sehr zu begruessen. Andererseits haben die Windkraftanlagen direkt an den Aufstellungsorten negative Auswirkungen auf die Umwelt, wie zum Beispiel Stoerung der Voegel in Nahrungs- und Bruthabitaten, Vogelschlag oder Beeintraechtigung des Landschaftsbildes. Um moegliche Konflikte weitgehend zu vermeiden und die Akzeptanz fuer Windkraftanlagen zu erhoehen, wurde fuer den Kreis Soest ein Rahmenkonzept erarbeitet, in dem Gunst-, Restriktions

Poly(glycolide multi-arm star polymers: Improved solubility via limited arm length

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Florian K. Wolf

2010-06-01

Full Text Available Due to the low solubility of poly(glycolic acid (PGA, its use is generally limited to the synthesis of random copolyesters with other hydroxy acids, such as lactic acid, or to applications that permit direct processing from the polymer melt. Insolubility is generally observed for PGA when the degree of polymerization exceeds 20. Here we present a strategy that allows the preparation of PGA-based multi-arm structures which significantly exceed the molecular weight of processable oligomeric linear PGA (<1000 g/mol. This was achieved by the use of a multifunctional hyperbranched polyglycerol (PG macroinitiator and the tin(II-2-ethylhexanoate catalyzed ring-opening polymerization of glycolide in the melt. With this strategy it is possible to combine high molecular weight with good molecular weight control (up to 16,000 g/mol, PDI = 1.4–1.7, resulting in PGA multi-arm star block copolymers containing more than 90 wt % GA. The successful linkage of PGA arms and PG core via this core first/grafting from strategy was confirmed by detailed NMR and SEC characterization. Various PG/glycolide ratios were employed to vary the length of the PGA arms. Besides fluorinated solvents, the materials were soluble in DMF and DMSO up to an average arm length of 12 glycolic acid units. Reduction in the Tg and the melting temperature compared to the homopolymer PGA should lead to simplified processing conditions. The findings contribute to broadening the range of biomedical applications of PGA.

46 CFR 98.30-7 - Smoking.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Smoking. 98.30-7 Section 98.30-7 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) CARGO AND MISCELLANEOUS VESSELS SPECIAL CONSTRUCTION, ARRANGEMENT, AND OTHER PROVISIONS FOR CERTAIN DANGEROUS CARGOES IN BULK Portable Tanks § 98.30-7 Smoking. No person may smoke within 50 feet of a...

Development and testing in practice of a multidimensional evaluation and decision support system for integrated river basin management in the context of ecology, technical systems and social-economy along with an example of the Lippe river basin. Final report; Entwicklung und Praxiserprobung eines mehrdimensionalen Bewertungs- und Entscheidungsunterstuetzungs-Systems fuer integriertes Flusseinzugsgebietsmanagement im Spannungsfeld von Oekologie, Technik und Sozio-Oekonomie am Beispiel der Lippe. Schlussbericht

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Schultz, G.A.; Finke, L.; Rudolph, K.U.; Petruck, A.

2001-04-09

The research project serves the only purpose of preparation of a detailed research proposal for the topic 'River Basin Management' in the research focus (BMBF) 'Research for the Environment'. The report contain those contents of the research proposal which are of basic interest and general validity. Furthermore the various aspects of its production are presented. The topics and problems dealt with in the research proposal are as follows: The Europen Union requires that water management in future should be handled in the sense of integrated river basin management. Thus one of the main objectives of the intended research project is the development of methods and instruments suitable for integrated river basin management, which presently hardly exist. This requires on the one hand development of theories, on the other hand their validation along with a real river system. For this purpose the basin of the Lippe river was chosen. River basin management requires the introduction of several measures suitable to change the present conditions of water quality in rivers and groundwater towards the conditions which are required by the framework directive. This, in turn, requires a multidimensional evaluation of those measures as far as ecology, technical efficiency and social economy are concerned. The decision support system to be developed shall aggregate those evaluated measures into few parameters relevant for decision making. This way it will be feasible for the decision makers to decide between prepared alternatives in a transparent way. It is expected that the project will lead to economically improved solutions and form the basis for future research. (orig.) [German] Das Forschungsvorhaben diente ausschliesslich der Vorbereitung eines detaillierten Forschungsantrags zum Thema 'Flusseinzugsgebietsmanagement' im Foerderprogramm 'Forschung fuer die Umwelt'. Der Bericht enthaelt die wesentlichen grundsaetzlich interessanten und

49 CFR 98.2 - Definitions.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-10-01

... Administration. (5) The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. (6) The Urban Mass Transportation... 49 Transportation 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Definitions. 98.2 Section 98.2 Transportation Office of the Secretary of Transportation ENFORCEMENT OF RESTRICTIONS ON POST-EMPLOYMENT ACTIVITIES...

Critical review of the >>Stellungnahme zur 'deutschen Risikostudie' der Gesellschaft fuer Reaktorsicherheit (GRS)<< by the Bremer Arbeits- und Umweltschutz-Zentrum

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Danzmann, H.J.

1981-08-01

In August 1979, the German Risk Study was presented to the public by the Federal Minister of Research and Technology. The main contractor to prepare the German Risk Study is the Gesellschaft fuer Reaktorsicherheit (GRS). The objective of the Study is to investigate the collective risk involved in accidents at nuclear power plants. The essential results and statements of the Study are comprised in a Summary submitted to the public in August 1979, too. In September 1979, the 'Bremer Arbeits- und Umweltschutz-Zentrum' ('BAUZ') published a 'Stellungnahme zur 'deutschen Risikostudie' der Gesellschaft fuer Reaktorsicherheit (GRS)' (Review of the German Risk Study of the Gesellschaft fuer Reaktorsicherheit), dealing only with the summary of this study, however. The BAUZ review is extremely critical of the German Risk Study and ends in condemning the peaceful utilization of nuclear energy as well as the competent authorities. The GRS review critique in hand scrutinizes the BAUZ paper according to the run of the text. Deliberately, one has renounced a comment in such cases where the reproaches slip in the political or ideological field. The object of the BAUZ review as well as of the GRS critique is the matter to be investigated, aim and methods of the investigations and the results of the German Risk Study. The revision of the review acknowledges that in some cases the tendency of criticism is justified. Often, however, the critique is only a sharpened repetition of what the GRS itself has identified as restrictions of accuracy and inherent significance of the results. In most items, however, the critique is rejected as to be wrong or not proof. (orig./HP) [de

Ageing management of mechanical components; Alterungsmanagement fuer mechanische Komponenten

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hienstorfer, W. [TUeV Energie- und Systemtechnik GmbH, Filderstadt (Germany); Herter, K.H.; Schuler, X. [Materialpruefungsanstalt, Univ. Stuttgart, Stuttgart (Germany)

2004-07-01

Lifetime management, ageing management and integrity testing are part of technical rules and specifications. The contribution focuses on ageing management, for which different technical measures are required depending on the safety relevance of the components and systems involved. The procedure for ensuring adherence to the specified quality is outlined, and the required technical and organisational measures are explained. (orig.) [German] In Leitlinien und Regelwerken sind fuer mechanische Komponenten Anforderungen zur Absicherung des Betriebs waehrend der gesamten Lebensdauer (Lebensdauermanagement), zur Absicherung von Alterungsphaenomenen (Alterungsmanagement) als auch zum Nachweis der Integritaet (Integritaetsnachweis, z.B. mit dem Ziel des Bruchausschlusses) enthalten. Ein wesentliches Element stellt dabei das Alterungsmanagement dar. Je nach sicherheitstechnischer Bedeutung der zu betrachtenden Komponenten und Systeme oder auch aus Gruenden der vorbeugenden Instandhaltung sind unterschiedliche technische Massnahmen erforderlich. Die Vorgehensweise zur Absicherung der im Betrieb geforderten Qualitaet wird aufgezeigt und die dabei erforderlichen technischen und organisatorischen Massnahmen werden erlaeutert. (orig.)

Target values for indoor air quality. Judging indoor air quality by means of aggregate volatile organic compounds (TVOC value); Richtwerte fuer die Innenraumluft. Die Beurteilung der Innenraumluftqualitaet mit Hilfe der Summe der fluechtigen organischen Verbindungen (TVOC-Wert)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Seifert, B. [Umweltbundesamt Berlin (Germany). Inst. fuer Wasser-, Boden- und Lufthygiene

1999-03-01

The article discusses the existing bases for the derivation and use of assessment criteria for TVOC concentrations. For enhanced understanding, some aspects of VOC analytics are dealt with beforehand. (orig./MG) [Deutsch] Im vorliegenden Artikel werden die vorhandenen Grundlagen fuer die Ableitung und Verwendung von Bewertungskriterien fuer TVOC-Konzentrationen diskutiert. Zum besseren Verstaendnis werden einleitend einige Aspekte der VOC-Analytik eroertert. (orig/MG)

49 CFR 98.1 - Purpose.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-10-01

... 49 Transportation 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Purpose. 98.1 Section 98.1 Transportation Office of the Secretary of Transportation ENFORCEMENT OF RESTRICTIONS ON POST-EMPLOYMENT ACTIVITIES... administrative enforcement procedures that the Department of Transportation will follow when there is an...

Optimised fuel cell operation management. Final report; Optimiertes Betriebsmanagement von Brennstoffzellen. Schlussbericht

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2003-11-05

Investigations were carried out on two fuel cell systems of the type ONSI PC 25C (large fuel cells) and three fuel cell heaters of the type HXS 1000 PREMIERE by Sulzer HEXIS (small fuel cells) for long periods of time and in different modes of operation. Information was obtained on efficiencies and performance, pollutant emissions, degradation and availability. The status of the project is reported and compared with the goals stated initially. (orig.) [German] Das Hauptziel des Projektes bestand darin, Kriterien fuer den optimalen Betrieb (hohe Verfuegbarkeit, geringe Anzahl von Abschaltungen, hohe Energienutzung etc.) von Brennstoffzellen im Zusammenspiel mit den peripheren Komponenten der Gebaeudetechnik zu ermitteln. Hierzu wurden Untersuchungen an zwei Brennstoffzellen-Anlagen vom Typ ONSI PC 25C (grosse BZ) und an drei Brennstoffzellen-Heizgeraeten HXS 1000 PREMIERE von Sulzer HEXIS (kleine BZ) ueber laengere Zeitraeume und bei weitestgehend unterschiedlichen Betriebsweisen durchgefuehrt. In Auswertung dieser Messkomplexe wurden Aussagen zum Betriebsverhalten der Brennstoffzellen, wie z.B. zu Wirk- und Nutzungsgraden, Schadstoffemissionen, Verlauf der Degradation sowie zur Verfuegbarkeit getroffen. Im vorliegenden Bericht wird der erreichte Sachstand detailliert dargestellt und mit den Zielsetzungen des FuE-Antrages verglichen. (orig.)

Arm Volumetry Versus Upper Extremity Lymphedema Index: Validity of Upper Extremity Lymphedema Index for Body-Type Corrected Arm Volume Evaluation.

Science.gov (United States)

Yamamoto, Nana; Yamamoto, Takumi; Hayashi, Nobuko; Hayashi, Akitatsu; Iida, Takuya; Koshima, Isao

2016-06-01

Volumetry, measurement of extremity volume, is a commonly used method for upper extremity lymphedema (UEL) evaluation. However, comparison between different patients with different physiques is difficult with volumetry, because body-type difference greatly affects arm volume. Seventy arms of 35 participants who had no history of arm edema or breast cancer were evaluated. Arm volume was calculated using a summed truncated cone model, and UEL index was calculated using circumferences and body mass index (BMI). Examinees' BMI was classified into 3 groups, namely, low BMI (BMI, 25 kg/m). Arm volume and UEL index were compared with corresponding BMI groups. Mean (SD) arm volume was 1090.9 (205.5) mL, and UEL index 96.9 (5.6). There were significant differences in arm volume between BMI groups [low BMI vs middle BMI vs high BMI, 945.2 (107.4) vs 1045.2 (87.5) vs 1443.1 (244.4) mL, P 0.5]. Arm volume significantly increased with increase of BMI, whereas UEL index stayed constant regardless of BMI. Upper extremity lymphedema index would allow better body-type corrected arm volume evaluation compared with arm volumetry.

Textbook with exercises on automation and process control. An introduction for engineers, industrial engineers and experts in business economics; Lehr- und Uebungsbuch Automatisierungs- und Prozessleittechnik. Eine Einfuehrung fuer Ingenieure, Wirtschaftsingenieure und Betriebswirtschaftler

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bergmann, J. [Hochschule fuer Technik, Wirtschaft und Sozialwesen Zittau/Goerlitz (FH), Zittau (Germany)

1999-07-01

This textbook addresses students at university level. It contains many examples and exercises and presents a detailed explanation of modelling in automation engineering, including equations and algorithms. Important problems of automation and their solutions are illustrated by an exemplary process control problem that recurs in the book and can be recalculated on the reader's PC. A CD-ROM is enclosed with a process automation system that can be analyzed and tested in several variants. [German] Dieses Lehr- und Uebungsbuch zur Automatisierungs- und Prozessleittechnik - eignet sich fuer die Ausbildung an Technischen Hochschulen, Fachhochschulen und Berufsakademien - ist fuer Studenten mit Automatisierungs- und Prozessleittechnik im Nebenfach konzipiert - enthaelt eine fuer das Grundverstaendnis notwendige, mit vielen Beispielen und Uebungen ergaenzte Lehrstoffauswahl - erlaeutert sehr verstaendlich die spezielle Modellwelt der Automatisierungstechnik mit ihren Beschreibungsformen und Loesungsalgorithmen - behandelt wesentliche Problemstellungen der Automatisierung und deren Loesungen anhand einer durchgaengigen, am Rechner nachvollziehbaren Prozessleitaufgabe. Das auf der beigefuegten CD-ROM visualisierte Prozessautomatisierungssystem kann in Variationen analysiert und getestet werden. (orig.)

Fundamentals of heuristic approach to the selection of adsorption liquids for hydrocarbons; Grundlagen einer Heuristik zur Auswahl von Absorptionsfluessigkeiten fuer Kohlenwasserstoffe

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Weisweiler, W. [Karlsruhe Univ. (T.H.) (Germany). Inst. fuer Chemische Technik; Winterbauer, H. [Karlsruhe Univ. (T.H.) (Germany). Inst. fuer Chemische Technik

1995-11-01

The present paper describes a possible way of finding the most appropriate absorbent for a given air pollutant or air pollutant mixture. (orig./SR) [Deutsch] Die vorliegende Arbeit beschreibt eine Moeglichkeit mit der fuer verschiedene organische Luftschadstoffe und Schadstoffgemische die geeignetsten Absorptionsmittel gefunden werden koennen. (orig./SR)

Modernization of African Armed Forces

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Mandrup, Thomas

2015-01-01

Concept paper framing the debate at the Dakar Forum Workshop on Modernization of Armed forces in Africa.......Concept paper framing the debate at the Dakar Forum Workshop on Modernization of Armed forces in Africa....

The driver in the 21st century. Demands, applications, aspects of man-machine systems. Lectures; Der Fahrer im 21. Jahrhundert. Anforderungen, Anwendungen, Aspekte fuer Mensch-Maschine-Systeme. Plenarvortraege

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2003-07-01

A high grade of mobility is the basis of our economic development. The innovations in the automotive- and deliver industry lead to different fulfillments of customer expectations on vehicle operation. Also in the railway sector increasing requirements on the operators involve a change of view within design of man-machine interfaces. The transmission of information and transfer of reactions require advanced and balanced concepts for operating and monitoring of modern automobiles. The integral connection of competence in technology, design and ergonomics, sense- and traffic psychology as well as legal problems lead to new challenges and possibilities. (GL) [German] Der Fahrer im 21. Jahrhundert - Anforderungen, Anwendungen, Aspekte fuer Mensch-Maschine-Systeme - unter diesem Motto wird die interessante Fachtagung ''Der Fahrer im 21. Jahrhundert'' fortgefuehrt. Ein hohes Mass an Mobilitaet ist Grundlage unserer wirtschaftlichen Entwicklung. Die Innovationen in der Automobil- und Zuliefererindustrie fuehren zu einer differenzierten Erfuellung der Kundenerwartungen an die Bedienung der Fahrzeuge. Auch im Bereich Bahn bedingen die steigenden Anforderungen an die Fahrzeugfuehrer ein Umdenken bei der Gestaltung der Mensch-Maschine-Schnittstelle. Die Vermittlung von Informationen und die Umsetzung adaequater Reaktionen erfordern neue und ausgewogene Konzepte fuer das Bedienen und Beobachten moderner Fahrzeuge. Die integrale Verbindung von Kompetenz in Technologie, Design und Ergonomie, Wahrnehmungs- und Verkehrspsychologie sowie rechtlichen Fragestellungen fuehren hier zu neuen Herausforderungen und Moeglichkeiten. Die Tagung moechte wieder visionaere Loesungsansaetze aufzeigen und auch das Machbare diskutieren. Nutzen Sie die Gelegenheit, mit namhaften Referenten aus Industrie und Wissenschaft, Fach- und Fuehrungskraeften zu sprechen und auf dieser Veranstaltung neue Bedien- und Informationskonzepte, Teilloesungen fuer die unterschiedlichen Fahraufgaben

21 CFR 890.3640 - Arm sling.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-04-01

... arm sling is a device intended for medical purposes to immobilize the arm, by means of a fabric band... 21 Food and Drugs 8 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Arm sling. 890.3640 Section 890.3640 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (CONTINUED) MEDICAL DEVICES...

Blood pressure measurement: one arm or both arm?

Science.gov (United States)

Kulkarni, Prasad K; Shekhar, Susheela; Reddy, B N; Nirmala, B C

2011-09-01

Guidelines for measuring blood pressure includes measurement of blood pressure on both arms but it is often ignored. Our case report aims at highlighting the need follow the guidelines. A 60 year old 59 kg weighing male asymptomatic patient without any comobidities was posted for bilateral inguinal hernia repair. The interarm blood pressure difference was discovered incidentally during his preanaesthetic evalution. On further evaluation patient was found to be having subclavian stenosis on left side which was asymptomatic. Intraoperative and post operative period was uneventful. Blood pressure measurement should be done in accordance with the stipulated guidelines. Inter arm blood pressure difference should be noted in all patients as not only for diagnosis and treatment of hypertension but also as a tool to diagnose asymptomatic peripheral vascular disesase.

ARM assembly language with hardware experiments

CERN Document Server

Elahi, Ata

2015-01-01

This book provides a hands-on approach to learning ARM assembly language with the use of a TI microcontroller. The book starts with an introduction to computer architecture and then discusses number systems and digital logic. The text covers ARM Assembly Language, ARM Cortex Architecture and its components, and Hardware Experiments using TILM3S1968. Written for those interested in learning embedded programming using an ARM Microcontroller. ·         Introduces number systems and signal transmission methods   ·         Reviews logic gates, registers, multiplexers, decoders and memory   ·         Provides an overview and examples of ARM instruction set   ·         Uses using Keil development tools for writing and debugging ARM assembly language Programs   ·         Hardware experiments using a Mbed NXP LPC1768 microcontroller; including General Purpose Input/Output (GPIO) configuration, real time clock configuration, binary input to 7-segment display, creating ...

PHENIX Muon Arms

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Akikawa, H.; Al-Jamel, A.; Archuleta, J.B.; Archuleta, J.R.; Armendariz, R.; Armijo, V.; Awes, T.C.; Baldisseri, A.; Barker, A.B.; Barnes, P.D.; Bassalleck, B.; Batsouli, S.; Behrendt, J.; Bellaiche, F.G.; Bland, A.W.; Bobrek, M.; Boissevain, J.G.; Borel, H.; Brooks, M.L.; Brown, A.W.; Brown, D.S.; Bruner, N.; Cafferty, M.M.; Carey, T.A.; Chai, J.-S.; Chavez, L.L.; Chollet, S.; Choudhury, R.K.; Chung, M.S.; Cianciolo, V.; Clark, D.J.; Cobigo, Y.; Dabrowski, C.M.; Debraine, A.; DeMoss, J.; Dinesh, B.V.; Drachenberg, J.L.; Drapier, O.; Echave, M.A.; Efremenko, Y.V.; En'yo, H.; Fields, D.E.; Fleuret, F.; Fried, J.; Fujisawa, E.; Funahashi, H.; Gadrat, S.; Gastaldi, F.; Gee, T.F.; Glenn, A.; Gogiberidze, G.; Gonin, M.; Gosset, J.; Goto, Y.; Granier de Cassagnac, R.; Hance, R.H.; Hart, G.W.; Hayashi, N.; Held, S.; Hicks, J.S.; Hill, J.C.; Hoade, R.; Hong, B.; Hoover, A.; Horaguchi, T.; Hunter, C.T.; Hurst, D.E.; Ichihara, T.; Imai, K.; Isenhower, L.D.L. Davis; Isenhower, L.D.L. Donald; Ishihara, M.; Jang, W.Y.; Johnson, J.; Jouan, D.; Kamihara, N.; Kamyshkov, Y.; Kang, J.H.; Kapoor, S.S.; Kim, D.J.; Kim, D.-W.; Kim, G.-B.; Kinnison, W.W.; Klinksiek, S.; Kluberg, L.; Kobayashi, H.; Koehler, D.; Kotchenda, L.; Kuberg, C.H.; Kurita, K.; Kweon, M.J.; Kwon, Y.; Kyle, G.S.; LaBounty, J.J.; Lajoie, J.G.; Lee, D.M.; Lee, S.; Leitch, M.J.; Li, Z.; Liu, M.X.; Liu, X.; Liu, Y.; Lockner, E.; Lopez, J.D.; Mao, Y.; Martinez, X.B.; McCain, M.C.; McGaughey, P.L.; Mioduszewski, S.; Mischke, R.E.; Mohanty, A.K.; Montoya, B.C.; Moss, J.M.; Murata, J.; Murray, M.M.; Nagle, J.L.; Nakada, Y.; Newby, J.; Obenshain, F.; Palounek, A.P.T.; Papavassiliou, V.; Pate, S.F.; Plasil, F.; Pope, K.; Qualls, J.M.; Rao, G.; Read, K.F.; Robinson, S.H.; Roche, G.; Romana, A.; Rosnet, P.; Roth, R.; Saito, N.; Sakuma, T.; Sandhoff, W.F.; Sanfratello, L.; Sato, H.D.; Savino, R.; Sekimoto, M.; Shaw, M.R.; Shibata, T.-A.; Sim, K.S.; Skank, H.D.; Smith, D.E.; Smith, G.D.; Sondheim, W.E.; Sorensen, S.; Staley, F.; Stankus, P.W.; Steffens, S.; Stein, E.M.; Stepanov, M.; Stokes, W.; Sugioka, M.; Sun, Z.; Taketani, A.; Taniguchi, E.; Tepe, J.D.; Thornton, G.W.; Tian, W.; Tojo, J.; Torii, H.; Towell, R.S.; Tradeski, J.; Vassent, M.; Velissaris, C.; Villatte, L.; Wan, Y.; Watanabe, Y.; Watkins, L.C.; Whitus, B.R.; Williams, C.; Willis, P.S.; Wong-Swanson, B.G.; Yang, Y.; Yoneyama, S.; Young, G.R.; Zhou, S.

2003-01-01

The PHENIX Muon Arms detect muons at rapidities of |y|=(1.2-2.4) with full azimuthal acceptance. Each muon arm must track and identify muons and provide good rejection of pions and kaons (∼10 -3 ). In order to accomplish this we employ a radial field magnetic spectrometer with precision tracking (Muon Tracker) followed by a stack of absorber/low resolution tracking layers (Muon Identifier). The design, construction, testing and expected run parameters of both the muon tracker and the muon identifier are described

PHENIX Muon Arms

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Akikawa, H.; Al-Jamel, A.; Archuleta, J.B.; Archuleta, J.R.; Armendariz, R.; Armijo, V.; Awes, T.C.; Baldisseri, A.; Barker, A.B.; Barnes, P.D.; Bassalleck, B.; Batsouli, S.; Behrendt, J.; Bellaiche, F.G.; Bland, A.W.; Bobrek, M.; Boissevain, J.G.; Borel, H.; Brooks, M.L.; Brown, A.W.; Brown, D.S.; Bruner, N.; Cafferty, M.M.; Carey, T.A.; Chai, J.-S.; Chavez, L.L.; Chollet, S.; Choudhury, R.K.; Chung, M.S.; Cianciolo, V.; Clark, D.J.; Cobigo, Y.; Dabrowski, C.M.; Debraine, A.; DeMoss, J.; Dinesh, B.V.; Drachenberg, J.L.; Drapier, O.; Echave, M.A.; Efremenko, Y.V.; En' yo, H.; Fields, D.E.; Fleuret, F.; Fried, J.; Fujisawa, E.; Funahashi, H.; Gadrat, S.; Gastaldi, F.; Gee, T.F.; Glenn, A.; Gogiberidze, G.; Gonin, M.; Gosset, J.; Goto, Y.; Granier de Cassagnac, R.; Hance, R.H.; Hart, G.W.; Hayashi, N.; Held, S.; Hicks, J.S.; Hill, J.C.; Hoade, R.; Hong, B.; Hoover, A.; Horaguchi, T.; Hunter, C.T.; Hurst, D.E.; Ichihara, T.; Imai, K.; Isenhower, L.D.L. Davis; Isenhower, L.D.L. Donald; Ishihara, M.; Jang, W.Y.; Johnson, J.; Jouan, D.; Kamihara, N.; Kamyshkov, Y.; Kang, J.H.; Kapoor, S.S.; Kim, D.J.; Kim, D.-W.; Kim, G.-B.; Kinnison, W.W.; Klinksiek, S.; Kluberg, L.; Kobayashi, H.; Koehler, D.; Kotchenda, L.; Kuberg, C.H.; Kurita, K.; Kweon, M.J.; Kwon, Y.; Kyle, G.S.; LaBounty, J.J.; Lajoie, J.G.; Lee, D.M.; Lee, S.; Leitch, M.J.; Li, Z.; Liu, M.X.; Liu, X.; Liu, Y.; Lockner, E.; Lopez, J.D.; Mao, Y.; Martinez, X.B.; McCain, M.C.; McGaughey, P.L.; Mioduszewski, S.; Mischke, R.E.; Mohanty, A.K.; Montoya, B.C.; Moss, J.M.; Murata, J.; Murray, M.M.; Nagle, J.L.; Nakada, Y.; Newby, J.; Obenshain, F.; Palounek, A.P.T.; Papavassiliou, V.; Pate, S.F.; Plasil, F.; Pope, K.; Qualls, J.M.; Rao, G.; Read, K.F. E-mail: readkf@ornl.gov; Robinson, S.H.; Roche, G.; Romana, A.; Rosnet, P.; Roth, R.; Saito, N.; Sakuma, T.; Sandhoff, W.F.; Sanfratello, L.; Sato, H.D.; Savino, R.; Sekimoto, M.; Shaw, M.R.; Shibata, T.-A.; Sim, K.S.; Skank, H.D.; Smith, D.E.; Smith, G.D. [and others

2003-03-01

The PHENIX Muon Arms detect muons at rapidities of |y|=(1.2-2.4) with full azimuthal acceptance. Each muon arm must track and identify muons and provide good rejection of pions and kaons ({approx}10{sup -3}). In order to accomplish this we employ a radial field magnetic spectrometer with precision tracking (Muon Tracker) followed by a stack of absorber/low resolution tracking layers (Muon Identifier). The design, construction, testing and expected run parameters of both the muon tracker and the muon identifier are described.

Kootenay Lake Fertilization Experiment, Year 15 (North Arm) and Year 3 (South Arm) (2006) Report

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Schindler, E.U.; Sebastian, D.; Andrusak, G.F. [Fish and Wildlife Science and Allocation, Ministry of Environment, Province of British Columbia

2009-07-01

This report summarizes results from the fifteenth year (2006) of nutrient additions to the North Arm of Kootenay Lake and three years of nutrient additions to the South Arm. Experimental fertilization of the lake has been conducted using an adaptive management approach in an effort to restore lake productivity lost as a result of nutrient uptake in upstream reservoirs. The primary objective of the experiment is to restore kokanee (Oncorhynchus nerka) populations, which are the main food source for Gerrard rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus). The quantity of agricultural grade liquid fertilizer (10-34-0, ammonium polyphosphate and 28-0-0, urea ammonium nitrate) added to the North Arm in 2006 was 44.7 tonnes of P and 248.4 tonnes of N. The total fertilizer load added to the South Arm was 257 tonnes of nitrogen; no P was added. Kootenay Lake has an area of 395 km{sup 2}, a maximum depth of 150 m, a mean depth of 94 m, and a water renewal time of approximately two years. Kootenay Lake is a monomictic lake, generally mixing from late fall to early spring and stratifying during the summer. Surface water temperatures generally exceed 20 C for only a few weeks in July. Results of oxygen profiles were similar to previous years with the lake being well oxygenated from the surface to the bottom depths at all stations. Similar to past years, Secchi disc measurements at all stations in 2006 indicate a typical seasonal pattern of decreasing depths associated with the spring phytoplankton bloom, followed by increasing depths as the bloom gradually decreases by the late summer and fall. Total phosphorus (TP) ranged from 2-7 {micro}g/L and tended to decrease as summer advanced. Over the sampling season dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) concentrations decreased, with the decline corresponding to nitrate (the dominant component of DIN) being utilized by phytoplankton during summer stratification. Owing to the importance of epilimnetic nitrate

Association between intramuscular fat in the arm following arm training and INSIG2

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Popadic Gacesa, J Z; Secher, N H; Momcilovic, M

2014-01-01

) ; mean ± standard deviation) carried out a 12-week two-arm elbow extensor training (10 maximal extensions with 1 min recovery between bouts) five times per day, five times per week. For 17 volunteers, upper arm muscle and adipose tissue [subcutaneous (SCAT) and intramuscular (IMAT)] volumes were.......0 ± 0.9%; GC/CC: %IMAT 0.6 ± 0.5% (P > 0.05). However, in the year following the training, accumulation of upper arm IMAT was twice as large in participants homozygous for the G allele (GG: Δ%IMAT +2.5 ± 0.8%; GC/CC: Δ%IMAT +1.1 ± 0.7%; P 

Design of a biomimetic robotic octopus arm.

Science.gov (United States)

Laschi, C; Mazzolai, B; Mattoli, V; Cianchetti, M; Dario, P

2009-03-01

This paper reports the rationale and design of a robotic arm, as inspired by an octopus arm. The octopus arm shows peculiar features, such as the ability to bend in all directions, to produce fast elongations, and to vary its stiffness. The octopus achieves these unique motor skills, thanks to its peculiar muscular structure, named muscular hydrostat. Different muscles arranged on orthogonal planes generate an antagonistic action on each other in the muscular hydrostat, which does not change its volume during muscle contractions, and allow bending and elongation of the arm and stiffness variation. By drawing inspiration from natural skills of octopus, and by analysing the geometry and mechanics of the muscular structure of its arm, we propose the design of a robot arm consisting of an artificial muscular hydrostat structure, which is completely soft and compliant, but also able to stiffen. In this paper, we discuss the design criteria of the robotic arm and how this design and the special arrangement of its muscular structure may bring the building of a robotic arm into being, by showing the results obtained by mathematical models and prototypical mock-ups.

Design of a biomimetic robotic octopus arm

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Laschi, C; Cianchetti, M [Advanced Robotics Technology and Systems Laboratory, Scuola Superiore Sant' Anna, Pisa (Italy); Mazzolai, B; Dario, P [Italian Institute of Technology, Genova (Italy); Mattoli, V [Centre of Research in Microengineering Laboratory, Scuola Superiore Sant' Anna, Pisa (Italy)], E-mail: cecilia.laschi@sssup.it

2009-03-01

This paper reports the rationale and design of a robotic arm, as inspired by an octopus arm. The octopus arm shows peculiar features, such as the ability to bend in all directions, to produce fast elongations, and to vary its stiffness. The octopus achieves these unique motor skills, thanks to its peculiar muscular structure, named muscular hydrostat. Different muscles arranged on orthogonal planes generate an antagonistic action on each other in the muscular hydrostat, which does not change its volume during muscle contractions, and allow bending and elongation of the arm and stiffness variation. By drawing inspiration from natural skills of octopus, and by analysing the geometry and mechanics of the muscular structure of its arm, we propose the design of a robot arm consisting of an artificial muscular hydrostat structure, which is completely soft and compliant, but also able to stiffen. In this paper, we discuss the design criteria of the robotic arm and how this design and the special arrangement of its muscular structure may bring the building of a robotic arm into being, by showing the results obtained by mathematical models and prototypical mock-ups.

Design of a biomimetic robotic octopus arm

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Laschi, C; Cianchetti, M; Mazzolai, B; Dario, P; Mattoli, V

2009-01-01

This paper reports the rationale and design of a robotic arm, as inspired by an octopus arm. The octopus arm shows peculiar features, such as the ability to bend in all directions, to produce fast elongations, and to vary its stiffness. The octopus achieves these unique motor skills, thanks to its peculiar muscular structure, named muscular hydrostat. Different muscles arranged on orthogonal planes generate an antagonistic action on each other in the muscular hydrostat, which does not change its volume during muscle contractions, and allow bending and elongation of the arm and stiffness variation. By drawing inspiration from natural skills of octopus, and by analysing the geometry and mechanics of the muscular structure of its arm, we propose the design of a robot arm consisting of an artificial muscular hydrostat structure, which is completely soft and compliant, but also able to stiffen. In this paper, we discuss the design criteria of the robotic arm and how this design and the special arrangement of its muscular structure may bring the building of a robotic arm into being, by showing the results obtained by mathematical models and prototypical mock-ups

Arm-in-Arm Response Regulator Dimers Promote Intermolecular Signal Transduction

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Baker, Anna W.; Satyshur, Kenneth A.; Morales, Neydis Moreno; Forest, Katrina T. (UW)

2016-02-01

Bacteriophytochrome photoreceptors (BphPs) and their cognate response regulators make up two-component signal transduction systems which direct bacteria to mount phenotypic responses to changes in environmental light quality. Most of these systems utilize single-domain response regulators to transduce signals through unknown pathways and mechanisms. Here we describe the photocycle and autophosphorylation kinetics of RtBphP1, a red light-regulated histidine kinase from the desert bacteriumRamlibacter tataouinensis. RtBphP1 undergoes red to far-red photoconversion with rapid thermal reversion to the dark state. RtBphP1 is autophosphorylated in the dark; this activity is inhibited under red light. The RtBphP1 cognate response regulator, theR. tataouinensisbacteriophytochrome response regulator (RtBRR), and a homolog, AtBRR fromAgrobacterium tumefaciens, crystallize unexpectedly as arm-in-arm dimers, reliant on a conserved hydrophobic motif, hFWAhL (where h is a hydrophobic M, V, L, or I residue). RtBRR and AtBRR dimerize distinctly from four structurally characterized phytochrome response regulators found in photosynthetic organisms and from all other receiver domain homodimers in the Protein Data Bank. A unique cacodylate-zinc-histidine tag metal organic framework yielded single-wavelength anomalous diffraction phases and may be of general interest. Examination of the effect of the BRR stoichiometry on signal transduction showed that phosphorylated RtBRR is accumulated more efficiently than the engineered monomeric RtBRR (RtBRR_mon) in phosphotransfer reactions. Thus, we conclude that arm-in-arm dimers are a relevant signaling intermediate in this class of two-component regulatory systems.

How does a planet excite multiple spiral arms?

Science.gov (United States)

Bae, Jaehan; Zhu, Zhaohuan

2018-01-01

Protoplanetary disk simulations show that a single planet excites multiple spiral arms in the background disk, potentially supported by the multi-armed spirals revealed with recent high-resolution observations in some disks. The existence of multiple spiral arms is of importance in many aspects. It is empirically found that the arm-to-arm separation increases as a function of the planetary mass, so one can use the morphology of observed spiral arms to infer the mass of unseen planets. In addition, a spiral arm opens a radial gap as it steepens into a shock, so when a planet excites multiple spiral arms it can open multiple gaps in the disk. Despite the important implications, however, the formation mechanism of multiple spiral arms has not been fully understood by far.In this talk, we explain how a planet excites multiple spiral arms. The gravitational potential of a planet can be decomposed into a Fourier series, a sum of individual azimuthal modes having different azimuthal wavenumbers. Using a linear wave theory, we first demonstrate that appropriate sets of Fourier decomposed waves can be in phase, raising a possibility that constructive interference among the waves can produce coherent structures - spiral arms. More than one spiral arm can form since such constructive interference can occur at different positions in the disk for different sets of waves. We then verify this hypothesis using a suite of two-dimensional hydrodynamic simulations. Finally, we present non-linear behavior in the formation of multiple spiral arms.

40 CFR 98.413 - Calculating GHG emissions.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 20 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Calculating GHG emissions. 98.413 Section 98.413 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) MANDATORY GREENHOUSE GAS REPORTING Suppliers of Industrial Greenhouse Gases § 98.413 Calculating...

40 CFR 98.416 - Data reporting requirements.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 20 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Data reporting requirements. 98.416 Section 98.416 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) MANDATORY GREENHOUSE GAS REPORTING Suppliers of Industrial Greenhouse Gases § 98.416 Data...

Managing new arms races

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Segal, G.

1992-01-01

The management of new arms races in the region of Asia-Pacific includes considerations of weapons trade and transfer in the region, with an emphasis on nuclear weapons proliferation. It deals with the problem of controlling the arms trade and the efforts to control conventional weapons and underlines the possible role and influence of Conference on Cooperation and Security in Europe (CSCE)

Parameters for viable process combinations; Randbedingungen fuer sinnvolle Verfahrenskombinationen

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lahl, U.; Zeschmar-Lahl, B. [BZL Kommunikation und Projektsteuerung GmbH, Oyten (Germany)

1998-09-01

The following parameters merit examination in determining the viability of process combinations: conceptual and technical soundness, environmental acceptability, energy balance, flexibility, costs, economic risk potential. The present contribution on this subject is not intended to take the place of or cover the scope of single-case studies. In practice, viability studies on process combinations have to deal with concrete plans involving precisely defined material flow balances, emissions, costs etc. The present paper therefore only presents the basic principles of this type of study. [Deutsch] Folgende Randbedingungen fuer sinnvolle Verfahrenskombinationen sind zu untersuchen: - konzeptionelle und technische Stimmigkeit, - Umweltvertraeglichkeit, - energetische Bilanz, - Flexibilitaet, - Kosten, - oekonomisches Risikopotential. Nun kann dieser Beitrag zum Thema keine Einzelfallbetrachtung ersetzen bzw. abdecken. Im Rahmen einer echten Pruefung auf `Sinnhaftigkeit` einer Kombinationsloesung stehen sich ganz konkrete Planungen gegenueber, die wiederum mit definierten Stoffflussbilanzen, Emissionen, Kosten usw. verbunden sind. Im Rahmen dieser Betrachtung koennen nur die Grundzuege einer derartigen Pruefung dargestellt werden. (orig.)

A Comparison of Image Quality and Radiation Exposure Between the Mini C-Arm and the Standard C-Arm.

Science.gov (United States)

van Rappard, Juliaan R M; Hummel, Willy A; de Jong, Tijmen; Mouës, Chantal M

2018-04-01

The use of intraoperative fluoroscopy has become mandatory in osseous hand surgery. Due to its overall practicality, the mini C-arm has gained popularity among hand surgeons over the standard C-arm. This study compares image quality and radiation exposure for patient and staff between the mini C-arm and the standard C-arm, both with flat panel technology. An observer-based subjective image quality study was performed using a contrast detail (CD) phantom. Five independent observers were asked to determine the smallest circles discernable to them. The results were plotted in a graph, forming a CD curve. From each curve, an image quality figure (IQF) was derived. A lower IQF equates to a better image quality. The patients' entrance skin dose was measured, and to obtain more information about the staff exposure dose, a perspex hand phantom was used. The scatter radiation was measured at various distances and angles relative to a central point on the detector. The IQF was significantly lower for the mini C-arm resulting in a better image quality. The patients' entrance dose was 10 times higher for the mini C-arm as compared with the standard C-arm, and the scatter radiation threefold. Due to its improved image quality and overall practicality, the mini C-arm is recommended for hand surgical procedures. To ensure that the surgeons' radiation exposure is not exceeding the safety limits, monitoring radiation exposure using mini C-arms with flat panel technology during surgery should be done in a future clinical study.

Changes in arm-hand function and arm-hand skill performance in patients after stroke during and after rehabilitation.

Science.gov (United States)

Franck, Johan Anton; Smeets, Rob Johannes Elise Marie; Seelen, Henk Alexander Maria

2017-01-01

Arm-hand rehabilitation programs applied in stroke rehabilitation frequently target specific populations and thus are less applicable in heterogeneous patient populations. Besides, changes in arm-hand function (AHF) and arm-hand skill performance (AHSP) during and after a specific and well-described rehabilitation treatment are often not well evaluated. This single-armed prospective cohort study featured three subgroups of stroke patients with either a severely, moderately or mildly impaired AHF. Rehabilitation treatment consisted of a Concise_Arm_and_hand_ Rehabilitation_Approach_in_Stroke (CARAS). Measurements at function and activity level were performed at admission, clinical discharge, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months after clinical discharge. Eighty-nine stroke patients (M/F:63/23; mean age:57.6yr (+/-10.6); post-stroke time:29.8 days (+/-20.1)) participated. All patients improved on AHF and arm-hand capacity during and after rehabilitation, except on grip strength in the severely affected subgroup. Largest gains occurred in patients with a moderately affected AHF. As to self-perceived AHSP, on average, all subgroups improved over time. A small percentage of patients declined regarding self-perceived AHSP post-rehabilitation. A majority of stroke patients across the whole arm-hand impairment severity spectrum significantly improved on AHF, arm-hand capacity and self-perceived AHSP. These were maintained up to one year post-rehabilitation. Results may serve as a control condition in future studies.

PEM fuel cells for mobile applications. Project part: Membrane development. Final report; PEM-Brennstoffzellen fuer mobile Anwendungen. Teilprojekt: Membranentwicklung. Abschlussbericht

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Frank, G

1999-01-20

Polymer-Electrolyte-Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFC) are attractive candidates for next century propulsion systems in passenger cars. The technical feasibility has been demonstrated by several car manufacturers. Today, PEMFC lack economical viability. One of the reasons is the cost of currently used materials, e.g. membranes. This project target towards the development of low cost, non-fluorinated membranes, which fulfil all technical requirements in PEMFC systems. In the frame of this project we were able to successfully develop new membranes based on polyaromatic polymers, which can be produced on a technical scale. These membranes enabled high power densities, exceeding 700 mW/cm{sup 2} at 80 C and their longevity has been demonstrated successfully up to 5,000 hours. Therefore, these membranes have sufficient electrochemical stability for the application in fuel cells. The prices in mass production for these new membranes can get significantly below prices of fluorinated membranes. (orig.) [Deutsch] Polymer-Elektrolyt-Membran-Brennstoffzellen (PEMFC) gelten als aussichtsreiche Kandidaten fuer alternative Fahrzeugantriebe fuer das naechste Jahrzehnt. Die technische Machbarkeit ist bereits mehrfach demonstriert worden. Allerdings sind die Kosten der PEMFC-Systeme noch zu hoch u.a. durch zu hohe Kosten der eingesetzten Materialien, so auch der Membranen. Ziel des Projektes war daher die Entwicklung kostenguenstiger, nichtfluorierter Membranen, die die technischen Anforderungen fuer die Anwendung in der PEM-Brennstoffzelle erfuellen. Im Projekt konnten erfolgreich Membranen auf Basis polyaromatischer Polymere entwickelt werden, die sich auch im technischen Massstab herstellen lassen. Die Membranen ermoeglichen hohe Leistungsdichten groesser 700 mW/cm{sup 2} bei Betriebstemperaturen von 80 C. Die Lebensdauer der Membranen wurde erfolgreich ueber 5.000 Stunden nachgewiesen. Die elektrochemische Stabilitaet der untersuchten Materialien ist damit gegeben. Die Preise dieser

40 CFR 98.406 - Data reporting requirements.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 20 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Data reporting requirements. 98.406 Section 98.406 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) MANDATORY GREENHOUSE GAS REPORTING Suppliers of Natural Gas and Natural Gas Liquids § 98.406 Data...

PEM-fuel cells for mobile application. Sub task: development of electrocatalysts. Final report; PEM-Brennstoffzelle fuer mobile Anwendung. Teilprojekt: Katalysatorenentwicklung. Abschlussbericht

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Starz, K A

1999-01-01

PEM fuel cells are gaining increasing importance for use in automotive application. The goal of the research program reported here was to develop the basic technology and components for PEMFC stacks for use in transport applications. The sub-task of Degussa was to develop improved electrocatalysts for PEMFC single cells and stacks. The technical objectives of the research project were met. Electrocatalysts, characterized by a high Pt-dispersion, high surface area and excellent activity, were developed. With this material, considerable progress was made to reduce the total platinum loading of PEMFC cells and stacks to about 0,5 mgPt/cm{sup 2}. With this value, the goal of the program (<0,8 mg/cm{sup 2}) was significantly surpassed. Additionally, higher power densities of >0.4 W/cm{sup 2} were achieved at Degussa for hydrogen/air and reformate/air operation of the PEMFC. A CO-tolerant anode electrocatalyst, exhibiting a CO-tolerance of up to 100 ppm CO, enables the operation of PEMFC stacks with on-board generated methanol reformate. The performance of the new electrocatalyst materials was verified by DaimlerChrysler in a PEMFC demonstration stack at the end of the program. (orig.) [Deutsch] PEM-Brennstoffzellen gewinnen fuer die mobile Anwendung immer mehr an Bedeutung. Im Rahmen des hier beschriebenen Leitprojektes sollten die Basistechnologien fuer den Einsatz der PEM-Brennstoffzelle im mobilen Bereich (Elektrotraktion) entwickelt werden. Das Teilprojekt der Degussa befasst sich mit der Entwicklung von verbesserten Elektrokatalysatoren fuer PEM-Brennstoffzellenstacks. Die technischen Arbeitsziele des Vorhabens wurden erreicht. So konnten Elektrokatalysatoren bereitgestellt werden, die sich durch eine hohe Pt-Dispersion, eine grosse Pt-Oberflaeche sowie eine sehr gute Aktivitaet auszeichnen. Mit diesen Elektrokatalysatoren gelang es, die Platinbeladung der PEM-Elektroden (Anode und Kathode) erheblich abzusenken. Mit einer Gesamtplatinbeladung von 0,5 mg/cm{sup 2

40 CFR 98.38 - Definitions.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-07-01

... Still Gas 0.143 66.72 Kerosene 0.135 75.20 Liquefied petroleum gases (LPG) 0.092 62.98 Propane 0.091 61... GREENHOUSE GAS REPORTING General Stationary Fuel Combustion Sources § 98.38 Definitions. All terms used in... 93.65 Mixed (Industrial sector) 22.35 93.91 Mixed (Electric Power sector) 19.73 94.38 Natural gas mm...

Comparison between airborne pollution measurement and calculation at 14 measuring points in the Federal State of Brandenburg; Vergleich Immissionsmessung - Immissionsberechnung fuer 14 verkehrsnahe Messpunkte im Land Brandenburg

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Friedrich, U. [Landesumweltamt Brandenburg, Potsdam (Germany). Abt. Immissionsschutz; Schierbaum, I. [Landesumweltamt Brandenburg, Potsdam (Germany). Abt. Immissionsschutz

1997-02-01

Airborne pollution measurements for the pollutants benzene and soot were carried out at 14 inner-city measuring points, close to traffic, in the Federal State of Brandenburg, using a distribution model for ideal build-up streets (CPB model) and a model assuming missing fringe buildings (Gauss model). The calculated annual mean values were compared with the measured annual mean values. Benzene: The annual mean values calculated with the help of the CPB model diverged from the measured annual mean values by {+-}25%, apart from one exception. Soot: The calculated annual mean values were always lower than the measured annual mean values. Emission-sources not considered in the calculation (tyre abrasion, secondary dust) are assumed to be the main cause for this difference. (orig.) [Deutsch] Es wurden an 14 innerstaedtischen verkehrsnahen Messpunkten im Land Brandenburg mit einem Ausbreitungsmodell fuer ideale Strassenschluchten (CPB-Modell) und einem Modell unter der Annahme fehlender Randbebauung (Gauss-Modell) Immissionsberechnungen fuer die Schadstoffe Benzol und Russ durchgefuehrt. Benzol: Die mittels CPB-Modell berechneten Jahresmittelwerte wichen bis auf eine Ausnahme maximal um {+-}25% von den Jahresmitteln der Messergebnisse ab. Russ: Die berechneten Jahremittel wiesen stets geringere Werte als die Jahresmittelwerte der Messung auf. Als Hauptursache fuer diese Differenz werden Emissionsquellen vermutet, die nicht bei der Berechnung beruecksichtigt wurden (Reifenabrieb, Sekundaerstaub). (orig.)

Single room control for user-optimised room air conditions; Einzelraumregelung fuer nutzungsoptimiertes Raumklima

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lezius, A. [Staefa Control System GmbH, Leinfelden-Echterdingen (Germany)

1995-12-31

In chapter 14 of the anthology about building control the single room control for achieving user-optimised room air conditions is described. The following aspects are discussed: What is comfort? What is economic efficiency? Systems for secondary air treatment, adapted functions of the measurement and control technique, management functions, orientation of the demand at the use, investment and amortisation. (BWI) [Deutsch] Kapitel 14 des Sammelbandes ueber Building control ist dem Thema der Einzelraumregelung zur Erzielung eines nutzungsoptimierten Raumklimas gewidmet. In diesem Zusammenhang werden folgende Themenbereiche angesprochen: Was ist Komfort? Was ist Wirtschaftlichkeit? Systeme fuer sekundaere Luftbehandlung; Angepasste Funktionen der MSR-Technik; Managementfunktionen; Bedarfsorientierung an der Nutzung; Investition und Amortisation. (BWI)

40 CFR 98.412 - GHGs to report.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 20 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false GHGs to report. 98.412 Section 98.412 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) MANDATORY GREENHOUSE GAS REPORTING Suppliers of Industrial Greenhouse Gases § 98.412 GHGs to report. You must report...

Modern recording systems for services able to meet the competition; Moderne Erfassungssysteme fuer wettbewerbsfaehige Dienstleistungen

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Drumm, M.

2000-07-01

Modern recording systems form the basis for competitive services. They are, however, only successful when integrated precisely into a lean running organization. By means of practical examples the necessity to place great emphasis on the costs of a system besides the investment costs when deciding about a recording system, will be examined. The significant changes on the energy market and the increasing demand of the housing economy for a comprehensive offer of services from the supply industry are main initiators for a whole new line of businesses on the supply economy sector. The great challenge for the supply industry lies in the task to install lean and effective system which are on one hand reliable and easy to handle for the whole duration of the contract and on the other hand are so cost efficient, that an adequate profitability can be ensured (see also: 'The secret winners', Zfk October 1999). A decisive factor for this reason is the metering technology, which has to ensure for the whole duration of the contract that correct consumption values are registered, on the basis of which as fast and punctual as possible a legally safe invoicing can be prepared. (orig.) [German] Moderne Erfassungssysteme bilden die Grundlage fuer wettbewerbsfaehige Dienstleistungen, die jedoch erst bei sauberer Einbindung in eine schlanke Ablauforganisation erfolgreich sind. Anhand von Praxisbeispielen wird die Notwendigkeit betrachtet, bei der Entscheidung fuer ein Erfassungssystem neben den Investitionskosten den Systemkosten entscheidendes Gewicht zu verleihen. (orig.)

40 CFR 98.411 - Reporting threshold.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-07-01

...) MANDATORY GREENHOUSE GAS REPORTING Suppliers of Industrial Greenhouse Gases § 98.411 Reporting threshold. Any supplier of industrial greenhouse gases who meets the requirements of § 98.2(a)(4) must report GHG...

New energy conversion processes and neglected auxiliary systems - a treasure trove for energy service providers; Neue Techniken und vernachlaessigte Nebenanlagen - eine Fundgrube fuer Energiedienstleister

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Jochem, E.

1998-12-31

The paper shows that apart from the risks, the deregulation of the energy sector also offered new chances, which recently materialized in three emerging independent trends, initiating innovative approaches for energy conversion and applications and demand for new knowledge-based, near-production energy services as a new field for engineers: Providers of energy efficiency-related technology widen their capabilities by adding the new business segment of energy service marketing. Industrial energy users more strongly consider outsourcing of energy conversion systems and the relevant contracting schemes as an option for reducing energy costs. Public enterprise as energy users started following this trend, all the more as insufficient financial resources do not permit them to reinvest. The paper discusses the conversion processes which currently open up promising chances for energy service producers. (orig./CB) [Deutsch] Neben Gefahren, die inhaerentes Merkmal der Liberalisierung sind, zeichnen sich drei unabhaengige Entwicklungen ab, die innovative Initiativen in der Energiewandlung und -nutzung staerken und wissensintensive produktionsnahe Dienstleistungen als zentrale Aufgabe fuer den Ingenieur initieren: - Die Energieeffizienz-Technologieanbieter nehmen die Energiedienstleistungen in ihre Angebotspalette auf. - Die betrieblichen Energieanwender beginnen zunehmend, ueber das Outsourcing energiewandelnder Anlagen Energiekosten zu senken. - Die oeffentliche Hand als Energieanwender beginnt aehnlich zu denken, zumal sie infolge der hohen Verschuldung unzureichende finanzielle Mittel fuer Reinvestitionen hat. Hierueber sei kurz berichtet, bevor auf die Techniken eingegangen wird, die sich besonders aus heutiger Sicht fuer Energiedienstleister eignen. (orig./RHM)

Integrated information system MBS as a basis for fuel management in conventional power stations; Integriertes Informationssystem MBS als Basis fuer das Brennstoffmanagement in konventionellen Kraftwerken

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sasko, P.; Lindemann, H.; Kern, H.

2000-07-01

The fuel cost is a key factor in fossil-fuel power stations, and optimisation of fuel use is an urgent task. Modul Brennstoffe MBS supports all processes relevant for fuel supply and waste management, i.e. projecting, acquisition, optimisation of operation, billing, and evaluation. [German] Die gegenwaertige Situation in der Energiewirtschaft und im liberalisierten Energiemarkt hat zu einem nachhaltigen Kostendruck auf der Seite der Erzeugung gefuehrt. Die Brennstoffkosten in den fossil befeuerten Kraftwerken stellen eine wesentliche Komponente der Erzeugungskosten dar. Vor diesem Hintergrund hat die Optimierung des Brennstoffeinsatzes eine grundsaetzliche Bedeutung gewonnen. Modul Brennstoffe MBS unterstuetzt alle fuer die Brennstoffversorgung und fuer die Entsorgung von konventionellen Kraftwerken relevanten Geschaeftsprozesse. Es umfasst die Geschaeftsvorgaenge Planung, Beschaffung, Einsatzoptimierung, Abrechnung und Auswertung. Die Geschaeftsprozesse sind informationstechnisch im Modul Brennstoffe in einem integrierten System abgebildet. (orig.)

CHARACTERISTICS OF SPIRAL ARMS IN LATE-TYPE GALAXIES

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Honig, Z. N.; Reid, M. J.

2015-01-01

We have measured the positions of large numbers of H II regions in four nearly face-on, late-type, spiral galaxies: NGC 628 (M74), NGC 1232, NGC 3184, and NGC 5194 (M51). Fitting log-periodic spiral models to segments of each arm yields local estimates of spiral pitch angle and arm width. While pitch angles vary considerably along individual arms, among arms within a galaxy, and among galaxies, we find no systematic trend with galactocentric distance. We estimate the widths of the arm segments from the scatter in the distances of the H II regions from the spiral model. All major arms in these galaxies show spiral arm width increasing with distance from the galactic center, similar to the trend seen in the Milky Way. However, in the outermost parts of the galaxies, where massive star formation declines, some arms reverse this trend and narrow. We find that spiral arms often appear to be composed of segments of ∼5 kpc length, which join to form kinks and abrupt changes in pitch angle and arm width; these characteristics are consistent with properties seen in the large N-body simulations of D'Onghia et al. and others

Training the Unimpaired Arm Improves the Motion of the Impaired Arm and the Sitting Balance in Chronic Stroke Survivors.

Science.gov (United States)

De Luca, Alice; Giannoni, Psiche; Vernetti, Honore; Capra, Cristina; Lentino, Carmelo; Checchia, Giovanni Antonio; Casadio, Maura

2017-07-01

Robot-assisted rehabilitation of stroke survivors mainly focuses on the impaired side of the body while the role of the unimpaired side in the recovery after stroke is still controversial. The goal of this study is to investigate the influence on sitting balance and paretic arm functions of a training protocol based on movements of the unimpaired arm. Sixteen chronic stroke survivors underwent nineteen training sessions, in which they performed active movements with the unimpaired arm supported by a passive exoskeleton. Performance of the trunk and upper limbs was evaluated before treatment, after treatment and at six months follow up with clinical scales and an instrumented evaluation. A reaching test executed with the exoskeleton was used to assess changes in performance of both arms. The treatment based on the unimpaired arm's movements executed with a correct body posture led to benefits in control of the trunk and of both the trained and the untrained arm. The amount of impaired arm improvement in the Fugl-Meyer score was comparable to the outcome of robotic treatments focused directly on this arm. Our results highlight the importance of taking into account all body schema in the rehabilitation robotic program, instead of focusing only on the impaired side of the body.

KS R41B. A high performance steel-aluminium composite material; KS R41B. Ein Stahl-Aluminium-Verbundwerkstoff fuer hohe Belastungen

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Deicke, K. [KS Gleitlager GmbH (Germany). Bereich Metall; Matucha, H.; Schubert, W. [KS Gleitlager GmbH, St. Leon-Rot (Germany); Steffens, T. [KS Gleitlager GmbH, Neckarsulm (Germany)

2002-08-01

Aluminium-tin alloys have been well-known for a long time and have proved to be suitable bearing materials for crankshaft bearings for many years. The known alloy AlZn4,5SiCuPb is one of the aluminium materials capable of sustaining the highest mechanical loads. In order to achieve optimum sliding properties, it would be necessary to increase the share of the soft lead phase in the alloy. This article by KS Gleitlager GmbH shows a reasonably priced manufacturing technology for high-performance aluminium-zinc-silicon-copper alloys. (orig.) [German] Die Aluminium-Zinn-Lagerlegierungen sind seit langem bekannt und haben sich seit Jahren als Lagerwerkstoff fuer Kurbelwellenlager bewaehrt. Die Legierung AlZn4,5SiCuPb gehoert zu den mechanisch am hoechsten belastbaren Aluminium-Werkstoffen. Um optimale Gleiteigenschaften zu erzielen, muesste in der Legierung der Anteil des weichen Bleis noch weiter erhoeht werden. Dieser Beitrag der KS Gleitlager GmbH zeigt eine kostenguenstige Herstelltechnologie fuer hochbelastbare Aluminium-Zink-Silizium-Kupfer-Legierungen. (orig.)

Zero-leakage shut-off butterflies for high-temperature applications; Dichtschliessende Absperrklappen fuer die Hochtemperaturtechnik

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Meier, N. [Krombach Armaturen, Kreuztal (Germany)

2000-03-01

Over many years, zero-leakage butterfly valves have eminently proven their capabilities in a large range of elevated-temperature and elevated-pressure processes. This article examines the basic design differences between various butterfly valves. These differences are, among other factors, important indicators of the suitability of the various valve types for their use in industry. (orig.) [German] Dichtschliessende Absperrklappen haben sich ueber Jahre in vielen Prozessen, die unter hoeherem Druck und hoeherer Temperatur ablaufen, bestens bewaehrt. Der Beitrag zeigt die grundsaetzlichen konstruktiven Unterschiede dichtschliessender Absperrklappen. Diese Unterschiede sind unter anderem Indikatoren fuer die Prozesstauglichkeit von Absperrklappen in der Industrie. (orig.)

46 CFR 98.25-65 - Filling density.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Filling density. 98.25-65 Section 98.25-65 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) CARGO AND MISCELLANEOUS VESSELS SPECIAL... § 98.25-65 Filling density. (a) The filling density, or the percent ratio of the liquefied gas that may...

Picking Robot Arm Trajectory Planning Method

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Zhang Zhiyong

2014-01-01

Full Text Available The picking robot arm is scheduled to complete picking tasks in the working space, to overcome the shaking vibration to improve the picking stability, its movement should follow specific consistence trajectory points. Usually we should give definite multiple feature picking points, map their inverse kinematics to the joint space, establish motion equation for the corresponding point in the joint space, then follow these equations motion for the interpolation on the joint so that we can meet the movement requirements. Trajectory planning is decisive significance for accuracy and stability of controlling robot arm. The key issue that picking arm complete picking task will be come true by trajectory planning, namely, robot arm track the desired trajectory. which based on kinematics and statics picking analysis in a joint space according to the requirements of picking tasks, and obtain the position and orientation for picking robot arm, study and calculate the theory of trajectory parameters timely.

Arm locking with Doppler estimation errors

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Yu Yinan; Wand, Vinzenz; Mitryk, Shawn; Mueller, Guido, E-mail: yinan@phys.ufl.ed [Department of Physics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 (United States)

2010-05-01

At the University of Florida we developed the University of Florida LISA Interferometer Simulator (UFLIS) in order to study LISA interferometry with hardware in the loop at a system level. One of the proposed laser frequency stabilization techniques in LISA is arm locking. Arm locking uses an adequately filtered linear combination of the LISA arm signals as a frequency reference. We will report about experiments in which we demonstrated arm locking using UFLIS. During these experiments we also discovered a problem associated with the Doppler shift of the return beam. The initial arm locking publications assumed that this Doppler shift can perfectly be subtracted inside the phasemeter or adds an insignificant offset to the sensor signal. However, the remaining Doppler knowledge error will cause a constant change in the laser frequency if unaccounted for. Several ways to circumvent this problem have been identified. We performed detailed simulations and started preliminary experiments to verify the performance of the proposed new controller designs.

Supporting the President's Arms Control and Nonproliferation Agenda: Transparency and Verification for Nuclear Arms Reductions

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Doyle, James E.; Meek, Elizabeth

2009-01-01

The President's arms control and nonproliferation agenda is still evolving and the details of initiatives supporting it remain undefined. This means that DOE, NNSA, NA-20, NA-24 and the national laboratories can help define the agenda, and the policies and the initiatives to support it. This will require effective internal and interagency coordination. The arms control and nonproliferation agenda is broad and includes the path-breaking goal of creating conditions for the elimination of nuclear weapons. Responsibility for various elements of the agenda will be widely scattered across the interagency. Therefore an interagency mapping exercise should be performed to identify the key points of engagement within NNSA and other agencies for creating effective policy coordination mechanisms. These can include informal networks, working groups, coordinating committees, interagency task forces, etc. It will be important for NA-20 and NA-24 to get a seat at the table and a functional role in many of these coordinating bodies. The arms control and nonproliferation agenda comprises both mature and developing policy initiatives. The more mature elements such as CTBT ratification and a follow-on strategic nuclear arms treaty with Russia have defined milestones. However, recent press reports indicate that even the START follow-on strategic arms pact that is planned to be complete by the end of 2009 may take significantly longer and be more expansive in scope. The Russians called for proposals to count non-deployed as well as deployed warheads. Other elements of the agenda such as FMCT, future bilateral nuclear arms reductions following a START follow-on treaty, nuclear posture changes, preparations for an international nuclear security summit, strengthened international safeguards and multilateral verification are in much earlier stages of development. For this reason any survey of arms control capabilities within the USG should be structured to address potential needs across the

Simulation of Octopus Arm Based on Coupled CPGs

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Juan Tian

2015-01-01

Full Text Available The octopus arm has attracted many researchers’ interests and became a research hot spot because of its amazing features. Several dynamic models inspired by an octopus arm are presented to realize the structure with a large number of degrees of freedom. The octopus arm is made of a soft material introducing high-dimensionality, nonlinearity, and elasticity, which makes the octopus arm difficult to control. In this paper, three coupled central pattern generators (CPGs are built and a 2-dimensional dynamic model of the octopus arm is presented to explore possible strategies of the octopus movement control. And the CPGs’ signals treated as activation are added on the ventral, dorsal, and transversal sides, respectively. The effects of the octopus arm are discussed when the parameters of the CPGs are changed. Simulations show that the octopus arm movements are mainly determined by the shapes of three CPGs’ phase diagrams. Therefore, some locomotion modes are supposed to be embedded in the neuromuscular system of the octopus arm. And the octopus arm movements can be achieved by modulating the parameters of the CPGs. The results are beneficial for researchers to understand the octopus movement further.

Arm-to-arm variation when evaluating neuromuscular block: an analysis of the precision and the bias and agreement between arms when using mechanomyography or acceleromyography

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Claudius, C; Skovgaard, L T; Viby-Mogensen, J

2010-01-01

Studies comparing acceleromyography and mechanomyography indicate that the two methods cannot be used interchangeably. However, it is uncertain to what extent differences in precision between the methods and the naturally occurring arm-to-arm variation have influenced the results of these studies...

Adaptation to climate change for peace and stability. Strengthening of approaches and instruments as well as promotion of processes to reduce the security risks posed by climate change in the context of climate change adaptation

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Taenzler, Dennis; Mohns, Till; Ziegenhagen, Katherina [Adelphi Research, Berlin (Germany)

2013-10-15

. Die systematische Betrachtung regionaler Anpassungserfordernisse und -prozesse verdeutlicht, dass auf dieser Ebene Anpassungspolitiken vielfach noch am Anfang stehen. Vor diesem Hintergrund werden drei Anpassungsroadmaps fuer die Andenregion, Sued- und Zentralasien entworfen, die auf der Auswertung entsprechender Politiken und Programmen sowie ausgewaehlten Konsultationen basieren. Um die auf diese Weise gewonnenen Erkenntnisse in nationale und internationale Politikprozess einzuspeisen und internationale Governance-Strukturen zur Foerderung von Anpassungsprozessen zu unterstuetzen, schliesst der Bericht mit einem Memorandum, das wesentliche Prinzipien fuer Anpassung und Frieden formuliert.

Adaptation to climate change for peace and stability. Strengthening of approaches and instruments as well as promotion of processes to reduce the security risks posed by climate change in the context of climate change adaptation

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Taenzler, Dennis; Mohns, Till; Ziegenhagen, Katherina [Adelphi Research, Berlin (Germany)

2013-10-15

es einer konfliktsensitiven Ausrichtung. Die systematische Betrachtung regionaler Anpassungserfordernisse und -prozesse verdeutlicht, dass auf dieser Ebene Anpassungspolitiken vielfach noch am Anfang stehen. Vor diesem Hintergrund werden drei Anpassungsroadmaps fuer die Andenregion, Sued- und Zentralasien entworfen, die auf der Auswertung entsprechender Politiken und Programmen sowie ausgewaehlten Konsultationen basieren. Um die auf diese Weise gewonnenen Erkenntnisse in nationale und internationale Politikprozess einzuspeisen und internationale Governance-Strukturen zur Foerderung von Anpassungsprozessen zu unterstuetzen, schliesst der Bericht mit einem Memorandum, das wesentliche Prinzipien fuer Anpassung und Frieden formuliert.

Environmental protection by cost minimization: Least Cost Planning for traffic. Includes a guide for the application in local communities; Umweltentlastung durch Kostenminimierung: Least Cost Planning im Verkehr. Mit Leitfaden fuer die Anwendung in Kommunen

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bracher, T.; Diegmann, V.; Eckart, C.F.; Liwicki, M.; Lobenberg, G.; Wetzel, C. [Gesellschaft fuer Informatik, Verkehrs- und Umweltplanung mbH (IVU), Berlin (Germany); Bergmann, M.; Uricher, A.; Lueers, A. [Oeko-Institut, Inst. fuer Angewandte Oekologie e.V., Freiburg im Breisgau (Germany); Becker, U.; Karl, G.; Karl, B.; Voellings, A. [Technische Univ. Dresden (Germany). Lehrstuhl fuer Verkehrsoekologie

1999-08-01

An intermodal approach for the evaluation of transportation services on the municipal level was developed. Both non-motorised and motorised transportation were included. The approach aims at helping communities to provide an economically and ecologically viable transport policy. Least Cost Transportation Planning (LCTP) was developed to transfer the successful concept of Least Cost Planning from the energy sector to transportation. The conclusion from an analysis of LCTP literature and present evaluation methods was that an improved approach should be intermodal and integrate users, public bodies and transport companies as well as all planning sectors. An approach was developed firstly to identify and clarify transportation expenditures and incomes of a city within a year, and secondly for the evaluation of planning alternatives. This was illustrated for the access system of an industrial area with adjacent railway services in the town of Freiburg. Three alternatives were compared: the extension of a tramway line, the upgrading of the present bus system, and the development of a service and bicycle provision concept for rail stations and companies. Besides income and expenditure for each alternative, the effects on transport demand, the impact on air pollution and noise and on space consumption were presented. As a result, the bicycle concept is in most items better than its alternatives. The final report has three volumes and there is an extra guideline for implementing the method within municipalities. It includes a set of excel sheet tables for an easy application (all in German). (orig.) [German] Fuer die Verkehrsplanung wurde ein verkehrstraegeruebergreifendes Bewertungsverfahren fuer Kommunen entwickelt, das motorisierte und nicht motorisierte Verkehrstraeger einbezieht. Das Verfahren soll Gemeinden unterstuetzen, eine oekonomische und oekologisch vertraegliche Verkehrspolitik zu verfolgen. Least Cost Transportation Planning (LCTP) zielt darauf ab, das fuer

Broken Arm

Science.gov (United States)

... of falling — including football, soccer, gymnastics, skiing and skateboarding — also increases the risk of a broken arm. ... for high-risk activities, such as in-line skating, snowboarding, rugby and football. Don't smoke. Smoking ...

Conditional deletion of CD98hc inhibits osteoclast development

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Hideki Tsumura

2016-03-01

Full Text Available The CD98 heavy chain (CD98hc regulates virus-induced cell fusion and monocyte fusion, and is involved in amino acid transportation. Here, we examined the role that CD98hc plays in the formation of osteoclasts using CD98hcflox/floxLysM-cre peritoneal macrophages (CD98hc-defect macrophages. Peritoneal macrophages were stimulated with co-cultured with osteoblasts in the presence of 1,25(OH2 vitamin D3, and thereafter stained with tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase staining solution. The multinucleated osteoclast formation was severely impaired in the peritoneal macrophages isolated from the CD98hc-defect mice compared with those from wild-type mice. CD98hc mediates integrin signaling and amino acid transport through the CD98 light chain (CD98lc. In integrin signaling, suppression of the M-CSF-RANKL-induced phosphorylation of ERK, Akt, JNK and p130Cas were observed at the triggering phase in the CD98h-defect peritoneal macrophages. Moreover, we showed that the general control non-derepressible (GCN pathway, which was activated by amino acid starvation, was induced by the CD98hc-defect peritoneal macrophages stimulated with RANKL. These results indicate that CD98 plays two important roles in osteoclast formation through integrin signaling and amino acid transport.

46 CFR 98.30-11 - Cargo pumps.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Cargo pumps. 98.30-11 Section 98.30-11 Shipping COAST..., ARRANGEMENT, AND OTHER PROVISIONS FOR CERTAIN DANGEROUS CARGOES IN BULK Portable Tanks § 98.30-11 Cargo pumps. No person may operate a cargo pump to transfer a product to or from a portable tank unless the pump...

49 CFR 236.810 - Spectacle, semaphore arm.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-10-01

... 49 Transportation 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Spectacle, semaphore arm. 236.810 Section 236.810 Transportation Other Regulations Relating to Transportation (Continued) FEDERAL RAILROAD ADMINISTRATION... Spectacle, semaphore arm. That part of a semaphore arm which holds the roundels and to which the blade is...

Arming shoes of the fifteenth century

OpenAIRE

Volken Marquita

2017-01-01

Military footwear for the fifteenth century includes arming shoes worn under sabatons. Written sources suggest arming shoes and footwear used for fighting were ordinary shoes adapted for the purpose. Archaeological footwear was examined for signs of such modifications. Medieval shoe technology is presented, showing the range of footwear and its uses and gait biomechanics. Based on experiences from re-enactors wearing armours, medieval shoe styles are discussed for appropriateness as arming sh...

International security and arms control

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ekeus, R.

2000-01-01

The end of the cold war also ended the focus on the bilateral approach to arms control and disarmament. Key concepts of security needed to be revisited, along with their implications for the disarmament and arms control agenda. Though there is currently a unipolar global security environment, there remain important tasks on the multilateral arms control agenda. The major task is that of reducing and eliminating weapons of mass destruction, especially nuclear weapons. The author contends that maintaining reliance on the nuclear-weapons option makes little sense in a time when the major Powers are strengthening their partnerships in economics, trade, peacemaking and building. (author)

Survey of legislation applicable in Germany for implementation of the EC Directive on environmental audits; Ueberblick ueber die in Deutschland fuer die Ausfuehrung der EG-Umwelt-Audit-Verordnung geltenden Rechtsvorschriften

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1997-06-01

The brochure presents a comprehensive survey of the relevant legislation applicable in Germany to implementation of the EC Directive on environmental auditing. Readers interested in performing such auditing at one glance will find in this compiulation all relevant laws and regulations in full text that are to be observed for implementation of this novel environmental auditing instrument. (orig./RHM) [Deutsch] Diese Broschuere vermittelt einen umfassenden Ueberblick ueber die in Deutschland fuer die Ausfuehrung der EG-Umwelt-Audit-Verordnung geltenden Rechtsvorschriften. Damit wird fuer alle Interessenten ein rascher Zugriff auf die Rechtstexte, die zur praktischen Anwendung des neuartigen Umwelt-Audit-Instruments notwendig sind, ermoeglicht. (orig./RHM)

36 CFR 9.8 - Use of water.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-07-01

... MANAGEMENT Mining and Mining Claims § 9.8 Use of water. (a) No operator may use for operations any water from... 36 Parks, Forests, and Public Property 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Use of water. 9.8 Section 9.8... Regional Director. The Regional Director shall not approve a plan of operations requiring the use of water...

Preventing Interstate Armed Conflict : whose responsibility?

OpenAIRE

Otunba, Ganiyu

2010-01-01

This is a study of interstate armed conflict prevention. The concept of conflict, armed conflict and conflict prevention is defined and explained in order to be able to investigate if there is any single institution saddled with the responsibility of preventing interstate armed conflict and also to verify if adequate efforts are been put in this area which is of importance to mankind. The relationship between conflict prevention, conflict management and conflict resolution is also discussed s...

Infrared camera - specially developed for professional building inspection - with dew point detection tracing out fungi formation; Infrarotkamera - speziell entwickelt fuer die professionelle Gebaeudeinspektion - mit Taupunktermittlungsfunktion zum schnellen Auffinden von Gefahrbereichen fuer Schimmelbildung

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Anon.

2004-07-01

Besides the positive effect of energy saving the aspect of fungi formation has also to be respected. Fungi is not only responseable for health diseases but can also damage building materials. Examples are shown and how they can be detect by an infrared monitoring camera. (GL) [German] Die Waermeschutzverordnung und das daraus hervorgegangene Energieeinspargesetz haben weitreichende Folgen fuer Architekten, Bauingenieure, Instandhalter und Sanierer: Zeitgemaesse Gebaeude werden immer dichter, Luftzirkulation und damit der Feuchtigkeitsaustausch werden weitgehend unterbunden. Neben dem positiven Effekt der Energieersparnis ergibt sich dadurch leider oft auch ein Problem durch Schimmelbildung. Dabei ist zu bedenken, dass Schimmelpilz nicht nur gesundheitsgefaehrend ist, sondern oft auch die Bausubstanz signifikant schaedigen kann. (orig.)

Strategic arms limitation

Science.gov (United States)

Allen Greb, G.; Johnson, Gerald W.

1983-10-01

Following World War II, American scientists and politicians proposed in the Baruch plan a radical solution to the problem of nuclear weapons: to eliminate them forever under the auspices of an international nuclear development authority. The Soviets, who as yet did not possess the bomb, rejected this plan. Another approach suggested by Secretary of War Henry Stimson to negotiate directly with the Soviet Union was not accepted by the American leadership. These initial arms limitation failures both reflected and exacerbated the hostile political relationship of the superpowers in the 1950s and 1960s. Since 1969, the more modest focus of the Soviet-American arms control process has been on limiting the numbers and sizes of both defensive and offensive strategic systems. The format for this effort has been the Strategic Arms Limitatins Talks (Salt) and more recently the Strategic Arms Reduction Talks (START). Both sides came to these negotiations convinced that nuclear arsenals had grown so large that some for of mutual restraint was needed. Although the SALT/START process has been slow and ponderous, it has produced several concrete the agreements and collateral benefits. The 1972 ABM Treaty restricts the deployment of ballistic missile defense systems, the 1972 Interim Agreement places a quantitative freeze on each side's land based and sea based strategic launchers, and the as yet unratified 1979 SALT II Treaty sets numerical limits on all offensive strategic systems and sublimits on MIRVed systems. Collateral benefits include improved verification procedures, working definitions and counting rules, and permanent bureaucratic apparatus which enhance stability and increase the chances for achieving additional agreements.

Chair of geotechnical processes at the Institute for geotechnics and mine surveying at Clausthal Technological University; Professur fuer Geotechnische Verfahren am Institut fuer Geotechnik und Marktscheidewesen der TU Clausthal

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Meyer, N. [Technische Univ. Clausthal, Institut fuer Geotechnik und Marktscheidewesen (Germany)

2003-08-14

The Chair of Geotechnical Processes at the Institute for Geotechnics and Mine Surveying at Clausthal Technological University is concerned primarily with practical fundamental research in addition to teaching, in which comprehensive theoretical and practical experience from all areas of geotechnics is imparted. (orig.) [German] Der Lehrstuhl Geotechnische Verfahren am Institut fuer Geotechnik und Markscheidewesen der TU Clausthal befasst sich neben der Lehre, in der umfangreiche theoretische und praktische Erfahrungen aus allen Bereichen der Geotechnik vermittelt werden, in erster Linie mit der praxisnahen Grundlagenforschung. Die bearbeiteten Problemstellungen liegen bei der Bauwerk-Baugrund-Interaktion, Stabilitaetsproblemen bei Unterwasserboeschungen, der Umweltgeotechnik, der Geomesstechnik und dem Einsatz von Geokunststoffen in der Geotechnik und dem Bergbau. Die Forschungsvorhaben werden in enger Kooperation mit der Industrie durchgefuehrt. (orig.)

Planet-driven Spiral Arms in Protoplanetary Disks. II. Implications

Science.gov (United States)

Bae, Jaehan; Zhu, Zhaohuan

2018-06-01

We examine whether various characteristics of planet-driven spiral arms can be used to constrain the masses of unseen planets and their positions within their disks. By carrying out two-dimensional hydrodynamic simulations varying planet mass and disk gas temperature, we find that a larger number of spiral arms form with a smaller planet mass and a lower disk temperature. A planet excites two or more spiral arms interior to its orbit for a range of disk temperatures characterized by the disk aspect ratio 0.04≤slant {(h/r)}p≤slant 0.15, whereas exterior to a planet’s orbit multiple spiral arms can form only in cold disks with {(h/r)}p≲ 0.06. Constraining the planet mass with the pitch angle of spiral arms requires accurate disk temperature measurements that might be challenging even with ALMA. However, the property that the pitch angle of planet-driven spiral arms decreases away from the planet can be a powerful diagnostic to determine whether the planet is located interior or exterior to the observed spirals. The arm-to-arm separations increase as a function of planet mass, consistent with previous studies; however, the exact slope depends on disk temperature as well as the radial location where the arm-to-arm separations are measured. We apply these diagnostics to the spiral arms seen in MWC 758 and Elias 2–27. As shown in Bae et al., planet-driven spiral arms can create concentric rings and gaps, which can produce a more dominant observable signature than spiral arms under certain circumstances. We discuss the observability of planet-driven spiral arms versus rings and gaps.

14 CFR 61.98 - Flight proficiency.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Flight proficiency. 61.98 Section 61.98 Aeronautics and Space FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) AIRMEN...) Navigation; (viii) Slow flight and stalls; (ix) Emergency operations; and (x) Postflight procedures. (2) For...

The Indigenous World, 1997-98 = El Mundo Indigena, 1997-98.

Science.gov (United States)

Erni, Christian, Ed.

This annual publication (published separately in English and Spanish) examines political, legal, social, environmental, and educational issues concerning indigenous peoples around the world during 1997-98. Part I highlights news events and ongoing situations in specific countries in nine world regions. In the Arctic and North America, these…

Product marketing for eco-power; Produktemarketing fuer Oekostrom

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Huber, D. [Verband Schweizerischer Elektrizitaetswerke, Zuerich (Switzerland)

1998-10-30

The company NaturEnergie (natural energy), a subsidiary of the Energieversorger Kraftwerk Laufenburg AG (KWL) is located in Grenzach-Whylen (Germany) near Basel (Switzerland) has been selling power generated from sun and water since the 1st of October 1998. The company employes a cleverly designed, emotional marketing strategy in order to position the brand ``NaturEnergie`` as a label for ``green power`` on the market. Bulletin VSE talked to Dr. Kai-Hendrik Schlusche (40), co-founder and member of the board of NaturEnergie AG about marketing and pricing of ``green`` power and about relations with Switzerland.(orig.) [Deutsch] Im grenznahen Grenzach-Whylen bei Basel verkauft die Firma NaturEnergie, eine Tochtergesellschaft der Energieversorger Kraftwerk Laufenburg AG (KWL) und Kraftuebertragungswerke Rheinfelden AG (KWR), seit 1. Oktober 1998 Oekostrom aus Sonne und Wasser. Mit Hilfe einer ausgekluegelten emotionellen Marketingstrategie will das junge Unternehmen die Marke `NaturEnergie` als Label fuer `gruenen Strom` im Markt positionieren. Bulletin VSE sprach mit Dr. Kai-Hendrik Schlusche (40), seit Mai 1998 Gruendungsvorstand der NaturEnergie AG, ueber Marketing, Preisgestaltung von `gruenem Strom` und die Beziehungen zur Schweiz. (orig.)

Market research and marketing for the mobility; Marktforschung und Marketing fuer die Mobilitaet

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Meinig, W. [Bamberg Univ. (Germany)

1994-12-31

The explanations, which have been given in the talk are supposed to reveal, that the aim of the marketing for electric-powered vehicles is not to carry the idea of environmental protection into the society. It is far more important to use the power of the present environmental consciousness in order to guarantee the consumers demands for mobility, taking into consideration the ecological interests. (orig.) [Deutsch] Die vorstehenden Ausfuehrungen sollten insbesondere deutlich machen, dass das Ziel eines Marketing fuer E-Mobile nicht darin bestehen kann, den Umweltschutzgedanken in die Gesellschaft zu tragen. Vielmehr geht es darum, die Schubkraft vorhandenen Umweltbewusstseins dafuer zu nutzen, Mobilitaetsbeduerfnisse von Konsumenten unter Bewahrung oekologischer Interessen sicherzustellen. (orig.)

Mechanical characterization of the Varian Exact-arm and R-arm support systems for eight aS500 electronic portal imaging devices

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Grattan, Mark W. D.; McGarry, Conor K.

2010-01-01

Purpose: The aim of this study is to compare the positioning accuracy at different gantry angles of two electronic portal imaging devices (EPIDs) support arm systems by using EPID difference images as a measure for displacement. This work presents a comparison of the mechanical performance of eight Varian aS500 (Varian Medical Systems, Palo Alto, CA) EPIDs, mounted using either the Varian Exact-arm or R-arm. Methods: The mechanical performance of the two arm systems was compared by investigating the variation in sensitivity with gantry angle, both before and after the EPID position was adjusted after gantry rotation. Positional errors were investigated by subtracting images from a reference image taken at gantry 0 deg., and the amplitude of the peaks and troughs at the field edges for longitudinal (radial) and lateral (transverse) profiles across the resulting image was related to the distance of displacement. Calibration curves based on a pixel-by-pixel shift were generated for each EPID and the Varian hand pendant accuracy was compared to the calibration data. Results: The response of the EPIDs was found to change with gantry rotation, with the largest difference at 180 deg. The Exact-arm was found to correct well for any displacement, while the R-arm tended to overcorrect following repositioning using the hand pendant. The calibration curves were consistent within each set of matched linacs, and the hand pendant accuracy was similar for both arm systems, although generally in different directions. With respect to gantry rotation effects, the mechanical performance of the Exact-arm systems was found to be much better than that of the R-arm systems. At gantry positions 90 deg., 270 deg., and 180 deg. the average misalignment in the longitudinal direction was +4.2±0.2, +1.8±1.6, and +7.4±0.5 mm for the R-arms, and +2.9±0.2, +2.1±0.8, and +4.9±0.7 mm for the Exact-arms. In the lateral direction the average positional errors were +2.1±0.4, -4.7±0.4, and -2.5�

Ethical codes. Fig leaf argument, ballast or cultural element for radiation protection?; Ethik-Codes. Feigenblatt, Ballast oder Kulturelement fuer den Strahlenschutz?

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Gellermann, Rainer [Nuclear Control and Consulting GmbH, Braunschweig (Germany)

2014-07-01

The international association for radiation protection (IRPA) adopted in May 2004 a Code of Ethics in order to allow their members to hold an adequate professional level of ethical line of action. Based on this code of ethics the professional body of radiation protection (Fachverband fuer Strahlenschutz) has developed its own ethical code and adopted in 2005.

Controlling robot arm with the mind

National Science Foundation

2017-05-31

Full Text Available Research test subjects at the University of Minnesota who were fitted with a specialized noninvasive brain cap were able to move a robotic arm just by imagining moving their own arms.

42 CFR 460.98 - Service delivery.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-10-01

... 42 Public Health 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Service delivery. 460.98 Section 460.98 Public Health CENTERS FOR MEDICARE & MEDICAID SERVICES, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (CONTINUED..., national origin, religion, sex, age, sexual orientation, mental or physical disability, or source of...

Limited consensus around ARM information protection practices ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

An existing enterprise IP SoP was adapted to ARM through literature analysis and produced a draft ARM SoP. The draft ARM SoP was applied in a rote fashion to a small sample of government-operated archives to identify likely areas of consensus and lack of consensus surrounding the various elements of the SoP.

Condition monitoring for offshore wind parks. A module for ensuring plant availability and risk minimization; Condition Monitoring fuer Offshore-Windparks. Ein Baustein zur Sicherstellung der Anlagenverfuegbarkeit und zur Risikominimierung

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hoering, B. [Deutsche Montan Technologie GmbH, Essen (Germany). Engine Logic Division

2003-07-01

The economic success of offshore wind energy and hence its competitiveness alongside conventional energy generation depends to a major extent on the reliability and availability of the installations. The profitability is determined, as is efficiency, by the costs for operation and maintenance over the whole plant life. Only plants with low operational management costs are therefore attractive in the long-term for the market and will help create customer satisfaction and loyalty. Because the costs for servicing and maintenance of offshore installations will be several times higher than for onshore facilities, the manufacturers and operators are called upon to think about new approaches to monitoring and maintaining offshore wind turbines. (orig.) [German] Der wirtschaftliche Erfolg der Offshore-Windenergie und somit die Konkurrenzfaehigkeit gegenueber konventioneller Energiegewinnung haengt massgeblich von der Zuverlaessigkeit und der Verfuegbarkeit der Anlagen ab. Die Wirtschaftlichkeit wird neben dem Wirkungsgrad durch die Kosten fuer Betrieb und Wartung waehrend der gesamten Anlagenlebensdauer bestimmt. Nur Anlagen mit geringen Betriebsfuehrungskosten sind daher fuer den Markt langfristig attraktiv und tragen zur Kundenzufriedenheit und -bindung bei. Weil die Kosten fuer Wartung und Instandhaltung von Offshore-Anlagen um ein vielfaches hoeher sein werden als bei Onshore-Anlagen, sind die Hersteller und Betreiber aufgefordert, ueber neue Konzepte der Windenergieanlagen-(WEA-)Ueberwachung und -instandhaltung nachzudenken. (orig.)

Treatment Adherence and Its Impact on Disease-Free Survival in the Breast International Group 1-98 Trial of Tamoxifen and Letrozole, Alone and in Sequence

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Chirgwin, Jacquie H; Giobbie-Hurder, Anita; Coates, Alan S

2016-01-01

PURPOSE: To investigate adherence to endocrine treatment and its relationship with disease-free survival (DFS) in the Breast International Group (BIG) 1-98 clinical trial. METHODS: The BIG 1-98 trial is a double-blind trial that randomly assigned 6,193 postmenopausal women with hormone receptor......-positive early breast cancer in the four-arm option to 5 years of tamoxifen (Tam), letrozole (Let), or the agents in sequence (Let-Tam, Tam-Let). This analysis included 6,144 women who received at least one dose of study treatment. Conditional landmark analyses and marginal structural Cox proportional hazards......). Sequential treatments were associated with higher rates of nonpersistence (Tam-Let, 20.8%; Let-Tam, 20.3%; Tam 16.9%; Let 17.6%). Adverse events were the reason for most trial treatment early discontinuations (82.7%). Apart from sequential treatment assignment, reduced adherence was associated with older age...

Data warehouse solution for energy management tasks of a power generation corporation in a competitive market; Data-Warehouse-Loesung fuer die Energiemanagementaufgaben eines Stromerzeugungsbereiches in einem wettbewerblichen Umfeld

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Brugger, H. [Siemens AG, Vienna (Austria). Bereich Energieuebertragung und -verteilung; Nobach, U. [Siemens AG, Nuernberg (Germany). Bereich Energieuebertragung und -verteilung; Hoenes, R.; Vetter, T. [Neckarwerke Stuttgart AG (Germany)

1999-04-19

Liberalization of the energy market gives new requirements to the organization of the departments of utilities and their IT-solutions. The authors explain by using the example of the new energy management system for Neckarwerke Stuttgart AG, how a modern Data Warehouse-platform is created for the operative and economic tasks for electricity supply and district heating in a competitive market. (orig.) [Deutsch] Aufgrund der Liberalisierung des Strommarktes erwachsen bei den Energieversorgungsunternehmen neue Anforderungen an die Organisation der Geschaeftsbereiche und an die EDV-Hilfsmittel. Die Verfasser erlaeutern am Beispiel des neuen Energiemanagementsystems fuer die Neckarwerke Stuttgart AG wie mit einem modernen Data Warehouse die Plattform fuer die Loesung der operativen und der wirtschaftlichen Aufgaben der Strom- und Fernwaermebeschaffung in einem Wettbewerbsumfeld geschaffen werden kann. (orig.)

Arms Races and Negotiations

OpenAIRE

Sandeep Baliga; Tomas Sjostrom

2003-01-01

Two players simultaneously decide whether or not to acquire new weapons in an arms race game. Each player's type determines his propensity to arm. Types are private information, and are independently drawn from a continuous distribution. With probability close to one, the best outcome for each player is for neither to acquire new weapons (although each prefers to acquire new weapons if he thinks the opponent will). There is a small probability that a player is a dominant strategy type who alw...

29 CFR 1910.98 - Effective dates.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-07-01

... 29 Labor 5 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Effective dates. 1910.98 Section 1910.98 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor (Continued) OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR... section, if any standard in 41 CFR part 50-204, other than a national consensus standard incorporated by...

46 CFR 98.25-75 - Ventilation.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-10-01

... shall be fitted with efficient natural or mechanical ventilation. (b) Enclosed compartments in which... 46 Shipping 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Ventilation. 98.25-75 Section 98.25-75 Shipping COAST... Ventilation. (a) All enclosed spaces containing cargo tanks fitted with bottom outlet connections shall be...

50 CFR 665.98 - Management area.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-10-01

... 50 Wildlife and Fisheries 9 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Management area. 665.98 Section 665.98 Wildlife and Fisheries FISHERY CONSERVATION AND MANAGEMENT, NATIONAL OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION... Management area. The American Samoa fishery management area is the EEZ seaward of the Territory of American...

Electric heat pump for motor vehicles with R744 (CO{sub 2}) as refrigerant; Elektrisch betriebene Waermepumpe fuer Fahrzeuge mit dem Kaeltemittel R744 (CO{sub 2})

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Huenemoerder, W.; Kakehashi, N. [DENSO Automotive Deutschland GmbH, Eching (Germany)

2003-07-01

R744 (carbon dioxide) is suited for low ambient temperatures. A motor car air conditioner on this basis was developed for engines with low heat emissions. The passenger compartment is heated and cooled by a single system comprising a semihermetic electric compressor and three air-filled heat transfer units, i.e. an evaporator and a gas cooler for heating inside the car and a heat exchanger on the outside which can serve as evaporator or gas cooler as desired. The system can be operated in four modes: Heating without dehumidification, heating and dehumidification, cooling, thawing of the external heat exchanger. In contrast to conventional systems, the heating and cooling mode are not independent of each other, so a special control concept was developed which enables automatic operation of the four above modes of operation. The system is used in the Toyota FCHV fuel cell car. (orig.) [German] Das Kaeltemittel CO{sub 2} (R744) kann auch bei niederen Umgebungstemperaturen fuer Waermepumpenanwendungen eingesetzt werden. Eine CO{sub 2}-Klimaanlage mit Waermepumpe wurde fuer die Klimatisierung (Heizen, Kuehlen und Entfeuchten) des Fahrzeuginnenraumes entwickelt. Diese Anlage ist fuer Elektro- und Breenstoffzellenfahrzeuge geeignet, bei denen keine Motorabwaerme zu Heizzwecken zur Verfuegung steht. Heizen und Kuehlen des Innenraumes erfolgt durch ein einziges System unter Verwendung derselben Komponenten. Die Anlage besteht aus einem halbhermetischen elektrischen Verdichter und drei luftbeaufschlagten Waermeuebertragern - ein Verdampfer und ein Gaskuehler (zum Heizen) im Innenraum und ein Waermeuebertrager aussen, der - je nach Betriebsart - als Verdampfer oder Gaskuehler betrieben wird. Die Anlage kann in vier Betriebsarten betrieben werden: Heizen ohne Entfeuchtung, Heizen mit Entfeuchtung, Kuehlen, Abtauen des aeusseren Waermeuebertragers. In konventionellen Systemen koennen Heiz- und Kuehlsystem unabhaengig voneinander geregelt werden. Bei dem hier vorgestellten

Rolling motions in an inner spiral arm

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Strauss, F.M.; Poeppel, W.

1976-01-01

Hydrogen line observations made at low galactic latitudes for l=318degree, 326degree, 334degree, and 337degree show the presence of velocity gradients in latitude in the nearest inner spiral arm, similar to those found by other observations in different regions. Maximum velocity change is about 10 km s -1 for l=337degree. By generating synthetic line profiles constructed from a model spiral arm, several possible causes of these ''rolling motions'' were studied, such as a vertical displacement or a tilt of the arm (which failed to account for the observations) and rotation or shearing in the arm. It was futher shown that a typical arm can maintain such a motion (approx. =75 km s -1 kpc -1 ) with its own gravitational potential. The results are used to study the origin and tilt of Gould's Belt

Introductory strategies for the automation of suburban railway systems; Einfuehrungsstrategien fuer die Automatisierung von Nahverkehrsbahnen

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ritter, N. [Siemens Transportation Systems, Berlin (Germany)

2001-04-01

Driverless automatic operation is a cost-effective and passenger-friendly form of handling services in suburban railway systems. It is intended to introduce this operating mode also in railway systems that have so far been operated in a conventional mode. The article outlines solution concepts and introductory strategies for changing the operating mode. (orig.) [German] Der fahrerlose automatische Betrieb stellt eine wirtschaftliche und fahrgastfreundliche Form der Betriebsabwicklung von Nahverkehrssystemen dar. Ziel ist es, diese Betriebsform auch bei bislang konventionell betriebenen Bahnen einzufuehren. Der vorliegende Beitrag zeigt Loesungsansaetze und Einfuehrungsstrategien fuer die Umstellung auf einen automatischen Betrieb. (orig.)

7 CFR 98.4 - Analytical methods.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 3 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Analytical methods. 98.4 Section 98.4 Agriculture....4 Analytical methods. (a) The majority of analytical methods used by the USDA laboratories to perform analyses of meat, meat food products and MRE's are listed as follows: (1) Official Methods of...

Alternative drives for motor cars. Hybrid systems, fuel cells, alternative energy sources. 3. ed.; Alternative Antriebe fuer Automobile. Hybridsysteme, Brennstoffzellen, alternative Energietraeger

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Stan, Cornel [California Univ., Berkeley, CA (United States); Paris-1 Univ., 75 (France); Pisa Univ. (Italy); Perugia Univ. (Italy); Kronstadt Univ. (Russian Federation)

2012-07-01

vorgesehener Energietraeger, die technische Komplexitaet, Kosten, Sicherheit, Infrastruktur und Service bestimmen die Randbedingungen fuer die Einfuehrung alternativer Antriebe fuer Automobile. Die aktualisierte Uebersicht und Analyse der Prozesse, Antriebsmaschinen und Energietraeger, die in komplexen Energie-Management-Systemen fuer Automobile kombinierbar sind, bilden den Inhalt dieses Buches.

Arming shoes of the fifteenth century

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Volken Marquita

2017-12-01

Full Text Available Military footwear for the fifteenth century includes arming shoes worn under sabatons. Written sources suggest arming shoes and footwear used for fighting were ordinary shoes adapted for the purpose. Archaeological footwear was examined for signs of such modifications. Medieval shoe technology is presented, showing the range of footwear and its uses and gait biomechanics. Based on experiences from re-enactors wearing armours, medieval shoe styles are discussed for appropriateness as arming shoes. The question of why medieval military footwear shows no purposed development is addressed.

46 CFR 98.33-11 - Smoking.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Smoking. 98.33-11 Section 98.33-11 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) CARGO AND MISCELLANEOUS VESSELS SPECIAL CONSTRUCTION, ARRANGEMENT, AND OTHER PROVISIONS FOR CERTAIN DANGEROUS CARGOES IN BULK Portable Tanks for Certain Grade E Combustible Liquids and Other Regulated...

45 CFR 98.34 - Parental rights and responsibilities.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-10-01

... 45 Public Welfare 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Parental rights and responsibilities. 98.34 Section 98.34 Public Welfare DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES GENERAL ADMINISTRATION CHILD CARE AND DEVELOPMENT FUND Program Operations (Child Care Services)-Parental Rights and Responsibilities § 98.34...

45 CFR 98.65 - Audits and financial reporting.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-10-01

... 45 Public Welfare 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Audits and financial reporting. 98.65 Section 98... DEVELOPMENT FUND Financial Management § 98.65 Audits and financial reporting. (a) Each Lead Agency shall have... independent standards. (g) The Secretary shall require financial reports as necessary. ...

Level of Agreement Between Forearm and Upper Arm Blood Pressure Measurements in Patients With Large Arm Circumference.

Science.gov (United States)

Watson, Sheri; Aguas, Marita; Colegrove, Pat; Foisy, Nancy; Jondahl, Bonnie; Anastas, Zoe

2017-02-01

The purpose of the study was to determine if forearm blood pressures (BPs) measured in three different locations agree with the recommended upper arm location for noninvasive BP measurement. A method-comparison design was used. In a convenience sample of postanesthesia care unit patients with large upper arm circumference, BP's were obtained in three different forearm locations (lower forearm, middle forearm, and upper forearm) and compared to upper arm BP using an automated BP measuring device. The level of agreement (bias ± precision) between each forearm location and the upper arm BP was calculated using standard formulas. Acceptable levels of agreement based on expert opinion were set a priori at bias and precision values of less than ±5 mm Hg (bias) and ±8 mm Hg (precision). Forty-eight postanesthesia patients participated in the study. Bias and precision values were found to exceed the acceptable level of agreement for all but one of the systolic and diastolic BP comparisons in the three forearm BP locations. Fifty-six percent of all patients studied had one or more BP difference of at least 10 mm Hg in each of the three forearm locations, with 10% having one or more differences of at least 20 mm Hg. The differences in forearm BP measurements observed in this study indicate that the clinical practice of using a forearm BP with a regular-sized BP cuff in place of a larger sized BP cuff placed on the upper arm in postanesthesia care unit patients with large arm circumferences is inappropriate. The BPs obtained at the forearm location are not equivalent to the BPs obtained at the upper arm location. Copyright © 2015 American Society of PeriAnesthesia Nurses. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

1st Kassel user forum: Double-layer capacitors for high-performance applications. Proceedings '99; 1. Kasseler Anwenderforum: Doppelschichtkondensatoren fuer hohe Leistung. Tagungsband '99

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2000-07-01

Double-layer capacitors ('Super Caps') have excellent perspectives as dynamic short-term stores. They have a long life of more than 200000 cycles, immunity against full discharge, and are maintenance-free. Apart from their high short-term power density, they also have an extremely high energy density which recommends them for many applications. Currently, motor car engineering, autonomous networks, power quality and solar applications are investigated. [German] Doppelschichtkondensatoren oder 'Super-Caps' sind Speicher fuer elektrische Energie und weisen, dank ihrer Eigenschaften, hervorragende Perspektiven als dynamische Kurzzeitspeicher auf. Sie besitzen eine hohe Lebenserwartung von mehr als 200000 Zyklen, Immunitaet gegen vollstaendige Entladung und Wartungsfreiheit. Neben einer hohen Leistungsdichte im Kurzzeitbereich verfuegen sie ueber eine fuer Kondensatoren extrem hohe Energiedichte. Zahlreiche Einsatzgebiete koennen auf diese Weise erschlossen werden. Derzeit stehen die Bereiche Automobiltechnik, autarke Netze, Power Quality und solare Applikationen im Vordergrund. (orig.)

Natural and anthropogenic environmental hazards. Research results of the Department of Applied Geology; Natuerliche und anthropogene Umweltgefaehrdungen. Forschungsergebnisse aus dem Lehrstuhl fuer Angewandte Geologie

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Czurda, K.; Eiswirth, M.; Hoetzl, H. [comps.

1998-12-31

Applied geology is employed in mining geology, raw materials geology, engineering geology, and hydrogeology, of which the two last-mentioned are the most important for the Department of Applied Geology. This series of publications arose from the need of making research findings, dissertations, theses and conference papers accessible to the public faster and more comprehensively than in national and international journals. [Deutsch] Die Aufgaben der angewandten Geologie sind im weitesten Sinne in der Montangeologie, in der Rohstoffgeologie, in der Ingenieurgeologie und in der Hydrogeologie zu sehen. Der engere Aufgabenbereich der Institute fuer Angewandte Geologie konzentriert sich der heutigen Fragestellung entsprechend meist auf die Ingenieurgeologie und Hydrogeologie. Wenn wir daraus noch die Umweltgeologie ableiten, so ist der Lehr- und Forschungsschwerpunkt auch des Karlsruher Lehrstuhles fuer Angewandte Geologie (AGK=Angewandte Geologie Karlsruhe) umrissen. Die vorliegende Schriftenreihe ist aus der Notwendigkeit entstanden, Forschungsergebnisse, Dissertationen und ausgewaehlte Diplomarbeiten sowie Beitraege einschlaegiger Tagungen in Karlsruhe rascher und u.U. umfangreicher als in internationalen oder nationalen Journalen moeglich zu publizieren. (orig.)

GEC Alsthom put their hopes on fuel cells: A large potential for PEM fuel cells; GEC Alsthom setzt auf Brennstoffzellen: Grosses Potential fuer PEMFC

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Anon,

1998-07-01

Fuel cells are regarded as one of the high-tech products of great promise for future energy supplies. High hopes are pinned on the PEM technology: This low-temperature fuel cell is applicable to both mobile applications as well as stationary systems, i.e. from small-scale heating systems through to CHP systems of medium output. GEC Alsthom, who entered into a strategic alliance with Ballard, the market leader in fuel cell technology, are the first power plant manufacturers to commit themselves in the fuel cell market sector. (orig./CB) [Deutsch] Brennstoffzellen gelten als einer der Hoffnungstraeger der zukuenftigen Energieversorgung. Grosse Erwartungen werden dabei in die PEM-Technologie gesetzt: Diese Niedertemperatur-Brennstoffzelle eignet sich sowohl fuer mobile Anwendungen als auch fuer den stationaeren Einsatz - von kleinen Hausheizungsanlagen bis hin zu BHKW mittlerer Leistungklasse. Mit GEC Alsthom und seinem Engagement beim Marktfuehrer Ballard steigt nun erstmals ein grosser Energieanlagenhersteller verstaerkt in dieses Marktsegment ein. (orig.)

Two-Armed, Mobile, Sensate Research Robot

Science.gov (United States)

Engelberger, J. F.; Roberts, W. Nelson; Ryan, David J.; Silverthorne, Andrew

2004-01-01

The Anthropomorphic Robotic Testbed (ART) is an experimental prototype of a partly anthropomorphic, humanoid-size, mobile robot. The basic ART design concept provides for a combination of two-armed coordination, tactility, stereoscopic vision, mobility with navigation and avoidance of obstacles, and natural-language communication, so that the ART could emulate humans in many activities. The ART could be developed into a variety of highly capable robotic assistants for general or specific applications. There is especially great potential for the development of ART-based robots as substitutes for live-in health-care aides for home-bound persons who are aged, infirm, or physically handicapped; these robots could greatly reduce the cost of home health care and extend the term of independent living. The ART is a fully autonomous and untethered system. It includes a mobile base on which is mounted an extensible torso topped by a head, shoulders, and two arms. All subsystems of the ART are powered by a rechargeable, removable battery pack. The mobile base is a differentially- driven, nonholonomic vehicle capable of a speed >1 m/s and can handle a payload >100 kg. The base can be controlled manually, in forward/backward and/or simultaneous rotational motion, by use of a joystick. Alternatively, the motion of the base can be controlled autonomously by an onboard navigational computer. By retraction or extension of the torso, the head height of the ART can be adjusted from 5 ft (1.5 m) to 6 1/2 ft (2 m), so that the arms can reach either the floor or high shelves, or some ceilings. The arms are symmetrical. Each arm (including the wrist) has a total of six rotary axes like those of the human shoulder, elbow, and wrist joints. The arms are actuated by electric motors in combination with brakes and gas-spring assists on the shoulder and elbow joints. The arms are operated under closed-loop digital control. A receptacle for an end effector is mounted on the tip of the wrist and

Simulation of Octopus Arm Based on Coupled CPGs

OpenAIRE

Juan Tian; Qiang Lu

2015-01-01

The octopus arm has attracted many researchers’ interests and became a research hot spot because of its amazing features. Several dynamic models inspired by an octopus arm are presented to realize the structure with a large number of degrees of freedom. The octopus arm is made of a soft material introducing high-dimensionality, nonlinearity, and elasticity, which makes the octopus arm difficult to control. In this paper, three coupled central pattern generators (CPGs) are built and a 2-dimens...

Kinematic decomposition and classification of octopus arm movements

OpenAIRE

Zelman, Ido; Titon, Myriam; Yekutieli, Yoram; Hanassy, Shlomi; Hochner, Binyamin; Flash, Tamar

2013-01-01

The octopus arm is a muscular hydrostat and due to its deformable and highly flexible structure it is capable of a rich repertoire of motor behaviors. Its motor control system uses planning principles and control strategies unique to muscular hydrostats. We previously reconstructed a data set of octopus arm movements from records of natural movements using a sequence of 3D curves describing the virtual backbone of arm configurations. Here we describe a novel representation of octopus arm move...

Multiple myoma: current recommendations for imaging; Multiples Myelom: Aktuelle Empfehlungen fuer die Bildgebung

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hillengass, J. [Medizinische Universitaetsklinik, Abteilung fuer Haematologie, Onkologie und Rheumatologie, Heidelberg (Germany); Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Abteilung Radiologie E010, Heidelberg (Germany); Delorme, S. [Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Abteilung Radiologie E010, Heidelberg (Germany)

2012-04-15

zur Erfassung umschriebener Knochendestruktionen, von Osteoporose oder Frakturen. Die Ganzkoerper-low-dose-CT und Ganzkoerper-MRT ermoeglichen eine Darstellung sowohl des mineralisierten Knochens als auch des Knochenmarks mit einer hoeheren Sensitivitaet, hoeherem Patientenkomfort und im Falle der MRT ohne Strahlenbelastung. Nach den Ergebnissen der Literatur sind Schnittbildverfahren dem Roentgenskelettstatus signifikant ueberlegen, wobei die Ganzkoerper-MRT fuer den Nachweis insbesondere eines diffusen Knochenmarkbefalls signifikant besser ist als die Ganzkoerper-CT. Praktisch jeder osteodestruktive Herd ist in der MRT sichtbar. Allerdings ist fuer die Beurteilung der Osteodestruktion selbst wiederum eine CT erforderlich. Die Sensitivitaeten von PET/CT und MRT sind vergleichbar. Wie bereits in einigen Zentren insbesondere in Deutschland umgesetzt, sollten bei Verfuegbarkeit das Ganzkoerper-MRT und das Ganzkoerper-CT den konventionellen Roentgenskelettstatus ersetzen. Bei Erstdiagnose bzw. Verdacht auf eine monoklonale Gammopathie unklarer Signifikanz (MGUS), ''smoldering multiple myeloma'' und symptomatisches multiples Myelom sollten sowohl eine Ganzkoerper-MRT als auch eine Ganzkoerper-CT durchgefuehrt werden. Bei asymptomatischem Myelom oder MGUS waere die Ganzkoerper-MRT bis zur Detektion des ersten umschriebenen Myelomherdes ausreichend. Beim symptomatischen Myelom mit Knochenlaesionen sollten in der Regel die Ganzkoerper-CT und fuer spezielle Fragestellungen die MRT eingesetzt werden. (orig.)

Nucleoporin Nup98 mediates galectin-3 nuclear-cytoplasmic trafficking

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Funasaka, Tatsuyoshi, E-mail: funasaka@staff.kanazawa-u.ac.jp [Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Systems, Institute of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa (Japan); Balan, Vitaly; Raz, Avraham [Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, School of Medicine, Detroit, MI (United States); Wong, Richard W., E-mail: rwong@staff.kanazawa-u.ac.jp [Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Systems, Institute of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa (Japan); Bio-AFM Frontier Research Center, Kanazawa Kanazawa University, Ishikawa (Japan)

2013-04-26

Highlights: •Nuclear pore protein Nup98 is a novel binding partner of galectin-3. •Nup98 transports galectin-3 into cytoplasm. •Nup98 depletion leads to galectin-3 nuclear transport and induces growth retardation. •Nup98 may involve in ß-catenin pathway through interaction with galectin-3. -- Abstract: Nucleoporin Nup98 is a component of the nuclear pore complex, and is important in transport across the nuclear pore. Many studies implicate nucleoporin in cancer progression, but no direct mechanistic studies of its effect in cancer have been reported. We show here that Nup98 specifically regulates nucleus–cytoplasm transport of galectin-3, which is a ß-galactoside-binding protein that affects adhesion, migration, and cancer progression, and controls cell growth through the ß-catenin signaling pathway in cancer cells. Nup98 interacted with galectin-3 on the nuclear membrane, and promoted galectin-3 cytoplasmic translocation whereas other nucleoporins did not show these functions. Inversely, silencing of Nup98 expression by siRNA technique localized galectin-3 to the nucleus and retarded cell growth, which was rescued by Nup98 transfection. In addition, Nup98 RNA interference significantly suppressed downstream mRNA expression in the ß-catenin pathway, such as cyclin D1 and FRA-1, while nuclear galectin-3 binds to ß-catenin to inhibit transcriptional activity. Reduced expression of ß-catenin target genes is consistent with the Nup98 reduction and the galectin-3–nucleus translocation rate. Overall, the results show Nup98’s involvement in nuclear–cytoplasm translocation of galectin-3 and ß-catenin signaling pathway in regulating cell proliferation, and the results depicted here suggest a novel therapeutic target/modality for cancers.

The inter-arm diastolic blood pressure difference induced by one arm ischemia: a new approach to assess vascular endothelia function.

Science.gov (United States)

Hu, Weitong; Li, Juxiang; Su, Hai; Wang, Jiwei; Xu, Jinsong; Liu, Yanna; Huang, Ming; Cheng, Xiaoshu

2014-01-01

To evaluate whether inter-arm diastolic blood pressure difference (DBPl-r) induced by one arm ischemia correlates with flow-mediated dilatation (FMD). Bilateral arm BPs were simultaneously measured with two automatic devices and right brachial artery diameter (D) was measured by ultrasound technique in 108 subjects (56 hypertensives and 52 normotensives). Following baseline diameter (D0) and BP measurement, right brachial artery was occluded for 5 minutes. The diameter was measured at 1, 1.5 and 2 min, and bilateral BPs measured at 3, 4 and 5 min after occlusion release. Their averages were recorded as post-D and post-BP, respectively. The difference between post-D and D0 (ΔD) was calculated as the percentage increase of artery diameter (ΔD/D0). The BP difference between left and right arms was calculated as BPl-r, and the difference of post- BPl-r and baseline BPl-r was recorded as the net change of BPl-r (ΔBPl-r). At baseline, bilateral SBPs and DBPs were similar. Right arm ischemia induced significant DBP decline only in the right arm (68.8±12.7 vs 72.6±12.0 mmHg, Parm DBP difference induced by one arm ischemia may be a potential index for clinical evaluation of vascular endothelial function.

Robust coordinated control of a dual-arm space robot

Science.gov (United States)

Shi, Lingling; Kayastha, Sharmila; Katupitiya, Jay

2017-09-01

Dual-arm space robots are more capable of implementing complex space tasks compared with single arm space robots. However, the dynamic coupling between the arms and the base will have a serious impact on the spacecraft attitude and the hand motion of each arm. Instead of considering one arm as the mission arm and the other as the balance arm, in this work two arms of the space robot perform as mission arms aimed at accomplishing secure capture of a floating target. The paper investigates coordinated control of the base's attitude and the arms' motion in the task space in the presence of system uncertainties. Two types of controllers, i.e. a Sliding Mode Controller (SMC) and a nonlinear Model Predictive Controller (MPC) are verified and compared with a conventional Computed-Torque Controller (CTC) through numerical simulations in terms of control accuracy and system robustness. Both controllers eliminate the need to linearly parameterize the dynamic equations. The MPC has been shown to achieve performance with higher accuracy than CTC and SMC in the absence of system uncertainties under the condition that they consume comparable energy. When the system uncertainties are included, SMC and CTC present advantageous robustness than MPC. Specifically, in a case where system inertia increases, SMC delivers higher accuracy than CTC and costs the least amount of energy.

Bilateral movements increase sustained extensor force in the paretic arm.

Science.gov (United States)

Kang, Nyeonju; Cauraugh, James H

2018-04-01

Muscle weakness in the extensors poststroke is a common motor impairment. Unfortunately, research is unclear on whether bilateral movements increase extensor force production in the paretic arm. This study investigated sustained force production while stroke individuals maximally extended their wrist and fingers on their paretic arm. Specifically, we determined isometric force production in three conditions: (a) unilateral paretic arm, (b) unilateral nonparetic arm, and (c) bilateral (both arms executing the same movement simultaneously). Seventeen chronic stroke patients produced isometric sustained force by executing wrist and fingers extension in unilateral and bilateral contraction conditions. Mean force, force variability (coefficient of variation), and signal-to-noise ratio were calculated for each contraction condition. Analysis of two-way (Arm × Type of Condition: 2 × 2; Paretic or Nonparetic Arm × Unilateral or Bilateral Conditions) within-subjects ANOVAs revealed that the bilateral condition increased sustained force in the paretic arm, but reduced sustained force in the nonparetic arm. Further, although the paretic arm exhibited more force variability and less signal-to-noise ratio than the nonparetic arm during a unilateral condition, there were no differences when participants simultaneously executed isometric contractions with both arms. Our unique findings indicate that bilateral contractions transiently increased extensor force in the paretic arm. Implications for Rehabilitation Bilateral movements increased isometric wrsit extensor force in paretic arms and redcued force in nonparetic arms versus unilateral movements. Both paretic and nonparetic arms produced similar force variability and signal-to-noise ratio during bilateral movements. Increased sustained force in the paretic arm during the bilateral condition indicates that rehabilitation protocols based on bilateral movements may be beneficial for functional recovery.

Prognostic significance of between-arm blood pressure differences.

Science.gov (United States)

Agarwal, Rajiv; Bunaye, Zerihun; Bekele, Dagim M

2008-03-01

Blood pressure (BP) recordings often differ between arms, but the extent to which these differences are reproducible and whether the differences have prognostic importance is unknown. We enrolled 421 consecutive patients from a medicine and a renal clinic at a veterans' hospital. Three BP recordings were obtained in each arm using an oscillometric device in a sequential manner and repeated in 1 week. Patients were followed for all-cause mortality arm had 5.1-mm Hg higher systolic BP that attenuated by approximately 2.2 mm Hg a week later. Systolic BP dropped 6.9 mm Hg over 1 week and by an additional 5.3 mm Hg in patients with chronic kidney disease. Accounting for the visit and arm effect improved the reproducibility of the BP measurements. The intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.74, which improved to 0.88 after accounting for visit and 0.93 after accounting for arm. The crude mortality rate was 6.33 per 100 patient-years. Every 10-mm Hg difference in systolic BP between the arms conferred a mortality hazard of 1.24 (95% CI: 1.01 to 1.52) after adjusting for average systolic BP and chronic kidney disease. BP differences between arms are reproducible and carry prognostic information. Patients should have evaluation of BP in both arms at the screening visit.

Materials colloquium `96: Thermal insulation coatings. Thermally insulating coating systems for heavy-duty structural components in aerospace engineering and energy engineering; Werkstoff-Kolloquium `96: Waermedaemmschichten. Waermeisolierende Schichtsysteme fuer hoechstbelastete Strukturbauteile in der Luft- und Raumfahrt sowie der Energietechnik

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Peters, M.; Schulz, U.; Leushake, U.; Kaysser, W.A. [eds.

1996-12-31

The 15 contributions in this colloquium report document the current state of research and development in Germany in the field of thermally insulating layer structures for heavy-duty components like gas turbines. Five papers have been recorded separately in the ENERGY database. [Deutsch] Die 15 Beitraege in diesem Kolloquiumband dokumentieren den aktuellen Stand der Forschungs- und Entwicklungsarbeiten in Deutschland auf dem Gebiet der waermeisolierenden Schichtsysteme fuer hoechstbelastete Bauteile wie z.B. Gasturbinen. Fuer die Datenbank ENERGY wurden fuenf Artikel separat aufgenommen.

Nuclear Arms Race and Environment

OpenAIRE

Li, Anpeng

2012-01-01

This paper introduces a new factor, environment, into nuclear arms race model. In this model, nuclear weapons produce larger defense power compared with conventional arms, but hurt the environment meanwhile. In the global welfare maximum level, both conventional and nuclear weapons budget are zero. However, the competitive equilibrium may not achieve the optimum. I give the condition to jump out of the prisoner's dilemma.

Planet-driven Spiral Arms in Protoplanetary Disks. I. Formation Mechanism

Science.gov (United States)

Bae, Jaehan; Zhu, Zhaohuan

2018-06-01

Protoplanetary disk simulations show that a single planet can excite more than one spiral arm, possibly explaining the recent observations of multiple spiral arms in some systems. In this paper, we explain the mechanism by which a planet excites multiple spiral arms in a protoplanetary disk. Contrary to previous speculations, the formation of both primary and additional arms can be understood as a linear process when the planet mass is sufficiently small. A planet resonantly interacts with epicyclic oscillations in the disk, launching spiral wave modes around the Lindblad resonances. When a set of wave modes is in phase, they can constructively interfere with each other and create a spiral arm. More than one spiral arm can form because such constructive interference can occur for different sets of wave modes, with the exact number and launching position of the spiral arms being dependent on the planet mass as well as the disk temperature profile. Nonlinear effects become increasingly important as the planet mass increases, resulting in spiral arms with stronger shocks and thus larger pitch angles. This is found to be common for both primary and additional arms. When a planet has a sufficiently large mass (≳3 thermal masses for (h/r) p = 0.1), only two spiral arms form interior to its orbit. The wave modes that would form a tertiary arm for smaller mass planets merge with the primary arm. Improvements in our understanding of the formation of spiral arms can provide crucial insights into the origin of observed spiral arms in protoplanetary disks.

Confirmatory Factor Analysis of the Delirium Rating Scale Revised-98 (DRS-R98).

Science.gov (United States)

Thurber, Steven; Kishi, Yasuhiro; Trzepacz, Paula T; Franco, Jose G; Meagher, David J; Lee, Yanghyun; Kim, Jeong-Lan; Furlanetto, Leticia M; Negreiros, Daniel; Huang, Ming-Chyi; Chen, Chun-Hsin; Kean, Jacob; Leonard, Maeve

2015-01-01

Principal components analysis applied to the Delirium Rating Scale-Revised-98 contributes to understanding the delirium construct. Using a multisite pooled international delirium database, the authors applied confirmatory factor analysis to Delirium Rating Scale-Revised-98 scores from 859 adult patients evaluated by delirium experts (delirium, N=516; nondelirium, N=343). Confirmatory factor analysis found all diagnostic features and core symptoms (cognitive, language, thought process, sleep-wake cycle, motor retardation), except motor agitation, loaded onto factor 1. Motor agitation loaded onto factor 2 with noncore symptoms (delusions, affective lability, and perceptual disturbances). Factor 1 loading supports delirium as a single construct, but when accompanied by psychosis, motor agitation's role may not be solely as a circadian activity indicator.

Das migrationspolitische Feld der Schweiz: eine politikwissenschaftliche Analyse der Vernehmlassung zum Arbenzbericht

OpenAIRE

Mahnig, Hans

2007-01-01

Der Bericht, vom Bundesamt für Flüchtlinge (BFF) in Auftrag gegeben, stellt eine politikwissenschaftliche Analyse der Vernehmlassung zum Bericht Arbenz vom Mai 1995 dar, welche parallel zur Auswertung durch das BFF selbst unternommen wurde. Er hat zum Ziel, die zentralen Konflikt- und Konsensfelder in der gegenwärtigen migrationspolitischen Auseinandersetzung der Schweiz herauszuarbeiten. Die wichtigsten Resultate der Analyse sind die folgenden: Die Internationale Flüchtlingspolitik und die A...

Evaluation of arm-leg coordination in flat breaststroke.

Science.gov (United States)

Chollet, D; Seifert, L; Leblanc, H; Boulesteix, L; Carter, M

2004-10-01

This study proposes a new method to evaluate arm-leg coordination in flat breaststroke. Five arm and leg stroke phases were defined with a velocity-video system. Five time gaps quantified the time between arm and leg actions during three paces of a race (200 m, 100 m and 50 m) in 16 top level swimmers. Based on these time gaps, effective glide, effective propulsion, effective leg insweep and effective recovery were used to identify the different stroke phases of the body. A faster pace corresponded to increased stroke rate, decreased stroke length, increased propulsive phases, shorter glide phases, and a shorter T1 time gap, which measured the effective body glide. The top level swimmers showed short time gaps (T2, T3, T4, measuring the timing of arm-leg recoveries), which reflected the continuity in arm and leg actions. The measurement of these time gaps thus provides a pertinent evaluation of swimmers' skill in adapting their arm-leg coordination to biomechanical constraints.

Ray tracing reconstruction investigation for C-arm tomosynthesis

Science.gov (United States)

Malalla, Nuhad A. Y.; Chen, Ying

2016-04-01

C-arm tomosynthesis is a three dimensional imaging technique. Both x-ray source and the detector are mounted on a C-arm wheeled structure to provide wide variety of movement around the object. In this paper, C-arm tomosynthesis was introduced to provide three dimensional information over a limited view angle (less than 180o) to reduce radiation exposure and examination time. Reconstruction algorithms based on ray tracing method such as ray tracing back projection (BP), simultaneous algebraic reconstruction technique (SART) and maximum likelihood expectation maximization (MLEM) were developed for C-arm tomosynthesis. C-arm tomosynthesis projection images of simulated spherical object were simulated with a virtual geometric configuration with a total view angle of 40 degrees. This study demonstrated the sharpness of in-plane reconstructed structure and effectiveness of removing out-of-plane blur for each reconstruction algorithms. Results showed the ability of ray tracing based reconstruction algorithms to provide three dimensional information with limited angle C-arm tomosynthesis.

Identification of areas and time intervals for inservice inspections; Auswahl der Pruefbereiche und -intervalle fuer wiederkehrende Pruefungen

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Metzner, K J [Preussische Elektrizitaets-AG (Preussenelektra), Hannover (Germany); Herter, K H [Stuttgart Univ. (Germany). Staatliche Materialpruefungsanstalt; Schoeckle, F [Amtec Messtechnischer Service, Lauffen (Germany)

1998-11-01

von Schadensmechanismen), koennen die wiederkehrenden Pruefungen vorwiegend zielgerichtet hinsichtlich der Folgen dieser moeglichen Schadensmechanismen eingesetzt werden. Ist keine oder nur eine eingeschraenkte Ueberwachung vorhanden, sind die moeglichen Folgen eventuell bisher unbekannter Schadensmechanismen durch erweiterte und ggf. vagabundierende WKP-Massnahmen zu ueberpruefen. Fuer die Auswahl von Pruefbereichen und die Festlegung von Pruefintervallen ist die Verwendung der Auslegungsanalysen, in denen konservativ spezifizierte Belastungen und Lastfallhaeufigkeiten (fuer Betriebs- und Stoerfaelle) beruecksichtigt wurden, nicht geeignet. Es ist vielmehr von den `Ist-Beanspruchungen` aus dem bisherigen Betrieb in Verbindung mit der Kenntnis ueber die vorhandene `Istqualitaet` aus der Herstellung und der bisherigen Betriebszeit auszugehen. Die vorhandenen Unterlagen sind entsprechend aufzubereiten, so dass eine Grundlage fuer die Neubewertung der bisherigen ZfP-Massnahmen gegeben ist. (orig./MM)

Defining and comparing learning actions in two simulation modalities: students training on a latex arm and each other's arms.

Science.gov (United States)

Ravik, Monika; Havnes, Anton; Bjørk, Ida Torunn

2017-12-01

To explore, describe and compare learning actions that nursing students used during peripheral vein cannulation training on a latex arm or each other's arms in a clinical skills centre. Simulation-based training is thought to enhance learning and transfer of learning from simulation to the clinical setting and is commonly recommended in nursing education. What students actually are doing during simulation-based training is, however, less explored. The analysis of learning actions used during simulation-based training could contribute to development and improvement of simulation as a learning strategy in nursing education. A qualitative explorative and descriptive research design, involving content analysis of video recordings, was used. Video-supported observation of nine nursing students practicing vein cannulation was conducted in a clinical skills centre in late 2012. The students engaged in various learning actions. Students training on a latex arm used a considerably higher number of learning actions relative to those training on each other's arms. In both groups, students' learning actions consisted mainly of seeking and giving support. The teacher provided students training on each other's arms with detailed feedback regarding insertion of the cannula into the vein, while those training on a latex arm received sparse feedback from the teacher and fellow students. The teacher played an important role in facilitating nursing students' practical skill learning during simulation. The provision of support from both teachers and students should be emphasised to ensure that nursing students' learning needs are met. This study suggest that student nurses may be differently and inadequately prepared in peripheral vein cannulation in two simulation modalities used in the academic setting; training on a latex arm and on each other's arms. © 2017 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Tank 241-AP-106, Grab samples, 6AP-98-1, 6AP-98-2 and 6AP-98-3 Analytical results for the final report

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

FULLER, R.K.

1999-02-23

This document is the final report for tank 241-AP-106 grab samples. Three grab samples 6AP-98-1, 6AP-98-2 and 6AP-98-3 were taken from riser 1 of tank 241-AP-106 on May 28, 1998 and received by the 222-S Laboratory on May 28, 1998. Analyses were performed in accordance with the ''Compatability Grab Sampling and Analysis Plan'' (TSAP) (Sasaki, 1998) and the ''Data Quality Objectives for Tank Farms Waste Compatability Program (DQO). The analytical results are presented in the data summary report. No notification limits were exceeded. The request for sample analysis received for AP-106 indicated that the samples were polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) suspects. The results of this analysis indicated that no PCBs were present at the Toxic Substance Control Act (TSCA) regulated limit of 50 ppm. The results and raw data for the PCB analysis are included in this document.

Tank 241-AP-106, Grab samples, 6AP-98-1, 6AP-98-2 and 6AP-98-3 Analytical results for the final report

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

FULLER, R.K.

1999-01-01

This document is the final report for tank 241-AP-106 grab samples. Three grab samples 6AP-98-1, 6AP-98-2 and 6AP-98-3 were taken from riser 1 of tank 241-AP-106 on May 28, 1998 and received by the 222-S Laboratory on May 28, 1998. Analyses were performed in accordance with the ''Compatability Grab Sampling and Analysis Plan'' (TSAP) (Sasaki, 1998) and the ''Data Quality Objectives for Tank Farms Waste Compatability Program (DQO). The analytical results are presented in the data summary report. No notification limits were exceeded. The request for sample analysis received for AP-106 indicated that the samples were polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) suspects. The results of this analysis indicated that no PCBs were present at the Toxic Substance Control Act (TSCA) regulated limit of 50 ppm. The results and raw data for the PCB analysis are included in this document

45 CFR 98.3 - Effect on State law.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-10-01

... 45 Public Welfare 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Effect on State law. 98.3 Section 98.3 Public... Goals, Purposes and Definitions § 98.3 Effect on State law. (a) Nothing in the Act or this part shall be construed to supersede or modify any provision of a State constitution or State law that prohibits the...

Environmental policy. 2000 environmental expert opinion of the Council of Experimental Experts; Umweltpolitik. Umweltgutachten 2000 des Rates von Sachverstaendigen fuer Umweltfragen. Schritte ins naechste Jahrtausend. Kurzfassung

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2000-05-01

The reorientation of energy policy is a key issue. The Council of Environmental Experts considers the further use of atomic energy to be irresponsible and recommends a new orientation. Recommendations are made on ecology-centered taxation. Critical comments are made in the context of conservation of nature, where many species of plants and animals still continue to be endangered. The conservation programme of the Federal government, which also comprises a system of large, interconnected biotopes on 10% of Germany's total surface, is approved, and the potential contribution of sustainable agricultural and forestry policy is discussed in a separate chapter. Further subjects discussed are recycling and waste management, protection of water and soil, air pollution abatement, health protection and genetic engineering. The environmental aspects of Eastern European states becoming EC members are gone into in particular. The network of Europen Environmental Councils, for which the German Council of Environmental Experts currently acts as a coordinator, makes intensive efforts to improve environmental counselling in these states. [German] Eines der Schwerpunktthemen des Umweltgutachtens ist die Neuordnung der Energiepolitik. Der Umweltrat haelt die weitere Nutzung der Atomenergie vor allem wegen der Risiken der Entsorgung nicht fuer verantwortbar. Er befuerwortet die Einleitung einer Energiewende. Zur oekologischen Steuerreform werden weiterfuehrende Empfehlungen unterbreitet. An vielen Stellen nimmt der Rat die Umweltpolitik auch kritisch unter die Lupe. Er weist auf den hohen Handlungsbedarf im Naturschutz hin. Eine dauerhafte Trendwende beim Grad der Gefaehrdung heimischer Tier- und Pflanzenarten sei in Deutschland noch nicht erreicht. Der Rat bestaetigt in diesem Zusammenhang die naturschutzpolitische Konzeption der Bundesregierung fuer einen Naturschutz auf der ganzen Flaeche, kombiniert mit einem grossflaechigen Biotopverbundsystem auf 10% der Landesflaeche. Der

The environmental and radionuclide laboratory at VKTA Rossendorf; Das Labor fuer Umwelt- und Radionuklidanalytik im VKTA Rossendorf

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Koehler, M.; Knappik, R.; Gleisberg, B.; Schaefer, I.; Boden, W.; Bothe, M. [Verein fuer Kernverfahrenstechnik und Analytik Rossendorf e.V. (VKTA), Dresden (Germany)

2001-07-01

The VKTA provides environmental and radionuclide analyses for remediation and waste management tasks at the Rossendorf research site and for commercial clients as well. The analyses, the correlated valuations and calculations were used for the decommissioning of nuclear facilities, for the remediation of contaminated mining sites and for environmental investigations. The Laboratory for Environmental and Radionuclide Analytics is able to handle and analyse artificial and natural radionuclides in the range from 10{sup -3} Bq until 10{sup 9} Bq. Besides the used activity measurement techniques ({alpha}-particle and {gamma}-ray spectrometry, {beta}-counting), which were also applied after radiochemical separations, mass-spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma provides analytical results for long-lived radionuclides and isotopic ratios very effective. The capability of the laboratory is demonstrated by selected applications. (orig.) [German] Der VKTA fuehrt im Rahmen seiner Rueckbau- und Entsorgungsaufgaben am Forschungsstandort Rossendorf und fuer externe Auftraggeber Umwelt- und Radionuklidanalysen als komplexe Dienstleistung durch. Die Analysen und die damit in Zusammenhang stehenden Bewertungen und Modellrechnungen finden beim Rueckbau kerntechnischer Anlagen, bei der Sanierung von Uranbergbau-Altlasten und im Umweltbereich Verwendung. Im Labor fuer Umwelt- und Radionuklidanalytik werden Proben mit kuenstlichen und natuerlichen Radionukliden im typischen Aktivitaetsbereich von 10{sup -3} Bq bis 10{sup 9} Bq bearbeitet und analysiert. Neben den Aktivitaetsmessverfahren ({alpha}-, {beta}-, {gamma}-Spektrometrie), die auch nach radiochemischen Trennungen eingesetzt werden, kommen massenspektrometrische Verfahren bei der Analyse langlebiger Radionuklide bzw. Isotopenverhaeltnisse zum Einsatz. Das Leistungsspektrum des Labors wird durch ausgewaehlte Applikationen belegt. (orig.)

SINTAP: draft of a unified European failure assessment procedure. An introduction; SINTAP: Entwurf einer vereinheitlichten europaeischen Fehlerbewertungsprozedur. Eine Einfuehrung

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Zerbst, U.; Kocak, M. [GKSS-Forschungszentrum Geesthacht GmbH (Germany). Inst. fuer Werkstofforschung; Wiesner, C. [The Welding Institute (TWI), Cambridge (United Kingdom). Structural Integrity Dept.; Hodulak, L. [Fraunhofer-Institut fuer Werkstoffmechanik (IWM), Freiburg im Breisgau (Germany)

1999-07-01

Fracture mechanics based flaw assessment concepts are increasingly used in industrial regulations and standards. A considerable number of different guidelines and procedures are available which are partly based on each other but also exhibit significant differences. At this background, the EU sponsored SINTAP, an interdisciplinary Brite Euram project. SINTAP stands for 'Structural Integrity Assessment Procedures for European Industry'. From 1996 to 1999 seventeen organisations from nine European countries participated in the project the aim of which was to unify the available procedures. The present report is an introduction into the content, the structure and the scientific background of the procedure which was generated within SINTAP. (orig.) [German] Bruchmechanische Bewertungskonzepte werden international in zunehmendem Masse Bestandteil industrieller Regelwerke und Fachbereichsstandards. Bereits heute existiert eine Vielzahl derartiger Vorschriften und Rechnerprogramme, die teilweise aufeinander aufbauen, teilweise aber auch signifikante Unterschiede aufweisen. Vor diesem Hintergrund wurde durch die EU von 1996 bis 1999 SINTAP, ein interdisziplinaeres Brite-Euram-Projekt gefoerdert, dessen Ziel in einer Vereinheitlichung der vorhandenen Ansaetze bestand, und an dem siebzehn Institutionen aus neun europaeischen Laendern beteiligt waren. SINTAP steht fuer 'Structural Integrity Assessment Procedures for European Industry'. Der vorliegende Bericht ist eine Einfuehrung in Inhalt, Struktur und wissenschaftlichen Hintergrund der im Ergebnis des Projektes entstandenen SINTAP-Prozedur. (orig.)

Vehicle based localization system for locomotives on the base of slip depending distance measurment; Fahrzeugautarkes Ortungssystem fuer Lokomotiven auf der Basis schlupfbehafteter Wegmessung

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Scholz, C.

2003-07-01

effizienter zu nutzen und ihre Leistungen zu verbessern. Essentielle Voraussetzung fuer fast jede telematische Anwendung ist eine Fahrzeugortung. Der vermehrte Einsatz der Telematik bewirkt einen steigenden Bedarf an Ortungssystemen. Hohe Investitionen und zunehmender Kostendruck verhindern jedoch haeufig die Installation einer leistungsfaehigen Ortung. Im Rahmen der vorliegenden Arbeit wurde ein fahrzeugautarkes Ortungssystem fuer Lokomotiven entwickelt und erprobt. Das System arbeitet auf der Basis einer schlupfbehafteten Wegmessung an den Treibachsen, das den Schlupf in Abhaengigkeit der momentanen Zugkraft und Geschwindigkeit abschaetzt und korrigiert. Die Besonderheit dieses Systems ist, dass es im Wesentlichen mit der auf den Lokomotiven der Deutschen Bahn serienmaessig vorhandenen Infrastruktur auskommt. Das System koennte folglich schnell und kostenguenstig auf allen Fahrzeugen der Deutschen Bahn installiert werden. Das Ortungssystem wurde im Rahmen eines einjaehrigen Pilotbetriebs fuer die Steuerung der computergestuetzten Energiesparenden Fahrweise (ESF) der Deutschen Bahn getestet. Auf diese Weise konnte eine wesentliche Reduzierung des schlupfbedingten Wegmessfehlers im regulaeren Fahrplan-Betrieb experimentell nachgewiesen werden, so dass eine breite Nutzung fuer nicht-sicherheitsrelevante Anwendungen denkbar ist. Die schriftliche Ausarbeitung gibt einen Ueberblick ueber wichtige Begriffe und Aspekte der Ortung und der Kraftschluss-Schlupf-Charakteristik bei Schienenfahrzeugen. Es erfolgt die Beschreibung der Entwicklung und Erprobung des Ortungssystems. Die Auswertung der Messungen und die daraus resultierende Ortungsgenauigkeit des Systems zeigen die Eignung des Systems fuer eine betriebliche Ortung mittlerer Genauigkeit im Schienenverkehr. (orig.)

Kinematic decomposition and classification of octopus arm movements.

Science.gov (United States)

Zelman, Ido; Titon, Myriam; Yekutieli, Yoram; Hanassy, Shlomi; Hochner, Binyamin; Flash, Tamar

2013-01-01

The octopus arm is a muscular hydrostat and due to its deformable and highly flexible structure it is capable of a rich repertoire of motor behaviors. Its motor control system uses planning principles and control strategies unique to muscular hydrostats. We previously reconstructed a data set of octopus arm movements from records of natural movements using a sequence of 3D curves describing the virtual backbone of arm configurations. Here we describe a novel representation of octopus arm movements in which a movement is characterized by a pair of surfaces that represent the curvature and torsion values of points along the arm as a function of time. This representation allowed us to explore whether the movements are built up of elementary kinematic units by decomposing each surface into a weighted combination of 2D Gaussian functions. The resulting Gaussian functions can be considered as motion primitives at the kinematic level of octopus arm movements. These can be used to examine underlying principles of movement generation. Here we used combination of such kinematic primitives to decompose different octopus arm movements and characterize several movement prototypes according to their composition. The representation and methodology can be applied to the movement of any organ which can be modeled by means of a continuous 3D curve.

Star distribution in the Orion spiral arm

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Basharina, T.S.; Pavlovskaya, E.D.; Filippova, A.A.

1985-01-01

The structure of the Orion spiral arm is studied by numerical experiments, assuming that in each direction considered the star distribution along the line of sight is a combination of two Gaussian laws. The corresponding parameters are evaluated for four Milky Way fields; the bimodal laws now fit the observations by the chi 2 criterion. In the Orion arm the line-of-sight star densities follow asymmetric curves, steeper at the outer edge of the arm

ARM Unmanned Aerial Systems Implementation Plan

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Schmid, Beat [Pacific Northwest National Lab. (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States); Ivey, Mark [Sandia National Lab. (SNL-NM), Albuquerque, NM (United States)

2016-11-01

Recent advances in Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS) coupled with changes in the regulatory environment for operations of UAS in the National Airspace increase the potential value of UAS to the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Climate Research Facility. UAS include unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) and tethered balloon systems (TBS). The roles UAVs and TBSs could play within the ARM Facility, particularly science questions they could help address, have been discussed in several workshops, reports, and vision documents, including: This document describes the implementation of a robust and vigorous program for use of UAV and TBS for the science missions ARM supports.

Passive detection of nuclear-armed SLCMs

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sagdeev, R.Z.; Prilutsky, O.F.; Frolov, V.A.

1992-01-01

Effective procedures have been developed, using national technical measures (photoreconnaissance satellites, radiointercept stations, etc.), for verification of reductions in land-based intercontinental ballistic missiles, such as marine-based ballistic missiles, and strategic bombers. However, there is agreement on procedures for verifying limitations of numbers of long-range nuclear-armed cruise missiles. The difficulties in developing such procedures are sometimes regarded (by opponents of nuclear disarmament) as a reason why cruise missiles based on ships and submarines ought not to be limited by future arms-reduction treaties. This paper considers the detectability of nuclear-armed cruise missiles through the penetrating radiation emitted spontaneously from their warheads

Control of octopus arm extension by a peripheral motor program.

Science.gov (United States)

Sumbre, G; Gutfreund, Y; Fiorito, G; Flash, T; Hochner, B

2001-09-07

For goal-directed arm movements, the nervous system generates a sequence of motor commands that bring the arm toward the target. Control of the octopus arm is especially complex because the arm can be moved in any direction, with a virtually infinite number of degrees of freedom. Here we show that arm extensions can be evoked mechanically or electrically in arms whose connection with the brain has been severed. These extensions show kinematic features that are almost identical to normal behavior, suggesting that the basic motor program for voluntary movement is embedded within the neural circuitry of the arm itself. Such peripheral motor programs represent considerable simplification in the motor control of this highly redundant appendage.

Technology and the arms race

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

MacKenzie, D.

1988-01-01

This article makes a review of the book Innovation and the Arms Race: How the United States and the Soviet Union Develop New Military Technologies written by Matthew Evangelista. For at least the last two decades, scholars have struggled to come to grips with the role of technological change in the arms race. Possible relationships between theories on technology and politics are examined. The contrasts between U.S. and Soviet approaches are highlighted

Optimizing Armed Forces Capabilities for Hybrid Warfare – New Challenge for Slovak Armed Forces

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Peter PINDJÁK

2015-09-01

Full Text Available The paper deals with the optimization of military capabilities of the Slovak Armed Forces for conducting operations in a hybrid conflict, which represents one of the possible scenarios of irregular warfare. Whereas in the regular warfare adversaries intend to eliminate the centers of gravity of each other, most often command and control structures, in irregular conflicts, the center of gravity shifts towards the will and cognitive perception of the target population. Hybrid warfare comprises a thoroughly planned combination of conventional military approaches and kinetic operations with subversive, irregular activities, including information and cyber operations. These efforts are often accompanied by intensified activities of intelligence services, special operation forces, and even mercenary and other paramilitary groups. The development of irregular warfare capabilities within the Slovak Armed Forces will require a progressive transformation process that may turn the armed forces into a modern and adaptable element of power, capable of deployment in national and international crisis management operations.

Electric Co'Co' bi-voltage locomotive class EG 3100 of DSB; Co'Co'-Zweifrequenzlokomotive EG 3100 fuer Danske Statsbaner

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Pedersen, B.O. [DSB Materiel Technik, Copenhagen (Denmark); Joergensen, O.A. [Siemens AG, Erlangen (Germany). Abt. VT 62; Proell, J. [Siemens AG, Muenchen (Germany). Abt. VT 68

2000-12-01

DSB has purchased a series of heavy electric locomotives for hauling transit freight trains between Central Europe and Scandinavia. Demands, basic features and technical components are described in detail. (orig.) [German] Fuer den Transitgueterverkehr zwischen Mitteleuropa und Skandinavien hat Danske Statsbaner eine Serie schwerer elektrischer Lokomotiven beschafft. Die Anforderungen, das Grundkonzept und die technischen Komponenten werden ausfuehrlich beschrieben. (orig.)

Electric Co'Co' bi-voltage locomotive class EG 3100 of DSB; Co'Co'-Zweifrequenzlokomotive EG 3100 fuer Danske Statsbaner

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Pedersen, B.O. [DSB Materiel Technik, Copenhagen (Denmark); Joergensen, O.A. [Siemens AG, Erlangen (Germany). Abt. VT 62; Proell, G. [Siemens AG, Muenchen (Germany). Abt. VT 68

2001-07-01

DSB has purchased a series of heavy electric locomotives for hauling transit freight trains between Central Europe and Scandinavia. Demands, basic features and technical components are described in detail. (orig.) [German] Fuer den Transitgueterverkehr zwischen Mitteleuropa und Skandinavien hat Danske Statsbaner eine Serie schwerer elektrischer Lokomotiven beschafft. Die Anforderungen, das Grundkonzept und die technischen Komponenten werden ausfuehrlich beschrieben. (orig.)

Determination of the agricultural and process-related boundary conditions for the use of rapeseed oil and its refinery products as motor fuel. Final report; Ermittlung der landwirtschaftlichen, prozesstechnischen und verfahrenstechnischen Rahmenbedingungen fuer die Verwendung von Rapsoel und seiner Umwandlungsprodukte als Kraftstoff. Schlussbericht

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Schliephake, D; Hacker, C M

1994-11-01

The use of rapeseed oil as a motor fuel is viewed from various angles: Production aspects; environmental aspects; marketing aspects in agriculture; business management aspects in the Federal Republic of Germany; production and refining of rapeseed oil; use of rapeseed oil methyl ester as diesel fuel and in mineral oil processing plants; engine performance. (orig./SR) [Deutsch] In dem vorliegenden Bericht wird der Einsatz von Rapsoel als Kraftstoff aus verschiedenen Blickwinkeln betrachtet: Produktionsaspekte, Umweltaspekte, marktwirtschaftliche Aspekte in der Landwirtschaft; betriebswirtschaftliche Aspekte in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland; Herstellung und Raffination von Rapsoel; Einsatz von Rapsoelmethylester als Dieselkraftstoff und in Anlagen der Mineraloelverarbeitung; Motortechnische Untersuchungsergebnisse. (orig./SR)

Amended EC Directive on the limitation of emissions of certain pollutants into the air from large combustion plants. Implications for German power plants; Neue EG-Richtlinie fuer Grossfeuerungsanlagen. Folgerungen fuer deutsche Kraftwerke

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hildebrand, M. [Verband der Elektrizitaetswirtschaft - VDEW - e.V., Frankfurt (Germany). Bereich Recht und Umwelt

2002-03-11

The article highlights the major improvements in terms of reducing emissions from large combustion plants, comparing the new limiting values and specifications with those of the former Directive. As Germany is obliged to transform the new EC Directive into national law within twelve months from its entry into force, an amendment of the respective German regulation can be expected soon. (orig./CB) [German] Mit der im Herbst 2001 durch das Europaeische Parlament und den Umweltministerrat verabschiedeten Novelle der Grossfeuerungsanlagen-Richtlinie hat die Europaeische Union einen markanten, laengst ueberfaelligen Schritt zur EU-weiten Angleichung der emissionsseitigen Anforderungen an grosse Feuerungsanlagen unternommen. Mit dem Inkrafttreten der novellierten Grossfeuerungsanlagen-Richtlinie wurde aber auch der formale Anstoss fuer eine Aktualisierung der deutschen Grossfeuerungsanlagen-Verordnung (13.BImSchV) gegeben. (orig./CB)

Transformation strategies for multi-utility companies; Transformationsstrategien fuer Multi Utility-Unternehmen

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Apking, W.; Bosse, F.; Kroepelin, C.; Schaudinn, D.; Uhlmann, K. [PriceWaterhouseCoopers Unternehmensberatung GmbH, Hamburg (Germany)

2000-05-01

Energy supply companies (resellers) and electric utilities as traders in the liberalized markets increasingly focus their activities on their core businesses and offer their capabilites also in other branches of industry, thus achieving synergistic effects. The evolution of e-commerce in the energy supply sector in Germany is described in this article, and recommendations are given to companies as to suitable change management strategies for successful marketing and procurement via the world wide web, using IP technologies as a basis for transactions. (CB) [German] Energieversorgungsunternehmen (EVU) besinnen sich auf ihre Kernkompetenzen, bieten diese auch in anderen Branchen an und erzielen damit Synergieeffekte. Ein weiterer Aspekt ist die zunehmende Vernetzung der europaeischen Stromnetze. Die Konvergenz der Maerkte wird ferner durch den Einsatz von IP(Internet-Protokoll)-Technologien vorangetrieben, da das Internet eine Informations- und Transaktionsplattform fuer saemtliche Marktteilnehmer schafft. Welche diesbezueglichen Transformationsstrategien von den EVU bereits heute zu ergreifen sind, wird anschaulich aus einem hierzu entwickelten Modell abgeleitet. (orig./CB)

Simple model of the arms race

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zane, L.I.

1982-01-01

A simple model of a two-party arms race is developed based on the principle that the race will continue so long as either side can unleash an effective first strike against the other side. The model is used to examine how secrecy, the ABM, MIRV-ing, and an MX system affect the arms race

Kinematic decomposition and classification of octopus arm movements

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ido eZelman

2013-05-01

Full Text Available The octopus arm is a muscular hydrostat and due to its deformable and highly flexible structure it is capable of a rich repertoire of motor behaviors. Its motor control system uses planning principles and control strategies unique to muscular hydrostats. We previously reconstructed a data set of octopus arm movements from records of natural movements using a sequence of 3D curves describing the virtual backbone of arm configurations. Here we describe a novel representation of octopus arm movements in which a movement is characterized by a pair of surfaces that represent the curvature and torsion values of points along the arm as a function of time. This representation allowed us to explore whether the movements are built up of elementary kinematic units by decomposing each surface into a weighted combination of 2D Gaussian functions. The resulting Gaussian functions can be considered as motion primitives at the kinematic level of octopus arm movements. These can be used to examine underlying principles of movement generation. Here we used combination of such kinematic primitives to decompose different octopus arm movements and characterize several movement prototypes according to their composition. The representation and methodology can be applied to the movement of any organ which can be modeled by means of a continuous 3D curve.

Interventional magnetic resonance imaging - non-invasive imaging for interventions; Interventionelle Magnetresonanztomographie - nichtinvasive Bildgebung fuer Interventionen

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Buecker, A.; Adam, G.; Neuerburg, J.M.; Glowinski, A.; Tacke, J.; Guenther, R.W. [Technische Hochschule Aachen (Germany). Medizinische Fakultaet

2000-02-01

As a prerequisite for MR-guidance of interventional procedures, instruments have to be well depicted in the MR image without obscuring or distorting the underlying anatomy. For non-vascular interventions the imaging speed has to be in the range of seconds while control of vascular interventions requires real time imaging speed. The imaging contrast has to be maintained as well as a high spatial resolution. Furthermore, sufficient patient access has to be provided by the MR scanner. Neither an ideal magnet nor the optimal single sequence are available to fulfill the above-mentioned criteria. The type of sequence - gradient echo versus spin echo - together with changing of the echo time and phase encording direction will ensure an appropriate size of the artifact and thereby of the appearance of the instrument in the MR image. The feasibility of non-vascular MR-guided interventions has been proved at field strengths ranging from 0.064 T to 1.5 T. Bone biopsies, soft tissue biopsies, drainages, and control of interstitial thermo- and cryotherapy have been reported. For vascular interventions, different real time MR strategies are currently under investigation. The development of dedicated catheters and guide wires has enabled MR-guided dilatations, stenting, placement of vena cava filters, and TIPS procedures. Considering the fast progress being made in this field, there can be no question that interventional MRI will become a well-accepted clinical tool offering potential advantages such as excellent soft tissue contrast, multiplanar imaging, flow measurements, high resolution imaging of vessel walls, and lack of ionizing radiation. (orig.) [German] Zur Durchfuehrung MR-gesteuerter Interventionen muessen interventionelle Instrumente gut sichtbar, aber ohne stoerende Artefakte darstellbar sein. Die Geschwindigkeit der Bilderstellung sollte fuer nichtvaskulaere Interventionen im Sekundenbereich liegen und fuer vaskulaere Interventionen Echtzeitbildgebung liefern. Weder

ATLAS software stack on ARM64

CERN Document Server

Smith, Joshua Wyatt; The ATLAS collaboration

2016-01-01

The ATLAS experiment explores new hardware and software platforms that, in the future, may be more suited to its data intensive workloads. One such alternative hardware platform is the ARM architecture, which is designed to be extremely power efficient and is found in most smartphones and tablets. CERN openlab recently installed a small cluster of ARM 64-bit evaluation prototype servers. Each server is based on a single-socket ARM 64-bit system on a chip, with 32 Cortex-A57 cores. In total, each server has 128 GB RAM connected with four fast memory channels. This paper reports on the port of the ATLAS software stack onto these new prototype ARM64 servers. This included building the "external" packages that the ATLAS software relies on. Patches were needed to introduce this new architecture into the build as well as patches that correct for platform specific code that caused failures on non-x86 architectures. These patches were applied such that porting to further platforms will need no or only very little adj...

Accuracy of x-ray image-based 3D localization from two C-arm views: a comparison between an ideal system and a real device

Science.gov (United States)

Brost, Alexander; Strobel, Norbert; Yatziv, Liron; Gilson, Wesley; Meyer, Bernhard; Hornegger, Joachim; Lewin, Jonathan; Wacker, Frank

2009-02-01

arm X-ray imaging devices are commonly used for minimally invasive cardiovascular or other interventional procedures. Calibrated state-of-the-art systems can, however, not only be used for 2D imaging but also for three-dimensional reconstruction either using tomographic techniques or even stereotactic approaches. To evaluate the accuracy of X-ray object localization from two views, a simulation study assuming an ideal imaging geometry was carried out first. This was backed up with a phantom experiment involving a real C-arm angiography system. Both studies were based on a phantom comprising five point objects. These point objects were projected onto a flat-panel detector under different C-arm view positions. The resulting 2D positions were perturbed by adding Gaussian noise to simulate 2D point localization errors. In the next step, 3D point positions were triangulated from two views. A 3D error was computed by taking differences between the reconstructed 3D positions using the perturbed 2D positions and the initial 3D positions of the five points. This experiment was repeated for various C-arm angulations involving angular differences ranging from 15° to 165°. The smallest 3D reconstruction error was achieved, as expected, by views that were 90° degrees apart. In this case, the simulation study yielded a 3D error of 0.82 mm +/- 0.24 mm (mean +/- standard deviation) for 2D noise with a standard deviation of 1.232 mm (4 detector pixels). The experimental result for this view configuration obtained on an AXIOM Artis C-arm (Siemens AG, Healthcare Sector, Forchheim, Germany) system was 0.98 mm +/- 0.29 mm, respectively. These results show that state-of-the-art C-arm systems can localize instruments with millimeter accuracy, and that they can accomplish this almost as well as an idealized theoretical counterpart. High stereotactic localization accuracy, good patient access, and CT-like 3D imaging capabilities render state-of-the-art C-arm systems ideal devices for X

Does "hidden undercuffing" occur among obese patients? Effect of arm sizes and other predictors of the difference between wrist and upper arm blood pressures.

Science.gov (United States)

Doshi, Hardik; Weder, Alan B; Bard, Robert L; Brook, Robert D

2010-02-01

Arm size can affect the accuracy of blood pressure (BP) measurement, and "undercuffing" of large upper arms is likely to be a growing problem. Therefore, the authors investigated the relationship between upper arm and wrist readings. Upper arm and wrist circumferences and BP were measured in 261 consecutive patients. Upper arm auscultation and wrist BP was measured in triplicate, rotating measurements every 30 seconds between sites. Upper arm BP was 131.9+/-20.6/71.6+/-12.6 mm Hg in an obese population (body mass index, 30.6+/-6.6 kg/m(2)) with mean upper arm size of 30.7+/-5.1 cm. Wrist BP was higher (2.6+/-9.2 mm Hg and 4.9+/-6.6 mm Hg, respectively, PBlood Pressure (JNC 7) strata (kappa value=0.27-0.71), and the difference was >or=5 mm Hg in 72% of the patients. The authors conclude that there was poor concordance between arm and wrist BP measurement and found no evidence that "hidden undercuffing" was associated with obesity; therefore, they do not support routine use of wrist BP measurements.

Arms control, nonproliferation, and US national security

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Pilat, J.F.

1985-01-01

The continuation of the arms race and the failure of arms control and disarmament negotiations lend support to the belief that US and Soviet power, prestige, and security depend upon nuclear weapons. Therefore, the argument goes, the non-nuclear-weapon states (particularly those that are not allied with nuclear-weapon states and do not share their nuclear shield) may conclude that they would be well served by possession of these weapons. In this sense, the failure of nuclear arms reductions could create incentives for further proliferation

To Arm or Not to Arm: The Case Against Arming Vietnam and the Philippines

Science.gov (United States)

2015-04-13

designed to allay 9 Leaf (accessed Oct 24, 2014). 10 Ankit Panda , “What to Expect if the U.S. Lifts...their animated populations. Despite the rhetoric, no ideology or nation is monolithic, thus opportunities exist to improve the U.S.-Sino...Joint Forces Quarterly 2 (2014): 76-80. Panda , Ankit. “What to Expect if the U.S. Lifts Its Vietnam Arms Embargo.” The Diplomat. September 29

Research parallel to 'Solarthermie 2000'. Development of a standardized acceptance test for industrial-scale solar thermal systems. Final report; Begleitforschung Solarthermie 2000. Entwicklung eines standardisierten Abnahmeverfahrens fuer solarthermische Grossanlagen. Abschlussbericht

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Beikircher, T.; Benz, N.; Gut, M.; Schwenk, C.; Schoelkopf, W.

2000-02-01

First, a simple and efficient tool for projecting solar thermal power systems was to be developed by ITW Stuttgart (see separate ITW Stuttgart report). Parallel to this, a fast and simple method was to be developed for in-situ assessment or the annual yield of such systems, with a maximum error of 5 percent. The following steps were taken: 1. Development of a measuring system for the task; 2. Selection of methods of evaluation for the dynamic in situ short-term test; 3. Development and testing of the method in several industrial-scale systems and validation by comparison with the results of conventional measurements. The dynamic in situ short-term test method developed on this basis consists of six steps which are described in the report. The measuring accuracy depends on the correct function of the plant. [German] Zunaechst sollte fuer solarthermische Grossanlagen ein Katalog standardisierter Anlagenkonfigurationen erstellt und anschliessend in die gaengigen Planungswerkzeuge TRNSYS und TSOL uebertragen werden, um Planern ein einfaches und leistungsfaehiges Werkzeug zur Auslegung und zur Berechnung des GSR zur Verfuegung zu stellen. Damit sollen Planungsfehler aufgrund fehlender Erfahrung mit Solaranlagen vermieden und ein Standard fuer innovative Anlagenkonzepte verbreitet werden. Dieser Arbeitspunkt wurde ausschliesslich durch das ITW Stuttgart bearbeitet, siehe separater Berichtsteil des ITW Stuttgart. Parallel dazu war ein Testverfahren zu entwickeln, mit dem der Jahresertrag grosser thermischer Solaranlagen in situ, d.h. an der installierten Anlage vor Ort, ohne Eingriff in die Anlage, um die Gewaehrleistungspflicht des Anlagenbauers zu erhalten, auf 5% genau, um ein klares juristisches Kriterium fuer die Feststellung einer etwaigen Nachbesserungspflicht des Erbauers zu haben, kostenguenstig und in kurzer Zeit (maximal 6 Wochen) bestimmt werden kann. Hierzu waren folgende Arbeiten notwendig: 1. Entwicklung einer an die Aufgabenstellung angepassten Messtechnik

Basic methodology of tomographic imaging by filtered inverse projection at a turbo-pump. Project report; Methodische Grundlagen fuer die Tomographie durch gefilterte Rueckprojektion an einer Axialpumpe. Projektbericht

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hoppe, D.

2000-11-01

A two-phase medium consisting of a fluid containing gas is transported in a turbo-pump via an impeller. The interaction between the gaseous phase and the impeller is to be examined by tomography with gamma rays. Reconstruction of the image of the object is to be made by way of filtered inverse projection. The methodology of using this principle in the given system (geometry and measuring conditions) is explained. (orig./CB) [German] Ein zweiphasiges, aus einer gashaltigen Fluessigkeit bestehendes Medium wird in einer Axialpumpe von einem propellerartigen Laufrad senkrecht zur Drehachse dieses Laufrades transportiert. Die Wechselwirkung zwischen der Gasphase und dem Laufrad soll unter Verwendung von Gamma-Strahlung mittels Tomographie untersucht werden. Dabei ist fuer die Rekonstruktion des Objektbildes das Prinzip der sogenannten gefilterten Rueckprojektion vorgesehen. Die methodischen Grundlagen fuer die Nutzung dieses Prinzips unter von vorgesehenen geometrischen und messtechnischen Bedingungen sind Gegenstand dieser Arbeit. (orig.)

40 CFR 98.414 - Monitoring and QA/QC requirements.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 20 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Monitoring and QA/QC requirements. 98.414 Section 98.414 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) MANDATORY GREENHOUSE GAS REPORTING Suppliers of Industrial Greenhouse Gases § 98.414 Monitoring...

40 CFR 98.415 - Procedures for estimating missing data.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 20 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Procedures for estimating missing data. 98.415 Section 98.415 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) MANDATORY GREENHOUSE GAS REPORTING Suppliers of Industrial Greenhouse Gases § 98.415...

40 CFR 98.196 - Data reporting requirements.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 20 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Data reporting requirements. 98.196 Section 98.196 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS... use in a purification process). If CO2 was used on-site, provide the information in paragraphs (b)(17...

Stellar complexes in spiral arms of galaxies

Science.gov (United States)

Efremov, Yu. N.

The history of the introduction and development of the star complexes conception is briefly described. These large groups of stars were picked out and named as such ones in our Galaxy with argumentation and evidence for their physical unity (using the Cepheid variables the distances and ages of which are easy determined from their periods); anyway earlier the complexes were noted along the spiral arms of the Andromeda galaxy, but were not recognized as a new kind of star group. The chains of complexes along the spiral arms are observed quite rarely; their origin is explained by magneto- gravitational or purely gravitational instability developing along the arm. It is not clear why these chains are quite a rare phenomenon - and more so why sometimes the regular chain of complexes are observed in one arm only. Probably intergalactic magnetic field participated in formation of such chains. Apart from the complexes located along the arms, there are isolated giant complexes known (up to 700 pc in diameter) which look like super-gigantic but rather rarefied globular clusters. Until now only two of these formations are studied, in NGC 6946 and M51.

42 CFR 482.98 - Condition of participation: Human resources.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-10-01

... 42 Public Health 5 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Condition of participation: Human resources. 482.98 Section 482.98 Public Health CENTERS FOR MEDICARE & MEDICAID SERVICES, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN... Specialty Hospitals Transplant Center Process Requirements § 482.98 Condition of participation: Human...

Excitation functions of the 98Mo+d reactions

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zarubin, P.P.; Padalko, V.Yu.; Khrisanfov, Yu.V.; Lebedev, P.P.; Podkopaev, Yu.N.

The excitation functions of the 98 Mo+d reactions were studied. The energy dependence of (d,p),(d,n) and (d,α) reactions was investigated by the activation analysis. The energies of deuterons in the range (6-12) MeV were determined by means of the aluminium filters. 98 Mo foils with surface densities of 1.02, 0.23 and 0.14 mgxcm -2 with 98 Mo enrichment of 94.1% were used as targets. The gamma spectra were measured by a Ge(Li) detector. The 98 Mo(d,p) 99 Mo reaction excitation function was determined via detection of 739 and 181 keV γ-radiation of 99 Mo (Tsub(1/2)=66.47h); 140 keV γ-radiation of 99 Tc (Tsub(1/2)=6h) was detected for the 98 Mo(d,n) 99 Tc reaction excitation function determination and 460, 568, 1091, 1200 and 1492 keV γ-quanta of 96 Nb (Tsub(1/2)=23.35h) - for the 98 Mo(d,α) 96 Nb reaction. In the excitation function the wide extremum was observed at Esub(d) approximately 10 MeV. The ratio of cross sections σsup(m)(d,n)/σ(d,p) on the 98 Mo target was determined. The ratio σsup(m)(d,n)/σ(d,p) was found to be decreasing function of the deuteron energy. The relative cross sections were determined with an accuracy of +-5%, while for the absolute values of cross sections the accuracy was +-15%

Changing patterns of arms transfers

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wulf, H.

1998-01-01

Three factors in the international system have been of importance for the trade of arms: the role of the main actors on the supply side and since 1970 on the demand side, the permanently increasing importance of economics, and the balance trade, industrial capacity and jobs in supplier countries and purchasing power of potential importers. Two political events in 1991 had lasting effect on the development of the trade in arms: the dissolution of Soviet Union and the Gulf War

Driving pockels cells in multi-arm lasers

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Carder, B.M.

1978-01-01

This paper describes the method used to drive Pockels cells on the 20-arm Shiva laser for inertial confinement fusion research at the Lawrence Livermore Laboratory. Shiva became operational last fall, and has just completed a series of 20-arm target shots. It uses two pockels cell gates in each laser arm for suppression of amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) that can damage or destroy the target before the main pulse arrives. Two additional Pockels cells are used in the preamplification stages, so that a total of 42 cells must be driven by the pulser system

45 CFR 98.13 - Applying for Funds.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-10-01

... General Application Procedures § 98.13 Applying for Funds. The Lead Agency of a State or Territory shall... lobbying payments; (3) An assurance that the Lead Agency provides a drug-free workplace pursuant to 45 CFR... in § 98.17; and (d) Such other information as specified by the Secretary. ...

7 CFR 1786.98 - Discounted present value.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 12 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Discounted present value. 1786.98 Section 1786.98... Discounted present value. (a) The Discounted Present Value shall be calculated by RUS before prepayment is made by summing the present values of all remaining payments on all outstanding notes according to the...

Database for 'Environment 2000' environment presentation for EXPO 2000. Appendix 1 and 2: experimental data; Informationsgrundlage fuer das Umweltpraesentationssystem des BMU 'Umwelt 2000 im Rahmen des Teilvorhabens 2 des Globalansatzes Expo 2000'. Mit Anhang 1 und 2: 1. Katalog zur konsistenten Vorgehensweise bei der Erfassung von Rahmeninformationen in der Datenbank Grunddaten. 2. Datengrundlage fuer Umwelt Deutschland

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Schoen, M.; Hillenbrand, T.; Kuntze, U.; Nathani, C.; Toussaint, D.; Behnke, L.; Michi, S.; Rauscher, J.; Ziesing, H.J.; Knoerr, W.; Tochtermann, K.; Dombeck, T.; Kadric, L.

2002-03-01

Goal of the study was to create a documentary system containing the relevant information available in the Federal Republic of Germany in order to provide a wide-scale presentation of the environmental situation. The theme catalogue which has been extended and modified in the course of the research work contains about 150 items. In order to obtain trend statements, a period of at least 10 years - between 1990 and 2000 - had to be evaluated. Since most of the available empirical time series do not go beyond 1998, projections based here on allowing a foresight on the medium-term developments in the subsequent two years or more were required. In two selected theme fields, scenarios until the year 2020 had to be developed: scenarios of emissions of greenhouse gases and precursors of greenhouse gases as well as for traffic development and environmental pollution caused by traffic. The basis for the documentary administration is the data bank 'DB Grunddaten' ('basic data'). This data bank was developed by the Federal Environmental Agency and had to be completed for the presentation system environment Germany. (orig.) [German] Fuer eine flaechendeckende Gesamtdarstellung des Umweltzustandes in Deutschland sollten die auf Bundesebene verfuegbaren Informationsbausteine in einem Dokumentationssystem bereitgestellt werden. Der im Lauf der Bearbeitung erweiterte und modifizierte Themenkatalog umfasste ca. 150 Positionen. Die Ordnung dieses Themenkataloges ist an den Pressure-State-Response-Ansatz angelehnt. Zur Ermoeglichung von Trendaussagen sollte dort, wo moeglich und sinnvoll, ein Darstellungszeitraum von mindestens zehn Jahren von 1990 bis 2000 gewaehlt werden. Da die verfuegbaren empirischen Zeitreihen meist nicht weiter als bis zum Jahr 1998 reichten, waren darauf aufbauende Projektionen der mittelfristigen Entwicklung ueber einen Zeitraum von zwei Jahren oder mehr erforderlich. In zwei ausgewaehlten Themenbereichen waren auch ueber das Jahr 2000

Energy Optimal Trajectories in Human Arm Motion Aiming for Assistive Robots

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Lelai Zhou

2017-01-01

Full Text Available The energy expenditure in human arm has been of great interests for seeking optimal human arm trajectories. This paper presents a new way for calculating metabolic energy consumption of human arm motions. The purpose is to reveal the relationship between the energy consumption and the trajectory of arm motion, and further, the acceleration and arm orientation contributions. Human arm motion in horizontal plane is investigated by virtue of Qualisys motion capture system. The motion data is post-processed by a biomechanical model to obtain the metabolic expenditure. Results on the arm motion kinematics, dynamics and metabolic energy consumption, are included.

Effect of standard cuff on blood pressure readings in patients with obese arms. How frequent are arms of a 'large circumference'?

Science.gov (United States)

Fonseca-Reyes, Salvador; de Alba-García, Javier García; Parra-Carrillo, José Z; Paczka-Zapata, José Antonio

2003-06-01

To measure the effect on blood pressure readings when a standard cuff is used on patients with arms of a large circumference, and to determine the frequency of arms of a large circumference. Blood pressures were taken in 120 subjects with an arm circumference greater than 33 cm. Also, the arm circumference was determined in 244 patients from a family health unit, and in 216 patients from a hypertension clinic. A mercury sphygmomanometer and two different cuff sizes were used in a random sequence; therefore, 60 patients' blood pressure were first measured with a large cuff, followed by a standard cuff; the opposite sequence was then applied for another 60 patients. With the obtained values and using a regression analysis, the difference in blood pressure overestimation was calculated. Arm circumference measurement percentages were used to determine the frequency of arms of a large circumference. Both systolic and diastolic blood pressures were significantly greater when the standard cuff was used. For every 5 cm increase in arm circumference, starting at 35 cm, a 2-5 mmHg increase in systolic blood pressure, and a 1-3 mmHg increase in diastolic blood pressure was observed. The prevalence of arms with a large circumference in the family medicine unit and hypertension clinic was 42% and 41.8%, respectively. There is an overestimation of blood pressure when a standard cuff is used in obese subjects. The high prevalence of these individuals in our environment, both in the hypertensive and normotensive population, makes it necessary to have on hand different sizes of cuffs for taking blood pressure in order to avoid incorrect decisions.

Robots testing robots: ALAN-Arm, a humanoid arm for the testing of robotic rehabilitation systems.

Science.gov (United States)

Brookes, Jack; Kuznecovs, Maksims; Kanakis, Menelaos; Grigals, Arturs; Narvidas, Mazvydas; Gallagher, Justin; Levesley, Martin

2017-07-01

Robotics is increasing in popularity as a method of providing rich, personalized and cost-effective physiotherapy to individuals with some degree of upper limb paralysis, such as those who have suffered a stroke. These robotic rehabilitation systems are often high powered, and exoskeletal systems can attach to the person in a restrictive manner. Therefore, ensuring the mechanical safety of these devices before they come in contact with individuals is a priority. Additionally, rehabilitation systems may use novel sensor systems to measure current arm position. Used to capture and assess patient movements, these first need to be verified for accuracy by an external system. We present the ALAN-Arm, a humanoid robotic arm designed to be used for both accuracy benchmarking and safety testing of robotic rehabilitation systems. The system can be attached to a rehabilitation device and then replay generated or human movement trajectories, as well as autonomously play rehabilitation games or activities. Tests of the ALAN-Arm indicated it could recreate the path of a generated slow movement path with a maximum error of 14.2mm (mean = 5.8mm) and perform cyclic movements up to 0.6Hz with low gain (<1.5dB). Replaying human data trajectories showed the ability to largely preserve human movement characteristics with slightly higher path length and lower normalised jerk.

Molecular clouds in the Carina arm - the largest objects, associated regions of star formation, and the Carina arm in the Galaxy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Grabelsky, D.A.; Cohen, R.S.; Bronfman, L.; Thaddeus, P.

1988-01-01

The Columbia CO survey of the southern Galactic plane is used to identify giant molecular clouds and cloud complexes in the Vela-Carina-Centaurus section of the Galaxy. Twenty-seven giant molecular clouds between l = 270 and 300 deg are catalogued and their heliocentric distances given. In addition, 16 clouds at l greater than 300 deg beyond the solar circle extend the catalog to include the very distant portion of the Carina arm. The most massive clouds in the catalog trace the Carina arm over 23 kpc in the plane of the Galaxy. The average mass of these objects is 1.4 x 10 to the 6th solar, and their average spacing along the arm is 700 pc. The composite distribution projected onto the Galactic plane of the largest molecular clouds in the Carina arm and of similarly massive clouds in the first and second quadrants strongly suggests that the Carina and Sagittarius arms form a single spiral arm about 40 kpc in length wrapping two-thirds of the way around the Galaxy. Descriptions of each cloud, including identification of associated star-forming regions, are presented in an appendix. 76 references

AGARD Manual on Aeroelasticity in Axial-Flow Turbomachines. Volume 1. Unsteady Turbomachinery Aerodynamics

Science.gov (United States)

1987-03-01

MACHI, K. 1905 Unsteady Plow in a Turbine Rotor, VDI -Berichte 572.2p 1 9,5, pp. 273-292. FRANSSON, T.1!. and SUTER, P. 1983 Two-Dimensional and...Schaufelreihen in Axialverdichtern und Axialturbinen, VDI -Berichte No. 361, pp. 33-43. I[;RA, T. and RANNIE, W.D. 1953 Observations of Propagating Stall in...NASA-CR-3940. VICTORY, M. 1943 Flutter at High Incidence. Brit. A.R.C. R & M 2048 . VOGELER, K. 1984 The Unsteady Pressure Distribution on Parabolic

A Unified Approach for Reporting ARM Measurement Uncertainties Technical Report

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Campos, E [Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States); Sisterson, Douglas [Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States)

2016-12-01

The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Climate Research Facility is observationally based, and quantifying the uncertainty of its measurements is critically important. With over 300 widely differing instruments providing over 2,500 datastreams, concise expression of measurement uncertainty is quite challenging. The ARM Facility currently provides data and supporting metadata (information about the data or data quality) to its users through a number of sources. Because the continued success of the ARM Facility depends on the known quality of its measurements, the Facility relies on instrument mentors and the ARM Data Quality Office (DQO) to ensure, assess, and report measurement quality. Therefore, an easily accessible, well-articulated estimate of ARM measurement uncertainty is needed. Note that some of the instrument observations require mathematical algorithms (retrievals) to convert a measured engineering variable into a useful geophysical measurement. While those types of retrieval measurements are identified, this study does not address particular methods for retrieval uncertainty. As well, the ARM Facility also provides engineered data products, or value-added products (VAPs), based on multiple instrument measurements. This study does not include uncertainty estimates for those data products. We propose here that a total measurement uncertainty should be calculated as a function of the instrument uncertainty (calibration factors), the field uncertainty (environmental factors), and the retrieval uncertainty (algorithm factors). The study will not expand on methods for computing these uncertainties. Instead, it will focus on the practical identification, characterization, and inventory of the measurement uncertainties already available in the ARM community through the ARM instrument mentors and their ARM instrument handbooks. As a result, this study will address the first steps towards reporting ARM measurement uncertainty

Municipal energy concepts. A service task for electric utility companies; Kommunale Energiekonzepte. Eine Dienstleistungsaufgabe fuer Energieversorgungsuntemehmen

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Just, W. [Stadtwerke Gelsenkirchen GmbH (Germany)

1994-11-01

The article explains to what extent suitable measures can be realized and supported in a municipality with municipal energy concepts or even climate protection concepts. The target is to attain with limited financial means the most favourable economic and ecological effects in the municipality or in the region. Many electric utilities have in the last years forced the realization of energy conservation measures and have become energy service companies. With their expert knowledge they are ideal partners for politics, public adminstration and citizens. They have the best qualificatons for the development and realization of municipal concepts. In many cases it shows that with detailed studies the target can be quicker and more effectively attained as with extensive, time-consuming and expensive studies which are not particularly realization-oriented. The report is to give examples which might be helpful for the development of a concept. (orig./UA) [Deutsch] Der Beitrag erlaeutert, inwieweit umfangreiche kommunale Energiekonzepte oder sogar Klimaschutzkonzepte geeignete Massnahmen in der Kommune realisieren und foerdern koennen. Ziel sollte sein, mit begrenztem Mitteleinsatz die oekonomisch-oekologisch groessten Effekte in der Kommune bzw. in der Region zu erzielen. Viele Energie-Versorgungsunternehmen haben in den letzten Jahren die Realisierung von Energieparmassnahmen vorangetrieben und sich zu Energie-Dienstleistungsunternehmen entwickelt. Mit ihrer Sachkompetenz sind sie der ideale Partner fuer Politik, oeffentliche Verwaltung und Buerger/innen. Sie bringen die besten Voraussetzungen mit bei der Erarbeitung und Umsetzung von kommunalen Konzepten. Vielfach zeigt sich, dass Detailkonzepte schneller und wirkungsvoller zum Ziel fuehren, als umfachreiche, zeitaufwendige und teure Studien, die wenig umsetzungsorientiert sind. Die nachfolgenden Ausfuehrungen sind als Beispiele gedacht. Sie koennen Anregungen fuer die Erstellung eines Konzeptes vermitteln. (orig./UA)

Campaigns for renewable energy - the evaluation of 'Solar-na klar.' and a framework concept for new campaigns; Kampagnen fuer erneuerbare Energien - Die Evaluation von 'Solar-na klar.' und Empfehlungen fuer neue Kampagnen

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Duscha, M.; Schuele, R.; Gross, D.; Lambrecht, K.; Lucius, W.; Johansson, J.; Rieder, S.

2002-04-01

, localized relevant target groups and condensed recent image studies about renewable energies in Germany. As a result, the report details the main elements and conditions that are necessary for campaigns that cover all types of renewable energies, such campaigns are supported in principal by all stakeholder groups. (orig.) [German] (a) Die Kampagne 'Solar - na klar.' unterstuetzt seit 1999 eine verstaerkte Verbreitung von solarthermischen Anlagen durch vielfaeltige Oeffentlichkeitsarbeit und Dienstleistungen. Die Evaluation der Kampagne kam bezueglich der externen Wirkungen zu ueberwiegend positiven Ergebnissen: Die zentralen Zielgruppen, Handwerker und der Ein-/Zweifamilienhausbesitzer, wurden durch die Kampagne gut erreicht und mit gutem Informationsmaterial angesprochen. Darueber hinaus schaetzte ca. ein Viertel der Haushalte, die eine solarthermische Anlage installierten, den Einfluss der Kampagne eher hoch ein. Allerdings vermissten die Haushalte zum Teil weiterfuehrende Informationen. Auch die befragten Handwerker aeusserten eine relativ grosse Zufriedenheit mit der Kampagne. Sie nutzten die bereitgestellten Informationsmaterialien der Kampagne jedoch nur sehr selten. Die Evaluation der internen Grundlagen und Prozesse fuehrt zu ambivalenten Ergebnissen: Beispielsweise ist es der Kampagne auf der einen Seite gelungen, eine breite und heterogene Traegerschaft zu gewinnen und flexibel auf aeussere Anforderungen zu reagieren. Auf der anderen Seite stellten sich Probleme in der Steuerung und im Konfliktmanagement ein. Hierzu trugen u.a. eine nicht ausreichend integrierte Projektplanung sowie strukturelle Unterschiede zwischen den Partnern bei. Die Evaluation muendet in der zentralen Empfehlung, die Kampagne in modififizierter Form fortzusetzen. Verbesserungsmoeglichkeiten sehen die Evaluatoren u.a. in der verstaerkten Einbindung regionaler Aktvitaeten. (b) Als Grundlage fuer die Empfehlungen fuer weitere Kampagnen fuer erneuerbare Energien analysierte das ifeu

40 CFR 98.33 - Calculating GHG emissions.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-07-01

...)(2)(ii) of this section. MVC = Molar volume conversion factor (849.5 scf per kg-mole at standard... (CONTINUED) MANDATORY GREENHOUSE GAS REPORTING General Stationary Fuel Combustion Sources § 98.33 Calculating... volume of fuel combusted per year, from company records as defined in § 98.6 (express mass in short tons...

Dynamic association of NUP98 with the human genome.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Yun Liang

Full Text Available Faithful execution of developmental gene expression programs occurs at multiple levels and involves many different components such as transcription factors, histone-modification enzymes, and mRNA processing proteins. Recent evidence suggests that nucleoporins, well known components that control nucleo-cytoplasmic trafficking, have wide-ranging functions in developmental gene regulation that potentially extend beyond their role in nuclear transport. Whether the unexpected role of nuclear pore proteins in transcription regulation, which initially has been described in fungi and flies, also applies to human cells is unknown. Here we show at a genome-wide level that the nuclear pore protein NUP98 associates with developmentally regulated genes active during human embryonic stem cell differentiation. Overexpression of a dominant negative fragment of NUP98 levels decreases expression levels of NUP98-bound genes. In addition, we identify two modes of developmental gene regulation by NUP98 that are differentiated by the spatial localization of NUP98 target genes. Genes in the initial stage of developmental induction can associate with NUP98 that is embedded in the nuclear pores at the nuclear periphery. Alternatively, genes that are highly induced can interact with NUP98 in the nuclear interior, away from the nuclear pores. This work demonstrates for the first time that NUP98 dynamically associates with the human genome during differentiation, revealing a role of a nuclear pore protein in regulating developmental gene expression programs.

Integrated market research as a basis for target group oriented marketing; Integrierte Marktforschung als Basis fuer zielgruppenorientiertes Marketing

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Welzel, D.; Meinecke, B. [Meinecke und Rosengarten GmbH, Hamburg (Germany)

2000-02-01

Deregulation of the energy markets may, in the long run, also involve free choice of gas suppliers. Marketing research offers methods for assessing the customers' needs and wishes and for controlling and improving the measures taken. [German] In Folge der Liberalisierung der Energiemaerkte wird es in absehbarer Zeit voraussichtlich auch fuer die Haushaltskunden im Gasbereich moeglich sein, den Versorger frei zu waehlen. Die Marktforschung bietet verschiedene Methoden an, mit deren Hilfe die Beduerfnisse der Kunden im Hinblick auf Kundenbindung aber auch -gewinnung ermittelt und die Wirksamkeit ergriffener Massnahmen kontrolliert und verbessert werden kann. (orig.)

Putting the Glare of Publicity on International Arms Sales.

Science.gov (United States)

Hartman, William

1992-01-01

Reports on a United Nations committee recommendation that the Security Council establish a universal register of arms. Suggests that such a register would limit the destabilizing influence of major arms sales on developing nations. Argues that visibility of arms sales may help reduce their number. (DK)

The Role of Ethics in International Arms Transfers

Science.gov (United States)

2016-06-01

i THE ROLE OF ETHICS IN INTERNATIONAL ARMS TRANSFERS BY MAJOR ROB ARNETT A THESIS PRESENTED TO THE FACULTY OF THE SCHOOL OF...War’s Ends” provided the intellectual spark to explore the topic of ethics in international arms sales. Additionally, Dr. Murphy was kind enough to... ethics in American arms transfer policy to determine whether the Just War tradition’s jus ad bellum framework can help policymakers through a complex

Arm to leg coordination in elite butterfly swimmers.

Science.gov (United States)

Chollet, D; Seifert, L; Boulesteix, L; Carter, M

2006-04-01

This study proposed the use of four time gaps to assess arm-to-leg coordination in the butterfly stroke at increasing race paces. Fourteen elite male swimmers swam at four velocities corresponding to the appropriate paces for, respectively, the 400-m, 200-m, 100-m, and 50-m events. The different stroke phases of the arm and leg were identified by video analysis and then used to calculate four time gaps (T1: time gap between entry of the hands in the water and the high break-even point of the first undulation; T2: time gap between the beginning of the hands' backward movement and the low break-even point of the first undulation; T3: time gap between the hands' arrival in a vertical plane to the shoulders and the high break-even point of the second undulation; T4: time gap between the hands' release from the water and the low break-even point of the second undulation), the values of which described the changing relationship of arm to leg movements over an entire stroke cycle. With increases in pace, elite swimmers increased the stroke rate, the relative duration of the arm pull, the recovery and the first downward movement of the legs, and decreased the stroke length, the relative duration of the arm catch phase and the body glide with arms forward (measured by T2), until continuity in the propulsive actions was achieved. Whatever the paces, the T1, T3, and T4 values were close to zero and revealed a high degree of synchronisation at key motor points of the arm and leg actions. This new method to assess butterfly coordination could facilitate learning and coaching by situating the place of the leg undulation in relation with the arm stroke.

MPL-net at ARM Sites

Science.gov (United States)

Spinhirne, J. D.; Welton, E. J.; Campbell, J. R.; Berkoff, T. A.; Starr, David OC. (Technical Monitor)

2002-01-01

The NASA MPL-net project goal is consistent data products of the vertical distribution of clouds and aerosol from globally distributed lidar observation sites. The four ARM micro pulse lidars are a basis of the network to consist of over twelve sites. The science objective is ground truth for global satellite retrievals and accurate vertical distribution information in combination with surface radiation measurements for aerosol and cloud models. The project involves improvement in instruments and data processing and cooperation with ARM and other partners.

Electrochemical storage systems for renewable power supply systems. Workshop; Elektrochemische Speichersysteme fuer regenerative Energieversorgungsanlagen. Workshop

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Garche, J.; Hoehe, W. [Zentrum fuer Sonnenenergie- und Wasserstoff-Forschung Baden-Wuerttemberg (ZSW), Ulm (Germany); Stadermann, G. [eds.] [Forschungsverbund Sonnenenergie, Berlin (Germany)

1999-07-01

This volume contains 26 contributions on batteries and PV systems. Vol. 1 discusses the following subjects: 1. Evaluation and assessment of the performance of battery systems in existing PV systems; 2. Status and prospects of storage systems; 3. Experience, requirements and markets; 4. Storage battery operation and assessment; 5. Systems engineering and operation of PV systems. [German] Dieser Band enthaelt 26 Beitraege zum aktuellen Stand der Batterien sowie der dazugehoerigen Systeme fuer Photovoltaik-Anlagen. Der Band ist in fuenf Themenbereiche unterteilt: 1. Auswertung und Bewertung des Betriebsverhaltens von Batteriesystemen in bestehenden PV-Anlagen; 2. Stand und Zukunft von Speichersystemen; 3.Erfahrungen, Anforderungen und Maerkte; 4. Speicher-Betriebsfuehrung und -Zustandsbestimmung; und 5. Systemtechnik und Betriebsfuehrung von PV-Systemen.

Human Endometrial CD98 Is Essential for Blastocyst Adhesion

Science.gov (United States)

Domínguez, Francisco; Simón, Carlos; Quiñonero, Alicia; Ramírez, Miguel Ángel; González-Muñoz, Elena; Burghardt, Hans; Cervero, Ana; Martínez, Sebastián; Pellicer, Antonio; Palacín, Manuel; Sánchez-Madrid, Francisco; Yáñez-Mó, María

2010-01-01

Background Understanding the molecular basis of embryonic implantation is of great clinical and biological relevance. Little is currently known about the adhesion receptors that determine endometrial receptivity for embryonic implantation in humans. Methods and Principal Findings Using two human endometrial cell lines characterized by low and high receptivity, we identified the membrane receptor CD98 as a novel molecule selectively and significantly associated with the receptive phenotype. In human endometrial samples, CD98 was the only molecule studied whose expression was restricted to the implantation window in human endometrial tissue. CD98 expression was restricted to the apical surface and included in tetraspanin-enriched microdomains of primary endometrial epithelial cells, as demonstrated by the biochemical association between CD98 and tetraspanin CD9. CD98 expression was induced in vitro by treatment of primary endometrial epithelial cells with human chorionic gonadotropin, 17-β-estradiol, LIF or EGF. Endometrial overexpression of CD98 or tetraspanin CD9 greatly enhanced mouse blastocyst adhesion, while their siRNA-mediated depletion reduced the blastocyst adhesion rate. Conclusions These results indicate that CD98, a component of tetraspanin-enriched microdomains, appears to be an important determinant of human endometrial receptivity during the implantation window. PMID:20976164

Neurosurgical robotic arm drilling navigation system.

Science.gov (United States)

Lin, Chung-Chih; Lin, Hsin-Cheng; Lee, Wen-Yo; Lee, Shih-Tseng; Wu, Chieh-Tsai

2017-09-01

The aim of this work was to develop a neurosurgical robotic arm drilling navigation system that provides assistance throughout the complete bone drilling process. The system comprised neurosurgical robotic arm navigation combining robotic and surgical navigation, 3D medical imaging based surgical planning that could identify lesion location and plan the surgical path on 3D images, and automatic bone drilling control that would stop drilling when the bone was to be drilled-through. Three kinds of experiment were designed. The average positioning error deduced from 3D images of the robotic arm was 0.502 ± 0.069 mm. The correlation between automatically and manually planned paths was 0.975. The average distance error between automatically planned paths and risky zones was 0.279 ± 0.401 mm. The drilling auto-stopping algorithm had 0.00% unstopped cases (26.32% in control group 1) and 70.53% non-drilled-through cases (8.42% and 4.21% in control groups 1 and 2). The system may be useful for neurosurgical robotic arm drilling navigation. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Safeguarding arms control

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Flanagan, S.J.

1988-01-01

This essay reviews the evolution of various safeguards concepts associated with U.S. Soviet arms control negotiations over the past twenty-five years. It explore in some detail the origins, nature, and effectiveness of the safeguards packages associated with six agreements: the Limited Test Ban Treaty (1963), the SALT I Interim Agreement (1972), the Anti-Ballistic Missile (ABM) Treaty (1972), the Threshold Test Ban Treaty (1974), the Peaceful Nuclear Explosions Treaty (1976) and the SALT II Treaty (1979). Finally, the implications of this historical record for developing future nuclear and conventional arms control accords and for shoring up existing pacts, such as the ABM Treaty, are assessed with a view towards practicable prescriptions for Western policymakers. The treaty eliminating intermediate-range nuclear forces (INF) incorporates several verification safeguards, and it is very likely that analogous measures would be attached to any accord constraining conventional forces in Europe

Manipulator arm for a nuclear reactor vessel inspection device

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

1980-01-01

A manipulator arm for a reactor vessel in-service inspection apparatus is adapted to transport a transducer array for ultrasonic examination of welds at any point in the vessel. The removal of the inspection device from the reactor vessel in an emergency presents a problem where a relatively long manipulator arm is used. This invention provides an improved arm with means for changing the normal orientation of the arm to a shorter one to permit safe removal of the inspection device from the reactor vessel. (author)

A software radio platform based on ARM and FPGA

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Yang Xin.

2016-01-01

Full Text Available The rapid rise in computational performance offered by computer systems has greatly increased the number of practical software radio applications. A scheme presented in this paper is a software radio platform based on ARM and FPGA. FPGA works as the coprocessor together with the ARM, which serves as the core processor. ARM is used for digital signal processing and real-time data transmission, and FPGA is used for synchronous timing control and serial-parallel conversion. A SPI driver for real-time data transmission between ARM and FPGA under ARM-Linux system is provided. By adopting modular design, the software radio platform is capable of implementing wireless communication functions and satisfies the requirements of real-time signal processing platform for high security and broad applicability.

Natural Resource Extraction, Armed Violence, and Environmental Degradation.

Science.gov (United States)

Downey, Liam; Bonds, Eric; Clark, Katherine

2010-12-01

The goal of this article is to demonstrate that environmental sociologists cannot fully explain the relationship between humans and the natural world without theorizing a link between natural resource extraction, armed violence, and environmental degradation. The authors begin by arguing that armed violence is one of several overlapping mechanisms that provide powerful actors with the means to (a) prevail over others in conflicts over natural resources and (b) ensure that natural resources critical to industrial production and state power continue to be extracted and sold in sufficient quantities to promote capital accumulation, state power, and ecological unequal exchange. The authors then identify 10 minerals that are critical to the functioning of the U.S. economy and/or military and demonstrate that the extraction of these minerals often involves the use of armed violence. They further demonstrate that armed violence is associated with the activities of the world's three largest mining companies, with African mines that receive World Bank funding, and with petroleum and rainforest timber extraction. The authors conclude that the natural resource base on which industrial societies stand is constructed in large part through the use and threatened use of armed violence. As a result, armed violence plays a critical role in fostering environmental degradation and ecological unequal exchange.

US-Russian relations: the arms control agenda

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Potter, W.

2001-01-01

At a time when US-Russian relations are widely regarded to be in a state of flux, it is appropriate to examine the degree of continuity and change in the sphere of nuclear arms control. More specifically, this brief essay identifies a number of propositions about nuclear weapons, arms control, and nonproliferation that increasingly reflect the conventional wisdom in Washington, although these propositions may be neither true nor wise; and assesses the prospects for arms control progress in the areas of strategic and non-strategic nuclear weapons and nonproliferation in light of these prevailing views. (author)

US-Russian relations: the arms control agenda

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Potter, W

2001-07-01

At a time when US-Russian relations are widely regarded to be in a state of flux, it is appropriate to examine the degree of continuity and change in the sphere of nuclear arms control. More specifically, this brief essay identifies a number of propositions about nuclear weapons, arms control, and nonproliferation that increasingly reflect the conventional wisdom in Washington, although these propositions may be neither true nor wise; and assesses the prospects for arms control progress in the areas of strategic and non-strategic nuclear weapons and nonproliferation in light of these prevailing views. (author)

The inter-arm diastolic blood pressure difference induced by one arm ischemia: a new approach to assess vascular endothelia function.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Weitong Hu

Full Text Available OBJECTIVES: To evaluate whether inter-arm diastolic blood pressure difference (DBPl-r induced by one arm ischemia correlates with flow-mediated dilatation (FMD. METHODS: Bilateral arm BPs were simultaneously measured with two automatic devices and right brachial artery diameter (D was measured by ultrasound technique in 108 subjects (56 hypertensives and 52 normotensives. Following baseline diameter (D0 and BP measurement, right brachial artery was occluded for 5 minutes. The diameter was measured at 1, 1.5 and 2 min, and bilateral BPs measured at 3, 4 and 5 min after occlusion release. Their averages were recorded as post-D and post-BP, respectively. The difference between post-D and D0 (ΔD was calculated as the percentage increase of artery diameter (ΔD/D0. The BP difference between left and right arms was calculated as BPl-r, and the difference of post- BPl-r and baseline BPl-r was recorded as the net change of BPl-r (ΔBPl-r. RESULTS: At baseline, bilateral SBPs and DBPs were similar. Right arm ischemia induced significant DBP decline only in the right arm (68.8±12.7 vs 72.6±12.0 mmHg, P<0.05, which led to an increase of ΔDBPl-r (4.00±3.75 vs 0.78±4.47 mmHg, P<0.05. A positive correlation was seen between ΔD/D0 and ΔDBPl-r (r = 0.744, p<0.001. Furthermore, the correlation between age and ΔDBPl-r (r = -0.358, P<0.01 was similar to that between age and D/D0 (r = -0.398, P<0.01. Meanwhile, both ΔDBPl-r and ΔD/D0 were significantly lower in hypertensive patients than in normotensive patients. CONCLUSION: The inter-arm DBP difference induced by one arm ischemia may be a potential index for clinical evaluation of vascular endothelial function.

Assessment of the safety factor of the new EC-specified test gas for intrinsically safe electric circuits of mining equipment; Ermittlung des Sicherheitsfaktors des neuen in der EG festgelegten Pruefgases fuer eigensichere Stromkreise von Bergbau-Betriebsmitteln

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hauke, R. [Fachstelle fuer Sicherheit Elektrischer Betriebsmittel, Dortmund (Germany). Bergbauversuchsstrecke

2001-07-01

The real safety factor of the new gas (52 % by volume H{sub '}'/air mixture) was compared to the earlier gas mixture (ethylene) for group I (methane) was investigated. Further, it was investigated whether more or less intrinsically safe systems can be connected to a single supply source. Extensive experiments were carried out in two test sites, supplemented by evaluations of earlier BVS experiments and a literature search. [German] Im Rahmen des Vorhabens sollte die Hoehe des realen Sicherheitsfaktors der neuen Wasserstoffmischung (52 Vol.-% H{sub 2}/Luft-Gemisch) im Vergleich zu der frueher verwandten Pruefgasmischung (Ethylen) fuer die Gruppe I (Methan) untersucht werden. Ebenfalls sollte eine Antwort auf die Frage gesucht werden, ob das neue Pruefgasgemisch eine Erleichterung fuer die Bescheinigungspraxis von eigensicheren Systemen fuer den Steinkohlenbergbau mit sich bringt (mehr Verbraucher an eine speisende Quelle moeglich) oder ob eine Beschraenkung (wesentlich weniger Verbraucher an eine speisende Quelle) zu erwarten ist. Beide Fragestellungen konnte durch ein umfangreiches Versuchsprogramm, das an zwei aufgebauten Pruefplaetzen innerhalb der verlaengerten Projektlaufzeit durchgefuehrt wurde, in Verbindung mit der Neuauswertung aelterer Versuche der BVS und der recherchierten Literatur beantwortet werden. (orig.)

Radiotherapy infrastructure and human resources in Switzerland. Present status and projected computations for 2020

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Datta, Niloy Ranjan; Khan, Shaka; Marder, Dietmar [KSA-KSB, Kantonsspital Aarau, RadioOnkologieZentrum, Aarau (Switzerland); Zwahlen, Daniel [Kantonsspital Graubuenden, Department of Radiotherapy, Chur (Switzerland); Bodis, Stephan [KSA-KSB, Kantonsspital Aarau, RadioOnkologieZentrum, Aarau (Switzerland); University Hospital Zurich, Department of Radiation Oncology, Zurich (Switzerland)

2016-09-15

Strahlentherapie in der Schweiz zu bewerten und Prognosen fuer das Jahr 2020 zu erstellen. Die ESTRO-QUARTS- und IAEA-Richtlinien wurden angewandt, um den Bedarf fuer Teletherapie-(TRT-)Einheiten, Radioonkologen (RO), Medizinphysiker (MP) und Medizinisch-technische Radiologieassistenten (RTT) abzuschaetzen. Die Datenbanken, die fuer die Errechnung der gegenwaertigen Luecke und die zusaetzlichen Anforderungen verwendet wurden, sind (a) GLOBOCAN (Global Cancer Incidence, Mortality and Prevalence) fuer die Krebsinzidenz, (b) das Verzeichnis der Bestrahlungszentren (DIRAC, Directory of Radiotherapy Centres) der IAEA (International Atomic Energy Agency) fuer bestehende TRT-Einheiten, (c) die neueste ESTRO-HERO-Studie (European Society of Therapeutic Radiation Oncology - Health Economics in Radiation Oncology) fuer die Personalausstattung und (d) Daten vom Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research (IIAMR) ueber den Grad der Bestrahlungstherapieauslastung (RTU) fuer jede Krebsart. Im Jahr 2015 haetten 30.999 von 45.903 Krebspatienten eine Bestrahlung benoetigt. Bis 2020 wird diese Zahl auf 34.041 von 50.427 Krebspatienten steigen. Die Schweiz verfuegt zwar momentan ueber eine ausreichende Anzahl an TRT-Einheiten, weist aber einen Mangel von 57 ROs, 14 MPs und 36 RTTs auf. Bis 2020 werden zusaetzlich 7 TRT-Einheiten, 72 ROs, 22 MPs und 66 RTTs benoetigt. Zusaetzlich wurde ein wirklichkeitsnahes, dynamisches Modell vorgeschlagen, um den Bedarf an Personal aufgrund von kuenftig zu erwartenden Aenderungen in den Bestrahlungstherapietechniken zu errechnen. Dieses Modell koennte auf die individuellen Beduerfnisse eines beliebigen Bestrahlungszentrums angepasst werden. Der Bedarf an Bestrahlungstherapie fuer Krebspatienten wird in den naechsten 5 Jahren um 9,8 % steigen. Diese Studie soll Stakeholder und Gesundheitsplaner dabei unterstuetzen, eine entsprechende Strategie zu entwickeln, um kuenftigen Anforderungen in der Strahlentherapie in der Schweiz gerecht zu werden. Der Bedarf an

Technology-supported training of arm-hand skills in stroke

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Timmermans, A.A.A.

2010-01-01

Impaired arm-hand performance is a serious consequence of stroke that is associated with reduced self-efficacy and poor quality of life. Task-oriented arm training is a therapy approach that is known to improve skilled arm-hand performance, even in chronic stages after stroke. At the start of this

Kinematic feedback control laws for generating natural arm movements

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kim, Donghyun; Jang, Cheongjae; Park, Frank C

2014-01-01

We propose a stochastic optimal feedback control law for generating natural robot arm motions. Our approach, inspired by the minimum variance principle of Harris and Wolpert (1998 Nature 394 780–4) and the optimal feedback control principles put forth by Todorov and Jordan (2002 Nature Neurosci. 5 1226–35) for explaining human movements, differs in two crucial respects: (i) the endpoint variance is minimized in joint space rather than Cartesian hand space, and (ii) we ignore the dynamics and instead consider only the second-order differential kinematics. The feedback control law generating the motions can be straightforwardly obtained by backward integration of a set of ordinary differential equations; these equations are obtained exactly, without any linear–quadratic approximations. The only parameters to be determined a priori are the variance scale factors, and for both the two-DOF planar arm and the seven-DOF spatial arm, a table of values is constructed based on the given initial and final arm configurations; these values are determined via an optimal fitting procedure, and consistent with existing findings about neuromuscular motor noise levels of human arm muscles. Experiments conducted with a two-link planar arm and a seven-DOF spatial arm verify that the trajectories generated by our feedback control law closely resemble human arm motions, in the sense of producing nearly straight-line hand trajectories, having bell-shaped velocity profiles, and satisfying Fitts Law. (paper)

Brain-Machine Interface Enables Bimanual Arm Movements in Monkeys

Science.gov (United States)

Ifft, Peter J.; Shokur, Solaiman; Li, Zheng; Lebedev, Mikhail A.; Nicolelis, Miguel A. L.

2014-01-01

Brain-machine interfaces (BMIs) are artificial systems that aim to restore sensation and movement to severely paralyzed patients. However, previous BMIs enabled only single arm functionality, and control of bimanual movements was a major challenge. Here, we developed and tested a bimanual BMI that enabled rhesus monkeys to control two avatar arms simultaneously. The bimanual BMI was based on the extracellular activity of 374–497 neurons recorded from several frontal and parietal cortical areas of both cerebral hemispheres. Cortical activity was transformed into movements of the two arms with a decoding algorithm called a 5th order unscented Kalman filter (UKF). The UKF is well-suited for BMI decoding because it accounts for both characteristics of reaching movements and their representation by cortical neurons. The UKF was trained either during a manual task performed with two joysticks or by having the monkeys passively observe the movements of avatar arms. Most cortical neurons changed their modulation patterns when both arms were engaged simultaneously. Representing the two arms jointly in a single UKF decoder resulted in improved decoding performance compared with using separate decoders for each arm. As the animals’ performance in bimanual BMI control improved over time, we observed widespread plasticity in frontal and parietal cortical areas. Neuronal representation of the avatar and reach targets was enhanced with learning, whereas pairwise correlations between neurons initially increased and then decreased. These results suggest that cortical networks may assimilate the two avatar arms through BMI control. PMID:24197735

Inter-arm blood pressure differences in pregnant women.

Science.gov (United States)

Poon, L C Y; Kametas, N; Strobl, I; Pachoumi, C; Nicolaides, K H

2008-08-01

To determine the prevalence of blood pressure inter-arm difference (IAD) in early pregnancy and to investigate its possible association with maternal characteristics. A cross-sectional observational study. Routine antenatal visit in a university hospital. A total of 5435 pregnant women at 11-14 weeks of gestation. Blood pressure was taken from both arms simultaneously with a validated automated device. The presence of inter-arm blood pressure difference of 10 mmHg or more. The IAD in systolic and diastolic blood pressure was 10 mmHg or more in 8.3 and 2.3% of the women, respectively. Systolic IAD was found to be significantly related to systolic blood pressure and pulse pressure, and diastolic IAD was found to be significantly related to maternal age, diastolic blood pressure and pulse pressure. The systolic and diastolic IAD were higher in the hypertensive group compared with the normotensive group and absolute IAD increased with increasing blood pressure. About 31.0 and 23.9% of cases of hypertension would have been underreported if the left arm and the right arm were used, respectively, in measuring the blood pressure. There is a blood pressure IAD in a significant proportion of the pregnant population, and its prevalence increases with increasing blood pressure. By measuring blood pressure only on one arm, there is a one in three chance of underreporting hypertension. Therefore, it would be prudent that during the booking visit blood pressure should be taken in both arms and thus provide guidance for subsequent blood pressure measurements during the course of pregnancy.

46 CFR 98.25-50 - Filling and discharge pipes.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-10-01

... with a secondary remote control of a type acceptable to the Commandant. (c) The excess flow, internal... 46 Shipping 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Filling and discharge pipes. 98.25-50 Section 98.25-50... § 98.25-50 Filling and discharge pipes. (a) Filling connections shall be provided with one of the...

Industrial dual arm robot manipulator for precise assembly of mechanical parts

Science.gov (United States)

Park, Chanhun; Kim, Doohyung; Park, Kyoungtaik; Choi, Youngjin

2007-12-01

A new structure of dual arm robot manipulator which consists of two industrial 6-DOF arms and one 2-DOF Torso is introduced. Each industrial 6-DOF arm is able to be used as a stand-alone industrial 6-DOF robot manipulator and as a part of dual arm manipulator at the same time. These structures help the robot maker which is willing to succeed in the emerging dual arm robot market in order to have high competition for the current industrial robot market at same time. Self-collision detection algorithm for multi-arm robot and kinematics algorithms for the developed dual arm robot manipulator which are implemented in our controller are introduced.

Primary design of Si cooling arm structure in ICF cryogenic target

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zhang Yong; Yi Yong; Tang Changhuan; Zhang Jicheng

2013-01-01

According to the requirement of the cryogenic target system to the Si cooling arm structure, the Si cooling arm was primarily designed based on the USA National Ignition Facility (NIF) target. A new three-dimensional model of Si cooling arm was developed by SolidWorks software, and the simulation and analysis of Si cooling arm in aspect of mechanical property, thermal response and assembly were made based on the model. A law about the effect of the arm length of Si cooling arm and the width and the length of bifurcation on Si cooling arm was achieved. The research may provide the theoretical foundation and reference for the further improvement of cryogenic target. (authors)

SIPRI's new conceptual approach to arms control and disarmament

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Rotfeld, Adam Daniel

2000-01-01

The end of the cold war deprioritized arms control and disarmament, and progress in the field was no longer a measure of relations among the major powers. In that context, the future of arms control and disarmament was discussed at the Nobel Symposium in October 1999. Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI) views arms control as an instrument for shaping a new inclusive and cooperative security order. The author questions whether arms control challenges today can and should be resolved in the institutions established and the procedures elaborated in the bipolar framework. (author)

Dual Arm Work Module Development and Appplications

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Noakes, M.W.

1999-04-25

The dual arm work module (DAWM) was developed at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) by the Robotics Technology Development Program (RTDP) as a development test bed to study issues related to dual arm manipulation, including platform cotilguration, controls, automation, operations, and tooling. The original platform was based on two Schilling Titan II manipulators mounted to a 5-degree-of- freedom (DOF) base fabricated by RedZone Robotics, Inc. The 5-DOF articulation provided a center torso rotation, linear actuation to change the separation between the arms, and arm base rotation joints to provide "elbows up," elbows down," or "elbows out" orientation. A series of tests were conducted on operations, tooling, and task space scene analysis (TSSA)-driven robotics for overhead transporter- mounted and crane hook-deployed scenarios. A concept was developed for DAWM deployment from a large remote work vehicle, but the project was redirected to support dismantlement of the Chicago Pile #5 (CP-5) reactor at Argonne National Laboratory in fiscal year (FY) 1997. Support of CP-5 required a change in focus of the dual arm technology from that of a development test bed to a system focussed for a specific end user. ORNL teamed with the Idaho National Environmental ,Engineering Laboratory, Sandia National Laboratory, and the Savannah River Technology Center to deliver a crane-deployed derivative of the DAWM, designated the dual arm work platform (DAWP). RTDP staff supported DAWP at CP-5 for one FY; Argonne staff continued operation through to dismantlement of the reactor internals. Lessons learned from this interaction were extensive. Beginning in FY 1999, dual arm development activities are again being pursued in the context of those lessons learned. This paper describes the progression of philosophy of the DAWM from initial test bed to lessons learned through interaction at CP-5 and to the present investigation of telerobotic assist of teleoperation and TSSA- driven robotics.

Further development and optimisation of the free piston concept for Vuilleumier heat pumps. Final report; Weiterentwicklung und Optimierung des Freikolben-Konzeptes fuer Vuilleumier-Waermepumpen. Abschlussbericht

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kuehl, H.D.; Ruether, J.

2003-09-01

The project was aimed at the development of know-how for commercial application of Vuilleumier heat pumps in heating systems for domestic buildings. The investigations were successful. The only aspect that requires further investigation are the static gas stores. (orig.) [German] Das Ziel dieses Projektes, die Erarbeitung des fuer eine zukuenftige kommerzielle Umsetzung der Vuilleumier-Freikolbentechnik in Waermepumpen zur Gebaeudeheizung erforderlichen Know-how, kann auf Grund der vorliegenden Ergebnisse in grossen Teilen als erreicht bezeichnet werden. Lediglich im Bereich der statischen Gaslager besteht noch Bedarf an weiterfuehrenden, quantitativen Untersuchungen ihres Tragverhaltens, waehrend insbesondere die Fragestellungen im Bereich der thermodynamischen sowie der waerme-, stroemungs- und regelungstechnischen Auslegung und Gestaltung zufriedenstellend geklaert werden konnten. Abgesehen von einigen weiteren Detailoptimierungen und der noch ausstehenden, umfassenden experimentellen Dokumentation der neuen Versuchsmaschine ist eine Weiterfuehrung der Arbeiten nicht mehr als reines Hochschulprojekt, sondern nur mit Industriebeteiligung und unter besonderer Beruecksichtigung fertigungs- und produktionstechnischer Aspekte sinnvoll. Der erreichte Entwicklungsstand mit zwei funktionsfaehigen Versuchsanlagen und dem im Verlaufe dieses Projektes erworbenen, fuer eine kommerzielle Produktentwicklung verfuegbaren Know-how bietet hierfuer eine gute Grundlage. (orig.)

ARM Enhanced Shortwave Experiment (ARESE) Solar Radiation Data

Data.gov (United States)

National Aeronautics and Space Administration — The ARM Enhanced Shortwave Experiment (ARESE) was conducted at the Department of Energy's ARM Southern Great Plains (SGP) Central Facility between September 22, 1995...

Rosoboroneksport: Arms Sales and the Structure of Russian Defense Industry

National Research Council Canada - National Science Library

Blank, Stephen J

2007-01-01

In August 2006, the U.S. Government imposed sanctions on Russian arms sellers and producers, Rosoboroneksport, Russia's main arms-selling agency, and Sukhoi, which manufactures aircraft, because of their arms sales to Iran...

Changes in the bilateral pulse transit time difference with a moving arm.

Science.gov (United States)

Jiang, Xinge; Wei, Shoushui; Zheng, Dingchang; Huang, Peng; Liu, Chengyu

2018-04-20

Changes of pulse transit time (PTT) induced by arm position were studied for unilateral arm. However, consistency of the PTT changes was not validated for both arm sides. We aimed to quantify the PTT changes between horizontal and non-horizontal positions from right arm and left arm in order to explore the consistency of both arms. Twenty-four normal subjects aged between 21 and 50 (14 male and 10 female) years were enrolled. Left and right radial artery pulses were synchronously recorded from 24 healthy subjects with one arm (left or right) at five angles (90∘, 45∘, 0∘, -45∘ and -90∘) and the other arm at the horizontal level (0∘) for reference. The overall mean PTT changes at the five angles (from 90∘ to -90∘) in the left arm (right as reference) were 16.1, 12.3, -0.5, -2.5 and -2.6 ms, respectively, and in the right arm (left as reference) were 18.0, 12.6, 1.6, -1.6 and -2.0 ms, respectively. Obvious differences were not found in the PTT changes between the two arms (left arm moving or right arm moving) under each of the five different positions (all P> 0.05).

The position of the arm during blood pressure measurement in sitting position.

Science.gov (United States)

Adiyaman, Ahmet; Verhoeff, Rutger; Lenders, Jacques W M; Deinum, Jaap; Thien, Theo

2006-12-01

Determining the influence of the position of the arm on blood pressure measurement in the sitting position. Blood pressure of 128 individuals (the majority being treated hypertensive patients) visiting the outpatient clinic was measured simultaneously on both arms with arms in two different positions. First, both arms were placed at the chair support level and blood pressure was measured three times on both arms after 10 min of rest. Subsequently, while still remaining in the same sitting position, five blood pressure measurements were made simultaneously at both arms with one arm placed on the desk and one arm placed and supported at heart level (mid-sternal). The arm placed at heart level served as the reference arm. The choice of which arm was placed at desk level and which arm was placed at heart level was randomized. Both at desk level and at chair support level, mean (+/-SD) systolic and diastolic blood pressures were higher than blood pressure at heart level by 6.1/5.7+/-4.6/3.1 and 9.3/9.4+/-5.4/3.4 mmHg, respectively. The effect of the height differences between the arm positions on the blood pressure readings was smaller than predicted (0.49 mmHg/cm systolic and 0.47 mmHg/cm diastolic). No significant correlation was found between blood pressure difference in the different arm positions (desk and heart level) and age, sex, weight or baseline blood pressure. Different arm positions below heart level have significant effects on blood pressure readings. The leading guidelines about arm position during blood pressure measurement are not in accordance with the arm position used in the Framingham study, the most frequently used study for risk estimations.

TALGO BT - a variable gauge diesel driving unit for TALGO trains; TALGO BT - ein Diesel-Triebkopf mit variabler Spurweite fuer TALGO-Zuege

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Zander, C.P. [Siemens Krauss-Maffei Lokomotiven GmbH, Muenchen (Germany)

2000-03-01

An adjustable driving unit was developed for the variable gauge TALGO trains which have been in use for decades. The unit also has a novel type of carriage and a novel braking system. [German] Fuer die seit Jahrzehnten im Einsatz befindlichen, spurwechselfaehigen TALGO-Zuege wurde ein umspurbarer Triebkopf entwickelt. Dieses Fahrzeug ist in mehrfacher Hinsicht ohne Vorbild. Neu sind neben dem spurveraenderlichen Drehgestell die Fahrwerksanordnung und das Bremssystem. (orig.)

Technology assessment with regard to the environment. Assessment of the consequences of legislation for environment protection shown for the example of the Law on Chemicals. Final report; Technikfolgenabschaetzung - Umwelt. Gesetzesfolgenabschaetzung im Umweltschutz. Untersuchung am Beispiel des Chemikaliengesetzes. Endbericht

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Schulte-Hostede, S.

1993-12-31

The present report contains the result of a research project on `Technology assessment with regard to the environment` which was commissioned by the Federal Ministry for Research and Technology (BMFT) and carried out jointly by the GSF Research Centre for Environment and Health (GSF) and the Institute for Applied Innovation Research (IAI). In this project the Law on Protection from Harzardous Substances (Law on Chemicals) was used to exemplify the procedure of assessing the consequences of legislation in the area of environmental law. The project proposal distinguished three project phases. In the first an exemplary ex post analysis was to be carried out on a significant legal regulation (the Law on Chemicals) concerning a specific branch of industry generally considered innovative (the chemical industry). In this way it was intended to collect empirical knowledge on how regulations affect innovation processes in the individual company. In the second phase the planned amendment of the Law on Chemicals was to serve as a case example for an assessment of the consequences of legislation. In the third project phase the methodology employed in the former was to be extended for the purpose of developing an instrumentarium for the ex ante assessment of legislation. Such an instrument could permit both the corporate innovator and the innovation promoter to assess the effets of environmental legislation at the corporate level and thus develop an anticipatory conflict management. (orig./SR) [Deutsch] Der vorgelegte Bericht beinhaltet die Ergebnisse des vom GSF-Forschungszentrum fuer Umwelt und Gesundheit (GSF) und dem Institut fuer Angewandte Innovationsforschung (IAI) gemeinsam bearbeiteten BMFT-Forschungsvorhabens `Technikfolgenabschaetzung - Umwelt`. Thema war die Gesetzesfolgenabschaetzung im Bereich der Umweltschutzgesetzgebung am Beispiel des `Gesetzes zum Schutz vor gefaehrlichen Stoffen (Chemikaliengesetz)`. Der Projektvorschlag sah dabei vor, zunaechst in einer

Homosexuality in the Dutch Armed Forces 2006

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Anna Adolfsen; Saskia Keuzenkamp; m.m.v. Linda Mans

2006-01-01

Original title: Uniform uit de kast. This study looks at the attitudes of defence personnel to homosexuality. How do members of the military view homosexual colleagues? Can gays and lesbians working in the armed forces be open about their sexual preferences? Do they regard the armed forces as

TOWARDS UNIFORM RULES FOR ARMED CONFLICTS Pieter ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

the two Additional Protocols that followed in 1977, divide armed conflict into two legal categories: ... Wounded, Sick and Shipwrecked Members of Armed Forces at Sea. Third Convention ... Nationalist China; ibid 116. ... 17 Pictet op cit 43; Junod, S 'Additional Protocol II: History and Scope' (1983) 33 The. American ...

Limited consensus around ARM information protection practices1

African Journals Online (AJOL)

KATUU, Shadrack

surrounding Information Protection (IP) has been ... compares IP and ARM information protection through .... decision-making methodology used to help ... and differing requirements of institutions into account. ARM literature is prescriptive with.

Nudging Armed Groups: How Civilians Transmit Norms of Protection

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Oliver Kaplan

2013-12-01

Full Text Available What are the varying roles that norms play to either enable or constrain violence in armed conflict settings? The article examines this question by drawing on experiences from communities and armed groups in Colombia and Syria. It begins by presenting an explanation of how norms of violence and nonviolence may arise within communities and influence the behavior of civilian residents, reducing the chances of them becoming involved with armed groups. It then considers how civilian communities can transmit those same norms, shared understandings, and patterns of interaction to the ranks of illegal armed groups and subsequently shape their decisions about the use of violence against civilians. The author argues that civilians may be better positioned to promote the principles codified in International Humanitarian Law than international humanitarian organizations because they have closer contact with irregular armed actors and are viewed with greater legitimacy. The analysis illustrates that to better understand civilian protection mechanisms it is essential to study the interactions between communities and armed actors.

Cryo-scanning electron microscopy investigation of the Octopus Vulgaris arm structures for the design of an octopus-like arm artefact.

Science.gov (United States)

Minnocci, Antonio; Cianchetti, Matteo; Mazzolai, Barbara; Sebastiani, Luca; Laschi, Cecilia

2015-12-01

Octopus vulgaris is a cephalopod of the Octopodidae family. It has four pairs of arms and two rows of suckers which perform many functions, including bending and elongation. For this reason the octopus was chosen as model to develop a new generation of soft-body robots. In order to explain some of the fine structures of the octopus arm in relation to its specific ability, we examined the external and internal structures of O. vulgaris arms in a frozen-hydrated state using cryo-scanning electron microscopy. The arms showed skin with a very complex design that is useful to elongation, and a pore pattern distribution on their surface which is functional to cutaneous oxygen uptake. The analysis of freeze-fractured frozen-hydrated arm samples allowed us to describe the developmental differences in the relative proportion of the areas of axial nerve cord, intrinsic and extrinsic musculature, in relation to the growth of the arms and of the increase in functional capability. In the suckers, we analyzed the shedding mechanisms in the outer part of the infundibulum and described the outer and inner characteristics of the denticles, showing in detail their pore system, which is fundamental for their ability to explore the environment. These results are discussed by considering their possible application in the design of new octopus-like artefacts, which will be able to take advantage of some of these ultrastructure characteristics and achieve advanced bioinspired functionalities. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Galaxy Zoo: constraining the origin of spiral arms

Science.gov (United States)

Hart, Ross E.; Bamford, Steven P.; Keel, William C.; Kruk, Sandor J.; Masters, Karen L.; Simmons, Brooke D.; Smethurst, Rebecca J.

2018-05-01

Since the discovery that the majority of low-redshift galaxies exhibit some level of spiral structure, a number of theories have been proposed as to why these patterns exist. A popular explanation is a process known as swing amplification, yet there is no observational evidence to prove that such a mechanism is at play. By using a number of measured properties of galaxies, and scaling relations where there are no direct measurements, we model samples of SDSS and S4G spiral galaxies in terms of their relative halo, bulge and disc mass and size. Using these models, we test predictions of swing amplification theory with respect to directly measured spiral arm numbers from Galaxy Zoo 2. We find that neither a universal cored or cuspy inner dark matter profile can correctly predict observed numbers of arms in galaxies. However, by invoking a halo contraction/expansion model, a clear bimodality in the spiral galaxy population emerges. Approximately 40 per cent of unbarred spiral galaxies at z ≲ 0.1 and M* ≳ 1010M⊙ have spiral arms that can be modelled by swing amplification. This population display a significant correlation between predicted and observed spiral arm numbers, evidence that they are swing amplified modes. The remainder are dominated by two-arm systems for which the model predicts significantly higher arm numbers. These are likely driven by tidal interactions or other mechanisms.

Clean air litigation; Klagen fuer Saubere Luft

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2016-11-11

The pollution of air by nitrogen dioxide (NO{sub 2}) in cities is one of the central challenges of air pollution in Germany, in addition to the pollution of particulate matter (PM10). In cooperation with the British non-governmental organization ClientEarth, the German Environmental Aid (DUH) filed a lawsuit in November 2015 for exceeding air quality limits for NO{sub 2}. The cities of Stuttgart, Frankfurt, Duesseldorf, Essen, Gelsenkirchen, Aachen, Cologne and Bonn are affected. Here, citizens are constantly exposed to high air pollution. Because of the excess of the NO{sub 2} limits at all traffic-related measuring stations in Berlin, the DUH initiated legal steps and filed a lawsuit too in June 2016. With the lawsuits, DUH wants to promote the implementation of measures to reduce NO{sub 2} in Germany. [German] Die Belastung der Luft durch Stickstoffdioxid (NO{sub 2}) in Staedten ist neben der Belastung durch Feinstaub (PM10) eine der zentralen Herausforderungen der Luftreinhaltung in Deutschland. In Zusammenarbeit mit der britischen Nichtregierungsorganisation ClientEarth legte die Deutsche Umwelthilfe (DUH) im November 2015 Klage wegen Ueberschreitung der Luftqualitaetsgrenzwerte fuer NO{sub 2}ein. Betroffen sind die Staedte Stuttgart, Frankfurt, Duesseldorf, Essen, Gelsenkirchen, Aachen, Koeln und Bonn. Hier sind Buergerinnen und Buerger anhaltend zu hoher Luftverschmutzung ausgesetzt. Wegen Ueberschreitung der NO{sub 2}-Grenzwerte an allen verkehrsnahen Messstationen in Berlin hat die DUH im Juni 2016 auch hier rechtliche Schritte eingeleitet und Klage eingereicht. Mit den Klagen will die DUH die Umsetzung von Massnahmen zur NO{sub 2}-Reduktion in Deutschland voranbringen.

Grand-design Spiral Arms in a Young Forming Circumstellar Disk

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Tomida, Kengo; Lin, Chia Hui [Department of Earth and Space Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043 (Japan); Machida, Masahiro N. [Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Kyushu University, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395 (Japan); Hosokawa, Takashi [Department of Physics, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502 (Japan); Sakurai, Yuya, E-mail: tomida@vega.ess.sci.osaka-u.ac.jp [Department of Physics, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033 (Japan)

2017-01-20

We study formation and long-term evolution of a circumstellar disk in a collapsing molecular cloud core using a resistive magnetohydrodynamic simulation. While the formed circumstellar disk is initially small, it grows as accretion continues, and its radius becomes as large as 200 au toward the end of the Class-I phase. A pair of grand-design spiral arms form due to gravitational instability in the disk, and they transfer angular momentum in the highly resistive disk. Although the spiral arms disappear in a few rotations as expected in a classical theory, new spiral arms form recurrently as the disk, soon becoming unstable again by gas accretion. Such recurrent spiral arms persist throughout the Class-0 and I phases. We then perform synthetic observations and compare our model with a recent high-resolution observation of a young stellar object Elias 2–27, whose circumstellar disk has grand-design spiral arms. We find good agreement between our theoretical model and the observation. Our model suggests that the grand-design spiral arms around Elias 2–27 are consistent with material arms formed by gravitational instability. If such spiral arms commonly exist in young circumstellar disks, it implies that young circumstellar disks are considerably massive and gravitational instability is the key process of angular momentum transport.

Grand-design Spiral Arms in a Young Forming Circumstellar Disk

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Tomida, Kengo; Lin, Chia Hui; Machida, Masahiro N.; Hosokawa, Takashi; Sakurai, Yuya

2017-01-01

We study formation and long-term evolution of a circumstellar disk in a collapsing molecular cloud core using a resistive magnetohydrodynamic simulation. While the formed circumstellar disk is initially small, it grows as accretion continues, and its radius becomes as large as 200 au toward the end of the Class-I phase. A pair of grand-design spiral arms form due to gravitational instability in the disk, and they transfer angular momentum in the highly resistive disk. Although the spiral arms disappear in a few rotations as expected in a classical theory, new spiral arms form recurrently as the disk, soon becoming unstable again by gas accretion. Such recurrent spiral arms persist throughout the Class-0 and I phases. We then perform synthetic observations and compare our model with a recent high-resolution observation of a young stellar object Elias 2–27, whose circumstellar disk has grand-design spiral arms. We find good agreement between our theoretical model and the observation. Our model suggests that the grand-design spiral arms around Elias 2–27 are consistent with material arms formed by gravitational instability. If such spiral arms commonly exist in young circumstellar disks, it implies that young circumstellar disks are considerably massive and gravitational instability is the key process of angular momentum transport.

Design, construction and experimental investigation of a Stirling refrigerator for freezing in supermarkets. Final report; Auslegung, Bau und experimentelle Untersuchung einer Stirling-Kaeltemaschine fuer die Tiefkuehlung in Supermaerkten. Schlussbericht

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Steimle, F.; Schikora, H.; Mai, M.; Siegel, A.

2000-10-01

Several theoretical investigations have shown that Stirling refrigerators could be a promising alternative for refrigeration at 'near-ambient' temperatures (above -40 C). These theoretical statements shall be validated in an actual research project by measurements taken from a Stirling refrigerator that is optimised for this range of temperature. In this paper first measurement results of this new developed Solo 161 Stirling refrigerator will be presented. Problems are investigated by detailed measurements. Possible improvements are described. (orig.) [German] Verschiedene theoretische Untersuchungen haben gezeigt, dass Stirling-Kaeltemaschinen eine interessante Alternative fuer die Kaelteerzeugung im sog. 'umgebungsnahen' Temperaturbereich (oberhalb von -40 C) darstellen koennten. In einem derzeit laufenden Forschungsvorhaben sollen diese theoretischen Untersuchungen durch Messungen an einer fuer diesen Temperaturbereich optimierten Stirling-Kaeltemaschine ueberprueft werden. In diesem Aufsatz werden erste Messergebnisse dieser neu entwickelten Solo 161 Stirling-Kaeltemaschine praesentiert. Anhand detaillierter Messergebnisse werden Schwachstellen lokalisiert und moegliche Verbesserungsmassnahmen beschrieben. (orig.)

The globalization of the arms industry: The next proliferation challenge

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bitzinger, R.A.

1994-12-31

The globalization of the arms industry entails a significant shift away from traditional, single-country patterns of weapons production toward internationalization of the development, production, and marketing of arms. While wholly indigenous armaments production may be on the decline, multinational arms production - through collaboration on individual weapon systems and increasingly via interfirm linkages across the international arms industry - appears actually to be expanding. In several instances, in fact, multinational armaments production is increasingly supplementing or even supplanting indigenous or autonomous weapons production or arms imports. The emergence of an increasingly transnational defense technology and industrial base is fundamentally affecting the shape and content of much of the global arms trade. This changing defense market, in turn, will have a profound impact on a number of national security issues concerning the Western industrialized nations. 3 figs., 2 tabs.

1981 research programme and budget of Hahn-Meitner-Institut fuer Kernforschung Berlin

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Anon.

1981-01-01

Hahn-Meitner-Institut fuer Kernforschung Berlin (HMI) is one of the twelve large research centers of the Federal Republic of Germany; like the other centers, it has to present a combined research programme and budget (programme budget) every year. In these programme budgets, as in the medium-term financial planning in the federal budget, planning for the current year is combined with a medium-term plan for the three next years. For the year 1981, the budget of HMI includes a total expenditure of about DM 85 million, DM 71.2 million of which are direct R + D expenditures. This R + D programme is carried by 396 of the total staff of 705. Research is done in the following fields (approximate figures): Heavy ion physics DM 23.0 million. Radiation- and photochemistry DM 11.4 million. Solid state research DM 20.9 million. Nuclear chemistry DM 8.9 million. Data processing/electronics DM 7.0 million. (orig./UA) [de

Development of the OPESCOPE mobile C-arm system

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Tsuji, Hisao; Kadowaki, Toshio; Shimizu, Yasumitsu

1994-01-01

A new mobile C-arm X-ray fluoroscopy system called the 'OPESCOPE' equipped with a CCD TV camera and high-definition Image Intensifier has been developed. All the cables for the I.I. and X-ray generator are held inside the C-arm to prevent interference with operation and the C-arm is locked electromagnetically. Moreover, the C-arm is spring counterbalanced in the vertical motion axis. These features enable smooth positioning and uncluttered operation. The X-ray generator uses a high-frequency inverter designed to assure noiseless operation and a compact size. With the new DFS-700 videoprocessor unit being combined, clearer, more informative images can be obtained. In addition to its inherent portability this unit can be upgraded in DSA function to allow angiographic examinations in the surgical theater. (author)

Inter-arm blood pressure differences in young, healthy patients.

Science.gov (United States)

Grossman, Alon; Prokupetz, Alex; Gordon, Barak; Morag-Koren, Nira; Grossman, Ehud

2013-08-01

The prevalence and magnitude of inter-arm BP difference (IAD) in young healthy patients is not well characterized. Flight academy applicants and designated aviators undergo annual evaluation that includes blood pressure (BP) measurement on both arms. All BP measurements performed from January 1, 2012, to April 30, 2012, were recorded and IAD was calculated. Results were compared between patients in whom BP was initially measured in the right arm (group 1), those in whom BP was initially measured in the left arm (group 2), and those in whom the arm in which BP was initially measured was not recorded (group 3). A total of 877 healthy patients had BP measured during the study period. In the entire group, mean systolic BP was the same in both arms. Absolute IAD was 5.6±5.5 mm Hg for systolic and 4.7±4.5 mm Hg for diastolic BP. IAD >10 mm Hg was recorded in 111 (12.6%) and 77 (8.8%) patients for systolic and diastolic BP, respectively. IAD was the same in the 3 groups and was unrelated to age, body mass index, and heart rate, but was related to systolic BP. IAD is common in young healthy patients, is not dependent on which arm was measured first, and unrelated to age, body mass index, and heart rate. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Trigonometric parallaxes of star forming regions in the Scutum spiral arm

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sato, M.; Wu, Y. W.; Immer, K.; Zhang, B.; Sanna, A.; Brunthaler, A.; Menten, K. M.; Reid, M. J.; Dame, T. M.

2014-01-01

We report measurements of trigonometric parallaxes for six high-mass star-forming regions in the Scutum spiral arm of the Milky Way as part of the BeSSeL Survey. Combining our measurements with 10 previous measurements from the BeSSeL Survey yields a total sample of 16 sources in the Scutum arm with trigonometric parallaxes in the Galactic longitude range from 5° to 32°. Assuming a logarithmic spiral model, we estimate a pitch angle of 19.°8 ± 3.°1 for the Scutum arm, which is larger than pitch angles reported for other spiral arms. The high pitch angle of the arm may be due to the arm's proximity to the Galactic bar. The Scutum arm sources show an average peculiar motion of 4 km s –1 slower than the Galactic rotation and 8 km s –1 toward the Galactic center. While the direction of this non-circular motion has the same sign as determined for sources in other spiral arms, the motion toward the Galactic center is greater for the Scutum arm sources.

CATALOG OF OBSERVED TANGENTS TO THE SPIRAL ARMS IN THE MILKY WAY GALAXY

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Vallée, Jacques P., E-mail: jacques.vallee@nrc-cnrc.gc.ca [Herzberg Astrophysics, National Research Council Canada, National Science Infrastructure portfolio, 5071 West Saanich Road, Victoria, BC, V9E 2E7 (Canada)

2014-11-01

From the Sun's location in the Galactic disk, one can use different arm tracers (CO, H I, thermal or ionized or relativistic electrons, masers, cold and hot dust, etc.) to locate a tangent to each spiral arm in the disk of the Milky Way. We present a master catalog of the astronomically observed tangents to the Galaxy's spiral arms, using different arm tracers from the literature. Some arm tracers can have slightly divergent results from several papers, so a mean value is taken—see the Appendix for CO, H II, and masers. The catalog of means currently consists of 63 mean tracer entries, spread over many arms (Carina, Crux-Centaurus, Norma, Perseus origin, near 3 kpc, Scutum, Sagittarius), stemming from 107 original arm tracer entries. Additionally, we updated and revised a previous statistical analysis of the angular offset and linear separation from the mid-arm for each different mean arm tracer. Given enough arm tracers, and summing and averaging over all four spiral arms, one could determine if arm tracers have separate and parallel lanes in the Milky Way. This statistical analysis allows a cross-cut of a Galactic spiral arm to be made, confirming a recent discovery of a linear separation between arm tracers. Here, from the mid-arm's CO to the inner edge's hot dust, the arm halfwidth is about 340 pc; doubling would yield a full arm width of 680 pc. We briefly compare these observations with the predictions of many spiral arm theories, notably the density wave theory.

CATALOG OF OBSERVED TANGENTS TO THE SPIRAL ARMS IN THE MILKY WAY GALAXY

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Vallée, Jacques P.

2014-01-01

From the Sun's location in the Galactic disk, one can use different arm tracers (CO, H I, thermal or ionized or relativistic electrons, masers, cold and hot dust, etc.) to locate a tangent to each spiral arm in the disk of the Milky Way. We present a master catalog of the astronomically observed tangents to the Galaxy's spiral arms, using different arm tracers from the literature. Some arm tracers can have slightly divergent results from several papers, so a mean value is taken—see the Appendix for CO, H II, and masers. The catalog of means currently consists of 63 mean tracer entries, spread over many arms (Carina, Crux-Centaurus, Norma, Perseus origin, near 3 kpc, Scutum, Sagittarius), stemming from 107 original arm tracer entries. Additionally, we updated and revised a previous statistical analysis of the angular offset and linear separation from the mid-arm for each different mean arm tracer. Given enough arm tracers, and summing and averaging over all four spiral arms, one could determine if arm tracers have separate and parallel lanes in the Milky Way. This statistical analysis allows a cross-cut of a Galactic spiral arm to be made, confirming a recent discovery of a linear separation between arm tracers. Here, from the mid-arm's CO to the inner edge's hot dust, the arm halfwidth is about 340 pc; doubling would yield a full arm width of 680 pc. We briefly compare these observations with the predictions of many spiral arm theories, notably the density wave theory

Neck and arm pain syndromes

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

de las Peñas, César Fernández; Cleland, Joshua; Huijbregts, Peter

approaches.It uniquely addresses the expanding role of the various health care professions which require increased knowledge and skills in screening for contra-indications and recognizing the need for medical-surgical referral. Neck and Arm Pain Syndromes also stresses the integration of experiential......The first of its kind, Neck and Arm Pain Syndromes is a comprehensive evidence- and clinical-based book, covering research-based diagnosis, prognosis and management of neuromusculoskeletal pathologies and dysfunctions of the upper quadrant, including joint, muscle, myofascial and neural tissue...... of the most commonly seen pain syndromes in clinical practice over 800 illustrations demonstrating examination procedures and techniques....

Structure of the S6 spirel arm in the Andromeda galaxy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Efremov, Yu.N.

1982-01-01

The distribution of stars across the spiral arm S6 in M 31 within Baade's Field 4 is investigated. It is found that the brightest stars are concentrated to the middle line of the arm where the maximal star density is also observed. The symmetry of the arm S6 may be explained by its position near the corotation radius that followed from the spiral pattern velocity Ωsub(P) approximately 10 km/s kpc determined by the age gradient in the arm S4. The similarity between the structure of the arm S6 and that of the spiral arms near the Sun is pointed out [ru

Current Sharing Analysis of Arm Prototype for ITER PF Converter Bridge

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Li Jinchao; Song Zhiquan; Xu Liuwei; Fu Peng; Guo Bin; Li Sen; Dong Lin; Wang Min

2014-01-01

A bridge arm prototype of ITER poloidal field (PF) converter modules has been designed and fabricated. Non-cophase counter parallel connection is chosen as the arm structure of the prototype. Among all factors affecting current sharing, arm structure is the main one. During the design of the arm prototype, a novel method based on inductance matrixes is employed to improve the current sharing of the bridge arm. The test results on the prototype show that the current sharing performance of the arm prototype is much better than relevant design requirement, and that the matrix method is very effective to analyze and solve the current sharing problems of thyristor converters

Selected examples of online measuring techniques for N and P elimination at sewage treatment plants; Ausgewaehlte Beispiele fuer die Online-Messtechnik zur N- und P-Elimination in Klaeranlagen

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Wolffson, C.

1997-12-31

More stringent demands on the pollutant concentration of effluents call for stricter self-monitoring and enhanced process control. Devices for measuring ammonium, nitrate and phosphate that suit practical requirements are available. The readings continuously obtained can be additionally used by the control room, within the framework of modern sewage plant process control, for process monitoring. Apart from the financial advantages of saving ventilation energy and chemicals, control loops with continuous measurements are superior in that they enhance the process stability of sewage treatment. (orig.) [Deutsch] Verschaerfte Einleitungsbedingungen erfordern verstaerkte Eigenueberwachung und verbesserte Prozessregelung. Betriebstaugliche Dauermessgeraete fuer Ammonium, Nitrat und Phosphat stehen zur Verfuegung. Die kontinuierlich anfallenden Messwerte koennen im Rahmen der modernen Klaeranlagenleittechnik neben der Prozessregelung zusaetzlich in den Schaltwarten zur Prozessueber-wachung genutzt werden. Neben den Einsparungsmoeglichkeiten fuer Belueftungsenergie und Chemikalien, die einen finanziellen Vorteil bedeuten, liegt der entscheidende Vorzug der Regelkreise mit konti-nuierlichen Messungen in der Verbesserung der Prozessstabilitaet der Abwasserreinigung. (orig.)

CHARACTERIZING SPIRAL ARM AND INTERARM STAR FORMATION

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kreckel, K.; Schinnerer, E.; Meidt, S. [Max Planck Institut für Astronomie, Königstuhl 17, D-69117 Heidelberg (Germany); Blanc, G. A. [Departamento de Astronomía, Universidad de Chile, Camino del Observatorio 1515, Las Condes, Santiago (Chile); Groves, B. [Research School of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2611 (Australia); Adamo, A. [Department of Astronomy, The Oskar Klein Centre, Stockholm University, AlbaNova University Centre, SE-106 91 Stockholm (Sweden); Hughes, A., E-mail: kreckel@mpia.de [CNRS, IRAP, 9 Av. du Colonel Roche, BP 44346, F-31028 Toulouse cedex 4 (France)

2016-08-20

Interarm star formation contributes significantly to a galaxy’s star formation budget and provides an opportunity to study stellar birthplaces unperturbed by spiral arm dynamics. Using optical integral field spectroscopy of the nearby galaxy NGC 628 with VLT/MUSE, we construct H α maps including detailed corrections for dust extinction and stellar absorption to identify 391 H ii regions at 35 pc resolution over 12 kpc{sup 2}. Using tracers sensitive to the underlying gravitational potential, we associate H ii regions with either arm (271) or interarm (120) environments. Using our full spectral coverage of each region, we find that most physical properties (luminosity, size, metallicity, ionization parameter) of H ii regions are independent of environment. We calculate the fraction of H α luminosity due to the background of diffuse ionized gas (DIG) contaminating each H ii region, and find the DIG surface brightness to be higher within H ii regions than in the surroundings, and slightly higher within arm H ii regions. Use of the temperature-sensitive [S ii]/H α line ratio instead of the H α surface brightness to identify the boundaries of H ii regions does not change this result. Using the dust attenuation as a tracer of the gas, we find depletion times consistent with previous work (2 × 10{sup 9} yr) with no differences between the arm and interarm, but this is very sensitive to the DIG correction. Unlike molecular clouds, which can be dynamically affected by the galactic environment, we see fairly consistent properties of H ii regions in both arm and interarm environments. This suggests either a difference in star formation and feedback in arms or a decoupling of dense star-forming clumps from the more extended surrounding molecular gas.

Special liquid nitrogen dewar for a superconducting levitation transport system; Spezialkryostat fuer ein supraleitendes Schwebetransportsystem

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Schumann, B.; Binneberg, A. [ILK Dresden gGmbH, Dresden (Germany)

2002-07-01

Within a joint project supported by the Free State Saxony a novel bearing and transport system was developed. The prototype is based on the combination of the magnetic bearing technique using high temperature-superconductors with a non-contacting linear drive. This non-contracting 'lift' is free from friction and contaminations due to wear and therefore predestinated for applications in clean rooms, e.g. in the microelectronic technology. (orig.) [German] Im Rahmen eines Verbundprojektes, gefoerdert vom Freistaat Sachsen, wurde ein neuartiges Lager- und Transportsystem in Form einer Kombination der supraleitenden Magnetlagertechnik mit Hochtemperatursupraleitern und einem beruehrungslos arbeitenden Linearantriebssystem am Beispiel eines Demonstrators entwickelt. Der voellig beruehrungslos und damit reibungs- und abriebfrei funktionierende Lift ist fuer Anwendungen in Reinraeumen z.B. in der Mikroelektroniktechnologie praedestiniert. (orig.)

Effect of arm swing strategy on local dynamic stability of human gait.

Science.gov (United States)

Punt, Michiel; Bruijn, Sjoerd M; Wittink, Harriet; van Dieën, Jaap H

2015-02-01

Falling causes long term disability and can even lead to death. Most falls occur during gait. Therefore improving gait stability might be beneficial for people at risk of falling. Recently arm swing has been shown to influence gait stability. However at present it remains unknown which mode of arm swing creates the most stable gait. To examine how different modes of arm swing affect gait stability. Ten healthy young male subjects volunteered for this study. All subjects walked with four different arm swing instructions at seven different gait speeds. The Xsens motion capture suit was used to capture gait kinematics. Basic gait parameters, variability and stability measures were calculated. We found an increased stability in the medio-lateral direction with excessive arm swing in comparison to normal arm swing at all gait speeds. Moreover, excessive arm swing increased stability in the anterior-posterior and vertical direction at low gait speeds. Ipsilateral and inphase arm swing did not differ compared to a normal arm swing. Excessive arm swing is a promising gait manipulation to improve local dynamic stability. For excessive arm swing in the ML direction there appears to be converging evidence. The effect of excessive arm swing on more clinically relevant groups like the more fall prone elderly or stroke survivors is worth further investigating. Excessive arm swing significantly increases local dynamic stability of human gait. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.