Cirugía coronaria híbrida y tratamiento con láser y células madre. Anomalías coronarias. Cirugía del remodelado ventricular

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Guillermo Reyes

2018-01-01

Full Text Available En el presente artículo se realiza una revisión de aspectos que van más allá de la cirugía coronaria convencional. La primera parte define y explica qué son los procedimientos coronarios híbridos y en qué consiste la revascularización transmiocárdica con láser y células madre. La segunda parte aborda las anomalías congénitas coronarias, sus variantes anatómicas y cuándo deben ser intervenidas quirúrgicamente. Describe el tratamiento de los aneurismas ventriculares, la Dor y otras técnicas para tratar el remodelado ventricular. Finalmente, se describen el tratamiento de los aneurismas ventriculares, la cirugía de Dor y otras técnicas para tratar el remodelado ventricular.

Tratamento do aneurisma aterosclerótico da artéria temporal superficial: relato de caso

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Paula Dayana Matkovski

2015-09-01

Full Text Available ResumoAneurismas da artéria temporal superficial são incomuns segundo a literatura. A grande maioria é secundária a traumatismos ou cirurgia na região temporal, sendo que 95% dos casos evoluem para pseudoaneurismas. Entretanto, os aneurismas verdadeiros ou espontâneos são extremamente raros e representam 8% dos casos de aneurismas da artéria temporal superficial, sendo estes, geralmente, de origem aterosclerótica. Aneurismas temporais espontâneos podem coexistir com outras lesões vasculares, incluindo aneurismas intracranianos. Nosso relato trata de um paciente com aneurisma de artéria temporal superficial esquerda, de origem aterosclerótica, no qual foi realizada a excisão cirúrgica, sob anestesia geral.

Estudo histomorfométrico dos cardiomiócitos do ventrículo esquerdo das ratas albinas durante a prenhez Histomorphometrical study of cardiomyocytes of the left ventricular of albino rats during pregnancy

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A.W. Liberatori Filho

1999-07-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO. No presente estudo propusemo-nos a avaliar, por meio da microscopia de luz, os aspectos morfológicos e morfométricos dos cardiomiócitos do ventrículo esquerdo de ratas albinas durante a prenhez. MÉTODOS. Acasalamos doze ratas virgens que foram dividas ao acaso em quatro grupos, de acordo com a idade gestacional. Os animais correspondentes a cada grupo foram sacrificados ao 1o(G-A, 7o(G-B, 14o(G-C e 21o(G-D dias de prenhez, sendo coletados fragmentos do terço médio do ventrículo esquerdo, os quais após processamento apropriado, permitiram observação adequada à microscopia de luz. A cariometria foi realizada mensurando-se os diâmetros maiores e menores dos cardiomiócitos com o auxílio de um tambor rotativo modelo K 8 X adaptado a um microscópio de luz. RESULTADOS. O estudo em nível da microscopia de luz praticamente não mostrou alterações com o decorrer da prenhez. No entanto, a morfometria revelou que os volumes dos cardiomiócitos estão aumentados no 14o dia da prenhez, mostrando-se estatisticamente significante quando comparado aos demais grupos estudados. Assim, nossos resultados demonstraram haver hipertrofia ventricular esquerda durante a gestação. CONCLUSÃO. Durante a gestação há um processo dinâmico reversível de remodelação ventricular em conseqüência das alterações adaptativas gravídicas.PURPOSE. In the present study we evaluated, by light microscopy, and throughout morphometry, whether hypertrophy of cardiac striated muscular fibers of left ventricular occur in albino rat, during pregnancy. METHODS. After maiting, 12 nuliparous rats were divided into four groups with three animals for each group. The female rats corresponding to each group were killed at 1st, 7th, 14th and 21st days of pregnancy. RESULTS. Observation, on light microscopy (H.E had at one view, did not display any alterations during pregnancy. However, the morphometry revealed that nuclei of cardiomyocytes are augmented in

Desempenho cognitivo em pacientes operados de aneurisma cerebral

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FOBE JEAN-LUC

1999-01-01

Full Text Available Vinte e cinco pacientes operados de aneurisma cerebral foram submetidos a avaliação cognitiva pós operatória tardia para linguagem, praxia, orientação, lógica, compreensão, memória, depressão, demência e gnosia visual. Os resultados foram correlacionados com idade, escala de Hunt-Hess à admissão, lado, local e tamanho do aneurisma, sangue à TC (Fisher, vaso-espasmo angiográfico (George. Déficit cognitivo tardio estava ausente em 8 pacientes (32%, era leve em 5 (20%, moderado em 6 (24% e grave em 6 (24%. A função cognitiva isoladamente mais alterada foi a da lógica com acometimento moderado e grave em 7 pacientes (28%, seguida de praxia em 6 (24%, orientação em 5 (20%, linguagem e memória em 4 (16%. A alteração gnósica visual, demência e depressão foram pouco frequentes. A compreensão estava levemente alterada em 3 pacientes. Na faixa etária 25-50 anos ocorreu melhor resultado cognitivo com sequela inexistente ou leve em 9 pacientes (75%. Os aneurismas da artéria comunicante posterior direita apresentaram déficit cognitivo tardio ausente ou leve em 5 pacientes (71,42%, os da artéria cerebral média direita apresentaram resultado equivalente em 2 (66,66%. Os aneurismas de artéria cerebral média esquerda apresentaram o pior resultado com sequela cognitiva moderada e grave em 5 pacientes (71,42%. As sequelas neuropsicológicas tardias apresentaram correlação direta com a idade, Hunt-Hess, sangue à TC, vaso-espasmo angiográfico e localização anatômica do aneurisma.

Aneurisma del seno de Valsalva derecho

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Rebeca Manrique

2010-10-01

Full Text Available Varón de 60 años con antecedente de hipertensión arterial, diagnosticado incidentalmente de aneurisma del seno de Valsalva derecho de 7 cm con insuficiencia aórtica ligera. Bajo circulación extracorpórea y pinzamiento aórtico se reseca el aneurisma y se reconstruye el defecto con un parche de prótesis Dacron Hemashield Platinum® (Maquet, Rastatt, Alemania, reimplantando el ostium coronario derecho y realizando derivación aortocoronaria a primera marginal con vena safena (hallazgo en cateterismo preoperatorio. La ecocardiografía intraoperatoria objetivó insuficiencia aórtica trivial residual. Como complicación postoperatoria presentó ictus en el territorio de la cerebral media izquierda, con restitutio ad integrum.

Remodelamento reverso cirúrgico do ventrículo esquerdo: seguimento de 111 meses Surgical reverse remodelling of the left ventricle: 111 months of follow-up

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Rui M. S. Almeida

2009-12-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Apresentar a experiência do Instituto de Cirurgia Cardiovascular do Oeste do Paraná (ICCOP com o tratamento de aneurismas de ventrículo esquerdo, com a técnica de endoventriculoplastia com exclusão septal (EVES, imediata e o seguimento por 111 meses. MÉTODOS: No período de abril de 1999 a 2006, 28 pacientes foram submetidos a EVES, pelo autor. Foram analisadas, retrospectivamente, variáveis clínicas e ecocardiográficas pré, trans e pós-operatórias tardias. A idade média era de 59,0 ± 9,5 anos, sendo 23 pacientes do sexo masculino. Dezessete pacientes estavam em classe funcional IV e o EuroScore médio foi 8,2 ± 2,3. Os valores pré-operatórios de fração de ejeção, volumes sistólico e diastólico finais do ventrículo esquerdo foram, respectivamente, 32,3 ± 9,2%, 113,9 ± 36,0 ml e 179,2 ± 48,4 ml. Foi aplicada a versão brasileira do questionário de qualidade de vida SF36 no pós-operatório tardio. RESULTADOS: A mortalidade imediata foi de quatro pacientes por síndrome de baixo débito e arritmia. O tempo médio de seguimento pós-operatório foi 5,6 ± 3,2 anos. A fração de ejeção de ventrículo esquerdo foi fator significativo na mortalidade imediata (P=0,0222 e o tempo de parada cardíaca anóxica na tardia (P=0,0123. A análise atuarial de sobrevivência demonstrou uma sobrevida de 82,1 ± 7,2%, e 54,7 ± 22,9%, respectivamente, antes e depois de 107 meses, de seguimento. CONCLUSÕES: A cirurgia da EVES é efetiva no tratamento desse grupo de pacientes, com melhora da função ventricular esquerda (de 32,3 para 46,4% e da qualidade de vida dos pacientes.OBJECTIVE: To present the Instituto de Cirurgia Cardiovascular do Oeste do Paraná' (ICCOP surgical experience, on the treatment of left ventricle aneurysms, by endoventriculoplasty, with septal exclusion (EVSE, and a 111 months follow-up. METHODS: Between April 1999 and April 2006, 28 patients were submitted to EVSE, by the author. Pre, trans and late

Considerações clínicas e cirúrgicas sobre aneurismas intracranianos

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Mário S. Cademartori

1969-09-01

Full Text Available São revistos os principais sintomas apresentados por 83 pacientes com aneurismas intracranianos nas seguintes localizações: 41 no sistema carotídeo, 19 no da artéria silviana, 19 no da artéria cerebral anterior e 4 no da artéria basilar. Como método de tratamento, a cirurgia intracraniana foi realizada em 49 pacientes, dos quais 27 apresentavam aneurisma no sifão carotídeo, 14 na cerebral média e 8 na cerebral anterior. A mortalidade operatoria foi de 37% entre os pacientes com aneurisma do sifão carotídeo, de 28,5% nos do grupo da artéria silviana e de 50% nos do grupo da artéria cerebral anterior. Não houve óbito nos 7 pacientes nos quais foi feita oclusão da carótida. A morbilidade foi de 12% nos casos de aneurismas carotídeos, de 20% nos de aneurismas da cerebral média, de 50% nos de cerebral anterior e de 29% naqueles em que a carótida primitiva foi ligada. Como métodos auxiliares, foi utilizada a hipotermia com circulação extra-corpórea em dois pacientes com aneurismas da artéria comunicante anterior e drenagem espinhal contínua em 19 casos. Controles arteriográficos pós-operatórios, feitos em 16 casos, permitiram verificar a eficácia dos procedimentos utilizados bem como algumas falhas de técnica cirúrgica.

Irrigação dos músculos papilares do ventrículo esquerdo do coração de caninos (Canis familiaris, L. 1758

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Magali Gaspar Lourenço

2007-06-01

Full Text Available A irrigação dos músculos papilares tem informações incompletas sobre a distribuição dos vasos arteriais. Objetivando estabelecer a origem destas artérias e sua distribuição nos músculos papilares do ventrículo esquerdo, utilizamos 30 corações de cães adultos, machos e fêmeas de raça não definida e de várias idades. Após o óbito, o coração foi removido, lavado em água corrente e em seguida injetado através do óstio da artéria coronária esquerda com uma solução de acetato de vinil corado, neoprene látex 650 corado ou gelatina a 10%. Os músculos papilares em todas as técnicas utilizadas foram fixados com solução de formol a 10%. A dissecação foi realizada de forma acelerada com o uso de solução de ácido sulfúrico a 40%. Para realização das radiografias utilizamos injeção de mercúrio o que auxiliou a montagem dos esquemas da vascularização estudada. Utilizamos a técnica de diafanização de Spalteholz para melhor visualizar a irrigação cardíaca. Evidenciamos que os músculos papilares subauricular e subatrial são irrigados pelos ramos da artéria coronária esquerda. O subauricular pelos ramos interventricular paraconal e circunflexo e o subatrial predominantemente pelo ramo circunflexo. Os subsegmentos que suprem o subauricular do ramo interventricular paraconal são os ramos: colateral e ventriculares à esquerda; e do ramo circunflexo são os ramos: dorsais à esquerda e intermédio (marginal ventricular esquerdo e mais raramente o ramo da borda ventricular esquerda (ramo diafragmático. Os subsegmentos do ramo circunflexo que suprem o subatrial são os ramos: intermédio (marginal ventricular esquerdo, da borda ventricular esquerda (ramo diafragmático, ramos dorsais direito e ramo interventricular subsinuoso. Em alguns casos observamos o ramo colateral e o próprio ramo interventricular paraconal atingirem a porção do vértice do subatrial.

Factores de riesgo para la recanalización de los aneurismas cerebrales tratados con coils desprendibles

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Carlos Mario Jiménez Yepes

2008-11-01

Full Text Available INTRODUCCIÓN: la efectividad de la embolización con coils de los aneurismas cerebrales se apoya en última instancia en su capacidad para lograr la exclusión del flujo sanguíneo del interior del aneurisma, que a su vez es el mecanismo por medio del cual se previene el resangrado. Los buenos resultados a corto y mediano plazo de la terapia endovascular con coils para la oclusión de aneurismas cerebrales no están discusión, siempre y cuando sean medidos en términos de complicaciones y prevención del resangrado, e incluso son mejores que con cirugía abierta, como lo han demostrado estudios tanto retrospectivos como prospectivos El problema aparece cuando se evalúa la persistencia de la oclusión de los aneurismas a largo plazo. A pesar de las ventajas de la terapia endovascular con coils, los aneurismas embolizados con este método en ocasiones se recanalizan y se requieren intervenciones adicionales, hecho que se constituye en la principal desventaja de esta modalidad de tratamiento. Este fenómeno, llamado recanalización, se ha reportado hasta en, aproximadamente, un tercio de los pacientes. Se han reportado frecuencias de recanalización del 28% en el primer año, 20% entre el primer y segundo años y 14% entre el segundo y tercer años, mostrando un patrón de recanalización que declina progresivamente hasta el tercer año, después del cual ya prácticamente no se presenta. Cognard y colaboradores (Radiology 1999,212;384-356 encontraron una frecuencia de recanalización del 14% en los aneurismas totalmente ocluidos y del 30% en los parcialmente ocluidos, con una frecuencia continua de recurrencia del 5% a los 3 meses, 9% a los 18 meses y 8% a los 38 meses luego de la embolización. En la serie reportada por Hayakawa (J Neurosurgery 2000, 193;561- 568 49% de los aneurismas tratados por medio de coils se hicieron recurrentes debido a recanalización de la luz meses o años después del tratamiento inicial. Como se puede ver a partir

Úlceras penetrantes aórticas múltiples y aneurisma torácico descendente

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María Bueno

2006-01-01

Full Text Available Las úlceras penetrantes de aorta (UPA están causadas por ruptura de una placa aterosclerótica. Asociadas a hematoma intramural, son equivalentes a una disección. Evolucionan a disección, ruptura y aneurismas. Varón de 78 años con antecedentes de hipertensión y neoplasia de colon intervenida con enfermedad residual. En la TC de control aparece imagen de aneurisma de aorta torácica descendente. La RM muestra UPA y aneurisma (Fig. 1. Se realizó tratamiento endovascular por vía femoral y anestesia general, monitorizando la presión del líquido cefalorraquídeo. Se excluyeron el aneurisma y las úlceras (Fig. 2. Fue dado de alta en 48 h.

Diagnóstico y tratamiento de los aneurismas saculares de la arteria cerebral anterior

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Raúl F. Matera

1956-12-01

Full Text Available Hacemos un estudio anátomo-funcional de la arteria cerebral anterior recalcando la importancia que tiene la ligadura de esta arteria. Sintetizamos la patogenia de los aneurismas en cuatro hechos fundamentales: los aneurismas vestigiales originados en brotes vasculares no desarrollados o que no han involucionado normalmente; la falta de desarrollo de la túnica elástica en la zona de bifurcación de los grandes vasos; la arterioesclerosis; los procesos inflamatorios de la túnica media (sífilis y micosis. Hacemos un estudio clínico de los aneurismas del complejo cerebral-comunicante anterior, llamando la atención sobre aquellos en los que, a las hemorragias subaracnoidales, se asocian manifestaciones en el fondo de ojo, trastornos psíquicos y fenómenos motores. Llamamos la atención sobre las formas pseudo-tumorales quiasmáticas y los denominados aneurismas trombosantes que originan el síndrome progresivo fronto-cíngulo-calloso. Estudiamos la radiología simple de los aneurismas de esta región, llamando la atención sobre las calcificaciones cirsoideas suprasellares y los fenómenos de erosión de la silla turca. Llamamos la atención sobre la importancia de la arteriografía para confirmar el diagnóstico, estudiar la circulación colateral, el tamaño, la forma y el pedículo del aneurisma, elementos fundamentales para el plan operatório. En el tratamiento quirúrgico descartamos, por ineficaz, la ligadura de la carótida interna en el cuello. Es fundamental el abordaje intracraneano por vía subfrontal en los aneurismas de la porción précomunicante y comunicante con desarrollo hacia abajo, mientras que, la via sagital-frontal se utilizará en los aneurismas de desarrollo hacia arriba ya sea de la comunicante o de la porción distal de la arteria cerebral anterior o sus ramas. Insistimos sobre un hecho muy importante cual es la anestesia y, en especial, el uso de la hipotensión controlada, insistiendo de que la tensión se

Volume ventricular esquerdo crítico na estenose aórtica no primeiro ano de vida: sua importância na seleção de pacientes candidatos à correção univentricular pós-valvotomia Critical left ventricular volume in aortic stenosis in first year of life: its importance in patients selection candidates to univentricular surgical correction pos-valvotomy

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Marco Aurélio Santos

2005-09-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Análise do volume diastólico final ventricular esquerdo crítico, definido como o menor volume aceitável para a manutenção do débito cardíaco, na seleção de pacientes com estenose aórtica pós-valvotomia, candidatos à correção univentricular. MÉTODOS: Estudo retrospectivo em 21 pacientes com estenose aórtica, durante o primeiro ano de vida, e 232 compilados da literatura. Arbitraram-se como normais os valores do volume diastólico final (VDF de 20 a 60 ml/m2. Foi comparado o VDF dos grupos que foram ao óbito com aqueles que sobreviveram. Procurou-se, também, estabelecer uma correlação da idade e volume ventricular, na época da valvotomia, entre os grupos. Por fim, determinou-se o VDF esquerdo crítico, obtido através de uma relação teórica entre o VDF esquerdo e freqüência cardíaca para diferentes frações de ejeção e determinados índices cardíacos (IC: 2.000 e 2.500 ml/min/m2. RESULTADOS: Para valores do VDF 60 ml/m2, houve significância estatística entre os mortos e os sobreviventes (pOBJECTIVE: Analysis of critical end diastolic left ventricular volume (EDLVV, defined as the lowest acceptable volume to keep cardiac output, in the selection of patients with post-valvotomy aortic stenosis, candidates to univentricular correction. METHODS: A retrospective study in 21 patients with aortic stenosis, during the first year of life, and 232 patients compiled from literature. Values of end diastolic volume (EDLVV, from 20 to 60 ml/m2 were determined as normal. The EDLVV of deceased patients was compared to that from survival patients. A correlation between the age and EDLVV was carried out at the time of valvotomy, between the groups. Finally, the critical EDLVV through the theoretical relationship between the EDLVV and heart rate for different ejection fractions and designated cardiac indexes (CI: 2,000 and 2,500 20-60 ml/min/m2 was determined. RESULTS: For EDLVV values 60 ml/m2, there was statistical

Cardiomiopatia de Takotsubo: uma causa rara de choque cardiogênico simulando infarto agudo do miocárdio Takotsubo cardiomiopathy: a rare cause of cardiogenic shock simulating acute myocardial infarction

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Jayro Thadeu Paiva de Vasconcelos

2005-08-01

Full Text Available Cardiomiopatia de Takotsubo é uma causa rara de aneurisma ventricular esquerdo agudo, na ausência de coronariopatia, só recentemente descrita na literatura mundial. Os sintomas podem assemelhar-se aos do infarto agudo do miocárdio com dor torácica típica. A imagem do balonamento ventricular sugestivo de haltere ou "Takotsubo" (dispositivo utilizado no Japão para prender Octopus é característico desta nova síndrome e usualmente há desaparecimento do movimento discinético até o 18º dia do início dos sintomas, em média.Takotsubo Cardiomiopathy is a rare cause of acute left ventricular aneurysm, in the absence of coronariopathy, only recently described in world literature. Symptoms may be similar to those from acute myocardial infarction with typical thoracic pain. The image of dumbbell or Takotsubo (a device used in Japan to capture octopus suggestive ventricular ballooning is characteristic of that new syndrome and there is usually the disappearing of dyskinetic movement up to the 18th day from the beginning of the symptoms, in average.

Pseudoaneurisma de ventrículo esquerdo associado a insuficiência mitral grave complicando infarto agudo do miocárdio ínfero-látero-dorsal Left ventricular pseudoaneurysm associated to severe mitral insufficiency, complicating inferolaterodorsal acute myocardial infarction

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João Luiz de A. A. Falcão

2005-06-01

Full Text Available Descrevemos um caso de pseudoaneurisma de ventrículo esquerdo associado a grave regurgitação mitral, complicando um infarto ínfero-látero-dorsal. A lesão foi descoberta em ecocardiograma de rotina durante o seguimento ambulatorial. Destacam-se a estratégia cirúrgica bem sucedida, e a boa evolução clínica da paciente.We described a case of left ventricular pseudoaneurysm associated to a severe mitral regurgitation, complicating a inferolaterodorsal acute myocardial infarction. The lesion was found in a routine echocardiogram during the in-hospital follow-up. The well-succeeded surgical strategy and the good clinical evolution of the patient were distinguished.

Aneurisma congénito de la orejuela izquierda. Caso clínico

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Johanna T. Otero

2008-04-01

Full Text Available El aneurisma auricular congénito es una enfermedad muy rara y su localización más frecuente es la orejuela de la aurícula izquierda con 51 casos comunicados en la literatura. La mayoría son asintomáticos, por lo que su diagnóstico es por hallazgo en técnicas de imagen. Presentamos el caso de un lactante de 4 meses, de género masculino, portador de un síndrome de Treacher-Collins o disostosis mandibulofacial y síndrome bronquial obstructivo cuyo estudio de técnicas de imagen diagnostica un aneurisma de la orejuela izquierda.Se realiza resección quirúrgica del aneurisma bajo circulación extracorpórea sin incidentes. En el seguimiento a 12 meses el paciente se encuentra asintomático y sin videncia ecocardiográfica de recurrencia.

Correção cirúrgica do aneurisma de ventrículo esquerdo: comparação entre as técnicas de sutura linear e reconstrução geométrica Surgical correction of left ventricular aneurysm: comparison between linear suture and geometric reconstruction techniques

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Cássio José SGARBI

2000-12-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVOS: Avaliar a evolução até 15 anos de acompanhamento dos pacientes submetidos a correção cirúrgica do aneurisma de ventrículo esquerdo, comparando as técnicas de sutura linear (RL e reconstrução geométrica(RG. CASUÍSTICA E MÉTODOS: Foram estudados 213 pacientes; destes, 166 (77,9% eram do sexo masculino. A idade média foi de 53,1 anos (DP= 9,9 anos, variando de 24 a 73 anos. Do total dos pacientes, 145 (68% foram operados pela técnica de SL e 68 (32% submetidos a RG de VE. A sobrevivência tardia foi medida com o auxílio do método de Kaplan - Meier. Também foram avaliadas a presença de trombo mural, a incidência de óbitos intra-hospitalares e a possibilidade de revascularização concomitante do miocárdio. As diferenças estatísticas (p valor foram medidas pelos métodos de "Log Rank" nas curvas atuariais de sobrevivência e pelo método de "Nonparametric Test" (teste de duas simples proporções nas demais comparações. RESULTADOS: O estudo atuarial após 10 anos de acompanhamento dos pacientes submetidos a SL e RG do VE revelou uma sobrevivência de 47,19% (EP=0,056 e de 63,55% (EP=0,068, respectivamente, não apresentando diferença significativa (p= 0,56. Nos dois grupos associados, a sobrevivência foi de 51,34% (EP=0,0473 com 10 anos e de 35,77% (EP=0,0648 com 15 anos de acompanhamento. A incidência de óbitos intra-hospitalares foi de 9,5% no primeiro grupo e de 16,6% no segundo, com p=0,17 e a retirada de trombos da cavidade ventricular esquerda foi de 31,72% e 44,12%, respectivamente, com p=0,07. Foram revascularizados 69% dos pacientes submetidos a SL e 85,3% dos submetidos a RG de VE. Demonstrou-se uma sobrevivência superior, em 10 anos de acompanhamento, para os pacientes revascularizados (p=0,008. CONCLUSÕES: Não houve diferença significativa na curva de sobrevivência dos pacientes comparando as técnicas de sutura linear e reconstrução geométrica de VE. Também foi demonstrado a superioridade

Aneurisma y fístula arterio-venosa renal: manejo quirúrgico laparoscópico asistido por robot

OpenAIRE

CASTILLO C,OCTAVIO A; CUENTAS J,MARIANO; VIDANGOS V,RUBÉN; GUTIÉRREZ,RODRIGO; PALAVECINO R,PATRICIO

2013-01-01

Introducción: Los aneurismas de la arteria renal constituyen una patología infrecuente, y plantean dificultades en la decisión terapéutica. Objetivo: Presentar un caso de un aneurisma complejo intrarenal, asociado a una fístula arterio-venosa de alto flujo, el cual fue resuelto con asistencia robótica. Caso clínico: Paciente de 51 años, con historia prolongada de hipertensión arterial, al cual, en estudio radiológico de rutina, se le diagnostica 3 aneurismas intrarenales derechos, asociado a ...

Avaliação quantitativa da movimentação parietal regional do ventrículo esquerdo na endomiocardiofibrose Quantitative assessment of left ventricular regional wall motion in endomyocardial fibrosis

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Charles Mady

2005-03-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Analisar a movimentação parietal regional do ventrículo esquerdo (VE em pacientes com endomiocardiofibrose (EMF. MÉTODOS: Estudados 88 pacientes, 59 do sexo feminino, com idade média de 39±13 anos (variação de 9 a 65 com evidência ecocardiográfica e angiográfica de EMF do VE. A intensidade da deposição de tecido fibroso na cineventriculografia contrastada foi classificada como discreta, moderada ou importante. A fração de ejeção global do ventrículo esquerdo (FEVE foi determinada pelo método área-comprimento por meio da ventriculografia. O movimento foi medido em 100 cordas eqüidistantes e perpendiculares à linha média desenhada no meio dos contornos diastólico e sistólico finais e normalizadas para o tamanho cardíaco. Analisaram-se cinco segmentos do VE: A - apical; AL - ântero-lateral; AB - ântero-basal; IA - ínfero-apical; IB - ínfero-basal. A anormalidade foi expressa em unidades de desvio padrão do movimento médio em uma população de referência normal, composta por 103 pacientes com VE normal, conforme dados de clínica, eletrocardiograma e padrões angiográficos. RESULTADOS: A FEVE média foi de 0,47±0,12. O envolvimento de tecido fibroso do VE foi discreto em 12 pacientes, moderado em 40 e importante em 36. As regiões com pior movimentação parietal foram A (-1,4±1,6 desvio-padrão/cordas e IA (-1,6±1,8 desvio-padrão/cordas comparadas com AB (-0,3±1,9 desvio-padrão /cordas, AL (-0,5±1,8 desvio-padrão/cordas e IB (-0,9±1,3 desvio-padrão/cordas. Não se observou relação entre a intensidade de envolvimento do tecido fibroso e a manutenção parietal regional. CONCLUSÃO : Existe alteração da movimentação parietal regional na EMF e é independente da intensidade de deposição de tecido fibroso avaliada qualitativamente. O envolvimento não uniforme do VE deve ser levado em conta no planejamento cirúrgico dessa doença.OBJECTIVE: To analyze left ventricular (LV regional wall

Modelo experimental estável de aneurisma sacular em artéria carótida de suínos utilizando veia jugular interna

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Severino Lourenço da Silva Júnior

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Desenvolver um modelo experimental estável de aneurisma sacular em carótida de suínos utilizando veia jugular interna. MÉTODOS: Em 12 suínos sadios, com peso variando entre 25 e 50kg, cinco machos e sete fêmeas, foi confeccionado aneurisma na artéria carótida comum direita. Após arteriotomia elíptica, foi realizada anastomose terminolateral com coto distal de veia jugular interna. O volume do aneurisma era calculado de maneira que o valor não excedesse em 27 vezes o valor da área da arteriotomia. Após seis dias, era realizada angiografia e análise microscópica do aneurisma para avaliar perviedade e trombose parcial ou total. RESULTADOS: Houve ganho de peso significante dos suínos no intervalo de tempo entre a confecção do aneurisma e a angiografia (p = 0,04. Foi observada perviedade aneurismática em dez suínos (83%. Ocorreram infecções de feridas operatórias em dois animais (16,6%, ambas com início de aparecimento em três dias após a confecção do aneurisma. Análise histológica dos aneurismas mostrou trombos ocluindo parcialmente a luz em nove suínos (75%. Nesses animais, observou-se que, em média, 9% da luz aneurismática estava preenchida por trombos. CONCLUSÃO: Pôde ser desenvolvido um modelo experimental estável de aneurisma sacular em carótida de suínos utilizando veia jugular interna.

Aneurismas e dissecções da aorta: progresso nos resultados imediatos do tratamento cirúrgico

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FONTES Ronaldo D.

1998-01-01

Full Text Available Após 1989, introduzimos algumas alterações no tratamento cirúrgico dos aneurismas e dissecções da aorta, em nosso Serviço, entre elas maior rapidez no diagnóstico, uso de parada circulatória, hipotermia profunda, parada circulatória total, monitorização hemodinâmica, controle dos distúrbios de coagulação, controle da pressão liquórica, implantação das artérias intercostais. Entre janeiro de 1980 e julho de 1994, 520 pacientes foram submetidos a tratamento cirúrgico de aneurismas ou dissecções da aorta, de forma consecutiva e não selecionados. Os pacientes foram divididos em três grupos, de acordo com o diagnóstico: ? Aneurisma de aorta ascendente (AAAS ? Aneurisma de arco aórtico (AAAO ? Dissecção aguda da aorta tipos I e II (DAAO I e II Nos três grupos, a mortalidade foi significativamente inferior para pacientes operados no período após 1989. Variáveis preditivas de mortalidade para AAAS foram: complicações pulmonares (p = 0,0210, renais (p = 0,0310, neurológicas (p < 0,0001. Para DAAO I e II, a hipertensão arterial (p < 0,0001, complicações cardíacas (p < 0,0001, neurológicas (p < 0,0001, renais (p < 0,0001 e a rotura (p < 0,0001 foram preditivas de óbito, e para AAAO foram as variáveis: idade (p = 0,0001 e complicações renais (p = 0,0015. Os autores concluem que as modificações introduzidas no método de tratamento cirúrgico dos aneurismas e dissecções da aorta contribuíram significativamente para a melhora dos resultados.

Aneurisma verdadeiro pós-traumático de artéria temporal

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Ana Julia de Deus Silva

Full Text Available Resumo Os aneurismas de artéria temporal pós-traumático são eventos raros. Geralmente, são pseudoaneurismas. Como a causa mais frequente são ferimentos contusos, deve-se investigar todo paciente que possuir nodulação pulsátil na região da artéria temporal. O paciente apresentava protuberância pulsátil em região frontal direita há quatro meses, após queda de objeto pontiagudo, e o eco-Doppler evidenciou dilatação aneurismática. Assim, foi indicada sua excisão, que foi realizada com sucesso. O exame anatomopatológico demonstrou aneurisma verdadeiro traumático de artéria temporal superficial. Ocorrem devido ao fato de a artéria temporal superficial se localizar diretamente sobre o periósteo, o que a torna muito superficializada. Os aneurismas verdadeiros pós-traumáticos de artéria temporal são extremamente raros e podem ser confundidos com diversas outras afecções, como lipomas e cistos sebáceos.

Aneurisma da artéria cerebelar ântero-inferior: relato de caso Aneurysm of the anterior inferior cerebellar artery: case report

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Juan Oscar Alarcón Adorno

2002-12-01

Full Text Available Os aneurismas intracranianos do sistema vértebro-basilar representam cerca de 5 a 10% de todos os aneurismas cerebrais. Os aneurismas da artéria cerebelar ântero-inferior (AICA são considerados raros, podendo causar síndrome do ângulo ponto cerebelar, com ou sem hemorragia subaracnóidea. Desde 1948, foram descritos poucos casos na literatura. Apresentamos o caso de uma paciente, de 33 anos, na qual, após investigação de quadro de hemorragia subaracnóidea, diagnosticou-se aneurisma sacular da AICA esquerda. Foi submetida a clipagem do aneurisma, com ótimo resultado pós operatório.The intracranial aneurysms of the posterior circulation have been reported between 5 and 10% of all cerebral aneurysms and the aneurysms of the anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA are considered rare, can cause cerebello pontine angle (CPA syndrome with or without subarachnoid hemorrhage. Since 1948 few cases were described in the literature. We report on a 33 year-old female patient with subarachnoid hemorrhage due to sacular aneurysm of the left AICA. She was submitted to clipage of the aneurysm without complications.

Complicaciones por rotura de aneurismas cerebrales en pacientes operados Hospital Nacional Alberto Sabogal Sologuren 2006 - 2014

OpenAIRE

Coasaca Torres, Juan Amilcar

2016-01-01

Determinar las complicaciones que se presentan en el periodo preoperatorio, intraoperatorio y postoperatorio de los pacientes operados de aneurisma cerebral roto en el Hospital Nacional Alberto Sabogal Sologuren de 2006 a 2014. Para lo que se realizó un estudio cuantitativo, observacional, descriptivo, transversal y retrospectivo. Se revisaron las Historias Clínicas de los pacientes operados (clipaje) de aneurisma cerebral roto, que reunían los criterios de inclusión. La data obtenida fue eva...

Tratamento farmacológico e interações medicamentosas em pacientes com aneurisma da aorta abdominal

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Heverton Alves Peres

2015-01-01

Full Text Available O aneurisma da aorta abdominal (AAA ocorre quando há uma dilatação anormal e irreversível da artéria superior a 50% do calibre esperado para o vaso e associa-se a uma mortalidade de 80 a 90%. O controle dos principais fatores de risco como a hipertensão, dislipidemia, tabagismo e doenças trombóticas em aneurismas pequenos é feito por vários medicamentos que evitam o desenvolvimento e ruptura do aneurisma, no entanto, o uso destes associados a outros medicamentos pode desencadear interações medicamentosas relevantes sendo crucial o conhecimento sobre estas. Atualmente, há poucos dados na literatura sobre o tratamento farmacológico e interações medicamentosas em pacientes com AAA, sendo o objetivo desta revisão, descrever a farmacoterapia e interações medicamentosas em pacientes com AAA.

Formas clínicas de los aneurismas arteriales intracraneanos

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Alejandro H. Schroeder

1952-06-01

Full Text Available Los autores exponen las modalidades clínicas que presentan los aneurismas arteriales intracraneanos, baseando su clasificación en experiencia propia que es de 30 casos, y exponen 9 casos típicos que describen clínica y arteriográficamente, relatando el método quirúrgico utilizado. El diagnóstico del aneurisma arterial y la localización del mismo se hace siempre de manera precisa por la arteriografía, método que tiene un mínimo de riezgo (los autores han hecho 400 arteriografías sin accidente grave. Los autores consideran la clasificación propucsta como previa que, a medida que se amplie la experiencia, habrá que modificar o completar. La clasificación empleada es la que va a continuación: 1 formas de hemorragias meningeas; 2 formas con parálisis de los músculos oculares extrínsecos; 3 formas pseudo-tumorales; 4 formas pseudo-encefa-líticas; 5 formas con epilepsia clinicamente esencial.

Screening for abdominal aortic aneurysms Rastreamento de aneurismas da aorta abdominal

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Telmo Pedro Bonamigo

2003-01-01

Full Text Available OBJECTIVE AND METHODS: Screening for abdominal aortic aneurysms may be useful to decrease mortality related to rupture. We conducted a study to assess the prevalence of abdominal aortic aneurysms in southern Brazil and to define risk factors associated with high prevalence of this disorder. The screening was conducted using abdominal ultrasound. Three groups were studied: Group 1 - cardiology clinic patients; Group 2 - individuals with severe ischemic disease and previous coronary surgery, or important lesions on cardiac catheterism; Group 3 - individuals without cardiac disease selected from the general population. All individuals were male and older than 54 years of age. The ultrasonographic diagnosis of aneurysm was based on an anteroposterior abdominal aorta diameter of 3 cm, or on an abdominal aorta diameter 0.5 cm greater than that of the supra-renal aorta. RESULTS: A total of 2.281 people were screened for abdominal aortic aneurysms in all groups: Group 1 - 768 individuals, Group 2 - 501 individuals, and Group 3 - 1012 individuals. The prevalence of aneurysms was 4.3%, 6.8% and 1.7%, respectively. Age and cigarette smoking were significantly associated with increased prevalence of aneurysms, as was the diagnosis of peripheral artery disease. DISCUSSION: We concluded that screening may be an important tool to prevent the mortality associated with abdominal aortic aneurysms surgery. Additionally, the cost of screening can be decreased if only individuals presenting significant risk factors, such as coronary and peripheral artery disease, smokers and relatives of aneurysm patients, are examined.OBJETIVO E MÉTODOS: O rastreamento de aneurisma da aorta abdominal infra-renal é importante pois pode diminuir a mortalidade relacionada à ruptura. Realizamos um estudo para definir a prevalência desses aneurismas em diversos segmentos da população em nossa região do Brasil. O rastreamento foi realizado utilizando-se a ecografia de abdômen. Tr

Propuesta de Plan de Cuidado a la Persona con Aneurisma Cerebral

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Jully Catherine Acevedo Arguello

2012-08-01

Full Text Available Objetivo: Describir el plan de cuidado a la persona con Aneurisma Cerebral. Métodos: Se identificaron los dominios de Enfermería alterados y las necesidades frecuentes en el proceso de salud-enfermedad (Aneurisma Cerebral; también se estableció el juicio (Diagnóstico de enfermería NANDA que orientó la implementación de objetivos (NOC y desarrollo de actividades e intervenciones de enfermería (NIC; todo ello con el fin de brindar cuidados integrales a la persona, la familia y la comunidad, conservar el funcionamiento neurológico y prevenir el riesgo de complicaciones en la persona al cuidado de enfermería con una enfermedad cerebrovascular. Resultados y Conclusiones: Los aneurismas cerebrales son dilataciones localizadas de la pared del vaso arterial y por lo general se encuentran en puntos de bifurcación o en relación con el origen de una rama arterial; todos los aneurismas cerebrales tienen potencial de ruptura y causan complicaciones serias como el accidente cerebro-vascular hemorrágico, situación clínica crítica conocida como hemorragia subaracnoidea. Debido al impacto que tiene dicha patología tanto en la persona, la familia y la comunidad, el profesional de Enfermería requiere fortalecer los conocimientos acerca de la patología, el cuidado propio de Enfermería y desarrollar las habilidades que permitan un cuidado integral de éste tipo de personas. El PAE es una herramienta fundamental utilizada en la práctica asistencial de la disciplina de enfermería. Éste fa vorece la perspectiva del profesional de enfermería hacia la planificación y el desarrollo de cuidados sistematizados, lógicos y racionales centrados en respuestas humanas dentro del proceso de salud-enfermedad, estos cuidados buscan obtener logros tanto en la persona, la familia y la comunidad sana o enferma, permitiendo tener una visión holística en el proceso del cuidado diario tanto en áreas clínicas como comunitarias.

Resultados del tratamiento quirúrgico en aneurismas intracraneales múltiples de la circulación anterior

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Armando Alemán Rivera

2001-09-01

Full Text Available Se realiza un análisis de 10 pacientes con aneurismas múltiples de la porción anterior del polígono de Willis, los cuales representan el 10 % de todos los pacientes con aneurismas operados en el Servicio de Neurocirugía del Hospital Universitario «Arnaldo Milián Castro» de Santa Clara, Villa Clara. En 2 pacientes, los sacos aneurismáticos se localizaban bilateralmente. En un enfermo, la operación fue unilateral, mientras que en el otro, donde los aneurismas se localizaban en ambas arterias cerebrales medias, segmento M2 (aneurismas en espejo, el abordaje se realizó en 2 tiempos quirúrgicos. Todos los sacos aneurismáticos se presillaron y se reportó una mortalidad del 10 %An analysis of 10 patients with multiple aneurysms of the anterior portion of the circle of Willis that accounted for 10 % of all patients with aneurysms operated on at the Neurosurgery Service of "Arnaldo Milián Castro" Teaching Hospital of Santa Clara, Villa Clara, was made. The aneurysmatic sacs were bilaterally located in 2 patients. In one patient, the operation was unilateral, whereas in the other one, in whom the aneurysms were located in both middle cerebral arteries, M2 segment (mirror aneurysms, the operation was performed in 2 surgical times. All the aneurysmatic sacs were stapled and a 10 % mortality was re

Pseudo-aneurisma post-traumático de tronco de arteria coronaria izquierda

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Melina M. Gallo

2011-08-01

Full Text Available El pseudo-aneurisma de arteria coronaria es extremadamente raro. Su historia natural es poco conocida y su tratamiento discutido. Se presenta el caso de un paciente con pseudo-aneurisma de tronco de la coronaria izquierda e infarto antero-apical del ventrículo izquierdo cinco años después de un paro cardíaco secundario a un traumatismo no penetrante de tórax. Se consideró entonces que la lesión no era pasible de corrección percutánea o quirúrgica por lo que se optó por tratamiento médico conservador. Una angiografía coronaria por tomografía computarizada multicorte realizada 10 años después del evento inicial mostró ausencia de progresión de la lesión.

Aneurisma del seno de Valsalva disecando hacia el septo interventricular en una paciente embarazada

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Edison Muñoz O.

2015-11-01

Full Text Available El aneurisma del seno de Valsalva es una entidad rara en la población general, con una incidencia de 0,14 al 3,5% en cirugías de corazón abierto; con un espectro clínico amplio y complicaciones cardiacas mecánicas o eléctricas que pueden ser fatales. En mujeres embarazadas también ha sido reportada esta entidad en unos cuantos casos en la literatura médica publicada. Se presenta un caso de una paciente gestante con aneurisma de seno de Valsalva, sus complicaciones y las medidas terapéuticas que se llevaron a cabo, además de una revisión del tema.

Tratamento microcirúrgico de aneurismas da artéria comunicante anterior

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Luiz Carlos Mendes Faleiro

1973-12-01

Full Text Available Os autores descrevem o tratamento microcirúrgico realizado em oito pacientes que tiveram hemorragia subaracnóidea espontânea por rotura de aneurisma da artéria comunicante anterior. A conduta clínica pré-operatória é apresentada sendo dada ênfase às condições do paciente antes do ato cirúrgico. A técnica cirúrgica é descrita em detalhe, sendo salientado o uso do microscópio binocular. Dos 8 pacientes, dois (25% tinham mais de um aneurisma que foram tratados durante a mesma operação. A única complicação cirúrgica foi meningite pós-operatória em um paciente; esta complicação cedeu completamente ao tratamento. Após a operação 88% dos pacientes retornaram ao seu trabalho, não tendo havido óbito em virtude do tratamento.

Posibles causas de aneurisma y pseudoaneurisma de la fístula arteriovenosa en pacientes con insuficiencia renal

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Franco Pérez, Neobalis; Valdés Pérez, Calixto; Savigne Gutiérrez, William Orlando; Reynaldo Concepción, Daniel

2015-01-01

El acceso vascular ideal debe proporcionar un flujo adecuado a las necesidades de la diálisis, debe ser de larga duración y tener una baja tasa de complicaciones. La realización de una fístula autóloga se considera de primera elección como acceso vascular para la hemodiálisis. Si bien se conocen las causas de los aneurismas y pseudoaneurismas de las fistulas, estos son muy pocos frecuentes y por ello es importante conocer que aparecen. Mostramos varios casos de aneurismas y pseudoaneurismas d...

Ressecção de aneurisma venoso em veia jugular externa direita Resection of right external jugular vein aneurysm

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Eduardo Pereira Savi

2010-12-01

Full Text Available O aneurisma venoso é uma anomalia rara, cujo diagnóstico pode ser realizado a partir de exames físicos e complementares. Sua raridade justifica a necessidade de investigação e de publicações de estudos de caso, objetivo maior deste estudo. Relata-se aqui o caso de uma paciente que apresentava um abaulamento cervical anterior assintomático, progressivo e com seis meses de evolução. A paciente foi submetida à cervicotomia anterior, sob anestesia geral, com ressecção do segmento venoso acometido e ligadura da veia jugular externa. Realizado o estudo, verificou-se que aneurismas venosos podem causar tromboflebite, embolia pulmonar ou rotura. Cirurgia profilática, quando oferece baixo risco, é cuidadosamente recomendada para pacientes com aneurismas abdominais e altamente recomendada para aneurismas do sistema venoso profundo dos membros inferiores. Outros aneurismas venosos devem ser tratados cirurgicamente quando sintomáticos, desfigurantes ou se apresentarem aumento progressivo.Venous aneurysms are a rare abnormality, usually found in physical or complementary exams. We report a case of a 43-year old female with an asymptomatic and progressive enlarging mass in the neck. She had no history of trauma or cervical puncture. Vascular ultrasound showed a right jugular veins aneurysm with 1,81 x 1,62 cm of diameter. She was undergone resection and ligation of right external jugular vein, under general anesthesia. Venous aneurysm can cause thrombophlebitis, pulmonary embolism or spontaneous rupture. Prophylactic surgery is cautiously recommended for low-risk patients with venous aneurysms of the abdomen and strongly recommended for most patients with lower extremity deep venous aneurysms. Other venous aneurysms should be excised only if they are symptomatic, enlarging, or disfiguring

Remisión de aneurisma luego de exéresis de MAV con aparición de síndrome del acento extranjero

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Sosa, Fidel; Bustamante, Jorge; Rodríguez, Facundo; Argañaraz, Romina; Rubino, Pablo; Lambre, Jorge

2017-01-01

Resumen Introducción: Los aneurismas asociados a malformaciones arteriovenosas (MAV) son lesiones vasculares que suelen encontrarse hasta en el 15% de los casos, incrementando el riesgo global de hemorragia. La conducta frente a los aneurismas asociados es dicotómica en la literatura, mientras existen reportes de la desaparición de los mismos luego de la exéresis de la MAV, otros artículos enfatizan su tratamiento precoz. El síndrome del acento extranjero es un raro trastorno neurológico en el que el paciente habla su lengua materna como lo haría una persona extranjera y suena con “acento” extranjero a oídos de los oyentes nativos. Objetivo: Presentar un paciente que desarrolla el síndrome del acento extranjero posterior a la exéresis de una MAV y la evolución de un aneurisma asociado. Presentación de caso: Paciente pediátrico que luego de la exéresis de una MAV fronto-opercular posterior izquierda remite por completo un aneurisma de hiperflujo asociado, presentando en el postquirúrgico el síndrome del acento extranjero. Conclusión: Queda reportado el caso de este raro síndrome y la resolución espontánea de un aneurisma proximal luego de la exéresis de una MAV. PMID:28480115

Bloqueio simpático esquerdo por videotoracoscopia no tratamento da cardiomiopatia dilatada

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Paulo M. Pêgo-Fernandes

2010-12-01

Full Text Available FUNDAMENTO: O nível da atividade nervosa simpática é um dos mais importantes determinantes prognósticos em pacientes com insuficiência cardíaca. OBJETIVO: O propósito dessa investigação foi realizar um estudo de viabilidade do emprego do bloqueio simpático esquerdo por toracoscopia em pacientes com insuficiência cardíaca (IC para avaliar a segurança e os efeitos imediatos. MÉTODOS: Quinze pacientes com cardiomiopatia dilatada e fração de ejeção do ventrículo esquerdo (FEVE 65 bpm, a despeito do uso adequado de beta-bloqueadores ou intolerantes a eles, forma selecionados. Dez pacientes foram submetidos à clipagem do espaço inter-espinhal em nível de T3-T4 e da porção inferior dos gânglios estrelados esquerdos através de videotoracocopia, enquanto outros cinco pacientes foram randomizados para um grupo controle. RESULTADOS: Nenhum dos pacientes operados apresentou qualquer evento cardiovascular adverso relacionado ao procedimento cirúrgico no período perioperatório. Dois pacientes do grupo cirúrgico morreram devido a tromboembolismo pulmonar ou infarto do miocárdio nos 6 meses de seguimento inicial, enquanto três pacientes do grupo controle apresentaram progressão da IC e morreram ou desenvolveram choque cardiogênico no mesmo período. Nos pacientes tratados, houve melhora na qualidade de vida, nível de atividade física e FEVE (de 25 ± 9% para 32 ± 8%, p=0,024 aos 6 meses de seguimento, enquanto esses parâmetros não se alteraram nos pacientes do grupo controle. CONCLUSÃO: O bloqueio simpático esquerdo via toracoscopia é factível e parece ser seguro em pacientes com IC grave. Esse estudo inicial sugere que esse procedimento pode ser uma abordagem alternativa eficaz para o bloqueio simpático no tratamento de cardiomiopatias dilatadas.

Modelos animais de aneurisma de aorta Animal models of aortic aneurysm

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Rodrigo Argenta

2009-06-01

Full Text Available Os modelos experimentais em animais vêm sendo utilizados em cirurgia vascular há décadas. O desenvolvimento de novas técnicas para tratamento endovascular dos aneurismas requer a criação de bons modelos experimentais para testar esses dispositivos e estudar seu impacto sobre a progressão da doença. Este artigo tem por objetivo revisar os modelos de aneurisma arterial descritos atualmente. Entre os diversos modelos descritos, nenhum reúne todas as características de um modelo ideal de aneurisma. Os modelos em animais de grande porte são adequados para treino, estudo de alterações em parâmetros fisiológicos durante e após a liberação dos dispositivos e integração do mesmo à parede do vaso. Algumas desvantagens significantes incluem dificuldade do manejo, alto custo, difícil manutenção e regulamentações legais, dificultando a disponibilidade de diversas espécies animais. Modelos em animais menores, como os coelhos e camundongos, embora sejam menos caros e de fácil obtenção, não são adequados para estudos de técnicas endovasculares pelas pequenas dimensões de seus vasos. Nenhum modelo descrito até o momento consegue reproduzir todas as características dos aneurismas observados em humanos. Modelos disponíveis são descritos nesta revisão, e suas vantagens e desvantagens são discutidas.Experimental animal models have been used in vascular surgery for decades. The development of new interventional techniques in the endovascular treatment of aneurysms requires the creation of good experimental models to test these devices and study their impact on disease progression. The aim of this article was to review arterial aneurysm models currently available. Several distinct models have been described but none of them satisfies all the requirements of an ideal aneurysm model. Large animal models are appropriate for training, study of alterations in physiological parameters during and after device delivery, and integration

Tratamiento quirúrgico del aneurisma de arteria circunfleja con fístula a seno coronario e insuficiencia aórtica

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Valera, Francisco J.; Doñate, Lucía; Hernández, Carlos E.; Schuler, Mona; Bel, Ana; Montero, José A.

2014-01-01

Presentamos el manejo quirúrgico para la corrección de un aneurisma gigante de arteria circunfleja con fístula al seno coronario e insuficiencia valvular aórtica, una combinación muy infrecuente. El procedimiento consistió en el cierre epicárdico de la fístula, la resección del aneurisma y plicatura del seno coronario, junto con reemplazo valvular aórtico. Se discuten otras modalidades de manejo quirúrgico.

Aneurisma idiopático de artéria radial: relato de caso Idiopathic radial artery aneurysm: case report

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Luiz Ernani Meira Jr.

2011-12-01

Full Text Available Os aneurismas da artéria radial são extremamente raros. Em sua maioria, consistem de pseudoaneurismas pós-traumáticos. Os aneurismas da artéria radial verdadeiros podem ser idiopáticos, congênitos, pós-estenóticos ou associados a patologias, tais como vasculites e doenças do tecido conjuntivo. Foi relatado um caso de aneurisma idiopático de artéria radial em uma criança de três anos, que, após completa investigação diagnóstica complementar, foi submetida à ressecção cirúrgica.Radial artery aneurysms are extremely rare. Post-traumatic pseudoaneurysms are the vast majority. True radial artery aneurysms can be idiopathic, congenital, poststenotic, or associated with some pathologies, such as vasculitis and conjunctive tissue diseases. We report a case of an idiopathic aneurysm of the radial artery in a three-year-old child who was submitted to surgical resection after a complete diagnostic approach.

Tratamento cirúrgico da comunicação interventricular e rotura da parede livre do ventrículo esquerdo após infarto agudo do miocárdio e da disjunção atrioventricular após troca da valva mitral, empregando o dispositivo de isolamento ventricular (DIV:: estudo experimental

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BERNARDES Rodrigo de Castro

1997-01-01

Full Text Available A rotura de parede livre do ventrículo esquerdo (VE e a comunicação interventricular (CIV por rotura de septo são dois eventos catastróficos que podem complicar a evolução do infarto agudo do miocárdio (IAM. A oportunidade do tratamento cirúrgico, o acesso à CIV e a técnica cirúrgica ideal para o tratamento desta complicação são muito discutidos na literatura (1-5. Os resultados, porém, são quase unânimes: alta taxa de mortalidade. A rotura da parede posterior do ventrículo esquerdo pós troca da valva mitral (disjunção atrioventricular não é uma complicação rara, sendo quase sempre fatal (6, 7. O objetivo de nosso trabalho é discutir a alternativa de tratamento cirúrgico destas graves lesões, sem o manuseio direto do músculo cardíaco friável, necrozado. Desenvolvemos e testamos em animais (carneiros o dispositivo de isolamento ventricular (DIV. No período de 12/7/95 a 10/1/96, operamos 12 carneiros adultos para o implante do DIV. No primeiro período de aprendizado da técnica de implante e de desenvolvimento da prótese, operamos 7 animais, sem sucesso. No segundo período operamos 5 animais, já com o DIV completamente desenvolvido e com a técnica cirúrgica já padronizada; obtivemos sucesso com todos os animais, sobrevivendo com bom débito cardíaco, constatado ao ecocardiograma e à ventriculografia. Após 20 dias de sobrevida, os animais foram submetidos a ventriculografia e ecocardiografia. Observamos o completo isolamento da cavidade ventricular com o emprego do DIV, obtendo o tratamento provisório destas graves lesões.

Aneurisma de la vena de Galeno Galen's vein aneurysm

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Sergio Piloña Ruiz

2010-09-01

Full Text Available La malformación arteriovenosa de la vena de Galeno es una enfermedad congénita poco frecuente que se produce a partir de un defecto en la fusión de las venas cerebrales internas y que, debido a la baja resistencia, produce un cuadro de falla cardíaca de alto gasto. Las manifestaciones clínicas son muy variables y dependen de la edad de presentación. El pronóstico depende del tamaño del aneurisma. Se presenta el caso de un recién nacido del sexo masculino, con diagnóstico prenatal de aneurisma de la vena de Galeno y, desde el nacimiento, graves signos de insuficiencia cardíaca congestiva de difícil tratamiento. Se realiza una revisión sobre el tema.Arteriovenous malformation of Galen's vein is an uncommon congenital disease present from a defect in internal cerebral veins fusion and that due to the low resistance, produces a high output heart failure. Clinical manifestations are very variables depending on age of presentation. Prognosis depends on the size of aneurysm. This is the case of a male newborn diagnosed prenatally with Galen's vein aneurysm and from his birth severe signs of congestive heart failure of difficult treatment. A literature review on this subject is made.

Conduta anestésica em cesariana em gestante com aneurisma intracraniano não roto Conducta anestésica en cesárea en embarazada con aneurisma cerebral íntegro Anesthetic conduct in cesarean section in a parturient with unruptured intracranial aneurysm

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Luciana de Souza Cota Carvalho

2009-12-01

Full Text Available JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: O manuseio anestésico para cesariana programada em gestante com aneurisma intracraniano não roto é particularmente interessante, pois apresenta diversas particularidades relacionadas às alterações fisiológicas da gestação acrescida dos riscos de ruptura do aneurisma durante o procedimento anestésico. A literatura é escassa nesse assunto, sendo assim importante a divulgação dos casos. RELATO DO CASO: Gestante de termo, 31 anos, com aneurisma intracraniano não roto submetida à cesariana programada sob anestesia peridural simples. O procedimento evoluiu sem intercorrências para mãe e filho. CONCLUSÕES: Recomendações baseadas em evidências para anestesia obstétrica em pacientes portadoras de aneurisma intracraniano não roto não existem. Não há dados experimentais ou clínicos que confirmem ou refutem anestesia geral ou regional nesse contexto. Dessa forma, a decisão de qual técnica utilizar deve ser feita com bases individuais, ponderando os riscos e benefícios de cada procedimento e a experiência do profissional que irá conduzi-la.JUSTIFICATIVA Y OBJETIVOS: El manejo anestésico para la cesárea programada en embarazada con aneurisma cerebral íntegro es particularmente interesante, porque presenta diversas particularidades relacionadas con las alteraciones fisiológicas del embarazo y por añadidura, con los riesgos de ruptura del aneurisma durante el procedimiento anestésico. La literatura es parca en ese asunto, siendo muy importante la divulgación de los casos. RELATO DEL CASO: Embarazada de término, 31 años, con aneurisma cerebral no roto y sometida a la cesárea programada bajo anestesia epidural simple. El procedimiento evolucionó sin intercurrencias para la madre y el hijo. CONCLUSIONES: No existen recomendaciones basadas en evidencias, para la anestesia obstétrica en pacientes portadoras de aneurisma cerebral no roto. No hay datos experimentales o clínicos que confirmen o que

Tratamiento quirúrgico de un aneurisma micótico en paciente con riñón en herradura por vía retroperitoneal

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Ricardo Muñoz-García

2013-01-01

Full Text Available Presentamos el caso de un paciente de 73 años diagnosticado de un aneurisma de aorta abdominal micótico que presenta un riñón en herradura. El paciente fue intervenido por vía retroperitoneal, realizándose resección del aneurisma, con postoperatorio irregular, pero finalmente siendo dado de alta sin incidencias y asintomático.

Aneurisma da Artéria Renal: caso clínico Renal Artery Aneurysm

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Joana Moreira

2011-12-01

Full Text Available Apresenta-se o caso clínico de um doente com volumoso aneurisma da artéria renal esquerda. Do sexo masculino, de 22 anos de idade, com lombalgia à esquerda com algumas semanas de evolução. Recorreu ao médico assistente que solicitou estudo imagiológico por ecografia abdominal. Detectada imagem sugestiva de aneurisma da aorta abdominal. Este achado motivou a transferência para o nosso Hospital onde foi admitido consciente e orientado, hemodinamicamente estável, apresentando uma massa pulsátil epigástrica, com frémito e sopro sistólico à auscultação. Angio-TC revelou um aneurisma da artéria renal esquerda com 16 cm de diâmetro. Dada a estabilidade clínica e topografia lesional optou-se por tentar embolizar, sem sucesso, o tronco da artéria renal esquerda antes da abordagem cirúrgica. O doente foi então submetido a Nefrectomia total esquerda por via toraco-abdominal. Pós-operatório sem complicações, locais ou sistémicas. Alta ao 8ºdia, mantendo boa função renal e com níveis normais de hemoglobina. Diagnóstico de aneurisma da artéria renal confirmado por estudo anátomo-patológico da peça operatória.One case of a large left renal artery aneurysm in a young patient 22 years old is presented. He appealed to his assistant physician a few weeks after development of left back pain. Abdominal ultrasound imaging study has been requested. Suggestive abdominal aortic aneurysm was detected. This finding led to the transfer to our hospital where he was admitted conscious and hemodynamically stable. A pulsatile epigastric mass with a systolic murmur on auscultation and thrill were detected. Angio-CT scan revealed a left renal artery aneurysm, 16 cm in diameter. Given the clinical stability and lesional topography we decide a previous embolization of left renal artery, unsuccessfully. The patient underwent then left total nephrectomy, through thoraco-abdominal incision. No local or systemic complications in the postoperative

Aneurisma de artéria ilíaca interna roto: relato de caso Ruptured internal iliac artery aneurysm: case report

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Cristina Toledo Afonso

2009-03-01

Full Text Available Aneurismas isolados da artéria ilíaca interna são raros, acometem 0,1% da população e correspondem a 1% dos aneurismas aorto-ilíacos. Na maioria das vezes, os pacientes são assintomáticos, mas podem apresentar dor abdominal, massa pulsátil no hipogástrio ou na fossa ilíaca, sintomas compressivos urinários, gastrointestinais ou neurológicos. Podem ocasionar quadro de abdome agudo, principalmente quando há ruptura. O diagnóstico precoce dos aneurismas isolados de artéria ilíaca interna é incomum, sendo identificados quando mais volumosos ou rotos, o que aumenta significativamente sua morbimortalidade e torna seu prognóstico mais reservado. Dessa forma, representam um desafio terapêutico. A ligadura cirúrgica tem sido o tratamento mais comum, entretanto a cirurgia endovascular tem mostrado bons resultados, inclusive nos aneurismas rotos. É relatado caso de aneurisma de artéria ilíaca interna isolado roto diagnosticado durante laparotomia para abordagem de abdome agudo.Isolated internal iliac artery aneurysms are rare. They affect 0.1% of the population, and account for 1% of aortoiliac aneurysms. Patients are mostly asymptomatic, yet they can have abdominal pain, pulsatile mass in the hypogastrium or iliac fossa, or urinary, gastrointestinal or neurological compressive symptoms. Such aneurysms are likely to course with an acute abdomen, especially when ruptured. Early diagnosis of isolated internal iliac artery aneurysms is difficult, as they are more easily detected when larger or ruptured, which significantly raises their morbidity and mortality rate and determines a poor prognosis. Therefore, they are a therapeutic challenge. Surgical ligation has been the most common treatment; however, the endovascular approach has presented good outcomes, even in the event of ruptured aneurysms. A case of ruptured isolated iliac artery aneurysm diagnosed during a laparotomy (acute abdomen approach is reported.

Análise comparativa entre a vascularização ventricular e do nó sinoatrial em gatos

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Caio Biasi

2012-01-01

Full Text Available A possível existência de interdependência na nutrição de territórios atriais e ventriculares tem sido objeto de preocupação por partes dos cardiologistas, especialmente no que tange a vascularização do nó sinoatrial e sua dependência apenas de uma artéria coronária ou de ambas e de sua relação com o predomínio destes vasos na vascularização ventricular. Assim, este estudo objetiva avaliar a relação da irrigação do nó sinoatrial e a origem e a predominância das artérias coronárias na vascularização dos ventrículos, para tanto utilizou-se 30 corações de gatos sem raça definida adultos, machos e fêmeas, sem sinais de afecção cardíaca. Os corações foram injetados pela aorta torácica com Neoprene Latex 450, corados com pigmento vermelho e dissecados posteriormente. Verificou-se que quando ocorria predomínio da vascularização ventricular do tipo esquerda (63,34% a irrigação do nó sinoatrial ficou predominantemente na dependência do ramo proximal atrial direito (78,9% ou com menor freqüência pelo ramo proximal atrial esquerdo (21,1%. Na vascularização ventricular do tipo equilibrada (33,34%, a irrigação do sinoatrial ficou na dependência mais freqüentemente do ramo proximal atrial direito (80%, ou com menor freqüência a nutrição do nó se deu pelo ramo proximal atrial esquerdo (20%. Em um caso isolado, ocorreu a vascularização ventricular do tipo direita (3,34%, a nutrição do sinoatrial, ficou na dependência exclusiva do ramo intermédio atrial direito. Estes resultados indicam que nesta espécie não existe relação entre a irrigação do nó sinoatrial e o tipo de vascularização ventricular, independentemente do sexo.

Aneurisma verdadeiro bilateral de artéria tibial posterior True bilateral aneurysm of the posterior tibial artery

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Silvio Romero de Barros Marques

2006-03-01

Full Text Available Neste artigo, faz-se o relato de um caso de aneurisma verdadeiro bilateral da artéria tibial posterior em paciente de 57 anos. Os aneurismas surgiram em épocas diferentes. Os aspectos clínicos, diagnósticos e terapêuticos deste caso são discutidos. Este relato é importante, pois os autores não têm conhecimento de caso semelhante na literatura consultada.This article reports a case of true bilateral aneurysm of the tibial posterior artery in a 57 year-old patient. The aneurysms occurred at different times. The clinical, diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of this case are discussed. This report is important because the authors did not find a similar description in the literature.

Aneurisma gigante del apéndice auricular izquierdo

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Moreno-Martínez,Francisco L; González Alfonso,Osvaldo; Lagomasino Hidalgo,Álvaro L; González Díaz,Alejandro; Oliva Céspedes,Carlos; López Bernal,Omaida J

2006-01-01

Los aneurismas de la aurícula izquierda son raros y pueden ser congénitos o adquiridos. Los que interesan la pared libre o el apéndice auricular son entidades más raras aún, hasta 2002 sólo existían 49 casos reportados en la aurícula izquierda y 8 en la derecha. La manifestación clínica más frecuente es la aparición de arritmias auriculares incesantes o recurrentes y pueden presentarse embolias sistémicas que pueden dar al traste con la vida del paciente. Presentamos el caso de una paciente a...

Aneurisma da artéria carótida interna extracraniana: relato de caso Aneurysm of the extracranial internal carotid artery: a case report

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Marcio Ricardo Taveira Garcia

2004-08-01

Full Text Available Os aneurismas verdadeiros da artéria carótida interna extracraniana são raros, ao contrário dos supraclinóideos, somando menos de 4% dos aneurismas periféricos. Eles se apresentam clinicamente como massas palpáveis cervicais, junto à margem inferior do ângulo da mandíbula, causando rouquidão, disfagia e dor por compressão nervosa. Há freqüente associação desta doença com outros aneurismas periféricos devido à sua etiologia principal (aterosclerose. Os aneurismas periféricos são comumente identificados à ultra-sonografia Doppler, quando na vigência de janela acústica adequada. Nesta situação, os aneurismas podem ser avaliados tanto morfológica como hemodinamicamente. Sua identificação e estudo são importantes para prevenir graves complicações, como tromboses, infartos maciços ou embólicos da área correspondente no sistema nervoso central, ruptura e dissecção, além de auxiliar na indicação da melhor conduta terapêutica.Unlike supraclinoid aneurysms, true aneurysms of the extracranial internal carotid artery are extremely rare (less than 4% of the peripheral aneurysms. The commonest presentation is a pulsatile neck swelling below the angle of the jaw associated with hoarseness, dysphagia and pain (neural compression. Concomitance with other peripherical aneurysms is frequent and caused by atherosclerosis. The morphological and hemodynamic features are very well evaluated by Doppler ultrasound, when the acoustic window is satisfactory. Identification and evaluation of these aneurysms are very important to prevent thrombosis, rupture, dissections, massive strokes and embolic brain infarcts, besides helping in the decision of the best treatment.

Falso seudoaneurisma del ventrículo izquierdo

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Silvio Acevedo

2007-01-01

Full Text Available El ventrículo izquierdo puede presentar abultamientos patológicos, que se denominan aneurisma, seudoaneurisma o divertículo. Los aneurismas son los más frecuentes y su etiología más común es la enfermedad coronaria.Presentamos un paciente de 16 años, derivado al Hospital Escuela de Corrientes con diagnóstico de accidente cerebrovascular. Por eco-Doppler color, resonancia magnética y cinecoronariografía se diagnosticó seudoaneurisma ventricular izquierdo. El examen histológico demostró la presencia de fibras musculares cardíacas, por lo que se concluyó que se trataba de un aneurisma ventricular izquierdo. Esta discordancia entre el diagnóstico por imágenes y la anatomía patológica fue descripta por Mackenzie con el nombre de falso seudoaneurisma.

Retinite idiopática, vasculite, aneurismas e neurorretinite (IRVAN: relato de caso

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Kelly Fernandes de Paula Rodrigues

2012-04-01

Full Text Available Relatamos caso de um paciente de 14 anos, sexo masculino, que foi admitido com queixa de embaçamento visual bilateral há dois anos. Ao exame oftalmológico observou-se leve hiperemia e edema de disco óptico bilateral, exsudação retiniana, poucas hemorragias retinianas, múltiplos aneurismas, assim como sinais de vasculite. A angiofluoresceinografia demonstrou isquemia periférica extensa, dilatações e hiperfluorescência das paredes dos vasos, e vazamento tardio do disco óptico nas fases finais do exame em ambos os olhos. Este caso representa uma rara entidade caracterizada por oclusão retiniana vascular periférica, vasculite retiniana, múltiplos aneurismas retinianos e neurorretinite (IRVAN. Avaliação sistêmica e laboratorial não revelaram nenhuma anormalidade. O paciente foi submetido à panfotocoagulação de retina com laser de argônio em ambos os olhos, e iniciado tratamento com prednisona via oral, com manutenção da acuidade visual de 20/25 depois de um ano de acompanhamento. O tratamento com laser deve ser considerado quando houver qualquer evidência angiográfica de má perfusão retiniana, e antes do desenvolvimento de qualquer sinal de neovascularização de retina.

Análise comparativa entre a vascularização arterial ventricular e do nó sinoatrial em corações de cães Comparative analysis between both ventricular and sinoatrial node arterial vascularization in heart of dogs

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Caio Biasi

2013-01-01

Full Text Available Utilizamos nesta pesquisa 40 corações de cães adultos, machos e fêmeas, de idades variadas, que não portavam nenhuma afecção cardíaca. Os corações tiveram as artérias coronárias injetadas, separadamente, com Neoprene Látex 450, corado com pigmento vermelho, e posteriormente dissecados. Em todas estas preparações verificamos que na vascularização dos ventrículos predominava a artéria coronária esquerda que fornecia os ramos interventriculares paraconal e subsinuoso. Já, a região ocupada pelo nó sinoatrial ficava mais frequentemente (17 vezes, 42,5% na dependência do ramo proximal atrial esquerdo ou de colateral deste vaso, oriundo do ramo circunflexo esquerdo, ou deste vaso associado ao ramo distal atrial direito (8 vezes, 20%, procedente do ramo circunflexo direito. Com menor frequência (14 vezes, 30%, a área tomada pelo nó sinoatrial, encontramos apenas colaterais do ramo circunflexo direito, mais exatamente somente o ramo distal atrial direito (10 vezes, 25%, apenas o ramo proximal atrial direito (3 vezes, 7,5% ou ainda exclusivamente o ramo intermédio atrial direito (1 vez, 2,5%. Em um único caso (1 vez, 2,5% no território do nó sinoatrial observamos apenas colateral do ramo circunflexo esquerdo, isto é o ramo distal atrial esquerdo. A análise destes resultados permite concluir, que nesta espécie não existe qualquer tipo de relação entre o tipo de vascularização dos ventrículos e a irrigação do nó sinoatrial. Sendo assim, considerar os ramos ventriculares isoladamente não é suficiente para um entendimento clínico-cirúrgico aplicado, uma vez que os ramos atriais apresentam uma importante contribuição para a vascularização do nó sinoatrial.We analyzed 40 hearts of adult dogs, males and females of different ages, without cardiac disease. The hearts had the coronary arteries inject using Neoprene Latex 450, colored with red pigment, and which was then dissected. In the ventricular

Aneurismas múltiplos de pontes aorto-coronárias de veia safena com ruptura fatal Multiple aneurysms of aortocoronary saphenous vein grafts with fatal rupture

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Fábio R. Távora

2007-05-01

Full Text Available Aneurismas de pontes aorto-coronárias de veia safena são eventos raros, usualmente assintomáticos e detectados de forma incidental. Rupturas espontâneas de pontes de safena são raras, havendo poucos dados radiológicos disponíveis na literatura. Relatamos o caso de um senhor de 39 anos internado com hematêmese dez anos depois de ter sido submetido a cirurgia de revascularização miocárdica. Imagens tomográficas mostraram três aneurismas nas pontes de safena, mas o exame não detectou ruptura. O paciente veio a falecer e a necropsia revelou que a causa do óbito havia sido ruptura de aneurisma de pontes de safena. Esse caso ilustra a necessidade de tratamento agressivo de aneurismas sintomáticos de pontes coronarianas.Aortocoronary saphenous vein graft (SVG aneurysms are rare, and are usually asymptomatic and detected incidentally. Spontaneous rupture of SVG is rare and imaging data are few. We report on a 39-year old man who was admitted to the hospital with hematemesis 10 years after aortocoronary bypass surgery. CT images revealed 3 aortocoronary SVG aneurysms, but failed to detect any rupture. His subsequent death due to rupture of SVG aneurysm was documented at autopsy, illustrating the need for aggressive treatment of symptomatic coronary graft aneurysms.

Tratamiento endovascular de los aneurismas ateroscleróticos de aorta torácica descendente

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Carlos Velázquez

2009-09-01

Full Text Available El abordaje del aneurisma degenerativo de la aorta torácica descendente debe basarse en el conocimiento de su historia natural. Este diagnóstico, cada vez más frecuente, no precisa de tratamiento en su fase asintomática hasta que el aneurisma no alcanza un diámetro que preconiza un riesgo de complicación considerable. El abordaje endovascular permite reducir la morbimortalidad en población añosa y con enfermedad respiratoria asociada. En jóvenes sin comorbilidad, la cirugía convencional debería ser todavía el patrón oro por su menor tasa de complicaciones a medio-largo plazo. A pesar de ello, la técnica se extenderá ampliamente por su mayor aceptación en los pacientes. La correcta indicación y realización de derivaciones a los troncos supraaórticos, así como el buen manejo del drenaje del líquido cefalorraquídeo, permitirán mejorar las zonas de sellado y reducir al mínimo las complicaciones neurológicas de la técnica endovascular.

Evaluation of left ventricular diastolic echocardiographic parameters in healthy dogs by pulsed-wave Doppler Avaliação de parâmetros ecocardiográficos diastólicos do ventrículo esquerdo de cães saudáveis por meio de Doppler pulsátil

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Guilherme G. Pereira

2009-04-01

Full Text Available Left ventricular diastolic dysfunction plays an important role on heart failure progression. In order to obtain additional reference values of left ventricular diastolic parameters and investigate influence of common variables, peak E wave (peak E, peak A wave (peak A, E/A ratio (E/A, E wave deceleration time (EDT and isovolumic relaxation time (IRVT were studied in 40 clinically healthy dogs, by pulsed wave Doppler. The following values were obtained: peak E = 0.747 ± 0.117 m/s, peak A = 0.487 ± 0.062 m/s, E/A = 1.533 ± 0.198, EDT = 88.7 ± 9.2 ms and IRVT = 0.080 ± 0.009 s. Some parameters were influenced by heart rate (peak E, peak A and IRVT, by age (peak A and E/A and by body weight (TRIV. Gender influence was absent. Values obtained can be used as reference for canine specimens but its interpretation should consider on the influence of related variables.A disfunção diastólica do ventrículo esquerdo contribui de maneira importante para a progressão da insuficiência cardíaca. No intuito de obter valores de referência adicionais para os parâmetros diastólicos do ventrículo esquerdo e para investigar a influência de variáveis comuns, estudou-se, por meio de Doppler pulsátil, a velocidade máxima da onda E (Vmáx.E, a velocidade máxima da onda A (Vmáx.: A, a relação E/A (E/A, o tempo de desaceleração da onda E (TDE e o tempo de relaxamento isovolumétrico (TRIV em 40 cães clinicamente saudáveis. Os seguintes valores foram obtidos: Vmáx.E = 0,747±0,117m/s, Vmáx.A = 0,487±0,062m/s, E/A = 1,533±0,198, TDE = 88,7±9,2ms e TRIV = 0,080±0,009s. Alguns parâmetros foram influenciados pela freqüência cardíaca (Vmáx.E, Vmáx.A e TRIV, pela idade (Vmáx.A e E/A e pelo peso corpóreo (TRIV. Não houve influência pelo sexo. Os valores obtidos podem ser utilizados como referência para a espécie canina, porém devem ser interpretados considerando-se a influência das variáveis descritas.

Quantificação da massa infartada do ventrículo esquerdo pela ressonância magnética cardíaca: comparação entre a planimetria e o método de escore visual semi-quantitativo

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Azevedo Filho,Clerio Francisco de; Hadlich,Marcelo; Petriz,João Luiz Fernandes; Mendonça,Luís Antonio; Moll Filho,Jorge Neval; Rochitte,Carlos Eduardo

2004-01-01

OBJETIVO: Validar um novo método de escore visual semi-quantitativo contra a planimetria digital quantitativa para a determinação da massa infartada do ventrículo esquerdo pela ressonância magnética cardíaca com técnica de realce tardio. MÉTODO: Estudados 77 pacientes com infarto miocárdico prévio em aparelho de ressonância magnética de 1,5T utilizando técnica de realce tardio para avaliação da viabilidade miocárdica e cálculo da massa infartada. Para avaliação da função ventricular esquerda ...

Tratamiento endovascular de urgencia con endoprótesis de aneurisma roto disecado de aorta torácica: A propósito de un caso Emergency endovascular treatment with endoprosthesis of ruptured dissected aneurysm of thoracic aorta: Report of one case

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José Lugo

2007-12-01

Full Text Available Los aneurismas de aorta torácica son menos comunes que los aneurismas de aorta abdominal y pueden encontrarse en aorta ascendente, arco aórtico, aorta descendente o en una combinación de estos segmentos. De estos aneurismas el 30% al 40% se originan en la aorta torácica descendente. En los aneurismas de aorta torácica existe una debilidad estructural de la pared de la aorta, que conlleva una dilatación arterial progresiva con eventual ruptura o disección. Aproximadamente, 50% de los aneurismas de aorta torácica son ateroscleróticos y ocurren como resultado de remodelado arterial y dilatación o a raíz de un metabolismo anormal del colágeno. La mayoría de los aneurismas de aorta torácica se descubren por casualidad durante la evaluación de otros problemas médicos. La meta del tratamiento de los aneurismas de aorta torácica, es prevenir la muerte debido a su ruptura. El riesgo de ruptura de los no tratados oscila entre 46% a 74% y la tasa de mortalidad por su ruptura es extremadamente alta. Los aneurismas de gran tamaño, en especial aquellos mayores de 6 cm, son más susceptibles de rupturas que los aneurismas de menor tamaño. El tratamiento endovascular, inicialmente desarrollado para los aneurismas de aorta abdominal, se introdujo en 1992 como una alternativa menos invasiva al tratamiento de cirugía abierta para los aneurismas de la aorta torácica descendente. En la actualidad, el injerto de stent endovascular en la aorta descendente o endoprótesis, recibe mayor atención como alternativa al reparo quirúrgico de los aneurismas de aorta torácica.Thoracic aortic aneurysms are less common than abdominal aortic aneurysms and can be found in ascending aorta, aortic arch, descending aorta or in a combination of these segments. 30% to 40% of these aneurysms are originated in thoracic descending aorta. In thoracic aortic aneurysms there exists a structural wall weakness that leads to a progressive arterial dilation with eventual

Embolização da reperfusão do aneurisma da artéria poplítea com Onyx® Treatment of recurrent popliteal artery aneurysm with Onyx® embolization

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Ligia Jackeline Iorio Pires

2011-09-01

Full Text Available O aneurisma da artéria poplítea é o mais frequente dos aneurismas periféricos verdadeiros. Embora seja assintomático, apresenta complicações isquêmicas por embolia ou trombose. A correção deste aneurisma pode ser cirúrgica convencional, com técnica e prognóstico bem estabelecidos, ou endovascular, técnica inovadora e menos invasiva. A reperfusão do saco aneurismático excluído, apesar de rara, está relacionada à intensa circulação colateral. Relatamos um caso de aneurisma de poplítea, que após dois anos de exclusão apresentou fluxo no saco aneurismático com sintomatologia, sendo tratado por técnica endovacular alternativa.The popliteal artery aneurysm is the most frequent of the peripheral aneurysms. Although asymptomatic, it can complicate with severe limb ischemia due to embolization or thrombosis. The surgical correction presents well-established techniques and results, while the less invasive endovascular therapy is still evolving. The recurrence is very rare and can be related to collateral artery refilling. We report a recurrent popliteal artery aneurysm after two years of conventional ligation and bypass surgery, in which an alternative endovascular strategy was successfully applied.

O diagnóstico da obstrução da via de saída do ventrículo esquerdo na cardiomiopatia hipertrófica

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Beatriz Piva e Mattos

2012-07-01

Full Text Available A cardiomiopatia hipertrófica é uma doença genética prevalente caracterizada por hipertrofia ventricular esquerda, em que obstrução dinâmica da via de saída com geração de gradiente subaórtico incide em repouso em 30% dos casos. A obstrução é atribuida complexa interação entre o folheto anterior mitral, o septo interventricular e vetores anômalos de fluxo gerados no ventrículo esquerdo aliada a modificações na geometria da via de saída. Regurgitação mitral em grau variável é detectada associada ou não a deformidades estruturais do aparelho valvar. O ecocardiograma de esforço demonstra obstrução latente facilmente induzida por exercício em 60 a 75% das formas não obstrutivas. A determinação do gradiente nessas condições impõe-se na investigação de rotina dos pacientes com obstrução leve ou ausente em repouso. A avaliação da cardiomiopatia hipertrófica incorpora métodos de imagem baseados no ultrassom, os quais, adicionados ressonância magnética, possibilitam o reconhecimento de mecanismos geradores de obstrução ventricular, de modo a favorecer o diagnóstico e o manejo das formas obstrutivas e obstrutivas latentes.

Função diastólica do ventrículo esquerdo em obesos graves em pré-operatório para cirurgia bariátrica

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Irlaneide da Silva Tavares

2012-04-01

Full Text Available FUNDAMENTO: Obesidade é uma doença crônica, multifatorial, associada a aumento do risco cardiovascular, especialmente a insuficiência cardíaca diastólica. OBJETIVO: Avaliar a função diastólica do ventrículo esquerdo em obesos graves em pré-operatório para cirurgia bariátrica, relacionando com os fatores de risco cardiovascular e a estrutura cardíaca. MÉTODOS: Trata-se de um estudo transversal, com 132 pacientes candidatos a cirurgia bariátrica, submetidos a avaliação ecocardiográfica transtorácica e dos fatores de risco cardiovascular, sendo: 97 mulheres (73,5%, idade média de 38,5 ± 10,5 anos e IMC de 43,7 ± 7,2 Kg/m². Foram divididos em três grupos: 61 com função diastólica normal, 24 com disfunção diastólica leve e 47 com disfunção diastólica moderada/grave, dos quais 41 com disfunção diastólica moderada (padrão pseudonormal e seis com disfunção diastólica grave (padrão restritivo. RESULTADOS: Hipertensão arterial sistêmica, idade e gênero foram diferentes nos grupos com disfunção diastólica. Os grupos com disfunção tiveram maior diâmetro do átrio esquerdo, do ventrículo esquerdo, volume do átrio esquerdo em quatro e duas câmaras, índice de volume atrial esquerdo e índice de massa do ventrículo esquerdo corrigido para a superfície corpórea e para altura. CONCLUSÃO: A elevada frequência de disfunção diastólica do ventrículo esquerdo na fase pré-clínica em obesos graves justifica a necessidade de uma avaliação ecocardiográfica criteriosa, com o objetivo de identificar indivíduos de maior risco, para que medidas de intervenção precoce sejam adotadas.

Aneurisma congénito de la orejuela izquierda. Caso clínico

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Johanna T. Otero; Eduardo A. Villanueva; Pedro Becker; Rodrigo Parra; Pamela Zelada

2008-01-01

El aneurisma auricular congénito es una enfermedad muy rara y su localización más frecuente es la orejuela de la aurícula izquierda con 51 casos comunicados en la literatura. La mayoría son asintomáticos, por lo que su diagnóstico es por hallazgo en técnicas de imagen. Presentamos el caso de un lactante de 4 meses, de género masculino, portador de un síndrome de Treacher-Collins o disostosis mandibulofacial y síndrome bronquial obstructivo cuyo estudio de técnicas de imagen diagnostica un ane...

Aneurisma intracraniano na síndrome de Marfan: a case report Intracranial aneurysm in Marfan's syndrome

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José Geraldo Speciali

1971-12-01

Full Text Available Citam-se as várias alterações vasculares nas moléstias hereditárias do tecido coinjuntivo. É relatado um caso de síndrome de Marfan associado a aneurisma intracavernoso da artéria carótida interna.Vascular malformations in hereditary connective tissue diseases are reviewed. Intracavernous aneurysm of the internal carotid artery in a patient with Marfan's syndrome is reported.

Análise da correlação entre síndrome de pseudo-exfoliação e aneurisma de aorta abdominal Analysis of correlation between pseudoexfoliation syndrome and aneurysm of the abdominal aorta

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Paulo de Tarso Ponte Pierre Filho

2004-06-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Examinar a correlação sugerida entre síndrome de pseudo-exfoliação e aneurisma de aorta abdominal. MÉTODOS: Sessenta e cinco pacientes recentemente operados por aneurisma de aorta abdominal e 51 controles com aterosclerose periférica, sem aneurisma, submeteram-se ao exame oftalmológico sob dilatação pupilar para investigar a presença de síndrome de pseudo-exfoliação. RESULTADOS: Não houve diferenças estatisticamente significantes entre a média de idade, distribuição por sexo e raça entre os 2 grupos (p > 0,05. Dois dos 65 pacientes com aneurisma de aorta e um dos 51 controles apresentaram síndrome de pseudo-exfoliação (p = 1,00. CONCLUSÃO: A prevalência de síndrome de pseudo-exfoliação em pacientes operados por aneurisma de aorta abdominal e em pacientes com aterosclerose periférica foi similar. Este achado não confirma a associação proposta entre síndrome de pseudo-exfoliação e aneurisma de aorta abdominal.PURPOSE: To investigate the suggested association between pseudoexfoliation syndrome and aneurysm of the abdominal aorta. METHODS: 65 patients recently operated for abdominal aortic aneurysm and 51 controls with peripheral atherosclerosis, without aneurysm, underwent an ophthalmologic examination under pupillary dilatation to detect the presence of pseudoexfoliation syndrome. RESULTS: There were no significant differences regarding mean age and distribution by gender and race between the groups (p > 0.05. Two of 65 patients with aortic aneurysm and one of 51 controls presented pseudoexfoliation syndrome (p = 1.00. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of pseudoexfoliation syndrome in patients operated for abdominal aortic aneurysm and in patients with peripheral atherosclerosis were similar. This finding does not support the proposed association between pseudoexfoliation syndrome and abdominal aortic aneurysm.

Aneurisma da artéria isquiática persistente: relato de caso de tratamento endovascular

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Dominique Rodas Costa

2018-03-01

Full Text Available Resumo A persistência da artéria isquiática é uma anomalia vascular congênita rara cuja principal complicação é a dilatação aneurismática. O quadro clínico pode incluir sintomas decorrentes da dilatação arterial e da isquemia, causada por trombose ou embolização distal. O tratamento dessa afecção rara conta com opções diversas que abrangem desde a ligadura do aneurisma até a correção endovascular. O presente relato descreve o caso de uma paciente do sexo feminino com queixa de tumoração pulsátil na região glútea. Foi encaminhada ao serviço de referência e realizou angiotomografia, que evidenciou persistência completa da artéria isquiática bilateralmente, com dilatação aneurismática à esquerda. A paciente foi submetida a tratamento endovascular do aneurisma, através de punção contralateral, com implante de dois stents revestidos com manutenção da perviedade distal da artéria. A manutenção da perviedade é particularmente importante nos casos da forma completa dessa variação anatômica. A paciente cursou com boa evolução.

Substituição isolada da valva aórtica em pacientes com função ventricular deprimida Aortic valve replacement in patients with depressed left ventricular ejection fraction

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Gilberto Venossi Barbosa

1989-12-01

Full Text Available Para avaliar o valor prognóstico da fração de ejeção do ventrículo esquerdo, entre 210 pacientes com lesões da valva aórtica operados, consecutivamente, entre maio de 1981 e outubro de 1988 e que receberam as próteses Omniscience e Meditronic-Hall, foram selecionados 112 e divididos, de acordo com a fração de ejeção do ventrículo esquerdo, em dois grupos: o G1 = FE > 40%, ficou com 52 pacientes com médias de idade 39 ± 12 anos, FE = 58 ± 10% e classe funcional (NYHA = 2,8; o GE = FE To evaluate the prognostic value of resting left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF a series of 210 consecutive patients with aortic valve disease operated upon between May 1981 and October 1988 was studied retrospectively. All patients had their aortic valve replaced by Omniscience or Meditronic prosthesis; 112 formed the study group because they have complete follow up and cineangiocardiographic data. Based on pre-operatory left ventricular ejection fraction the patients were divided in two groups: Group 1 = 52 patients with LVEF > 40%, 39 ± 12 years, NYHA functional class 2.8, and EF 58 ± 10%. Group 2 = 60 patients with LVEF < 40, 48 ± 17 years, NYHA functional class 3.6, and LVEF of 27 ± 12%. During surgery moderate hypothermia and hemodilution were utilized, with dubble oxygenator and cardioplegia With St. Thomas cardioplegic solution. Mean extracorporeal circulation and cardiac arrest time were respectively 82 ± 18 and 49 ± 7 minutes in Group 1 and 96 ± 11 and 55 ± 6 minutes in Group 2. The size of the prosthesis were 25.2 ± 1.8 mm in Group 1. The short term mortality was 3.8% in Group 1 and 5.8 in Group 2. The long-term mortality was 4.0% in Group 1 and 8.7% in Group 2. In Group 1 there was a significant association between mortality and left ventricular systolic function. In the follow-up evaluation, among patients in Group 1, 65% were in class I, 28% were in functional class II, 5% in class III, and 2% in class IV. Among patients

Quantification of left ventricular infarcted mass on cardiac magnetic resonance imaging: comparison between planimetry and the semiquantitative visual scoring method

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Azevedo Filho, Clerio Francisco de; Hadlich, Marcelo; Petriz, João Luiz Fernandes; Mendonça, Luís Antonio; Moll Filho, Jorge Neval; Rochitte, Carlos Eduardo

2004-01-01

OBJETIVO: Validar um novo método de escore visual semi-quantitativo contra a planimetria digital quantitativa para a determinação da massa infartada do ventrículo esquerdo pela ressonância magnética cardíaca com técnica de realce tardio. MÉTODO: Estudados 77 pacientes com infarto miocárdico prévio em aparelho de ressonância magnética de 1,5T utilizando técnica de realce tardio para avaliação da viabilidade miocárdica e cálculo da massa infartada. Para avaliação da função ventricular esquerda ...

Correção endovascular de aneurisma da artéria esplénica: caso clínico Endovascular correction of splenic artery aneurysm: case report

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José Almeida Lopes

2012-06-01

Full Text Available Os aneurismas da artéria esplénica, embora sejam os aneurismas esplâncnicos mais frequentes, cursam com uma prevalência de apenas 0,01%. Neste contexto os autores apresentam um caso clínico de uma doente de 41 anos com aneurisma da artéria esplénica de 20x29mm, tratada através da colocação de um stent coberto auto-expansível (Gore®, Viabahn®. É realizada uma revisão da literatura, das possíveis complicações e feita referência às várias hipóteses de tratamento, dando particular ênfase às novas técnicas endovasculares.Splenic artery aneurysms, although they are the most common splanchnic aneurysms, they have a prevalence of only 0,01%. In this context the authors present a case report of a 41 years female patient with a splenic artery aneurysm of 20x29mm, treated by deployment of a covered self-expandable stent (Gore® Viabahn®. It is performed a literature review of the pathology in question, possible complications and made reference to the various treatment options, with particular emphasis on the new endovascular techniques.

Alterações contráteis segmentares e sua associação com arritmias ventriculares complexas, em pacientes chagásicos com eletrocardiograma normal ou borderline Regional left ventricular dysfunction and its association with complex ventricular arrhythmia, in chagasic patients with normal or borderline electrocardiogram

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Flavia Vernin de Oliveira Terzi

2010-10-01

Full Text Available INTRODUÇÃO: Morte súbita representa a principal causa de óbito em chagásicos. Eventos fatais em pacientes saudáveis, com anormalidades contráteis, foram documentados. O objetivo deste trabalho é determinar a associação entre alteração contrátil e arritmias ventriculares complexas em pacientes chagásicos, classe funcional I, eletrocardiograma normal ou borderline e função ventricular preservada. MÉTODOS: Quarenta e nove pacientes com doença de Chagas e eletrocardiograma normal ou borderline realizaram ecocardiograma, teste ergométrico e Holter. Avaliou-se a contratilidade global e segmentar dos ventrículos e a presença de arritmias ventriculares complexas induzidas no esforço e espontâneas, respectivamente. A análise estatística foi feita pelo modelo Log-Linear geral. RESULTADOS: Idade média de 56 anos; 55% mulheres. Alterações contráteis segmentares em 24,5% dos pacientes; 12% dos Holter e 18% dos testes ergométricos positivos. Houve associação entre arritmia e alteração segmentar condicionada à presença da disfunção sistólica leve do ventrículo esquerdo. CONCLUSÕES: Alterações contráteis, na presença de disfunção global leve, indicam pacientes sob maior risco de arritmias complexas.INTRODUCTION: Sudden death is the major cause of death among chagasic patients. A significant number of fatal events in patients without apparent heart disease and borderline electrocardiogram, but with contractile ventricular dysfunction, have been documented. This work aimed to determine the association between regional dysfunction and the presence of ventricular arrhythmia in chagasic patients without apparent heart disease. METHODS: Forty-nine patients with normal or borderline electrocardiogram were submitted to echocardiogram, exercise stress test and Holter. The presence of cardiac contractile alterations and complex ventricular arrhythmia was analyzed. Statistic analysis used the general Log-Linear model. RESULTS

Comportamento do índice de massa do ventrículo esquerdo de pacientes em diálise no decorrer de 17 anos

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Loren Giagio Cavalcante

2015-09-01

Full Text Available ResumoIntrodução:A hipertrofia ventricular esquerda (HVE é alteração frequente em pacientes de diálise e imprime prognóstico sombrio. Não se conhece qual a tendência secular dessa alteração cardíaca em nossos pacientes.Objetivo:Avaliar o comportamento da HVE, pelo índice de massa do ventrículo esquerdo (IMVE, no decorrer de 17 anos em pacientes de um centro universitário de diálise, bem como verificar as possíveis causas desse comportamento.Métodos:Foi realizado um estudo longitudinal retrospectivo que avaliou, por meio de ecocardiografia, o IMVE em pacientes submetidos à hemodiálise em nosso Serviço de Diálise durante o período de 17 anos, de 1993 a 2010. Foram incluídos 250 exames de pacientes com doença renal crônica estágio V-D com idade superior a 18 anos que foram submetidos à avaliação ecocardiográfica de rotina.Resultados:Notou-se redução do IMVE à medida que os anos avançavam. Essa redução correlacionou-se à diminuição da pressão arterial e à elevação da hemoglobina. Em análise múltipla, a massa ventricular esquerda associou-se apenas à pressão arterial.Conclusão:A porcentagem de pacientes com HVE sofreu redução significante no decorrer de 17 anos em nossa Unidade de Diálise. O fator associado a essa redução foi a diminuição da pressão arterial.

Alternativa técnica no tratamento endovascular dos aneurismas da artéria poplítea A technical alternative for the endovascular treatment of popliteal artery aneurysms

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Marcelo Ferreira

2008-03-01

Full Text Available O aneurisma de artéria poplítea é relativamente raro, porém representa cerca de 85% de todos os aneurismas arteriais periféricos. Apresenta-se geralmente com um quadro de complicação isquêmica e elevado risco de perda do membro acometido. Em função disso, preconiza-se seu tratamento eletivo, atualmente realizado com resultados satisfatórios pela técnica endovascular. Relatamos nossa experiência com a utilização do stent de nitinol auto-expansível revestido com PTFEe - Fluency (Bard, Alemanha, reforçado internamente com o stent de nitinol auto-expansível Zilver (Cook, EUA no tratamento de um aneurisma de artéria poplítea.Popliteal artery aneurysm is relatively rare, but represents around 85% of all peripheral arterial aneurysms. It is usually presented with ischemic complication and high risk of limb loss. For that reason, its elective treatment is indicated and currently carried through with satisfactory results using endovascular techniques. We describe our experience with the use of an ePTFE-covered nitinol self-expandable stent graft - Fluency (Bard, Germany, reinforced internally with the nitinol self-expandable Zilver stent (Cook, USA for the treatment of a popliteal artery aneurism.

Comunicação direta entre artéria pulmonar direita e átrio esquerdo: relato de dois casos

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SCHIMIN Luiz Carlos

2000-01-01

Full Text Available A comunicação direta entre a artéria pulmonar direita e o átrio esquerdo é uma condição rara, tendo sido relatados menos de 40 casos em toda a literatura. Apresentação clínica é variável, podendo o paciente mostrar-se com quadro de cianose, dispnéia ou insuficiência cardíaca. No entanto, o diagnóstico pode ser facilmente feito com métodos de imagem. O tratamento cirúrgico oferece a cura completa com baixa morbi-mortalidade. Sem o mesmo, sérias complicações podem advir como embolia ou abscesso cerebral. Os autores apresentam dois casos de comunicação direta entre artéria pulmonar direita e átrio esquerdo. São discutidas as teorias embriogênicas e as variantes anatômicas desta anomalia congênita.

Aneurisma de la vena de Galeno como causa de falla cardíaca Galen's vein aneurysm as cause of heart failure

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Claudia Echeverría

2005-04-01

Full Text Available Se presenta el caso de un recién nacido que ingresa a cuidado intensivo con un cuadro de falla cardiaca de difícil manejo con ductus arterioso de gran tamaño, a quien se le realizó cierre quirúrgico del mismo y pese a ello persistía con clínica de falla cardiaca que no mejoraba con tratamiento médico. Se hizo un hallazgo incidental de un aneurisma de la vena de Galeno de gran tamaño. El aneurisma de la vena de Galeno es una patología congénita poco frecuente que se origina de un defecto en la fusión de las venas cerebrales internas, debido a la baja resistencia produce un cuadro de falla cardiaca de alto gasto. Los defectos de gran tamaño pueden contener entre 50% a 60% del gasto cardiaco. Se debe sospechar aneurisma en todo recién nacido o lactante menor con cuadro de falla cardíaca y dilatación de cavidades derechas sin evidencia de anomalía cardíaca estructural.We present the case of a newborn admitted to the intensive care unit with a heart failure of difficult medical management. A large ductus arteriosus was found. It was surgically corrected, but the heart failure persisted and did not improve with medical treatment. Incidentally, a big Galen's vein aneurysm was found. Galen's vein aneurysm is a rare congenital pathology, originated by a fusion defect of the internal cerebral veins. Due to its low resistance, it produces a picture of high-output heart failure. Large defects may contain 50% to 60% of cardiac output. An aneurysm may be suspected in each newborn or infant with clinical picture of heart failure and right cardiac chamber dilation without any evidence of structural cardiac anomaly.

Aneurisma de la aorta abdominal: Tratamiento endovascular con una endoprótesis fenestrada Abdominal aortic aneurysm: Endovascular treatment with fenestrated endoprothesis

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Román Rostagno

2008-12-01

Full Text Available El tratamiento endovascular de los aneurismas de aorta abdominal es una alternativa a la cirugía abierta para pacientes de alto riesgo. Consiste en la exclusión del saco aneurismático mediante la interposición de una endoprótesis colocada por vía femoral. El tratamiento endovascular no puede ser utilizado en todos los pacientes. Una limitación frecuente la constituye el nacimiento de una arteria visceral desde el saco aneurismático. Para contrarrestar esta limitación recientemente se han desarrollado endoprótesis fenestradas que presentan orificios que se corresponden con el nacimiento de las arterias involucradas en el aneurisma evitando su oclusión, permitiendo de esta manera el tratamiento endovascular. En esta comunicación se presenta un caso de tratamiento endovascular de un aneurisma de aorta abdominal mediante la colocación de una endoprótesis fenestrada en un paciente cuya arteria renal izquierda nacía directamente del saco aneurismático.Endovascular treatment of the abdominal aortic aneurysm is consider an alternative to open surgery for high risk patients. Its goal is to exclude the aneurysm from the circulation by using an endoprothesis introduced from a femoral approach. Patients must be strictly selected to avoid possible complications. The most frequent limitation is related to anatomic contraindications such as visceral arteries involved in the aneurysm. Fenestrated endograft have been recently developed to allow endovascular treatment when anatomic features contraindicate classic endovascular procedures. Fenestrated endograft have holes that match with the origin of the visceral arteries maintaining its potency. In this paper we report the endovascular treatment of an abdominal aortic aneurysm by using a fenestrated endoprothesis in a patient whose left renal artery is originated from the aneurysm.

Correção endovascular do aneurisma da aorta abdominal: análise dos resultados de único centro

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Eduardo Rafael Novero

2012-02-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Avaliar os resultados clínicos imediatos e em médio prazo do tratamento endovascular em pacientes portadores de aneurisma da aorta abdominal em um centro de referência para doenças cardiovasculares. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Estudo retrospectivo de uma série de pacientes submetidos a tratamento endovascular de aneurisma da aorta abdominal, no período de janeiro de 2009 a julho de 2010. Foram avaliados as características demográficas, o sucesso técnico, o sucesso terapêutico, a morbimortalidade, as complicações e a taxa de reintervenções perioperatórias imediatos, e após um ano de acompanhamento. RESULTADOS: Foram analisados 102 pacientes consecutivos com idade média de 72 ± 9 anos, sendo 79% deles do sexo masculino. Houve sucesso técnico em 97,1% e êxito terapêutico em 81% dos casos. A mortalidade perioperatória foi de 0,9% e a anual, de 7,8%. Foram necessárias reintervenções em 18,8% dos pacientes durante o seguimento. CONCLUSÃO: Em nosso estudo, os resultados obtidos justificam a realização desse procedimento nos pacientes com anatomia adequada.

Síndrome da disfunção apical reversível (Takotsubo Transient ventricular dysfunction (Takotsubo cardiomyopathy

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José Marconi Almeida de Sousa

2005-04-01

Full Text Available Homem portador de miastenia gravis, internado por descompensação da doença de base, em insuficiência respiratória aguda. Na evolução, apresentou quadro sugestivo de infarto agudo do miocárdio, com alterações eletrocardiográficas e enzimáticas compatíveis com o diagnóstico. Submetido a coronariografia de urgência, não evidenciou obstrução coronariana grave, entretanto o ventrículo esquerdo apresentava disfunção sistólica importante, com alteração característica pela ventriculografia da síndrome descrita como disfunção ventricular transitória ou síndrome de Takotsubo. Na evolução, houve completa recuperação das alterações eletrocardiográficas e da função ventricular sistólica avaliada pelo ecocardiograma, confirmando a síndrome.The patient was a male with myasthenia gravis, hospitalized with acute respiratory failure due to decompensation of the underlying disease. He evolved with findings suggestive of acute myocardial infarction, with electrocardiographic and enzymatic alterations compatible with that diagnosis. The patient underwent emergency coronary angiography, which showed no severe coronary obstruction, although his left ventricle had significant systolic dysfunction with characteristic alterations, on ventriculography, of the syndrome described as transient ventricular dysfunction or Takotsubo syndrome. On evolution, complete recovery of the electrocardiographic alterations and systolic ventricular function assessed on echocardiography occurred, confirming the syndrome.

Evaluación del riesgo de ruptura de aneurismas de aorta abdominal personalizados mediante factores biomecánicos/Patient-specific abdominal aortic aneurysms rupture risk assessment by means of biomechanical factors

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Ariel Zúñiga‐Reyes

2014-05-01

Full Text Available El Aneurisma de Aorta Abdominal es la dilatación localizada, irreversible y progresiva que experimenta la pared aortica. Esta patología ha sido reconocida como un importante problema de salud, puesto que su ruptura está asociada mayormente a consecuencias fatales. La falta de criterios fiables, respecto a los actualmente utilizados, para la evaluación del riesgo de ruptura, constituye un inconveniente en la gestión clínica de la enfermedad. El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo evaluar el riesgo de ruptura de Aneurismas de Aorta Abdominal, mediante indicadores numéricos, como es previsto por el enfoque biomecánico. Fueron utilizadas técnicas de modelación por elementos finitos para determinar el comportamiento del flujo sanguíneo y el estado tensional de la pared arterial. Los resultados mostraron que ninguno de los aneurismas analizados presenta riesgo de ruptura elevado y que la evaluación del riesgo de ruptura mediante índices numéricos, es un camino viable para prever la ruptura de un aneurisma específico.Palabras claves: aneurisma de aorta abdominal, factores biomecánicos, interacción fluido-sólido, riesgo de ruptura.______________________________________________________________________________AbstractAbdominal Aortic Aneurysm is a localized, progressive and permanent dilation of the infra-renal aorta.AAA has increasingly been recognized as an important health problem in the last decades. The AAA rupture is mostly associated with fatal consequences. The lack of more reliable criteria for rupture riskassessing, results in a problem in the clinical management of the disease. This paper aims to assess the rupture risk of abdominal aortic aneurysms by means of numerical indexes, as envisaged by the biomechanical approach. Finite Volume Techniques were used to determine the blood flow behavior within aneurysmatic sac and the structural state of the arterial wall. The results showed that none of the assessed aneurysms is at

Modelo experimental estável de aneurisma sacular em artéria carótida de suínos utilizando veia jugular interna Stable experimental model of carotid artery saccular aneurysm in swine using the internal jugular vein

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Severino Lourenço da Silva Júnior

2013-04-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Desenvolver um modelo experimental estável de aneurisma sacular em carótida de suínos utilizando veia jugular interna. MÉTODOS: Em 12 suínos sadios, com peso variando entre 25 e 50kg, cinco machos e sete fêmeas, foi confeccionado aneurisma na artéria carótida comum direita. Após arteriotomia elíptica, foi realizada anastomose terminolateral com coto distal de veia jugular interna. O volume do aneurisma era calculado de maneira que o valor não excedesse em 27 vezes o valor da área da arteriotomia. Após seis dias, era realizada angiografia e análise microscópica do aneurisma para avaliar perviedade e trombose parcial ou total. RESULTADOS: Houve ganho de peso significante dos suínos no intervalo de tempo entre a confecção do aneurisma e a angiografia (p = 0,04. Foi observada perviedade aneurismática em dez suínos (83%. Ocorreram infecções de feridas operatórias em dois animais (16,6%, ambas com início de aparecimento em três dias após a confecção do aneurisma. Análise histológica dos aneurismas mostrou trombos ocluindo parcialmente a luz em nove suínos (75%. Nesses animais, observou-se que, em média, 9% da luz aneurismática estava preenchida por trombos. CONCLUSÃO: Pôde ser desenvolvido um modelo experimental estável de aneurisma sacular em carótida de suínos utilizando veia jugular interna.OBJECTIVE: To develop an experimental model of stable saccular aneurysm in carotid of pigs using the internal jugular vein. METHODS: In 12 healthy pigs, weighing between 25 and 50kg, five males and seven females, we made a right common carotid artery aneurysm. After elliptical arteriotomy, we carried out a terminolateral anastomosis with the distal stump of the internal jugular vein. Aneurysm volume was calculated so that the value did not exceed 27 times the area of the arteriotomy. After six days angiography and microscopic examination were performed to assess patency of the aneurysm and the presence of total or

Análise comparativa entre a vascularização arterial ventricular e do nó sinoatrial em corações de cães

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Caio Biasi

2013-01-01

Full Text Available Utilizamos nesta pesquisa 40 corações de cães adultos, machos e fêmeas, de idades variadas, que não portavam nenhuma afecção cardíaca. Os corações tiveram as artérias coronárias injetadas, separadamente, com Neoprene Látex 450, corado com pigmento vermelho, e posteriormente dissecados. Em todas estas preparações verificamos que na vascularização dos ventrículos predominava a artéria coronária esquerda que fornecia os ramos interventriculares paraconal e subsinuoso. Já, a região ocupada pelo nó sinoatrial ficava mais frequentemente (17 vezes, 42,5% na dependência do ramo proximal atrial esquerdo ou de colateral deste vaso, oriundo do ramo circunflexo esquerdo, ou deste vaso associado ao ramo distal atrial direito (8 vezes, 20%, procedente do ramo circunflexo direito. Com menor frequência (14 vezes, 30%, a área tomada pelo nó sinoatrial, encontramos apenas colaterais do ramo circunflexo direito, mais exatamente somente o ramo distal atrial direito (10 vezes, 25%, apenas o ramo proximal atrial direito (3 vezes, 7,5% ou ainda exclusivamente o ramo intermédio atrial direito (1 vez, 2,5%. Em um único caso (1 vez, 2,5% no território do nó sinoatrial observamos apenas colateral do ramo circunflexo esquerdo, isto é o ramo distal atrial esquerdo. A análise destes resultados permite concluir, que nesta espécie não existe qualquer tipo de relação entre o tipo de vascularização dos ventrículos e a irrigação do nó sinoatrial. Sendo assim, considerar os ramos ventriculares isoladamente não é suficiente para um entendimento clínico-cirúrgico aplicado, uma vez que os ramos atriais apresentam uma importante contribuição para a vascularização do nó sinoatrial.

Aneurismas y seudoaneurismas de injertos venosos coronarios Aneurysms and pseudo aneurysms from coronary venous grafts

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Sergio Franco

2005-04-01

Full Text Available Los aneurismas y seudoaneurismas de injertos de vena safena aortocoronarios, son una complicación inusual de la cirugía de revascularización miocárdica. En este reporte se presenta el caso de un paciente de género masculino de 61 años de edad, quien sufrió un infarto del miocardio de la pared inferior 14 años atrás. La angiografía coronaria mostró enfermedad severa de dos vasos. Se realizó anastomosis de la arteria mamaria interna izquierda, al tercio medio de la descendente anterior e injerto de vena safena al tercio distal de la arteria coronaria derecha. En marzo de 2003, consultó por dolor anginoso. La radiografía de tórax reveló una masa paracardiaca derecha. La arteriografía coronaria mostró aneurisma del puente venoso a la arteria coronaria derecha. Durante la evolución presentó hemoptisis masiva; se hizo cirugía y se halló fístula de aneurisma de puente venoso coronario al lóbulo medio del pulmón derecho. En este artículo se hace una revisión de la etiología, los hallazgos clínicos, la metodología diagnóstica y el tratamiento actual de esta entidad. Hasta la fecha de esta publicación se reportan aproximadamente 60 casos en la literatura inglesa.Aorto-coronary aneurysms/pseudo aneurysms from saphenous vein grafts are an unusual complication of myocardial revascularization surgery. We report the case of a 61 years old male patient who had suffered an inferior wall myocardial infarction 14 years before. Coronary angiography showed severe two-vessel disease. Anastomosis of the left internal mammary artery to the mid third left anterior descendant artery and saphenous vein grafting to the distal third of the right coronary artery, were performed. In March 2003 he complains of anginous pain. Chest X ray showed a right paracardiac mass. Coronary arteriography revealed an aneurysm of the venous bypass graft to the right coronary artery. During the evolution, the patient presents massive hemoptysis, requiring

Disfunção ventricular esquerda transitória por cardiomiopatia induzida por estresse Transient left ventricular dysfunction due to stress-induced cardiomyopathy

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Marcus Vinicius Simões

2007-10-01

Full Text Available Apresenta-se o caso de uma paciente de 71 anos que preencheu os critérios diagnósticos para cardiomiopatia induzida por estresse que foi desencadeada por intenso estresse emocional após atropelamento por bicicleta. O quadro clínico mimetizou o infarto agudo do miocárdio, manifestando-se com dor precordial, supradesnivelamento do segmento ST, seguido por ondas T profundas e prolongamento do intervalo QT, elevação discreta de enzimas cardíacas e cursando com disfunção sistólica apical do ventrículo esquerdo e hipercinesia das porções basais (conferindo o aspecto de "abaloamento apical", mas na ausência de obstrução coronariana subepicárdica. A função ventricular normalizou-se após a segunda semana de evolução.The case presented here is of a 71-yr-old female patient who met the diagnostic criteria for stress-induced cardiomyopathy, which was triggered by intense emotional stress after being hit by a bicycle. The clinical picture mimicked that of an acute myocardial infarction, manifesting as precordial pain, ST-segment depression followed by deep negative T waves and prolonging of the QT interval, slight increase in cardiac enzymes and coursing with transient apical ballooning of the left ventricle and hyperkinesis of the basal walls (conferring the aspect of "apical ballooning", although in the absence of subepicardial coronary obstruction. Ventricular function normalized after the second week of clinical evolution.

Tratamento de aneurismas da parte torácica da aorta pela introdução de "stents" sob visão endoscópica

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José Honório PALMA

1998-01-01

Full Text Available Tratamento de paciente com dois aneurismas saculares da aorta descendente, utilizando dois "stents" distintos, manufaturados sob medida tanto em comprimento quanto em diâmetro. Inseridos sob visão endoscópica com aparelho da marca "Olimpus" esterilizado com óxido de etileno, através de abertura na croça da aorta. O procedimento foi realizado por esternotomia mediana, com circulação extracorpórea, em hipotermia profunda e parada circulatória total. A manipulação endoscópica da aorta descendente, sem sangue, permitiu a identificação dos dois aneurismas, assim como a visão dos ramos principais da aorta e a inserção com expansão , na posição exata, dos dois "stents". A evolução pós- operatória foi satisfatória, sendo que este procedimento, inédito, abre uma nova perspectiva no tratamento dos aneurismas torácicos, toracoabdominais e abdominais.This is a case report of a patient with two saccular aneurysms in the thoracic descending aorta. Treatment consisted of the positioning, through an opening in the aortic arch under deep hipothermia and total circulatory arrest, of two auto expandable stents, guided an Olympus endoscope. The bloodless field made possible the identification of the main thoracic and abdominal aortic branches facilitating the positioning and expansion of both stents. Immediate postoperative recovery was excellent. This is a previously unreported way of placing stents and could open a new perspective in the treatment of thoraco, abdominal and thoracic abdominal aortic aneurysms.

Ruptura de aneurismas de aorta abdominal. Herramienta informática para su predicción // Rupture of abdominal aortic aneurysm. Software for its prediction

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Guillermo Villalta‐Alonso

2011-01-01

Full Text Available La ruptura de los aneurismas de aorta abdominal representa un evento clínico muy importantedebido a su alta tasa de mortalidad. Los indicadores empleados actualmente para decidir eltratamiento a pacientes con aneurismas son el diámetro máximo transversal y la tasa de crecimiento,los que pueden ser considerados insuficientes, pues no tienen una base teórica físicamentefundamentada. En el presente artículo se definen los fundamentos para el diseño de una herramientainformática para PC que permita predecir, con suficiente precisión para ser clínicamente relevante, elriesgo de ruptura de aneurismas de aorta abdominal sobre bases personalizadas del paciente. Laherramienta consta de 3 módulos, que están diseñados para procesar toda la información delpaciente e integrarla mediante un modelo que incorpora la interrelación de los factores biomecánicosde diferentes naturalezas (biológicos, estructurales y geométrico y escalas (temporal y dimensional,con el objetivo de calcular un indicador numérico y personalizado del riesgo de ruptura. Estaherramienta debe constituir un elemento auxiliar del facultativo médico en la toma de decisionesrespecto del tratamiento adecuado a pacientes con aneurisma.Palabras claves: AAA, riesgo de ruptura, modelo multiescala, predicción, herramienta informática.___________________________________________________________________AbstractThe rupture of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA represents an important clinical event due to its highmortality rate. Currently the criteria to decide on the treatment of AAA patients are the peaktransverse diameter and the growth rate which can be considered insufficient because they have nota reasonable physical base. The foundations for the design of PC software to predict, with sufficientaccuracy to be clinically relevant, the risk of AAA rupture on patient-specific basis are defined in thispaper. The software consists of 3 modules which are designed for processing all

Proposta para padronização do relatório de tomografia computadorizada nos aneurismas da aorta abdominal A proposal for standardizing computed tomography reports on abdominal aortic aneurysms

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Fabiola Goda Torlai

2006-08-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Propor um modelo de padronização de relatório para aneurisma da aorta abdominal na tomografia computadorizada. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Foram realizadas, no período de abril a outubro de 2004, entrevistas com integrantes da Disciplina de Cirurgia Vascular da nossa instituição, para elaboração de um modelo de padronização de relatório de tomografia computadorizada para o estudo do aneurisma da aorta abdominal. A partir deste modelo foi elaborado um questionário, enviado a nove outros cirurgiões, todos com experiência em cirurgia da aorta abdominal. O índice de resposta aos questionários foi de 55,5% (5/9. RESULTADOS: Os parâmetros de interesse citados mais freqüentemente para a avaliação dos aneurismas de aorta abdominal foram: diâmetro máximo do colo proximal, extensão do colo proximal até a artéria renal mais baixa, forma do colo proximal, diâmetro máximo do aneurisma e diâmetro das artérias ilíacas comuns. Estes dados permitiram elaborar uma proposta de modelo para padronização de relatório na tomografia computadorizada. CONCLUSÃO: Um modelo para a análise tomográfica padronizada do aneurisma de aorta abdominal permite atender às necessidades dos cirurgiões vasculares para acompanhar a evolução e planejar o tratamento destes pacientes.OBJECTIVE: To propose a model to standardize computed tomography reports on abdominal aortic aneurysms. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Interviews were carried out with members of Vascular Surgery Division of our institution, in the period between April and October 2004, aiming at developing a standardized model of computed tomography reports on abdominal aortic aneurysms. Based on this model, a questionnaire was elaborated and sent to other nine surgeons, all of them experienced in the field of abdominal aortic surgery. The questionnaires response rate was 55.5% (5/9. RESULTS: The most frequently mentioned parameters of interest for evaluation of abdominal aortic aneurysms

Quantificação da massa infartada do ventrículo esquerdo pela ressonância magnética cardíaca: comparação entre a planimetria e o método de escore visual semi-quantitativo Quantification of left ventricular infarcted mass on cardiac magnetic resonance imaging: comparison between planimetry and the semiquantitative visual scoring method

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Clerio Francisco de Azevedo Filho

2004-08-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Validar um novo método de escore visual semi-quantitativo contra a planimetria digital quantitativa para a determinação da massa infartada do ventrículo esquerdo pela ressonância magnética cardíaca com técnica de realce tardio. MÉTODO: Estudados 77 pacientes com infarto miocárdico prévio em aparelho de ressonância magnética de 1,5T utilizando técnica de realce tardio para avaliação da viabilidade miocárdica e cálculo da massa infartada. Para avaliação da função ventricular esquerda pelo método de Simpson utilizamos técnica de cine-ressonância. O cálculo da massa infartada foi realizado nas imagens de realce tardio de duas formas: planimetria e método de escore. Utilizamos métodos de regressão linear simples, correlação e concordância entre métodos e observadores segundo a análise de Bland-Altman. RESULTADOS: Em todos os 77 pacientes as áreas de infarto foram detectadas pela ressonância magnética cardíaca utilizando a técnica de realce tardio. O tamanho do infarto medido pela planimetria foi semelhante ao obtido pelo método de escore, com a média das diferenças entres as medidas de apenas 1,03% da massa do ventrículo esquerdo. As variabilidades inter (0,41% e intra-observador (0,34% evidenciaram excelente reprodutibilidade do método de escore. A massa infartada apresentou boa correlação com a fração de ejeção e volumes distólico e sistólico finais indexados, r=-0,76, r=0,63 e r=0,67, respectivamente. CONCLUSÃO: A avaliação de pacientes com infarto agudo do miocárdio prévio pela ressonância magnética cardíaca, utilizando a técnica de realce tardio, permite a determinação reprodutível do tamanho do infarto, tanto pelo método de planimetria, quanto pelo modelo semi-quantitativo de escore.OBJECTIVE: To compare a new semiquantitative visual scoring method with quantitative digital planimetry for determining left ventricular infarcted mass by use of cardiac delayed contrast

Procedimento de Lecompte para a correção de transposição das grandes artérias, associada à comunicação interventricular e obstrução de via de saída do ventrículo esquerdo Lecompte procedure for correction of the transposition of the great arteries associated with ventricular septal defect and left ventricle outflow tract obstruction

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Miguel Angel Maluf

2006-12-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Avaliar o procedimento de Lecompte para a correção da transposição das grandes artérias associada à comunicação interventricular e obstrução da via de saída do ventrículo esquerdo (TGA, CIV e OVSVE e apresentar os resultados no período pós-operatório intermediário e tardio. MÉTODO: Entre fevereiro de 1994 e julho de 2005, sete pacientes, com idade de 2 a 8 anos (mediana -M-: 3,0, portadores de TGA, CIV e OVSVE, foram submetidos a tratamento cirúrgico corretivo. Em seis casos, foi utilizado o procedimento de Lecompte. Esta técnica consiste na abordagem por ventriculotomia direita, ressecção ampla do septo conal e construção de um túnel ventricular conectando o ventrículo esquerdo à aorta; o caso restante apresentava obstrução da prótese valvulada implantada entre o ventrículo direito e a artéria pulmonar (VD-AP e falência do VD e foi submetido à conversão no procedimento de Lecompte. RESULTADOS: Os tempos de CEC variaram entre 105 e 194 min (M: 130 e os tempos de anoxia entre 65 e 90 min (M: 78. Houve um óbito no pós-operatório imediato devido a coagulopatia, seguido de insuficiência ventricular direita. Os seis pacientes sobreviventes receberam alta hospitalar no período de 5 a 30 dias (M: 11 e permaneceram em acompanhamento entre 12 a 144 meses (M: 73,6. CONCLUSÃO: O procedimento de Lecompte teve como vantagens: 1 - Indicação cirúrgica em pacientes com menor faixa etária; 2 - Baixa morbi-mortalidade; 3 - Expectativa de acompanhamento a longo prazo, sem reoperação; 4 - Possibilidade de converter o procedimento de Rastelli em Lecompte.OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the Lecompte procedure used for the correction of transposition of the great arteries (TGA associated with ventricular septal defect (VSD and left ventricle outflow tract obstruction (LVOTO and to present the intermediate and long-term results of the surgery. METHODS: Between February 1994 and July 2005, seven patients with ages between 2

Tratamento cirúrgico dos aneurismas toracoabdominais da aorta Surgical treatment of thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms

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Januário M Souza

1991-04-01

Full Text Available Foram operados, em nosso Serviço, 161 aneurismas da aorta, sendo 99 por dissecção e 62 por outras causas. Em cinco pacientes, os aneurismas eram de localização toracoabdominal, sendo três por degeneração aterosclerótica e dois por dissecção; três pacientes eram do sexo feminino e a idade variou de 31 a 71 anos. Dois pacientes submeteram-se a aneurismectomia previamente (um da aorta ascendente e outro da porção proximal da aorta torácica. Revascularização miocárdica foi feita em um paciente, 40 dias antes da aneurismectomia. A indicação em todos os pacientes foi dor, causada por compressão do aneurisma, sendo que, em dois, havia insuficiência respiratória associada. Todos os pacientes foram operados através de incisão toracoabdominal e abertura do diafragma. A aorta foi substituída por tubo de Dacron, desde sua porção proximal até sua bifurcação, e as artérias viscerais foram implantadas no tubo. Quatro pacientes foram operados com pinçamento da aorta; um paciente necessitou emprego de circulação extracorpórea e parada circulatória, por impossibilidade de pinçamento da aorta junto à artéria subclávia. Todos os pacientes sobreviveram ao ato cirúrgico, ocorrendo dois óbitos no pós-operatório, um subitamente no 12º dia e outro por coma neurológico secundário a parada cardíaca causada por hipoxia.Five patients have been operated on of thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms. The mean age was 53 years (range 31-71 and three were women. All the patients were symptomatic, three of them had arteriosclerotic aneurysms, and the other two had dissecting aneurysms. Three patients had been operated on previously. The exposure of aneurysm was made through a thoracoabdominal incision, in four patients clamps were placed above and below the aneurysm and it was incised longitudinally. Bypass between left atrium and left femoral artery with hypothermia and circulatory arrest was used in the other patients, since the

Pseudo-aneurisma de artéria subclávia pós fratura de clavícula: relato de caso

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ROSÁRIO, Ricardo Costa Val; RIOS, Adriana Vaggiani; FIGUEIREDO JÚNIOR, Fernando de Assis; CHRISTO, Sérgio Figueiredo Campos; SIMÃO FILHO, Charles; CHRISTO, Marcelo Campos

1997-01-01

Os autores descrevem a formação de um pseudo-aneurisma de artéria subclávia esquerda após trauma contuso seguido de fratura de clavícula esquerda. Comentários e uma breve revisão da literatura são mencionadosThe authors describe the left subclavian artery pseudo-aneurysm formation after blunt trauma followed by left clavicular fracture. Comments and a brief review of the literature are also mentioned.

Oclusão percutânea do apêndice atrial esquerdo com o Amplatzer Cardiac PlugTM na fibrilação atrial

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Márcio José Montenegro

2012-02-01

Full Text Available Fundamento: A fibrilação atrial está associada a acidentes vasculares embólicos que frequentemente resultam em morte ou invalidez. Eficaz na redução desses eventos, a anticoagulação possui várias limitações e vem sendo amplamente subutilizada. Mais de 90% dos trombos identificados nos portadores de fibrilação atrial sem doença valvar se originam no apêndice atrial esquerdo, cuja oclusão é investigada como uma alternativa à anticoagulação. Objetivo: Determinar a viabilidade da oclusão percutânea do apêndice atrial esquerdo em pacientes com alto risco de eventos embólicos e limitações ao uso de anticoagulação. Métodos: Relatamos a experiência inicial com o Amplatzer Cardiac PlugTM (St. Jude Medical Inc., Saint Paul, Estados Unidos em pacientes com fibrilação atrial não valvar. Foram selecionados pacientes com alto risco de tromboembolia, sangramentos maiores e contraindicações ao uso ou grande labilidade na resposta ao anticoagulante. Os procedimentos foram realizados por via percutânea, sob anestesia geral e com ecocardiografia transesofágica. O desfecho primário foi a presença de complicações periprocedimento e o seguimento programado incluiu reavaliação clínica e ecocardiográfica em 30 dias e por contato telefônico após nove meses. Resultados: Nos cinco pacientes selecionados se conseguiu a oclusão do apêndice atrial esquerdo sem complicações periprocedimento. Não houve eventos clínicos no seguimento. Conclusão: Ensaios clínicos controlados são necessários antes que o fechamento percutâneo do apêndice atrial esquerdo constitua uma alternativa à anticoagulação na fibrilação atrial não associada a doença valvar. Mas o dispositivo se mostrou promissor em pacientes com alto risco de embolia e restrições ao uso de anticoagulantes.

Surgical treatment of intracranial aneurysms: six-year experience in Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil Tratamento cirúrgico dos aneurismas intracranianos: experiência de seis anos em Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil

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Leodante Batista da Costa Jr

2004-06-01

Full Text Available Spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage accounts for 5 to 10 % of all strokes, with a worldwide incidence of 10.5 / 100000 person/year, varying in individual reports from 1.1 to 96 /100000 person/year. Angiographic and autopsy studies suggest that between 0.5% and 5% of the population have intracranial aneurysms. Approximately 30000 people suffer aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage in the United States each year, and 60% die or are left permanently disabled. We report our experience in the surgical treatment of intracranial aneurysms in a six year period, in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil. We reviewed the hospital files, surgical and out-patient notes of all patients operated on for the treatment of intracranial aneurysms from January 1997 to January 2003. Four hundred and seventy-seven patients were submitted to 525 craniotomies for treatment of 630 intracranial aneurysms. The majority of patients were female (72.1% in the fourth or fifth decade of life. Anterior circulation aneurysms were more common (94.4%. The most common location for the aneurysm was the middle cerebral artery bifurcation. The patients were followed by a period from 1 month to 5 years. The outcome was measured by the Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS. At discharge, 62.1% of the patients were classified as GOS 5, 13.9% as GOS 4, 8.7% as GOS 3, 1.7% as GOS 2 and 14.8% as GOS 1.A hemorragia subaracnóidea espontânea é responsável por cerca de 5 a 10% de todos os acidentes vasculares cerebrais, com uma incidência mundial de 10,5 / 100000 pessoas/ano, variando em estudos individuais de 1,1 a 96 / 100000 pessoas / ano, de acordo com diferenças étnicas e geográficas. Estudos angiográficos e de necropsia sugerem que a presença de aneurismas intracranianos ocorre em 0,5-5% da população mundial. De acordo com estatísticas norte-americanas, ocorrem cerca de 30000 rupturas de aneurisma cerebral por ano naquele país, com conseqüências desastrosas para grande parte dos pacientes

Pseudoaneurisma Ventricular Izquierdo en Cara Inferior con Flujo Bidireccional

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Adrián J Da Silva-De Abreu

2009-01-01

Full Text Available Los pseudoaneurismas son complicaciones infrecuentes de los infartos del miocardio. Consisten en un saco pericárdico que comunica con la cavidad ventricular a través de un cuello de menor diámetro. Se presenta el caso de una paciente de 68 años de edad, con DM II e HTA, sufre Infarto Agudo del Miocardio en Mayo del 2008, presentando disnea y tos por una semana, con diaforesis profusa de inicio súbito y síncope sin dolor precordial. El electrocardiograma reporta zonas de isquemia transmural y subendocárdica en caras inferolateral y lateral alta, respectivamente, y zona eléctricamente inactivable en cara inferior. El ecocardiograma transtorácico muestra el ventrículo izquierdo con dilatación severa, disminución de la fracción de eyección (25% y un pseudoaneurisma de la pared inferior con cuello de 3 mm a través del cual se evidencia flujo bidireccional, de entrada al ventrículo durante la diástole y salida al pseudoaneurisma en sístole. El flujo bidireccional y el gasto cardíaco disminuido contribuyen a evitar el taponamiento cardiaco, sin embargo, en condiciones de mayor demanda el pseudoaneurisma podría perforarse y ocasionar dicha entidad. De ello, la importancia del diagnostico diferencial con los aneurismas verdaderos, lo cual permite llevar a cabo la terapéutica adecuada y evitar tal complicación.

Coexistência de múltiplas complicações mecânicas decorrentes de episódio único de infarto agudo do miocárdio: tratamento cirúrgico com sucesso Coexistence of multiple mechanical complications from a single acute myocardial infarction: successful surgical treatment

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Luis Alberto Saraiva Santos

2005-12-01

Full Text Available Pseudoaneurisma (PsAn de ventrículo esquerdo (VE e aneurisma subpericárdico são complicações raras após o infarto agudo do miocárdio (IAM. Apresentamos, no presente trabalho, o caso de um paciente de 68 anos que após IAM desenvolveu comunicação interventricular (CIV. E que, após a cirurgia de correção de CIV, ocorreu a coexistência de PsAn e aneurisma verdadeiro de VE como complicação tardia. O tratamento cirúrgico foi realizado com sucesso e baseou-se na ressecção de ambas as complicações com subseqüente reconstrução geométrica.Pseudoaneurysms of the left ventricle and subpericardial aneurysms are rare complications of acute myocardium infarctions. This article is based on the case of a 68-year-old patient who developed an interventricular communication after an acute myocardium infarction. Surgical repair of this complication resulted in the coexistence of a pseudoaneurysm and a true aneurysm of the left ventricle as a late complication. A second surgical procedure was successful, based on resection of both complications with subsequent geometric reconstruction.

Aneurisma sacular da artéria radial: a propósito de um caso clínico Sacular aneurysm of the radial artery: a case report

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Nádia Duarte

2011-06-01

Full Text Available Os aneurismas da artéria radial são raros e esporádicos, sendo que os pseudoaneurismas são mais frequentes do que os aneurismas verdadeiros e maioritariamente de configuração sacular. A etiologia é variada e diferenciam-se de outros diagnósticos pela pulsação e frémito. Raramente se complicam de ruptura, sendo a trombose e embolização as principais complicações. Dos casos publicados sobre aneurismas verdadeiros da artéria radial, apenas um está descrito como sendo secundário a lesão ocupacional repetitiva, sendo a maioria de causa idiopática. Os autores descrevem um caso de uma mulher de 63 anos, referenciada à consulta de Cirurgia Vascular por crescimento de massa pulsátil na tabaqueira anatómica da mão esquerda. O estudo por eco-doppler e angiografia, confirmaram o diagnóstico de aneurisma sacular da artéria radial, com 20 mm de maior eixo, arcada palmar permeável e sem sinais de embolização distal. Foi submetida a aneurismectomia parcial com laqueação dupla proximal e distal e endoaneurismorrafia. A cirurgia e pós-operatório decorreram sem complicações, nomeadamente complicações isquémicas. A propósito desde caso clínico, discute-se a abordagem diagnóstica e opções terapêuticas.Radial artery aneurysms are sporadic and rare, pseudoaneurysms are more common than true aneurysms, mainly in saccular configuration. The etiology is varied and difference from other diagnostics is done by the presence of pulse and thrill. Thrombosis and embolization are the main complications, while rupture is rare. From the reported cases of true aneurysms of the radial artery, only one is described as being secondary to repetitive occupational injury, the majority being idiopathic. The authors describe the case of a 63 year old woman, referred to a Vascular Surgery consultation because of a growing pulsatile mass in the anatomical snuffbox of the left hand. The Doppler and Angiography studies confirmed the diagnosis of

A compreensão do significado cultural do aneurisma cerebral e do tratamento atribuídos pelo paciente e familiares: um estudo etnográfico La comprensión del significado cultural del aneurisma cerebral y del tratamiento atribuídos por el paciente y los familiares: un estudio etnográfico The cultural meaning of cerebral aneurysm and its treatment for the patient and relatives: an ethnographic study

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Maria Helena Pinto

2000-01-01

Full Text Available Este trabalho consiste de um estudo etnográfico descritivo, com 13 pacientes acometidos pelo aneurisma cerebral e seus familiares, com o objetivo de compreender o significado da doença e do tratamento. Os dados foram coletados por entrevistas e observações durante a hospitalização e depois da alta, no ambulatório e na residência. O tema central obtido do estudo foi "Tinha que ser para mim. Deus sabe o que faz". Este tema revela uma interpretação religiosa para a doença e uma fundamentação mágica para o tratamento. Assim, o aneurisma cerebral é interpretado como uma doença material (corpo e uma doença espiritual (alma.Esta investigación consiste en un estudio etnográfico de los pacientes afectados por aneurisma cerebral y sus familiares, con el objetivo de objetivo de comprender el significado de la enfermedad y el tratamiento. Los datos fueron recolectados por entrevistas y observaciones durante la hospitalización y después del alta en la consulta externa y en la residencia. El tema central obtenido del estudio fue: "Tenia que ser para mi. Dios sabe lo que hace". Este tema manifiesta una interpretación religiosa para la enfermedad y una fundamentación mágica para el tratamiento. Así, el aneurisma cerebral es comprendido como una enfermedad material (del cuerpo y una enfermedad espiritual (del alma.This is a descriptive ethnographic study with 13 patients with cerebral aneurysm and their relatives aiming at understanding the meaning of the illness and the treatment. The data were collected by interviews and observations during the hospitalization and, after the discharge, in the outpatient clinic and at home. The central theme obtained from the study was "It had to be for me! God knows what He does". This theme reveals a religious interpretation for the illness and a magic basis for its cure.Thus, cerebral aneurysm is interpreted as a material illness (body and a spiritual illness (soul.

Caso Clínico ARP Nº9: Cardiomiopatia Hipertrofica e Cardiopatia Isquémica

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Marques, Hugo

2017-01-01

Caso 1 / A70 anosEcg com alterações da repolarização ventricularEcocardiograma com má janela.Queixas de precordialgia atípica.Cardiomiopatia hipertrofica apical com aneurisma apical (burn out ápex). A HCM apical é difícil de diagnosticas por ecocardiograma. Alterações da repolarização são frequentes.Caso 2 / B55 anosInternamento há 2 meses com dor precordial, ligeiro aumento das troponinas e discinésia ventricular esquerda apical. Fez cateterismo com coronarias normais.Por ausência de recuper...

Pseudoaneurisma Ventricular Izquierdo en Cara Inferior con Flujo Bidireccional

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Adrián J Da Silva-De Abreu

2011-01-01

Full Text Available Los pseudoaneurismas son complicaciones infrecuentes de los infartos del miocardio. Consisten en un saco pericárdico que comunica con la cavidad ventricular a través de un cuello de menor diámetro. Se presenta el caso de una paciente de 68 años de edad, con DM II e HTA, sufre Infarto Agudo del Miocardio en Mayo del 2008, presentando disnea y tos por una semana, con diaforesis profusa de inicio súbito y síncope sin dolor precordial. El electrocardiograma reporta zonas de isquemia transmural y subendocárdica en caras inferolateral y lateral alta; respectivamente, y zona eléctricamente inactivable en cara inferior. El ecocardiograma transtorácico muestra el ventrículo izquierdo con dilatación severa, disminución de la fracción de eyección (25% y un pseudoaneurisma de la pared inferior con cuello de 3 mm a través del cual se evidencia flujo bidireccional: de entrada al ventrículo durante la diástole y salida al pseudoaneurisma en sístole. El flujo bidireccional y el gasto cardíaco disminuido contribuyen a evitar el taponamiento cardiaco, sin embargo, en condiciones de mayor demanda el pseudoaneurisma podría perforarse y ocasionar dicha entidad. De ello, la importancia del diagnostico diferencial con los aneurismas verdaderos, lo cual permite llevar a cabo la terapéutica adecuada y evitar tal complicación. Palabras claves: Pseudoaneurisma, Infarto del Miocardio, Diabetes.

Pseudoinfarto agudo do miocárdio devido à síndrome da disfunção ventricular apical transitória (síndrome de Takotsubo Pseudo-acute myocardial infarction due to transient apical ventricular dysfunction syndrome (Takotsubo syndrome

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Bruno Araújo Maciel

2013-03-01

Full Text Available A síndrome de Takotsubo caracteriza-se por disfunção ventricular esquerda transitória, predominantemente medioapical, desencadeada caracteristicamente por estresse físico ou emocional. Relata-se aqui o caso de uma paciente de 61 anos de idade, admitida com tontura, sudorese profusa e mal-estar súbito, após intenso estresse emocional. Exame físico e eletrocardiograma inicial foram normais, porém havia elevação de troponina I e CKMB massa. Suspeitou-se de infarto agudo do miocárdio sem supradesnivelamento do segmento ST, indicando cineangiocoronariografia de urgência. Foram evidenciados ventrículo esquerdo com hipocinesia difusa grave, balonamento sistólico medioapical e coronárias sem lesões significativas. A paciente foi encaminhada aos cuidados intensivos, evoluindo satisfatoriamente com terapia de suporte. Conforme visto, a cardiomiopatia de Takotsubo pode simular infarto agudo do miocárdio, sendo a cineangiocoronariografia importante para distinção na fase aguda. Neste caso, a paciente evoluiu com resolução espontânea da disfunção ventricular, sem sequelas.Takotsubo syndrome is characterized by predominantly medial-apical transient left ventricular dysfunction, which is typically triggered by physical or emotional stress. The present article reports the case of a 61-year-old female patient presenting with dizziness, excessive sweating, and sudden state of ill feeling following an episode involving intense emotional stress. The physical examination and electrocardiogram were normal upon admission, but the troponin I and creatine kinase-MB concentrations were increased. Acute myocardial infarction without ST segment elevation was suspected, and coronary angiography was immediately performed, which showed severe diffuse left ventricular hypokinesia, medial-apical systolic ballooning, and a lack of significant coronary injury. The patient was referred to the intensive care unit and was successfully treated with supportive

Pseudo-aneurisma post-traumático de tronco de arteria coronaria izquierda Post-traumatic false (pseudo aneurysm of the left main coronary artery

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Melina M. Gallo

2011-08-01

Full Text Available El pseudo-aneurisma de arteria coronaria es extremadamente raro. Su historia natural es poco conocida y su tratamiento discutido. Se presenta el caso de un paciente con pseudo-aneurisma de tronco de la coronaria izquierda e infarto antero-apical del ventrículo izquierdo cinco años después de un paro cardíaco secundario a un traumatismo no penetrante de tórax. Se consideró entonces que la lesión no era pasible de corrección percutánea o quirúrgica por lo que se optó por tratamiento médico conservador. Una angiografía coronaria por tomografía computarizada multicorte realizada 10 años después del evento inicial mostró ausencia de progresión de la lesión.Coronary pseudo-aneurysm is an extremely rare entity. Its natural history is scarcely known and its treatment is controversial. We report a case of pseudo-aneurysm of the left main coronary artery associated with an antero-apical infarct of the left ventricle diagnosed five years after a cardiac arrest following a non-penetrating thoracic trauma. The patient was treated conservatively because percutaneous or surgical correction were not considered suitable for this lesion. A multidetector computed tomography coronary angiogram performed 10 years after the initial event showed no evidence of progression.

Resultados del tratamiento quirúrgico de los aneurismas del complejo cerebral anterior-arteria comunicante anterior

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Armando Alemán Rivera

2001-06-01

Full Text Available Se realiza un estudio de 30 pacientes con aneurismas localizados en el complejo de la arteria cerebral anterior-arteria comunicante anterior (ACoA, operados en el Servicio de Neurocirugía del Hospital Universitario "Arnaldo Milián Castro", durante un período de 7 años. Se analizan variables tales como edad, sexo, estado neurológico preoperatorio, momento quirúrgico, complicaciones y estado al egreso. La mortalidad general fue del 10 %The authors carried out a study in 30 patients with aneurysms located in the anterior communicating artery-anterior cerebral complex (ACA-ACC, that were operated on at the Neurosurgery Service of "Arnaldo Milián Castro" Teaching Hospital, during a period of 7 years. Variables such as age, sex, preoperative neurologic state, surgical moment, complications and status on discharge were analyzed. General mortality was 10 %

Aneurisma venoso na junção esplenomesentérica e emergência da veia porta: relato de caso Venous aneurysm at the splenomesenteric confluence at the level of portal vein emergence: a case report

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Mário Müller Lorenzato

2009-06-01

Full Text Available Os aneurismas no sistema esplenoportomesentérico são uma entidade clínica rara e de etiologia desconhecida, tendo como fatores contribuintes hipertensão portal, doença hepática crônica e trauma, entre outros. Os autores apresentam os achados de imagem de um caso de aneurisma na junção esplenomesentérica ao nível da emergência da veia porta, em uma paciente de 62 anos de idade sem fatores predisponentes.Aneurysms in the splenoportomesenteric system constitute a rare entity whose etiology is still to be determined. Predisponent factors include portal hypertension, chronic hepatic disease and trauma, among others. The authors present a case of an aneurysm at the splenomesenteric confluence where it joins the portal vein, in a female, 62-year-old patient with no predisponent factor.

Perfil clínico de pacientes chagásicos e não-chagásicos portadores de marca-passo cardíaco artificial Clinical profile of Chagas and non-Chagas' disease patients with cardiac pacemaker

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Leonor Garcia Rincon

2006-06-01

Full Text Available O objetivo do estudo foi comparar pacientes chagásicos e não-chagásicos com marca-passo cardíaco artificial uni ou bicameral quanto à fração de ejeção do ventrículo esquerdo, o limiar de estimulação ventricular e a incidência de arritmias cardíacas. Entre janeiro/2001 e novembro/2002 foram avaliados 45 pacientes chagásicos e 35 não-chagásicos portadores de marca-passo quanto à história clínica, radiografia do tórax, ecocardiograma, Holter 24h e análise telemétrica do marca-passo. Embora os chagásicos fossem mais jovens, os dois grupos foram semelhantes quanto a variáveis radiológicas e o limiar de estimulação ventricular direito. Os chagásicos apresentaram menor fração de ejeção do ventrículo esquerdo ao ecocardiograma e maior incidência de arritmia ventricular ao Holter 24h. Observou-se correlação positiva entre a baixa fração de ejeção do ventrículo esquerdo e a intensidade da arritmia ventricular ao Holter 24h. Em pacientes com marca-passo, a doença de Chagas está associada a marcadores cardíacos de prognóstico adverso.The aim of this study was to compare Chagas and non-Chagas' disease patients using single or dual-chamber pacemaker in relation to the ejection fraction of the left ventricle, the ventricular stimulation threshold and the occurrence of ventricular arrhythmia. From January, 2001 to November, 2002, 45 Chagas' disease patients and 35 non-Chagas' disease patients, all pacemaker users, were evaluated considering clinical history, echocardiographic study, Holter monitoring and analysis of the pacemaker telemetry data. Chagas' disease patients were significantly younger, but both groups were similar when chest X-Ray variables and right ventricular stimulation threshold were analyzed. Chagas' disease patients had a lower left ventricular ejection fraction and more frequent ventricular arrhythmia during Holter monitoring. A positive correlation between the low ejection fraction of the left

Spontaneous thrombosis of internal carotid artery: a natural history of giant carotid cavernous aneurysms Trombose espontânea da artéria carótida interna: a história natural dos aneurismas gigantes intracavernosos

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Lucas Perez de Vasconcellos

2009-06-01

Full Text Available OBJECTIVE: To describe five cases of giant carotid cavernous aneurysms which evolved with spontaneous thrombosis of internal carotid artery (STICA, with emphasis at epidemiology, clinical presentation, natural history, related factors and neurological outcome. METHOD: There were 711 consecutives patients with 802 aneurysms with and without surgical treatment during a period of 19 years. We selected 35 patients with 40 carotid cavernous aneurysms (5% of which 20 (50% were giant aneurysms. Among those cases, 5 patients evolved with STICA (25%. Symptoms and findings at presentation were recorded and compared with those at outcome. RESULTS: Clinical presentation was commonly related to atherosclerotic factors such as elevated blood pressure (80%, diabetes mellitus (40% and dislipidemy (40%. All patients presented with hemicranial headache, ophthalmparesy and retro bulbar pain, and after STICA all presented improvement of symptoms. After STICA, 4 patients had regression of deficit, 2 partial and 2 complete. Four patients had sensorial trigeminal neuropathy in V1 and V2 territories, also showing improvement of symptoms after STICA. CONCLUSION: STICA is a common outcome in giant carotid cavernous aneurysms, and is related with significant improvement of symptoms; however, it may be catastrophic for those patients without efficient collateral circulation.OBJETIVO: Relatar cinco casos de aneurismas gigantes intracavernosos que evoluíram com trombose espontânea da artéria carótida interna (TEACI, estudando-se: prevalência, apresentação clínica, história natural, fatores associados e prognóstico neurológico. MÉTODO: Análise de 711 pacientes consecutivos com diagnóstico de 802 aneurismas cerebrais submetidos a tratamento clínico ou cirúrgico num período de 19 anos. Foram identificados 40 aneurismas intracavernosos, sendo que 20 desses eram gigantes. Dentre esses, 5 pacientes com aneurismas gigantes intracavernosos que evoluíram com TEACI

Correção de aneurisma do tronco braquiocefálico, 10 anos após traumatismo torácico fechado Correction of an innominate artery aneurysm, 10 years after a blunt chest trauma

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José Almeida Lopes

2012-03-01

Full Text Available Aneurismas do tronco braquiocefálico são extremamente raros. Os autores apresentam o caso clínico de um doente de 22 anos de idade, com antecedente de atropelamento de alta energia há cerca de 10 anos por motociclo, com traumatismo toraco-abdominal anterior, em quem foi acidentalmente descoberto um aneurisma do tronco braquiocefálico com 52mm. Para a exclusão do referido aneurisma o doente foi submetido com sucesso à construção de um bypass aorta ascendente-carotídio-subclávio com prótese bifurcada de Dacron® (14x7mm, com abordagem por esternotomia mediana, cervical e supra-clavicular. É feita uma revisão da literatura, sendo descritas e discutidas as características clínicas, o tratamento cirúrgico e o mecanismo de traumatismo torácico sobre o tronco braquiocefálico.Innominate artery aneurysms are extremely rare. The authors present a case report of a 22-year-old patient, in whom was accidently discovered an innominate artery aneurysm of 52 mm, 10 years after a blunt thoraco-abdominal trauma caused by a high energy running over by a motorcycle. For the exclusion of the aneurysm, the patient was successfully submitted to the construction of an ascending aorta-carotid-subclavian bypass with bifurcated Dacron® graft (14x7mm, by means of a median sternotomy, right cervical and supra-clavicular approaches. Review of the literature, clinical features, surgical treatment and chest trauma mechanisms over the innominate artery are described and discussed.

Aneurisma del tronco principal de la arteria coronaria izquierda Descripción de un caso clínico y revisión de tema

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Julio C. Rodríguez, MD

2010-05-01

Full Text Available El aneurisma arterial coronario constituye una entidad rara en la población; su incidencia varía entre 1,5% y 5%, siendo más frecuente en hombres. Existe escasa bibliografía acerca de esta patología a pesar de que su estudio se remonta a finales del siglo XVIII. La arteria que se afecta con mayor frecuencia es la coronaria derecha, aproximadamente en 40% de los casos. La dificultad al momento del diagnóstico clínico radica en que inicialmente el enfoque está dirigido a confirmar y tratar de manera oportuna el síndrome coronario agudo que con insistencia constituye la manifestación inicial con que cursan este tipo de pacientes; por ello el diagnóstico necesariamente requiere ayudas imaginológicas e intervencionistas, o ambas. Hay muchas causas que puedan producir aneurismas en la circulación coronaria, la más común de ellas es la aterosclerosisseguida por trastornos congénitos, enfermedades del tejido conectivo, vasculitis y consumo de cocaína entre otros. Recientemente se han publicado innovadores estudios respecto a la fisiopatología y los avances en terapéutica farmacológica e intervencionista, aunque el tratamiento debe enfocarse en los factores de riesgo, las patologías y las manifestaciones clínicas que presente el paciente.

Cirugía de preservación valvular aórtica en los aneurismas de la raíz aórtica en el síndrome de Marfan

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Alberto Forteza

2010-10-01

Conclusiones: La técnica de reimplante de la válvula aórtica ofrece unos resultados excelentes a corto y medio plazo. Elimina las complicaciones asociadas a las prótesis valvulares y al tratamiento anticoagulante, por lo que debe considerarse el tratamiento de elección para los aneurismas de la raíz de aorta en pacientes con SM.

Obesidade abdominal, resistência à insulina e hipertensão: impacto sobre a massa e a função do ventrículo esquerdo em mulheres Abdominal obesity, insulin resistance and hypertension: impact on left ventricular mass and function in women

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Eliana A. Silva

2007-08-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Avaliar a relação da obesidade central, hiperinsulinemia e hipertensão arterial (HA com a massa e a geometria do ventrículo esquerdo em mulheres. MÉTODOS: Foram avaliadas 70 mulheres (35 a 68 anos, divididas em quatro grupos de acordo com a presença de obesidade central e hipertensão arterial. Determinou-se a área de gordura visceral. A glicose e insulina plasmáticas foram determinadas antes e 2 h após uma sobrecarga oral de 75 g de glicose. Realizada avaliação cardiológica. RESULTADOS: Comparado ao grupo NT-OB, o grupo HT-OB apresentou insulinemia mais elevada no TOTG de 2 h (127,5 ± 73,0 vs 86,8 ± 42,7 µU/ml; p = 0,05 e menor relação onda E/A (0,8 ± 0,1 vs 1.2 ± 0,3; p OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the relationship between central obesity, hyperinsulinemia and arterial hypertension with left ventricular mass and geometry in women. METHODS: This study included 70 women (35-68 years, divided into four groups according to the presence of central obesity and hypertension. Visceral fat area was determined. Blood glucose and plasma insulin were determined before and two hours after an oral 75g glucose load and the patients were submitted to cardilogical evaluation. RESULTS: Compared to NT-OB, HT-OB presented higher levels of plasma insulin at 2h-OGTT (127.5 ± 73.0 vs 86.8 ± 42.7 µU/ml; p = 0.05, and reduced E wave/A wave ratio (E/A (0.8 ± 0.1 vs 1.2 ± 0.3; p < 0.05. Compared to NT-NO, HT-NO showed higher insulin levels before glucose load (7.46 ± 3.1 vs 4.32 ± 2.1 muU/ml; p < 0.05, higher HOMAr (1.59 ± 0.72 vs 0.93 ± 0.48 mmol.mU/l²; p = 0.006, higher leptin level (19.1 ± 9.6 vs 7.4 ± 3.5 ng/ml; p = 0.028, greater VF area (84.40 ± 55.7 vs 37.50 ± 23.0 cm²; p = 0.036, increased IVSTd (9.6 ± 1.2 vs 8.2 ± 1.7 mm; p <0.05 and (LVM/height (95.8 ± 22.3 vs 78.4 ± 15.5 g/m; p < 0.05. Multiple linear regression analysis showed age, BMI and fasting glucose as determinants on LVM/height (R² = 0.59; p < 0

Endovascular repair of an aorto-iliac aneurysm succeeded by kidney transplantation Tratamento endovascular de aneurisma aorto-ilíaco sucedido por transplante renal

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Marcelo Bellini Dalio

2010-09-01

Full Text Available We present the case of aorto-iliac aneurysm in a patient with chronic renal failure requiring dialysis who were treated with an endovascular stent graft and, later on, submitted to kidney transplantation. A 53-year-old male with renal failure requiring dialysis presented with an asymptomatic abdominal aorto-iliac aneurysm measuring 5.0cm of diameter. He was treated with endovascular repair technique, being used an endoprosthesis Excluder®. After four months, he was successfully submitted to kidney transplantation (dead donor, with anastomosis of the graft renal artery in the external iliac artery distal to the endoprosthesis. The magnetic resonance imaging, carried out 30 days after the procedure, showed a good positioning of the endoprosthesis and adequate perfusion of the renal graft. In the follow-up, the patient presented improvement of nitrogenous waste, good positioning of the endoprosthesis without migration or endoleak. The endovascular repair of aorto-iliac aneurysm in a patient with end-stage renal failure under hemodialysis treatment showed to be feasible, safe and efficient, as it did not prevent the success of the posterior kidney transplantation.Apresentamos o caso de aneurisma aortoilíaco em um paciente com insuficiência renal crônica dialítica tratado com uma endoprótese vascular, sendo, após, submetido a transplante renal. Um homem de 53 anos com insuficiência renal dialítica apresentava um aneurisma abdominal aortoilíaco assintomático com 5,0cm de diâmetro. Foi tratado com técnica endovascular com uma endoprótese Excluderâ. Após quatro meses, foi submetido a transplante renal (doador cadáver com sucesso, com anastomose da artéria renal do enxerto na artéria ilíaca externa distal à endoprótese. A ressonância magnética 30 dias após o procedimento mostrou a endoprótese bem posicionada e o enxerto renal bem perfundido. No seguimento, o paciente evoluiu com melhora das escórias nitrogenadas, bom

Síndrome do coração partido (síndrome de Takotsubo Broken-heart syndrome (Takotsubo syndrome

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Alessandra Edna Teófilo Lemos

2008-01-01

Full Text Available A cardiopatia induzida por estresse (precipitada por estresse emocional, também chamada de balonamento apical transitório do ventrículo esquerdo, síndrome do coração partido e, no Japão, síndrome de takotsubo, é caracterizada pela presença de movimento discinético transitório da parede anterior do ventrículo esquerdo, com acentuação da cinética da base ventricular. O curso clínico da cardiomiopatia de takotsubo pode se assemelhar ao do infarto agudo do miocárdio, com dor torácica típica e alterações eletrocardiográficas, sendo a cineangiocoronariografia realizada para distinguir as duas condições na fase aguda.Stress-induced cardiomyopathy, also know as reversible left ventricular apical ballooning, " Broken-Heart" syndrome, and in Japan, Takotsubo, is characterized by the presence of a transient left ventricular dyskinetic movement of the anterior wall of with hypercontraction of the ventricular basilar segments precipitated by emotional stress. The clinical course of Takotsubo cardiomyopathy is similar to that of an acute myocardial infarct with typical chest pain and electrocardiographic changes, and during the acute phase, coronary angiography is used to distinguish between the two conditions.

Infarto del ventrículo derecho Right ventricular infarction

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Alberto Barón C

Full Text Available Por lo general, el infarto del ventrículo derecho se asocia con infarto de la pared inferior del ventrículo izquierdo. La enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica y la hipertrofia del ventrículo derecho, son factores que lo predisponen. Casi siempre ocurre como consecuencia de obstrucción proximal de la arteria coronaria derecha que conduce a disfunción sistólica y diastólica del ventrículo derecho. El volumen latido disminuye y el volumen diastólico y la presión de llenado del ventrículo derecho aumentan, con lo que se ocasiona hipotensión y congestión periférica. Se disminuyen el flujo sanguíneo pulmonar y el retorno venoso para el ventrículo izquierdo que puede llevar a estado de choque. Además, se pueden presentar complicaciones como bloqueo aurículo-ventricular, disfunción sinusal y aneurisma ventricular. El electrocardiograma muestra supradesnivel del ST en las derivaciones III, V1 a V3 y en V4R. El ecocardiograma muestra hipoquinesia o aquinesia de la pared libre del ventrículo derecho y hay dilatación de las cavidades derechas e insuficiencia tricúspide. El Doppler demuestra aumento en la duración de los intervalos de contracción y relajación isovolumétrica; el período eyectivo se acorta y el índice de desempeño miocárdico aumenta a valores anormales. El Doppler tisular es anormal por la disminución de la velocidad sistólica del anillo tricúspide. Una parte importante del tratamiento es optimizar el ritmo y la frecuencia cardiaca por lo que se debe evitar el uso de beta-bloqueadores; dependiendo de la severidad de la bradicardia se puede usar atropina, aminofilina o marcapasos transitorio, con la finalidad de asegurar una frecuencia adecuada. En caso de fibrilación auricular se pueden usar antiarrítmicos o cardioversión eléctrica. Se debe asegurar un adecuado volumen de llenado, para mantener la presión venosa central mayor de 15 mm Hg. El uso de vasodilatadores o diuréticos está contraindicado. Es

Falso Aneurisma Femoral Iatrogénico: Ainda uma indicação para a Cirurgia Convencional? Iatrogenic femoral pseudoaneurysm: still an indication for conventional surgery?

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Nelson Oliveira

2011-12-01

Full Text Available Introdução: Os Falsos Aneurismas (FA são uma das complicações mais frequentemente associadas à punção femoral diagnóstica e de intervenção cardíaca. A sua abordagem terapêutica tem evoluído no sentido da preponderância das técnicas não invasivas sendo a Cirurgia Convencional cada vez menos frequentemente praticada. Objectivos: Os autores propõem a propósito de um caso clínico, e através de uma revisão da literatura discutir a abordagem terapêutica dos FA e as indicações da Cirurgia Convencional. Caso clínico: Doente de sessenta e um anos, sexo masculino, com antecedentes de hipertensão arterial, doença coronária com enfarte agudo do miocárdio prévio, miocardiopatia dilatada, fibrilhação auricular paroxística sendo portador de cardiodesfibrilhador. Foi submetido a cateterismo cardíaco por via femoral direita para ablação do Feixe de His, tendo sido referenciado ao Serviço de Angiologia e Cirurgia Vascular por desenvolvimento progressivo de massa pulsátil dolorosa acompanhada de hipostesia da face anterior da coxa. A Angiodinografia confirmou a presença de falso aneurisma da artéria femoral profunda direita com 3cm de maior diâmetro e a presença de uma fístula entre a artéria e a veia femorais superficiais direitas. Por abordagem cirúrgica aberta, foi realizada a exclusão do falso aneurisma e rafia da artéria e veia femorais superficiais. Conclusão: A abordagem de primeira linha dos falsos aneurismas iatrogénicos pós cateterismo cardíaco é não invasiva mas a Cirurgia Convencional detém ainda um lugar primordial para um grupo restrito de doentes.Introduction: Pseudoaneurysms (PAN are one of the most common complications of cardiac catheterization. Treatment has evolved towards a less invasive approach, reducing the number of Open repairs. Objectives: The authors propose to discuss the contemporary management of PAN and the remaining indications for Conventional Surgical Repair based upon a case

Surgical ablation of ventricular tachycardia secondary to congenital ventricular septal aneurysm.

Science.gov (United States)

Graffigna, A; Minzioni, G; Ressia, L; Vigano, M

1994-04-01

Three patients underwent surgical ablation for ventricular tachycardia resulting from an aneurysm of the membranous portion of the ventricular septum. Two patients had a definite history of cardiac murmur during infancy, and one of them was found at the time of operation to have a left-to-right shunt through the apex of the aneurysm. The earliest ventricular activation sites were located around the neck of the aneurysm and were ablated in 1 patient by encircling the endocardial ventriculotomy and by cryoablation in the remaining 2. After focus resection had been completed, aneurysm resection and ventricular septal reconstruction were performed. All patients were alive and free of ventricular tachycardia and did not need medication as of 61, 66, and 88 months postoperatively. Spontaneous closure of a ventricular septal defect may lead to the formation of an aneurysm in the ventricular septum that may sustain ventricular tachycardias. Such arrhythmias can be effectively treated using electrically guided surgical techniques.

Reparación de los aneurismas rotos de la aorta abdominal utilizando oclusión intraluminal con balón y circuito de circulación extracorpórea

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Fernando Calleja

2009-09-01

Conclusiones: La oclusión intraaórtica con balón permite control rápido y seguro del cuello del aneurisma. La utilización de la circulación extracorpórea ayuda al restablecimiento rápido de la volemia, de la hemodinámica del paciente y a mantener un campo operatorio sin sangre evitando disecciones innecesarias. Consideramos una notable mejoría de la mortalidad.

Aneurisma infectado de artéria braquial após endocardite infecciosa de valva mitral Infected aneurysm of brachial artery after mitral valve infective endocarditis

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Heraldo Guedis Lobo Filho

2011-03-01

Full Text Available Apresentamos um caso de aneurisma infectado de artéria braquial em paciente com endocardite infecciosa por Streptococcus bovis. Homem de 49 anos de idade se apresentou com febre, dispnéia e sopro regurgitativo em foco mitral com irradiação para axila. O ecocardiograma demonstrou vegetação em valva mitral nativa. Após troca valvar mitral com implante de prótese biológica, observou-se massa pulsátil de cinco centímetros de diâmetro em fossa antecubital direita. Foi feito o diagnóstico de aneurisma infectado de artéria braquial, e o tratamento cirúrgico foi realizado com sucesso. O objetivo desse relato de caso é apresentar uma complicação pouco comum após endocardite infecciosa.We present a case of brachial artery infected aneurysm in a patient with infective endocarditis caused by Streptococcus bovis. A 49-year-old man presented with fever dyspnea and a pansystolic murmur with irradiation to axilla. The echocardiogram revealed vegetation in native mitral valve. After mitral valve replacement with bioprosthesis, it was observed pulsatile mass of five centimeters in diameter at antecubital fossa of right upper limb. It was made the diagnosis of infected aneurysm of the brachial artery, and the surgery was performed successfully. The aim of this case report is to show a rare complication after infective endocarditis.

Sincronia ventricular em portadores de miocardiopatia dilatada e indivíduos normais: avaliação através da ventriculografia radioisotópica Ventricular synchrony in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy and normal individuals: assessment by radionuclide ventriculography

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Simone Cristina S. Brandão

2007-05-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Estabelecer parâmetros de sincronia intra- e interventricular em indivíduos normais e compará-los aos de pacientes com miocardiopatia dilatada com e sem distúrbios de condução ao eletrocardiograma (ECG. MÉTODOS: Três grupos de pacientes foram incluídos no estudo: 18 indivíduos (G1 sem cardiopatia e com ECG normal (52+/-12 anos, 29% masculinos; 50 portadores de miocardiopatia dilatada e disfunção ventricular esquerda grave, sendo 20 pacientes (G2 com QRS 120 ms (57+/-12 anos, 60% masculinos. Todos foram submetidos à ventriculografia radioisotópica (VR. Para avaliar dissincronia intraventricular esquerda foi estudada a largura do histograma de fase e para avaliar dissincronia interventricular foi medida a diferença da média do ângulo de fase entre o ventrículo direito e o esquerdo (DifDE. RESULTADOS: As frações de ejeção do ventrículo esquerdo (FEVEs foram: 62±6% (G1, 27±6% (G2 e 22±7% (G3 e do VD foram: 46 ± 4% (G1, 38±9%(G2 e 37±9% (G3. A avaliação da largura do histograma de fase foi de: 89±18 ms (G1, 203±54 ms (G2 e 312±130 ms (G3, pOBJECTIVE: To establish the parameters of intra- and interventricular synchrony in normal individuals and to compare them with patients with dilated cardiomyopathy with and without conduction disorders shown in the electrocardiogram (ECG examination. METHODS: Three groups of patients were included in this study: 18 individuals (G1 with no cardiomyopathy and with a normal ECG (52±12 years, 29% male; 50 patients with dilated cardiomyopathy and severe left ventricular dysfunction, with 20 patients (G2 presenting QRS 120ms (57±12 years, 60% male. All patients underwent RV. Evaluation of left intraventricular dyssynchrony was carried out with the measurement of the phase histogram width and interventricular dyssynchrony was evaluated by the difference of the mean phase angle between the right and left ventricles (RLDif. RESULTS: Left ventricle ejection fractions (LVEFs were

Systolic left ventricular function according to left ventricular concentricity and dilatation in hypertensive patients

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Bang, Casper; Gerdts, Eva; Aurigemma, Gerard P

2013-01-01

Left ventricular hypertrophy [LVH, high left ventricular mass (LVM)] is traditionally classified as concentric or eccentric based on left ventricular relative wall thickness. We evaluated left ventricular systolic function in a new four-group LVH classification based on left ventricular dilatation...... [high left ventricular end-diastolic volume (EDV) index and concentricity (LVM/EDV)] in hypertensive patients....

Left ventricular function in patients with ventricular arrhythmias and aortic valve disease

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Santinga, J.T.; Kirsh, M.M.; Brady, T.J.; Thrall, J.; Pitt, B.

1983-01-01

Forty patients having aortic valve replacement were evaluated preoperatively for ventricular arrhythmia and left ventricular ejection fraction. Arrhythmias were classified as complex or simple using the Lown criteria on the 24-hour ambulatory electrocardiogram; ejection fractions were determined by radionuclide gated blood pool analysis and contrast angiography. The ejection fractions determined by radionuclide angiography were 59.1 +/- 13.1% for 26 patients with simple or no ventricular arrhythmias, and 43.9 +/- 20.3% for 14 patients with complex ventricular arrhythmias (p less than 0.01). Ejection fractions determined by angiography, available for 31 patients, were also lower in patients with complex ventricular arrhythmias (61.1 +/- 16.3% versus 51.4 +/- 13.4%; p less than 0.05). Seven of 9 patients showing conduction abnormalities on the electrocardiogram had complex ventricular arrhythmias. Eight of 20 patients with aortic stenosis had complex ventricular arrhythmias, while 2 of 13 patients with aortic insufficiency had such arrhythmias. It is concluded that decreased left ventricular ejection fraction, intraventricular conduction abnormalities, and aortic stenosis are associated with an increased frequency of complex ventricular arrhythmias in patients with aortic valve disease

Rest and exercise ventricular function in adults with congenital ventricular septal defects

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Jablonsky, G.; Hilton, J.D.; Liu, P.P.; Morch, J.E.; Druck, M.N.; Bar-Shlomo, B.Z.; McLaughlin, P.R.

1983-01-01

Rest and exercise right and left ventricular function were compared using equilibrium gated radionuclide angiography in 19 normal sedentary control subjects and 34 patients with hemodynamically documented congenital ventricular septal defect (VSD). Gated radionuclide angiography was performed at rest and during each level of graded supine bicycle exercise to fatigue. Heart rate, blood pressure, maximal work load achieved, and right and left ventricular ejection fractions were assessed. The control subjects demonstrated an increase in both the left and right ventricular ejection fractions with exercise. All study groups failed to demonstrate an increase in ejection fraction in either ventricle with exercise. Furthermore, resting left ventricular ejection fraction in Groups 2 and 3 was lower than that in the control subjects and resting right ventricular ejection fraction was lower in Group 3 versus control subjects. Thus left and right ventricular function on exercise were abnormal in patients with residual VSD as compared with control subjects; rest and exercise left ventricular ejection fractions remained abnormal despite surgical closure of VSD in the remote past; resting left and right ventricular function was abnormal in patients with Eisenmenger's complex; lifelong volume overload may be detrimental to myocardial function

Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy in an Endurance Athlete Presenting with Ventricular Tachycardia and Normal Right Ventricular Function.

Science.gov (United States)

Hedley, Jeffrey S; Al Mheid, Ibhar; Alikhani, Zoubin; Pernetz, Maria A; Kim, Jonathan H

2017-08-01

Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy, a genetically inherited disease that results in fibrofatty replacement of normal cardiac myocytes, has been associated with sudden cardiac death in athletes. Long-term participation in endurance exercise hastens the development of both the arrhythmic and structural arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy phenotypes. We describe the unusual case of a 34-year-old, symptomatic, female endurance athlete who had arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy in the presence of a structurally normal right ventricle. Clinicians should be aware of this infrequent presentation when evaluating athletic patients who have ventricular arrhythmias and normal findings on cardiac imaging studies.

Prophylactic implantable defibrillator in patients with arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy/dysplasia and no prior ventricular fibrillation or sustained ventricular tachycardia.

LENUS (Irish Health Repository)

Corrado, Domenico

2010-09-21

The role of implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) in patients with arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy\\/dysplasia and no prior ventricular fibrillation (VF) or sustained ventricular tachycardia is an unsolved issue.

Estudo comparativo das estimulações ventricular direita e biventricular no pós-operatório de revascularização miocárdica

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ALBUQUERQUE Luciano C.

2002-01-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Nos anos recentes, a ressincronização ventricular tem sido proposta como adjuvante no tratamento da insuficiência cardíaca congestiva. O objetivo deste estudo é comparar as alterações eletrocardiográficas e o efeito hemodinâmico imediato das estimulações ventricular direita (EVD e biventricular (EBV, no pós-operatório de operação de revascularização miocárdica (CRM com circulação extracorpórea (CEC. CASUÍSTICA E MÉTODOS: Em um ensaio clínico cruzado, 13 pacientes com doença coronária multiarterial, e fração de ejeção inferior a 50%, foram submetidos a estimulação epicárdica temporária univentricular direita e biventricular, no 5° dia de pós-operatório. As variáveis analisadas foram duração do complexo QRS, dimensões do átrio esquerdo (AE e ventrículo esquerdo (VE, fração de encurtamento do VE (delta D e fração de ejeção do VE. Os grupos foram comparados através do teste de t de Student para amostras pareadas, considerando-se nível de significância de 0,05. RESULTADOS: A duração média do complexo QRS foi de 185±26 ms durante a EVD, e de 126±37 ms com a EBV (p<0,001. O diâmetro médio do AE com a EVD foi de 40±4 mm, e de 35±4 mm na EBV (p<0,001. As médias dos diâmetros diastólico e sistólico finais do VE foram, respectivamente, de 49±13 mm e 59±11 mm com a EVD, e de 42±12 mm e 52±10 mm durante a EBV (p<0,001. A delta D média do VE determinada pela EVD foi de 18±7%, e de 22±8% com a EBV (p=0,017. A fração de ejeção média do VE com a EVD foi de 33±14%, e de 46±17% durante a EBV (p<0,001. CONCLUSÃO: No modelo estudado, a estimulação biventricular temporária determinou melhora significativa do desempenho hemodinâmico, em comparação à estimulação ventricular direita, e um complexo QRS com duração próxima à fisiológica.

Metaloproteinases 2 e 9 são preditoras de remodelação ventricular esquerda após o infarto do miocárdio

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Ana Lucia Cogni

2013-04-01

Full Text Available FUNDAMENTO: O papel de metaloproteinases (MMP séricas após o infarto do miocárdio (IM é desconhecido. OBJETIVO: O objetivo deste estudo foi o de avaliar o papel das MMP-2 e -9 séricas como marcadores prognósticos da remodelação ventricular seis meses após o IM anterior. MÉTODOS: Fizemos um registro prospectivo dos pacientes após o seu primeiro IM anterior. A atividade de MMP foi analisada entre 12 a 72 horas após o IM. Foi feito um ecocardiograma durante a internação e seis meses depois. RESULTADOS: Incluímos 29 pacientes; 62% mostraram remodelação ventricular. Os pacientes que mostraram remodelação tinham maior tamanho de infarto baseado nos valores pico da creatinofosfoquinase (CPK (p = 0,037, alta prevalência de insuficiência cardíaca congestiva em hospitais (p = 0,004, e redução da fração de ejeção (FE (p = 0,007. Os pacientes com remodelação ventricular tiveram menores níveis séricos de MMP-9 inativa (p = 0,007 e maiores níveis da forma ativa da MMP-2 (p = 0,011. Em um modelo de regressão logística multivariada, ajustado pela idade, pico de CPK, FE e prevalência de insuficiência cardíaca, os níveis séricos da MMP-2 e -9 estavam associados à remodelação (p = 0,033 e 0,044, respectivamente. CONCLUSÃO: Níveis séricos mais elevados da MMP-9 inativa foram associados com a preservação dos volumes ventriculares esquerdos, e níveis séricos mais elevados da forma ativa da MMP-2 foram um preditor da remodelação seis meses após o IM.

Derivação com veias de membro superior após trombólise de aneurisma de artéria poplítea: alternativa para salvamento de membro Arm vein bypass after popliteal artery aneurysm thrombolysis: an alternative for limb salvage

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João Antonio Corrêa

2007-06-01

Full Text Available Os autores relatam um caso de aneurisma de artéria poplítea trombosado em que se realizou fibrinólise com sucesso na fase aguda. Foram utilizadas veias de braço para realização do enxerto e exclusão do aneurisma, pois o paciente havia sido previamente submetido à safenectomia bilateral e revascularização do miocárdio com as veias do outro braço. Apesar das dificuldades, o salvamento do membro foi alcançado.The authors report a case of a thrombosed popliteal artery aneurysm successfully treated by fibrinolysis in its acute stage. Arm veins were used to perform a bypass and aneurysm exclusion, since the patient had previously been submitted to bilateral saphenous vein stripping and myocardial revascularization using the veins of the other arm. Despite the difficulties, limb salvage was achieved.

Índice tornozelo-braquial e hipertrofia ventricular na hipertensão arterial

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Pedro Ferreira de Albuquerque

2012-01-01

Full Text Available O Índice Tornozelo-Braquial (ITB é marcador de doença arterial obstrutiva periférica. Raros relatos correlacionam esse índice com hipertrofia ventricular esquerda (HVE, capacidade funcional (CF e escore de risco coronariano de Framingham (ERCF. O objetivo do trabalho foi verificar a correlação entre ITB, HVE, CF e ERCF em homens com hipertensão arterial (HA. Estudo prospectivo e transversal de pacientes do sexo masculino (n = 40, com idade média de 57,92 ± 7,61 anos, sem complicações cardiovasculares. Essa população foi submetida às medidas de ITB, ecocardiograma (ECO, teste ergométrico (TE e exames laboratoriais. O ITB (direito e esquerdo foi considerado anormal quando a relação entre a maior média das pressões sistólicas dos tornozelos e dos braços foi inferior ou igual a 0,9 ou superior a 1,3 mmHg. A HVE foi identificada pelo ECO transtorácico; e a CF, pelo TE. Amostras sanguíneas periféricas foram colhidas para o cálculo do ERCF. Valores normais de ITB foram encontrados em 33 pacientes (82,5%, os quais foram incluídos no Grupo I; sete pacientes (17,5% com ITB anormal constituíram o Grupo II. Os índices de massa do índice de massa do ventrículo esquerdo (IMVE ao ECO foram de 111,18 ± 34,34 g/m² (Grupo I e de 150,29 ± 34,06 g/m2 (Grupo II (p = 0,009. A prevalência de HVE foi de 4% (Grupo I e de 35,3% (Grupo II (p = 0,01, constatando-se diferenças significativas entre os grupos. Quanto à CF no TE, não se registrou diferença entre os grupos. Em relação ao ERCF, a média do Grupo I foi inferior à média do Grupo II: 13,18 ± 2,11 versus 15,28±1,79 (p = 0,019. Em HA, a presença de HVE definida pelo IMVE esteve mais presente nos casos com ITB anormal, identificando maior risco cardiovascular.

Influência do sistema renina angiotensina na redução da hipertrofia de ventrículo esquerdo em indivíduos hiperreatores

OpenAIRE

Antonio Carlos Avanza Junior

2005-01-01

Introdução: Hipertrofia de ventrículo esquerdo (HVE) detectada pelo ecocardiograma é um preditor independente de morbidade e mortalidade em indivíduos hipertensos e na população em geral. Na população adulta existe uma modesta correlação entre a medida casual da pressão arterial (PA) e HVE . A HVE pode preceder a hipertensão arterial (HA) sustentada. Existem trabalhos que demonstram que indivíduos normotensos e com resposta exagerada da PA ao esforço tem alta probabilidade de desenvolvimento ...

Stress induced right ventricular dysfunction: An indication of reversible right ventricular ischaemia

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Underwood, S.R.; Walton, S.; Emanuel, R.W.; Swanton, R.H.; Campos Costa, D.; Laming, P.J.; Ell, P.J.

1987-01-01

Stress induced changes in left ventricular ejection fraction are widely used in the detection and assessment of coronary artery disease. This study demonstrates that right ventricular dysfunction may also occur, and assesses its significance in terms of coronary artery anatomy. This study involved 14 normal subjects and 26 with coronary artery disease investigated by equilibrium radionuclide ventriculography, at rest and during maximal dynamic exercise. Mean normal resting right ventricular ejection fraction (RVEF) was 0.40 (SD 0.118), and all normal subjects increased RVEF with stress (mean ΔRVEF+0.13 SD 0.099). Mean ΔRVEF in the subjects with coronary artery disease was significantly lower at 0.00 (SD 0.080), but there was overlap between the two groups. The largest falls in RVEF were seen if the right coronary artery was occluded without retrograde filling. In this subgroup with the most severely compromised right ventricular perfusion (nine subjects), RVEF always fell with stress, and mean ΔRVEF was -0.08 (SD 0.050). There was no significant correlation between ΔLVEF and ΔRVEF, implying that the right ventricular dysfunction was due to right ventricular ischaemia, rather than secondary to left ventricular dysfunction. Stress induced right ventricular ischaemia can therefore be detected readily by radionuclide ventriculography. (orig.)

Nova técnica: translocação aórtica e pulmonar com preservação da valva pulmonar New technique: aortic and pulmonary translocation with preservation of pulmonary valve

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Gláucio Furlanetto

2010-03-01

Full Text Available Realizamos com sucesso novo procedimento cirúrgico, em duas crianças portadoras de transposição das grandes artérias associada a comunicação interventricular e obstrução da via de saída do ventrículo esquerdo. A cirurgia consiste na realização de translocação aórtica com a valva aórtica e as artérias coronárias para o ventrículo esquerdo, após a ampliação da via de saída desse ventrículo e da comunicação interventricular com pericárdio autólogo fixado em glutaraldeído, associada à translocação do tronco pulmonar para o ventrículo direito, conservando integralmente a valva pulmonar.We applied successfully, a new surgical technique, in two children with transposition of the great arteries with ventricular septal defect and left ventricular outflow tract obstruction, that utilized aortic translocation with the aortic valve and the coronary arteries to the left ventricle, after correction of left outflow tract obstruction and correction of the ventricular septal defect, associated to pulmonary root translocation to the right ventricle, conserving integrally the pulmonary valve.

Systolic ventricular filling.

Science.gov (United States)

Torrent-Guasp, Francisco; Kocica, Mladen J; Corno, Antonio; Komeda, Masashi; Cox, James; Flotats, A; Ballester-Rodes, Manel; Carreras-Costa, Francesc

2004-03-01

The evidence of the ventricular myocardial band (VMB) has revealed unavoidable coherence and mutual coupling of form and function in the ventricular myocardium, making it possible to understand the principles governing electrical, mechanical and energetical events within the human heart. From the earliest Erasistratus' observations, principal mechanisms responsible for the ventricular filling have still remained obscured. Contemporary experimental and clinical investigations unequivocally support the attitude that only powerful suction force, developed by the normal ventricles, would be able to produce an efficient filling of the ventricular cavities. The true origin and the precise time frame for generating such force are still controversial. Elastic recoil and muscular contraction were the most commonly mentioned, but yet, still not clearly explained mechanisms involved in the ventricular suction. Classical concepts about timing of successive mechanical events during the cardiac cycle, also do not offer understandable insight into the mechanism of the ventricular filling. The net result is the current state of insufficient knowledge of systolic and particularly diastolic function of normal and diseased heart. Here we summarize experimental evidence and theoretical backgrounds, which could be useful in understanding the phenomenon of the ventricular filling. Anatomy of the VMB, and recent proofs for its segmental electrical and mechanical activation, undoubtedly indicates that ventricular filling is the consequence of an active muscular contraction. Contraction of the ascendent segment of the VMB, with simultaneous shortening and rectifying of its fibers, produces the paradoxical increase of the ventricular volume and lengthening of its long axis. Specific spatial arrangement of the ascendent segment fibers, their interaction with adjacent descendent segment fibers, elastic elements and intra-cavitary blood volume (hemoskeleton), explain the physical principles

Tratamento cirúrgico em dois tempos do aneurisma toracoabdominal roto com prótese intraluminal sem sutura

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Rodrigo de Castro BERNARDES

1998-10-01

Full Text Available O tratamento cirúrgico dos aneurismas toracoabominais exige toracofreno laparotomia, períodos prolongados de pinçamento aórtico com isquemia visceral, sangramento abundante de difícil controle, complicações pulmonares, renais, neurológicas e distúrbios de coagulação com morbimortalidade muitas vezes proibitiva para pacientes de idade avançada, ou portadores de distúrbios respiratórios, renais ou cardíacos prévios. A rotura aumenta em muito a já elevada taxa de morbimortalidade. Crawford (1-3 e Borst (4 descreveram operação em dois tempos para tratamento de aneurisma que atinge mais de um segmento da aorta, com bons resultados. O objetivo de nosso trabalho é mostrar a técnica cirúrgica em dois tempos, empregando prótese intraluminal sem sutura (5, 6. Esta técnica nos proporciona uma operação menos agressiva por abordar somente o segmento roto da aorta, portanto apenas uma cavidade é manipulada (tórax ou abdome. A anastomose com prótese intraluminal reduz em muito o tempo de pinçamento da aorta e, conseqüentemente, a isquemia visceral, diminuindo, também, o sangramento. A redução da agressividade cirúrgica sobre estes pacientes já gravemente enfermos nos proporcionou bons resultados cirúrgicos.The surgical management of thoracoabdominal aneurysms requires thoracophrenic laparotomy, prolonged periods of aortic clamping with visceral ischemia, profuse bleeding leading to a difficult postoperative course with pulmonary, renal, neurological complications, coagulation disturbances and others. All this resulting in an elevated morbidity/mortality very often contraindicating it for the very elderly or those with prior respiratory, renal or cardiac symptoms. Rupture of this aneurysm greatly increases the already high rate of morbidity/mortality. Crawford and Borst have described a two-stage surgery with good results, for aneurysms that affect more than one segment of aorta. The objective of our report is to demonstrate

Avaliação do fluxo de saída do ventrículo esquerdo em gatos anestesiados submetidos ao pneumoperitônio e à posição deTrendelenburg

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M.L. Magalhães

Full Text Available RESUMO Objetivou-se avaliar os efeitos do pneumoperitônio e da posição de Trendelenburg sobre o fluxo de saída do ventrículo esquerdo em gatos anestesiados. Quatorze gatos foram alocados aleatoriamente em dois grupos, ambos submetidos ao pneumoperitônio com 10mmHg de dióxido de carbono (CO2. No grupo controle (GC n=7, os animais foram submetidos apenas ao pneumoperitônio e, no grupo Trendelenburg (GTREN n=7, os animais foram colocados em cefalodeclive 20° após o pneumoperitônio. A indução anestésica foi realizada com isoflurano, utilizando-se caixa de indução. Posteriormente, os animais foram mantidos sob anestesia inalatória com o mesmo fármaco. Foram avaliados a velocidade do fluxo de saída do ventrículo esquerdo (VFSVE, os gradientes máximo (GmáxSVE e médio (GmédSVE de pressão e a integral velocidade-tempo (IVT. Os parâmetros foram mensurados nos momentos T0 (basal, antes da insuflação; T5 (cinco, T15 (quinze e T30 (trinta minutos após a insuflação. Os resultados mostraram um aumento da VFSVE no GC, em T15 e T30 (P=0,024, e um aumento do GmáxSVE no GC, em T30 (P=0,045. As variáveis não se alteraram significativamente em nenhum momento no GTREN. Dessa forma, conclui-se que a posição de Trendelenburg favoreceu o sistema cardiovascular, preservando os índices de fluxo sanguíneo na saída do ventrículo esquerdo.

Tratamento endovascular de aneurisma da artéria renal por embolização com micromolas preservando o fluxo sangüíneo renal: relato de caso Endovascular treatment of renal artery aneurysm using microcoil embolization and renal blood flow preservation: case report

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Marco Aurélio Cardozo

2007-06-01

Full Text Available O tratamento endovascular da doença aneurismática da artéria renal tem sido, cada vez mais, aceito como uma alternativa à cirurgia convencional, especialmente em casos de aneurismas complexos intra-parenquimatosos ou que comprometam a bifurcação da artéria renal. Os autores relatam a experiência do tratamento endovascular de uma paciente com aneurisma sacular da bifurcação da artéria renal direita, associado à hipertensão renovascular de difícil controle. Foi realizada a cateterização seletiva da artéria renal, com a inserção de micromolas no saco aneurismático. O aneurisma foi completamente ocluído com preservação total do fluxo sanguíneo renal. A evolução clínica foi satisfatória com redução significativa das medicações anti-hipertensivas. A angio-tomografia de controle, após o oitavo mês do procedimento, confirmou o sucesso do tratamento.Endovascular treatment of renal artery aneurysmal disease has been increasingly accepted as an alternative to conventional surgery, especially in cases of renal artery bifurcation or complex intrarenal aneurysms. The authors report a case of endovascular treatment of a saccular aneurysm of the right renal artery bifurcation associated with poorly controlled renovascular hypertension. Selective catheterization of the renal artery was performed and microcoils were inserted into the aneurysmal sac. The aneurysm was completely obliterated with total preservation of renal blood flow. Clinical evolution was satisfactory with significant reduction in anti-hypertensive drugs. Control tomographic angiography, after eight months, confirmed treatment success.

Aneurisma gigante do segmento intracavernoso da carótida interna associado a doença renal policística autossômica dominante: relato de caso Giant aneurysm of the intracavernous internal carotid artery associated with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease: case report

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Keven F. Ponte

2006-09-01

Full Text Available Apresenta-se o caso de mulher de 60 anos com doença renal policística autossômica dominante (DRPAD que desenvolveu quadro de cefaléia e oftalmoplegia completa à direita. A TC levantou a hipótese de um aneurisma gigante do segmento intracavernoso da carótida interna direita, o que foi confirmado pela arteriografia. Realizou-se, então, tratamento endovascular por oclusão do vaso parental com molas destacáveis no segmento supraclinóideo. A paciente evoluiu com a interrupção da cefaléia e com redução parcial da ptose e da oftalmoplegia. Neste artigo, enfatiza-se a relação entre DRPAD e aneurismas intracranianos. Comenta-se a história natural dos aneurismas originados no segmento intracavernoso da artéria carótida interna e comparam-se as opções terapêuticas no manejo destas lesões.We report the case of a 60 years-old woman with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD that presented with headache and right complete ophthalmoplegia. The CT scan raised the possibility of a giant aneurysm of the right intracavernous internal carotid artery, confirmed by angiography. The patient underwent endovascular occlusion of parent vessel with detachable coils, then she presented interruption of headache and partial recovery of ptosis and ophthalmoplegia. We emphasize the relationship between ADPKD and intracranial aneurysms. We also discuss the natural history and compare the therapeutic options for the management of giant aneurysms of the cavernous portion of the carotid artery.

Afasia produzida por lesão paramediana do hemisferio dominante: registro de um caso

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Francisco Otaviano Lima Perpetuo

1980-12-01

Full Text Available Uma paciente com evidência de ruptura de aneurisma da artéria pericalosa esquerda e formação de hematoma envolvendo a fissura interhemisférica e região paramediana do hemisfério esquerdo apresentou inicialmente quadro de mutismo que evoluiu para afasia caracterizada por ausência de fala espontânea, relativa preservação da capacidade de repetição e evidente preservação da compreensão. O quadro corresponde à chamada "afasia motora trans-cortical". A paciente apresentou acentuada melhora, em curto espaço de tempo, após a drenagem do hematoma. A possibilidade de que lesão da região paramediana do hemisfério cerebral dominante possa provocar afasia é pouco conhecida e muitos casos são provavelmente mal diagnosticados, devido à transitoriedade dos principais sintomas e à confusão com demência não específica.

Aneurismas del complejo arteria cerebral anterior / arteria comunicante anterior: Resultados del tratamiento quirúrgico Aneurysms of the anterior cerebral artery-anterior communicating artery complex: Results of the surgical treatment

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Justo L González González

2006-03-01

Full Text Available Los aneurismas del complejo arteria cerebral anterior-arteria comunicante anterior figuran entre los más frecuentes de localización intracraneal y, debido a su variabilidad anatómica y características hemodinámicas, constituyen un reto especial para cualquier esfuerzo terapéutico. Con el objetivo de caracterizarlos y evaluar los resultados del tratamiento quirúrgico de estas lesiones, se estudian los pacientes operados en el Servicio de Neurocirugía del Hospital Clinicoquirúrgico «Hermanos Ameijeiras», entre enero de 1983 y agosto de 1998. Se observó que el 71,1 % de la muestra egresó en excelente estado; el 13,44 %, con secuelas mínimas; el 3,48 %, con secuelas graves y que la mortalidad fue del 11,53 %. Se concluye que estos aneurismas son más frecuentes en el sexo masculino, en la cuarta y quinta décadas de la vida (media de 39,9 años y que el tamaño crítico de ruptura se ubica mayoritariamente entre 6 mm y 11 mm. De igual forma se observó que la edad, el tamaño sacular, el vasoespasmo y la ruptura transoperatoria influyen sobre los resultados y que la influencia de estas dos últimas complicaciones es muy fuerte. El infarto cerebral isquémico fue la causa de muerte más frecuente

Aneurismas del arco aórtico. Generalidades: epidemiología, manifestaciones clínicas y diagnóstico. Indicaciones de cirugía. Cirugía abierta

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Eduardo Bernabeu

2015-09-01

Full Text Available El arco aórtico es un segmento fundamental de la aorta. Se describe la enfermedad quirúrgica que afecta al mismo, así como la epidemiología y la historia natural de los aneurismas torácicos, que son la condición que más frecuentemente lo afectan. Se revisan las manifestaciones clínicas de estos y las técnicas empleadas para su diagnóstico. Finalmente, se expone una panorámica de las indicaciones quirúrgicas y las técnicas de cirugía abierta empleadas.

Relationship between Fibrosis and Ventricular Arrhythmias in Chagas Heart Disease Without Ventricular Dysfunction

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Tassi, Eduardo Marinho, E-mail: etassi@ibest.com.br [Instituto de Cardiologia Edson Saad - Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ (Brazil); Continentino, Marcelo Abramoff [Hospital Frei Galvão, Guaratinguetá, SP (Brazil); Nascimento, Emília Matos do; Pereira, Basílio de Bragança [Instituto de Cardiologia Edson Saad - Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ (Brazil); Coppe - Instituto Alberto Luiz Coimbra de Pós-Graduação e Pesquisa de Engenharia - UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ (Brazil); Pedrosa, Roberto Coury [Instituto de Cardiologia Edson Saad - Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ (Brazil)

2014-05-15

Patients with Chagas disease and segmental wall motion abnormality (SWMA) have worse prognosis independent of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) is currently the best method to detect SWMA and to assess fibrosis. To quantify fibrosis by using late gadolinium enhancement CMR in patients with Chagas disease and preserved or minimally impaired ventricular function (> 45%), and to detect patterns of dependence between fibrosis, SWMA and LVEF in the presence of ventricular arrhythmia. Electrocardiogram, treadmill exercise test, Holter and CMR were carried out in 61 patients, who were divided into three groups as follows: (1) normal electrocardiogram and CMR without SWMA; (2) abnormal electrocardiogram and CMR without SWMA; (3) CMR with SWMA independently of electrocardiogram. The number of patients with ventricular arrhythmia in relation to the total of patients, the percentage of fibrosis, and the LVEF were, respectively: Group 1, 4/26, 0.74% and 74.34%; Group 2, 4/16, 3.96% and 68.5%; and Group 3, 11/19, 14.07% and 55.59%. Ventricular arrhythmia was found in 31.1% of the patients. Those with and without ventricular arrhythmia had mean LVEF of 59.87% and 70.18%, respectively, and fibrosis percentage of 11.03% and 3.01%, respectively. Of the variables SWMA, groups, age, LVEF and fibrosis, only the latter was significant for the presence of ventricular arrhythmia, with a cutoff point of 11.78% for fibrosis mass (p < 0.001). Even in patients with Chagas disease and preserved or minimally impaired ventricular function, electrical instability can be present. Regarding the presence of ventricular arrhythmia, fibrosis is the most important variable, its amount being proportional to the complexity of the groups.

Relationship between Fibrosis and Ventricular Arrhythmias in Chagas Heart Disease Without Ventricular Dysfunction

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Tassi, Eduardo Marinho; Continentino, Marcelo Abramoff; Nascimento, Emília Matos do; Pereira, Basílio de Bragança; Pedrosa, Roberto Coury

2014-01-01

Patients with Chagas disease and segmental wall motion abnormality (SWMA) have worse prognosis independent of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) is currently the best method to detect SWMA and to assess fibrosis. To quantify fibrosis by using late gadolinium enhancement CMR in patients with Chagas disease and preserved or minimally impaired ventricular function (> 45%), and to detect patterns of dependence between fibrosis, SWMA and LVEF in the presence of ventricular arrhythmia. Electrocardiogram, treadmill exercise test, Holter and CMR were carried out in 61 patients, who were divided into three groups as follows: (1) normal electrocardiogram and CMR without SWMA; (2) abnormal electrocardiogram and CMR without SWMA; (3) CMR with SWMA independently of electrocardiogram. The number of patients with ventricular arrhythmia in relation to the total of patients, the percentage of fibrosis, and the LVEF were, respectively: Group 1, 4/26, 0.74% and 74.34%; Group 2, 4/16, 3.96% and 68.5%; and Group 3, 11/19, 14.07% and 55.59%. Ventricular arrhythmia was found in 31.1% of the patients. Those with and without ventricular arrhythmia had mean LVEF of 59.87% and 70.18%, respectively, and fibrosis percentage of 11.03% and 3.01%, respectively. Of the variables SWMA, groups, age, LVEF and fibrosis, only the latter was significant for the presence of ventricular arrhythmia, with a cutoff point of 11.78% for fibrosis mass (p < 0.001). Even in patients with Chagas disease and preserved or minimally impaired ventricular function, electrical instability can be present. Regarding the presence of ventricular arrhythmia, fibrosis is the most important variable, its amount being proportional to the complexity of the groups

Funções autonômica cardíaca e mecânica ventricular na cardiopatia chagásica crônica assintomática Cardiac autonomic and ventricular mechanical functions in asymptomatic chronic chagasic cardiomyopathy

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Daniel França Vasconcelos

2012-02-01

Full Text Available FUNDAMENTO: A associação das funções autonômica cardíaca e ventricular sisto-diastólica variavelmente alteradas ainda é controversa e pouco explorada na cardiopatia chagásica crônica. OBJETIVO: Avaliar em que extensão as funções autonômica cardíaca e mecânica ventricular estão alteradas e se ambas estão relacionadas na cardiopatia chagásica assintomática. MÉTODOS: EM 13 cardiopatas chagásicos assintomáticos e 15 indivíduos normais (grupo controle, foram avaliadas e correlacionadas a modulação autonômica da variabilidade da frequência cardíaca durante cinco minutos, nos domínios temporal e espectral, nas posições supina e ortostática, e a função ventricular com base em variáveis morfofuncionais Doppler ecocardiográficas. A análise estatística empregou o teste de Mann-Whitney e a correlação de Spearman. RESULTADOS: Em ambas as posições, os índices temporais (p = 0,0004-0,01 e as áreas espectrais total (p = 0,0007-0,005 e absoluta, de baixa e alta frequências (p = 0,0001-0,002, mostraram-se menores no grupo chagásico. O balanço vagossimpático mostrou-se semelhante em ambas as posturas (p = 0,43-0,89. As variáveis ecocardiográficas não diferiram entre os grupos (p = 0,13-0,82, exceto o diâmetro sistólico final do ventrículo esquerdo que se mostrou maior (p = 0,04, correlacionando-se diretamente com os reduzidos índices da modulação autonômica global (p = 0,01-0,04 e parassimpática (p = 0,002-0,01, nos pacientes chagásicos, em posição ortostática. CONCLUSÃO: AS DEpressões simpática e parassimpática com balanço preservado associaram-se apenas a um indicador de disfunção ventricular. Isso sugere que a disfunção autonômica cardíaca pode preceder e ser independentemente mais severa que a disfunção ventricular, não havendo associação causal entre ambos os distúrbios na cardiopatia chagásica crônica.BACKGROUND: The association of variably altered cardiac autonomic and

Amiodarone for the treatment and prevention of ventricular fibrillation and ventricular tachycardia

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Hugo Van Herendael

2010-06-01

Full Text Available Hugo Van Herendael, Paul DorianDivision of Cardiology, St. Michael’s Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, CanadaAbstract: Amiodarone has emerged as the leading antiarrhythmic therapy for termination and prevention of ventricular arrhythmia in different clinical settings because of its proven efficacy and safety. In patients with shock refractory out-of-hospital cardiac arrest and hemodynamically destabilizing ventricular arrhythmia, amiodarone is the most effective drug available to assist in resuscitation. Although the superiority of the transvenous implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD over amiodarone has been well established in the preventive treatment of patients at high risk of life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias, amiodarone (if used with a beta-blocker is the most effective antiarrhythmic drug to prevent ICD shocks and treat electrical storm. Both the pharmacokinetics and the electrophysiologic profile of amiodarone are complex, and its optimal and safe use requires careful patient surveillance with respect to potential adverse effects.Keywords: amiodarone, ventricular fibrillation, unstable ventricular tachycardia

The overloaded right heart and ventricular interdependence.

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Naeije, Robert; Badagliacca, Roberto

2017-10-01

The right and the left ventricle are interdependent as both structures are nested within the pericardium, have the septum in common and are encircled with common myocardial fibres. Therefore, right ventricular volume or pressure overloading affects left ventricular function, and this in turn may affect the right ventricle. In normal subjects at rest, right ventricular function has negligible interaction with left ventricular function. However, the right ventricle contributes significantly to the normal cardiac output response to exercise. In patients with right ventricular volume overload without pulmonary hypertension, left ventricular diastolic compliance is decreased and ejection fraction depressed but without intrinsic alteration in contractility. In patients with right ventricular pressure overload, left ventricular compliance is decreased with initial preservation of left ventricular ejection fraction, but with eventual left ventricular atrophic remodelling and altered systolic function. Breathing affects ventricular interdependence, in healthy subjects during exercise and in patients with lung diseases and altered respiratory system mechanics. Inspiration increases right ventricular volumes and decreases left ventricular volumes. Expiration decreases both right and left ventricular volumes. The presence of an intact pericardium enhances ventricular diastolic interdependence but has negligible effect on ventricular systolic interdependence. On the other hand, systolic interdependence is enhanced by a stiff right ventricular free wall, and decreased by a stiff septum. Recent imaging studies have shown that both diastolic and systolic ventricular interactions are negatively affected by right ventricular regional inhomogeneity and prolongation of contraction, which occur along with an increase in pulmonary artery pressure. The clinical relevance of these observations is being explored. Published on behalf of the European Society of Cardiology. All rights

Tratamento de aneurisma da artéria renal por embolização e técnica de remodelamento de colo: relato de caso Endovascular treatment of renal artery utilizing embolization and aneurism neck remodeling technique: case report

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Luis Carlos Mendes de Brito

2011-06-01

Full Text Available O tratamento endovascular dos aneurismas de artéria renal tem sido descrito como alternativa à cirurgia convencional. Relatamos o caso de uma paciente com um aneurisma de artéria renal complexo à direita que apresentava hipertensão arterial de difícil controle. O tratamento endovascular foi realizado com a técnica de remodelagem de colo (técnica de Moret, ou técnica de embolização assistida por balão. A paciente obteve normalização da pressão arterial após o procedimento sem recidiva dos sintomas ou necessidade do uso de drogas anti-hipertensivas.Endovascular treatment of renal artery aneurysms has been described as an alternative to conventional surgery. We report the case of a patient with complex renal artery aneurysm on the right kidney who had hard-to-control arterial hypertension. Endovascular treatment was performed with the aneurysm neck remodeling technique (Moret technique, or balloon-assisted coil embolization. The patient achieved blood pressure normalization after the procedure without recurrence of symptoms or need for antihypertensive drugs.

Surgery for ventricular tachycardia in patients undergoing surgical ventricular restoration: the Karolinska approach.

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Sartipy, Ulrik; Albåge, Anders; Insulander, Per; Lindblom, Dan

2007-09-01

This article presents a review on the efficacy of surgical ventricular restoration and direct surgery for ventricular tachycardia in patients with left ventricular aneurysm or dilated ischemic cardiomyopathy. The procedure includes a non-electrophysiologically guided subtotal endocardiectomy and cryoablation in addition to endoventricular patch plasty of the left ventricle. Coronary artery bypass surgery and mitral valve repair are performed concomitantly as needed. In our experience, this procedure yielded a 90% success rate in terms of freedom from spontaneous ventricular tachycardia, with an early mortality rate of 3.8%. A practical guide to the pre- and postoperative management of these patients is provided.

Aneurisma de aorta com ruptura para esôfago Aortic aneurysm rupture into the esophagus

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Christiano da Silveira de Barcellos

2008-12-01

Full Text Available Apresentamos o caso de uma paciente portadora de aneurisma de aorta descendente com ruptura para o esôfago que, após aortoplastia com interposição de tubo de dacron e rafia da laceração esofágica, evoluiu com fístula esôfago pleural no terceiro dia pós-operatório. A paciente necessitou de reintervenção e cuidados intensivos, reabilitando-se adequadamente. A propósito deste caso incomum e do aprendizado adquirido no seu manejo, revisamos a literatura a fim de discutir a melhor alternativa de correção desta rara e, freqüentemente, fatal forma de apresentação das doenças da aorta.We present the case of a patient with a descending aorta aneurysm rupture into the esophagus, which, after aortoplasty with Dacron tube interposition and suture of esophageal laceration, developed a pleural-esophagus fistula on the 3rd postoperative day. She needed re-intervention and intensive care, followed by adequate recovery. Considering this unusual case and the knowledge acquired through its management, we reviewed the literature in order to discuss the best alternative for the correction of this rare and often fatal form of presentation of aortic diseases.

[The reasonable use of right ventricular protection strategy in right ventricular outflow tract reconstruction].

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Zhang, Y; Yuan, H Y; Liu, X B; Wen, S S; Xu, G; Cui, H J; Zhuang, J; Chen, J M

2018-06-01

As a result of right ventricular outflow tract reconstruction, which is the important and basic step of complex cardiac surgery, the blood flow of right ventricular outflow tract is unobstructed, while pulmonary valve regurgitation and right heart dysfunction could be happened. These problems are often ignored in early days, more and more cases of right heart dysfunction need clinical intervention, which is quite difficult and less effective. How to protect effectively the right ventricular function is the focus. At present main methods to protect the right ventricular function include trying to avoid or reduce length of right ventricular incision, reserving or rebuilding the function of the pulmonary valve, using growth potential material for surgery. The protection of the right ventricular function is a systemic project, it involves many aspects, single measures is difficult to provide complete protection, only the comprehensive use of various protection strategy, can help to improve the long-term prognosis.

Cirurgia cardíaca de emergência para ressecção de mixoma atrial esquerdo Cardiac surgery of emergency for resection of left atrial myxoma

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Antônio Augusto Ramalho Motta

2008-06-01

Full Text Available É descrito caso de paciente do sexo feminino que apresentava manifestações pulmonares e sistêmicas inespecíficas há vários meses, as quais resultaram em várias internações hospitalares com a hipótese diagnóstica de fibrose pulmonar. Estudo ecocardiográfico evidenciou a presença de grande mixoma pediculado no átrio esquerdo, que prolapsava, através da valva mitral, para o ventrículo esquerdo. Em condições clínicas bastante desfavoráveis, a paciente foi encaminhada ao nosso Serviço para tratamento cirúrgico, evoluindo durante o preparo pré-operatório com edema agudo pulmonar e instabilidade hemodinâmica, sendo submetida a cirurgia de emergência, com sucesso, para ressecção da tumoração. A paciente encontra-se assintomática.We report case of a female patient who during months presented pulmonary manifestation associated with nonspecific systemic symptoms resulting in several hospitalizations with the diagnostic hypothesis of pulmonary fibrosis. The echocardiographic study showed a great pedunculated left atrial myxoma prolapsing through the mitral valve for the left ventricle. In quite unfavorable clinical conditions the patient was sent to our Service for surgical treatment, evolving during the preparation for surgery with acute pulmonary edema and hemodinamic instability being submitted to a successfully surgery of emergency for resection of the tumor. The patient is asymptomatic.

Right Ventricular Endomyocardial Fibrosis Presenting With Ventricular Tachycardia And Apical Thrombus - An Interesting Presentation

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Amitesh Aggarwal

2009-11-01

Full Text Available Endomyocardial fibrosis is a progressive disease of unknown origin affecting children and young adults. It involves inflow portion of right and/or left ventricle and apex. It may be associated with thrombus. Literature regarding right ventricular endomyocardial fibrosis with thrombus is scarce. Here we report a rare case of right ventricular endomyocardial fibrosis presenting as ventricular tachycardia and echocardiographic evidence of apical thrombus. Interestingly there was no pulmonary involvement or evidence of deep venous thrombosis. This case also underscores the importance of urgent echocardiography in diagnosis of obscure cases of ventricular tachycardia.

Tratamiento endovascular del aneurisma de aorta descendente en el adolescente con síndrome de Marfan. Reporte de un caso

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Juan G. Barrera, MD

2012-01-01

Full Text Available Se expone el caso de un adolescente de 14 años de edad, con síndrome de Marfan y antecedente de tres cirugías cardiovasculares previas: valvuloplastia aórtica y mitral a los cinco años y valvuloplastia aórtica y reconstrucción de la aorta torácica con tubo de pericardio bovino a sus diez años. En primer tiempo quirúrgico se realizó reemplazo valvular aórtico por válvula mecánica y valvuloplastia mitral y tricuspidea, y en segundo tiempo quirúrgico, durante la misma hospitalización, exclusión endovascular de aneurisma de aorta descendente asintomático sin complicaciones. Antes del egreso se diagnosticó una endofuga tipo II que se manejó con observación clínica. Luego de un año del procedimiento, los controles clínico y tomográfico son satisfactorios.

Right Ventricular Outflow Tract Tachycardia with Structural Abnormalities of the Right Ventricle and Left Ventricular Diverticulum

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Bortolo Martini

2015-01-01

Full Text Available A 43-year-old woman presented to the emergency room with a sustained ventricular tachycardia (VT. ECG showed a QRS in left bundle branch block morphology with inferior axis. Echocardiography, ventricular angiography, and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMRI revealed a normal right ventricle and a left ventricular diverticulum. Electrophysiology studies with epicardial voltage mapping identified a large fibrotic area in the inferolateral layer of the right ventricular wall and a small area of fibrotic tissue at the anterior right ventricular outflow tract. VT ablation was successfully performed with combined epicardial and endocardial approaches.

Radionuclide analysis of right and left ventricular response to exercise in patients with atrial and ventricular septal defects

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Peter, C.A.; Bowyer, K.; Jones, R.H.

1983-01-01

In patients with ventricular or atrial septal defect, the ventricle which is chronically volume overloaded might not appropriately respond to increased demand for an augmentation in output and thereby might limit total cardiac function. In this study we simultaneously measured right and left ventricular response to exercise in 10 normal individuals, 10 patients with ventricular septal defect (VSD), and 10 patients with atrial septal defect (ASD). The normal subjects increased both right and left ventricular ejection fraction, end-diastolic volume, and stroke volume to achieve a higher cardiac output during exercise. Patients with VSD failed to increase right ventricular ejection fraction, but increased right ventricular end-diastolic volume and stroke volume. Left ventricular end-diastolic volume did not increase in these patients but ejection fraction, stroke volume, and forward left ventricular output achieved during exercise were comparable to the response observed in healthy subjects. In the patients with ASD, no rest-to-exercise change occurred in either right ventricular ejection fraction, end-diastolic volume, or stroke volume. In addition, left ventricular end-diastolic volume failed to increase, and despite an increase in ejection fraction, left ventricular stroke volume remained unchanged from rest to exercise. Therefore, cardiac output was augmented only by the heart rate increase in these patients. Right ventricular function appeared to be the major determinant of total cardiac output during exercise in patients with cardiac septal defects and left-to-right shunt

Avaliação da ação concomitante do balão intra-aórtico e da bomba centrífuga na assistência ao ventrículo esquerdo: estudo experimental em cães

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PÊGO-FENANDES Paulo M

1998-01-01

Full Text Available O tratamento da síndrome de baixo débito cardíaco tem evoluído muito, em especial em relação aos dispositivos mecânicos de assistência ventricular. Esses dispositivos podem genericamente ser agrupados em pulsáteis e não pulsáteis. Existe grande polêmica sobre as vantagens e desvantagens de cada um desses grupos de dispositivos. O objetivo deste trabalho é avaliar a ação da bomba centrífuga sobre o fluxo coronário e carotídeo na assistência circulatória do ventrículo esquerdo em cães com coração normal. Além disso, verificamos se o uso concomitante do balão intra-aórtico é suficiente para contrabalançar os possíveis efeitos deletérios da assistência circulatória com fluxo contínuo. Foram estudados 15 cães, com peso corpóreo médio de 16,3 kg. Realizamos a avaliação hemodinâmica dos animais, através da medida seriada das pressões do átrio direito, do capilar pulmonar, das artérias pulmonares, da circulação arterial sistêmica e a freqüência cardíaca. Foi realizada a aferição do débito cardíaco e calculados os seguintes parâmetros hemodinâmicos derivados: índice cardíaco, índice sistólico, resistência vascular sistêmica e resistência vascular pulmonar. O fluxo sangüíneo carotídeo e coronariano foram obtidos com o uso de transdutores eletromagnéticos. Os parâmetros foram analisados em quatro situações: S1. situação controle; S2. situação de teste da bomba centrífuga em que esse dispositivo realiza a assistência circulatória do ventrículo esquerdo; S3. situação de teste da bomba centrífuga e do balão intra-aórtico; S4. situação final em que é feita a contraprova desligando-se o balão intra-aórtico. A avaliação hemodinâmica através dos diversos parâmetros não mostrou alteração estatisticamente significante nas quatro situações. Já em relação ao fluxo coronário a utilização da assistência circulatória isolada com bomba centrífuga (S2 e S4 diminuiu

Right ventricular pressure response to exercise in adults with isolated ventricular septal defect closed in early childhood.

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Moller, Thomas; Lindberg, Harald; Lund, May Brit; Holmstrom, Henrik; Dohlen, Gaute; Thaulow, Erik

2018-06-01

We previously demonstrated an abnormally high right ventricular systolic pressure response to exercise in 50% of adolescents operated on for isolated ventricular septal defect. The present study investigated the prevalence of abnormal right ventricular systolic pressure response in 20 adult (age 30-45 years) patients who underwent surgery for early ventricular septal defect closure and its association with impaired ventricular function, pulmonary function, or exercise capacity. The patients underwent cardiopulmonary tests, including exercise stress echocardiography. Five of 19 patients (26%) presented an abnormal right ventricular systolic pressure response to exercise ⩾ 52 mmHg. Right ventricular systolic function was mixed, with normal tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion and fractional area change, but abnormal tricuspid annular systolic motion velocity (median 6.7 cm/second) and isovolumetric acceleration (median 0.8 m/second2). Left ventricular systolic and diastolic function was normal at rest as measured by the peak systolic velocity of the lateral wall and isovolumic acceleration, early diastolic velocity, and ratio of early diastolic flow to tissue velocity, except for ejection fraction (median 53%). The myocardial performance index was abnormal for both the left and right ventricle. Peak oxygen uptake was normal (mean z score -0.4, 95% CI -2.8-0.3). There was no association between an abnormal right ventricular systolic pressure response during exercise and right or left ventricular function, pulmonary function, or exercise capacity. Abnormal right ventricular pressure response is not more frequent in adult patients compared with adolescents. This does not support the theory of progressive pulmonary vascular disease following closure of left-to-right shunts.

Cardiomiopatia de takotsubo como causa de disfunção ventricular transitória Takotsubo cardiomyopathy causing transitory ventricular dysfunction

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Angele A. Alves

2008-03-01

Full Text Available Relato do caso de mulher de 74 anos, com hipertensão arterial sistêmica e insuficiência vascular periférica, que apresentou sintomas de síndrome coronariana aguda. A angiografia coronariana demonstrou artérias sem obstruções significativas. A ventriculografia e a ecocardiografia demonstraram acinesia dos segmentos médios e apicais, e hipercinesia dos segmentos basais do ventrículo esquerdo. A paciente evoluiu com recuperação completa da função global e motilidade segmentar em ecocardiografia realizada duas semanas após o início dos sintomas. Esse padrão incomum e reversível de disfunção sistólica e comprometimento segmentar dando ao ventrículo esquerdo forma semelhante a um takotsubo é hoje conhecido como cardiomiopatia do estresse.This is the report of a 74-year-old female patient with a history of systemic hypertension and peripheral vascular disease who presented acute coronary syndrome symptoms. Coronary angiography showed coronary arteries with no significant obstructions. Ventriculography and echocardiography showed akinesia in mid and apical segments; and hyperkinesia of left ventricle basal segments. Two weeks after the onset of symptoms, a new echocardiogram demonstrated normal global and regional systolic function. The uncommon, reversible pattern for systolic dysfunction and segmental compromising that gives left ventricle a takostubo-like shape is known today as stress cardiomyopathy.

Four cases of right ventricular dysplasia

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Takamura, Ichiro; Ando, Joji; Miyamoto, Atsushi; Kobayashi, Takeshi; Sakamoto, Sanya; Yasuda, Hisakazu

1985-01-01

Finding of 81 Kr right ventriculography and 201 Tl myocardial perfusion imaging in 4 patients with right ventricular dysplasia (RVD) were compared with those in 28 patients with dilated cardiomyopathy. Remarkably dilated right ventricle was detected on 201 Tl myocardial perfusion imaging in the RVD group. In a patient with RVD who died suddenly, perfusion defect of the left ventricular myocardium, a decreased right ventricular ejection fraction, and an increased right ventricular end diastolic volume were seen. Perfusion defect of the left ventricular myocardium was seen in 10 of the 28 patients with dilated cardiomyopathy, 4 of whom died suddenly. In these 4 patients, a decreased left ventricular ejection fraction and an increased right ventricular end diastolic volume were seen. These findings obtained by the radionuclide techniques suggested that there are differences in cardiac dysfunction of the both ventricles between the groups with RVD and dilated cardiomyopathy. (Namekawa, K.)

Efeito do exercício associado ao transplante de células-tronco sobre a função ventricular de ratos pós-infarto agudo do miocárdio Effect of exercise associated with stem cell transplantation on ventricular function in rats after acute myocardial infarction

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Simone Cosmo

2012-12-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Avaliar o efeito da associação terapêutica entre o transplante autólogo de células-tronco e o exercício físico aquático, sobre a fração de ejeção do ventrículo esquerdo (FEVE de ratos com disfunção ventricular pós-infarto agudo do miocárdio (IAM. MÉTODOS: Foram induzidos ao IAM, por ligadura da artéria coronária esquerda, 21 ratos Wistar. Os animais foram submetidos à ecocardiografia para avaliação da FEVE (% e dos volumes diastólico e sistólico finais do ventrículo esquerdo (VDF, VSF, ml, randomizados e ao transplante das células-tronco mononucleares. Os animais foram divididos em quatro grupos: grupo sedentário sem células (n=5, sedentário com células (n=5, treinado sem células (n=5 e treinado com células (n=6. O treinamento físico foi iniciado 30 dias após o IAM e realizado em piscina adaptada durante 30 dias. No início e no final do protocolo de treinamento físico, foram realizadas dosagens de lactato. Os animais foram submetidos a nova ecocardiografia após 60 dias do IAM. RESULTADOS: Comparação dos valores de FEVE 30 dias e 60 dias pós-IAM, respectivamente: sedentário sem (35,20 ± 7,64% vs. 22,39 ± 4,56% P=0,026, com células (25,18 ± 7,73% vs. 23,85 ± 9,51% P=0,860 e no treinado sem (21,49 ± 2,70% vs. 20,71 ± 7,14% P=0,792, treinado com células (28,86 ± 6,68 vs. 38,43 ±7,56% P=0,062. Identificou-se a diminuição de fibras colágenas, nas regiões de fibrose miocárdica no grupo treinado com e sem células. CONCLUSÃO: A associação terapêutica entre exercício físico e o transplante autólogo de células-tronco foi benéfica contra as ações do remodelamento ventricular.OBJECTIVE: To analyze the functional and anatomical-pathological effect of transplantation of bone marrow mononuclear cells associated to aquatic physical activity after myocardial infarction in rats. METHODS: Twenty-one rats were induced by myocardial infarction, through left coronary artery ligation. After

Pulsed-wave tissue Doppler imaging of the myocardium of cats with induced thyrotoxicosis Doppler tecidual pulsado do miocárdio de gatos com tirotoxicose induzida

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Daniel Capucho de Oliveira

2011-06-01

Full Text Available Left ventricular myocardial motion was quantified using pulsed-wave tissue Doppler imaging (PW-TDI in nine adult cats before and after thyrotoxicosis induction. In order to induce thyrotoxicosis, all cats were given 150µg kg-1 of levothyroxine sodium as a single oral dose each day for 10 weeks. PW-TDI examinations were performed immediately before the induction and by the end of the experimental protocol. An increase in myocardial motion velocity was documented at the interventricular septum level, demonstrated by an elevation in systolic (Sa, and early (Ea and late (Aa diastolic waves (PA velocidade de movimentação miocárdica do ventrículo esquerdo foi quantificada por meio de exames ecocardiográficos com Doppler tecidual pulsado (PW-TDI em nove gatos adultos antes e após indução à tirotoxicose. Para indução da tirotoxicose, todos os gatos receberam doses diárias de 150mg kg-1 de levotiroxina sódica, por via oral, durante 10 semanas. Os exames de PW-TDI foram realizados imediatamente antes da indução e ao final do protocolo experimental. Uma elevação na velocidade de movimentação miocárdica foi documentada ao nível do septo interventricular, demonstrado por um aumento das ondas sistólica (Sa e diastólicas (Ea e Aa; P<0,05. No entanto, nenhuma alteração nos valores de Sa, Ea e Aa foi encontrada ao nível da parede livre do ventrículo esquerdo. A frequência cardíaca aumentou significativamente entre os momentos experimentais, sendo que três animais apresentaram fusão das ondas Aa e Ea ao final do experimento. O protocolo experimental utilizado neste estudo causou alterações na velocidade de movimentação do miocárdio ventricular esquerdo, mas sem causar danos à função diastólica do ventrículo esquerdo.

296. Aneurisma de Seno de Valsalva no Coronariano Fistulizado a Aurícula Derecha Acompañado de Comunicación Auricular Tipo Ostium Secundum

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M. García Vieites

2012-04-01

Los aneurismas del seno de Valsalva tienen una prevalencia estimada de 0,14%, siendo más comunes en la población masculina. Su localización más frecuente es el seno coronario derecho (70–90%, seguido de seno no coronariano (10–20%, y raramente de seno coronariano izquierdo. Aunque frecuentemente se presentan con defectos congénitos, su asociación con comunicación interauricular es baja. Evolucionan hacia la dilatación progresiva que puede llevar a rotura hacia pericardio o bien fistulizar a cavidades cardíacas. Un diagnóstico e intervención quirúrgica precoz son fundamentales, con una tasa de mortalidad posquirúrgica baja a corto y largo plazo.

Large right ventricular sinusoids in an infant with aorta-left ventricular tunnel and proximal right coronary artery atresia.

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Chen, Peter C; Spinner, Joseph A; Heinle, Jeffrey S

2018-07-01

We report a 1-month-old infant diagnosed with an aorta-left ventricular tunnel, ventricular septal defect, and right coronary atresia with right ventricular sinusoids. The patient's anatomy and physiology did not indicate right-ventricular-dependent coronary circulation, and therefore right ventricular decompression could be performed without compromising coronary perfusion during surgical correction. A detailed understanding of the coronary anatomy is critical in managing this defect when coronary anomalies are present.

Efeitos da estimulação ventricular convencional em pacientes com função ventricular normal Efectos de la estimulación ventricular convencional en pacientes con función ventricular normal Conventional ventricular stimulation effects on patients with normal ventricular function

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Luiz Antonio Batista de Sá

2009-08-01

Full Text Available FUNDAMENTO: A estimulação de ventrículo direito pode ser deletéria em pacientes com disfunção ventricular, entretanto há poucas evidências sobre o impacto dessa estimulação em pacientes com função normal. OBJETIVO: Avaliar a evolução clínica e laboratorial de pacientes com função ventricular normal submetidos a implante de marcapasso cardíaco artificial. MÉTODOS: Foram estudados de forma prospectiva 16 pacientes com os seguintes critérios de inclusão: função ventricular normal definida pelo ecocardiograma e presença de estimulação ventricular superior 90% (avaliação por telemetria do gerador. Parâmetros analisados: classe funcional (CF, teste de caminhada, dosagem de BNP, ecocardiograma (convencional e parâmetros de dessincronia intraventricular e teste de qualidade de vida (SF36. Essas medidas fora feitas com 10 dias(d (t1, 120d(t2 e 240 d(t3. Os dados foram comparados ao longo do tempo segundo método ANOVA. Comparações múltiplas de médias foram efetuadas utilizando-se o método de Tukey. RESULTADOS: Dos dados avaliados os seguintes não apresentaram variação estatística significante (p>0,05: classe funcional, dosagem de BNP, parâmetros ecocardiográficos convencionais, dessincronia intraventricular (Doppler tecidual. Apresentaram piora (pFUNDAMENTO: La estimulación del ventrículo derecho puede ser dañosa a pacientes con disfunción ventricular. Sin embargo, hay pocas evidencias sobre el impacto de esa estimulación en pacientes con función normal. OBJETIVO: Evaluar la evolución clínica y laboratorial de pacientes con función ventricular normal sometidos a implante de marcapaso cardíaco artificial. MÉTODOS: Se estudiaron de forma prospectiva a 16 pacientes con los siguientes criterios de inclusión: función ventricular normal definida por el ecocardiograma y presencia de estimulación ventricular superior a 90% (evaluación por telemetría del generador. Parámetros analizados: clase funcional

Role of ventricular tachycardia ablation in arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy

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Alberto Cipriani

2017-11-01

Full Text Available Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC is characterized by progressive fibro-fatty replacement of the myocardium that represents the substrate for recurrent sustained ventricular tachycardia (VT. These arrhythmias characterize the clinical course of a sizeable proportion of patients and have significant implications for their quality of life and long-term prognosis. Antiarrhythmic drugs are often poorly tolerated and usually provide incomplete control of arrhythmia relapses. Catheter ablation is a potentially effective strategy to treat frequent VT episodes and ICD shocks in ARVC patients. The aims of this review are to discuss the electrophysiological and electroanatomic substrates of ventricular tachycardia in patients with ARVC and to analyze the role of catheter ablation in their management with particular reference to selection of patients, technical issues, potential complications and outcomes.

Valor das provas de posicionamento da ponta da agulha de veress em punção do hipocôndrio esquerdo na instalação do pneumoperitônio

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Otávio Cansanção de Azevedo

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Avaliar provas de posicionamento da agulha de Veress no hipocôndrio esquerdo na criação do pneumoperitônio. MÉTODO: Em cem pacientes puncionados no hipocôndrio esquerdo, provas de posicionamento da agulha foram avaliadas, considerando-as positivas quando, na prova da aspiração (PA, material orgânico era aspirado; na prova da resistência (PRes, exercia-se pequena força no êmbolo da seringa à infusão de líquido; na prova da recuperação (PRec, não se recobrava o líquido infundido; na do gotejamento (PG, as gotas escoavam rapidamente e, na prova da pressão intraperitoneal inicial (PPII, os níveis eram = 8mmHg. PA positiva denunciava iatrogenia, enquanto que PRes, PRec, PG e PPII positivas indicavam que a ponta da agulha estava adequadamente posicionada na cavidade peritoneal. Foram calculadas a sensibilidade (S e a especificidade (E das provas, e os seus valores preditivos positivos (VPP e negativos (VPN, mediante correlação dos resultados verdadeiro-positivos (a, falso-positivos (b, falso negativos (c e verdadeiro-negativos (d, segundo as fórmulas: S=[a/(a+c]x100; E=[d/(b+d]x100; VPP=[a/(a+b]x100; VPN=[d(c+d]x100. RESULTADOS: Na PA, constatou-se que S e VPP não puderam ser aplicados, e E=100% e VPN=100%. Na PRes, S=0%, E=100%, VPP=não existiu e VPN=90%. Tanto na PRec quanto na PG, S=50%, E=100%, VPP=100% e VPN=94,7%. Na PPII, obteve-se que S, E, VPP e VPN=100%. CONCLUSÕES: Na punção no hipocôndrio esquerdo, PA negativa garante ausência de lesões; a PRes é insegura quanto ao mau posicionamento da agulha, mas indica corretamente o bom; a PRec e a PG não reconhecem bem o adequado posicionamento, mas detectam com segurança o inadequado; a PPII acusa com segurança tanto o mau quanto o bom posicionamento da agulha, sendo a prova mais confiável dentre as estudadas.

Dynamic Changes of QRS Morphology of Premature Ventricular Contractions During Ablation in the Right Ventricular Outflow Tract: A Case Report.

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Yue-Chun, Li; Jia-Feng, Lin; Jia-Xuan, Lin

2015-10-01

Electrocardiographic characteristics can be useful in differentiating between right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) and aortic sinus cusp (ASC) ventricular arrhythmias. Ventricular arrhythmias originating from ASC, however, show preferential conduction to RVOT that may render the algorithms of electrocardiographic characteristics less reliable. Even though there are few reports describing ventricular arrhythmias with ASC origins and endocardial breakout sites of RVOT, progressive dynamic changes in QRS morphology of the ventricular arrhythmias during ablation obtained were rare.This case report describes a patient with symptomatic premature ventricular contractions of left ASC origin presenting an electrocardiogram (ECG) characteristic of right ventricular outflow tract before ablation. Pacing at right ventricular outflow tract reproduced an excellent pace map. When radiofrequency catheter ablation was applied to the right ventricular outflow tract, the QRS morphology of premature ventricular contractions progressively changed from ECG characteristics of right ventricular outflow tract origin to ECG characteristics of left ASC origin.Successful radiofrequency catheter ablation was achieved at the site of the earliest ventricular activation in the left ASC. The distance between the successful ablation site of the left ASC and the site with an excellent pace map of the RVOT was 20 mm.The ndings could be strong evidence for a preferential conduction via the myocardial bers from the ASC origin to the breakout site in the right ventricular outflow tract. This case demonstrates that ventricular arrhythmias with a single origin and exit shift may exhibit QRS morphology changes.

Associação entre dissinergia miocárdica e arritmia ventricular na forma indeterminada da doença de Chagas

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Márcio Lins Barros

2011-04-01

Full Text Available INTRODUÇÃO: Pacientes na forma indeterminada da doença de Chagas (FIDC podem apresentar anormalidades contráteis segmentares, com evidências de pior prognóstico comparativamente a pacientes com estudo ecocardiográfico normal. O objetivo deste estudo foi de avaliar a associação entre a presença de anormalidade contrátil segmentar e a presença de distúrbios do ritmo cardíaco na FIDC. MÉTODOS: Foram estudados 38 pacientes na FIDC, sendo 26 pacientes sem anormalidade contrátil e 12 com presença de distúrbio contrátil ao estudo ecocardiográfico. Todos os pacientes foram submetidos a um estudo ecocardiográfico completo, incluindo o Doppler tecidual, bem como à monitorização eletrocardiográfica de 24h (Holter. RESULTADOS: Entre as diversas variáveis estudadas, foram encontradas diferenças significativas entre os dois grupos em relação à fração de ejeção (p < 0,001, dimensão sistólica do ventrículo esquerdo (p = 0,029 e tempo de contração isovolumétrica (p < 0,05 medidos pela ecocardiografia e Doppler tecidual, bem como extrassistolia ventricular isolada (p = 0,016 e em pares (p = 0,003 pela avaliação pelo Holter. CONCLUSÕES: Pacientes na FIDC que apresentam anormalidades contráteis quando avaliados pela ecocardiografia apresentam episódios mais frequentes de extrassistolia ventricular, traduzindo um maior dano morfofuncional e elétrico do coração, quando comparados a pacientes que apresentem estudo ecocardiográfico normal.

Dessincronia ventricular e aumento dos níveis de BNP na estimulação apical do ventrículo direito

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Cláudia Drummond Guimarães Abreu

2011-08-01

Full Text Available FUNDAMENTO: A estimulação apical crônica do ventrículo direito pode ocasionar dessincronia ventricular e, secundariamente, alterações neuro-humorais e aumento da morbimortalidade cardíaca. OBJETIVO: Pesquisar dessincronia ventricular e seus efeitos sobre os níveis de BNP em pacientes com marca-passo estimulados cronicamente no ápice do ventrículo direito (VD. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal com 85 pacientes com marca-passo uni ou bicameral, em classe funcional I e II da NYHA e fração de ejeção do ventrículo esquerdo (FEVE > 35%. A avaliação de dessincronia foi realizada utilizando-se várias técnicas ecocardiográficas, incluindo o Tissue Synchronization Imaging (TSI, com análise dos 12 segmentos. O BNP foi dosado junto com o ecocardiograma, porém com o examinador cego. RESULTADOS: Quarenta e seis mulheres e 39 homens, com idade de 58 ± 12 anos, chagásicos (56% e hipertensos controlados (62%, foram incluídos. A fração de ejeção do VE foi 52 ± 8% e a duração média do QRS de 139 ms (120-180 ms. O BNP mostrou-se alterado em 36,5% da amostra (ponto de corte de 60 pg/ml. Na análise multivariada de regressão linear, o BNP correlacionou-se com a idade (p = 0,024, FEVE (p < 0,0001 e tempo pré-ejetivo do VE (p = 0,009, que é índice de dessincronia intraventricular. CONCLUSÃO: Em pacientes com estimulação cardíaca convencional, estáveis clinicamente, a dessincronia intraventricular foi um preditor independente do aumento dos níveis de BNP, após ajuste pela idade e FEVE.

Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia: MRI findings

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wall, E.E. van der; Bootsma, M.M.; Schalij, M.J.; Kayser, H.W.M.; Roos, A. de

2000-01-01

Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia (ARVD) is a heart muscle disorder of unknown cause that is characterized pathologically by fibrofatty replacement of the right ventricular myocardium. Clinical manifestations include structural and functional malformations of the right ventricle, electrocardiographic abnormalities, and presentation with ventricular tachycardias with left bundle branch pattern or sudden death. The disease is often familial with an autosomal inheritance. In addition to right ventricular dilatation, right ventricular aneurysms are typical deformities of ARVD and they are distributed in the so-called ''triangle of dysplasia'', i. e., right ventricular outflow tract, apex, and infundibulum. Ventricular aneurysms at these sites can be considered pathognomonic of ARVD. Another typical hallmark of ARVD is fibrofatty infiltration of the right ventricular free wall. These functional and morphologic characteristics are relevant to clinical imaging investigations such as contrast angiography, echocardiography, radionuclide angiography, ultrafast computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Among these techniques, MRI allows the clearest visualization of the heart, in particular because the right ventricle is involved, which is usually more difficult to explore with the other imaging modalities. Furthermore, MRI offers the specific advantage of visualizing adipose infiltration as a bright signal of the right ventricular myocardium. MRI provides the most important anatomic, functional, and morphologic criteria for diagnosis of ARVD within one single study. As a result, MRI appears to be the optimal imaging technique for detecting and following patients with clinical suspicion of ARVD. (orig.) [de

Pseudo-aneurisma em tubo valvulado de pericárdio bovino corrugado após reconstrução da aorta ascendente: relato de caso False aneurysm of crimped bovine pericardial conduit after reconstruction of the ascending aorta: case report

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Noedir A. G. STOLF

1999-10-01

Full Text Available Os autores descrevem o caso de paciente que, 9 anos após a correção cirúrgica de um aneurisma de aorta ascendente com tubo valvulado de pericárdio bovino corrugado, evoluiu com a formação de um pseudo-aneurisma de aorta localizado, posteriormente, sobre a linha de sutura do tubo de pericárdio bovino. Foi realizada substituição do tubo de pericárdio bovino por tubo de Dacron valvulado (com prótese mecânica e reimplante dos óstios coronários utilizando-se a técnica de hemi-Cabrol. O tempo de seguimento pós-operatório do paciente é de 12 meses, permanecendo assintomático.The authors describe the case of a patient who had an aneurysm of the ascending aorta repaired with biologic valved crimped bovine pericardial conduit. Nine years after the surgery he presented a false aneurysm of the ascending aorta, located posteriorly on the suture line of the pericardial tube. The patient was reoperated and the pericardial tube was replaced by a valved Dacron composite graft using the hemi- Cabrol technique for the reimplantation of the coronary ostia. At 12 months follow-up the patient remains free of symptoms.

Left ventricular function in right ventricular overload

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Iwanaga, Shiro; Handa, Shunnosuke; Abe, Sumihisa; Onishi, Shohei; Nakamura, Yoshiro; Kunieda, Etsuo; Ogawa, Koichi; Kubo, Atsushi

1989-01-01

This study clarified regional and global functions of the distorted left ventricle due to right ventricular overload by gated radionuclide ventriculography (RNV). Cardiac catheterization and RNV were performed in 13 cases of atrial septal defect (ASD), 13 of pure mitral stenosis (MS), 10 of primary pulmonary hypertension (PPH), and 10 of normal subjects (NL). Right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP) was 32.9±13.9, 45.0±12.2, 88.3±17.1, and 21.2±4.5 mmHg, respectively. The end-systolic LAO view of the left ventricle was halved into septal and free-wall sides. The end-diastolic halves were determined in the same plane. Ejection fractions of the global left ventricle (LVEF), global right ventricle (RVEF), the septal half of the left ventricle (SEPEF), and the free-wall half of the left ventricle (FWEF) were obtained. LVEF was 56.8±9.8% in NL, 52.8±10.5% in ASD, and 49.5±12.9% in PPH. In MS, LVEF (47.0±13.0%) was smaller than those in the other groups. RVEF was 37.0±5.2% in NL, 43.7±15.5% in ASD, and 32.8±11.5% in MS. In PPH, RVEF (25.0±10.6%) was smaller than those in the other groups. SEPEF was smaller in ASD (42.5±13.2%), MS (40.4±13.1%), PPH (40.5±12.5%) than in NL (53.5±8.5%). Systolic function of the septal half of the left ventricle was disturbed by right ventricular overload. RVEF (r=-0.35, p<0.05) and SEPEF (r=-0.51, p<0.01) had negative correlations with RVSP. As RVSP rose, systolic function of the septal half of the left ventricle was more severely disturbed. FWEF was the same among the four groups; NL (57.0±12.6%), ASD (48.6±15.2%), MS (50.5±12.0%), and PPH (51.1±12.3%). There was a good correlation between SEPEF and LVEF in NL (r=0.81), although in PPH this correlation was poor (r=0.64). These data showed that the distorted left ventricular due to right ventricular overload maintains its global function with preserved function of the free-wall side. (J.P.N.)

Quantificação morfométrica de Chlamydia pneumoniae e Mycoplasma pneumoniae em aneurismas de aorta abdominal humana Morphometrical quantification of Chlamydia pneumoniae and Mycoplasma pneumoniae in human atherosclerotic abdominal aortic aneurysms

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Lucas José Tachotti Pires

2007-09-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: A inflamação aterosclerótica, com possível papel de agentes infecciosos, pode contribuir na patogênese dos aneurismas da aorta abdominal (AAA. O achado de Chamydia pneumoniae (CP nessas lesões, em estudos prévios, sem quantificação, variou de 0-100%. O objetivo é quantificar a presença de CP e de Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP nos AAA. MÉTODO: A espessura, o número de células positivas para CP detectadas por imunoperoxidase e a porcentagem de área ocupada por MP detectada por hibridização "in situ", nas três camadas da aorta, foram medidos com sistema de análise de imagens, em 10 aortas abdominais aneurismáticas. Usouse três grupos-controle: 1 amostras das mesmas aortas, fora do aneurisma, exceto se a dilatação tomasse toda a porção sub-renal da artéria (n=7; 2 aortas com aterosclerose grave, mas sem aneurismas (n=10; 3 aortas sem aterosclerose ou com grau leve da doença (n=10. Todos os espécimes foram obtidos em necropsias. Usou-se o teste de Wald para comparar os grupos; fixou-se o nível de significância em 5%. RESULTADOS: A íntima era mais fina e a média mais espessa nos casos normais que nos outros grupos (p0,05. Também se detectou MP em todos os grupos. Este agente predominou no grupo de pacientes com aterosclerose, mas sem aneurisma na íntima e na adventícia; entretanto, as diferenças entre os grupos não foram significativas (p>0,05. CONCLUSÕES: Nossos dados sugerem que os agentes enfocados não têm papel importante na patogênese dos AAA.OBJECTIVE: Atherosclerotic inflammation, with a possible role of infectious agents, could contribute to the pathogenesis of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA. Finding of Chlamydia pneumoniae (CP in these lesions in previous, non-quantifying studies ranged from 0-100%. The objective is to quantify the presence of CP and Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP in AAA. METHODS: Thickness, number of cells positive for CP by immunohistochemistry and percent area occupied by MP

Analysis of the effect of stent porosity and shape on saccular intracranial aneurysm using the Lattice Boltzmann method Análisis del efecto de la porosidad y forma de un stent en un aneurisma sacular intracraneal utilizando el método Lattice Boltzmann

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D S Ayala

2013-11-01

Full Text Available This article presents an analysis of blood flow patterns in intracranial saccular aneurysm and the effects of the shape and porosity of the stents used in endovascular treatments. In this study will be used the flow reduction criteria for characterizing the efficiency of the stent. The hemodynamic properties of a newtonian blood flow into the aneurysm will be evaluated using the Lattice Boltzmann method (LBM. Porosity values and stent forms are proposed for analysis. In all stent cases analyzed is observed a reduction of velocity and pressure and an increase in viscosity. It is further noted that the rectangular contour stent is the optimal case and reduces the magnitude of the flow velocity inside the aneurysm much as 76%. The results help to understand the role of porosity in the form and design of a stent.En este artículo se presenta un analísis de los patrones de flujo sanguíneo en un aneurisma sacular intracraneal y los efectos de la forma y la porosidad de los stents empleados en tratamientos endovasculares. En este estudio se empleará el criterio de reducción del flujo para caracterizar la eficiencia del stent. Se evaluarán las propiedades hemodinámicas de un flujo sanguíneo newtoniano dentro del aneurisma a partir del método de Lattice Boltzmann (LBM. Se proponen algunos valores de porosidad y forma de stent para el análisis. En todos los casos de stent analizados se observa una reducción de velocidades y presiones y un aumento de viscosidad. Se observa además que el stent de contorno rectangular es el caso óptimo y reduce la magnitud de la velocidad del flujo en el interior del aneurisma hasta en un 76 %. Los resultados obtenidos ayudan a entender el papel de la forma y porosidad en el diseño de un stent.

Measurement of ventricular function using Doppler ultrasound

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Teague, S.M.

1986-01-01

Doppler has wide application in the evaluation of valvular heart disease. The need to know ventricular function is a much more common reason for an echocardiographic evaluation. Interestingly, Doppler examinations can assess ventricular function from many perspectives. Description of ventricular function entails measurement of the timing, rate and volume of ventricular filling and ejection. Doppler ultrasound examination reveals all of these aspects of ventricular function noninvasively, simply, and without great expense or radiation exposure, as described in this chapter

Right ventricular function in patients with ischemic heart disease

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Araki, Haruo; Hisano, Ryuichi; Nagata, Yoshiyuki; Caglar, N.; Nakamura, Motoomi

1985-01-01

Thirty-five patients with ischemic heart disease (IHD) and 10 normal subjects were studied. Right and left ventricular ejecction fractions (EF) were determined using equilibrium radionuclide ventriculography with technetium-99m. Furthermore, abnormal motion of the right ventricular septal wall was obtained by cardiac cathetelization, and its relation to the right ventricular EF was examined. In IHD patients with anterior myocardial infarction, left ventricular EF decreased, but right ventricular EF was normal. This suggested that left ventricular dysfunction does not always have an effect on right ventricular function. Right ventricular EF was normal even when akinesis or dyskinesis was present in the ventricular septul, suggesting that abnormal motion of the ventricular septal wall has no significantly stimulant effect on right ventricular function. A decreased right ventricular EF was likely to occur only when the right ventricular free wall became ischemic or necrotic simultaneously with occurrence of posterior myocardial infarction. (Namekawa, K.)

Right ventricular failure after implantation of a continuous-flow left ventricular assist device

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Cordtz, Johan Joakim; Nilsson, Jens C; Hansen, Peter B

2014-01-01

Right ventricular failure (RVF) is a significant complication after implantation of a left ventricular assist device. We aimed to identify haemodynamic changes in the early postoperative phase that predicted subsequent development of RVF in a cohort of HeartMate II (HMII) implanted patients....

Ventricular fibrillation in an ambulatory patient supported by a left ventricular assist device: highlighting the ICD controversy.

Science.gov (United States)

Boilson, Barry A; Durham, Lucian A; Park, Soon J

2012-01-01

Left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) provide an effective means of managing advanced pump failure as a means of bridging to cardiac transplantation or as permanent therapy. Although ventricular arrhythmias remain common post-LVAD implantation, such therapy may allow malignant arrhythmias to be tolerated hemodynamically. This report describes the clinical findings in a patient who had likely been in a ventricular tachyarrhythmia for several days and presented in ventricular fibrillation, ambulatory, and mentating normally. This report, with previous similar reports, is additive to the body of evidence that LVADs alter the physiologic impact of ventricular arrhythmias in advanced heart failure and highlights the need for thoughtful programming of implantable cardioverter defibrillator therapies in these patients.

Action potential conduction between a ventricular cell model and an isolated ventricular cell

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Wilders, R.; Kumar, R.; Joyner, R. W.; Jongsma, H. J.; Verheijck, E. E.; Golod, D.; van Ginneken, A. C.; Goolsby, W. N.

1996-01-01

We used the Luo and Rudy (LR) mathematical model of the guinea pig ventricular cell coupled to experimentally recorded guinea pig ventricular cells to investigate the effects of geometrical asymmetry on action potential propagation. The overall correspondence of the LR cell model with the recorded

The helical ventricular myocardial band: global, three-dimensional, functional architecture of the ventricular myocardium.

Science.gov (United States)

Kocica, Mladen J; Corno, Antonio F; Carreras-Costa, Francesc; Ballester-Rodes, Manel; Moghbel, Mark C; Cueva, Clotario N C; Lackovic, Vesna; Kanjuh, Vladimir I; Torrent-Guasp, Francisco

2006-04-01

We are currently witnessing the advent of new diagnostic tools and therapies for heart diseases, but, without serious scientific consensus on fundamental questions about normal and diseased heart structure and function. During the last decade, three successive, international, multidisciplinary symposia were organized in order to setup fundamental research principles, which would allow us to make a significant step forward in understanding heart structure and function. Helical ventricular myocardial band of Torrent-Guasp is the revolutionary new concept in understanding global, three-dimensional, functional architecture of the ventricular myocardium. This concept defines the principal, cumulative vectors, integrating the tissue architecture (i.e. form) and net forces developed (i.e. function) within the ventricular mass. Here we expose the compendium of Torrent-Guasp's half-century long functional anatomical investigations in the light of ongoing efforts to define the integrative approach, which would lead to new understanding of the ventricular form and function by linking across multiple scales of biological organization, as defined in ongoing Physiome project. Helical ventricular myocardial band of Torrent-Guasp may also, hopefully, allow overcoming some difficulties encountered in contemporary efforts to create a comprehensive mathematical model of the heart.

Application of radionuclide ventriculography phase analysis in patients with atrial or ventricular pacing for detecting ventricular abnormal excitation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Shi Rongfang; Wang Zhonggan; Li Shengting

1996-01-01

The aim of the study was to increase the accuracy of detecting ventricular abnormal excitation. During atrial or ventricular pacing, radionuclide ventriculography phase analysis (RNV-PA) was performed in 17 patients with Wolff-Parkinson-White (W-P-W) syndrome and paroxysmal supra ventricular tachycardia (PSVT) and ventricular tachycardia (PVT). During pacing, detection rate of abnormal excitation by RNV-PA was 95.5%, compared with 68.2% during basic conduction. Atrial or ventricular pacing can significantly increase the detection rate of abnormal excitation by RNV-PA in patients with W-P-W syndrome. It may be a valuable method for identifying the abnormal excitation and estimating the therapeutic effect of ablation

Effect of right ventricular electrode location (outflow tract vs. apex) on mechanical Ventricular synchrony in patients that underwent pacemaker implant therapy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Rincon, Oscar S; Saenz, Luis C; Salazar, Gabriel; Hernandez, Edgar

2008-01-01

Objective: to assess in depth the effect of ventricular stimulation from the right ventricular outflow tract and the apex on mechanical ventricular synchrony. Materials And Methods: cohort analytical study. 20 patients with indication of definitive pacemaker indication underwent trans thoracic echocardiogram before and after pacemaker implant with electrode implantation in the right ventricular outflow tract and in the apex (10 patients in each group). There was no structural cardiopathy, ejection fraction was ? 50%, QRS and AV conduction were normal. Mechanical ventricular asynchrony (M mode and tissue doppler) and implant and device parameters were evaluated. Statistical Analysis: results are given as mean values, standard deviation or percentages.Continuous variables were compared using Chi-square test and ANOVA. A p <0.05 value was considered statistically significant. Results: in five patients (25%) a pre-implant ventricular asynchrony was found; in seven (70%) ventricular asynchrony post-implant in the right ventricle outflow tract and in 5 (50%) in the apex. Mean interventricular pot-implant delay was 21,6 ms in the right ventricular outflow tract and 11,5 ms in the apex (p = 0,8); mean septal to lateral wall delay was 73 ms in the right ventricular outflow tract and 26 ms in the apex (p = 0,8). QRS post-implant delay was 134 ms in the right ventricular outflow tract and 140 ms in the apex (p = 0,1). No differences between implant parameters and device programming were found. Conclusions: presence of ventricular asynchrony was evidenced in patients with normal QRS and structurally healthy heart. Ventricular stimulation with pacemaker from the apex or the right ventricular outflow tract suggests acute ventricular asynchrony at least in 60% of the cases, without statistically significant difference between both groups.

Ventricular Effective Refraction Period and Ventricular Repolarization Analysis in Experimental Tachycardiomyopathy in Swine.

Science.gov (United States)

Noszczyk-Nowak, Agnieszka; Pasławska, Urszula; Gajek, Jacek; Janiszewski, Adrian; Pasławski, Robert; Zyśko, Dorota; Nicpoń, Józef

2016-01-01

Swine are recognized animal models of human cardiovascular diseases. However, little is known on the CHF-associated changes in the electrophysiological ventricular parameters of humans and animals. The aim of this study was to analyze changes in the durations of ventricular effective refraction period (VERP), QT and QTc intervals of pigs with chronic tachycardia-induced tachycardiomyopathy (TIC). The study was comprised of 28 adult pigs (8 females and 20 males) of the Polish Large White breed. A one-chamber pacemaker was implanted in each of the 28 pigs. Electrocardiographic, echocardiographic and electrophysiological studies were carried out prior to the pacemaker implantation and at subsequent 4-week intervals. All electrocardiographic, echocardiographic and short electrophysiological study measurements in all swine were done under general anesthesia (propofol) after premedication with midazolam, medetomidine, and ketamine. No significant changes in the duration of QT interval and corrected QT interval (QTc) were observed during consecutive weeks of the experiment. The duration of the QTc interval of female pigs was shown to be significantly longer than that of the males throughout the whole study period. Beginning from the 12th week of rapid ventricular pacing, a significant increase in duration of VERP was observed in both male and female pigs. Males and females did not differ significantly in terms of VERP duration determined throughout the whole study period. Ventricular pacing, stimulation with 2 and 3 premature impulses at progressively shorter coupling intervals and an imposed rhythm of 130 bpm or 150 bpm induced transient ventricular tachycardia in one female pig and four male pigs. One episode of permanent ventricular tachycardia was observed. The number of induced arrhythmias increased proportionally to the severity of heart failure and duration of the experiment. However, relatively aggressive protocols of stimulation were required in order to induce

Ventricular arrhythmias in Chagas disease

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Marco Paulo Tomaz Barbosa

2015-02-01

Full Text Available Sudden death is one of the most characteristic phenomena of Chagas disease, and approximately one-third of infected patients develop life-threatening heart disease, including malignant ventricular arrhythmias. Fibrotic lesions secondary to chronic cardiomyopathy produce arrhythmogenic substrates that lead to the appearance and maintenance of ventricular arrhythmias. The objective of this study is to discuss the main clinical and epidemiological aspects of ventricular arrhythmias in Chagas disease, the specific workups and treatments for these abnormalities, and the breakthroughs needed to determine a more effective approach to these arrhythmias. A literature review was performed via a search of the PubMed database from 1965 to May 31, 2014 for studies of patients with Chagas disease. Clinical management of patients with chronic Chagas disease begins with proper clinical stratification and the identification of individuals at a higher risk of sudden cardiac death. Once a patient develops malignant ventricular arrhythmia, the therapeutic approach aims to prevent the recurrence of arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death by the use of implantable cardioverter defibrillators, antiarrhythmic drugs, or both. In select cases, invasive ablation of the reentrant circuit causing tachycardia may be useful. Ventricular arrhythmias are important manifestations of Chagas cardiomyopathy. This review highlights the absence of high-quality evidence regarding the treatment of ventricular arrhythmias in Chagas disease. Recognizing high-risk patients who require specific therapies, especially invasive procedures such as the implantation of cardioverter defibrillators and ablative approaches, is a major challenge in clinical practice.

Evaluation of Right Ventricular Function with Radionuclide Cardiac Angiography - Right Ventricular Ejection Fraction in Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sohn, In; Shin, Sung Hae; Chung, June Key; Lee, Myung Chul; Cho, Bo Youn; Lee, Young Woo; Han, Yong Cheol; Koh, Chang Soon

1982-01-01

To evaluate the usefulness of radionuclide cardiac angiography in the assessment of the right ventricular function, we measured right ventricular ejection fraction (RVEF) using single pass method. In 12 normal persons, RVEF averaged 52.7±5.9% (mean±S.D.). In 25 patients with chronic obstructive lung disease, RVEF was 37.2±10.6% and significantly lower than that of normal person (p<0.01). All 10 patients with right ventricular failure had abnormal RVEF, which was significantly lower than that of 14 persons without right ventricular failure (27.6±5.7%, 43.9±8.5%, respectively, p<0.01). It concluded that RVEF measured by single pass radionuclide cardiac angiography was a useful, noninvasive method to assess right ventricular function.

Detection of left ventricular thrombi by computerised tomography

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Nair, C.K.; Sketch, M.H.; Mahoney, P.D.; Lynch, J.D.; Mooss, A.N.; Kenney, N.P.

1981-01-01

Sixteen patients suspected of having left ventricular mural thrombi were studied. All had suffered transmural myocardial infarction. Fifteen patients had a ventricular aneurysm. One had had systemic emboli. The mean length of time between the myocardial infarction and the study was 14.8 months, with a range of one month to 79 months. All patients underwent computerised tomography of the heart, M-mode echocardiography (M-mode), and two-dimensional echocardiography (2-D). Eight patients underwent left ventricular cineangiography. Five patients had surgical confirmation. Computerised tomography, two-dimensional, and M-mode echocardiography predicted left ventricular mural thrombi in 10, eight, and one of the 16 patients, respectively. Left ventricular cineangiography predicted left ventricular mural thrombi in four out of eight patients. Computerised tomography and left ventricular cineangiography correctly predicted the presence or absence of left ventricular thrombi in all five patients who underwent operation. In the same group, however, two-dimensional and M-mode echocardiography failed to predict the presence of thrombi in one and three patients, respectively. Among the 11 patients without surgical confirmation, one, in whom no left ventricular thrombi were shown by M-mode and two-dimensional echocardiography, was found to have thrombi on computerised tomography. In another, two-dimensional echocardiography was positive but this finding was not confirmed either by computerised tomography or by left ventricular angiography. (author)

Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Vignolo Puglia, W.; Freire Colla, D.; Rivara Urrutia, D.; Lujambio Grene, M.; Arbiza Bruno, T.; Oliveira, G.; Cobas Rodriguez, J.

1997-01-01

The arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia is a condition predominantly well defined with arrhythmic events. We analyze three cases diagnosed by the group. These cases were presented as ventricular tachycardia with a morphology of left bundle branch block, presenting one of them aborted sudden death in evolution. The baseline electrocardiogram and signal averaging were abnormal in two of the three cases, like the echocardiogram. The electrophysiological study was able to induce in the three patients with sustained monomorphic ventricular tachycardia morphology of left bundle branch block. The definitive diagnosis was made by right ventriculography in two cases and magnetic resonance imaging in the other. Treatment included antiarrhythmic drugs in the three cases and the placement of an automatic defibrillator which survived a sudden death (Author)

Isolated left ventricular non-compaction cardiomyopathy associated with polymorphous ventricular tachycardia mimicking torsades de pointes

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Oana Dickinson

2013-02-01

Full Text Available Left ventricular non-compaction (LVNC cardiomyopathy is a rare congenital disorder, classified by the American Heart Association as a primary genetic cardiomyopathy and characterized by multiple trabeculations within the left ventricle. LVNC cardiomyopathy has been associated with 3 major clinical manifestations: heart failure, atrial and ventricular arrhythmias and thromboembolic events, including stroke. In this case report, we describe a female patient with apparently isolated LVNC in whom pause-dependent polymorphic ventricular tachycardia suggesting torsades de pointes occurred in the presence of a normal QT interval.

Two-dimensional echocardiographic features of right ventricular infarction

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

D'Arcy, B.; Nanda, N.C.

1982-01-01

Real-time, two-dimensional echocardiographic studies were performed in 10 patients with acute myocardial infarction who had clinical features suggestive of right ventricular involvement. All patients showed right ventricular wall motion abnormalities. In the four-chamber view, seven patients showed akinesis of the entire right ventricular diaphragmatic wall and three showed akinesis of segments of the diaphragmatic wall. Segmental dyskinetic areas involving the right ventricular free wall were identified in four patients. One patient showed a large right ventricular apical aneurysm. Other echocardiographic features included enlargement of the right ventricle in eight cases, paradoxical ventricular septal motion in seven cases, tricuspid incompetence in eight cases, dilation of the stomach in four cases and localized pericardial effusion in two cases. Right ventricular infarction was confirmed by radionuclide methods in seven patients, at surgery in one patient and at autopsy in two patients

Decanoato de nandrolona aumenta a parede ventricular esquerda, mas atenua o aumento da cavidade provocado pelo treinamento de natação em ratos

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Maísa Carvalho Rezende Soares

2011-12-01

Full Text Available Os esteroides anabólicos androgênicos (EAAs são drogas sintetizadas a partir da testosterona. Sua ação anabólica deve-se principalmente ao aumento da síntese e redução na degradação das proteínas musculares. Este trabalho investiga os efeitos do treinamento de natação associado ao tratamento com decanoato de nandrolona sobre a pressão arterial, as dimensões cardíacas e reatividade vascular. Quarenta ratos Wistar machos, com idade de 60 dias, foram divididos em quatro grupos (n = 10: sedentário (SN, sedentário tratado (ST, treinados (TN e treinados tratados (TT. Animais TN e TT realizaram um treinamento de natação durante 12 semanas, enquanto os animais ST e TT receberam decanoato de nandrolona semanalmente (15mg/kg. O coração e os testículos foram removidos e pesados. O diâmetro da cavidade do ventrículo esquerdo (DcVE e a espessura da parede ventricular (EspVE foram medidos com um paquímetro eletrônico. A pressão arterial sistólica (PAS e a pressão arterial diastólica (PAD foram medidas semanalmente; ainda, foi estudada a reatividade vascular das artérias mesentéricas em resposta à noradrenalina. Em nosso trabalho não houve alterações no peso do coração; no entanto, verificamos aumento no DcVE (p < 0,05 em ratos TN, enquanto a EspVE aumentou (p < 0,05 nos ratos ST e TT, ambos em relação ao SN. O peso do testículo diminuiu (p < 0,05 em ST e TT em relação a SN. Tanto a pressão arterial quanto a reatividade vascular não foram alteradas. Concluímos que o treinamento de natação aumentou o diâmetro da cavidade ventricular esquerda, enquanto o tratamento com decanoato de nandrolona aumentou a espessura da parede ventricular esquerda, sugerindo uma hipertrofia concêntrica

Exercise thallium testing in ventricular preexcitation

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Archer, S.; Gornick, C.; Grund, F.; Shafer, R.; Weir, E.K.

1987-05-01

Ventricular preexcitation, as seen in Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome, results in a high frequency of positive exercise electrocardiographic responses. Why this occurs is unknown but is not believed to reflect myocardial ischemia. Exercise thallium testing is often used for noninvasive assessment of coronary artery disease in patients with conditions known to result in false-positive electrocardiographic responses. To assess the effects of ventricular preexcitation on exercise thallium testing, 8 men (aged 42 +/- 4 years) with this finding were studied. No subject had signs or symptoms of coronary artery disease. Subjects exercised on a bicycle ergometer to a double product of 26,000 +/- 2,000 (+/- standard error of mean). All but one of the subjects had at least 1 mm of ST-segment depression. Tests were terminated because of fatigue or dyspnea and no patient had chest pain. Thallium test results were abnormal in 5 patients, 2 of whom had stress defects as well as abnormally delayed thallium washout. One of these subjects had normal coronary arteries on angiography with a negative ergonovine challenge, and both had normal exercise radionuclide ventriculographic studies. Delayed thallium washout was noted in 3 of the subjects with ventricular preexcitation and normal stress images. This study suggests that exercise thallium testing is frequently abnormal in subjects with ventricular preexcitation. Ventricular preexcitation may cause dyssynergy of ventricular activation, which could alter myocardial thallium handling, much as occurs with left bundle branch block. Exercise radionuclide ventriculography may be a better test for noninvasive assessment of coronary artery disease in patients with ventricular preexcitation.

Exercise thallium testing in ventricular preexcitation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Archer, S.; Gornick, C.; Grund, F.; Shafer, R.; Weir, E.K.

1987-01-01

Ventricular preexcitation, as seen in Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome, results in a high frequency of positive exercise electrocardiographic responses. Why this occurs is unknown but is not believed to reflect myocardial ischemia. Exercise thallium testing is often used for noninvasive assessment of coronary artery disease in patients with conditions known to result in false-positive electrocardiographic responses. To assess the effects of ventricular preexcitation on exercise thallium testing, 8 men (aged 42 +/- 4 years) with this finding were studied. No subject had signs or symptoms of coronary artery disease. Subjects exercised on a bicycle ergometer to a double product of 26,000 +/- 2,000 (+/- standard error of mean). All but one of the subjects had at least 1 mm of ST-segment depression. Tests were terminated because of fatigue or dyspnea and no patient had chest pain. Thallium test results were abnormal in 5 patients, 2 of whom had stress defects as well as abnormally delayed thallium washout. One of these subjects had normal coronary arteries on angiography with a negative ergonovine challenge, and both had normal exercise radionuclide ventriculographic studies. Delayed thallium washout was noted in 3 of the subjects with ventricular preexcitation and normal stress images. This study suggests that exercise thallium testing is frequently abnormal in subjects with ventricular preexcitation. Ventricular preexcitation may cause dyssynergy of ventricular activation, which could alter myocardial thallium handling, much as occurs with left bundle branch block. Exercise radionuclide ventriculography may be a better test for noninvasive assessment of coronary artery disease in patients with ventricular preexcitation

Idiopathic ventricular tachycardia and fibrillation.

Science.gov (United States)

Belhassen, B; Viskin, S

1993-06-01

Important data have recently been added to our understanding of sustained ventricular tachyarrhythmias occurring in the absence of demonstrable heart disease. Idiopathic ventricular tachycardia (VT) is usually of monomorphic configuration and can be classified according to its site of origin as either right monomorphic (70% of all idiopathic VTs) or left monomorphic VT. Several physiopathological types of monomorphic VT can be presently individualized, according to their mode of presentation, their relationship to adrenergic stress, or their response to various drugs. The long-term prognosis is usually good. Idiopathic polymorphic VT is a much rarer type of arrhythmia with a less favorable prognosis. Idiopathic ventricular fibrillation may represent an underestimated cause of sudden cardiac death in ostensibly healty patients. A high incidence of inducibility of sustained polymorphic VT with programmed ventricular stimulation has been found by our group, but not by others. Long-term prognosis on Class IA antiarrhythmic medications that are highly effective at electrophysiologic study appears excellent.

Left Ventricular Function Improves after Pulmonary Valve Replacement in Patients with Previous Right Ventricular Outflow Tract Reconstruction and Biventricular Dysfunction

Science.gov (United States)

Kane, Colin; Kogon, Brian; Pernetz, Maria; McConnell, Michael; Kirshbom, Paul; Rodby, Katherine; Book, Wendy M.

2011-01-01

Congenital heart defects that have a component of right ventricular outflow tract obstruction, such as tetralogy of Fallot, are frequently palliated in childhood by disruption of the pulmonary valve. Although this can provide an initial improvement in quality of life, these patients are often left with severe pulmonary valve insufficiency. Over time, this insufficiency can lead to enlargement of the right ventricle and to the deterioration of right ventricular systolic and diastolic function. Pulmonary valve replacement in these patients decreases right ventricular volume overload and improves right ventricular performance. To date, few studies have examined the effects of pulmonary valve replacement on left ventricular function in patients with biventricular dysfunction. We sought to perform such an evaluation. Records of adult patients who had undergone pulmonary valve replacement from January 2003 through November 2006 were analyzed retrospectively. We reviewed preoperative and postoperative echocardiograms and calculated left ventricular function in 38 patients. In the entire cohort, the mean left ventricular ejection fraction increased by a mean of 0.07 after pulmonary valve replacement, which was a statistically significant change (P < 0.01). In patients with preoperative ejection fractions of less than 0.50, mean ejection fractions increased by 0.10. We conclude that pulmonary valve replacement in patients with biventricular dysfunction arising from severe pulmonary insufficiency and right ventricular enlargement can improve left ventricular function. Prospective studies are needed to verify this finding. PMID:21720459

The right ventricular response to ventricular hypofunction in anteroseptal infarction

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kanayama, Sugako

1992-01-01

Thirty-seven patients with acute anteroseptal infarction but not significant right coronary artery stenosis were examined by using thallium-201 (Tl-201) myocardial perfusion SPECT to determine how the right ventricular (RV) free wall responded to a severely impaired ventricular septum. The patients were divided into the group in which RV free wall was visualized on Tl-201 myocardial SPECT (n=19, RV(+) Group) and the group in which it was not visualized (n=18, RV(-) Group). The relationship between visualization of RV free wall and both RV and left ventricular (LV) function was evaluated. RV(+) Group had larger extent of anteroseptal necrosis and severer impairment of RV free wall, as compared with RV(-) Group. LV ejection fraction (LVEF) was significantly lower in RV(+) Group than RV(-) Group in both acute and chronic phases. Although RV ejection fraction (RVEF) in acute phase was significantly lower in RV(+) Group than RV(-) Group, it did not differ in chronic phase between the two groups. In RV(+) Group, RV stroke work index (RVSWI), pulmonary artery end diastolic pressure (PAEDP), and mean pulmonary artery pressure (MPA) in chronic phase showed a statistically significant increase compared with those in acute phase; these hemodynamic variables in chronic phase were also significantly higher than those in RV(-) Group. RV/LV ratio inversely correlated with LVEF, and both necrotic extent and impairment severity positively correlated with both PAEDP and MPA. RV free wall could be visualized more clearly, corresponding to extremely decreased LV function. These findings suggest that RV free wall may play an important role in maintaining LV and RV function when ventricular septum is severely impaired by anteroseptal infarction. (N.K.)

β1-Adrenoceptor blocker aggravated ventricular arrhythmia.

Science.gov (United States)

Wang, Yan; Patel, Dimpi; Wang, Dao Wu; Yan, Jiang Tao; Hsia, Henry H; Liu, Hao; Zhao, Chun Xia; Zuo, Hou Juan; Wang, Dao Wen

2013-11-01

To assess the impact of β1 -adrenoceptor blockers (β1 -blocker) and isoprenaline on the incidence of idiopathic repetitive ventricular arrhythmia that apparently decreases with preprocedural anxiety. From January 2010 to July 2012, six patients were identified who had idiopathic ventricular arrhythmias that apparently decreased (by greater than 90%) with preprocedural anxiety. The number of ectopic ventricular beats per hour (VPH) was calculated from Holter or telemetry monitoring to assess the ectopic burden. The mean VPH of 24 hours from Holter before admission (VPH-m) was used as baseline (100%) for normalization. β1 -Blockers, isoprenaline, and/or aminophylline were administrated successively on the ward and catheter lab to evaluate their effects on the ventricular arrhythmias. Among 97 consecutive patients with idiopathic ventricular arrhythmias, six had reduction in normalized VPHs in the hour before the scheduled procedure time from (104.6 ± 4.6%) to (2.8 ± 1.6%) possibly due to preprocedural anxiety (P < 0.05), then increased to (97.9 ± 9.7%) during β1 -blocker administration (P < 0.05), then quickly reduced to (1.6 ± 1.0%) during subsequent isoprenaline infusion. Repeated β1 -blocker quickly counteracted the inhibitory effect of isoprenaline, and VPHs increased to (120.9 ± 2.4%) from (1.6 ± 1.0%; P < 0.05). Isoprenaline and β1 -blocker showed similar effects on the arrhythmias in catheter lab. In some patients with structurally normal heart and ventricular arrhythmias there is a marked reduction of arrhythmias associated with preprocedural anxiety. These patients exhibit a reproducible sequence of β1 -blocker aggravation and catecholamine inhibition of ventricular arrhythmias, including both repetitive ventricular premature beats and monomorphic ventricular tachycardia. ©2013, The Authors. Journal compilation ©2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Left Ventricular Myocardial Function in Children With Pulmonary Hypertension: Relation to Right Ventricular Performance and Hemodynamics.

Science.gov (United States)

Burkett, Dale A; Slorach, Cameron; Patel, Sonali S; Redington, Andrew N; Ivy, D Dunbar; Mertens, Luc; Younoszai, Adel K; Friedberg, Mark K

2015-08-01

Through ventricular interdependence, pulmonary hypertension (PH) induces left ventricular (LV) dysfunction. We hypothesized that LV strain/strain rate, surrogate measures of myocardial contractility, are reduced in pediatric PH and relate to invasive hemodynamics, right ventricular strain, and functional measures of PH. At 2 institutions, echocardiography was prospectively performed in 54 pediatric PH patients during cardiac catheterization, and in 54 matched controls. Patients with PH had reduced LV global longitudinal strain (LS; -18.8 [-17.3 to -20.4]% versus -20.2 [-19.0 to -20.9]%; P=0.0046) predominantly because of reduced basal (-12.9 [-10.8 to -16.3]% versus -17.9 [-14.5 to -20.7]%; Pright ventricular free-wall LS (r=0.64; PBrain natriuretic peptide levels correlated moderately with septal LS (r=0.48; P=0.0038). PH functional class correlated moderately with LV free-wall LS (r=-0.48; P=0.0051). The septum, shared between ventricles and affected by septal shift, was the most affected LV region in PH. Pediatric PH patients demonstrate reduced LV strain/strain rate, predominantly within the septum, with relationships to invasive hemodynamics, right ventricular strain, and functional PH measures. © 2015 American Heart Association, Inc.

Resolving the True Ventricular Mural Architecture

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Robert S. Stephenson

2018-06-01

Full Text Available The precise nature of packing together of the cardiomyocytes within the ventricular walls has still to be determined. The spiraling nature of the chains of interconnected cardiomyocytes has long been recognized. As long ago as the end of the nineteenth century, Pettigrew had emphasized that the ventricular cone was not arranged on the basis of skeletal muscle. Despite this guidance, subsequent anatomists described entities such as “bulbo-spiral muscles”, with this notion of subunits culminating in the suggestion that the ventricular cone could be unwrapped so as to produce a “ventricular myocardial band”. Others, in contrast, had suggested that the ventricular walls were arranged on the basis of “sheets”, or more recently “sheetlets”, with investigators seeking to establishing the angulation of these entities using techniques such as magnetic resonance imaging. Our own investigations, in contrast, have shown that the cardiomyocytes are aggregated together within the supporting fibrous matrix so as to produce a three-dimensional myocardial mesh. In this review, we summarize the previous accounts, and provide the anatomical evidence we have thus far accumulated to support the model of the myocardial mesh. We show how these anatomic findings underscore the concept of the myocardial mesh functioning in antagonistic fashion. They lend evidence to support the notion that the ventricular myocardium works as a muscular hydrostat.

Right ventricular involvement in cardiac sarcoidosis demonstrated with cardiac magnetic resonance.

Science.gov (United States)

Smedema, Jan-Peter; van Geuns, Robert-Jan; Ainslie, Gillian; Ector, Joris; Heidbuchel, Hein; Crijns, Harry J G M

2017-11-01

Cardiac involvement in sarcoidosis is reported in up to 30% of patients. Left ventricular involvement demonstrated by contrast-enhanced cardiac magnetic resonance has been well validated. We sought to determine the prevalence and distribution of right ventricular late gadolinium enhancement in patients diagnosed with pulmonary sarcoidosis. We prospectively evaluated 87 patients diagnosed with pulmonary sarcoidosis with contrast-enhanced cardiac magnetic resonance for right ventricular involvement. Pulmonary artery pressures were non-invasively evaluated with Doppler echocardiography. Patient characteristics were compared between the groups with and without right ventricular involvement, and right ventricular enhancement was correlated with pulmonary hypertension, ventricular mass, volume, and systolic function. Left ventricular late gadolinium enhancement was demonstrated in 30 patients (34%). Fourteen patients (16%) had right ventricular late gadolinium enhancement, with sole right ventricular enhancement in only two patients. The pattern of right ventricular enhancement consisted of right ventricular outflow tract enhancement in 1 patient, free wall enhancement in 8 patients, ventricular insertion point enhancement in 10 patients, and enhancement of the right side of the interventricular septum in 11 patients. Pulmonary arterial hypertension correlated with the presence of right ventricular enhancement (P Right ventricular enhancement correlated with systolic ventricular dysfunction (P Right ventricular enhancement was present in 16% of patients diagnosed with pulmonary sarcoidosis and in 48% of patients with left ventricular enhancement. The presence of right ventricular enhancement correlated with pulmonary arterial hypertension, right ventricular systolic dysfunction, hypertrophy, and dilation. © 2017 The Authors. ESC Heart Failure published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of the European Society of Cardiology.

Correção cirúrgica para reversão de operação de Senning em caso de falência ventricular direita Surgical correction for atrial inversion in Senning operation in case of right ventricular dysfunction

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Adib D Jatene

1991-04-01

Full Text Available Os autores apresentam uma nova proposta para tratar disfunção do ventrículo direito no pós-operatório tardio da transposição das grandes artérias associada a grande comunicação interventricular e que tenha sido tratada pela inversão em nível atrial. Apresentam o caso de um paciente com 12 anos de idade, que havia sido submetido a operação de Senning associada a fechamento de comunicação interventricular e alivio de estenose pulmonar há 8 anos. A operação de Senning foi desfeita, restabelecendo-se a concordância atrioventricular, o remendo que fechava a comunicação interventricular foi ressecado, conectando-se a aorta com o ventrículo esquerdo. A artéria pulmonar foi seccionada transversalmente, próximo ao plano valvar. O coto proximal foi suturado e o distai, conectado ao ventrículo direito através de tubo valvulado de pericárdio bovino. A evolução foi satisfatória, revertendo-se a situação do paciente do grupo funcional IV para grupo I/II.A new proposal for the treatment of right ventricular dysfunction in late postoperative period of patients submitted to Senning operation is presented. The technique could be used in cases originally with transposition of the great arteries associated with pulmonary stenosis and a large VSD. A 12-year-old patient, who had been submitted, 8 years before, to an atrial inversion associated with closure of a large VSD and relieve of a pulmonary stonosis was submitted to this new operation. Senning operation was undone thus reestablishing atrio-ventricular concordance; the patch used for closure of VSD was removed, and the aorta was connected to the left-ventricle. Pulmonary artery was cut transversally, adjacent to the valvar horizontal plane. The proximal extremity was sutured and the distal was connected to the right ventricle through a valvar tube graft of bovine pericardium. The clinical course was uneventful and the patient improved from functional class IV to I/II.

Impact of the right ventricular lead position on clinical outcome and on the incidence of ventricular tachyarrhythmias in patients with CRT-D

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Kutyifa, Valentina; Bloch Thomsen, Poul Erik; Huang, David T.

2013-01-01

Data on the impact of right ventricular (RV) lead location on clinical outcome and ventricular tachyarrhythmias in cardiac resynchronization therapy with defibrillator (CRT-D) patients are limited.......Data on the impact of right ventricular (RV) lead location on clinical outcome and ventricular tachyarrhythmias in cardiac resynchronization therapy with defibrillator (CRT-D) patients are limited....

Right ventricular strain in heart failure: Clinical perspective.

Science.gov (United States)

Tadic, Marijana; Pieske-Kraigher, Elisabeth; Cuspidi, Cesare; Morris, Daniel A; Burkhardt, Franziska; Baudisch, Ana; Haßfeld, Sabine; Tschöpe, Carsten; Pieske, Burket

2017-10-01

The number of studies demonstrating the importance of right ventricular remodelling in a wide range of cardiovascular diseases has increased in the past two decades. Speckle-tracking imaging provides new variables that give comprehensive information about right ventricular function and mechanics. In this review, we summarize current knowledge of right ventricular mechanics in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction and preserved ejection fraction. We searched PubMed, MEDLINE, Ovid and Embase databases for studies published from January 2000 to December 2016 in the English language using the following keywords: "right ventricle"; "strain"; "speckle tracking"; "heart failure with reduced ejection fraction"; and "heart failure with preserved ejection fraction". Investigations showed that right ventricular dysfunction is associated with higher cardiovascular and overall mortality in patients with heart failure, irrespective of ejection fraction. The number of studies investigating right ventricular strain in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction is constantly increasing, whereas data on right ventricular mechanics in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction are limited. Given the high feasibility, accuracy and clinical implications of right ventricular strain in the population with heart failure, it is of great importance to try to include the evaluation of right ventricular strain as a regular part of each echocardiographic examination in patients with heart failure. However, further investigations are necessary to establish right ventricular strain as a standard variable for decision-making. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

Right ventricular function in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kubota, Shuhei; Kubota, Sachio; Iwase, Takashi; Iizuka, Toshio; Imai, Susumu; Murata, Kazuhiko; Inoue, Tomio; Suzuki, Tadashi; Sasaki, Yasuhito.

1993-01-01

The characteristics and pathogenesis of right ventricular dysfunction in 14 patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) were investigated by equilibrium right ventricular blood pool scintigraphy using ultrashort-lifetime 81m Kr. Thirteen patients with severe left ventricular dysfunction due to old anterior myocardial infarction (OMI) and nine normal subjects were used as controls. The right ventricular end-diastolic pressure and volume index, mean pulmonary arterial pressure, and total pulmonary vascular resistance index were almost the same in the DCM and OMI patients. The right ventricular ejection fraction was 44.2±6.0% (mean±SD) in DCM patients and 47.1±7.9% in OMI patients, both significantly lower than those in the normal subjects (54.5±5.3%), but with no difference between the two case groups. The right ventricular peak filling rate was significantly reduced in both case groups as compared with the normal subjects (2.46±0.81 EDV/sec). The reduction was significantly greater (p 81m Kr blood pool scintigraphy is useful in the study of the right ventricular systolic and diastolic function. The diastolic parameters are more sensitive indicators for evaluation of right ventricular function in DCM than the systolic parameters. (author)

Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy in a dog : case report

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A.J. Möhr

2000-07-01

Full Text Available An 8-month-old Labrador retriever bitch was evaluated for sudden-onset, progressive abdominal distension. Physical examination revealed an exaggerated inspiratory effort, severe ascites, bilateral jugular vein distension, and hypokinetic femoral arterial pulses. Thoracic auscultation detected tachycardia with muffled heart sounds, without audible cardiac murmurs. Thoracic radiographs identified severe right ventricular enlargement and pleural effusion. The electrocardiogram was consistent with incomplete right bundle branch block or right ventricular enlargement. Echocardiography demonstrated severe right ventricular and atrial dilation, secondary tricuspid regurgitation, and thinning and hypocontractility of the right ventricular myocardium. Left heart chamber sizes were slightly decreased, with normal left ventricular contractility. Adiagnosis of arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy was reached, based on the characteristic clinical, electrocardiographic, radiographic and echocardiographic findings, and the exclusion of other causes of isolated right ventricular failure. Treatment effected good control of clinical signs, until acutely decompensated congestive right heart failure led to euthanasia after 4 months. Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy is a well-described clinical entity in humans, and has previously been documented in 3 male dogs. The condition is characterised by progressive fibro-adipose replacement of right ventricular myocardium, while the left ventricle usually remains unaffected. It should be considered a differential diagnosis in any young dog presented with isolated right heart failure, syncope, or unexplained ventricular tachyarrhythmias. This article reports the 1st case of arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy in a female dog, and highlights its echocardiographic features.

The influence of type 2 diabetes and gender on ventricular repolarization dispersion in patients with sub-clinic left ventricular diastolic dysfunction

OpenAIRE

Jani, Ylber; Kamberi, Ahmet; Xhunga, Sotir; Pocesta, Bekim; Ferati, Fatmir; Lala, Dali; Zeqiri, Agim; Rexhepi, Atila

2015-01-01

Objective: To assess the influence of type 2 DM and gender, on the QT dispersion, Tpeak-Tend dispersion of ventricular repolarization, in patients with sub-clinic left ventricular diastolic dysfunction of the heart. Background: QT dispersion, that reflects spatial inhomogeneity in ventricular repolarization, Tpeak-Tend dispersion, this on the other hand reflects transmural inhomogeneity in ventricular repolarization, that is increased in an early stage of cardiomyopathy, and in patients with ...

Is right ventricular mid-septal pacing superior to apical pacing in patients with high degree atrio-ventricular block and moderately depressed left ventricular function?

Science.gov (United States)

Chen, Kang; Mao, Ye; Liu, Shao-hua; Wu, Qiong; Luo, Qing-zhi; Pan, Wen-qi; Jin, Qi; Zhang, Ning; Ling, Tian-you; Chen, Ying; Gu, Gang; Shen, Wei-feng; Wu, Li-qun

2014-06-01

We are aimed to investigate whether right ventricular mid-septal pacing (RVMSP) is superior to conventional right ventricular apical pacing (RVAP) in improving clinical functional capacity and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) for patients with high-degree atrio-ventricular block and moderately depressed left ventricle (LV) function. Ninety-two patients with high-degree atrio-ventricular block and moderately reduced LVEF (ranging from 35% to 50%) were randomly allocated to RVMSP (n=45) and RVAP (n=47). New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class, echocardiographic LVEF, and distance during a 6-min walk test (6MWT) were determined at 18 months after pacemaker implantation. Serum levels of N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. Compared with baseline, NYHA functional class remained unchanged at 18 months, distance during 6MWT (485 m vs. 517 m) and LVEF (36.7% vs. 41.8%) were increased, but BNP levels were reduced (2352 pg/ml vs. 710 pg/ml) in the RVMSP group compared with those in the RVAP group, especially in patients with LVEF 35%-40% (for all comparisons, Pfunction capacity and LV function measurements were not significantly changed in patients with RVAP, despite the pacing measurements being similar in both groups, such as R-wave amplitude and capture threshold. RVMSP provides a better clinical utility, compared with RVAP, in patients with high-degree atrioventricular block and moderately depressed LV function whose LVEF levels ranged from 35% to 40%.

Noninvasive reconstruction of the three-dimensional ventricular activation sequence during pacing and ventricular tachycardia in the rabbit heart.

Science.gov (United States)

Han, Chengzong; Pogwizd, Steven M; Killingsworth, Cheryl R; He, Bin

2011-01-01

Ventricular arrhythmias represent one of leading causes for sudden cardiac death, a significant problem in public health. Noninvasive imaging of cardiac electric activities associated with ventricular arrhythmias plays an important role in better our understanding of the mechanisms and optimizing the treatment options. The present study aims to rigorously validate a novel three-dimensional (3-D) cardiac electrical imaging (3-DCEI) technique with the aid of 3-D intra-cardiac mapping during paced rhythm and ventricular tachycardia (VT) in the rabbit heart. Body surface potentials and intramural bipolar electrical recordings were simultaneously measured in a closed-chest condition in thirteen healthy rabbits. Single-site pacing and dual-site pacing were performed from ventricular walls and septum. VTs and premature ventricular complexes (PVCs) were induced by intravenous norepinephrine (NE). The non-invasively imaged activation sequence correlated well with invasively measured counterparts, with a correlation coefficient of 0.72 and a relative error of 0.30 averaged over all paced beats and NE-induced PVCs and VT beats. The averaged distance from imaged site of initial activation to measured site determined from intra-cardiac mapping was ∼5mm. These promising results suggest that 3-DCEI is feasible to non-invasively localize the origins and image activation sequence of focal ventricular arrhythmias.

A exposição crônica à fumaça do cigarro resulta em remodelação cardíaca e prejuízo da função ventricular em ratos Chronic cigarette smoke exposure results in cardiac remodeling and impaired ventricular function in rats

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Édson Castardeli

2005-04-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Determinar as alterações cardíacas estruturais e funcionais causadas pela exposição à fumaça do cigarro em ratos. MÉTODOS: Os animais foram aleatoriamente distribuídos em dois grupos: fumante (F, composto por 10 animais, expostos à fumaça do cigarro, na taxa de 40 cigarros/dia e controle (C, constituído por 10 animais não submetidos à exposição. Após 4 meses, os animais foram submetidos a estudo morfológico e funcional por meio do ecocardiograma. As variáveis estudadas foram analisadas pelo teste t ou pelo teste de Mann-Whitney. RESULTADOS: Os ratos fumantes apresentaram maior átrio esquerdo (F=4,2± 0,7mm; C=3,5±0,6mm; pOBJECTIVE: To determine the cardiac structural and functional alterations caused by cigarette smoke exposure in rats. METHODS: The animals were randomly distributed into the following 2 groups: 1 smokers (S, comprising 10 animals exposed to cigarette smoke at a rate of 40 cigarettes/day; and 2 control (C, comprising 10 animals not exposed to cigarette smoke. After 4 months, the animals underwent morphological and functional study with echocardiography. The variables studied were analyzed by use of the t test or the Mann-Whitney test. RESULTS: The smoking rats had a greater left atrium (S=4.2±0.7mm; C=3.5±0.6mm; P<0.05, and greater left ventricular diastolic (S=7.9±0.7mm; C=7.2±0.5mm; P<0.05 and systolic (S=4.1±0.5; C=3.4±0.5; P<0.05 diameters. The left ventricular mass index was greater in the smoking animals (S=1.5mg/kg±0.2; C=1.3mg/kg±0.2; P<0.05, and the ejection fraction (S=0.85±0.03; C=0.89±0.03; P<0.05 and the shortening fraction (S=47.8%±3.7; C=52.7%±4.6; P<0.05 were greater in the control group. No differences were observed in the diastolic transmitral flow variables (E wave, A wave, and E/A ratio. CONCLUSION: Chronic cigarette smoke exposure results in cardiac remodeling with a decrease in ventricular functional capacity.

Comunicação interatrial do tipo seio coronário, comunicação interventricular e ausência de veia cava superior esquerda Coronary sinus atrial septal defect and ventricular septal defect with no left superior vena cava

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Fábio Alves Almeida

1998-10-01

Full Text Available Relatamos um caso raro de um paciente de 21 meses, portador de comunicação interatrial do tipo seio coronário, associada a comunicação interventricular perimembranosa, e ausência de veia cava superior esquerda. O diagnóstico foi realizado através da ecocardiografia e confirmado pela angiografia. O paciente foi operado sem intercorrências, ambos os defeitos foram fechados com patch de pericárdio bovino e o fluxo das veias coronárias ficou direcionado para o átrio esquerdo. Um ecocardiograma mostrou ausência de shunt residual através dos defeitos.We report a rare case of a 21 month old child with a coronary sinus atrial septal defect associated with perimembranous ventricular septal defect and no left superior vena cava. The diagnosis was made by transthoracic echocardiogram and confirmed by angiography. The patient was operated on uneventfully, both defects were closed with bovine pericardial patches and the flow from the coronary veins was directed towards the left atrium. An echocardiogram revealed complete closure of both defects.

Delayed recovery of right ventricular systolic function after repair of long-standing tricuspid regurgitation associated with severe right ventricular failure.

Science.gov (United States)

Kim, Jong Hun; Kim, Kyung Hwa; Choi, Jong Bum; Kuh, Ja Hong

2016-03-01

After tricuspid valve surgery for long-standing tricuspid regurgitation associated with right ventricular failure, reverse remodelling of the enlarged right ventricle, including recovery of right ventricular systolic function, is unpredictable. We present the case of a 31-year old man with early reduction of dilated right ventricular dimensions and delayed recovery of impaired right ventricular systolic function after valve repair for traumatic tricuspid regurgitation lasting 16 years. © The Author 2015. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery. All rights reserved.

Right Ventricular Pseudoaneurysm Following Endomyocardial Biopsy.

Science.gov (United States)

Pita; Santos; Manteiga; Rodriguez; Beiras

1996-03-01

Ventricular perforation is an unusual complication after endomyocardial biopsy in heart transplanted patients. We report a case of asymptomatic right ventricular perforation and pseudoaneurysm formation, secondary to endomyocardial biopsy, diagnosed by angiography. The spontaneous obliteration of the pseudoaneurysm was observed.

Evaluation of right ventricular volumes measured by magnetic resonance imaging

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Møgelvang, J; Stubgaard, M; Thomsen, C

1988-01-01

stroke volume was calculated as the difference between end-diastolic and end-systolic volume and compared to left ventricular stroke volume and to stroke volume determined simultaneously by a classical indicator dilution technique. There was good agreement between right ventricular stroke volume......Right ventricular volumes were determined in 12 patients with different levels of right and left ventricular function by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) using an ECG gated multisection technique in planes perpendicular to the diastolic position of the interventricular septum. Right ventricular...... determined by MRI and by the indicator dilution method and between right and left ventricular stroke volume determined by MRI. Thus, MRI gives reliable values not only for left ventricular volumes, but also for right ventricular volumes. By MRI it is possible to obtain volumes from both ventricles...

Variações de parâmetros da função diastólica do ventrículo esquerdo de acordo com a idade através da ecocardiografia com Doppler tissular Changes in the parameters of left ventricular diastolic function according to age on tissue Doppler imaging

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Márcia Duarte Pedone

2004-12-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Determinar a correlação entre as velocidades diastólicas do Doppler tissular com a idade em amostra de adultos saudáveis, e correlacionar a idade com as velocidades do fluxo transmitral e de veias pulmonares. MÉTODOS: Estudados, através da ecocardiografia, 51 indivíduos saudáveis, com idades entre 21 e 69 anos e registradas as velocidades miocárdicas diastólicas ao Doppler tissular e determinadas as velocidades dos fluxos transmitral e venoso pulmonar. RESULTADOS: As velocidades miocárdicas diastólicas iniciais septal basal e lateral basal apresentaram correlação inversa com a idade, com r = - 0,40 (p = 0,004 e r = - 0,60 (p = 0,0001 respectivamente. As velocidades atriogênicas do Doppler tissular foram diretamente correlacionadas com a idade, sendo no segmento septal basal r = 0,56 (p = 0,0001 e no segmento lateral basal r = 0,50 (p = 0,0001. As velocidades do fluxo transmitral e do fluxo venoso pulmonar também mostraram correlação com a idade. CONCLUSÃO: Existe correlação entre a idade e as velocidades miocárdicas diastólicas do Doppler tissular e com as velocidades do fluxo transmitral e fluxo venoso pulmonar, demonstrando em indivíduos saudáveis uma variação de parâmetros da função diastólica do ventrículo esquerdo com a evolução natural da idade.OBJECTIVE: To determine the correlation between diastolic velocities on tissue Doppler imaging and age in a sample of healthy adults and to correlate age with the velocities of transmitral and pulmonary vein flows. METHODS: Echocardiographic assessment of 51 healthy individuals, whose ages ranged from 21 to 69 years. The diastolic myocardial velocities were recorded on tissue Doppler imaging. The velocities of the transmitral and pulmonary vein flows were also determined. RESULTS: The initial basal septal and basal lateral diastolic myocardial velocities showed an inverse correlation with age [r = - 0.40 (P = 0.004, and r = - 0.60 (P = 0.0001, respectively

Genetics Home Reference: arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy

Science.gov (United States)

... cardiomyopathy Merck Manual Consumer Version: Cardiomyopathy Merck Manual Consumer Version: Overview of Abnormal Heart Rhythms Orphanet: Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy Orphanet: Familial isolated arrhythmogenic right ventricular ...

Left Ventricular Assist Devices

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Khuansiri Narajeenron

2017-04-01

Full Text Available Audience: The audience for this classic team-based learning (cTBL session is emergency medicine residents, faculty, and students; although this topic is applicable to internal medicine and family medicine residents. Introduction: A left ventricular assist device (LVAD is a mechanical circulatory support device that can be placed in critically-ill patients who have poor left ventricular function. After LVAD implantation, patients have improved quality of life.1 The number of LVAD patients worldwide continues to rise. Left-ventricular assist device patients may present to the emergency department (ED with severe, life-threatening conditions. It is essential that emergency physicians have a good understanding of LVADs and their complications. Objectives: Upon completion of this cTBL module, the learner will be able to: 1 Properly assess LVAD patients’ circulatory status; 2 appropriately resuscitate LVAD patients; 3 identify common LVAD complications; 4 evaluate and appropriately manage patients with LVAD malfunctions. Method: The method for this didactic session is cTBL.

Falso aneurisma da artéria meníngea média importância do diagnóstico angiográfico: relato de caso

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Carlos A. M. Melro

1993-09-01

Full Text Available É objetivo deste artigo relatar o caso de um paciente com falso aneurisma da artéria meníngea média e fazer breve revisão da literatura sobre o assunto. O paciente, etilista e vítima de quedas frequentes, foi internado para investigação de sindrome convulsiva. Dentre os exames realizados observou-se, ao raio-X do crânio, fratura do osso temporal e, na carótido-angiografia comum, presença de dilatação aneurismática na artéria meníngea média em íntima relação com a fratura. O relato do caso se justifica visto a baixa frequência desta patologia e sua analogia com hematomas intracranianos de evolução atípica, bem como para salientar o papel da carótido-angiografia na avaliação de alguns casos de traumatismo crânio-encefálico.

The influence of type 2 diabetes and gender on ventricular repolarization dispersion in patients with sub-clinic left ventricular diastolic dysfunction.

Science.gov (United States)

Jani, Ylber; Kamberi, Ahmet; Xhunga, Sotir; Pocesta, Bekim; Ferati, Fatmir; Lala, Dali; Zeqiri, Agim; Rexhepi, Atila

2015-01-01

To assess the influence of type 2 DM and gender, on the QT dispersion, Tpeak-Tend dispersion of ventricular repolarization, in patients with sub-clinic left ventricular diastolic dysfunction of the heart. QT dispersion, that reflects spatial inhomogeneity in ventricular repolarization, Tpeak-Tend dispersion, this on the other hand reflects transmural inhomogeneity in ventricular repolarization, that is increased in an early stage of cardiomyopathy, and in patients with left ventricular diastolic dysfunction, as well. The left ventricular diastolic dysfunction, a basic characteristic of diabetic heart disease (diabetic cardiomyopathy), that developes earlier than systolic dysfunction, suggests that diastolic markers might be sensitive for early cardiac injury. It is also demonstrated that gender has complex influence on indices of myocardial repolarization abnormalities such as QT interval and QT dispersion. We performed an observational study including 300 diabetic patients with similar epidemiological-demographic characteristics recruited in our institution from May 2009 to July 2014, divided into two groups. Demographic and laboratory echocardiographic data were obtained, twelve lead resting electrocardiography, QT, QTc, Tpeak-Tend-intervals and dispersion, were determined manually, and were compared between various groups. For statistical analysis a t-test, X(2) test, and logistic regression are used according to the type of variables. A p value <0.05 was considered statistically significant for a confidence interval of 95%. QTc max. interval, QTc dispersion and Tpeak-Tend dispersion, were significantly higher in diabetic group with subclinical LV (left ventricular) diastolic dysfunction, than in diabetic group with normal left ventricular diastolic function (445.24±14.7 ms vs. 433.55±14.4 ms, P<0.000; 44.98±18.78 ms vs. 32.05±17.9 ms, P<0.000; 32.60±1.6 ms vs. 17.46±2.0 ms, P<0.02. Prolonged QTc max. interval was found in 33% of patients, indiabetic group

A Prospective Study of Ripple Mapping the Post-Infarct Ventricular Scar to Guide Substrate Ablation for Ventricular Tachycardia.

Science.gov (United States)

Luther, Vishal; Linton, Nick W F; Jamil-Copley, Shahnaz; Koa-Wing, Michael; Lim, Phang Boon; Qureshi, Norman; Ng, Fu Siong; Hayat, Sajad; Whinnett, Zachary; Davies, D Wyn; Peters, Nicholas S; Kanagaratnam, Prapa

2016-06-01

Post-infarct ventricular tachycardia is associated with channels of surviving myocardium within scar characterized by fractionated and low-amplitude signals usually occurring late during sinus rhythm. Conventional automated algorithms for 3-dimensional electro-anatomic mapping cannot differentiate the delayed local signal of conduction within the scar from the initial far-field signal generated by surrounding healthy tissue. Ripple mapping displays every deflection of an electrogram, thereby providing fully informative activation sequences. We prospectively used CARTO-based ripple maps to identify conducting channels as a target for ablation. High-density bipolar left ventricular endocardial electrograms were collected using CARTO3v4 in sinus rhythm or ventricular pacing and reviewed for ripple mapping conducting channel identification. Fifteen consecutive patients (median age 68 years, left ventricular ejection fraction 30%) were studied (6 month preprocedural implantable cardioverter defibrillator therapies: median 19 ATP events [Q1-Q3=4-93] and 1 shock [Q1-Q3=0-3]). Scar (ripple mapping conducting channels were seen within each scar (length 60 mm; initial component 0.44 mV; delayed component 0.20 mV; conduction 55 cm/s). Ablation was performed along all identified ripple mapping conducting channels (median 18 lesions) and any presumed interconnected late-activating sites (median 6 lesions; Q1-Q3=2-12). The diastolic isthmus in ventricular tachycardia was mapped in 3 patients and colocated within the ripple mapping conducting channels identified. Ventricular tachycardia was noninducible in 85% of patients post ablation, and 71% remain free of ventricular tachycardia recurrence at 6-month median follow-up. Ripple mapping can be used to identify conduction channels within scar to guide functional substrate ablation. © 2016 American Heart Association, Inc.

follow-up of patients with arrhythmogenic right ventricular

African Journals Online (AJOL)

was sudden, 1 patient died due to left ventricular failure, and ... Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy/ dysplasia .... hypertension and from atrial fibrillation that developed 2.4 .... of left ventricular function was global without regional ..... 99mTc he brain si before a acid (G minute his sem next 3 - his sem showed.

Remodelado ventricular y cirugía

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Ignacio Moriones

2008-01-01

Se han diseñado anillos mitrales como el de Carpentier- McCarthy-Adams (IMR ETlogix™ para pacientes isquémicos, o el Edwards-Geoform™ en miocardiopatías. La asistencia ventricular puede conseguir en determinados casos recuperación permanente del volumen de la cavidad y función ventricular, particularmente en miocarditis y determinadas miocardiopatías. Paralelamente, se han iniciado experiencias con el sistema de contención CorCap o el sistema Myosplint. Finalmente, la actuación sobre las valvulopatías y la revascularización favorecen la restauración ventricular.

Relationship of left ventricular systolic function to persistence or development of electrocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy in hypertensive patients

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Okin, Peter M; Wachtell, Kristian; Gerdts, Eva

2014-01-01

left ventricular systolic function in patients with new or persistent ECG LVH. METHODS: Baseline and year-3 ECG LVH and left ventricular midwall shortening (MWS) were examined in 725 hypertensive patients in the Losartan Intervention For Endpoint reduction in hypertension (LIFE) echocardiographic...... 1.03-3.50, P = 0.040) at year 3. CONCLUSION: Persistence or development of new ECG LVH during antihypertensive therapy is associated with an increased risk of left ventricular systolic dysfunction after 3 years' follow-up. These findings provide insight into a possible mechanism by which changes......BACKGROUND: Persistence or development of ECG left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) by Cornell product criteria is associated with an increased risk of developing heart failure compared with regression or continued absence of LVH. We postulated that this association might be in part mediated via worse...

Fibroblasts and the extracellular matrix in right ventricular disease.

Science.gov (United States)

Frangogiannis, Nikolaos G

2017-10-01

Right ventricular failure predicts adverse outcome in patients with pulmonary hypertension (PH), and in subjects with left ventricular heart failure and is associated with interstitial fibrosis. This review manuscript discusses the cellular effectors and molecular mechanisms implicated in right ventricular fibrosis. The right ventricular interstitium contains vascular cells, fibroblasts, and immune cells, enmeshed in a collagen-based matrix. Right ventricular pressure overload in PH is associated with the expansion of the fibroblast population, myofibroblast activation, and secretion of extracellular matrix proteins. Mechanosensitive transduction of adrenergic signalling and stimulation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone cascade trigger the activation of right ventricular fibroblasts. Inflammatory cytokines and chemokines may contribute to expansion and activation of macrophages that may serve as a source of fibrogenic growth factors, such as transforming growth factor (TGF)-β. Endothelin-1, TGF-βs, and matricellular proteins co-operate to activate cardiac myofibroblasts, and promote synthesis of matrix proteins. In comparison with the left ventricle, the RV tolerates well volume overload and ischemia; whether the right ventricular interstitial cells and matrix are implicated in these favourable responses remains unknown. Expansion of fibroblasts and extracellular matrix protein deposition are prominent features of arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathies and may be implicated in the pathogenesis of arrhythmic events. Prevailing conceptual paradigms on right ventricular remodelling are based on extrapolation of findings in models of left ventricular injury. Considering the unique embryologic, morphological, and physiologic properties of the RV and the clinical significance of right ventricular failure, there is a need further to dissect RV-specific mechanisms of fibrosis and interstitial remodelling. Published on behalf of the European Society of

Free and conjugated dopamine in human ventricular fluid

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sharpless, N.S.; Thal, L.J.; Wolfson, L.I.; Tabaddor, K.; Tyce, G.M.; Waltz, J.M.

1981-01-01

Free dopamine and an acid hydrolyzable conjugate of dopamine were measured in human ventricular fluid specimens with a radioenzymatic assay and by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with electrochemical detection. Only trace amounts of free norepinephrine and dopamine were detected in ventricular fluid from patients with movement disorders. When the ventricular fluid was hydrolyzed by heating in HClO 4 or by lyophilization in dilute HClO 4 , however, a substantial amount of free dopamine was released. Values for free plus conjugated dopamine in ventricular fluid from patients who had never taken L-DOPA ranged from 139 to 340 pg/ml when determined by HPLC and from 223 to 428 pg/ml when measured radioenzymatically. The correlation coefficient for values obtained by the two methods in the same sample of CSF was 0.94 (P<0.001). Patients who had been treated with L-DOPA had higher levels of conjugated dopamine in their ventricular CSF which correlated inversely with the time between the last dose of L-DOPA and withdrawal of the ventricular fluid. Additionally, one patient with acute cerebral trauma had elevated levels of free norepinephrine and both free and conjugated dopamine in his ventricular fluid. Conjugation may be an important inactivation pathway for released dopamine in man. (Auth.)

Alternative right ventricular pacing sites.

Science.gov (United States)

Łuciuk, Dariusz; Łuciuk, Marek; Gajek, Jacek

2015-01-01

The main adverse effect of chronic stimulation is stimulation-induced heart failure in case of ventricular contraction dyssynchrony. Because of this fact, new techniques of stimulation should be considered to optimize electrotherapy. One of these methods is pacing from alternative right ventricular sites. The purpose of this article is to review currently accumulated data about alternative sites of cardiac pacing. Medline and PubMed bases were used to search English and Polish reports published recently. Recent studies report a deleterious effect of long term apical pacing. It is suggested that permanent apical stimulation, by omitting physiological conduction pattern with His-Purkinie network, may lead to electrical and mechanical dyssynchrony of heart muscle contraction. In the long term this pathological situation can lead to severe heart failure and death. Because of this, scientists began to search for some alternative sites of cardiac pacing to reduce the deleterious effect of stimulation. Based on current accumulated data, it is suggested that the right ventricular outflow tract, right ventricular septum, direct His-bundle or biventricular pacing are better alternatives due to more physiological electrical impulse propagation within the heart and the reduction of the dyssynchrony effect. These methods should preserve a better left ventricular function and prevent the development of heart failure in permanent paced patients. As there is still not enough, long-term, randomized, prospective, cross-over and multicenter studies, further research is required to validate the benefits of using this kind of therapy. The article should pay attention to new sites of cardiac stimulation as a better and safer method of treatment.

Left ventricular apical ballooning syndrome

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Rahman, N.; Tai, J.; Soofi, A.

2007-01-01

The transient left ventricular apical ballooning syndrome, also known as Takotsubo cardiomyopathy, is characterized by transient left ventricular dysfunction in the absence of obstructive epicardial coronary disease. Although the syndrome has been reported in Japan since 1990, it is rare in other regions. Rapid recognition of the syndrome can modify the diagnostic and therapeutic attitude i.e. avoiding thrombolysis and performing catheterization in the acute phase. (author)

Parasympathetic neurons in the cranial medial ventricular fat pad on the dog heart selectively decrease ventricular contractility.

Science.gov (United States)

Dickerson, L W; Rodak, D J; Fleming, T J; Gatti, P J; Massari, V J; McKenzie, J C; Gillis, R A

1998-05-28

We hypothesized that selective control of ventricular contractility might be mediated by postganglionic parasympathetic neurons in the cranial medial ventricular (CMV) ganglion plexus located in a fat pad at the base of the aorta. Sinus rate, atrioventricular (AV) conduction (ventricular rate during atrial pacing), and left ventricular contractile force (LV dP/dt during right ventricular pacing) were measured in eight chloralose-anesthetized dogs both before and during bilateral cervical vagus stimulation (20-30 V, 0.5 ms pulses, 15-20 Hz). Seven of these dogs were tested under beta-adrenergic blockade (propranolol, 0.8 mg kg(-1) i.v.). Control responses included sinus node bradycardia or arrest during spontaneous rhythm, high grade AV block or complete heart block, and a 30% decrease in contractility from 2118 +/- 186 to 1526 +/- 187 mm Hg s(-1) (P 0.05) decrease in contractility but still elicited the same degree of sinus bradycardia and AV block (N = 8, P < 0.05). Five dogs were re-tested 3 h after trimethaphan fat pad injection, at which time blockade of vagally-induced negative inotropy was partially reversed, as vagal stimulation decreased LV dP/dt by 19%. The same dose of trimethaphan given either locally into other fat pads (PVFP or IVC-ILA) or systemically (i.v.) had no effect on vagally-induced negative inotropy. Thus, parasympathetic ganglia located in the CMV fat pad mediated a decrease in ventricular contractility during vagal stimulation. Blockade of the CMV fat pad had no effect on vagally-mediated slowing of sinus rate or AV conduction.

Value of the Electrocardiogram as a Predictor of Right Ventricular Dysfunction in Patients With Chronic Right Ventricular Volume Overload.

Science.gov (United States)

Alonso, Pau; Andrés, Ana; Rueda, Joaquín; Buendía, Francisco; Igual, Begoña; Rodríguez, María; Osa, Ana; Arnau, Miguel A; Salvador, Antonio

2015-05-01

Pulmonary regurgitation is a common complication in patients with repaired tetralogy of Fallot or congenital pulmonary stenosis. Electrocardiographic variables have been correlated with parameters used to evaluate right ventricular function. We aimed to analyze the diagnostic value of the width and fragmentation of the electrocardiogram in the identification of patients with right ventricular dysfunction and/or dilation. We selected 107 consecutive patients diagnosed with severe pulmonary insufficiency after repair of pulmonary stenosis or tetralogy of Fallot. The tests included electrocardiography, echocardiography, and magnetic resonance. Each electrocardiogram was analyzed manually to measure QRS duration. We defined QRS fragmentation as the presence of low-voltage waves in the terminal portion of the QRS complex in at least 2 contiguous leads. We found a significant negative correlation between QRS width and right ventricular function, as well as a positive correlation with right ventricular volume. The receiver operating characteristic curve indicated a cut-off point for QRS width of 140ms, which showed good sensitivity for a diagnosis of right ventricular dilation (> 80%) and dysfunction (> 95%). In logistic regression models, a QRS duration > 140ms was found to be the only independent predictor of right ventricular dilation and dysfunction. Electrocardiography is a rapid, widely available, and reproducible tool. QRS width constitutes an independent predictor of the presence of right ventricular dilation and dysfunction. This study is the first to provide a cutoff value for QRS width to screen for right ventricle involvement. Copyright © 2014 Sociedad Española de Cardiología. Published by Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.

Lone ventricular cardiomyopathy,

African Journals Online (AJOL)

... (I) cardiac catheterisation, including coronary arteriography and pulmonary ... described existence of lone ventricular idiopathic ... spectrum of classic idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. ... endomyocardial fibrosis, and from discussions at an.

Relação entre Fibrose e Arritmias Ventriculares na Cardiopatia Chagásica sem Disfunção Ventricular

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Eduardo Marinho Tassi

2014-06-01

Full Text Available Fundamento: Pacientes com doença de Chagas com alteração segmentar apresentam pior prognóstico independentemente da fração de ejeção ventricular esquerda. A ressonância magnética cardíaca é atualmente o melhor método para detecção de alteração segmentar e para avaliação de fibrose miocárdica. Objetivo: Quantificar a fibrose, por meio do realce tardio, pela ressonância magnética cardíaca, em pacientes com doença de Chagas com fração de ejeção ventricular esquerda preservada ou minimamente comprometida (> 45% e detectar padrões de dependência entre fibrose, alteração segmentar e fração de ejeção ventricular esquerda na presença de arritmia ventricular. Métodos: Foram realizados eletrocardiograma, teste ergométrico, Holter e ressonância magnética cardíaca em 61 pacientes, separados em três grupos: (1 eletrocardiograma normal e ressonância magnética cardíaca sem alteração segmentar; (2 eletrocardiograma alterado e ressonância magnética cardíaca sem alteração segmentar; e (3 ressonância magnética cardíaca com alteração segmentar independentemente de alteração no eletrocardiograma. Resultados: O número de pacientes com arritmia ventricular em relação ao número total de pacientes em cada grupo, a porcentagem de fibrose e a fração de ejeção ventricular esquerda foram, respectivamente: no primeiro grupo, 4/26, 0,74% e 74,34%; no segundo grupo, 4/16, 3,96% e 68,5%; e no terceiro grupo, 11/19, 14,07% e 55,59%. Arritmia ventricular foi encontrada em 31,1% dos pacientes. Aqueles com e sem arritmia ventricular apresentaram fração de ejeção ventricular esquerda média de 59,87% e 70,18%, respectivamente, e fibrose de 11,03% e 3,01%, respectivamente. Das variáveis alteração segmentar, grupos, idade, fração de ejeção ventricular esquerda e fibrose, a última foi a única significativa para a presença de arritmia ventricular, com ponto de corte de 11,78% para massa fibrosada (p < 0

The effect of heart failure and left ventricular assist device treatment on right ventricular mechanics: a computational study.

Science.gov (United States)

Park, Jun I K; Heikhmakhtiar, Aulia Khamas; Kim, Chang Hyun; Kim, Yoo Seok; Choi, Seong Wook; Song, Kwang Soup; Lim, Ki Moo

2018-05-22

Although it is important to analyze the hemodynamic factors related to the right ventricle (RV) after left ventricular assist device (LVAD) implantation, previous studies have focused only on the alteration of the ventricular shape and lack quantitative analysis of the various hemodynamic parameters. Therefore, we quantitatively analyzed various hemodynamic parameters related to the RV under normal, heart failure (HF), and HF incorporated with continuous flow LVAD therapy by using a computational model. In this study, we combined a three-dimensional finite element electromechanical model of ventricles, which is based on human ventricular morphology captured by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with a lumped model of the circulatory system and continuous flow LVAD function in order to construct an integrated model of an LVAD implanted-cardiovascular system. To induce systolic dysfunction, the magnitude of the calcium transient function under HF condition was reduced to 70% of the normal value, and the time constant was reduced by 30% of the normal value. Under the HF condition, the left ventricular end systolic pressure decreased, the left ventricular end diastolic pressure increased, and the pressure in the right atrium (RA), RV, and pulmonary artery (PA) increased compared with the normal condition. The LVAD therapy decreased the end-systolic pressure of the LV by 41%, RA by 29%, RV by 53%, and PA by 71%, but increased the right ventricular ejection fraction by 52% and cardiac output by 40%, while the stroke work was reduced by 67% compared with the HF condition without LVAD. The end-systolic ventricular tension and strain decreased with the LVAD treatment. LVAD enhances CO and mechanical unloading of the LV as well as those of the RV and prevents pulmonary hypertension which can be induced by HF.

Echocardiographic left ventricular masses in distance runners and weight lifters

Science.gov (United States)

Longhurst, J. C.; Gonyea, W. J.; Mitchell, J. H.; Kelly, A. R.

1980-01-01

The relationships of different forms of exercise training to left ventricular mass and body mass are investigated by echocardiographic studies of weight lifters, long-distance runners, and comparatively sized untrained control subjects. Left ventricular mass determinations by the Penn convention reveal increased absolute left ventricular masses in long-distance runners and competitive weight lifters with respect to controls matched for age, body weight, and body surface area, and a significant correlation between ventricular mass and lean body mass. When normalized to lean body mass, the ventricular masses of distance runners are found to be significantly higher than those of the other groups, suggesting that dynamic training elevates left ventricular mass compared to static training and no training, while static training increases ventricular mass only to the extent that lean body mass is increased.

THE CLINICAL-SIGNIFICANCE OF CORONARY ANATOMY IN POST-INFARCT PATIENTS WITH LATE SUSTAINED VENTRICULAR-TACHYCARDIA OR VENTRICULAR-FIBRILLATION

NARCIS (Netherlands)

WIESFELD, ACP; CRIJNS, HJGM; HILLEGE, HL; TUININGA, YS; LIE, KI

The role of ischaemia in post-infarct patients with ventricular tachyarrhythmias is not firmly established Using coronary angiography, 82 post-infarct patients with sustained ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation were subclassified into three groups. Fourteen patients (17%) had significant

Malignant ventricular tachycardia in acromegaly: a case report

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Zhe An

Full Text Available CONTEXT: In patients with acromegaly, cardiovascular complications are the main cause of death; sudden death has been associated with ventricular tachyarrhythmias. In other patients with life-threatening malignant ventricular tachyarrhythmias, surgical placement of an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD has proved highly effective in reducing sudden death rates. CASE REPORT: The present article reports the case of a 50-year-old male acromegalic patient who presented symptoms of syncope induced by ventricular tachycardia. An ICD was surgically implanted and a pituitary adenoma, which was responsible for the acromegaly, was completely removed in the same procedure. The surgery was successful and the ventricular arrhythmias were effectively terminated. During six months of follow-up, no documented arrhythmic episodes occurred. CONCLUSION: In patients with acromegaly, malignant ventricular tachyarrhythmia might be effectively controlled by implantation of an ICD and surgical removal of the pituitary adenoma.

Right ventricular function assessed by 2D strain analysis predicts ventricular arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death in patients after acute myocardial infarction

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Risum, Niels; Valeur, Nana; Søgaard, Peter

2017-01-01

Aims: Left ventricular function is a well-established predictor of malignant ventricular arrhythmias, but little is known about the importance of right ventricular (RV) function. The aim of this study was to investigate the importance of RV function for prediction of sudden cardiac death (SCD) or...

Efeito da morfina epidural na atividade eletromiográfica do cólon esquerdo durante a recuperação do íleo paralítico pós-operatório

OpenAIRE

SILVEIRA, Raquel Kelner

1997-01-01

A autora investigou os efeitos da morfina administrada por via epidural sobre as alterações eletromiográficas do cólon esquerdo durante o período de recuperação do íleo paralítico pós-operatório utilizando eletrodos bipolares implantados na camada seromuscular do cólon. Realizou-se um ensaio clínico controlado para fatores de confusão em pacientes com diagnóstico de mioma uterino e indicação cirúrgica (histerectomia total abdominal). O grupo experimental (n = 12) foi submetido à anestesia com...

Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia: A case report

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Tessa Negrín Valdés

2015-10-01

Full Text Available Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia is a heart muscle disease that predominantly affects the right ventricle, bringing about the replacement of normal myocardium with fatty or fibrofatty tissue and causing sudden death in young individuals. Ventricular tachycardia is an important clinical manifestation, although there are reports of right or global heart failure. The diagnosis is confirmed by echocardiography and magnetic resonance imaging. The case of a 65-year-old former smoker, with hypertension and ischemic heart disease, a history of effort syncope symptoms and proven non-sustained ventricular tachycardia, with morphology of left bundle branch block, is reported. Relevant diagnostic studies were performed, and echocardiographic elements which were compatible with arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia were found. Therefore, an implantable cardioverter defibrillator was implanted, after which the patient has had a favorable outcome.

Ventricular repolarization measures for arrhythmic risk stratification

Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

Francesco Monitillo; Marta Leone; Caterina Rizzo; Andrea Passantino; Massimo Iacoviello

2016-01-01

Ventricular repolarization is a complex electrical phenomenon which represents a crucial stage in electrical cardiac activity. It is expressed on the surface electrocardiogram by the interval between the start of the QRS complex and the end of the T wave or U wave(QT). Several physiological, pathological and iatrogenic factors can influence ventricular repolarization. It has been demonstrated that small perturbations in this process can be a potential trigger of malignant arrhythmias, therefore the analysis of ventricular repolarization represents an interesting tool to implement risk stratification of arrhythmic events in different clinical settings. The aim of this review is to critically revise the traditional methods of static analysis of ventricular repolarization as well as those for dynamic evaluation, their prognostic significance and the possible application in daily clinical practice.

The influence of type 2 diabetes and gender on ventricular repolarization dispersion in patients with sub-clinic left ventricular diastolic dysfunction

Science.gov (United States)

Jani, Ylber; Kamberi, Ahmet; Xhunga, Sotir; Pocesta, Bekim; Ferati, Fatmir; Lala, Dali; Zeqiri, Agim; Rexhepi, Atila

2015-01-01

Objective: To assess the influence of type 2 DM and gender, on the QT dispersion, Tpeak-Tend dispersion of ventricular repolarization, in patients with sub-clinic left ventricular diastolic dysfunction of the heart. Background: QT dispersion, that reflects spatial inhomogeneity in ventricular repolarization, Tpeak-Tend dispersion, this on the other hand reflects transmural inhomogeneity in ventricular repolarization, that is increased in an early stage of cardiomyopathy, and in patients with left ventricular diastolic dysfunction, as well. The left ventricular diastolic dysfunction, a basic characteristic of diabetic heart disease (diabetic cardiomyopathy), that developes earlier than systolic dysfunction, suggests that diastolic markers might be sensitive for early cardiac injury. It is also demonstrated that gender has complex influence on indices of myocardial repolarization abnormalities such as QT interval and QT dispersion. Material and methods: We performed an observational study including 300 diabetic patients with similar epidemiological-demographic characteristics recruited in our institution from May 2009 to July 2014, divided into two groups. Demographic and laboratory echocardiographic data were obtained, twelve lead resting electrocardiography, QT, QTc, Tpeak-Tend-intervals and dispersion, were determined manually, and were compared between various groups. For statistical analysis a t-test, X2 test, and logistic regression are used according to the type of variables. A p value <0.05 was considered statistically significant for a confidence interval of 95%. Results: QTc max. interval, QTc dispersion and Tpeak-Tend dispersion, were significantly higher in diabetic group with subclinical LV (left ventricular) diastolic dysfunction, than in diabetic group with normal left ventricular diastolic function (445.24±14.7 ms vs. 433.55±14.4 ms, P<0.000; 44.98±18.78 ms vs. 32.05±17.9 ms, P<0.000; 32.60±1.6 ms vs. 17.46±2.0 ms, P<0.02. Prolonged QTc max

Left ventricular mass in male adolescent athletes and non-athletes

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Erling David Kaunang

2014-10-01

Full Text Available Background Systematic exercise leads to increased left ventricular mass, which may be misleading in a differential diagnosis of heart disease in athletes (physiologic hypertrophy versus pathologic hypertrophy. T he cause of left ventricular hypertrophy is an important risk factor in the morbidity and mortality of cardiovascular diseases. Objective To compare left ventricular mass and left ventricular hypertrophy in male adolescent athletes and non-athletes. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional, analytic study, from September to December 2012 in male adolescents aged 15-18 years. The case group included athletes from the Bina Taruna Football Club Manado, while the control group included non-athlete adolescents. All subjects underwent history-taking, physical examinations and further supporting examinations. Left ventricular mass was measured by cardiovascular echocardiography (Esaote Mylab 4.0 and calculated based on a formula. Left ventricular hypertrophy was defined as left ventricular mass of > 134 g/m2 body surface area. Results Subjects' mean left ventricular masses were 359.69 (SD 188.4; 95%CI 283.58 to 435.81 grams in the athlete group and 173.04 (SD 50.69; 95%CI 152.56 to 103.51 grams in the non· athlete group, a statistically significant difference (P=0.0001. Ventricular hypertrophy was found 76.9% compared to 11.5% in  the non-athlete group (P= 0.0001. Conclusion Left ventricular mass in athletes is bigger than in non-athletes. In addition, left ventricular hypertrophy is more cornmon in male adolescent athletes than in non-athletes.

Detection of premature ventricular contractions on a ventricular electrocardiogram for patients with left ventricular assist devices.

Science.gov (United States)

Park, Sung Min; Lee, Jin Hong; Choi, Seong Wook

2014-12-01

The ventricular electrocardiogram (v-ECG) was developed for long-term monitoring of heartbeats in patients with a left ventricular assist device (LVAD) and does not normally have the functionality necessary to detect additional heart irregularities that can progress to critical arrhythmias. Although the v-ECG has the benefits of physiological optimization and counterpulsation control, when abnormal heartbeats occur, the v-ECG does not show the distinct abnormal waveform that enables easy detection of an abnormal heartbeat among normal heartbeats on the conventional ECG. In this study, the v-ECGs of normal and abnormal heartbeats are compared with each other with respect to peak-to-peak voltage, area, and maximal slopes, and a new method to detect abnormal heartbeats is suggested. In a series of animal experiments with three porcine models (Yorkshire pigs weighing 30-40 kg), a v-ECG and conventional ECG were taken simultaneously during LVAD perfusion. Clinical experts found 104 abnormal heartbeats from the saved conventional ECG data and confirmed that the other 3159 heartbeats were normal. Almost all of the abnormal heartbeats were premature ventricular contractions (PVCs), and there was short-term tachycardia for 3 s. A personal computer was used to automatically detect abnormal heartbeats with the v-ECG according to the new method, and its results were compared with the clinicians' results. The new method found abnormal heartbeats with 90% accuracy, and less than 15% of the total PVCs were missed. Copyright © 2014 International Center for Artificial Organs and Transplantation and Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Evaluation of left ventricular function by cardiac CT

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Naito, Hiroaki; Kozuka, Takahiro

1982-01-01

Left ventricular function was evaluated by CT, which was compared with the data of left ventriculography for various cardiac diseases. The end diastolic volume of the left ventricle can be readily computed from CT, with a satisfactory correlation with that of left ventriculography (r = 0.95). The left ventricular ejection fraction, calculated from the areal ratio of the left ventricular lumen in end-diastolic imaging to that in end-sytolic imaging, also roughly reflects left ventricular contractile function, but shows correlation with left ventriculography by only r = 0.79. Although the cardiac output is not sensitive for functional evaluation, it can be directly calculated by means of dynamic scanning and shows a satisfactory correlation with the ear piece pigment dilution (r = 0.85). Evaluation of left ventricular function by CT shows a high precision in comparison with left ventriculography, but still lacks temporal resolving power. (Chiba, N.)

[Ventricular tachycardia in a patient with rate-responsive cardiac pacemaker].

Science.gov (United States)

Himbert, C; Lascault, G; Tonet, J; Coutte, R; Busquet, P; Frank, R; Grosgogeat, Y

1992-11-01

The authors report a case of syncopal ventricular tachycardia in a patient with a respiratory-dependent rate responsive pacemaker, followed-up for valvular heart disease with severe left ventricular dysfunction and sustained atrial and ventricular arrhythmias. The introduction of low dose betablocker therapy with reinforcement of the treatment of cardiac failure controlled the ventricular arrhythmia, after suppression of the data responsive function had been shown to be ineffective. The authors discuss the role of the rate responsive function in the triggering of the ventricular tachycardias.

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with mid-ventricular obstruction and apical aneurysm

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N.D. Oryshchyn

2016-11-01

Full Text Available A case report of apical left ventricular aneurysm in patient with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with mid-ventricular obstruction (diagnosis and surgical treatment is presented. We revealed apical aneurysm and mid-ventricular obstruction during echocardiography and specified anatomical characteristics of aneurysm during computer tomography. There was no evidence of obstructive coronary artery disease during coronary angiography. Taking into consideration multiple cerebral infarcts, aneurysm resection and left ventricular plastics was performed. Electronic microscopy of myocardium confirmed the diagnosis of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.

Bidirectional ventricular tachycardia of unusual etiology

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Praloy Chakraborty

2015-11-01

Full Text Available Bidirectional ventricular tachycardia (BDVT is a rare form of ventricular arrhythmia, characterized by changing QRS axis of 180 degrees. Digitalis toxicity is considered as commonest cause of BDVT; other causes include aconite toxicity, myocarditis, myocardial infarction, metastatic cardiac tumour and cardiac channelopathies. We describe a case of BDVT in a patient with Anderson-Tawil syndrome.

Bloqueio completo do ramo esquerdo esforço-induzido: prevalência e prognóstico

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Ricardo Stein

2011-07-01

Full Text Available FUNDAMENTO: O bloqueio completo do ramo esquerdo esforço-induzido (BCRE E-I é um achado infrequente ao teste de exercício e sua prevalência e significado prognóstico não são claros. OBJETIVO: Avaliar de forma longitudinal a prevalência e o significado prognóstico do BCRE E-I em homens americanos veteranos de guerra. MÉTODOS: Avaliamos 9.623 pacientes que realizaram ergometria em esteira (TE entre 1987 e 2007. Os desfechos foram comparados entre aqueles com TE NL, os com BCRE E-I e os que apresentaram Dep ST anormal. A mortalidade e a causa das mortes foram identificadas de forma cega para os resultados do TE. RESULTADOS: Nesta coorte prospectiva, 6922 indivíduos apresentaram TE NL (57,2 ± 11,4 anos, 1.739 apresentaram Dep ST anormal (62,7 ± 9,8 anos e 38 casos de BCRE E-I foram identificados (65,2 ± 11,9 anos. A prevalência do BCRE E-I foi 0,38%. Após 8,8 anos, ocorreram 1.699 mortes por todas as causas e 610 mortes cardiovasculares (CV. Doença arterial coronária e insuficiência cardíaca foram mais prevalentes nos pacientes com BCRE E-I. Pacientes com BCRE E-I tiveram razão de azar de 2,37 (p = 0,002 para mortalidade por todas as causas, mas a mesma não foi significativa quando ajustada para idade ou quando a mortalidade cardiovascular foi o desfecho avaliado. CONCLUSÃO: BCRE E-I é um achado raro. Indivíduos com BCRE E-I apresentam maior mortalidade por todas as causas quando comparados aqueles com TE NL. No entanto, tal fato é explicado por esses pacientes serem significativamente mais velhos e por apresentarem mais enfermidades cardiovasculares associadas.

Evaluation of ventricular function in patients with coronary artery disease

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Rocco, T.P.; Dilsizian, V.; Fischman, A.J.; Strauss, H.W.

1989-01-01

The recent expansion of interventional cardiovascular technologies has stimulated a concomitant expansion of noninvasive cardiac studies, both to assist in diagnosis and to evaluate treatment outcomes. Radionuclide ventricular function studies provide a reliable, reproducible means to quantify global left ventricular systolic performance, a critical determinant of prognosis in patients with cardiovascular disease. In addition, the ability to evaluate regional left ventricular wall motion and to assess ventricular performance during exercise have secured a fundamental role for such studies in the screening and treatment of patients with coronary artery disease. Radionuclide techniques have been extended to the evaluation of left ventricular relaxation/filling events, left ventricular systolic/diastolic function in the ambulatory setting, and with appropriate technical modifications, to the assessment of right ventricular performance at rest and with exercise. As a complement to radionuclide perfusion studies, cardiac blood-pool imaging allows for thorough noninvasive description of cardiac physiology and function in both normal subjects and in patients with a broad range of cardiovascular diseases. 122 references

Ventricular Septal Dissection Complicating Inferior Wall Myocardial Infarction

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Lindsey Kalvin

2017-01-01

Full Text Available Postmyocardial infarction ventricular septal defect is an increasingly rare mechanical complication of acute myocardial infarction. We present a case of acute myocardial infarction from right coronary artery occlusion that developed hypotension and systolic murmur 12 hours after successful percutaneous coronary intervention. Although preoperative imaging suggested a large ventricular septal defect and a pseudoaneurysm, intraoperative findings concluded a serpiginous dissection of the ventricular septum. The imaging technicalities are discussed.

Effect of chronic right ventricular apical pacing on left ventricular function.

Science.gov (United States)

O'Keefe, James H; Abuissa, Hussam; Jones, Philip G; Thompson, Randall C; Bateman, Timothy M; McGhie, A Iain; Ramza, Brian M; Steinhaus, David M

2005-03-15

The determinants of change in left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction (EF) over time in patients with impaired LV function at baseline have not been clearly established. Using a nuclear database to assess changes in LV function over time, we included patients with a baseline LVEF of 25% to 40% on a gated single-photon emission computed tomographic study at rest and only if second-gated photon emission computed tomography performed approximately 18 months after the initial study showed an improvement in LVEF at rest of > or =10 points or a decrease in LVEF at rest of > or =7 points. In all, 148 patients qualified for the EF increase group and 59 patients for the EF decrease group. LVEF on average increased from 33 +/- 4% to 51 +/- 8% in the EF increase group and decreased from 35 +/- 4% to 25 +/- 5% in the EF decrease group. The strongest multivariable predictor of improvement of LVEF was beta-blocker therapy (odds ratio 3.9, p = 0.002). The strongest independent predictor of LVEF decrease was the presence of a permanent right ventricular apical pacemaker (odds ratio 6.6, p = 0.002). Thus, this study identified beta-blocker therapy as the major independent predictor for improvement in LVEF of > or =10 points, whereas a permanent pacemaker (right ventricular apical pacing) was the strongest predictor of a LVEF decrease of > or =7 points.

The helical ventricular myocardial band of Torrent-Guasp.

Science.gov (United States)

Kocica, Mladen J; Corno, Antonio F; Lackovic, Vesna; Kanjuh, Vladimir I

2007-01-01

We live in an era of substantial progress in understanding myocardial structure and function at genetic, molecular, and microscopic levels. Yet, ventricular myocardium has proven remarkably resistant to macroscopic analyses of functional anatomy. Pronounced and practically indefinite global and local structural anisotropy of its fibers and other ventricular wall constituents produces electrical and mechanical properties that are nonlinear, anisotropic, time varying, and spatially inhomogeneous. The helical ventricular myocardial band of Torrent-Guasp is a revolutionary new concept in understanding global, 3-dimensional, functional architecture of the ventricular myocardium. This concept defines the principal, cumulative vectors, integrating the tissue architecture (ie, form) and net forces developed (ie, function) within the ventricular mass. The primary purpose of this review is to emphasize the importance of this concept, in the light of collaborative efforts to establish an integrative approach, defining ventricular form and function by linking across multiple scales of biological organization, as explained in the ongoing Physiome project. Because one of the most important scientific missions in this century is integration of basic research with clinical medicine, we believe that this knowledge is not of merely academic importance, but is also the essential prerequisite in clinical evaluation and treatment of different heart diseases.

Clinical studies on myocardial perfusion imaging in patients with right ventricular overload

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Abo, Kenji; Yamagata, Takashi; Nakajima, Masao; Fujita, Kimiaki; Morita, Nobuo

1979-01-01

Patients with heart disease which had been clinically diagnosed underwent 201 Tl myocardial perfusion imaging. The thickness of right ventricular wall measured from original images was directly proportional to systolic pressure of the right ventricle measured by cardiac catheterization, and 201 Tl activity in the right ventricle was more directly proportional to systolic pressure of the right ventricle. Imaging patterns of various diseases were also described. Images of patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy revealed that right ventricular wall was thin and right ventricular cavity was small, but the thickness of septal wall and left ventricular wall were maximal. Images of patients with mitral insufficiency revealed that the thickness of right ventricular wall, septal wall, and left ventricular wall was medium, and the right ventricular cavity was smaller than the left ventricular cavity. Images of patients with congestive cardiomyopathy and congestive cardiac failure showed that enlargement of both ventricular cavities was disproportionate to the thickness of each wall. Images of patients with arterial septal defect revealed that the thickness of each wall was comparatively normal, the right ventricular cavity was maximal, and the left ventricular cavity was minimal. Images of patients with primary pulmonary hypertention, pulmonary stenosis and tetralogy of Fallot in whom pressure overload was recognized revealed severe thickenings of right ventricular wall, moderate enlargement of the right ventricle, small left ventricle, and thin left ventricular wall. (Tsunoda, M.)

Bundle of measures for external cerebral ventricular drainage-associated ventriculitis.

Science.gov (United States)

Chatzi, Maria; Karvouniaris, Marios; Makris, Demosthenes; Tsimitrea, Eleni; Gatos, Charalampos; Tasiou, Anastasia; Mantzarlis, Kostas; Fountas, Kostas N; Zakynthinos, Epaminondas

2014-01-01

To assess the prevalence and outcome of external cerebral ventricular drainage-associated ventriculitis in neurocritical patients before and after the implementation of a bundle of external cerebral ventricular drainage-associated ventriculitis control measures. Clinical prospective case series. University Hospital of Larissa, Greece. Consecutive patients were recruited from the ICU of the hospital. Patient inclusion criteria included presence of external ventricular drainage and ICU stay more than 48 hours. The bundle of external cerebral ventricular drainage-associated ventriculitis control measures included 1) reeducation of ICU personnel on issues of infection control related to external cerebral ventricular drainage, 2) meticulous intraventricular catheter handling, 3) cerebrospinal fluid sampling only when clinically necessary, and 4) routine replacement of the drainage catheter on the seventh drainage day if the catheter was still necessary. The bundle was applied after an initial period (preintervention) where standard policy for external cerebral ventricular drainage-associated ventriculitis was established. External cerebral ventricular drainage-associated ventriculitis prevalence, external cerebral ventricular drainage-associated ventriculitis events per 1,000 drainage days (drain-associated infection rate), length of ICU stay, Glasgow Outcome Scale at 6 months, and risk factors for external cerebral ventricular drainage-associated ventriculitis. Eighty-two patients entered the study in the preintervention period and 57 patients during the intervention period. During the preintervention and intervention period, external cerebral ventricular drainage-associated ventriculitis prevalence was 28% and 10.5% (p = 0.02) and drain-associated infection rate was 18 and 7.1, respectively (p = 0.0001); mean (95% CI) length of ICU stay in patients who presented external cerebral ventricular drainage-associated ventriculitis was 44.4 days (36.4-52.4 d), whereas mean

Does in-hospital ventricular fibrillation affect prognosis after myocardial infarction?

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Jensen, G V; Torp-Pedersen, C; Hildebrandt, P

1997-01-01

with ventricular fibrillation in time intervals, indicated that the importance of ventricular fibrillation for risk of death was exhausted during the initial 60 days after infarction. CONCLUSION: Ventricular fibrillation is associated with an independent increased risk of death within 0-60 days after infarction......AIM: The aim of this study was to estimate the prognostic information to be gained from ventricular fibrillation in patients with myocardial infarction. METHODS AND RESULTS: We studied 4259 consecutive patients with myocardial infarction admitted to one centre in 1977-1988. Five hundred and twenty......-eight (12.4%) of the patients had ventricular fibrillation in hospital. The following risk factors were included in multivariate models to estimate their importance for 30-day and long-term (median 7 year) prognosis: age, gender, ventricular fibrillation, congestive heart failure, pulmonary oedema...

Evaluation of left ventricular function using digital subtraction ventriculography

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Yiannikas, J.; Detrano, R.

1986-01-01

Digital subtraction ventriculography following injections of contrast via peripheral veins provides excellent images to assess left ventricular function. The images are essentially identical to those following DCV, but allow more uniform mixing of contrast in the left ventricular chamber. Furthermore, few, if any, cardiac arrhythmias occur, hence obviating difficulties that arise from DCV. The spatial resolution of the method is such that regional wall motion assessment of ventricular function is more accurate than that of other noninvasive imaging methods. The use of video-densitometry allows accurate assessment of left ventricular function even when the left ventricular cavity is nonsymmetrically deformed and aneurysmal. In the setting of the cardiac catheterization laboratory, digital ventriculography may provide a safer means of assessing left ventricular function when critical coronary or myocardial disease is present and allows multiple assessments of ventricular function during the same study. Although excellent correlations with standard ventriculography have been noted by all workers, significant discrepancies still exist in individual patients, particularly in the calculations of end diastolic volumes. In the authors experience and in those of most workers, the largest discrepancies existed in patients in whom suboptimal studies are included for analysis. The most frequent reason for the occasional suboptimal study as with all digital subtraction work is the misregistration that results from motion

Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy: contribution of different electrocardiographic techniques.

Science.gov (United States)

Moreira, Davide; Delgado, Anne; Marmelo, Bruno; Correia, Emanuel; Gama, Pedro; Pipa, João; Nunes, Luís; Santos, Oliveira

2014-04-01

Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy, also known as arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia, is a condition in which myocardium is replaced by fibrous or fibrofatty tissue, predominantly in the right ventricle. It is clinically characterized by potentially lethal ventricular arrhythmias, and is a leading cause of sudden cardiac death. Its prevalence is not known exactly but is estimated at approximately 1:5000 in the adult population. Diagnosis can be on the basis of structural and functional alterations of the right ventricle, electrocardiographic abnormalities (including depolarization and repolarization alterations and ventricular arrhythmias) and family history. Diagnostic criteria facilitate the recognition and interpretation of non-specific clinical features of this disease. The authors present a case in which the diagnosis of arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy was prompted by the suspicion of right ventricular disease on transthoracic echocardiography. This was confirmed by detection of epsilon waves on analysis of the ECG, which generally go unnoticed but in this case were the key to the diagnosis. Their presence was also shown by non-conventional ECG techniques such as modified Fontaine ECG. The course of the disease culminated in the occurrence of ventricular tachycardia, which prompted placement of an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator. Copyright © 2013 Sociedade Portuguesa de Cardiologia. Published by Elsevier España. All rights reserved.

A case of short-coupled premature ventricular beat-induced ventricular fibrillation with early repolarization in the inferolateral leads

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Hidekazu Kondo, MD

2015-02-01

Full Text Available This case report describes a 19-year-old man with early repolarization (ER in the inferolateral leads and a normal QT interval who survived a cardiac arrest that was likely related to polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (VT. Electrocardiograms (ECGs also showed unifocal premature ventricular beats (PVBs with a relatively narrow QRS duration. A Holter ECG documented occasional short-coupled PVBs following non-sustained VTs. Pharmacological stress testing was also performed to assess the effects of anti-arrhythmic drugs on ER (the J wave and PVBs. We performed successful radiofrequency catheter ablation to prevent the recurrence of ventricular fibrillation after cardioverter-defibrillator implantation.

The management of ventricular dysrhythmia in aconite poisoning.

Science.gov (United States)

Coulson, James M; Caparrotta, Thomas M; Thompson, John P

2017-06-01

Aconite poisoning is relatively rare but is frequently complicated by ventricular dysrhythmias, which may be fatal. Molecular basis of aconite alkaloid ventricular arrhythmogenicity: Aconite exerts its toxic effects due to the presence of an admixture of alkaloids present in all parts of the plant. The major target of these aconite alkaloids is the fast voltage-gates sodium channel, where they cause persistent activation. This blockade of the channel in the activated state promotes automaticity within the ventricular myocardium and the generation of ventricular arrhythmias. Aconitine-induced arrhythmias: Aconite alkaloids are known to cause many different types of disturbance of heart rhythm. However, this focused review specifically looks at ventricular rhythm disturbances, namely ventricular ectopy, ventricular tachycardia, torsades des pointes and ventricular fibrillation. The objective of this review was to identify the outcome of anti-dysrhythmic strategies from animal studies and case reports in humans in order to guide the management of ventricular dysrhythmias in aconite poisoning in humans. A review of the literature in English was conducted in PubMed and Google Scholar from 1966 to July 2016 using the search terms "aconite/aconitine"; "aconite/aconitine + poisoning" and "aconite/aconitine + dysrhythmia". 168 human case-reports and case-series were identified by these searches, of which 103 were rejected if exposure to aconite did not result in ventricular dysrhythmias, if it was uncertain as to whether aconite had been ingested, if other agents were co-ingested, if there was insufficient information to determine the type of treatments administered or if there was insufficient information to determine outcome. Thus, 65 case reports of probable aconite poisoning that resulted in ventricular dysrhythmias were identified. Toxicokinetic data in aconite poisoning: Data were only available in three papers; the presence of ventricular rhythm disturbances

Efecto de la localización del electrodo ventricular derecho (tracto de salida vs. ápex sobre la sincronía ventricular mecánica, en pacientes sometidos a terapia de implante de marcapaso cardiaco Effect of right ventricular electrode location (outflow tract vs. apex on mechanical ventricular synchrony in patients that underwent pacemaker implant therapy

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Oscar S Rincón

2008-12-01

Full Text Available Objetivo: evaluar a profundidad el efecto de la estimulación ventricular desde el tracto de salida del ventrículo derecho y el ápex, sobre la sincronía ventricular mecánica. Materiales y métodos: estudio analítico de cohorte, en el que se realizó ecocardiograma transtorácico pre y post implante de marcapaso a 20 pacientes (diez por cada grupo con indicación de marcapaso definitivo, con implante del electrodo en el tracto de salida del ventrículo derecho y el ápex, sin cardiopatía estructural, fracción de eyección > 50%; QRS y conducción aurículo-ventricular normal, con el fin de evaluar la asincronía ventricular mecánica (modo M y Doppler tisular y los parámetros de implante y programación del dispositivo. Análisis estadístico: los resultados se presentan como promedios, desviación estándar o porcentajes. Las variables continuas se compararon utilizando prueba Chi cuadrado y ANOVA. Se consideró como estadísticamente significativa una p Objective: to assess in depth the effect of ventricular stimulation from the right ventricular outflow tract and the apex on mechanical ventricular synchrony. Materials and Methods: cohort analytical study. 20 patients with indication of definitive pacemaker indication underwent transthoracic echocardiogram before and after pacemaker implant with electrode implantation in the right ventricular outflow tract and in the apex (10 patients in each group. There was no structural cardiopathy, ejection fraction was > 50%, QRS and AV conduction were normal. Mechanical ventricular asynchrony (M mode and tissue doppler and implant and device parameters were evaluated. Statistical Analysis: results are given as mean values, standard deviation or percentages. Continuous variables were compared using Chi-square test and ANOVA. A p <0.05 value was considered statistically significant. Results: in five patients (25% a pre-implant ventricular asynchrony was found; in seven (70% ventricular asynchrony

Muscular anatomy of the human ventricular folds.

Science.gov (United States)

Moon, Jerald; Alipour, Fariborz

2013-09-01

Our purpose in this study was to better understand the muscular anatomy of the ventricular folds in order to help improve biomechanical modeling of phonation and to better understand the role of these muscles during phonatory and nonphonatory tasks. Four human larynges were decalcified, sectioned coronally from posterior to anterior by a CryoJane tape transfer system, and stained with Masson's trichrome. The total and relative areas of muscles observed in each section were calculated and used for characterizing the muscle distribution within the ventricular folds. The ventricular folds contained anteriorly coursing thyroarytenoid and ventricularis muscle fibers that were in the lower half of the ventricular fold posteriorly, and some ventricularis muscle was evident in the upper and lateral portions of the fold more anteriorly. Very little muscle tissue was observed in the medial half of the fold, and the anterior half of the ventricular fold was largely devoid of any muscle tissue. All 4 larynges contained muscle bundles that coursed superiorly and medially through the upper half of the fold, toward the lateral margin of the epiglottis. Although variability of expression was evident, a well-defined thyroarytenoid muscle was readily apparent lateral to the arytenoid cartilage in all specimens.

Haemodynamic effects of dual-chamber pacing versus ventricular pacing during a walk test in patients with depressed or normal left ventricular function

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Ferro, Adele; Salvatore, Marco; Cuocolo, Alberto [University Federico II, Department of Biomorphological and Functional Sciences, Institute of Biostructure and Bioimages of the National Council of Research, Naples (Italy); Duilio, Carlo; Santomauro, Maurizio [University Federico II, Department of Clinical Medicine, Cardiovascular and Immunological Sciences, Naples (Italy)

2005-09-01

Dual-chamber rate-modulated pacing provides haemodynamic benefits compared with ventricular pacing at rest, but it is unclear whether this also holds true during physical exercise in patients with heart failure. This study assessed the haemodynamic response to a walk test during dual-chamber pacing and ventricular pacing in patients with depressed or normal left ventricular (LV) function. Twelve patients with an LV ejection fraction <50% and 11 patients with an LV ejection fraction {>=}50% underwent two randomised 6-min walk tests under dual-chamber rate-modulated pacing and ventricular pacing at a fixed rate of 70 beats/min. All patients had a dual-chamber pacemaker implanted for complete heart block. LV function was monitored by a radionuclide ambulatory system. In patients with depressed LV function, the change from dual-chamber pacing to ventricular pacing induced a decrease in end-systolic volume at the peak of the walk test (P<0.05), with no difference in end-diastolic volume. As a consequence, higher increases in LV ejection fraction (P<0.0001) and stroke volume (P<0.01) were observed during ventricular pacing. No difference in cardiac output was found between the two pacing modes. In patients with normal LV function, the change from dual-chamber pacing to ventricular pacing induced a significant decrease in cardiac output (P<0.005 at rest and P<0.05 at the peak of the walk test). Compared with dual-chamber rate-modulated pacing, ventricular pacing improves cardiac function and does not affect cardiac output during physical activity in patients with depressed LV function, whereas it impairs cardiac output in those with normal function. (orig.)

Haemodynamic effects of dual-chamber pacing versus ventricular pacing during a walk test in patients with depressed or normal left ventricular function

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ferro, Adele; Salvatore, Marco; Cuocolo, Alberto; Duilio, Carlo; Santomauro, Maurizio

2005-01-01

Dual-chamber rate-modulated pacing provides haemodynamic benefits compared with ventricular pacing at rest, but it is unclear whether this also holds true during physical exercise in patients with heart failure. This study assessed the haemodynamic response to a walk test during dual-chamber pacing and ventricular pacing in patients with depressed or normal left ventricular (LV) function. Twelve patients with an LV ejection fraction <50% and 11 patients with an LV ejection fraction ≥50% underwent two randomised 6-min walk tests under dual-chamber rate-modulated pacing and ventricular pacing at a fixed rate of 70 beats/min. All patients had a dual-chamber pacemaker implanted for complete heart block. LV function was monitored by a radionuclide ambulatory system. In patients with depressed LV function, the change from dual-chamber pacing to ventricular pacing induced a decrease in end-systolic volume at the peak of the walk test (P<0.05), with no difference in end-diastolic volume. As a consequence, higher increases in LV ejection fraction (P<0.0001) and stroke volume (P<0.01) were observed during ventricular pacing. No difference in cardiac output was found between the two pacing modes. In patients with normal LV function, the change from dual-chamber pacing to ventricular pacing induced a significant decrease in cardiac output (P<0.005 at rest and P<0.05 at the peak of the walk test). Compared with dual-chamber rate-modulated pacing, ventricular pacing improves cardiac function and does not affect cardiac output during physical activity in patients with depressed LV function, whereas it impairs cardiac output in those with normal function. (orig.)

Left ventricular mass in borderline hypertension assessed by echo cardiography

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Mezzasalma, L.; Ghione, S.; Palonebo, C.

1989-01-01

The relationship between clinical measurement of blood pressure (BP) and left ventricular hypertrophy in arterial hypertension appears to be weak in most studies. On the contrary, stronger correlations with target organ damage in general, and left ventricular hypertrophy in particular, have been reported for blood pressure measurements obtained by ambulatory monitoring; this finding may indicate a possible role for blood pressure response to naturally occurring stresses in determining left ventricular hypertrophy. Aim of this study was to investigate, in 18 patients with borderline arterial hypertension, the relationships between echocardiographically assessed left ventricular mass and, respectively, casual BP and BP responses to some standardized stress tests. Only three patients had a diastolic wall thickness of the interventricular septum and of the posterior wall ≥1.2 cm and none had a pathologically increased left ventricular mass index. The following statistically significant correlations were found: casual diastolic BP vs. left ventricular mass index (r=0.53, p<0.02), systolic BP response to bicycle exercise test vs. left ventricular mass index (r=0.55, p<0.05). Multiple regression analysis showed that almost fifty percent of the variability of left ventricular mass index could be predicted by these two BP measurements. These findings suggest that besides the chronically increased afterload, also the transient hypertensive responses to naturally occuring physical stresses may have a role in determining the extent of cardiac structural changes in borderline hypertensive patients. In addition, they indicate a direct relation between left ventricular mass and blood pressure levels also in borderline hypertension, as previously shown for established hypertension, despite the fact that left ventricular hypertrophy represents only an occasional finding in early stages of hypertension

Risk factors and predictors of Torsade de pointes ventricular tachycardia in patients with left ventricular systolic dysfunction receiving Dofetilide

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Pedersen, Henriette Sloth; Elming, Hanne; Seibaek, Marie

2007-01-01

The purpose of this study was to identify risk factors of Torsade de pointes (TdP) ventricular tachycardia in patients medicated with a class III antiarrhythmic drug (dofetilide) and left ventricular systolic dysfunction with heart failure (HF) or recent myocardial infarction (MI). The 2 Danish...

Ruptured thoracic aortic aneurysm in patient with systemic lupus erythematosus Aneurisma roto da aorta descendente em paciente com lúpus eritematoso sistêmico

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Daniel Oliveira De Conti

2011-03-01

Full Text Available It is reported a ruptured descending thoracic aortic aneurysm in a 25-year-old systemic lupus erythematosus woman who underwent 19 years steroid therapy. She was treated with 2 endovascular stent-grafts, discharged from hospital 13 days after the procedure in good health. Three months later she returned with hemorrhagic shock due to high digestive hemorrhage secondary to an aortic-esophageal fistula. She underwent to an open emergency surgery, and died during the post-operative period.Paciente de 25 anos, do sexo feminino, portadora de lúpus eritematoso sistêmico, fazendo uso de corticoesteroide havia 19 anos, deu entrada em unidade de emergência com aneurisma roto de aorta torácica descendente. Foi submetida a tratamento endovascular com 2 stents, recebeu alta hospitalar no 13º dia de pós-operatório, em boas condições de saúde. Três meses depois, retornou em choque hemorrágico secundário a hemorragia digestiva alta. Feito o diagnóstico de fístula aorto-esofágica, foi submetida à cirurgia aberta de emergência, indo a óbito durante o período pós-operatório.

Left ventricular systolic and diastolic function in hyperthyroidism

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Friedman, M.J.; Okada, R.D.; Ewy, G.A.; Hellman, D.J.

1982-01-01

In order to assess the effect of hyperthyroidism on systolic and diastolic function of the left ventricle, M-mode echocardiograms and systolic time intervals were obtained in 13 patients while they were clinically hyperthyroid and again when they were euthyroid following radioactive iodine therapy. Echocardiographic tracings of the septum and left ventricular posterior wall were digitized and analyzed to provide the maximum velocity of shortening and maximum velocity of lengthening. These velocities were normalized for left ventricular diastolic dimension. The left ventricular minor axis fractional shortening and the normalized maximum velocity of shortening were both increased during the hyperthyroid state. The normalized maximum velocity of lengthening, a measure of diastolic left ventricular function, was also increased during the hyperthyroid state when compared to the euthyroid state. The preejection period index and the preejection period/left ventricular ejection time ratio were lower when the patients were hyperthyroid than when they were euthyroid. These data confirm the increased inotropic state and demonstrated increased diastolic relaxation velocities of the hyperthyroid left ventricle

Left Ventricular Geometry In Nigerians With Type II Diabetes Mellitus ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Background: Left ventricular hypertrophy is independently associated with increased incidence of cardiovascular disease, cardiovascular and all cause mortality. In a relatively healthy hypertensive adult population, type II diabetes is associated with higher left ventricular mass, concentric left ventricular geometry and lower ...

Assessment of right ventricular function using gated blood pool single photon emission computed tomography in inferior myocardial infarction with or without hemodynamically significant right ventricular infarction

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Takahashi, Masaharu

1992-01-01

Right ventricular function was assessed using gated blood pool single photon emission computed tomography (GSPECT) in 10 normal subjects and 14 patients with inferior myocardial infarction. Three-dimensional backbround subtraction was achieved by applying an optimal cut off level. The patient group consisted of 6 patients with definite hemodynamic abnormalities indicative of right ventricular infarction (RVI) and 8 other patients with significant obstructive lesion at the proximal portion of right coronary artery without obvious hemodynamic signs of RVI. Right ventricular regional wall motion abnormalities were demonstrated on GSPECT functional images and the indices of right ventricular function (i.e the right ventricular ejection fraction (RVEF), the right ventricular peak ejection rate (RVPER) and the right ventricular peak filling rate (RVPFR)) were significantly reduced in the patient group, not only in the patients with definite RVI but also in those without hemodynamic signs of RVI, even in the absence of definite hemodynamic signs, when the proximal portion of right coronary artery is obstructed. It is concluded that GSPECT is reliable for the assessment of right ventricular function and regional wall motion, and is also useful for the diagnosis of RVI. (author)

LEFT VENTRICULAR ROTATION, TWIST AND UNTWIST: PHYSIOLOGICAL ROLE AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE

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E. N. Pavlyukova

2015-09-01

Full Text Available The helical ventricular myocardial band of Torrent-Guasp is a new concept, which provides strong grounds for reconciliation of some important aspects in cardiovascular medicine. Oblique fiber orientation provides left ventricular rotation, which in addition to radial thickening and longitudinal shortening, is predicted as an essential component of the effective left ventricular pumping. Left ventricular rotation can be measured in clinical practice noninvasively using echocardiography and this provides new opportunities for the assessment of different aspects of left ventricular mechanical function.

A case report of arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia

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Henry Anselmo Mayala

2013-01-01

Full Text Available Background Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia is an autosomal dominant disorder affecting parts of myocardium known as desmosomes, areas on the surface of heart muscle cells which link the cells together. The hallmark feature is fibro-fatty replacement of the right ventricle myocardium characterized by hypokinetic areas with associated arrhythmias originating in the right ventricle. CasePresentation Inthisreporta42yearoldmanwasadmittedatWuhanunion Hospital with the presenting complaints of visual hallucination and difficulty in breathing on exertion, with a family history of sudden death. Clinical and imaging findings are suggestive of Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia. Conclusion Despitebeingamongtherarecardiacdisease,Arrhythmogenicright ventricular dysplasia is an important cause of ventricular arrhythmias in children and young adults, it is also responsible for sudden cardiac death in the young population, making it necessary for this case report.

Diagnostic electrocardiographic dyad criteria of emphysema in left ventricular hypertrophy.

Science.gov (United States)

Lanjewar, Swapnil S; Chhabra, Lovely; Chaubey, Vinod K; Joshi, Saurabh; Kulkarni, Ganesh; Kothagundla, Chandrasekhar; Kaul, Sudesh; Spodick, David H

2013-01-01

The electrocardiographic diagnostic dyad of emphysema, namely a combination of the frontal vertical P-vector and a narrow QRS duration, can serve as a quasidiagnostic marker for emphysema, with specificity close to 100%. We postulated that the presence of left ventricular hypertrophy in emphysema may affect the sensitivity of this electrocardiographic criterion given that left ventricular hypertrophy generates prominent left ventricular forces and may increase the QRS duration. We reviewed the electrocardiograms and echocardiograms for 73 patients with emphysema. The patients were divided into two groups based on the presence or absence of echocardiographic evidence of left ventricular hypertrophy. The P-vector, QRS duration, and forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) were computed and compared between the two subgroups. There was no statistically significant difference in qualitative lung function (FEV1) between the subgroups. There was no statistically significant difference in mean P-vector between the subgroups. The mean QRS duration was significantly longer in patients with left ventricular hypertrophy as compared with those without left ventricular hypertrophy. The presence of left ventricular hypertrophy may not affect the sensitivity of the P-vector verticalization when used as a lone criterion for diagnosing emphysema. However, the presence of left ventricular hypertrophy may significantly reduce the sensitivity of the electrocardiographic diagnostic dyad in emphysema, as it causes a widening of the QRS duration.

Evaluation of the accuracy of ventricular volume measurement by ultrafast CT

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Cui Wei; Dai Ruping; Guo Yuyin

1997-01-01

The authors evaluated the accuracy of ventricular volume measured by ultrafast CT (UFCT); and (2) compared the value of ventricular volume derived from long- and short-axis view. Fourteen human left ventricular casts and 15 right ventricular casts were scanned by Imatron C-150 scanner along both the long- and short-axis. The scan protocol was similar to that used in vivo. Eight 7 mm-thick slices were obtained from each cast for both long- and short-axis views. Ventricular volume was determined by the modified Simpson's rule provided by Inamtron Inc. The actual volumes of the ventricular casts were determined by the amount of water displacement by the cast. The actual volumes for left and right ventricles were 55.57 +- 28.91 ml and 64.23 +- 24.51 ml, respectively, the left and right ventricular volumes determined by UFCT were 66.50 +- 33.04 ml and 76.47 +-28.70 ml from long-axis view, and 60.36 +- 29.90 ml and 75.36 +- 28.73 ml from short-axis view, respectively. The measurements by UFCT were significantly greater than the actual volumes of the casts, both for the left and right ventricles (P 0.990). Both left and right ventricular volumes can be determined by UFCT with identical accuracy for both long- and short-axis views in calculating ventricular volume; however, overestimation of ventricular volume by UFCT should be noted

Influence of left ventricular hypertrophy on infarct size and left ventricular ejection fraction in ST-elevation myocardial infarction

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Małek, Łukasz A.; Śpiewak, Mateusz; Kłopotowski, Mariusz; Petryka, Joanna; Mazurkiewicz, Łukasz; Kruk, Mariusz; Kępka, Cezary; Miśko, Jolanta; Rużyłło, Witold; Witkowski, Adam

2012-01-01

Background: Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) predisposes to larger infarct size, which may be underestimated by the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) due to supranormal systolic performance often present in patients with LVH. The aim of the study was to compare infarct size and LVEF in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and increased left ventricular mass on cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR). Methods: The study included unselected group of 52 patients (61 ± 11 years, 69% male) with first STEMI who had CMR after median 5 days from the onset of the event. Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) was defined as left ventricular mass index exceeding 95th percentile of references values for age and gender. Infarct size was assessed with means of late gadolinium enhancement (LGE). Results: LVH was found in 16 patients (31%). In comparison to the rest of the group, patients with LVH had higher absolute and relative infarct mass (p = 0.002 and p = 0.02, respectively). LVH was related to higher prevalence of microvascular obstruction and myocardial haemorrhage and higher number of LV segments with transmural necrosis (p = 0.02, p = 0.01 and p = 0.01, respectively). Despite marked difference in the infarct size between both studied subgroups there was no difference in LVEF and mean number of dysfunctional LV segments. Conclusions: Patients with LVH undergoing STEMI have larger infarct size underestimated by the LV systolic performance in comparison to patients without LVH.

Ventricular kinetic energy may provide a novel noninvasive way to assess ventricular performance in patients with repaired tetralogy of Fallot.

Science.gov (United States)

Jeong, Daniel; Anagnostopoulos, Petros V; Roldan-Alzate, Alejandro; Srinivasan, Shardha; Schiebler, Mark L; Wieben, Oliver; François, Christopher J

2015-05-01

Ventricular kinetic energy measurements may provide a novel imaging biomarker of declining ventricular efficiency in patients with repaired tetralogy of Fallot. Our purpose was to assess differences in ventricular kinetic energy with 4-dimensional flow magnetic resonance imaging between patients with repaired tetralogy of Fallot and healthy volunteers. Cardiac magnetic resonance, including 4-dimensional flow magnetic resonance imaging, was performed at rest in 10 subjects with repaired tetralogy of Fallot and 9 healthy volunteers using clinical 1.5T and 3T magnetic resonance imaging scanners. Right and left ventricular kinetic energy (KERV and KELV), main pulmonary artery flow (QMPA), and aortic flow (QAO) were quantified using 4-dimensional flow magnetic resonance imaging data. Right and left ventricular size and function were measured using standard cardiac magnetic resonance techniques. Differences in peak systolic KERV and KELV in addition to the QMPA/KERV and QAO/KELV ratios between groups were assessed. Kinetic energy indices were compared with conventional cardiac magnetic resonance parameters. Peak systolic KERV and KELV were higher in patients with repaired tetralogy of Fallot (6.06 ± 2.27 mJ and 3.55 ± 2.12 mJ, respectively) than in healthy volunteers (5.47 ± 2.52 mJ and 2.48 ± 0.75 mJ, respectively), but were not statistically significant (P = .65 and P = .47, respectively). The QMPA/KERV and QAO/KELV ratios were lower in patients with repaired tetralogy of Fallot (7.53 ± 5.37 mL/[cycle mJ] and 9.65 ± 6.61 mL/[cycle mJ], respectively) than in healthy volunteers (19.33 ± 18.52 mL/[cycle mJ] and 35.98 ± 7.66 mL/[cycle mJ], respectively; P tetralogy of Fallot. Quantification of ventricular kinetic energy in patients with repaired tetralogy of Fallot is a new observation. Future studies are needed to determine whether changes in ventricular kinetic energy can provide earlier evidence of ventricular dysfunction and guide future medical and

Right ventricular function: methodologic and clinical considerations in noninvasive scintigraphic assessment

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Manno, B.V.; Iskandrian, A.S.; Hakki, A.H.

1984-01-01

Right ventricular function plays an important role in many cardiac disorders. Changes in left ventricular function, right ventricular afterload and preload, cardiac medications and ischemia may affect right ventricular function. Radionuclide ventriculography permits quantitative assessment of regional and global function of the right ventricle. This assessment can be made at rest, during exercise or after pharmacologic interventions. The overlap between right ventricle and right atrium is a major limitation for gated scintigraphic techniques. The use of imaging with newer short-lived radionuclides may permit more accurate and reproducible assessment of right ventricular function by means of the first pass method. Further work in areas related to improvement of techniques and the impact of right ventricular function on prognosis is needed

Race differences in ventricular remodeling and function among college football players.

Science.gov (United States)

Haddad, Francois; Peter, Shanon; Hulme, Olivia; Liang, David; Schnittger, Ingela; Puryear, Josephine; Gomari, Fatemeh A; Finocchiaro, Gherardo; Myers, Jonathan; Froelicher, Victor; Garza, Daniel; Ashley, Euan A

2013-07-01

Athletic training is associated with increases in ventricular mass and volume. Recent studies have shown that left ventricular mass increases proportionally in white athletes with a mass/volume ratio approaching unity. The objective of this study was to compare the proportionality in ventricular remodeling and ventricular function in black versus white National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I football players. From 2008 to 2011, football players at Stanford University underwent cardiovascular screening with a 12-point history and physical examination, electrocardiography, and focused echocardiography. Compared with white players, black players had on average higher left ventricular mass indexes (77 ± 11 vs 71 ± 11 g/m(2), p = 0.009), higher mass/volume ratios (1.18 ± 0.16 vs 1.06 ± 0.09 g/ml, p 1.2. Mass/volume ratio was inversely related to early diastolic tissue Doppler velocity e' (r = -0.50, p football players exhibit more concentric ventricular remodeling, lower early diastolic annular velocities, and increased ventricular voltage compared with white players. Ventricular mass increases proportionally to volume in white players but not in black players. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

O uso do balão intra-aórtico no pré-operatório de cirurgia de revascularização miocárdica, associada à disfunção ventricular grave The use of preoperative intra-aortic balloon in myocardial revascularization surgery associated to severe ventricular dysfunction

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Marcelo Kern

2006-02-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Avaliar a efetividade do Balão Intra-Aórtico (BIAo profilático em cirurgia de revascularização miocárdica (CRM eletiva, para prevenir o infarto trans ou pós-operatório e para reduzir a mortalidade intra-hospitalar nos pacientes com baixa fração de ejeção ventricular esquerda. MÉTODOS: Em modelo de estudo de coorte, foram analisados 239 pacientes com fração de ejeção do ventrículo esquerdo inferior ou igual a 40%, submetidos à CRM eletiva com circulação extracorpórea (CEC, no período compreendido entre março de 1995 a fevereiro de 2001. RESULTADOS: Destes, 58 pacientes receberam BIAo pré-operatório e os demais foram operados sem assistência circulatória (grupo controle. Os dois grupos de pacientes tinham características semelhantes quanto a fatores associados aos desfechos em questão. Ocorreram 5 (8,6% óbitos no grupo com BIAo e 21 (11,6%, no grupo controle (diferença não-signifícativa. Ocorreram 2 (3,4% infartos no grupo com BIAo e 28 (15,5%, no grupo controle BIAo (p OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of prophylactic intra-aortic balloon (IAB in elective myocardial revascularization surgery (MRS, to prevent trans or post-operative infarction and reduce intra-hospital mortality in patients with low left ventricular ejection fraction. METHODS: Using a cohort study model, 239 patients with left ventricular ejection fraction <40%, submitted to elective MRS with extracorporeal circulation (ECC were evaluated from March 1995 to February 2001. RESULTS: Of these, 58 patients received preoperative IAB and the remainder underwent surgery without circulatory assistance (control group. The two groups of patients had similar characteristics regarding factors associated to the pertaining outcomes. There were five demises (8.6% in the group with IAB and 21 (11.6% in the control group (non-significant difference. There were 2 (3.4% infarctions in the IAB group and 28 (15.5% in the control group (p< 0

Annular subvalvular left ventricular aneurysm in Bahia, Brazil.

Science.gov (United States)

Guimarães, A C; Filho, A S; Esteves, J P; Abreu, W N; Vinhaes, L A; de Almeida Souza, J A; Machado, A

1976-10-01

Two cases of left ventricular aneurysm, a 16-year-old black boy and a 23-year-old white girl, from Bahia, Brazil, are presented. In both patients there was enlargement of the cardiac silhouette and a prominent bulge of the left inferior border. On the right oblique view a ring of calcium at the ventricular opening of the aneurysms was visualized. A left ventriculogram showed a huge aneurysm in the first case and a bulge on the lateral wall of the left ventricle in the other. Cardiac catheterization showed a rise in left and right ventricular end-diastolic pressures and in the mean pulmonary artery pressure. In the first case the contour of the right ventricular pressure curve showed a restrictive pattern. The similarities of these aneurysms with the annular submitral type described in young black Africans are stressed.

Ecocardiografia em pacientes com apneia do sono grave com e sem pressão arterial controlada: Estudo transversal

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Denis Martinez

2016-01-01

Full Text Available Introdução: A apneia obstrutiva do sono (AOS afeta a anatomia e função do coração. Ocorre hipertensão arterial em metade dos casos de AOS, dificultando atribuir a etiologia dessas alterações separadamente à hipertensão arterial ou à apneia do sono. Métodos: Estudo transversal de pacientes com índice de apneia-hipopneia maior que 50 eventos por hora. As variáveis ecocardiográficas comparadas em indivíduos com hipertensão arterial controlada e não controlada foram: 1 fração de ejeção, 2 diâmetro da aorta, 3 diâmetro do átrio esquerdo, 4 diâmetro de ventrículo direito, 5 diâmetros do ventrículo esquerdo diastólico e sistólico, 6 percentagem delta, 7 espessura do septo, 8 espessura da parede posterior. Resultados: Foram incluídos 83 voluntários, 50 com pressão arterial não controlada. Em média, a idade era 47±9,5 anos, o índice de massa corporal 34±5,4 Kg/m2, o índice de apneia-hipopneia 86±18 eventos/hora. Sessenta pacientes apresentaram anormalidade no ecocardiograma. A hipertrofia de ventrículo esquerdo foi o achado mais comum, sem diferença de frequência em controles (39% e em hipertensos (48%, seguida por disfunção diastólica em controles (27% e em hipertensos (32%. Conclusões: Indivíduos com apneia do sono grave e pressão arterial controlada apresentam alterações no ecocardiograma de tipo e frequência semelhantes aos com hipertensão não controlada. Isso sugere que a apneia do sono pode causar dano cardíaco independentemente de hipertensão. Quando não explicáveis por hipertensão arterial, achados como hipertrofia de ventrículo esquerdo podem ser provocados por apneia do sono.   Introduction:  Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA affects the cardiac anatomy and function. Hypertension occurs in half the OSA cases, making it difficult to attribute the cause of these changes separately to arterial hypertension or sleep apnea. Methods: Prospective cross-sectional study of volunteers with apnea

Resultados da cirurgia do aneurisma da aorta abdominal em pacientes jovens Outcomes after surgical repair of abdominal aortic aneurysms in young patients

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Telmo P. Bonamigo

2009-06-01

Full Text Available CONTEXTO: A presença de aneurisma da aorta abdominal (AAA é rara em pacientes jovens. OBJETIVO: Avaliar os resultados da cirurgia do AAA em pacientes com idade BACKGROUND: Abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA are rare in young patients. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate outcomes after AAA repair in patients aged < 50 years. METHODS: Between June 1979 and January 2008, 946 patients underwent elective repair for an infrarenal AAA performed by the first author. Of these, 13 patients (1.4% were < 50 years old at surgery. Demographic characteristics and surgical data were analyzed, as well as early and late outcomes after surgical intervention. RESULTS: Mean age was 46±3.4 years (ranging from 43 to 50 years. Most patients were men (76.9%, hypertensive (76.9% and smokers (61.5%. Perioperative morbidity and mortality rates were low (15.4% and 0%, respectively; one patient had respiratory infection and another patient had unstable angina. Median follow-up was 85.5 months, and two patients died due to ischemic cardiopathy and cerebrovascular accident during the follow-up period. CONCLUSION: AAA repair in young patients is a safe procedure, with good long-term results. In our study, there were no perioperative deaths, and a good long-term survival was observed.

Central-Approach Surgical Repair of Coarctation of the Aorta with a Back-up Left Ventricular Assist Device for an Infant Presenting with Severe Left Ventricular Dysfunction

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Tae Hoon Kim

2015-12-01

Full Text Available A two-month-old infant presented with coarctation of the aorta, severe left ventricular dysfunction, and moderate to severe mitral regurgitation. Through median sternotomy, the aortic arch was repaired under cardiopulmonary bypass and regional cerebral perfusion. The patient was postoperatively supported with a left ventricular assist device for five days. Left ventricular function gradually improved, eventually recovering with the concomitant regression of mitral regurgitation. Prompt surgical repair of coarctation of the aorta is indicated for patients with severe left ventricular dysfunction. A central approach for surgical repair with a back-up left ventricular assist device is a safe and effective treatment strategy for these patients.

Central-Approach Surgical Repair of Coarctation of the Aorta with a Back-up Left Ventricular Assist Device for an Infant Presenting with Severe Left Ventricular Dysfunction.

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Kim, Tae Hoon; Shin, Yu Rim; Kim, Young Sam; Kim, Do Jung; Kim, Hyohyun; Shin, Hong Ju; Htut, Aung Thein; Park, Han Ki

2015-12-01

A two-month-old infant presented with coarctation of the aorta, severe left ventricular dysfunction, and moderate to severe mitral regurgitation. Through median sternotomy, the aortic arch was repaired under cardiopulmonary bypass and regional cerebral perfusion. The patient was postoperatively supported with a left ventricular assist device for five days. Left ventricular function gradually improved, eventually recovering with the concomitant regression of mitral regurgitation. Prompt surgical repair of coarctation of the aorta is indicated for patients with severe left ventricular dysfunction. A central approach for surgical repair with a back-up left ventricular assist device is a safe and effective treatment strategy for these patients.

Evaluación del impacto de las técnicas de control del daño en el tratamiento de los pacientes con aneurisma roto de la aorta abdominal. Hospital Universitario San Vicente de Paúl, Medellín, Colombia, enero de 2000 a octubre de 2007

OpenAIRE

John Fernando García V.; Iván Ramiro Arismendi O.; René Fernando Timarán R.; Carolina Bravo C.; José Andrés Uribe M.; Giovanni García M.

2008-01-01

La mortalidad quirúrgica atribuible al aneurisma de la aorta abdominal (AAA) roto oscila entre 40 y 70% según los diversos informes de la literatura; la principal causa de ello es la falla orgánica múltiple (FOM), la que a su vez corresponde, en un porcentaje importante de casos, al complejo de hipertensión abdominal/síndrome del compartimento abdominal (HTA/SCA). A principios de la década de los años 90 aparecieron algunos artículos informando que los pacientes tratados con laparostomía, con...

Advanced quantitative echocardiography in arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Kjaergaard, Jesper; Hastrup Svendsen, Jesper; Sogaard, Peter

2007-01-01

BACKGROUND: Arrhythmogenic right ventricular (RV) cardiomyopathy (ARVC) is a regional disease of the RV myocardium with variable degrees of left ventricular involvement. Three-dimensional echocardiography and Doppler tissue imaging (DTI) are new echocardiographic modalities for the evaluation......, patients with ARVC had a decreased RV ejection fraction (0.47 +/- 0.08 vs 0.53 +/- 0.05, P vs 15.1 +/- 3.7 cm/s, P left ventricle (7.0 +/- 2.6 vs 9.5 +/- 1.9 cm/s, P ... of the longitudinal motility appears to be a sensitive marker of preclinical left ventricular involvement....

Reversibility of ventricular dysfunction: clinical experience in a medical office

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Antonio Carlos Pereira Barretto

2001-12-01

Full Text Available OBJECTIVE - To describe clinical observations of marked improvement in ventricular dysfunction in a medical office environment under circumstances differing from those in study protocols and multicenter studies performed in hospital or with outpatient cohorts. METHODS - Eleven cardiac failure patients with marked ventricular dysfunction receiving treatment at a doctors office between 1994 and 1999 were studied. Their ages ranged from 20 and 66 years (mean 39.42±14.05 years; 7 patients were men, 4 were women. Cardiopathic etiologies were arterial hypertension in 5 patients, peripartum cardiomyopathy in 2, nondefined myocarditis in 2, and alcoholic cardiomyopathy in 4. Initial echocardiograms revealed left ventricular dilatation (average diastolic diameter, 69.45±8.15mm, reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (0.38±0.08 and left atrial dilatation (43.36±5.16mm. The therapeutic approach followed consisted of patient orientation, elimination of etiological or causal factors of cardiac failure, and prescription of digitalis, diuretics, and angiotensinconverting enzyme inhibitors. RESULTS - Following treatment, left ventricular ejection fraction changed to 0.63±0.09; left ventricular diameters changed to 57.18±8.13mm, and left atrium diameters changed to 37.27±8.05mm. Maximum improvement was noted after 16.9±8.63 (6 to 36 months. CONCLUSION - Patients with serious cardiac failure and ventricular dysfunction caused by hypertension, alcoholism, or myocarditis can experience marked improvement in ventricular dysfunction after undergoing appropriate therapy within the venue of the doctor's office.

Fatigue as Presenting Symptom and a High Burden of Premature Ventricular Contractions Are Independently Associated With Increased Ventricular Wall Stress in Patients With Normal Left Ventricular Function.

Science.gov (United States)

van Huls van Taxis, Carine F B; Piers, Sebastiaan R D; de Riva Silva, Marta; Dekkers, Olaf M; Pijnappels, Daniël A; Schalij, Martin J; Wijnmaalen, Adrianus P; Zeppenfeld, Katja

2015-12-01

High idiopathic premature ventricular contractions (PVC) burden has been associated with PVC-induced cardiomyopathy. Patients may be symptomatic before left ventricular (LV) dysfunction develops. N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) and circumferential end-systolic wall stress (cESS) on echocardiography are markers for increased ventricular wall stress. This study aimed to evaluate the relation between presenting symptoms, PVC burden, and increased ventricular wall stress in patients with frequent PVCs and preserved LV function. Eighty-three patients (41 men; 49±15 years) with idiopathic PVCs and normal LV function referred for PVC ablation were included. Type of symptoms (palpitations, fatigue, and [near-]syncope), PVC burden on 24-hour Holter, NT-proBNP levels, and cESS on echocardiography were assessed before and 3 months after ablation. Sustained successful ablation was defined as ≥80% PVC burden reduction during follow-up. Patients were symptomatic for 24 months (Q1-Q3, 16-60); 73% reported palpitations, 47% fatigue, and 30% (near-)syncope. Baseline PVC burden was 23±13%, median NT-proBNP 92 pg/mL (Q1-Q3 50-156), and cESS 143±35 kdyne/cm(2). Fatigue was associated with higher baseline NT-proBNP and cESS (PFatigue was independently associated with a significantly larger reduction in NT-proBNP. In patients with nonsuccessful ablation, NT-proBNP and cESS remained unchanged. In patients with frequent PVCs and preserved LV function, fatigue was associated with higher baseline NT-proBNP and cESS, and with a significantly larger reduction in NT-proBNP after sustained successful ablation. These findings support a link between fatigue and PVC-induced increased ventricular wall stress, despite preserved LV function. © 2015 American Heart Association, Inc.

Clinical use of ultrashort-lived radionuclide krypton-81m for noninvasive analysis of right ventricular performance in normal subjects and patients with right ventricular dysfunction

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Nienaber, C.A.; Spielmann, R.P.; Wasmus, G.; Mathey, D.G.; Montz, R.; Bleifeld, W.H.

1985-01-01

The ultrashort-lived radionuclide krypton-81m, eluted in 5% dextrose from a bedside rubidium-81m generator, was intravenously infused for rapid imaging of the right-sided heart chambers in the right anterior oblique projection adjusted for optimal right atrioventricular separation. Left-sided heart and lung background was minimized by rapid decay and efficient exhalation of krypton-81m, requiring no algorithm for background correction. A double region of interest method decreased the variability in the assessment of ejection fraction to 5%. In 10 normal subjects, 11 patients with pulmonary hypertension, 4 patients with right ventricular outflow tract obstruction and 4 patients with right ventricular infarction, right ventricular ejection fraction determined by krypton-81m equilibrium blood pool imaging ranged from 14 to 76%. The correlation between these values and those determined by cineangiography according to Simpson's rule was close: r . 0.93 for all data points, r . 0.92 for studies at rest and r . 0.93 for exercise studies. Exercise-related changes in right ventricular function revealed a disturbed functional reserve with pulmonary hypertension and right ventricular infarction, whereas in compensated right ventricular outflow tract obstruction there was a physiologic increase in ejection fraction with exercise. Thus, equilibrium-gated right ventricular imaging using ultrashort-lived krypton-81m is a simple, accurate and reproducible method with potential for serial assessment of right ventricular ejection fraction in a variety of right ventricular anatomic and functional abnormalities, both at rest and during exercise. Advantages of this method include an extremely low radiation dose to patients and clear right atrioventricular separation without the need to correct for background activity

Videodensitometric assessment of right and left ventricular functions by digital subtraction angiography

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ikeda, Hisao; Yoshiga, Osamu; Shibao, Keigo

1987-01-01

Intravenous digital subtraction (DS) ventriculography was performed in a series of 50 patients with heart diseases to determine right and left ventricular volumes and systolic indices. Right ventricular volume and right ventricular ejection fraction obtained by DS ventriculography were well correlated with those by geometric methods. In 43 patients with left ventricular ejection fraction of 55 % or greater, end-diastolic volume, stroke volume, and ejection fraction in the right ventricle did not differ from those in the left ventricle ; however, both the 1/3 ejection fraction and the peak ejection rate of the right ventricle were significantly lower than those of the left ventricle, suggesting the different modes of left and right ventricular contraction. In the other seven patients with chronic left ventricular failure, right ventricular systolic function may be preserved, even when left ventricular function is severely impaired. Digital subtraction ventriculography has proved to be a simple, useful method in the quanlitative and quantitative assessments of the right and left ventricles. (Namekawa, K.)

Electrical Signs predictors of malignant ventricular arrhythmias

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Aleman Fernandez, Ailema Amelia; Dorantes Sanchez, Margarita

2012-01-01

Recurrence of malignant ventricular arrhythmia is frequent in cardioverter-defibrillators related patients. The risk stratification is difficult, there are numerous electrocardiographic predictors but his sensibility and specificity are not absolute. The limit between normal and pathological is not defined, besides the complexity of ventricular arrhythmias. We expose different electrocardiographic predictors that can help to better individual risk stratification

Nonischemic Left Ventricular Scar as a Substrate of Life-Threatening Ventricular Arrhythmias and Sudden Cardiac Death in Competitive Athletes.

Science.gov (United States)

Zorzi, Alessandro; Perazzolo Marra, Martina; Rigato, Ilaria; De Lazzari, Manuel; Susana, Angela; Niero, Alice; Pilichou, Kalliopi; Migliore, Federico; Rizzo, Stefania; Giorgi, Benedetta; De Conti, Giorgio; Sarto, Patrizio; Serratosa, Luis; Patrizi, Giampiero; De Maria, Elia; Pelliccia, Antonio; Basso, Cristina; Schiavon, Maurizio; Bauce, Barbara; Iliceto, Sabino; Thiene, Gaetano; Corrado, Domenico

2016-07-01

The clinical profile and arrhythmic outcome of competitive athletes with isolated nonischemic left ventricular (LV) scar as evidenced by contrast-enhanced cardiac magnetic resonance remain to be elucidated. We compared 35 athletes (80% men, age: 14-48 years) with ventricular arrhythmias and isolated LV subepicardial/midmyocardial late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) on contrast-enhanced cardiac magnetic resonance (group A) with 38 athletes with ventricular arrhythmias and no LGE (group B) and 40 healthy control athletes (group C). A stria LGE pattern with subepicardial/midmyocardial distribution, mostly involving the lateral LV wall, was found in 27 (77%) of group A versus 0 controls (group C; P<0.001), whereas a spotty pattern of LGE localized at the junction of the right ventricle to the septum was respectively observed in 11 (31%) versus 10 (25%; P=0.52). All athletes with stria pattern showed ventricular arrhythmias with a predominant right bundle branch block morphology, 13 of 27 (48%) showed ECG repolarization abnormalities, and 5 of 27 (19%) showed echocardiographic hypokinesis of the lateral LV wall. The majority of athletes with no or spotty LGE pattern had ventricular arrhythmias with a predominant left bundle branch block morphology and no ECG or echocardiographic abnormalities. During a follow-up of 38±25 months, 6 of 27 (22%) athletes with stria pattern experienced malignant arrhythmic events such as appropriate implantable cardiac defibrillator shock (n=4), sustained ventricular tachycardia (n=1), or sudden death (n=1), compared with none of athletes with no or LGE spotty pattern and controls. Isolated nonischemic LV LGE with a stria pattern may be associated with life-threatening arrhythmias and sudden death in the athlete. Because of its subepicardial/midmyocardial location, LV scar is often not detected by echocardiography. © 2016 The Authors.

Adjustable, physiological ventricular restraint improves left ventricular mechanics and reduces dilatation in an ovine model of chronic heart failure.

Science.gov (United States)

Ghanta, Ravi K; Rangaraj, Aravind; Umakanthan, Ramanan; Lee, Lawrence; Laurence, Rita G; Fox, John A; Bolman, R Morton; Cohn, Lawrence H; Chen, Frederick Y

2007-03-13

Ventricular restraint is a nontransplantation surgical treatment for heart failure. The effect of varying restraint level on left ventricular (LV) mechanics and remodeling is not known. We hypothesized that restraint level may affect therapy efficacy. We studied the immediate effect of varying restraint levels in an ovine heart failure model. We then studied the long-term effect of restraint applied over a 2-month period. Restraint level was quantified by use of fluid-filled epicardial balloons placed around the ventricles and measurement of balloon luminal pressure at end diastole. At 4 different restraint levels (0, 3, 5, and 8 mm Hg), transmural myocardial pressure (P(tm)) and indices of myocardial oxygen consumption (MVO2) were determined in control (n=5) and ovine heart failure (n=5). Ventricular restraint therapy decreased P(tm) and MVO2, and improved mechanical efficiency. An optimal physiological restraint level of 3 mm Hg was identified to maximize improvement without an adverse affect on systemic hemodynamics. At this optimal level, end-diastolic P(tm) and MVO2 indices decreased by 27% and 20%, respectively. The serial longitudinal effects of optimized ventricular restraint were then evaluated in ovine heart failure with (n=3) and without (n=3) restraint over 2 months. Optimized ventricular restraint prevented and reversed pathological LV dilatation (130+/-22 mL to 91+/-18 mL) and improved LV ejection fraction (27+/-3% to 43+/-5%). Measured restraint level decreased over time as the LV became smaller, and reverse remodeling slowed. Ventricular restraint level affects the degree of decrease in P(tm), the degree of decrease in MVO2, and the rate of LV reverse remodeling. Periodic physiological adjustments of restraint level may be required for optimal restraint therapy efficacy.

Radionuclide evaluation of left ventricular function with nonimaging probes.

Science.gov (United States)

Wexler, J P; Blaufox, M D

1979-10-01

Portable nonimaging probes have been developed that can evaluate left ventricular function using radionuclide techniques. Two modes of data acquisition are possible with these probe systems, first-pass and gated. Precordial radiocardiograms obtained after a bolus injection can be used to determine cardiac output, pulmonary transit time, pulmonary blood volume, left ventricle ejection fraction, and left-to-right shunts. Gated techniques can be used to determine left ventricular ejection fraction and sytolic time intervals. Probe-determined indices of left ventricular function agree excellently with comparable measurements determined by conventional camera-computer methods as well as by invasive techniques. These have begun to be used in a preliminary manner in a variety of clinical problems associated with left ventricular dysfunction. This review discusses the types of probe systems available, the methods used in positioning them, and details the specifics of their data acquisition and processing capacity. The major criticisms of probe methods are that they are nonimaging and that they measure global rather than regional left ventricular function. In spite of these criticisms, probe systems, because of their portability, high sensitivity, and relatively low cost are useful supplements to conventional camera-computer systems for the measurement of parameters of left ventricular performance using radionuclide techniques.

Remodelamento cardíaco: análise seriada e índices de detecção precoce de disfunção ventricular Remodelación cardiaca: análisis seriado e índices de detección precoz de disfunción ventricular Cardiac remodeling: serial analysis and indexes for early detection of ventricular dysfunction

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Olga de Castro Mendes

2010-01-01

Full Text Available FUNDAMENTO: A estenose aórtica supravalvar (EAo é utilizada para o estudo da remodelação cardíaca (RC por sobrecarga pressórica. Nesse modelo, não estão claramente estabelecidos o comportamento da RC desde a fase inicial, nem os melhores parâmetros para a identificação da disfunção ventricular. OBJETIVOS: 1 Caracterizar, precoce e evolutivamente, as modificações morfofuncionais durante a RC em ratos com EAo e 2 identificar o índice mais sensível para detecção do momento do aparecimento da disfunção diastólica e sistólica do ventrículo esquerdo (VE. MÉTODOS: Ratos Wistar foram divididos em dois grupos - controle (GC, n=13 e EAo (GEAo, n=24 - e estudados nas 3ª, 6ª, 12ª e 18ª semanas pós-cirurgia. Os corações foram analisados por meio de ecocardiograma (ECO. RESULTADOS: Ao final do experimento, as relações do VE, do ventrículo direito e dos átrios com o peso corporal final foram aumentadas no GEAo. O ECO mostrou que o átrio esquerdo sofreu uma remodelação significativa a partir da 6ª semana. No GEAo, a porcentagem de encurtamento endocárdico apresentou queda significativa a partir da 12ª semana e a porcentagem de encurtamento mesocárdico, na 18ª semana. A relação onda E e onda A (E/A foi superior no GC em comparação ao GEAo em todos os momentos analisados. CONCLUSÕES: O ventrículo esquerdo dos ratos com EAo, durante o processo de remodelação, apresentou hipertrofia concêntrica, disfunção diastólica precoce e melhoria da função sistólica, com posterior deterioração do desempenho. Além disso, constatou-se que os índices ecocardiográficos mais sensíveis para a detecção da disfunção diastólica e sistólica são, respectivamente, a relação E/A e a porcentagem de encurtamento endocárdico.FUNDAMENTO: La estenosis aórtica supravalvular (EAo se utiliza para el estudio de la remodelación cardiaca (RC por sobrecarga de presión. En este modelo, no están claramente establecidos el

Ventricular Arrhythmic Storm after Initiating Sacubitril/Valsartan.

Science.gov (United States)

Vicent, Lourdes; Juárez, Miriam; Martín, Irene; García, Jorge; González-Saldívar, Hugo; Bruña, Vanesa; Devesa, Carolina; Sousa-Casasnovas, Iago; Fernández-Avilés, Francisco; Martínez-Sellés, Manuel

Sacubitril/valsartan was approved recently for the treatment of patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction. We present 6 cases of ventricular arrhythmia, that occurred shortly after sacubitril/valsartan initiation, that required drug withdrawal. Other potential triggering factors of electrical storm were ruled out and, from the arrhythmic perspective, all of the patients were stable in the previous year. Our aim is to describe the possible association of sacubitril/valsartan with arrhythmic storm. This was an observational monocentric study performed in the first 7 months of sacubitril/valsartan commercialization in Spain (October 2016). All patients were included in the SUMA (Sacubitril/Varsartan Usado Ambulatoriamente en Madrid [Sacubitril/Valsartan Used in Outpatients in Madrid]) registry. Patients were consecutively enrolled on the day they started the drug. Ventricular arrhythmic storm was defined as ≥2 episodes of sustained ventricular arrhythmia or defibrillator therapy application in 24 h. From 108 patients who received the drug, 6 presented with ventricular arrhythmic storm (5.6%). Baseline characteristics were similar in the patients with and without ventricular arrhythmic storm. The total number of days that sacubitril/valsartan was administered to each patient was 5, 6, 44 (8 since titration), 84, 93, and 136 (105 since titration), respectively. Our data are not enough to infer a cause-and-effect relationship. Further investigations regarding a potential proarrhythmic effect of sacubitril/valsartan are probably needed. © 2018 S. Karger AG, Basel.

Terapia de resgate com amiodarona em crianças com grave disfunção ventricular esquerda causada por veneno de escorpião Terapia de rescate con amiodarona en niños con severa disfunción ventricular izquierda ocasionada por veneno de escorpión Antiadrenergic rescue therapy with amiodarone in children with severe left ventricular dysfunction secondary to scorpion envenomation

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Justo J. Santiago

2010-01-01

Full Text Available FUNDAMENTO: As crianças picadas por escorpião, pressintam ativação maciça do sistema nervoso simpática com vários graus de disfunção sistólica ventricular esquerda. OBJETIVO: Testar um protocolo de resgate em crianças com grave disfunção ventricular esquerda causada por picada de escorpião. Métodos: Quatro crianças após serem picadas por escorpião foram submetidas a: Encubação endotraqueal e suporte respiratório, eletrocardiograma, radiografia de tórax, ecocardiograma e determinação sérica da norepinefrina e troponina I. As análises foram repetidas após 12, 24 e 48 horas. As seguintes medicações intravenosas foram administradas: dobutamina 4-6 μg/kg/min; amiodarona 3 mg/kg durante duas horas, com dose de manutenção de 5 mg/kg/dia; e furosemida 0,5 mg/kg. Amiodarona, dobutamina e furosemida foram administradas durante as primeiras 48 horas. Bloqueadores beta-adrenérgicos e inibidores da enzima conversora da angiotensina foram administrados até 48 após a internação, uma vez que o estado clínico havia melhorado e a fração de ejeção ventricular esquerda encontrava-se acima de 0,35%. RESULTADOS: Na admissão, a dosagem da norepinefrina foi 1.727,50± 794,96 pg/ml, a de troponina I 24,53 ± 14,09 ng/ml e a fração de ejeção do ventrículo esquerdo foi 0,20 ± 0,056. Após 12 horas, os níveis séricos de norepinefrina e de troponina I diminuíram para a metade dos valores iniciais e a fração de ejeção aumentou para 0,32 ± 0,059. Durante as 24 e 48 horas subseqüentes, a fração de ejeção elevou-se para 0,46 ± 0,045 (pFUNDAMENTO: Los niños con picaduras de escorpión sufren activación masiva del sistema nervioso simpático con varios grados de disfunción sistólica ventricular izquierda. OBJETIVO: Probar un protocolo de rescate en niños con disfunción ventricular severa izquierda ocasionada por picadura de escorpión. MÉTODOS: Cuatro niños tras un escorpión picarlas se sometieron a: incubaci

Assessment of inter-atrial, inter-ventricular, and atrio-ventricular interactions in tetralogy of Fallot patients after surgical correction. Insights from two-dimensional speckle tracking and three-dimensional echocardiography.

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Abd El Rahman, Mohamed; Raedle-Hurst, Tanja; Rentzsch, Axel; Schäfers, Hans-Joachim; Abdul-Khaliq, Hashim

2015-10-01

We aimed to assess biatrial size and function, interactions on atrial and ventricular levels, and atrio-ventricular coupling in patients after tetralogy of Fallot repair. A total of 34 patients with a mean age of 20.9±9 years, and 35 healthy controls, underwent two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography for ventricular and atrial strain measurements and real-time three-dimensional echocardiography to assess ventricular and atrial volumes. When compared with controls, tetralogy of Fallot patients had significantly reduced right atrial peak atrial longitudinal strain (ptetralogy of Fallot group, left ventricular ejection fraction was negatively related to the right ventricular end-systolic volume normalised to body surface area (r=-0.62, ptetralogy of Fallot patients, biatrial dysfunction exists and can be quantified via two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography as well as real-time three-dimensional echocardiography. Different forms of interactions on atrial and ventricular levels are evident among such cohorts.

Diagnostic electrocardiographic dyad criteria of emphysema in left ventricular hypertrophy

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Lanjewar SS

2013-11-01

Full Text Available Swapnil S Lanjewar,1 Lovely Chhabra,1 Vinod K Chaubey,1 Saurabh Joshi,1 Ganesh Kulkarni,1 Chandrasekhar Kothagundla,1 Sudesh Kaul,1 David H Spodick21Department of Internal Medicine, 2Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Saint Vincent Hospital, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USABackground: The electrocardiographic diagnostic dyad of emphysema, namely a combination of the frontal vertical P-vector and a narrow QRS duration, can serve as a quasidiagnostic marker for emphysema, with specificity close to 100%. We postulated that the presence of left ventricular hypertrophy in emphysema may affect the sensitivity of this electrocardiographic criterion given that left ventricular hypertrophy generates prominent left ventricular forces and may increase the QRS duration.Methods: We reviewed the electrocardiograms and echocardiograms for 73 patients with emphysema. The patients were divided into two groups based on the presence or absence of echocardiographic evidence of left ventricular hypertrophy. The P-vector, QRS duration, and forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1 were computed and compared between the two subgroups.Results: There was no statistically significant difference in qualitative lung function (FEV1 between the subgroups. There was no statistically significant difference in mean P-vector between the subgroups. The mean QRS duration was significantly longer in patients with left ventricular hypertrophy as compared with those without left ventricular hypertrophy.Conclusion: The presence of left ventricular hypertrophy may not affect the sensitivity of the P-vector verticalization when used as a lone criterion for diagnosing emphysema. However, the presence of left ventricular hypertrophy may significantly reduce the sensitivity of the electrocardiographic diagnostic dyad in emphysema, as it causes a widening of the QRS duration.Keywords: emphysema, electrocardiogram, left ventricular hypertrophy, chronic

A case report of arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia

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Henry Anselmo Mayala

2013-07-01

Full Text Available Background Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia is an autosomal dominant disorder affecting parts of myocardium known as desmosomes, areas on the surface of heart muscle cells which link the cells together. The hallmark feature is fibro-fatty replacement of the right ventricle myocardium characterized by hypokinetic areas with associated arrhythmias originating in the right ventricle. Case Presentation In this report a 42 year old man was admitted at Wuhan union Hospital with the presenting complaints of visual hallucination and difficulty in breathing on exertion, with a family history of sudden death. Clinical and imaging findings are suggestive of Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia. Conclusion Despite being among the rare cardiac disease, Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia is an important cause of ventricular arrhythmias in children and young adults, it is also responsible for sudden cardiac death in the young population, making it necessary for this case report.

[Idiopathic ventricular arrhythmia in children. Apropos of 24 cases].

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Coeurderoy, A; Almange, C; Laurent, M; Biron, Y; Leborgne, P

1985-12-01

The severity and prognosis of idiopathic ventricular arrhythmias in childhood were studied in 24 patients (12 boys, 12 girls) with an average age of 8 years at the time of diagnosis of the arrhythmia. Investigations included clinical assessment and analysis of basal ECG (morphology of the arrhythmias) and dynamic recordings (Holter and exercise stress testing). The clinical course was followed for an average of 3.8 years. The patients were classified in two groups: monomorphic arrhythmias (Group I) and polymorphic arrhythmias (Group II). Group I was divided into 4 subgroups: isolated ventricular extrasystoles (IA), 11 patients; ventricular extrasystoles with bursts of ventricular tachycardia (IB), 6 patients; sustained ventricular tachycardia without intercritical extrasystoles (IC), 1 patient; accelerated idioventricular rhythm (ID), 2 patients. Subgroups IA, IB and ID were characterised by the absence of symptoms, the disappearance of the arrhythmia on exercise, the decreased efficacy of antiarrhythmic drugs and an excellent prognosis. Therapeutic abstention was the rule in these patients. Patients in Group IC were characterised by the variability of their symptoms, the absence of exercise induced arrhythmias, the need for treatment in most cases and a good long-term prognosis. Group II was divided into 2 subgroups: adrenergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (IIA), 2 patients, and non-adrenergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (IIB), 2 patients. Patients in Subgroup IIA were characterised by syncope on exercise or emotion, the need for betablocker therapy which considerably improved the patients symptoms but which did not usually prevent sudden death.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Ventricular and myocardial scintiscanning: Methodical fundamentals

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Standke, R.; Hoer, G.; Maul, F.D.

1984-01-01

Nuclear cardiology is concerned with non invasive procedures to quantitate global and regional left ventricular function (Radionuclide ventriculography), also the imaging of vitally perfused myocardium (Myocardial scintigraphy) is achieved. A gammacamera and a minicomputer are necessary. Radionuclide ventriculography enables the analysis of global and regional time dependent left ventricular volume curves and hence the evaluation of contraction and contractility of the heart muscle. The basis is a sequence of scans covering an average heartcycle. This sequence may be produced either by first pass or equilibrium technique. Myocardial scintigraphy at rest images vital myocardium, scans immediately after exercise represent the interference of myocardial perfusion and muscle mass. The regional difference (Redistribution) between normalized exercise- and rest scans provide quantitative parameters to detect impairment of exercise-induced myocardial perfusion anomalies. The procedures of sectorial analysis of left ventricular function and myocardial perfusion are presented. (orig.) [de

Left ventricular dysfunction after closure of large patent ductus arteriosus.

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Galal, M Omar; Amin, Mohamed; Hussein, Arif; Kouatli, Amjad; Al-Ata, Jameel; Jamjoom, Ahmed

2005-03-01

Changes in left ventricular dimensions and performance were studied in 43 patients after transcatheter occlusion or surgical ligation of patent ductus arteriosus. The patients were assigned to 2 groups based on their ductal diameter: >/= 3.1 mm to group A (n = 27) and ventricular end-diastolic diameter than group B, while all patients had normal shortening fraction and ejection fraction. Within 1 month after intervention, left ventricular end-diastolic diameter showed a trend towards regression while shortening fraction and ejection fraction decreased significantly in group A. There were no significant changes in these parameters in group B. Between 1 and 6 months after intervention, left ventricular performance improved in most of the group A patients who were followed up. We conclude that closure of large ductus arteriosus in children leads to significant immediate deterioration of left ventricular performance, which appears to recover within a few months. Echocardiographic study before hospital discharge is recommended in these patients. Serious deterioration of ventricular performance after closure may warrant the use of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors.

A case of appropriate inappropriate device therapy: Hyperkalemia-induced ventricular oversensing

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Oudit, Gavin Y; Cameron, Doug; Harris, Louise

2008-01-01

The present case describes a patient who received inappropriate, but potentially life-saving, therapy from her implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) in the setting of acute hyperkalemia (plasma potassium concentration = 8 mM). Hyperkalemia was associated with the development of a slow sinusoidal ventricular tachycardia, at a rate of 100 beats/min to 125 beats/min (610 ms to 480 ms) in a patient who is pacemaker-dependent. There was associated fractionation of the ICD electrogram and T wave oversensing, leading to ventricular oversensing with resultant detection in the ventricular fibrillation rate zone. This was followed by shock therapy, even though the ventricular tachycardia rate was below the programmed detection rate of the ICD. The subsequent emergency treatment of the hyperkalemia normalized the electrogram, corrected the ventricular oversensing and arrhythmia, and restored rate-adaptive single-chamber ventricular pacing. PMID:18340383

Differential diagnosis of the 4th ventricular tumors

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lee, Sang Woo; Lee, Jong Min; Kang, Moo Song; Kim, Chul Min; Kim, Chang Soo

1997-01-01

To determine by analysis of MR and CT findings the points of differentiation among 4th ventricular tumors, especially the change of shape of the 4th ventricle caused by the site at which 4th ventricular tumors originate. The authors retrospectively analyzed and compared the CT(n=5) and MRI(n=12) findings of 13 pathologically proven 4th ventricular tumors comprising six medulloblastomas three ependymomas(4 cases) and three choroids plexus papillomas. On axial MRI medulloblastomas showed anterior and anterolateral CSF-clefts between the tumor mass and the 4th ventricular wall in one and five cases, respectively; on sagittal MRI, anterior beaking of the upper 4th ventricle was seen. Two ependymomas showed posterolateral CSF-cleft on axial MRI and posterior beaking of the upper 4th ventricle on sagittal MRI. Two ependymomas and all choroids plexus papillomas showed anterior, posterior and lateral CSF-clefts on axial MRI, and anterior and posterior beakings of the upper 4th ventricle on sagittal MRI. On Gd-DTPA enhanced T1WI, all medulloblastomas and ependymomas showed inhomogeneous enhancement, and all choroids plexus papillomas showed homogeneous enhancement. On CT, tow choroids plexus papillomas showed dense calcifications. The differential diagnosis of 4th ventricular tumors can be preoperatively suggested by analysis of findings such as a CSF-cleft between the tumor mass and the 4th ventricular wall on axial MR and CT images, the shape of the upper 4th ventricle on sagittal MRI, contrast enhancement pattern, necrosis and cyst, and CSF seeding

Aneurisma da Artéria Renal: cirurgia renal ex-vivo - a propósito de um caso clínico Renal Artery Aneurysm: ex-vivo repair - a case report

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Clara Nogueira

2012-09-01

Full Text Available Os aneurismas da artéria renal (AAR são raros, frequentemente assintomáticos, de etiologia variada, frequentemente secundários a aterosclerose e anomalias congénitas. Os AAR com diâmetro superior a 2 cm têm indicação cirúrgica. A escolha da técnica cirúrgica depende da localização anatómica e complexidade do AAR, bem como do tempo previsível de isquemia renal. Os autores descrevem um caso de auto-transplante renal, para tratamento de dois AAR complexos.Renal artery aneurysms (RAA are rare, frequently asymptomatic, with variable etiology, frequently due to atherosclerosis and congenital anomalies. Surgical treatment is indicated for RAA with a diameter greater to 2 cm. Surgical technique will depend on RAA anatomic localization and complexity, as well as, predicted renal isquemic time. The authors report an auto-transplant for treatment of two complex RAA.

Usefulness of ventricular endocardial electric reconstruction from body surface potential maps to noninvasively localize ventricular ectopic activity in patients

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Lai, Dakun; Sun, Jian; Li, Yigang; He, Bin

2013-06-01

As radio frequency (RF) catheter ablation becomes increasingly prevalent in the management of ventricular arrhythmia in patients, an accurate and rapid determination of the arrhythmogenic site is of important clinical interest. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that the inversely reconstructed ventricular endocardial current density distribution from body surface potential maps (BSPMs) can localize the regions critical for maintenance of a ventricular ectopic activity. Patients with isolated and monomorphic premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) were investigated by noninvasive BSPMs and subsequent invasive catheter mapping and ablation. Equivalent current density (CD) reconstruction (CDR) during symptomatic PVCs was obtained on the endocardial ventricular surface in six patients (four men, two women, years 23-77), and the origin of the spontaneous ectopic activity was localized at the location of the maximum CD value. Compared with the last (successful) ablation site (LAS), the mean and standard deviation of localization error of the CDR approach were 13.8 and 1.3 mm, respectively. In comparison, the distance between the LASs and the estimated locations of an equivalent single moving dipole in the heart was 25.5 ± 5.5 mm. The obtained CD distribution of activated sources extending from the catheter ablation site also showed a high consistency with the invasively recorded electroanatomical maps. The noninvasively reconstructed endocardial CD distribution is suitable to predict a region of interest containing or close to arrhythmia source, which may have the potential to guide RF catheter ablation.

chronic sleep deprevation and ventricular arrhythmias: effect of symphatic nervous system

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Samira Choopani

2016-04-01

Full Text Available Introduction: We assessed the effect of chronic sleep deprivation on incidence of ischemia/reperfusion-induced ventricular arrhythmias (ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation and the role of the sympathetic nervous system in this respect. Material and methods: Rats were randomly divided into four groups; 1 ischemia/reperfusion group (IR: 30 minutes ischemia followed by 60 minutes reperfusion was induced, 2 control group (CON: rats has been placed in large multiple platforms for 72h prior to ischemia and reperfusion, 3 Chronic sleep deprivation group( SD: 72h sleep deprivation was induced by using small  multiple platform prior to ischemia and reperfusion, 4 Sympathectomy group (SYM: chemical sympathectomy was done 24h before to chronic sleep deprivation and then underwent ischemia and reperfusion. The heart isolated and perfused by langendorff apparatus. After thoracotomy and aorta cannulation, the hearts perfused in the langendorff apparatus using krebs-Henseleit buffer. Hearts were allowed to recovery for 15 min. After recovery period, 15 minutes was considered as baseline prior to 30 minutes ischemia followed by 60 minutes reperfusion.Tow thin stainless stell electrodes fixed on the ventricular apex and right atrium for recording the lead II of electrocardiogram (ECG.Results: There were no significant differences between heart rates between groups, and ventricular tachycardia significantly increased in chronic sleep deprivation group As compared with IR group in ischemia period. Sympathectomy significantly reduced ventricular tachycardia incidence when compared with SD. There is no difference in incidence of ventricular tachycardia between control group and IR group. The incidence of ventricular fibrillation during early reperfusion was significantly augmented (P<0.05 in sleep deprivation group as compared with IR group and Sympathectomy significantly could reverse ventricular fibrillation incidence to IR group level as

Patterns of left ventricular remodeling among patients with essential and secondary hypertension.

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Radulescu, Dan; Stoicescu, Laurentiu; Buzdugan, Elena; Donca, Valer

2013-12-01

High blood pressure causes left ventricular hypertrophy, which is a negative prognostic factor among hypertensive patients. To assess left ventricular geometric remodeling patterns in patients with essential hypertension or with hypertension secondary to parenchymal renal disease. We analyzed data from echocardiograms performed in 250 patients with essential hypertension (150 females) and 100 patients with secondary hypertension (60 females). The interventricular septum and the left ventricular posterior wall thickness were measured in the parasternal long-axis. Left ventricular mass was calculated using the Devereaux formula. The most common remodeling type in females and males with essential hypertension were eccentric and concentric left ventricular hypertrophy (cLVH), respectively. Among patients with secondary arterial hypertension, cLVH was most commonly observed in both genders. The prevalence of left ventricular hypertrophy was higher among patients with secondary hypertension. The left ventricular mass index and the relative left ventricular wall thickness were higher in males and also in the secondary hypertension group. Age, blood pressure values and the duration of hypertension, influenced remodeling patterns. We documented a higher prevalence of LVH among patients with secondary hypertension. The type of ventricular remodeling depends on gender, age, type of hypertension, blood pressure values and the duration of hypertension.

Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD)

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... Call your doctor if your baby or child: Tires easily when eating or playing Is not gaining ... heart procedures. Risk factors Ventricular septal defects may run in families and sometimes may occur with other ...

Epicardial deployment of right ventricular disk during perventricular device closure in a child with apical muscular ventricular septal defect

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Nageswara Rao Koneti

2013-01-01

Full Text Available We report a successful perventricular closure of an apical muscular ventricular septal defect (mVSD by a modified technique. An eight-month-old infant, weighing 6.5 kilograms, presented with refractory heart failure. The transthoracic echocardiogram showed multiple apical mVSDs with the largest one measuring 10 mm. perventricular device closure using a 12 mm Amplatzer mVSD occluder was planned. The left ventricular disk was positioned approximating the interventricular septum; however, the right ventricular (RV disk was deployed on the free wall of the RV due to an absent apical muscular septum and a small cavity at the apex. The RV disk of the device was covered using an autologous pericardium. His heart failure improved during follow-up.

Right ventricular functional analysis utilizing first pass radionuclide angiography for pre-operative ventricular assist device planning: a multi-modality comparison.

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Avery, Ryan; Day, Kevin; Jokerst, Clinton; Kazui, Toshinobu; Krupinski, Elizabeth; Khalpey, Zain

2017-10-10

Advanced heart failure treated with a left ventricular assist device is associated with a higher risk of right heart failure. Many advanced heart failures patients are treated with an ICD, a relative contraindication to MRI, prior to assist device placement. Given this limitation, left and right ventricular function for patients with an ICD is calculated using radionuclide angiography utilizing planar multigated acquisition (MUGA) and first pass radionuclide angiography (FPRNA), respectively. Given the availability of MRI protocols that can accommodate patients with ICDs, we have correlated the findings of ventricular functional analysis using radionuclide angiography to cardiac MRI, the reference standard for ventricle function calculation, to directly correlate calculated ejection fractions between these modalities, and to also assess agreement between available echocardiographic and hemodynamic parameters of right ventricular function. A retrospective review from January 2012 through May 2014 was performed to identify advanced heart failure patients who underwent both cardiac MRI and radionuclide angiography for ventricular functional analysis. Nine heart failure patients (8 men, 1 woman; mean age of 57.0 years) were identified. The average time between the cardiac MRI and radionuclide angiography exams was 38.9 days (range: 1 - 119 days). All patients undergoing cardiac MRI were scanned using an institutionally approved protocol for ICD with no device-related complications identified. A retrospective chart review of each patient for cardiomyopathy diagnosis, clinical follow-up, and echocardiogram and right heart catheterization performed during evaluation was also performed. The 9 patients demonstrated a mean left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) using cardiac MRI of 20.7% (12 - 40%). Mean LVEF using MUGA was 22.6% (12 - 49%). The mean right ventricular ejection fraction (RVEF) utilizing cardiac MRI was 28.3% (16 - 43%), and the mean RVEF calculated by

Oclusão percutânea do apêndice atrial esquerdo com o Amplatzer Cardiac PlugTM na fibrilação atrial Percutaneous occlusion of left atrial appendage with the Amplatzer Cardiac PlugTM in atrial fibrillation

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Márcio José Montenegro

2012-02-01

Full Text Available Fundamento: A fibrilação atrial está associada a acidentes vasculares embólicos que frequentemente resultam em morte ou invalidez. Eficaz na redução desses eventos, a anticoagulação possui várias limitações e vem sendo amplamente subutilizada. Mais de 90% dos trombos identificados nos portadores de fibrilação atrial sem doença valvar se originam no apêndice atrial esquerdo, cuja oclusão é investigada como uma alternativa à anticoagulação. Objetivo: Determinar a viabilidade da oclusão percutânea do apêndice atrial esquerdo em pacientes com alto risco de eventos embólicos e limitações ao uso de anticoagulação. Métodos: Relatamos a experiência inicial com o Amplatzer Cardiac PlugTM (St. Jude Medical Inc., Saint Paul, Estados Unidos em pacientes com fibrilação atrial não valvar. Foram selecionados pacientes com alto risco de tromboembolia, sangramentos maiores e contraindicações ao uso ou grande labilidade na resposta ao anticoagulante. Os procedimentos foram realizados por via percutânea, sob anestesia geral e com ecocardiografia transesofágica. O desfecho primário foi a presença de complicações periprocedimento e o seguimento programado incluiu reavaliação clínica e ecocardiográfica em 30 dias e por contato telefônico após nove meses. Resultados: Nos cinco pacientes selecionados se conseguiu a oclusão do apêndice atrial esquerdo sem complicações periprocedimento. Não houve eventos clínicos no seguimento. Conclusão: Ensaios clínicos controlados são necessários antes que o fechamento percutâneo do apêndice atrial esquerdo constitua uma alternativa à anticoagulação na fibrilação atrial não associada a doença valvar. Mas o dispositivo se mostrou promissor em pacientes com alto risco de embolia e restrições ao uso de anticoagulantes.Background: Atrial fibrillation is associated with embolic strokes that often result in death or disability. Effective in reducing these events

Associations of Blood Pressure Dipping Patterns With Left Ventricular Mass and Left Ventricular Hypertrophy in Blacks: The Jackson Heart Study.

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Abdalla, Marwah; Caughey, Melissa C; Tanner, Rikki M; Booth, John N; Diaz, Keith M; Anstey, D Edmund; Sims, Mario; Ravenell, Joseph; Muntner, Paul; Viera, Anthony J; Shimbo, Daichi

2017-04-05

Abnormal diurnal blood pressure (BP), including nondipping patterns, assessed using ambulatory BP monitoring, have been associated with increased cardiovascular risk among white and Asian adults. We examined the associations of BP dipping patterns (dipping, nondipping, and reverse dipping) with cardiovascular target organ damage (left ventricular mass index and left ventricular hypertrophy), among participants from the Jackson Heart Study, an exclusively black population-based cohort. Analyses included 1015 participants who completed ambulatory BP monitoring and had echocardiography data from the baseline visit. Participants were categorized based on the nighttime to daytime systolic BP ratio into 3 patterns: dipping pattern (≤0.90), nondipping pattern (>0.90 to ≤1.00), and reverse dipping pattern (>1.00). The prevalence of dipping, nondipping, and reverse dipping patterns was 33.6%, 48.2%, and 18.2%, respectively. In a fully adjusted model, which included antihypertensive medication use and clinic and daytime systolic BP, the mean differences in left ventricular mass index between reverse dipping pattern versus dipping pattern was 8.3±2.1 g/m 2 ( P pattern versus dipping pattern was -1.0±1.6 g/m 2 ( P =0.536). Compared with participants with a dipping pattern, the prevalence ratio for having left ventricular hypertrophy was 1.65 (95% CI, 1.05-2.58) and 0.96 (95% CI, 0.63-1.97) for those with a reverse dipping pattern and nondipping pattern, respectively. In this population-based study of blacks, a reverse dipping pattern was associated with increased left ventricular mass index and a higher prevalence of left ventricular hypertrophy. Identification of a reverse dipping pattern on ambulatory BP monitoring may help identify black at increased risk for cardiovascular target organ damage. © 2017 The Authors. Published on behalf of the American Heart Association, Inc., by Wiley.

Right Ventricular Ejection Fraction using ECG-Gated First Pass Cardioangiography

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Moon, Young Hee; Lee, Hae Giu; Lee, Sung Yong; Park, Suk Min; Chung, Soo Kyo; Yim, Jeong Ik; Bahk, Yong Whee; Shinn, Kyung Sub; Kim, Young Gyun; Kwon, Soon Seog [Catholic University College of Medicine, Seoul (Korea, Republic of)

1993-03-15

Radionuclide cardioangiography has been widely applied and has played major roles in moninvasive assessment of cardiac function. Three techniques, first-pass gated first and gated equilibrium methods have commonly been used to evaluate right ventricular ejection fraction which usually abnormal in the patients with cardiopulmonary disease. It has been known that the gated first pass method is most accurate method among the three techniques in assessment of fight ventricular ejection fraction. The radionuclide right ventricular ejection fraction values were determined in 13 normal subjects and in 15 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease by the gated first pass method and compared with those of the first pass method because there has been no published data of fight ejection fraction by the gated first pass method were compared with the defects from the pulmonary function test performed in the patients with chronic obstructive pulmomary disease. The results were as follows; 1) The values of fight ventricular ejection fraction by the gated first pass method were 50.1 +- 6.1% in normal subjects and 38.5 +- 8.5 in the patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. There was statistically significant difference between the right ventricular ejection fraction of each of the two groups (p<0.05) 2) The right ventricular ejection fraction by the gated first pass method was not linearly correlated ith FEV{sub 1}, VC. DLCO. and FVC as well as P{sub a}O2 and P{sub a}CO2 of the patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. We concluded that right ventricular ejection fraction by the gated first pass method using radionuclide cardioangiography may be useful in clinical assessment of the right ventricular function.

Quantitative measurement of ventricular dilatation on CT scan

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Okita, Naoshi; Mochizuki, Hiroshi; Takase, Sadao

1985-01-01

Cerebral atrophy might be judged from the ventricular dilatation with some indices, calculated from various ventricular width. But, there is no general agreement on what index is the most reliable. In this paper, we attempted to establish the index, easy to measure and most reliable. Our method is as follow. 1) We carried out the CT scan (EMI 1010) on 89 neurologically intact patients. Scans were parallel to orbito-meatal line (OML), and were 10 mm in thickness. On CT scan films, various width, area of anterior horns and area of bodies of lateral ventricles were measured. Measurement about the anterior horns of lateral ventricles were carried out on image the most clearly showed the foramen of Monro. And measurements about the bodies of lateral ventricles were on image, 20 mm above the image of anterior horn. Correlations of various width and areas were calculated. Then we proposed new indices with high correlations (over 0.9) with ventricular area; Anterior horn CVI (Cerebro-Ventricular Index) and Body CVI. 2) Patients with myotonic dystrophy show cerebral atrophy. We carried out the CT scan (GECT/T 8800) on 17 myotonic dystrophy patients and 30 controls. Between the two groups, age and sex were almost matched. In the two groups, we calculated our new indices as well as various indices which have been reported; Huckman number, Bifrontal CVI, Bicaudal CVI, Anterior horn index, Hirajima's index, and Cella-media index. The data were analyzed statistically. The ventricular dilatation of myotonic dystrophy patients is more definite with Anterior horn CVI, Bicaudal CVI and Body CVI (p<0.01). These indices have higher correlations with the ventricular area (about 0.9). (J.P.N.)

Assessment of ventricular function by radionuclide ventriculography in hyperthyroidism

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Dong Weiyu; He Pinyu; Zhuang Weite

1996-01-01

Left ventricular(LV) and right ventricular(RV) function were determined using radionuclide ventriculography in 50 patients with hyperthyroidism. LVEF, LVPFR, SV of the hyperthyroidism group were decreased in comparison with the normal group (P<0.01), whereas CO of the hyperthyroidism patients were higher than that of normal (P<0.01). Except LVPER, the LVEF, SV had significant difference between two groups. Compared to normal group, RVEF, RVPER, RVPFR were also decreased (P<0.01). Besides 30 cases of the hyperthyroidism were examined by impedance cardiogram (ICG) and impedance pulmonary rheogram (IPR), all showed closely correlation with the parameters determined by ventriculography. There was the involvement of right ventricular function insufficiency, especially in ejection phase. When compared with pre-therapy, pos-therapy cases showed significant improvement in EF, PER, PFR of left and right ventricular

Noninvasive assessment of right ventricular wall motion by radionuclide cardioangiography

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Nishimura, Tsunehiko; Uehara, Toshiisa; Naito, Hiroaki; Hayashida, Kohei; Kozuka, Takahiro

1981-01-01

Radionuclide cardioangiography is a useful method to evaluate the left ventricular wall motion in various heart diseases. It has been also attempted to assess the right ventricular wall motion simultaneously by radionuclide method. In this study, using the combination of first-pass (RAO 30 0 ) and multi-gate (LAO 40 0 ) method, the site of right vetricle was classified in five. (1 inflow, 2 sinus, 3 outflow, 4 septal, 5 lateral) and the degree of wall motion was classified in four stages (dyskinesis, akinesis, hypokinesis, normal) according to the AHA committee report. These methods were applied clinically to forty-eight patients with various heart diseases. In the cases with right ventricular pressure or volume overload such as COLD, pulmonary infarction, the right ventricle was dilated and the wall motion was reduced in all portions. Especially, in the cases with right ventricular infarction, the right ventricular wall motion was reduced in the infarcted area. The findings of radionuclide method were in good agreement with those of contrast right ventriculography or echocardiography. In conclusion, radionuclide cardioangiography is a useful and noninvasive method to assess not only the left but also the right ventricular wall motion. (author)

Interdependence of right ventricular systolic function and left ventricular filling and its association with outcome for patients with pulmonary hypertension.

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Motoji, Yoshiki; Tanaka, Hidekazu; Fukuda, Yuko; Sano, Hiroyuki; Ryo, Keiko; Imanishi, Junichi; Miyoshi, Tatsuya; Sawa, Takuma; Mochizuki, Yasuhide; Matsumoto, Kensuke; Emoto, Noriaki; Hirata, Ken-ichi

2015-04-01

Although impaired right ventricular (RV) performance has been associated with adverse outcomes for pulmonary hypertension (PH) patients, the relationship between bi-ventricular interdependence and outcomes is not yet fully understood. We studied 96 PH patients. RV systolic function was assessed by means of RV free-wall longitudinal speckle-tracking strain (RV-free), and left ventricular (LV) filling as early diastolic transmitral flow velocity (TMF-E). RV-free ≤19 % and TMF-E functional class IV and brain natriuretic peptide >150 pg/dl (χ(2) = 1.2) was improved by the addition of RV-free (χ(2) = 5.5, p = 0.04) as well as of TMF-E (χ(2) = 11.5, p = 0.01). In conclusions, RV systolic function was shown to correlate significantly with LV filling in PH patients. In addition, not only assessment of RV systolic function, but also of a combined bi-ventricular parameter comprising RV systolic function and LV filling may well have clinical implications for more successful management of PH patients.

Ventricular rhythm in atrial fibrillation under anaesthetic infusion with propofol

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Cervigón, R; Moreno, J; Pérez-Villacastín, J; Reilly, R B; Castells, F

2009-01-01

Changes in patients' autonomic tone and specific pharmacologic interventions may modify the ventricular response (actual heart rate) during atrial fibrillation (AF). Hypnotic agents such as propofol may modify autonomic balance as they promote a sedative state. It has been shown that propofol slightly slows atrial fibrillatory activity, but the net global effect on the ventricular response remains unknown. We aimed to evaluate in patients in AF the effect of a propofol bolus on the ventricular rate and regularity at ECG. We analysed the possible relation with local atrial fibrillatory activities, as ratios between atrial and ventricular rates (AVRs), analysing atrial activity from intracardiac electrograms at the free wall of the right and left atria and at the interatrial septum. We compared data at the baseline and after complete hypnosis. Propofol was associated with a more homogeneous ventricular response and lower AVR values at the interatrial septum

Bidirectional ventricular tachycardia of unknown etiology

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ali, M.; Khan, J.A.; Masood, T.; Shamsi, F.; Dero, M.H.; Khan, S.

2013-01-01

A 45 years old male presented to the emergency department with palpitations, headache and apprehension. His electrocardiogram revealed bidirectional ventricular tachycardia. He remained vitally stable and responded to intravenous beta-blocker. Initially digitalis toxicity was suspected but history was negative for digitalis intake. The cause remained unidentified in patient despite detailed investigations. During a short follow-up (of 6 months) he remained asymptomatic and no cause was further identified during this period. Some other unseen causes of bidirectional ventricular tachycardia need to be explored. (author)

An Incidentally Detected Right Ventricular Pseudoaneurysm

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Vamsi C. Gaddipati

2017-01-01

Full Text Available Ventricular pseudoaneurysm is an uncommon, potentially fatal complication that has been associated with myocardial infarction, cardiac surgery, chest trauma, and infectious processes. Diagnosis can be challenging, as cases are rare and slowly progressing and typically lack identifiable features on clinical presentation. As a result, advanced imaging techniques have become the hallmark of identification. Ahead, we describe a patient who presents with acute decompensated heart failure and was incidentally discovered to have a large right ventricular pseudoaneurysm that developed following previous traumatic anterior rib fracture.

Aneurisma luético de arco aórtico roto, complicado pela oclusão de vasos braquiocefálicos e acidente vascular encefálico isquêmico: relato de caso tratado cirurgicamente

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CORSO Ricardo Barros

2002-01-01

Full Text Available Homem de 44 anos, com dor torácica crônica há um ano, apresentou dois episódios de acidentes vasculares encefálicos isquêmicos, desencadeados pela oclusão e trombose das artérias carótida e subclávia esquerdas, em aneurisma sifilítico gigante de arco aórtico roto. O paciente foi submetido à correção cirúrgica com sucesso via esternotomia mediana, utilizando-se proteção cerebral anterógrada e perfusão corporal distal contínuas. Aspectos referentes à técnica operatória utilizada e ampla revisão bibliográfica das diferentes formas de apresentação do comprometimento cardiovascular na sífilis terciária são discutidos.

What is the clinical significance of ventricular mural antagonism?

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Lunkenheimer, Paul P; Niederer, Peter; Stephenson, Robert S

2018-01-01

alignment, thus deviating from the prevailing tangential orientation. Upon contraction, they produce, in addition to a tangential force, a radial force component that counteracts ventricular constriction and aids widening of the ventricular cavity. In experimental studies, we have provided evidence...... for the existence of such forces, which are auxotonic in nature. This is in contrast to the tangentially aligned myocytes that produce constrictive forces, which are unloading in nature. The ventricular myocardium is, therefore, able to function in an antagonistic fashion, with the prevailing constrictive forces...

A consideration of a measuring point of ventricular dilatation on CT scanning

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kuno, Koichi; Miyake, Kazuo

1980-01-01

Ventricular dilatation has been judged by pneumo-ventricurography, pneumo-encepharography and carotid angiography (CAG), though all these procedures are very uncomfortable for patients. On the other hand, the CT scan is very easy as a follow-up study of ventricular dilatation for a weak patient. We carried out the CT scan (Hitachi CT-H 250 Scanner, NaI detector) and CAG on 84 cases. The ventricular dilatation was judged by the degree of outstretch of the strio-thalamic vein on an AP view of the phrebogram, classified into 3 types. For all three types classified by the phrebogram, we studied various measuring points of the ventricle on the CT scan. The portions measured on the CT scan were: (1) the frontal cerebro-ventricular index (F-CVI), (2) the bicaudate cerebro-ventricular index (Bicaud-CVI), and (3) the maximum Monro's cerebro-ventricular index (M-CVI), the width of the frontal horn, and the thickness of the ventricular body. The following results were obtained: (1) In measuring the ventricular size on the CT scan, the most interrelated point with the ventricular dilatation is the M-CVI - the ratio of the largest width of the body through the Monro foramen to the width of the brain. In this case, however, the width of the frontal horn and of the body should also be considered. (2) Voltage and electric current changed the EMI-number, but did not alter the measuring value. In this case, the width and the level should be kept constant. (3) The group with the marked ventricular dilatation has a larger value of the CT scan than its value of GAG. (4) The normal value of the M-CVI is 24 +- 3%, moreover, the width of the frontal horn is less than 10 mm, and the thickness of the ventricular body is less than 17 mm. (author)

Effect of Hemodialysis on Left and Right Ventricular Volume and Function

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Han, Jin Suk; Koh, Chang Soon

1985-01-01

With the improvement of hemodialysis, the course of thc discase in patient with endstage renal disease has been clearly improved. Nevertheless, among several shortcomings to our present mode of renal replacement therapy, cardiovascular complications have been the leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Several factors such as anemia, arteriovenous shunting of blood, intermittent extracorporeal circulation and hypertension may be contributing. But little is known about the quantitative cardiac hemodynamic characteristics occurred during hemodialysis. The purpose of this study is to observe the sequential hemodynamic changes before, during and after the hemodialysis and to investigate: reliable parameters in the detection of ventricular dysfunction. In the present study, equilibrium radionuclide cardiac angiography was performed and left and right ventricular volume indices, ejection phase indices of both ventricular, performance were measured in the 16 stable patients with chronic renal failure treated with maintenance hemodialysis sequentially i.e. before, during (carly and late phase) and after the hemodialysis. The results obtained were as follows; 1) The indices of the left ventricular function were not changed during the hemodialysis but increased after the hemodialysis. 2) The indices of the right ventricular function(EF, SVI) were significantly decreased in the early phase (15, 30 minutes after starting extracorporeal circulation) but recovered after the hemodialysis, 3) The ratio of right ventricular to left ventricular ejection fraction was significantly decreased in the early phase and the lung volume indices were significantly increased at the same phase. As a conclusion, hemodialysis improves left ventricular function maybe du to increased contractility, and effects on the right ventricular function maybe due to the increased lung volume in the early phase of hemodialysis.

Effect of Hemodialysis on Left and Right Ventricular Volume and Function

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Han, Jin Suk; Koh, Chang Soon [Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul (Korea, Republic of)

1985-09-15

With the improvement of hemodialysis, the course of thc discase in patient with endstage renal disease has been clearly improved. Nevertheless, among several shortcomings to our present mode of renal replacement therapy, cardiovascular complications have been the leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Several factors such as anemia, arteriovenous shunting of blood, intermittent extracorporeal circulation and hypertension may be contributing. But little is known about the quantitative cardiac hemodynamic characteristics occurred during hemodialysis. The purpose of this study is to observe the sequential hemodynamic changes before, during and after the hemodialysis and to investigate: reliable parameters in the detection of ventricular dysfunction. In the present study, equilibrium radionuclide cardiac angiography was performed and left and right ventricular volume indices, ejection phase indices of both ventricular, performance were measured in the 16 stable patients with chronic renal failure treated with maintenance hemodialysis sequentially i.e. before, during (carly and late phase) and after the hemodialysis. The results obtained were as follows; 1) The indices of the left ventricular function were not changed during the hemodialysis but increased after the hemodialysis. 2) The indices of the right ventricular function(EF, SVI) were significantly decreased in the early phase (15, 30 minutes after starting extracorporeal circulation) but recovered after the hemodialysis, 3) The ratio of right ventricular to left ventricular ejection fraction was significantly decreased in the early phase and the lung volume indices were significantly increased at the same phase. As a conclusion, hemodialysis improves left ventricular function maybe du to increased contractility, and effects on the right ventricular function maybe due to the increased lung volume in the early phase of hemodialysis.

Complex paraclinoidal and giant cavernous aneurysms: importance of preoperative evaluation with temporary balloon occlusion test and SPECT Aneurismas paraclinoideos complexos e cavernosos gigantes: importância da avaliação pré-operatória com teste de oclusão temporária com balão e SPECT

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Antônio Aversa do Souto

2006-09-01

Full Text Available In the treatment of complex paraclinoidal and giant cavernous aneurysms, preservation of the patency of the internal carotid artery (ICA is not always possible, and therapeutic occlusion of the carotid is still an important option for their management. A complete preoperative evaluation of the carotid reserve circulation, including the use of temporary balloon occlusion test and single photon emission computerized tomography (SPECT should be included in the current paradigms of paraclinoidal and intracavernous aneurysms management. We present a series of fifteen patients with sixteen giant or complex carotid cavernous or ophthalmic aneurysms that were treated following a protocol for our preoperative decision-making analysis. Extracranial to intracranial saphenous vein bypass was reserved to the cases where carotid occlusion would be associated with high risk of ischemic complications and was performed in three patients. Besides the difficulties in dealing with those complex aneurysms, good clinical outcome was possible in our experience with the designed paradigm.No tratamento de aneurismas paraclinoideos complexos e cavernosos gigantes, a preservação da patência vascular nem sempre é possível, e a oclusão terapêutica da carótida ainda é uma opção importante no seu manejo. Uma avaliação pré-operatória completa da reserva circulatória carotídea, incluindo o uso do teste de oclusão temporária por balão associado à tomografia computadorizada por emissão de fóton único (SPECT podem ser de grande utilidade para definir a opção terapêutica a ser adotada. Nós apresentamos uma série de quinze pacientes com dezesseis aneurismas complexos ou gigantes do segmento oftálmico e cavernoso da artéria carótida, que foram tratados de acordo com determinado protocolo de investigação pré-operatória. Anastomose com enxerto de veia safena entre a carótida extra e intracraniana foi reservada para os casos em que a oclusão carot

Left ventricular pressure and volume data acquisition and analysis using LabVIEW.

Science.gov (United States)

Cassidy, S C; Teitel, D F

1997-03-01

To automate analysis of left ventricular pressure-volume data, we used LabVIEW to create applications that digitize and display data recorded from conductance and manometric catheters. Applications separate data into cardiac cycles, calculate parallel conductance, and calculate indices of left ventricular function, including end-systolic elastance, preload-recruitable stroke work, stroke volume, ejection fraction, stroke work, maximum and minimum derivative of ventricular pressure, heart rate, indices of relaxation, peak filling rate, and ventricular chamber stiffness. Pressure-volume loops can be graphically displayed. These analyses are exported to a text-file. These applications have simplified and automated the process of evaluating ventricular function.

Independence of intrapericardial right and left ventricular performance in septic pulmonary hypertension

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Boeck, J.C.; Eichstaedt, H.; Barker, B.C.; Lewis, F.R.; Lim, A.D.; Pollycove, M.

1990-01-01

To study the effect of septic pulmonary hypertension on right/left ventricular intrapericardial interactions thirteen trauma patients, seven septic and six nonseptic controls, were compared. Ventricular volumes were derived from firstpass or gated equilibrium radionuclide angiocardiography, and related to body surface area. Systemic and pulmonary pressures were measured invasively. Pulmonary arterial pressure was significantly increased in the sepsis group. Although right ventricular end-diastolic volumes were higher in sepsis, left ventricular end-diastolic volumes were not decreased. In terms of intrapericardial right/left ventricular interactions these results indicate that the right and left ventricles operate independently in septic pulmonary hypertension. (orig.) [de

Ventricular dyssynchrony as a cause of structural disease in the heart of Dorper sheep

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J. Ker

2004-11-01

Full Text Available Ventricular dyssynchrony is a disturbance of the normal, organized electromechanical coupling of the two ventricles. This condition has many causes, such as left bundle branch block, ventricular preexcitation, right ventricular pacing and right ventricular premature ventricular complexes (PVCs. Ventricular dyssynchrony has many adverse haemodynamic effects on the left ventricle and we wanted to know whether these adverse haemodynamic effects might have any structural consequences on the left ventricles of such hearts. Six healthy Dorper wethers were subjected to numerous right ventricular PVCs to induce ventricular dyssynchrony in order to determine whether any structural consequences will occur in the left ventricles of these hearts. Myocarditis in the musculature of the left ventricles of all six these hearts was seen.

Measurement of the ventricular system with computed tomography of the brain

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Takayama, Makoto

1979-01-01

In order to establish the diagnostic criteria of a normal ventricular system from the data provided by CT images, including those showing physiological ventricular delatation with age, we have measured, using the ACTA 0100 scanner, the ventricular systems of 348 cases on CT images which were diagnosed as ''nornal'' by several radiologists. We measured the following four widths of the ventricular system: A) width to tips of the frontal horns of the lateral ventricles. B) width at midpoint of the frontal horns of the lateral ventricles, C) width of the third ventricle, and D) width of the body of the lateral ventricles. Measurements were made directly on Polaroid prints, and then the mean and the standard deviation were calculated in each age group. These measurements suggest the following ranges of normal ventricular parameters: A) 38.3 mm or less, B) 20.2 mm or less, C) 6.6 mm or less, and D) 47.0 mm or less. The measurements of the ventricular system showed a steady increase with age. The ventricular systems of 193 cases diagnosed to have no intracranial mass lesion were also measured in different age and symptom groups. Measurements of various parts of the ventricular system on the 193 cases also indicated and increase with age; however, they showed no significant difference in any symptom groups: the convulsion group, the cerebrovascular attack group, the indefinite complaint group (including headaches), the dementia group, the degenerative disease group, or any other. (author)

Impact of aortic prosthesis-patient mismatch on left ventricular mass regression.

Science.gov (United States)

Alassal, Mohamed A; Ibrahim, Bedir M; Elsadeck, Nabil

2014-06-01

Prostheses used for aortic valve replacement may be small in relation to body size, causing prosthesis-patient mismatch and delaying left ventricular mass regression. This study examined the effect of prosthesis-patient mismatch on regression of left ventricular mass after aortic valve replacement. We prospectively studied 96 patients undergoing aortic valve replacement between 2007 and 2012. Mean and peak gradients and indexed effective orifice area were measured by transthoracic echocardiography at 3 and 6 months postoperatively. Patient-prosthesis mismatch was defined as indexed effective orifice area ≤0.85 cm(2)·m(-2). Moderate prosthesis-patient mismatch was present in 25% of patients. There were no significant differences in demographic and operative data between patients with and without prosthesis-patient mismatch. Left ventricular dimensions, posterior wall thickness, transvalvular gradients, and left ventricular mass decreased significantly after aortic valve replacement in both groups. The interventricular septal diameter and left ventricular mass index regression, and left ventricular ejection fraction were better in patients without prosthesis-patient mismatch. There was a significant positive correlation between the postoperative indexed effective orifice area of each valve prosthesis and the rate of left ventricular mass regression. Prosthesis-patient mismatch leads to higher transprosthetic gradients and impaired left ventricular mass regression. A small-sized valve prosthesis does not necessarily result in prosthesis-patient mismatch, and may be perfectly adequate in patient with small body size. © The Author(s) 2013 Reprints and permissions: sagepub.co.uk/journalsPermissions.nav.

Ventricular arrhythmias in the absence of structural heart disease.

Science.gov (United States)

Prystowsky, Eric N; Padanilam, Benzy J; Joshi, Sandeep; Fogel, Richard I

2012-05-15

Ventricular arrhythmia (VA) in structurally normal hearts can be broadly considered under non-life-threatening monomorphic and life-threatening polymorphic rhythms. Monomorphic VA is classified on the basis of site of origin in the heart, and the most common areas are the ventricular outflow tracts and left ventricular fascicles. The morphology of the QRS complexes on electrocardiogram is an excellent tool to identify the site of origin of the rhythm. Although these arrhythmias are common and generally carry an excellent prognosis, rare sudden death events have been reported. Very frequent ventricular ectopy may also result in a cardiomyopathy in a minority of patients. Suppression of VA may be achieved using calcium-channel blockers, beta-adrenergic blockers, and class I or III antiarrhythmic drugs. Radiofrequency ablation has emerged as an excellent option to eliminate these arrhythmias, although certain foci including aortic cusps and epicardium may be technically challenging. Polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (VT) is rare and generally occurs in patients with genetic ion channel disorders including long QT syndrome, Brugada syndrome, catecholaminergic polymorphic VT, and short QT syndrome. Unlike monomorphic VT, these arrhythmic syndromes are associated with sudden death. While the cardiac gross morphology is normal, suggesting a structurally normal heart, abnormalities exist at the molecular level and predispose them to arrhythmias. Another fascinating area, idiopathic ventricular fibrillation and early repolarization syndrome, are undergoing research for a genetic basis. Copyright © 2012 American College of Cardiology Foundation. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Enalaprilato na prevenção da hipertrofia ventricular esquerda induzida pelo isoproterenol Enalaprilat prevents the left ventricular hypertrophy induced by isoproterenol

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Eduardo A. S. Costa

1997-07-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Avaliar se o enalaprilato, droga inibidora da enzima de conversão da angiotensina I, previne a hipertrofia ventricular esquerda (HVE induzida pelo isoproterenol. MÉTODOS: Foram divididos em 4 grupos, 72 ratos Wistar-EPM: CON controle; ENA, tratados com enalaprilato (1mg/kg via subcutânea (sc por 8 dias; ISO, tratados com isoproterenol (0,3mg/kg via sc/8 dias e ENA+ISO, tratados simultaneamente com ambas as drogas. Em 10 animais de cada grupo foram determinadas a freqüência cardíaca (FC e a pressão arterial (PA e verificado o peso de ventrículo esquerdo (VE. Em 8 animais de cada grupo, fragmento do VE foi corado com hematoxilina-eosina e picro-sírius e preparado para estudo morfométrico e ultra-estrutural, respectivamente, com microscópio de luz e eletrônico. RESULTADOS: Nos grupos estudados (CON, ENA, ISO e ISO+ENA não ocorreram variações na PA. Os grupos ISO e ISO+ENA exibiram aumentos significantes na FC. O grupo ISO apresentou aumento significativo do peso do VE (PU= 0,821g e PS= 0,204g, quando comparado ao grupo CON. O grupo ENA não exibiu modificação de peso do VE quando comparado ao grupo CON (PU= 0,590g e PS= 0,139g. No grupo ENA+ISO (PU= 0,737g e PS= 0,177g constatou-se diferença de peso ao ser comparado aos grupos ISO e CON. A análise morfométrica e ultra-estrutural mostraram que o ISO induziu hipertrofia dos cardiomiócitos e aumento do tecido conjuntivo com depósito de fibras colágenas do tipo I. O enalaprilato associado com isoproterenol atenuou importantemente aquela manifestação. CONCLUSÃO: O enalaprilato inibiu a ação do isoproterenol sobre os cardiomiócitos, evitando parcialmente, na dose utilizada, a HVE e diminuindo também a quantidade de fibras colágenas.PURPOSE: To evaluate whether the enalaprilat, angiotensin I enzyme conversion inhibitor, could prevent the left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH induced by isoproterenol. METHODS: Seventy two adult Wistar-EPM rats were divided into four

Left cardiac sympathetic denervation for catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Wilde, Arthur A. M.; Bhuiyan, Zahurul A.; Crotti, Lia; Facchini, Mario; de Ferrari, Gaetano M.; Paul, Thomas; Ferrandi, Chiara; Koolbergen, Dave R.; Odero, Attilio; Schwartz, Peter J.

2008-01-01

Catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia is a potentially lethal disease characterized by adrenergically mediated ventricular arrhythmias manifested especially in children and teenagers. Beta-blockers are the cornerstone of therapy, but some patients do not have a complete response to

Ventricular dysfunction in children with obstructive sleep apnea: radionuclide assessment

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Tal, A.; Leiberman, A.; Margulis, G.; Sofer, S.

1988-01-01

Ventricular function was evaluated using radionuclide ventriculography in 27 children with oropharyngeal obstruction and clinical features of obstructive sleep apnea. Their mean age was 3.5 years (9 months to 7.5 years). Conventional clinical assessment did not detect cardiac involvement in 25 of 27 children; however, reduced right ventricular ejection fraction (less than 35%) was found in 10 (37%) patients (mean: 19.5 +/- 2.3% SE, range: 8-28%). In 18 patients wall motion abnormality was detected. In 11 children in whom radionuclide ventriculography was performed before and after adenotonsillectomy, right ventricular ejection fraction rose from 24.4 +/- 3.6% to 46.7 +/- 3.4% (P less than 0.005), and in all cases wall motion showed a definite improvement. In five children, left ventricular ejection fraction rose greater than 10% after removal of oropharyngeal obstruction. It is concluded that right ventricular function may be compromised in children with obstructive sleep apnea secondary to adenotonsillar hypertrophy, even before clinical signs of cardiac involvement are present

Nuclear medical diagnostic with ventricular aneurysm

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Litter, H.

1987-01-01

In the diagnostic of ventricular aneurysms myocardial scintigraphy and above all radionuclide ventriculography (RNV) have special importance. Because of the non-invasive method and the as a result safe and easy use even with stress studies, RNV can provide a very valuable aid with aneurysm patients in early diagnosis, evaluation of the operability and as well as in the prognosis. It must be noted, however, that the differentiation of multivascular diseases and sometimes ventricular aneurysms can be difficult and the inclusion of an angiocardiograph as a radiological invasive examination procedure seems fitting. (orig./MG) [de

Tolerância ao esforço em ratos com estenose aórtica e disfunção ventricular diastólica e/ou sistólica Exercise tolerance in rats with aortic stenosis and ventricular diastolic and/or systolic dysfunction

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Olga Castro Mendes

2013-01-01

Full Text Available FUNDAMENTO: A Tolerância ao Esforço Físico (TEF é uma medida de condicionamento cardiorrespiratório. A capacidade aeróbica é reduzida na Insuficiência Cardíaca (IC, embora não haja dados disponíveis sobre esse parâmetro em animais com disfunção ventricular e sem sinais de IC. OBJETIVO: Avaliar a TEF em ratos com disfunção ventricular diastólica isolada ou associada com disfunção sistólica induzida pela Estenose da Aorta ascendente (EAo. MÉTODOS: Ratos Wistar machos jovens (20-30 dias de idade foram divididos em Grupo Controle (GC, n = 11 e Grupo EAo (n = 12. Os animais foram avaliados em 6 e 18 semanas após a cirurgia para EAo. O teste ergométrico foi feito até a exaustão e foram avaliadas a velocidade da esteira e a concentração de lactato [LAC] no limiar de lactato, velocidade da esteira e [LAC] na exaustão, e tempo total do teste. RESULTADOS: Dados ecocardiográficos revelaram remodelação do átrio esquerdo e hipertrofia concêntrica ventricular esquerda em 6 e 18 semanas. A fração de encurtamento endocárdico mostrou-se maior no grupo EAo do que no GC em 6 e 18 semanas. A fração de encurtamento da parede média mostrou-se maior no grupo EAo do que no GC em 6 semanas. O índice cardíaco mostrou-se semelhante no GC e no grupo EAo em 6 e 18 semanas, tendo diminuído entre 6-18 semanas em ambos os grupos. A razão entre a onda E a onda A foi maior no GC do que no grupo EAo em ambos os períodos e não se alterou em ambos os grupos entre a semana 6 e a semana 18. Os parâmetros do teste de esforço na esteira foram semelhantes nos dois grupos tanto na semana 6 quanto na semana 18. CONCLUSÃO: Embora a EAo promova a disfunção diastólica isolada ou associada à disfunção sistólica, em 6 ou 18 semanas, ela não é suficiente para alterar a tolerância ao esforço físico.BACKGROUND: Physical stress tolerance (ST is a measurement of cardiorespiratory fitness. Aerobic capacity is reduced in heart failure (HF

Left ventricular function in chronic aortic regurgitation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Iskandrian, A.S.; Hakki, A.H.; Manno, B.; Amenta, A.; Kane, S.A.

1983-01-01

Left ventricular performance was determined in 42 patients with moderate or severe aortic regurgitation during upright exercise by measuring left ventricular ejection fraction and volume with radionuclide ventriculography. Classification of the patients according to exercise tolerance showed that patients with normal exercise tolerance (greater than or equal to 7.0 minutes) had a significantly higher ejection fraction at rest (probability [p] . 0.02) and during exercise (p . 0.0002), higher cardiac index at exercise (p . 0.0008) and lower exercise end-systolic volume (p . 0.01) than did patients with limited exercise tolerance. Similar significant differences were noted in younger patients compared with older patients in ejection fraction at rest and exercise (both p . 0.001) and cardiac index at rest (p . 0.03) and exercise (p . 0.0005). The end-diastolic volume decreased during exercise in 60% of the patients. The patients with a decrease in volume were significantly younger and had better exercise tolerance and a larger end-diastolic volume at rest than did patients who showed an increase in volume. The mean corrected left ventricular end-diastolic radius/wall thickness ratio was significantly greater in patients with abnormal than in those with normal exercise reserve (mean +/- standard deviation 476 +/- 146 versus 377 +/- 92 mm Hg, p less than 0.05). Thus, in patients with chronic aortic regurgitation: 1) left ventricular systolic function during exercise was related to age, exercise tolerance and corrected left ventricular end-diastolic radius/wall thickness ratio, and 2) the end-diastolic volume decreased during exercise, especially in younger patients and patients with normal exercise tolerance or a large volume at rest

Towards Early Detection and Risk Stratification of Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Dysplasia/Cardiomyopathy

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Riele, A.S.J.M. te

2016-01-01

Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Dysplasia/Cardiomyopathy (ARVD/C) is an inherited cardiomyopathy characterized by frequent ventricular arrhythmias and usually slowly progressive ventricular dysfunction. Since its initial description in 1982, sudden cardiac death (SCD) occurring in young and usually

Skin Sodium Concentration Correlates with Left Ventricular Hypertrophy in CKD.

Science.gov (United States)

Schneider, Markus P; Raff, Ulrike; Kopp, Christoph; Scheppach, Johannes B; Toncar, Sebastian; Wanner, Christoph; Schlieper, Georg; Saritas, Turgay; Floege, Jürgen; Schmid, Matthias; Birukov, Anna; Dahlmann, Anke; Linz, Peter; Janka, Rolf; Uder, Michael; Schmieder, Roland E; Titze, Jens M; Eckardt, Kai-Uwe

2017-06-01

The pathogenesis of left ventricular hypertrophy in patients with CKD is incompletely understood. Sodium intake, which is usually assessed by measuring urinary sodium excretion, has been inconsistently linked with left ventricular hypertrophy. However, tissues such as skin and muscle may store sodium. Using 23 sodium-magnetic resonance imaging, a technique recently developed for the assessment of tissue sodium content in humans, we determined skin sodium content at the level of the calf in 99 patients with mild to moderate CKD (42 women; median [range] age, 65 [23-78] years). We also assessed total body overhydration (bioimpedance spectroscopy), 24-hour BP, and left ventricular mass (cardiac magnetic resonance imaging). Skin sodium content, but not total body overhydration, correlated with systolic BP ( r =0.33, P =0.002). Moreover, skin sodium content correlated more strongly than total body overhydration did with left ventricular mass ( r =0.56, P skin sodium content is a strong explanatory variable for left ventricular mass, unaffected by BP and total body overhydration. In conclusion, we found skin sodium content to be closely linked to left ventricular mass in patients with CKD. Interventions that reduce skin sodium content might improve cardiovascular outcomes in these patients. Copyright © 2017 by the American Society of Nephrology.

Left ventricular diastolic dysfunction in chronic renal failure patients on chronic hemodialysis in Dr. Cipto-Mangunkusumo Hospital : the association with left ventricular mass

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Idrus Alwi

2006-06-01

Full Text Available Fourty three patients with chronic renal failure undergoing chronic hemodialysis in Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia/Cipto-Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, since October 2003 until February 2004, were examined for echocardiography (2-D, M-mode, Doppler imaging.Diastolic dysfunction was found in 58.1 % of chronic renal failure patients on hemodialysis. There was no significant difference between left ventricular mass in the group with or without left ventricular diastolic dysfunction. (Med J Indones 2006; 15:105-8Keywords: Left ventricular mass, diastolic function, chronic renal failure, hemodyalisis

Postexertional Supraventricular Tachycardia in Children with Catecholaminergic Polymorphic Ventricular Tachycardia

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Scott D. N. Else

2012-01-01

Full Text Available Catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT is a severe arrhythmia associated with sudden death in the young. It is caused by defective calcium handling in ventricular myocytes. The association of supraventricular tachycardia (SVT with CPVT is described in the literature, occurring in the lead-up to ventricular tachycardia during exercise testing. We describe three cases of SVT that were initiated in the recovery period of exercise testing in children with CPVT.

Late deterioration of left ventricular function after right ventricular pacemaker implantation.

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Bellmann, Barbara; Muntean, Bogdan G; Lin, Tina; Gemein, Christopher; Schmitz, Kathrin; Schauerte, Patrick

2016-09-01

Right ventricular (RV) pacing induces a left bundle branch block pattern on ECG and may promote heart failure. Patients with dual chamber pacemakers (DCPs) who present with progressive reduction in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) secondary to RV pacing are candidates for cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT). This study analyzes whether upgrading DCP to CRT with the additional implantation of a left ventricular (LV) lead improves LV function in patients with reduced LVEF following DCP implantation. Twenty-two patients (13 males) implanted with DCPs and a high RV pacing percentage (>90%) were evaluated in term of new-onset heart failure symptoms. The patients were enrolled in this retrospective single-center study after obvious causes for a reduced LVEF were excluded with echocardiography and coronary angiography. In all patients, DCPs were then upgraded to biventricular devices. LVEF was analyzed with a two-sided t-test. QRS duration and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) levels were analyzed with the unpaired t-test. LVEF declined after DCP implantation from 54±10% to 31±7%, and the mean QRS duration was 161±20 ms during RV pacing. NT-pro BNP levels were elevated (3365±11436 pmol/L). After upgrading to a biventricular device, a biventricular pacing percentage of 98.1±2% was achieved. QRS duration decreased to 108±16 ms and 106±20 ms after 1 and 6 months, respectively. There was a significant increase in LVEF to 38±8% and 41±11% and a decrease in NT-pro BNP levels to 3088±2326 pmol/L and 1860±1838 pmol/L at 1 and 6 months, respectively. Upgrading to CRT may be beneficial in patients with DCPs and heart failure induced by a high RV pacing percentage.

Flow-related Right Ventricular - Pulmonary Arterial Pressure Gradients during Exercise.

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Wright, Stephen P; Opotowsky, Alexander R; Buchan, Tayler A; Esfandiari, Sam; Granton, John T; Goodman, Jack M; Mak, Susanna

2018-06-06

The assumption of equivalence between right ventricular and pulmonary arterial systolic pressure is fundamental to several assessments of right ventricular or pulmonary vascular hemodynamic function. Our aims were to 1) determine whether systolic pressure gradients develop across the right ventricular outflow tract in healthy adults during exercise, 2) examine the potential correlates of such gradients, and 3) consider the effect of such gradients on calculated indices of right ventricular function. Healthy untrained and endurance-trained adult volunteers were studied using right-heart catheterization at rest and during submaximal cycle ergometry. Right ventricular and pulmonary artery pressures were simultaneously transduced, and cardiac output was determined by thermodilution. Systolic pressures, peak and mean gradients, and indices of chamber, vascular, and valve function were analyzed offline. Summary data are reported as mean ± standard deviation or median [interquartile range]. No significant right ventricular outflow tract gradients were observed at rest (mean gradient = 4 [3-5] mmHg), and calculated effective orifice area was 3.6±1.0 cm2. Right ventricular systolic pressure increases during exercise were greater than that of pulmonary artery systolic pressure. Accordingly, mean gradients developed during light exercise (8 [7-9] mmHg) and increased during moderate exercise (12 [9-14] mmHg, p < 0.001). The magnitude of the mean gradient was linearly related to cardiac output (r2 = 0.70, p < 0.001). In healthy adults without pulmonic stenosis, systolic pressure gradients develop during exercise, and the magnitude is related to blood flow rate.

Coeficientes de proporcionalidade nas valvas atrioventriculares: estudo anatômico dos segmentos valvares em indivíduos normais Coefficients of proportions of the atrioventricular valves: an anatomical study of valvar segments of normal individuals

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Natália Martins Magacho de Andrade

2005-09-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Descrever as relações anatômicas existentes entre as estruturas das valvas cardíacas, levando em consideração os segmentos dos anéis fibrosos e o volume ventricular esquerdo. MÉTODO: Analisaram-se fotografias digitais de 41 corações oriundos de necropsias feitas pelo Núcleo de Perícias Médico Legais. As fotos foram processadas em software em ambiente MATLAB®, que forneceu as medidas de perímetro e área valvares e o volume ventricular esquerdo. RESULTADOS: A média de idade dos indivíduos necropsiados foi de 33 anos, com 17 anos de desvio-padrão. Testaram-se diversas correlações envolvendo as valvas tricúspide e mitral, sendo encontradas correlações fortemente significativas entre a distância intercomissural (DIt e o perímetro do anel anterior (PA na valva tricúspide (r = 0,72 com pABSTRACT OBJECTIVE: To describe the anatomical relationships that exist between the heart valve structures taking into account the segments of the fibrous annuli and the left ventricular volume METHOD: Digital photographs of 41 hearts from autopsies performed by a coroner's office were analyzed. The photographs were processed using MATLAB® software, which supplies measurements of the valvar perimeter and area and the left ventricular volume. RESULTS: The average age of the corpses studied was 33 years old (standard deviation ± 17 years. Several ratios involving the tricuspid and mitral valves were tested, with strongly significant correlations found between the inter-commissural distance (ItD and the perimeter of the anterior annulus (PA of the tricuspid valve (r = 0.72; p-value < 0.05 and between the inter-commissural distance (ImD and the perimeter of the posterior annulus (PP of the mitral valve (r = 0.63; p-value < 0.05. The proportions between these parameters were PA/ItD = 1.36 ± 0.24 and PP/ImD = 1.38 ± 0.16. CONCLUSION: The proportions between the perimeter of the anterior annulus (tricuspid and the perimeter of the

Ventricular distension and diastolic coronary blood flow in the anaesthetized dog.

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Gattullo, D; Linden, R J; Losano, G; Pagliaro, P; Westerhof, N

1993-01-01

There appears to be no agreement as to whether or not an increase in diastolic left ventricular pressure and/or volume can cause a decrease in diastolic coronary blood flow. We investigated the problem in the anaesthetized dog using a flaccid freely distensible latex balloon inserted into the left ventricle with the animal on extracorporeal circulation and the coronary perfusion pressure constant at about 45 mm Hg. Maximal vasodilatation and suppression of autoregulation in coronary vasculature was obtained by the intracoronary infusion of dipyridamole (10-40 mg/h). Ventricular volume was changed in steps of 10 ml from 10 to 70 ml and back to 10 ml, whilst recording coronary blood flow and left ventricular pressure in the left circumflex coronary artery. Over a range of ventricular volumes from 20 to 50 ml and a concomitant rise in diastolic ventricular pressure to about 20 mm Hg there was no change in the diastolic coronary flow. Only when the ventricular volume was more than two times the control value (i.e. exceeded 50 ml) and left ventricular pressure was more than 20 mm Hg, was there a decrease in coronary flow. During the return of the volume to the control level there was a fall in diastolic flow and ventricular contractility with respect to the values obtained when the volume was increased; these two effects were transient lasting less than 10 min. It was not considered that any of the three models of the coronary circulation, waterfall, intramyocardial pump or varying elastance model could explain our results.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Impact of Major Pulmonary Resections on Right Ventricular Function: Early Postoperative Changes.

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Elrakhawy, Hany M; Alassal, Mohamed A; Shaalan, Ayman M; Awad, Ahmed A; Sayed, Sameh; Saffan, Mohammad M

2018-01-15

Right ventricular (RV) dysfunction after pulmonary resection in the early postoperative period is documented by reduced RV ejection fraction and increased RV end-diastolic volume index. Supraventricular arrhythmia, particularly atrial fibrillation, is common after pulmonary resection. RV assessment can be done by non-invasive methods and/or invasive approaches such as right cardiac catheterization. Incorporation of a rapid response thermistor to pulmonary artery catheter permits continuous measurements of cardiac output, right ventricular ejection fraction, and right ventricular end-diastolic volume. It can also be used for right atrial and right ventricular pacing, and for measuring right-sided pressures, including pulmonary capillary wedge pressure. This study included 178 patients who underwent major pulmonary resections, 36 who underwent pneumonectomy assigned as group (I) and 142 who underwent lobectomy assigned as group (II). The study was conducted at the cardiothoracic surgery department of Benha University hospital in Egypt; patients enrolled were operated on from February 2012 to February 2016. A rapid response thermistor pulmonary artery catheter was inserted via the right internal jugular vein. Preoperatively the following was recorded: central venous pressure, mean pulmonary artery pressure, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, cardiac output, right ventricular ejection fraction and volumes. The same parameters were collected in fixed time intervals after 3 hours, 6 hours, 12 hours, 24 hours, and 48 hours postoperatively. For group (I): There were no statistically significant changes between the preoperative and postoperative records in the central venous pressure and mean arterial pressure; there were no statistically significant changes in the preoperative and 12, 24, and 48 hour postoperative records for cardiac index; 3 and 6 hours postoperative showed significant changes. There were statistically significant changes between the preoperative and

Obesity and exercise-induced ectopic ventricular arrhythmias in apparently healthy middle aged adults.

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Sabbag, Avi; Sidi, Yechezkel; Kivity, Shaye; Beinart, Roy; Glikson, Michael; Segev, Shlomo; Goldenberg, Ilan; Maor, Elad

2016-03-01

Obesity and overweight are strongly associated with cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. However, there are limited data on the association between excess weight and the risk of ectopic ventricular activity. We investigated the association between body mass index (BMI) and the risk for ectopic ventricular activity (defined as multiple ventricular premature beats (≥3), ventricular bigeminy, nonsustained ventricular tachycardia or sustained ventricular tachycardia) during exercise stress testing among 22,516 apparently healthy men and women who attended periodic health screening examinations between the years 2000 and 2014. All subjects had completed maximal exercise stress testing annually according to the Bruce protocol. Subjects were divided at baseline into three groups: normal weight (BMI ≥ 18.5 kg/m(2) andexercise-induced ectopic ventricular activity arrhythmias was highest among obese subjects, intermediate among overweight subjects and lowest among subjects with normal weight (3.4%, 2.7% and 2.2% respectively; p exercise compared with subjects with normal weight (p = 0.005), and that each 1 kg/m(2) increase in BMI was associated with a significant 4% (p = 0.002) increased adjusted risk for exercise-induced ventricular arrhythmias. Obesity is independently associated with increased likelihood of ectopic ventricular arrhythmia during exercise. © The European Society of Cardiology 2015.

Ventricular Tachycardia in the Absence of Structural Heart Disease

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Luis R. P. Scott

2005-04-01

Full Text Available In up to 10% of patients who present with ventricular tachycardia (VT, obvious structural heart disease is not identified. In such patients, causes of ventricular arrhythmia include right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT VT, extrasystoles, idiopathic left ventricular tachycardia (ILVT, idiopathic propranolol-sensitive VT (IPVT, catecholaminergic polymorphic VT (CPVT, Brugada syndrome, and long QT syndrome (LQTS. RVOT VT, ILVT, and IPVT are referred to as idiopathic VT and generally do not have a familial basis. RVOT VT and ILVT are monomorphic, whereas IPVT may be monomorphic or polymorphic. The idiopathic VTs are classified by the ventricle of origin, the response to pharmacologic agents, catecholamine dependence, and the specific morphologic features of the arrhythmia. CPVT, Brugada syndrome, and LQTS are inherited ion channelopathies. CPVT may present as bidirectional VT, polymorphic VT, or catecholaminergic ventricular fibrillation. Syncope and sudden death in Brugada syndrome are usually due to polymorphic VT. The characteristic arrhythmia of LQTS is torsades de pointes. Overall, patients with idiopathic VT have a better prognosis than do patients with ventricular arrhythmias and structural heart disease. Initial treatment approach is pharmacologic and radiofrequency ablation is curative in most patients. However, radiofrequency ablation is not useful in the management of inherited ion channelopathies. Prognosis for patients with VT secondary to ion channelopathies is variable. High-risk patients (recurrent syncope and sudden cardiac death survivors with inherited ion channelopathies benefit from implantable cardioverter-defibrillator placement. This paper reviews the mechanism, clinical presentation, and management of VT in the absence of structural heart disease.

Outcomes of patients with right ventricular failure on milrinone after left ventricular assist device implantation.

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Tsiouris, Athanasios; Paone, Gaetano; Brewer, Robert J; Nemeh, Hassan W; Borgi, Jamil; Morgan, Jeffrey A

2015-01-01

Previous studies have grouped together both patients requiring right ventricular assist devices (RVADs) with patients requiring prolonged milrinone therapy after left ventricular assist device (LVAD) implantation. We retrospectively identified 149 patients receiving LVADs and 18 (12.1%) of which developed right ventricular (RV) failure. We then separated these patients into those requiring RVADs versus prolonged milrinone therapy. This included 10 patients who were treated with prolonged milrinone and eight patients who underwent RVAD placement. Overall, the RV failure group had worse survival compared with the non-RV failure cohort (p = 0.038). However, this was only for the subgroup of patients who required RVADs, who had a 1, 6, 12, and 24 month survival of 62.5%, 37.5%, 37.5%, and 37.5%, respectively, versus 96.8%, 92.1%, 86.7%, and 84.4% for patients without RV failure (p milrinone therapy for RV failure had similar survivals compared with patients without RV failure. In the RV failure group, age, preoperative renal failure, and previous cardiac surgery were predictors of the need for prolonged postoperative milrinone. As LVADs become a more widely used therapy for patients with refractory, end-stage heart failure, it will be important to reduce the incidence of RV failure, as it yields significant morbidity and increases cost.

Case report: paradoxical ventricular septal motion in the setting of primary right ventricular myocardial failure.

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Maslow, Andrew; Schwartz, Carl; Mahmood, Feroze; Singh, Arun; Heerdt, Paul M

2009-07-01

In this report, a case of right ventricular (RV) failure, hemodynamic instability, and systemic organ failure is described to highlight how paradoxical ventricular systolic septal motion (PVSM), or a rightward systolic displacement of the interventricular septum, may contribute to RV ejection. Multiple inotropic medications and vasopressors were administered to treat right heart failure and systemic hypotension in a patient following combined aortic and mitral valve replacement. In the early postoperative period, echocardiographic evaluation revealed adequate left ventricular systolic function, akinesis of the RV myocardial tissues, and PVSM. In the presence of PVSM, RV fractional area of contraction was > or =35% despite akinesis of the primary RV myocardial walls. The PVSM appeared to contribute toward RV ejection. As a result, the need for multiple inotropes was re-evaluated, in considering that end-organ dysfunction was the result of systemic hypotension and prolonged vasopressor administration. After discontinuation of phosphodiesterase inhibitors, native vascular tone returned and the need for vasopressors declined. This was followed by recovery of systemic organ function. Echocardiographic re-evaluation two years later, revealed persistent akinesis of the RV myocardial tissues and PVSM, the latter appearing to contribute toward RV ejection. This case highlights the importance of left to RV interactions, and how PVSM may mediate these hemodynamic interactions.

Assessment of right ventricular systolic function by tissue Doppler echocardiography

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Kjærgaard, Jesper

2012-01-01

This thesis summarizes a series of studies performed in order to assess the clinical usefulness of a novel echocardiographic technology that allows non-invasive assessment of regional right ventricular myocardial velocities and deformation: tissue Doppler echocardiography. While the technology...... is a promising tool for improving our understanding of right ventricular hemodynamics, several aspects of the technology must be evaluated. The accuracy and reproducibility of the technology is evaluated in vitro, and normal values, impact of changes in loading of the right ventricle, response to exercise...... on right ventricular hemodynamics: pulmonary embolism, Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy and pulmonary regurgitation, the latter in an animal model. The conclusions of the thesis are: Color tissue Doppler echocardiography accurately measures velocities, SR and strain in vitro. No systematic...

Predictors of the left ventricular dysfunction induced by ventricular arrhythmia

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А. І. Vytryhovskiy

2016-08-01

Full Text Available The most powerful predictor of life-threatening arrhythmia risk is a combination of low heart rate variability with low ejection fraction (EF of the left ventricle. Aim. To identify predictors of left ventricle dysfunction which is induced by ventricular arrhythmia. Materials and methods. To diagnose structural changes of left ventricular functional capacity and reserves in patients with previous myocardial infarction and patients with high and very high cardiovascular risk by SCORE scale and for establishment the relationship between morphological heart changes and pathological phenomenon of heart turbulence echocardiography and study of heart rate turbulence variability were performed. 603 patients were selected for the research. All patients were divided into groups: group 1 – patients with coronary heart disease, but without associated risk factors, such as smoking, obesity, metabolic syndrome; group 2 – patients who smoke tobacco more than 2 years (very high cardiovascular risk by scale SCORE; group 3 – patients with metabolic syndrome without coronary heart disease or arterial hypertension (very high cardiovascular risk by scale SCORE. The control group consisted of 149 persons. Results. The feature of structural changes in patients with myocardial infarction and in patients with a high cardiovascular risk by SCORE with heart rate turbulence compared with cases without НRT is considerably thickening of the left interventricular septum in systole. Based on this, it can be argued that the emergence of ventricular arrhythmia and accordingly phenomenon of heart rate turbulence in patients with existing cardiovascular diseases and risk factors has both morphological and functional character. Significant difference of echocardioscopy parameters in patients with postinfarction cardiosclerosis and risk factors by the SCORE system was established by index of intraventricular septum thickness in systole, and in persons with high risk – in

Bayesian Classification Models for Premature Ventricular Contraction Detection on ECG Traces.

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Casas, Manuel M; Avitia, Roberto L; Gonzalez-Navarro, Felix F; Cardenas-Haro, Jose A; Reyna, Marco A

2018-01-01

According to the American Heart Association, in its latest commission about Ventricular Arrhythmias and Sudden Death 2006, the epidemiology of the ventricular arrhythmias ranges from a series of risk descriptors and clinical markers that go from ventricular premature complexes and nonsustained ventricular tachycardia to sudden cardiac death due to ventricular tachycardia in patients with or without clinical history. The premature ventricular complexes (PVCs) are known to be associated with malignant ventricular arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death (SCD) cases. Detecting this kind of arrhythmia has been crucial in clinical applications. The electrocardiogram (ECG) is a clinical test used to measure the heart electrical activity for inferences and diagnosis. Analyzing large ECG traces from several thousands of beats has brought the necessity to develop mathematical models that can automatically make assumptions about the heart condition. In this work, 80 different features from 108,653 ECG classified beats of the gold-standard MIT-BIH database were extracted in order to classify the Normal, PVC, and other kind of ECG beats. Three well-known Bayesian classification algorithms were trained and tested using these extracted features. Experimental results show that the F1 scores for each class were above 0.95, giving almost the perfect value for the PVC class. This gave us a promising path in the development of automated mechanisms for the detection of PVC complexes.

Salbutamol Abuse is Associated with Ventricular Fibrillation

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Emin UYSAL

2015-06-01

Full Text Available SUMMARY: Salbutamol-induced cardiac complications are well-established. Herein, we describe a case of a 24-year female who was admitted to the emergency department because of a suicide attempt with salbutamol (76 mg. Salbutamol abuse induced the development of supraventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation. Regular sinus rhythm was restored with defibrillation. The hypokalemic patient who stayed in the intensive care unit was discharged after 48 hours of hospitalization. Key words: Salbutamol, suicide, ventricular fibrillation

Clustering Of Left Ventricular Wall Motion Patterns

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Bjelogrlic, Z.; Jakopin, J.; Gyergyek, L.

1982-11-01

A method for detection of wall regions with similar motion was presented. A model based on local direction information was used to measure the left ventricular wall motion from cineangiographic sequence. Three time functions were used to define segmental motion patterns: distance of a ventricular contour segment from the mean contour, the velocity of a segment and its acceleration. Motion patterns were clustered by the UPGMA algorithm and by an algorithm based on K-nearest neighboor classification rule.

Ventricular tachycardia induced by weight loss pills

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Pareek, Manan; Hansson, Nils Henrik; Grove, Erik Lerkevang

2013-01-01

A previously healthy 29-year-old man was admitted with palpitations, dizziness, and near-syncope after he had recently started taking weight loss pills purchased on the internet. The pills contained caffeine and ephedrine. An electrocardiogram and telemetry revealed multiple episodes of non......-sustained monomorphic ventricular tachycardia, which was successfully treated with amiodarone. In conclusion, unauthorized weight loss pills can be harmful. In particular, ephedrine-containing drugs carry a risk of ventricular tachycardia and should be discouraged....

Studies of left ventricular volume estimation from single photon emission computed tomography

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hiraki, Yoshio; Shimizu, Mitsuharu; Joja, Ikuo; Aono, Kaname; Yanagi, Hidekiyo; Indo, Haruaki; Seno, Yoshimasa; Teramoto, Shigeru; Nagaya, Isao.

1988-01-01

We studied the comparative accuracy of 99m Tc cardiac blood pool Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) for the measurement of left ventricular volume in 20 patients undergoing SPECT and single plane contrast left ventriculography (LVG). Left ventricular volume was calculated based on the total number of voxels in left ventricle. End-diastolic left ventricular volume (EDV) and end-systolic left ventricular volume (ESV) calculated from SPECT were compared with those from LVG. SPECT volume values showed a high degree of correlation with those by LVG (r = 0.923 for EDV, r = 0.903 for ESV). We appreciated the usefulness and accuracy of SPECT in measuring left ventricular volume because of its three-dimensional information. (author)

Correlation between right ventricular T1 mapping and right ventricular dysfunction in non-ischemic cardiomyopathy.

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Jellis, Christine L; Yingchoncharoen, Teerapat; Gai, Neville; Kusunose, Kenya; Popović, Zoran B; Flamm, Scott; Kwon, Deborah

2018-01-01

Right ventricular (RV) fibrosis is increasingly recognized as the underlying pathological substrate in a variety of clinical conditions. We sought to employ cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) techniques of strain imaging and longitudinal relaxation time (T 1 ) mapping to better examine the relationship between RV function and structure. Our aim was to initially evaluate the feasibility of these techniques to evaluate the right ventricle. We then sought to explore the relationship between RV function and underlying fibrosis, along with examining the evolution of RV remodeling according to the amount of baseline fibrosis. Echocardiography was performed in 102 subjects with non-ischemic cardiomyopathy. Right ventricular parameters were assessed including: fractional area change (FAC) and longitudinal strain. The same cohort underwent CMR. Post-contrast T 1 mapping was performed as a marker of fibrosis with a Look-Locker technique using inversion recovery imaging. Mid-ventricular post-contrast T 1 values of the RV free wall, RV septum and lateral LV were calculated using prototype analysis software. Biventricular volumetric data including ejection fraction was measured by CMR using a cine short axis stack. CMR strain analysis was also performed to assess 2D RV longitudinal and radial strain. Simultaneous biochemical and anthropometric data were recorded. Subjects were followed over a median time of 29 months (IQR 20-37 months) with echocardiography to evaluate temporal change in RV FAC according to baseline post-contrast T 1 values. Longitudinal data analysis was performed to adjust for patient loss during follow-up. Subjects (62% men, 51 ± 15 years) had mild to moderately impaired global RV systolic function (RVEF = 39 ± 15%; RVEDV = 187 ± 69 ml; RVESV = 119 ± 68 ml) and moderate left ventricular dysfunction at baseline (LVEF 30 ± 17%). Good correlation was observed between mean LV and RV post-contrast T 1 values (r = 0.652, p�

Paradox image: a noninvasive index of regional left-ventricular dyskinesis

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Holman, B.L.; Wynne, J.; Idoine, J.; Zielonka, J.; Neill, J.

1979-01-01

The paradox image, a functional image of regional dyskinesis derived from the equilibrium (gated) radionuclide ventriculogram, was constructed by subtracting the background-corrected end-diastolic frame from the background-corrected end-systolic frame. In 11 patients showing dyskinesis by contrast ventriculography, the percentage of left-ventricular picture elements containing paradox ranged from 3.6 to 55.6% (21.44% +- 4.45 s.e.m.). In 11 patients with normokinesis and in eight patients with hypookinesis by contrast ventriculography, the left-ventricular picture elements demonstrating paradox were less than 1.1% in all cases. In nine patients with akinesis, the percentage of left-ventricular picture elements containing paradox was 2.05% +- 0.96 s.e.m. and was less than 2% in seven patients. There was also an excellent agreement between the location of dyskinesis on the paradox image and that by contrast ventriculography. The paradox image is a sensitive indicator of left-ventricular dyskinesis and should be useful in the evaluation of patients with suspected left-ventricular asynergy

Hollow mandrin facilitates external ventricular drainage placement.

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Heese, O; Regelsberger, J; Kehler, U; Westphal, M

2005-07-01

Placement of ventricular catheters is a routine procedure in neurosurgery. Ventricle puncture is done using a flexible ventricular catheter stabilised by a solid steel mandrin in order to improve stability during brain penetration. A correct catheter placement is confirmed after removing the solid steel mandrin by observation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow out of the flexible catheter. Incorrect placement makes further punctures necessary. The newly developed device allows CSF flow observation during the puncture procedure and in addition precise intracranial pressure (ICP) measurement. The developed mandrin is hollow with a blunt tip. On one side 4-5 small holes with a diameter of 0.8 mm are drilled corresponding exactly with the holes in the ventricular catheter, allowing CSF to pass into the hollow mandrin as soon as the ventricle is reached. By connecting a small translucent tube at the distal portion of the hollow mandrin ICP can be measured without loss of CSF. The system has been used in 15 patients with subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) or intraventricular haemeorrhage (IVH) and subsequent hydrocephalus. The new system improved the external ventricular drainage implantation procedure. In all 15 patients catheter placement was correct. ICP measurement was easy to perform immediately at ventricle puncture. In 4 patients at puncture no spontaneous CSF flow was observed, therefore by connecting a syringe and gentle aspiration of CSF correct placement was confirmed in this unexpected low pressure hydrocephalus. Otherwise by using the conventional technique further punctures would have been necessary. Advantages of the new technique are less puncture procedures with a lower risk of damage to neural structures and reduced risk of intracranial haemorrhages. Implantation of the ventricular catheter to far into the brain can be monitored and this complication can be overcome. Using the connected pressure monitoring tube an exact measurement of the opening

Catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia in 2012

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Christian van der Werf

2011-12-01

Full Text Available Catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT is a rare, potentially lethal inherited arrhythmia syndrome characterized by stress or emotion-induced ventricular arrhythmias. CPVT was first described in 1960, while the genetic basis underlying this syndrome was discovered in 2001. The past decade has seen substantial advances in understanding the pathophysiology of CPVT. In addition, significant advances have been made in elucidating clinical characteristics of CPVT patients and new treatment options have become available. Here, we review current literature on CPVT to present state-of-the-art knowledge on the subject of the genetic basis, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis.

Arterial Ventricular Uncoupling with Age and Disease and Recoupling with Exercise

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Chantler, Paul D

2017-01-01

The deterioration in arterial and cardiac function with aging impairs arterial ventricular coupling, an important determinant of cardiovascular performance. However, exercise training improves arterial ventricular coupling especially during exercise during the age and disease process. This review examines the concept of arterial-ventricular coupling, and how age, and disease uncouples but exercise training recouples the heart and arterial system. PMID:28072585

Evaluation of left ventricular function by nuclear stethoscope

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Nishimura, Tsunehiko

1981-01-01

The Nuclear Stethoscope (N.S.) is a unique cardiac probe system that provides a precise, rapid, noninvasive method to directly quantify ventricular functions at the bedside or actual beat-to-beat or composite beat basis. The accuracy and validity of N.S. were studied in 42 patients with cardiac diseases in comparison with camera-computer EF. The N.S. EF was well correlated with camera-computer EF (r = 0.82). In this study, clinical application of N.S. was as follows. 1. Beat-to-beat left ventricular volume response for evaluation of arrythmia (atrial fibrillation, premature ventricular conduction, bigemy et al.) 2. exercise study by handgrip and ergometer. EF is an extremely sensitive indicator to discriminate coronary arteries diseases from normal subjects. (author)

Evaluation of left ventricular function by nuclear stethoscope

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Nishimura, T [National Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Osaka (Japan)

1981-03-01

The Nuclear Stethoscope (N.S.) is a unique cardiac probe system that provides a precise, rapid, noninvasive method to directly quantify ventricular functions at the bedside or actual beat-to-beat or composite beat basis. The accuracy and validity of N.S. were studied in 42 patients with cardiac diseases in comparison with camera-computer EF. The N.S. EF was well correlated with camera-computer EF (r = 0.82). In this study, clinical application of N.S. was as follows. 1. Beat-to-beat left ventricular volume response for evaluation of arrythmia (atrial fibrillation, premature ventricular conduction, bigemy et al.) 2. exercise study by handgrip and ergometer. EF is an extremely sensitive indicator to discriminate coronary arteries diseases from normal subjects.

Assessment of cardiac performance with quantitative radionuclide angiocardiography: sequential left ventricular ejection fraction, normalized left ventricular ejection rate, and regional wall motion

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Marshall, R.C.; Berger, H.J.; Costin, J.C.; Freedman, G.S.; Wolberg, J.; Cohen, L.S.; Gotischalk, A.; Zaret, B.L.

1977-01-01

Sequential quantitative first pass radionuclide angiocardiograms (RA) were used to measure left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and left ventricular ejection rate (LVER), and to assess regional wall motion (RWM) in the anterior (ANT) and left anterior oblique (LAO) positions. Studies were obtained with a computerized multicrystal scintillation camera suitable for acquiring high count-rate data. Background was determined in a new fashion by selecting frames temporally from the left ventricular region of interest time-activity curve. A ''representative'' cardiac cycle was formed by summing together counts over three to six cardiac cycles. From this background corrected, high count-rate ''representative''cardiac cycle, LVEF, LVER, and RWM were determined. In 22 patients with normal sinus rhythm in the absence of significant valvular regurgitation, RA LVEF correlated well with that measured by contrast angiography (r = 0.95). LVER correlated well with LVEF measured at contrast angiography (r = 0.90) and allowed complete separation of those with normal (LVER = 3.4 +- 0.17 sec -1 ) and abnormal (LVER = 1.22 +- 0.11 sec -1 ) (P < 0.001) left ventricular performance. This separation was independent of background. Isoproterenol infusion in five normal subjects caused LVER to increase by 81 +- 17% while LVEF increased by 10 +- 2.0%. RWM was correctly defined in 21/22 patients and 89% of left ventricular segments with abnormal wall motion

Right ventricular systolic and diastolic function at rest in patients with coronary artery disease

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Caglar, N.M.; Araki, Haruo; Taira, Yuji; Fukuyama, Takaya; Nakamura, Motoomi

1985-01-01

Right ventricular systolic and diastolic function was studied in patients with ischemic heart disease using equilibrium radionuclide ventriculography. In patients with inferior myocardial infarction and proximal right coronary lesions, the right ventricular ejection fraction (0.43+-0.06, n=10, mean+-SD) and peak filling rate (1.7+-0.4 EDV/sec) were lower than normals (0.57+-0.07 and 2.7+-0.4 EDV/sec, n=10, p<0.001, respectively). In these patients, the right ventricular time to peak filling rate was longer than in normals (225+-36 msec vs 136+-45 msec, p<0.001), while the left ventricular ejection fraction remained normal. In patients with inferior myocardial infarction and distal right coronary lesions, the right ventricular ejection fraction, peak filling rate and time to peak filling rate were not different from those in normals. Even in patients with proximal right coronary lesions, the right ventricular ejection fraction was normal unless they had an inferior myocardial infarction. A decreased left ventricular ejection fraction and abnormal motion of the ventricular septum did not affect the right ventricular ejection fraction. The present results suggest that patients with an inferior myocardial infarction and proximal right coronary lesion often develop right ventricular systolic and diastolic dysfunction. (author)

Considerações sobre o tratamento das hemorragias subaracnóideas espontâneas

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J. Armbrust-Figueikedo

1952-09-01

Full Text Available O tratamento das hemorragias subaracnóideas espontâneas é estudado pormenorizadamente. Com poucas exceções, êsses casos são devidos a rotura de um aneurisma intracraniano, situado em 72% dos casos na artéria carótida interna ou em um de seus ramos principais. A incidência e a etiologia dos aneurismas são discutidas. O aneurisma se deve a um imperfeito desenvolvimento das paredes vasculares, associado a uma lesão degenerativa. A sintomatologia está ausente, na grande maioria dos casos, até a rotura do aneurisma, quando o paciente perde a consciência, entra em choque, com sinais de comprometimento dos nervos cranianos ou dos centros superiores. A presença de sangue no líqüido cefalorraquídeo, com aumento da pressão, é achado diagnóstico. O prognóstico dos aneurismas é grave; 40% dos pacientes vêm a falecer com a primeira hemorragia; daqueles que resistem ao primeiro acidente, 30% virão a falecer no segundo, terceiro ou quarto episódios dentro de um período de 10 anos. O tratamento da fase aguda é conservador, com absoluto repouso no leito. Quando as condições o permitam, arteriografias devem ser obtidas para demons- tração do aneurisma. O tratamento cirúrgico deve então ser instituído, a técnica variando de acôrdo com a localização da lesão, condições da circulação colateral, possibilidade de acesso cirúrgico direto, etc. O tratamento indireto deve ser associado ao direto, sempre que possível; far-se-á, portanto, a oclusão de uma ou mais artérias no pescoço com subseqüente isolamento intracraniano do aneurisma. As diferentes técnicas cirúrgicas são discutidas. Nos casos tratados pelo método conservador a mortalidade é de 48% e nos casos tratados pela cirurgia, de 14%. Cinco casos de aneurismas intracranianos são apresentados com a finalidade única de ilustrar os problemas clínicos. Êsses casos demonstram os diferentes tipos de evolução clínica e refletem a gravidade do progn

Right ventricular function during acute exacerbation of severe equine asthma.

Science.gov (United States)

Decloedt, A; Borowicz, H; Slowikowska, M; Chiers, K; van Loon, G; Niedzwiedz, A

2017-09-01

Pulmonary hypertension has been described in horses with severe equine asthma, but its effect on the right ventricle has not been fully elucidated. To evaluate right ventricular structure and function after a 1-week period of pulmonary hypertension secondary to acute exacerbation of severe equine asthma. Prospective study. A clinical episode of severe equine asthma was induced experimentally in six susceptible horses. Examinations in remission and on day 7 of the clinical episode included a physical examination with clinical scoring, echocardiography, arterial blood gas measurements, venous blood sampling for cardiac biomarkers, intracardiac pressure measurements, right ventricular and right atrial myocardial biopsies, airway endoscopy and bronchoalveolar lavage. After 1 month of recovery, physical examination, echocardiography and cardiac biomarker analysis were repeated. Echocardiographic and pressure measurements were compared with those in 10 healthy control horses. All horses developed clinical signs of acute pulmonary obstruction. Right heart pressures increased significantly. Altered right ventricular function could be detected by tissue Doppler and speckle tracking echocardiography. Cardiac troponin concentrations did not increase significantly, but were highly elevated in one horse which exercised in the paddock prior to sampling. Focal neutrophil infiltration was present in two myocardial samples. Even in remission, asthmatic horses showed a thicker right ventricular wall, an increased left ventricular end-systolic eccentricity index at chordal level and decreased right ventricular longitudinal strain compared with controls. The induced clinical episode was rather mild and the number of horses was limited because of the invasive nature of the study. Pulmonary obstruction in asthmatic horses induces pulmonary hypertension with right ventricular structural and functional changes. © 2017 EVJ Ltd.

Discrete potentials guided radiofrequency ablation for idiopathic outflow tract ventricular arrhythmias.

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Liu, Enzhao; Xu, Gang; Liu, Tong; Ye, Lan; Zhang, Qitong; Zhao, Yanshu; Li, Guangping

2015-03-01

Discrete potentials (DPs) have been recorded and targeted as the site of ablation of the outflow tract arrhythmias. The aim of the present study was to investigate the significance of DPs with respect to mapping and ablation for idiopathic outflow tract premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) or ventricular tachycardias (VTs). Seventeen consecutive patients with idiopathic right or left ventricular outflow tract PVCs/VTs who underwent radiofrequency catheter ablation were included. Intracardiac electrograms during the mapping and ablation were analysed. During sinus rhythm, sharp high-frequency DPs that displayed double or multiple components were recorded following or buried in the local ventricular electrograms in all of the 17 patients, peak amplitude 0.51 ± 0.21 mV. The same potential was recorded prior to the local ventricular potential of the PVCs/VTs. Spontaneous reversal of the relationship of the DPs to the local ventricular electrogram during the arrhythmias was noted. The DPs were related to a region of low voltage showed by intracardiac high-density contact mapping. At the sites with DPs, lower unipolar and bipolar ventricular voltage of sinus beats were noted compared with the adjacent regions without DPs (unipolar: 6.1 ± 1.8 vs. 8.3 ± 2.3 mV, P Discrete potentials were not present in seven controls. Discrete potentials and related low-voltage regions were common in idiopathic outflow tract ventricular arrhythmias. Discrete potential- and substrate-guided ablation strategy will help to reduce the recurrence of idiopathic outflow tract arrhythmias. Published on behalf of the European Society of Cardiology. All rights reserved. © The Author 2014. For permissions please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.

Longitudinal strain predicts left ventricular mass regression after aortic valve replacement for severe aortic stenosis and preserved left ventricular function.

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Gelsomino, Sandro; Lucà, Fabiana; Parise, Orlando; Lorusso, Roberto; Rao, Carmelo Massimiliano; Vizzardi, Enrico; Gensini, Gian Franco; Maessen, Jos G

2013-11-01

We explored the influence of global longitudinal strain (GLS) measured with two-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography on left ventricular mass regression (LVMR) in patients with pure aortic stenosis (AS) and normal left ventricular function undergoing aortic valve replacement (AVR). The study population included 83 patients with severe AS (aortic valve area regression (all P regression in patients with pure AS undergoing AVR. Our findings must be confirmed by further larger studies.

Right ventricular function after acute myocardial infarction: dependence upon infarct related coronary artery

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Cho, Ihn Ho; Chun, Kyung A; Won, Kyu Chang; Lee, Hyung Woo; Hong, Geu Ru; Park, Jong Seon; Shin, Dong Gu; Kim, Young Jo; Shim, Bong Sub

2004-01-01

We studied to know the relation between right ventricular function and infarct-related artery after acute myocardial infarction. The right and left ventricular function after a first myocardial infarction was assessed ECG-gated blood pool single photon emission computed tomography (GBPS) algorithms (Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angels, Calif) (12 after LAD related infarction (group 1) and 15 after RCA related infarction (group 2)). The left ventricular ejection fraction, end-diastolic volume and end-systolic volume did not differ significantly between two groups( group 1 vs 2 :LVEF 50.8% vs 55.1%. LVEDV=73.2 vs 79.7 ml, LVESV=38 vs 44 ml : P>0.05), but right ventricular ejection fraction, end-diastolic volume and end-systolic volume were significantly different after anterior myocardial infarction between two groups( group 1 vs 2 : RVEF=57.3% vs 46.3%. RVEDV=56.4 vs 95.1 ml, RVESV=25.6 vs 54.6ml : P<0.05). There was evidence of right ventricular dilatation in the group with RCA related infarction. Six with inferior infarction had abnormal right ventricular ejection fractions (< 40%). The relation between right and left ventricular ejection fractions was markedly different in the two groups. In the group with RCA related infarction there was a significant linear relation between right and left ventricular ejection fraction(R=0.5). Whereas in the group with LAD related infarction there was not (R=-0.3). Thus right ventricular dysfunction commonly occurs after RCA related infarction. Right ventricular impairment is related after RCA related infarction, but are independent after LAD related infarction. Finally, the different effects of LAD and RCA related infarction on right ventricular function may be explained by site of the myocardial wall involvement after infarction

Right ventricular function in asthmatic children determined with PW-TDI

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wang Shaona; Song Lili; Cong Lin; Li Liping; Huang Yanxia

2007-01-01

Objective: To assess the right ventricular function of asthmatic children in onset period or remission period by using PW-TDI. Method: 36 children with confirmed asthma were enrolled. In tricuspid annular, the ECHO were recorded with PW-PDI pattern to obtain fight ventricular function (Sm, e-peak, Vmax for a-peak, and e/a), ICT, ET, IRT and Tei-Index. These were carried out in acute attack period and stable period. Result: Right ventficular function parameter (Sm, Vmax for e-peak, Vmax for a-peak, e/a and Tei-Index) in acute attack period were significant different compared to those in stable period (P<0.05). Conclusions: The fight ventricular function was impaired in patients with asthma in acute attack period. PW-TDI is helpful for assessing right ventricular function to asthmatic children. (authors)

Eisenmenger ventricular septal defect in a Humboldt penguin (Spheniscus humboldti).

Science.gov (United States)

Laughlin, D S; Ialeggio, D M; Trupkiewicz, J G; Sleeper, M M

2016-09-01

The Eisenmenger ventricular septal defect is an uncommon type of ventricular septal defect characterised in humans by a traditionally perimembranous ventricular septal defect, anterior deviation (cranioventral deviation in small animal patients) of the muscular outlet septum causing malalignment relative to the remainder of the muscular septum, and overriding of the aortic valve. This anomaly is reported infrequently in human patients and was identified in a 45-day-old Humboldt Penguin, Spheniscus humboldti, with signs of poor growth and a cardiac murmur. This case report describes the findings in this penguin and summarises the anatomy and classification of this cardiac anomaly. To the authors' knowledge this is the first report of an Eisenmenger ventricular septal defect in a veterinary patient. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Intraoperative Transesophageal Echocardiography and Right Ventricular Failure After Left Ventricular Assist Device Implantation.

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Silverton, Natalie A; Patel, Ravi; Zimmerman, Josh; Ma, Jianing; Stoddard, Greg; Selzman, Craig; Morrissey, Candice K

2018-02-15

To determine whether intraoperative measures of right ventricular (RV) function using transesophageal echocardiography are associated with subsequent RV failure after left ventricular assist device (LVAD) implantation. Retrospective, nonrandomized, observational study. Single tertiary-level, university-affiliated hospital. The study comprised 100 patients with systolic heart failure undergoing elective LVAD implantation. Transesophageal echocardiographic images before and after cardiopulmonary bypass were analyzed to quantify RV function using tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE), tricuspid annular systolic velocity (S'), fractional area change (FAC), RV global longitudinal strain, and RV free wall strain. A chart review was performed to determine which patients subsequently developed RV failure (right ventricular assist device placement or prolonged inotrope requirement ≥14 days). Nineteen patients (19%) subsequently developed RV failure. Postbypass FAC was the only measure of RV function that distinguished between the RV failure and non-RV failure groups (21.2% v 26.5%; p = 0.04). The sensitivity, specificity, and area under the curve of an abnormal RV FAC (failure after LVAD implantation were 84%, 20%, and 0.52, respectively. No other intraoperative measure of RV function was associated with subsequent RV failure. RV failure increased ventilator time, intensive care unit and hospital length of stay, and mortality. Intraoperative measures of RV function such as tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion, tricuspid annular systolic velocity, and RV strain were not associated with RV failure after LVAD implantation. Decreased postbypass FAC was significantly associated with RV failure but showed poor discrimination. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Fibrilação ventricular durante atividade esportiva tratada com sucesso Fibrilación ventricular durante actividad deportiva tratada con êxito Ventricular fibrillation during sport activity successfully treated

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Maria Margarita Gonzalez

2009-08-01

Full Text Available A sobrevida após parada cardio-respiratória extra-hospitalar é estimada em menos de 5%. Apresentamos um caso de fibrilação ventricular, durante atividade esportiva. Ressuscitação cardio-pulmonar foi iniciada precocemente por pessoa leiga, e desfibrilação foi realizada em menos de três minutos, com desfibrilador externo automático, com sucesso. O programa de acesso público à desfibrilação tem aumentado a sobrevida após fibrilação ventricular extra-hospitalar. Devemos estimular o treinamento de pessoas leigas com relação ao uso de desfibriladores externos automáticos e o programa Suporte Básico de Vida, incentivando a implementação deste em locais com grande afluxo de pessoas e locais com risco elevado de ocorrer morte súbita, a exemplo de centros esportivos.La sobrevida tras una parada cardiorrespiratoria extrahospitalaria se estima en menos del 5%. Presentamos un caso de fibrilación ventricular durante actividad deportiva La resucitación cardiopulmonar fue iniciada precozmente por personal no técnico, y la desfibrilación se realizó en menos de tres minutos, con desfibrilador externo automático, con éxito. El programa de acceso público a la desfibrilación aumentó la sobrevida después de la fibrilación ventricular extrahospitalaria. Debemos estimular la capacitación de personas no técnicas con relación al uso de desfibriladores externos automáticos y el programa Soporte Básico de Vida, incentivando la implementación del mismo en locales con gran afluencia de personas y locales con riesgo elevado de ocurrencia de muerte súbita, como es el caso de los centros deportivos.Survival after out-of-hospital cardiopulmonary arrest is estimated at less than 5%. We report a case of ventricular fibrillation during sports activity. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation was initiated early by a layperson, and defibrillation was successfully performed within less than three minutes, with an automated external defibrillator. The

Cerebrovascular accidents in patients with a ventricular assist device.

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Tsukui, Hiroyuki; Abla, Adib; Teuteberg, Jeffrey J; McNamara, Dennis M; Mathier, Michael A; Cadaret, Linda M; Kormos, Robert L

2007-07-01

A cerebrovascular accident is a devastating adverse event in a patient with a ventricular assist device. The goal was to clarify the risk factors for cerebrovascular accident. Prospectively collected data, including medical history, ventricular assist device type, white blood cell count, thrombelastogram, and infection, were reviewed retrospectively in 124 patients. Thirty-one patients (25%) had 48 cerebrovascular accidents. The mean ventricular assist device support period was 228 and 89 days in patients with and without cerebrovascular accidents, respectively (P cerebrovascular accidents occurred within 4 months after implantation. Actuarial freedom from cerebrovascular accident at 6 months was 75%, 64%, 63%, and 33% with the HeartMate device (Thoratec Corp, Pleasanton, Calif), Thoratec biventricular ventricular assist device (Thoratec Corp), Thoratec left ventricular assist device (Thoratec), and Novacor device (WorldHeart, Oakland, Calif), respectively. Twenty cerebrovascular accidents (42%) occurred in patients with infections. The mean white blood cell count at the cerebrovascular accident was greater than the normal range in patients with infection (12,900/mm3) and without infection (9500/mm3). The mean maximum amplitude of the thrombelastogram in the presence of infection (63.6 mm) was higher than that in the absence of infection (60.7 mm) (P = .0309). The risk of cerebrovascular accident increases with a longer ventricular assist device support period. Infection may activate platelet function and predispose the patient to a cerebrovascular accident. An elevation of the white blood cell count may also exacerbate the risk of cerebrovascular accident even in patients without infection. Selection of device type, prevention of infection, and meticulous control of anticoagulation are key to preventing cerebrovascular accident.

Left ventricular hypertrophy: virtuous intentions, malign consequences.

Science.gov (United States)

Pokharel, Saraswati; Sharma, Umesh C; Pinto, Yigal M

2003-06-01

Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is currently the focus of intense cardiovascular research, with the resultant rapid evolution of novel concepts relating to its exceedingly complex pathophysiology. In addition to the alterations in signal transduction and disturbances in Ca(2+) homeostasis, there are structural changes in myofilaments, disorganization of the cytoskeletal framework and increased collagen synthesis. LVH is associated with progressive left ventricular remodeling that culminates to heart failure. The modern treatment of left ventricular hypertrophy is now largely based on the hypothesis that neuroendocrine activation is important in the progression of the disease and inhibition of neurohormones is likely to have long-term benefit with regard to morbidity and mortality. Drugs specifically designed to unload the left ventricle, such as diuretics and vasodilators, appears to be less effective in reducing LV mass and improving prognosis. Thus, the evolution of treatment for LVH itself has provided much enlightenment for our understanding of the fundamental biology of the disorder.

"Rescue" ablation of electrical storm in arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy in pregnancy.

Science.gov (United States)

Stec, Sebastian; Krynski, Tomasz; Baran, Jakub; Kulakowski, Piotr

2013-08-13

Radiofrequency ablation (RFCA) became a treatment of choice in patients with recurrent ventricular tachycardia, ventricular fibrillation, and appropriate interventions of implanted cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD), however, electrical storm (ES) ablation in a pregnant woman has not yet been reported. We describe a case of a successful rescue ablation of recurrent ES in a 26-year-old Caucasian woman during her first pregnancy (23rd week). The arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia/cardiomyopathy (ARVD/C) was diagnosed 3 years earlier and several drugs as well as 2 ablations failed to control recurrences of ventricular tachycardia. RFCA was performed on the day of the third electric storm. The use of electroanatomic mapping allowed very low X-ray exposure, and after applications in the right ventricular outflow tract, arrhythmia disappeared. Three months after ablation, a healthy girl was delivered without any complications. During twelve-month follow-up there was no recurrence of ventricular tachycardia or ICD interventions. This case documents the first successful RFCA during ES due to recurrent unstable ventricular arrhythmias in a patient with ARVD/C in pregnancy. Current guidelines recommend metoprolol, sotalol and intravenous amiodarone for prevention of recurrent ventricular tachycardia in pregnancy, however, RFCA should be considered as a therapeutic option in selected cases. The use of 3D navigating system and near zero X-ray approach is associated with minimal radiation exposure for mother and fetus as well as low risk of procedural complication.

Normal left ventricular function does not protect against propafenone ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Normal left ventricular function does not protect against propafenone-induced incessant ventricular tachycardia. R. N. Scott Millar, J. B. Lawrenson, D.A. Milne. Abstract. Propafenone is a class Ic anti-arrhythmic agent with mild B-blocking properties which has recently become available in South Africa. We have used the ...

Flecainide Therapy Reduces Exercise-Induced Ventricular Arrhythmias in Patients With Catecholaminergic Polymorphic Ventricular Tachycardia

NARCIS (Netherlands)

van der Werf, Christian; Kannankeril, Prince J.; Sacher, Frederic; Krahn, Andrew D.; Viskin, Sami; Leenhardt, Antoine; Shimizu, Wataru; Sumitomo, Naokata; Fish, Frank A.; Bhuiyan, Zahurul A.; Willems, Albert R.; van der Veen, Maurits J.; Watanabe, Hiroshi; Laborderie, Julien; Haïssaguerre, Michel; Knollmann, Björn C.; Wilde, Arthur A. M.

2011-01-01

Objectives This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of flecainide in addition to conventional drug therapy in patients with catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT). Background CPVT is an inherited arrhythmia syndrome caused by gene mutations that destabilize cardiac

Usefulness of tomographic phase image in ventricular conduction abnormalities

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sakurai, Mitsuru; Watanabe, Yoshihiko; Kondo, Takeshi

1985-01-01

In order to evaluate three-dimensional phase changes in ventricular conduction abnormalities, tomographic phase images were constructed in 7 normal subjects, 12 patients with ventricular pacing, 21 patients with bundle branch block and 12 patients with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome. Eight to 12 slices of the short-axis ventricular tomographic phase image (TPI) were derived using a 7-pinhole collimator, and compared with planar phase images (PPIs) in left anterior oblique (LAO) and right anterior oblique (RAO) projections. TPIs were excellent for observing biventricular phase changes in the long-axis direction. In 6 cases of complete right bundle branch block with left axis deviation (beyond -30 0 ), the phase delay in the left ventricular anterior wall was recognized in 5 cases by TPI, although it was difficult to be detected by PPIs. The site of the pacing electrode was identified by TPI in 11 out of 12 cases, compared to 8 cases by PPIs in LAO and RAO projections. The site of the accessory pathway in Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome was detected in the basal slice of TPIs in 10 out of 12 cases, compared to 8 cases by PPI in the LAO projection. Therefore, it is obvious that TPIs offer more valid information than PPIs. In conclusion, TPI is useful for investigation of ventricular conduction abnormalities. (author)

Left ventricular performance during psychological stress

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Young, D.Z.; Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Dimsdale, J.E.; Moore, R.H.; Barlai-Kovach, M.; Newell, J.B.; McKusick, K.A.; Boucher, C.A.; Fifer, M.A.; Strauss, H.W.

1989-01-01

Left ventricular ejection fraction, systolic blood pressure and plasma norepinephrine were measured in six normotensive and six mildly hypertensive subjects during rest and psychological stress. Compared with rest, 8 of the 12 subjects developed significant changes in ejection fraction (increase in 6, decrease in 2); 10 of 12 subjects developed significant elevations of plasma norepinephrine; and all developed significant increases in systolic blood pressure. When the stress effects were examined for the total group, as opposed to within subjects, there were significant increases in plasma norepinephrine and systolic blood pressure but, interestingly, mean ejection fraction and stroke volume remained unchanged, implying stress led to increased left ventricular contractility. (orig.)

Intermittent′ restrictive ventricular septal defect in Tetralogy of Fallot

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Sudhir S Shetkar

2015-01-01

Full Text Available Ventricular septal defect (VSD in Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF is usually large and non-restrictive with equalization of right and left ventricular pressures. Restrictive VSD in TOF is rare. We present an unusual case of TOF with restriction to VSD caused by accessory tricuspid valve tissue that varied with respiration.

EXERCISE-INDUCED VENTRICULAR-TACHYCARDIA - A RARE MANIFESTATION OF DIGITALIS TOXICITY

NARCIS (Netherlands)

GOSSELINK, ATM; CRIJNS, HJGM; WIESFELD, ACP; LIE, KI

Digitalis intoxication is one of the most common adverse drug reactions. Although some arrhythmias are seen more frequently than others, virtually any rhythm disturbance, including ventricular tachycardia, may occur. However, to our knowledge, exercise-induced ventricular tachycardia as a

Preliminary study of left ventricular cavity-to-myocardial count ratio. A new parameter for left ventricular function

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zhou Ying; Qu Wanying; Zhu Ming; Gao Wenping; Zhao Hongshan

1995-01-01

A new simple quantitative parameter, left ventricular cavity-to-myocardial count ratio (C/M ratio) was suggested and compared with LVEF to assess its reliability and clinical value. Of 220 patients in the study, 102 had both exercise 99m Tc-MIBI myocardial SPECT imaging and resting radionuclide ventriculography, another 118 patients had both rest 99m Tc-MIBI myocardial SPECT imaging and rest radionuclide ventriculography, 740 MBq of 99m Tc-MIBI was injected intravenously. Both the exercise and rest C/M ratio were determined on short-axis tomograms and LVEF were calculated from radionuclide ventriculography. The correlation between LVEF and the C/M (exercise and rest) was analyzed. There was a positive linear correlation between LVEF measured by ventriculography and both C/M exercise ratio (r = 0.6964) and C/M rest ratio (r = 0.6995). The sensitivity of C/M exercise and rest ratio for detecting patients with left ventricular dysfunction is 71.9%, 68.6%; the specificity is 92.9%, 97.0%; the accuracy is 86.3%, 84.7% respectively. C/M ratio can accurately identify patients with CAD who have resting left ventricular dysfunction. It was highly reproducible, reliable and useful in clinical diagnosis

Fibroma cardíaco mimetizando cardiomiopatia hipertrófica Cardiac fibroma mimicking hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

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Luís Alberto Dallan

1989-12-01

Full Text Available É relatado o caso de paciente com queixa de dor precordial, dispnéia e arritmia desde a adolescência, tratada clinicamente por mais de 10 anos. Nesse período, foi submetida a inúmeros exames ângio e ecocardiográficos, com suspeita inicial de endomiocardiofibrose e, posteriormente, de cardiomiopatia hipertrófica de ventrículo esquerdo. Como houve piora progressiva da sintomatologia e ausência de resposta à medicação, foi encaminhada ao nosso Serviço, onde se diagnosticou fibroma de ventrículo esquerdo. Foi submetida, com sucesso, à ressecção cirúrgica do tumor, sendo realizada reconstrução geométrica do ventrículo esquerdo. Apresenta boa evolução, decorridos dois anos, com remissão completa dos sintomas. Destacamos a dificuldade no diagnóstico diferencial desses tumores benignos e de crescimento lento, com as cardiomiopatias hipertróficas do ventrículo esquerdo.A 33 year-old woman was seen, for the first time, ten years ago, for evaluation of a recurrent chest pain, dyspnea and arrhythmia. She was submitted to echocardiographic studies and a cardiac catheterization. The diagnoses was endomyocardial fibrosis at first, and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy after. Despite treatment with propranolol and quinidine, the episodes of dyspnea and tachyarrhythmias became more frequent and severe, and the patient was guided to our Service. Cardiac re-catheterization, echocardiographic and computed tomography studies identified in traumural cardiac fibroma and the patient was referred for surgical treatment. The cardiac fibroma was successfully resected on extracorporeal bypass and with cardioplegic arrest of the heart. Repair of the heart was accomplished with a patch placed to close the left ventricular cavity. The postoperative course was uncomplicated, and she remains assymptomatic two years later. We have emphazied tha this tumor often produces clinically obscure disease, simulating particularly the left ventricle hypertrophic

O carvedilol no tecido conjuntivo cardíaco de ratos durante o desenvolvimento da hipertrofia miocárdica concêntrica

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Leomil Neto Moacir

2006-01-01

Full Text Available A estimulação catecolaminérgica precoce e excessiva do coração, que ocorre na insuficiência cardíaca congestiva, acentua a sobrecarga de pressão e o volume nos ventrículos, agravando, conseqüentemente, a isquemia miocárdica, causando morte de miócitos com deposição de tecido conjuntivo e progressiva redução do débito cardíaco. O carvedilol, um b e alfa1-bloqueador não cardio-seletivo, vem sendo associado a melhorias na função miocárdica e à regressão da hipertrofia ventricular esquerda. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar a ação do carvedilol em ratos submetidos a um modelo experimental de hipertrofia miocárdica por sobrecarga de pressão, por meio da coartação da aorta subdiafragmática. Ratos Wistar (65 animais foram divididos em quatro grupos: não coartados/tratados com placebo, coartados/tratados com placebo, coartados/tratados com 0,1mg kg-1 de carvedilol e coartados/tratados com 1mg kg-1 de carvedilol. Após o procedimento cirúrgico e 20 dias de tratamento, os animais foram submetidos à eutanásia e coletados fragmentos que, depois de fixados em formol a 10% e processados pela técnica histológica convencional utilizando coloração picrossirius, permitiram contagem de tecido conjuntivo nos ventrículos esquerdo e direito. Resultados: nos animais coartados/tratados com placebo, houve aumento na porcentagem de tecido conjuntivo nos ventrículos esquerdo e direito; nos coartados/tratados com 0,1mg kg-1 de carvedilol, houve uma redução parcial da quantidade de tecido colágeno do ventrículo esquerdo e direito, e, nos coartados/tratados com 1mg kg-1 de carvedilol, houve uma redução significativa na quantidade de tecido colágeno do ventrículo esquerdo.

Angiographic differentiation of type of ventricular septal defects

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Cheon, Mal Soon; Park, Hee Young; Kim, Yang Sook

1989-01-01

Defects of the ventricular septum are the commonest type of congenital cardiac malformations. A classification with axial angiography of the subtypes of ventricular septal defects is proposed on the study of 126 patients with defects of the ventricular septum. The results were as follows: 1. The incidence of the ventricular septal defects was 39.6% of congenital heart malformation. 2. The sex distribution of cases were 70 males and 56 females, the age ranged from 13 months to 26 years. 3. Angiographic features seen by axial angiography were as follows: a. Perimembranous defects as seen on long axial view of left ventriculogram were in continuity wity aortic valve. The relation of the defect to the tricuspid valve allows distinction of the extension of the preimembranous defect toward inlet, trabecular, or infundibular zones. This relation was determined angiographically, using the course of the contrast medium from the left ventricle through the ventricular septal defect, opacifying the right ventricle. In inlet excavation, the shunted blood opacified the recess between septal leaflet of tricuspid valve and interventricular septum in early phase, in infundibular excavation, opacified the recess between anterior leaflet of tricuspid valve and anterior free wall of right ventricle and in trabecular excavation, the shunted blood traversed anterior portion of tricuspid valve ring, opacified trabecular portion of right ventricle. b. Muscular defects were separated from the semilunar and atrioventricular valves. c, Subarterial defects were related to both semilunar valves, and they were best demonstrated on the elongated right anterior oblique view of the left ventriculogram. d. Total infundibular defects were profiled in right anterior oblique 30 and long axial view, subaortic in location in both views

[Catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia is a rare inherited heart disease.

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Holst, Anders Gaarsdal; Tfelt-Hansen, 1jacob; Olesen, Morten S

2010-01-01

Catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia is a rare inherited heart disease, which can lead to life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias in patients with a structurally normal heart. The age of onset is usually between two and 12 years and the initial symptom is frequently syncope...

[Tricuspid insufficiency and right traumatic ventricular aneurysm. Apropos of a case].

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Boisselier, P; Lombaert, M; Rey, J L; Quiret, J C; Bernasconi, P

1981-12-01

Tricuspid incompetence associated with a right ventricular aneurysm wa discovered after a non-penetrating thoracic injury. The severity of the tricuspid lesion was confirmed by phonomechanography, catheterisation and angiography. The mechanism was demonstrated by two-dimensional echocardiography: the right ventricular aneurysm was located in the right ventricular outflow tract. As the hemodynamic tolerance was good, surgery was not performed. A review of the literature found 41 other reports of traumatic tricuspid incompetence, and 4 cases of right ventricular aneurysm, only one of which was associated with tricuspid regurgitation. The points of interest of ths case: the rarity of the association, the good hemodynamic tolerance and the value of two-dimensional echocardiography for the diagnosis of ruptured chordae in the absence of surgical observations.

Ethical challenges with the left ventricular assist device as a destination therapy

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Rady Mohamed Y

2008-08-01

Full Text Available Abstract The left ventricular assist device was originally designed to be surgically implanted as a bridge to transplantation for patients with chronic end-stage heart failure. On the basis of the REMATCH trial, the US Food and Drug Administration and the US Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services approved permanent implantation of the left ventricular assist device as a destination therapy in Medicare beneficiaries who are not candidates for heart transplantation. The use of the left ventricular assist device as a destination therapy raises certain ethical challenges. Left ventricular assist devices can prolong the survival of average recipients compared with optimal medical management of chronic end-stage heart failure. However, the overall quality of life can be adversely affected in some recipients because of serious infections, neurologic complications, and device malfunction. Left ventricular assist devices alter end-of-life trajectories. The caregivers of recipients may experience significant burden (e.g., poor physical health, depression, anxiety, and posttraumatic stress disorder from destination therapy with left ventricular assist devices. There are also social and financial ramifications for recipients and their families. We advocate early utilization of a palliative care approach and outline prerequisite conditions so that consenting for the use of a left ventricular assist device as a destination therapy is a well informed process. These conditions include: (1 direct participation of a multidisciplinary care team, including palliative care specialists, (2 a concise plan of care for anticipated device-related complications, (3 careful surveillance and counseling for caregiver burden, (4 advance-care planning for anticipated end-of-life trajectories and timing of device deactivation, and (5 a plan to address the long-term financial burden on patients, families, and caregivers. Short-term mechanical circulatory devices (e

Right ventricular volume and mass determined by cine magnetic resonance imaging in HIV patients with possible right ventricular dysfunction

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Kjaer, Andreas; Lebech, Anne-Mette; Gerstoft, Jan

2006-01-01

Impaired right ventricular (RV) function has been reported to occur in patients with HIV when studied by echocardiography. However, for accurate evaluation of RV function and morphology, first-pass radionuclide ventriculography (RNV) and cine magnetic resonance imaging (cine-MRI) are methods...... ventricular ejection fraction (RVEF). To do so, we screened patients with RNV and performed an additional cine-MRI in those with reduced RVEF determined by RNV. Ninety patients with HIV were included. To evaluate the MRI measures exactly we included 18 age- and gender-matched healthy volunteers to establish...

Left ventricular function abnormalities as a manifestation of silent myocardial ischemia.

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Lambert, C R; Conti, C R; Pepine, C J

1986-11-01

A large body of evidence exists indicating that left ventricular dysfunction is a common occurrence in patients with severe coronary artery disease and represents silent or asymptomatic myocardial ischemia. Such dysfunction probably occurs early in the time course of every ischemic episode in patients with coronary artery disease whether symptoms are eventually manifested or not. The pathophysiology of silent versus symptomatic left ventricular dysfunction due to ischemia appears to be identical. Silent ischemia-related left ventricular dysfunction can be documented during spontaneous or stress-induced perturbations in the myocardial oxygen supply/demand ratio. It also may be detected by nitroglycerin-induced improvement in ventricular function or by salutary changes in wall motion following revascularization. Silent left ventricular dysfunction is a very early occurrence during ischemia and precedes electrocardiographic abnormalities. In this light, its existence should always be kept in mind when dealing with patients with ischemic heart disease. It can be hypothesized that because silent ischemia appears to be identical to ischemia with symptoms in a pathophysiologic sense, prognosis and treatment in both cases should be the same.

Surgical myocardial revascularization in patients with reduced systolic left ventricular function.

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Bruno, Piergiorgio; Iafrancesco, Mauro; Massetti, Massimo

2018-04-20

Surgical myocardial revascularization in patients with reduced left ventricular function has been a matter of debate for decades. Recently published 10-years extension follow-up of the STICH trial have conclusively demonstrated benefit of surgical myocardial revascularization in patients with significant coronary artery disease and low left ventricular ejection fraction. However, selection of patients for surgery remains challenging as well as decision to perform percutaneous rather than surgical revascularization in this class of patients. New evidence helped to clarify the role of preoperative patients' characteristics as risk factors for surgery and to identify those patients who may benefit the most from surgery. Focus of this review is to review epidemiology, aetiology and pathophysiology of coronary artery disease in patients with reduced left ventricular function, role of viability and results of observational and investigational studies on revascularization in patients with reduced left ventricular function with a particular emphasis on relative indication of coronary artery bypass grafting and percutaneous coronary intervention and the surgical implications of development of ischemic mitral regurgitation or ischemic left ventricular aneurysm.

Evaluation of left ventricular volumes measured by magnetic resonance imaging

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Møgelvang, J; Thomsen, C; Mehlsen, J

1986-01-01

Left ventricular end-diastolic and end-systolic volumes were determined in 17 patients with different levels of left ventricular function by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). A 1.5 Tesla Magnet was used obtaining ECG triggered single and multiple slices. Calculated cardiac outputs were compared...

Regeneração aberrante do nervo oculomotor secundária a aneurisma intracraniano: relato de caso Aberrant regeneration of the oculomotor nerve followed by intracranial aneurysm: case report

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Renato Wendell Ferreira Damasceno

2008-06-01

Full Text Available Relatar um caso de regeneração aberrante secundária à paralisia aguda do nervo oculomotor causada por aneurisma intracraniano. Paciente atendida em fevereiro de 2006 queixando-se de dor de cabeça acompanhada de visão dupla e queda da pálpebra no olho direito. Na avaliação da motilidade ocular extrínseca, verificou-se incapacidade da adução, da supradução e da infradução associada à blefaroptose no olho direito. Com relação à motilidade intrínseca, midríase paralítica no olho direito. Formulou-se diagnóstico de paralisia aguda de nervo oculomotor no olho direito e solicitou-se avaliação neurológica. No Departamento de Neurocirurgia, após ser diagnosticada presença de aneurisma de artéria comunicante posterior, a paciente foi submetida a tratamento cirúrgico. Em dezembro de 2006, observou-se melhora relativa da adução, mantendo a incapacidade da supradução e da infradução com blefaroptose melhorada à adução do olho direito. Com relação à motilidade intrínseca, miose no olho afetado. O diagnóstico de regeneração aberrante do nervo oculomotor pós-paralisia aguda foi formulado baseando-se na anamnese e nos exames oftalmológicos seqüenciais.To report a case of aberrant regeneration followed by acute palsy of the oculomotor nerve caused by intracranial aneurysm. A 59-year-old patient was attended in February 2006 complaining of headache with diplopia and blepharoptosis in the right eye. At the external ocular motility exam. Aduction, supraduction and infraduction defects with blepharoptosis in the right eye were observed. Regarding the internal ocular motility, mydriasis in the right eye. Acute palsy of the oculomotor nerve in the right eye was diagnosed and neurological examination was requested. At the Department of Neurosurgery, after having diagnosed aneurysm of the posterior communicating artery, the patient was submitted to an operation. In December 2006, it improvement of the aduction was

Association between circulating fibroblast growth factor 23, α-Klotho, and the left ventricular ejection fraction and left ventricular mass in cardiology inpatients.

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Kensaku Shibata

Full Text Available BACKGROUND: Fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23, with its co-receptor Klotho, plays a crucial role in phosphate metabolism. Several recent studies suggested that circulating FGF23 and α-Klotho concentrations might be related to cardiovascular abnormalities in patients with advanced renal failure. PURPOSE: Using data from 100 cardiology inpatients who were not undergoing chronic hemodialysis, the association of circulating levels of FGF23, α-Klotho, and other calcium-phosphate metabolism-related parameters with the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF and left ventricular mass (LVM was analyzed. METHODS AND RESULTS: LVEF was measured using the modified Simpson method for apical 4-chamber LV images and the LVM index (LVMI was calculated by dividing the LVM by body surface area. Univariate analysis showed that log transformed FGF23, but not that of α-Klotho, was significantly associated with LVEF and LVMI with a standardized beta of -0.35 (P<0.001 and 0.26 (P<0.05, respectively. After adjusting for age, sex, estimated glomerular filtration rate, and serum concentrations of intact parathyroid hormone, and 25-hydroxyvitamin D as covariates into the statistical model, log-transformed FGF23 was found to be a statistically positive predictor for decreased left ventricular function and left ventricular hypertrophy. CONCLUSIONS: In cardiology department inpatients, circulating FGF23 concentrations were found to be associated with the left ventricular mass and LVEF independent of renal function and other calcium-phosphate metabolism-related parameters. Whether modulation of circulating FGF23 levels would improve cardiac outcome in such a high risk population awaits further investigation.

Real-time adjustment of ventricular restraint therapy in heart failure.

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Ghanta, Ravi K; Lee, Lawrence S; Umakanthan, Ramanan; Laurence, Rita G; Fox, John A; Bolman, Ralph Morton; Cohn, Lawrence H; Chen, Frederick Y

2008-12-01

Current ventricular restraint devices do not allow for either the measurement or adjustment of ventricular restraint level. Periodic adjustment of restraint level post-device implantation may improve therapeutic efficacy. We evaluated the feasibility of an adjustable quantitative ventricular restraint (QVR) technique utilizing a fluid-filled polyurethane epicardial balloon to measure and adjust restraint level post-implantation guided by physiologic parameters. QVR balloons were implanted in nine ovine with post-infarction dilated heart failure. Restraint level was defined by the maximum restraint pressure applied by the balloon to the epicardium at end-diastole. An access line connected the balloon lumen to a subcutaneous portacath to allow percutaneous access. Restraint level was adjusted while left ventricular (LV) end-diastolic volume (EDV) and cardiac output was assessed with simultaneous transthoracic echocardiography. All nine ovine successfully underwent QVR balloon implantation. Post-implantation, restraint level could be measured percutaneously in real-time and dynamically adjusted by instillation and withdrawal of fluid from the balloon lumen. Using simultaneous echocardiography, restraint level could be adjusted based on LV EDV and cardiac output. After QVR therapy for 21 days, LV EDV decreased from 133+/-15 ml to 113+/-17 ml (p<0.05). QVR permits real-time measurement and physiologic adjustment of ventricular restraint therapy after device implantation.

A case of delayed cardiac perforation of active ventricular lead

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Hangyuan Guo

2011-12-01

Full Text Available A 65-year-old man was admitted as for one month of repetitive dizziness and one episode of syncope. Electrocardiogram showed sinus bradycardia and his Holter monitoring also showed sinus bradycardia with sinus arrest, sino-atrial block and a longest pause of 4.3 s. Then sick sinus syndrome and Adam-Stokes syndrome were diagnosed. Then a dual chamber pacemaker (Medtronic SDR303 was implanted and the parameters were normal by detection. The patient was discharged 1 week later with suture removed. Then 1.5 month late the patient was presented to hospital once again for sudden onset of chest pain with exacerbation after taking deep breath. Pacemaker programming showed both pacing and sensing abnormality with threshold of?5.0V and resistance of 1200?. Lead perforation was revealed by chest X-ray and confirmed by echocardiogram. Considering the fact that there was high risk to remove ventricular lead, spiral tip of previous ventricular lead was withdrew followed by implantation of a new ventricular active lead to the septum. Previous ventricular lead was maintained. As we know that the complications of lead perforation in the clinic was rare. Here we discuss the clinical management and the possible reasons for cardiac perforation of active ventricular lead.

Prognostic significance of radionuclide-assessed right ventricular function in dilated cardiomyopathy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ohno, Akira; Nishimura, Tsunehiko; Uehara, Toshiisa; Shimonagata, Tsuyoshi; Kumita, Shinichiro; Ogawa, Youji; Nagata, Seiki; Miyatake, Kunio

1991-01-01

To assess the prognostic significance of right ventricular function in dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), we studied consecutive 57 DCM patients. There were 41 men and 16 women, whose mean age was 48 years (range 3-68 years). The mean left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) in all patients was 29±11%, and the mean interval from the onset of symptom of cardiac failure (CHF history) was 4 years (range 0-33 years). With follow-up of 3.8 years, five patients had died until the first year, and 14 had died until the third year. By using multivariate regression analysis, there were no prognostic significance in clinical parameters such as age, CHF history, sex, atrial fibrillation, except for NYHA class, and medication at the third year. In survival curves according to Kaplan-Meier method, right ventricular ejection fraction (RVEF) and mean pulmonary artery (PA) had predictive value (p<0.05), while LVEF did not. The patients with RVEF<45% had poor survival rate compared to those with RVEF≥45%. The patients with RVEF<45% showed lower LVEF and left ventricular end-systolic volume index. RVEF may offer prognostic predictive value through the effect of not only mean PA but also left ventricular parameter. In conclusion, radionuclide assessment of right ventricular function should be valuable for the prognostic evaluation of DCM patients. (author)

Prognostic significance of radionuclide-assessed right ventricular function in dilated cardiomyopathy

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Ohno, Akira; Nishimura, Tsunehiko; Uehara, Toshiisa; Shimonagata, Tsuyoshi; Kumita, Shinichiro; Ogawa, Youji; Nagata, Seiki; Miyatake, Kunio [National Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Osaka (Japan)

1991-09-01

To assess the prognostic significance of right ventricular function in dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), we studied consecutive 57 DCM patients. There were 41 men and 16 women, whose mean age was 48 years (range 3-68 years). The mean left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) in all patients was 29{+-}11%, and the mean interval from the onset of symptom of cardiac failure (CHF history) was 4 years (range 0-33 years). With follow-up of 3.8 years, five patients had died until the first year, and 14 had died until the third year. By using multivariate regression analysis, there were no prognostic significance in clinical parameters such as age, CHF history, sex, atrial fibrillation, except for NYHA class, and medication at the third year. In survival curves according to Kaplan-Meier method, right ventricular ejection fraction (RVEF) and mean pulmonary artery (PA) had predictive value (p<0.05), while LVEF did not. The patients with RVEF<45% had poor survival rate compared to those with RVEF{>=}45%. The patients with RVEF<45% showed lower LVEF and left ventricular end-systolic volume index. RVEF may offer prognostic predictive value through the effect of not only mean PA but also left ventricular parameter. In conclusion, radionuclide assessment of right ventricular function should be valuable for the prognostic evaluation of DCM patients. (author).

Analysis of Contemporary Methods for Designing Rotary Type Ventricular Assist Devices

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E. P. Banin

2015-01-01

Full Text Available The research object is inlet apparatus of ventricular assist device, namely inlet cannula and straightener.The purpose of the study is to reveal features of blood flow in inlet apparatus of ventricular assist device. The mathematical modeling is carried out by computational fluid dynamics analysis in a stationary setting.The first part of study concerns the analysis of existing approaches to the numerical and experimental studies in designing the ventricular assist devices of rotary type. It reveals the features of each approach for their further application in practice. The article presents an original design of developed hydraulic test bench to verify the results of mathematical modeling. Analysis of foreign authors’ studies showed that there is no enough attention paid to design of the adjacent pump assemblies of ventricular assist device. The second part of study considers direct mathematical modeling of input apparatus of ventricular assist device. The study examined straightener with three or four blades. Mathematical modeling has revealed the presence of potentially dangerous stagnation zones and essential asymmetry of the outlet flow from the input unit. The found features must be taken in consideration in designing the ventricular assist device pumps. In the future we plan to use obtained data to create a parametric model of the rotor and the diffuser considering the abovementioned features.

Significance of left ventricular volume measurement after heart transplantation using radionuclide techniques

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Novitzky, D.; Cooper, D.; Boniaszczuk, J.

1985-01-01

Multigated equilibrium blood pool scanning using Technetium 99m labeled red blood cells was used to measure left ventricular volumes in three heterotopic and one orthotopic heart transplant recipient(s). Simultaneously, an endomyocardial biopsy was performed and the degree of acute rejection was assessed by a histological scoring system. The scores were correlated to changes in ejection fraction and heart rate. Technetium 99m scanning data were pooled according to the endomyocardial biopsy score: no rejection; mild rejection; moderate rejection, and severe rejection. In each group, the median of the left ventricular volume parameters was calculated and correlated with the endomyocardial biopsy score, using a non-parametric one-way analysis of variance. A decrease in stroke volume correlated best with the endomyocardial biopsy score during acute rejection. A decrease in end-diastolic left ventricular volumes did not correlate as well. Changes in the end-systolic left ventricular volumes were not statistically significant, but using a simple correlation between end-systolic left ventricular volumes and endomyocardial biopsy the correlation reached significance. Changes in left ventricular volumes measured by Technetium 99m scanning may be useful to confirm the presence or absence of acute rejection in patients with heart grafts

Assessment of 123I-β-methyl iodophenyl pentadecanoic acid (BMIPP) myocardial scintigraphy in patients of chronic right ventricular overload. Fatty acid metabolism in right ventricular myocardium

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Mutoh, Hiroshi

1997-01-01

An investigation on the right ventricular pressure level and the abnormalities in the fatty acid metabolism of myocardium was made using 123 I-βmethyl-iodophenyl pentadecanoic acid (BMIPP) myocardial SPECT in patients with chronic right ventricular overloading. Twenty patients who presented with right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP) of 35 mmHg or more were used as the subjects. Dual myocardial SPECT with 201 TlCl (Tl) and BMIPP was carried out for the subjects and RVc/LVc, a ratio of radioactivity count incorporated in the right ventricular free wall to the left one was determined for Tl and BMIPP. And the correlations between RVc/LVc and RVSP, and RVc/LVc and RVSP/LVSP were examined. The subjects were classified into 3 groups based on the RVSP levels and the count ratio, BMIPP/Tl was compared among the three groups. With respect of Tl uptake, there were significant, positive correlations between RVc/LVc and RVSP (correlation coefficient r=0.51, p<0.05) and between RVc/LVc and RVSP/LVSP (correlation coefficient r=0.59, p<0.01). On the other hand, no significant correlation was found between them with respect of the uptake of BMIPP. The BMIPP/Tl ratio in the group with higher than 80 mmHg of RVSP was 0.82±0.06, which was significantly lower than the ratio's for two groups of less than 80 mmHg; 0.91±0.07 and 0.98±0.04 in the group with 35-49 and 50-79 mmHg of RVSP, respectively. These results show that when compared with BMIPP, Tl is superior for the estimation of right ventricular pressure. For the patients with right ventricular overloading, it was suggested that when RVSP reaches 80 mmHg or more, there appear some disorders in the fatty acid metabolism in the right ventricular myocardium. (author)

Calculation of the ALMA Risk of Right Ventricular Failure After Left Ventricular Assist Device Implantation.

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Loforte, Antonio; Montalto, Andrea; Musumeci, Francesco; Amarelli, Cristiano; Mariani, Carlo; Polizzi, Vincenzo; Lilla Della Monica, Paola; Grigioni, Francesco; Di Bartolomeo, Roberto; Marinelli, Giuseppe

2018-05-08

Right ventricular failure after continuous-flow left ventricular assist device (LVAD) implantation is still an unsolved issue and remains a life-threatening event for patients. We undertook this study to determine predictors of the patients who are candidates for isolated LVAD therapy as opposed to biventricular support (BVAD). We reviewed demographic, echocardiographic, hemodynamic, and laboratory variables for 258 patients who underwent both isolated LVAD implantation and unplanned BVAD because of early right ventricular failure after LVAD insertion, between 2006 and 2017 (LVAD = 170 and BVAD = 88). The final study patients were randomly divided into derivation (79.8%, n = 206) and validation (20.1%, n = 52) cohorts. Fifty-seven preoperative risk factors were compared between patients who were successfully managed with an LVAD and those who required a BVAD. Nineteen variables demonstrated statistical significance on univariable analysis. Multivariable logistic regression analysis identified destination therapy (odds ratio [OR] 2.0 [1.7-3.9], p = 0.003), a pulmonary artery pulsatility index right ventricle/left ventricle end-diastolic diameter ratio >0.75 (OR 2.7 [1.5-5.5], p = 0.001), an right ventricle stroke work index 17 (OR 3.5 [1.9-6.9], p the major predictors of the need for BVAD. Using these data, we propose a simple risk calculator to determine the suitability of patients for isolated LVAD support in the era of continuous-flow mechanical circulatory support devices.

Atrioventricular and ventricular-to-ventricular programming in patients with cardiac resynchronization therapy: results from ALTITUDE.

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Steinberg, Benjamin A; Wehrenberg, Scott; Jackson, Kevin P; Hayes, David L; Varma, Niraj; Powell, Brian D; Day, John D; Frazier-Mills, Camille G; Stein, Kenneth M; Jones, Paul W; Piccini, Jonathan P

2015-12-01

Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) improves outcomes in patients with heart failure, yet response rates are variable. We sought to determine whether physician-specified CRT programming was associated with improved outcomes. Using data from the ALTITUDE remote follow-up cohort, we examined sensed atrioventricular (AV) and ventricular-to-ventricular (VV) programming and their associated outcomes in patients with de novo CRT from 2009-2010. Outcomes included arrhythmia burden, left ventricular (LV) pacing, and all-cause mortality at 4 years. We identified 5709 patients with de novo CRT devices; at the time of implant, 34% (n = 1959) had entirely nominal settings programmed, 40% (n = 2294) had only AV timing adjusted, 11% (n = 604) had only VV timing adjusted, and 15% (n = 852) had both AV and VV adjusted from nominal programming. Suboptimal LV pacing (5% was lowest in the AV-only adjusted group (17.9%) and highest in the nominal (27.7%) and VV-only adjusted (28.3%) groups. Adjusted all-cause mortality was significantly higher among patients with non-nominal AV delay >120 vs. 180 vs. ≤180 ms, p = 0.4). Nominal settings for de novo CRT implants are frequently altered, most commonly the AV delay. There is wide variability in reprogramming. Patients with nominal or AV-only adjustments appear to have favorable pacing and arrhythmia outcomes. Sensed AV delays less than 120 ms are associated with improved survival.

Ventricular septal defect closure in a patient with achondroplasia.

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Nakanishi, Keisuke; Kawasaki, Shiori; Amano, Atsushi

2017-01-01

Achondroplasia with co-morbid CHD is rare, as are reports of surgical treatment for such patients. We present the case of a 13-year-old girl with achondroplasia and ventricular septal defect. Her ventricular septal defect was surgically repaired focussing on the cardiopulmonary bypass flow, healing of the sternum, and her frail neck cartilage. The surgery and recovery were without complications.

Left and right ventricular dyssynchrony and strains from cardiovascular magnetic resonance feature tracking do not predict deterioration of ventricular function in patients with repaired tetralogy of Fallot.

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Jing, Linyuan; Wehner, Gregory J; Suever, Jonathan D; Charnigo, Richard J; Alhadad, Sudad; Stearns, Evan; Mojsejenko, Dimitri; Haggerty, Christopher M; Hickey, Kelsey; Valente, Anne Marie; Geva, Tal; Powell, Andrew J; Fornwalt, Brandon K

2016-08-22

Patients with repaired tetralogy of Fallot (rTOF) suffer from progressive ventricular dysfunction decades after their surgical repair. We hypothesized that measures of ventricular strain and dyssynchrony would predict deterioration of ventricular function in patients with rTOF. A database search identified all patients at a single institution with rTOF who underwent cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) at least twice, >6 months apart, without intervening surgical or catheter procedures. Seven primary predictors were derived from the first CMR using a custom feature tracking algorithm: left (LV), right (RV) and inter-ventricular dyssynchrony, LV and RV peak global circumferential strains, and LV and RV peak global longitudinal strains. Three outcomes were defined, whose changes were assessed over time: RV end-diastolic volume, and RV and LV ejection fraction. Multivariate linear mixed models were fit to investigate relationships of outcomes to predictors and ten potential baseline confounders. One hundred fifty-three patients with rTOF (23 ± 14 years, 50 % male) were included. The mean follow-up duration between the first and last CMR was 2.9 ± 1.3 years. After adjustment for confounders, none of the 7 primary predictors were significantly associated with change over time in the 3 outcome variables. Only 1-17 % of the variability in the change over time in the outcome variables was explained by the baseline predictors and potential confounders. In patients with repaired tetralogy of Fallot, ventricular dyssynchrony and global strain derived from cine CMR were not significantly related to changes in ventricular size and function over time. The ability to predict deterioration in ventricular function in patients with rTOF using current methods is limited.

Wave Intensity Analysis of Right Ventricular Function during Pulsed Operation of Rotary Left Ventricular Assist Devices.

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Bouwmeester, J Christopher; Park, Jiheum; Valdovinos, John; Bonde, Pramod

2018-05-29

Changing the speed of left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) cyclically may be useful to restore aortic pulsatility; however, the effects of this pulsation on right ventricular (RV) function are unknown. This study investigates the effects of direct ventricular interaction by quantifying the amount of wave energy created by RV contraction when axial and centrifugal LVADs are used to assist the left ventricle. In 4 anesthetized pigs, pressure and flow were measured in the main pulmonary artery and wave intensity analysis was used to identify and quantify the energy of waves created by the RV. The axial pump depressed the intensity of waves created by RV contraction compared with the centrifugal pump. In both pump designs, there were only minor and variable differences between the continuous and pulsed operation on RV function. The axial pump causes the RV to contract with less energy compared with a centrifugal design. Diminishing the ability of the RV to produce less energy translates to less pressure and flow produced, which may lead to LVAD-induced RV failure. The effects of pulsed LVAD operation on the RV appear to be minimal during acute observation of healthy hearts. Further study is necessary to uncover the effects of other modes of speed modulation with healthy and unhealthy hearts to determine if pulsed operation will benefit patients by reducing LVAD complications.

Hipertrofia ventricular izquierda como factor de riesgo cardiovascular en el paciente hipertenso

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Llancaqueo V. Marcelo, Dr.

2012-11-01

Full Text Available La hipertrofia ventricular izquierda es una respuesta maladaptativa a la sobrecarga de presión crónica y un factor de riesgo importante para la fibrilación auricular, insuficiencia cardíaca diastólica, insuficiencia cardíaca sistólica, y la muerte súbita en pacientes con hipertensión. Dado que no todos los pacientes con hipertensión desarrollan hipertrofia ventricular izquierda, hay hallazgos clínicos que se deben tener en cuenta que puede alertar al médico sobre la presencia de hipertrofia ventricular izquierda por lo que una evaluación más definitiva se puede realizar utilizando un electrocardiograma, ecocardiograma o la resonancia magnética cardiovascular. Control de la presión arterial, la restricción de sodio, y la pérdida de peso de forma independiente facilitar la regresión de la hipertrofia ventricular izquierda. Elección de un fármaco antihipertensivo puede ser importante cuando se trata a un paciente con hipertrofia ventricular izquierda hipertensiva. Los inhibidores de la enzima convertidora o bloqueadores del receptor de angiotensina II, seguido por los antagonistas de los canales de calcio, facilitan más rápidamente la regresión de la hipertrofia ventricular izquierda. Con la regresión de la hipertrofia ventricular izquierda, la función diastólica y la reserva de flujo coronario generalmente mejoran, y disminuye el riesgo cardiovascular.

Early Right Ventricular Apical Pacing-Induced Gene Expression Alterations Are Associated with Deterioration of Left Ventricular Systolic Function

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Haiyan Xu

2017-01-01

Full Text Available The chronic high-dose right ventricular apical (RVA pacing may have deleterious effects on left ventricular (LV systolic function. We hypothesized that the expression changes of genes regulating cardiomyocyte energy metabolism and contractility were associated with deterioration of LV function in patients who underwent chronic RVA pacing. Sixty patients with complete atrioventricular block and preserved ejection fraction (EF who underwent pacemaker implantation were randomly assigned to either RVA pacing (n=30 group or right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT pacing (n=30 group. The mRNA levels of OPA1 and SERCA2a were significantly lower in the RVA pacing group at 1 month’s follow-up (both p<0.001. Early changes in the expression of selected genes OPA1 and SERCA2a were associated with deterioration in global longitudinal strain (GLS that became apparent months later (p=0.002 and p=0.026, resp. The altered expressions of genes that regulate cardiomyocyte energy metabolism and contractility measured in the peripheral blood at one month following pacemaker implantation were associated with subsequent deterioration in LV dyssynchrony and function in patients with preserved LVEF, who underwent RVA pacing.

Influence of age on left ventricular performance during exercise in normal Japanese subject

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Konishi, Tokuji; Koyama, Takao; Aoki, Toshikazu; Makino, Katsutoshi; Yamamuro, Masashi; Nakai, Kyudayu; Nakamura, Masayuki; Nakano, Takeshi.

1990-01-01

To assess the effects of age on left ventricular performance, multistage supine ergometer exercise radionuclide ventriculography (RNV) was performed in 92 normal subjects. The subjects ranged in age from 24 to 86 years and were free of cardiopulmonary disease and diabetes. Age-related changes in exercise duration, left ventricular end-diastolic volume (LVEDV), left ventricular end-systolic volume (LVESV), cardiac output (CO) left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), left ventricular dv/dt, systolic and diastolic time indexes of dv/dt, and peak systolic pressure/left ventricular end-systolic volume (PSP/LVESV) were analyzed at rest and during the peak exercise stage. Age-related decrease in LVEDV and peak diastolic dv/dt were significant at rest. The time indexes of ECG R to peak systolic dv/dt and time of end-systole to peak diastolic dv/dt also were prolonged with age. Both maximum heart rate and exercise duration were shown to decline with age. No age-related difference was observed in LVESV, LVEF or PSP/LVESV either at rest or during exercise. However, the change of LVEF and LVESV during exercise was less in subjects aged 60 or more. These results indicate decreased left ventricular function during exercise in elderly subjects. (author)

Diclofenac Prolongs Repolarization in Ventricular Muscle with Impaired Repolarization Reserve

Science.gov (United States)

Kristóf, Attila; Husti, Zoltán; Koncz, István; Kohajda, Zsófia; Szél, Tamás; Juhász, Viktor; Biliczki, Péter; Jost, Norbert; Baczkó, István; Papp, Julius Gy; Varró, András; Virág, László

2012-01-01

Background The aim of the present work was to characterize the electrophysiological effects of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug diclofenac and to study the possible proarrhythmic potency of the drug in ventricular muscle. Methods Ion currents were recorded using voltage clamp technique in canine single ventricular cells and action potentials were obtained from canine ventricular preparations using microelectrodes. The proarrhythmic potency of the drug was investigated in an anaesthetized rabbit proarrhythmia model. Results Action potentials were slightly lengthened in ventricular muscle but were shortened in Purkinje fibers by diclofenac (20 µM). The maximum upstroke velocity was decreased in both preparations. Larger repolarization prolongation was observed when repolarization reserve was impaired by previous BaCl2 application. Diclofenac (3 mg/kg) did not prolong while dofetilide (25 µg/kg) significantly lengthened the QTc interval in anaesthetized rabbits. The addition of diclofenac following reduction of repolarization reserve by dofetilide further prolonged QTc. Diclofenac alone did not induce Torsades de Pointes ventricular tachycardia (TdP) while TdP incidence following dofetilide was 20%. However, the combination of diclofenac and dofetilide significantly increased TdP incidence (62%). In single ventricular cells diclofenac (30 µM) decreased the amplitude of rapid (IKr) and slow (IKs) delayed rectifier currents thereby attenuating repolarization reserve. L-type calcium current (ICa) was slightly diminished, but the transient outward (Ito) and inward rectifier (IK1) potassium currents were not influenced. Conclusions Diclofenac at therapeutic concentrations and even at high dose does not prolong repolarization markedly and does not increase the risk of arrhythmia in normal heart. However, high dose diclofenac treatment may lengthen repolarization and enhance proarrhythmic risk in hearts with reduced repolarization reserve. PMID:23300901

Failure of antiarrhythmic drugs to prevent experimental reperfusion ventricular fibrillation.

Science.gov (United States)

Naito, M; Michelson, E L; Kmetzo, J J; Kaplinsky, E; Dreifus, L S

1981-01-01

Ninety-nine adult mongrel dogs underwent acute ligation of the proximal left anterior descending coronary artery. Thirty minutes later, the occlusion was released to evaluate the effectiveness of five antiarrhythmic protocols in eliminating reperfusion ventricular fibrillation. The five protocols included: protocol 1 --i.v. lidocaine, preligation and prerelease (n = 19); protocol 2 -- i.v. lidocaine, prereperfusion only (n = 22); protocol 3 -- chronic, oral, daily amiodarone for 2 weeks preligation (n = 19); protocol 4 -- i.v. procainamide, preligation and prereperfusion (n = 21); and protocol 5 -- i.v. verapamil, prereperfusion (n = 18). Each regimen was evaluated with respect to the incidence of reperfusion ventricular fibrillation in dogs that survived to reperfusion, and the results were compared to 77 control dogs that underwent identical coronary artery occlusion and release procedures without drug therapy. The incidence of reperfusion ventricular fibrillation was as follows: protocol 1 -- seven of 15 dogs (47%); protocol 2 -- six of 18 (33%); protocol 3 -- 11 of 16 dogs (69%); protocol 4 -- eight of 17 dogs (47%); and protocol 5 -- 10 of 17 dogs (59%), compared with 36 of 60 (60%) in control dogs. Using chi-square analysis, protocol 2 was beneficial (p antecedent coronary artery ligation periods, and predictive risk indexes for the occurrence of reperfusion ventricular fibrillation were developed. the Mantel-Haenszel method of statistical analysis revealed that none of these protocols resulted in a statistically significant reduction in the incidence of reperfusion ventricular fibrillation. Thus, use of these predictive indexes plus appropriate statistical methods has revealed, unexpectedly, limitations in the efficacy of a spectrum of antiarrhythmic agents in preventing reperfusion ventricular fibrillation.

Intraoperative Hemodynamic and Echocardiographic Measurements Associated With Severe Right Ventricular Failure After Left Ventricular Assist Device Implantation.

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Gudejko, Michael D; Gebhardt, Brian R; Zahedi, Farhad; Jain, Ankit; Breeze, Janis L; Lawrence, Matthew R; Shernan, Stanton K; Kapur, Navin K; Kiernan, Michael S; Couper, Greg; Cobey, Frederick C

2018-06-05

Severe right ventricular failure (RVF) after left ventricular assist device (LVAD) implantation increases morbidity and mortality. We investigated the association between intraoperative right heart hemodynamic data, echocardiographic parameters, and severe versus nonsevere RVF. A review of LVAD patients between March 2013 and March 2016 was performed. Severe RVF was defined by the need for a right ventricular mechanical support device, inotropic, and/or inhaled pulmonary vasodilator requirements for >14 days. From a chart review, the right ventricular failure risk score was calculated and right heart hemodynamic data were collected. Pulmonary artery pulsatility index (PAPi) [(pulmonary artery systolic pressure - pulmonary artery diastolic pressure)/central venous pressure (CVP)] was calculated for 2 periods: (1) 30 minutes before cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and (2) after chest closure. Echocardiographic data were recorded pre-CPB and post-CPB by a blinded reviewer. Univariate logistic regression models were used to examine the performance of hemodynamic and echocardiographic metrics. A total of 110 LVAD patients were identified. Twenty-five did not meet criteria for RVF. Of the remaining 85 patients, 28 (33%) met criteria for severe RVF. Hemodynamic factors associated with severe RVF included: higher CVP values after chest closure (18 ± 9 vs 13 ± 5 mm Hg; P = .0008) in addition to lower PAPi pre-CPB (1.2 ± 0.6 vs 1.7 ± 1.0; P = .04) and after chest closure (0.9 ± 0.5 vs 1.5 ± 0.8; P = .0008). Post-CPB echocardiographic findings associated with severe RVF included: larger right atrial diameter major axis (5.4 ± 0.9 vs 4.9 ± 1.0 cm; P = .03), larger right ventricle end-systolic area (22.6 ± 8.4 vs 18.5 ± 7.9 cm; P = .03), lower fractional area of change (20.2 ± 10.8 vs 25.9 ± 12.6; P = .04), and lower tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (0.9 ± 0.2 vs 1.1 ± 0.3 cm; P = .008). Right ventricular failure risk score was not a significant predictor of

Clinical application of a right ventricular pressure-volume loop determined by gated blood-pool imaging and simultaneously measured right ventricular pressure

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Yasue, Takao; Watanabe, Sachiro; Sugishita, Nobuyoshi; Tanaka, Tsutomu; Yokoyama, Hideo

1983-01-01

The data obtained by ECG-gated radionuclide angiography were collected simultaneously with right ventricular pressure and thermal cardiac output (CO) obtained by a Swan-Ganz catheter in Scintipac 1200 (Shimazu Co) in order to create a right ventricular pressure-volume (RV P-V) loop. Subjects consisted of 15 patients with old myocardial infarction (MI group), seven with angina pectoris (AP group), six with congestive cardiomyopathy (CCM group) and five with neurocirculatory asthenia (NCA group). Right ventricular end-diastolic volume (RVEDV) was calculated as RVEDV = CO/(EF x HR) (CO = cardiac output; HR = heart rate). Systolic work (W sub(S)), diastolic work (W sub(D)) and net work (W sub(N)) were calculated from a RV P-V loop by Simpson's method. The measurements were performed before and 5 min after sublingual administration of nitroglycerin (NG) (0.3 mg). The results were as follows: 1. RV P-V loops shifted towards the left lower part of the P-V plane after sublingual administration of nitroglycerin, indicating the reduction of pressure and volume of the right ventricle. 2. Right ventricular ejection fraction (RVEF) in the MI, AP and CCM groups showed smaller values than that of the NCA group. 3. Right ventricular end-diastolic volume index (RVEDVI) showed a converse relation with RVEF. 4. Cardiac index in all groups decreased after NG and a statistical significance was seen in the MI, AP and NCA groups (p<0.05). 5. RV W sub(S), RV W sub(D) and RV W sub(N) showed no difference among each groups in the control state, and significantly decreased after NG. We conclude that the present method using RV P-V loop might be useful as a noninvasive bedside monitoring and permits the evaluation of RV function in a clinical setting

Ruptura aneurismática intraoperatória junto ao colo: sugestão de manuseio cirúrgico

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Andrade Guilherme Cabral de

2002-01-01

Full Text Available A ruptura aneurismática intraoperatória de um aneurisma intracraniano pode comprometer dramaticamente um procedimento neurocirúrgico delicado, diminuindo as chances de uma evolução favorável do paciente. A ruptura ordinariamente se dá junto ao domus do aneurisma, causando icto.Com menor frequência, a ruptura pode se processar junto ao colo, em um ponto entre o vaso principal e o saco aneurismático. Isso causa um grande problema ao neurocirurgião; a colocação de um clipe de aneurisma neste local só irá aumentar a hemorragia. Nossa sugestão técnica resume-se à clipagem do aneurisma sobre um pequeno fragmento de músculo temporal colocado no local da ruptura. É bastante simples mas bastante útil, devendo ser lembrada no momento da ruptura. Não encontramos descrição semelhante nos principais livros e artigos que se referem à ruptura aneurismática durante a cirurgia.

Regional ejection fraction: a quantitative radionuclide index of regional left ventricular performance

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Maddox, D.E.; Wynne, J.; Uren, R.; Parker, J.A.; Idoine, J.; Siegel, L.C.; Neill, J.M.; Cohn, P.F.; Holman, B.L.

1979-01-01

Left ventricular regional ejection fractions were derived from background-corrected, time-activity curves in 43 patients assessed by both gated equilibrium radionuclide angiocardiography and left ventricular contrast angiography. From a single, modified left anterior oblique projection, the regional change in background corrected counts was determined in each of three anatomic regions. The normal range for regional radionuclide ejection fraction was determined in 10 patients with normal contrast ventriculograms and without obstructive coronary artery disease at coronary arteriography. Regional ejection fraction was compared with percent segmental axis shortening and extent of akinetic segments in corresponding regions of the contrast ventriculogram. Radionuclide and roentgenographic methods were in agreement as to the presence or absence of abnormal wall motion in 83 of 99 left ventricular regions (84%) in 33 patients evaluated prospectively. Comparison of regional ejection fraction demonstrated significant differences between regions with roentgenographically determined normokinesis hypokinesis, and akinesis. We conclude that the left ventricular regional ejection fraction provides a reliable quantitative assessment of regional left ventricular performance

New strict left bundle branch block criteria reflect left ventricular activation differences

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Emerek, Kasper Janus Grønn; Risum, Niels; Hjortshøj, Søren Pihlkjær

2015-01-01

AIMS: Pacing lead electrical delays and strict left bundle branch block (LBBB) criteria were assessed against cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) outcome. METHODS: Forty-nine patients with LBBB and QRS duration >130 milliseconds underwent CRT-implantation. Sensed right ventricular to left ven....... CONCLUSION: Interventricular electrical delay predicts left ventricular remodeling after CRT and new, strict ECG criteria of LBBB are superior in predicting remodeling.......AIMS: Pacing lead electrical delays and strict left bundle branch block (LBBB) criteria were assessed against cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) outcome. METHODS: Forty-nine patients with LBBB and QRS duration >130 milliseconds underwent CRT-implantation. Sensed right ventricular to left...... ventricular electrical delay (RV-LV-IED) was measured. Response to CRT was defined as ≥15% decrease in left ventricular end-systolic volume. RESULTS: Eighteen of 20 (90%) patients with non-ischemic dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) and 18 of 29 (62%) with ischemic heart disease (IHD) responded to CRT, p

Management of Arrhythmias in Athletes: Atrial Fibrillation, Premature Ventricular Contractions, and Ventricular Tachycardia.

Science.gov (United States)

Lai, Ernest; Chung, Eugene H

2017-10-09

Management of atrial fibrillation, premature ventricular contractions, and ventricular tachycardia without underlying cardiac disease or arrhythmogenic conditions differs in athletes from the general population. Athletes tend to be younger, healthier individuals with few comorbidities. Therapies that work well in the general population may not be appropriate or preferable for athletes. Management strategies include deconditioning, pharmacologic therapy, such as rate control with β-blockers or non-dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers and rhythm control with class I or class III antiarrhythmic drugs, and catheter ablation. Deconditioning is not preferred by athletes because of lost playing time. Pharmacologic therapy is well tolerated among most individuals, but is not as favorable in athletes. Rate control medications can reduce performance and β-blockers, in particular, are prohibited in many sports. Antiarrhythmic drugs are preferred over rate control with athletes, but many, especially younger athletes, may not like the idea of long-term medical therapy. Catheter ablation has been proven to be safe and efficacious, may eliminate the need for long-term medical therapy, and is supported by the major societies (AHA, ACC, ESC).

Applications of magnetic resonance imaging in the assessment of left ventricular dysfunction

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Beacock, David John

2002-07-01

This thesis has described the use of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) in the investigation of left ventricular dimensions and systolic function. This has been performed in conditions of left ventricular dysfunction, in congestive cardiac failure and following anterior myocardial infarction. The reproducibility of measurements of left ventricular dimensions using MRI has been presented. Such measurements were shown to be reproducible between different MRI studies of normal volunteers and patients with congestive heart failure. Furthermore, measurements from different MRI studies obtained from two commercially different systems were reproducible for the same subject groups. Ventricular dimensions and systolic function was evaluated in adult normal volunteers of different ages. Although left ventricular volumes and mass remained unchanged, detailed studies of the systolic images revealed significant differences between the two age groups. Differences in left ventricular cavity volumes and mass between patients with congestive heart failure and age-matched normal volunteers were also investigated. Left ventricular volumes and myocardial mass were assessed in a group of patients following anterior myocardial infarction. End-systolic volume was significantly increased compared to age-matched volunteers, but no changes in end-diastolic volume or myocardial mass was observed. Serial re-evaluation of these patients revealed no other changes over the subsequent six months. All these patients were treated with optimal medical therapy (thrombolysis, aspirin, beta-blockade and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition). Thus, the use of this therapy may attenuate the process of left ventricular remodelling. Regional wall thickness was measured in the post-infarct patients. Wall thickening was significantly reduced both in the infarcted regions and in myocardium remote to the infarction. In contrast to previous echocardiographic studies, no 'hypercontractility' was

Clinical value of regression of electrocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy after aortic valve replacement.

Science.gov (United States)

Yamabe, Sayuri; Dohi, Yoshihiro; Higashi, Akifumi; Kinoshita, Hiroki; Sada, Yoshiharu; Hidaka, Takayuki; Kurisu, Satoshi; Shiode, Nobuo; Kihara, Yasuki

2016-09-01

Electrocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy (ECG-LVH) gradually regressed after aortic valve replacement (AVR) in patients with severe aortic stenosis. Sokolow-Lyon voltage (SV1 + RV5/6) is possibly the most widely used criterion for ECG-LVH. The aim of this study was to determine whether decrease in Sokolow-Lyon voltage reflects left ventricular reverse remodeling detected by echocardiography after AVR. Of 129 consecutive patients who underwent AVR for severe aortic stenosis, 38 patients with preoperative ECG-LVH, defined by SV1 + RV5/6 of ≥3.5 mV, were enrolled in this study. Electrocardiography and echocardiography were performed preoperatively and 1 year postoperatively. The patients were divided into ECG-LVH regression group (n = 19) and non-regression group (n = 19) according to the median value of the absolute regression in SV1 + RV5/6. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to assess determinants of ECG-LVH regression among echocardiographic indices. ECG-LVH regression group showed significantly greater decrease in left ventricular mass index and left ventricular dimensions than Non-regression group. ECG-LVH regression was independently determined by decrease in the left ventricular mass index [odds ratio (OR) 1.28, 95 % confidence interval (CI) 1.03-1.69, p = 0.048], left ventricular end-diastolic dimension (OR 1.18, 95 % CI 1.03-1.41, p = 0.014), and left ventricular end-systolic dimension (OR 1.24, 95 % CI 1.06-1.52, p = 0.0047). ECG-LVH regression could be a marker of the effect of AVR on both reducing the left ventricular mass index and left ventricular dimensions. The effect of AVR on reverse remodeling can be estimated, at least in part, by regression of ECG-LVH.

Stunning and Right Ventricular Dysfunction Is Induced by Coronary Balloon Occlusion and Rapid Pacing in Humans: Insights From Right Ventricular Conductance Catheter Studies.

Science.gov (United States)

Axell, Richard G; Giblett, Joel P; White, Paul A; Klein, Andrew; Hampton-Til, James; O'Sullivan, Michael; Braganza, Denise; Davies, William R; West, Nick E J; Densem, Cameron G; Hoole, Stephen P

2017-06-06

We sought to determine whether right ventricular stunning could be detected after supply (during coronary balloon occlusion [BO]) and supply/demand ischemia (induced by rapid pacing [RP] during transcatheter aortic valve replacement) in humans. Ten subjects with single-vessel right coronary artery disease undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention with normal ventricular function were studied in the BO group. Ten subjects undergoing transfemoral transcatheter aortic valve replacement were studied in the RP group. In both, a conductance catheter was placed into the right ventricle, and pressure volume loops were recorded at baseline and for intervals over 15 minutes after a low-pressure BO for 1 minute or a cumulative duration of RP for up to 1 minute. Ischemia-induced diastolic dysfunction was seen 1 minute after RP (end-diastolic pressure [mm Hg]: 8.1±4.2 versus 12.1±4.1, P right coronary artery balloon occlusion both cause ischemic right ventricular dysfunction with stunning observed later during the procedure. This may have intraoperative implications in patients without right ventricular functional reserve. © 2017 The Authors. Published on behalf of the American Heart Association, Inc., by Wiley.

CT and MRI findings of 4th ventricular tumors

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kim, Taek Geun; Ro, Hee Jeong; Byun, Jae Young; Lee, Han Jin; Chung, Myung Hee; Choi, Kyu Ho; Shinn, Kyung Sub

1994-01-01

The purpose of our study is to evaluate characteristic features of 4th ventricular tumors in CT and MRI. Pathologically proved 9 patients with 4th ventricular tumor were examined by CT and/or MRI. 4th ventricular tumors were ependymoma(4 cases), medulloblastoma(2 case), choroid plexus papilloma(2 cases), and oligodendroglioma(1 cases). Include in our study were only those mass lesions that were located at surgery predominantly within 4th ventricle with or without ventricular expansion. The origin of 4th ventricular tumor was the roof (ependymoma 3 cases, medulloblastoma 2 cases), the floor (ependymoma 1 cases), and the undetermined(remaining 3 case). On MRI, all tumors were hypointense except ependymoma (3 cases) showing isointensity on T1WI. All tumors were hypointense on PDWI and T2WI. On Gd-DTPA enhanced T1WI, strong enhancement was seen in all but ependymoma(1 cases) which showed mild enhancement. On CT, as compared with MR images, various density on precontrast and postcontrast images were seen. Calcification was seen in choroid plexus papilloma(1 caes) and oligodendroglioma(1 cases). Hydrocephalus is seen in all cases except ependymoma(2 cases) and oligodendroglioma(1 case). Hemorrhage within tumor was present only in ependymoma(2 cases). Cystic change or necrosis of tumor was seen in ependymoma(3 cases), choroid plexus papilloma(1 case), and oligodendroglioma(1 case). Peritumoral edema was seen in medulloblastoma(1 case). Extension through the foramen Luschka and the Megendie was seen in ependymoma (2 cases), choroid plexus(2 cases), and medulloblastoma (1 case). Seeing along the CSF pathway was seen only in ependymoma(2 case). The results od our study may suggest that specific diagnosis of 4th ventricular tumor can be suggested preoperatively by analysing the origin in 4th ventricle, difference of CT density or MRI signal intensity, presence of extension or seeding through cerebrospinal fluid of the lesion

Repaired tetralogy of Fallot with coexisting unrepaired partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection is associated with diminished right ventricular ejection fraction and more severe right ventricular dilation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Chan, Sherwin S.; Whitehead, Kevin K.; Kim, Timothy S.; Fu, Gregory L.; Fogel, Mark A.; Harris, Matthew A.; Keller, Marc S.

2015-01-01

There is an established association between tetralogy of Fallot and partial anomalous pulmonary venous connections. This association is important because surgically repaired tetralogy patients have increased risk of right heart failure. We hypothesize that partial anomalous venous connections increase right ventricular volumes and worsen right ventricular failure. We reviewed cardiac MRI exams performed at a tertiary pediatric hospital from January 2005 to January 2014. We identified patients with repaired tetralogy and unrepaired partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection. We used age- and gender-matched repaired tetralogy patients without partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection as controls. We analyzed the MRI results and surgical course and performed comparative statistics to identify group differences. There were eight patients with repaired tetralogy and unrepaired partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection and 16 controls. In all cases, the partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection was not detected on preoperative echocardiography. There were no significant differences in surgical course and body surface area between the two groups. Repaired tetralogy patients with unrepaired partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection showed significantly higher indexed right ventricular end diastolic volume (149 ± 33 mL/m 2 vs. 118 ± 30 mL/m 2 ), right ventricle to left ventricle size ratios (3.1 ± 1.3 vs. 1.9 ± 0.5) and a higher incidence of reduced right ventricular ejection fraction compared to controls (3/8 vs. 0/16). Repaired tetralogy of Fallot with unrepaired partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection is associated with reduced right ventricular ejection fraction and more significant right ventricular dilation. (orig.)

Repaired tetralogy of Fallot with coexisting unrepaired partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection is associated with diminished right ventricular ejection fraction and more severe right ventricular dilation

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Chan, Sherwin S. [Children' s Mercy Hospital and Clinics, Department of Radiology, Kansas City, MO (United States); Whitehead, Kevin K.; Kim, Timothy S.; Fu, Gregory L.; Fogel, Mark A.; Harris, Matthew A. [Children' s Hospital of Philadelphia, Department of Cardiology, Philadelphia, PA (United States); Keller, Marc S. [Children' s Hospital of Philadelphia, Department of Radiology, Philadelphia, PA (United States)

2015-09-15

There is an established association between tetralogy of Fallot and partial anomalous pulmonary venous connections. This association is important because surgically repaired tetralogy patients have increased risk of right heart failure. We hypothesize that partial anomalous venous connections increase right ventricular volumes and worsen right ventricular failure. We reviewed cardiac MRI exams performed at a tertiary pediatric hospital from January 2005 to January 2014. We identified patients with repaired tetralogy and unrepaired partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection. We used age- and gender-matched repaired tetralogy patients without partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection as controls. We analyzed the MRI results and surgical course and performed comparative statistics to identify group differences. There were eight patients with repaired tetralogy and unrepaired partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection and 16 controls. In all cases, the partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection was not detected on preoperative echocardiography. There were no significant differences in surgical course and body surface area between the two groups. Repaired tetralogy patients with unrepaired partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection showed significantly higher indexed right ventricular end diastolic volume (149 ± 33 mL/m{sup 2} vs. 118 ± 30 mL/m{sup 2}), right ventricle to left ventricle size ratios (3.1 ± 1.3 vs. 1.9 ± 0.5) and a higher incidence of reduced right ventricular ejection fraction compared to controls (3/8 vs. 0/16). Repaired tetralogy of Fallot with unrepaired partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection is associated with reduced right ventricular ejection fraction and more significant right ventricular dilation. (orig.)

Continuous monitoring of left ventricular function by VEST

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ohtake, Tohru; Watanabe, Toshiaki; Kosaka, Noboru

1988-01-01

Using an ambulatory ventricular function monitor (VEST), left ventricular function (LVF) was examined in one healthy volunteer, 3 with ischemic heart disease, and one with dilated myocardiopathy (DMCP) under various conditions, such as treadmill exercise, standing, and sitting. It was also examined when two DCMP patients with associated left ventricular failure were given a nitrite (ISDM) and cardiotonic agent (E 1020). End-diastolic volume (EDV) decreased in the standing position, and increased in exercise, suggesting the involvement of venous blood pool in the legs. Ejection fraction (EF) decreased in the case of widespread ischemia during exercise. Drug tolerance test revealed decrease in EDV and end-systolic volume (ESV), no change in stroke volume (SV), and slight increase in EF on ISDM; and decrease in EDV and ESV, increase in SV, and marked increase in EF on E 1020. For EF, the VEST data were relatively well correlated with gamma camera data. (Namekawa, K.)

Value of the radiological study of the thorax for diagnosing left ventricular dysfunction in Chagas' disease

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Perez Amanda Arantes

2003-01-01

Full Text Available OBJECTIVE: To determine the value of the radiological study of the thorax for diagnosing left ventricular dilation and left ventricular systolic dysfunction in patients with Chagas' disease. METHODS: A cross-sectional study of 166 consecutive patients with Chagas' disease and no other associated diseases. The patients underwent cardiac assessment with chest radiography and Doppler echocardiography. Sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of chest radiography were calculated to detect left ventricular dysfunction and the accuracy of the cardiothoracic ratio in the diagnosis of left ventricular dysfunction with the area below the ROC curve. The cardiothoracic ratio was correlated with the left ventricular ejection fraction and the left ventricular diastolic diameter. RESULTS: The abnormal chest radiogram had a sensitivity of 50%, specificity of 80.5%, and positive and negative predictive values of 51.2% and 79.8%, respectively, in the diagnosis of left ventricular dysfunction. The cardiothoracic ratio showed a weak correlation with left ventricular ejection fraction (r=-0.23 and left ventricular diastolic diameter (r=0.30. The area calculated under the ROC curve was 0.734. CONCLUSION: The radiological study of the thorax is not an accurate indicator of left ventricular dysfunction; its use as a screening method to initially approach the patient with Chagas' disease should be reevaluated.

Signal analysis of ventricular fibrillation

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Herbschleb, J.N.; Heethaar, R.M.; Tweel, L.H. van der; Zimmerman, A.N.E.; Meijler, F.L.

Signal analysis of electro(cardio)grams during ventricular fibrillation (VF) in dogs and human patients indicates more organization and regularity than the official WHO definition suggests. The majority of the signal is characterized by a power spectrum with narrow, equidistant peaks. In a further

Diabetes Mellitus Associates with Increased Right Ventricular Afterload and Remodeling in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension.

Science.gov (United States)

Whitaker, Morgan E; Nair, Vineet; Sinari, Shripad; Dherange, Parinita A; Natarajan, Balaji; Trutter, Lindsey; Brittain, Evan L; Hemnes, Anna R; Austin, Eric D; Patel, Kumar; Black, Stephen M; Garcia, Joe G N; Yuan Md PhD, Jason X; Vanderpool, Rebecca R; Rischard, Franz; Makino, Ayako; Bedrick, Edward J; Desai, Ankit A

2018-06-01

Diabetes mellitus is associated with left ventricular hypertrophy and dysfunction. Parallel studies have also reported associations between diabetes mellitus and right ventricular dysfunction and reduced survival in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension. However, the impact of diabetes mellitus on the pulmonary vasculature has not been well characterized. We hypothesized that diabetes mellitus and hyperglycemia could specifically influence right ventricular afterload and remodeling in patients with Group I pulmonary arterial hypertension, providing a link to their known susceptibility to right ventricular dysfunction. Using an adjusted model for age, sex, pulmonary vascular resistance, and medication use, associations of fasting blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin, and the presence of diabetes mellitus were evaluated with markers of disease severity in 162 patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension. A surrogate measure of increased pulmonary artery stiffness, elevated pulmonary arterial elastance (P = .012), along with reduced log(pulmonary artery capacitance) (P = .006) were significantly associated with the presence of diabetes mellitus in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension in a fully adjusted model. Similar associations between pulmonary arterial elastance and capacitance were noted with both fasting blood glucose and glycated hemoglobin. Furthermore, right ventricular wall thickness on echocardiography was greater in pulmonary arterial hypertension patients with diabetes, supporting the link between right ventricular remodeling and diabetes. Cumulatively, these data demonstrate that an increase in right ventricular afterload, beyond pulmonary vascular resistance alone, may influence right ventricular remodeling and provide a mechanistic link between the susceptibility to right ventricular dysfunction in patients with both diabetes mellitus and pulmonary arterial hypertension. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

A novel implantable electromechanical ventricular assist device - First acute animal testing

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Kaufmann, R; Rakhorst, G; Mihaylov, D; Elstrodt, J; Nix, C; Reul, H; Rau, G

1997-01-01

A novel ventricular assist device (HIA-EMLVAD-AT1, Helmholtz Institute Aachen-electromechanical Left Ventricular Assist Device-Animal Test Version 1), driven by a uniformly and unidirectionally rotating actuator and a patented hypocycloidic pusherplate displacement gear unit, was developed and

Computational model based approach to analysis ventricular arrhythmias: Effects of dysfunction calcium channels

Science.gov (United States)

Gulothungan, G.; Malathi, R.

2018-04-01

Disturbed sodium (Na+) and calcium (Ca2+) handling is known to be a major predisposing factor for life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias. Cardiac contractility in ventricular tissue is prominent by Ca2+ channels like voltage dependent Ca2+ channels, sodium-calcium exchanger (Na+-Ca2+x) and sacroplasmicrecticulum (SR) Ca2+ pump and leakage channels. Experimental and clinical possibilities for studying cardiac arrhythmias in human ventricular myocardium are very limited. Therefore, the use of alternative methods such as computer simulations is of great importance. Our aim of this article is to study the impact on action potential (AP) generation and propagation in single ventricular myocyte and ventricular tissue under different dysfunction Ca2+ channels condition. In enhanced activity of Na+-Ca2+x, single myocyte produces AP duration (APD90) and APD50 is significantly smaller (266 ms and 235 ms). Its Na+-Ca2+x current at depolarization is increases 60% from its normal level and repolarization current goes more negative (nonfailing= -0.28 pA/pF and failing= -0.47 pA/pF). Similarly, same enhanced activity of Na+-Ca2+x in 10 mm region of ventricular sheet, raises the plateau potential abruptly, which ultimately affects the diastolic repolarization. Compare with normal ventricular sheet region of 10 mm, 10% of ventricular sheet resting state is reduces and ventricular sheet at time 250 ms is goes to resting state very early. In hypertrophy condition, single myocyte produces APD90 and APD50 is worthy of attention smaller (232 mS and 198 ms). Its sodium-potassium (Na+-K+) pump current is 75% reduces from its control conditions (0.13 pA/pF). Hypertrophy condition, 50% of ventricular sheet is reduces to minimum plateau potential state, that starts the repolarization process very early and reduces the APD. In a single failing SR Ca2+ channels myocyte, recovery of Ca2+ concentration level in SR reduces upto 15% from its control myocytes. At time 290 ms, 70% of ventricular sheet

Synchronous intra-myocardial ventricular pacing without crossing the tricuspid valve or entering the coronary sinus

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Konecny, Tomas; DeSimone, Christopher V.; Friedman, Paul A.; Bruce, Charles [Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (United States); Asirvatham, Samuel J., E-mail: asirvatham.samuel@mayo.edu [Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (United States); Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Pediatric Cardiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (United States)

2013-05-15

Ventricular pacing is most commonly performed at the right ventricular (RV) apex. This is not without risk as placement requires crossing the tricuspid valve (TV) and may cause valvular dysfunction and dyssynchronous activation of the ventricles. The fact that the tricuspid valve lies more apically than the mitral valve allows for the possibility of pacing the ventricles from the right atrium (RA) via the “atrio-ventricular septum” without crossing the TV or entering the coronary sinus (CS). In order to mitigate far field activation inherent to current pacing technology, we constructed a novel lead in which the cathode and anode are both intra-myocardial. We demonstrate safety and efficacy of this novel lead for ventricular pacing at the atrio-ventricular septum in canines, including improved synchronous activation of both ventricles, improved differentiation in ventricular versus atrial sensing, while providing reliable ventricular capture, opening novel and a potentially safer alternative to human cardiac resynchronization therapy.

Left ventricular heart failure and pulmonary hypertension†

Science.gov (United States)

Rosenkranz, Stephan; Gibbs, J. Simon R.; Wachter, Rolf; De Marco, Teresa; Vonk-Noordegraaf, Anton; Vachiéry, Jean-Luc

2016-01-01

Abstract In patients with left ventricular heart failure (HF), the development of pulmonary hypertension (PH) and right ventricular (RV) dysfunction are frequent and have important impact on disease progression, morbidity, and mortality, and therefore warrant clinical attention. Pulmonary hypertension related to left heart disease (LHD) by far represents the most common form of PH, accounting for 65–80% of cases. The proper distinction between pulmonary arterial hypertension and PH-LHD may be challenging, yet it has direct therapeutic consequences. Despite recent advances in the pathophysiological understanding and clinical assessment, and adjustments in the haemodynamic definitions and classification of PH-LHD, the haemodynamic interrelations in combined post- and pre-capillary PH are complex, definitions and prognostic significance of haemodynamic variables characterizing the degree of pre-capillary PH in LHD remain suboptimal, and there are currently no evidence-based recommendations for the management of PH-LHD. Here, we highlight the prevalence and significance of PH and RV dysfunction in patients with both HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), and provide insights into the complex pathophysiology of cardiopulmonary interaction in LHD, which may lead to the evolution from a ‘left ventricular phenotype’ to a ‘right ventricular phenotype’ across the natural history of HF. Furthermore, we propose to better define the individual phenotype of PH by integrating the clinical context, non-invasive assessment, and invasive haemodynamic variables in a structured diagnostic work-up. Finally, we challenge current definitions and diagnostic short falls, and discuss gaps in evidence, therapeutic options and the necessity for future developments in this context. PMID:26508169

Calculation of cardiac pressures using left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) derived from radionuclide angiography

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hommer, E.

1981-01-01

An attempt has been made to develop formulas to determine cardiac pressures in an undisturbed flow in patients without valvular or shunt diseases. These are based entirely on the results of left ventricular ejection fraction rates, permitting pressure analysis of several compartments at the same tine. According to BORER et al. they also enable determination of left ventricular 'Functional Reserve' after bycycle exercise as well as left ventricular 'Relaxation Reserve'. They support the views of NYHA in determining the grades of cardiac insufficiency proving the system- and low-pressure participation. A single formula for pulmonary flow can determine the pulmonary arterial pressure. The left ventricular enddiastolic pressure can also be exclusively calculated by values of left ventricular functions, thus both formulas may be used in disorders of the mitral valves. The possibility to calculate pressures of all the compartments of the heart from left ventricular ejection rate shows, that in undisturbed flow global heart function depends on left ventricular function. Therefore the mutual dependence of these formulas presents an intercompartimental pressure regulation of the heart through pulmonary flow and pulmonary vascular pressure, which leaves an aspect of autonomous cardiac regulation open to discussion. (orig.) [de

Diclofenac prolongs repolarization in ventricular muscle with impaired repolarization reserve.

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Attila Kristóf

Full Text Available BACKGROUND: The aim of the present work was to characterize the electrophysiological effects of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug diclofenac and to study the possible proarrhythmic potency of the drug in ventricular muscle. METHODS: Ion currents were recorded using voltage clamp technique in canine single ventricular cells and action potentials were obtained from canine ventricular preparations using microelectrodes. The proarrhythmic potency of the drug was investigated in an anaesthetized rabbit proarrhythmia model. RESULTS: Action potentials were slightly lengthened in ventricular muscle but were shortened in Purkinje fibers by diclofenac (20 µM. The maximum upstroke velocity was decreased in both preparations. Larger repolarization prolongation was observed when repolarization reserve was impaired by previous BaCl(2 application. Diclofenac (3 mg/kg did not prolong while dofetilide (25 µg/kg significantly lengthened the QT(c interval in anaesthetized rabbits. The addition of diclofenac following reduction of repolarization reserve by dofetilide further prolonged QT(c. Diclofenac alone did not induce Torsades de Pointes ventricular tachycardia (TdP while TdP incidence following dofetilide was 20%. However, the combination of diclofenac and dofetilide significantly increased TdP incidence (62%. In single ventricular cells diclofenac (30 µM decreased the amplitude of rapid (I(Kr and slow (I(Ks delayed rectifier currents thereby attenuating repolarization reserve. L-type calcium current (I(Ca was slightly diminished, but the transient outward (I(to and inward rectifier (I(K1 potassium currents were not influenced. CONCLUSIONS: Diclofenac at therapeutic concentrations and even at high dose does not prolong repolarization markedly and does not increase the risk of arrhythmia in normal heart. However, high dose diclofenac treatment may lengthen repolarization and enhance proarrhythmic risk in hearts with reduced repolarization reserve.

Reversible left ventricular dysfunction - important clinical problem of contemporary cardiology

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Witkowski, A.

1994-01-01

An important clinical issue there is determination whether left ventricular damages are reversible or not single photon emission computed tomography and positron computed tomography techniques are shown to provide valuable data in this problem. Article describes basic syndromes connected with left ventricular dysfunction, namely: hibernating myocardium, stunned myocardium and ischemic myocardium preconditioning. (author). 18 refs

Subclinical changes in MRI-determined right ventricular volumes and function in subjects with prediabetes and diabetes.

Science.gov (United States)

Patscheider, Hannah; Lorbeer, Roberto; Auweter, Sigrid; Schafnitzel, Anina; Bayerl, Christian; Curta, Adrian; Rathmann, Wolfgang; Heier, Margit; Meisinger, Christa; Peters, Annette; Bamberg, Fabian; Hetterich, Holger

2018-07-01

The aim of this study was to assess subclinical changes in right ventricular volumes and function in subjects with prediabetes and diabetes and controls without a history of cardiovascular disease. Data from 400 participants in the KORA FF4 study without self-reported cardiovascular disease who underwent 3-T whole-body MRI were obtained. The right ventricle was evaluated using the short axis and a four-chamber view. Diabetes was defined according to WHO criteria. Associations between glucose tolerance and right ventricular parameters were assessed using multivariable adjusted linear regression models. Data from 337 participants were available for analysis. Of these, 43 (13%) had diabetes, 87 (26%) had prediabetes, and 207 (61%) were normoglycaemic controls. There was a stepwise decrease in right ventricular volumes in men with prediabetes and diabetes in comparison with controls, including right ventricular end-diastolic volume (β = -20.4 and β = -25.6, respectively; p ≤ 0.005), right ventricular end-systolic volume (β = -12.3 and β = -12.7, respectively; p ≤ 0.037) and right ventricular stroke volume (β = -8.1 and β = -13.1, respectively, p ≤ 0.016). We did not observe any association between prediabetes or diabetes and right ventricular volumes in women or between prediabetes or diabetes and right ventricular ejection fraction in men and women. This study points towards early subclinical changes in right ventricular volumes in men with diabetes and prediabetes. • MRI was used to detect subclinical changes in right ventricular parameters. • Diabetes mellitus is associated with right ventricular dysfunction. • Impairment of right ventricular volumes seems to occur predominantly in men.

Assessment of right ventricular afterload in mitral valve diseases with radionuclide angiography

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Shimizu, Mitsuharu; Nakagawa, Tomio; Kohno, Yoshihiro; Kuroda, Masahiro; Takeda, Yoshihiro; Hiraki, Yoshio; Nagaya, Isao; Senoh, Yoshimasa; Teramoto, Shigeru

1991-01-01

Right ventricular function at rest and during exercise was studied in 33 patients with mitral valve disease by equilibrium gated radionuclide angiography using 99m Tc in vivo labeled red blood cells. Radionuclide measurements of right ventricular ejection fraction (RVEF) were correlated with mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP). RVEF decreased significantly with exercise. There was no significant correlation between RVEF at rest and mPAP. However, mPAP showed significant negative correlation with RVEF during exercise and with the changes of RVEF from rest to exercise. It is concluded that RVEF during exercise in mitral valve disease is affected by right ventricular afterload, and the measurements of RVEF at rest and during exercise by equilibrium gated radionuclide angiography is useful to assess right ventricular afterload. (author)

His-Purkinje system-related incessant ventricular tachycardia arising from the left coronary cusp

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Eiji Sato, MD

2014-08-01

Full Text Available We describe the case of a 23-year-old woman who had His-Purkinje system-related incessant ventricular tachycardia with a narrow QRS configuration. The ventricular tachycardia was ablated successfully in the left coronary cusp where the earliest endocardial activation had been recorded. We hypothesize that a remnant of the subaortic conducting tissue was the source of the ventricular arrhythmias.

Ventricular function during the acute rejection of heterotopic transplanted heart: Gated blood pool studies

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Valette, H.; Bourguignon, M.H.; Desruennes, M.; Merlet, P.; Le Guludec, D.; Syrota, A.

1991-01-01

Twenty patients who had undergone a heterotopic heart transplant were studied prospectively to determine the relationship between rejection and ventricular dysfunction assessed from gated blood pool studies. A fully automated method for detecting ventricular edges was implemented; its success rate for the grafted left and right ventricles was 94% and 77%, respectively. The parameters, peak ejection and filling rates, were calculated pixel per pixel using a two-harmonic Fourier algorithm and then averaged over the ventricular region of interest. Peak filling and ejection rates were closely related with the severity of the rejection, while the left ventricular ejection fraction was not. Peak filling rates of both ventricles were the indices closely related to the presence of moderate rejection. Despite the low number of patients, these data suggested that gated blood pool derived indices of ventricular function are associated with ventricular dysfunction resulting from myocarditis rejection. Radionuclide ventriculography provides parametric data which are accurate and reliable for the diagnosis of rejection. (orig.)

EVALUACIÓN ECOCARDIOGRÁFICA DE LA FUNCIÓN VENTRICULAR IZQUIERDA EN CENTENARIOS / Echocardiographic assessment of left ventricular function in centenarians

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Vanessa Peña-Bofill

2013-10-01

Full Text Available Resumen Introducción: El envejecimiento poblacional es un fenómeno mundial y constituye un logro de la humanidad. Objetivo: Caracterizar ecocardiográficamente la función ventricular izquierda de pacientes ambulatorios mayores de 100 años del municipio Plaza de la Revolución, en el período de septiembre del 2009 a septiembre del 2010. Método: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal con 20 longevos, en el Departamento de Ecocardiografía del Hospital Universitario "General Calixto García", a los cuáles se les realizó ecocardiograma para evaluar la función ventricular izquierda. Resultados: La edad media fue de 102 años, predominó el sexo femenino con 15 pacientes (75 % y el 50 % tenía color de piel blanco. El factor de riesgo coronario de mayor prevalencia fue la hipertensión arterial (40 %; la diabetes mellitus tipo 2, el tabaquismo y la dislipidemia le sucedieron en orden. Los centenarios tenían conservada la función sistólica del ventrículo izquierdo (90 % con poca tendencia a la supernormalidad, una paciente presentó trastornos segmentarios de la contractilidad en cara inferior, lo que correspondía a antecedentes de infarto de miocardio. Cuatro centenarios tenían patrón de llenado normal, 11 presentaron alteración de la relajación ventricular y cinco patrones pseudonormales. Conclusiones: En los centenarios estudiados se mantiene una función sistólica del ventrículo izquierdo evaluada por ecocardiografía, dentro de parámetros normales, con signos de disfunción diastólica leve. / Abstract Introduction: Population aging is a global phenomenon and an achievement of mankind. Objective: To characterize left ventricular function by echocardiography in ambulatory patients over 100 years old in Plaza de la Revolution Municipality, between September 2009 and September 2010. Method: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out with 20 long-lived people, in the Department of Echocardiography of

10-year follow-up after radiofrequency ablation of idiopathic ventricular arrhythmias from right ventricular outflow tract

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Synne Dragesund Rørvik

2016-05-01

Conclusions: A reduction of symptoms and use of antiarrhythmic medication, as well as an improvement in the general health perception and fitness to work after RFA of idiopathic ventricular arrhythmias can be demonstrated at ten-year follow-up.

Normalised radionuclide measures of left ventricular diastolic function

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lee, K.J.; Southee, A.E.; Bautovich, G.J.; Freedman, B.; McLaughlin, A.F.; Rossleigh, M.A.; Hutton, B.F.; Morris, J.G.; Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney

1989-01-01

Abnormal left ventricular diastolic function is being increasingly recognised in patients with clinical heart failure and normal systolic function. A simple routine radionuclide measure of diastolic function would therefore be useful. To establish, the relationship of peak diastolic filling rate (normalized for either end diastolic volume, stroke volume, or peak systolic emptying rate), and heart rate, age, and left ventricular ejection fraction was studied in 64 subjects with normal cardiovascular systems using routine gated heart pool studies. The peak filling rate when normalized to end diastolic volume correlated significantly with heart rate, age and left ventricular ejection fraction, whereas normalization to stroke volume correlated significantly to heart rate and age but not to left ventricular ejection fraction. Peak filling rate normalized for peak systolic emptying rate correlated with age only. Multiple regression equations were determined for each of the normalized peak filling rates in order to establish normal ranges for each parameter. When using peak filling rate normalized for end diastolic volume or stroke volume, appropriate allowance must be made for heart rate, age and ejection fraction. Peak filling rate normalized to peak ejection rate is a heart rate independent parameter which allows the performance of the patient's ventricle in diastole to be compared with its systolic function. It may be used in patients with normal systolic function to serially follow diastolic function, or if age corrected to screen for diastolic dysfunction. (orig.)

Pneumatic distension of ventricular mural architecture validated histologically

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Burg, M.C.; Heindel, W.; Lunkenheimer, P.; Niederer, P.; Brune, C.; Redmann, K.; Smerup, M.; Spiegel, U.; Becker, F.; Maintz, D.; Cologne Univ.; Anderson, R.H.

2016-01-01

There are ongoing arguments as to how cardiomyocytes are aggregated together within the ventricular walls. We used pneumatic distension through the coronary arteries to exaggerate the gaps between the aggregated cardiomyocytes, analyzing the pattern revealed using computed tomography, and validating our findings by histology. We distended 10 porcine hearts, arresting 4 in diastole by infusion of cardioplegic solutions, and 4 in systole by injection of barium chloride. Mural architecture was revealed by computed tomography, measuring also the angulations of the long chains of cardiomyocytes. We prepared the remaining 2 hearts for histology by perfusion with formaldehyde. Increasing pressures of pneumatic distension elongated the ventricular walls, but produced insignificant changes in mural thickness. The distension exaggerated the spaces between the aggregated cardiomyocytes, compartmenting the walls into epicardial, central, and endocardial regions, with a feathered arrangement of transitions between them. Marked variation was noted in the thicknesses of the parts in the different ventricular segments, with no visible anatomical boundaries between them. Measurements of angulations revealed intruding and extruding populations of cardiomyocytes that deviated from a surface-parallel alignment. Scrolling through the stacks of tomographic images revealed marked spiraling of the aggregated cardiomyocytes when traced from base to apex. Our findings call into question the current assumption that cardiomyocytes are uniformly aggregated together in a tangential fashion. There is marked heterogeneity in the architecture of the different ventricular segments, with the aggregated units never extending in a fully transmural fashion.

Pneumatic distension of ventricular mural architecture validated histologically

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Burg, M.C.; Heindel, W. [University Hospital Muenster (Germany). Dept. of Clinical Radiology; Lunkenheimer, P. [University Hospital Muenster (Germany). Dept. of Experimental Thoraco-vascular Surgery; Niederer, P. [ETH and University of Zuerich (Switzerland). Inst. for Biomedical Engineering; Brune, C. [Twente Univ. (Netherlands). Dept. of Applied Mathematics; Redmann, K. [University Hospital Muenster (Germany). Center for Reproductive Medicine and Andrology; Smerup, M. [Aarhus University Hospital (Denmark). Dept. of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery; Spiegel, U.; Becker, F. [University Hospital Muenster (Germany). Dept. Surgical Research; Maintz, D. [University Hospital Muenster (Germany). Dept. of Clinical Radiology; Cologne Univ. (Germany). Dept. of Radiology; Anderson, R.H. [Newcastle Univ., London (United Kingdom). Inst. of Genetic Medicine

2016-11-15

There are ongoing arguments as to how cardiomyocytes are aggregated together within the ventricular walls. We used pneumatic distension through the coronary arteries to exaggerate the gaps between the aggregated cardiomyocytes, analyzing the pattern revealed using computed tomography, and validating our findings by histology. We distended 10 porcine hearts, arresting 4 in diastole by infusion of cardioplegic solutions, and 4 in systole by injection of barium chloride. Mural architecture was revealed by computed tomography, measuring also the angulations of the long chains of cardiomyocytes. We prepared the remaining 2 hearts for histology by perfusion with formaldehyde. Increasing pressures of pneumatic distension elongated the ventricular walls, but produced insignificant changes in mural thickness. The distension exaggerated the spaces between the aggregated cardiomyocytes, compartmenting the walls into epicardial, central, and endocardial regions, with a feathered arrangement of transitions between them. Marked variation was noted in the thicknesses of the parts in the different ventricular segments, with no visible anatomical boundaries between them. Measurements of angulations revealed intruding and extruding populations of cardiomyocytes that deviated from a surface-parallel alignment. Scrolling through the stacks of tomographic images revealed marked spiraling of the aggregated cardiomyocytes when traced from base to apex. Our findings call into question the current assumption that cardiomyocytes are uniformly aggregated together in a tangential fashion. There is marked heterogeneity in the architecture of the different ventricular segments, with the aggregated units never extending in a fully transmural fashion.

Relationship between obesity and left ventricular hypertrophy in children

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Johnny Rompis

2016-10-01

Full Text Available Background Obesity is a chronic metabolic disorder associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD increasing morbidity-mortality rates. It is apparent that a variety of adaptations/alterations in cardiac structure and function occurs as excessive adipose tissue accumulates. This leads to a decrease in diastolic compliance, eventually resulting in an increase in left ventricular filling pressure and left ventricular enlargement. Objective To evaluate left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH among  obese using electrocardiographic (ECG criteria. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted on 74 children aged 10-15 years from February 2009 to October 2009. The subjects were divided into obese and control groups. Physical examination and standard 12 lead electrocardiography (ECG were done in both groups. Results Of 37 obese children, LVH were featured in 3 subjects, while in control group, only 1 child had LVH (P= 0.304. We found that mean RV6 in obese and control group were 9.8446 (SD 3.5854 and 11.9662 (SD 3.2857, respectively (P=0.005. As an additional findings, we found that birth weight was related to obesity in children. Conclusion There is no relation between obesity and left ventricular using ECG criteria in obese children aged 10-15 years.

Comparison of right ventricular septal pacing and right ventricular apical pacing in patients receiving cardiac resynchronization therapy defibrillators: the SEPTAL CRT Study

Science.gov (United States)

Leclercq, Christophe; Sadoul, Nicolas; Mont, Lluis; Defaye, Pascal; Osca, Joaquim; Mouton, Elisabeth; Isnard, Richard; Habib, Gilbert; Zamorano, Jose; Derumeaux, Genevieve; Fernandez-Lozano, Ignacio; Dupuis, Jean-Marc; Rouleau, Frédéric; Tassin, Aude; Bordachar, Pierre; Clémenty, Jacques; Lafitte, Stephane; Ploux, Sylvan; Reant, Patricia; Ritter, Philippe; Defaye, Pascal; Jacon, Peggy; Mondesert, Blandine; Saunier, Carole; Vautrin, Estelle; Kacet, Salem; Guedon-Moreau, Laurence; Klug, Didier; Kouakam, Claude; Marechaux, Sylvestre; Marquie, Christelle; Polge, Anne Sophie; Richardson, Marjorie; Chevallier, Philippe; De Breyne, Brigitte; Lotek, Marcin M.; Nonin, Emilie; Pineau, Julien; Deharo, Jean-Claude; Bastard, Emilie; Franceschi, Frédéric; Habib, Gilbert; Jego, Christophe; Peyrouse, Eric; Prevot, Sebastien; Saint-Joseph, Hôpital; Bremondy, Michel; Faure, Jacques; Ferracci, Ange; Lefevre, Jean; Pisapia, Andre; Davy, Jean-Marc; Cransac, Frederic; Cung, Tien Tri; Georger, Frederic; Pasquie, Jean-Luc; Raczka, Franck; Sportouch-Dukhan, Catherine; Sadoul, Nicolas; Blangy, Hugues; Bruntz, Jean-François; Freysz, Luc; Groben, Laurent; Huttin, Olivier; Bammert, Antoine; Burban, Marc; Cebron, Jean-Pierre; Gras, Daniel; Frank, Robert; Duthoit, Guillaume; Hidden-Lucet, Françoise; Himbert, Caroline; Isnard, Richard; Lacotte, Jérôme; Pousset, Françoise; Zerah, Thierry; Leclercq, Christophe; Bellouin, Annaïk; Crocq, Christophe; Deplace, Christian; Donal, Erwan; Hamon, Cécile; Mabo, Philippe; Romain, Olivier; Solnon, Aude; Frederic, Anselme; Bauer, Fabrice; Bernard, Mathieu; Godin, Benedicte; Kurtz, Baptiste; Savoure, Arnaud; Copie, Xavier; Lascault, Gilles; Paziaud, Olivier; Piot, Olivier; Touche, Thierry; Delay, Toulouse Marc; Chilon, Talia; Detis, Nicolas; Duparc, Alexandre; Hebrard, Aurélien; Massabuau, Pierre; Maury, Philippe; Mondoly, Pierre; Rumeau, Philippe; Pasteur, Clinique; Boveda, Serge; Adrover, Laurence; Combes, Nicolas; Deplagne, Antoine; Marco-Baertich, Isabelle; Fondard, Olivier; Martínez, Juan Gabriel; Ibañez Criado, José Luis; Ortuño, Diego; Mont, Lluis; Berruezo, Antonio; Eduard, Belu; Martín, Ana; Merschon, Franco M.; Sitges, Marta; Tolosana, José María; Vidal, Bárbara; Hebron, H. Valle; i Mitjans, Angel Moya; Rodriguez, Oscar Alcalde; Rodriguez Palomares, José Fernando; Rivas, Nuria; Teixidó, Gisela; de Hierro, H. Puerta; Lozano, Ignacio Fernández; Ruiz Bautista, Maria Lorena; Castro, Victor; Cavero, Miguel Angel; Gutierrez, Carlos; Ros, Natalia; de la Victoria, H. Virgen; Alzueta Rodriguez, Francisco Javier; Cabrera, Fernando; Cordero, Alberto Barrera; Peña, José Luis; de Valme Sevilla, H.; Gonzáles, Juan Lealdel Ojo; Garcia Medina, Mª Dolores; Jiménez, Ricardo Pavón; Villagomez, David; de la Salud Toledo, H. Virgen; Castellanos Martinez, Eduardo; Alcalá, Juan; Maicas, Carolina; Arias Palomares, Miguel Angel; Puchol, Alberto; Valencia, H. La Fé; OscaAsensi, Joaquim; Carmona, Anastasio Quesada; De Carranza, Mª José Sancho-Tello; De Ros, José Olagüe; Pareja, Enrique Castro; Pérez, Oscar Cano; Saez, Ana Osa; Hortega, H. Rio; Guilarte, Benito Herreros; Muñoz San Jose, Juan Francisco; Pérez Sanz, Teresa Myriam; Logeart, Damien; Gil, Maria Lopez; Leclercq, Christophe; Lozano, Ignacio Fernandez; de Hierro, H. Puerta; Derumeaux, Genevieve

2016-01-01

Abstract Aims Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) is a recommended treatment of heart failure (HF) patients with depressed left ventricular ejection fraction and wide QRS. The optimal right ventricular (RV) lead position being a matter of debate, we sought to examine whether RV septal (RVS) pacing was not inferior to RV apical (RVA) pacing on left ventricular reverse remodelling in patients receiving a CRT-defibrillator. Methods and results Patients (n = 263, age = 63.4 ± 9.5 years) were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to RVS (n = 131) vs. RVA (n = 132) pacing. Left ventricular end-systolic volume (LVESV) reduction between baseline and 6 months was not different between the two groups (−25.3 ± 39.4 mL in RVS group vs. −29.3 ± 44.5 mL in RVA group, P = 0.79). Right ventricular septal pacing was not non-inferior (primary endpoint) to RVA pacing with regard to LVESV reduction (average difference = −4.06 mL; P = 0.006 with a −20 mL non-inferiority margin). The percentage of ‘echo-responders’ defined by LVESV reduction >15% between baseline and 6 months was similar in both groups (50%) with no difference in the time to first HF hospitalization or death (P = 0.532). Procedural or device-related serious adverse events occurred in 68 patients (RVS = 37) with no difference between the two groups (P = 0.401). Conclusion This study demonstrates that septal RV pacing in CRT is non-inferior to apical RV pacing for LV reverse remodelling at 6 months with no difference in the clinical outcome. No recommendation for optimal RV lead position can hence be drawn from this study. ClinicalTrials. gov number NCT 00833352. PMID:26374852

Hypertension and left ventricular hypertrophy in liquidators of consequences of the Chernobyl nuclear accident

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Shal'nova, S.A.; Smolenskij, A.V.; Shamarin, V.M.; Ehktova, T.V.; Berzak, N.V.; Zemtsova, N.A.; Timofeeva, S.G.; Zhavoronkova, E.A.; Muromtseva, G.A.; Arkad'eva, M.A.; Deev, A.D.

1998-01-01

Echocardiography was used for the study of prevalence of left ventricular hypertrophy in 839 liquidators of consequences of the Chernobyl accident. Prevalence of left ventricular hypertrophy (left ventricular myocardial mass 134 g/m 2 ) was 10.3, 13.4 and 22.5 % in liquidators with normal blood pressure, borderline hypertension and hypertension, respectively. Liquidators with normal blood pressure had significantly greater left ventricular myocardial mass than normotensive men from general population while liquidators and non liquidators with hypertension had equal values of this parameter [ru

[Ventricular tachyarrhythmias in patients with cardiomyopathy

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Henningsen, K.; Christensen, A.H.; Svendsen, Jesper Hastrup

2008-01-01

by disease, gender, age, previous cardiac arrest and treatment with implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD). RESULTS: 993 patients were screened and 128 patients with cardiomyopathy were identified, corresponding to 13% of the screened patients. 58 (45%) of the patients had dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM......), 57 (45%) patients had arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) and 13 (10%) had hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). The average age was 44 years for HCM, 41 years for ARVC and 58 years for DCM. The majority of the patients were male. ICD treatment was used in 95% of the patients...... with ARVC, 70% of the patients with HCM and 59% of the patients with DCM. Only 5 patients had previous cardiac arrest without reversible cause. CONCLUSION: The study shows that cardiomyopathies are relatively frequent causes of ventricular tachyarrhythmias in patients discharged from a specialised...

Effects of AV delay programming on ventricular resynchronisation: role of radionuclide ventriculography

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Siegrist, Patrick T.; Comte, Nathalie; Holzmeister, Johannes; Suetsch, Gabor; Koepfli, Pascal; Namdar, Mehdi; Duru, Firat; Brunckhorst, Corinna; Scharf, Christoph [Universitiy Hospital Zurich NUK C 32, Cardiovascular Center, Zurich (Switzerland); Kaufmann, Philipp A. [Universitiy Hospital Zurich NUK C 32, Cardiovascular Center, Zurich (Switzerland); University of Zurich, Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, Zurich (Switzerland)

2008-08-15

Optimal atrioventricular delay (AVD) setting for cardiac resynchronisation therapy, i.e. biventricular pacing in patients with heart failure, remains a formidable challenge. Thus, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of different AVD on inter- and intra-ventricular resynchronisation using phase histograms of radionuclide ventriculography (RNV). In 17 consecutive patients (mean age 64 {+-} 6 years), RNV was performed 236 {+-} 350 days after pacemaker implantation for cardiac resynchronisation therapy. Images were acquired during atrial pacing at 80 bpm and during biventricular pacing with AVD ranging from 80 to 160 ms. Inter-ventricular dyssynchrony was measured by the delay between the mean phase angles of the left and right ventricles. Intra-ventricular dyssynchrony was measured by the standard deviation (SD) of left ventricular phase histograms. Left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction (EF) was inversely correlated to LV dyssynchrony (SD of LV phase histogram, R = -0.82, p < 0.0001). However, the increase in LVEF by biventricular pacing (mean +4.4 {+-} 4%) showed only modest correlation to the resulting resynchronisation effect (characterised by a -13 {+-} 8 decrease in LV phase histogram SD, R = -0.38, p < 0.0001). RNV is helpful in optimising pacing parameters for resynchronisation therapy. Varying AVD did not have a major impact on intra- or inter-ventricular resynchronisation. Thus, the benefit of AVD-based LVEF optimisation seems to result from atrioventricular resynchronisation. (orig.)

Simultaneous determination of left ventricular perfusion and function

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gremillet, E.; Champailler, A.; Esquerre, J.P.; Ouhayoun, E.; Coca, F.; Furber, A.; Le Jeune, J.J.

1997-01-01

Myocardial perfusion scintigraphy is a very useful tool for the diagnosis and prognosis of coronary artery disease. The evaluation of left ventricular function during stress testing in also very useful to determine the prognosis of coronary artery disease. This chapter highlights three different imaging methods to assess left ventricular function and myocardial perfusion/ The first one consists of sequential dual isotope myocardial SPECT with ECG-gating. The second concerns magnetic resonance imaging and the third explores first pass exercise ventriculography and myocardial perfusion scintigraphy simultaneously evaluated by means of 99m Tc-sestamibi. (authors)

Peso dos ventrículos cardíacos determinado em necropsia de indivíduos saudáveis mortos por causas externas Cardiac ventricular weights recorded at the autopsy of healthy subjects who died of external causes

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Sérgio Lamêgo Rodrigues

2007-11-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Determinar o peso dos ventrículos cardíacos em necropsia de indivíduos sadios vítimas de morte acidental, visando determinar padrões de normalidade em nossa população. MÉTODOS: Foram examinados 94 corações no Instituto Médico Legal de Vitória. Após remoção do coração e ressecção dos átrios e gordura epicárdica, os ventrículos direito (VD e esquerdo (VE, incluindo o septo, foram separados e pesados e a massa indexada pela altura. O teste de Kolmogorov-Smirnov foi usado para testar normalidade da distribuição. Os dados são apresentados como média ± desvio padrão. RESULTADOS: Após 12 exclusões (doença cardiovascular possível detectada após a morte foram analisados 82 corações (52 homens e 30 mulheres, 16-68 anos, média 31±12 anos. O peso do VE foi de 181±25 g e 125±15 g, do VD foi de 54±7 g e 38±6 g e a massa de VE indexada pela altura foi de 105±14 g/m e 78±8 g/m para homens e mulheres, respectivamente. O P95 do peso do VE foi de 218 g e 128 g/m em homens e 148 g e 88 g/m em mulheres. Não detectamos correlação significante entre a massa ventricular e idade. CONCLUSÃO: O peso do ventrículo esquerdo do coração dos homens da nossa amostra foi superior aos relatados na literatura contemporânea. Nossos resultados sugerem que a presença de hipertrofia de VE pode ser inferida em presença de massa de VE superior a 218 g ou 128 g/m nos homens e 148 g ou 88 g/m nas mulheres.OBJECTIVE:To establish cardiac ventricular weights recorded during the autopsy of healthy individuals who died of external causes, aiming at determining normality patterns in our population. METHODS:A total of 94 hearts were evaluated at the Forensics Department of the city of Vitória, Espírito Santo. After the heart removal and resection of the atria and epicardial fat, the right ventricle (RV and the left ventricle (LV, including the septum, were separated and weighed and the mass was indexed by the height. The Kolmogorov

Heart transplantation in arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy - Experience from the Nordic ARVC Registry

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Gilljam, Thomas; Haugaa, Kristina H; Jensen, Henrik K

2018-01-01

OBJECTIVE: There is a paucity of data on heart transplantation (HTx) in patients with arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC), and specific recommendations on indications for listing ARVC patients for HTx are lacking. In order to delineate features pertinent to HTx assessment, we......%) and ventricular arrhythmias in 3 patients (10%). During median follow-up of 4.9years (0.04-28), there was one early death and two late deaths. Survival was 91% at 5years after HTx. Age at first symptoms under 35years independently predicted HTx in our cohort (OR=7.59, 95% CI 2.69-21.39, p... consequences of right ventricular failure in conjunction with ventricular arrhythmia....

[Surgical treatment of congenital obstruction of the left ventricular outflow tract].

Science.gov (United States)

Biocina, B; Sutlić, Z; Husedinović, I; Letica, D; Sokolić, J