Efecto de Bombus atratus (Hymenoptera: Apidae sobre la productividad de tomate (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. bajo invernadero en la Sabana de Bogotá, Colombia

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Cure José Ricardo

2007-06-01

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En varios países se utilizan con éxito especies de abejorros del género Bombus para la polinización de tomate, reportándose incrementos de productividad hasta del 40%. En la Sabana de Bogotá existen varias especies nativas del género, por lo que se planteó examinar su potencial, desde el punto de vista de su cría en cautiverio y de su utilización como polinizadores de tomate y otras solanáceas. En este trabajo se evaluó el potencial de la especie nativa Bombus atratus como polinizador de tomate, mediante la introducción al cultivo de colonias criadas en cautiverio. Se comparó la autopolinización espontánea de la planta, frente a la obtenida con ayuda de las obreras de B. atratus. Los frutos visitados por ellas presentaron incrementos significativos para las variables ‘peso fresco del fruto’ (40,9%, ‘número de semillas’ (103,3%, ‘diámetro ecuatorial’ (14,3% y ‘proporción de lóculos bien desarrollados’ (42,2%. La relativa facilidad para la cría de esta especie en cautiverio, y el potencial demostrado en el aumento de productividad del tomate bajo invernadero, muestran la necesidad de profundizar en estos estudios en Colombia.

Evaluación de alternativas al uso del polietileno como cubierta del suelo para el manejo de malas hierbas y otros aspectos agronómicos en el cultivo del tomate (Lycopersicon esculentum P. Mill.) en España y Venezuela

OpenAIRE

Anzalone Graci, Alvaro Luciano; Zaragoza Larios, Carlos; Aibar Lete, Joaquín

2008-01-01

Se llevaron a cabo ensayos durante tres años en Zaragoza (España) y Quíbor (Venezuela) con el objetivo de evaluar el potencial uso de diferentes restos vegetales, plástico biodegradable y papel como cubiertas de suelo para el control de malas hierbas como alternativa al uso de polietileno no degradable, utilizando al tomate como cultivo modelo. Las cubiertas evaluadas en Zaragoza fueron paja de arroz, paja de cebada, restos de cosecha de maíz, restos frescos Artemisia absinthium, plástico bio...

Polihidroxialcanoatos de cepas de Azospirillum spp. aisladas de raíces de Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. “tomate” y Oryza sativa L. “arroz” en Lambayeque

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Katty Baca

2010-01-01

Full Text Available En este trabajo se determinó la concentración de polihidroxialcanoatos (PH As de cepas de Azospirillum aisladas de raíces de Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. “tomate” y Oryza sativa L. “arroz”, como una alternativa ante la acumulación de plásticos derivados del petróleo. R aíces previamente desinfectadas se sembraron en medio Nfb se misólido, donde las bacterias fijadoras de nitrógeno se reconocieron por una película blanquecina bajo la superficie y el viraje del indicador al azul. El género Azospirillum se identificó en medio rojo de Congo, obteniéndose 96 cepas de A. lipoferum y A. brasilense en tomate y arroz. Se realizó una fermentación discontinua con caldo Azotobacter modificado, alimentando con una solución saturada de ácido málico cada 12 horas y se realizaron tinciones con Sudán Negro B. Se seleccionaron las cepas con mayor nú mero de gránulos de PHAs (en tomate , 18 de A. lipoferum y 2 de A. brasilense y en arroz, 10 de A. lipoferum y 10 de A. brasilense y se cuantificó la biomasa y PHAs. La concentración de PHAs alcanzó 0 . 661 gL - 1 en A. lipoferum KM(T - 73 y 0 . 738 gL - 1 en A. br asilense KM(T - 19. Las cepas de A. lipoferum y A. brasilense aisladas de tomate alcanzaron una mayor concentración de biomasa y PHAs frente a las cepas aisladas de arroz.

Application of ISSR markers in the genus Lycopersicon

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Tikunov, Y.M.; Khrustaleva, L.I.; Karlov, G.I.

2003-01-01

The level of polymorphism in tomato was studied using ISSR-PCR. Five tomato species: Lycopersicon esculentum, Lycopersicon pennellii, Lycopersicon cheesmanii, Lycopersicon humboldtii, Lycopersicon hirsutum and two Lycopersicon esculentum substitution lines IL 6-3 and WSL 6 were analyzed. ISSR-PCR

Dorte Nors "Den store tomat"

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Michelsen, Jimmi

2017-01-01

Tekstgennemgang og undervisningsforløb til Dorte Nors "Den store tomat". Undervisningsforløbet er henvendt til elever i folkeskolens udskoling......Tekstgennemgang og undervisningsforløb til Dorte Nors "Den store tomat". Undervisningsforløbet er henvendt til elever i folkeskolens udskoling...

Effect of pruning and trellising of tomatoes on red spider mite ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Key Words: Arthropod pest, Lycopersicon esculentum, Tetranychus evansi. RÉSUMÉ La petite araignée rouge, Tetranychus evansi Baker & Prichard accidentellement introduite en Afrique Australe vers 1980 est une peste relativement nouvelle pour la tomate (Lycopersicon esculentum) de l'Afrique. Depuis lors l'espèce ...

Aproximación proteómica al estudio de la respuesta diferencial del metabolismo energético al estrés por bajas temperaturas en tomate y pimiento

OpenAIRE

Sánchez-Bel, Paloma; Egea, Isabel; Sánchez Ballesta, M. Teresa; Sevillano, Laura; Martínez Madrid, María Concepción; Romojaro Almela, Félix Ramón; Bolarín, María C.; Flores, Francisco B.

2012-01-01

Tomate (Solanum lycopersicum) y pimiento (Capsicum annuum), son dos especies hortofrutícolas pertenecientes a la familia Solanaceae susceptibles a sufrir daños por frío cuando se almacenan a bajas temperaturas, lo que afecta seriamente a la calidad de los frutos, siendo causa de importantes pérdidas económicas en el sector agro-alimentario. Una de las principales respuestas celulares al estrés por bajas temperaturas consiste en el mantenimiento de la homeostasis osmótica por la acumulación de...

Capítulo V: evaluación de especies silvestres de Lycopersicon sp. como fuente de resistencia al insecto plaga Scrobipalpula absoluta (Meyrick y su intento de transferencia a Lycopersicon esculentum Mill

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Vallejo Cabrera Franco Alirio

1994-12-01

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En condiciones de campo, se evaluaron 32 introducciones silvestres de Lycopersicon sp. y una de la especie cultivada, L. esculentum Mill, con el fin de determinar la resistencia a Scrobipalpula absoluta (Meyrick. Se utilizó el diseño experimental bloques completos al azar con 4 repeticiones. Como bordes se colocaron tres variedades comerciales susceptibles al insecto (Chonto "Mata Verde", Napoli Y Chonto "Santa Cruz Kada" con el fin de tener una fuente de infestación natural y permanente del cogollero dentro del experimento. Se evaluaron los caracteres número de cogollos afectados, número de hojas dañadas, número de ampollas e intensidad de daño. Todas las introducciones de L. hirsutum y L. peruvianum fueron altamente resistentes. Las introducciones 1406 y 1407 de L. pimpinellifolium también fueron altamente resistentes. La introducción 1759 de L. esculentum y L. esculentum var. ceraciforme fueron muy susceptibles. Las introducciones de L. pimpinellifolium y L. hirsutum no tuvieron dificultad para hibridarse con L. esculentum var. Tropic. El cruzamiento L. esculentum x L. peruvianum no presentó semilla híbrida y se requirió efectuar cultivo de embriones inmaduros, in vitro, utilizando el medio Murashige & Skoog pero sin lograrse resultados positivos.

Thirty two (32 wild accessions of Lycopersicon sp. and one (1 cultivated accession of Lycopersicon esculentum Mill were evaluated to determinate the resistance to Scrobipalpula absoluta (Meyrick. The experiment was conducted with a complete random design and four repetitions. Three (3 susceptibles cultivated accessions of L. esculentum (Chonto "Mata Verde", Napoli and Chonto "Santa Cruz Kada" were sowed to have natural infestation of S. absoluta. Damage intensity, number of buds damaged, number of leaves demaged and number of "blister" in the leaves were evaluated, All evaluated accessions of L. peruvianum showed heigh resistence. 1406 and 1407 accessions of L. pimpinellifolium

Efeito da densidade e proporção de plantas de tomate industrial e de maria-pretinha em competição Density and proportion effects of industrial tomato and nightshade plants under competition

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D.D. Hernandez

2002-08-01

Full Text Available O presente trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de quantificar as interações competitivas e os índices de competitividade entre plantas de tomate industrial (Lycopersicon esculentum cv. Heinz 9553 e maria-pretinha (Solanum americanum. Usou-se como método um experimento substitutivo, com densidade total de 40 plantas m-2 e 11 proporções, além das monoculturas em densidades, que variaram de 20 a 100 plantas m-2, em intervalos de 20 plantas, conduzidos no delineamento de blocos casualizados com três repetições. Os resultados obtidos foram analisados pelo método convencional de análise de experimentos substitutivos e pela produção recíproca total. A maria-pretinha mostrou ser um competidor mais agressivo que o tomate, sendo mais importante a competição interespecífica para a planta cultivada. Para a biomassa seca total, as duas espécies não competiram pelos mesmos fatores de crescimento. Já para a área foliar, as duas espécies se mostraram competidoras pelos mesmos fatores de crescimento, mostrando ser essa a característica mais sensível à interferência.This work aimed to quantify the competitive interactions and the competitiveness indexes among plants of industrial tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum cv. Heinz 9553 and nightshade (Solanum americanum. The methodology used was a replacement series experiment with a total density of 40 plants m-2 and 11 proportions, besides the monocultures in densities varying from 20 to 100 plants m-2, in intervals of 20 plants, conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The results were analyzed by the conventional method of analysis of replacement series experiment and for total reciprocal production. The nightshade plant was shown to be a more aggressive competitor than the tomato, with inter-specific competition being more important for the cultivated plant. For the dry aboveground biomasses, the two species did not compete for the same natural resources

SIMULACIÓN ESTACIONARIA DE UN EVAPORADOR DE DOBLE EFECTO PARA JUGO DE TOMATE

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Álvaro Núñez

2012-01-01

Full Text Available En este trabajo se desarrolló un modelo estacionario para simular un sistema evaporador de doble efecto destinado a la concentración de jugo de tomate. Debido a que el licopeno muestra capacidad antioxidante, es deseable que su concentración sea máxima en la pasta de tomate. Ello se logra optimizando tanto el diseño como las condiciones de operación del equipo concentrador de jugo. Para alcanzar ese objetivo, se incorporó al modelo la cinética de degradación del licopeno, y se realizó un estudio de sensibilidad para determinar las relaciones que vinculan las variables de proceso. El estudio determinó que el contenido de licopeno en el producto es altamente sensible al tiempo de residencia; mientras que el consumo de vapor está determinado por la presión del vapor de servicio y las presiones de los efectos.

exportación de tomate

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Juan Carlos Pérez Mesa

2007-01-01

Full Text Available En este artículo se realiza una comparación entre redes neuronales de base radial y la metodología econométrica tradicional. Ambos sistemas se aplican a una función que explica y predice las exportaciones de tomate de empresas de economía social de la provincia de Almería (España. Los resultados que se obtienen son similares, aunque la fiabilidad del modelo de redes al predecir queda cuestionada. Sin embargo, las redes se configuran como una herramienta fácil de utilizar ya que no están condicionadas por una especificación funcional anterior y una distribución del error.

Desarrollo de una bebida energizante con pulpa de tomate de árbol (Solanum betaceum

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Alexia Torres

2015-09-01

Full Text Available Las bebidas energizantes han sido creadas para incrementar la resistencia física, proveer mayor concentración, evitar el sueño y proporcionar sensación de bienestar. El objetivo de esta investigación fue el desarrollo de una bebida energizante con inclusión de pulpa de tomate de árbol, su evaluación sensorial y caracterización física y química. Se desarrollaron 8 formulaciones de las cuales se escogieron las de mayor aceptación sensorial y se contrastaron con bebidas comerciales. Para la prueba de aceptabilidad se utilizó una escala hedónica no estructurada de 9 puntos y para la prueba CATA (check-all-that-apply se generó un listado de 24 descriptores, obtenidos a partir de evaluación sensorial previa. Los descriptores de las formulaciones a base de tomate de árbol que presentaron mayores porcentajes de respuesta estadísticamente diferentes (p < 0,05 con las muestras comerciales fueron: agradable, natural, casero, espesa, turbia, herbal, sabor a tomate, dulce, sabor a tomate de árbol, sabor a fruta. La formulación con 21,3 % de pulpa de tomate de árbol presentó la mayor aceptabilidad (6,32, razón por la cual fue caracterizada posteriormente. Se obtuvo una bebida ácida (acidez 7,97 g/100 mL y pH 3,88, con cantidades significativas de vitaminas, minerales, polifenoles y capacidad antioxidante. El desarrollo de este tipo de productos permite incorporar al mercado de bebidas, alternativas más saludables y de alto valor energizante.

INFLUENCIA DEL CULTIVO INTERCALADO EN LA PRODUCCIÓN Y CALIDAD DEL FRUTO DE TOMATE CEREZA

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Fabricio Rossi

2013-12-01

Full Text Available El presente trabajo tiene por objetivo determinar la influencia en la cosecha y calidad de los frutos de Solanum lycopersicum L. (1753 cv. cereza [Lycopersicum esculentum Mill. 1768] (tomate en convivencia con cultivos intercalares de cinco Fabaceae, plantas auxiliadoras en la agricultura y dos tratamientos con y sin residuos de cosecha de Zea mayz L. El estudio fue im- plantado en el Polo Centro Sul, Piracicaba-SP. Brasil, en suelo Argisol rojo-amarillo distrófico. El diseño experimental fue en bloque al azar con cinco repeticiones y ocho tratamientos en con- vivencia con plantas de tomate con:1 Sin residuos de ZEAMA-Zea mayz L.;2 Con residuos de ZEAMA- Zea mayz L. cv.cativerde 2; 3 CANEN- Canavalia ensiformis (L. DC.; 4CRO- JU- Crotalaria juncea L.; 5 MUCPR- Mucuna pruriens (L. DC. cv. arbusto (enana o anã; 6 VIGRA- Vigna radiata L. 7 LUPAL- Lupinus albus L.; 8 VIGUN- Vigna unguiculata (L. Walp. Los resultados mostraron que la producción y calidad de los frutos de tomate fue normal, sin ataque de plagas y no se aplicó ningún agrotóxico. El abono verde, así como la presencia o ausencia de residuos de cosecha de maíz, no interfiere en la temporada de cosecha. En cuanto al análisis de sólidos solubles totales (SST y acidez (pH no difirió entre los tratamientos.

Perfil dos compradores de tomate de mesa em supermercados da região de Campinas Market profile of fresh tomato consumers in the Campinas area

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Caroline Andreuccetti

2005-03-01

Full Text Available O acesso a informações e às mudanças tecnológicas fizeram com que consumidores se tornassem cada vez mais exigentes e preocupados com a saúde. Assim, procurou-se estabelecer o comportamento de compra dos consumidores de tomate de mesa (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. em supermercados de Campinas (SP, e a partir das respostas aos questionários traçou-se seu perfil destacando suas preferências, costumes, reclamações e exigências. Identificou-se que é a mulher que realiza as compras para casa, com preferência pelo consumo do tomate na forma "in natura". Encontrou-se insatisfação de 95,6% dos entrevistados quanto à qualidade do tomate, sendo a presença de danos físicos a maior reclamação. Assim, a qualidade do tomate que estava sendo apresentado nas gôndolas dos supermercados não correspondia àquela indicada pelos consumidores (frutos com coloração vermelha, uniformes e ausência de injúrias. Diante da insatisfação dos consumidores e considerando que o tomate preferencialmente é consumido "in natura" deve-se atentar para sua aparência externa, promovendo manuseio adequado nas etapas pós-colheita a fim de minimizar danos físicos. Os consumidores revelaram que pagariam uma quantia mais elevada pelo tomate caso este apresentasse melhor qualidade. A opinião do consumidor deve ser considerada para se encontrar soluções tecnológicas e/ou estratégicas que possam minimizar os danos pós-colheita do tomate, atingindo suas expectativas quanto à qualidade do produto.Access to information together with technological developments have helped to make consumers more preocupied about their health. A study was made of the buying habits of tomato consumers in supermarkets in Campinas (São Paulo State, Brazil. With the answers to the questionnaire to hand it was possible to determine the preferences, the customs, the complaints and the demands of the customers. It was established that it is the woman of the house who does the

Caracterización de cepas nativas de Azotobacter spp. y su efecto en el desarrollo de Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. “tomate” en Lambayeque

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Cynthia Escobar

2011-01-01

Full Text Available El objetivo de la presente investigación fue caracterizar y determinar el efecto de cepas nativas de Azotobacter spp. en el desarrollo vegetativo de Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. “tomate”, como una alternativa al uso indiscriminado de fertilizantes químicos. Se tomaron muestras de raíces y suelo rizosférico de hortalizas con las que se realizaron diluciones (10-4 en caldo Ashby-Sacarosa y se incubaron a 30 ºC hasta observar un color amarillo, turbidez y película superficial. El género Azotobacter se identificó en agar mineral sin nitrógeno y Ashby-Benzoato, obteniéndose 96 cepas con una producción de 7.10 a 57.99 mgL-1 de ácido indolacético, 0.13 a 1.64 mgL-1 de nitrógeno fijado como amonio y hasta 1.61 % de eficiencia en la solubilización de roca fosfórica de Bayóvar. Se obtuvo una suspensión celular (108 de cada una de las cuatro cepas con los mayores valores y se inocularon independientemente y en consorcio, así como una combinación con 50 % de urea-100 % de roca fosfórica, en la rizósfera de tomate cv. Río Grande, en un diseño experimental completamente aleatorio. Todas las cepas nativas incrementaron la altura, volumen radicular, materia seca total, parte aérea y radicular frente al testigo absoluto.

Microorganismos benéficos como biofertilizantes eficientes para el cultivo del tomate (Lycopersicon esculentum, Mill Beneficial microorganisms as efficient biofertilisers for tomato crops (Lycopersicon esculentum, Mill

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Hernández Annia

2005-12-01

Full Text Available En el uso y manejo de biofertilizantes en la agricultura, uno de los principales problemas es el desconocimiento de las especies presentes en los agroecosistemas y en la rizosfera de los cultivos, para su posible utilización eficiente. Desde el punto de vista ecológico, es importante conocer los integrantes de la comunidad bacteriana que favorecen su aplicación como inoculantes y propician un efecto agrobiológico positivo en los cultivos agrícolas. Esta investigación se desarrolló con el objetivo de evaluar la efectividad agrobiológica de Azospirillum sp, en el crecimiento, desarrollo y rendimiento en el cultivo del tomate. Para ello, se partió de seleccionar el género microbiano predominante en la rizosfera del cultivo y posteriormente se evaluó el efecto de su inoculación a partir de la respuesta del cultivo. Los resultados demostraron que los géneros Pseudomonas, Azospirillum, Azotobacter, Bacillus y Streptomyces, forman parte de la comunidad microbiana de la rizosfera del tomate, en las condiciones estudiadas, y que Azospirillum es el género dominante. La inoculación artificial de esta rizobacteria causó un efecto positivo sobre el crecimiento de las plántulas, así como en el estado nutricional de las plantas, con un rendimiento agrícola superior a un 11 % con respecto a las plantas testigo. Se obtuvo un alto nivel poblacional en la rizosfera de las plantas inoculadas. Palabras clave: rizosfera, inoculante, crecimiento, rendimiento.One of the main problems regarding the efficient use and management of biofertilizers in agriculture lies in the unknown species present in agro-ecosystems and crop rhizospheres. From the ecological point of view, it is important to know the members of the bacterial population allowing them to be applied as inoculants and enable a positive agro-biological effect on agricultural crops. This investigation was aimed at evaluating the agro-biological effectiveness of Azospirillum sp. on tomato

INOCULACIÓN AL SUELO CON Pseudomonas fluorescens, Azospirillum oryzae, Bacillus subtilis Y MICROORGANISMOS DE MONTAÑA (MM Y SU EFECTO SOBRE UN SISTEMA DE ROTACIÓN SOYA-TOMATE BAJO CONDICIONES DE INVERNADERO

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Leida Castro Barquero

2015-01-01

Full Text Available Se evaluó un sistema de rotación soya- tomate, con incorporación de biomasa verde y aplicación de inóculos microbianos individuales y en mezcla sobre el crecimiento de las plantas y propiedades edáficas; para ello se evaluaron en invernadero por 24 meses los siguientes 9 trata - mientos: solo tomate (T; rotación tomate-soya (TS; rotación tomate-soya con inoculaciones individuales de Azospirillum oryzae (A; de Pseudomonas fluorescens (P; de Bacillus sub - tilis (B; de microorganismos de montaña (MM; y las inoculaciones en mezcla de B. subtilis y P. fluorescens (BP; de B. subtilis, P. fluorescens y A. oryzae ( BPA; d e B. subtilis , P. fluorescens , Azospirillum sp. y MM (BPAMM. Se evalua - ron las variables físicas: densidad aparente y de partículas; conductividad hidráulica; poros totales; estabilidad de agregados; resistencia a la penetración (RP; las variables químicas: pH; conductividad eléctrica; contenido de N y C; relación C/N; contenido de nutrientes en suelos y foliares; las variables biológicas: respiración de suelos, unidades formadoras de colonias de hongos, bacterias y actinomicetos y el peso fres - co y seco foliar. Las variables físicas no fueron afectadas por los tratamientos, con excepción de RP, que fue mayor en el tratamiento T. Las varia - bles biológicas y químicas fueron sensibles a los tratamientos, con valores significativamente más altos en presencia de MM. Destaca el incremento del P en solución de suelo en tratamientos a los que se adicionó MM: pasó de 6 a 20 mg.l -1 ; esta condición se reflejó además en la cantidad de P en el tejido foliar al final del ensayo. Se determi - nó que el pH, CE y la respiración del suelo fueron afectados por la interacción entre los tratamientos aplicados y el tiempo transcurrido; los mayores valores se obtuvieron al final del ensayo y en los tratamientos con MM.

El injerto en tomate (Solanum licopersicum Mill. alternativa al cambio climático

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Santiago Maradiaga

2017-03-01

Full Text Available En la actualidad la producción de hortalizas a campo abierto en Honduras se ha vuelto difícil para poder concluir el ciclo vegetativo por las inclemencias del cambio climático que en la mayoría de las áreas con potencial para establecer esto cultivos sobre todo las solanáceas y cucurbitáceas son afectados por enfermedades de origen telúrico. Estos organismos causan considerables pérdidas en los rendimientos. El injerto herbáceo es una práctica cultural que confiere a las plantas una mayor tolerancia frente a los factores abióticos (temperatura, salinidad, estrés hídrico, etc.. En la Universidad Nacional de Agricultura se ha venido investigando con esta técnica a cieloabierto con resultados aceptables sin desmejorar los rendimientos y calidad. Se evaluó el comportamiento de dos portainjertos criollos en tomate con dos variedades de uso común en los productores Pony y Belfas donde los tratamientos fueron T1 (Cherry/Pony, T2 (Cherry/Belfast, T3 (Belfast/Pony, T4 (Pony y T5 (Belfast. Se utilizó un diseño en bloques completos al azar con tres repeticiones, las variables evaluadas fueron: Porcentaje de pegue,compatibilidad, altura de planta, días a floración, diámetro de tallo, calibres de fruto, grados brix en el fruto, biomasafresca de la raíz, numero de frutos por planta y rendimiento. Los resultados obtenidos para todas las variables muestra que las plantas injertadas mostraron mayores valores que las no injertadas, resaltando rendimiento donde el T1 reporto 60 ton/ha en relación al testigo 40 ton/ha.

TÉ DE COMPOSTA COMO FERTILIZANTE ORGÁNICO EN LA PRODUCCIÓN DE TOMATE (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. EN INVERNADERO

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E. Ochoa-Martínez

2009-01-01

Full Text Available El objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar la aportación de nitrógeno (N y otros nutrimentos en el té de composta para producir tomate en invernadero. Se evaluaron cuatro tipos de fertilización en tres genotipos. Los tipos de fertilización fueron: solución nutritiva, té de composta, té de composta diluido y aplicación fraccionada de composta. Los genotipos fueron Bosky, Romina y PX01636262. La evaluación se realizó hasta el octavo racimo cosechado. El efecto del tipo de fertilización y del genotipo fue significativo en el rendimiento, en tanto que la interacción de ambos factores no fue significativa. Las plantas con solución nutritiva obtuvieron el mayor rendimiento con 21.8 kg·m-2, mientras que el té de composta rindió 17 % menos; esta reducción se relacionó con una mayor conductividad eléctrica (CE en la solución del sustrato. El té de composta también redujo 21 % el peso por fruto y aumentó 19 % los sólidos solubles. Las variedades Bosky y PX01636262 rindieron cerca de 20 kg·m-2, en tanto Romina rindió significativamente menos, debido a un menor peso por fruto. La concentración de N foliar al inicio de floración e inicio de cosecha fue similar con solución nutritiva y con té de composta; además, no se observaron síntomas de deficiencia de nutrimentos, lo que significa que el té de composta abasteció las necesidades de N y otros nutrimentos, logrando producir más de 18 kg·m-2 de fruto extra grande con más de 4 oBrix de sólidos solubles, a un menor costo de fertilización.

Utilização do Ozônio no Tratamento Pós-Colheita do Tomate (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill

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Rogério Simão

2011-06-01

Full Text Available O armazenamento de hortaliças no período pós-colheita é fator preocupante na logística de produtos perecíveis no ramo do agronegócio. Este artigo tem como objetivo mostrar o emprego do gás Ozônio (O3 para o aumento de vida de prateleira de frutos de tomate a fim de mantê-los adequados por mais tempo para a comercialização. Exemplares da cultivar Débora foram tratados com 1 ppm (vol/vol de Ozônio durante 24 horas a 25°C e 65% de umidade relativa. Qualidades físicas como perda de massa, estádio de maturação, injúria e senescência foram avaliadas após 15 dias de armazenamento. Comparados com uma amostra de controle, os frutos tratados com Ozônio apresentaram menos perda de massa, menor porcentagem de injúrias causada por fungos e maior retardamento no apodrecimento, mas pouca diferença quanto ao nível de maturação.

MUTU BAKTERIOLOGIS SAUS TOMAT PENTOL DI BANJARBARU

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Ratih Dewi Dwiyanti

2016-06-01

Full Text Available Abstract: The food was used as a complementary flavor sauces include snacks bulb. Dressing materials according to SNI 01-7388-2009 must comply with the requirements of the parameter Staphylococcus aureus, MPN (Most probable number Coliform, TPC (total plate count and molds. This study aims to determine the percentage of tomato sauce snacks bulb in the area around the intersection of four Banjarbaru who do not qualify SNI 01-7388-2009 of parameters MPN Coliform and Staphylococcus aureus. The results showed MPN Coliform tomato sauce ranges from 0-240 and Staphylococcus aureus 5 x 101 to 6.5 x 103. Concluded percentage tomato sauce snacks bulb that does not qualify SNI 01-7388-2009 parameter is 60% MPN Coliform and Staphylococcus aureus 80%. Suggestions to determine the value of TPC (total plate count and molds and other chemical parameters of tomato sauce. Abstrak: Makanan yang menggunakan saus sebagai pelengkap rasa diantaranya adalah jajanan pentol. Bahan saus menurut SNI 01-7388-2009 harus sesuai dengan persyaratan dengan parameter Staphylococcus aureus, APM (Angka Paling Mungkin Coliform, ALT (angka lempeng total dan kapang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui presentase saus tomat jajanan pentol di sekitar wilayah simpang empat Banjarbaru yang tidak memenuhi syarat SNI 01-7388-2009 dari parameter APM Coliform dan Staphylococcus aureus. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan APM Coliform saus tomat berkisar antara 0-240 dan Staphylococcus aureus 5 x 101 - 6,5 x 103. Disimpulkan prosentase saus tomat jajanan pentol yang tidak memenuhi syarat SNI 01-7388-2009 dengan parameter APM Coliform adalah 60% dan Staphylococcus aureus 80%. Saran untuk mengetahui nilai ALT (Angka Lempeng Total dan kapang serta parameter kimiawi lainnya dari saus tomat.

AISLADOS BACTERIANOS CON POTENCIAL BIOFERTILIZANTE PARA PLÁNTULAS DE TOMATE

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José Noh Medina

2014-10-01

Full Text Available En el presente trabajo se aislaron rizobacterias en diversos medios de cultivo y se resembraron en medios selectivos para estudiar su capacidad de solubilización de fosfato y de producción de ácido indolacético (AIA, con el fin de probarlas como promotoras del crecimiento vegetal en plántulas de tomate. Se obtuvieron 83 aislados bacterianos del rizoplano de plantas de chile habanero (Capsicum chinense Jacq., maíz (Zea mays y calabaza (Cucurbita pepo, de los cuales 15 sintetizaron AIA con un rango de concentración de 0.17 a 12.51 µg L-1 y 33 solubilizaron fosfato inorgánico. El uso de los aislados KCH3 y TSACH2 inoculados a las semillas de tomate, y que solubilizaron fosfato in vitro, incrementaron significativamente la biomasa de la parte aérea de las plántulas de tomate (42 y 32% respectivamente, permitiendo obtener plántulas más vigorosas que las plántulas sin inoculación de rizobacterias. Ambos aislados mostraron potencial para ser utilizados como biofertilizantes en la producción de plántulas de tomate.

La performance economique de la filiere tomate industrielle en Algerie

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Dans ce papier, on rend compte de l'évolution de la filière "tomates industrielles" en Algérie. On y montre d'abord que la production de tomates industrielles, depuis 1970, a connu un taux de croissance significatif, dépassant largement le taux de croissance démographique. Le taux a cependant été négatif en moyenne au ...

β(1,3 GLUCANASAS DE LOS ESPACIOS INTERCELULARES DE HOJAS DE TOMATE LYCOPERSICON ESCULENTUM CERACIFORME DESPUES DE INFECCIÓN CON PHYTOPHTHORA INFESTANS.

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Humberto M. Zamora

2009-06-01

Full Text Available Análisis en líquido de lavado intercelular de Lycopersicon esculentum ceraciforme L1568 perteneciente al germoplasma nacional con resistencia en campo a P. infestans mostró la presencia de cuatro   β (1,3 glucanasas después de infección con el patógeno. Las plantas se inocularon con el patógeno para inducir aumento en la concentración de las proteínas PR. Después de 15 días de inoculadas, se extrajo el líquido de lavado intercelular de los foliolos de la planta utilizando agua destilada. Las proteínas extraídas se liofilizaron, se  resuspendieron en buffer, se purificaron utilizando cromatografía de intercambio iónico y electroforesis preparativa,  esto permitió la  caracterización parcial de una β (1,3  glucanasa básica con peso molecular  de 36,8 kDa y PI  9,2 y tres ácidas de  35.4, 30.1 y 7.2 kDa  con puntos isoeléctricos de 3.8; 3.6 y 5.0 respectivamente. Además se determinaron las propiedades cinéticas de cada enzima, KM, Vmax, Eo y K3 encontrando que la proteína básica no ha sido reportada en la literatura hasta ahora.

UNIDADE MÓVEL PARA O BENEFICIAMENTO DE TOMATE/ITINERANT UNITY FOR TOMATOES HANDLING PROCESS

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RICARDO RODRIGUES TEIXEIRA

2008-11-01

Full Text Available RESUMOAs perdas pós-colheita de tomate apresentam níveis bastante elevados, sendo proporcionais ao tempo de exposição dos frutos a condições climáticas adversas no período entre a colheita e o beneficiamento. Neste contexto, o presente trabalho propõe o desenvolvimento de uma unidade móvel para o beneficiamento de tomates em campo, visando reduzir o tempo entre a colheita e o beneficiamento de tomates e, conseqüentemente, reduzir as perdas pós-colheita. Para tal, foram identificados em campo os processos e tarefas necessários para o beneficiamento de tomates, empregados como base no desenvolvimento da unidade móvel. A unidade móvel foi então montada sobre uma carroceria do tipo baú. Foram avaliados os custos para a construção da unidade móvel e custos operacionais. A unidade móvel apresentou-se como uma solução de custo relativamente baixo para a redução das perdas pós-colheita do tomate.PALAVRAS-CHAVES: Perdas pós-Colheita, Qualidade dos Frutos, Qualidade do Tomate.

EFECTO DE POBLACIONES DE Meloidogyne sp. EN EL DESARROLLO Y RENDIMIENTO DEL TOMATE

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Wilber Salazar-Ant\\u00F3n

2013-01-01

Full Text Available El objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar el efecto de la población inicial de Meloidogyne sp. en el cultivo del tomate. El estudio se realizó en León, Nicaragua en el año 2011. Las variables medidas fueron número de nematodos al trasplante y al momento de la cosecha, altura de la planta al momento de la madurez fisiológica y el rendimiento en kilogramos. La extracción de nematodos se realizó mediante el método de Baermann modificado. En el estudio, la densidad inicial (Pi presentó una correlación lineal positiva con la densidad final (Pf. Sin embargo, se observó que cuando la Pi era igual a 400 nematodos/100 g de suelo, el factor de reproducción se incrementaba a 3,64; por el contrario, cuando la Pi era igual a 700 nematodos/100 g de suelo, el factor de reproducción se reducía a 2,48. La Pi se correlacionó inversamente con el peso de frutos y altura de las plantas. Plantas con 200 nematodos/100 g de suelo presentaban peso de frutos de 2,19 kg y altura de 153,20 cm en comparación con 0,93 kg y 135,24 cm en plantas con 600 nematodos/100 g de suelo. Existió una correlación positiva entre Pi y Pf de Meloidogy- ne sp. en el tomate. Las poblaciones de este nematodo, se correlacionaron inversamente con las variables altura y peso de los frutos.

Matriconditioning integrated with gibberellic acid to hasten seed germination and improve stand establishment of pepper and tomato Matricondicionamento integrado com ácido giberélico para acelerar a germinação e melhorar o estande em sementes de pimentão e tomate

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Claudinei Andreoli

1999-10-01

Full Text Available Emergence and stand establishment of tomato (Lycopersicon lycopersicum (L. (Karsten ex Farw and pepper (Capsicum annus L. seeds are often slow and erratic, particularly under stress conditions. Field emergence trials sometimes have not responded to priming in pepper. This study examined the combined effects of matriconditioning and gibberellin application on the germination and stand establishment of pepper and tomato seeds. Pepper and tomato seeds were conditioned with a solid carrier, Micro Cel E, in the presence of gibberellic acid (GA for 1, 2 , 3 and 4 days at 15 and 25ºC. The results showed that, in all cases, even under stress conditions, the combination of matriconditioning with GA was effective in improving germination and emergence of pepper and tomato. The germination time was, in average, reduced by 2 to 3 days by primed seeds. Thus, matriconditioning, during which germination is suspended, provides an unique means to rapidly and efficiently digest the endosperm by GA-induced enzymes and reduce the mechanical restraints of endosperm thus providing energy to start and sustain embryo growth.A emergência e o estabelecimento do estande em sementes de pimentão (Capsicum annus L. e de tomate (Lycopersicon lycopersicum (L. (Karsten ex Farw são freqüentemente lentos e desuniformes, principalmente sob condições de estresse. Experimentos de campo às vezes não têm fornecido resposta ao condicionamento em sementes de pimentão. Este trabalho estudou os efeitos combinados de matricondicionamento e aplicação de giberelina na germinação e estande de sementes de pimentão e tomate. Sementes de pimentão e de tomate foram condicionadas com um sólido matricial, Micro Cel E, na presença e ausência do ácido gilberélico, por um, dois, três e quatro dias, a 15 e 25ºC. Os resultados demonstram que, em todos os casos, os tratamentos combinados com a aplicação de ácido giberélico foram eficientes em melhorar a germinação e a emerg

PROFIL RESIDU PESTISIDA DITIOKARBAMAT DALAM TOMAT DAN SELADA PADA TINGKAT KONSUMEN DI DKI JAKARTA

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D. Mutiatikum

2012-10-01

Full Text Available Penggunaan pestisida untuk meningkatkan produksi hasil pertanian menunjukkan adanya residu pestisida dalam komoditi pertanian. Pemaparan pestisida pada manusia dapat menimbulkan keracunan, baik akut maupun kronis bergantung pada lamanya pemaparan. Tomat dan selada adalah sayuran yang biasa dikonsumsi langsung tanpa dimasak lebih dahulu sebagai makanan, seperti lalaban, burger. salad. juice dan sebagainya Monitoring terhadap makanan tersebut dilakukan dengan cara sampling ke pasar-pasar yang berada di Jakarta. Kemudian, ditentukan kadar residu pestisida dengan menggunakan kromatografi gas (GC. Hasil analisis residu pestisida ditiokarbamat dalam tomat, terdeteksi pada semua contoh makanan dengan kadar antara 0,66- 22,27 mg/kg. Sedangkan pada selada antara 0,43- 18,57 mg/kg (BMR tomat 3 dan selada 5. 41,67% dari yang disampling melebihi BMR baik tomat maupun selada.   Kata Kunci  : Ditiokarbamat (Pestisida

Survey of aflatoxins in tomato products Aflatoxinas em produtos de tomate

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Lilian Regina Barros Mariutti

2009-06-01

Full Text Available Tomatoes are highly susceptible to fungi contamination in the field, during transportation, processing, and storage. Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus have been isolated from tomatoes and tomato products, and both fungi species can produce aflatoxin, mycotoxin with hepatotoxic, carcinogenic, teratogenic, and mutagenic effects on all animal species tested so far. In order to verify a possible aflatoxin contamination of tomato products commercialized in Brazil, 63 samples of tomato products (pulp, paste, purée, ketchup, dehydrated tomatoes, and dried tomatoes preserved in oil produced in 5 Brazilian states and 1 imported sample (ketchup, totalizing 29 brands, were analyzed by thin layer chromatography. The analytical method showed an average recovery of 86% for all aflatoxins at two spiking levels. The limits of detection for the aflatoxins B1, B2, G1, and G2 varied with the type of the product ranging from 2 to 7 µg/kg. Aflatoxins were not detected in any evaluated sample indicating that they did not pose a risk to human health since there was no invasion of raw materials by toxigenic fungi or no conditions for toxin production.Os tomates são frutos altamente susceptíveis à contaminação fúngica tanto no campo como durante o transporte, processamento e armazenamento. Aspergillus flavus e Aspergillus parasiticus têm sido isolados em tomate e em produtos de tomate e ambas as espécies são produtoras de aflatoxinas, potentes micotoxinas que apresentam efeitos hepatotóxicos, carcinogênicos, teratogênicos e mutagênicos para todas as espécies animais testadas até o momento. Para verificar a possível contaminação por estas micotoxinas em produtos de tomate comercializados no Brasil, amostras de 63 produtos de tomate (polpa, pasta, purê, catchup, tomate desidratado e tomate seco conservado em óleo provenientes de 5 Estados brasileiros e uma do exterior (catchup, compreendendo a 29 marcas, foram analisadas por

Calidad en frutos de tomate (Solanum lycopersicum L. cosechados en diferentes estados de madurez

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Casierra-Posada Fánor

2008-08-01

Full Text Available

El tomate es una de las hortalizas de más alto volumen de consumo en fresco; sus pérdidas en la comercialización suelen comenzar en la cosecha y van hasta la poscosecha a través del manejo. El experimento se realizó en Tunja (Colombia con el objetivo de evaluar cambios en la calidad en frutos de tomate, dependientes de los diferentes estados de madurez en que fueron cosechados. Los frutos se seleccionaron de acuerdo con su porcentaje de coloración verde y roja. Los híbridos de tomate evaluados fueron Sofía, Marimba y Bravona. Los parámetros de respuesta fueron: firmeza, sólidos solubles totales, acidez titulable, pH, índice de madurez y pérdida de peso. Los resultados mostraron que la pérdida de peso, la acidez titulable y la firmeza disminuyen al ser cosechados los frutos en estados más tardíos de maduración, mientras que los sólidos solubles totales y el índice de madurez se incrementaron únicamente cuando los frutos se cosecharon en estados más tardíos de maduración. Los valores de pH variaron muy poco respecto al tiempo de cosecha de los frutos. El comportamiento poscosecha de los híbridos fue muy diferente para todas las variables dependientes. Finalmente, el mejor estado de madurez para cosechar los híbridos Bravona y Marimba fue cuando los frutos alcanzaron una coloración 75% verde y 25% rojo; los frutos de Sofía pueden ser colectados con 50% verde y 50% rojo, con el fin de mantener sus características organolépticas y una mejor calidad.

Qualidade físico-química, microbiológica e ocorrência de micotoxinas de Alternaria alternata em derivados de tomate

OpenAIRE

Santos, Grazielle Gebrim

2014-01-01

O tomate industrial destina-se à produção de derivados, como extratos, polpas, molhos e conservas de tomate sem pele. A indústria de processamento de tomates no Brasil apresentou um grande crescimento a partir da década de 1970. O Brasil figura entre os dez maiores produtores de tomate industrial do mundo. A cultura do tomate é afetada por um grande número de doenças causadas por fungos e bactérias. Entre os fungos produtores de toxinas que acometem os tomates industriais destacam-se os do gê...

PROHEXADIONA DE CALCIO INCREMENTA LA CAPACIDAD ANTIOXIDANTE, EL CONTENIDO DE LICOPENO Y LA ACTIVIDAD ENZIMÁTICA EN FRUTOS DE TOMATE FLORADADE

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Homero Ramírez

2010-01-01

Full Text Available El uso de prohexadiona de calcio (P-Ca en frutales aumenta los niveles de sólidos solubles, antocianinas y aromas en el producto cosechado; el efecto de P-Ca en hortalizas es poco conocido. En este trabajo se evaluaron los cambios que provoca la P-Ca en la capacidad antioxidante total, contenido de licopeno y actividad de las enzimas catalasa y peroxidasa en frutos de tomate bola (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. variedad Floradade. Se evaluaron diferentes concentraciones (0,125, 175 y 200 mg.litro-1 con una y dos aplicaciones. La primera aplicación se realizó cuando las plantas presentaron primordios florales, y la segunda 15 días después. Los resultados sostienen que P-Ca incrementó (P¿0.01 la capacidad antioxidante total de los frutos, principalmente en los frutos en estado de hombros verdes. La concentración de licopeno aumentó en los frutos de plantas tratadas con cualquiera de las dosis de P-Ca, con una mayor concentración en frutos en hombros verdes. Asimismo, con la aplicación de P-Ca la actividad de la catalasa y peroxidasa aumentó significativamente (P¿0.01.

Calidad en frutos de tomate (solanum lycopersicum l.) cosechados en diferentes estados de madurez

OpenAIRE

Casierra-Posada, Fánor; Aguilar Avendaño, Óscar

2010-01-01

El tomate es una de las hortalizas de más alto volumen de consumo en fresco; sus pérdidas en la comercialización suelen comenzar en la cosecha y van hasta la poscosecha a través del manejo. El experimento se realizó en Tunja (Colombia) con el objetivo de evaluar cambios en la calidad en frutos de tomate, dependientes de los diferentes estados de madurez en que fueron cosechados. Los frutos se seleccionaron de acuerdo con su porcentaje de coloración verde y roja. Los híbridos de tomate ...

Perbedaan Pengaruh Pemberian Jus Tomat Dengan Jus Belimbing Manis Terhadap Tekanan Darah Pada Penderita Hipertensi

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Eka Febriani

2016-11-01

Full Text Available Hipertensi merupakan penyakit darah tinggi yang sering dijumpai di kalangan masyarakat. Secara visual penyakit ini tidak tampak, hipertensi bisa membuat penderita terancam jiwanya. Upaya dalam menurunkan tekanan darah adalah dengan meningkatkan konsumsi kalium sepeti jus tomat dan jus belimbing manis. Tujuan penelitian melihat pengaruh perbedaan pemberian jus tomat dengan jus belimbing manis terhadap tekanan darah pada penderita hipertensi. Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif analitik dengan desain penelitian Quasi Experimental yaitu untuk melihat perbedaan pengaruh tekanan darah sebelum dan sesudah diberikan jus tomat dengan jus belimbing manis dan diperoleh 32 orang. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan Agustus 2013 di kecamatan Kota Jantho Aceh Besar. Data yang diambil yaitu data primer dan sekunder. Pengumpulan data dengan cara wawancara dengan menggunakan kuesioner. Analisa data dengan menggunakan uji T-Test independen pada derajat kepercayaan 95%. Rerata penurunan tekanan darah sesudah pemberian jus tomat 147,81 mmHg (sistolik dan 77,81 mmHg (diastolik, sedangkan rerata penurunan tekanan darah sesudah pemberian jus belimbing manis 135,38 mmHg (sistolik dan 80,88 mmHg (diastolik. Rerata perbedaan penurunan tekanan darah sesudah pemberian jus tomat turun sebesar 9,75 (sistolik dan 9,94 (diastolik, sedangkan rerata perbedaan penurunan tekanan darah sesudah pemberian jus belimbing manis turun sebesar 20,19 (sistolik dan 13,44 (diastolik. Ada pengaruh yang signifikan pemberian jus tomat dengan jus belimbing manis terhadap penurunan tekanan darah, P = 0,000 (P≤0,05.

Evaluation of the Water Requirements for a Greenhouse Tomato Crop using the Priestley-Taylor Method Evaluación del Consumo de Agua de un Cultivo de Tomate en Invernadero Usando el Método de Priestley-Taylor

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Héctor Valdés-Gómez

2009-03-01

Full Text Available The Priestley-Taylor (PT model was evaluated for estimating the real evapotranspiration (ETreal of a drip-irrigated greenhouse tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. crop. The net radiation incorporated in the PT model was estimated using meteorological variables. For this experiment, an automatic weather station (AWS was installed inside the greenhouse to measure solar radiation (Rgi, net radiation (Rn, air temperature (Ta and relative humidity (RH. Another AWS was installed over a grass cover to measure atmospheric conditions outside the greenhouse. The experiment was carried out at the Panguilemo experimental station (35°23' S, 71°40' W, 110 m.a.s.l. from August to December 2000. The PT model was evaluated using the ETreal obtained from the water balance (WB method. In this case, values of ETreal by PT model were calculated using: a Rgi and soil heat flux (G = 0; b Rgi and G ≠ 0; c solar radiation measured outside the greenhouse (Rge and G = 0; and d Rge and G ≠ 0. For these cases, results indicated that PT model was able to compute ETreal with errors less than 5%. Also, Rn was calculated with a relative absolute error and a mean deviation lower than 6% and 0.07 mm d-1, respectively, using Rgi or Rge. Daily soil heat flux values equal to zero did not affect the calculation of ETreal values. Thus, the PT model evaluated in this study could be used for scheduling irrigation for a greenhouse tomato crop, using internal measurements of air temperature and relative humidity, and external measurements of solar radiation. In this case, PT model predicted the ETreal with an error of 6.1%.Se evaluó el comportamiento del modelo de Priestley-Taylor (PT para la estimación de la evapotranspiración real (ETreal de un cultivo de tomates (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. en condiciones de invernadero. La radiación neta incorporada en el modelo de PT fue calculada usando variables meteorológicas clásicas. Para este experimento, una estación meteorol

Los efectos del tipo de cambio en el mercado de tomate en la zona del tlcan, 2005-2008

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Mercedes Borja Bravo

2014-01-01

Full Text Available México exportó 921 mil toneladas de tomate rojo al mercado de Estados Unidos de 2005 a 2008, lo que cubrió casi 90 por ciento de sus importaciones. Para analizar los efectos de modificaciones en la tasa de cambio sobre la competitividad de estas exportaciones mexicanas, se validó un modelo de equilibrio espacial e intertemporal, y los resultados indican que una apreciación del peso las disminuiría, mientras que una depreciación las aumentaría, ya que desplazaría la producción doméstica de ese país y las importaciones de Canadá. Se concluye que la depreciación del peso tiene gran impacto sobre las corrientes comerciales del tomate en el mercado del Tratado de Libre Comercio de América del Norte, por lo cual es importante asegurar una política cambiaria que procure la estabilidad de la tasa de cambio.

LA PERFORMANCE ECONOMIQUE DE LA FILIERE TOMATE ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

superficies (et donc les rendements) sont parfois différentes selon la source qui les fournit comme le ... La fabrication de double concentré de tomate est obtenue soit à partir de .... A compter de 2001, la taxation à la frontière du triple concentré.

PRODUCCIÓN DE TOMATE DE CÁSCARA (Physalis ixocarpa Brot. BASADO EN LÁMINAS DE RIEGO Y ACOLCHADO PLÁSTICO

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R. López-López

2009-01-01

Full Text Available Entre los principales problemas que limitan el incremento de la producción y la productividad del cultivo de tomate de cáscara, están la disponibilidad y el alto costo del agua de riego, además del uso y manejo ineficiente de este recurso. Los sistemas actuales de producción de tomate de cáscara, tienen baja eficiencia productiva, entre otras causas, porque aplican altos volúmenes de agua por hectárea. En este contexto, se evaluó el efecto de diferentes láminas de riego y acolchado plástico en la producción del cultivo de tomate de cáscara en un sistema de fertirriego y optimizar el agua de riego para mejorar la productividad del cultivo. El diseño experimental fue completamente al azar con tres repeticiones con arreglo de tratamientos factorial 5 x 2, cinco niveles de lámina de riego: 40, 60, 80, 100 y 120 %, de la evapotranspiración de referencia (ET0 calculada con el método de Penman-Monteith y dos niveles sin y con acolchado plástico. Los resultados indican que existen diferencias significativas entre los tratamientos con acolchado plástico y láminas de riego tanto para el rendimiento de frutos como en la productividad del agua. El acolchado plástico incrementó en promedio 56 % el rendimiento de frutos y 57 % la eficiencia del agua de riego al reducir un 60 % la lámina de riego calculada por el método de Penman-Monteith.

Armazenamento sob atmosfera controlada de tomates com injúria interna de impacto

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Moretti Celso Luiz

2002-01-01

Full Text Available A injúria interna de impacto causa redução significativa da qualidade de frutos de tomate. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a utilização do armazenamento sob atmosfera controlada na redução do desenvolvimento de uma desordem de amadurecimento conhecida como injúria interna de impacto. Tomates (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill, cv. Solimar, foram colhidos no estádio de amadurecimento verde-maduro e tratados com etileno, por 12 horas, a 20degreesC. Ao atingirem o estádio verde-rosado, sofreram uma queda de 40 cm de altura sobre uma superfície plana, lisa e maciça. Metade dos frutos foi então armazenada sobre atmosfera controlada (3% O2; 4% CO2; balanço com N2 por 8 dias a 20degreesC e 85-95% de umidade relativa, e então foram transferidos para atmosfera ambiente até completamente maduros. A outra metade dos frutos foi mantida continuamente em atmosfera ambiente à mesma temperatura e umidade relativa. Quando estavam completamente maduros, os frutos que sofreram injúria mecânica, armazenados sob atmosfera controlada e sob atmosfera ambiente, desenvolveram sintomas de injúria interna de impacto no tecido locular. O armazenamento sob atmosfera controlada não produziu efeitos significativos no conteúdo de vitamina C total e carotenóides totais para o pericarpo e o tecido locular injuriados. Entretanto, o tecido locular injuriado do tratamento armazenado sob atmosfera controlada possuía acidez titulável 15% superior (ao redor de 162 meq ácido cítrico. kg-1 do que o tratamento sob atmosfera ambiente (ao redor de 140 meq ácido cítrico. kg-1 e era similar ao tratamento não injuriado, armazenado em atmosfera ambiente (ao redor de 174 meq ácido cítrico. kg-1. O tecido pericárpico da região injuriada possuía atividade da poligalacturonase similar para os tratamentos armazenados sob ar ou sob atmosfera controlada. O extravasamento de eletrólitos do pericarpo injuriado foi similar para os tratamentos sob atmosfera

Cloruro/aniones y sodio/cationes en soluciones nutritivas y composición mineral de cultivares de tomate

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Saúl Parra Terraza

2016-04-01

Full Text Available Problemas de sanidad en suelos del valle de Culiacán ha ocasionado que la siembra de tomate se realice en suelos cercanos a la costa, donde el agua de riego es de menor calidad, por contener concentraciones de cloro (Cl y sodio (Na con riesgo de toxicidad para las plantas o de interactuar con los nutrimentos de la solución nutritiva (SN, reduciendo su disponibilidad. Esta investigación evaluó en invernadero los efectos de relaciones Cl-/aniones y Na+/cationes en la SN sobre las concentraciones de Na, K, Ca y Mg en hojas y tallos de dos cultivares de tomate (Solanum lycopersicum L. cvs. Polaris e ISIS. El diseño experimental fue completamente al azar con arreglo factorial 32, con cuatro repeticiones. Los factores fueron: 1 relación Cl-/aniones (25, 50 y 75/100, y 2 relación Na+/cationes (25, 50 y 75/100. Se realizó un análisis de varianza y las medias de los tratamientos se compararon con la prueba de Tukey (P ≤ 0.05. En hojas del cultivar ISIS, la combinación 75/100 Na+/cationes y 25/100 Cl-/aniones aumentó la concentración de Na, mientras que las combinaciones 75/100 Na+/cationes con 25, 50 y 75/100 Cl-/aniones redujeron la concentración de K. La relación 75/100 Cl-/aniones en la SN redujo las concentraciones de Na, K, Ca y Mg en hojas del cultivar Polaris, y de Na, Ca y Mg en tallos de cultivar ISIS. La relación 75/100 Na+/cationes en la SN incrementó las concentraciones de Na en hojas y tallos de cultivar Polaris y disminuyó las concentraciones de Ca y Mg en hojas de cultivar ISIS. Los resultados de este estudio indican que una proporción de 75% de Cl- en la SN, respecto al total de aniones, y una proporción de 50-75% de Na+, respecto al total de cationes, afectan las concentraciones nutrimentales en hojas y tallos de tomate de cultivares Polaris e ISIS.

Mycorrhizal fungi in tomatoplantless Lycopersicon esculentum Miller Efecto de hongos micorrizogenos en tomate Lycopersicon esculentum Miller

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Sánchez de Prager Marina

1995-12-01

Full Text Available

Two soils from Cauca Department (Colombia were pasteurized; soil analysis showed that they contained 3.0 and 9.0 ppm P, pH 4.8 and 6.2, respectively. They were fertilized with 0, 30 and 60 kg P/ha. Tomato plantlets var. Chonto Santa Cruz were inoculated with 11 VAM isolates of the CIAT VAM fungal germplasm and one VAM native fungi. Plantlets were grown in pots. Fifty two days after plants were harvested and height, dry matter, tissue analysis tor N, P, K, Ca, Mg and B was performed; fungus infection and health were determined. The statistical analysis showed that the major differences in this bioassay were due to a type of soils and their nutritional conditions. Plant dry matter and height increased with the increased levels of fertilizer. Best grow results were obtained with 60 kg P/ha. Dry matter, heigth and nutrient uptake (N, P, K, Ca and B were significantly different between introduced VAM and the native fungi. VAM fungi isolates had different behavior in each soil. This confirmed the soil influence in the symbiosis effectiveness.

En condiciones de invernadero, en dos suelos del Departamento del Cauca (Colombia, previamente pasteurizados, con contenidos de P de 3.0 y 9.0 ppm y pH de 4.8 y 6.2 respectivamente, sujetos a fertilización con O, 30 y 60 kg de P/ha, se probaron 11 cepas de hongos micorrizógenos provenientes de diferentes regiones del país y con la flora nativa de cada suelo. Las plantas se cosecharon a los 52 días de transplante y se les determinó altura, materia seca, análisis foliar de N, P, K. Ca, Mg y B, infección por hongos micorrizógenos y sanidad del cultivo. Las mayores diferencias en este ensayo se debieron al tipo de suelo y sus condiciones nutricionales. La materia seca y altura de las plantas aumentaron en ambos suelos, al incrementarse la fertilización, los mejores resultados en desarrollo vegetativo y reproductivo ocurrieron con 60 kg de P/ha. En materia seca, altura y absorción de N, P, K, Ca, y

Mejoras tecnológica para las producciones más limpias de tomate (Solanum lycopersicum l. en tecnología de cultivo protegido

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Yoandris Socarrás

2018-04-01

Full Text Available La presente investigación se realizó con el objetivo de evaluar mejoras tecnológicas para la producción más limpias de tomate en tecnología protegidos. Se evaluaron tres variantes (0,1 y 2 tecnológicas de producción de tomate y se tuvieron en cuenta todas las materias primas utilizadas en la producción de tomate, desde la fase de semillero del cultivo hasta la cosecha, en una casa de cultivo protegido modelo tropical con 900m2 en la Empresa Cítrico Arimao en el municipio Cumanayagua, provincia Cienfuegos. Se utilizó la metodología del Análisis de Ciclo de Vida (ACV, se empleó el método CML, con el software Sima Pro 7.1. Como resultado se obtuvo que la variante dos es la mejor de todas reduciendo el impacto ambiental en un 7,33 %.En el análisis por categorías la de mayor contribución al impacto ambiental es la ecotoxicidad en ecosistemas acuáticos, la sustancia que más influencia tuvo es el fluoruro de hidrógeno con valores 12101.13 kg. En la categoría agotamiento de los recursos abióticos el petróleo y gas natural fueron los compuestos orgánicos que mayor contribución tuvieron. El óxido de azufre es la sustancia de mayor contribución en la categoría acidificación. En la categoría calentamiento global la sustancia que mayor contribución tuvo al medio ambiente es el dióxido de carbono alcanzado un valor total de 272.56 kg. Desde el punto de vista económico financiero la variante dos es la más rentable de todas. Palabras clave: Análisis de Ciclo de Vida, tecnología protegida, cultivo tomate.

Inducción de algunos mecanismos de resistencia en tomate por la aplicación de trichoderma asperellum tc74 para el manejo de fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici raza 3

OpenAIRE

Medellin Muñoz, Miguel Felipe

2016-01-01

Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici raza 3 (FOLR3) causa severos daños en el cultivo de tomate. Una alternativa al control químico es el uso de especies del género Trichoderma, que inducen en plantas la actividad de las enzimas glucanasas y quitinasas para la defensa contra patógenos. En este trabajo se evaluó el efecto de la inoculación de Trichoderma asperellum cepa (Tc74) en la germinación de semillas de tomate variedad Sun 7705 y en la actividad de glucanasas y quitinasas, y su relación...

Callus formation and organogenesis of tomato (Lycopersicon ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

USER

2010-07-12

Jul 12, 2010 ... propagated plants upon transfer to soil under natural conditions. ... Effect of high temperature and heat shock on tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill) genotypes .... Modulation of mineral and fatty acid profiles during ...

Inoculación al suelo con Pseudomonas fluorescens, Azospirillum oryzae, Bacillus subtilis y microorganismos de montaña (mm y su efecto sobre un sistema de rotación soya-tomate bajo condiciones de invernadero

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Leida Castro Barquero

2015-11-01

Full Text Available Se evaluó un sistema de rotación soyatomate, con incorporación de biomasa verde y aplicación de inóculos microbianos individuales y en mezcla sobre el crecimiento de las plantas y propiedades edáficas; para ello se evaluaron en invernadero por 24 meses los siguientes 9 tratamientos: solo tomate (T; rotación tomate-soya (TS; rotación tomate-soya con inoculaciones individuales de Azospirillum oryzae (A; de Pseudomonas fluorescens (P; de Bacillus subtilis (B; de microorganismos de montaña (MM; y las inoculaciones en mezcla de B. subtilis y P. fluorescens (BP; de B. subtilis, P. fluorescens y A. oryzae (BPA; de B. subtilis, P. fluorescens, Azospirillum sp. y MM (BPAMM. Se evaluaron las variables físicas: densidad aparente y de partículas; conductividad hidráulica; poros totales; estabilidad de agregados; resistencia a la penetración (RP; las variables químicas: pH; conductividad eléctrica; contenido de N y C; relación C/N; contenido de nutrientes en suelos y foliares; las variables biológicas: respiración de suelos, unidades formadoras de colonias de hongos, bacterias y actinomicetos y el peso fresco y seco foliar. Las variables físicas no fueron afectadas por los tratamientos, con excepción de RP, que fue mayor en el tratamiento T. Las variables biológicas y químicas fueron sensibles a los tratamientos, con valores significativamente más altos en presencia de MM. Destaca el incremento del P en solución de suelo en tratamientos a los que se adicionó MM: pasó de 6 a 20 mg.l-1; esta condición se reflejó además en la cantidad de P en el tejido foliar al final del ensayo. Se determinó que el pH, CE y la respiración del suelo fueron afectados por la interacción entre los tratamientos aplicados y el tiempo transcurrido; los mayores valores se obtuvieron al final del ensayo y en los tratamientos con MM.

PEMANFAATAN LIMBAH PEPAYA (Carica papaya L DAN TOMAT (Solanum lycopersicum L UNTUK MEMPERCEPAT PENGOMPOSAN SAMPAH ORGANIK

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Aji Baharudin

2017-04-01

Full Text Available Salah satu penanganan sampah organik adalah memaanfaatkannya menjadi bahan baku kom-pos. Dalam penelitian ini, untuk mempercepat waktu pengomposan,digunakan limbah pepaya dan limbah tomat sebagai inokulan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui jenis inokulan yang lebih efektif di antara dua jenis limbah buah tersebut, melalui eksperimen yang mengguna-kan rancangan post test only group. Obyek penelitian adalah sampah organik yang berasal dari halaman Asrama I Poltekkes Kemenkes Yogyakarta sebanyak 60 kg yang diperoleh dengan me-toda integrated sampling, sedangkan sampah limbah pepaya dan tomat sebanyak 2 kg yang di-peroleh dari Pasar Serangan, diambil dengan metoda purposive sampling. Berdasarkan indika-tor kompos matang, dari lima kali ulangan, rata-rata waktu terbentuknya kompos pada kelompok perlakuan dengan inokulan limbah pepaya adalah selama 32,3 hari dan inokulan limbah tomat selama 31,7 hari. Hasil uji statistik dengan t-test bebas memperoleh nilai p < 0,001 yang berarti bahwa perbedaan lama waktu pengomposan antara kedua inokulan tersebut memang bermak-na. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa limbah tomat lebih efektif dan cepat dibandingkan dengan limbah pepaya dalam mempercepat proses pengomposan.

Manejo automático de malla sombra y del riego en un invernadero con tomates

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Federico Hahn

2011-01-01

Full Text Available Los invernaderos son utilizados para muchas aplicaciones, no solo cultivos. Invernaderos automatizados requieren de un controlador que abra y cierre mallas reduciendo la radiación incidente evitando una evapotranspiración excesiva del cultivo. Este trabajo contempla el desarrollo de un controlador de mallas y de irrigación aplicada en función a la radiación incidente ahorrando 35% de agua en tiempo de lluvias; con nubes o con la radiación lunar nocturna no se enciende la bomba. Las mallas permanecían cerradas durante la noche abriéndose al amanecer cuando la radiación era baja. En el experimento realizado con tomates dentro de un invernadero se utilizaron meses intercalados para analizar la operación manual de mallas y la operación automática de las mismas. La radiación incidente en las plantas fue máxima en Mayo y Agosto meses en que no se usaron mallas de sombreo. En Agosto la temperatura del aire aumentó arriba de 28°C reduciendo en un 50% el tamaño de las frutas. La temperatura de los frutos disminuyó 2.5°C con el uso de mallas reduciendo el agrietamiento en el tomate.

QRLs for tomato powdery mildew resisance (Oidium lycopersici) in Lycopersicon parviflorum G1.1601 colocalize with two qualitative powdery mildew resistance genes

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Bai, Y.; Huang, C.C.; Hulst, van der R.G.M.; Meijer-Dekens, R.G.; Bonnema, A.B.; Lindhout, W.H.

2003-01-01

Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) is susceptible to the powdery mildew Oidium lycopersici, but several wild relatives such as Lycopersicon parviflorum G1.1601 are completely resistant. An F-2 population from a cross of Lycopersicon esculentum cv. Moneymaker x Lycopersicon parviflorum G1.1601 was used

Aplicación de cubierta de cama con plástico polietileno en la producción de tomate orgánico (Solanum lycopersicum l.) variedad río grande, como alternativa de sostenibilidad medioambiental Pucallpa – 2015

OpenAIRE

Chuyma Tomaylla, Manuel Mario

2015-01-01

El presente trabajo trata de los aspectos más trascendentales del tratamiento de camas de cultivo con el uso del polietileno como acolchado en el cultivo del tomate, el cual es un aporte al ámbito del desarrollo sostenible medioambiental y agrícola, tiene como objetivo: Determinar el efecto de la cubierta de cama con polietileno en la producción de tomate orgánico (Solanum lycopersicum L.) variedad río grande, bajo condiciones de Pucallpa-2015. Los resultados mostraron que las camas con acolc...

Selección de variedades de tomate exportable a Estados Unidos: aplicación del modelo de Markowitz para la disminución del riesgo

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Carlos Borbón Morales

2012-01-01

Full Text Available El tomate es la hortaliza más difundida y la de mayor valor económico. La demanda de este producto aumenta constantemente y con ella el monto producido por año. El cultivo del tomate, su procesamiento y venta están influenciados por aspectos económicos, ambientales y financieros. La viabilidad económica se ve afectada, ya que no solo depende de los cambios en las variables macroeconómicas como el tipo de cambio y el precio internacional, sino también de cambios en las condiciones climáticas y costo del paquete tecnológico, entre otras. El agricultor debe elegir las variedades y los tipos de empaque en los cuales invertirá, pues de ello dependerá el margen de utilidad que se obtendrá al finalizar el ciclo.

Análisis de ruta de tomate Cherry en poscosecha

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Moreira Sobreira Fábio

2009-12-01

Full Text Available

El objetivo de este trabajo fue analizar las principales variables asociadas a la resistencia poscosecha del tomate Cherry (tomate tipo cereza (Solanum lycopersicum var. cerasiforme, y con base en ello, orientar la selección de materiales para programas de mejoramiento. Se utilizó un diseño experimental en bloques completos aleatorizados, con tres repeticiones y 10 frutos por parcela. Para el análisis de los datos se adoptó un diagrama causal ilustrativo, considerando la resistencia poscosecha como variable básica, y las siguientes variables explicativas: peso medio de los frutos, diámetro de la cicatriz del pedúnculo, grosor del mesocarpio, contenido de sólidos solubles y pH. Se realizaron análisis de varianza, correlaciones genotípicas y multicolinealidad; y desdoblamiento de las correlaciones genotípicas por medio de análisis de ruta (portugués: "análise de trilha". Considerando separadamente los caracteres estudiados, el grosor del mesocarpio y el peso medio de los frutos son los que contribuyen en una mayor medida a explicar las variaciones en la resistencia poscosecha del tomate Cherry. Es posible obtener ganancias en resistencia poscosecha por medio de selección indirecta vía grosor del mesocarpio. Esta ganancia será mayor si entre los frutos de mayor grosor del mesocarpio se seleccionan los que presentan menor peso.

Mycorrhizal Dependency and Response of Tomato ( Lycopersicon ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

A pot experiment was conducted on tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) to evaluate the responses of tomato to inoculation of mycorrhiza (AMF) under different levels of soil phosphorus (P) concentrations in a greenhouse study. The results showed different responses on dry matter yield, shoot phosphorus concentration, ...

Uso de sustratos orgánicos para la producción de tomate en invernadero

OpenAIRE

Márquez Hernández, Cándido; Cano Ríos, Pedro; Rodríguez Dimas, Norma

2008-01-01

La producción orgánica de alimentos es una alternativa para los consumidores que prefieren alimentos libres de plaguicidas y fertilizantes sintéticos, inocuos y con un alto valor nutricional. No obstante, la Certificación orgánica indica un período de transición de tres a cinco años sin aplicación de ningún producto sintético al suelo, período que la mayoría de los productores, no están dispuestos a aceptar, porque implica arriesgar el capital. Por otro lado, el tomate orgánico en México alca...

Attenuated Lead Induced Apoptosis in Rat Hepatocytes in the Presence of Lycopersicon Esculentum

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Hamidreza Ahmadi Ashtiani

2016-05-01

Full Text Available Lead (Pb, has, for decades, being known for its adverse effects on various body organs and systems. In the present study, the damage of Pb on the Liver tissue apoptosis was investigated, and Lycopersicon esculentum as an antioxidants source was administered orally to prevent the adverse effects of Pb. Eighteen Wistar rats, randomized into three groups (n=6, were used for this study. Animals in Group A served as the control and were drinking distilled water. Animals in Groups B and C were drinking 1%Lead acetate (LA. Group C animals were, in addition to drinking LA, treated with 1.5 ml/day of Lycopersicon esculentum. Treatments were for three months. The obtained results showed that lead acetate caused significant reductions in the liver weight, plasma and tissue superoxide dismutase and catalase activity, but a significant increase in plasma and tissue malondialdehyde concentration but Lycopersicon esculentum have an inhibitory effect on LA liver adverse effect. So, it can be concluded that Lycopersicon esculentum have a significant protective effect on liver lead acetate adverse effects as well as, lead acetate -induced oxidative stress.

Crescimento e produção de tomate cereja em sistema hidropônico com rejeito de dessalinização Cherry tomato growth and yield in soilless system using wastewater from desalination process

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Jonath Werissimo da Silva Gomes

2011-12-01

Full Text Available A produtividade agrícola sustentável é o maior desafio nas regiões áridas e semiáridas por causa da escassez de água para irrigação, sendo comum o uso de água salobra para irrigação. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar a resposta do tomate cereja (Lycopersicon esculentum L., cv. Samambaia sob quatro níveis de salinidade da solução nutritiva com adição de rejeito salino em sistema de produção hidropônico. As plantas de tomate foram cultivadas em vasos com substrato de fibra de coco e irrigadas com soluções nutritivas preparadas com água de abastecimento e com águas salinas preparadas diluindo-se água de rejeito coletado em um dessalinizador a 75%; 50% e 25% e 0%, correspondendo à condutividades elétricas de 2,1; 3,55; 4,88, 6,02 e 6,96 dS m-1, respectivamente. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, com 5 tratamentos (níveis de salinidade da solução nutritiva e quatro repetições. A altura e a massa seca das plantas reduziram com o aumento da salinidade da água de irrigação. O consumo hídrico da cultura foi influenciada pela adição de rejeito salino na solução nutritiva e a salinidade limiar, considerando-se a produtividade da cultura, ficou em torno de 3,51 dS m-1. A adição de até 25% de rejeito de dessalinizador (diluição de 75% à solução nutritiva permite o cultivo do tomate cereja, cv. 'Samambaia', sem haver redução na produtividade.Sustainable agricultural production is the most challenge facing many arid and semiarid regions due to the severe shortage of water for irrigation, thus the use of saline water for irrigation is common. The aim of this research was to examine the response of cherry tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L., cv. Samambaia under four levels of salinity of the nutritional solution with added water reject from desalting under soilless conditions. Plants were grown in pots filled with coconut fiber and irrigated with nutrient solutions prepared with tap

EFECTO DE UN BIORREGULADOR A BASE DE AUXINAS SOBRE EL CRECIMIENTO DE PLANTINES DE TOMATE

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Graciela Cuesta

2014-01-01

Full Text Available La producción de plántulas de tomate en bandejas alveoladas ha aumentado, ya que por llevar el sistema radicular protegido en un cepellón se reduce el estrés del trasplante. Un mayor desarrollo radicular favorece el establecimiento en campo. La producción de raíces puede ser promovida por la acción de auxinas por lo que en este trabajo se propuso evaluar el efecto de un biorregulador con base en auxinas sintéticas sobre el crecimiento de plantas de tomate en bandejas alveoladas. El ensayo se realizó en un vivero comercial, en San Juan, Argentina. Se utilizó el cultivar AC 55. La siembra se realizó en bandejas con celdas de 36 cm 3 . El biorregulador fue una formulación comercial que contiene 0.12 % de ácido indolbutírico y 0.004 % de forclorfenurón. Se probaron cuatro concentraciones del producto (1, 3, 5 y 7 ml · litro -1 y se ensayó un testigo. Se tomaron muestras a los 26, 33, 40 y 47 días después de la siembra. Se midió peso seco de raíz (PSR y parte aérea (PSA, longitud del tallo (LT, número de hojas mayores a 1 cm (NH y longitud de la tercera hoja (LH. Se utilizó un diseño completamente al azar con cuatro repeticiones. Las mayores dosis aplicadas permitieron aumentar el peso seco de las raíces entre 36 y 39 % respecto al testigo. La regresión entre peso seco de raíz y dosis aplicada indica que podría haber respuesta a dosis mayores. No se observó efecto sobre el crecimiento en la parte aérea de la planta.

Evaluación del crecimiento y productividad del tomate (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill bajo cultivo protegido en tres localidades de Costa Rica

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Carlos Ramírez Vargas

2012-05-01

Full Text Available Mediante un experimento, se evaluó el crecimien- to y la productividad de tres genotipos de tomate en tres localidades de Costa Rica con un sistema de cultivo protegido (San Blas de Carrillo en la pro- vincia de Guanacaste; Santa Clara de San Carlos en la Provincia de alajuela y también en Zapote de Zarcero en la provincia de alajuela. Se evaluaron 19 variables fisiológicas de crecimiento y produc- tividad para nueve tratamientos o interacciones. A los datos obtenidos se les hizo un análisis de com- ponentes principales y como resultado de este aná- lisis se seleccionaron los dos primeros componentes que explican más del 70% de la variabilidad total, también se determinó que el componente princi- pal 1 explica el crecimiento del cultivo, y su variable representativa fue el peso seco de tallos; mientras que el componente 2 representa el rendimiento, y su variable representativa fue el peso seco de frutos. Se encontró también interacción de los genotipos con los ambientes pese a ser cultivados en inverna- dero, lo que demuestra una adaptación específica de los genotipos a las localidades que mostraron datos climáticos diferentes. La productividad de los geno- tipos también fue influenciada por los ambientes, sin embargo, no superaron los diez kilogramos de fruta fresca por planta.

Papel dos tricomas glandulares da folha do tomateiro na oviposição de Tuta absoluta Role of tomato leaf glandular trichomes on oviposition of Tuta absoluta

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Elsa Gilardón

2001-03-01

Full Text Available Os tricomas glandulares presentes nas folhas e ramos das plantas do gênero Lycopersicon são responsáveis pela secreção de metabólitos de diferentes naturezas. A presença de alguns desses compostos tem sido associada à resistência do tomate a diferentes insetos. A traça-do-tomateiro, Tuta absoluta (Meyrick, é uma das pragas mais nocivas da América do Sul. O adulto oviposita sobre as folhas do tomate e suas larvas abrem galerias no mesófilo das folhas, ramos, flores e frutos. As espécies silvestres do tomate conservam a capacidade de biossintetizar compostos químicos que lhes conferem resistência a esta praga. No presente trabalho, foi avaliada a preferência para oviposição desse inseto sobre folhas com e sem tricomas glandulares de L. esculentum (Mill. cv. Uco Plata, suscetível, e de L. hirsutum f. glabratum (Mull. PI 134417, espécie silvestre afim ao tomate, e resistente à traça. Os resultados sugerem que as fêmeas ovipositam indistintamente sobre as folhas de ambas espécies, independentemente da presença, ou não, dos tricomas glandulares. E a presença destes e de seus exsudatos não têm efeito inibidor na oviposição do inseto.In the genus Lycopersicon, different metabolites are secreted by the glandular trichomes of leaves and stems. These compounds have been associated to different tomato pests resistance. The South American tomato pinworm, Tuta absoluta (Meyrick, is one of the most harmful pests in South America. The females oviposit on tomato leaves and the larvae mine the leaf mesophyl, stems, flowers and fruits. Some wild accessions of Lycopersicon keep their capacity to synthesize allelochemicals that protect them from the pest. In this paper a comparison was made between the tomato pinworm oviposition on leaves with and without trichomes of L. esculentum (Mill. cv. Uco Plata, a susceptible cultivar, and L. hirsutum f. glabratum (Mull. PI 134417, a resistant wild accession. Results suggest that the female

UJI POTENSI Gliocladium sp TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN PRODUKSI TANAMAN TOMAT

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Lina Herlina

2013-09-01

Full Text Available AbstrakMikroorganisme tanah seperti Gliocladium sp dapat bertindak sebagai dekomposer dan juga sebagai agen pengendali hayati patogen tanaman hal ini memberikan harapan untuk mengurangi penggunaan pupuk dan fungisida sintetik. Tujuan penelitian untuk menguji potensi biofertililzer Gliocladium sp terhadap pertumbuhan dan produksi buah tomat. Variabel bebas yaitu bioferlizer Gliocladium sp  dengan dosis (g/tanaman 0,50, 100, 150, dan 200 .Variabel tergantung adalah pertumbuhan dan produksi tanaman tomat. Parameter pertumbuhan yang diukur adalah  tinggi tanaman, kandungan klorofil a dan b. Parameter hasil tanaman yang diukur adalah berat buah setelah panen. Hasil uji Anava satu jalan menunjukkan bahwa pemberian Gliocladium sp perpengaruh terhadap tinggi tanaman, kandungan klorofil a dan klorofil b, berat tomat  . Hasil uji lanjut Duncan menunjukkan bahwa dosis 100, g 150 g dan 200 g tidak berbeda signifikan terhadap tinggi tanaman, dosis 150g dan 200 g tidak berbedan nyata dalam pembentukan klorofil a dan klorofil b. Pemberian Gliocladium dosis 150g paling tinggi terhadap berat buah. Simpulan dalam penelitian ini bahwa pemberian Gliokompos sp berpengaruh terhadap pertumbuhan dan produksi buah tomat. AbstractSoil microorganisms such as Gliocladium sp. can play role in the decomposition and can also become the biological control of pathogenic plants. The animal is potentially reduce the use of fertilizers and synthetic fungidid. The aim of the study was to test the potential effect of biofertililzer Gliocladium sp. on the growth and production of tomatoes. The independent variables was biofertilizer Gliocladium sp. at various dosages (g/plant of 0, 50, 100, 150, dan 200. The dependent variables were the growth and the production of tomatoes. The growth parameter measured were plant height, as well as a and b chlorophyl contents.  The crop parameter was the fruit weight post-harvest.  A one-way anova showed that Gliocladium sp. affected the

Primera cita del desarrollo de Aleyrodes proletella (Linnaeus, 1758) en plantas de tomate bajo condiciones controladas

OpenAIRE

Alonso, D.; Gómez, Azahara A.; Nombela, Gloria; Muñiz, Mariano

2007-01-01

La mosca blanca de la col, Aleyrodes proletella, causa graves daños en cultivos de brassicas pero no existen referencias hasta la fecha sobre su desarrollo eficaz y continuado en tomate. Tras la observación de la presencia accidental de adultos de esta especie en plantas de tomate (cv Moneymaker), se realizaron dos experimentos en condiciones controladas de laboratorio para analizar su desarrollo en estas plantas. En uno de ellos se introdujeron hembras fértiles de A. proletella en "cajas-pin...

Calidad en frutos de tomate (Solanum lycopersicum L.) cosechados en diferentes estados de madurez

OpenAIRE

Casierra-Posada Fánor; Aguilar Avendaño Óscar

2008-01-01

El tomate es una de las hortalizas de más alto volumen de consumo en fresco; sus pérdidas en la comercialización suelen comenzar en la cosecha y van hasta la poscosecha a través del manejo. El experimento se realizó en Tunja (Colombia) con el objetivo de evaluar cambios en la calidad en frutos de tomate, dependientes de los diferentes estados de madurez en que fueron cosechados. Los frutos se seleccionaron de acuerdo con su porcentaje de coloración verde y roja. Los h...

Processamento de conservas de tomates orgânicos desidratados: Uma alternativa para agricultura familiar

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Karen Rodrigues Romano

2013-09-01

Full Text Available A demanda por alimentos mais saudáveis têm crescido rapidamente e a desidratação aplicada aos alimentos orgânicos têm se apresentado como uma ferramenta tecnológica importante para o desenvolvimento de produtos mantendo a integridade orgânica. O tomate que apresenta produção e consumo mais difundidos no mundo, quer in natura ou processado, é altamente perecível, com perdas estimadas entre 25 a 50% da produção. Sendo assim, esta pesquisa objetivou a realização do processamento de tomates orgânicos desidratados em conservas obtidos a partir de dois diferentes equipamentos (desidratador e forno doméstico, com utilização de padrões para a pequena agroindústria e artesanais. Utilizaram-se três variedades de tomates orgânicos (Forty, Andrea e Perinha. Estes foram desidratados e em seguida foram processados na forma de conservas com uso de azeite de oliva como líquido de cobertura e condimentos orgânicos. Os resultados apresentaram produtos com umidade média que variou entre 46 a 63%, pH entre 4,07 e 4,31, cinzas entre 1,04 e 1,87%, proteínas entre 3,01 e 3,94%, lipídeos entre 19,77 e 28,17%, carboidratos entre 12,16 e 23,63% e VCT entre 241 e 348 calorias/100g. A análise sensorial e a intenção de compra demonstraram que as conservas de tomates orgânicos desidratados nos dois equipamentos apresentaram características sensorialmente adequadas para consumo e a comercialização, o que permite afirmar que é uma excelente alternativa para a agricultura familiar.  

The inheritance of chilling tolerance in tomato (Lycopersicon spp.)

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Venema, JH; Linger, P; van Heusden, AW; van Hasselt, PR; Brueggemann, W

During the past 25 years, chilling tolerance of the cultivated (chilling-sensitive) tomato Lycopersicon esculentum and its wild, chilling-tolerant relatives L. peruvianum and L. hirsutum (and, less intensively studied, L. chilense) has been the object of several investigations. The final aim of

Fenología de la floración en tomate cultivado y especies silvestres relacionadas Flowering phenology in cultivated tomato and related wild species

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Edwin Fernando Restrepo Salazar

2008-06-01

Full Text Available En un diseño experimental de bloques completos al azar se comparó la fenología de la floración de doce accesiones silvestres de Solanum sección Lycopersicum con la del tomate cultivado tipo “chonto”. Los tratamientos se repitieron tres veces. Se evaluó la aparición de las 12 primeras inflorescencias y el tipo de inflorescencia. Las fenologías de las accesiones de la variedad glabratum de S. habrochaites (PI 134417, PI134418 y PI126449, las accesiones LA1624, LA2092 de la variedad typicum de S. habrochaites y la accesión LA 444-1 de S. peruvianum coincidieron con la del tomate “chonto”. No se presentaron diferencias significativas en la variable días a inicio de floración entre las accesiones de la variedad glabratum y el tomate cultivado. Las accesiones de la variedad glabratum de S. habrochaites y el tomate cultivado presentaron inflorescencias simples; mientras que las accesiones de la variedad typicum de S. habrochaites y de la especie S. peruvianum presentaron inflorescencias bifurcadas.The flowering phenology of twelve wild accesions of Solanum section Lycopersicum were compared with those of the cultivated tomato type of “chonto” by using the randomized complete block design. The treatments were repeated three times. The appearance initiate of the first twelve inflorescences and kind of inflorescence were evaluated. The phenologies of the accesions of the glabratum variety from S. habrochaites (PI 134417, PI134418 y PI126449, LA1624 y LA2092 of the typicum variety from S. habrochaites and LA 444-1 from S. peruvianum coincided with those of the “chonto” tomato. There were no significant differences between the glabratum variety accessions and cultivated tomato in the starting days of flowering variable. The accesions of the glabratum variety from S. habrochaites and the cultivated tomato presented simple inflorescences; while the accesions of the typicum variety from S. habrochaites and S. peruvianum specie showed

Tomate longa vida desidratado em diferentes temperaturas de secagem = Drying of tomato at different temperatures

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Aurélio Vinicius Borsato

2007-01-01

Full Text Available A demanda no consumo de tomate desidratado cresceu nos últimos anos,principalmente pela justificativa de que o tomate contém substâncias bioativas. A pesquisa realizada objetivou avaliar três condições de secagem (80oC; 100oC; 100oC por 3h seguida de 80oC, aplicadas ao tomate longa vida cv. Carmem para obtenção de produto desidratadocom umidade residual projetada para 60% do seu peso. Foi usado um secador de pouca capacidade, contendo circulação forçada de ar e cinco bandejas. Os tomates frescos, fatiados e inteiros, renderam em peso de produto desidratado 12,2-13,6% e 7,5-8,5%, respectivamente. O tratamento que aplicou a temperatura de 100ºC por 3h seguida de 80ºCpor 4h e 24min, com a porta fechada do secador, resultou em produto desidratado de boa aparência e sem nenhuma fatia queimada, por isso foi o recomendado para a secagem de fatias de tomate longa vida a cv. Carmem.The demand for the consumption of dried tomatoes has grown in recent years, especially under the justification that tomatoes contain allegedly healthy bioactive substances. The research aimed to evaluatethree drying conditions (80oC; 100oC; 100oC for 3h followed by 80oC applied to cv. Carmem long-life tomatoes in order to obtain a dehydrated product with a projected residual humidity of 60% in weight. A small-capacity dryer was used, equipped with forcedaircirculation and five trays. The fresh tomatoes, both sliced and whole, yielded 12.2-13.6% and 7.5-8.5% in weight of dehydrated product, respectively. The treatment consisting in the application of a temperature of 100ºC for 3h followed by 80ºC for 4h and 24min, with the door of the dryer closed, resulted in a dehydrated product with good appearance and without any burned slices; therefore, it was recommended for drying cv. Carmem long-life tomato slices.

Influencia del nitrógeno en la producción del tomate (Lycopersicum esculentum L sembrado en sustrato en Sutamarchán (Boyacá

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Leidy Natalia Cuadrado-García

2015-04-01

Full Text Available El nitrógeno es necesario para las plantas, pero debido a la ineficacia de estas para absorberlo, tan solo un bajo porcentaje es asimilado, y el restante es liberado al ambiente. El trabajo que aquí se presenta se enfocó en determinar la dinámica del nitrógeno en la producción de tomate hidropónico con sistema de drenaje abierto y bajo condiciones de invernadero en la finca Hortifresh S.A., ubicada en el municipio de Sutamarchán (Boyacá. Para el desarrollo de este trabajo se realizaron semanalmente muestreos de la solución nutritiva, del sustrato utilizado, del agua de drenaje y del material vegetal (tallo, hojas y frutos, con el fin de determinar la concentración de nitrógeno aprovechable por la planta en el cultivo de tomate hidropónico. Los contenidos de N aplicados a la planta, expresados en relación con la acumulación total, fueron de 37,93 g, que equivalen al 100% del N aplicado. Del N total aplicado, el 0,6% (0,22051 g es drenado, el 36% (13,665 g es absorbido por la planta y el restante 63,4% (24,049 g se acumula en el sustrato. Que solo el 36% del N aplicado sea asimilado por la planta, según la investigación, indica que se debe reducir la aplicación de fertilizantes nitrogenados y hacer uso racional del suministro de nutrientes que el cultivo de tomate necesita, con el propósito de reducir el impacto ambiental y optimizar el aprovechamiento de los recursos; en este sentido, la investigación sobre el mejor manejo de la fertirrigación en sistemas hidropónicos con recirculación contribuirá a un desarrollo más sostenible de estos.

Cultivo de embriões de tomate in vitro visando a introgressão de genes de Lycopersicon peruvianum em L. esculentum Tomato embryo culture for introgression of genes of Lycopersicon peruvianum in L. esculentum

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Fernando A. S. Aragão

2002-12-01

Full Text Available Estudou-se diferentes protocolos de germinação e manutenção de híbridos interespecíficos (Lycopersicon esculentum X L. peruvianum pela melhoria das condições de cultura in vitro bem como da aclimatação das plantas germinadas. Quanto à regeneração dos embriões, três formulações de meios de cultura para resgate de embrião foram avaliadas, em combinação com distintos períodos de tempo. A recuperação de híbridos interespecíficos foi influenciada pelo meio de cultura utilizado para o plaqueamento das sementes e pelo intervalo entre a polinização artificial e o plaqueamento. O meio HLH proporcionou os melhores resultados. O intervalo entre 25 e 35 dias após a polinização foi determinado como sendo o período ideal para recuperação. Para aclimatização, foram avaliadas plantas de L. esculentum, L. peruvianum, híbridos interespecíficos (F1 e das gerações RC1 e RC2. O processo de aclimatização foi influenciado pelo tamanho das gemas utilizadas na repicagem anterior à aclimatização, pelos materiais genéticos utilizados e pelo tempo de manutencão das plântulas em tubo de ensaio. A geracão F1 apresentou a melhor capacidade de aclimatização. O período ideal para aclimatização variou entre 26 e 35 dias após a repicagem em tubo de ensaio. As aclimatizações realizadas sob condições ambientais amenas, alcançaram êxito total quanto à sobrevivência das plântulas.Three culture media in combination with distinct accessions, crossing generations and periods of time after artificial pollination were evaluated in order to identify more efficient protocols to recover interspecific hybrids between Lycopersicon esculentum and L. peruvianum. Both type of media for seed plating and the interval time for fruit harvest after artificial pollination had significant influence on the recovery of interspecific hybrids. The HLH medium gave the best results. The interval between 25 and 35 days after the artificial

Morphogical effects of sodium azide on tomato ( Lycopersicon ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Dry seeds of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentun Mill), varieties T106, T244 and T420 obtained from the Institute of Agriculture Research, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, Nigeria were treated with sodium azide at concentrations of 1.0, 2.0 and 4.0 mM aimed at determining the effects of the mutagen on the morphological ...

Cultivo in vitro del tomate de árbol (Cyphomandra betacea (Cav.) Sendt. (Fenotipo naranja) proveniente de Costa Rica

OpenAIRE

Chacón-Cerdas, Randall; Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica; Flores-Mora, Dora; Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica; Alvarado-Marchena, Luis; Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica; Schmidt-Durán, Alexander; Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica; Alvarado-Ulloa, Carlos; Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica

2014-01-01

El tomate de árbol (Cyphomandra betacea) es un frutal de importancia comercial en países como Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador y Perú, donde se consume como fruta fresca y procesada. Tradicionalmente, es propagado por semillas y estacas, y enfrenta problemas de heterogeneidad y calidad de material de siembra. En esta investigación se desarrolló un protocolo para la micropropagación in vitro del tomate de árbol criollo del fenotipo naranja, proveniente de Costa Rica, el cual presenta potencial para ...

Cultivo in vitro del tomate de árbol (Cyphomandra betacea (Cav.) Sendt. (Fenotipo naranja) proveniente de Costa Rica

OpenAIRE

Randall Chacón-Cerdas; Dora Flores-Mora; Luis Alvarado-Marchena; Alexander Schmidt-Durán; Carlos Alvarado-Ulloa

2014-01-01

El tomate de árbol (Cyphomandra betacea) es un frutal de importancia comercial en países como Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador y Perú, donde se consume como fruta fresca y procesada. Tradicionalmente, es propagado por semillas y estacas, y enfrenta problemas de heterogeneidad y calidad de material de siembra.  En esta investigación se desarrolló un protocolo para la micropropagación in vitro del tomate de árbol criollo del fenotipo naranja, proveniente de Costa Rica, el cual presenta potencial p...

Estudo comparativo do crescimento de plantas de tomate e milho sob condições de salinidade

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Egídio Bezerra Neto

1999-01-01

Full Text Available Plantas de tomate (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill e de milho (Zea maiz L. foram cultivadas em meio hidropônico, em presença de 0 ou 100 mmol de NaCl por litro de solução nutritiva. Trinta dias após o início da aplicação dos tratamentos foi realizada coleta para a análise dos parâmetros de crescimento. A taxa de crescimento absoluto de ambas as espécies diminuiu com a salinidade. O tratamento salino não afetou a alocação de biomassa das folhas, provocou uma diminuição na alocação da biomassa do caule e aumento da alocação da biomassa das raízes das plantas de tomate e de milho. Ocorreu uma redução de 48,01 % na área foliar das plantas de milho e de 58,75 % nas de tomate, devido ao tratamento salino. A razão de área foliar nas plantas de milho foi reduzida em 14,07 % enquanto nas de tomate tratadas com cloreto de sódio aumentou 15,49 %. Os resultados obtidos sugerem que as plantas de milho são mais tolerantes à salinidade que as de tomate.Plants of tomato and maize were grown in hydroponic solution with and without the addition of sodium chloride in order to evaluate some growth parameters of one C3 and one C4 species. After 30 days under the saline stress treatment there was no significant difference between both species regarding to leaf biomass allocation. The stem biomass allocation decreased for both the tomato and the maize plants. This was due to salt treatment, while root biomass allocation increased. The Absolute growth rate was the most affected parameter by the NaCl treatment for which values were obtained for both species. The leaf area also decreased due to the sodium chloride treatment. The leaf area rate increased for the stressed tomato plants, while it tend to decrease for maize plants under saline treatment.

Torta de filtro como biofertilizante para produção de mudas de tomate industrial em diferentes substratos

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Patrícia Coelho de Souza Barros

2014-06-01

Full Text Available A torta de filtro é uma alternativa promissora como matéria prima na complementação dos nutrientes essenciais para o desenvolvimento de mudas de hortaliças. Este trabalho objetivou avaliar o desenvolvimento de mudas de tomate industrial cultivadas em ambiente protegido, aplicando-se diferentes doses de torta de filtro, como biofertilizante, em substrato comercial e solo. Delineamento experimental foi de blocos casualizados com seis tratamentos e sete repetições totalizando 42 parcelas, para cada substrato. Cada unidade experimental consistia de copos com capacidade para 200 mL, nos quais foi incorporada a torta de filtro nas seguintes doses: 0, 2, 4, 6, 8 e 10 Mg ha-1. As variáveis respostas observadas foram: altura de plantas (cm; massa da matéria verde da parte aérea (g; massa seca da parte aérea (g. A utilização da torta de filtro tem efeitos positivos na produção de mudas de tomate industrial. A dose de torta de filtro adicionada ao substrato comercial que proporcionou o melhor desenvolvimento de mudas de tomate industrial é de 6,5 Mg ha-1. Com este ensaio, não foi possível atingir a dose ótima de torta de filtro, a qual representa o melhor desenvolvimento de mudas de tomate industrial, quando cultivado em solo, sugerindo o uso de doses maiores em experimentos posteriores.

Evaluación de acolchados para el control de la flora arvense en un cultivo de tomate: dos años de resultados

OpenAIRE

Cirujeda Ranzenberger, Alicia; Aibar Lete, Joaquín; Zaragoza Larios, Carlos; Anzalone, Alvaro; Gutiérrez López, Miguel; Fernández Cavada Labat, Sonsoles; Pardo Iglesias, Alfonso; Suso Martínez de Bujo, María Luisa; Royo, A.; Martín, L.; Moreno, M.M.; Moreno, A.; Meco, R.; Lahoz, I.; Macua, J.I.

2008-01-01

En el presente proyecto se estudian alternativas al uso de acolchado plástico con polietileno, el cual es un residuo de difícil gestión tanto en producción hortícola ecológica como en convencional. Durante los años 2006 y 2007 se han llevado a cabo diez ensayos de campo en tomate de industria regado por goteo en cinco distintos lugares de España. Se han ensayado diferentes materiales biodegradables: dos plásticos biodegradables (Mater-Bi y Biofilm), un plástico oxobiodegradable (Enviroplast),...

Importancia, contribución y estabilidad de antioxidantes en frutos y productos de tomate (Solanum lycopersicum L.

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M. L. Luna-Guevara

2014-01-01

Full Text Available Los antioxidantes (AA son compuestos capaces de inhibir o retardar la oxidación, mediante la “captación” de radicales libres; también estabilizan hidroperóxidos o inactivan el oxígeno singulete. Los frutos de tomate han sido considerados una fuente importante de AA “nutricionales” (vitaminas A, C y E y AA “fitoquímicos no nutritivos” (licopeno, flavonoides, flavonas y compuestos fenólicos totales, cuyo consumo está relacionado con su potencial antimutagénico y propiedades anticancerígenas. Las condiciones ambientales durante el cultivo como: intensidad de luz, pH del suelo, frecuencia de riego, tipo de fertilización, pueden afectar la composición química del fruto. Asimismo, durante la maduración del tomate, se inducen varios cambios metabólicos relacionados con la biosíntesis de compuestos, incluyendo el licopeno y otros carotenoides. También se ha demostrado que ciertas operaciones de manejo post cosecha y procesamiento del tomate (cortado, empacado y almacenado pueden alterar la concentración de micronutrientes (vitaminas y minerales y de compuestos AA. De acuerdo con los antecedentes mencionados, en la presente revisión se abordará la importancia de conocer los factores pre y post cosecha que afectan el contenido de AA en el tomate; asimismo, se destacará la estabilidad de los compuestos fitoquímicos contenidos en frutos sometidos a diferentes condiciones de procesamiento. Esta información resulta útil para la industria de los alimentos, además de fomentar el consumo de compuestos funcionales.

CARACTERIZACIÓN SEROLÓGICA Y MOLECULAR DE POTYVIRUS ASOCIADOS A LA VIROSIS DEL TOMATE DE ARBOL EN ANTIOQUIA (COLOMBIA

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Mariluz Ayala Vásquez

2010-09-01

Full Text Available El tomate de árbol (Solanum betaceum es una fruta andina altamente nutritiva, con propiedades organolépticas únicas para el procesamiento industrial y el mercado internacional. En Antioquia, este cultivo presenta diferentes problemas fitosanitarios, siendo especialmente limitante la Virosis, causada por un complejo viral del que hacen parte entre otras, especies del género Potyvirus. En este trabajo se evaluaron mediante pruebas de ELISA los niveles de incidencia de este grupo viral en cultivos de siete zonas del departamento de Antioquia (Colombia y se determinó la identidad taxonómica de dos de los potyvirus asociados al cultivo. Las pruebas serológicas muestran la presencia de potyvirus en seis de las siete zonas evaluadas, alcanzando niveles superiores al 80% de incidencia, siendo la excepción los cultivos del municipio de Jardín (8%. Pruebas serológicas con anticuerpos específicos para PVY, identificaron a este virus como uno de los presentes en algunas de las muestras sintomáticas colectadas; mientras que análisis de secuencias de amplicones obtenidos mediante RT-PCR, detectaron un nuevo potyvirus, para el que se propone el nombre Tamarillo Leaf Malformation Virus (TaLMV, aunque es necesario completar la secuencia de su genoma para confirmar la validez de esta hipótesis taxonómica. Esta investigación representa un avance importante en el conocimiento que se tiene en Colombia sobre los agentes causales virales del tomate de árbol. Sin embargo, es necesario profundizar en aspectos como los mecanismos de transmisión de estos virus y los efectos individuales y de su interacción sobre las variedades de este cultivo en el país.

Introgressions of Lycopersicon pennellii improve growth and development of greenhouse tomatoes

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Manga Owona, S.

2005-01-01

This thesis focused on the possibilities to improve greenhouse tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum cv. Moneymaker) in terms of yield. The domestic tomato has a very narrow genetic base which makes breeding for better performance a difficult task. The wild, crossable relatives of tomato present the

Trichoderma sp. dalam Pengendalian Penyakit Layu Fusarium pada Tanaman Tomat

OpenAIRE

Novita, Trias

2013-01-01

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peran Trichoderma sp dalam pengendalianpenyakit layu fusarium pada tanaman tomat. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Rumah Kaca FakultasPertanian Universitas Jambi, perlakuannya terdiri dari : t0 = tanpa Trichoderma sp; t1 = 25 gTrichoderma sp/8 kg media; t2 = 50 g Trichoderma sp/8 kg media; t3 = 75 g Trichoderma sp/8 kgmedia; dan t4 = 100 g Trichoderma sp /8 kg media. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Trichodermasp berperan dalam mengendalikan penyakit layu...

Desenvolvimento de tomate de mesa, com o uso do método QFD (Desdobramento da Função Qualidade, comercializado em um supermercado

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Marcos Sissi K.

2002-01-01

Full Text Available Para atender as exigências do consumidor, relativas ao tomate de mesa, oferecendo um produto de qualidade, e reduzir as perdas pós-colheita, aplicou-se o método QFD ao tomate comercializado em um supermercado. Avaliou-se o potencial de uso dessa ferramenta, bem como sua aplicabilidade a um produto hortícola, tendo-se realizado o desdobramento da qualidade, com o trabalho conduzido na loja Carrefour D.Pedro, em Campinas. Desenvolveu-se um produto a partir das características exigidas pelo consumidor, estabelecendo-se como concorrente o tomate 'Carmem'. A cada etapa do método, as decisões foram tomadas após discussões norteadas pelas características inerentes ao produto e suas relações com a metodologia. O lote piloto, com as características exigidas pelos clientes e condizentes com as estratégias da empresa (supermercado, foi avaliado junto aos consumidores e atingiu as metas estabelecidas para a qualidade planejada, bem como o objetivo relativo a perdas, tendo-se alcançado o valor de 0% de perdas. No teste de preferência, em que se comparou o produto desenvolvido com o tomate 'Carmem', através de análise sensorial, o tomate desenvolvido através do método QFD foi o preferido ao nível de 0,1% de significância. Os resultados obtidos comprovaram a aplicabilidade do método QFD a produtos agrícolas comercializados in natura, tendo-se alcançado os benefícios esperados.

Caracterização química e funcional de tomates \\"Sweet Grape\\" e Italiano submetidos à desidratação osmótica e adiabática

OpenAIRE

Ana Carolina Loro

2015-01-01

O tomate é um produto hortícola de importância comercial para o Brasil e seu consumo se dá tanto na forma in natura quanto de produtos processados. O Sweet Grape, híbrido de mini tomate de sabor mais adocicado, pode ser consumido como acompanhamento, tira-gosto ou in natura. No que tange aos tomates in natura, as principais dificuldades de comercialização estão relacionadas às perdas pós-colheita e ao excedente produtivo. Devido ao fato de ser altamente perecível, o processo de desidratação v...

Novos acessos de tomateiro resistentes à mosca-branca biótipo B New accessions of tomato resistant to whitefly biotype B

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Maria Elisa de Sena Fernandes

2009-11-01

Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho foi selecionar novas fontes de resistência a Bemisia tabaci biótipo B, entre 34 acessos de tomateiro (Lycopersicon esculentum, do Banco de Germoplasma de Hortaliças da UFV. Avaliaram-se os números de adultos, ovos e ninfas por planta, além da densidade de tricomas. Detectaram-se diferenças entre os acessos nas variáveis avaliadas. Os acessos BGH-166, BGH-616, BGH-850, BGH-990, BGH-2102 e BGH-2125 apresentaram menor número de adultos, ovos e ninfas por planta e tiveram menor densidade de tricomas. A resistência dos acessos de tomate à mosca-branca foi associada a uma menor densidade de tricomas.The objective of this work was to evaluate resistance to Bemisia tabaci biotype B in 34 tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum accessions from the Banco de Germoplasma de Hortaliças of UFV. The number of adults, eggs and nymphs per plant besides of trichome density were evaluated. Differences between accessions were found for the evaluated variables. Accessions BGH-166, BGH-616, BGH-850, BGH-990, BGH-2102 and BGH-2125 presented less infestation of adults, eggs and nymphs per plant and showed lower trichome density. The resistance of these tomato accessions to whitefly was associated to a lower trichome density.

PROHEXADIONA-CA, UNA ALTERNATIVA EN LA PRODUCCIÓN DE TOMATE DE CÁSCARA (Physalis ixocarpa Brot.

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H. Ramírez

2010-01-01

Full Text Available El tomate de cáscara, por su superficie cultivada y su constante aumento en el consumo per capita, se considera una de las principales hortalizas en México. Se cultiva en cualquier región del país, aunque con una producción media nacional por debajo de su potencial. Prohexadiona de Ca (P-Ca, es un retardante del crecimiento señalado recientemente como una alternativa prometedora en la horticultura moderna, principalmente para mejorar la producción y calidad del producto cosechado. Con base en lo anterior, se evaluaron los efectos de P-Ca sobre el crecimiento vegetativo y productivo; así como las propiedades químicas del fruto en tomate de cáscara. Se realizaron dos aplicaciones de P-Ca a diferentes dosis (0, 125, 175 y 200 mg·litro-1. La primera se realizó cuando las plantas presentaron primordios florales y la segunda 20 días después. Con un diseño en bloques completos al azar y una comparación de medias con la prueba DMS a una P¿0.05, se demostró que P-Ca redujo significativamente la altura de la planta, aumentó notablemente el número de frutos, el rendimiento por planta (200 mg·litro-1, el contenido de vitamina C en frutos (175 y 200 mg·litro-1 y la actividad enzimática catalasa (175 mg·litro-1. Las variables de tamaño y peso de fruto, el contenido de proteína, la actividad enzimática peroxidasa y el contenido mineral en fruto no fueron afectados por P-Ca.

Avaliação da qualidade de tomate seco em conserva Evaluation of quality of dried tomato

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Gisele A. Camargo

2007-10-01

Full Text Available O tomate seco em conserva é alvo de crescente aceitação no mercado brasileiro; sua utilização é comum em aperitivos e na culinária como ingrediente de molhos e pizzas. Avaliou-se, neste trabalho o efeito dos seguintes fatores na qualidade do tomate seco: variedade de tomate (Rio Grande e Débora Plus, geometria de corte (pedaços de ½ e ¼ com relação ao eixo maior do fruto, presença ou ausência de sementes e teor de umidade final (25 e 35%, mediante análises instrumentais de cor e textura e testes sensoriais afetivos. Os resultados mostraram que a variedade Rio Grande apresentou melhor mastigabilidade e dureza, porém maior suscetibilidade ao escurecimento após o processo de secagem. De forma geral, a preferência dos consumidores foi por tomates secos com 35% de umidade final, enquanto a melhor qualidade final foi obtida a partir do tratamento com a variedade Rio Grande e umidade final de 35%.Preserved dried tomato has been gaining increasing acceptance in the Brazilian market, its use being common in appetizers and also in the cooking, as an ingredient of sauces and pizzas. The effect of the following factors on the quality of dried tomato was evaluated: variety of tomato (Rio Grande and Débora Plus, geometry of pieces (½ and ¼ to the fruit major axis, presence or absence of seeds and final moisture content (25 and 35% by means of instrumental texture, and color analysis and sensorial affective tests. The results showed that the variety Rio Grande presented better physical parameters but was more susceptible to darkness. Generally, the consumers preferred dried tomatoes at 35% moisture content. The best final quality of dried tomato was obtained from the treatment performed with Rio Grande variety and 35% final moisture content.

Influence de la concentration de la solution nutritive sur la croissance et la nutrition minérale de la tomate

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Morard, Philippe; Caumes, Edith; Silvestre, Jérôme

2004-01-01

L’influence de deux concentrations de solution nutritive a été étudiée sur la croissance et la nutrition minérale de la tomate en culture hydroponique sous serre au stade début floraison. La force ionique de la solution nutritive la plus concentrée était de 20.00 meq L–1 (SNC), valeur proche de celle qui est habituellement utilisée pour la culture de la tomate ; celle de la solution diluée (SND) était de 3.25 meq L–1. Pendant les deux semaines de l’expérimentation, la concentration du milieu ...

Metodologia para a avaliação do vigor de sementes de tomate Methodology for the evaluation of tomato seed vigor

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Cibele C Martins

2006-09-01

Full Text Available Os testes de vigor e o teste de germinação são componentes essenciais no controle de qualidade das empresas de produção de sementes. Com o objetivo de verificar a eficiência de diferentes testes de vigor na avaliação da qualidade de sementes de tomate (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill, cinco lotes do híbrido Saladinha foram submetidos aos seguintes testes: germinação; primeira contagem de germinação; emissão de raiz (56, 72, 80 e 96 horas após a instalação do teste de germinação; emergência de plântulas (substrato em bandejas de poliestireno; envelhecimento acelerado (1g de sementes mantidas a 41ºC por 48 e 72 horas; envelhecimento acelerado com solução salina saturada (mesmo procedimento do item anterior mas usando solução de NaCl, 40% e condutividade elétrica (50 sementes em 25 mL de água destilada em câmara a 25ºC e leituras após 2, 4, 6, 8 e 24 horas. A porcentagem de germinação e os testes de vigor da emissão de raiz primária (após 56 e 72 horas e de condutividade elétrica apresentaram-se correlacionados com a emergência de plântulas. Porém, somente o teste de condutividade elétrica após 24 horas de embebição mostrou-se eficiente na avaliação do vigor das sementes de tomate, fornecendo informações semelhantes à emergência de plântulas.The vigor and germination tests are essential components of seed quality control for the seed industry. In this research an adequate method to estimate vigor of different tomato seed lots was studied. Five lots of tomato seeds of 'Saladinha´ hybrid were submitted to the following tests: germination; first counting of germination; root emission (56, 72, 80, and 96 hours after sowing; seedling emergence on spedling trays; accelerated aging with water (1g of seeds maintained at 41°C during 48 and 72 hours; accelerated aging with salt (the same procedure of last item, but using 40% NaCl solution; electrical conductivity (50 seeds in 25 mL of distillated water at 25

Desarrollo y maduraci??n de la microspora de tomate (Lycopersicum esculentum M.)

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Carretero G??mez, Bego??a

1993-01-01

Esta memoria presenta los resultados del estudio evolutivo del grano de polen de tomate (Lycopersicum esculentum, M.), desde la microspora reci??n formada hasta la consecuci??n del gametofito masculino o grano de polen propiamente dicho, constituido por las c??lulas generativa y vegetativa. Se contemplan las transformaciones metab??licas que experimenta el citoplasma durante la maduraci??n del grano as?? como el posible papel de microcuerpos o glioxisomas en los estadios de m??...

Resistencia de campo a la antracnosis de los frutos (Colletotrichum gloeosporioides en tomate de arbol (Cyphomandra (Solanum betacea (betaceum Cav. Sendt.

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Lobo A. Mario

2000-12-01

Full Text Available En el Centro de Investigación "La Selva", de la Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria (CORPOICA, localizado en Rionegro (Antioquia, Colombia,a 2120 msnm, se llevó a cabo una investigación, cuyo objetivo fue evaluar la resistencia de campo a la antracnosis de los frutos de tomate de árbol en la accesión 6975073 de especie C. uniloba, material que en observaciones previas no había presentado incidencia de la enfermedad. En el estudio se incluyeron igualmente 4 poblaciones de la especie cultivada C. betacea de diferentes tipos: rojo común, amarillo, partenocárpico y "mora" o "tamarillo" y una de la especie relacionada C. materna. El trabajo se llevó a cabo durante seis meses, cosechándose quincenalmente, en 5 árboles por accesión, los frutos sanos maduros y los enfermos, clasificados por grado de maduración. Todos los materiales recibieron control quí mico de la enfermedad, con excepción del tomate C. uniloba 6975073. Durante la evaluación se presentaron condiciones favorables para el desarrollo del patógeno, con una precipitación de 1361.1 mm y prevalencia de altas humedades relativas, con un promedio, al respecto, del 80.2%. Durante el período de desarrollo de la evaluación no se presentaron frutos con síntomas de antracnosis en la accesión 6975073, lo cual si ocurrió en los demás materiales, con un porcentaje de frutos enfermos que fluctuó entre el 57.64 y el 98.82%, encontrá ndose que los genotipos con mayor nivel de productividad, a su vez, presentaron la mayor suceptibilidad y pérdidas en rendimiento. Un estimado del valor de los frutos con antracnosis, proyectado a hectárea-año, señaló que las pérdidas de frutos en las diferentes accesiones de C. betacea fluctuaron entre 3006 y 11268 dólares. Complementariamente al estudio, se obtuvieron híbridos interespecí ficos entre el material resistente y una accesión de C. betacea.

Stable carbon isotope composition (δ{sup 13}C), water use efficiency, and biomass productivity of Lycopersicon esculentum, Lycopersicon pennellii, and the F{sub 1} hybrid

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Martin, B.; Thorstenson, Y. R.

1988-09-01

Three tomatoes, Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. cv UC82B, a droughttolerant wild related species, Lycopersicon pennellii (Cor.) D'Arcy, and their F{sub 1}, hybrid, were grown in containers maintained at three levels of soil moisture. Season-long water use was obtained by summing over the season daily weight losses of each container corrected for soil evaporation. Plant biomass was determined by harvesting and weighing entire dried plants. Season-long water use efficiency (gram dry weight/kilogram H{sub 2}O) was calculated by dividing the dry biomass by the season-long water use. The season-long water use efficiency was greatest in the wild parent, poorest in the domestic parent, and intermediate (but closer to the wild parent) in the F, hybrid. Instantaneous water-use efficiency (micromole CO{sub 2}/millimole H{sub 2}O) determined by gas exchange measurements on individual leaves was poorly correlated with season-long water use efficiency. However, the relative abundance of stable carbon isotopes of leaf tissue samples was strongly correlated with the season-long water use efficiency. Also, the isotopic composition and the season-long water use efficiency of each genotype alone were strongly negatively correlated with plant dry weight when the dry weight varied as a function of soil moisture. (author)

Emergência e desenvolvimento de mudas de tomate IPA 6 em substratos, contendo esterco ovino

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Enio Gomes Flôr Souza

2013-12-01

Full Text Available A busca por substratos alternativos, que possam substituir produtos comerciais na produção de mudas de tomate, é de fundamental importância para a redução dos custos nessa fase inicial da cultura. Objetivou-se, com esta pesquisa, avaliar a qualidade de mudas de tomate industrial IPA 6, produzidas com substratos à base de esterco ovino. O experimento foi conduzido em viveiro da Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Unidade Acadêmica de Serra Talhada, de 16 de fevereiro a 30 de março de 2012. Utilizou-se o delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos avaliados foram: T1 - [substrato comercial]; T2 - [esterco ovino + areia (1:1]; T3 - [esterco ovino + areia (2:1]; T4 - [esterco ovino + areia (3:1]; T5 - [esterco ovino + solo (1:1]; T6 - [esterco ovino + solo (2:1]; T7 - [esterco ovino + solo (3:1]; T8 - [esterco ovino + areia + solo (1:1:1];T9 - [esterco ovino + areia + solo (2:1:1]; T10 - [esterco ovino + areia + solo (3:1:1]. Os indicadores de emergência avaliados foram: percentagem, índice de velocidade e tempo médio de emergência. Analisaram-se as seguintes características de desenvolvimento: número de folhas, altura de plântula, diâmetro de caule, comprimento de raízes, massa da matéria seca da parte aérea e das raízes. O substrato comercial proporcionou melhor vigor de mudas de tomate IPA 6. Por outro lado, o uso do esterco ovino mais solo (2:1, para compor substratos alternativos constituiu-se opção viável para a produção de mudas desse cultivar.

Efecto del déficit de agua en el trasplante de plántulas de tomate (Solanum lycopersicum L.

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Balaguera Helber Enrique

2008-08-01

Full Text Available

La inducción de la mayor cantidad de raíces en plántulas de tomate es fundamental en la etapa postrasplante, ya que de éstas depende la adecuada absorción de agua y nutrientes para su posterior desarrollo. El estrés hídrico puede generar un crecimiento radicular, ya que la raíz debe buscar agua. Con el fin de lograr este crecimiento, se sometieron plántulas de tomate a un déficit hídrico. El diseño fue completamente al azar con 10 tratamientos y 5 repeticiones; los tratamientos consistieron en la aplicación de 10 láminas de riego (0,2; 0,4; 0,6; 0,8; 1,0; 1,2; 1,4; 1,6; 1,8 y 2,0 de la evaporación medida en un tanque evaporímetro instalado dentro del invernadero durante los 5 días previos al trasplante. Se trasplantaron 40 d después de la siembra y se evaluaron un mes después. No se presentaron diferencias significativas en el peso seco de hojas, tallos y raíces. Las diferentes láminas de agua no afectaron el peso fresco de hojas y tallos, el área foliar, la distribución de fitomasa seca, la relación raíz/parte aérea ni la altura final de las plantas. Se obtuvieron diferencias significativas en la longitud y en el peso fresco de la raíz; en ambos casos el mejor tratamiento fue el coeficiente 1,6 de la evaporación. La lámina con menor respuesta fue la de 0,2. Una lámina de riego de 1,6 de la evaporación genera plántulas con sistemas radiculares adecuados.

Ocorrência de fungos filamentosos termo-resistentes em polpa de tomate envasada assepticamente

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BAGLIONI Flávio

1999-01-01

Full Text Available Este trabalho teve como objetivo principal determinar a ocorrência de fungos filamentosos termo-resistentes durante o processamento asséptico de polpa de tomate (8° BRIX. Durante o período de safra de tomate foram feitas amostragens em 9 lotes (3 no início, 3 no pico e 3 em fim de safra e no período de entresafra em 5 lotes. Foi feita a enumeração de fungos termo-resistentes nas amostras coletadas durante as diferentes etapas do processo asséptico de cada lote. Foram obtidas contagens médias relativamente baixas, variando entre <1 e 8UFC/100mL de amostra. As maiores contagens foram obtidas na matéria prima e na água de pré lavagem e transporte. Cinqüenta linhagens de fungos termo-resistentes detectadas no procedimento de enumeração foram isoladas, codificadas e estocadas. Os esporos de cada isolado com 1 mês de cultivo foram submetidos a diferentes choques térmicos para selecionar a linhagem de fungo mais termo-resistente. O isolado de fungo mais termo-resistente (sobrevivência ao choque à 100° C/25 minutos foi identificado como Neosartorya fischeri.

Exploring genetic variation in the tomato (Solanum section Lycopersicon) clade by whole-genome sequencing

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Aflitos, S.A.; Schijlen, E.G.W.M.; Jong, de J.H.S.G.M.; Ridder, de D.; Smit, S.; Finkers, H.J.; Bakker, F.T.; Geest, van de H.C.; Lintel Hekkert, te B.; Haarst, van J.C.; Smits, L.W.M.; Koops, A.J.; Sanchez-Perez, M.J.; Heusden, van A.W.; Visser, R.G.F.; Schranz, M.E.; Peters, S.A.

2014-01-01

We explored genetic variation by sequencing a selection of 84 tomato accessions and related wild species representative for the Lycopersicon, Arcanum, Eriopersicon, and Neolycopersicon groups which has yielded a huge amount of precious data on sequence diversity in the tomato clade. Three new

Exploring genetic variation in the tomato (Solanum section Lycopersicon) clade by whole-genome sequencing

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Aflitos, S.; Schijlen, E.; de Jong, H.; de Ridder, D.; Smit, S.; Finkers, R.; Wang, J.; Zhang, G.; Li, N.; Mao, L.; Bakker, F.; Dirks, R.; Breit, T.; Gravendeel, B.; Huits, H.; Struss, D.; Swanson-Wagner, R.; van Leeuwen, H.; van Ham, R.C.H.J.; Fito, L.; Guignier, L.; Sevilla, M.; Ellul, P.; Ganko, E.; Kapur, A.; Reclus, E.; de Geus, B.; van de Geest, H.; te Lintel Hekkert, B.; van Haarst, J.; Smits, L.; Koops, A.; Sanchez-Perez, G.; van Heusden, A.W.; Visser, R.; Quan, Z.; Min, J.; Liao, L.; Wang, X.; Wang, G.; Yue, Z.; Yang, X.; Xu, N.; Schranz, E.; Smets, E.; Vos, R.; Rauwerda, J.; Ursem, R.; Schuit, C.; Kerns, M.; van den Berg, J.; Vriezen, W.; Janssen, A.; Datema, E.; Jahrman, T.; Moquet, F.; Bonnet, J.; Peters, S.

2014-01-01

We explored genetic variation by sequencing a selection of 84 tomato accessions and related wild species representative of the Lycopersicon, Arcanum, Eriopersicon and Neolycopersicon groups, which has yielded a huge amount of precious data on sequence diversity in the tomato clade. Three new

Comparación del contenido de licopeno, β-caroteno y fenoles en tomate aplicando un manejo hortícola convencional y ecológico y hongos formadores de micorrizas arbusculares (HFMA

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Christian Ulrichs

2008-04-01

Full Text Available Los frutos de tomate son ricos en compuestos antioxidantes que han sido reconocidos como benéficos para la salud humana y los manejos hortícolas pueden influir la concentración de estos metabolitos secundarios. Los hongos formadores de micorrizas arbusculares (HFMA pueden influir en la absorción de nutrientes y agua por la planta. El estudio, llevado a cabo en invernadero, examinó si tomates ‘Vitella F1’, cultivados orgánicamente, se diferencian en su contenido de licopeno, β-caroteno y fenoles totales en los frutos de tomates manejados convencionalmente. Los tratamientos fueron los métodos de cultivo: convencional, orgánico, convencional+HFMA y orgánico+HFMA. Comparando los métodos de cultivo, no se encontró ninguna diferencia significativa para los parámetros nutritivos analizados; solamente tomates manejados orgánicamente tuvieron un contenido de fenoles totales un poco menor. En los dos métodos de cultivo, las plantas inoculadas con HFMA (Glomus sp. formaron contenidos más altos de licopeno en los frutos que los sin inoculación. Los tomates manejados orgánicamente aumentaron su concentración de β-caroteno y de los fenoles totales a consecuencia del tratamiento con HFMA. La aplicación de HFMA aumentó el peso fresco del fruto pero no el del tallo. El aumento del crecimiento y la adquisición de los nutrientes en tomate demostraron el potencial de la colonización con HFMA para incrementar la concentración de compuestos antioxidantes en el fruto. La mosca blanca (Trialeurodes vaporariorum fue controlada exitosamente con la aplicación de la tierra diatomaceous Fossil Shield® 90 en los tratamientos orgánicos y con Applaud® en el cultivo convencional.

Use of microsatellites to evaluate genetic diversity and species relationships in the genus Lycopersicon

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Alvarez, A.; Wiel, van de C.; Smulders, M.J.M.; Vosman, B.

2001-01-01

In order to determine how informative a set of microsatellites from tomato is across the genus Lycopersicon, 17 microsatellite loci, derived from regions in and around genes, were tested on 31 accessions comprising the nine species of the genus. The microsatellite polymorphisms were used to estimate

Método para la obtención de cultivares de tomate con frutos partenocárpicos (sin semillas) y mayor calidad organoléptica

OpenAIRE

Ellul, Philippe; Angosto Trillo, Trinidad; García-Sogo, Begoña; Martín Trillo, Mar; Martínez-Zapater, José M.; Lozano Ruiz, Rafael; Moreno Ferrero, Vicente

2005-01-01

Método para la obtención de cultivares de tomate con frutos partenocárpicos (sin semillas) y mayor calidad organoléptica. El método se basa en la transferencia y expresión del gen LFY de Arabidopsis thaliana en plantas transgénicas de tomate. Los frutos de las plantas transgénicas con el gen LFY mantienen el mismo tamaño y peso que los del cultivar original, pero carecen de semillas, tienen más carne, menos pulpa y una forma ligeramente apuntillada. El análisis de cali...

Efeito da aplicação de película de fécula de mandioca na conservação pós-colheita de tomate

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Damasceno Simone

2003-01-01

Full Text Available O presente trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a qualidade e a vida útil pós-colheita de frutos de Tomate (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill utilizando recobrimento com película de fécula de mandioca. Após a seleção os frutos foram mergulhados em suspensões a 2 e 3% de fécula de mandioca, secos ao ar e armazenados em condição ambiente, onde a temperatura e a umidade relativa do período variaram de 16 a 21ºC e 51 a 91%, respectivamente. O experimento foi constituído de dois lotes de frutos, sendo o primeiro o grupo não-destrutivo (avaliação de perda de massa. O segundo lote de frutos, constituiu o grupo destrutivo no qual analisou-se textura, pH e sólidos solúveis totais. Os frutos foram avaliados aos 0, 4, 8, 11, 14, 18 e 22 dias. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, com cinco repetições para o primeiro grupo e três repetições para o grupo destrutivo. Os dados experimentais obtidos foram submetidos à analise de variância e as médias comparadas através do teste de Tukey ao nível de 5% de probabilidade. Os tratamentos não influenciaram significativamente a perda de massa e a textura. Entretanto, os frutos recobertos com película a 3% apresentaram melhor aparência do que os frutos testemunha e com película a 2%. O efeito das películas portanto, não foi prejudicial, apenas estético.

ANALISIS RESIDU PESTISIDA PIRETRIN DALAM TOMAT DAN SELADA DARI BEBERAPA PASAR DI JAKARTA

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D. Mutiatikum

2012-10-01

Full Text Available Penggunaan pestisida untuk budidaya komoditi pertanian memungkinkan adanya residu pestisida dalam sayuran sehingga konsumen berisiko tercemar pestisida yang merupakan zat toksik  sehingga diperlukan pemantmwn kadar residu dalam sayuran terutama yang langsung dikonsumsi tanpa dimasak. Penetapan  residu pestisida dilakukan dengan menggunakan kromatografi gas (GC. Hasil analisis residu pestisida golongan peretrin dalam tomat dan selada yang disampling dari pasar induk, pasar tradisional. pasar swalayan dan hipermarket yang berada diwilayah Jakarta menunjukkan hasil yang negatif (tidak terdeteksi.

La competitividad sistémica de la industria del tomate de agricultura protegida en Zacatecas

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Luz Evelia Padilla Bernal

2016-02-01

Full Text Available La industria del tomate de agricultura protegida en Zacatecas ha crecido aceleradamente en los últimos años; sin embargo, hay poca información sobre ella. Los productores están haciendo grandes inversiones sin una base sólida de información. La apertura comercial y la globalización de los mercados, así como las nuevas tendencias en el sector agroalimentario están impactando la competitividad. En este trabajo se determina el nivel de competitividad de la industria del tomate bajo agricultura protegida de Zacatecas, a fin de proveer elementos que apoyen el diseño de políticas para el desarrollo de una competitividad sustentable. Se desarrolla a través de una evaluación a la industria bajo un enfoque empresarial aplicando un modelo de competitividad sistémica. La información se obtuvo a través de entrevistas a técnicos, propietarios de las agroempresas, investigadores y autoridades gubernamentales. Las unidades de producción exportadoras y las de alta tecnología son las que tienen mejor posición competitiva

Plántulas de tomate (Solanum lycopersicum L. provenientes de semillas embebidas en diferentes soluciones de giberelinas (GA₃

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Balaguera-López Helber Enrique

2009-04-01

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La obtención de plántulas de tomate vigorosas y en menor tiempo para el trasplante se ha convertido en un factor clave a la hora de iniciar la producción. Con el fin de disminuir el efecto postrasplante e impulsar el desarrollo vegetativo de las plántulas, se sometieron semillas del híbrido larga vida Daniela a imbibición (6, 12, 18, 24, 30 y 36 horas en tres concentraciones de ácido giberélico (300, 600 y 900 mg L^-1 y se sembraron en bandejas. Se utilizó un diseño completamente aleatorizado, 18 tratamientos más un testigo con cuatro repeticiones durante cuatro semanas, primera fase. Luego en segunda fase, se trasplantaron cuatro plantas al azar por tratamiento en bolsas de polietileno, y cuatro semanas después se evaluaron. El tratamiento de 36 horas de imbibición y 300 mg L^-1 de GA₃ mostró diferencias estadísticas en la primera fase para el área foliar, masa fresca de hojas, tallo y raíces y longitud de raíces, y en la segunda fase en la masa seca de hojas, tallo y raíz y en el área foliar. Semillas de tomate embebidas en 300 mg L^-1 de GA₃ generan plántulas con mayor vigor.

Desarrollo de una metodología de infestación artificial de plantas de tomate con el pasador del fruto

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Nelson Enrique Casas Leal

2008-12-01

Full Text Available En un diseño de bloques completos al azar se confinaron en jaulas (1.5 x 1.5 x 1.8 m dos plantas de tomate (S. lycopersicum cv. Maravilla, podadas a dos tallos, con hembras de Neoleucinodes elegantalis (una, dos, cuatro y seis adultos, y el testigo. Los tratamientos se repitieron cuatro veces. Se evaluaron por planta las variables frutos afectados por pasador (% y número promedio de orificios de entrada del pasador por fruto. Se presentaron diferencias significativas entre tratamientos solo para la variable frutos afectados por pasador (%. Con la introducción de una hembra en el interior de la jaula se incrementaron en 5.29% los frutos afectados. Para obtener pérdida de frutos similar a la que se presenta en lotes comerciales muy susceptibles (50-60% se requirió la introducción de seis hembras en la jaula.

Desenvolvimento de protocolo para microenxertia do tomateiro Lycopersicon esculentum Mill = Developmental of protocol for micrograffiting to tomato Lycopersicon esculentum Mill

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Luciano Façanha Marques

2010-01-01

Full Text Available A murcha bacteriana, causada por Ralstonia solanacearum, é a principal doença vascular de plantas em todo o mundo. O agente causal é uma bactéria que ocorre em todas as regiões do Brasil, predominando em condições de umidade e temperatura elevadas, fatores propícios aodesenvolvimento do patógeno. Este agente causal é de difícil controle, pois sobrevive nos mais diversos hospedeiros, especialmente Solanaceas, além de outras famílias de importância alimentar, condimentar e medicinal. O uso de espécies do gênero Solanum na enxertia convencional e minienxertia em tomateiro Lycopersicon esculentum é limitada em função da incompatibilidade. Neste trabalho, utilizou-se o método da microenxertia para obtenção de plantas resistentes a doenças como a murcha bacteriana, tendo como cavalo a espécie Solanum palinacanthum Dun. Utilizaram-se dois métodos de microenxertia: convencional em T-invertido e corte em bisel. Foram testados meios de culturas para execução das duas práticas demicropropagação; para isso, realizou-se experimento em diferentes condições ambientais, com presença e ausência de luminosidade e diferentes tratamentos correspondentes a teores de açúcares e sais, submetidos a cinco avaliações com intervalos semanais. Melhor resultado foi encontrado quando se utilizou microenxertia em T-invertido e meio de cultura constituído de sais de MS1/8 de força acrescido de 30 g L-1 de sacarose.The bacterial wilt, caused by Ralstonia solanacearum, is the most important vascular disease among plants in the world. The causal agent is a strain of bacteria found in all regions of Brazil, mainly in places with high humidity and temperature. This bacterium is difficult to control with chemical products, being able to survive in diverse hosts, especially in species of Solanaceae as well as other families of great food, condimental, or medicinal importance. The use of species of the genus Solanum has been attempted, but the

Tomate revestido com filme de fécula de batata e óleos de sálvia e manjerona

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Denise Milléo Almeida

2015-06-01

Full Text Available O objetivo desta pesquisa foi caracterizar tomates cv. Rasteiro revestidos com filmes a base de fécula de batata e óleos essenciais de sálvia e manjerona. Os filmes foram produzidos a base de fécula de batata e adicionados de óleos essenciais de sálvia e manjerona, segundo planejamento experimental fatorial 22. Os indicadores de qualidade avaliados foram massa fresca, sólidos solúveis totais, acidez total titulável, pH, firmeza e analisados segundo análise de componentes principais (PCA. Ao final do período de armazenamento (288h os tomates revestidos com filmes de fécula de batata mostraram maior estabilidade nos parâmetros de pH e firmeza, quando combinado com o óleo de sálvia foram eficaz no equilíbrio dos sólidos solúveis, e ao apresentarem os dois óleos, sálvia e manjerona, proporcionaram maior eficiência na manutenção da acidez e massa fresca dos frutos. A análise multivariada auxiliou na discriminação do tomate de acordo com o tempo de armazenamento, ou seja, a acidez total titulável e a firmeza tiveram maior efeito significativo no início do período de armazenamento, os sólidos solúveis totais em 72h, o pH e a perda de massa nos tempos de 168h e 216 horas. 

Calidad biofísica y nutracéutica de frutos de tomate producido con sustratos orgánicos

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Lilia Salas-Pérez

2016-01-01

Full Text Available La creciente inquietud de la opinión pública sobre los efectos negativos de las actividades agrícolas en el ambiente se ha provocado que la producción de cultivos se realice de una manera más sustentable, especialmente en el manejo de la fertilización. Al respecto la composta es un abono orgánico utilizado como fuente de nutrimentos y como componente de sustratos en la agricultura protegida. El objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar el efecto de diferentes sustratos a base de composta de ganado bovino (C mezclada con arena de río (A, sobre el rendimiento y la calidad biofísica y nutracéutica de frutos de tomate producidos bajo condiciones en invernadero. Los porcentajes de los sustratos fueron: 25:75, 50:50, 75:25 (C: A y como control se utilizó la solución nutritiva Steiner en arena. Las variables evaluadas fueron rendimiento, peso promedio de fruto, diámetro polar y ecuatorial, espesor de pericarpio y sólidos solubles totales (calidad biofísica. La calidad nutracéutica se determinó mediante el análisis de licopeno y actividad antioxidante. El mayor rendimiento y calidad biofísica de los frutos se presentó con el uso de la solución nutritiva convencional. En cambio, los frutos obtenidos a partir de composta: arena 75:25 obtuvieron los valores mayores de sólidos solubles y capacidad antioxidante, 12.5 % mayor en sólidos solubles y 27 % mayor en capacidad antioxidante comparados con los obtenidos con solución nutritiva Steiner. La combinación composta con arena para su uso como sustrato orgánico es una alternativa viable para la producción orgánica de tomate en invernadero ya que el rendimiento y la calidad son aceptables. Además; dado el potencial de uso en la agricultura organica certificada, los usuarios eventualmente podrán lograr un sobreprecio y mejorar la relación beneficio/costo, lo que proporciona una potencial comercialización competitiva para el productor, al tiempo que disminuye el uso de insumos

MENINGKATKAN PERTUMBUHAN TANAMAN TOMAT (Lycopersicon esculentum DENGAN SISTEM BUDIDAYA HIDROPONIK

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Catur Wasonowati

2011-03-01

Full Text Available Tomato is vegetable that has high economic and nutritional value. Hydroponics is the cultivation of plants without soil but using rice husk charcoal, rockwool, pumice, sand, gravel, perlite water and air media. This research aims to study the effect of nutrients and polybag size on growth and yield of hydroponic tomatoes. The experiment was conducted in Kassa House of Agroekoteknologi Departement Faculty of Agriculture Trunojoyo University. Fertilizers used were Hidrogroup and Greentonik while polybag size are 30x30 cm, 30x40 cm and 40x40 cm. The design of this study using Complete Randomized Design (CRD with 3 replications. The result showed that this research affect to the vegetative phase. No interaction between type of nutrition and polybag size on plant height, leaf number, stem diameter, number of flowers, flowering time of tomato. Type of nutrition significantly affect plant height, leaf number, stem diameter, flower number and wet and dry weight of stems and leaves, whereas the size of polybags significantly affects in the number of leaves, wet and dry weight of stems and leaves of tomato.

Tomato Infrared Drying: Modeling and some Coefficients of the Dehydration Process Secado de Tomate por Infrarrojo: Modelación y algunos Coeficientes del Proceso de Deshidratación

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Paulo Cesar Corrêa

2012-06-01

, el presente trabajo tuvo como objetivo el estudio del proceso de deshidratación en tres diferentes estados de maduración de rebanadas de tomate (Solanum lycopersicum L. por medio del secado por infrarrojo, usando dos métodos: aproximación del período constante de deshidratación a la teoría de la transferencia de calor y masa para el termómetro de bulbo húmedo; y al período decreciente de la deshidratación a la teoría de difusión de líquidos. Se utilizaron frutos de tomate cv. Santa Cruz. Tres estados de maduración fueron obtenidos: verde (estado 1, naranja (estado 2 y rojo (estado 3. Modelos matemáticos usualmente utilizados para representar el secado de productos agrícolas fueron ajustados a los datos experimentales del secado de tomate. El coeficiente de difusión efectivo fue obtenido por medio del ajuste del modelo matemático de difusión líquida a los datos experimentales del período decreciente de deshidratación. El modelo Dos Términos representó mejor el proceso del secado de rebanadas de tomate. La humedad crítica para la deshidratación de tomate fue 2.97 kgw kgdm-1. Existe un período inicial de deshidratación en que la tasa de secado alcanzó el máximo (aproximadamente 1.05 kgw kgdm-1, alrededor de 3 min. Tres diferentes métodos fueron utilizados para obtener los valores del coeficiente efectivo de difusión, incluyendo el método de elementos finitos, en que presentó los menores valores de la suma de desviaciones mínimas al cuadrado, 1.00 x 10-7 m² s-1. El coeficiente global de transferencia de calor fue 12.45 W m-2 K-1, y el coeficiente global de transferencia de masa fue 0.0105 m s-1.

“Estudio de factibilidad para la producción y exportación del tomate de árbol del cantón el chaco hacia España”

OpenAIRE

Zambrano Cabrera, Roque Wilson

2011-01-01

Las nuevas tendencias alimenticias nos orientan a consumir alimentos bajos en grasa, elaborados con materia prima que aporten un valor nutritivo para el ser humano. Existen varias opciones una de ellas es el tomate de árbol. Este estudio de factibilidad está enfocado a la producción y comercialización del Tomate de árbol (Cyphomandra betacea), también llamado internacionalmente Tamarillo, en la zona andina de Ecuador. Donde la producción que califique irá para el mercado internacional en...

RESIDUOS DE CAMARÓN SIETE BARBAS COMO ABONO ORGÁNICO EN EL CULTIVO DE TOMATE

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Xiomara Treminio.L.

2015-04-01

Full Text Available La investigación se desarrolló con la finalidad de evaluar el comportamiento de plántulas de tomate (Lycopersiconesculentum mill de la variedad peto 98 bajo diferentes dosificaciones de abono orgánico elaborado a base de desechos de camarón siete barbas (Xiphopenaeuskroyeri. El experimento se llevó a cabo en la comunidad de Rocky Point, Municipio de Laguna de Perlas, en donde la naturaleza del experimento se cataloga como un arreglo unifactorial, empleándose un diseño experimental de bloques completamente al azar (BCA, con 4 tratamientos y 3 repeticiones. Las variables evaluadas correspondieron a: altura de la planta (cm, diámetro de tallo (cm y porcentaje de rendimiento (Kg, las variables se sometieron a un análisis de varianza (ANDEVA  con un 95% de confianza y prueba de rangos múltiples según el criterio de Tukey con 0.05 para la separación de medias. La mayor altura (parte aérea de las plántulas fue con el tratamiento 3 (T3 con 250 g/planta, el segundo mejor valor de altura correspondió al tratamiento 2 (T2 con 350g/planta, seguido de los tratamientos 4 (T4, con 150 g/planta y tratamiento 1 (T1 como testigo. Con respecto al diámetro se observó que en los primeros 45 días después de la siembra los T3 (250g y T3 (350,  no muestran diferencias significativas siendo los tratamientos en donde se obtuvo un mejor comportamiento, seguido de los T4 (150 g y T1 (testigo, en cuanto a rendimiento de las plántulas de tomate, el comportamiento fue similar al diámetro en donde los T2 y T3, presentan mejores rendimientos en cosecha, seguidos por los T4 y T1.SummaryThe research was developed in order to evaluate the tomato seedlings behaviour (Lycopersiconesculentum mill of the variety breastplate 98, under different dosages of compost made from seabob shrimp waste (Xiphopenaeuskroyeri. The experiment took place in the community of Rocky Point, Municipality of Pearl Lagoon, where the nature of the experiment is classified as a

CARACTERIZAÇÃO QUÍMICA E ACEITABILIDADE DA SARDINHA (SARDINELLA BRASILIENSIS EM CONSERVA ADICIONADA DE MOLHO COM TOMATE

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Janise Pedroso COLEMBERGUE

2011-04-01

Full Text Available O pescado é um alimento rico em proteínas, minerais, vitaminas e possui fácil digestão. A procura por alimentos prontos para o consumo, como pescado em conserva, ainda é uma opção interessante para o consumidor, devido ao tempo reduzido de preparação. As características sensoriais estão entre os principais determinantes na aquisição, consumo, aceitação e preferência dos produtos alimentícios por diferentes faixas etárias. A aceitabilidade da sardinha (Sardinella brasiliensis em conserva de molho de tomate foi avaliada por 50 provadores não treinados em ambiente laboratorial através de uma fi cha com escala hedônica de nove pontos. Além disso, a determinação da composição química foi realizada e comparada com os valores declarados no rótulo do produto. A aceitação obtida para este tipo de conserva foi de 84% e a média de pontuação de 7.56, sendo esta caracterizada entre “gostei” e “gostei muito”, observou-se ainda que 54% dos julgadores possuíam hábitos de consumir pescado em conserva. A composição química da sardinha em conserva obtida foi de 62,44±0,33% de umidade, 2,7±0,22% de resíduo mineral fi xo, 19,35±1,05% de proteínas e 15,11±0,6% de lipídios totais, apresentando-se de acordo com a rotulagem, exceto para o teor de lipídio. Este estudo permitiu observar a grande aceitabilidade da sardinha (Sardinella brasiliensis em conserva de molho com tomate, mesmo entre os julgadores que não possuíam o hábito de consumi-lo.

Sensibilidade a cobre, estreptomicina e oxitetraciclina em Xanthomonas spp. associadas à mancha-bacteriana do tomate para processamento industrial

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Quezado-Duval Alice Maria

2003-01-01

Full Text Available Apesar de amplamente empregados em lavouras de tomate para processamento industrial no Brasil, fungicidas cúpricos e antibióticos registrados para uso agrícola nem sempre resultam em controle eficiente das bacterioses que afetam a cultura. O aparecimento de estirpes resistentes é uma das causas dessa baixa eficiência. Avaliou-se, in vitro, a sensibilidade a cobre, estreptomicina e oxitetraciclina de 389 isolados de Xanthomonas spp. associadas à mancha-bacteriana do tomateiro, sendo 92 de X. axonopodis pv. vesicatoria (60 do grupo "A"/raça T1 e 32 do "C"/raça T3, 93 de X. vesicatoria (grupo "B"/raça T2 e 204 de X. gardneri (grupo "D"/raça T2. Os isolados foram obtidos de plantas doentes em campos comerciais de tomate para processamento industrial nos estados de Goiás, Minas Gerais, Pernambuco e Bahia, nos anos de 1995 a 1998 e em 2000. Alíquotas de 5 ml de suspensões bacterianas foram depositadas em meio Nutriente-Ágar suplementado com sulfato de cobre, nas concentrações de 50 e 200 µg/ml; sulfato de estreptomicina, a 25 e 200 µg/ml e cloridrato de oxitetraciclina, a 25 µg/ml. Nenhum isolado foi resistente a oxitetraciclina, como também nenhum foi resistente ao cobre na concentração de 200 µg/ml do sulfato de cobre. No entanto, houve diferença entre isolados quanto à sensibilidade ao sulfato de cobre na concentração de 50 µg/ml e ao sulfato de estreptomicina nas duas concentrações empregadas. As freqüências de isolados de X. gardneri, X. axonopodis pv. vesicatoria (grupos "A" e "C" e X. vesicatoria resistentes à estreptomicina (25 µg/ml do produto usado foram, respectivamente, 98%, 38% e 2%, ao passo que, ao cobre, foram, respectivamente, 48%, 4% e 74%. Todos os isolados do grupo "C" foram sensíveis à estreptomicina e 97% sensíveis ao cobre.

Desarrollo de yogurt con capacidad antioxidante elaborado con leche de cabra (Capra hircus y tomate de árbol (Cyphomandra betacea Sendtn.

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Carlos Enrique Alvarado Carrasco

2011-12-01

Full Text Available El desarrollo de productos es el proceso secuencial de encontrar ideas para nuevos bienes y servicios, para convertirlas en productos comercialmente exitosos, seguros, beneficiosos para el consumidor y manufacturados de manera rentable. En el presente trabajo se siguieron todos los pasos de un Desarrollo Exploratorio en la elaboración de un yogurt a partir leche de cabra (Capra hircus, saborizado con una mermelada de tomate de árbol (Cyphomandra betacea Sendtn. para incrementar su capacidad antioxidante gracias a su contenido de polifenoles y otros componentes bioactivos. Se partió de un concepto de producto evaluado favorablemente por un grupo de consumidores y de criterios de formulación basados en la norma venezolana para yogurt COVENIN 2393:2001. La fórmula final seleccionada fue sometida a análisis físicos, químicos, microbiológicos y sensoriales para su caracterización. Los resultados corroboraron el cumplimiento de lo establecido en la norma. Se cuantificó su actividad antioxidante, mediante la prueba ‘oxigen radical absorbance capacity’, antes y después de la adición de la mermelada de tomate de árbol, encontrándose que la capacidad antioxidante del yogurt saborizado fue 71 % mayor que la del yogurt natural. Por tanto, la incorporación de la mermelada de tomate de árbol permite incrementar la capacidad antioxidante del yogurt de leche de cabra.

Desarrollo de yogurt con capacidad antioxidante elaborado con leche de cabra (Capra hircus y tomate de árbol (Cyphomandra betacea Sendtn.

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Carlos Enrique Alvarado Carrasco

2011-01-01

Full Text Available El desarrollo de productos es el proceso secuencial de encontrar ideas para nuevos bienes y servicios, para convertirlas en productos comercialmente exitosos, seguros, beneficiosos para el consumidor y manufacturados de manera rentable. En el presente trabajo se siguieron todos los pasos de un Desarrollo Exploratorio en la elaboración de un yogurt a partir leche de cabra (Capra hircus, saborizado con una mermelada de tomate de árbol (Cyphomandra betacea Sendtn. para incrementar su capacidad antioxidante gracias a su contenido de polifenoles y otros componentes bioactivos. Se partió de un concepto de producto evaluado favorablemente por un grupo de consumidores y de criterios de formulación basados en la norma venezolana para yogurt COVENIN 2393:2001. La fórmula final seleccionada fue sometida a análisis físicos, químicos, microbiológicos y sensoriales para su caracterización. Los resultados corroboraron el cumplimiento de lo establecido en la norma. Se cuantificó su actividad antioxidante, mediante la prueba ‘oxigen radical absorbance capacity’, antes y después de la adición de la mermelada de tomate de árbol, encontrándose que la capacidad antioxidante del yogurt saborizado fue 71 % mayor que la del yogurt natural. Por tanto, la incorporación de la mermelada de tomate de árbol permite incrementar la capacidad antioxidante del yogurt de leche de cabra.

Chemical and physical characterization of fruits of different tomato accessions in the greenhouse. = Caracterização química e física de frutos de diferentes acessos de tomateiro em casa de vegetação.

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Ataiza de Andrade Sousa

2011-08-01

Full Text Available Tomato (Solanum lycopersicon is cultivated on a large scale in Brazil and worldwide. Due to the fact that it has a relatively short cycle and higher yields, the tomato crop has good economic prospects and the cultivated area is increasing dayle. The aim of this study was to evaluate the physical and chemical characteristics of fruits of different tomato accessions in the greenhouse conditions in Boa Vista-RR. The following accessions were evaluated: 18 (cherry tomato, 209 (cherry tomato,243 (CNPH 738, 101 (tomato Santa Cruz - KADA, 102 (tomato Yoshimatsu, and 246 (CNPH 0171. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with six treatments and four replications. The fruit at the point of harvest, were collected properly identified and evaluated for the following characteristics: vitamin C content, pH, acidity, soluble solids, soluble solids /acidity, fresh, transverse and longitudinal diameter of the fruit, the pericarp thickness and dry matter content. The data were subjected to variance analysis and means were compared by Duncan test at 5% probability. Except for the variable content of soluble solids, the other variables showed statistical differences. All accesses have attributes suitable for eating raw. With the exception of access 101 and 102 due to high pH (Access 101 and low dry matter content (access 101 and 102, others have attributes suitable for industrial processing.=O tomate (Solanum lycopersicon é cultivado em grande escala na agricultura brasileira sendo uma das culturasmais difundidas em todo mundo. Por se tratar de uma cultura de ciclo relativamente curto e de altos rendimentos, a culturado tomate tem boas perspectivas econômicas e a área cultivada vem aumentando a cada dia. Objetivou-se com este trabalhoavaliar as características físicas e químicas de frutos de diferentes acessos de tomateiro nas condições de casa de vegetação emBoa Vista-RR. Foram avaliados seis acessos, sendo: 18 (tomate cereja

Chemical analysis of a polysaccharide of unripe (green) tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum).

Science.gov (United States)

Chandra, Krishnendu; Ghosh, Kaushik; Ojha, Arnab K; Islam, Syed S

2009-11-02

A polysaccharide (PS-I) isolated from the aqueous extract of the unripe (green) tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum) consists of D-galactose, D-methyl galacturonate, D-arabinose, L-arabinose, and L-rhamnose. Structural investigation of the polysaccharide was carried out using total acid hydrolysis, methylation analysis, periodate oxidation study, and NMR studies ((1)H, (13)C, DQF-COSY, TOCSY, NOESY, ROESY, HMQC, and HMBC). On the basis of above-mentioned experiments the structure of the repeating unit of the polysaccharide (PS-I) was established as: [structure: see text].

INFLUENCIA DEL RIEGO Y LA PODA EN LA INFESTACIÓN DE Prodiplosis longifila EN EL CULTIVO DE TOMATE

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Roberth Stip Cuzme Burgos

2011-12-01

Full Text Available El objetivo de la investigación fue evaluar la influencia de la poda y del sistema de riego sobre la infestación de Prodiplosis longifila en el cultivo de tomate. Se estudiaron dos sistemas de riego por goteo y gravedad en parcelas con podas y sin podas. La poda consistió en dejar dos ejes productivos. Los tratamientos se distribuyeron en un diseño de bloques al azar en parcelas divididas. Se evaluaron la infestación de P. longifila en brotes y frutos. Las evaluaciones se las realizo dos veces por semana a partir de los 7 ddt (días después del trasplante. Los datos se analizaron mediante análisis de varianza. El factor riego no presento una tendencia hacia uno de los sistemas estudiados. Por el contrario la poda si marco una diferencia en las poblaciones de P. longifila cuya práctica provoca un incremento de la infestación. La poda y el sistema de riego no son prácticas que influyen en el control de P. longifila.

Tuta absoluta: una nueva plaga para el cultivo del tomate en Europa (Sesión Técnia: Hortalizas)

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Stol, W.; Griepink, F.C.; Deventer, van P.

2009-01-01

Tuta absoluta es una polilla originaria de Chile cuyas larvas producen minas en las hojas de las plantas de tomate. En las últimas décadas de este insecto se ha extendido por gran parte del continente sudamericano. Después de su primera observación en Europa (España, Valencia) en 2007, esta polilla

Efecto de la proteína harpin y el fosfito de potasio en el control de mildeo polvoso (Frysiphe polygoni D.C. en tomate, en Sutamarchán (Boyacá

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Marisol Salamanca-Carvajal

2012-07-01

Full Text Available La proteína harpin y el fosfito de potasio fueron evaluados para el control del mildeo polvoso, causado por Frysiphe polygoni D.C,en el híbrido de tomate “Pietro”. Se hicieron aplicaciones de proteína harpin días después del trasplante (ddt; los tratamientos fueron los siguientes: T1: 5, 20, 35, 50; T2: 20, 35, 50, 65; T3: 35, 50, 65 ,80; en una dosis 0.3 g.L-1; el T4 corresponde al testigo absoluto, al cual no se le aplicó nada; el T5 fue tratado con fosfito de potasio. Las aplicaciones se realizaron a los 45, 60, 70 y 90 ddt, con una concentración 1cm3.L-1. Se empleó un diseño estadístico en bloques al azar, con cinco tratamientos y quince unidades experimentales. A partir de los resultados se concluyó que: en altura de plantas se presentaron diferencias estadísticas a los 60 y 90 ddt. La mayor altura la obtuvo el T3 (164cm, y la menor, el T4 (160cm; la evaluación de producción y calidad no mostró diferencias estadísticas significativas, sin embargo, se puede destacar el T5 con la mayor producción (5.9 kg.planta, y el T4 obtuvo la menor (4.9kg.planta. El valor registrado de mayor incidencia fue el T4 (98.3%, y el menor fue el T5 (94.3%. Por otra parte, la severidad arrojó como mayor dato del T4 (98%, y el menor, el T5 (95%. El trabajo realizado demostró que existe una correlación entre las aplicaciones de la proteína harpin y el fosfito de potasio en las plantas de tomate, pues se logra un mejor estado fisiológico y una mediana resistencia al ataque del hongo del mildeo polvoso. 

Effet de pratiques de fertilisation azotée sur la sensibilité d’une culture de tomate à l’oïdium et la pourriture grise en conditions de production sous serre.

OpenAIRE

Ozayou, Saddik

2011-01-01

L’azote est le principal élément nutritif utilisé pour le contrôle des maladies aériennes sous abris. Dans ce stage, nous avons étudié l’effet de trois régimes de fertilisation azotée (4 mmoles/L, 8 mmoles/L et 16 mmoles/L) sur la physiologie de la plante et la sensibilité de la tomate à l’Oidium neolycopersici et à Botrytis cinerea en conditions de production sous serre. Pour ce faire, nous avons inoculé différents organes aériens des plantes dans la serre ou au laboratoire de l’INRA d’Alény...

Tomato bushy stunt virus (TBSV) infecting Lycopersicon esculentum.

Science.gov (United States)

Hafez, El Sayed E; Saber, Ghada A; Fattouh, Faiza A

2010-01-01

Tomato bushy stunt virus (TBSV) was detected in tomato crop (Lycopersicon esculentum) in Egypt with characteristic mosaic leaf deformation, stunting, and bushy growth symptoms. TBSV infection was confirmed serologically by ELISA and calculated incidence was 25.5%. Basic physicochemical properties of a purified TBSV Egh isolate were identical to known properties of tombusviruses of isometric 30-nm diameter particles, 41-kDa coat protein and the genome of approximately 4800 nt. This is the first TBSV isolate reported in Egypt. Cloning and partial sequencing of the isolate showed that it is more closely related to TBSV-P and TBSV-Ch than TBSV-Nf and TBSV-S strains of the virus. However, it is distinct from the above strains and could be a new strain of the virus which further confirms the genetic diversity of tombusviruses.

Estudio de la resistencia a Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae en germoplasma cultivado y silvestre de tomate (Solanum lycopersicum L.

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Yeimy García Valencia

2013-12-01

Full Text Available En la Universidad Nacional de Colombia sede Palmira, en condiciones de campo y casa de malla, se evaluaron por preferencia para oviposición y número de ninfas de mosca blanca (Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius varias accesiones silvestres y poblaciones segregantes de tomate resistentes al pasador del fruto, Neoleucinodes elegantalis (Guenée. Se utilizó un diseño de bloques completos al azar con cuatro repeticiones, donde se evaluaron como variables el número de huevos y de ninfas del insecto por hoja. En cada observación se incluyeron tres hojas del tercio superior, medio e inferior del tallo de la planta. Las poblaciones de mosca blanca fueron muy bajas en los dos primeros ciclos de cultivo (en campo debido, probablemente, a las altas precipitaciones. Estas condiciones no permitieron una selección de materiales resistentes o susceptibles a este insecto. En el tercer ciclo de cultivo, bajo condiciones de casa de malla, no se encontraron diferencias significativas entre los retrocruzamientos respecto al testigo susceptible para la variable preferencia por oviposición. El genotipo 4212P4 presentó el menor número de ninfas, mostrando que tiene posiblemente un mecanismo que le confiere menor atracción para B. tabaci. Se encontró que los genotipos menos preferidos para oviposición y con menor número de ninfas fueron PI 134417, PI 134418 y PI 126449 (Solanum habrochaites var. Glabratum S. Knapp y D. M Spooneer.

Etude de l'effet du stress salin (NaCl) chez deux variétés de tomate ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

La germination, les paramètres de croissance ainsi que les paramètres biochimiques, sont comparés chez deux variétés de tomate (Campbell 33 et Mongal) soumises à des concentrations croissantes de NaCl. (0,17, 50, 85 et 130 mM). Le pourcentage de germination des graines diminue avec l'augmentation de la salinité ...

Caracterización de los ácidos húmicos extraídos de cuatro lombricompuestos y su efecto sobre la germinación de semillas de maíz Zea mays L., algodón Gossypium hirsutum y tomate Lycopersicon esculentum L.

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Gómez Zambrano Jairo

1996-12-01

Full Text Available

The work perfomed to characterize the elemental composition and functional groups of humic acids extracted from four lombricompost cow dung, filter press cake of sugar cane, coffee pulp and grass residue the total content of essential elements and its distribution in the humic and no humic fractions were determined. It was evalued the effect of two concentrations of humic acids (150 and 300 ppm upon seed germination of maize, cotton and tomat. There were found differences in the elemental composition (CHON and functional groups (COOH, OH phedic and carbony of the humic acids atributed to variations in composition of the original substrates. The lombricompost of cow dung showed higher oxidation values (O/H = 0.49 than the lombricompost of filter press cake of sugar cane (0.40 sugering a higher grade of humification of the first. The grass residue showed higher contribution to the CIC (COOH + OH = 9. O me/g than the coffe pulp (7. 1 me/g the total essential elements were concentrated in the remanent residue, with lower content in the water and 0.1M HCL solutions; the fulvic and humic fractions had very low content of these elements. The humic acid at the concentrations tested did not have any effect on the germination of maize and cotton, and depressed the germination of tomato seeds.

El trabajo se realizó con el fin de caracterizar por su composición elemental y contenido de grupos funcionales, los acidos húmicos extraídos de cuatro lombricompuestos (bovinaza, cachaza, pulpa de café y residuo de prado. Se determinó el contenido y distribución de los elementos esenciales totales en las fracciones húmicas y no de acidos húmicas. Se evaluó el efecto de dos concentraciones de acidos húmicos (150 y 300 ppm sobre la germinación de semillas de maíz, algodón y tomate. Se encontraron diferencias en el contenido elemental (CHON y grupos funcionales (COOH, OH fenólico y carbonilo atribuido a variaciones en la composición de los

Herpetomonas spp. isolated from tomato fruits (Lycopersicon esculentum) in southern Spain.

Science.gov (United States)

Marín, Clotilde; Fabre, Sandrine; Sánchez-Moreno, Manuel; Dollet, Michel

2007-05-01

A flagellate of the family Trypanosomatidae was isolated from fruits of Lycopersicon esculentum (tomato) in southeastern Spain. The isolate was successfully adapted to in vitro culture in monophasic media. The morphology showed the kinetoplast to be positioned towards the middle of the body, and the typical opistomastigote form characteristic of members of the genus Herpetomonas. Amplification of the mini-exon gene was negative, whilst for the 5S ribosomal rRNA gene the result was positive. The DNA sequence was obtained and its alignment with other trypasomatids, obtained using the BLAST algorithm, suggested it was closely related to Herpetomonas samuelpessoai.

Impacto dos praguicidas na saúde: estudo da cultura de tomate Pesticide impact on health: a study of tomato cultivation

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Adélia CP Araújo

2000-06-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: A presença de resíduos de praguicidas em alimentos, somada à contaminação da água, oferece risco para a população em geral e representa, sem dúvida, um grande problema de saúde pública no Brasil. Com o objetivo de obter melhor conhecimento da situação, foi estudada a utilização de praguicidas em tomates produzidos no Estado de Pernambuco. MÉTODOS: Foram aplicados questionários semi-estruturados para obtenção de informações socioambientais e de morbidade referida aos trabalhadores rurais, durante a safra de tomates. Foram selecionadas seis propriedades, localizadas em duas regiões produtoras do agreste pernambucano. O total de entrevistados foi de 186. RESULTADOS/CONCLUSÕES: Ficou constatado que as duas regiões estudadas carecem, indiscriminadamente, de ações que visem à proteção da saúde dos trabalhadores rurais, que lidam com os praguicidas, e de medidas contra os danos para o meio ambiente, que se encontra gravemente comprometido.OBJECTIVE: In addition to water contamination, the presence of pesticide residues in food poses a risk to the population, being a serious public health problem in Brazil. With the purpose of getting a better understanding of this scenario, the use of pesticides in tomate crops in the State of Pernambuco, Brazil, was studied. METHODS: Questionnaires were applied to obtain social and environmental information as well as morbidity rates and additional data on rural workers involved in tomato plantations in two regions of Pernambuco, Brazil. RESULTS/CONCLUSIONS: The results obtained in the two studied regions show that there is a lack effective policies to both protect the health of rural workers who have to deal with pesticides and the environment which has already been severely damaged.

Inoculación de rizobacterias promotoras del crecimiento vegetal en tomate (Solanum lycopersicum L. cv. afrodita en invernadero

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Bernardo Espinosa Palomeque

2017-04-01

Full Text Available La producción de los cultivos agrícolas, entre otros factores, es impactada por el clima, el suelo, el agua y los microorganismos rizosféricos. De estos últimos, las rizobacterias promotoras del crecimiento vegetal (RPCV, desempeñan funciones importantes para las plantas como es la producción de reguladores del crecimiento vegetal y disminuir o prevenir los efectos de microorganismos f itopatógenos. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el efecto de la inoculación de tres RPCV: Bacillus spp., Aeromonas spp., y Pseudomonas lini Delorme, utilizando dos sustratos: 1 compost+arena de río+perlita; y 2 arena de río; y como testigos ambos sustratos sin RPCV (lo que dio un total de 8 tratamientos, sobre el rendimiento y calidad de frutos de tomate (Solanum lycopersicum L. cv. Afrodita desarrollado bajo condiciones de invernadero. El diseño experimental utilizado fue bloques completamente al azar con cinco repeticiones, con arreglo factorial 2 × 4, los factores fueron: A sustratos y B RPCV. Las variables evaluadas en fruto fueron: diámetro polar y ecuatorial, espesor de pericarpio, contenido de sólidos solubles, firmeza, fenoles totales y capacidad antioxidante, así como rendimiento total. Los datos fueron analizados estadísticamente por análisis de varianza y las comparaciones de medias mediante la prueba de DMS 0.05%. Los frutos del tratamiento T1 (50 compost + 40 arena de río + 10 perlita + Bacillus spp. presentaron los mayores diámetros polar y ecuatorial, contenido de sólidos solubles, firmeza, contenido de fenoles totales y capacidad antioxidante, 6.54 cm, 5.50 cm, 5.94 ºBrix, 12.54 N, 51.70 mg de AG 100 g-1 FF y 66.68 µM Trolox g-1 FF, respectivamente; en comparación con el resto de los tratamientos. La aplicación de RPCV y la utilización de sustratos a base de compost podrían ser una alternativa de manejo en la producción de tomate en invernadero para incrementar el rendimiento y la calidad nutracéutica de los

Ação de calcário e gesso sobre características químicas do solo e na produtividade e qualidade do tomate e melão

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Faria Clementino M.B.

2003-01-01

Full Text Available Realizou-se dois experimentos repetidos no mesmo local, em Argissolo Vermelho-Amarelo, de textura arenosa, do Submédio São Francisco, para avaliar a influência da calagem e da gessagem nas características do solo e na produtividade e qualidade dos frutos do tomateiro e meloeiro. O delineamento foi de blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições e sete tratamentos [testemunha; 0,5 da necessidade de calagem (N.C. com 100% de calcário (Cal.; 1xN.C. com Cal.; 2xN.C. com Cal.; 0,5xN.C. com 2/3 de calcário e 1/3 de gesso (Cal.Ges.; 1,0xN.C. com Cal.Ges. e 2,0xN.C. com Cal.Ges]. O calcário e gesso foram aplicados em novembro de 2000; o cultivo do tomate foi conduzido de maio a agosto e o do melão, de setembro a novembro de 2001. A calagem e a gessagem promoveram incremento do pH e nos níveis de Ca2+e Mg2+, tendo reduzido o teor de Al3+ do solo, com efeito mais pronunciado no aumento dos teores do Ca2+ em até 60% e na redução do Al3+ em até 68,7%. O calcário isolado foi mais eficiente para neutralização do Al3+ em maiores profundidades, tendo resultado em maiores produtividades de melão, em comparação com os tratamentos em que o calcário foi associado ao gesso. Com o uso de 2,0 t ha-1 de calcário, equivalente a 1xN.C, foi suficiente para se obter uma produtividade de 22,5 t ha-1 de melão, significativamente superior à da testemunha (16,8 t ha-1 e reduzir em 80,4% a ocorrência da podridão apical do tomate. Portanto, a gessagem não se mostrou necessária para essas culturas.

EVALUACIÓN DE DIFERENTES FORMULACIONES DE COMPOSTAJE A PARTIR DE RESIDUOS DE COSECHA DE TOMATE (Solanumlycopersicum

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CARLOS ANDRES NAVIA-CUETIA

Full Text Available Se realizó la evaluación de diferentes formulaciones de compostaje a partir de residuos de cosecha de tomate (Solanumlycopersicum, utilizando cuatro tratamientos T1: cal dolomita del 24%, T2: microorganismos eficientes (E.M., T3: combinación de E.M. con cal dolomita y T4: compostaje tradicional, que sirvió como referente para las formulaciones mencionadas. Las composteras fueron de 1m3, construidas en guadua y bajo cubierta plástica tipo invernadero. Se tomaron muestras del abono a los 8, 40, 48 y 56 días, las cuales se enviaron al laboratorio. Se registraron datos dos veces por semana de temperatura interna de cada pila, humedad y temperatura ambiente, realizando volteos cada semana. El análisis de varianza mostró que no hay diferencias significativas entre tratamientos ni repeticiones (p>0,05; pero se presentan variaciones en los valores para el T2 en variables como: pH, materia orgánica, CICe, porcentajes de N, P, K, Ca, Mg, cumpliendo la norma NTC 5167, a pesar de no incluir fuentes alternas de nitrógeno que mejoran el proceso de compostaje y el producto que de este se obtiene.

Nutritional properties of cherry tomatoes harvested at different times and grown in an organic cropping Propriedades nutricionais de tomates cereja colhidos em diferentes épocas e cultivado em sistema orgânico

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Lucinéia de Pinho

2011-06-01

Full Text Available The physicochemical characteristics of the cherry tomato cultivated in organic and conventional production systems and harvested at either 30 or 45 days of cropping were evaluated using a randomized, 2x2 factorial design (2 cropping systems x 2 harvesting times with five repetitions. The parameters analyzed were color, centesimal composition, total energetic value, carotenoids and bioactive amine content. Tomatoes harvested at 30 days had higher total soluble solid (TSS content when grown conventionally, but when harvested at 45 days, both conventional and organic tomatoes had similar TSS values, probably due to increased N availability in the soil. Organic cherry tomatoes had higher contents of β-carotene, lycopene and bioactive amine. On the other hand, tomatoes from conventional cropping were more alkaline and brighter. In conclusion, organic tomatoes are more nutritious than conventional varieties, and if allowed to ripen for up to 45 days, contain higher levels of TSS, carotenoids and total bioactive amines.As características físico-químicas de tomates cereja cutivados em sistema orgânico e convencional e colhidos em 30 ou 45 dias de cultivo foram avaliadas em um delineamento casualizado, fatorial 2x2 (2 sistemas de cultivo x 2 épocas de colheita com cinco repetições. Foram analisados os parâmetros cor, composição centesimal, valor energético total e conteúdo de carotenóides e de aminas bioativas. Tomates colhidos em 30 dias tiveram maior conteúdo de sólidos solúveis totais (SST, possivelmente devido ao aumento de disponibilidade de N no solo. Os tomates orgânicos tiveram maior conteúdo de β-caroteno, licopeno e aminas bioativas. Por outro lado, os tomates convencionais foram menos ácidos e tiveram maior brilho. Conclui-se que tomates orgânicos são mais nutritivos que os convencionais, e se amadurecerem até 45 dias concentram maior teor de SST, carotenóides e aminas bioativas totais.

Productive performance of broiler chickens fed tomato waste Desempenho produtivo de frangos de corte alimentados com resíduo do tomate

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Rosa Cavalcante Lira

2010-05-01

Full Text Available Aiming to evaluate the effect of tomato waste inclusion on productive performance and characteristics of carcass and main broiler chicken cuts, an experiment was carried out using 300 male Cobb chicks, distributed in a complete randomized design, with five rations and five replicates. Diets consisted of control ration based on corn and soybean meal and four rations with 5, 10, 15 and 20% of tomato waste. Feed intake, weight gain and feed conversion and, at the end of experiment, slaughter weight, gutted carcass without feet and head, breast, drumstick, thigh, wing, back, edible guts and belly fat were evaluated every week, as well as it was the yield. Tomato waste increased feed intake in the periods from 1 to 7, 8 to 14 and 29 to 36 days of age and worsened gain weight and feed conversion of broiler chickens up to 29 days of age. Regarding carcass weight (g and weight of the noble parts, breast, drumstick and thighs decreased linearly in function of the use of tomato waste in poultry on pre- initial and initial phase, that is, up to 28 days old, but yield (% was not affected except for yield of heart and liver. Use of tomato waste in ration of broiler chickens during the period from 1 to 28 days may decrease weight gain and worsen food conversion. Tomato waste may be used as ration ingredient in ration of broiler chicken in the breeding period from 29 to 42 days of age up to the level of 20% without harming weight gain and feed conversion of poultry.Com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito da inclusão do resíduo do tomate sobre o desempenho produtivo e as características da carcaça e dos principais cortes de frangos de corte, foi realizado um experimento com 300 pintos machos Cobb, distribuídos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com cinco rações e cinco repetições. As dietas consistiram de uma ração-referência à base de milho e farelo de soja e quatro rações com 5, 10, 15 e 20% de resíduo do tomate. Foram avaliados

Genotype dependant callogenic and morphogenic response of lycopersicon esculentum hybrids

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Jatoi, S.A.; Sajid, G.M.; Ahmad, S.; Anwar, R.; Munir, M.

2002-01-01

Leaf explants from field grown F1 hybrids of Lycopersicon esculentum, namely Bornia and Royesta were cultured on MS media containing 5 x 5 diallelic combinations of IAA and Kin at 0, 4, 8, 12 and 16 micro M/l each. Callogenesis, root and shoot regeneration potential of these hybrids were compared on these hormonal regimes. Royesta exhibited better callogenesis response (85%) than Bornia (72%). However, callogenesis on a given hormonal regime was genotype dependant. Root and shoot regeneration was better in case of Bornia than in Royesta. Hybrid Bornia produced shoots much more frequently (6-14%) on many diverse hormonal regimes than Royesta which produced shoots only rarely (5%) on a single hormonal regime. (author)

CAMBIOS DE COLOR Y PERFIL AROMÁTICO EN SOLUCIONES OSMÓTICAS USADAS EN DESHIDRATACIÓN OSMÓTICA DE TOMATE DE ÁRBOL COR E SABOR MUDANÇAS NO SOLUÇÃO OSMÓTICA, UTILIZADO NA DESIDRATAÇÃO OSMÓTICA DE TOMATE DE ÁRVORE COLOR AND FLAVOR CHANGES ON THE OSMOTIC SOLUTION, USED IN THE OSMOTIC DEHYDRATION OF TREE TOMATO

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Magda Ivonne Pinzón

2011-12-01

Full Text Available La reutilización de la solución osmótica (SO en el proceso de deshidratación osmótica (DO de frutas de origen tropical ricas en aromas exóticos como el tomate de árbol (Cyphomandra betacea (Cav Sendth, del cual ya se han obtenidos resultados muy satisfactorios, trae consigo cambios en las diferentes propiedades de la SO, sobre todo en el enriquecimiento sustancias provenientes de la fruta, que la convierten en una materia prima interesante en la fabricación y diseño de nuevos productos alimenticios, en este artículo se evaluaron los cambios el color y el perfil aromático, de la SO a medida que es reutilizada en 9 ciclos de DO teniendo en cuenta que estas dos propiedades van a tener gran influencia sobre las características sensoriales en el diseño de los nuevos productos alimenticios. Se utilizaron cubos deformados de tomate de árbol, deshidratados durante 240 minutos, en una SO de 65°Brix, con una relación solución:fruta de 5:1. En cada ciclo de DO se renovaron los frutos y se reutilizó la SO sin reconcentración, filtrando cada 4 ciclos durante 9 ciclos de DO. Se analizó el color de la SO encontrando una tendencia al descenso de L* en la SO y otros cambios; los demás parámetros de color: a*, b*, C* y h° solo fueron apreciados instrumentalmente; estos cambios en el color de la SO no mostraron un efecto drástico en el color de los frutos deshidratados; además se encontró la aparición de componentes del aroma de tomate de árbol en la SO a medida que fue reutilizada.Reutilização da solução osmótica (SO no processo de desidratação osmótica (DO de frutas tropicais ricos em sabores exóticos, como o tomate de árvore (betacea Cyphomandra (Cav Sendth, que tenham sido obtidos resultados muito satisfatóriostraz com ela mudanças nas propriedades diferentes do SO, principalmente no enriquecimento de substâncias a partir do fruto, o que torna um material interessante na fabricação e design de novos produtos

Densidades y frecuencias de liberación de Encarsia formosa (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae sobre Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae en tomate

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Tello Paola

2007-12-01

Full Text Available

La mosca blanca de los invernaderos, Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae es una de las plagas más importantes de cultivos de tomate bajo invernadero en la Sabana de Bogotá. Para su control tradicionalmente se acude a la aplicación de insecticidas. Sin embargo, también son contempladas liberaciones del parasitoide Encarsia formosa (Gahan (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae. Para estandarizar el proceso de cría masiva de E. formosa, se evaluaron tres densidades diferentes de liberación de las avispas (6, 12 y 18 avispas/planta en tres frecuencias de liberación (1, 2 y 3 veces/semana, sobre plantas de tomate de ocho semanas de edad con tres niveles de infestación (15, 30 y 45 ninfas de mosca blanca/hoja, susceptibles de ser parasitadas. El mayor porcentaje de parasitismo (70% en ninfas de tercer instar se logró cuando se liberaron seis avispas por planta, dosificadas en tres momentos diferentes en la misma semana. El menor porcentaje de parasitismo (50%, se obtuvo cuando se realizó una sola liberación de 6, 12 o 18 avispas. Los resultados anteriores permiten concluir que se puede lograr un porcentaje de parasitismo en torno a un 70% de la infestación de mosca blanca (hasta 45 ninfas/hoja en plantas de tomate con pocas avispas de E. formosa (seis cuando se liberan en tres momentos diferentes.

Efecto de una película plástica modificada en algunos aspectos bioquímicos de un cultivo de tomate (Solanum lycopersicum L. / Effect of a modified plastic film on some biochemical aspects of a tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L. crop

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Ema Laura García-Enciso

2014-04-01

Full Text Available El objetivo del presente estudio fue conocer el efecto de una cubierta para invernadero modificada con nanopartículas y pigmentos fluorescentes, la cual se nombró CIQA, sobre el rendimiento, y algunas variables bioquímicas y la calidad de frutos de tomate. El trabajo se realizó en el Centro de Investigación en Química Aplicada ubicado en Saltillo, Coahuila. Se instalaron dos invernaderos, en uno se usó la cubierta convencional y en el otro la película modificada. Se midió la Radiación Fotosintéticamente Activa (PAR y la temperatura al interior y exterior de los invernaderos. Se estableció un cultivo de tomate en los invernaderos, se determinó el contenido de clorofilas y carotenoides en las plantas y en los frutos se evaluó el contenido de Vitamina C y licopeno. Las lecturas máximas de PAR fueron mayores en el exterior, luego en el invernadero convencional y por último en el invernadero CIQA. En cuanto a temperatura, las lecturas más altas se presentaron en el invernadero de plástico convencional, seguido por el invernadero con la película CIQA y el exterior. Se encontraron diferencias durante algunos muestreos para el contenido de carotenoides, Vitamina C y licopeno. Lo anterior permite concluir que la película plástica CIQA disminuye la radiación y la temperatura al interior del invernadero, sin afectar los estándares de calidad de los frutos y el rendimiento del cultivo.

Tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum ) seeds: new flavonols and cytotoxic effect.

Science.gov (United States)

Ferreres, Federico; Taveira, Marcos; Pereira, David M; Valentão, Patrícia; Andrade, Paula B

2010-03-10

In this study, seeds of Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. were analyzed by HPLC/UV-PAD/MS(n)-ESI. Fourteen flavonoids were identified, including quercetin, kaempferol, and isorhamnetin derivatives, with 13 of them being reported for the first time in tomato seeds. The major identified compounds were quercetin-3-O-sophoroside, kaempferol-3-O-sophoroside, and isorhamnetin-3-O-sophoroside. A significant cell proliferation inhibition (>80%), against rat basophile leukemia (RBL-2H3) cell line, was observed with this extract (IC(50) = 5980 microg/mL). For acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity, a concentration-dependent effect was verified (IC(20) = 2400 microg/mL). The same behavior was noted regarding antioxidant capacity, evaluated against DPPH (IC(10) = 284 microg/mL), nitric oxide (IC(25) = 396 microg/L), and superoxide radicals (IC(25) = 3 microg/mL).

MODEL JARINGAN SYARAF TIRUAN UNTUK MEMPREDIKSI PARAMETER KUALITAS TOMAT BERDASARKAN PARAMETER WARNA RGB (An artificial neural network model for predicting tomato quality parameters based on color

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Rudiati Evi Masithoh

2013-03-01

Full Text Available Artificial neural networks (ANN was used to predict the quality parameters of tomato, i.e. Brix, citric acid, total carotene, and vitamin C. ANN was developed from Red Green Blue (RGB image data of tomatoes measured using a developed computer vision system (CVS. Qualitative analysis of tomato compositions were obtained from laboratory experiments. ANN model was based on a feedforward backpropagation network with different training functions, namely gradient descent (traingd, gradient descent with the resilient backpropagation (trainrp, Broyden, Fletcher, Goldfrab and Shanno (BFGS quasi-Newton (trainbfg, as well as Levenberg Marquardt (trainlm.  The network structure using logsig and linear (purelin activation function at the hidden and output layer, respectively, and using  the trainlm as a training function resulted in the best performance. Correlation coefficient (r of training and validation process were 0.97 - 0.99 and 0.92 - 0.99, whereas the MAE values ​​ranged from 0.01 to 0.23 and 0.03 to 0.59, respectively. Keywords: Artificial neural network, trainlm, tomato, RGB   Jaringan syaraf tiruan (JST digunakan untuk memprediksi parameter kualitas tomat, yaitu Brix, asam sitrat, karoten total, dan vitamin C. JST dikembangkan dari data Red Green Blue (RGB  citra tomat yang diukur menggunakan computer vision system. Data kualitas tomat diperoleh dari analisis di laboratorium. Struktur model JST didasarkan pada jaringan feedforward backpropagation dengan berbagai fungsi pelatihan, yaitu gradient descent (traingd, gradient descent dengan resilient backpropagation (trainrp, Broyden, Fletcher, Goldfrab dan Shanno (BFGS quasi-Newton (trainbfg, serta Levenberg Marquardt (trainlm. Fungsi pelatihan yang terbaik adalah menggunakan trainlm, serta pada struktur jaringan digunakan fungsi aktivasi logsig pada lapisan tersembunyi dan linier (purelin pada lapisan keluaran. dengan 1000 epoch. Nilai koefisien korelasi (r pada tahap pelatihan dan validasi

Capítulo IV: caracterización morfo-agronómica de especies y variedades botánicas del genero Lycopersicon

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Arango Angel Pedro A.

1994-12-01

Full Text Available

En condiciones de invernadero se renovó la semilla de 58 introducciones del género Lycopersicon. En condiciones de campo se evaluaron cerca de 30 plantas de cada una de las introducciones viables. Además, se realizaron 5 cruzamientos, incluyendo los recíprocos, entre cada una de las introducciones viables y las variedades experimentales Chonto-109 y Napoli-1457. De 58 introducciones solo 16 produjeron semilla viable (L. hirsutum-1408, L. glandulusum   1403 y 1404, L. peruvianum-613 y 1409, L. pimpinellifolium-615, L. esculentum-633, L. pennelli- 632, L. esculentum var. ceraciforme- 183, 616. 923, 1140, 1506 Y 1508, L. esculentum varo grandifolium -1217, L. esculentum validum- 1110. Hubo gran variabilidad en emergencia, precocidad, duración de cosecha, cuajamiento de flores, rendimiento y sus componentes, análisis físico-químico de frutos entre las diferentes introducciones. L. peruvianum- 613 y 1409, L. glandulosum- 1403 y 1404 y L. pimpinellifolium 615 presentaron poco ataque de Scrobipalpula absoluta. Las variedades botánicas de L. esculentum presentaron mayores eficiencias de cruzamiento (84.3 % que las especies de Lycopersicon (27.7 %, cuyas eficiencias fueron: L. esculentum (75%, L. pimpinellifolium (50%, L. hirsutum (40%, L. glandulosum (5% y L. peruvianum (2.5%.

The seeds from 58 introductions of the genus Lycopersicon were multiplied in the glasshouse. Thirty seeding of each introductions producing germinated seed were planted for to observe the characteristics of agronomical interest. Five reciprocal crosses were made with two experimental varieties (Chonto-1091 and Napoli-1457 with the purpose of to study the crossing efficiency of the introductions. From 58 introductions planted on1y 16 produced germinated seeds (L. hirsutum- 1408, L. g1andulosum- 1403 y 1404, L. peruvianum-613 y 1409 L. pimpinellifolium- 615, L. esculentum-633 S. pennelli- 632 L. esculentum var. ceraciforme- 183, 616. 923, 1140, 1506 y 1508 L

Qualidade física e química de mini-tomates Sweet Grape produzidos em cultivo orgânico e convencional

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Darlene Ana de Paula Vieira

2014-08-01

Full Text Available O presente trabalho teve por objetivo comparar os parâmetros utilizados na determinação da qualidade, como altura, diâmetro, massa, cicatriz peduncular, parâmetros instrumentais de cor (L*, a* e b*, pH, teor de sólidos solúveis, acidez total, relação entre o teor de sólidos solúveis e a acidez total, composição centesimal (umidade, cinzas, lipídios, proteína, carboidratos, valor energético total e teor de licopeno de frutos de mini-tomates do cultivar Sweet Grape obtidos em cultivo orgânico e convencional. Utilizou-se delineamento inteiramente ao acaso, com três tratamentos e cinco repetições. As análises foram realizadas por métodos oficias e em triplicata. As dimensões e a cor dos mini-tomates não foram afetadas pelo sistema de cultivo. Os mini-tomates orgânicos do cultivar Sweet Grape, apesar de possuírem teor de umidade (93,68 g 100 g-1 mais elevado em relação aos cultivados em sistema convencional, apresentam maiores teores de cinzas (0,43 g 100 g-1, de proteína (2,16 g 100 g-1, de lipídios (0,38 g 100 g-1, de licopeno (3,22 g 100 g-1 e relação entre os sólidos solúveis totais e a acidez total (2,17, e menor acidez total (3,2 gácido cítrico 100 g-1, teor de carboidratos (3,34 g 100 g-1 e valor energético (24,5 kcal 100 g-1, o que representa para o consumidor vantagem do ponto de vista nutricional, sensorial e funcional.

TAI vacuolar invertase orthologs: the interspecific variability in tomato plants (Solanum section Lycopersicon).

Science.gov (United States)

Slugina, M A; Shchennikova, A V; Kochieva, E Z

2017-10-01

Understanding the genetic mechanisms underlying carbohydrate metabolism can promote the development of biotechnological advances in fruit plants. The flesh tomato fruit represents an ideal system for examining the role of sucrose cleavage enzymes in fruit development, and wild tomato species differing in storage sugars serve as an excellent research material for this purpose. Plant vacuolar invertase is a key enzyme of sucrose metabolism in the sink organs. In the present study, we identified complete gene sequences encoding the TAI vacuolar invertase in 11 wild and one cultivated tomato accessions of the Solanum section Lycopersicon. The average level of interspecific polymorphism in TAI genes was 8.58%; however, in the green-fruited tomatoes, the TAI genes contained 100 times more SNPs than those in the red-fruited accessions. The TAI proteins demonstrated 8% variability, whereas the red-fruited species had none. A TAI-based phylogenetic tree revealed two main clusters containing self-compatible and self-incompatible species, which concurs with the previous crossability-based division and demonstrates that the TAI genes reflect the evolutionary relationships between the red- and green-fruited tomatoes. Furthermore, we detected differential expression patterns of the TAI genes in the fruits of wild and cultivated tomatoes, which corresponded to sugar composition. The polymorphism analysis of the TAI acid invertases of Solanum section Lycopersicon species will contribute to the understanding of the genetic potential of TAI genes to impact tomato breeding through genetic engineering of the carbohydrate composition in the fruit.

Inhibition of Cholinesterases and Some Pro-Oxidant induced Oxidative Stress in Rats Brain by Two Tomato (Lycopersicon Esculentum) Varieties

Science.gov (United States)

Oboh, G.; Bakare, O.O.; Ademosun, A.O.; Akinyemi, A.J.; Olasehinde, T.A.

2015-01-01

This study sought to investigate the effects of two tomato varieties [Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. var. esculentum (ESC) and Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. var. cerasiforme (CER)] on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) activities in vitro. Phenolics content, carotenoids characterisation, inhibition of Fe2+ and quinolinic acid-induced malondialdehyde (MDA) production in rats brain homogenate and NO* scavenging abilities were also assesed in addition to the AChE and BChE inhibition assays. There was no significant difference in the AChE inhibitory ability of the samples, while CER had significantly higher BChE inhibitory activity. Furthermore, the tomatoes inhibited Fe2+ and quinolinic acid-induced MDA production and further exhibited antioxidant activities through their NO* scavenging abilities. There was no significant difference in the phenolic content of the samples, while significantly high amounts of lycopene were detected in the tomatoes. The cholinesterase-inhibition and antioxidant properties of the “tomatoes” could make them good dietary means for the management of neurodegenerative disorders.

El efecto de la disponibilidad de agua durante el crecimiento de Lycopersicon chilense sobre la capacidad de sus semillas para germinar a distintas temperaturas y concentraciones de manitol y NaCl Effect of water availability during the growth of Lycopersicon chilense on the capacity of their seeds to germinate at different temperatures and concentrations of manitol and NaCl

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CARLOS MALDONADO

2002-12-01

Full Text Available El número de semillas producidas por una planta puede estar limitada por factores ambientales adversos, los cuales también pueden afectar el desarrollo, originando semillas no viables. En la Primera Región de Chile hemos observado que Lycopersicon chilense, una especie de tomate endémica del Desierto de Atacama, presenta una alta producción de frutos y de semillas, sin embargo se observa una escasa regeneración de nuevos individuos. Se plantea que esto se debe a dos factores: (a las plantas madres, producto de las condiciones adversas donde crecen desarrollan semillas no viables o (b las semillas son viables pero las condiciones ambientales son desfavorables para la germinación. Se estudió la capacidad germinativa de semillas de Lycopersicon chilense sometidas a distintas temperaturas y concentraciones de manitol y NaCl, provenientes de plantas madres que crecieron con buen abastecimiento hídrico (+H2O y de otro grupo que creció con un abastecimiento hídrico deficiente (-H2O. El nivel de riego tuvo un efecto sobre el número de semillas germinadas y sobre el tiempo que necesitan las semillas para germinar frente a distintas temperaturas y diferentes potenciales hídricos. Las semillas de plantas -H2O fueron capaces de germinar a potenciales hídricos más negativos y en menor tiempo que las semillas provenientes de plantas +H2O en el caso de manitol. Una relación inversa ocurrió respecto a NaCl, en que un mayor porcentaje de germinación y un menor tiempo de germinación se presentó en las semillas provenientes de plantas +H2O. La germinación de L. chilense disminuye progresivamente a potenciales hídricos menores de -0,5 MPa siendo esta disminución más notoria con NaCl, en ambos casos se observó un retraso en la germinación. El óptimo de temperatura para la germinación se encontró entre los 15 y los 25 °C. Lycopersicon chilense no germinó a temperaturas menores de 8 °C y mayores de 35 °C. Los datos mostraron que las

Avaliação ecotoxicológica de solos sob cultivo convencional de tomate e morango

OpenAIRE

Marin, Ericka Broetto

2013-01-01

Os agrotóxicos podem interferir diretamente na cadeia trófica, por proporcionar um desequilíbrio ecológico. Portanto, são necessários estudos que verifiquem em campo se esses compostos estão sendo aplicados no solo em concentrações que não prejudiquem os organismos aquáticos e terrestres. Dessa maneira, foram avaliados solos sob o cultivo convencional de tomate e morango dos municípios de Venda Nova do Imigrante e Domingos Martins, ES. Por meio de ensaios ecotoxicológicos (Pseudokirchnerie...

Abscisic Acid Accumulation by Roots of Xanthium strumarium L. and Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. in Relation to Water Stress.

Science.gov (United States)

Cornish, K; Zeevaart, J A

1985-11-01

Plants of Xanthium strumarium L. and Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. cv ;Rheinlands Ruhm' were grown in solution culture, and control and steam-girdled intact plants were stressed. Detached roots of both species were stressed to different extents in two ways: (a) either in warm air or, (b) in the osmoticum Aquacide III. The roots of both species produced and accumulated progressively more abscisic acid (ABA), the greater the stress inflicted by either method. ABA-glucose ester levels in Xanthium roots were not affected by water stress and were too low to be the source of the stress-induced ABA. The fact that ABA accumulated in detached roots and in roots of girdled plants proves that ABA was synthesized in the roots and not merely transported from the shoots.Maximum ABA accumulation in detached roots occurred after 60 to 70% loss of fresh weight. In Xanthium roots, ABA levels continued to increase for at least 11 hours, and no catabolism was apparent when stressed roots were immersed in water, although the roots did stop accumulating ABA. When osmotically stressed, Xanthium roots reached a maximum ABA level after 2 hours, but ABA continued to rise in the medium.Under optimal stress conditions, endogenous ABA levels increased 100 times over their prestress values in detached roots of Xanthium, and 15 times in Lycopersicon under nonoptimal stress, when endogenous ABA was expressed as concentrations based on tissue water content. These are much greater relative increases than observed in the leaves (15 times in Xanthium, 3 times in Lycopersicon), although the roots contain substantially less ABA than the leaves in all circumstances. The results suggest that the endogenous level of ABA in roots could rise appreciably prior to leaf wilt, and could modify the plant's water economy before the leaves become stressed.

PENGEMBANGAN COMPUTER VISION SYSTEM SEDERHANA UNTUK MENENTUKAN KUALITAS TOMAT Development of a simple Computer Vision System to determine tomato quality

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Rudiati Evi Masithoh

2012-05-01

Full Text Available The purpose of this research was to develop a simple computer vision system (CVS to non-destructively measure tomato quality based on its Red Gren Blue (RGB color parameter. Tomato quality parameters measured were Brix, citric acid, vitamin C, and total sugar. This system consisted of a box to place object, a webcam to capture images, a computer to process images, illumination system, and an image analysis software which was equipped with artificial neural networks technique for determining tomato quality. Network architecture was formed with 3 layers consisting of1 input layer with 3 input neurons, 1 hidden layer with 14 neurons using logsig activation function, and 5 output layers using purelin activation function by using backpropagation training algorithm. CVS developed was able to predict the quality parameters of a Brix value, vitamin C, citric acid, and total sugar. To obtain the predicted values which were equal or close to the actual values, a calibration model was required. For Brix value, the actual value obtained from the equation y = 12,16x – 26,46, with x was Brix predicted. The actual values of vitamin C, citric acid, and total sugar were obtained from y = 1,09x - 3.13, y = 7,35x – 19,44,  and  y = 1.58x – 0,18,, with x was the value of vitamin C, citric acid, and total sugar, respectively. ABSTRAK Tujuan penelitian adalah mengembangkan computer vision system (CVS sederhana untuk menentukan kualitas tomat secara non­destruktif berdasarkan parameter warna Red Green Blue (RGB. Parameter kualitas tomat yang diukur ada­ lah Brix, asam sitrat, vitamin C, dan gula total. Sistem ini terdiri peralatan utama yaitu kotak untuk meletakkan obyek, webcam untuk menangkap citra, komputer untuk mengolah data, sistem penerangan, dan perangkat lunak analisis citra yang dilengkapi dengan jaringan syaraf tiruan untuk menentukan kualitas tomat. Arsitektur jaringan dibentuk dengan3 lapisan yang terdiri dari 1 lapisan masukan dengan 3 sel

Capítulo VIII: heredabilidad del rendimiento y sus componentes en tomate, Lycopersicon esculentum, Mill.; correlaciones genéticas y ambientales

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Lobo Arias Mario

1994-12-01

Full Text Available

El presente estudio se desarrolló con el fin de determinar la heredabilidad, en sentido amplio, del rendimiento y sus componentes en tomate y a la vez describir las relaciones genotípicas y ambientales para dichos componentes en una población constituida por tres líneas endocriadas (Ponderosa Red, Chonto y Red Cherry como progenitores y las F₁ provenientes de los cruzamientos entre los progenitores en una sola dirección. La heredabilidad se estimó en base a los cuadrados medios esperados del análisis de varianza y las correlaciones genotípicas y ambientales en base a los cuadrados medios esperados del análisis de varianza y productos cruzados medios del análisis de covarianza. Para el rendimiento se estimó una heredabilidad de 79.3%, para el número total de frutos de 93.107%, para peso promedio de de fruto de 4.25%. Los coeficientes de correlación genotípicos estimados fueron: para número de frutos por planta y peso promedio de frutos de -0.985; para número de inflorescencias por planta y número de frutos por inflorescencia de 0,541; para número de lóculos por fruto y peso promedio de lóculos de 0.826. Los coeficientes de correlación ambiental estimados fueron: para número de frutos por planta y peso promedio de frutos de -0.512; para rendimiento y número de frutos por planta de -0.065; para rendimiento y peso promedio de frutos de 0.613; para número de inflorescencias y número de frutos por inflorescencias de -0.878; para número de lóculos por fruto y peso promedio de lóculos de -0.779. Lo anterior indica que el método de mejoramiento para rendimiento, dentro de la población estudiada, seria la selección, tomando como índice de selección apropiado el peso promedio de frutos pero sin descuidar el número de frutos. Se debe maximizar las condiciones favorables de suelo y manejo de cultivo para permitir una adecuada manifestación de los dos componentes primarios del rendimiento.

This study

ANÁLISE DOS ASPECTOS ECONÔMICOS E AMBIENTAIS DA CADEIA AGROINDUSTRIAL DO TOMATE NO ESTADO DE GOIÁS

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Claudia Regina Rosal Carvalho

2009-06-01

Full Text Available ResumoO presente artigo analisa a conjuntura do setor agroindustrial produtor de tomate para processamento através da verificação dos recentes movimentos estratégicos das empresas, assim como do restante da cadeia produtiva, para que se possam comprovar os impactos da relação existente entre o setor produtor de matéria-prima e a indústria processadora. Com isso, é possível identificar os novos campos organizacionais a partir dos interesses dessa relação. O dinamismo da produção que leva em consideração o aprofundamento da especialização e a diversificação produtiva, além de outras estratégias, visa um aumento da produtividade e a busca por maior lucratividade. Como conseqüência, o resultado desse processo foi um novo dinamismo para o setor e mudanças de localização, projetando também problemas como a concentração da oferta de produtos, a aceleração da mudança tecnológica, os desequilíbrios regionais e impactos ambientais derivados desse novo modelo organizacional baseado nos contratos.

Desarrollo de una metodología de infestación artificial de plantas de tomate con el pasador del fruto

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Estrada Salazar Edgar Iván

2008-12-01

Full Text Available En un diseño de bloques completos al azar se confinaron en jaulas (1.5 x 1.5 x 1.8 m dos plantas de tomate (S. lycopersicum cv. Maravilla, podadas a dos tallos, con hembras de Neoleucinodes elegantalis (una, dos, cuatro y seis adultos, y el testigo. Los tratamientos se repitieron cuatro veces. Se evaluaron por planta las variables frutos afectados por pasador (% y número promedio de orificios de entrada del pasador por fruto. Se presentaron diferencias significativas entre tratamientos solo para la variable frutos afectados por pasador (%. Con la introducción de una hembra en el interior de la jaula se incrementaron en 5.29% los frutos afectados. Para obtener pérdida de frutos similar a la que se presenta en lotes comerciales muy susceptibles (50-60% se requirió la introducción de seis hembras en la jaula.

Abscisic Acid Accumulation by Roots of Xanthium strumarium L. and Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. in Relation to Water Stress 1

Science.gov (United States)

Cornish, Katrina; Zeevaart, Jan A. D.

1985-01-01

Plants of Xanthium strumarium L. and Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. cv `Rheinlands Ruhm' were grown in solution culture, and control and steam-girdled intact plants were stressed. Detached roots of both species were stressed to different extents in two ways: (a) either in warm air or, (b) in the osmoticum Aquacide III. The roots of both species produced and accumulated progressively more abscisic acid (ABA), the greater the stress inflicted by either method. ABA-glucose ester levels in Xanthium roots were not affected by water stress and were too low to be the source of the stress-induced ABA. The fact that ABA accumulated in detached roots and in roots of girdled plants proves that ABA was synthesized in the roots and not merely transported from the shoots. Maximum ABA accumulation in detached roots occurred after 60 to 70% loss of fresh weight. In Xanthium roots, ABA levels continued to increase for at least 11 hours, and no catabolism was apparent when stressed roots were immersed in water, although the roots did stop accumulating ABA. When osmotically stressed, Xanthium roots reached a maximum ABA level after 2 hours, but ABA continued to rise in the medium. Under optimal stress conditions, endogenous ABA levels increased 100 times over their prestress values in detached roots of Xanthium, and 15 times in Lycopersicon under nonoptimal stress, when endogenous ABA was expressed as concentrations based on tissue water content. These are much greater relative increases than observed in the leaves (15 times in Xanthium, 3 times in Lycopersicon), although the roots contain substantially less ABA than the leaves in all circumstances. The results suggest that the endogenous level of ABA in roots could rise appreciably prior to leaf wilt, and could modify the plant's water economy before the leaves become stressed. PMID:16664467

Valoração dos atributos de qualidade do tomate de mesa: um estudo com atacadistas da CEAGESP Valuation of the quality attributes of tomato for fresh market: a study with CEAGESP wholesalers

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Sabrina L de Oliveira

2012-06-01

Full Text Available A grande variação no valor do tomate de mesa, do mesmo grupo varietal, mesma classificação e no mesmo dia de comercialização, no mercado atacadista da CEAGESP, tem entre suas causas mais importantes a diferença de qualidade nos atributos destes frutos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi criar uma ferramenta de avaliação dos atributos de qualidade considerados importantes para o tomate de mesa e, a partir da avaliação, apontar os mais relevantes na diferença de valor praticado na comercialização da CEAGESP. Primeiramente, foram levantados os principais atributos que determinam a qualidade do tomate de mesa a partir de entrevista com agentes de comercialização de tomate da CEAGESP. A partir deste levantamento, foi criado um gabarito de avaliação visual da qualidade. Por fim, foram levantados os lotes de tomate de mesa de preço máximo e os de preço mínimo para três classificações (graúdo, médio e miúdo comercializados no mesmo dia, avaliando-se os seus atributos de qualidade por dois sistemas: sistema I - avaliação dos atributos de qualidade por meio de notas de desempenho de acordo com o gabarito, e o sistema II - levantamento da frequência de ocorrência de cada atributo avaliado no lote de tomate. Os atributos que determinam a qualidade do tomate, segundo os agentes de comercialização de tomate da CEAGESP, são: o tamanho (tipo ou calibre, a coloração do fruto, a ausência de defeitos, durabilidade, embalagem e sabor. Os atributos determinantes na variação de preços avaliados pelo sistema I são embalagens paletizáveis e embalagens que proporcionem um adequado empilhamento, enquanto que, para o sistema II, estes atributos são: frutos sem danos superficiais de casca e proteção adequada da embalagem contra injúrias mecânicas.The great variation in the value of tomato from the same variety group, same classification and on the same day of marketing, registered by the Terminal Market of CEAGESP, were related to

Redução de perdas pós-colheita em tomate de mesa acondicionado em três tipos de caixas Reduction of tomato post-harvest losses stored in three different types of boxes

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Rita Fátima A. Luengo

2001-07-01

Full Text Available Atualmente, no Brasil, a embalagem mais usada para tomate continua sendo a caixa de madeira que era usada para transportar querosene na segunda guerra mundial, há meio século, conhecida como caixa "K". Esta embalagem possui características que favorecem as injúrias mecânicas e comprometem a durabilidade e qualidade das hortaliças, como o fato de apresentar superfície áspera, alojar patógenos, profundidade excessiva, possuir aberturas laterais cortantes. Considerando os problemas da caixa K e a necessidade de proteção do tomate, a Embrapa Hortaliças iniciou, em janeiro de 1997, pesquisa para geração de uma embalagem adequada para acondicionamento e transporte de tomate. A embalagem definitiva foi testada em relação à caixa 'K' e caixa de plástico existente no mercado. Nos frutos de tomate foram avaliados a variação de matéria fresca, vida útil, cor, danos mecânicos, variação da firmeza, teor relativo de água e deterioração. A nova embalagem foi nomeada caixa Embrapa e apresenta menores percentagens de danos mecânicos, provavelmente a característica mais importante avaliada, reduzindo perdas pós-colheita em tomate de mesa.The most common box used for harvested vegetables in Brazil is the wood one which was used for kerosene transporting during second world war, in 1945. This box causes mechanical damage and reduces vegetables shelf-life and quality, due to its rough surface allowing pathogen colonization, due to the excessive number of fruit layers, and due to the lateral cut openings. Considering the problems of the K box and the necessity of protecting tomato fruits, Embrapa Hortaliças began in January 1997 a research to develop an adequate box to protect tomato fruits. The definitive box, named "Embrapa box", was compared with the K box and the most common plastic boxes from the market. The weight, shelf-life, color, mechanical damage, firmness, relative water content and deterioration were evaluated. The damage

Callus induction and plant regeneration of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum cv. IPA 5 via anther culture Indução de calos e regeneração de plantas a partir do cultivo in vitro de anteras de tomate (Lycopersicon esculentum cv. IPA 5

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Ana Christina Rabello Brasileiro

1999-12-01

Full Text Available Different growth regulators combinations were tested on the production of anther callus in tomato cultivar IPA 5. Calli were induced on media supplemented with 1.0mgL-1 gibberellic acid (GA3, 0.05mgL-1 alpha-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA plus 0.1mgL-1 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP, or with 1.0mgL-1 BAP plus 1.0mgL-1 NAA. The medium containing 1.0mgL-1 BAP and 1.0mgL-1 NAA produced the highest calli frequency, and promoted plant regeneration by indirect organogenesis, when calli were transferred to 0.01mgL-1 BAP and 0.001mgL-1 NAA. Plants regenerated presented tetraploid cells and rare diploid cells. These tetraploid plants could be used as source for further obtainment of trisomic lines, for the purpose of genic localization studies and protein compounds analysis.Diferentes combinações de reguladores de crescimento foram testadas na produção de calos a partir do cultivo de anteras de tomate cultivar IPA 5. Calos foram induzidos no meio suplementado com 1,0mgL-1 de ácido giberélico (GA3 + 0,05mgL-1 de alfa-ácido naftalenoacético (ANA + 0,1mgL-1 de 6-benzilaminopurina (BAP, ou com 1,0mgL-1 de BAP + 1,0mgL-1 de ANA. O meio contendo 1,0mgL-1 de BAP e 1,0mgL-1 de ANA produziu a maior freqüência de calos e promoveu a regeneração de plantas através de organogênese indireta, quando os calos foram transferidos para 0,01mgL-1 de BAP e 0,001mgL-1 de ANA. As plantas regeneradas apresentaram células tetraplóides e, raramente, células diplóides. Estas plantas tetraplóides podem servir como fonte para posterior obtenção de linhagens trissômicas, para serem utilizadas em estudos de localização gênica e em análises de compostos protéicos.

Identification of the pI 4.6 extensin peroxidase from Lycopersicon esculentum using proteomics and reverse-genomics

OpenAIRE

Dong, Wen; Kieliszewski, Marcia; Held, Michael A.

2014-01-01

The regulation of plant cell growth and early defense response involves the insolubilization of hydroxyproline-rich glycoproteins (HRGPs), such as extensin, in the primary cell wall. In tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum), insolublization occurs by the formation of tyrosyl-crosslinks catalyzed specifically by the pI 4.6 extensin peroxidase (EP). To date, neither the gene encoding EP nor the protein itself has been identified. Here, we’ve identified tomato EP candidates using both proteomic and b...

Effect of glutathione on phytochelatin synthesis in tomato cells. [Lycopersicon esculentum

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Mendum, M.L.; Gupta, S.C.; Goldsbrough, P.B. (Purdue Univ., West Lafayette, IN (USA))

1990-06-01

Growth of cell suspension cultures of tomato, Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. cv VFNT-Cherry, in the presence of cadmium is inhibited by buthionine sulfoximine, an inhibitor of glutathione synthesis. Cell growth and phytochelatin synthesis are restored to cells treated with buthionine sulfoximine by the addition of glutathione to the medium. Glutathione stimulates the accumulation of phytochelatins in cadmium treated cells, indicating that availability of glutathione can limit synthesis of these peptides. Exogenous glutathione causes a disproportionate increase in the level of smaller phytochelatins, notably ({gamma}-Glu-Cys){sub 2}-Gly. In the presence of buthionine sulfoximine and glutathione, phytochelatins that are produced upon exposure to cadmium incorporate little ({sup 35}S)cysteine, indicating that these peptides are probably not synthesized by sequential addition of cysteine and glutamate to glutathione.

Response of tomato to different concentrations of nutrients Respuesta del tomate chonto cultivar Unapal Maravilla,

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Mejía de Tafur Maria Sara

2007-06-01

Full Text Available In the greenhouse of the Universidad Nacional de Colombia at Palmira branch an experiment to determine the nutritional requirements of tomato UNAPAL Maravilla under hidroponic system, using reactive degree salts and distilled water was carried out. The data demonstrated that the suitable stage of development to determine the nutricional requirements is 47 days after planting, since the plants are in preflowering, shortly before beginning the linear phase of growth. The nutritionale requirement of tomato is: N, 13 - 20 mM; P, 1 - 1,5 mM; K, 5 - 8 mM; Ca, 4 - 6 mM; and Mg, 2 - 4 mM.En las casas de malla de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia Sede Palmira se realizó un experimento con el objetivo de determinar los requerimientos nutricionales del tomate UNAPAL Maravilla para lo cual se empleó el sistema de hidroponía con sales grado reactivo y agua destilada y se escogió un diseño completamente al azar con 16 tratamientos y cinco repeticiones, se realizaron evaluaciones a los 27, 34, 42, 54 y 92 dds. La etapa de desarrollo adecuada para determinar los requerimientos nutricionales se presentó a los 47 dds en prefloración, poco antes de comenzar la fase lineal de crecimiento. Los requerimientos de N estuvieron entre 13 - 20 mM; los de P, 1 - 1.5 mM; los de K, 5 - 8 mM; los de Ca, 4 - 6 mM; y los de Mg, 2 - 4 mM.

Beneficios de la cobertura muerta para el cultivo del tomate (Solanumlycopersicum L. en Sancti Spíritus, Cuba.

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Kolima Peña Calzada

2012-04-01

Full Text Available El objetivo de la investigación fue evaluar la utilización de biomasa vegetal como cobertura muerta del suelo en el cultivo del tomate. Se realizaron dos experimentos en dos agroecosistemas y se utilizó como cobertura biomasa vegetal de ambas fincas. Los experimentos fueron montados en bloque al azar con tres y cuatro repeticiones. El experimento 1 constó de tres tratamientos, uno cubierto con guinea (PanicummaximaPers., otro con junco de laguna (ScirpuslacustrisL. y un Control. En el 2 se aplicaron cuatro tratamientos, uno cubierto con restos de cosecha de arroz (Oryza sativa L. otro con guinea (Panicum máxima, otro con hojas de plátano (Musa paradisiaca L. y un Control. Se realizaron mediciones de temperatura de suelo durante 8 semanas, a las 8:00 horas a las 11:00 horas a las 14:00 horas y 17:00 horas. Además se evaluaron las características morfoagronómicas del cultivo (número de frutos por planta, diámetro y masa de los mismos y el rendimiento productivo. Las características morfoagronómicas mostraron los mejores resultados en los tratamientos cubiertos. Los rendimientos en ambos experimentos fueron estadísticamente superiores donde se utilizó la cobertura del suelo.

Caracterização da comercialização de tomate de mesa na CEAGESP: perfil dos atacadistas Characterization and commercialization of fresh tomatoes at CEASA: profile of wholesalers

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Caroline Andreuccetti

2005-06-01

Full Text Available Os Centros de Abastecimento, conhecidos por CEASAS, são pontos de concentração física da produção de hortigranjeiros e flores oriundos de diversas regiões do país. As mercadorias são destinadas aos atacadistas, que podem também ser produtores rurais ou apenas intermediários. O tomate possui grande representatividade de comercialização dentro dessas centrais de abastecimento. A partir de questionários, identificou-se o perfil dos comerciantes de tomate de mesa na CEAGESP. Constatou-se que 45,8% dos entrevistados possuem um volume médio de tomate comercializado durante o ano maior que 10.000 toneladas, sendo que, desses, 70,8% possuem produção própria de tomate. As cultivares Carmen e Débora foram as líderes de comercialização no período avaliado. Os resultados apontaram que os atacadistas comercializam com mais de um tipo de comprador, sendo os principais feirantes e supermercados, com ampla utilização da embalagem de madeira, caixa K, seguindo com 20,8% em caixas plásticas e 16,7% com caixas de papelão. Os permissionários comercializam o tomate classificado, seja manualmente (58,4%, ou usando máquinas (8,3% ou ambos os procedimentos (33,3%, porém os índices de padronização não são satisfatórios, encontrando-se numa mesma caixa mistura intensa de graus de coloração e tamanhos variados, o que leva a 45,8% do produto a ser reclassificado.The Terminal Markets are the main centers for distribution of vegetables, fruits and flowers from different States of Brazil. The CEAGESP wholesalers can be shippers or growers. The amount of tomato commercialized in these terminal markets is very expressive. It was possible to determine the profile and the main features of the wholesale market at CEAGESP. About 45.8% of the wholesalers had an average commercialization volume of 10,000 tons/year, and 70.8% of them commercialize their own production. Cultivars Carmen and Débora were the leaders on the market. The results

Economic analysis of the intercropping of lettuce and tomato in different seasons under protected cultivation Análise econômica de consórcios de alface e tomate estabelecidos em diferentes épocas em ambiente protegido

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Arthur Bernardes Cecílio Filho

2010-09-01

IP of 85%.A alface e o tomate são hortaliças que, em determinadas condições, podem ser cultivadas em ambiente protegido. Sob esta condição de cultivo, consorciá-las é uma alternativa para otimizar custos. Avaliou-se a viabilidade econômica de quatro cultivos consorciados de alface e tomate, em ambiente protegido, na UNESP, em Jaboticabal-SP. Os consórcios foram estabelecidos pelo transplante de alface 0, 10, 20 e 30 dias após o transplante (DAT do tomate e vice-versa, em duas épocas (abril a setembro de 2003 e janeiro a junho de 2004, assim como monoculturas das duas hortaliças. Quando a alface foi transplantada 0, 10 e 20 dias após o transplante (DAT do tomate, na primeira época de cultivo, e 0 DAT, na segunda época, os lucros operacionais (LO foram superiores ao observado nas monoculturas. As taxas de retorno (TR, no primeiro cultivo, apresentaram o mesmo comportamento de LO, enquanto, na segunda época, TR dos consórcios foram inferiores às das monoculturas. Consórcios com o transplante do tomate após alface, na primeira e segunda época de cultivo, apresentaram LO superiores aos das monoculturas. TR de consórcios foram superiores às de monoculturas, independentemente da época em que foram estabelecidos. Os índices de lucratividade (IL da monocultura de tomate foram muito próximos aos do consórcio e maiores do que os da monocultura de alface. Os consórcios e monoculturas da primeira época apresentaram maiores TR, IL e LO do que na segunda época. Os indicadores econômicos ratificaram a viabilidade produtiva (expressa pelo índice de uso eficiente da área dos consórcios com transplante de alface e tomate simultaneamente, nas duas épocas; alface 10 e 20 DAT após tomate, na primeira época e; todos os consórcios com transplante de tomate após a alface. O melhor resultado econômico foi obtido no plantio de abril a setembro com transplantes das duas culturas na mesma data. Para essa condição, foram obtidos os maiores índices: LO m

Gamma radiation induced cytological abnormalities in Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. var. pusa ruby

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Jayabalan, N.; Rao, G.R.

1987-03-01

Healthy dry seeds of pusa ruby variety of Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. were irradiated with gamma rays at 10 KR, 20 KR, 30 KR, 40 KR and 50 KR dose levels. Meiotic studies were made in treated plants as well as in control plants. At metaphase I, meiotic abnormalities like clumping and stickiness of chromosomes, univalents, multivalents, fragments and irregular grouping of chromosomes were observed. At anaphase I, there were laggards and unequal grouping of chromosomes at poles. Germination percentage and pollen fertility were also studied. Pollen sterility seems to be the cumulative result of various abnormal meiotic stages as well as of physiological and genetic damages induced probably by breakage of chromosomes. The frequency of meiotic abnormalities with reference to the effect of radiation doses is discussed.

Phosphate Starvation Inducible Metabolism in Lycopersicon esculentum1

Science.gov (United States)

Goldstein, Alan H.; Baertlein, Dawn A.; McDaniel, Robert G.

1988-01-01

Both tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum cv VF 36) plants and suspension cultured cells show phosphate starvation inducible (psi) excretion of acid phosphatase (Apase). Apase excretion in vitro was proportional to the level of exogenous orthophosphate (Pi). Intracellular Apase activity remained the same in both Pi-starved and sufficient cells, while Apase excreted by the starved cells increased by as much as six times over unstressed control cells on a dry weight basis. At peak induction, 50% of total Apase was excreted. Ten day old tomato seedlings grown without Pi showed slight growth reduction versus unstressed control plants. The Pi-depleted roots showed psi enhancement of Apase activity. Severely starved seedlings (17 days) reached only one-third of the biomass of unstressed control plants but, because of a combination of psi Apase excretion by roots and a shift in biomass to this organ, they excreted 5.5 times the Apase activity of the unstressed control. Observed psi Apase excretion may be part of a phosphate starvation rescue system in plants. The utility of the visible indicator dye 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl-phosphate-p-toluidine as a phenotypic marker for plant Apase excretion is demonstrated. Images Fig. 5 PMID:16666212

SELECCIÓN Y REGENERACIÓN in vitro DE SOMACLONES DE TOMATE DE ÁRBOL (Solanum betacea cav. Sendt UTILIZANDO FILTRADOS DE CULTIVO DE Colletotrichum acutatum CON ACTIVIDAD PECTINASA SELECTION AND in vitro REGENERATION OF SOMACLONES OF TREE TOMATO (Solanum betacea cav. Sendt USING CULTURE FILTRATES OF Colletotrichum acutatum WITH PECTINASA ACTIVITY

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Carlos Patiño Torres

2007-12-01

Full Text Available Se utilizaron filtrados de cultivo de Colletotrichum acutatum, agente causal de la antracnosis del tomate de árbol, para la selección in vitro de variantes somaclonales de ésta planta con resistencia potencial a la enfermedad. El filtrado, utilizado a varias concentraciones, demostró ser un agente de selección efectivo cuando se integró al medio de cultivo, pues causó niveles elevados de mortalidad de los explantes comparado con los tratamientos sin filtrado. Igualmente, se estudió el efecto de la benziladenina (BA ó BAP sobre la respuesta organogénica de explantes de tejido foliar de tomate de árbol.Culture filtrates of Colletotrichum acutatum, causal agent of the anthracnose disease in tree tomato, were used for the in vitro selection of somaclonal variants with potential resistance to this disease. Culture filtrates used at different concentrations, showed to be an effective agent of selection when they were mixed with the growth media. The findings indicated a high level of mortality for the explants growing on the ammended media as compared with these growing on non ammended one. The effect of the benziladenina (BA ó BAP on the organogenic response of leaf explants of tomato tree was also studied.

Seguimiento del proceso de maduración del tomate (licopersicum esculentum mili) y desarrollo de normas preliminares de calidad

OpenAIRE

Fajardo C., Rosalba; Mahecha, Gabriela

2010-01-01

El presente trabajo describe los cambios de algunos parámetros fisicoquímicos, durante la maduración del tomate a temperatura ambiente, en las dos variedades más consumidas en Colombia como son el Chonto y el Milano. Se encontraron coeficientes de correlación significativos entre el tiempo de madurez y los siguientes parámetros: Pérdida de peso, viscosidad de la pulpa, dureza, índice de madurez, acidez, y vitamina C en las dos variedades. El pH sólo presentó correlación significativa para el ...

Estudio de los componentes antioxidantes y actividad antioxidante en tomates

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Luz M. Zapata

2007-01-01

Full Text Available El objetivo de este estudio fue investigar la concentración de los componentes antioxidantes presentes en el tomate y la actividad antioxidante total durante su crecimiento, almacenamiento, maduración y comercialización. Los antioxidantes analizados fueron: licopeno, β-caroteno, ácido L-ascórbico y fenoles totales. La actividad antioxidante se midió utilizando los métodos: "Ferric reducing/antioxidant power" (FRAP y decoloración del β-caroteno. Los antioxidantes ácido L-ascórbico, licopeno y β-caroteno fueron 2,6 veces mayor en la comercialización respecto de los valores iniciales, mientras que la actividad antioxidante en la última etapa fue 2,1 y 3,5 veces más alta que en el crecimiento para los métodos FRAP y decoloración de b-caroteno, respectivamente. En consecuencia, el consumidor dispone de un fruto rico en antioxidantes, lo que le atribuye la capacidad de captación de los radicales libres presentes en nuestro cuerpo que podrían disminuir los riesgos que contraer enfermedades crónicas.

DIAGNOSTIC OF TOMATO PRODUTION IN GOIANÁPOLIS, GOIÁS, BRAZIL DIAGNÓSTICO DA CULTURA DO TOMATE DE MESA NO MUNICÍPIO DE GOIANÁPOLIS, ESTADO DE GOIÁS, BRASIL

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José Ferreira de Noronha

2007-09-01

Full Text Available

This study was concerned with high utilization of pesticides in tomato production, its cost, profitability and enviromental and humam impacts, in the Region of Goianápolis, GO. The data coverd the 1999-2000 harvest. The results show that, amongst the 29 pesticides used by farmers, seven are extremely dangerous, four are very dangerous; eight are dangerous and ten are less dangerous, to human health and the enviroment. Tomatoe producers apply these pesticides, on the average, three times per week. Pesticide containers are disposed in three ways: burnned, burried ou sent to the county sanitary deposit. The Long Life type of tomato presented avergage productivity of 174 boxes/one thousand plants and the Santa Cruz type 130 boxes/one thousand plants. This type of tomatoe production costs were 3.58% higher than the Santa Cruz variety average productivity was 167 boxes/one thousand plants or 56.98 tons/hectare. The tomatoe production markets are the Ceasas in Goiânia and Anápolis and direct sales to buyers from several States. In this case farmers have no waranty that they will receive for their sales to other states. Payment is made by pre-dated check based on the buyers trust. But, it is not unusual to observe cases where final payment is not made and the producers assume total loss.

Este estudo foi realizado a partir de um censo entre 23 produtores de tomate de mesa. Procurou-se estudar as tecnologias utilizadas, a composição dos custos, a rentabilidade desta atividade e os meios de comercialização da produção do tomate de mesa na região de Goianápolis (GO, no período de setembro de 1999 a julho de 2000. Os dados foram coletados por meio de um questionário individual aplicado aos produtores, que foram visitados periodicamente. Esses produtores foram agrupados de acordo com a tecnologia usada (grupos e

Asimetría en la transmisión de precios del tomate en el occidente de México

OpenAIRE

Imelda Rosana Cih Dzul; José Luis Jaramillo Villanueva; Miguel Ángel Martínez Damián; Rita Schwentesius Rindermann; Mario Alberto Tornero Campante

2013-01-01

Se utilizó el concepto de transmisión de precios para evaluar el proceso de integración vertical de un mercado agrícola y sus posibles implicaciones en la distribución de los márgenes de comercialización consumidor-productor. El objetivo del trabajo fue cuantificar y caracterizar la transmisión vertical de precios del tomate en el mercado de Guadalajara, Jalisco, México. Se utilizó un modelo económico de transmisión de precios estimado por mínimos cuadrados ordinarios, porque las series de pr...

Evaluación de distintas materias primas para la producción de almácigo de tomate

OpenAIRE

Fernando Richmond

2010-01-01

Se evaluaron mezclas de materias primas naturales en diferentes proporciones y en el siguiente orden: fibra de coco (Cocos nucifera), aserrín de melina (Gmelina arborea) y abono orgánico Coope Victoria, para utilizarlos como sustrato en la etapa de almácigo de tomate híbrido FBM-17. Se hicieron mezclas entre sí de fibra de coco y aserrín de melina en diferentes proporciones (30%, 40% y 50% de cada material), para un total de 9 tratamientos; el abono orgánico se agregó para completar el 100%. ...

Gamma radiation induced cytological abnormalities in Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. var. pusa ruby

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Jayabalan, N.; Rao, G.R.

1987-01-01

Healthy dry seeds of pusa ruby variety of Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. were irradiated with gamma rays at 10 KR, 20 KR, 30 KR, 40 KR and 50 KR dose levels. Meiotic studies were made in treated plants as well as in control plants. At metaphase I, meiotic abnormalities like clumping and stickiness of chromosomes, univalents, multivalents, fragments and irregular grouping of chromosomes were observed. At anaphase I, there were laggards and unequal grouping of chromosomes at poles. Germination percentage and pollen fertility were also studied. Pollen sterility seems to be the cumulative result of various abnormal meiotic stages as well as of physiological and genetic damages induced probably by breakage of chromosomes. The frequency of meiotic abnormalities with reference to the effect of radiation doses is discussed. (author)

Fontes de resistência em acessos de Solanum (secção Lycopersicon a Verticillium dahliae raças 1 e 2 Sources of resistance to Verticillium dahliae races 1 and 2 in accessions of Solanum (section Lycopersicon

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Bruno Eduardo C de Miranda

2010-12-01

Full Text Available A murcha-de-verticílio (Verticillium dahliae é uma das doenças mais severas do tomateiro (Solanum lycopersicum L.. Duas raças fisiológicas de V. dahliae foram caracterizadas infectando o tomateiro e ambas estão presentes no Brasil. A estratégia de controle mais efetiva para isolados da raça 1 tem sido a utilização de cultivares resistentes em associação com práticas culturais. Entretanto, não existem cultivares comerciais de tomate resistentes à raça 2 do patógeno. Neste contexto, torna-se importante a identificação de novas fontes de resistência que sejam efetivas contra as duas raças de V. dahliae. Buscou-se fontes de resistência a isolados de V. dahliae (raças 1 e 2. Cem acessos de uma coleção de germoplasma contendo espécies cultivadas e selvagens de Solanum (secção Lycopersicon foram inicialmente inoculados pelo método de imersão de raízes com um isolado de V. dahliae raça 1 (5 mL de uma suspensão de 10(6 conídios/mL em condições de casa de vegetação. A avaliação foi feita aos 30 dias após a inoculação, usando uma escala de notas variando de 1 (planta sadia a 5 (planta morta. Foram considerados resistentes os acessos que apresentaram nota média entre 1 e 2. Um grupo composto por 38 acessos classificados como resistentes neste primeiro ensaio foi reavaliado para resistência a outros quatro isolados de V. dahliae pertencentes às raças 1 e 2. As cultivares Ponderosa e Floradade foram utilizadas como controles. O ensaio foi conduzido em casa de vegetação em delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso em arranjo fatorial 5 x 40, com três repetições (vasos com quatro plantas. A avaliação foi feita baseada nos parâmetros epidemiológicos: período de incubação e índice de doença. Foram identificados acessos com resistência raça-específica e também com resistência a ambas as raças. Estes acessos podem ser indicados para futuros programas de melhoramento genético visando incorporar

Producción de tomate y dinámica microbiológica del suelo de invernáculo al aplicar vermicompostas

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O. Robledo

2010-01-01

Full Text Available En el presente trabajo se analizan los efectos de la incorporación de vermicompostas a suelo de invernáculo previamente tratado con insecticida carbofurán, estudiando las siguientes variables: la estructura de la comunidad bacteriana, la actividad microbiana y la productividad de un cultivo de tomate (Lycopersicum esculentum cv. Dominique. La actividad microbiana estudiada por hidrólisis de FDA mostró que las vermicompostas con menor periodo de curado, provocaron un aumento significativo en ésta, observándose una correlación no lineal inversa con el peso total de frutos cosechados, indicando un posible efecto de inmovilización microbiana de elementos nutritivos. La comunidad bacteriana estudiada por Terminal Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphisms (T-RFLP del gen ARNr 16S, mostró que las enmiendas provocaron una modificación en dicha comunidad, observándose incrementos en la abundancia relativa de algunos fragmentos de restricción terminales (T-RFs correspondientes para géneros con propiedades promotoras del crecimiento vegetal como: Pseudomonas y Pantoea. Los análisis de agrupamiento (cluster y de componentes principales (PCA revelaron que la estructura de la comunidad bacteriana del suelo sin aplicación de carbofurán ni vermicompostas (SFV, presentó mayor similitud con las de suelo con enmiendas que con las de suelo tratado con pesticida y sin enmiendas, sugiriendo que las vermicompostas podrían restaurar el efecto perturbador del pesticida. En uno de los tratamientos con vermicompostas (FVCP se observó un incremento significativo en el peso promedio de los frutos cosechados. Estos resultados sugieren que el efecto favorable de las vermicompostas en la productividad del suelo también puede relacionarse con un incremento de la abundancia de microorganismos benéficos.

Solanáceas em sistema orgânico no Brasil: tomate, batata e physalis

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Aniela Pilar Campos de Melo

2017-01-01

Full Text Available A pesquisa científica brasileira voltada para sistemas orgânicos ainda tem sido permeada por uma lógica baseada na mera substituição de insumos. Falta um aprofundamento em relação ao reconhecimento dos componentes dos sistemas de produção (ecofisiologia; manejo e fertilidade do solo; conservação de água e solo; manejo fitossanitário e como estes podem ser investigados de forma holística. Baseado em tais lacunas discute-se neste artigo de revisão as principais particularidades relacionadas a produção orgânica de tomate e batata, principais oleráceas da família Solanaceae, e de uma frutífera exótica potencial para sistemas orgânicos, a physalis (Physalis peruviana L..

Resíduos de agrotóxicos em frutos de tomate Pesticide residues in tomato fruits

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Leslie Maria Segura Zavatti

1999-03-01

Full Text Available O uso intensivo de agrotóxicos em culturas de tomates tem causado preocupações quanto à provável contaminação do produto final. Este trabalho teve como objetivo monitorar, por dois anos consecutivos, em quatro propriedades de uma área altamente tecnificada, o uso de agrotóxicos em tomate irrigado durante seu desenvolvimento, quantificar os resíduos dos principais princípios ativos utilizados, e avaliar o grau de contaminação dos frutos colhidos. Foram analisados metamidofós, clorpirifós, captan, clorotalonil, endosulfan, lambda-cialotrina, e cobre. Para avaliar o grau de contaminação dos frutos foi validado um método de análise de resíduos múltiplos capaz de quantificar esses compostos. Os resíduos encontrados foram de fungicidas e inseticidas aplicados nas fases de frutificação e maturação: captan, 0,35 mg/kg, na Fazenda 2; clorotalonil, 0,16 mg/kg e 0,95 mg/kg, nas Fazendas 1 e 2, respectivamente; lambda-cialotrina, 0,03 mg/kg, na Fazenda 2; cobre, 2,03 mg/kg, 3,75 mg/kg e 1,44mg/kg, nas Fazendas 1, 2 e 3, respectivamente, e 0,95 mg/kg, 1,70 mg/kg e 2,31 mg/kg, na Fazenda 4. Não ocorreram resíduos dos inseticidas organofosforados, aplicados principalmente durante o desenvolvimento vegetativo da cultura. Não houve contaminação dos tomates pelos agrotóxicos analisados. Os resíduos que devem ser monitorados são os dos agrotóxicos aplicados na fase de maturação da cultura.The intensive use of pesticide in tomato crops have been causing concern about a possible contamination of the final product. This work aimed at monitoring, for two years, in four farms located in a high technology area, the use of pesticides in irrigated tomato crops, quantifying the main active ingredient residues and evaluating the contamination level of the fruits. The components analised were: methamidophos, chlorpyrifos, captan, chlorothalonil, endosulfan, lambda-cyhalothrin and copper oxychloride. In order to evaluate the contamination

Plan de muestreo directo para Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae en cultivos comerciales de tomate

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Bernal Liliana

2008-08-01

Full Text Available

Los daños ocasionados por Trialeurodes vaporariorum generan pérdidas económicas que disminuyen la producción y pueden contribuir en el alza de los precios del tomate. Para su control se acude a aplicaciones continuas de insecticidas, sin obtener resultados satisfactorios. Como alternativa de control se realizan liberaciones del parasitoide E. formosa. Sin embargo, el éxito de este sistema implica estimar la densidad de la plaga a través de un método de muestreo adecuado. Por ello, se estandarizó un plan de muestreo directo, económicamente viable, para ninfas de mosca blanca en un cultivo comercial de tomate bajo invernadero. Se determinó la incidencia de prácticas de manejo y de la fenología en la distribución espacial de ninfas. En términos generales, el muestreo se dividió en tres etapas: 1 muestreo totalmente aleatorio, entre las 5 y 7 semanas después de la siembra (sds, para plantas no divididas en tercios; 2 muestreo aleatorio, entre las 8 y 16 sds, los conteos se realizaron en hojas del tercio inferior; 3 muestreo bietápico: planta y hoja, entre las 17 y 24 sds, los conteos se efectuaron sobre hojas de los tercios medio y superior. Se encontró que prácticas culturales como el despunte influyeron en la distribución espacial de las ninfas. La implementación del muestreo directo generó un incremento en la producción del 0,06% y permitió estimar la densidad de ninfas de Trialeurodes vaporariorum en el cultivo (con precisiones de 5%, 10% y 25% como criterio para liberar E. formosa.

Criterios de liberación de Encarsia formosa Gahan (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae para el control de Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae en tomate

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Aragón Sandra

2008-08-01

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Para la toma adecuada de decisiones en el manejo de la mosca blanca de los invernaderos, se han propuesto diferentes criterios que buscan reducir el impacto producido por el uso indiscriminado de insecticidas. Sin embargo, estos criterios de decisión son aplicables principalmente al control químico de plagas y no se conoce su uso en programas de control biológico. Por lo tanto, con este trabajo se propuso generar unos criterios de decisión para el control biológico de la mosca blanca de los invernaderos T. vaporariorum con el parasitoide Encarsia formosa, teniendo en cuenta su respuesta funcional y porcentaje de control. En un diseño completamente al azar se ubicaron 18 plantas de tomate de 8 semanas de edad infestadas con 500 ninfas de mosca blanca y 3 plantas como control absoluto. En cada planta se liberaron 0, 10, 20, 30, 40 y 50 adultos de E. formosa, con tres repeticiones por densidad. Se registró el número de ninfas melanizadas por efectos del parasitismo de E. formosa a los 12; 19 y 26 días después de la primera liberación y, al finalizar la cosecha, se realizó un conteo de las ninfas de mosca blanca totales. Los resultados de este trabajo sugieren que para obtener un control cercano a 80% se debe liberar un parasitoide por cada 17 ninfas de mosca blanca de tercer instar, evaluando el control después de 35 días. Se pueden realizar nuevas liberaciones de E. formosa dirigidas al control de las nuevas ninfas encontradas en los muestreos periódicos del cultivo.

CARACTERIZAÇÃO FÍSICO-QUÍMICA, NUTRICIONAL E INSTRUMENTAL DE QUATRO ACESSOS DE TOMATE ITALIANO (LYCOPERSICUM ESCULENTUM Mill DO TIPO ‘HEIRLOOM’ PRODUZIDO SOB MANEJO ORGÂNICO PARA ELABORAÇÃO DE POLPA CONCENTRADA

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Cintia Leticia da Silva ROSA

2011-12-01

Full Text Available O tomate é uma planta pertencente à família das solanáceas, denominada cientificamente Lycopersicum esculentum Mill, potencialmente perene e com facilidade de adaptação a uma grande variedade de climas. O presente estudo teve como objetivo, caracterizar quanto às características físico-químicas, nutricionais e instrumentais de cor e textura quatro acessos de tomate italiano (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill do tipo ‘heirloom’, produzidos sob manejo orgânico para elaboração de polpa concentrada. Foram utilizados os tomates não híbridos (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill San Marzano, Chico Grande, Amish Paste e o denominado EUA 05. Os frutos foram produzidos no período de maio a setembro de 2010, no setor de Horticultura do Departamento de Fitotecnia, da UFRRJ. Foram realizadas as análises de sólidos solúveis (SS, acidez titulável (AT, pH, quantificação e identificação dos carotenoides, cor da casca e da polpa, textura instrumental e quantificação de pesticidas. O teor médio de sólidos solúveis, de grande importância para o rendimento na indústria de produtos de tomate, foi de 5,2ºBrix nos acessos Chico Grande e San Marzano, seguido pelos acessos Amish Paste e EUA 05 com os valores médios de 4,7ºBrix. O balanço entre acidez e o teor de açúcar no fruto, estabelecido pela relação SS/AT (°Brix/% foram de 12,7, 19,2, 15,5, 15,7 para os acessos San Marzano, Chico Grande, Amish Paste e EUA 05, respectivamente. Frutos de alta qualidade contêm a relação SS/ AT maior que 10. Tomates com boa coloração apresentam teores de licopeno na faixa de 5 a 8mg/100 gramas (5000 a 8000μg/100g de polpa. O acesso San Marzano apresentou maior teor médio deste carotenoide (6029μg/100g, seguido do acesso EUA 05 (4073μg /100g, não diferentes signi- ficativamente (p>0,05. Os acessos com maiores teores de licopeno também se destacaram por apresentar coloração mais vermelha. O acesso San Marzano apresentou casca com colora

COMPORTAMIENTO DE LÍNEAS AVANZADAS DE TOMATE ( Solanum lycopersicum L. A FITOPATÓGENOS EN CHAPINGO, MÉXICO

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Santos Gerardo Leyva-Mir

2013-01-01

Full Text Available Con el objetivo de evaluar la respuesta de 18 líneas experimentales y dos genotipos comerciales de tomate ( Solanum lycopersicum L. ante la infección natural de patógenos ( Alternaria solani, Phytophthora infestans, Fusarium oxysporum, Nacobbus spp . y Meloidogyne spp . de importancia económica, se realizó un ensayo en el campo agrícola experimental de la Universidad Autónoma Chapingo con el diseño experimental bloques completos al azar con cuatro repeticiones. Se evaluó el grado de severidad de cinco patógenos sobre las plantas de los genotipos considerados. Previo a la evaluación se identificó a cada patógeno en laboratorio por medio de la morfología de sus estructuras reproductivas. Se aplicó la prueba no paramétrica de Friedman a los datos obtenidos y posteriormente se realizó la comparación múltiple de rangos. Se detectaron fuentes de resistencia para Alternaria solani con severidad final del 35 %, en comparación con los genotipos susceptibles que fue del 80 %. En el caso de Phytopthora infestans la severidad final alcanzó 60 %, mientras que la susceptibilidad correspondió a 100 %. En el caso de Fusarium oxysporum se obtuvo un valor de 10 % de daño contra los susceptibles con 40 % . Con respecto a nematodos ( Nacobbus spp. y Meloidogyne spp., se determinó tolerancia con registros de 30 % de agallamiento y 76 % en líneas susceptibles.

Effect of textile waste water on tomato plant, Lycopersicon esculentum.

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Marwari, Richa; Khan, T I

2012-09-01

In this study Sanganer town, Jaipur was selected as study area. The plants of Lycopersicon esculentum var. K 21(Tomato) treated with 20 and 30% textile wastewater were analyzed for metal accumulation, growth and biochemical parameters at per, peak and post flowering stages. Findings of the study revealed that chlorophyll content was most severely affected with the increase in metal concentration. Total chlorophyll content showed a reduction of 72.44% while carbohydrate, protein and nitrogen content showed a reduction of 46.83, 71.65 and 71.65% respectively. With the increase in waste water treatment the root and shoot length, root and shoot dry weight and total dry weight were reduced to 50.55, 52.06, 69.93, 72.42, 72.10% respectively. After crop harvesting, the fruit samples of the plants treated with highest concentration of textile waste water contained 2.570 mg g(-1)d.wt. of Zn, 0.800 mg g(-1) d.wt. Cu, 1.520 mg g(-1) d.wt. Cr and 2.010 mg g(-1) d.wt. Pb.

Genetic Variability of the Tomato Leaf Miner (Tuta absoluta Meirick; Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae, in Tunisia, Inferred from RAPD-PCR Variabilidad Genética del Minador de Hojas de Tomate (Tuta absoluta Meyrick; Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae en Túnez desde RAPD-PCR

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Asma Bettaibi

2012-06-01

Full Text Available The tomato leaf miner Tuta absoluta Meyrick has invaded tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L. crop in Tunisia since 2008 and is representing today a major threat to the production of this crop. In this study, we used the Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RAPD-PCR technology to assess the genetic variability within and among seven populations of T. absoluta, collected on tomato from different regions in Tunisia. Using five RAPD-PCR primers and 108 individuals, 140 polymorphic fragments were recorded. From 335 different RAPD phenotypes generated, 71 were redundant and 264 unique to a specific population. The genetic structure of T. absoluta was investigated using analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA, genetic distances (Fst and multidimensional scaling (MDS. We detected a high genetic diversity within and among populations in conjunction with a significant differentiation between populations, suggesting that different founder genotypes would have been responsible of the introduction of T. absoluta in Tunisia. The presence of overlapping phenotypes probably indicates migration events between populations, mainly through infested plant material carried by humans.El minador de hojas de tomate Tuta absoluta Meyrick ha invadido el cultivo del tomate (Solanum lycopersicum L. en Túnez desde 2008 y actualmente representa una importante amenaza para su producción. En este estudio usamos la tecnología de ADN polimórfico amplificado al azar-reacción de cadena polimerasa (RAPD-PCR para evaluar la variabilidad genética dentro y entre siete poblaciones de T. absoluta, colectadas desde tomate en diferentes regiones de Túnez. Usando cinco primers RAPD-PCR y 108 individuos, se registraron 140 fragmentos polimórficos. Se generaron 335 fenotipos RAPD diferentes, entre los cuales 71 fueron redundantes y 264 únicos para una población específica. La estructura genética de T. absoluta se investigó usando análisis de varianza molecular

Evaluación del desarrollo del cultivo de tomate (Solanum licopersicum L. bajo dos tipos de cubiertas plásticas en Piedecuesta, Santander

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Milthon Albeiro Rodríguez-Caro

2011-11-01

Full Text Available Actualmente  existe  una  problemática  para  la homogenización  en  la  producción de  tomate, pues la falta de investigación en aspectos como  la distancia  de siembra o  selección del  plástico adecuado para  las condiciones climáticas, hace que el rendimiento de la hortaliza no sea óptimo. Así el objetivo de  la presente investigación  fue evaluar el plástico de cubierta más apropiado para mejorar la producción del cultivo de  tomate. Teniendo en cuenta que en la zona predominaba el Agrolene Verde  rosa  (AVR,  se decidió  evaluar AgrolenePerlino (AP, considerando recomendaciones de calidad en  recepción de  luz  y  regulación de  la temperatura hechas por  la empresa productora del plástico;  adicionalmente,  se  evaluaron  tres distancias de siembra  (ds,  las cuales  fueron  los tratamientos  (T: 30  (T1, 35 (T2 y 40cm (T3 entre plantas;  se  anotó  la  fecha  de  trasplante  y  se estableció que en AVR, la primera cosecha se hizo a los 84 días después del trasplante (DDT y en AP  aplicó  a  los  80 DDT.  Los  tratamientos  se recolectaron,  se  pesaron  y  clasificaron independientemente;  la clasificación se determinó como:  extra  (G; Primera  (M;  Segunda(MM  y Tercera  (MMM;  la mejor  producción  en  los tratamientos se observó con T2 en  los dos bloques, el cual tuvo una diferencia significativa con T1 y T3, aunque en la clasificación fue T3 el que mas produjo G. Se realizó la comparación entre AP ý AVR,   se   determinó que AP fue significativamente superior que AVR en todas las ds y su respectiva clasificación, concluyendo  la acción benéfica que posee AP al mantener temperaturas reguladas.

Estudio del grado de madurez y/o maduración de tomates empleando técnicas espectroscópicas moleculares

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Jurado Capel, Laura

2012-01-01

Este Trabajo Fin de Máster versa sobre el estudio de la madurez en tomates evaluando la evolución de distintos pigmentos (carotenos, tocoferoles, flavonoides)y otros compuestos como el glutamato monosódico. Para ello se hace uso de técnicas espectroscópicas moleculares donde el análisis de la muestra se aborda a través de dos estrategias diferentes que permita comparar el análisis directo sobre la piel del fruto mediante ATR-FTIR y análisis de extractos metanólicos de la piel mediante Fluore...

Interaction of Polyamines, Abscisic Acid, Nitric Oxide, and Hydrogen Peroxide under Chilling Stress in Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) Seedlings

OpenAIRE

Diao, Qiannan; Song, Yongjun; Shi, Dongmei; Qi, Hongyan

2017-01-01

Polyamines (PAs) play a vital role in the responses of higher plants to abiotic stresses. However, only a limited number of studies have examined the interplay between PAs and signal molecules. The aim of this study was to elucidate the cross-talk among PAs, abscisic acid (ABA), nitric oxide (NO), and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) under chilling stress conditions using tomato seedlings [(Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) cv. Moneymaker]. The study showed that during chilling stress (4°C; 0, 12, and 2...

Balance de energía en cultivos hortícolas a campo en Rosario (Santa Fe, Argentina

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J. Denoia

2010-01-01

Full Text Available Se analizó la gestión de la energía en cultivos de papa, tomate y lechuga en un área próxima a la ciudad de Rosario (Argentina. Se consideraron todos los ingresos de materia al sistema y su producción transformándolos en energía al multiplicar las cantidades de insumos por sus contenidos energéticos. Se analizó tanto la energía directa como la indirecta. Se estudió la gestión energética dentro de los límites físicos del sistema. Los indicadores empleados fueron: eficiencia energética (EfE y productividad energética (PE. Los balances energéticos de papa y tomate fueron negativos, mientras que en lechuga, la energía producida fue menor que la ingresada. La mayor eficiencia energética se registró en tomate (3,54, seguida por papa (2,69; la menor fue en lechuga (0,25. La energía ingresada en tomate resultó la más eficiente (88,6 kgMS/100 Mj, seguida por la de papa (16 kgMS/100 Mj y la de lechuga (10,8 kgMS/100 Mj.

Acetylcholine causes rooting in leaf explants of in vitro raised tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Miller) seedlings.

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Bamel, Kiran; Gupta, Shrish Chandra; Gupta, Rajendra

2007-05-30

The animal neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh) induces rooting and promotes secondary root formation in leaf explants of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Miller var. Pusa Ruby), cultured in vitro on Murashige and Skoog's medium. The roots originate from the midrib of leaf explants and resemble taproot. ACh at 10(-5) M was found to be the optimum over a wide range of effective concentrations between 10(-7) and 10(-3) M. The breakdown products, choline and acetate were ineffective even at 10(-3) M concentration. ACh appears to have a natural role in tomato rhizogenesis because exogenous application of neostigmine, an inhibitor of ACh hydrolysis, could mimic the effect of ACh. Neostigmine, if applied in combination with ACh, potentiated the ACh effect.

Study of radiation in fresh tomatoes (lycopersicon esculentum Mill) and in the levels of sauce lycopene; Estudo da radiacao ionizante em tomates in natura (lycopersicum esculentum Mill) e no teor de licopeno do molho

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Fabbri, Adriana Diaz Toni

2009-07-01

The purpose of the present study was to determine the effects of ionizing radiation in tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill) and at the same time to evaluate the influence of irradiation on the content of lycopene in a sauce made with these fruits irradiated. For this reason tomatoes were subjected to five treatments: control, T1 (0.25 kGy), T2 (0.5 kGy), T3 (1.0 kGy) and T4 (2.0 kGy) and evaluated at 3, 6, 9, 12, 15 and 20 days after irradiation, for the following analysis: maturity, texture, color, soluble solids, pH, acidity and total mass. Measurements were made of lycopene in fresh tomatoes and sauce by open column chromatography according to the ripening of them. The results showed that only the mass was not significantly different (p> 0.05). Treatments 1 and 2 proved to be effective in delaying the maturation and in the maintenance of firm texture (p <0.05). While T4 caused chemical reactions in the structure of tomato, compelling it to mature earlier because of pectin degradation. The completion of a sauce made from tomatoes irradiated to 0.25 kGy, didn't show a significant difference (p> 0.05) when compared to control. However, it didn't indicate lycopene degradation, as the doses of 1.0 and 2.0 kGy. Thus we can conclude that low doses are effective for maintaining pH, firmness, delayed senescence, mass and, in addition to not degrading the major bioactive compound of tomato, lycopene, suggest a higher bioavailability of this one, depending on the radiation application. (author)

CONSERVACIÓN POSCOSECHA DE TOMATE DE CÁSCARA (Physalis ixocarpa Brot. ex Horm. CON Y SIN CÁLIZ

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Oscar Cruz-Álvarez

2012-01-01

Full Text Available El objetivo del trabajo fue observar la influencia del cáliz en la vida poscosecha de frutos de tomate de cáscara bajo diferentes temperaturas de almacenamiento (4 y 20 °C con presencia y ausencia del cáliz. El diseño experimental fue completamente al azar con estructura factorial 2 x 2. Se determinaron la tasa de respiración, la producción de etileno, la acidez titulable, la pérdida de peso, los sólidos solubles totales, la vitamina C, la firmeza, el color y la clorofila total. Los tratamientos con presencia del cáliz tuvieron el mayor contenido de clorofila total, con valores que fluctuaron de 0.147 a 0.161 μg.100g, a los 0 y 20 días después de cosecha (ddc, manteniendo la brillantez, cromaticidad y tonalidad del color sin cambios importantes. Los frutos almacenados a temperatura de 4 °C mantuvieron (P ≤ 0.05 el comportamiento de la firmeza y los sólidos solubles, en tanto que los frutos con 20 °C presentaron 5 % de pérdida de peso. Asimismo, el contenido de clorofila fue mayor con valores 0.142 y 0.158 μg 100 g, lo que coincidió con lo observado para los componentes de color. Los cambios manifestados en firmeza, pérdida de peso, contenido de clorofila y color estuvieron relacionados con las temperaturas de almacenamiento, más que con la presencia o ausencia del cáliz.

Relações genotípicas entre componentes da resistência pós-colheita em tomate Cereja e Salada Genotypic relationships between components of postharvest resistance of Cherry and Salad tomato

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Fábio Moreira Sobreira

2009-07-01

Full Text Available Este trabalho objetivou avaliar a necessidade de realizar análise de trilha individualizada para tomates tipo Salada (L. esculentum e Cereja (L. esculentum var. cerasiforme, visando obter informações sobre quais variáveis estão relacionadas com a resistência pós-colheita (RPC, e orientar a seleção de materiais para programas de melhoramento. Realizaram-se análises de variâncias, correlações genotípicas, diagnóstico de multicolinearidade e o desdobramento das correlações genotípicas por meio de análise de trilha. As variáveis mais explicativas da RPC em tomates tipo Salada foram o diâmetro da cicatriz do pedúnculo (DCP e o diâmetro médio do fruto (DMF; a espessura do mesocarpo (ESP e o peso médio dos frutos (PMF em tipo Cereja. Em tomates Cereja, ganhos podem ser obtidos na RPC por meio de seleção indireta via ESP. Estes serão maiores se dentre os frutos de maior ESP forem selecionados os de menor PMF. No caso de Salada, deve-se selecionar indiretamente os frutos de menor DCP e dentre estes os de maior DMF. A análise de trilha deve ser realizada considerando cada tipo de tomate, visto que as variáveis explicativas diferem entre estes.This study aimed to evaluate the need for individual path analysis to Cherry (L. esculentum var. cerasiforme and Salad (L. esculentum tomatoes type, seeking information about which variables are associated with post-harvest resistance (PHR, and guide the selection of material for breeding programs. We performed the variance analysis, genotypic correlations, multicolinearity diagnosis, and the display of genotypic correlations through path analysis. The more explicatory variables of PHR in Salad tomatoes type were the peduncle scar diameter (PSD and the fruit mean diameter (FMD; the mesocarp thickness (MST and fruit mean weight (FMW in cherry type. For Cherry tomatoes, gains can be obtained in the PHR through indirect selection by MST. This will be greatest if among the fruits with more

Manejo da solução nutritiva sobre a qualidade pós-colheita de tomate salada fertirrigado em areia

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Hideaki Wilson Takahashi

2017-11-01

Full Text Available Resumo O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito de manejos e concentrações da solução nutritiva em fertirrigação, em cultivo protegido, sobre a qualidade pós-colheita de tomate de mesa. Os tratamentos consistiram do manejo da solução nutritiva, tendo como base a condutividade elétrica (CE e a concentração individual de íons (CI do lixiviado, nas concentrações iniciais de 1,6 e 3,2 dS m-1. Os frutos foram avaliados quanto aos teores de macrominerais, sólidos solúveis totais (SST, vitamina C, compostos fenólicos totais, flavonoides totais e compostos antioxidantes. Os teores de N, P e S foram maiores no manejo da solução nutritiva com base na CI, independentemente da concentração inicial de íons. Os teores de K e Ca apresentaram efeitos da interação entre a forma de manejo e a concentração de íons, enquanto o teor de Mg não foi influenciado pelos fatores estudados. O teor de vitamina C e a atividade antioxidante foram maiores no manejo da solução com base em CE, enquanto o teor de fenóis e flavonoides foi maior no manejo da solução com base em CI. O tipo de manejo e a concentração da solução nutritiva em fertirrigação afetam a qualidade pós-colheita de frutos de tomate.

Arthrobotrys oligospora-mediated biological control of diseases of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) caused by Meloidogyne incognita and Rhizoctonia solani.

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Singh, U B; Sahu, A; Sahu, N; Singh, R K; Renu, S; Singh, D P; Manna, M C; Sarma, B K; Singh, H B; Singh, K P

2013-01-01

To study the biocontrol potential of nematode-trapping fungus Arthrobotrys oligospora in protecting tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) against Meloidogyne incognita and Rhizoctonia solani under greenhouse and field conditions. Five isolates of the nematode-trapping fungus Arthrobotrys oligospora isolated from different parts of India were tested against Meloidogyne incognita and Rhizoctonia solani in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) plants grown under greenhouse and field conditions. Arthrobotrys oligospora-treated plants showed enhanced growth in terms of shoot and root length and biomass, chlorophyll and total phenolic content and high phenylalanine ammonia lyase activity in comparison with M. incognita- and R. solani-inoculated plants. Biochemical profiling when correlated with disease severity and intensity in A. oligospora-treated and untreated plants indicate that A. oligospora VNS-1 offered significant disease reduction in terms of number of root galls, seedling mortality, lesion length, disease index, better plant growth and fruit yield as compared to M. incognita- and R. solani-challenged plants. The result established that A. oligospora VNS-1 has the potential to provide bioprotection agents against M. incognita and R. solani. Arthrobotrys oligospora can be a better environment friendly option and can be incorporated in the integrated disease management module of crop protection. Application of A. oligospora not only helps in the control of nematodes but also increases plant growth and enhances nutritional value of tomato fruits. Thus, it proves to be an excellent biocontrol as well as plant growth promoting agent. © 2012 The Society for Applied Microbiology.

Herencia de la resistencia a Phoma andina var. Crystalliniformis en tomate Resistance hederabillty of Phoma andina var. Eristalliniformis in tomato

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Cortina Guerrero Hernando Alfonso

1988-12-01

Full Text Available Con el fin de estudiar la herencia de la resistencia a Phoma andina varo crvstslliniformis en tomate Lyeopersieon esculentum Mill. derivada de la especie silvestre L. hirsutum se desarrolló la presente investigación durante los meses de mayo a septiembre de 1987 en el Centro Regional de Investigación "La Selva" del Instituto Colombiano Agropecuario (lCA, situado en Rionegro, Antioquia.
Se estudiaron cuatro familias derivadas del cruzamiento de tres genotipos de L. hirsutum resistentes a Phoma andina varo erystalliniformis y tres genotipos de L. esculentum
susceptibles a Phoma. Las familias incluyeron los padres, la Fl, la F2, el retrocruzamiento al padre susceptible y el retrocruzamiento al padre resistente. El trabajo se realizó con un diseño de bloques al azar con tres replicaciones. Las
plantas se evaluaron individualmente de acuerdo a una escala de 0-7, donde cero son plantas inmunes y siete plantas muertas. La evaluación se hizo, en alqunas familias, a los
60 y, en otras, a los 80 días. Con los datos originales y con los datos transformados se estimaron los siguientes parámetros: 1. Componentes de media, usando el test de escala y el método de Cava" i, 2. Componentes de varianza por el método de Mather. 3. Heredabilidad en sentido amplio,
usando la Fl como estimativo de la varianza ambiental y por el método de Mahmud y Kramer; heredabilidad en sentido
estrecho, por el Método de Mather y por el de Warner, 4. Número de genes, usando los métodos de Castle, de Wright y de Mather. Se encontró que todas las familias tenían una varianza de dominancia cercana a cero y una baja varianza ambiental, lo cual resulta en una alta heredabilidad de la resistencia a Phoma andina varo erystalliniformis, tanto
en sentido amplio como estrecho. El número mínimo de genes que controlan la resistencia fue de 3 a 4. Teniendo en cuenta lo anterior se concluyó que era posible transferir, sin mayores

Potentiel infectieux des sols de cultures de tomate (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. sous abri et incidence de l'âge de repiquage sur la vigueur des plants vis-à-vis de Pythium sp. à Songon-Dabou en Côte d'Ivoire

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Koné, D.

2008-01-01

Full Text Available Potentiel Infectious of Soils Fields of Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. in Greenhouse and the Age Incidence Facing Pythium sp. on the Plants at Songon-Dabou in Ivory Coast. Songon-Dabou area represents one of the spheres activities of tomato in Ivory Coast. The production of tomato is strongly influenced by some of viruses, bacteria and soil born fungi. A study was conducted on the soils of different fields with three varieties of tomato (Caraïbo, Mongal and Tropimech to identify the most susceptible variety to soil born fungi at Songon-Dabou. By baiting with 20 days old seedlings, 4 genus fungi of Pythium, Fusarium, Sclerotium and Macrophomina have been isolated. Pythium sp. presented the greatest attack (32% while Macrophomina phaseoli was isolated for the first time on market gardening in Ivory Coast. Tomato plants have been inoculated by Pythium at different stages obtained from seedling to 25 days old nursery seedlings. That experiment was repeated three times. This work was conducted in greenhouse during 26 days after transplantation of the plants in the pots. These results confirm that Pythium sp. is a fungus of damping off (100% and that age of transplantation reduces the rate of mortality (less than 20%.

Potencial alelopático da parte aérea de Senna occidentalis (L. Link (Fabaceae, Caesalpinioideae: bioensaios em laboratório Allelopathic potential of aerial parts of Senna occidentalis (L. Link (Fabaceae, Caesalpinioideae: Laboratory bioassays

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Ana Carina da Silva Cândido

2010-03-01

Full Text Available A bioatividade das frações semipurificadas (hexânica, acetato de etila e etanol-água do extrato etanólico das partes aérea de S. occidentalis foi avaliada através de ensaios de germinação e de crescimento de Lactuca sativa (alface, Lycopersicon esculentum (tomate, Allium cepa (cebola e Triticum aestivum (trigo, em laboratório. Foram utilizadas três concentrações (250, 500, 1000 mg L-1 de cada fração e um controle não tratado, com quatro repetições de 50 sementes. Os bioensaios de germinação revelaram que todas as frações atrasaram a germinação de alface, tomate e cebola, e as frações hexânica e acetato de etila reduziram a germinabilidade de tomate e cebola. Nos bioensaios de crescimento, a fração hexânica estimulou o crescimento da raiz e inibiu o crescimento do hipocótilo das eudicotiledôneas. A mesma fração inibiu o crescimento da raiz e do coleóptilo das monocotiledôneas. A fração acetato de etila inibiu o crescimento da raiz das plântulas-alvo e o hipocótilo/coleóptilo de tomate e cebola. A fração etanol-água estimulou o crescimento da raiz de tomate e do hipocótilo de alface e inibiu o crescimento da raiz de cebola e trigo e, também, do coleóptilo de cebola, na concentração de 1000 mg L-1. Nos bioensaios com herbicidas comerciais foram observados efeitos semelhantes àqueles obtidos na germinação pelas frações e no crescimento pelas frações hexânica e acetato de etila. Na cromatografia em camada delgada, foram detectados terpenos na fração hexânica, compostos fenólicos e alcalóides na fração acetato de etila. A análise espectrofotométrica revelou que a fração acetato de etila possui o maior conteúdo de compostos fenólicos e flavonóides.The bioactivity of semipurified fractions (hexane, ethyl acetate and ethanol-water obtained from S. occidentalis aerial-part ethanol extract was evaluated by germination and growth bioassays using Lactuca sativa (lettuce, Lycopersicon

Atividade moluscicida de princípios ativos de folhas de Lycopersicon esculentum (Solanales, Solanaceae em Biomphalaria glabrata (Gastropoda, Planorbidae Moluscicide activity of active principles in the leaves of Lycopersicon esculentum (Solanales, Solanaceae on Biomphalaria glabrata (Gastropoda, Planorbidae

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Vilma Leyton

Full Text Available Foram obtidos extratos aquosos e alcoólicos a partir de pó de folhas secas de tomateiro (Lycopersicon esculentum, Mill. c.v. Cereja. Por extração metanólica e precipitação alcalina, foi obtido um produto que denominamos "glicoalcalóide esteroidal bruto" (GEb, no qual foi caracterizada a presença de tomatina. Em ensaios laboratoriais, os extratos aquosos, alcoólicos e o GEb apresentaram atividade moluscicida em Biomphalaria glabrata (Say, 1818. O "glicoalcalóide esteroidal bruto" apresentou alta atividade moluscicida (CL50 = 8,01 ppm e CL90 = 13,17 ppm, comparável à atividade da tomatina. Desovas de B. glabrata mostraram-se resistentes aos extratos testados. Os níveis de atividade moluscicida apresentados pelos diversos extratos e o GEb, apontam apenas o GEb como candidato para a continuação dos estudos visando a sua possível utilização em campo.Aqueous and alcoholic extracts were obtained from crushed dried leaves of tomato plant (Lycopersicon esculentum, Mill. c.v. Cherry. By the use of a methanolic extraction and alkaline precipitation, a product named crude steroidal glycoalkaloid (GEb, was obtained. The presence of tomatidine was characterized in this product. In laboratory, the aqueous and alcoholic extracts and GEb have shown molluscicidal activity against Biomphalaria glabrata (Say, 1818. The crude steroidal glycoalkaloid presented a high molluscicidal activity (LC50 = 8.01 ppm and LC90 = 13.17 ppm, similar to that of tomatine. None of the compounds tested affected B. glabrata egg masses. The level of activity showed by the different extracts and by the GEb, pointed out the GEb as the only candidate able to be considered for further tests toward field trials as molluscicidal agent.

Utilização do ágar suco de tomate (ágar V8 na identificação presuntiva de Candida dubliniensis

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Alves Sydney Hartz

2006-01-01

Full Text Available Avaliou-se a capacidade do ágar suco de tomate (ágar V8 em diferenciar Candida dubliniensis de Candida albicans com base na produção de clamidoconídios. Noventa e três isolados de Candida albicans e vinte e seis de Candida dubliniensis foram incluídos; 100% de Candida dubliniensis formaram clamidoconídios e 92,5% de Candida albicans não evidenciaram estas estruturas. Estes resultados permitem sugerir este meio como recurso alternativo na identificação presuntiva de Candida dubliniensis.

Induction of multiple shoots from leaf segments, in vitro-flowering and fruiting of a dwarf tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum).

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Rao, Kokkirala Venugopal; Kiranmayee, Kasula; Pavan, Umate; Sree, Telakalapalli Jaya; Rao, Alleni V; Sadanandam, Abbagani

2005-08-01

Multiple shoots were induced from leaf explants of Lycopersicon esculentum cultivar MicroTom, within 20-25d, on MS medium supplemented with 8.9 microM benzylaminopurine (BAP)+1.14 microM indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). For rooting, elongated microshoots were excised and transferred onto MS medium supplemented with 4.9 microM indole-3-butyric acid (IBA). Well-developed roots and flower raceme were obtained on d 7 and 13, respectively, upon transfer of the microshoots onto rooting medium. The flowers self-fertilized in vitro and produced mature fruits in additional 15-17d of culture.

Evaluación de algunos insecticidas para el control de la «polilla del tomate», Tuta absoluta (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae y su efecto residual sobre el parasitoide Trichogrammatoidea bactrae (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae

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María B. RIQUELME VIRGALA

2006-01-01

Full Text Available La «polilla del tomate», Tuta absoluta (Meyrick, es una plaga clave de este cultivo en Argentina. Su manejo integrado debería incluir una selección de productos fitosanitarios que sean eficaces para su control y, al mismo tiempo, selectivos respecto de sus enemigos naturales. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar la capacidad de control de los insecticidas triflumurón, clorfenapir, abamectin y una cepa experimental de Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt sobre la plaga, y el poder residual de los mismos sobre Trichogrammatoidea bactrae Nagaraja. Se registró la mortalidad de la polilla cada cuatro días, desde la aplicación hasta la emergencia de los adultos. El efecto sobre el parasitoide, se evaluó a través del número de huevos parasitados por hembra expuesta durante 48 horas a folíolos tratados, y su mortalidad luego de 1, 3, 7, 14 y 30 días de la pulverización. Todos los productos ocasionaron una mortalidad de T. absoluta mayor al 65% después de 12 días de aplicados. El Bt fue el único insecticida que no afectó la supervivencia y el parasitismo de T. bactrae . Estos resultados aportan información de interés para la selección de plaguicidas, a emplearse en programas de manejo integrado.

EFEITO DE TRICOMAS, ALELOQUÍMICOS E NUTRIENTES NA RESISTÊNCIA DE LYCOPERSICON HIRSUTUM À TRAÇA-DO-TOMATEIRO EFFECT OF TRICHOMES, ALELLOCHEMICALS AND MINERALS ON THE RESISTANCE OF LYCOPERSICON HIRSUTUM TO TOMATO LEAF MINER

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GERMANO LEÃO DEMOLIN LEITE

1999-11-01

Full Text Available Estudos foram conduzidos com o objetivo de verificar o efeito de tricomas, aleloquímicos e nutrientes nas folhas de partes do dossel das plantas na resistência de Lycopersicon hirsutum à traça- do-tomateiro, Tuta absoluta (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae. Foram quantificados os teores de 2-tridecanona (2-TD, 2-undecanona (2-UD, N, P, K, Ca e Mg, densidade e tipos de tricomas e tamanho das folhas nos terços apical, mediano e basal do dossel de plantas de L. hirsutum e de L. esculentum e estudaram- se os efeitos destes fatores sobre características biológicas de T. absoluta. Observou-se elevação no teor de 2-TD da base para o ápice do dossel. Não se detectou diferença significativa quanto ao número de ovos de T. absoluta ao longo do dossel de L. hirsutum, constatando-se em L. esculentum maior oviposição nos terços apical e mediano do que no basal. As folhas do terço apical de L. hirsutum apresentaram maior efeito deletério sobre as larvas de traça.The objective of this work was to study the effect of trichomes, alellochemicals and minerals in the leaves of different canopy heights on the resistance of Lycopersicon hirsutum to tomato leaf miner, Tuta absoluta (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae. Effects of 2-tridecanone (2-TD, 2-undecanone (2-UD, N, P, K, Ca and Mg levels, density and types of trichomes and leaf area on apical, medium and basal parts of plant dossel of L. hirsutum and L. esculentum on the oviposition and mines number of T. absoluta was studied. Production of 2-TD increased from the bottom to the top of the canopy. The apical part of plants of L. hirsutum showed more antibiotic effect on the caterpillar. T. absoluta oviposited more on leaves of the apical and medium portion of the plants than in the basal parts of L. esculentum.

Controle do tombamento de plântulas de beterraba e tomate pelo tratamento de sementes com quitosana Control of beet and tomato damping-off by seed treatment with chitosan

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Sérgio Miguel Mazaro

2009-11-01

Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito do tratamento de sementes, com o indutor de resistência quitosana, sobre o tombamento de plântulas de beterraba e tomate, e sua relação com alterações bioquímicas e a defesa vegetal. Cada parcela foi representada por 25 sementes. Os tratamentos consistiram da imersão das sementes em quitosana nas concentrações de 0; 0,25; 0,5; 1; 2 e 4%. Posteriormente, as sementes foram semeadas em bandejas com o substrato infectado com Rhizoctonia sp., e mantidas em casa de vegetação por 14 dias. A quitosana induziu a resistência das plântulas de beterraba e tomate e reduziu a incidência de tombamento. As concentrações de 1,1 e 2,5% apresentaram maior eficiência na redução do tombamento, para as culturas da beterraba e tomate, respectivamente. O uso da quitosana induz o aumento na atividade da enzima fenilalanina amônia-liase (FAL e interfere nas variáveis bioquímicas foliares de proteínas e açúcares totais e redutores.The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of seed treatment using the resistance inductor chitosan to control damping-off in tomato and beet seedlings, and its relationship with plant biochemical alterations and plant protection. Each plot was represented by twenty-five seeds. Treatments consisted of seed immersion in a chitosan suspension at 0, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2 and 4% concentrations. Seeds were then sowed in trays with a substrate infected with Rhizoctonia sp. and maintained in greenhouse conditions for 14 days. Chitosan induced seedling resistance and reduced damping-off. The 1.1 and 2.5% concentrations were more efficient in controling the damping-off for beet and tomato crops respectively. Chitosan increases the phenylalanine ammonialyase (PAL activity and interferes with the total proteins and total and reduced sugars rates in the leaves.

Processamento e caracterização físico-química de néctar goiaba-tomate

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Rodrigo Leite Moura

2014-08-01

Full Text Available A formulação de blends está cada vez mais incrementada e inovadora, buscando o equilíbrio na junção de fatores que tenham como objetivo proporcionar o enriquecimento nutricional e funcional, sem deixar de lado o aspecto sensorial do produto. Este trabalho teve como objetivo elaborar néctares mistos de goiaba e tomate em diferentes concentrações e avaliar a caracterização físico-química destas formulações. Foram determinadas a acidez total titulável (ATT, pH, teor de água, atividade de água (Aw, cinzas, sólidos solúveis (ºBrix, açúcares redutores, totais e não-redutores, e os parâmetros instrumentais de cor para luminosidade (L*, intensidade de vermelho (+a* e intensidade de amarelo (+b*. Os néctares de goiaba e tomate apresentaram elevador teor de água e altos valores de Aw, com pH dentro da faixa ácida (≤ 4,5. A formulação destes néctares resultou em amostras com cores mais claras, na medida em que se aumentou a concentração de polpa de goiaba. A elevação da proporção desta polpa influenciou o pH, o percentual de cinzas, o teor de água e a Aw. De acordo com a legislação vigente os parâmetros de ºBrix, acidez, açúcares totais atenderam aos padrões mínimos exigidos. Ressalta-se que os valores médios de pH e acidez, favorecem a conservação destas bebidas, não havendo necessidade da adição de ácido cítrico, para inibir a proliferação de leveduras, contribuindo para garantir a segurança alimentar.

ESTABILIDADE DO MOLHO DE TOMATE EM DIFERENTES EMBALAGENS DE CONSUMO

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Sandra Balan Mendoza JAIME

1998-05-01

Full Text Available O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a estabilidade do molho de tomate em diferentes embalagens de consumo (vidro, metálica e cartonada, após simulação de transporte e estocagem a 23 e 35oC, por um período 240 dias ao abrigo da luz. O parâmetro de cor avaliado separadamente não influenciou significativamente a perda de qualidade dos produtos a 23oC, mas teve influência significativa à 35oC. O molho de tomate acondicionado na embalagem cartonada apresentou maior perda de cor em relação às demais, devido às características intrínsecas deste tipo de embalagem, sobretudo sua maior permeabilidade ao oxigênio, provocando um maior escurecimento e a conseqüente redução na vida útil do produto. Considerando-se este aspecto, a taxa de deterioração da cor na embalagem cartonada, comparativamente às demais foi, em termos médios, cerca de 1,7 e 1,9 vezes superior às embalagens metálicas e de vidro, nas temperaturas de 23 e 35oC, respectivamente. O parâmetro sensorial mais crítico e utilizado como indicativo da vida útil foi a perda de qualidade (PQ, uma vez que englobou as alterações de cor e sabor do produto. O molho acondicionado na embalagem cartonada apresentou valores de PQ entre 3,5 e 4,1 vezes superior aos valores obtidos para o produto nas embalagens de vidro e metálica à 23oC, respectivamente. Na temperatura de 35oC, as taxas foram 2,1 e 1,6 vezes superiores, respectivamente. De forma geral, as embalagens de vidro e metálicas apresentaram um desempenho similar entre si, com melhores características de proteção ao produto, devido à barreira oferecida quanto à entrada de oxigênio.The aim of this study was to investigate the tomato sauce stability in different types of commercial packages (glass, can and aseptic carton, after transport simulation and storage protected from light at 23 and 35oC during 240 days. Color characteristics apart-evaluated not influenced the product loss quality at 23oC, but has

Toxicidade para lagartas de Phthorimaea operculella (Zell. dos aleloquímicos 2-tridecanona e 2-undecanona presentes em tomateiro (Lycopersicon spp. Toxicity of 2-tridecanone and 2-undecanone allelochemicals present in tomato (Lycopersicon spp. for Phthorimaea operculella (Zell. larvae

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M.U. Ventura

1995-12-01

Full Text Available Avaliou-se a toxicidade para Phthorimaea operculella (Zell. dos aleloquímicos 2-trídecanona e 2-undecanona, presentes nos exsudatos glandulares dos tricomas de Lycopersicon spp. Determinou-se a toxicidade dos exsudatos de L. hirsutum f. glabratum PI134417 (DL50, do 2-tridecanona (dose letal: DL50 e concentração letal: CL50 e do 2-undecanona (CL50 para lagartas de primeiro ínstar desse inseto. A DL50 foi de 5,54 glândulas e 775,53 ng por lagarta, respectivamente. Em relação à concentração letal, o 2-tridecanona foi mais tóxico do que o 2-undecanona. A toxicidade (CL50 do 2-tridecanona aumentou com a elevação da temperatura de 27 para 32°C e para o 2-undecanona ocorreu o inverso. Concluiu-se que estes compostos podem ter grande importância na resistência do tomateiro para esta praga.This research deals with the toxicity of 2-tridecanone and 2-undecanone allelochemicals, present in the grandular trichomes of Lycopersicon spp., to Phthorimaea operculella (Zell.. The toxicity of the exsudates of L. hirsutum f. glabratum PI 134117 (LD50, of the 2-tridecanone (lethal dose: LD50and lethal concentration: LC50 and 2-undecanone (LC50 to first instar larvae of this pest were determined. The LD50value was 5.54 glands and 775.53 ng per larvae, respectively. With respect to the lethal concentration, the 2-tridecanone was more toxic than the 2-undecanone. The toxicity (CL50 of the 2-tridecanone increased with the elevation of the temperature from 27 to 32°C, but decreased with the 2-undecanone. It was concluded that these compounds can have great importance in the resistance of the tomato plant to this pest.

Effect of physical and chemical mutagens on seed germination and survival of seedling in Lycopersicon esculentum Mill

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Jayabalan, N.; Rao, G.R.

1987-01-01

Dry and healthy seeds of Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. var. Co-2 were irradiated with gamma rays at 10 KR, 20 KR, 30 KR, 40 KR and 50 KR. The percentage of seed germination was directly proportional to the dose given. The survival percentage decreased with higher doses. Concentration of EMS and NMU applied, ranged from 10 mM to 50 mM and 1 mM to 5 mM, respectively. The duration of soaking of seed was 4 hours in distilled water and 4 hours in mutagenic agents. In treated seeds, the percentage of germination and survival of seedlings decreased with an increase in concentration of these chemical mutagens. These observations are discussed in detail. (author). 11 refs

Qualidade pós-colheita de frutos de tomate cv. Andréa tratados com etileno Postharvest quality of tomato fruits cv. Andréa treated with ethylene

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Caroline Andreuccetti

2007-03-01

Full Text Available O tomate é uma das principais hortaliças cultivadas no Brasil e tratamentos que propiciem o controle do amadurecimento são extremamente desejáveis. Avaliou-se a qualidade pós-colheita de tomates tipo italiano tratados com etileno. Tomates 'Andréa' foram colhidos em campos de produção comercial no estádio verde-maduro, selecionados para presença de danos externos e classificados quanto ao tamanho e cor e posteriormente foram tratados com 100 µL L-1 de etileno. Os ensaios foram planejados com delineamento inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial com quatro tratamentos e quinze repetições (n=10. Após a aplicação, os frutos foram divididos em dois lotes. Um lote permaneceu a 20º±1ºC e outro foi mantido a 12,5º±1ºC, ambos sob umidade relativa 90±5%. Tomates do tratamento controle foram mantidos nas mesmas condições de temperatura e umidade relativa. Os frutos foram avaliados após cada mudança de estádio de amadurecimento para as seguintes variáveis: coloração externa (L*a*b*, perda de massa, sólidos solúveis totais, acidez titulável e teor de ácido ascórbico. A aplicação de etileno não influenciou de maneira significativa as variáveis químicas e físicas estudadas. Frutos armazenados à temperatura de 20ºC demonstraram maior porcentagem de perda de massa ao longo do amadurecimento, com média de 2,60%. A relação brix/acidez apresentou pouca variação entre os tratamentos avaliados. Frutos do tratamento controle e mantidos à temperatura de 20ºC apresentaram mudança de coloração mais rápida no início dos experimentos, não sendo observada posteriormente diferença significativa no desenvolvimento da cor dos tratamentos avaliados. O tratamento com etileno não acelerou de forma significativa o amadurecimento de tomates 'Andréa' armazenado sob as duas temperaturas estudadas.Tomatoes are one of the most important vegetable crops grown in Brazil and treatments that facilitate ripening control are

Effect of salinity on tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) during seed germination stage.

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Singh, Jogendra; Sastry, E V Divakar; Singh, Vijayata

2012-01-01

A study was conducted using ten genetically diverse genotypes along with their 45F1 (generated by diallel mating) under normal and salt stress conditions. Although, tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is moderately sensitive to salinity but more attention to salinity is yet to be required in the production of tomato. In present study, germination rate, speed of germination, dry weight ratio and Na(+)/K(+) ratio in root and shoot, were the parameters assayed on three salinity levels; control, 1.0 % NaCl and 3.0 % NaCl with Hoagland's solution. Increasing salt stress negatively affected growth and development of tomato. When salt concentration increased, germination of tomato seed was reduced and the time needed to complete germination lengthened, root/shoot dry weight ratio was higher and Na(+) content increased but K(+) content decreased. Among the varieties, Sel-7 followed by Arka Vikas and crosses involving them as a parent were found to be the more tolerant genotypes in the present study on the basis of studied parameters.

Effects of recurrent irradiation and cross fertilization on improvement of cultivated tomato (Solanum lycopersicon L.) and wild tomato (Solanum pimpinellifolium L.)

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Nunoo, J.

2010-01-01

Two separate experiments were conducted to determine the effects of recurrent irradiation and cross fertilization on the improvement of fruit quality and plant architecture of two tomato species (Solanum lycopersicon L.) and (Solanum pimpinellifolium L.) in Ghana. In the first experiment, a variant line of the wild tomato (Solanum pimpinellifolium L.) (SP 300/30.4.2.4) previously obtained through irradiation with gamma rays at 300 Gy was re-irradiated with gamma rays at 150 Gy and 300 Gy using gamma irradiation. The second experiment involved hybridization of the same variant line (SP 300/30.4.2.4) with five cultivars of the cultivated tomato (Solanum lycopersicon L). Progeny were assessed in both M1 and M2 generations for the first experiment but only at the F 2 generation for the second experiment. Significant variations were observed in number of days to first flowering and 50% fruiting. Fruit size increased from 1.36 g and 1.67 g to 1.77 g and 2.66 g in the M 1 and M 2 generations respectively following re-irradiation at 300 Gy. Three 150 Gy treated plants at the M 1 generation and two 300 Gy treated plants at the M 2 generations exhibited erect growth habit compared to the parental line (SP 300/30.4.2.4) which was sprawling. A variant line among the 300 Gy treated plants had a fused fruit of fruit weight of 3.57 g with four locules. Also, hybridization involving five cultivars of the cultivated tomato (S. lycopersicon L.) as female parents and the variant line (SP 300/30.4.2.4) generated variability in several traits including plant architecture, days to flowering and fruiting, fruit weight and number of seeds per fruit in the F 2 generation. Variations in style-length, number of locules, fruit shape and colour were also observed among the plants in the F 2 generation. Generally, significant improvements were obtained with respect to plant architecture (that is reduced plant height), earliness and fruit quality (that is fruit size and colour). Although no

Morphogenetic Potential of Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum cv. ‘Arka Ahuti’ to Plant Growth Regulators

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Kanakapura K. NAMITHA

2013-05-01

Full Text Available A highly reproducible in vitro regeneration method for tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. cultivar ‘Arka Ahuti’ was established by using hypocotyl, leaf and cotyledon explants from in vitro raised seedlings on Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with different concentrations and combinations of hormones 6-Benzylamino purine (2 to 4 mg/L and Indole-3-acetic acid (0.1 to 1 mg/L. The medium supplemented with 2 mg/L 6-benzylamino purine and 0.1 mg/L indole-3-acetic acid was found to be the best for inducing direct shoot regeneration and multiple shoots per explant from hypocotyl explants. Callus induction was observed in all the explants and regeneration of shoots was also promoted by all these combinations. Shoots were transferred to the elongation medium which also induced 100% rooting. After hardening, plants were transferred to soil. Thus, a tissue culture base line was established for ‘Arka Ahuti’ cultivar of tomato for obtaining direct regeneration using hypocotyl, leaf and cotyledon as explants.

Characterization and evaluation of some lines from cherry tomatoes lycopersicon esculentum mill. Var. Cerasiforme (dunal) and their ability for micropropagation in in vitro conditions

OpenAIRE

Dedejski, George

2012-01-01

Tomato production in the Republic of Macedonia is present on more than 5700 hectares, being the leading vegetable crop in the region of Strumica. Cherry tomato however, is poorly present at our fields, mainly due to the traditional habits of the consumers and the commercial tomato producers to grow tomato varieties with large fruit. Cherry tomato - Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. var. cerasiforme (Dunal) is a tomato variety with small fruit, with different shapes and colors and it is used ma...

Control biológico de la Antracnosis causada por Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Penz. y Sacc.) en Tomate de Árbol (Solanum betaceum Cav.) mediante hongos endófitos antagonistas

OpenAIRE

Delgado Fernández, Ernesto; Vásquez Matute, Santiago

2010-01-01

La antracnosis, en el tomate de árbol (Solanum betaceum) conocida por nuestros agricultores como “ojo de pollo” se produce por un hongo del género Colletotrichum Sp. es una enfermedad que causa pérdidas incalculables, y hasta el momento su control, se hace mediante productos químicos, que en algunos casos son nocivos y atentan contra el medio ambiente. El uso de microorganismos como inhibidores del desarrollo de microorganismos fitopatógenos, se presenta como una alternativa para ...

Caracterización morfológica y evaluación de resistencia a Fusarium oxysporum en especies silvestres del género Solanum sección Lycopersicon

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Maria Natalia Morales Palacio

2014-01-01

Título corto: Caracterización morfológica y evaluación de resistencia a Fusarium oxysporum Resumen:  Con el objetivo de evaluar la variación morfológica y la resistencia a Fusarium oxysporum en la colección del banco de germoplasma de la Universidad Nacional de Loja (UNL, 146 accesiones de cuatro especies silvestres fueron seleccionadas (Solanum pimpinellifolium, S. neorickii, S. habrochaites, S. lycopersicum var. cerasiforme; y, 20 accesiones de tomate cultivado (S. lycopersicum. Un total de 723 plántulas se transplantaron al campo y se evaluaron morfológicamente durante todo su ciclo biológico, con un descriptor que incluyó 20 caracteres cuantitativos y 25 cualitativos. Se estimó la variabilidad morfológica y se detectaron diferencias fenotípicas relacionadas con el fruto, características vegetativas de las plantas y los componentes del rendimiento. Las variables morfológicas mostraron que S. habrochaites es la especie más diferenciada con relación a las restantes. La podredumbre vascular causada por F. oxysporum es responsable de enormes pérdidas en la producción de tomate en el mundo; sin embargo, las especies silvestres que originaron las variedades cultivadas poseen genes de interés agronómico, utilizados por décadas para la generación de variedades resistentes. Por ello, entre 64 y 228 individuos por especie, se evaluaron por tres procedimientos de inoculación. Todas las especies fueron significativamente diferentes en los niveles de resistencia, tolerancia o susceptibilidad. S. neorickii fue más resistente y tolerante, seguida de S. pimpinellifolium y S. lycopersicum var. cerasiforme, mientras que todas las variedades cultivadas (S. lycopersicum fueron susceptibles. Tales circunstancias permitieron determinar sin lugar a dudas, que las plantas sobrevivientes y tolerantes poseen un genotipo particular que determina esa característica. Palabras clave:  Ecuador, tomate, tolerancia, susceptibilidad, inoculación. Abstract: In order

Differential gene expression, induced by salicylic acid and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici infection, in tomato Expressão diferencial de genes induzida por ácido salicílico e por Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici, em tomateiro

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Daniel Oliveira Jordão do Amaral

2008-08-01

Full Text Available The objective of this work was to determine the transcript profile of tomato plants (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill., during Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici infection and after foliar application of salicylic acid. The suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH technique was used to generate a cDNA library enriched for transcripts differentially expressed. A total of 307 clones was identified in two subtractive libraries, which allowed the isolation of several defense-related genes that play roles in different mechanisms of plant resistance to phytopathogens. Genes with unknown roles were also isolated from the two libraries, which indicates the possibility of identifying new genes not yet reported in studies of stress/defense response. The SSH technique is effective for identification of resistance genes activated by salicylic acid and F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici infection. Not only the application of this technique enables a cost effective isolation of differentially expressed sequences, but also it allows the identification of novel sequences in tomato from a relative small number of sequences.O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar o perfil de transcritos em plantas de tomate (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill., durante a infecção com Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici e após a aplicação foliar de ácido salicílico. A técnica de hibridização subtrativa por supressão (SSH foi utilizada para gerar uma biblioteca de cDNA enriquecida por transcritos diferencialmente expressos. Foram identificados 307 clones, em duas bibliotecas subtrativas, que permitiram o isolamento de diversos genes de defesa com função em diferentes processos relacionados à resistência vegetal contra patógenos. Também foram isolados, nas duas bibliotecas, genes com função desconhecida, o que indica a possibilidade de identificação de novos genes que ainda não tenham sido relatados em estudos anteriores de resposta a estresses e defesa, em plantas

Chino del tomate virus:Relationships to Other Begomoviruses and Identification of A-Component Variants that Affect Symptom Expression.

Science.gov (United States)

Brown, J K; Ostrow, K M; Idris, A M; Stenger, D C

2000-05-01

Phylogenetic and distance analyses place Chino del tomate virus (CdTV) in the New World clade of begomoviruses and indicate that CdTV and Tomato leaf crumple virus (TLCrV) are closely related strains of the same virus. One cloned CdTV A component (pCdTV-H6), when inoculated to tomato with the B component (pCdTV-B52), produced mild symptoms and low DNA titers. Another cloned CdTV A component (pCdTV-H8), when coinoculated to tomato with the B component, produced moderate leaf curling and veinal chlorosis similar to that of TLCrV. Coinoculation of both CdTV A components and the B component to tomato produced wild-type chino del tomate (CdT) disease symptoms consisting of severe leaf curling, veinal and interveinal chlorosis, and stunting. The two CdTV A components were nearly identical, except at nucleotide positions 1,722 and 2,324. The polymorphism at nucleotide 1,722 resulted in a change at Rep amino acid 261. The second polymorphism at nucleotide 2,324 resulted in changes at Rep amino acid 60 and AC4 amino acid 10. Two chimeric A components constructed by reciprocal exchange of a fragment bearing the polymorphic site at nucleotide 1,722 were evaluated for symptom phenotype. One chimeric A component (pCdTV-H86) produced wild-type CdT symptoms when coinoculated to tomato with the B component. The reciprocal chimeric A component (pCdTV-H68), when coin-oculated to tomato with the B component, also produced severe leaf curling, veinal chlorosis, and stunting. However, pCdTV-H68 induced less obvious interveinal chlorosis than wild-type or pCdTV-H86. Examination of A component genotypes recovered from tomato coinoculated with pCdTV-H6 and pCdTV-H8 indicated that recombination occurred to produce a genotype identical to pCdTV-H86. These results indicate that subtle genotypic variation has significant effects on symptom expression and may explain phenotypic differences observed among isolates and cloned DNAs of CdTV and TLCrV.

Modelamiento de la cinética de desinfección superficial de tomates (Lycopersicum esculentum frescos usando soluciones de cloro

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Miguel Ángel Solano Cornejo

2013-01-01

Full Text Available Tomates frescos variedad italiana fueron sometidos a procesos de desinfección superficial utilizando soluciones de h ipoclorito de c alcio para determinar su eficiencia germicida y la cinética que gobierna el proceso de inactivación superficial en gérmenes a erobios mesófilos, levaduras y mohos. El cloro como desinfectante superficial fue eficaz contra bacterias aerobias mesófilas, levaduras y mohos en ese orden, la resistencia de los gérmenes aerobios mesófilos, de las levaduras y de los mohos expresados en s us valores z cloro fue de 455, 500 y 625 ppm respectivamente. Los gérmenes aerobios mesófilos presentes en la superficie del tomate muestran una mayor resistencia a la desinfección por c loro conforme el tiempo de contacto germen - cáscara es mayor, debido a u na mayor adherencia a la cáscara lo que dificulta la acción de c loro sobre los gérmenes; esté efecto no se presentó en el caso de l evaduras ni de m ohos . Los valores D cloro 20ºC experimentales y los valores D cloro 20ºC predichos por el P rimer M odelo de Bige low se ajustaron con una correlación de entre 0 , 91 y 0 , 99. Los valores z cloro experimentales y los v alores z cloro predichos por el S egundo Modelo de Bigelow se ajustaron con una correlación de 0 , 72 a 0 , 86. La variabilidad en los valores z cloro se debió a que los gérmenes analizados para validar el m odelo propuesto estuvieron compuestos por diversos géneros. Así , el Método de Bigelow aplicado a la cinética de inactivación superficial con c loro fue validado.

Tuta absoluta: una nueva plaga para el cultivo del tomate en Europa (Sesión Técnia: Hortalizas). II Jornadas sobre feromonas, atrayentes, trampas y Control Biológico: Alternativas para la agricultura del siglo XXI

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Stol, W.; Griepink, F.C.; Deventer, van P.

2009-01-01

Tuta absoluta es una polilla originaria de Chile cuyas larvas producen minas en las hojas de las plantas de tomate. En las últimas décadas de este insecto se ha extendido por gran parte del continente sudamericano. Después de su primera observación en Europa (España, Valencia) en 2007, esta polilla

DETERMINACIÓN DEL COLOR EN EPICARPIO DE TOMATES (LYCOPERSICUM ESCULENTUM MILL. CON SISTEMA DE VISIÓN COMPUTARIZADA DURANTE LA MADURACIÓN

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Carlos Alberto Padrón Pereira

2012-01-01

Full Text Available Se estudió la evolución del color de muestras de tomates durante la maduración a temperatura ambiente y otras en refrigeración, mediante Sistema de Visión Computarizada (SVC. El SVC lo constituye un escenario iluminado, una cámara digital CCD y un computador (Laptop ambos calibrados. El procesamiento digital de las imágenes se llevó a cabo con el software Adobe® Photoshop® CS3 Extended, con los cuales generaron imágenes promediadas en coordenadas L*, a* y b*. La relación a*/b* y las coordenadas polares c* y hº, que presentaron diferencias estadísticas significativas entre las muestras determinadas (p<0,05.

Estudio de residuos de permetrina en un cultivo de tomate

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Farias Diana María

2004-06-01

Full Text Available

Con base en los resultados de una encuesta

de patrones de uso y manejo se evaluó el contenido del

insecticida permetrina mediante cromatografía de gases

con un detector μ-ECD en muestras de tomate provenientes

de un ensayo bajo invernadero realizado en el

Centro Agropecuario Marengo de la Universidad Nacional

de Colombia, ubicado en el municipio de Mosquera,

Cundinamarca. Un 96% de las muestras presentaron

residuos de permetrina que superaron el límite máximo

de residuos (LMR. El análisis estadístico mostró que la

frecuencia de aplicación es el factor de uso que más influye

en la presencia de residuos, así como su interacción

simple con el tiempo transcurrido entre la última aplicación

y la cosecha, además de la interacción de segundo

orden entre los tres patrones de manejo más relevantes:

la frecuencia de aplicación, el período de tiempo entre la

última aplicación y la cosecha, y la dosis

Classificação do tomate por atacadistas e produtores Curitiba Classification of tomatoes by wholesalers and producers in Curitiba, Brazil

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Luciana R Rodrigues

2007-12-01

Full Text Available Identificou-se o sistema efetivamente utilizado para classificação do tomate para mesa por atacadistas e produtores em Curitiba. Verificou-se também por que não são adotadas as normas legais de classificação. Foram entrevistados 11 atacadistas e 31 produtores de tomate que comercializam sua produção na CEASA Curitiba. Outros dois produtores foram entrevistados em suas propriedades e acompanhados desde a produção até a comercialização. Após tabulação dos dados calculou-se a porcentagem de entrevistados enquadrados em cada questão, em relação ao número total de entrevistados. Constatou-se que há mais de uma linguagem de classificação no mercado e embora não haja padrões de classificação, essas linguagens são compreendidas no momento da comercialização. Para os atacadistas da CEASA Curitiba, a classificação do tomate baseia-se nas cores e nos tamanhos dos frutos. Os frutos podem ser verdes, coloridos (ou pintados ou vermelhos (ou maduros e apresentar tamanho Extra 3A ou boca 5 (diâmetro maior que 7,5 cm, Extra 2A ou bocas 6 ou 7 (diâmetro entre 6,2 e 7,5 cm, Extra 1A ou bocas 8 ou 9 (diâmetro entre 4,8 e 6,2 cm. Os frutos Extra 2A (médios são os mais freqüentes no comércio. Já a maioria dos produtores classifica os frutos em graúdos, médios e miúdos, em uma clara correspondência com a classificação adotada pelos atacadistas. Ambos os sistemas de classificação diferem do oficial que, segundo a maioria de atacadistas e produtores, é difícil de aplicar, encareceria o produto final e levaria a um aumento considerável do volume de frutos a serem descartados. Por esses motivos, antes que as normas oficiais de classificação de tomate possam ser adotadas, é necessário que se disponibilizem para o setor produtivo tecnologias de produção e assistência técnica qualificada. É necessário ainda que as normas de classificação sejam internalizadas pelos agentes do mercado por meio de cursos e

Peliculização de sementes de tomate associada ao paclobutrazol

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Aniela Pilar Campos de Melo

2014-06-01

Full Text Available O tratamento de sementes com paclobutrazol (PBZ deve ser aprimorado e tecnologias de recobrimento, como a peliculização, podem ser promissoras para aplicar uniformemente e fixar esse regulador no tegumento das sementes sem permitir um contato prejudicial ao embrião. Assim, determinaram-se os efeitos da peliculização de sementes com paclobutrazol no potencial fisiológico de sementes de tomate e as suas implicações no crescimento de mudas. Empregou-se o delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 2 x 4, sendo presença e ausência do polímero de revestimento Disco AG Red L-203® (0 e 150 mL kg-1 de semente e quatro concentrações de paclobutrazol - PBZ (0, 38,5, 76,9 e 115,4 mg L-1. A interação entre os fatores (peliculização x concentrações de paclobutrazol ocorreu somente para a variável condutividade elétrica. Independentemente da concentração, o paclobutrazol reduziu a germinação, emergência de plântulas, altura de parte aérea, área foliar e propiciou um aumento na detecção de clorofila. A peliculização não interfere na ação do paclobutrazol sobre as sementes. O paclobutrazol é eficiente no condicionamento da altura de mudas mas prejudica a germinação e o vigor de sementes.

Qualidade do tomate de mesa cultivado nos sistemas convencional e orgânico Quality of tomatoes cultivated in the organic and conventional cropping systems

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Sila Mary Rodrigues Ferreira

2010-03-01

Full Text Available A presença dos produtos orgânicos nas gôndolas das grandes redes de supermercados indica que existe um potencial de mercado para esses produtos, no entanto poucas são as informações técnico-científicas sobre eles. Em razão disso, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo determinar a qualidade do tomate de mesa cultivado nos sistemas convencional (SC e orgânico (SO comercializado na Região Metropolitana de Curitiba. As amostras foram avaliadas pela massa, peso específico, cinzas, sólidos totais, sólidos solúveis totais, acidez titulável total, relação sólidos solúveis totais/acidez titulável total, pH, vitamina C, nitratos, nitritos, multirresíduos, benzimidazóis e ditiocarbamatos. Os resultados da análise físico-química mostraram que somente na umidade os tomates não apresentaram diferença significativa ao nível de 5% quando comparados pelo Teste de Tukey. Em relação à análise toxicológica, não foram detectados multirresíduos e benzimidazóis até os limites de 0,04 mg.kg-1 e 0,1 mg.kg-1 de carbendazim, respectivamente. Nos resíduos de pesticidas do grupo químico ditiocarbamatos, foi identificado 0,01 mg.kg-1 (CS2 nas amostras de SC3 e SC4 do tomate de mesa cultivado no sistema convencional, abaixo do limite máximo recomendado (LMR de 2,0 mg.kg-1 (CS2 de mancozebe.The presence of organic products in the aisles of big supermarket chains indicates a market potential for these products. However, there is little technical and scientific information. Thus, the objective of this work was to determine the quality of tomatoes grown under conventional (CS and organic (OS systems, on sale in the metropolitan area of Curitiba, Brazil. Samples were evaluated in terms of mass, specific weight, ash, total solids, total soluble solids, total titratable acidity, total soluble solids/total titratable acidity ratio, pH, vitamin C, nitrates, nitrites, multiresidues. There were no significant differences between conventional and

Contribución al estudio de la biología y capacidad de control de Encarsia Formosa Gahan en la Sabana de Bogotá Biology ano control activity ,of Encarsia formosa Gahan in Bogota (Colombia

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Español Jeannette Amparo

1988-12-01

Full Text Available Con la introducción de Encarsia formosa Ganan.(Hvrnenóptero-Aphelinidae, parásito espec ífico de la mosca blanca Trisleurodes vaporariorum (Westwood Ouaintance
& Baker, se realizó un estudio de biología, comportamiento y adaptación del parásito en condiciones de laboratorio e invernadero a nivel de la Sabana de Bogotá, A partir de las primeras liberaciones de Encsrsie, se observó una buena capacidad de búsqueda, dispersión, adaptación y eficiencia
de control sobre la mayoría de hospederos vegetales muestreados, En condiciones de la boratorio sobre plantas de tomate, se obtuvo una fecundidad promedia de 63 huevos/
hembra/20 días, una longevidad promedia de 41,4 días, una relación de sexos de 361: 1 Hembras/macho, una duración del ciclo de vida de 22,1 días cuando parasitó ninfas en tercer instar y de 12,7 días cuando parasitó ninfas de mosca blanca en cuarto instar, En la evaluación del control ejercido sobre las ninfas de mosca blanca en plantas de tomate se determinó un mayor porcentaje de parasitismo en los folíolos medios y apicales y un mayor porcentaje de predación en los folíolos basales, En cuanto al control ejercido por Encarsia formosa sobre plantas de tomate y tabaco en laboratorio y tomate,  milflores y alstroemeria bajo condiciones de
invernadero y sometidas a libre infestación de la plaga y el parásito se determinó un buen control expresado en un alto porcentaje de parasitismo superior al 70% y un bajo
porcentaje de predación.
Some preliminary studies on behavior and adaptation of the newly introduced Encarsia formosa Gahan as a parasite of the greenhouse whitefly Trisleurodes vaporariorum (Westwood under laboratory and greenhouse conditions were determined. Different plant hosts of T. vaporariorum were considered. Using tomato as a host for the greenhouse whitefly it was found that E. formosa showed and average
fecundity of 63 eggs per female in 20 days, an adult

Somatic hybrid plants between Lycopersicon esculentum and Solanum lycopersicoides.

Science.gov (United States)

Handley, L W; Nickels, R L; Cameron, M W; Moore, P P; Sink, K C

1986-02-01

Leaf mesophyll protoplasts of Lycopersicon esculentum (2n=2x=24) were fused with suspension culture-derived protoplasts of Solanum lycopersicoides (2n=2x=24) and intergeneric somatic hybrid plants were regenerated following selective conditions. A two phase selection system was based on the inability of S. lycopersicoides protoplasts to divide in culture in modified medium 8E and the partial inhibition of L. esculentum protoplasts by the PEG/DMSO fusion solution. At the p-calli stage, putative hybrids were visually selected based on their hybrid vigor and lime-green coloration in contrast to slower growing parental calli characterized by a watery, whitish-brown coloration. Early identification of the eight hybrid plants studied was facilitated by isozyme analysis of leaf tissue samples taken from plants in vitro at the rooting stage. Regenerated plants growing in planting medium were further verified for hybridity by 5 isozymes marking 7 loci on 5 chromosomes in tomato. These included Skdh-1 mapped to chromosome 1 of tomato, Pgm-2 on chromosome 4, Got-2 and Got-3 on chromosome 7, Got-4 on chromosome 8, and Pgi-1 and Pgdh-2 both on chromosome 12. Fraction I protein small subunits further confirmed the hybrid nature of the plants with bands of both parents expressed in all hybrids. The parental chloroplasts could not be differentiated by the isoelectric points of the large subunit. Seven of the eight somatic hybrids had a chromosome number ranging from the expected 2n=4x=48 to 2n=68. Mixoploid root-tip cells containing 48, 53, 54 or 55 chromosomes for two of the hybrids were also observed.

Bactérias extremófilas facultativas : efeito na promoção de crescimento de plantas de tomate e na supressão de Ralstonia solanacearum

OpenAIRE

Rezende, Adriana Magali de Freitas Alves

2011-01-01

O tomateiro comum (Solanum lycopersicum L.) é uma olerícola de grande importância econômica e social, se destacando no Brasil, pelas extensas áreas agrícolas cultivadas. O Brasil é o sexto maior produtor de tomate no mundo. No entanto, a murcha bacteriana, causada pela bactéria Ralstonia solanacearum (Smith) Yabuuchi está entre as doenças de maior importância e de difícil controle, não existindo ainda medidas adequadas que possam ser recomendadas. Com objetivo de determinar um controle biológ...

Qualidade de sementes de tomate influenciada pelos tratamentos térmico e osmótico Tomato seeds quality affected by dry heat and osmotic treatments

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Flávio de Souza Lopes

2004-09-01

Full Text Available O tratamento térmico via calor seco, visando o controle de patógenos associado às sementes, pode causar danos à qualidade fisiológica das mesmas, que podem ser recuperados, por meio do condicionamento osmótico. Avaliou-se o efeito do tratamento térmico via calor seco na qualidade sanitária e fisiológica das sementes de tomate, assim como a influência do condicionamento osmótico na qualidade fisiológica das sementes submetidas à termoterapia. As sementes das cultivares Quadrado Mix, Topmec e Calmec VFN foram expostas ao tratamento térmico a 70; 72,5 e 75ºC, em estufa com circulação forçada, por períodos de zero, 48; 96 e 120 horas. O período zero, sem a aplicação de calor, foi considerado como testemunha. Posteriormente, estas sementes foram avaliadas quanto à sanidade, condicionadas em solução aerada de polietilenoglicol a 0,0 e -1,0 MPa e submetidas à avaliação do teor de água, da germinação e do vigor. Pelos resultados pode-se concluir que o tratamento térmico via calor seco não foi eficiente em eliminar os patógenos associados às sementes de tomate, dependendo da cultivar avaliada. Períodos prolongados de exposição ao calor seco causaram danos à qualidade fisiológica das sementes de tomate, que não foram recuperados com o subseqüente condicionamento osmótico.The dry heat treatment aiming to control microorganisms in the seeds can cause damage to the physiological quality of seeds. Osmotic conditioning can be useful tool for recovering the physiological quality of the heat treated seeds. The study was carried out to evaluate the effects of dry heat treatments on the tomato seeds sanitary and physiologic quality, as well as to analyze the effect of the osmotic conditioning on seeds submitted to dry heat treatment. The seeds of cultivars Quadrado Mix, Topmec and Calmec VFN were heated at 70; 72.5 and 75ºC by periods of zero, 48; 96 and 120 hours. After the heat treatment, the seeds were evaluated for

Invertase proteinaceous inhibitor of Cyphomandra betacea Sendt fruits.

Science.gov (United States)

Ordóñez, R M; Isla, M I; Vattuone, M A; Sampietro, A R

2000-01-01

This work describes a new invertase proteinaceous inhibitor from Cyphomandra betacea Sendt. (tomate de arbol) fruits. The proteinaceous inhibitor was isolated and purified from a cell wall preparation. The pH stability, kinetics of the inhibition of the C. betacea invertase, inhibition of several higher plant invertases and lectin nature of the inhibitor were studied. The inhibitor structure involves a single polypeptide (Mr = 19000), as shown by gel filtration and SDS-PAGE determinations. N-terminal aminoacid sequence was determined. The properties and some structural features of the inhibitor are compared with the proteinaceous inhibitors from several plant species (Beta vulgaris L., Ipomoea batatas L. and Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.). All these inhibitors share lectinic properties, some common epitopes, some aminoacid sequences and a certain lack of specificity towards invertases of different species, genera and even plant family. In consequence, the inhibitors appear to belong to the same lectin family. It is now known that some lectins are part of the defence mechanism of higher plants against fungi and bacteria and this is a probable role of the proteinaceous inhibitors.

The influence of al-madinah al-munawwara treated and untreated domestic wastewater on growth and physiology of three tomato (lycopersicon esculentum mill.) genotypes

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Akhkha, A.; Boutraa, T.; Shoaibi, A.K.

2017-01-01

The impact of irrigation with Al-Madinah Al-Munawwara domestic wastewater on three tomato genotypes (AL, P and VF) was investigated. Five treatments including Tap water, untreated (TN), primary (T1), secondary (T2) and tertiary (T3) treated wastewaters were used for irrigation. The physico-chemical characteristics of wastewater were determined. Leaves were analysed for N, P, K and heavy metals (Copper, Cadmium, Lead and Nickel). The growth parameters assessed were % germination, plant height, shoot and root dry weights, and total leaf dry weight. Some physiological parameters such as photosynthetic light response curve, maximum gross photosynthesis (Amax), dark respiration (DR), chlorophyll fluorescence parameters (Fo, Fm and Fv / Fm), chlorophyll content index and stomatal conductance were detected. % germination was decreased in both A1 and P genotype, with no effect on VF genotype. Most growth parameters were increased in genotype A1, followed by VF then P genotype which had a sensitive leaf dry weight to T2 and T3. Photosynthesis was mainly increased in A1 genotype with a decrease in VF genotype. DR was negatively affected in VF genotype with no response of A1 genotype. Chlorophyll fluorescence showed an increase in Fo in VF genotype but a decrease in Fv / Fm in both A1 and VF genotypes. Chlorophyll content index was decreased but only in A1 and VF genotypes under TN. Treatment with TN and / or T1 decreased stomatal conductance in all genotypes. The levels of heavy metals in wastewaters used were lower than the standard limits; however, plant chemical analysis showed that the leaves of the three tomato genotypes accumulated heavy metals but differently with higher levels at TN and lower levels at T3. (author)

UV irradiation as a tool for obtaining asymmetric somatic hybrids between Nicotiana plumbaginifolia and Lycopersicon esculentum

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Vlahova, M.; Hinnisdaels, S.; Frulleux, F.; Claeys, M.; Atanassov, A.; Jacobs, M.

1997-01-01

UV-irradiated kanamycin-resistant Lycopersicon esculentum leaf protoplasts were fused with wild-type Nicotiana plumbaginifolia leaf protoplasts. Hybrid calli were recovered after selection in kanamycin-containing medium and subsequently regenerated. Cytological analysis of these regenerants showed that several (2–4) tomato chromosomes, or chromosome fragments, were present in addition to a polyploid Nicotiana genome complement. All lines tested had neomycin phosphotransferase (NPTII) activity and the presence of the kanamycin gene was shown by Southern blotting. In two cases a different hybridization profile for the kanamycin gene, compared to the tomato donor partner, was observed, suggesting the occurence of intergenomic recombination events. The hybrid nature of the regenerants was further confirmed by Southernblotting experiments using either a ribosomal DNA sequence or a tomato-specific repeat as probes. The hybrids were partially fertile and some progeny could be obtained. Our results demonstrate that UV irradiation is a valuable alternative for asymmetric cell-hybridization experiments. (author)

Evaluación de distintas materias primas para la producción de almácigo de tomate

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Fernando Richmond

2010-01-01

Full Text Available Se evaluaron mezclas de materias primas naturales en diferentes proporciones y en el siguiente orden: fibra de coco (Cocos nucifera, aserrín de melina (Gmelina arborea y abono orgánico Coope Victoria, para utilizarlos como sustrato en la etapa de almácigo de tomate híbrido FBM-17. Se hicieron mezclas entre sí de fibra de coco y aserrín de melina en diferentes proporciones (30%, 40% y 50% de cada material, para un total de 9 tratamientos; el abono orgánico se agregó para completar el 100%. Se evaluó la variable porcentaje de germinación 7 días después de la siembra (dds y porcentaje de plantas trasplantables a 27 dds en cada parcela útil. Además, en 10 plántulas escogidas al azar dentro de cada parcela útil (a 27 dds se evaluó: altura de plántula, grosor del tallo, peso seco de raíz y parte aérea, relación raíz/parte aérea y calidad de adobe. Del total de tratamientos, los mayores valores para las variables evaluadas se obtuvieron en los 3 tratamientos donde la proporción de aserrín de melina fue 30%, junto con el tratamiento de 40% de fibra de coco + 40% de aserrín de melina + 20% de abono orgánico Coope Victoria; entre ellos el sustrato con tendencia a dar mejores resultados en todas las variables fue la mezcla 30-30-40. Los valores inferiores para las variables evaluadas se obtuvieron en el tratamiento donde no se incluyó en la mezcla abono orgánico (50-50-0, excepto para las variables porcentaje de germinación y relación raíz/parte aérea. La inclusión de abono orgánico en la mezcla del sustrato favoreció la obtención de valores satisfactorios.

Calidad postcosecha de tomates almacenados en atmósferas controladas Postharvest quality of tomato fruits stored under controlled atmospheres

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Perla A. Gómez

2002-03-01

Full Text Available Las atmósferas controladas alargan la vida en estante del tomate, permitiendo su cosecha en estados de madurez más avanzados y a su vez afectando su calidad. El objetivo de este experimento fue estudiar los efectos que atmósferas controladas con bajas concentraciones de oxígeno y libres de dióxido de carbono y etileno, producen sobre el color, la firmeza y los principales componentes del sabor de frutos de tomate cultivar Diva. Durante abril de 1998, frutos cosechados con grado de color 3 (USDA en INTA Balcarce (Argentina fueron almacenados en frascos herméticos de 3 L a 12°C durante 36 días. El diseño fue completamente aleatorizado con tres repeticiones. Cada frasco poseía cuatro frutos, los que constituyeron la unidad experimental. Los tratamientos fueron cuatro, consistiendo en un flujo continuo de: a 1%, b 3%, c 5% y d 21% de O2 (testigo completando con N2 hasta 100%. El color, medido con un colorímetro, evolucionó más lentamente y la firmeza se retuvo por más tiempo a medida que se redujo la concentración de oxígeno. Con 5% de oxígeno el color final no difirió del testigo, con 3% sólo fue igual al exponerlos luego a 20°C, no alcanzándose una coloración normal con 1%. Por otra parte, y en todos los tratamientos por igual, los sólidos solubles y la acidez fueron menores y el pH fue mayor que al inicio. El color y la firmeza preferidos por los consumidores (Índice de color »12 y firmeza » 65 KPa fueron alcanzados a los 7 días de almacenamiento con 21% de O2, a los 12 con 5%, a los 14 con 3% y a los 21 con 1%, correspondiéndose con valores decrecientes de la relación sólidos solubles/acidez titulable. Esto indicaría que frutos externamente semejantes poseerían propiedades organolépticas diferentes. Los efectos observados estarían asociados no sólo a la menor tensión de oxígeno, sino también a la ausencia de etileno.Controlled atmosphere extends tomato shelf life, allowing them to be harvested them at later

Signal transduction events in aluminum-induced cell death in tomato suspension cells

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Iakimova, E.T.; Kapchina-Toteva, V.M.; Woltering, E.J.

2007-01-01

In this study, some of the signal transduction events involved in AlCl3-induced cell death in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) suspension cells were elucidated. Cells treated with 100 ¿M AlCl3 showed typical features of programmed cell death (PCD) such as nuclear and cytoplasmic condensation.

Effect of Heat Shock Treatment and Aloe Vera Coating to Chilling Injury Symptom in Tomato (Lycopersicon asculantum Mill.

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Sutrisno

2012-04-01

Full Text Available This research was undertaken to determine the effect of length in heat shock and edible coating as pre-storage treatment to Chilling Injury (CI symptom reflected by ion leakage induced and quality properties in tomato (Lycopersicon asculantum Mill.. Heat Shock Treatment (HST was conducted at three different levels of length, which were, 20; 40 and 60 min. Edible coating was conducted using aloe vera gel. The result showed that HST and Aloe Vera Coating (AVC were more effective to reduce CI symptom at lower chilling storage. Prolong exposure to heated water may delay climacteric peak. The length of heat shock, AVC treatment and low temperature storage significantly affected the tomato quality parameter but not significantly different for each treatment except weight loss. HST for 20 min at ambient temperature was significantly different to other treatment.

Comparison of regeneration potentials in tissue cultures of primitive and cultivated tomato species (Lycopersicon sp.

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M. Lech

2014-01-01

Full Text Available Regeneration capacities of two tomato cultivars: Potentat and Rutgers, and of three accessions of wild tomato species: Lycopersicon peruvianum PI 128650, L. peruvianum var. dentatum PI 128655 and L. glandulosum were studied using an universal medium suitable for regeneration of those plants from leaf pieces in tissue culture. Fragments of leaf blades were taken from plants raised in greenhouse conditions and placed on a modified MS medium containing 0.3 mg/l IAA and 3.0 mg/l BAP solidified with 1% agar. The explants were transferred every 4-5 weeks on fresh medium of the same composition. It was shown that all the three primitive tomato species revealed much higher multiplication coefficients than the two cultivars. Appropriate values were: 11 - for L. glandulosum, 8 - for L. peruvianum, 7 - for L. peruvianum var. dentatum, 4 - for L. esculentum cv. Potentat and 2 - cv. Rutgers. Completely regenerated plants were obtained from all the tested species, but organogenesis occurred almost two weeks earlier in wild tomatoes than in the culitivated varieties of L. esculentum.

Phytochemical and nutrient/antinutrient interactions in cherry tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) fruits.

Science.gov (United States)

Oyetayo, Folake Lucy; Ibitoye, Muyiwa Femi

2012-07-01

The fruit of the cherry tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum (Solanaceae)) was analysed for mineral and antinutrient composition. Phosphorus (33.04 ± 0.21 mg/100g) was the most abundant mineral in the fruit, followed by calcium (32.04 ± 0.06 mg/100 g), and potassium (11.9 ± 0.1 mg/100 g) and manganese (9.55 ± 0.28 mg/100 g) were also present in appreciable quantities. Antinutrients, including phytate, glycoside, saponin and tannin, were screened and quantified. Phytate (112.82 ± 0.1 mg/100 g), glycoside (2.33 ± 0.00 mg/100 g), saponin (1.31 ± 0.00 mg/100g) and tannin (0.21 ± 0.00 mg/100 g) were present in the fruit but phlobatanin and glycosides with steroidal rings were not found. The calculated calcium:phytate ratio of the fruits was below the critical value and the calculated [calcium] [phytate]:[zinc] molar ratio was less than the critical value. The calcium:phosphorus ratio (0.97 mg/100 g) shows the fruit to be a good source of food nutrients, while the sodium:potassium value was less than 1. Ca/P ratio below 0.5 indicates deficiency of these minerals while Na/K ratio above 1 is detrimental because of excessive sodium levels. The results of the study generally revealed the fruit to be rich in minerals but containing insufficient quantities of antinutrients to result in poor mineral bioavailability.

Nitrogen management in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) using 15N-enriched fertilizer

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Shivananda, T.N.; Iyengar, B.R.V.; Kotur, S.C.

1996-01-01

An experiment was conducted during 1991 to study nitrogen management using 15 N-enriched fertilizer, to achieve economy in fertilizer N input by reduction and postponement of the basal dose in Arka Vikas tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Miller nom. cons). Application of 90 kg N/ha in 3 equal splits at 10, 30 and 50 days after transplanting did not show any reduction in total N uptake, dry-matter and fruit yields compared with 120 kg N/ha applied in 3 splits (60 kg N/ha basal and 30 kg top-dressed 20 and 40 days after transplanting). Band application of the basal dose and top-dressing at 20 days after transplanting resulted in higher N derived from fertilizer (Ndff), its uptake and utilization. Top-dressing of 30 or 40 kg N/ha at 10 days after transplanting resulted in better utilization than broadcasting the basal dose of 60 kg N/ha. Application at 40-50 days after transplanting showed poor uptake and utilization of applied N. The succeeding Arka Kalyan onion (Allium cepa L.) utilized 2.95-6.37% residual N, the highest being from the split application at 40 days after transplanting. Thus there was economy in fertilizer N input and higher carry-over of residual N for determinate cultivar of tomato be delaying as well as reducing the basal dose and confining the top-dressing to 30 days after transplanting. (author)

Nicotine promotes rooting in leaf explants of in vitro raised seedlings of tomato, Lycopersicon esculentum Miller var. Pusa Ruby.

Science.gov (United States)

Bamel, Kiran; Gupta, Rajendra; Gupta, Shrish C

2015-11-01

Nicotine promotes rooting in leaf explants of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Miller var. Pusa Ruby). Nicotine at 10(-9) to 10(-3) M concentrations was added to the MS basal medium. The optimum response (three-fold increase in rooting) was obtained at 10(-7) M nicotine-enriched MS medium. At the same level i.e. 10(-7) M Nicotine induced dramatic increase (11-fold) in the number of secondary roots per root. We have shown earlier that exogenous acetylcholine induces a similar response in tomato leaves. Since nicotine is an agonist of one of the two acetylcholine receptors in animals, its ability to simulate ACh action in a plant system suggests the presence of the same molecular mechanism operative in both, animal and plant cells. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Detection of weed locations in leaf occluded cereal crops using a fully convolutional neural network

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Dyrmann, Mads; Nyholm Jørgensen, Rasmus; Midtiby, Henrik Skov

2017-01-01

This pap er presents a metho d for au tomating weed detectio n in colour images despite heavy lea f occlusion. A fully convolu tio n al neural network is used to detect the weed s. The netwo rk is trained and validated on a tot al of more than 17,000 ann otations of w eeds in images from wint er w...

Hygienic quality of traditional processing and stability of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) puree in Togo.

Science.gov (United States)

Ameyapoh, Yaovi; de Souza, Comlan; Traore, Alfred S

2008-09-01

Microbiological and physicochemical qualities of a tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) puree production line (ripe tomato, washing, cutting, pounding, bleaching, straining, bottling and pasteurization) and its preservation in Togo, West Africa, were studied using the HACCP method. Samples generated during the steps described previously were analyzed by determining sensory, chemical and microbiological characteristics. Samples were analyzed using MPN for coliform populations and plate count methodology for other bacteria. The microorganisms involved in spoilage of the opened products were moulds of genera Penicillium, Aspergillus, Fusarium, Geotrichum, Mucor and gram-positive Bacillus bacteria. The preserved tomato puree exhibited a pH value of 4.3, 90% water content, 0.98 water activity (aw) and an average ascorbic acid level of 27.3mg/100g. Results showed that the critical control point (CCP) of this tomato puree processing line is the pasteurization stage. The analysis of selected microbiological and physicochemical parameters during the preservation of bottled tomato puree indicated that this product was stable over 22 months at 29 degrees C. But the stability of the opened product stored at 29 degrees C did not exceed two months.

Efectos de la sobreproducción de ácido abscísico y citoquininasen la respuesta fisiológica y agronómica de tomate bajo estrés salino en invernadero

OpenAIRE

Martínez Pérez, Ascensión; Albacete Moreno, Alfonso; Sánchez Iglesias, María del Puerto; Pérez Alfocea, Francisco; Martínez Andújar, Cristina

2014-01-01

La salinidad limita la productividad de los cultivos y modifica el balance hormonal vegetal. El ácido abscísico (ABA) y las citoquininas (CKs) son fitohormonas que median la respuesta a estreses abióticos y se considera que son producidas principalmente en la raíz. Para evaluar el papel de estas dos hormonas en el crecimiento y productividad de los cultivos bajo salinidad, se realizaron injertos cuyo portainjerto eran unas variedades transgénicas de tomate que sobreproducían ác...

Allergenicity assessment of genetically modified cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) resistant tomato (Solanum lycopersicon).

Science.gov (United States)

Lin, Chih-Hui; Sheu, Fuu; Lin, Hsin-Tang; Pan, Tzu-Ming

2010-02-24

Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) has been identified as the causal agent of several disease epidemics in most countries of the world. Insect-mediated virus diseases, such as those caused by CMV, caused remarkable loss of tomato (Solanum lycopersicon) production in Taiwan. With expression of the CMV coat protein gene (Cmvcp) in a local popular tomato cultivar L4783, transgenic tomato line R8 has showed consistent CMV resistance through T(0) to T(8). In this report, the allergenicity of the CMV coat protein (CMV cp) expressed in transgenic tomato R8 was assessed by investigation of the expression of the transgene source of protein, sequence similarity with known allergens, and resistance to pepsin hydrolysis. There is no known account for either the CMV or its coat protein being an allergen. The result of a bioinformatic search also showed no significant homology between CMV cp and any known allergen. The pepsin-susceptible property of recombinant CMV cp was revealed by a simulated gastric fluid (SGF) assay. Following the most recent FAO/WHO decision tree, all results have indicated that CMV cp was a protein with low possibility to be an allergen and the transgenic tomato R8 should be considered as safe as its host.

Harvest season influences on the quality of tomato grown in alternative systems / Influência das épocas de colheita na qualidade de tomate cultivado em sistemas alternativos

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Regina Marta Evangelista

2009-03-01

Full Text Available On tomato production in Brazil, around two/thirties is designated to consume “in nature”. Thus, the skin aspect and its quality became an important factor on buying decision. Tomato presents high mass of water, and its quality depends on temperature and humidity variation. Water loss brings weight and fruit aspect loss, affecting the quality. This work aimed to verify the influence of harvest season on the fruit quality grown in alternative, organic and biodynamic systems. It was evaluated tomato quality characteristics, including mass loss, texture, pH, titratable acidity, soluble solids. The cycle stage of the tomato plant interferes on fruit quality. The third, fourth and fifth harvests were those which showed the highest values to quality parameters, with more fresh mass fruit. The sixth harvest showed fruits with high total soluble solids and sugar contents. On the evaluation of mass loss on the three harvest seasons, it was observed that on the first harvest there was a smaller loss. The period of harvest cycle interferes on the time of storage, and fruitd harvested on the first have more conservation time in relation to the other onesNa produção de tomate no Brasil, aproximadamente dois terços são destinados ao consumo “in natura”. Assim, o aspecto externo e a sua qualidade tornam-se um fator importante na decisão de compra. O tomate apresenta elevado conteúdo de água, estando sujeito às variações de temperatura e umidade relativa do ambiente onde se encontra. A perda de água ocasiona perda de peso e aparência do fruto, afetando a qualidade. O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar a influência das épocas de colheita na qualidade de frutos de tomateiro cultivados em sistemas alternativos, orgânico e biodinâmico. Foram avaliadas características de qualidade dos frutos de tomate, que incluíram perda de massa, textura, pH, sólidos solúveis, acidez titulável e açúcares redutores. O estádio do ciclo do tomateiro

Estabilidade de molho de tomate em embalagens metálicas com baixo revestimento de estanho Stability of canned tomato sauce in tinplate cans with a reduced tin layer

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Sílvia Tondella Dantas

2012-06-01

Full Text Available O desempenho de latas de três peças eletrossoldadas com corpo produzido em folha de flandres com camada de estanho de 2,0 g.m-2 no lado interno, contendo 340 g de molho de tomate, foi avaliado por meio da estocagem por 24 meses a 35 °C, tendo sido determinadas periodicamente: a concentração de estanho, ferro e cromo no produto; a condição de vácuo/pressão e a composição gasosa do espaço livre, além da aparência interna da embalagem. A partir dessa avaliação, pode-se concluir que essa embalagem é uma opção viável para 18 meses de estocagem do produto na temperatura ambiente de até 35 °C.The performance of three piece welded cans produced in tinplate with an internal tin layer of 2.0 g.m-2, containing 340 g of tomato sauce, was assessed by means of a storage test carried out for 24 months at 35 °C. The concentrations of tin, iron and chromium in the product, the vacuum/pressure condition and the headspace gas composition were periodically determined, as well as the internal visual appearance of the pack, allowing to conclude that such packaging was a viable option for 18 months of storage of the product from ambient temperature up to 35 °C.

Genetic diversity and DNA fingerprint study in tomato (Solanum ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

User_Name

tomato (S. lycopersicon) that have different origin and grown under. Egyptian environment ..... Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Sia et al., 2000) up to 10-3 in the pipefish .... (2000). Analysis of microsatellite mutations in the mitochondrial DNA.

EFECTO DEL VERMICOMPOST Y QUITINA SOBRE EL CONTROL DE Meloidogyne incognita EN TOMATE A NIVEL DE INVERNADERO

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Leida Castro

2011-01-01

Full Text Available Meloidogyne incognita es un nematodo endoparásito sedentario, de penetración total y formador de nódulos radicales; tiene una amplia distribución geográfica y causa pérdidas agrícolas importantes. Recientemente se han utilizado abonos orgánicos y compuestos como la quitina en la supresión de plagas y enfermedades de plantas. El objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar el efecto de la aplicación de vermicompost de estiércol bovino y su enriquecimiento con quitina, sobre la infección de M. incognita en plantas de tomate var. Hayslip bajo condiciones de invernadero. Para esto se inocularon las plantas con 5000 unidades de inóculo (huevos+juveniles en segundo estado por maceta y se compararon con controles que fueron sembrados en suelo sin enmienda orgánica o quitina. La evaluación se llevó a cabo 60 días después y se midió el peso fresco aéreo y radical, peso seco aéreo, población total de nematodos en raíz y suelo, índice de nódulos radicales (INR, índice de masas de huevos (IMH, el factor de reproducción del nematodo (FR y recuento de grupos funcionales (hongos, bacterias y actinomicetes. La adición al suelo de vermicompost provocó un incremento en las variables peso fresco y seco foliar y peso fresco radical: a mayor porcentaje de vermicompost, mayor incremento; así mismo, la aplicación del vermicompost redujo la cantidad del nematodo en raíz y en suelo. La aplicación de quitina acentuó estos resultados, obteniéndose el menor factor de reproducción de M. Incognita, con un valor de 3,76 para la dosis de 50% vermicompost+quitina, mientras que en el testigo este factor fue de 93,20. La aplicación de quitina como enmienda única solo afectó la población de hongos en el suelo, mientras que la de actinomicetes aumentó en los tratamientos enmendados.

ÍNDICE DE ESTRÉS HÍDRICO DEL CULTIVO DE TOMATE DE CÁSCARA (Physalis ixocarpa Brot.

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R. López- López

2009-01-01

Full Text Available El uso de la termometría infrarroja para medir el índice de estrés hídrico de cultivos (IEHC es una herramienta confiable en la programación de riegos, combinado con sistemas eficientes de riego permiten maximizar la productividad de cultivos. Los objetivos del trabajo fueron determinar el IEHC en tomate de cáscara (Physalis ixocarpa Brot. producido con riego por goteo, su relación con láminas de riego y acolchado plástico en la programación del riego y predicción del rendimiento de frutos. El diseño experimental fue completamente al azar con tres repeticiones. Se estudiaron los efectos de cinco láminas de riego (reposición del 40, 60, 80, 100 y 120 % de la evapotranspiración de referencia de Penman-Monteith (ET0. El IEHC fue calculado a partir de mediciones de temperatura del cultivo y del aire, y de la humedad relativa con una pistola de rayos infrarrojos. Después el déficit de presión de vapor (DPV se estimó. La ecuación que define el límite inferior del IEHC expresa la relación entre el DPV y la diferencia de temperatura del cultivo y del aire (Tc-Ta. Cuando el cultivo transpira, esta relación es: Tc -Ta = 1.21 - 131 DPV (r2 =0.68, P<0.01, n=42 y el límite superior fue de 2.8 °C, cuando el cultivo no transpira. El rendimiento de frutos se correlacionó directamente con valores promedios de IEHC y se obtuvo la ecuación lineal: Y = 52.53-69.7IEHC (r2 = 0.65, P<0.01 y n = 30. Los modelos que predicen el IEHC a partir de la lámina de riego y efecto de acolchado plástico se ajustan con r2 de 0.87 a 0.96, P<0.01 y n=30. El IEHC aumenta linealmente cuando disminuye el potencial del agua.

Eficácia de limpeza durante o beneficiamento do tomate de mesa Effectiveness of cleaning fresh market tomatoes during post harvest handling

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Ana Maria de Magalhães

2009-12-01

Full Text Available Neste trabalho avaliou-se a limpeza do tomate de mesa 'Débora' em relação à eficácia na qualidade dos frutos. Primeiramente, estudou-se a eficácia, com auxílio de esferas de borracha, variando-se as cerdas (náilon, sisal, PET e fibra de coco e a rotação (40, 80, 120 e 160rpm das escovas. Depois, com os melhores resultados, foram avaliadas a eficácia da limpeza em tomates e a qualidade pós-colheita dos frutos mensurada pela perda de massa (%, atividade respiratória (CO2 e evolução da concentração de etileno. No primeiro ensaio, as cerdas de náilon, sisal e fibra de coco combinadas com as altas rotações tornaram a limpeza mais eficaz. A cerda PET e a rotação de 40rpm foram ineficientes, apresentando um índice de limpeza (IL inferior a 50%. Para os tomates, o tratamento com náilon a 120rpm foi o mais eficaz na limpeza (IL=91%; todavia, o tratamento com náilon 160rpm apresentou um IL inferior (88%, pois, devido à alta velocidade, os frutos pulavam e não eram envoltos pelas cerdas. Menores IL foram obtidos com fibra de coco a 80 e 120rpm, mas não estatisticamente diferentes. De modo geral, frutos limpos com náilon e sisal a 120rpm apresentaram as maiores alterações na qualidade pós-colheita quando comparados aos frutos limpos nessas mesmas cerdas a 160rpm. Maior flexibilidade das cerdas proporciona maior contato fruto/cerdas, com melhoria na eficiência de limpeza, o que pode provocar alterações na qualidade pós-colheita do fruto, porém não significativas.This research evaluated the cleaning process of fresh market tomatoes Débora in relation to the efficiency cleaning and fruit quality. First, the efficiency cleaning was carried, with rubber spheres, changing the types of bristles (nylon, sisal fiber, PET and coconut fiber as well as the rotation (40, 80, 120 and 160rpm of rotary brushes. Afterwards, with the best results, the studies were carried out with fresh market tomatoes to evaluate cleaning efficiency

Dosis de polvo de roca y sus efectos sobre el rendimiento del tomate

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C. R. Enciso Garay

2016-01-01

Full Text Available La agricultura sustentable juega un rol muy importante en la producción continua de alimentos, donde se busca reducir la dependencia de fertilizantes minerales y el incremento del uso de fuentes naturales de nutrientes, con bajos impactos en el medio ambiente. Se ha evaluado el efecto de diferentes dosis de polvo de roca de origen basáltico en las características productivas del tomate cultivar Carina, a través de un experimento en el municipio de Caazapá, Departamento de Caazapá, Paraguay, en el periodo de 11/2012 a 04/2013. Los tratamientos consistieron en testigo sin fertilización, testigo experimental con fertilización química (basado en el análisis de suelo y diferentes dosis de polvo de roca de 0,5; 0,75; 1,0; 1,25; 1,5 y 2,0 t ha-1. El diseño experimental fue de bloques completos al azar con tres repeticiones. Cada unidad experimental estuvo constituida de 24 plantas, de las cuales fueron evaluadas ocho. Las variables medidas fueron masa media de frutos, rendimiento comercial y número comercial de frutos por planta (> 50 g. La comparación de medias por la prueba de Tukey al 5% de probabilidad arrojó que la fertilización química resultó en mayor rendimiento, masa media de frutos y número de frutos por planta. A partir de la dosis de polvo de roca de 1,0 t ha-1, se encontró efecto significativo sobre el número de frutos por planta y desde 0,75 t ha-1 sobre la masa de frutos y rendimiento, obteniéndose, los mejores resultados con las dosis más elevadas. El análisis de regresión realizado con las dosis de polvo de roca muestra una respuesta lineal creciente para las variables evaluadas.Rock dust dose and its effects on commercial performance of tomatoAbstract: Sustainable agriculture plays a very important role for continuous production of food, where it seeks to reduce the dependence of mineral fertilizers and the increase in the use of natural sources of nutrients, with low impact on the environment. The effect of

Chemical composition and energy value of guava and tomato wastes for broilers chickens at different ages Composição química e valores energéticos dos resíduos de goiaba e tomate para frangos corte em diferentes idades

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Rosa Cavalcante Lira

2011-05-01

Full Text Available The chemical composition and energy value of guava and tomato wastes for broilers at different ages were determined in this research. The metabolism assays were carried out by using the methodology of total excreta collection to calculate the chemical composition of wastes collected in different months. A total of 270 COBB broiler chicks was used: 150 in the period from 1 to 8 days of age (phase 1 and 120 chicks were used in the period from 10 to 17 days of age (phase 2. The trials were analyzed as completely randomized design with three treatments with five replications of 10 and 8 birds at the respective ages. The treatments consisted of different diets: one reference diet, one with 30% tomato meal and another with 20% guava meal, both partially replacing the reference diet. The values of the chemical composition of guava and tomato wastes varied according to the collection season. The chemical composition indicated that the wastes can be used in poultry feed, but with high crude fiber contents. The values of apparent metabolizable energy and nitrogen-corrected apparent metabolizable energy and of gross energy metabolizability coefficient of guava waste was not affected by the birds age, different from the result observed for tomato waste, whose digestibility coefficients and apparent metabolizable energy values varied among growing phases. The apparent metabolizable energy values (AME for broilers form 1 to 8 and from 10 to 17 days of age were 1,331 and 1,358 kcal/kg for guava waste and from 2,351 to 2,465 kcal/kg for tomato waste.Objetivou-se determinar a composição química e os valores nergéticos dos resíduos de goiaba e de tomate para frangos de corte em diferentes idades. Os resíduos foram coletados em meses distintos e, posteriormente, determinada a composição química por meio de ensaios de metabolismo utilizando a metodologia da coleta total de excretas. Utilizaram-se 270 pintos de corte da linhagem COBB, sendo 150 no per

A method for the determination of two Alternaria toxins, alternariol and alternariol monomethyl ether, in tomato products Um método para determinação de duas toxinas de Alternaria, alternariol monometil éter e alternariol, em produtos de tomate

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Silvana da Motta

2000-10-01

Full Text Available Tomatoes, as any soft skinned fruit, are easily susceptible to fungal rot. Alternaria is the genus most frequently encountered in tomatoes. A. alternata and other spp. have been shown to produce the toxins alternariol monomethyl ether (AME and alternariol (AOH in tomatoes. A method for determining AME and AOH in tomato products was developed and evaluated. The method involves extraction with methanol, clarification with ammonium sulfate, and partition to chloroform. Quantification was conducted by high performance liquid chromatography with diode array detector (DAD. Average recoveries were 98.7% and 84.1% for AME and AOH, respectively. The quantification limits of the method, defined as the minimum amount that allowed quantification and confirmation by the DAD detector, were 2.0 ng/g for AME and 5.0 ng/g for AOH.Tomates são frutas de pele fina e assim facilmente susceptíveis a deterioração por fungos. Alternaria é o gênero que mais freqüentemente invade tomates. A. alternata e outras espécies deste gênero produzem as toxinas alternariol (AOH e alternariol monometil (AME. Um método analítico para determinação de AME e AOH em produtos de tomate foi desenvolvido e avaliado. O método consiste em uma extração com metanol, clarificação com sulfato de amônio e partição para clorofórmio. Quantificação foi executada por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência com detetor de arranjo de diodos (DAD. Recuperações médias foram 98,7% e 84,1% para AME e AOH, respectivamente. Os limites de detecção do método, definidos como a menor quantidade das toxinas que permitiu quantificação e confirmação pelo DAD, foram 2,0 ng/g para AME e 5,0 ng/g para AOH.

Aspectos microbiológicos e informação nutricional de molho de tomate orgânico oriundo da agricultura familiar Microbiological aspects and nutritional information of organic tomato sauce from family farming

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Jair Martins Maria Cavalcante Melo

2012-05-01

Full Text Available O sistema de produção orgânico vem crescendo, tanto em área cultivada como em número de produtores e mercado consumidor. Contudo, informações técnico-científicas sobre estes alimentos in natura e processados ainda são incipientes. O tomate (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill. desempenha um importante papel para os produtores orgânicos de todo o mundo, em função do retorno financeiro e da grande demanda. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi elaborar um molho de tomate orgânico, aproveitando os saberes dos agricultores, bem como avaliar sua qualidade microbiológica e determinar sua informação nutricional. O molho estudado apresentou 93,45% de umidade, 0,89% de proteínas, 0,13% de lipídeos, 1,50% de cinzas e 4,03% de carboidratos totais. Quanto aos aspectos microbiológicos, o molho apresentou condição sanitária satisfatória, de acordo com os padrões estabelecidos pela Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária (ANVISA, e valor calórico menor do que os molhos comerciais disponíveis no mercado. Os produtos processados foram rotulados e vendidos nas feiras agroecológicas da cidade do Rio de Janeiro, agregando valor ao tomate e gerando renda aos agricultores familiares.The organic production systems have been raising on cultivated area, producers number and market. However, technical and scientific information about raw and processed material undergoing to organic production system is scarce. Tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill. plays an important role for organic producers around the world due to its high profits and market acceptance. The aim of this study was to prepare an organic tomato sauce made from the knowledge of familiar farmers and to assess its microbiological quality and nutritional information. The studied product presented 93.45% of moisture, 0.89% of protein, 0.13% of lipids, 1.5% of ash and 4.03% of total carbohydrates contents. The products showed a satisfactory sanitary condition according to ANVISA and

Genética molecular de caracteres cuantitativos en cruzamientos dialélicos de tomate

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Guillermo Raúl Pratta

2011-05-01

Full Text Available El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar marcadores moleculares y caracteres cuantitativos en un cruzamiento dialélico completo sin recíprocos, entre cinco líneas recombinantes de tomate y sus híbridos. Se obtuvieron perfiles de AFLP ("amplified fragment length polymorphism" y de polipéptidos del pericarpio en cuatro estados de madurez del fruto de 15 genotipos. Se evaluaron, entre otros: peso, acidez titulable, pH, vida poscosecha y firmeza. Se calculó el porcentaje de polimorfismo para los marcadores moleculares y el porcentaje de variabilidad genética para los caracteres cuantitativos en el grupo de líneas recombinantes, el de híbridos y el conjunto de genotipos. Se realizaron análisis de agrupamiento con cada nivel de variación genética. Para AFLP, el porcentaje de polimorfismo varió entre 34 y 54% y, para los perfiles polipeptídicos, entre 40 y 78%. Mayor polimorfismo fue observado en el grupo de híbridos. La variabilidad genética fue de 100% para acidez y 34% para firmeza, con los mayores valores en los parentales. La similitud genética varió entre los genotipos según el nivel de variación genética; pero la consistencia en el agrupamiento de algunas líneas recombinantes y sus híbridos fue conservada, lo que evidenció asociaciones entre los datos moleculares y fenotípicos.

Investigation of the effects of aluminum stress on some macro and micro-nutrient contents of the seedlings of lycopersicon esculentum mill. by using scanning electron microscope

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Colak, G.; Catak, E.; Baykul, M.C.

2014-01-01

This study was planned to see the affect of aluminum stress on plant nutrition and metabolism. The effects of aluminum stress on uptake level of some macro- and micro-nutrients from the nutrition solution into the seedlings of Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. and on mobilization of some nutrient elements in the seedlings were examined at the level of epidermal cells. The elemental structure of root, hypocotyl and cotyledon epidermal cells were determined by Energy Dispersive Xray Microanalysis (EDX) performed in a local area 50 nm in diameter at the level of a single epidermal cell cytoplasm by using low vacuum (24 pascal ) Scanning Electron Microscope. EDX analysis revealed that aluminum content of the cells was increasing with the increased concentrations of aluminum in the nutrient solution and that aluminum largelyaccumulated in the roots. Aluminum concentration was much higher in the root epidermal cells of the seedlings incubated in aluminum containing media for 17 days without adding any nutrient solution; it was also true for the local EDX analysis of radicle epidermal cells from the same series. Aluminum stress was found to tend to modify the plant nutritional element content of the cells and this was particularly of critical importance in terms of some macro- and micro-nutrients. The assessments performed at the level of epidermal cells of young seedlings of Lycopersicon esculentum suggest that aluminum stress leads to an absolute change in the plant nutritional element composition of the cells and in the mobilization of some nutritional elements in the seedlings. (author)

Simultaneous ozone fumigation and fluoranthene sprayed as mists negatively affected cherry tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill).

Science.gov (United States)

Oguntimehin, Ilemobayo; Eissa, Fawzy; Sakugawa, Hiroshi

2010-07-01

Ozone (O(3)) fumigated at 120 microg L(-1) for 12 hd(-1) was combined with 10 microM fluoranthene, and other treatments, including Mannitol solution to investigate the interaction of the two pollutants on tomato plant (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill). Using ten treatments including Mannitol solution and a control, exposure experiment was conducted for 34 d inside six growth chambers used for monitoring the resulted ecophysiological changes. Visible foliar injury, chlorophyll a fluorescence, leaf pigment contents, CO(2) uptake and water vapor exchange were monitored in tomato. Ozone or fluoranthene independently affected some ecophysiological traits of the tomato. In addition, simultaneous treatments with the duo had increased (additive) negative effects on the photosynthesis rate (A(max)), stomatal conductance (g(s)), chlorophyll pigment contents (Chl a, Chl b and Chl((a+b))) and visible foliar symptoms. Contrarily, alleviation of the negative effects of O(3) on the leaf chlorophyll a fluorescence variables by fluoranthene occurred. Mannitol solution, which functioned as a reactive oxygen species scavenger was able to mitigate some negative effects of the two pollutants on the tomato plants. Copyright (c) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

CAMBIOS COMPOSICIONALES Y MICROBIOLÓGICOS ASOCIADOS A CICLOS SUCESIVOS DE DESHIDRATACIÓN OSMÓTICA DE TOMATE DE ÁRBOL COMPOSITIONAL AND MICROBIOLOGICAL CHANGES ASSOCIATED WITH SUCCESSIVE OSMODEHYDRATION CYCLES OF TREE TOMATO

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CRISTIAN CAMILO VILLA

2009-06-01

Full Text Available La Deshidratación Osmótica (DO es uno de los procesos más interesantes de aplicar en la industria alimentaria porque que permite la conservación de los productos, al disminuir su actividad de agua, usando la fuerza osmótica de una solución de azúcar, sal u otros materiales. La aplicación de esta técnica a frutas de origen tropical ricas en aromas exóticos como el tomate de árbol (Cyphomandra betacea (Cav Sendth, muestra tener gran potencial; sin embargo, se ha visto limitada por el problema económico y ambiental que representa el manejo de grandes volúmenes de la solución osmodeshidratante. En este artículo se establece la posibilidad de reutilizar la Solución Osmótica (SO, en el proceso de DO de cubos deformados de tomate de árbol durante 240 minutos, en una SO de 65°Brix y con una relación solución:fruta de 5:1. En cada ciclo de DO se renovaron los frutos y se reutilizó la SO sin reconcentrar, filtrando cada 4 ciclos. Se analizaron la pérdida de peso y humedad, la ganancia de °Brix, y la disminución de a w, de los frutos en cada ciclo de DO. Se realizaron recuentos microorganismos mesófilos aerobios, hongos y levaduras a la SO luego da cada ciclo de DO impar. Se encontró que la SO mantiene un carácter deshidratante similar al del primer ciclo de DO durante 7 ciclos sucesivos del proceso y es estable microbiológicamente hasta el noveno ciclo de DO.Osmotic Dehydration (OD is one of the most interesting processes to be applied in the food industry because it allows the preservation of products, by reducing their water activity, using the osmotic pressure of a concentrated solution of sugar, salt or other materials. The application of this technique to tropical fruits rich in exotic flavors such as tree tomato (Cyphomandra betacea (Cav Sendth, have shown great potential, but has been constrained by the economic and environmental problem that represents the management large volumes of the osmotic solution. This article

Asimetría en la transmisión de precios del tomate en el occidente de México

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Imelda Rosana Cih Dzul

2013-01-01

Full Text Available Se utilizó el concepto de transmisión de precios para evaluar el proceso de integración vertical de un mercado agrícola y sus posibles implicaciones en la distribución de los márgenes de comercialización consumidor-productor. El objetivo del trabajo fue cuantificar y caracterizar la transmisión vertical de precios del tomate en el mercado de Guadalajara, Jalisco, México. Se utilizó un modelo económico de transmisión de precios estimado por mínimos cuadrados ordinarios, porque las series de precio resultaron estacionarias. Se encontró que la transmisión de precios es asimétrica, lo que implica que cuando aumenta el precio que paga el consumidor aumenta proporcionalmente más que cuando este disminuye, ello en respuesta a un aumento o disminución de igual magnitud del precio en la central de abastos. La prueba de causalidad evidenció que existe una relación bidireccional del consumidor a la central de abastos y una relación unidireccional consumidor-productor y central de abastos-productor.

Potencial fitotóxico de Dicranopteris flexuosa (Schrad. Underw. (Gleicheniaceae Phytotoxic potential of Dicranopteris flexuosa (Schrad. Underw. (Gleicheniaceae

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Valerí Schmidt da Silva

2011-03-01

Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar o potencial fitotóxico do extrato etanólico bruto e das frações semipurificadas de Dicranopteris flexuosa por meio de bioensaios de germinação e crescimento de Lactuca sativa L. (alface, Lycopersicon esculentum L. (tomate, Allium cepa L. (cebola e Triticum aestivum L. (trigo em laboratório e casa de vegetação e quantificar o teor total de fenóis e flavonóides dos extratos e frações. Nos bioensaios realizados em laboratório foram utilizadas quatro concentrações (0, 250, 500, 1000 mg L-1, com quatro repetições de 50 sementes. A análise dos resultados indica redução da velocidade e/ou inibição da germinação, estímulo do crescimento da raiz das eudicotiledôneas e inibição da raiz adventícia das monocotiledôneas estudadas. Nos bioensaios realizados em casa de vegetação foram utilizadas as mesmas concentrações dos bioensaios em laboratório, com oito repetições de cinco sementes por vaso. A análise dos resultados indica que o comprimento da raiz foi afetado pelo extrato etanólico bruto, ocorrendo estímulo em tomate e inibição em cebola e trigo. A produção de massa seca da parte aérea foi estimulada na menor concentração em alface e trigo. A fração acetato de etila foi a que apresentou os maiores teores de fenóis e flavonóides totais. Embora os resultados sejam preliminares, observa-se que o extrato etanólico e as frações semipurificadas de D. flexuosa também contêm substâncias que interferem no crescimento das plântulas de alface, tomate, cebola e trigo.This work aimed to determine the phytotoxic potential of crude ethanol extract and semipurified fractions of Dicranopteris flexuosa on the germination and growth of Lactuca sativa L. (lettuce, Lycopersicon esculentum L. (tomato, Allium cepa L. (onion and Triticum aestivum L. (wheat in laboratory and greenhouse bioassays and determine total phenolic and flavonoid content. For the tests carried out in

La ruta de señalización del acido salicílico juega un papel importante en la resistencia en tomate a Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) mediada por el gen Mi-1

OpenAIRE

Muñiz, Mariano; Rodriguez, C.I.; Kaloshian, I.; Nombela, Gloria

2009-01-01

Es bien conocido que la resistencia en tomate a Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius), a Macrosiphum euphorbiae (Thomas) y a tres especies de nematodos formadores de nódulos (Meloidogyne spp.) está mediada por el gen Mi-1. Asimismo, está documentado que el ácido salicílico interviene en los mecanismos de resistencia frente a nematodos formadores de nódulos y áfidos. Recientemente se ha descrito que, en Arabidopsis, el biotipo B de B. tabaci induce defensas activadas por este ácido e inhibe las del ácido...

Effect of Organic and Biological Fertilizers on Growth and Yield of Tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. and Bacterial Colonization

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H. Makarian

2016-02-01

Full Text Available Introduction: In recent decades, excessive use of chemical fertilizers causes environmental problems such as water resource pollution and decrease in soil fertility. Organic matters are excellent sources of plant-available nutrients and their addition to soil could maintain high microbial populations and activities. In crop studies, Prabha et al. (2007 reported that there was excellent plant growth as well as yield in garlic plants that received vermicompost as nutrient in the field (28. Recent studies confirmed that, a number of bacterial species mostly associated with the plant rhizosphere, are found to be beneficial for plant growth, yield and crop quality. Therefore, the objective of this study is to investigate the growth promoting effects of organic and bio-fertilizers on tomato growth and yield. Materials and Methods: A factorial experiment in randomized complete block design with three replications was conducted at the College of Agricultural, University of Shahrood in 2011. Geographically, the site is located in Bastam (36° 25’E, 54° 58’N, 1349 m a.s.l..The climate of this region is semi-arid. Treatments included three levels of organic fertilizers: vermicompost (1300 kgha-1, cow manure (3350 kgha-1, and control, biological fertilizer in four levels (Pseudomonas putyda, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Azotobacter chrococcum and control. The bacterial suspension for each species was applied at a rate of 3 liters per hectare. Metribuzin herbicide (wettable 80% powder was used at a rate of 1000 gr. ha-1. Petopride No. 2' variety of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. was used in the present experiment. At the time of harvesting, the plant characteristics namely lengths and diameter of stem, number and weight of fruit, weight of stem and leaf were also registered. Statistical analyses of data were performed with statistical software Mstatc. Significant differences between means refer to the probability level of 0.05 by LSD test. Results

Evaluación agronómica de tomate (licopersicon esculentum m en invernadero

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Fernando Borrego

2001-01-01

Full Text Available El objetivo del presente trabajo fue determinar la adaptación de genotipos de tomate, bajo condiciones de invernadero. Los genotipos fueron: híbridos: Contessa, Summer Flavor 5000, Summer Flavor 6000, Celebrity, Bonita, Shady Lady, Sunbolt, Sunny, Heat Wave y Olympic; y la variedad FloraDade como testigo. Se evaluaron variables fisiológicas y de rendimiento. Las variables fisiológicas se determinaron en tres evaluaciones en el ciclo del cultivo, en tres horas del día y dos posiciones de hoja en cada evaluación. Se encontraron correlaciones significativas (p≤0,05 entre rendimiento en t/ha, y rendimiento promedio/ planta/corte, frutos/planta/corte y rendimiento/planta, y entre fotosíntesis y uso eficiente del agua. En el análisis de componentes principales, se encontró que los primeros cinco componentes tuvieron un Eigenvalor mayor a uno, explicando los tres primeros un 72% de la varianza total. El primer componente, con un 36% de la variación total, se debió a las “características de rendimiento”, el segundo componente, con un 23% de la variación total, se debió a las “características de regulación interna de temperatura” y el componente cinco, con un 7,4 % de la variación, a la “producción eficiente de fotosintatos”. El análisis de regresión lineal múltiple fue significativo (p≤0,01. El rendimiento en t/ha, se explica por una ecuación lineal múltiple (r2= 0,98 de cuatro variables

Characterization of endophytic Bacillus strains from tomato plants (Lycopersicon esculentum) displaying antifungal activity against Botrytis cinerea Pers.

Science.gov (United States)

Kefi, Asma; Ben Slimene, Imen; Karkouch, Ines; Rihouey, Christophe; Azaeiz, Sana; Bejaoui, Marwa; Belaid, Rania; Cosette, Pascal; Jouenne, Thierry; Limam, Ferid

2015-12-01

Eighty endophytic bacteria were isolated from healthy tissues of roots, stems, leaves and fruits of tomato plants (Lycopersicon esculentum). Four strains, named BL1, BT5, BR8 and BF11 were selected for their antagonism against Botrytis cinerea, a phytopathogenic fungus responsible of gray mold in several important crops, with growth inhibitory activity ranging from 27 to 53%. Morphological, biochemical, and molecular parameters as 16S rDNA sequencing demonstrated that the selected bacterial strains were related to Bacillus species which are known to produce and secrete a lot of lipopeptides with strong inhibitory effect against pathogen mycelial growth. Electrospray mass spectrometry analysis showed that these strains produced heterogeneous mixture of antibiotics belonging to fengycin and surfactin for BL1 and BT5, to iturin and surfactin for BR8, to bacillomycin D, fengycin and surfactin for BF11. Furthermore, these bacteria exhibited biocontrol potential by reducing the disease severity when tested on detached leaflets. Based on their antifungal activity against Botrytis cinerea, these strains could be used for biological control of plant diseases.

Determinación de residuos de plaguicidas órgano fosforados en muestras de tomate

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Paola A. Castro

2004-11-01

Full Text Available Se estudió la presencia de residuos de diez plaguicidas organofosforados (POPs en tomates adquiridos en la central de abastos y en una cadena de supermercados de Bogotá, usando extracción líquido-líquido (LLE y determinación analítica mediante un equipo de Cromatografía de Gases de Alta Resolución (HRGC - Detector Fotométrico de Llama (FPD. Los plaguicidas analizados fueron: Clorfevinfos, Clorpirifos, Demeton O, Demeton S, Diclorofentión, Dimetoato, Famfur, Leptofos, Metilparation y Triclorfon. Se analizaron diez muestras obtenidas en la central mayoritaria de abastos y ocho muestras de una cadena de supermercados de las cuales el 55% presentó contaminación con Dimetoato, aunque ninguna sobrepasó el límite máximo de residuos (LMR de 1 mg/kg establecido por el Codex alimentario. También se encontraron residuos de Metilparatíon y Clorfevinfos, en ambos casos dentro de los límites permitidos. / The presence of ten organophosphorus pesticides was studied in tomatoes acquired from markets in Bogotá (Colombia, using Liquid-liquid Extraction (LLE and High Resolution Gas Chromatography (HRGC with flame photometric detector (FPD. The pesticides analyzed were: Chlorfevinphos, Chlorpyrifos, Demeton O, Demeton S, Dichlofenthion, Dimethoate, Famphur, Leptophos and Trichlorfon. Eighteen samples were analyzed in which fifty five percent were contaminated with Dimethoate. Dimethoate levels in the contaminated samples were below the maximun residue levels (MRL of 1 mg/kg established by the Codex alimentarius. Residues of Methyl parathion and Chlorfevinphos were also found, below the MRL.

RESISTÊNCIA DE TOMATEIRO (Lycopersicon esculentum AO PATÓGENO Alternaria solani RESISTANCE OF TOMATO (Lycopersicon esculentum TO Alternaria solani PATHOGEN

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Wilson Ferreira de Oliveira

2007-09-01

Full Text Available

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar níveis de resistência de variedades comerciais de tomateiro ao patógeno Alternaria solani. Os genótipos são pertencentes ao banco de germoplasma do CNPH-Embrapa, compreendendo híbridos F1, que foram avaliados em condições de campo. Os ensaios foram conduzidos nos campos experimentais da Escola de Agronomia e Engenharia de Alimentos da Universidade Federal de Goiás, em Goiânia-GO, a uma altitude de 730 m, latitude de 16° 41'S e longitude de 49° 17'W. As avaliações foram realizadas aos 36, 43, 50, 57, 64, 71, 78 e 85 dias após o transplantio, combinando-se escala diagramática e de notas. As variedades Ohio 4013 e CNPH 738 foram as mais resistentes entre os materiais tutorados. Entre os materiais rasteiros os mais resistentes foram o híbrido F1 Hawaii 7998 x Monense e Rotam 4. O genótipo Ohio 4013 e híbrido F1 Hawaii 7998 x Monense foram os que mais se destacaram para resistência a este patógeno, podendo ser indicados para futuros programas de melhoramento.

PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Tomateiro; resistência; Alternaria solani.

The main objective of this study was to test levels of resistance of commercial varieties, genotypes belonging to the germoplasm bank of CNPH-Embrapa and hibrids F1 of tomat to Alternaria solani, in field condition. The trials were conduced at the experimental fields of the Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia-GO, Brasil. It is located at an altitude of 730 m, latitude of 16° 41'S and longitude of 49° 17'W. The evaluations were accomplished at the 36, 43, 50, 57, 64, 71, 78 and 85 days after the seedlings planting, combining diagramatic scale and grades. Among indeterminate cultivars Ohio 4013 and CNPH 738 were the most resistants. Among determined ones the most

Uptake, localization, and speciation of cobalt in Triticum aestivum L. (wheat) and Lycopersicon esculentum M. (tomato).

Science.gov (United States)

Collins, Richard N; Bakkaus, Estelle; Carrière, Marie; Khodja, Hicham; Proux, Olivier; Morel, Jean-Louis; Gouget, Barbara

2010-04-15

The root-to-shoot transfer, localization, and chemical speciation of Co were investigated in a monocotyledon (Triticum aestivum L., wheat) and a dicotyledon (Lycopersicon esculentum M., tomato) plant species grown in nutrient solution at low (5 muM) and high (20 muM) Co(II) concentrations. Cobalt was measured in the roots and shoots by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. X-ray absorption spectroscopy measurements were used to identify the chemical structure of Co within the plants and Co distribution in the leaves was determined by micro-PIXE (particle induced X-ray emission). Although the root-to-shoot transport was higher for tomato plants exposed to excess Co, both plants appeared as excluders. The oxidation state of Co(II) was not transformed by either plant in the roots or shoots and Co appeared to be present as Co(II) in a complex with carboxylate containing organic acids. Cobalt was also essentially located in the vascular system of both plant species indicating that neither responded to Co toxicity via sequestration in epidermal or trichome tissues as has been observed for other metals in metal hyperaccumulating plants.

Qualidade pós-colheita de tomates 'Débora' com utilização de diferentes coberturas comestíveis e temperaturas de armazenamento Quality of 'Debora' tomato using different edible coatings and storage temperatures

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Marcela Chiumarelli

2006-09-01

Full Text Available Este estudo visou avaliar o efeito de diferentes coberturas comestíveis sobre a qualidade pós-colheita do tomate de mesa cv. Débora. Foram utilizadas as seguintes coberturas: cera de carnaúba Fruit Wax H2 (18%, emulsão de resinas Fruit Wax M-AC (18% e cera de carnaúba Megh Wax ECF-124 (18%; tomates sem cera serviram de controle. Foram utilizados 40 frutos por tratamento em delineamento inteiramente casualizado. Após a limpeza e aplicação das ceras, os frutos foram armazenados a 12,5°C e 25°C e 90% de umidade relativa. Análises para perda de massa fresca (%, coloração e qualidade foram realizadas durante quinze dias. No final do período de armazenagem, os frutos foram avaliados quanto à firmeza, pH, concentração de sólidos solúveis, vitamina C e acidez. Foi realizada também análise sensorial para frutos armazenados nas duas diferentes temperaturas. O tratamento com Megh Wax ECF-124 proporcionou menor perda de massa e frutos mais firmes em ambas as temperaturas. Tomates tratados com Fruit Wax M-AC e Megh Wax ECF-124 apresentaram maior porcentagem de frutos apropriados ao consumo. Não houve diferença significativa entre os tratamentos quanto à coloração e análises químicas, exceto para os frutos cobertos com Fruit Wax M-AC, que apresentaram menor teor de vitamina C em ambas as temperaturas e maior pH a 25°C. As ceras Fruit Wax M-AC e Megh Wax ECF-124 não interferiram no sabor e no odor dos frutos. A aplicação de cera contribui para uma diminuição na perda de massa e decréscimo no número de frutos descartados devido a danos físicos e podridões, sendo que Megh Wax ECF-124 é mais eficiente na manutenção da qualidade de tomates de mesa.This study aimed at evaluating the effect of edible coatings on tomato cv. Debora post-harvest quality. The following waxing emulsions were used: wax of carnauba Fruit Wax H2 (18%, emulsion of resins Fruit Wax M-AC (18% and wax of carnauba Megh Wax ECF-124 (18%; tomatoes without

Season-controlled changes in biochemical constituents and oxidase enzyme activities in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.).

Science.gov (United States)

Sen, Supatra; Mukherji, S

2009-07-01

Season-controlled changes in biochemical constituents viz. carotenoids (carotene and xanthophyll) and pectic substances along with IAA-oxidase and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) enzyme activities were estimated/assayed in leaves of Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. (tomato) in two developmental stages--pre-flowering (35 days after sowing) and post-flowering (75 days after sowing) in three different seasons--summer rainy and winter Carotenoid content along with pectic substances were highest in winter and declined significantly in summer followed by rainy i.e. winter > summer > rainy. Carotenoid content was significantly higher in the pre-flowering as compared to post-flowering in all three seasons while pectic substances increased in the post-flowering as compared to pre-flowering throughout the annual cycle. IAA oxidase and PPO enzyme activities were enhanced in rainy and decreased sharply in summer and winter i.e. rainy > summer > winter. Both the enzymes exhibited higher activity in the post-flowering stage as compared to pre-flowering in all three seasons. These results indicate winter to be the most favourable season for tomato plants while rainy season environmental conditions prove to be unfavourable (stressful) with diminished content of carotenoid and pectic substances and low activities of IAA oxidase and PPO, ultimately leading to poor growth and productivity.

Estabilidade de extrato de tomate em embalagens metálicas com baixo revestimento de estanho Stability of canned tomato concentrate in metal packaging with reduced tin layer

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Sílvia Tondella Dantas

2012-09-01

Full Text Available Este estudo teve por objetivo avaliar o desempenho de latas de três peças eletrossoldadas, com corpo produzido em folha de flandres com camada de estanho de 2,0 g.m-2 no lado interno, contendo 350 g de extrato de tomate; o material dessa lata é uma alternativa à folha comumente utilizada no Brasil para acondicionamento de extrato de tomate, com 2,8 g de Sn.m-2. As latas contendo o produto foram condicionadas a 35 °C pelo período de 24 meses. Durante a estocagem, foram realizadas avaliações periódicas, incluindo determinações de estanho, ferro e cromo no alimento, pressão interna, composição gasosa do espaço livre e avaliação da aparência da superfície interna da embalagem, com o objetivo de se verificar a interação embalagem-alimento. Após o período estudado, pôde-se concluir que essa embalagem é uma opção viável para 13 meses de estocagem do produto, à temperatura ambiente de até 35 °C.The performance of three piece welded cans produced in tinplate with an internal tin layer of 2.0 g.m-2, containing 350 g of tomato concentrate, as an alternative to the sheet normally used for tomato concentrate in Brazil, presenting 2.8 g Sn.m-2, was evaluated. The filled cans were conditioned at a temperature of 35 °C for 24 months. The tin, iron and chromium contents of the product, can internal pressure and headspace gas composition were determined periodically, as well as a visual evaluation of the appearance of the internal surface of the can, in order to monitor package/food interactions. After completing the storage period it was concluded that such cans were a viable option for 13 months of storage of the product at an ambient temperature of up to 35 °C.

Weed control in tomato (lycopersicon esculentum mill.) through mulching and herbicides

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bakht, T.; Khan, I.A.

2014-01-01

Experiments were conducted at the Agricultural Research Farm of the University of Agriculture, Peshawar during 2012 and 2013 to determine the impact of row spacing and weed management strategies on tomato (Lycopersicon esculantum Mill.). Variety 'Roma' was planted on a plot size of 4.8m x 3m using a randomized complete block (RCB) design in split plot arrangements, having four replications. The experiment comprised of row spacing in main plots and ten treatments in the subplots that included five mulches viz., white polyethylene, black polyethylene, wheat straw, newspaper and saw dust; three herbicide treatments i.e. fenoxaprop-p-ethyl, pendimethalin, s-metolachlor along with a hand weeding treatment and a weedy check. The data were recorded on weed density m-2 at 20 days after treatments, plant height, fruit yield (kg ha-1). All the studied parameters were significantly affected by the row spacing (factor A) and weed management treatments (factor B); however, the interaction effects were non-significant. An increase in weed density was observed with increase in row spacing, having weed density of 3.39, 4.19 and 4.53 weeds m-2 for 40, 60 and 80 row spacing, respectively. The overall weed density m-2 ranged between 3.24 to 4.30 m-2. A maximum plant height of 62.44cm was recorded in weedy check and minimum 53.31cm plant height was observed in hand weeding treatments. As regards the fruit yield, a highest yield of 2.51 t ha-1 was recorded at row spacing of 60 cm (factor A) and the application of poly ethylene black plastic resulted in significantly highest fruit yield (4.04 t ha-1) among factor B treatments. (author)

Viabilidade técnica e econômica da caixa Embrapa para comercialização de tomate para consumo in natura Technical and economic viability of the Embrapa crate for marketing of fresh tomatoes

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Nirlene J. Vilela

2002-06-01

Full Text Available Foram avaliadas as vantagens econômicas da nova embalagem desenvolvida pela Embrapa Hortaliças para comercialização de tomate para consumo in natura. A caixa tipo "K", embalagem mais usada no Brasil, tem grande número de características indesejáveis. Considerando os problemas da caixa tipo "K" e o alto índice de perdas pós-colheita na cadeia produtiva de hortaliças, a Embrapa Hortaliças iniciou um programa de pesquisa para o desenvolvimento de uma nova embalagem para tomate. O trabalho culminou com a definição da nova embalagem de plástico nomeada caixa Embrapa. Além de outras vantagens técnicas a nova embalagem, comparada com a caixa tipo "K", apresentou redução de perdas pós colheita (17%, considerando a conservação e integridade dos frutos. Para um horizonte de 5 anos, os indicadores econômicos para ambas embalagens, mostraram viabilidade econômica superior para a caixa Embrapa, sendo o valor presente líquido de, aproximadamente, R$ 60,7 mil e R$ 90,0 mil para a caixa tipo "K" e Caixa Embrapa, respectivamente. A taxa de benefício/custo foi de 4,80 e 7,80 para a caixa tipo "K" e caixa Embrapa, respectivamente. Considerando preços correntes e custos totais, a caixa Embrapa apresentou-se técnica e economicamente viável.The economic advantages of a new crate developed for commercialization of fresh tomatoes was evaluated. The Box type "K", name of the package for fresh vegetables crops mostly employed in Brazil, has many undesirables features. Considering the problems of box type "K" and the high index of post harvest losses in the production chain of vegetables, Embrapa Hortaliças started a research program focusing on the development of a new container for fresh tomatoes. This work ended with the adaptation of a new crate model made of plastic. This Embrapa crate showed comparative physical advantages of approximately 17% reduction in postharvest losses when compared to the box type K, considering conservation and

Influence of spray drying conditions on the physical properties of dried pulp tomato Influência das condições de secagem por atomização sobre as propriedades físicas da polpa de tomate desidratada

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Alexandre Santos Souza

2009-06-01

Full Text Available A complet factorial experimental design was applied to determinate the influence of the variable inlet air temperature, feed flow rate, and atomizer speed on the physical properties of the tomato pulp powder. Results showed that these variables had a significant positive effect on the moisture content, apparent density, and particle size and no significant effects on the porosity and true density. The best spray drying conditions to produce lower moisture content and higher apparent density tomato powder were inlet air temperature of 200 °C, feed flow rate of 276 g/min, and atomizer speed of 30000 rpm.Um planejamento fatorial completo foi aplicado para determinar a influência das variáveis: temperatura de entrada do ar, vazão de alimentação e velocidade do atomizador sobre as propriedades físicas da polpa de tomate em pó. Resultados mostraram que estas variáveis tiveram um efeito positivo significativo sobre o conteúdo de umidade, densidade aparente e tamanho da partícula e não significativo sobre a porosidade e densidade verdadeira. As melhores condições de secagem por atomização para produção de tomate em pó, menor conteúdo de umidade e maior densidade aparente foram: temperatura do ar de entrada: 200 °C; vazão da alimentação: 276 g/min; e velocidade do atomizador: 30000 rpm.

Métodos étodos de controle de lepidópteros na cultura do tomateiro (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. = Methods for caterpillars’ control in the culture of tomato

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Anatoli Lebedenco

2007-07-01

Full Text Available Foram avaliados 5 métodos de controle das lagartas que atacam a cultura do tomateiro: método convencional de aplicação de produtos fitossanitários; manejo integrado de pragas (MIP com produtos sintéticos; MIP com o emprego de extrato de Azadirachta indica (Nim à 5%; ensacamento das pencas de tomate e testemunha. Os métodos queutilizaram produtos fitossanitários (convencional e MIP foram eficientes no controle das lagartas do tomateiro e, em conseqüência, promoveram um aumento na produtividade da cultura em 156 e 165% respectivamente, em comparação à testemunha. O número de pulverizações foi reduzido em até 66,7%, quando se adotou o MIP comparado ao convencional. O tratamento MIP-Nim foi significativamente igual à testemunha, denotando não ser eficiente no controle das lagartas broqueadoras. O ensacamento das pencas de frutos de tomate consistiu em uma alternativa promissora na produção de frutos sem a presença de inseticidas.Five methods for the control of caterpillars, which attack the culture of tomato, were analyzed: the conventional method of application of phytosanitary products; the integrated pest management (IPM; the IPM with the use of Azadirachta indica extract at 5% (Neem; the sacking of the tomato fruit immediately after flowering, and the control plants (without any treatment against pest. The methods that used phytosanitary products (conventional and IPM efficiently controlled the caterpillars on the tomato plants and, as a consequence, promoted an increase in the productivity of the culture of 156 and 165% respectively, if compared with the control plants. The number of pulverizations had a reduction of 66.7% when the IPM was used compared to the conventional. The performance of the IPMNeem treatment was significantly the same as the control, denoting poor efficiency in controlling the borer caterpillars. The method of sacking the tomato fruit consisted of a promising alternative in the production without

The development of an analytical method for two mycotoxins, patulin and verruculogen, and survey of their presence in commercial tomato pulp Desenvolvimento de um método analítico para duas micotoxinas, patulina e verruculogeno, e levantamento da sua incidência em polpa comercial de tomate

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Luciane M. Kawashima

2002-09-01

Full Text Available The mycotoxin patulin causes gastroinstestinal distress, neurotoxic and immunotoxic effects in animals. It can be produced by several species of Penicillium, Aspergillus and Byssochlamys and it has been found in fruits, vegetables and cereals. Verruculogen is a toxin produced mainly by Penicillium and Aspergillus spp. and causes severe tremors in affected animals. Tomatoes are especially susceptible to fungi invasion and their products need to be investigated for possible mycotoxin contamination. A method for the determination of patulin and verruculogen in tomato products was developed involving an extraction with ethyl acetate, a cleanup by silica gel column and determination and confirmation by high performance liquid chromatography with diode array detector. The quantification limits of the method, defined as the minimum amount that allowed quantification and confirmation by the DAD detector, were 10 ng/g and 20 ng/g. The average recovery for patulin at five levels of addition (from 20 to 200 ng/g was 75% and at the single level of 100 ng/g was 90 % .The average recovery for verruculogen at five levels of addition (from 50 to 300 ng/g was 54% and at the single level of 100 ng/g was 52%. The processing of two tomato plants was followed during 1996, 1997, and 1998. Eighty-four samples of tomato pulp were analyzed for patulin and verruculogen. The toxins were not detected in any of the samples.A micotoxina patulina causa distúrbios gastrointestinais e efeitos neurotóxicos e imunotóxicos em animais. Pode ser produzida por várias espécies de Penicillium, Aspergillus e Byssochlamys e tem sido encontrada em frutas, verduras e cereais. Verruculogeno é uma toxina produzida principalmente por espécies de Penicillium e Aspergillus e causa fortes tremores em animais afetados. Tomates são especialmente susceptíveis a invasão fúngica e seus produtos precisam ser investigados com relação a possíveis contaminações por micotoxinas. Um m

EFFECT OF RINSING SOLUTIONS FOR REMOVING MANCOZEB RESIDUES IN TABLE TOMATOES EFEITO DE SOLUÇÕES DE ENXÁGUE NA REMOÇÃO DE RESÍDUOS DE MANCOZEB EM TOMATES DE MESA

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Míriam Fontes Araujo Silveira

2009-12-01

-small;">Dentre os agrotóxicos mais utilizados na cultura do tomate estão os fungicidas e, dentre estes, os mais aplicados na cultura são os ditiocarbamatos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a eficiência dos processos de enxágue de tomates de mesa, por imersão, com água potável e soluções de vinagre de álcool, bicarbonato de sódio e dicloroisocianurato de sódio dihidratado, utilizados na remoção do fungicida mancozeb. Foram realizadas análises de acidez, brix, atividade de água (a_w, pH e teor de manganês. Foi avaliado o teor do fungicida na película e no fruto inteiro, pela quantificação do teor de manganês presente nas amostras. Observou-se que o processo de enxágue do fruto reduz, significativamente, a quantidade de resíduos nos tomates. A redução de mancozeb foi maior na película, onde está presente em maior concentração, e os enxágues com água potável e solução com bicarbonato de sódio removeram mais de 61% dos resíduos presentes na película dos tomates.

PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Agrotóxico; ditiocarbamatos; Lycopersicum esculentum Mill.

Accumulation of New Polypeptides in Ri T-DNA-Transformed Roots of Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) during the Development of Vesicular-Arbuscular Mycorrhizae.

Science.gov (United States)

Simoneau, P; Louisy-Louis, N; Plenchette, C; Strullu, D G

1994-06-01

Root-inducing transferred-DNA (Ri T-DNA)-transformed roots of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) were in vitro inoculated with surface-sterilized vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal leek root pieces. About 1 week after inoculation, the infection of the transformed root culture by the fungal endophyte was confirmed by photonic microscopy. Total proteins were extracted from the mycorrhizal roots and analyzed by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Control gels were run with proteins extracted from noninoculated roots mixed with purified intraradical vesicles and extraradical hyphae. Comparison of the resulting patterns revealed the presence of two polypeptides with estimated apparent masses of 24 and 39 kDa that were detected only in infected roots. Polypeptides with similar migration parameters were not detected in roots challenged with spore extracts, suggesting that the accumulation of the polypeptides was directly linked to root colonization by the fungus rather than to induction by fungus-derived elicitors.

Identificação de genótipos do gênero Solanum (secção Lycopersicon com resistência a Stemphylium solani e S. lycopersici Identification of Solanum (section Lycopersicon accessions with resistance to Stemphylium solani and S. lycopersici

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Bruno Eduardo C de Miranda

2010-06-01

Full Text Available A mancha-de-estenfílio do tomateiro, causada pelos fungos Stemphylium solani e S. lycopersici, foi considerada, por muito tempo, como uma doença secundária devido à utilização combinada de fungicidas e variedades resistentes. Recentemente, severas epidemias da mancha-de-estenfilio têm sido relatadas nas várias regiões produtoras sugerindo a necessidade de retomar o emprego de cultivares com resistência a esta enfermidade. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar a reação de genótipos cultivados e silvestres de tomateiro [Solanum (secção Lycopersicon] frente a isolados destas duas espécies de Stemphylium. Na primeira etapa do trabalho, 109 genótipos de Solanum (secção Lycopersicon foram avaliados via inoculação com uma suspensão de 10(4 conídios/mL dos isolados 'EH-1740' (S. solani e 'EH-1749' (S. lycopersici. As plantas foram transplantadas aos 18 dias da semeadura e inoculadas sete dias depois. A avaliação da resposta dos genótipos foi feita 15 dias após a inoculação. Cinqüenta e oito genótipos considerados promissores foram novamente avaliados (com os mesmos isolados em um segundo experimento. Neste experimento a reação dos genótipos foi avaliada cada dois dias utilizando como critérios o período de incubação e a severidade da doença através de uma escala de notas de 0 a 5. Com os valores de severidade, nas diferentes leituras, foi calculada a área abaixo da curva de progresso da doença e o índice de doença. Foram identificadas 35 fontes de resistência às duas espécies de Stemphylium em genótipos das espécies S. lycopersicum, S. habrochaites, S. peruvianum e S. pimpinellifolium. Os genótipos de S. lycopersicum e S. pimpinellifolium resistentes possuem, provavelmente, o gene de resistência Sm. No entanto, os genótipos de S. peruvianum e S. habrochaites podem representar fontes de novos genes/alelos que conferem resistência às duas espécies fúngicas. Esta potencial diversidade de fatores

Antioxidant-enzyme reaction to the oxidative stress due to alpha-cypermethrin, chlorpyriphos, and pirimicarb in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.).

Science.gov (United States)

Chahid, Karim; Laglaoui, Amin; Zantar, Said; Ennabili, Abdeslam

2015-11-01

Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) becomes one of the world's foremost vegetables, and its world production and consumption have increased fairly quickly. The capacity to induce oxidative stress in tomato plant, exposed to three xenobiotics such as alpha-cypermethrin, chlorpyriphos, and pirimicarb, was investigated by the evaluation of lipid peroxidation by measuring malondialdehyde (MDA) rate; also, we studied the response of tomato to this stress by assessing the response of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), glutathione-s-transferase (GST), and glutathione reductase (GR). The effect of the insecticides was observed using four concentrations (25, 50, 75, and 100%) for germinating seeds and only the recommended concentration in agriculture (100%) for growing plants. Our results show an important accumulation of MDA, demonstrating the increase of lipid peroxidation in consequence of the excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) production due to insecticide treatment. In response to this oxidative stress in tomato seedlings and plants, the activities of antioxidant-enzyme system were generally enhanced. The electrophoretic analysis showed also the apparition of new isoenzymes as the case for CAT and POD.

Evaluación y selección de un protocolo para la regeneración in vitro de la variedad de tomate Unapal-Arreboles Evaluation and selection of a protocol for in vitro regeneration of tomato variety Unapal-Arreboles

OpenAIRE

Hernando Ramírez; Zaida Lentini; Franco Alirio Vallejo Cabrera

2009-01-01

Se compararon tres medios de cultivo para seleccionar el apropiado para la regeneración in vitro de la variedad de tomate UNAPAL-Arreboles. Se evaluó la producción de callos/explante, brotes/explante y plántulas /explante. El análisis de varianza y la prueba de Duncan permitieron concluir que el medio M3 presentó los mejores promedios para las variables evaluadas.The main objective of this research was to carried out the comparison of three culture medium of major use for in vitro regeneratio...

Factors affecting the production of seeds in fully fertile tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum L. Mill. and those showing a tendency to parthenocarpy

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Barbara Gabara

2014-01-01

Full Text Available Comparative studies on the development of the female gametophyte, pollination and fertilization in two lines of Lycopersicon esculentum, Kholodostoykye (Kh, fertile and A33 (with a tendency to parthenocarpy have revealed that seed production is affected by disturbances in embryo sac formation but mainly by its degeneration after anthesis, which is especially visible in line A33. Moreover, delayed development of some embryo sacs and incomplete pollination due to various stigma levels seem to be responsible for the diminution of seed number in line A33. Deep fluorescence of numerous pollen grains as well as whole pollen tubes in 83.3 per cent of A33 stigmas and only 24.1 per cent in the Kh line points to the heterogeneity of pollen. This could be one more reason for reduced fertility. The results of application of plant growth regulators (auxin, PCIB which affect seed production in tomato of line A33 remain inconclusive.

Producción in vitro de pectinasas por Colletotrichum acutatum

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Carlos Patiño Torres

2010-01-01

Full Text Available Los hongos del género Colletotrichum son reconocidos productores de sustancias fifitotóxicas de bajo peso molecular y de enzimas que juegan papeles clave en su interacción patogénica con varios cultivos. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo determinar la naturaleza de las sustancias fitotóxicas producidas por C. acutatum en los medios de cultivo líquido Czapeck-Dox, Fries y MS, que estuviesen implicados en su interacción patogénica con el tomate de árbol (Solanum betaceae. Los procedimientos y resultados de la evaluación permitieron descartar que la actividad fitotóxica observada sobre los frutos de tomate inoculados con los extractos de los medios de cultivo se debiera a metabolitos de bajo peso molecular. Por el contrario, utilizando la prueba de placa de pozos (Dingle et al., 1953 se estableció que C. acutatum produce en los medios de cultivo evaluados enzimas con actividad pectinasa, tanto liasas como hidrolasas, las cuales podrían estar implicadas en la enfermedad de la antracnosis del tomate de árbol. Los resultados demostraron además que la producción de las enzimas se ve influenciada por el pH del medio de cultivo.

Producción in vitro de pectinasas por Colletotrichum acutatum

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Patiño Torres Carlos

2010-03-01

Full Text Available Los hongos del género Colletotrichum son reconocidos productores de sustancias fifitotóxicas de bajo peso molecular y de enzimas que juegan papeles clave en su interacción patogénica con varios cultivos. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo determinar la naturaleza de las sustancias fitotóxicas producidas por C. acutatum en los medios de cultivo líquido Czapeck-Dox, Fries y MS, que estuviesen implicados en su interacción patogénica con el tomate de árbol (Solanum betaceae. Los procedimientos y resultados de la evaluación permitieron descartar que la actividad fitotóxica observada sobre los frutos de tomate inoculados con los extractos de los medios de cultivo se debiera a metabolitos de bajo peso molecular. Por el contrario, utilizando la prueba de placa de pozos (Dingle et al., 1953 se estableció que C. acutatum produce en los medios de cultivo evaluados enzimas con actividad pectinasa, tanto liasas como hidrolasas, las cuales podrían estar implicadas en la enfermedad de la antracnosis del tomate de árbol. Los resultados demostraron además que la producción de las enzimas se ve influenciada por el pH del medio de cultivo.

Etude de trois souches d'Arthrobotrys oligospora : Caractérisation biologique et effets sur Meloidogyne mayaguensis parasite de la tomate au Sénégal

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Gueyei, M.

1997-01-01

Full Text Available Etude de trois souches d'Arthrobotrys oligospora : Caractérisation biologique et effets sur Meloidogyne mayaguensis parasite de la tomate au Sénégal. Three strains (ORS 18690 S2, ORS 18691 S6 and ORS 18693 S5 of the nematophagous fungus Arthrobotrys oligospora have been isolated in Senegal for the first time. In vitro, two strains (ORS 18690 S2 and ORS 18693 S5 of them trapped 100 % and the other (ORS 18691 S5 80 %> of 7-day-old juvenile Meloidogyne mayaguensis within 48h. Optimal growth occured at 25-30°C and at a pH 5.6, but salinity inhibited development. In order to test the ability of fungi to control M. mayaguensis in pots on tomato, the fungus was incorporated into compost blocks or in vermiculite before sowing or subsequent transplanting. In pot experiments both strains reduced nematode populations ans stimulated seedling growth. However, these effects were higher in compost blocks than in vermiculite.

Correlations between yield and fruit quality characteristics of fresh market tomatoes Correlações entre caracteres de produção e qualidade de frutos de tomate de mesa

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Lívia M de Souza

2012-12-01

Full Text Available Genotypic, phenotypic and environmental correlations were estimated for all possible pairs among eleven characters of tomatoes. Fifteen treatments including five parents and ten hybrids of Instituto Agronômico (IAC tomato breeding program were evaluated using a randomized complete block experimental design, with tree replications in Itatiba, São Paulo state, Brazil, during 2005/2006. The following traits were evaluated: fruit yield per plant (FP, fruit number per plant (FN, average fruit weight (FW, cluster number per plant (CN, fruit number per cluster (FC, number of locules per fruit (NL, fruit length (FL, fruit width (WI, fruit wall thickness (FT, total soluble solids (SS, and total titratable acidity (TA. The genotypic (rG, phenotypic (rF and environmental correlations (rA for two pairs of plant traits were estimated using the Genes© program. High similarity was found among the estimates of genotypic and phenotypic correlations. Positive and high phenotypic and genotypic correlations were observed between FP and the traits FN, FW and FT, and these associations contributed for yield increasing. FW and FT contributed to yield increase and should be considered together as primary yield components in tomato. Positive values of the genotypic and phenotypic correlations revealed that FP influenced FN with high direct effect and significant positive correlation. These traits may be included as the main selection criteria for tomato yield improvement.Correlações fenotípica, genotípica e ambiental foram estimadas entre todos os possíveis pares de onze caracteres de tomate de mesa. Quinze tratamentos, incluindo cinco parentais e dez híbridos do programa de melhoramento de tomate do Instituto Agronômico (IAC foram testados no delineamento em blocos casualizados completos, em Itatiba-SP, em 2005/2006. Os seguintes caracteres foram avaliados: produção (FP, número (FN e peso médio do fruto (FW, número de pencas por planta (CN, número de

Characterization and quantification of phenolic compounds in four tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) farmers' varieties in northeastern Portugal homegardens.

Science.gov (United States)

Barros, Lillian; Dueñas, Montserrat; Pinela, José; Carvalho, Ana Maria; Buelga, Celestino Santos; Ferreira, Isabel C F R

2012-09-01

Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) is one of the most widely consumed fresh and processed vegetables in the world, and contains bioactive key components. Phenolic compounds are one of those components and, according to the present study, farmers' varieties of tomato cultivated in homegardens from the northeastern Portuguese region are a source of phenolic compounds, mainly phenolic acid derivatives. Using HPLC-DAD-ESI/MS, it was concluded that a cis p-coumaric acid derivative was the most abundant compound in yellow (Amarelo) and round (Batateiro) tomato varieties, while 4-O-caffeolyquinic acid was the most abundant in long (Comprido) and heart (Coração) varieties. The most abundant flavonoid was quercetin pentosylrutinoside in the four tomato varieties. Yellow tomato presented the highest levels of phenolic compounds (54.23 μg/g fw), including phenolic acids (43.30 μg/g fw) and flavonoids (10.93 μg/g fw). The phenolic compounds profile obtained for the studied varieties is different from other tomato varieties available in different countries, which is certainly related to genetic features, cultivation conditions, and handling and storage methods associated to each sample.

2525-IJBCS-Article-Paul Ayihadji Fernand H

African Journals Online (AJOL)

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La tomate est un produit maraîcher très important dans l'alimentation humaine en Afrique et dans le monde. ... montrent que pour transformer 15 kg de tomate, la durée de cuisson et la consommation en énergie pour la ..... sauce tomate.

Efecto de un bioproducto a base de Pseudomona aeruginosa en el cultivo del tomate (Solanum licopersicum Mill

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Elein Terry Alfonso

2010-01-01

Full Text Available El uso de bioproductos se incrementa gradualmente en la agricultura de países que propugnan un cambio hacia un modelo en armonía con el medioambiente. El presente trabajo tuvo como objetivo evaluar la respuesta del cultivo del tomate a la aplicación del bioproducto Gluticid®, obtenido a partir de metabolitos activos de Pseudomona aeruginosa. Los experimentos se desarrollaron en áreas experimentales del Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Agrícolas (INCA de Cuba, y se estudiaron cinco tratamientos, cuatro con la aplicación de Gluticid® y un tratamiento testigo (sin aplicación del producto. Los tratamientos con Gluticid® (5 g.L-1, se realizaron imbibiendo las semillas con el producto (15 y 30 min y a su vez se realizó una segunda aplicación foliar del bioproducto. En el cultivo se evaluaron algunas variables de crecimiento y desarrollo, y se determinó el rendimiento agrícola. Los resultados mostraron la efectividad del bioproducto, destacándose el tratamiento que recibió la aplicación de Gluticid® una sola vez con 30 min de imbibición, confirmándose la efectividad de este bioproducto en la obtención de plantas más vigorosas, así como un estímulo en el crecimiento y desarrollo de las plantas con la consiguiente obtención de rendimientos aceptables.

Importancia de la cachaza como sustrato en la producción de plántulas de hortalizas

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Rengifo Juán C.

1996-12-01

Full Text Available

The present work intented to find the optime relation in mixture of filter press cake of sugar cane-botton fly ash. These mixtures provide a better conditions for the production of seedling of tomato and pepper. With the actual situation and conditions of the horticultural sector, there is the need to look for a new a cheap sustrate that fulfill the needs as good physicochemical conditions and with not bad effects on the environment. From the 26 treatments evaluated the T 10: filter press cake 75% y botton fly ash 25% it the one which showed the best conditions given the best results from all. The mixture with soil only showed positive result when the filter press cake was mix with ashes and soil where the filter press cake was over the 50% of the mixture. It is recomended the use of the relations cachaza 75%, botton fly ash 25%, as an alternative for the production of seedling of tomatoes and pepper.

Entre 1991-II y 1992-I se investigó el comportamiento de la cachaza mezclada con ceniza de carbón coke y tres tipos de suelos como sustratos para la producción de plántulas de tomate, Lycopersicon esculentum Mili, y Pimentón, Capsicum annuum L., como alternativa a los sistemas de trasplante de raíz desnuda actualmente utilizados. De los 26 tratamientos evaluados el T10 (cachaza 75%-Ceniza 25% presentó las mejores condiciones, dada su respuesta significativamente alta en todos los parámetros evaluados para calidad de las plántulas de las dos especies. Las mejores respuestas con suelo, se registraron cuando se mezclaron dos componentes (cachaza ceniza y cuando el nivel de cachaza estuvo por encima del 50% Se recomienda la utilización 75% de cachaza y 25% ceniza como alternativa para producción de plántulas de tomate y pimentón, en regiones de alta disponibilidad de estos materiales.

[Bioaccumulation of cadmium and zinc in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.)].

Science.gov (United States)

Sbartai, Hana; Djebar, Med Reda; Sbartai, Ibtissem; Berrabbah, Houria

2012-09-01

This work aims at evaluating the accumulation of cadmium (Cd) and zinc (Zn) (trace elements) in the organs of young tomato plants (Lycopersicon esculentum L. var. Rio Grande) and their effects on the rate of chlorophyll and enzyme activities involved in the antioxidant system: catalase (CAT), glutathion-S-transferase (GST) and peroxysase ascorbate (APX). Plants previously grown on a basic nutrient solution were undergoing treatment for 7 days, either by increasing concentrations of CdCl(2) or ZnSO(4) (0, 50, 100, 250, 500 μM) or by the combined concentrations of Cd and Zn (100/50, 100/100, 100/250, 100/500 μM). The results concerning the determination of metals in the various compartments of tomato plants as a function of increasing concentrations of Cd or Zn, suggest a greater accumulation of Cd and Zn in the roots compared to leaves. The combined treatment (Cd/Zn) interferes with the absorption of the two elements according to their concentrations in the culture medium. The presence of Zn at low concentrations (50 μM of Zn/100 μM Cd) has little influence on the accumulation of Cd in the roots and leaves, while the absorption of these two elements in the leaves increases and decreases in roots when their concentrations are equivalent (100/100 μM) compared to treatment alone. When the concentration of Zn is higher than that of Cd (500 μM of Zn/100 μM Cd) absorption of the latter is inhibited in the roots while increasing their translocation to the leaves. Meanwhile, the dosage of chlorophylls shows that they tend to decrease in a dose-dependent for both treatments (Cd or Cd/Zn), however, treatment with low concentrations of Zn (50 and 100 μM) stimulates chlorophyll synthesis. However, treatment with different concentrations of Cd seems to induce the activity of the enzymes studied (CAT, APX, GST). It is the same for treatment with different concentrations of Zn and this particularly for the highest concentrations. Finally, the combined treatment (Zn

Study of radiation in fresh tomatoes (lycopersicon esculentum Mill) and in the levels of sauce lycopene

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Fabbri, Adriana Diaz Toni

2009-01-01

The purpose of the present study was to determine the effects of ionizing radiation in tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill) and at the same time to evaluate the influence of irradiation on the content of lycopene in a sauce made with these fruits irradiated. For this reason tomatoes were subjected to five treatments: control, T1 (0.25 kGy), T2 (0.5 kGy), T3 (1.0 kGy) and T4 (2.0 kGy) and evaluated at 3, 6, 9, 12, 15 and 20 days after irradiation, for the following analysis: maturity, texture, color, soluble solids, pH, acidity and total mass. Measurements were made of lycopene in fresh tomatoes and sauce by open column chromatography according to the ripening of them. The results showed that only the mass was not significantly different (p> 0.05). Treatments 1 and 2 proved to be effective in delaying the maturation and in the maintenance of firm texture (p 0.05) when compared to control. However, it didn't indicate lycopene degradation, as the doses of 1.0 and 2.0 kGy. Thus we can conclude that low doses are effective for maintaining pH, firmness, delayed senescence, mass and, in addition to not degrading the major bioactive compound of tomato, lycopene, suggest a higher bioavailability of this one, depending on the radiation application. (author)

Physicochemical characteristics and fatty acid composition of tomato seed oils from processing wastes Características físico-químicas e composição em ácidos graxos de óleos de sementes de tomate de resíduos industriais

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P.R. Cantarelli

1993-05-01

Full Text Available The major component of tomato processing industry wastes is seed. Samples of tomato (Petomech var. pomace from industries of São Paulo state submitted to Hot and Cold Break treatments, were spontaneously fermented and washed to separate seeds. The oils were analysed for specific gravity, iodine and saponifícation numbers, refractive index, viscosity and fatty acid composition. Except for saponifícation number, Hot and Cold Break seed oils were very similar. In both treatments palmitic acid was the major saturated fatty acid, followed by stearic acid. Linoleic acid was the major unsaturated fatty acid followed by oleic acid. Both oleic and linoleic acids added up to over 60% of total fatty acids, being higher in Cold Break seed oils. Both treatments produced high nutritional oil quality. Differences in colour and viscosity may incur in more intense refining operations for Brazilian tomato processing industries due to the adoption of the Hot Break treatment.O principal componente de resíduos da industrialização de tomates é a semente. Amostras de resíduos após extração comercial de tomates maduros (var. Petomech submetidas a tratamentos de Hot e Cold Break em indústrias do Estado de São Paulo foram deixadas fermentar espontaneamente e as sementes separadas após lavagem. Os óleos foram analisados quanto ao peso específico, índices de iodo e saponifícação, índice de refração, viscosidade e composição em ácidos graxos. À exceção do índice de saponificação, os óleos dos tratamentos Hot e Cold Break apresentaram-se semelhantes. Em ambos os tratamentos o principal ácido graxo saturado foi o ácido palmítico, seguido pelo ácido esteárico. O ácido linoléico foi o principal ácido graxo insaturado, seguido pelo ácido oléico e juntos somaram a mais de 60% do total de ácidos graxos, o que torna o óleo de tomate recomendável à alimentação humana. As diferenças em cor e viscosidade dos óleos podem implicar num

Acetylcholine suppresses shoot formation and callusing in leaf explants of in vitro raised seedlings of tomato, Lycopersicon esculentum Miller var. Pusa Ruby.

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Bamel, Kiran; Gupta, Rajendra; Gupta, Shirish C

2016-06-02

We present experimental evidence to show that acetylcholine (ACh) causes decrease in shoot formation in leaf explants of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Miller var Pusa Ruby) when cultured on shoot regeneration medium. The optimum response was obtained at 10(-4) M ACh-enriched medium. ACh also causes decrease in percentage of cultures forming callus and reduces the callus mass. Inhibitors of enzymatic hydrolysis of ACh, neostigmine and physostigmine, also suppresses callogenesis and caulogenesis. On the other hand, the breakdown products of Ach, choline and acetate, do not alter the morphogenic response induced on the shoot regeneration medium. Neostigmine showed optimal reduction in shoot formation at 10(-5) M. The explants cultured on neostigmine augmented medium showed decline in the activity of ACh hydrolyzing enzyme acetylcholinesterase. ACh and neostigmine added together showed marked reduction in callus mass. These results strongly support the role of ACh as a natural regulator of morphogenesis in tomato plants.

Acetylcholine suppresses shoot formation and callusing in leaf explants of in vitro raised seedlings of tomato, Lycopersicon esculentum Miller var. Pusa Ruby

Science.gov (United States)

Bamel, Kiran; Gupta, Rajendra; Gupta, Shirish C.

2016-01-01

ABSTRACT We present experimental evidence to show that acetylcholine (ACh) causes decrease in shoot formation in leaf explants of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Miller var Pusa Ruby) when cultured on shoot regeneration medium. The optimum response was obtained at 10−4 M ACh-enriched medium. ACh also causes decrease in percentage of cultures forming callus and reduces the callus mass. Inhibitors of enzymatic hydrolysis of ACh, neostigmine and physostigmine, also suppresses callogenesis and caulogenesis. On the other hand, the breakdown products of Ach, choline and acetate, do not alter the morphogenic response induced on the shoot regeneration medium. Neostigmine showed optimal reduction in shoot formation at 10−5 M. The explants cultured on neostigmine augmented medium showed decline in the activity of ACh hydrolyzing enzyme acetylcholinesterase. ACh and neostigmine added together showed marked reduction in callus mass. These results strongly support the role of ACh as a natural regulator of morphogenesis in tomato plants. PMID:27348536

Increase in the rate of recombinants in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) after in vitro regeneration.

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Sibi, M; Biglary, M; Demarly, Y

1984-07-01

Modification to the cross-over (C. O.) rate of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) was attempted by using in vitro plant regeneration. F1 hybrids with the same genetical homozygous background were compared at two loci: "bs-ms32" on chromosome I, and "aa-d" on chromosome II. For each, the genetic distance separating the two markers was about 20 to 30 map units. One cotyledon of each F2 hybrid seedling was used as in vitro tissue culture material, while the rest of the plantlet was grown as a control. Recombination rates of the selfed progenies from each regenerated and matched control couple were compared. For the first set of markers 59,000 seeds were analysed (5 controls' and 7 regenerated progenies), and for the second, 11,000 (5 controls' and 8 regenerated progenies). There were significant increases in the genetic distance between markers in about half the regenerated individuals. For the first set the increases ranged from 6.07 to 6.91 units out of a control distance of the 19.84 to 25.65, corresponding to lengthenings of 30.59 to 35.29%. For the second set they ranged from 4.92 to 6.04 out of a control distance of 25.05 to 26.57, representing increases of 19.64 to 22.75%. Such a phenomenon can be important either from a fundamental or practical viewpoint, regarding selection efficiency in plants, and potential for gene reassortment.

Diversidade genética de Begomovirus que infectam plantas invasoras na região nordeste Genetic diversity of Begomovirus infecting weeds in northeastern Brazil

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I.P. Asssunção

2006-06-01

Full Text Available Os Begomovirus fazem parte de uma família numerosa de fitovírus denominada Geminiviridae. Eles infectam ampla gama de hospedeiras, incluindo muitas espécies cultivadas, como tomate (Lycopersicon esculentum, feijão (Phaseolus vulgaris, pimentão (Capsicum annuum, caupi (Vigna unguiculata, mandioca (Manihot esculenta etc., além de plantas invasoras de várias espécies. Em alguns casos, plantas invasoras podem funcionar como reservatórios desses vírus para plantas cultivadas, mediante transmissão pelo inseto-vetor. No presente trabalho, plantas invasoras com sintomas de mosaico amarelo, deformação do limbo foliar e redução do crescimento foram avaliadas no tocante à presença de Begomovirus mediante a técnica de PCR, empregando-se oligonucleotídeos universais para detecção desses vírus. Foram avaliadas 11 amostras, correspondendo a 10 espécies, coletadas em municípios dos Estados de Alagoas, Pernambuco e Bahia. Algumas, como Herissantia crispa, Waltheria indica e Triumfetta semitriloba, são relatadas pela primeira vez como espécies hospedeiras de Begomovirus. Para estimar a variabilidade genética dos Begomovirus detectados, o produto de amplificação dos diversos isolados foi clivado com as enzimas de restrição EcoRI, HinfI e TaqI. Confirmando resultados obtidos para plantas cultivadas por outros grupos de pesquisa, foram observados padrões distintos de clivagem para os isolados estudados, evidenciando a grande variabilidade genética desses vírus.Genus Begomovirus belong to the family Geminiviridae. Begomovirus is associated with a wide range of hosts, including many cultivated species such as tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum, dry beans (Phaseolus vulgaris, pepper (Capsicum annuum, cowpea (Vigna unguiculata, cassava (Manihot esculenta, etc., besides many weed species. It has been demonstrated that in some cases weeds act as virus reservoirs for cultivated plants. In the present work, weed samples presenting yellow

Seleção de isolados de estreptomicetos para controle de Ralstonia solanacearum em tomateiro Selection of streptomycetes isolates for the control of Ralstonia solanacearum in tomato plants

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Carlos Alberto Tuão Gava

2002-10-01

Full Text Available Em condições tropicais, a murcha-bacteriana, causada por Ralstonia solanacearum, tem provocado danos severos à cultura do tomate (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill., principalmente em condições de temperaturas acima de 25°C, com umidade relativa elevada. Neste contexto, o controle biológico pode representar uma alternativa viável. Este trabalho teve como objetivo selecionar isolados de estreptomicetos para o controle de R. solanacearum em tomateiro. Entre os isolados avaliados verificaram-se diferenças na inibição do patógeno in vitro, tanto em relação à faixa de pH avaliada, quanto ao tempo de observação. Constataram-se, também, variações no estabelecimento dos isolados de estreptomicetos na rizosfera das plântulas e nas mudas preparadas para transplante, e os isolados SP164, SF232, SAc326 e SG384 apresentaram as densidades populacionais mais elevadas. O experimento conduzido em canteiros com solo infestado com R. solanacearum mostrou que as plantas tratadas com o isolado SG384 apresentaram melhor nível de controle, 48 dias após a semeadura, período no qual todas as testemunhas haviam morrido.The bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum causes high damages in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. culture, mainly under temperature above 25ºC and high relative humidity. Because conventional methods of control have shown low efficiency, biological control is a promising alternative. This work aimed to select isolates of streptomycetes for R. solanacearum control in tomato. Differences were found among the isolates in the in vitro inhibition of the pathogen either in time or pH range. The streptomycetes isolates grew differently in the rhizosphere of seedlings and plantlets of tomato. The isolates SP164, SF232, SAc326 and SG384 showed the highest population densities. In the experiment conducted in soil infested with R. solanacearum, plants treated with the isolate SG384 presented best control level 48 days after sowing

Olive mill wastewater triggered changes in physiology and nutritional quality of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum mill) depending on growth substrate.

Science.gov (United States)

Ouzounidou, G; Asfi, M; Sotirakis, N; Papadopoulou, P; Gaitis, F

2008-10-30

We have studied the changes in the physiology and nutritional quality of Lycopersicon esculentum exposed to olive mill wastewater (OMW) with regard to cultivation in sand and soil. Tomato plant performance decreased with increasing concentration of OMW to both substrates. Root was more sensitive to OMW than the upper parts of the plants, grown either in sand or in soil for 10 days and 3 months, respectively, probably due to the direct OMW toxicity on roots as compared to other parts. Significant restriction on uptake and translocation of nutrients (K, Na, Fe, Ca and Mg) under OMW application was found. The decrease in the photochemical efficiency of PSII photochemistry in the light adapted state and the big decrease in photochemical quenching, indicate that OMW resulted in diminished reoxidation of Q(A)(-) and started to inactivate the reaction centers of PSII. The OMW supply on soil and sand, resulted in leaf water stress and lesser water use efficiency. Plants treated with high OMW concentration, produced fewer but bigger tomatoes as compared to plants treated with lower OMW concentration. Generally, fruit yield and nutritional value was inhibited under OMW application.

Relaciones nitrógeno-potasio en fertirriego para el cultivo protegido del tomate en suelo Ferralítico Rojo Nitrogen-potassium ratios in fertirrigation for protected cultivation of tomato in Red Ferralitic soil

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María Isabel Hernández Díaz

2009-05-01

Full Text Available El objetivo del presente trabajo fue evaluar el efecto de soluciones nutritivas en el fertirriego, con diferentes relaciones entre el nitrógeno y el potasio, en la productividad y calidad de los frutos del tomate (híbrido Hazera 3019, en suelo Ferralítico Rojo. La experiencia se desarrolló en el Instituto de Investigaciones Hortícolas Liliana Dimitrova (La Habana, Cuba. Se estudiaron cuatro soluciones nutritivas, que se diferenciaron en su relación NO3-+NH4+/K+ en términos de meq L-1 (N/K, con una relación K+/Ca2++Mg2+ en todas las variantes de 0,75. Los tratamientos resultantes (T1, 1:0,45; T2, 1:0,60 o testigo de producción, T3, 1:0,75 y T4, 1:0,90 fueron distribuidos en un diseño completamente aleatorizado con cuatro réplicas. La variación de la relación N/K en la solución nutritiva influyó en el rendimiento, la calidad externa y la vida en anaquel de los frutos de tomate, sin afectar la calidad bromatológica. La mejor combinación entre estructura del rendimiento y calidad de los frutos se obtiene con la relación N/K 1:0,75, al presentar rendimientos superiores en las categorías de calidad comercial extra, primera y extra más primera, así como frutos con mayor firmeza y grosor del endocarpio, menor porcentaje de frutos fuera de norma y valores inferiores de pérdidas postcosecha.The objective of the present work was to evaluate the effect of nutrient solutions in fertirrigation, with different nitrogen-potassium ratios, on yield and quality of tomato fruits (hybrid Hazera 3019 in Red Ferralitic soil (Oxisol. The trial was performed at Instituto de Investigaciones Hortícolas Liliana Dimitrova (La Habana, Cuba. Four nutrient solutions were studied, which were different in their NO3-+NH4+/K+ ratios in terms of meq L-1 (N/K, keeping a K+/Ca2++Mg2+ ratio of 0,75 in every variant. The resulting treatments (T1, 1:0.45; T2, 1:0.60 or production test control, T3, 1:0.75 and T4, 1:0.90 were distributed in a completely randomized

Evaluación de poblaciones segregantes producidas a partir de cruzamientos entre tomate cultivado y la accesión silvestre PI134418 de Solanum habrochaites var. glabratum resistente al pasador del fruto. Evaluation of segregating populations from crosses between cultivated tomato and PI134418 wild accession of Solanum habrochaites var. glabratum with resistance to the fruit borer.

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Edwin F. Restrepo S.

2008-01-01

Full Text Available Se realizó la evaluación de poblaciones segregantes producidas a partir de cruzamientos entre tomate S. lycopersicum L. cv. maravilla y la accesión silvestre PI134418 de S. habrochaites var. glabratum resistente al pasador del fruto N. elegantalis. Se encontró que hay dominancia de los alelos que disminuyen la expresión del caraacute;cter peso promedio de fruto. El método del retrocruzamiento resultó maacute;s eficiente que el de la autofecundación, para contrarrestar la dominancia de los alelos que codifican por el tamaño pequeño del fruto. Los tricomas y el número promedio de frutos por racimo no ejercieron ningún efecto sobre el ataque de los frutos por parte del pasador; mientras que el peso promedio de fruto sí tuvo efecto importante sobre dicho ataque, de tal manera que el insecto tiende a producir mayor daño a medida que se incrementa el peso promedio de fruto. Las poblaciones RC1 y RC2 se comportaron como las típicas segregantes para los caracteres evaluados y exhibieron amplia variabilidad en los mismos. El método del retrocruzamiento fue efectivo para romper la asociación negativa entre el peso promedio de fruto y la resistencia al insecto. El peso promedio de algunos de los frutos en los recombinantes RC2 fluctuó entre 45.1 y 68.6 g y mostraron resistencia al pasador.Evaluation of segregating populations from crosses between cultivated tomato S. lycopersicum L. cv. maravilla and PI134418 wild accession of Solanum habrochaites var. glabratum with resistance to the fruit borer N. elegantalis was made. There was dominance of alleles that decrease the expression of the character mean fruit weight. The backcrossing method was more efficient than selfing in order to counteract the dominance of alleles that encode by small fruit size. The thrichomes and the mean number of fruit per bunch did not produce any effect on the fruit attack by the fruit borer; while that mean fruit weight had important effect on this attack

Dinâmica populacional de Bemisia tabaci biótipo B em tomate monocultivo e consorciado com coentro sob cultivo orgânico e convencional Population dynamic of Benisua tabaci B biotype in monoculture tomato crop and consortium with coriander in organic and conventional crop system

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Pedro HB Togni

2009-06-01

Full Text Available A mosca-branca Bemisia tabaci Biótipo B (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae, é um herbívoro de difícil controle devido à alta plasticidade genotípica da espécie. No tomateiro pode causar danos severos principalmente pela transmissão de diversas viroses. O manejo do sistema de produção e o consórcio de culturas podem ter um efeito direto nas populações desse herbívoro, sem que seja necessária a aplicação de inseticidas. Avaliou-se a influência dos sistemas de produção orgânico e convencional e o consórcio tomate-coentro na dinâmica populacional da mosca-branca no campo experimental da Embrapa Hortaliças, de maio a setembro/06. O monitoramento dos adultos da mosca-branca e de seus inimigos naturais foi realizado utilizando-se armadilhas adesivas amarelas fixadas nas bordas e no interior das parcelas experimentais e a amostragem de ninfas foi realizada por observação direta das folhas de tomate no campo. Embora as populações ao redor dos diferentes tratamentos fossem equivalentes, a abundância de adultos de mosca-branca foi significativamente menor nas parcelas de tomate consorciado com coentro, tanto no sistema convencional como orgânico. Apenas o consórcio tomatecoentro em sistema orgânico apresentou redução significativa na quantidade de ninfas por planta em relação aos demais tratamentos. Os inimigos naturais foram significativamente mais abundantes em sistema orgânico e foi verificada uma correlação negativa da abundância dos inimigos naturais e a quantidade de ninfas por planta. A associação tomate-coentro e o manejo orgânico do agroecossistema favoreceram ao controle biológico natural da mosca-branca.Due to its high genotypic plasticity, the control of the silverleaf whitefly Bemisia tabaci B biotype (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae, is difficult. This insect may cause severe damage to the tomato crop as a vector of several viruses. The management of the production system and the consortium with other crops may have a

Análise de correspondência como instrumento para descrição do perfil do trabalhador da cultura de tomate de mesa em Goiás The correspondence analysis as instrument to analyze the profile of the worker in the tomato crop in the Goiás state, Brazil

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Sueli Martins Freitas Alves

2009-10-01

Full Text Available O cultivo do tomate de mesa em Goiás está estruturado numa proposta tecnológica baseada no uso intensivo de agrotóxicos, o que envolve riscos e danos potenciais à saúde dos trabalhadores. O objetivo deste trabalho foi utilizar a Análise de Correspondência Múltipla (ACM para explorar a perfil do trabalhador da cultura de tomate de mesa quanto ao uso de agrotóxicos. Para isso, foram obtidas informações sobre fatores socioeconômicos e demográficos, percepção de risco, uso de agrotóxicos, uso de equipamento de proteção individual (EPI e morbidade referida, por meio de questionário respondido por 96 trabalhadores da cultura de tomate de mesa, em seis municípios do Estado de Goiás. A Análise de Correspondência Múltipla (ACM possibilitou definir três grupos de trabalhadores. No grupo 1, os que responderam que já se intoxicaram com agrotóxicos e não usam EPI porque dificulta o trabalho ou porque não têm costume. No grupo 2, os que responderam que não se intoxicaram com agrotóxico relataram que usam somente algum tipo de EPI porque os consideram desconfortáveis ou por outros motivos. No grupo 3, os que relataram usar EPI completo e que moram em barracas de lona na lavoura de tomate. Foi possível fazer correspondência entre as modalidades da pesquisa, o que não seria possível com o uso de estatística descritiva.The tomato cropping in the Goiás state is structured under a technological proposal based on the intensive use of pesticides, which involves risks and potential damages to the workers' health. This study aimed to use the Multiple Correspondence Analysis (ACM to explore the worker's profile concerning to the use of pesticides in tomato crop. So, information about the socioeconomic and demographic factors, risk perception, pesticide uses, use of individual protection equipment (EPI and referred morbidity were obtained, by using a questionnaire applied to 96 workers in tomato crop, in six counties at the State

Exploring genetic variation in the tomato (Solanum section Lycopersicon) clade by whole-genome sequencing.

Science.gov (United States)

Aflitos, Saulo; Schijlen, Elio; de Jong, Hans; de Ridder, Dick; Smit, Sandra; Finkers, Richard; Wang, Jun; Zhang, Gengyun; Li, Ning; Mao, Likai; Bakker, Freek; Dirks, Rob; Breit, Timo; Gravendeel, Barbara; Huits, Henk; Struss, Darush; Swanson-Wagner, Ruth; van Leeuwen, Hans; van Ham, Roeland C H J; Fito, Laia; Guignier, Laëtitia; Sevilla, Myrna; Ellul, Philippe; Ganko, Eric; Kapur, Arvind; Reclus, Emannuel; de Geus, Bernard; van de Geest, Henri; Te Lintel Hekkert, Bas; van Haarst, Jan; Smits, Lars; Koops, Andries; Sanchez-Perez, Gabino; van Heusden, Adriaan W; Visser, Richard; Quan, Zhiwu; Min, Jiumeng; Liao, Li; Wang, Xiaoli; Wang, Guangbiao; Yue, Zhen; Yang, Xinhua; Xu, Na; Schranz, Eric; Smets, Erik; Vos, Rutger; Rauwerda, Johan; Ursem, Remco; Schuit, Cees; Kerns, Mike; van den Berg, Jan; Vriezen, Wim; Janssen, Antoine; Datema, Erwin; Jahrman, Torben; Moquet, Frederic; Bonnet, Julien; Peters, Sander

2014-10-01

We explored genetic variation by sequencing a selection of 84 tomato accessions and related wild species representative of the Lycopersicon, Arcanum, Eriopersicon and Neolycopersicon groups, which has yielded a huge amount of precious data on sequence diversity in the tomato clade. Three new reference genomes were reconstructed to support our comparative genome analyses. Comparative sequence alignment revealed group-, species- and accession-specific polymorphisms, explaining characteristic fruit traits and growth habits in the various cultivars. Using gene models from the annotated Heinz 1706 reference genome, we observed differences in the ratio between non-synonymous and synonymous SNPs (dN/dS) in fruit diversification and plant growth genes compared to a random set of genes, indicating positive selection and differences in selection pressure between crop accessions and wild species. In wild species, the number of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) exceeds 10 million, i.e. 20-fold higher than found in most of the crop accessions, indicating dramatic genetic erosion of crop and heirloom tomatoes. In addition, the highest levels of heterozygosity were found for allogamous self-incompatible wild species, while facultative and autogamous self-compatible species display a lower heterozygosity level. Using whole-genome SNP information for maximum-likelihood analysis, we achieved complete tree resolution, whereas maximum-likelihood trees based on SNPs from ten fruit and growth genes show incomplete resolution for the crop accessions, partly due to the effect of heterozygous SNPs. Finally, results suggest that phylogenetic relationships are correlated with habitat, indicating the occurrence of geographical races within these groups, which is of practical importance for Solanum genome evolution studies. © 2014 The Authors The Plant Journal © 2014 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

INFLUENCIA DE COBERTURAS EN SUELO SOBRE LA SELECCIÓN DEL HOSPEDANTE POR Bemisia tabaci, EN CONDICIONES DE INVERNADERO

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Luko Hilje

2011-01-01

Full Text Available Aunque varios tipos de coberturas en suelo (inertes o vivas pueden reducir la afluencia de adultos de B. tabaci en plantas de tomate, se desconoce el mecanismo específico de acción de cada una de ellas. Por tanto, se realizó un experimento en un invernadero en Turrialba, Costa Rica, para determinar su respuesta tanto a coberturas inertes (metal verde y plástico plateado y amarillo como vivas: maní forrajero (Arachis pintoi, Fabaceae, cinquillo (Drymaria cordata, Caryophyllaceae y culantro (Coriandrum sativum, Umbelliferae. Se les comparó con un testigo (suelo desnudo. Hubo 4 repeticiones de cada tratamiento. Cada cobertura se sembró en una maceta grande, rodeado de una plántula de tomate de 15 cm de altura. Las macetas se colocaron sobre el piso del invernadero, espaciadas 40 cm entre sí. Cada experimento se repitió en 4 días consecutivos, para lo cual los tratamientos se aleatorizaron todos los días. Se utilizó un diseño de parcelas divididas, con las coberturas como la parcela principal y las fechas como las subparcelas. La víspera de cada repetición se liberaron 1200 adultos de B. tabaci (biotipo A en el área experimental y al día siguiente se registraron sus datos tanto en la planta de tomate como en cada cobertura. Los números de adultos fueron mucho mayores (p0,05. Aunque todas interfieren con la habilidad de los adultos para localizar las plantas de tomate, el mecanismo específico de acción difirió según la naturaleza de cada una, excepto en las coberturas vivas, que parecen compartir el mismo mecanismo.

Cultivo hidropônico de tomate cereja utilizando-se efluente tratado de uma indústria de sorvete Hydroponic production of cherry tomatoes using treated effluent of ice cream industry

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Samuel M. M. Malheiros

2012-10-01

Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o uso de doses de efluente oriundo de indústria de sorvete, na cultura do tomate cereja em relação ao consumo hídrico e no desenvolvimento vegetativo em sistema hidropônico. O delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente casualizado, com seis tratamentos e quatro repetições. Os tratamentos foram compostos pelo uso de doses de efluente (0, 25, 50, 75 e 100% com complementação de nutrientes e com o uso de 100% de efluente sem complementação nutriente. O aumento das doses de efluente na solução nutritiva proporcionou redução linear no consumo hídrico. O efluente com 25% proporcionou a melhor produtividade. A adição de até 50% de efluente de sorvete à solução nutritiva permitiu o cultivo de tomate cereja sem redução na produtividade, com melhor eficiência do uso da água na produção de matéria seca da parte aérea, produção de frutos e máxima substituição de minerais solúveis na solução nutritiva.The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of ice cream raw effluent doses on consumption and vegetative development of cherry tomato under hydroponic system. The experiment was conducted in completely randomized design with six treatments and four replications. Treatments consisted of 5 different levels of effluent (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% complemented with the amount of nutrient recommended for growing tomatoes and 100% of effluent without nutrient complementation. Increasing doses of effluent provided linear reduction in water consumption.Addition of effluent in proportion of 25% provided best production results. Addition up to 50% ice cream effluent to nutrient solution allowed growth of cherry tomato without yield reduction providing better efficiency of water use in terms of dry weight of shoots and fruit production as well as maximum substitution of soluble mineral fertilizers in nutrient solution.

Identification of the pI 4.6 extensin peroxidase from Lycopersicon esculentum using proteomics and reverse-genomics.

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Dong, Wen; Kieliszewski, Marcia; Held, Michael A

2015-04-01

The regulation of plant cell growth and early defense response involves the insolubilization of hydroxyproline-rich glycoproteins (HRGPs), such as extensin, in the primary cell wall. In tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum), insolubilization occurs by the formation of tyrosyl-crosslinks catalyzed specifically by the pI 4.6 extensin peroxidase (EP). To date, neither the gene encoding EP nor the protein itself has been identified. Here, we have identified tomato EP candidates using both proteomic and bioinformatic approaches. Bioinformatic screening of the tomato genome yielded eight EP candidates, which contained a putative signal sequence and a predicted pI near 4.6. Biochemical fractionation of tomato culture media followed by proteomic detection further refined our list of EP candidates to three, with the lead candidate designated (CG5). To test for EP crosslinking activity, we cloned into a bacterial expression vector the CG5 open-reading frame from tomato cDNA. The CG5 was expressed in Escherichia coli, fractionated from inclusion bodies, and folded in vitro. The peroxidase activity of CG5 was assayed and quantified by ABTS (2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid)) assay. Subsequent extensin crosslinking assays showed that CG5 can covalently crosslink authentic tomato P1 extensin and P3-type extensin analogs in vitro supporting our hypothesis that CG5 encodes a tomato EP. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Qualidade de sabor de tomates dos tipos salada e cereja e sua relação com caracteres morfoagronômicos dos frutos Taste quality of salad and cherry tomatoes and their relationship with the morphoagronomic characteristics of the fruits

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Fábio Moreira Sobreira

2010-08-01

Full Text Available Frutos no estádio vermelho maduro de trinta e três acessos de tomate do banco de germoplasma do CCA-UFES, sendo 15 do "tipo Cereja" e 18 do "tipo Salada", foram caracterizados com base nos seguintes descritores morfoagronômicos: peso médio do fruto; comprimento médio do fruto; diâmetro médio do fruto; diâmetro da cicatriz peduncular; espessura do mesocarpo do fruto; teor de sólidos solúveis e pH do fruto. Com base nas variáveis teor de sólidos solúveis (TSS e pH do fruto, calculou-se a variável sabor, por meio da relação TSS/pH². Foram realizadas análises de variâncias e análises de correlações simples e parciais, determinando a distribuição dos acessos quanto às classes de sabor. Com base nas distribuições de frequências, formaram-se quatro classes para essa variável, sendo que, a maior parcela (33% dos acessos "tipo Salada" alocaram-se na classe mais baixa (0,05-0,12 ºBrix.pH-2, correspondendo a frutos de sabor menos desejável, enquanto a maior parcela (30% dos acessos "tipo Cereja", alocaram-se em classe imediatamente superior (0,13-0,20 ºBrix.pH-2. Os dados demonstram a possibilidade de se obter ganhos genéticos para sabor concomitantemente ao peso, comprimento e espessura do mesocarpo dos frutos.Fruits in the ripe red stage of thirty three tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. accessions from CCA-UFES germplasm collection, being 15 "Cherry type" and 18 "Salad type", were characterized based on the following morphooagronomic descriptors: average fruit weight; average fruit length; average fruit diameter; peduncle scar diameter; fruit mesocarp thickness; soluble solids and fruit pH. Based on the data from the soluble solids and fruit pH, the flavor variable was calculated by the ratio TSS/pH². Variance analysis and simple and partial correlations were calculated, and the accessions were clustered in flavor classes. Based on the statistical model of distribution of frequencies, four classes were formed for

EVALUATING THE FRUIT PRODUCTION AND QUALITY OF CHERRY TOMATO (Solanum lycopersicum var. cerasiforme EVALUACIÓN DE LA PRODUCCIÓN Y CALIDAD DEL FRUTO DEL TOMATE CEREZA Solanum lycopersicum var. cerasiforme

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Nelson Ceballos Aguirre

2012-06-01

Full Text Available Abstract. The greatest genetic diversity of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L. in terms of fruit quality characteristics such as flavor, aroma, color, and lycopene and b-carotene contents is found in wild species. This study evaluated the agronomic characteristics and fruit quality of 30 cherry tomato introductions of the germplasm bank of the Universidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede Palmira in trials conducted at the Montelindo experimental farm of the Universidad de Caldas (1010 m above sea level, average temperature 22.8 °C, average annual rainfall 2200 mm, 76% relative humidity. A 5 x 6 rectangular lattice experimental design was used with 30 treatments (introductions and a commercial control (Sweet Million, 4 replicates/treatment, and 5 plants/replicate as experimental unit. The descriptors used were those suggested by the former International Plant Genetic Resources Institute, now Bioversity International. Data were statistically analyzed by ANOVA and Duncan's means test using the SAS program. In addition, principal component and cluster dendrogram analyses using the SAS Princom and Cluster procedure (SAS Institute, Cary, NC were performed. Six principal components accounted for 80.39% of the morphological variability of the introductions evaluated. The most promising materials in terms of average fruit weight, yield per plant and per hectare, and soluble solids, vitamin C and lycopene contents were IAC1624, IAC391, IAC3652, LA2131, IAC424, IAC1621, IAC426, LA1480 and IAC1688. The broad phenotypic variability observed in the evaluated introductions favors the potential selection and breeding of tomato for traits associated with fruit production and quality.Resumen. La mayor diversidad genética del tomate (Solanum lycopersicum L. en términos de características de calidad del fruto como sabor, aroma, coloración y contenidos de licopeno y b-caroteno se encuentra en especies silvestres. Este estudio evaluó las características agronómicas y

Growth and development of tomato plants Lycopersicon Esculentum Mill. under different saline conditions by fertirrigation with pretreated cheese whey wastewater.

Science.gov (United States)

Prazeres, Ana R; Carvalho, Fátima; Rivas, Javier; Patanita, Manuel; Dôres, Jóse

2013-01-01

Pretreated cheese whey wastewater (CWW) has been used at different salinity levels: 1.75, 2.22, 3.22, 5.02 and 10.02 dS m(-1) and compared with fresh water (1.44 dS m(-1)). Two cultivars (cv.) of the tomato plant Lycopersicon Esculentum Mill. (Roma and Rio Grande) were exposed to saline conditions for 72 days. Salinity level (treatment) had no significant effects on the fresh weight and dry matter of the leaves, stems and roots. Similar results were found when specific leaf area, leaflet area, ramifications number of 1st order/plant, stem diameter and length, nodes number/stem and primary root length were considered. Conversely, the salinity level significantly influenced the Soil Plant Analysis Development (SPAD) index and the distance between nodes in the plant stem. In the first case, an increase of 21% was obtained in the salinity levels of 5.02 and 10.02 dS m(-1) for cv. Rio Grande, compared with the control run. The results showed that the pretreated CWW can be a source of nutrients for tomato plants, with reduced effects on growth and development.

Lectin conjugates as biospecific contrast agents for MRI. Coupling of Lycopersicon esculentum agglutinin to linear water-soluble DTPA-loaded oligomers.

Science.gov (United States)

Pashkunova-Martic, Irena; Kremser, Christian; Galanski, Markus; Schluga, Petra; Arion, Vladimir; Debbage, Paul; Jaschke, Werner; Keppler, Bernhard

2011-06-01

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) requires synthesis of contrast media bearing targeting groups and numerous gadolinium chelating groups generating high relaxivity. This paper explores the results of linking the gadolinium chelates to the targeting group, a protein molecule, via various types of linkers. Polycondensates of diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) with either diols or diamines were synthesised and coupled to the targeting group, a lectin (Lycopersicon esculentum agglutinin, tomato lectin) which binds with high affinity to specific oligosaccharide configurations in the endothelial glycocalyx. The polycondensates bear up to four carboxylic groups per constitutive unit. Gd-chelate bonds are created through dative interactions with the unshared pair of electrons on each oxygen and nitrogen atom on DTPA. This is mandatory for complexation of Gd(III) and avoidance of the severe toxicity of free gadolinium ions. The polymer-DTPA compounds were characterised by (1)H NMR and mass spectrometry. The final lectin-DTPA-polycondensate conjugates were purified by fast protein liquid chromatography (FPLC). The capacity for specific binding was assessed, and the MRI properties were examined in order to evaluate the use of these oligomers as components of selective perfusional contrast agents.

Desarrollo de una metodología de infestación artificial de plantas de tomate con el pasador del fruto Development of an artificial infestation methodology of tomato plants with the fruit borer

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Nelson Enrique Casas Leal

2008-12-01

Full Text Available En un diseño de bloques completos al azar se confinaron en jaulas (1.5 x 1.5 x 1.8 m dos plantas de tomate (S. lycopersicum cv. Maravilla, podadas a dos tallos, con hembras de Neoleucinodes elegantalis (una, dos, cuatro y seis adultos, y el testigo. Los tratamientos se repitieron cuatro veces. Se evaluaron por planta las variables frutos afectados por pasador (% y número promedio de orificios de entrada del pasador por fruto. Se presentaron diferencias significativas entre tratamientos solo para la variable frutos afectados por pasador (%. Con la introducción de una hembra en el interior de la jaula se incrementaron en 5.29% los frutos afectados. Para obtener pérdida de frutos similar a la que se presenta en lotes comerciales muy susceptibles (50-60% se requirió la introducción de seis hembras en la jaula.Two tomato plants (S. lycopersicum cv. Maravilla pruned to two stems with females of Neoleucinodes elegantalis (one, two, four, six adults, and the control were enclosed in cages (1.5 x 1.5 x 1.8 m under the randomized complete block design. The treatments were replicated four times. The variables fruit by fruit borer (% and mean number of entrance holes of fruit borer per fruit were evaluated per plant. Only the variable affected fruit by fruit borer (% presented significant differences between treatments. The affected fruits were increased in 5.29% by every female introduced into the cage. If it is needed to get fruits losses similar to those seen in very susceptible commercial plots (50-60% six female must be introduced into the cage.

Adaptive Automation Design and Implementation

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2015-09-17

with an automated system to a real-world adaptive au- tomation system implementation. There have been plenty of adaptive automation 17 Adaptive...of systems without increasing manpower requirements by allocating routine tasks to automated aids, improving safety through the use of au- tomated ...between intermediate levels of au- tomation , explicitly defining which human task a given level automates. Each model aids the creation and classification

2328-IJBCS-Article-Dr Oscar E.M Faton

African Journals Online (AJOL)

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Botrytis cinerea à une température de 24 °C. Cet effet bénéfique est obtenu même en absence de tout agent pathogène. En effet,. Windham et al. (1986) ont montré que l'addition de T. harzianum et de T. koningii à un sol préalablement autoclavé a augmenté le pourcentage de germination des semences de tomate et du ...

Qualidade de tomate 'Débora' minimamente processado armazenado em dois tipos de embalagens Quality of minimally processed tomato cv. Débora stored in two types of packages

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Ana Carolina A Miguel

2007-12-01

Full Text Available Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a qualidade de tomates cv. Débora minimamente processados acondicionados em dois tipos de embalagens. Os frutos foram lavados e sanificados com hipoclorito de sódio (200 mg L-1. A polpa destes frutos foi cortada em cubos (1 cm³ com posterior enxagüe em solução de hipoclorito de sódio (20 mg L-1, acondicionada em sacos de polipropileno (PP ou copos de tereftalato de polietileno (PET e armazenada a 5°C por 8 dias. Durante esse período foram retiradas diariamente amostras para determinação da perda de massa, coloração interna, textura, pH, conteúdos de sólidos solúveis (SS, acidez titulável (AT e ácido ascórbico. Os teores de sólidos solúveis, acidez titulável, relação SS/AT e o pH se mostraram significativamente afetados pela embalagem. Os cubos acondicionados em copos PET apresentaram maiores teores de SS e menores teores de AT, o que resultou em uma relação SS/AT maior que os mantidos em sacos PP. O acondicionamento em copos PET mostrou-se o mais indicado para a produção de tomates cortados em cubos.The quality of minimally processed tomatoes cv. Débora conditioned in two types of packages was evaluated. The fruits were washed and sanitized with a 200 mg L-1 sodium hypochlorite solution. The pulp was cut in cubes (1 cm³, rinsed with a 20 mg L-1 sodium hypochlorite solution, packed in polypropylene (PP bags or polyethylene terephthalate (PET cups and stored at 5ºC for eight days. During this period samples were daily retired to evaluate the loss of fresh mass, internal color, texture, pH, contents of soluble solids (SS, titratable acidity (TA and ascorbic acid. The soluble solids, titratable acidity, SS/TA ratio and pH were significantly affected by the packing type. The cubes packed in cups showed greater content of SS and lower of TA, resulting in a better ratio when compared to the cubes packed in bags. The polyethylene terephthalate (PET cups were the best package for

Efecto del acibenzolar-s-metil sobre el desarrollo de la virosis causada por potyvirus en tomate de árbol

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Mejía A. Diana Marcela

2009-04-01

Full Text Available

El principal limitante del cultivo de tomate de árbol en Colombia es el ataque de virus, el cual reduce la producción y calidad de la fruta. En condiciones de invernadero se evaluó el efecto del inductor de resistencia Acibenzolar-S-metil- ASM (Boost® sobre la incidencia y severidad de la virosis en plantas inoculadas con extracto de hojas naturalmente infectadas con virus, mediante aplicación foliar de 0,08% de producto comercial por planta cada 20 días. La incidencia de la virosis se redujo en 50% cuando el inductor se aplicó antes de la inoculación con el virus, seguido de dos aplicaciones adicionales de ASM, comparado con 100% de incidencia en las plantas inoculadas solo con el extracto de plantas infectadas con el virus, tendencia encontrada también en la curva de desarrollo de la enfermedad. Se observó un retraso de 7 días en la aparición de síntomas cuando se aplicó el inductor antes de la inoculación así como se observó una reducción significativa en el grado de severidad de la enfermedad. El potyvirus fue detectado mediante la prueba ELISA; sin embargo, no se encontraron diferencias estadísticas significativas en su concentración entre los diferentes tratamientos.

Diversidad de enterobacterias asociadas a frutos de tomate (Lycopersi-cum sculentum Mill y suelos de invernadero

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M. Lorena Luna-Guevara

2012-01-01

Full Text Available El objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar la diversidad de enterobacterias presentes en suelo y tomates provenientes de tres invernaderos de fertirrigación. Estos sistemas de cultivo son una alternativa importante de producción en agricultura protegida, sin embargo, existe escasa información acerca de la calidad microbiológica de los frutos y su relación con las características químicas del suelo. Las evaluaciones del suelo consistieron en analizar el contenido de materia orgánica y pH. En los análisis microbiológicos se aislaron e identificaron enterobacterias en muestras compuestas de suelo y frutos con diferentes grados de madurez (0, 50 y 100%, utilizando medios de cultivo selectivos, diferenciales y pruebas confirmatorias con el sistema VITEK. Los patogrupos de Escherichia coli enteropatogena (EPEC y enterotoxigénica (ETEC se caracterizaron genotípicamente mediante la técnica de reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (PCR, amplificándose los genes bfpA y lngA. Con las especies identificadas se calcularon los índices de diversidad Simpson (D y Shannon-Wiener (H´ y estimador de Chao (SChao1. Las especies Enterobacter cloacae, Citrobacter freundii y C. brakii presentaron mayor frecuencia de aislamiento, EPEC y ETEC fueron identificadas en muestras de suelo y en frutos con 100% de madurez. En suelo, los porcentajes de materia orgánica se correlacionaron positivamente con los índices H´. En fruto, aunque H´ y D reflejaron comunidades bacterianas menos diversas, el aislamiento de ETEC y Shigella boydii sobre la superficie del fruto comprometen su inocuidad debido a que habitualmente se consume en forma cruda.

Avaliação de coberturas comestíveis compostas por quitosana e argila no revestimento em tomates sob refrigeração pelo método dipping

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Tamara Lorena Eufrazio da Costa

2013-03-01

Full Text Available O tomate é um fruto muito perecível e com curta vida de prateleira, demonstrando uma necessidade do desenvolvimento de tecnologias que reduzam estas perdas. Na indústria de alimentos, a quitosana se destaca por ser de origem natural, renovável, biodegradável, atóxico e propriedade de formação de filme. A argila possibilita uma maior aderência do filme na superfície do fruto, e é utilizada para fechar vacâncias existentes na rede polimérica. Tendo em vista as características da quitosana e da argila, no presente trabalho é abordada a síntese e utilização de filmes compostos por quitosana e argila, com aplicação em revestimento em tomates, visando o aumento da vida útil dos frutos e assim diminuir as perdas pós-colheita. O filme foi sintetizado com 1% de quitosana e 1% argila. Para a caracterização, os filmes foram preparados e deixados secar pelo método casting, e em seguida foram realizadas as análises de espessura, solubilidade, opacidade e permeabilidade ao vapor de água. Para as análises físico-químicas, o filme foi preparado e aplicado sobre o fruto, pelo método dipping. O armazenamento foi realizado sob refrigeração a 13 ± 1°C e umidade relativa de 80 ± 5% durante 12 dias, sendo feita as análises a cada três dias. As análises foram: perda de massa, firmeza de polpa, coloração da casca, sólidos solúveis, acidez titulável, ácido ascórbico e a relação sólidos solúveis e acidez titulável. Nas análises de caracterização dos filmes foram obtidos valores de acordo com a literatura. Já para as análises físico-químicas, não foi obtido efeito significativo para a interação entre tratamento e tempo, tendo a perda de massa efeito isolado para tratamento e tempo e efeito significativo do tempo para as demais características em condições de armazenamento.

Evaluación de materiales biodegradables para acolchado en el cultivo de pimiento

OpenAIRE

Servera Díaz, Francisco Javier

2014-01-01

En España, el cultivo de pimiento al aire libre ocupa aproximadamente una superficie de 7000 ha, con un rendimiento medio de 30 t/ha. Al igual que en el cultivo de tomate, la mayoría de esta superficie utiliza el goteo como sistema de riego y el acolchado plástico como método de control de malas hierbas. Además de controlar las malas hierbas sin necesidad de usar herbicida ni escardas manuales, la técnica del acolchado aumenta la eficiencia en el uso del agua y aumenta la temperatura del s...

Biosynthesis of 14C-phytoene from tomato cell suspension cultures (Lycopersicon esculentum) for utilization in prostate cancer cell culture studies.

Science.gov (United States)

Campbell, Jessica K; Rogers, Randy B; Lila, Mary Ann; Erdman, John W

2006-02-08

This work describes the development and utilization of a plant cell culture production approach to biosynthesize and radiolabel phytoene and phytofluene for prostate cancer cell culture studies. The herbicide norflurazon was added to established cell suspension cultures of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum cv. VFNT cherry), to induce the biosynthesis and accumulation of the lycopene precursors, phytoene and phytofluene, in their natural isomeric forms (15-cis-phytoene and two cis-phytofluene isomers). Norflurazon concentrations, solvent carrier type and concentration, and duration of culture exposure to norflurazon were screened to optimize phytoene and phytofluene synthesis. Maximum yields of both phytoene and phytofluene were achieved after 7 days of treatment with 0.03 mg norflurazon/40 mL fresh medium, provided in 0.07% solvent carrier. Introduction of 14C-sucrose to the tomato cell culture medium enabled the production of 14C-labeled phytoene for subsequent prostate tumor cell uptake studies. In DU 145 prostate tumor cells, it was determined that 15-cis-phytoene and an oxidized product of phytoene were taken up and partially metabolized by the cells. The ability to biosynthesize, radiolabel, and isolate these carotenoids from tomato cell cultures is a novel, valuable methodology for further in vitro and in vivo investigations into the roles of phytoene and phytofluene in cancer chemoprevention.

NUTRICIÓN MINERAL CON N, P Y K EN LA SIMBIOSIS HONGOS MICORRIZÓGENOS-TOMATE (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) EN FERRALSOLS

OpenAIRE

Desirée Llonín; N. Medina

2002-01-01

Se evaluó el efecto de diferentes relaciones de nutrientes con N, P y K y la inoculación con dos cepas de hongos micorrízicos arbusculares-HMA- (G. clarum y G. fasciculatum), como fuentes de suministro de nutrientes aplicadas solas o en combinación, en fase de campo, sobre los incrementos de los rendimientos y la absorción de nutrientes. Para ello se determinaron el rendimiento del cultivo, la absorción de nutrientes y la colonización por HMA. Los resultados indican que la inoculación con hon...

24-Epibrassinoslide enhances plant tolerance to stress from low temperatures and poor light intensities in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.).

Science.gov (United States)

Cui, Lirong; Zou, Zhirong; Zhang, Jing; Zhao, Yanyan; Yan, Fei

2016-01-01

Brassinosteroids (Brs) are a newly recognized group of active steroidal hormones that occur at low concentrations in all plant parts and one of the active and stable forms is 24-epibrassinolide (EBR). We investigated the effect of EBR on tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) and its mechanism when seedlings were exposed to low temperature and poor light stress conditions. Leaves of stress-tolerant 'Zhongza9' and stress-sensitive 'Zhongshu4' cultivars were pre-treated with spray solutions containing either 0.1 μM EBR or no EBR (control). The plants were then transferred to chambers where they were exposed to low temperatures of 12 °C/6 °C (day/night) under a low light (LL) level of 80 μmol · m(-2) · s(-1). Exogenous application of EBR significantly increased the antioxidant activity of superoxide dismutase, catalase and peroxidase, and decreased the rate of O2 · (-) formation and H2O2 and malondialdehyde contents. Additionally, the ATP synthase β subunit content was increased by exogenous hormone application. Based on these results, we conclude that exogenous EBR can elicit synergism between the antioxidant enzyme systems and the ATP synthase β subunit so that scavenging of reactive oxygen species becomes more efficient. These activities enable plants to cope better under combined low temperature and poor light stresses.

Farelo de tomate (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill. na alimentação de poedeiras comerciais = Tomato meal (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill. in the diet of laying hens

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Riviana Roberta de Souza Loureiro

2007-10-01

Full Text Available Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito da inclusão de diferentes níveis do farelo de tomate (FT sobre o desempenho zootécnico e características dos ovos de poedeiras comerciais. Foram alojadas em gaiolas 200 aves da linhagem Dekalb White, com 30 semanas de idade, durante três períodos de 21 dias cada um. O delineamento experimental foi ointeiramente casualizado, com cinco tratamentos e cinco repetições de oito aves cada. Os tratamentos consistiram de uma dieta referência e inclusões de 5, 10, 15 e 20% do (FT. Para o consumo de ração, houve aumento à medida que se aumentou o nível de inclusão do farelo. Para a conversão alimentar por dúzia de ovos, conversão alimentar por massa de ovos, percentagem de postura e massa de ovos produzida, 5% foi o nível de inclusão que proporcionou os melhores resultados. O FT provocou diminuição linear no peso e percentagem de gema, no entanto, até 15% de inclusão, obtiveram-se gemas mais pesadas quando comparadas com as da ração-referência. O farelo de tomate pode ser utilizado como ingrediente alternativo nas rações para poedeiras comerciais. O nível recomendado seria de até 5% de inclusão, para melhores resultados de desempenho zootécnico. Utilizando-se até15%, não houve interferência no rendimento das partes dos ovos.The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of different inclusion levels of tomato meal (TM on performance and egg quality. Two hundred Dekalb White birds, 30 weeks old, were allocated in cages during three periods of 21 days each. The experimental design was completely randomized, with five treatments and five repetitions of eight birds each. The treatments were: a control diet, and four diets with different inclusion levels of TM (5, 10, 15 and 20%. The birds’ feed consumption increased as the inclusion level of tomato meal in the diet was raised. For egg production, egg mass, feed conversion per mass and dozen of eggs, the level of 5% was the best. TM

EFEITOS DAS APLICAÇÕES DE CÁLCIO E DE BORO NA OCORRÊNCIA DE PODRIDÃO APICAL E PRODUÇÃO DE TOMATE EM ESTUFA

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PLESE L.P.M.

1998-01-01

Full Text Available Com o objetivo de estudar os efeitos das aplicações de cálcio via foliar e de boro via solo na produção e ocorrência de podridão apical em tomate em estufa, conduziu-se um experimento no município de Regente Feijó, SP, com solo classificado como Podzólico Vermelho-Amarelo, fase arenosa. Os tratamentos consistiram de três doses de boro (0, 1 e 2 g cova-1 e três freqüências de aplicação foliar de cloreto de cálcio a 0,6% (sem aplicação, aplicação semanal e quinzenal. Os resultados obtidos sugeriram que a aplicação de 1 g cova-1 de boro e freqüência de aplicação quinzenal de CaCl2 a 0,6% e a aplicação semanal de CaCl2 a 0,6% na ausência de boro constituíram-se nas melhores opções no sentido de conciliar maior produtividade e menor número de frutos com incidência de podridão apical.

Utilizacion del metodo de hidrolisis de los amilostatolitos para el diagnostico de resistencia al calor, la sequia y la salinidad en el tomate

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Jorge A. Sánchez

2000-01-01

Full Text Available Se propone 5 indices de calidad que penni- ten estimar certerarnentel nivel de calidad y po- tencial productivo de una plantaci6n forestal. £1 primer indice es el de calidad general y debe uti- lizarse preferiblemente en plantaciones no ralea- das. £ste indiceproducira valores de 1.0-4.0. Valo- res cercanos a 1 serlin de plantaciones de la mas al- ta calidad. £1 segundo es el de calidad de cosecha y se basa en la cantidad de individuos presentes por ha de calidad 1 y 2. Una plantaci6n con 400 indi- viduos de calidad 1 +2 seria excelente y con menos de 200 individuos seria de mala calidad. £1 tercero es el de calidad maxima, que busca reflejar en que proporci6n la plantaci6n se aproxima al maximo numero posible de individuos de calidad 1 y de 40 cm de dap que puede contener una plantaci6n fo- festal ala cosecha; es basado en N 1=250 Y genera harvalores porcentuales, donde una plantaci6n con >90% seria excelente y 1600 trozas/ha de calidad 1+2 son excelentes y aquellas <800 trozas son inaceptables. Por ultimo se incluye el indice de calidad de productividad, que permite valorar la calidad de una plantaci6n en

Grado de especificidad de tres formas especiales de Fusarium oxysporum mediante inoculacion cruzada (bajo condiciones de invernadero en la Sabana de Bogotá, Colombia

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Diana Angélica Guerrero Higuera

2006-01-01

investigaciones encaminadas a tratar de estimar sus efectos reales donde se han encontrado porcentajes de infección en plantas no hospederas. En el presente estudio se evalúa el grado de especificidad de tres formas especiales de F. oxysporum con el fin de ampliar el conocimiento acerca del comportamiento de la especie. Se inoculó al suelo una suspensión de esporas (1,5 x 10-6/ml de las formas especiales dianthi, erythroxyli, y lycopersici en plantas de tomate, rábano, y clavel, encontrando porcentajes de infección en tomate por la f sp. Dianthi de 33%, lycopersici de 46% y erythroxyli 53%. En clavel, por dianthi 46%, lycopersici 30% y erythroxyli 43% y 53%. En rábano por dianthi de 40%, lycopersici 50% y erythroxyli 46% y 56%. De este trabajo se concluye que las formas especiales de F. oxysporum utilizadas no son específicas puesto que con todas se encontraron porcentajes de infección en plantas no hospederas.

Productivity of determinate growth tomato lines tolerant to heat under the organic system Produtividade de linhagens de tomate rasteiro tolerantes ao calor sob o sistema orgânico

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Cândido A da Costa

2011-12-01

Full Text Available The objective of the present work was to evaluate the productive response of heat tolerant lines of determinate growth tomato under the organic production system. The experiment was carried out in the Instituto de Ciências Agrárias of UFMG, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais state, Brazil. The experimental design was of randomized complete blocks with eight treatments and four replications. The treatments consisted of eight heat tolerant processing type tomato lines obtained from the Asian Vegetable Research and Development Center (AVRDC, China: CLN1621L, CLN1621F, CLN1621E, CLN1466P, CLN2026E, CLN2026D, CLN2026C and CLN2001C. There was an inverse relationship between the average weight of the fruits and the number of fruits per plant. The highest average fruit weight of some lines was compensated by the lowest quantity of fruits, in such a way that there were no significant differences among the lines. Symptoms of nutritional deficiency and incidences of pests and diseases were not verified in any of the studied lines. All lines presented potential for genetic improvement research and cultivation using organic production systems under higher temperature conditions.O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar o desempenho produtivo de linhagens de tomate rasteiro tolerantes ao calor sob o sistema orgânico de produção. O experimento foi realizado no Núcleo de Ciências Agrárias da UFMG, Montes Claros-MG. Foi utilizado o delineamento em blocos casualizados com oito tratamentos e quatro repetições. Os tratamentos consistiram de oito linhagens de tomate do tipo rasteiro tolerantes ao calor obtidos na Asian Vegetable Research and Development Center (AVRDC, China: CLN1621L, CLN1621F, CLN1621E, CLN1466P, CLN2026E, CLN2026D, CLN2026C e CLN2001C. Houve uma relação inversa entre o peso médio dos frutos e o número de frutos produzidos por planta. O maior peso médio de frutos de algumas linhagens foi compensado pelo menor número de frutos, de tal

Desenvolvimento do tomateiro e modificações nas propriedades químicas do solo em função da aplicação de resíduos orgânicos, sob cultivo protegido Development of tomato and changes in soil properties with organic materials application in greenhouse

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Simone C. Mello

2002-06-01

Full Text Available O experimento foi conduzido de fevereiro a agosto de 1997 no município de Piracicaba (SP, a fim de avaliar os efeitos de doses e resíduos orgânicos no desenvolvimento do tomateiro (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill cultivado em estufa e nos atributos químicos de um solo Podzólico vermelho-amarelo abrupto, A moderado, textura arenosa/média. O delineamento experimental foi de blocos casualizados em esquema fatorial 3 x 4, sendo usados três resíduos orgânicos [composto de lodo de cervejaria e cavaco de eucalipto (CLC, composto de lixo (CL e cama de frango (CF] e quatro doses equivalentes a 0; 100; 150 e 200 kg ha-1 de N, com quatro repetições. A produção de frutos de tomate não aumentou com a adição dos materiais orgânicos. A aplicação de CF reduziu o pH e o teor de Mg no solo. As doses do CLC elevaram o conteúdo de matéria orgânica, o teor de cálcio trocável e a capacidade de troca de cátions do solo. O CL, por sua vez, não alterou as propriedades químicas do solo.An experiment was carried out between February and August/97 to evaluate the effects of different organic wastes on the growth of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill plants and on the chemical properties of an Ultisol soil. The experimental design was of complete randomized blocks with four replicates and treatments disposed in a factorial 3x4: three organic wastes [malt residue and eucalyptus chip compost (CLC, urban solid waste compost (CL and chicken litter (CF] and four rates equivalent to 0; 100; 150 and 200 kg ha-1 of N. The fruit yield did not increase with organic waste additions. CF application decreased the pH and exchange Mg of soil. CLC addition increased the organic matter; exchange Ca and cation exchange capacity of soil. However, CL did not change the soil chemical properties.

Bioefficacy, residue dynamics and safety assessment of the combination fungicide trifloxystrobin 25% + tebuconazole 50%-75 WG in managing early blight of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.).

Science.gov (United States)

Saha, Sujoy; Purath, Ahammed Shabeer Thekkum; Jadhav, Manjusha R; Loganathan, M; Banerjee, Kaushik; Rai, A B

2014-01-01

This paper reports the in vitro and in vivo bioefficacy of a combination fungicide trifloxystrobin (25%) + tebuconazole (50%) against early blight disease of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) caused by Alternaria solani and their corresponding pre-harvest intervals (PHI) with reference to the maximum residue limits (European Union). Bioefficacy of the test fungicide combination revealed that in vitro conditions manifested the best control (75.1%) at 350 mg kg(-1) against 76.2% control under field conditions. A sample preparation method based on ethyl acetate extraction and estimation by LC-MS multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) was validated in tomato fruits at 0.01 mg/kg and dissipation studies were conducted in field at single and double doses. The residues of both the compounds on all the sampling days were below the European Union maximum residue limits (EU-MRLs) and the maximum permissible intakes (MPIs) were calculated on the basis of prescribed acceptable daily intake (ADI). The combined bioefficacy and residue dynamics information will support label-claim of this fungicide combination for the management of early blight in tomato.

Evaluación del potencial de promoción del crecimiento vegetal de microorganismos aislados a partir de residuos de higerilla (Recinus communis) en zanahoria (daucus carota)

OpenAIRE

Villota, Claudia Patricia

2013-01-01

Tesis (Especialista en Microbiología Industrial). Universidad Católica de Manizales, 2013 Las hortalizas representan el 85% del área sembrada en Colombia, entre ellas están la arveja, tomate, cebolla de bulbo, cebolla junca, arracacha, zanahoria, cilantro, habichuela, zapallo y repollo . Al ser atacadas por plagas y enfermedades, el agricultor realiza control químico alterando de esta manera la economía, la salud y el medio ambiente. El indiscriminado uso de fertilizantes y agroquímicos en...

Negative effects of fluoranthene on the ecophysiology of tomato plants (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill) Fluoranthene mists negatively affected tomato plants.

Science.gov (United States)

Oguntimehin, Ilemobayo; Eissa, Fawzy; Sakugawa, Hiroshi

2010-02-01

Cherry tomato plants (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill) were sprayed with fluoranthene and mixture of fluoranthene and mannitol solutions for 30d. The exposure was carried out in growth chambers in field conditions, and the air was filtered through charcoal filters to remove atmospheric contaminants. Plants were sprayed with 10microM fluoranthene as mist until they reached the fruiting stage, and the eco-physiological parameters were measured to determine the effects of the treatments. We measured CO(2) uptake and water vapour exchange, chlorophyll fluorescence, leaf pigment contents, visual symptoms and biomass allocation. Fluoranthene which was deposited as mist onto leaves negatively affected both growth and the quality of tomato plants, while other treatments did not. The photosynthetic rate measured at saturated irradiance was approximately 37% lower in fluoranthene-treated plants compared with the control group. Other variables, such as stomata conductance, the photochemical efficiency of PSII in the dark, Chl a, Chl b, and the total chlorophyll contents of the tomato leaves were significantly reduced in the fluoranthene-treated plants. Tomato plants treated with fluoranthene showed severe visible injury symptoms on the foliage during the exposure period. Mannitol (a reactive oxygen scavenger) mitigated effects of fluoranthene; thus, reactive oxygen species generated through fluoranthene may be responsible for the damaged tomato plants. It is possible for fluoranthene to decrease the aesthetic and hence the economic value of this valuable crop plant. 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Kinetic Super-Resolution Long-Wave Infrared (KSR LWIR) Thermography Diagnostic for Building Envelopes: Scott AFB, IL

Science.gov (United States)

2015-08-18

structures. The system software au- tomatically analyzes the thermal imagery and provides a custom report for each building that recommends cost-effective...possible using traditional thermogra- phy. This includes building facade data and building orientation. The au- tomated data processing system also

The behaviour of Bombus impatiens (Apidae, Bombini on tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill., Solanaceae flowers: pollination and reward perception

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Peter Kevan

2013-10-01

Full Text Available The foraging behaviour of pollinators can influence their efficiency in pollinating certain plant species. Improving our understanding of this behaviour can contribute to an improvement of management techniques to avoid pollination deficits. We investigated the relationship between the number of visits of bumble bees (Bombus impatiensto tomato flowers (Lycopersicon esculentum and two variables related to the quality of the resulting fruits (weight, number of seeds, as well as the relationship between foragers’ thoracic weights, physical characteristics of thoracic vibrations (main frequency, velocity amplitude, amount of pollen removed from flowers, and the quality-related variables. In addition, we studied the capability of foragers to assess the availability of pollen in flowers. Tomato weight and seed number did not increase with the number of bee visits, neither were they correlated with the foragers’ thorax weight. Thorax weight also did not correlate with the amount of pollen removed from the flowers nor with the physical characteristics of vibration. Vibration characteristics did not change in response to the amount of pollen available on tomato flowers. Instead, foragers adjusted the time spent visiting the flowers, spending fewer time on flowers from which some pollen had already been removed on previous visits. The quantity and the production-related variables of tomatoes are not dependent on the number of bee visits (usually one visit suffices for full pollination; bigger foragers are not more efficient in pollinating tomato flowers than smaller ones; and B. impatiens foragers are capable of evaluating the amount of pollen on a flower while foraging and during pollination.

Controle automático do fluxo de água na etapa de limpeza em unidades de beneficiamento de tomate de mesa Automatic control of water sistems in the cleaning step in fresh market tomato packing units

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Marcos D. Ferreira

2011-10-01

Full Text Available A água é um recurso cada vez mais escasso e também de alto custo em várias regiões. O beneficiamento de frutas e hortaliças, em geral, apresenta elevado consumo de água durante o processo de limpeza. A linha de beneficiamento e de classificação do tomate de mesa é constituída de: recebimento, limpeza, seleção, classificação e embalagem. Normalmente, o recebimento dos tomates em uma linha de beneficiamento ocorre com taxa de alimentação constante, porém com interrupções frequentes dos operadores, ocasionando desperdício de energia e água, e a eficiência de limpeza dos frutos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar um sistema de limpeza dos frutos, equipado com um controle automático de fluxo de água, visando ao uso racional de água. Para a avaliação da eficiência do processo de limpeza, aplicou-se uma metodologia que utiliza o turbidímetro. Observou-se que o índice de limpeza foi, segundo critérios estatísticos, semelhante nos sistemas automatizado e tradicional, todavia o consumo de água no sistema automatizado foi quatro vezes inferior quando comparado ao sistema tradicional, indicando o potencial de aplicação comercial deste sistema.Water is a natural resource becoming scarce in many regions. Cleaning fruits and vegetables, generally demands high water consumption. A fresh market tomato packing-line is composed of: receiving, cleaning, sorting, classifying and packing. Normally, the receiving process for tomatoes in a packing line happens in a constant flow, however often interruptions of operators cause loss of water, energy and also fruits cleaning efficiency. The main goal of this study was to develop an automation system for cleaning fruits, with a rational water use. For evaluating cleaning efficiency it was developed a methodology using a turbidimiter. The results showed that the cleaning efficiency index was statistically similar between the two systems; however, water consumption for the automated

2692-IJBCS-Article-Dr Serigne Modou Sarr

African Journals Online (AJOL)

hp

enroulement des feuilles de tomate (Solanum lycopersicum L.) appelé Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus (TYLCV). L'objectif de ce travail était d'identifier les différentes espèces d'aleurodes présentes dans les cultures de tomate de la zone des.

SELECTION AND in vitro REGENERATION OF SOMACLONES OF TREE TOMATO (Solanum betacea cav. Sendt) USING CULTURE FILTRATES OF Colletotrichum acutatum WITH PECTINASA ACTIVITY

OpenAIRE

Patiño Torres, Carlos; Hoyos Sánchez, Rodrigo; Afanador Kafuri, Lucía

2007-01-01

Se utilizaron filtrados de cultivo de Colletotrichum acutatum, agente causal de la antracnosis del tomate de árbol, para la selección in vitro de variantes somaclonales de ésta planta con resistencia potencial a la enfermedad. El filtrado, utilizado a varias concentraciones, demostró ser un agente de selección efectivo cuando se integró al medio de cultivo, pues causó niveles elevados de mortalidad de los explantes comparado con los tratamientos sin filtrado. Igualmente, se estudió el efecto ...

Communication Dependent Control of Multi-Vehicle Formations

Science.gov (United States)

2016-05-11

On Maximizing the Second Smallest Eigen- value of a State-Dependent Graph Laplacian,” IEEE Transactions on Au- tomatic Control, vol. 51, no. 1, pp...Collective Motion With Limited Communication,” IEEE Transactions on Au- tomatic Control, vol. 53, no. 3, pp. 706–719, 2008. [Online]. Available: http

Polyhydroxyalcanoates of strains of Azospirillum spp. isolated of roots of Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. “tomato” and Oryza sativa L. “rice” in Lambayeque

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Katty Baca

2010-12-01

Full Text Available In this work was determined the concentration of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs of Azospirillum strains isolated from roots of Lycopersicon esculentum Mill "tomato" and Oryza sativa L. "rice" as an alternative to accumulation of petroleum-based plastics. Previously disinfected root were plated in Nfb semisolid medium where nitrogen-fixing bacteria were recognized by a whitish film on the surface and turn from green to blue. The genus Azospirillum was identified in Congo red agar medium, obtained 96 isolates of A. lipoferum and A. brasilense on tomato and rice. Batch fermentation was performed with broth Azotobacter modified feeding a saturated solution of malic acid every 12 hours and were stained with Sudan Black B. Strains were selected with the greatest number of PHAs granules (in tomato, 18 of A. lipoferum and 2 of A. brasilense; in rice, 10 of A. lipoferum and 10 of A. brasilense and quantified the biomass and PHAs. PHAs concentration reached 0.661 gL-1 in A. lipoferum KM(T-73 and 0.738 gL-1 in A. brasilense KM(T-19, both isolated from tomato. Strains of A. lipoferum and A. brasilense isolated from tomato reached a higher concentration of biomass and PHAs against the strains of rice.

Effect of Simulated Acid Rain on the Germination, Growth, Elements, Protein and Photosynthetic Pigments Contents in Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum

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M. Askary

2014-04-01

Full Text Available Uncontrolled use of fossil fuels in industries and the transport sector has led to an increase in concentrations of gaseous pollutants such as sulphur dioxide (SO2, nitrogen dioxide (NO2 and their derivatives and ozone (O3. In addition to dry and wet deposition of these gases has been the major route of influx in ionic form into the ecosystem. This investigation was evaluated the effects of simulated acid rain (SAR with different pH (6.8 as control, 6.5, 6, 5.5, 5, 4.5, 4, 3.5, 3 and 2.5 on germination, growth, elements, protein, photosynthetic pigments contents of Lycopersicon esculentum in hydroponic culture. Experiments were conducted at research laboratory of arak university in summer of 1391. Results were showed that from pH=6.8 until pH=5/5 significantly increased P and K and protein content, root and shoot dry and wet weight. SAR exposure with high acidity (pH=5/5 until pH=2.5 significantly suppressed germination, growth index, measured elements as P and K, protein and photosynthetic pigments, while significant increased sulphur contect from 150% to 550% compared to controls. Maximal amounts sulphur were measured in pH=2/5. Acid rain in low pH were decrease plant growth and make protein and incearsed sulphur content in leaf. As regards, low acidity promoted the growth of tomato plants and high acidity inhibit, Therefore, it is recommended that tomato plants cultures in soils with low acidity.

INFLUÊNCIA DO ESTÁDIO DE MATURAÇÃO E DA COBERTURA COM POLIETILENO NA CONSERVAÇÃO DE TOMATES FRIGORIFICADOS

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R.A KLUGE

1996-01-01

Full Text Available O efeito do estádio de maturação (verde, rosa e vermelho e da embalagem (com polietileno perfurado, com polietileno selado e sem polietileno sobre a conservação por refrigeração de tomates `Santa Clara', foi estudado em frutos armazenados por 7, 14 e 21 dias a 13 ± 0,5oC e 80 ± 10% UR (+ 2 dias de comercialização simulada sob temperatura ambiente. A coloração dos frutos aumentou ao longo do armazenamento e comercialização para os três estádios, independente da embalagem utilizada. O uso de sacos de polietileno, principalmente selado, foi importante para a redução das perdas de peso dos frutos, não havendo efeito do estádio de maturação sobre esta variável. As podridões aumentaram substancialmente aos 21 dias de armazenamento para os estádios rosa e vermelho.The effects of ripening stages (green, pink and red and packing (polyethylene tighted, polyethylene with holes and without polyethylene were studied on tomatoes `Santa Clara', stored for 7, 14 and 21 days at 13 ± 0,5oC and 80 ± 10% RH (+ 2 days of marketing simulation. The colour of fruits increased during cold storage and marketing for three ripening stages without packing effect. The use of polyethylene bags principally sealed was important for the reduction of fruit weight loss and there was no effect of ripening stages on this parameter. The decay of fruits increased substancially after 21 days for pink and red ripening stages.

Effects of Different Sources of Nutrition on Quantitative and Qualitative Characteristics of Lycopersicon esculentum under Ecological Cropping System

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M.B. Amiri

2016-02-01

Full Text Available Introduction: Increasing usage of chemical fertilizers imposes irreparable damages to the environment. Disadvantages of chemical fertilizers has led to more attention to the application of organic fertilizers and manures. The use of organic fertilizers and livestock, especially in nutrient poor soils, it is necessary to maintain soil quality. Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR occupy the rhizosphere of many plant species and have beneficial effects on the host plant. They may influence the plant in a direct or indirect manner. A direct mechanism would be to increase plant growth by supplying the plant with nutrients and hormones. Indirect mechanisms on the otherhand, include, reduced susceptibility to diseases, and activing a form of defese referred to as induces systematic resistance. Examples of bacteria which have been found to enhance plant growth, include Pseudomonas, Enterobacter and Arthrobacter. Biofertilizers contain organic compounds that increase soil fertility either directly or as a result of their decay (9, 10. Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L. belongs to the nightshade family, Solanaceae. The plant typically grow 1-3 meters in height and a weak stem. It is a perennial in its native habitat, although often grown outdoors in temperate climates as an annual. An average common tomato weighs approximately 100 grams. Tomatoes contain the carotene lycopene, one of the most powerful natural antioxidants. In some studies, lycopene, especially in cooked tomatoes, has been found to help prevent prostate cancer. Lycopene has also been shown to improve the skin’s ability to protect against harmful UV rays. Tomatoes might help in managing human neurodegenerative diseases. The lycopene has no effect on the risk of developing diabetes, but may help relieve the oxidative stress of people who already have diabetes. The purpose of this study was the possibility of replacing chemical fertilizers with biofertilizers, reducing production

Effects of irradiation-degradated chitosan coating on quality and shelf-life of the fruits of Shatang Mandarin, Fortunella Margariat (LOUR) swingle and Lycopersicon Esculentum MILL. var. cerasiforme alef

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Chen Hao; Gao Peng; Gao Ya; Yang Zhirong; Sun Qun

2008-01-01

Effects of irradiation-degradated chiotosan of different molecular weight on weight loss, rotting rate, total acid, soluble solid content, and ascorbic acid in Shatang mandarin, Fortunella margarita (lour) Swingle, and Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. var. cerasiforme Alef during storage were investigated. The result showed that, compared to control, all chitosan treatment could significantly reduce weight loss and rotting rate, and maintain the content of total acid, soluble solid, and ascorbic acid. After 18 days of storage, treatment of chitosan with molecular weight of 6.6 x 10 4 Da showed the highest capability of decreasing the rotting rate in S. mandarin, F. margarita, L. esculentum by 71.11%, 66.01% and 70.22%, respectively; increasing total acid by 55.60%, 36.75% and 36.68%, soluble solid content by 49.06%, 25.75% and 49.46%, and ascorbic acid by 42.80%, 41.65% and 51.70%, respectively. Accordingly, irradiation-degradated chitosan coating could effectively prevent the rotting rate and preserve the quality of the three kinds of fruit during storage and thus prolong their shelf life to 18 days. (authors)

Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy of genomic DNA from in vitro grown tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) cultivars before and after plant cryopreservation.

Science.gov (United States)

Muntean, Cristina M; Leopold, Nicolae; Tripon, Carmen; Coste, Ana; Halmagyi, Adela

2015-06-05

In this work the surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectra of five genomic DNAs from non-cryopreserved control tomato plants (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. cultivars Siriana, Darsirius, Kristin, Pontica and Capriciu) respectively, have been analyzed in the wavenumber range 400-1800 cm(-1). Structural changes induced in genomic DNAs upon cryopreservation were discussed in detail for four of the above mentioned tomato cultivars. The surface-enhanced Raman vibrational modes for each of these cases, spectroscopic band assignments and structural interpretations of genomic DNAs are reported. We have found, that DNA isolated from Siriana cultivar leaf tissues suffers the weakest structural changes upon cryogenic storage of tomato shoot apices. On the contrary, genomic DNA extracted from Pontica cultivar is the most responsive system to cryopreservation process. Particularly, both C2'-endo-anti and C3'-endo-anti conformations have been detected. As a general observation, the wavenumber range 1511-1652 cm(-1), being due to dA, dG and dT residues seems to be influenced by cryopreservation process. These changes could reflect unstacking of DNA bases. However, not significant structural changes of genomic DNAs from Siriana, Darsirius and Kristin have been found upon cryopreservation process of tomato cultivars. Based on this work, specific plant DNA-ligand interactions or accurate local structure of DNA in the proximity of a metallic surface, might be further investigated using surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Passivity-Based Automated Design of Stable Multi-Feedback Distributed Power Delivery Systems

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2017-03-01

power ility criterion tomated desi designing a shown in Fig gulator is syn ogy and desig is used durin ber and lo upplies in th stem. During livery...Nu co ,736 318 578 776 ng scenario i y system. Th ted system i rent loads. I power supplie ocation of th fies the qualit the distribute tomated

Emissão e expansão foliar em três genótipos de tomateiro (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. Leaf emergence and expansion in three tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. genotypes

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Carina Rejane Pivetta

2007-10-01

Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho foi estimar o filocrono na haste principal e em hastes laterais de primeira ordem e estimar a área foliar a partir do número de folhas em três genótipos de tomateiro cultivados em estufa plástica. Um experimento foi conduzido em estufa plástica na área experimental do Departamento de Fitotecnia da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS. Foram utilizados três genótipos de tomate: "Kátia", "Durino" e "Emperor". O transplante das mudas com 3-4 folhas definitivas foi realizado em 31/10/2005. O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos ao acaso com quatro repetições, compostas de duas fileiras de oito plantas. Em seis plantas de cada repetição foram realizadas observações do número de folhas na haste principal e em hastes laterais de primeira ordem e em duas plantas de cada repetição foram medidos o comprimento e a largura das folhas na haste principal. O filocrono foi estimado pelo inverso do coeficiente angular da regressão linear entre o número de folhas acumuladas na haste e a soma térmica acumulada após o transplante. O filocrono da haste principal foi menor do que o filocrono das hastes laterais de primeira ordem. A área foliar do tomateiro em uma haste pode ser estimada através do número de folhas acumuladas nesta haste.This study was aimed at estimating the phyllochron on the main stem and on first order lateral branches, and estimate leaf area from leaf number in three tomato genotypes grown inside a plastic green-house. An experiment was conducted inside a plastic greenhouse at the experimental area of the Plant Science Department of the Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil. Three tomato genotypes were used: 'Kátia', 'Durino', and 'Emperor'. Three to four-leaf seedlings were transplanted on 10/31/2005. The experimental design was a complete randomized block with four replications composed of two 8-plants rows. The number of leaves on the main stem and

Producción in vitro de pectinasas por Colletotrichum acutatum In vitro production of pectinases by Colletotrichum acutatum

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Carlos Patiño Torres

2010-01-01

Full Text Available Los hongos del género Colletotrichum son reconocidos productores de sustancias fifitotóxicas de bajo peso molecular y de enzimas que juegan papeles clave en su interacción patogénica con varios cultivos. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo determinar la naturaleza de las sustancias fitotóxicas producidas por C. acutatum en los medios de cultivo líquido Czapeck-Dox, Fries y MS, que estuviesen implicados en su interacción patogénica con el tomate de árbol (Solanum betaceae. Los procedimientos y resultados de la evaluación permitieron descartar que la actividad fitotóxica observada sobre los frutos de tomate inoculados con los extractos de los medios de cultivo se debiera a metabolitos de bajo peso molecular. Por el contrario, utilizando la prueba de placa de pozos (Dingle et al., 1953 se estableció que C. acutatum produce en los medios de cultivo evaluados enzimas con actividad pectinasa, tanto liasas como hidrolasas, las cuales podrían estar implicadas en la enfermedad de la antracnosis del tomate de árbol. Los resultados demostraron además que la producción de las enzimas se ve influenciada por el pH del medio de cultivo.The fungi of gender Colletotrichum are producers of phytotoxic substances of low molecular weight and enzymes, which can to play crucial roles in their pathogenic relations with many commercial crops. This study was realized for to determine the type of the substances produced by C. acutatum in the Czapeck-Dox’s, Fries’s and MS’s culture medium, substances that have roles in the pathogenic relations with tamarillo (Solanum betaceae. The procedures and results of the evaluation allowed us to discard that phytotoxic activity on tamarillo fruits inoculated with extracts to be low molecular weight metabolites. Utilizing the cup-plate asay (Dingle et al., 1953, we to establish what in vitro, C. acutatum produced enzymes like pectinases (poligalacturonases and pectyn lyases, whose action can to be implied in the

Evaluación y selección de un protocolo para la regeneración in vitro de la variedad de tomate Unapal-Arreboles Evaluation and selection of a protocol for in vitro regeneration of tomato variety Unapal-Arreboles

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Hernando Ramírez

2009-01-01

Full Text Available Se compararon tres medios de cultivo para seleccionar el apropiado para la regeneración in vitro de la variedad de tomate UNAPAL-Arreboles. Se evaluó la producción de callos/explante, brotes/explante y plántulas /explante. El análisis de varianza y la prueba de Duncan permitieron concluir que el medio M3 presentó los mejores promedios para las variables evaluadas.The main objective of this research was to carried out the comparison of three culture medium of major use for in vitro regeneration of tomato, to select the more appropriate medium for in vitro regeneration of tomato, variety UNAPAL-Arreboles. The analysis of variance and media comparison was made based on the callus, shoots and plantlets production. The highest efficiency of callus, shoots and plantlets production was obtained with the M3 media.

EFFECT OF DIFFERENT COVER CROP RESIDUES, MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ON SOIL MOISTURE CONTENT UNDER A TOMATO CROP (LYCOPERSICON ESCULENTUM

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George Njomo Karuku

2014-12-01

Full Text Available SUMMARYThe soil water storage, soil water content, available water content and soil water balance under various cover crop residue management practices in a Nitisol were evaluated in a field experiment at the Kabete Field Station, University of Nairobi. The effects of surface mulching, above and below ground biomass and roots only incorporated of (mucuna pruriens, Tanzanian sunnhemp (Crotalaria ochroleuca and Vetch (Vicia benghalensis cover crops, fertilizer and non fertilized plots on soil water balance were studied. Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum was used as the test crop. Since water content was close to field capacity, the drainage component at 100 cm soil depth was negligible and evapotranspiration was therefore derived from the change in soil moisture storage and precipitation. Residue management showed that above and below ground biomass incorporated optimized the partitioning of the water balance components, increasing moisture storage, leading to increased tomato yields and water use efficiency. Furthermore, vetch above and below ground biomass incorporated significantly improved the quantity and frequency of deep percolation. Soil fertilization (F and non fertilization (NF caused the most unfavourable partitioning of water balance, leading to the lowest yield and WUE. Tomato yields ranged from 4.1 in NF to 7.4 Mg ha-1 in Vetch treated plots. Vetch above and belowground biomass incorporated had significant (p ≤ 0.1 yields of 11.4 Mg ha-1 compared to all other residue management systems. Vetch residue treatment had the highest WUE (22.7 kg mm-1 ha-1 followed by mucuna treated plots (20.7 kg mm-1 ha-1 and both were significantly different (p ≤ 0.05 compared to the others irrespective of residue management practices.

From where we intervene when we intervene? The case of the "Tomato Platense Project" ¿Desde dónde intervenimos cuando intervenimos? El caso del "proyecto Tomate Platense"

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Juan José Garat

2012-01-01

Full Text Available This work proposes a critical thought on an intervention experience [the "tomato platense" project] in which the authors of this article have participated since its beginning. Such thought implies to put in evidence and discussion, the "what" and the "how" of the intervention for rural development. For this, we work the concepts of: models of development and intervention, technology, hegemony and family farming; and we propose at the same time, a case study methodological strategy. Subsequently, we carry out a description of the intervention process, identifying stages and highlighting aspects that we consider significant. In that regard we envision a process of legitimization of an alternative proposal, which means in a sense a break-up of the technology spiral dominant present in horticultural belt of La Plata. The initial formulation of the proposal arises from a diagnosis made in Cabinet, in the Faculty of Agricultural and Forest Sciences of the UNLP, which has a later participatory becoming, involving partial and periodic reformulation of the initial proposalEste trabajo se propone una reflexión crítica sobre una experiencia de intervención [El Proyecto Tomate Platense] en la que los autores de este artículo hemos participado desde su comienzo. Dicha reflexión implica poner en evidencia y en discusión, el qué y el cómo de la intervención para el desarrollo rural. Para esto, trabajamos los conceptos de: modelos de desarrollo e intervención, tecnología, hegemonía y agricultura familiar; y planteamos a su vez como estrategia metodológica, al estudio de caso. Posteriormente, realizamos una descripción del proceso de la intervención, identificando etapas y poniendo en relieve aspectos que consideramos significativos. En ese sentido visualizamos un proceso de legitimación de una propuesta alternativa, que implica en un sentido un quiebre del espiral tecnológico dominante presente en el cinturón hortícola de La Plata. La

Des pratiques culturales influent sur les attaques de deux ravageurs ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

La culture de tomate est attaquée par plusieurs ravageurs dont Helicoverpa armigera et Tuta absoluta. Dans le but d'évaluer l'effet des pratiques culturales de la tomate sur ces principaux ravageurs dans les Niayes (Sénégal), un échantillonnage de 98 parcelles est effectué, sur quatre cycles de culture en saison sèche, de ...

Generación de anticuerpos policlonales para la detección de la variante genotípica GIII de PVY, en cultivos de tomate de árbol y papa de Colombia

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Yuliana Gallo García

2012-01-01

Full Text Available Título en ingles: Generation of policlonal antibodies for detection of the PVY genotypic variant GIII in tamarillo and potato crops from Colombia Resumen: El potyvirus PVY es uno de los agentes causales más frecuentemente asociados a problemas virales en cultivos de papa y tomate de árbol en Colombia. Dada la importancia económica de las enfermedades causadas por PVY y a la necesidad de generar material de siembra certificado por su sanidad viral, es fundamental la generación de herramientas de diagnóstico que permitan la detección temprana de este virus. En este trabajo se reporta la obtención de anticuerpos policlonales específicos, útiles para la detección del genotipo III de PVY (GIII, una de las tres variantes que recientemente han sido reportadas en cultivos de papa y tomate de árbol de la región Andina de Colombia. Como antígeno, se utilizó un péptido sintético diseñado a partir de la región variable del extremo N-terminal del gen de la cápside viral. La sensibilidad de los anticuerpos fue evaluada mediante pruebas de ELISA y dot-blot utilizando péptidos sintéticos. Se realizó una prueba piloto para validar el uso de los anticuerpos a partir de plantas sintomáticas y asintomáticas obtenidas de una región donde confluyen cultivos de ambas solanáceas, encontrándose que los anticuerpos generados ofrecen mayores niveles de detección que los anticuerpos comerciales comúnmente utilizados para detectar los serotipos PVY-O,C y PVY-N de este virus. Palabras clave: anticuerpos policlonales; ELISA; potyvirus; RT-PCR; virus Y de la papa Abstract: PVY is one of the potyvirus more frequently associated with viral infections in tomato and tamarillo crops in Colombia. Due to the economic impact of PVY and the need to certify seeds as virus-free it is important to develop diagnostic tools that allow its premature detection. In this work, the obtention of antibodies detecting the genotype III of PVY is reported. This genotype

DIAGNOSTICO AMBIENTAL Y VALORACIÓN DE LOS RECURSOS PARA FINES TURÍSTICOS DE LOS ECOSISTEMAS DE MANGLAR EN LA BAHÍA DE BANDERAS, MÉXICO.

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Cruz Romero Bartolo

2013-06-01

Full Text Available Mediante una “Lista de chequeo” se establece el diagnóstico ambiental de los sistemas estuarinos de la Bahía de Banderas: El Salado, Boca Negra – Boca de Tomates y El Quelele; y se identifican los principales factores de presión ambiental en cada sistema. Los elementos ambientales considerados fueron el suelo, agua, aire, flora, fauna y paisaje. Los resultados indican que el paisaje de estos sistemas, ha perdido su calidad original y las principales causas han sido el cambio de uso de suelo y el desarrollo urbano y turístico mal planeado. Respecto a la valoración de los recursos (naturales y artificiales, con potencial turístico para cada sistema, se determinó bajo la metodología de “Inventario de recursos”; propuesta por Leno (1993. La valoración de recursos en los tres sistemas estuarinos El Salado, Boca Negra – Boca de Tomates y El Quelele; nos muestra que todos los recursos potenciales se encuentran en conjunto lo cual les otorga un valor más elevado respecto a la metodología utilizada, esto no limita las áreas solo al avistamiento y visita de los recursos con mayor jerarquía como las aves, cangrejos, flora, canales navegables, torres de observación y senderos elevados. Al contrario, se considera que el conjunto de todos los recursos con potencial turístico son susceptibles de aprovechamiento bajo esquemas de sustentabilidad mediante programas de turismo asociado a la naturaleza.

Effects of different types and rates of organic manures on Egyptian broomrape (Orobanche aegyptiaca Perss. control in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.

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K. Orooji

2016-05-01

Full Text Available In order to study the effect of different types and rates of animal manure and spent mushroom compost on controlling Egyptian broomrape (Orobanche aegyptiaca Perss. in tomato (Mill. Lycopersicon esculentum, two studies were conducted on randomized complete block design with three replications at Research green house, College of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad and Nemooneh field of Astane Ghods Razavi during two years of 2009 and 2010. Greenhouse study treatments were consist of poultry, cow, sheep manure and spent mushroom compost, which each one applied at four rates (10, 20, 30 and 40 t.ha-1. Field experiment treatments were included of poultry, cow and sheep manure that each one applied at two rates (20 and 40 t.ha-1. Result of the greenhouse study indicated that poultry manure significantly reduced orobanch infestation and increase tomato dry weight compared to control. But in the field experiment, the maximum fruit yield (68 t.ha-1 with the minimum orobanch dry weight were obtained with sheep manure. The effect of cow manure was similar to poultry manure in all measured traits. In the field study, rates of manure application had no significant effect on orobanch fresh and dry weights. The findings indicated that all treatments of animal manure reduced orobanch infestation. But the mechanism of orobanch growth suppression due to animal manures application is unknown. It seems fermentation of different organic matters can produced heat and the resulting toxic compounds such as certain organic acids, ammonia and ammonium salts that may reduce orobanch growth at proper concentrations.

The effect of the lenght of storage on the amount of lycopene in the fruits of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.

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Anton Uher

2008-01-01

Full Text Available We focused on tomatoes for industrial processing due to its economical importance for its lycopene content. The objective of our research is to find the variation of lycopene content in tomato fruits depending upon the length of after harvest storage and thermic treatment, which is inevitable when being industrialy processed. From the point of view of nutritional qualities the most relevant contentual substance of tomatos are carotenoids, included lycopene.At average for tree following experimental years we learnt significant differences regarding the content of lycopene and the length of storage of tomato fruits. Immediately after the harvest and proccesing tomato fruits contained, at average for tree years, 103.24 mg of lycopene. After 14 days the content of lycopene declined to 46.76 mg . kg−1 of fresh mass. After 30 days the average value dropped to 29.26 mg . kg−1. This fact comfirms that boiling respectively thermic treatment increases the content of lycopene in tomato fruits, particulary in our experiment to the value 83.33 mg . kg−1. At varieties Ladislav, Peto 86, Prémium, Salus the content of lycopene has even risen in comparison with its content up to 48 hours after the harvest. Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L. belongs to the most signifficant vegetable varieties either for its exploitation in processing industry as well as for its nutritional value with extraordinary beneficial effect for human organism.Although the content of lycopene is genetically stable attribute, its content in our experiment ranged from 45.39 mg . kg−1 (Prémium variety to 77.98 mg . kg−1 (Zámčan variety, which are significant differences.

Efficiency of local Indonesia honey bees (Apis cerana L.) and stingless bee (Trigona iridipennis) on tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) pollination.

Science.gov (United States)

Putra, Ramadhani Eka; Kinasih, Ida

2014-01-01

Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is considered as one of major agricultural commodity of Indonesia farming. However, monthly production is unstable due to lack of pollination services. Common pollinator agent of tomatoes is bumblebees which is unsuitable for tropical climate of Indonesia and the possibility of alteration of local wild plant interaction with their pollinator. Indonesia is rich with wild bees and some of the species already domesticated for years with prospect as pollinating agent for tomatoes. This research aimed to assess the efficiency of local honey bee (Apis cerana L.) and stingless bee (Trigona iridipennis), as pollinator of tomato. During this research, total visitation rate and total numbers of pollinated flowers by honey bee and stingless bee were compared between them with bagged flowers as control. Total fruit production, average weight and size also measured in order to correlated pollination efficiency with quantity and quality of fruit produced. Result of this research showed that A. cerana has slightly higher rate of visitation (p>0.05) and significantly shorter handling time (p tomato flowers. However, honey bee pollinated tomato flowers more efficient pollinator than stingless bee (80.3 and 70.2% efficiency, respectively; p tomatoes were similar (p>0.05). Based on the results, it is concluded that the use of Apis cerana and Trigona spp., for pollinating tomatoes in tropical climates could be an alternative to the use of non-native Apis mellifera and bumblebees (Bombus spp.). However, more researches are needed to evaluate the cost/benefit on large-scale farming and greenhouse pollination using both bees against other bee species and pollination methods.

The life cycle and yielding of Lycopersicon esculentum L. (Mill) pretreated with deuterium depleted water and nano magnetic particles

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Butnaru, Gallia; Butnariu, Horia; Titescu, Gh.; Stefanescu, I.

2010-01-01

The main goal of this investigation was to reveal the effect of deuterium depleted water (DDW) upon the first (germination) and the last one (yield) life cycle of Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. (tomatoes) in water stress condition. Specifically, growth methods were applied. The obtained data were statistically processed (Ceapoiu, 1968). There were pointed out the differences and proportionality in germination dynamics when the seeds were pretreated with DDW and a mixture of DDW with NMP (Nano Magnetic Particles). The descendants of different fruits/plants were analyzed. In comparison to Control (H 2 O-d) in DDW the germination was repressed in one descendant (4.4%) or contrary it was stimulated on other descendant (12.7%). In presence of NMP suspended in DDW, the seed indices were higher: 13.1% for the basal fruit and 22% for the upper one. In the plants cultivated in water well supplied or under water stress conditions the yield was higher i.e. 94.68 t/ha and 62.76 t/ha, respectively. The difference of 31.92 t/ha emphasizes the favorable effect of initial treatment. The DDW pretreatment induced favorable biological effects expressed in a high yield in both groups (normal and stressed). The average yield/surface unit was the highest. The life cycle was prolonged in high yielding descendants. In their case after 105 days only 2% of total yield was gathered. Short phenophases developed the stressed plants. The maturity took place earlier on stressed plants yielding 8% from total production after 105 days.The pretreatment with DDW or DDW and NMPs is useful for practical purposes in case of tomatoes varieties in which technology nursery transplant is an important stage in cultivation. (authors)

Purification of extensin from cell walls of tomato (hybrid of Lycopersicon esculentum and L. peruvianum) cells in suspension culture.

Science.gov (United States)

Brownleader, M D; Dey, P M

1993-01-01

Extensin, a hydroxyproline-rich glycoprotein comprising substantial amounts of beta-L-arabinose-hydroxyproline glycosidic linkages is believed to be insolubilized in the cell wall during host-pathogen interaction by a peroxidase/hydroperoxide-mediated cross-linking process. Both extensin precursor and extensin peroxidase were ionically eluted from intact water-washed tomato (hybrid of Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. and L. peruvianum L. (Mill.) cells in suspension cultures and purified to homogeneity by a rapid and simple procedure under mild and non-destructive experimental conditions. The molecular weight of native extensin precursor was estimated to be greater than 240-300 kDa by Superose-12 gel-filtration chromatography. Extensin monomers have previously been designated a molecular weight of approximately 80 kDa. Our results indicate that salt-eluted extensin precursor is not monomeric. Agarose-gel electrophoresis, Superose-12-gel-filtration, extensin-peroxidase-catalysed cross-linking, Mono-S ion-exchange fast protein liquid chromatography (FPLC), and peptide-sequencing data confirmed the homogeneity of the extensin preparation. Evidence that the purified protein was extensin is attributed to the presence of the putative sequence motif--Ser (Hyp)4--within the N-terminal end of the protein. Treatment of extensin with trifluoroacetic acid demonstrated that arabinose was the principal carbohydrate. The amino-acid composition of the purified extensin was similar to those reported in the literature. The cross-linking of extensin in vitro upon incubation with extensin peroxidase and exogenous H2O2 was characteristic of other reported extensins. Furthermore, Mono-S ion-exchange FPLC of native extensin precursor resolved it into two isoforms, A (90%) and B (10%). The amino-acid compositions of extensin A and extensin B were found to be similar to each other and both extensins were cross-linked in vitro by extensin peroxidase.

Avaliação de substratos para a produção de mudas de tomate e pepino

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Luiz Antonio de Mendonça Costa

2013-10-01

Full Text Available Objetivou-se, com este trabalho, avaliar mudas de pepino e de tomateiro em relação a diferentes composições de substratos orgânicos, formulados com composto de resíduos do abate de aves, podas de árvores e areia. Os experimentos foram realizados em bandejas com 200 células, em blocos casualizados. Para mudas de tomateiro, os tratamentos foram: T0 (Plantmax® HT; T1 (composto; T2 (composto + areia, proporção 3:1 peso; T3 (composto + areia, proporção 1:1 peso e T4 (composto + areia, proporção 1:3 peso. Para mudas de pepino, os tratamentos foram: T0 (Plantmax® HA e as mesmas composições de substratos orgânicos adotadas para as de tomate. Avaliaram-se a emergência de plântulas (EP, o comprimento de raiz (CR, a massa seca de raiz (MSR e da parte aérea (MSPA. Os substratos T0 e T4, que proporcionaram emergência rápida das plântulas de tomateiro, propiciaram maior CR. Mas os valores de CR nesses subtratos não diferiram daqueles observados em T2 e T3, aos 20 dias após a emergência (DAE. Houve aumento da MSPA do tomateiro, cultivado em T4, em relação à dos cultivados em T0 e T3. A MSR do tomateiro, em T2, T3 e T4, foi superior à observada em T0 e T1. Para a MSPA do pepino, aos 30 DAE, houve acúmulo de massa seca das plantas cultivadas em T3 e T4, em relação à dos tratamentos T0 e T1. Em relação à MSR, os substratos à base de composto proporcionaram resultados superiores aos de T0, destacando-se T3 e T4. Assim, para produção de mudas de pepino, recomendam-se os substratos T3 e T4 e, para tomateiro, o substrato T4.

Isolation, in vitro culture, ultrastructure study, and characterization by lectin-agglutination tests of Phytomonas isolated from tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum) and cherimoyas (Anona cherimolia) in southeastern Spain.

Science.gov (United States)

Sanchez-Moreno, M; Fernandez-Becerra, C; Mascaro, C; Rosales, M J; Dollet, M; Osuna, A

1995-01-01

Plants of Lycopersicon esculentum (grown in greenhouses) and Anona cherimolia cultivated in southeastern Spain were examined for the presence of trypanosomatid flagellates. Kinetoplastid protozoa were found in the fruits but not in the phloem or other plant tissues. Parasites were detected from the onset of fruiting. Isolates were detected from the onset of fruiting. Isolates were adapted to in vitro culturing in monophase media. The form and the structural organization was studied by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The parasites showed an ultrastructural pattern similar to that of other species of the genus Phytomonas. In tomatoes experimentally inoculated with flagellates cultivated in vitro, we observed that the parasites did not lose their infectious capacity. Three strains of trypanosomatids of the genus Phytomonas, isolated from different species of Euphorbia (E. characias and E. hyssopifolia) and from Cocos nucifera, were compared with our isolates by lectin-agglutination tests. Our isolates were different from the two strains isolated from Euphorbia, but with this technique we could not differentiate our isolates from those of the coconut, nor could we differentiate between the isolates, their ultrastructural similarity together with their similar behavior in the lectin-agglutination test suggesting that these isolates have a common origin.

Proyección para la instalación de una empresa de servicios agrícolas y administrativos en Manabí

OpenAIRE

Balarezo Beltrón, Carlos Oswaldo; Bravo Macías, Columba Consuelon; Zamora Cusme, Jessenia Aracely; Zambrano Delgado, Jenny Isabel; Montesdeoca Calderón, María Gabriela

2016-01-01

La investigación se realizó en los cantones Bolívar, Chone y Tosagua. El objetivo fue establecer la proyección de implantación de una empresa de servicios agrícolas y administrativos. La metodología se dividió en cuatro etapas: diagnóstico, análisis estratégico, programa de asistencia y socialización. Entre los principales cultivos de la zona se encontraron al cacao, tomate y plátano. Se determinó que problemas de sanidad vegetal, como hongos e insectos fueron los más importantes. La mayoría ...

Propuesta de medio de cultivo para el estudio de Phytophthora Nicotianae Breda de Haan

OpenAIRE

Vaillant Flores, Daymara I; González García, Marleny; Ramírez Ochoa, Rebeca

2013-01-01

El género Phytophthora representa un grupo difícil de aislar y conservar. Por lo que se han desarrollado varios medios de cultivo para su estudio. Se propone al medio Agar-tabaco como alternativa para el crecimiento y desarrollo de P. nicotianae. Para realizar este trabajo se emplearon dos cepas: Pp1 y Pp6 aislados de tabaco y piña respectivamente. Ambas se sembraron en discos en agar-tabaco, y se comparó con agar tomate y agar harina de maíz. Se determinó el crecimiento lineal del hongo, las...

Condições de trabalho associadas ao uso de agrotóxicos na cultura de tomate de mesa em Goiás Work conditions associated to the use of pesticides in the tomato crop in Goiás

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Sueli Martins Freitas Alves

2008-12-01

Full Text Available O Estado de Goiás, em 2005 foi o maior produtor de tomate do Brasil. Para garantir a produção e controlar as pragas que atacam essa cultura, o tomaticultor apóia-se em pacotes tecnológicos utilizando a aplicação sistemática de produtos químicos. Objetivou-se, neste trabalho, conhecer o cenário no qual os trabalhadores da cultura de tomate em Goiás estão inseridos. Foram selecionados, por meio de amostragem sistemática, seis municípios: Bonfinópolis, Corumbá de Goiás, Goianápolis, Leopoldo de Bulhões, Pirenópolis e Silvânia. Os dados foram obtidos a partir das visitas de campo realizadas no período de dezembro de 2004 a outubro de 2005 e foram utilizados os seguintes instrumentos: entrevista, questionário proposto aos trabalhadores que manipulam os agrotóxicos e a técnica da observação livre. A partir da análise das informações foi possível concluir que esses trabalhadores estão constantemente expostos aos agrotóxicos e há uma falta de preparo para a manipulação dessas substâncias.In 2005, Goiás state was the greater tomato producer in Brazil. To improve the harvest and to keep the tomato disease under control, the tomato producer makes use of a technological packing kit with systematic application of many chemical substances. The major purpose of this thesis is to describe the daily conditions that the tomato plantation workers are subordinated in Goiás State. The research was obtained through systematic sampling directly in the tomato plantation in a period range from December 2004 to October 2005 in six selected cities: Bonfinópolis, Corumbá de Goiás, Goianápolis, Leopoldo de Bulhoes, Perenópolis, and Silvânia. The data were collected from interview, questionnaire to be answered by the workers that manipulate pesticides, and making register of the facts observed during visitation in the tillage. From the data analysis it is possible to conclude that the tomato tillage workers are exposed for long

Determinação em tempo real da magnitude de danos físicos por impacto em linhas de beneficiamento e em condições de laboratório e seus efeitos na qualidade de tomate Real time determination of physical impact damage in packing lines and under laboratory conditions and its effects in tomato fruits quality

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Marcos D. Ferreira

2009-01-01

Full Text Available O tomate de mesa é uma das principais hortaliças consumidas no Brasil e apresenta elevados índices de perdas pós-colheita. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a magnitude dos impactos verificados em linhas de beneficiamento para tomate de mesa, bem como determinar, em laboratório, as alterações na qualidade de tomates submetidos a danos físicos controlados em diferentes superfícies. Para a avaliação dos pontos críticos e registro da magnitude dos impactos, foi usada uma esfera instrumentada. Os pontos críticos de transferência demonstraram valores de aceleração entre 30 e 129 G (m s-2. Os testes laboratoriais evidenciaram que superfícies acolchoadas reduziram em até 31% a magnitude de impacto. A incidência de danos físicos internos foi crescente e atingiu 79% em superfícies rígidas para a maior altura de queda livre. Por outro lado, observou-se redução na incidência de danos físicos nos frutos quando superfícies protetoras foram utilizadas, verificando-se na altura de 10 cm um limite mínimo de 5% de danos severos, enquanto para superfície rígida o mínimo correspondeu a 10%. As variáveis de qualidade foram alteradas, verificando-se maior perda de massa, maiores valores de acidez total, menores valores de ácido ascórbico e sólidos solúveis para maiores alturas de queda livre sobre superfícies rígidas.Tomatoes are one of the most important vegetable crops grown in Brazil and are among the crops that have one of the highest post-harvest losses indexes in the country. The present work aimed at evaluating impact damage observed in packing lines of fresh tomatoes as well as to determine, under laboratory conditions, quality alterations of tomato fruits submitted to impact damage in different surface types. Critical points evaluation was accomplished using an instrumented sphere. Critical transference points found showed variations in acceleration levels from 30 to 129 G (m s-2. Tests carried out under laboratory

The impact of enhanced atmospheric carbon dioxide on yield, proximate composition, elemental concentration, fatty acid and vitamin C contents of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum).

Science.gov (United States)

Khan, Ikhtiar; Azam, Andaleeb; Mahmood, Abid

2013-01-01

The global average temperature has witnessed a steady increase during the second half of the twentieth century and the trend is continuing. Carbon dioxide, a major green house gas is piling up in the atmosphere and besides causing global warming, is expected to alter the physico-chemical composition of plants. The objective of this work was to evaluate the hypothesis that increased CO(2) in the air is causing undesirable changes in the nutritional composition of tomato fruits. Two varieties of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) were grown in ambient (400 μmol mol(-1)) and elevated (1,000 μmol mol(-1)) concentration of CO(2) under controlled conditions. The fruits were harvested at premature and fully matured stages and analyzed for yield, proximate composition, elemental concentration, fatty acid, and vitamin C contents. The amount of carbohydrates increased significantly under the enhanced CO(2) conditions. The amount of crude protein and vitamin C, two important nutritional parameters, decreased substantially. Fatty acid content showed a mild decrease with a slight increase in crude fiber. Understandably, the effect of enhanced atmospheric CO(2) was more pronounced at the fully matured stage. Mineral contents of the fruit samples changed in an irregular fashion. Tomato fruit has been traditionally a source of vitamin C, under the experimental conditions, a negative impact of enhanced CO(2) on this source of vitamin C was observed. The nutritional quality of both varieties of tomato has altered under the CO(2) enriched atmosphere.

Allelopathic activity of fresh and dry extracts of Stryphnodendron adstringens (Mart. Coville and Bauhinia forficata link leaves on the germination and initial development of tomato seedlings / Atividade alelopática dos extratos fresco e seco de folhas de barbatimão (Stryphnodendron adstringens (Mart. Coville e pata-devaca (Bauhinia forficata link sobre a germinação e desenvolvimento inicial de plântulas de tomate

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Gisela Ferreira

2009-07-01

Full Text Available The objective of this study aimed at the verification of the allelopatic action of extracts of “pata-devaca” (Bauhinia forficata Link and “barbatimão” (Stryphnodendron adstringens (Mart. Coville on seeds of tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill. Tomato seeds placed in translucent “gerbox” were treated with aqueous extracts prepared with fresh and dry leaves of the tested species at the following concentrations: 100%, 75%, 50%, 25%, and 0% (control. The experimental design was completely randomized with five treatments and five replications of 25 seeds per plot per species. The data were submitted to the analysis of variance and the means compared by Tukey test at 5% of probability. Germination percentage, mean time and germination rates (MGT and MGR, and mean of the primary root length were evaluated. No difference was found for germination percentage of tomato seeds for the different extracts. For MGR, all treatments with fresh leaf extract differed from the check. MGT and MGR showed differences among the following dry leaf extracts concentrations: 25%, 75% and 100%. All treatments presented inhibitory effect on the length of the primary root.O trabalho teve por objetivo verificar a ação alelopática de pata-de-vaca (Bauhinia forficata Link, e barbatimão (Stryphnodendron adstringens (Mart. Coville em sementes de tomate (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill. As sementes de tomate foram tratadas com extratos aquosos preparados a partir de folhas frescas e secas das espécies-teste nas concentrações de 100%, 75%, 50%, 25% e 0% (controle e acondicionadas em ‘gerbox’ transparente. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, com cinco tratamentos e cinco repetições de 25 sementes por parcela por espécie-teste. Foram avaliados porcentagem, tempo e velocidade médios de germinação e, comprimento médio de raiz primária. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância e as médias comparadas por Tukey a 5% de

Al-Qurû’ fi Al-Qur’an ‘Inda Al-Anbary fi Al-Adhdâd

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Raushani Azza

2018-03-01

Full Text Available This study examines about the term al-Qurû in the Qur’an. Al-Qurû is one of the most popular discussions among muslim scholars and mufasir, both in terms of language and fiqh. However, there is a bate among muslim scholar and mufasir about the meaning of al-Qurû. It’s because al-Qurû is one of the sentence of al-Adhdâd wich has two meaning, especially in the Qur’an, namely haid (menstruation and thahr. One of the most popular muslim scholar who concern in Qur’an and Arabic is al-Anbari with his book al-Adhdâd. Al-Anbari explains that Qurû has two meanings, First, al-Qurû in etymology is the form of Jama’ from aqra and qurû. Second, al-Qurû has a meaning of menstruation, thahr, or the period of iddah as a sign of being allowed to remarry after certain period of time.

Generación de anticuerpos policlonales para la detección de la variante genotípica GIII de PVY, en cultivos de tomate de árbol y papa de Colombia

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Yuliana Gallo García

2012-04-01

Full Text Available Normal 0 21 false false false ES-CO X-NONE X-NONE MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 Título en ingles: Generation of policlonal antibodies for detection of the PVY genotypic variant GIII in tamarillo and potato crops from Colombia Resumen: El potyvirus PVY es uno de los agentes causales más frecuentemente asociados a problemas virales en cultivos de papa y tomate de árbol en Colombia. Dada la importancia económica de las enfermedades causadas por PVY y a la necesidad de generar material de siembra certificado por su sanidad viral, es fundamental la generación de herramientas de diagnóstico que permitan la detección temprana de este virus. En este trabajo se reporta la obtención de anticuerpos policlonales específicos, útiles para la detección del genotipo III de PVY (GIII, una de las tres variantes que recientemente han sido reportadas en cultivos de papa y tomate de árbol de la región Andina de Colombia. Como antígeno, se utilizó un péptido sintético diseñado a partir de la región variable del extremo N-terminal del gen de la cápside viral. La sensibilidad de los anticuerpos fue evaluada mediante pruebas de ELISA y dot-blot utilizando péptidos sintéticos. Se realizó una prueba piloto para validar el uso de los anticuerpos a partir de plantas sintomáticas y asintomáticas obtenidas de una región donde confluyen cultivos de ambas solanáceas, encontrándose que los anticuerpos generados ofrecen mayores niveles de detección que los anticuerpos comerciales comúnmente utilizados para detectar los serotipos PVY-O,C y PVY-N de este virus. Palabras clave: anticuerpos policlonales; ELISA; potyvirus; RT-PCR; virus Y de la papa Abstract: PVY is one of the potyvirus more frequently associated with viral infections in tomato and tamarillo crops in Colombia. Due to the economic impact of PVY and the need to certify seeds as virus-free it is important to develop diagnostic tools that allow its premature detection. In this work, the

Al-Âyah al-Mutasyâbihât al-Lafzhiyyah fi Sûrah al-An’âm ‘Inda al-Kirmâny

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Hikmatiar Pasya

2017-07-01

Full Text Available This paper discusses about the verses of mutasyâbihât in the Quran. The debate of this verses caused various opinions. The meaning of the mutasyâbihât in this paper is the similarity and difference of the words in the Qur'an. Mufasir have different opinion about the meaning of the verse of mutasyâbihât al-lafdzi. In addition, many Hufadz of the Quran who are confused from one verse to another, or one chapter to another. It’s because similarity of verses in the Qur'an with other verses. So the writer wants to explain the verses mutasyâbihât al-lafdzi in the perspective of Hamzh al-Karmani in Surah al-An'âm. In this discussion the author discovers some passages in mutasyâbihât al-lafdzi, namely Asrâru al-balaghah fi mutasyabih al-lafdzi, Asrar al-balaghah fi mutasyabih al-hurf, and murâ'ah al-ikhtilâfmurâd bi al-lafdzi al-mukarrar.

PRÁCTICAS AGRÍCOLAS SOSTENIBLES QUE INCREMENTAN LOS RENDIMIENTOS DE DIFERENTES CULTIVOS EN SANCTI SPÍRITUS, CUBA

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Kolima Peña

2016-01-01

Full Text Available Esta investigación tuvo como escenario 4 agroecosistemas de la Provincia de Sancti Spí - ritus, Cuba. Se estudió la respuesta productiva de diferentes cultivos de hortalizas y granos a la cobertura muerta dispuesta sobre el suelo y al empleo de biofertilizantes en condiciones experi - mentales de campo y en diferentes tipos de suelo. Dentro de las hortalizas se evaluó la cebolla ( Allium cepa L. y el tomate ( Solanum lycopersi - cum L.; para ambas se utilizó diferentes tipos de cobertura muerta sobre el suelo. Con los granos, se empleó Fitomas-E y Biobras 16 en el cultivo del frijol ( y microrganismos eficientes en maíz ( Zea mays L.. El diseño experimental para los 4 experimentos fue de bloques al azar. En todos el rendimiento de los cultivos fue superior en las variantes tratadas en relación con el control. Cuando se usó cobertura muerta en cebolla y tomate, el mayor rendimiento se obtuvo con el tratamiento con restos de cosecha de arroz: 14,08 y 31,25 t.ha -1 , respectivamente. En el cultivo del frijol ( Phaseolus vulgaris L. la mejor combina - ción fue la aplicación conjunta de Fitomas E y Biobras 16, con un rendimiento de 2,23 t.ha -1 . La producción de maíz fue superior en más del 50% cuando se usó microorganismos eficientes en correspondencia con la variante control. Las prácticas agrícolas evaluadas contribuyeron a mejorar la respuesta productiva en todos los cultivos donde fueron aplicadas.

1882-IJBCS-Article-Samba Ndiaye

African Journals Online (AJOL)

hp

Après l'oignon, la tomate est le plus important légume au Sénégal. Elle est très sensible au virus. Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl (TYLCV). Quatorze variétés de tomate ont été testées pour évaluer leur productivité et leur résistance au TYLC à différents stades phénologiques (floraison, fructification et maturité) dans un dispositif ...

Biological indication of nitric oxides; Zum bioindikativen Nachweis von Stickoxiden

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Belotti, E.; Kaemmerer, D.; Mangold, U.; Tempes, D.; Arndt, U.

1992-12-31

The authors demonstrate the need for a nitrogen oxide bio-indicator and suggest to use nitrate reductase activity in exposed plant leaves to be established in vivo as the action criterium. Studies on the suitability of different plants and cultivation conditions are presented. Their results are taken to show that large-leaved plants like sunflower or tomato grown with ammonia as the only nitrogen source are best suited for bio-indication of nitric oxides. (orig.) [Deutsch] Der Beitrag zeigt die Notwendigkeit eines Bioindikators fuer Stickoxide auf und schlaegt als Wirkungskriterium die Nitratreduktase-Aktivitaet in den Blaettern exponierter Pflanzen, ermittelt mit der in-vivo-Methode, vor. Untersuchungen zur Eignung verschiedener Pflanzen und Anzuchtbedingungen werden vorgestellt. Aus ihnen ist abzuleiten, dass mit Ammonium als einziger Stickstoffquelle angezogene grossblaettrige Kulturpflanzen, etwa Sonnenblume oder Tomate, am ehesten fuer den bioindikativen Nachweis von Stickoxiden geeignet sind. (orig.)

Row spacing and pruning regimes on organically grown cherry tomato Espaçamento e sistema de condução de tomate cereja em cultivo orgânico

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Vlamir F de Azevedo

2010-12-01

Full Text Available The effects of branch number and plant densities on organically grown cherry tomato yield and fruit quality were studied. Labor costs for pruning were also assessed. The essay was conducted at the experimental fields of the Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from September 2004 to January 2005. A factorial design was used combining three row spacings (0.4, 0.6 and 0.8 m, two cherry tomato cultivars (hybrid 'Super-Sweet' and a local self pollinated 'Perinha' and three pruning regimes (free growth, one branch per plant and two branches per plant. The row spacing treatment of 0.6 x 1.5 m resulted in lower number of fruits when compared to the 0.4 x 1.5 m treatment, however, producing fruits with higher individual average mass, which resulted in similar final yield. These yields were higher than the 0.8 m treatment. Yield increases due to the higher number of plants per area were mostly due to the increase of fruit number, which compensated for the decrease of fruit size and mass. The 'free growth' treatment yielded similarly to the two branches per plant treatment. The labor costs were lower under 'free growth' due to the absence of pruning. Both cultivars responded similarly to plant population and pruning regimes.Com o objetivo de se avaliar o efeito do manejo e da densidade de plantio na produtividade de frutos e no custo com mão de obra em sistema orgânico de produção de tomate cereja, foi realizado um experimento no Departamento de Fitotecnia da UFRRJ, Seropédica-RJ, de setembro de 2004 a janeiro de 2005. Foram avaliados os efeitos da combinação de três sistemas de condução (sem tutoramento e sem limitação do número de hastes por planta; tutoramento com condução de uma haste por planta e, tutoramento com condução de duas hastes por planta, três espaçamentos entre plantas (0,4; 0,6 e 0,8 m e duas cultivares de tomate cereja (Perinha Água Branca e Super Sweet. O tratamento com espaçamento de 0,6 x 1,5 m

Diffusion-induced quadrupole relaxation of 27Al nuclei in dilute Al-Ti, Al-Cr, Al-Mn, and Al-Cu alloys at high temperatures

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bottyan, L.; Beke, D.L.; Tompa, K.

1983-01-01

The temperature dependence of the laboratory frame spin-lattice relaxation time of 27 Al nuclei is measured in 5N Al and in dilute Al-Ti, Al-Cr, Al-Mn, and Al-Cu alloys at 5.7 and 9.7 MHz resonance frequencies. The relaxation in pure aluminium is found to be purely due to the conduction electrons. An excess T 1 -relaxation contribution is detected in all Al-3d alloys investigated above 670 K. The excess relaxation rate is proportional to the impurity content and the temperature dependence of the excess contribution is of Arrhenius-type with an activation energy of (1.3 +- 0.3) eV for all of the investigated alloys. The relaxation contribution is found to be quadrupolar in origin and is caused by the relative diffusional jumps of solute atoms and Al atoms relatively far from the impurity. (author)

Interfacial phenomena in the reactions of Al-B, Al-Ti-B, and Al-Zr-B alloys with KF-AlF3 and NaF-AlF3 melts

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lee, M.S.; Terry, B.S.; Grieveson, P.

1993-01-01

The interfacial phenomena occurring during the contacting of liquid Al-B, Al-Ti-B, and Al-Zr-B melts with KF-AlF 3 liquid fluxes have been investigated by optical examination of quenched metal drops previously immersed in the liquid fluxes. Reactions in the Al-B/KF-AlF 3 system involve the formation of metastable AlB 12 at the metal/flux interface. At high KBF 4 levels in the flux, the AlB 12 is dispersed in the flux and also at low KBF 4 levels in the metal. Reactions in the Al-Ti-B/KF-AlF 3 system involve the formation of TiB 2 , which may be dispersed in either the metal or the flux depending upon the composition of the flux. The results obtained for the Al-Ti-B/NaF-AlF 3 and Al-Zr-B/KF-AlF 3 systems were similar to those observed for the Al-Ti-B/KF-AlF 3 system

Synthesizing (ZrAl3 + AlN)/Mg-Al composites by a 'matrix exchange' method

Science.gov (United States)

Gao, Tong; Li, Zengqiang; Hu, Kaiqi; Han, Mengxia; Liu, Xiangfa

2018-06-01

A method named 'matrix exchange' to synthesize ZrAl3 and AlN reinforced Mg-Al composite was developed in this paper. By inserting Al-10ZrN master alloy into Mg matrix and reheating the cooled ingot to 550 °C, Al and Mg atoms diffuse to the opposite side. As a result, liquid melt occurs once the interface areas reach to proper compositions. Then dissolved Al atoms react with ZrN, leading to the in-situ formation of ZrAl3 and AlN particles, while the Al matrix is finally replaced by Mg. This study provides a new insight for preparing Mg composites.

EVALUACIÓN TÉCNICA Y FINANCIERA DEL CULTIVO DE LECHUGA EN INVERNADERO, COMO ALTERNATIVA PARA INVIERNO

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Gerardo Martínez Carrillo

2015-07-01

Full Text Available Los cultivos que se producen en invernadero sin calefacción en el Altiplano de México y específicamente en Jerez de García Salinas, Zacatecas, no se adaptan en invierno, época en la que no se usan los invernaderos. Con el fin de encontrar una opción de producción que sea económicamente rentable en la época invernal para los productores de esta región, se evaluó la producción de lechuga (Lactuca sativa L. posterior a un cultivo de tomate. La investigación se realizó en un invernadero tipo multitunel con control pasivo del clima, el cultivo fue establecido en suelo. Se evaluó la combinación de tres variedades (Durango, Orejona PX y EZ-1 y tres densidades de plantación (20, 6.6 y 5 plantas m-² en la producción y la rentabilidad. El rendimiento con la variedad Durango fue superior en 1.22 y 1.18 veces a EZ-1 y Orejona PX, respectivamente; la densidad de 20 plantas m-2 presentó un rendimiento en kg m-2 de 2.1 y 2.7 veces mayor que con 6.6 y 5 plantas m-2, respectivamente; sin embargo, el peso por planta tuvo comportamiento inverso al peso por metro cuadrado; con cinco plantas m-2 el peso por planta fue mayor en 1.01 y 1.49 veces respecto a 6.6 y 20 plantas m-2, respectivamente. La relación beneficio/costo con el cultivo de tomate fue de 1.28 y con tomate + lechuga fue de 1.37, 1.30 y 1.29 con 20, 6.6 y 5 plantas m-2, respectivamente; por lo cual el cultivo de lechuga, principalmente con la variedad Durango y la densidad de 20 plantas m-2, es una opción recomendable.

Coupled growth of Al-Al2Cu eutectics in Al-Cu-Ag alloys

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hecht, U; Witusiewicz, V; Drevermann, A

2012-01-01

Coupled eutectic growth of Al and Al 2 Cu was investigated in univariant Al-Cu-Ag alloys during solidification with planar and cellular morphology. Experiments reveal the dynamic selection of small spacings, below the minimum undercooling spacing and show that distinct morphological features pertain to nearly isotropic or anisotropic Al-Al 2 Cu interfaces.

AL ITTIJAHAT AL MUNHARIFAH FI AT TAFSIR LI BADLI ASHAB AL MADZAHIB AL NAHWIYYAH WA BADL MAN YAJHALUNA QAWAID AL LUGHAH AL ARABIYYAH FI NADHAR MUHAMMAD HUSAIN AL DZAHABIY

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Misbakhudin Misbakhudin

2017-06-01

Full Text Available One of the most precious achievement in qur’anic studies was the book of Al-Ittijâhât al-Munharifah fî al-Tafsîr: Dawâfi’uha wa Daf’uha written by A great Islamic scholar, Muhammad Husein al-Dzahabî. He was succeeded in discussing several issues of corruptions of the exegesis of the holy Qur’an. This article is aimed to explain and to describe his analysis toward several corrupted linguist interpretations in their originations and such corrupted linguistic interpretations of the holy Qur’an which are ignoring Arabic structures and grammers

Dry matter production and nutrient accumulation after successive crops of lettuce, tomato, rice, and andropogongrass in a substrate with zeolite Produção de matéria seca e acúmulo de nutrientes após cultivos sucessivos com alface, tomate, arroz e capim andropogon em substrato com zeólita

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Alberto C. de Campos Bernardi

2010-04-01

estilbita foi concentrada e enriquecida com nutrientes N, P e K obtendo-se os seguintes tratamentos: zeólita concentrada (Z, zeólita + KNO3 (ZNK, zeólita + K2HPO4 (ZPK e zeólita + H3PO4 + apatita (ZP, além de um tratamento testemunha sem adição de zeólita, mas com solução nutritiva. Utilizaram-se quatro doses de zeólita enriquecida: 20, 40, 80 e 160 g/vaso. Foram realizados quatro cultivos sucessivos no mesmo substrato de cada vaso: alface, tomate, arroz e capim-andropogon. Os resultados indicaram que a zeólita enriquecida com N, P e K funcionou como fonte de nutrientes de liberação lenta. A produção de matéria seca total da parte aérea dos quatro cultivos sucessivos seguiu a seguinte ordem decrescente: ZP > ZPK > ZNK > Z.

Correlation indices physical space of soil and productivity of fruit tomato industry = Correlação espacial de atributos físicos do solo e produtividade de tomate industrial

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Danilo Gomes de Oliveira

2018-03-01

Full Text Available With mechanization at all stages of crop management, the soil began to receive a higher surface load, which causes changes in its physical properties with possible production impacts. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the variability and spatial correlation of the physical attributes of a Red Latosol with the productivity of industrial tomatoes. For this, a sample mesh was assembled using a global receiver positioning system (GPS, with 84 pairs of spaced apart 80 x 80 m points. After the mesh construction, samples in the 0.00-0.20 m layer were collected in the field to measure the physical attributes of the soil and plant data. The variables measured were: soil density (Ds, soil penetration resistance (PR, soil texture and tomato productivity. The values obtained were analyzed using geostatistics, and were classified according to the degree of spatial dependence. Then, using the ordinary kriging interpolation method and ordinary cokriging, the values for nonsampled sites were estimated, allowing the mapping of isovalues and the definition of management zones in the field. The spatial correlation of the physical attributes with the production components by the ordinary Cokriging method verified spatial correlation only between attributes (soil x soil density and sand content. The use of geostatistics and the construction of the maps by means of kriging and ordinary cokrigation allowed to identify different management zones, that is, the variability of soil attributes and productivity. = Com a mecanização em todas as etapas de manejo das culturas, o solo passou a receber maior carga superficial, o que provoca mudanças em suas propriedades físicas, com possíveis reflexos na produção. Assim, objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar a variabilidade e a correlação espacial dos atributos físicos de um Latossolo Vermelho com a produtividade de tomate industrial. Para isso, montou-se uma malha amostral utilizando um receptor global

Rendimiento de plantas de tomate injertadas y efecto de la densidad de tallos en el sistema hidropónico Yield of tomato crop as a result of grafting and shoot density in hydroponic system

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Roberta M.N. Peil

2004-06-01

Full Text Available El cultivo de tomate en primavera con baja densidad inicial de plantas y luego aumentar-se la densidad efectiva mediante el desarrollo de tallos laterales, cuando las integrales diarias de radiación son altas, parece ser una manera prometedora de incrementar el número de frutos m-2 y uniformizar el tamaño del fruto; y presenta la ventaja adicional de requerir-se un menor número de plantas para la superficie de cultivo. Por lo tanto, se ha llevado a cabo un ensayo cuyo objetivo ha sido evaluar los efectos de la densidad de tallos sobre el rendimiento y la uniformidad de los frutos de un cultivo de tomate injertado y no injertado. El cultivo se realizó de marzo a julio de 1998, en las condiciones de invernadero en Almería (sudeste español. La densidad inicial de plantación fue de 2,4 y 3,0 plantas m-2, en el caso de las plantas no injertadas, que presentaban un único tallo en el transplante; y 1,2 plantas m-2 en las plantas injertadas, que tenían dos tallos (2,4 tallos m-2. A partir del mes de abril, mediante el desarrollo de tallos laterales (cuando el tratamiento así lo exigía se pasó a tener las siguientes densidades: 2,4; 3,0 y 3,5 tallos m-2 (plantas injertadas y no injertadas; y 3,0 plantas no injertadas m-2 a un tallo durante todo el ciclo. Los resultados muestran que plantas de tomate injertadas y transplantadas a dos tallos tuvieron igual producción total, pero frutos de tamaño más uniforme, que plantas no injertadas transplantadas a un tallo y con doble densidad de plantas. Dentro del rango de 2,4 a 3,5 tallos m-2, una mayor densidad de tallos aumentó la producción precoz y dio un tamaño más uniforme de frutos, no afectando su peso promedio y la producción total. La adición de tallos laterales (3,0 tallos m-2 supuso una reducción de un 20% en el rendimiento total, pero vino acompañada por un ahorro de un 21% y de un 39% en el número de plantas no injertadas e injertadas, respectivamente, necesarias para la misma

The role of cow dung and kitchen manure composts and their non-aerated compost teas in reducing the incidence of foliar diseases of Lycopersicon esculentum (Mill

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A. Ngakou

2014-06-01

Full Text Available Compost teas are fermented watery extracts of composted materials used for their beneficial effect on plants. A study was conducted in the field to compare the efficacy of cow dung and kitchen manure composts and their derived non-aerated compost teas on disease symptoms expression and severity of Lycopersicon esculentum. The experimental layout was a complete randomised block design comprising six treatments, each of which was repeated three times: the negative control plot (Tm-; the positive control or fungicide plot (Tm+; the cow dung compost plot (Cpi; the kitchen manure compost plot (Cpii; the compost tea derived cow dung plot (Tci; and the compost tea derived kitchen manure plot (Tcii. Compost tea derived cow dung was revealed to be richer in elemental nutrients (N, P, K than compost tea from kitchen manure, and significantly (p < 0.0001 enhanced fruit yield per plant. Similarly, the two composts and their derived compost teas significantly (p < 0.0001 reduced the incidence and severity of disease symptoms compared to the controls, with the highest efficacy accounting for cow dung compost and compost tea. Although the non-aerated compost teas were not amended with micro-organisms, these results suggest that the two compost teas in use were rich enough in microbial pathogen antagonists, and therefore, are perceived as potential alternatives to synthetic chemical fungicides. Future work will attempt to identify these microbial antagonists with highly suppressive activity in the non-aerated compost teas.

Efeito de diferentes métodos de preparo na germinação de sementes de tomate Effects of different methods of seed preparation on the germination of tomato seeds

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Antônio Augusto do Lago

1976-01-01

Full Text Available Sementes de tomate, extraídas mecanicamente dos frutos e após diferentes métodos de preparo, tiveram seu poder germinativo determinado após 0, 4 e 12 meses de armazenagem. Ao todo, foram estudados os efeitos de 30 métodos de preparo conseguidos com a combinação de cinco tipos de fermentação, dois de desinfecção e três de secagem. O poder germinativo das sementes diminuiu com o aumento do tempo de fermentação e, principalmente, quando se utilizou ácido acético glacial na massa de fermentação. A desinfecção das sementes com sublimado corrosivo proporcionou melhores resultados, o mesmo ocorrendo quando da secagem das sementes à sombra. Os efeitos de interações entre as variáveis foram também analisados.Tomato seeds mechanically extracted from the fruits were subjected to different methods of preparation, i.e., five types of fermentation, two of desinfection, and three of drying. Viability of such seeds was determined after 0, 4, and 12 months of storage. Germination of tomato seeds decreased with the increase of time of fermentation, and, mostly when acetic acid was added to the mass being fermented. The best product for seed desinfection was HgCl2, and shade-drying was the most adequate for tomato seeds.

Higher glandular trichome density in tomato leaflets and repellence to spider mites Alta densidade de tricomas glandulares em tomateiro e aumento da repelência a ácaros rajados

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Wilson Roberto Maluf

2007-09-01

Full Text Available The objective of this work was to evaluate the feasibility of selection for higher glandular trichome densities, as an indirect criterion of selection for increasing repellence to spider mites Tetranychus urticae, in tomato populations derived from an interspecific cross between Lycopersicon esculentum x L. hirsutum var. glabratum PI 134417. Trichome densities were evaluated in 19 genotypes, including 12 from advanced backcross populations, derived from the original cross L. esculentum x L. hirsutum var. glabratum PI 134417. Counts were made both on the adaxial and abaxial leaf surfaces, and trichomes were classified into glandular types IV and VI, other glandular types (types I+VII, and nonglandular types. Mite repellence was measured by distances walked by mites onto the tomato leaf surface after 20, 40 and 60 min. Spider mite repellence biotests indicated that higher densities of glandular trichomes (especially type VI decreased the distances walked by the mites onto the tomato leaf surface. Selection of plants with higher densities of glandular trichomes can be an efficient criterion to obtain tomato genotypes with higher resistance (repellence to spider mites.O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a eficiência da seleção para maior densidade de tricomas glandulares na resistência (repelência ao ácaro Tetranychus urticae, em populações de tomate derivadas do cruzamento interespecífico Lycopersicon esculentum x L. hirsutum var. glabratum PI 134417. Foram avaliados 19 genótipos quanto à densidade de tricomas, que incluíram 12 derivados de populações avançadas de retrocruzamentos, obtidos a partir do cruzamento original L. esculentum x L. hirsutum var. glabratum PI 134417. Nas faces abaxial e adaxial dos folíolos, realizaram-se as contagens e os tricomas foram classificados em glandulares tipo IV e VI, outros glandulares (tipo I e VII e não glandulares. A repelência aos ácaros foi medida pela distância média, percorrida pelo

Transcriptome-Wide Identification of Differentially Expressed Genes in Solanum lycopersicon L. in Response to an Alfalfa-Protein Hydrolysate Using Microarrays

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Andrea Ertani

2017-07-01

Full Text Available An alfalfa-based protein hydrolysate (EM has been tested in tomato (Solanum lycopersicon L. plants at two different concentrations (0.1 and 1 mL L-1 to get insight on its efficacy as biostimulant in this species and to unravel possible metabolic targets and molecular mechanisms that may shed light on its mode of action. EM was efficient in promoting the fresh biomass and content in chlorophyll and soluble sugars of tomato plants, especially when it was applied at the concentration of 1 mL L-1. This effect on plant productivity was likely related to the EM-dependent up-regulation of genes identified via microarray and involved in primary carbon and nitrogen metabolism, photosynthesis, nutrient uptake and developmental processes. EM also up-regulated a number of genes implied in the secondary metabolism that leads to the synthesis of compounds (phenols and terpenes functioning in plant development and interaction with the environment. Concomitantly, phenol content was enhanced in EM-treated plants. Several new genes have been identified in tomato as potential targets of EM action, like those involved in detoxification processes from reactive oxygen species and xenobiotic (particularly glutathione/ascorbate cycle-related and ABC transporters, and defense against abiotic and biotic stress. The model hypothesized is that elicitors present in the EM formulation like auxins, phenolics, and amino acids, may trigger a signal transduction pathway via modulation of the intracellular levels of the hormones ethylene, jasmonic acid and abscissic acid, which then further prompt the activation of a cascade events requiring the presence and activity of many kinases and transcription factors to activate stress-related genes. The genes identified suggest these kinases and transcription factors as players involved in a complex crosstalk between biotic and abiotic stress signaling pathways. We conclude that EM acts as a biostimulant in tomato due to its capacity to

Fusarium Oxysporum el hongo que nos falta conocer

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Emira Garces De Granada

2001-01-01

Full Text Available Fusarium oxysporum es un hongo que se presenta principalmente como saprófito en el suelo, o también como patógeno especializado, denominado forma especial (f.sp., según la planta hospedante u hospedantes relacionados que afecte. Es posible distinguir patotipos o razas fisiológicas de una misma forma especial, cuando se determima la variedad de la especie vegetal que ataca y aun en poblaciones clonales al analizar características moleculares (DNA, fingerprint, RFLPs , RAPDs . No obstante, con referencia a la especificidad como fitopatóneno, pruebas de patogenicidad realizadas en condiciones de invernadero con el hongo causante del marchitamiento vascular en tomate (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. . lycopersici causó infección en plantas de clavel y de rábano en 20 y 47% respectivamente. Mientras, Gardini (1993,  en ensayos realizados directamemte en el suelo natural, con aislamientos de Fusarium oxysporum  f. sp. erythoxyli, causante de marchitez vascular en plantas de coca, produjo en éstas la enfermedad  en 100% y en 25% y 12.5% en achote y tomate, lo que cuestiona la especificidad del hongo, y su utilización como biocontrolador.  Así mismo, la alta sobrevivencia de sus clamidosporas,  resistentes a la degradac ión química y microbiológica,  y el registro como patógeno en animales incluyendo el hombre,  (produce afecciones oftálmicas, dérmicas y tóxinas determinan que no debe usars el hongo fitopatógeno de la coca como “micoherbicida” en plantaciones de coca, pues no sólo afecta a otras especies del género Erythroxylon no productoras del alcaloide, sino a plantas alimenticias y al hombre.

Desafios e perspectivas para a cadeia brasileira do tomate para processamento industrial Some challenges for the Brazilian chain of processing tomatoes

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Paulo César T. de Melo

2005-03-01

Full Text Available Este trabalho teve como principal objetivo descrever alguns dos desafios para maximização da eficiência técnica e socioeconômica da cadeia do tomate para processamento industrial no Brasil. Na década de 1990 observou-se um expressivo desempenho deste setor. Entretanto, no âmbito dos sistemas de produção, observam-se uma série de fatores limitantes à otimização da produção. Dentre esses, cultivares inadequadas à colheita mecanizada e suscetíveis às doenças e pragas que depreciam a qualidade industrial dos frutos, causando quebra na relação matéria prima/massa processada. Ocasionalmente, observam-se ocorrência de fungos na polpa concentrada, extratos e em outros derivados, que poderiam ser evitados com manejo cultural, como maior eficiência das técnicas de irrigação (sistema convencional com pivô central e irrigação por gotejamento, níveis de adubação, rotação de cultivo, preparo do solo e dos canteiros adequados ao transplante e à colheita mecanizados, controle de plantas daninhas e manejo ecológico de pragas e doenças.The purpose of this work is to provide information about technological problems that constitute challenges to the maximization of technical and the economic efficiency of the Brazilian chain of tomato processing. In the 90's the Brazilian chain of the processing tomato showed expressive performance. However, there are several factors involved in the tomato production systems that still impair the optimization of the processing tomato production. Among those factors we detected not well adapted tomato cvs. to mechanical harvest besides being susceptible to diseases and insects, depreciating the fruits quality for processing causing decline indexes in the relationship matter/ processed products. In addition, the presence of fungus was observed in the concentrated pulp, tomato extracts and in other tomato derived products. These problems could be solved through better cultural practices, including

Na-smectite s in the Cala de Tomate bentonite deposit (Spain): a natural analogue of the salinity effect on the bentonite barrier of a rad waste disposal

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Perez del Villar, L.; Pelayo, M.; Fernandez, A.M.; Cozar, J.S. [CIEMAT - Centro de Investigaciones Energeticas, Medioambientales y Tecnologicas (CIEMAT/DIRE/CEAGP), Madrid (Spain); Delgado, A.; Reyes, E. [Ciencias de la Tierra y Quimica Ambiental Estacion Experimental del Zaidin Dpt., Granada (Spain); Fernandez-Soler, J.M. [Granada Univ., Dpt. de Mineralogia y Petrologia (Spain); Tsige, M. [Facultad de Ciencias Geologicas, Dpt. de Geodinamica, Madrid (Spain)

2005-07-01

Within the framework of the ENRESA programme for the assessment of the long-term behaviour of the bentonite-engineered barrier for a deep radwaste geological repository, analogue studies on several bentonite deposits are conducted at CIEMAT. Among these analogue studies, the thermal effect induced by volcanic intrusions on bentonite deposits is highlighted. In the Cabo de Gata volcanic region, there are several analogue scenarios where these studies have been performed, such as the Cala de Tomate bentonite deposit that was intruded by a pyroxene andesite volcanic dome. However, geological, mineralogical, physicochemical, geochemical and stable isotopic data obtained from the smectites do not allow to establish any analogy with the thermal effect expected on the bentonite-engineered barrier of a deep geological repository after burial. Thus, the bentonitisation processes took place after the intrusion of the dome, as a result of meteoric diagenesis intensively developed on faulting zone affecting the parent pyroclastic acid tuffs. This faulting process occurred after the dome intrusion. However, the physicochemical characteristics of these smectites, specially the exchangeable cations, allow to consider this bentonite deposit as a natural analogue of the saline effect on the clayey barrier. This analogy has been established because Na-smectites are present in this deposit and, up to our present knowledge, it is the first time that these smectites occur naturally in the Cabo de Gata-La Serrata de Nijar volcanic region. As a consequence, the main objectives of this work are: i) to characterise these smectites; ii) to establish their genesis and processes affecting them after their formation and iii) to identify the effects on the bentonite-engineered barrier should it were affected by a Na-rich saline waterfront. (authors)

Cultivo in vitro del tomate de árbol (Cyphomandra betacea (Cav. Sendt. (Fenotipo naranja proveniente de Costa Rica

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Randall Chacón-Cerdas

2014-06-01

Se determinó que la desinfección con 2,5% de Ca(ClO2 fue la mejor para el establecimiento in vitro; el mejor medio de cultivo para la micropropagación del material fue el M1, compuesto por sales MS(1962 al 100%, sacarosa al 3%, phytagel® 1,8g/L, 0,5mg/L de AG3, 0,25mg/L de BAP y 2,0 mg/L de PaCa, el cual presentó el mejor balance entre el número promedio de brotación/explante y el número promedio de entrenudos/explante, sin formación excesiva de callo, mientras que el medio de cultivo E5, constituido por sales MS(1962 al 100%, agar 6,0g/L y sacarosa al 3%, sin reguladores del crecimiento y el medio de cultivo E6, que incluía las sales MS(1962 al 100%, agar 8,0g/L y sacarosa al 3%, sin reguladores del crecimiento, mostraron el periodo más corto para la formación de raíces, el mayor número promedio de raíces y la mayor longitud promedio de raíz y tallo.

Familial ALS

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Boylan, Kevin

2015-01-01

Synopsis Genes linked to ALS susceptibility are being identified at an increasing rate owing to advances in molecular genetic technology. Genetic mechanisms in ALS pathogenesis appear to exert major effects in ~10% of patients, but genetic factors at some level may be important components of disease risk in most ALS patients. Identification of gene variants associated with ALS has informed concepts of the pathogenesis of ALS, aided the identification of therapeutic targets, facilitated research to develop new ALS biomarkers, and supported the establishment of clinical diagnostic tests for ALS-linked genes. Translation of this knowledge to ALS therapy development is ongoing. PMID:26515623

Malamih al-Ashwat al-'Arabiyyah wa Makharijaha

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Amrah Muhammad Kasim

2015-12-01

Full Text Available This writing discusses on al-ashwat al-‘arabiyyah that is known with “phonetic” term. It talks and interprets makharij al-huruf or place for producing sounds and also processing production of sounds by parts of mouth in Arabic language. The problems of sounds and its systems in Arabic language have been conducted by the scholars of al-ashwat al-‘arabiyyah attractively, neatly, and detail and gotten ahead the phonetic western scholars. Part of their analysis results formulate the study about al-ashwat al-sakinah (al-Shamit is known with vocal and consonant sounds in research questions shawait – shawamit. Ibnu Jinni has formulated “harakat”(wowel in Arabic language and dimension of letter  mad and liyn on alif  letter - waw - ya’ (ا و ي, from these letters create  harakat fathah, dammah, and kasrah. Moreover, in this writing also exist the description of hija’i letters and its makhraj that are correct from parts of mouth and the unity of coordinative sounds that produce sounds in morphemes arrangement, in one word that produces meaning. The result of phonological study has divided al-ashwat to be kinds of sound like the pronounced sounds, produced sounds from mouth, and heard sound.

Influencia de genes exóticos sobre la vida en estantería y el peso del fruto de tomate Influence of exotic genes on tomato fruit shelf life and weight

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J.H. Pereira da Costa

2009-06-01

Full Text Available Una característica importante en tomate cultivado (Solanum lycopersicum es la vida en estantería de los frutos (VE, que puede ser incrementada por incorporación de genes exóticos. Esta alternativa, sin embargo, implica una reducción en el peso (Pe. El objetivo de este trabajo fue analizar la herencia de ambos caracteres en un cruzamiento interespecífico, para aplicar luego esta información básica al delineamiento de estrategias de mejoramiento genético. Se utilizaron la cultivar Caimanta, la accesión exótica LA722 (S. pimpinellifolium y las generaciones F1, F2, BC I.1 (F1 x LA722 y BC I.2 (Caimanta x F1. Se calcularon el grado de dominancia (d/a, la heredabilidad en sentido amplio (H² y la heredabilidad en sentido estricto (h² para Pe y VE, así como las correlaciones fenotípica (r f y genética (r g entre ellos. El d/a fue -1 y -0,86; H², 0,35 y 0,45; y h², 0 y 0,52, para Pe y VE respectivamente. La r f fue 0,36 (p Fruit shelf life (SL is an important trait in the cultivated tomato (Solanum lycopersicum that might be increased by introgressing exotic genes. However, this approach causes a reduction in fruit weight (W. The objective of this research was to analyse the inheritance patterns of both traits in an interspecific cross, in order to subsequently design the appropriate breeding strategy. Plant material included cv. Caimanta, accession LA722 of the exotic S. pimpinellifolium, and their F1, F2, BC I.1 (F1 x LA722 and BC I.2 (Caimanta x F1 generations. The genetic parameters, degree of dominance (d/a, broad sense heritability (H², and narrow sense heritability (h² were estimated for SL and W, and the phenotypic (r p and the genetic (r g correlations among them were calculated. The d/a were -1 and -0.86, H² were 0.35 and 0.45, and h² were 0 and 0.52, for W and SL respectively. The r p was 0.36 (p < 0.01 and r g was - 0.86. Genetic variance was generated for both fruit weight and shelf life from this interspecific tomato

Transient oxidation of Al-deposited Fe-Cr-Al alloy foil

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Andoh, A.

1997-01-01

The oxide phases formed on an Al-deposited Fe-Cr-Al alloy foil and an Fe-Cr-Al alloy foil of the same levels of Al and (La+Ce) contents, and their oxidation kinetics have been studied in air at 1173 and 1373 K using TGA, XRD and SEM. Al deposition promotes the growth of metastable aluminas (θ-Al 2 O 3 , γ-Al 2 O 3 ). Scales consisting of θ-Al 2 O 3 and a small amount of α-Al 2 O 3 develop on the Al-deposited foil at 1173 K and exhibit the whisker-type morphology. In the early stage of oxidation at 1373 K, thick scales consisting of θ-Al 2 O 3 and α-Al 2 O 3 grow rapidly on the Al-deposited foil. The transformation from θ-Al 2 O 3 to α-Al 2 O 3 is very fast, and the scales result in only α-Al 2 O 3 . In contrast, α-Al 2 O 3 scales containing a minor amount of FeAl 2 O 4 develop on the alloy foil. The growth rate of α-Al 2 O 3 scales on the Al-deposited foil is smaller than that on the alloy foil and very close to that on NiAl at 1373 K. (orig.)

Anti-phytopathogen potential of endophytic actinobacteria isolated from tomato plants (Lycopersicon esculentum) in southern Brazil, and characterization of Streptomyces sp. R18(6), a potential biocontrol agent.

Science.gov (United States)

de Oliveira, Margaroni Fialho; da Silva, Mariana Germano; Van Der Sand, Sueli T

2010-09-01

Tomato plants (Lycopersicon esculentum) are highly susceptible to phytopathogen attack. The resulting intensive application of pesticides on tomato crops can affect the environment and health of humans and animals. The objective of this study was to select potential biocontrol agents among actinobacteria from tomato plants, in a search for alternative phytopathogen control. We evaluated 70 endophytic actinobacteria isolated from tomato plants in southern Brazil, testing their antimicrobial activity, siderophore production, indoleacetic acid production, and phosphate solubility. The actinomycete isolate with the highest antimicrobial potential was selected using the agar-well diffusion method, in order to optimize conditions for the production of compounds with antimicrobial activity. For this study, six growth media (starch casein-SC, ISP2, Bennett's, Sahin, Czapek-Dox, and TSB), three temperatures (25 degrees C, 30 degrees C, and 35 degrees C) and different pH were tested. Of the actinobacteria tested, 88.6% showed antimicrobial activity against at least one phytopathogen, 72.1% showed a positive reaction for indoleacetic acid production, 86.8% produced siderophores and 16.2% showed a positive reaction for phosphate solubility. Isolate R18(6) was selected due to its antagonistic activity against all phytopathogenic microorganisms tested in this study. The best conditions for production were observed in the SC medium, at 30 degrees C and pH 7.0. The isolate R18(6) showed close biochemical and genetic similarity to Streptomyces pluricolorescens. Copyright 2010 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

Proton irradiation studies on Al and Al5083 alloy

Science.gov (United States)

Bhattacharyya, P.; Gayathri, N.; Bhattacharya, M.; Gupta, A. Dutta; Sarkar, Apu; Dhar, S.; Mitra, M. K.; Mukherjee, P.

2017-10-01

The change in the microstructural parameters and microhardness values in 6.5 MeV proton irradiated pure Al and Al5083 alloy samples have been evaluated using different model based techniques of X-ray diffraction Line Profile Analysis (XRD) and microindendation techniques. The detailed line profile analysis of the XRD data showed that the domain size increases and saturates with irradiation dose both in the case of Al and Al5083 alloy. The corresponding microstrain values did not show any change with irradiation dose in the case of the pure Al but showed an increase at higher irradiation doses in the case of Al5083 alloy. The microindendation results showed that unirradiated Al5083 alloy has higher hardness value compared to that of unirradiated pure Al. The hardness increased marginally with irradiation dose in the case of Al5083, whereas for pure Al, there was no significant change with dose.

PEMBARUAN MASLAḤAH DALAM MAQĀṢID AL- SHARĪ‘AH: TELAAH HUMANISTIS TENTANG AL-KULLIYYĀT AL-KHAMSAH

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Zaenuddin Mansyur

2012-06-01

Full Text Available Abstract:   In order to answer a variety of issues faced by human being in the current era, such as human rights abuses, social disintegration, and terrorism, the renewal of Islamic law in the level of theoretical and practical aspects is very urgent. This paper aims to examine one of the Islamic legal reform efforts, namely to build a more technical understanding of the concept of maṣlaḥah contained in the maqāṣīd sharī‘ah, called the al-kulliyat al-khamsah. Therefore, the concept of maṣlaḥah in ḥifẓ al-dīn is technically defined as al-ḥurriyah al-i‘tiqād (freedom of religion and schools; in ḥifẓ al-nafs as al-karamat al-insān (human being breeding; in ḥifẓ al-nasl as ḥifẓ al-usrah (wholeness and harmony of the family; in ḥifẓ al-māl as al-taḍammun al-insān (social solidarity , and in ḥifẓ al-‘aql as al-ḥuqūq as al-tarbiyāt (increasing human resources quality.Abstrak: Demi menjawab aneka persoalan zaman yang dihadapi manusia era sekarang, seperti penyelewengan terhadap HAM, disintegrasi sosial, dan terorisme, maka pembaharuan hukum Islam dalam tataran teoretis dan praktis urgen dilakukan. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji salah satu upaya pembaruan hukum Islam, yaitu membangun pemahaman yang lebih teknis terhadap konsep maṣlaḥah yang terkandung dalam maqāṣīd sharī‘ah, yang disebut dengan al-kulliyāt al-khamsah. Oleh karena itu, konsep maṣlaḥah dalam ḥifẓu al-dīn secara teknis dimaknai sebagai ḥurriyah al-i‘tiqād (kebebasan untuk beragama dan beraliran; dalam ḥifẓu al-nafs sebagai al-karāmāt al-insān (pemuliaan kemanusiaan; dalam ḥifẓu al-nasl sebagai ḥifẓu al-usrah (keutuhan dan keharmonisan keluarga; dalam ḥifẓu al-māl sebagai al-taḍammun al-insān (solidaritas sosial; dan dalam ḥifẓu al-‘aql sebagai al-ḥuqūq al-tarbiyāt (peningkatan sumber daya manusia.

Interaction of Polyamines, Abscisic Acid, Nitric Oxide, and Hydrogen Peroxide under Chilling Stress in Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) Seedlings.

Science.gov (United States)

Diao, Qiannan; Song, Yongjun; Shi, Dongmei; Qi, Hongyan

2017-01-01

Polyamines (PAs) play a vital role in the responses of higher plants to abiotic stresses. However, only a limited number of studies have examined the interplay between PAs and signal molecules. The aim of this study was to elucidate the cross-talk among PAs, abscisic acid (ABA), nitric oxide (NO), and hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) under chilling stress conditions using tomato seedlings [( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) cv. Moneymaker]. The study showed that during chilling stress (4°C; 0, 12, and 24 h), the application of spermidine (Spd) and spermine (Spm) elevated NO and H 2 O 2 levels, enhanced nitrite reductase (NR), nitric oxide synthase (NOS)-like, and polyamine oxidase activities, and upregulated LeNR relative expression, but did not influence LeNOS1 expression. In contrast, putrescine (Put) treatment had no obvious impact. During the recovery period (25/15°C, 10 h), the above-mentioned parameters induced by the application of PAs were restored to their control levels. Seedlings pretreated with sodium nitroprusside (SNP, an NO donor) showed elevated Put and Spd levels throughout the treatment period, consistent with increased expression in leaves of genes encoding arginine decarboxylase ( LeADC. LeADC1 ), ornithine decarboxylase ( LeODC ), and Spd synthase ( LeSPDS ) expressions in tomato leaves throughout the treatment period. Under chilling stress, the Put content increased first, followed by a rise in the Spd content. Exogenously applied SNP did not increase the expression of genes encoding S -adenosylmethionine decarboxylase ( LeSAMDC ) and Spm synthase ( LeSPMS ), consistent with the observation that Spm levels remained constant under chilling stress and during the recovery period. In contrast, exogenous Put significantly increased the ABA content and the 9- cis -epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase ( LeNCED1 ) transcript level. Treatment with ABA could alleviate the electrolyte leakage (EL) induced by D-Arg (an inhibitor of Put). Taken together, it is

Combustion synthesis of AlB2-Al2O3 composite powders with AlB2 nanowire structures

Science.gov (United States)

Yang, Pan; Xiao, Guoqing; Ding, Donghai; Ren, Yun; Yang, Shoulei; Lv, Lihua; Hou, Xing

2018-05-01

Using of Al and B2O3 powders as starting materials, and Mg-Al alloy as additives, AlB2-Al2O3 composite powders with AlB2 nanowire structures were successfully fabricated via combustion synthesis method in Ar atmosphere at a pressure of 1.5 MPa. The effect of different amount of Mg-Al alloy on the phase compositions and morphology of the combustion products was investigated. The results revealed that AlB2 and Al2O3 increased, whereas Al decreased with the content of Mg-Al alloy increasing. The impurities MgAl2O4 and AlB12 would exist in the sample with adding of 18 wt% Mg-Al alloy. Interestingly, FESEM/TEM/EDS results showed that AlB2 nanowires were observed in the products when the content of Mg-Al alloy is 6 wt% and 12 wt%. The more AlB2 nanowires can be found as the content of Mg-Al alloy increased. And the yield of AlB2 nanowires with the diameter of about 200 nanometers (nm) and the length up to several tens of micrometers (μm) in the combustion product is highest when the content of Mg-Al alloy is 12 wt%. The vapor, such as Mg-Al (g), B2O2 (g), AlO (g) and Al2O (g), produced during the process of combustion synthesis, reacted with each other to yield AlB2 nanowires by vapor-solid (VS) mechanism and the corresponding model was also proposed.

The effects of boron in TiAl/Ti3Al

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Feng, C.R.; Michel, D.J.; Crowe, C.R.

1989-01-01

The authors discuss the TiAl/Ti 3 Al interfacial misfit dislocations structures investigated by TEM in Ti-45Al alloy and Ti-45Al/TiB 2 composite. For TiAl with c/a = 1.02, only a single set of misfit dislocation arrays are crystallographically possible; these were observed in Ti-45Al alloy. However, the observation of three sets of misfit dislocation arrays in the Ti-45Al/TiB 2 composite suggests that the occupation of octahedral sites in the TiAl structure by excess boron was responsible for a decrease in the c/a ratio leading to an increased fcc character of the TiAl at the TiAl/Ti 3 Al interface

In Situ Fabrication of AlN Coating by Reactive Plasma Spraying of Al/AlN Powder

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Mohammed Shahien

2011-10-01

Full Text Available Reactive plasma spraying is a promising technology for the in situ formation of aluminum nitride (AlN coatings. Recently, it became possible to fabricate cubic-AlN-(c-AlN based coatings through reactive plasma spraying of Al powder in an ambient atmosphere. However, it was difficult to fabricate a coating with high AlN content and suitable thickness due to the coalescence of the Al particles. In this study, the influence of using AlN additive (h-AlN to increase the AlN content of the coating and improve the reaction process was investigated. The simple mixing of Al and AlN powders was not suitable for fabricating AlN coatings through reactive plasma spraying. However, it was possible to prepare a homogenously mixed, agglomerated and dispersed Al/AlN mixture (which enabled in-flight interaction between the powder and the surrounding plasma by wet-mixing in a planetary mill. Increasing the AlN content in the mixture prevented coalescence and increased the nitride content gradually. Using 30 to 40 wt% AlN was sufficient to fabricate a thick (more than 200 µm AlN coating with high hardness (approximately 1000 Hv. The AlN additive prevented the coalescence of Al metal and enhanced post-deposition nitriding through N₂ plasma irradiation by allowing the nitriding species in the plasma to impinge on a larger Al surface area. Using AlN as a feedstock additive was found to be a suitable method for fabricating AlN coatings by reactive plasma spraying. Moreover, the fabricated coatings consist of hexagonal (h-AlN, c-AlN (rock-salt and zinc-blend phases and certain oxides: aluminum oxynitride (Al₅O₆N, cubic sphalerite Al₂₃O₂₇N₅ (ALON and Al₂O₃. The zinc-blend c-AlN and ALON phases were attributed to the transformation of the h-AlN feedstock during the reactive plasma spraying. Thus, the zinc-blend c-Al

Instability of TiC and TiAl3 compounds in Al-10Mg and Al-5Cu alloys by addition of Al-Ti-C master alloy

Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

无

2006-01-01

The performance of Al-Ti-C master alloy in refining Al-10Mg and A1-5Cu alloys was studied by using electron probe micro-analyzer (EPMA) and X-ray diffractometer (XRD) analysis.The results indicate that there are obvious fading phenomena in both Al-10Mg and Al-5Cu alloys with the addition of Al-5Ti-0.4C refiner which contains TiC and TiAl3 compounds.Mg element has no influence on the stability of TiC and TiAl3, while TiC particles in Al-10Mg alloy react with Al to form Al4C3 particles, resulting in the refinement fading.However, TiC particles are relatively stable in Al-5Cu alloy, while TiAl3 phase reacts with Al2Cu to produce a new phase Ti(Al, Cu)2, which is responsible for the refinement fading in Al-5Cu alloy.These indicate that the refinement fading will not occur only when both the TiC particles and TiAl3 compound of Al-Ti-C refiner are stable in Al alloys.

PEMAHAMAN HADITS TARBAWI BURHAN AL ISLAM AL ZARNUJI DALAM KITAB TA’LIM AL MUTA’ALLIM

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Benny Afwadzi

2017-01-01

Full Text Available This paper explores the understanding of tarbawi (education hadith from one of the major influential clerics in the Islamic educational system, especially in pesantren. He is Burhan al Islam al Zarnuji with his landmark book Ta’lim al Muta’allim. The conclusion that can be drawn is that al Zarnuji has shades of sufistical view in understanding tarbawi hadith. This can be seen in his understanding of hadith on obligation to seek knowledge (thalab al ilmi faridhatun ‘ala kulli muslimin wa muslimatin, which is interpreted as ilm al hal, the science concerning the condition of the human religious or simplistically said as the religious sciences; and the hadith of intention of studying (innama al a’malu bi al niyyat with the intention for the sake of the hereafter and religion, not mundane. Such an understanding is not something taken for granted, but it can be reinterpreted and perfected in accordance with the spirit of the times of context.

Calculation of Gibbs energy of Zr-Al-Ni, Zr-Al-Cu, Al-Ni-Cu and Zr-Al-Ni-Cu liquid alloys based on quasiregular solution model

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Li, H.Q.; Yang, Y.S.; Tong, W.H.; Wang, Z.Y.

2007-01-01

With the effects of electronic structure and atomic size being introduced, the mixing enthalpy as well as the Gibbs energy of the ternary Zr-Al-Cu, Ni-Al-Cu, Zr-Ni-Al and quaternary Zr-Al-Ni-Cu systems are calculated based on quasiregular solution model. The computed results agree well with the experimental data. The sequence of Gibbs energies of different systems is: G Zr-Al-Ni-Cu Zr-Al-Ni Zr-Al-Cu Cu-Al-Ni . To Zr-Al-Cu, Ni-Al-Cu and Zr-Ni-Al, the lowest Gibbs energy locates in the composition range of X Zr 0.39-0.61, X Al = 0.38-0.61; X Ni = 0.39-0.61, X Al = 0.38-0.60 and X Zr = 0.32-0.67, X Al = 0.32-0.66, respectively. And to the Zr-Ni-Al-Cu system with 66.67% Zr, the lowest Gibbs energy is obtained in the region of X Al = 0.63-0.80, X Ni = 0.14-0.24

Bipolar characteristics of AlGaN/AlN/GaN/AlGaN double heterojunction structure with AlGaN as buffer layer

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Peng, Enchao; Wang, Xiaoliang; Xiao, Hongling; Wang, Cuimei; Yin, Haibo; Chen, Hong; Feng, Chun; Jiang, Lijuan; Hou, Xun; Wang, Zhanguo

2013-01-01

Highlights: •2DEG and 2DHG coexist in the AlGaN/AlN/GaN/AlGaN DH-structure. •The sheet densities of 2DEG and 2DHG vary with buffer Al content and GaN thickness. •The conditions for the disappearance of 2DHG are discussed. •Increasing buffer Al content provides better electron confinement. •Dislocation scattering is reduced in the DH-structure. -- Abstract: This is a theoretical study of AlGaN/AlN/GaN/AlGaN double heterojunction (DH) structure with AlGaN as buffer layer. Our calculation shows that as the buffer Al content increases, though two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) sheet density decreases, the channel back-barrier caused by polarization-induced electric field in GaN provides better electron confinement. And under certain conditions the DH-structure shows bipolar characteristics, with an additional two-dimensional hole gas (2DHG) formed at GaN/AlGaN interface. The influence of the buffer Al content and GaN channel thickness on the 2DEG and 2DHG sheet densities are investigated, and the conditions for the disappearance of 2DHG are discussed. Also, the mobility inhibited by dislocation scattering is enhanced in DH-structure due to the enhancement of screening effect of the 2DEG

The code of light: al-ghazali and al-suhrawardi

OpenAIRE

Gediminaitė, Barbora

2017-01-01

The Code of Light: Al-Ghazali and Al-Suhrawardi The Bachelor’s thesis The Code of Light in Islam: al-Ghazali and al-Suhrawardi presents a comparative study of light. The study analyses the philosophical systems of al-Ghazali and al-Suhrawardi through the reconstruction of the image of light and its operation principles. The main subject of the thesis are the attributes of light. The main problem of the research is the semantics and contextuality of light in Islamic theology and philosophy. Th...

Pemikiran Filosofis Sadra Dalam Tafsir Al-Qur’an Al-Karim : Surah Al-’A‘la

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Kerwanto Kerwanto

2014-12-01

Full Text Available Abstrak : Dalam tafsir atas Surah al-’A‘lā, Mulla Sadra, melalui karyanya Tafsīr al Qur’ān al-Karīm, mengajak jiwa kita berpetualang menuju lapisan makna terdalam untuk mengenali realitas ketauhidan (al- mabdā’, kenabian (shirāth atau nubuwwah dan kebangkitan (ma‘ād dan mengulasnya secara filosofis. Penelitian ini merupakan suatu upaya untuk menggali manfaat dari aspek-aspek penting dari sumber-sumber keagamaan yang tergali dari petunjuk al Qur’an yang berpadu dengan prinsip- prinsip rasional filosofis dan pengalaman mistik (intuitif Sadra. Setiap bab pada tafsir ini diberikan judul dengan tasbīḥ (pernyataan pemujian dan pensucian, dengan tetap memaparkan beragam pokok persoalan terkait metafisika al-Qur’an. Prinsip-prinsip filosofis yang digunakan dalam risalah tafsir ini bisa menjadi salah satu bukti ketidakberjarakan antara filsafat dengan teks-teks keagamaan. Sadra menggunakan metode tafsir yang tetap menerima sisi lahiriah al-Qur’an, dan selanjutnya mencari misteri-misteri, rahasia-rahasia, dan dengan bantuan intelek (akal, intuisi dan iluminasi Tuhan untuk memperoleh realitas-realitas dan makna- makna dibalik selaput ekternalnya (aspek literalnyaKata kunci : Ḥikmah Muta’āliyah, irfan, al-mabdā’, kebangkitan setelah mati, nubuwwah, takwīl, gerak substansial (ḥarakah jawhariyyah, denotasi utama (al-maqshūd al-ashlī, penyempurnaan diri (takammul, tasbīḥ.  Abstract : In his commentary on Surah al-’ A‘lā, Mulla Sadra, through his Tafsīr al-Qur’ān al-Karīm invites our souls to ventureinto the deepest layers of meaning to recognize the reality of Divinity (al- mabdā’, prophethood (Ṣirāṭ or nubuwwah and resurrection (ma‘ād and discusses it in a more philosophical manner. This study is an attempt to explore the benefits of these important aspects of religious sources unearthed from Qur’anic injunctions combined with rational principles of philosophical and mystical experiences

A united refinement technology for commercial pure Al by Al-10Ti and Al-Ti-C master alloys

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ma Xiaoguang; Liu Xiangfa; Ding Haimin

2009-01-01

Because flake-like TiAl 3 particles in Al-Ti-C master alloys prepared in a melt reaction method dissolve slowly when they are added into Al melt at 720 deg. C, Ti atoms cannot be released rapidly to play the assistant role of grain refinement, leading to a poor refinement efficiency of Al-Ti-C master alloys. A united refinement technology by Al-10Ti and Al-Ti-C master alloys was put forward in this paper. The rational combination of fine blocky TiAl 3 particles in Al-10Ti and TiC particles in Al-Ti-C can improve the nucleation rate of α-Al. It not only improves the grain refinement efficiency of Al-Ti-C master alloys, but also reduces the consumption

Role of gibberellins in parthenocarpic fruit development induced by the genetic system pat-3/pat-4 in tomato.

Science.gov (United States)

Fos, Mariano; Proaño, Karina; Nuez, Fernando; García-Martínez, José L.

2001-04-01

The role of gibberellins (GAs) in the induction of parthenocarpic fruit-set and growth by the pat-3/pat-4 genetic system in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) was investigated using wild type (WT; Cuarenteno) and a near-isogenic line derived from the German line RP75/59 (the source of pat-3/pat-4 parthenocarpy). Unpollinated WT ovaries degenerated but GA3 application induced parthenocarpic fruit growth. On the contrary, parthenocarpic growth of pat-3/pat-4 fruits, which occurs in the absence of pollination and hormone treatment, was not affected by applied GA3. Unpollinated pat-3/pat-4 fruit growth was negated by paclobutrazol, an inhibitor of ent-kaurene oxidase, and this inhibitory effect was negated by GA3. The quantification of the main GAs of the early 13-hydroxylation pathway (GA1, GA8, GA19, GA20, GA29 and GA44) in unpollinated ovaries at 3 developmental stages (flower bud, FB; pre-anthesis, PR; and anthesis, AN), by gas chromatography-selected ion monitoring, showed that the concentration of most of them was higher in pat-3/pat-4 than in WT ovaries at PR and AN stages. The concentration of GA1, suggested previously to be the active GA in tomate, was 2-4 times higher. Unpollinated pat-3/pat-4 ovaries at FB, PR and AN stages also contained relatively high amounts (5-12 ng g-1) of GA3, a GA found at less than 0.5 ng g-1 in WT ovaries. It is concluded that the mutations pat-3/pat-4 may induce natural facultative parthenocarpy capacity in tomato by increasing the concentration of GA1 and GA3 in the ovaries before pollination.

Liquidus projection of the Nb-Cr-Al system near the Al3(Nb,Cr) + Cr(Al,Nb) eutectic region

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Souza, S.A.; Ferrandini, P.L.; Nunes, C.A.; Coelho, A.A.; Caram, R.

2006-01-01

The system Nb-Cr-Al was investigated in the region near the Al 3 (Nb,Cr) + Cr(Al,Nb) eutectic and the liquidus projection of that region was determined based on the microstructural characterization of arc melted alloys. The characterization utilized scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), differential thermal analysis (DTA) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results allowed one to determine three primary solidification liquidus surfaces ((Cr,Al) 2 Nb, Cr(Al,Nb) and Al 3 (Nb,Cr)), that are originated from the binary systems Cr-Nb, Cr-Al and Al-Nb. It is proposed the occurrence of the invariant reaction L + (Cr,Al) 2 Nb ↔ Al 3 (Nb,Cr) + Cr(Al,Nb) and of a point of minimum, which involves a three phase reaction, L ↔ Al 3 (Nb,Cr) + Cr(Al,Nb). All alloys studied showed formation of the Al 3 (Nb,Cr) + Cr(Al,Nb) eutectic as the last solidification step with Al(Nb)Cr 2 precipitating from Cr(Al,Nb)

A united refinement technology for commercial pure Al by Al-10Ti and Al-Ti-C master alloys

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ma Xiaoguang [Key Laboratory of Liquid Structure and Heredity of Materials, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250061 (China); Liu Xiangfa [Key Laboratory of Liquid Structure and Heredity of Materials, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250061 (China)], E-mail: xfliu@sdu.edu.cn; Ding Haimin [Key Laboratory of Liquid Structure and Heredity of Materials, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250061 (China)

2009-03-05

Because flake-like TiAl{sub 3} particles in Al-Ti-C master alloys prepared in a melt reaction method dissolve slowly when they are added into Al melt at 720 deg. C, Ti atoms cannot be released rapidly to play the assistant role of grain refinement, leading to a poor refinement efficiency of Al-Ti-C master alloys. A united refinement technology by Al-10Ti and Al-Ti-C master alloys was put forward in this paper. The rational combination of fine blocky TiAl{sub 3} particles in Al-10Ti and TiC particles in Al-Ti-C can improve the nucleation rate of {alpha}-Al. It not only improves the grain refinement efficiency of Al-Ti-C master alloys, but also reduces the consumption.

Comparison of color indexes for tomato ripening Comparação dos índices de cor para maturação do tomate

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Andrés F. López Camelo

2004-09-01

Full Text Available Color in tomato is the most important external characteristic to assess ripeness and postharvest life, and is a major factor in the consumer's purchase decision. Degree of ripening is usually estimated by color charts. Colorimeters, on the other hand, express colors in numerical terms along the L*, a* and b* axes (from white to black, green to red and blue to yellow, respectively within the CIELAB color sphere which are usually mathematically combined to calculate the color indexes. Color indexes and their relationship to the visual color classification of tomato fruits vine ripened were compared. L*, a* and b* data (175 observations from eleven cultivars from visually classified fruits at harvest in six ripening stages according to the USDA were used to calculate hue, chroma, color index, color difference with pure red, a*/b* and (a*/b*². ANOVA analysis were performed and means compared by Duncan's MRT. Color changes throughout tomato ripening were the result of significant changes in the values of L*, a* and b*. Under the conditions of this study, hue, color index, color difference and a*/b* expressed essentially the same, and the color categories were significantly different in terms of human perception, with hue showing higher range of values. Chroma was not a good parameter to express tomato ripeness, but could be used as a good indicator of consumer acceptance when tomatoes are fully ripened. The (a*/b*² relationship had the same limitations as chroma. For vine ripened fruits, hue, color index, color difference and a*/b* could be used as objective ripening indexes. It would be interesting to find out what the best index would be if ripening took place under inadequate conditions of temperature and ilumination.A cor do tomate é a característica externa mais importante que permite determinar a maturação e estimar a vida pós-colheita, sendo por sua vez um fator importante na decisão de compra por parte do consumidor. O grau de matura

United modification of Al-24Si alloy by Al-P and Al-Ti-C master alloys

Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

韩延峰; 刘相法; 王海梅; 王振卿; 边秀房; 张均艳

2003-01-01

The modification effect of a new type of Al-P master alloy on Al-24Si alloys was investigated. It is foundthat excellent modification effect can be obtained by the addition of this new type of A1-P master alloy into Al-24Simelt and the average primary Si grain size is decreased below 47 μm from original 225 μm. It is also found that theTiC particles in the melt coming from Al8Ti2C can improve the modification effect of the Al-P master alloy. Whenthe content of TiC particles in the Al-24Si melt is 0.03 %, the improvement reaches the maximum and keeps steadywith increasing content of TiC particles. Modification effect occurs at 50 min after the addition of the Al-P master al-loy and TiC particles, and keeps stable with prolonging holding time.

Nanoporous Al sandwich foils using size effect of Al layer thickness during Cu/Al/Cu laminate rolling

Science.gov (United States)

Yu, Hailiang; Lu, Cheng; Tieu, A. Kiet; Li, Huijun; Godbole, Ajit; Kong, Charlie

2018-06-01

The roll bonding technique is one of the most widely used methods to produce metal laminate sheets. Such sheets offer interesting research opportunities for both scientists and engineers. In this paper, we report on an experimental investigation of the 'thickness effect' during laminate rolling for the first time. Using a four-high multifunction rolling mill, Cu/Al/Cu laminate sheets were fabricated with a range of thicknesses (16, 40, 70 and 130 μm) of the Al layer. The thickness of the Cu sheets was a constant 300 μm. After rolling, TEM images show good bonding quality between the Cu and Al layers. However, there are many nanoscale pores in the Al layer. The fraction of nanoscale pores in the Al layer increases with a reduction in the Al layer thickness. The finite element method was used to simulate the Cu/Al/Cu rolling process. The simulation results reveal the effect of the Al layer thickness on the deformation characteristics of the Cu/Al/Cu laminate. Finally, we propose that the size effect of the Al layer thickness during Cu/Al/Cu laminate rolling may offer a method to fabricate 'nanoporous' Al sandwich laminate foils. Such foils can be used in electromagnetic shielding of electrical devices and noisy shielding of building.

Structural stability and electronic properties of AlCu3, AlCu2Zr in AlZr3: Stabilnost strukture in elektronske lastnosti AlCu3, AlCu2Zr in AlZr3:

OpenAIRE

Cheng, Rong; Wu, Xiao-Yu

2013-01-01

First-principles calculations were performed to study the alloying stability and electronic structure of the Al-based intermetallic compounds AlCusub3, AlCusub{2}Zr and AlZrsub3. The results show that the lattice parameters obtained after the full relaxation of the crystalline cells are consistent with the experimental data, and these intermetallics have a strong alloying ability and structural stability due to their negative formation energies and their cohesive energies. A further analysis ...

Incorporation of disease resistance from Lycopersicon peruvianum L. to cultivated tomatoes, 1: Breeding of new varieties ''Ryugyoku'' etc., having resistance to Fusarium root rot and tobacco mosaic virus inherited from L. peruvianum

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Yamakawa, K.; Yasui, H.; Mochizuki, T.; Hida, K.; Komochi, S.

1987-01-01

Fusarium crown and root rot (FCR) resistance and Tobacco Mosaic Virus (TMV) resistance (Tm-2) of a wild tomato (Lycopersicon peruvianum) were incorporated into cultivated tomatoes (L. esculentum). With this material, F1 hybrid varieties 'Kagyoku, Ryugyoku' and their parental lines 'Tomato parental lines No. 4, -No. 5' were developed. In addition, 'Kagyoku, Ryugyoku' possess Fusarium wild (J1), Nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) and TMV (Tm-2a) resistance introduced from the other varieties. Among the resistances introduced from L. peruvianum, TMV resistance is simply inherited and stable enough. FCR resistance is basically monogenic, but the strong influence of the genetic background hinders the development of FCR resistant varieties with high quality and yield. Whereas 'Ryugyoku' which is highly resistant to FCR has less attractive fruit characters, 'Kagyoku' yields fruits of high quality with a comparatively low FCR resistance. In this report, the breeding process from interspecific hybridization to the development of F1 varieties and the methods of selection applied were described. Also the difficulties which arose in the process of incorporation of the resistance from the wild species were discussed

Cultivar e adubação NPK na produção de tomate salada Cultivar and NPK fertilization on yield of fresh market tomato

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Paulo Renato Z. Santos

2001-03-01

Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar o efeito de cultivar, da adubação NPK e da interação desses fatores na produção de tomate salada tutorado. O experimento foi conduzido em Pelotas (RS no ano agrícola 1995/96. Foram utilizadas cinco cultivares (Flora-Dade, Max, Empire, Pacific e Diva e três níveis (2,0, 3,5 e 5,0 t/ha de adubação NPK (3,6-7,2-10. Os tratamentos foram dispostos sob esquema fatorial em delineamento de blocos casualizados, com três repetições. As cultivares Empire e Pacific apresentaram frutos com maior peso médio do que Flora-Dade, Max e Diva. O número de frutos por planta aumentou com a elevação do nível de adubação de 2,0 para 3,5 t/ha, enquanto que o peso médio de frutos diminuiu, sem alterar a produção. As cultivares apresentaram respostas diferenciais aos níveis de adubação, em relação ao peso médio de frutos.The objective of this work was to study the effect of cultivar, NPK fertilization and the interaction on yield components of fresh market tomatoes. The experiment was carried out in Pelotas, Brazil, in 1995/96 season. Five cultivars (Flora-Dade, Max, Empire, Pacific and Diva and three fertilization levels (2.0, 3.5 and 5.0 t/ha of NPK (3.6-7.2-10 were used. The treatments were displayed under a factorial scheme, in a randomized complete block design, with three repetitions. Empire and Pacific cultivars showed higher average fruit weight than Flora-Dade, Max and Diva. The number of fruits per plant increased with the elevation of fertilization levels from 2.0 to 3.5 t/ha, while the average fruit weight diminished, without changing yield. The cultivars showed differential response to fertilization levels, in relation to average fruit weight.

/Cu-Al System

Science.gov (United States)

Kish, Orel; Froumin, Natalya; Aizenshtein, Michael; Frage, Nachum

2014-05-01

Wettability and interfacial interaction of the Ta2O5/Cu-Al system were studied. Pure Cu does not wet the Ta2O5 substrate, and improved spreading is achieved when relatively a high fraction of the active element (~40 at.% Al) was added. The Al2O3 and AlTaO4 phases were observed at the Ta2O5/Cu-Al interface. A thermodynamic evaluation allowed us to suggest that the lack of wetting bellow 40 at.% Al is due to the presence of a native oxide, which covers the drop. The conditions of the native oxide decomposition and the formation of the volatile Al2O suboxide strongly depend on the vacuum level during sessile drop experiments and the composition of the Cu-Al alloy. In our case, Al contents greater than 40% provides thermodynamic conditions for the formation of Al2O (as a result of Al reaction with Al2O3) and the drop spreading. It was suggested that the final contact angle in the Ta2O5/Cu-Al system (50°) is determined by Ta adsorption on the newly formed alumina interlayer.

Metodologi Kitab Ma‘alim al-Tanzil Karya Al-Bagawiy

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M. Rusydi Khalid

2017-12-01

This study aims to describe the metodology of Ma'a> lim al-tanzi>l book by al-Bagawi. The book is one of the books of exegesis written on the basis of hadith, which by the commentary scholars recognized avoided from heresy and weak hadith. The author of this book is Imam Abu Humaid Hussein bin Mas‘u>d al-Farra>’ Al-Bagawi al-Syafi‘i>, died in the year 510 H. This exegesis book combines the interpretation of the companions, tabi‘i>n, and tabi‘i> tabi‘i>n. Interpretation is broken down with easy, simple, and concise diction choices. The stoning of the interpretation of the salaf scholars without mentioning the sanad as already mentioned in the introduction to his book. This book was first printed in one edition with the exegesis book of Ibn Kas}i>r and al-kha>zin. This book interprets the Qur'an analytically from the beginning to the end of the surah by using the method of interpretation based on the hadith, namely by mentioning the arguments of the hadith sahih, the fatwa of the companions and the tabi‘i>n. The characteristic or purpose of this book is fiqh oriented, which tends to the Shafi‘i fiqh.   Abstrak Tulisan ini mendeskripsikan metode penafsiran dalam kitab Ma’a>lim al-tanzi>l karya al-bagawi. Kitab tafsir ini merupakan salah satu di antara kitab-kitab tafsir yang ditulis berdasarkan riwayat, yang oleh para ulama tafsir diakui terhindar dari bid’ah dan hadis dhaif (lemah. Penulis buku ini adalah Imam Abu Muhammad Husain bin Mas‘u>d al-Farra>‘ al-Bagawi al-Syafi‘i>, wafat pada tahun 510 H. Kitab ini adalah kitab pertengahan yang mengutip penafsiran para Sahabat, ta>bi‘i>n, dan tabi‘i ta>bi‘i>n. Penafsiran diuraikan dengan pilihan diksi yang mudah, sederhana, dan ringkas. Penukilan dari interpretasi ulama salaf tanpa menyebutkan sanad karena telah disebutkan dalam pendahuluan bukunya. Buku ini pertama kali dicetak dalam satu edisi dengan tafsir Ibn Kas\\i>r dan tafsir al-Kha>zin. Kitab ini menafsirkan al-Qur’an secara

ALS Association

Science.gov (United States)

... toward a world without ALS! Walk to Defeat ALS® Walk to Defeat ALS® draws people of all ... We need your help. I Will Advocate National ALS Registry The National ALS Registry is a congressionally ...

AlN nanoparticle-reinforced nanocrystalline Al matrix composites: Fabrication and mechanical properties

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Liu, Y.Q.; Cong, H.T.; Wang, W.; Sun, C.H.; Cheng, H.M.

2009-01-01

To improve the specific strength and stiffness of Al-based composites, AlN/Al nanoparticles were in-situ synthesized by arc plasma evaporation of Al in nitrogen atmosphere and consolidated by hot-pressing to fabricate AlN nanoparticle-reinforced nanocrystalline Al composites (0-39 vol.% AlN). Microstructure characterization shows that AlN nanoparticles homogeneously distribute in the matrix of Al nanocrystalline, which forms atomically bonded interfaces of AlN/Al. The hardness and the elastic modulus of the nanocomposite have been improved dramatically, up to 3.48 GPa and 142 GPa, respectively. Such improvement is believed to result from the grain refinement strengthening and the interface strengthening (load transfer) between the Al matrix and AlN nanoparticles

Comparison of one and two-neutron transfer near the Coulomb barrier for the 27Al(18O, 16O)29Al, 27Al(18O, 17O)28Al and 27Al(13C, 12C)28Al reactions

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Schiller, S.A.; Eck, J.S.

1975-01-01

Total reaction cross sections for the transfer reactions 27 Al( 18 O, 16 O) 29 Al, 27 Al( 18 O, 17 O) 28 Al and 27 Al( 13 C, 12 C) 28 Al are reported for center-of-mass energies between 13 and 20 MeV for 18 O projectiles and between 11 and 17.5 MeV for 13 C projectiles. The reaction products, 29 Al, and 28 Al, beta decay to 29 Si and 28 Si, respectively, and the subsequent γ decays of 29 Si and 28 Si were measured. Due to the relatively long beta decay half lives, data were taken in a beam-off mode, resulting in very clean spectra. Total cross sections were calculated and compared with a theoretical model for barrier penetration proposed by C.Y. Wong. Differences between 18 O induced one and two-neutron total transfer reaction cross sections are discussed. (orig.) [de

Al-matrix composite materials reinforced by Al-Cu-Fe particles

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bonneville, J; Laplanche, G; Joulain, A; Gauthier-Brunet, V; Dubois, S

2010-01-01

Al-matrix material composites were produced using hot isostatic pressing technique, starting with pure Al and icosahedral (i) Al-Cu-Fe powders. Depending on the processing temperature, the final reinforcement particles are either still of the initial i-phase or transformed into the tetragonal ω-Al0 0.70 Cu 0.20 Fe 0.10 crystalline phase. Compression tests performed in the temperature range 293K - 823K on the two types of composite, i.e. Al/i and Al/ω, indicate that the flow stress of both composites is strongly temperature dependent and exhibit distinct regimes with increasing temperature. Differences exist between the two composites, in particular in yield stress values. In the low temperature regime (T ≤ 570K), the yield stress of the Al/ω composite is nearly 75% higher than that of the Al/i composite, while for T > 570K both composites exhibit similar yield stress values. The results are interpreted in terms of load transfer contribution between the matrix and the reinforcement particles and elementary dislocation mechanisms in the Al matrix.

Piezo-tunnel effect in Al/Al2O3/Al junctions elaborated by atomic layer deposition

Science.gov (United States)

Rafael, R.; Puyoo, E.; Malhaire, C.

2017-11-01

In this work, the electrical transport in Al/Al2O3/Al junctions under mechanical stress is investigated in the perspective to use them as strain sensors. The metal/insulator/metal junctions are elaborated with a low temperature process (≤200 °C) fully compatible with CMOS back-end-of-line. The conduction mechanism in the structure is found to be Fowler-Nordheim tunneling, and efforts are made to extract the relevant physical parameters. Gauge factors up to -32.5 were found in the fabricated devices under tensile stress. Finally, theoretical mechanical considerations give strong evidence that strain sensitivity in Al/Al2O3/Al structures originates not only from geometrical deformations but also from the variation of interface barrier height and/or effective electronic mass in the tunneling oxide layer.

Generation and evolution of nanoscale AlP and Al{sub 13}Fe{sub 4} particles in Al-Fe-P system

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Qiao, Huan; Gao, Tong; Zhu, Xiangzhen; Wu, Yuying; Qian, Zhao; Liu, Xiangfa, E-mail: xfliu@sdu.edu.cn

2015-02-15

Highlights: • Diffusion and gradual solid reactions between Al and Fe{sub x}P phases in Al-Fe-P alloy were investigated. • Nanoscale AlP clusters are in-situ generated and evolve during the whole process. • This novel Al-Fe-P alloy has an excellent low-temperature refining performance on hypereutectic Al-Si alloy. - Abstract: In this paper, the gradual solid reactions between Al and Fe{sub x}P phases in Al-Fe-P alloy were investigated. The results show that the whole reaction process undergoes four main stages: the diffusion of Al atom, the generation of (Al, Fe, P) intermediate compound, the precipitation of nano AlP and Al{sub 13}Fe{sub 4} clusters and their growth to submicron particles. The microstructure of Fe-P particles evolves from the “egg-type”, the “sponge-type” to the “sesame-cake” structure. AlP and Al{sub 13}Fe{sub 4} nano phases have in-situ generated and evolved during the whole process. The gradual reaction mechanism has been discussed. Furthermore, a novel Al-Fe-P alloy which contains (Al, Fe, P) intermediate compounds and nano AlP particles has been synthesized and its low-temperature refining performance on A390 alloy has also been investigated.

Resposta de fêmeas de Encarsia formosa Gahan (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae aos odores do hospedeiro e da planta-hospedeira em olfatômetro de quatro vias Response of female Encarsia formosa Gahan (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae to host and plant-host odors

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Kátia Maria Medeiros de Siqueira

2003-01-01

Full Text Available A crescente importância da mosca-branca Bemisia tabaci raça B (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae como praga agrícola tem incentivado a busca de inimigos naturais que possam ser utilizados em programas de controle biológico. Estudou-se a atração de fêmeas de Encarsia formosa (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae aos odores emanados pelo seu hospedeiro - a mosca-branca B. tabaci raça B - em plantas de tomate, em olfatômetro de quatro vias. O parasitóide não apresentou atração aos odores da planta de tomate nem ao complexo planta de tomate-ninfas de B. tabaci.The increasing importance of the whitefly Bemisia tabaci race B (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae as one of the major agricultural pest of this century, has resulted in a search for natural enemies that can be used in biological control programs. The response of naive females of Encarsia formosa (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidaeto volatiles from its hostspecies: insect (B. tabacci race B and plant (Lycopersicom esculentum Mill. were tested using 4-nose olfactometre. Parasitoid was not attracted by neither or insect hostspecies volatile.

Farelo de tomate (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill. na alimentação de poedeiras comerciais - DOI: 10.4025/actascianimsci.v29i4.997 Tomato meal (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill. in the diet of laying hens - DOI: 10.4025/actascianimsci.v29i4.997

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Wilson Moreira Dutra Júnior

2008-03-01

Full Text Available Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito da inclusão de diferentes níveis do farelo de tomate (FT sobre o desempenho zootécnico e características dos ovos de poedeiras comerciais. Foram alojadas em gaiolas 200 aves da linhagem Dekalb White, com 30 semanas de idade, durante três períodos de 21 dias cada um. O delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente casualizado, com cinco tratamentos e cinco repetições de oito aves cada. Os tratamentos consistiram de uma dieta referência e inclusões de 5, 10, 15 e 20% do (FT. Para o consumo de ração, houve aumento à medida que se aumentou o nível de inclusão do farelo. Para a conversão alimentar por dúzia de ovos, conversão alimentar por massa de ovos, percentagem de postura e massa de ovos produzida, 5% foi o nível de inclusão que proporcionou os melhores resultados. O FT provocou diminuição linear no peso e percentagem de gema, no entanto, até 15% de inclusão, obtiveram-se gemas mais pesadas quando comparadas com as da ração-referência. O farelo de tomate pode ser utilizado como ingrediente alternativo nas rações para poedeiras comerciais. O nível recomendado seria de até 5% de inclusão, para melhores resultados de desempenho zootécnico. Utilizando-se até 15%, não houve interferência no rendimento das partes dos ovos.The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of different inclusion levels of tomato meal (TM on performance and egg quality. Two hundred Dekalb White birds, 30 weeks old, were allocated in cages during three periods of 21 days each. The experimental design was completely randomized, with five treatments and five repetitions of eight birds each. The treatments were: a control diet, and four diets with different inclusion levels of TM (5, 10, 15 and 20%. The birds’ feed consumption increased as the inclusion level of tomato meal in the diet was raised. For egg production, egg mass, feed conversion per mass and dozen of eggs, the level of 5% was the best. TM

Japanese version of the ALS-FTD-Questionnaire (ALS-FTD-Q-J).

Science.gov (United States)

Watanabe, Yasuhiro; Beeldman, Emma; Raaphorst, Joost; Izumi, Yuishin; Yoshino, Hiide; Masuda, Michihito; Atsuta, Naoki; Ito, Satoru; Adachi, Tadashi; Adachi, Yoshiki; Yokota, Osamu; Oda, Masaya; Hanashima, Ritsuko; Ogino, Mieko; Ichikawa, Hiroo; Hasegawa, Kazuko; Kimura, Hideki; Shimizu, Toshio; Aiba, Ikuko; Yabe, Hayato; Kanba, Makoto; Kusumi, Kimiyoshi; Aoki, Tetsuya; Hiroe, Yu; Watanabe, Hirohisa; Nishiyama, Kazutoshi; Nomoto, Masahiro; Sobue, Gen; Nakashima, Kenji

2016-08-15

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) share common clinical, genetic and neuropathological features. Some ALS patients have behavioral/personality changes, which could result in significant obstacles in the care provided by family members and caregivers. An easy screening tool would contribute greatly to the evaluation of these symptoms. We translated the ALS-FTD-Questionnaire, developed in the Netherlands, into Japanese (ALS-FTD-Q-J) and examined the clinimetric properties (internal consistency, construct and clinical validity). Patients with ALS and/or behavioral variant FTD (bvFTD) were evaluated alongside healthy controls in this multicenter study. All ALS patients, regardless of bvFTD status, were further evaluated by the frontal behavioral inventory (FBI) and for frontal/executive function, cognition, anxiety/depression, and motor functions. Data from 146 subjects were analyzed: ALS (92), ALS-bvFTD (6), bvFTD (16), and healthy controls (32). The internal consistency of the ALS-FTD-Q-J was good (Cronbach α=0.92). The ALS-FTD-Q-J showed construct validity as it exhibited a high correlation with the FBI (r=0.79). However, correlations were moderate with anxiety/depression and low with cognitive scales, in contrast to the original report, i.e. a moderate correlation with cognition and a low correlation with anxiety/depression. The ALS-FTD-Q-J discriminated ALS patients from (ALS-)bvFTD patients and controls. Thus, the ALS-FTD-Q-J is useful for evaluating Japanese ALS/FTD patients. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Radiation detection with Nb/Al-AlOx/Al/Nb superconducting tunnel junctions

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Matsumura, Atsuki; Takahashi, Toru; Kurakado, Masahiko

1992-01-01

Superconductor radiation detectors have the possibility of 20-30 times better energy resolution than that of a high resolution Si detector. We fabricated Nb/Al-AlOx/Al/Nb superconducting tunnel junctions with low leakage current. X rays were detected with large area junctions of 178x178 μm 2 . High energy resolution of 160 eV for 5.9 keV was obtained. We also fabricated series connected junctions which covers a rather large area of 4x4 mm 2 . α particles injected into the rear substrate were detected using nonthermal phonons induced by the radiations in the substrate. (author)

ALS-Plus Syndrome: Non-Pyramidal Features in a Large ALS Cohort

Science.gov (United States)

McCluskey, Leo; Vandriel, Shannon; Elman, Lauren; Van Deerlin, Vivianna M.; Powers, John; Boller, Ashley; Wood, Elisabeth McCarty; Woo, John; McMillan, Corey T.; Rascovsky, Katya; Grossman, Murray

2014-01-01

Objective Autopsy studies show widespread pathology in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), but clinical surveys of multisystem disease in ALS are rare. We investigated ALS-Plus syndrome, an understudied group of patients with clinical features extending beyond pyramidal and neuromuscular systems with or without cognitive/behavioral deficits. Methods In a large, consecutively-ascertained cohort of 550 patients with ALS, we documented atypical clinical manifestations. Genetic screening for C9orf72 hexanucleotide expansions was performed in 343 patients, and SOD1, TARDBP, and VCP were tested in the subgroup of patients with a family history of ALS. Gray matter and white matter imaging was available in a subgroup of 30 patients. Results Seventy-five (13.6%) patients were identified with ALS-Plus syndrome. We found disorders of ocular motility, cerebellar, extrapyramidal and autonomic functioning. Relative to those without ALS-Plus, cognitive impairment (8.0% vs 2.9%, p=0.029), bulbar-onset (49.3% vs 23.2%, pALS-Plus. Survival was significantly shorter in ALS-Plus (29.66 months vs 42.50 months, p=0.02), regardless of bulbar-onset or mutation status. Imaging revealed significantly greater cerebellar and cerebral disease in ALS-Plus compared to those without ALS-Plus. Conclusions ALS-Plus syndrome is not uncommon, and the presence of these atypical features is consistent with neuropathological observations that ALS is a multisystem disorder. ALS-Plus syndrome is associated with increased risk for poor survival and the presence of a pathogenic mutation. PMID:25086858

Evaluación de algunos insecticidas para el control de la «polilla del tomate», Tuta absoluta (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae y su efecto residual sobre el parasitoide Trichogrammatoidea bactrae (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae Efficacy of insecticides against the «tomato moth», Tuta absoluta (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae and their residual effects on the parasitoid Trichogrammatoidea bactrae (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

María B. Riquelme Virgala

2006-12-01

Full Text Available La «polilla del tomate», Tuta absoluta (Meyrick, es una plaga clave de este cultivo en Argentina. Su manejo integrado debería incluir una selección de productos fitosanitarios que sean eficaces para su control y, al mismo tiempo, selectivos respecto de sus enemigos naturales. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar la capacidad de control de los insecticidas triflumurón, clorfenapir, abamectin y una cepa experimental de Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt sobre la plaga, y el poder residual de los mismos sobre Trichogrammatoidea bactrae Nagaraja. Se registró la mortalidad de la polilla cada cuatro días, desde la aplicación hasta la emergencia de los adultos. El efecto sobre el parasitoide, se evaluó a través del número de huevos parasitados por hembra expuesta durante 48 horas a folíolos tratados, y su mortalidad luego de 1, 3, 7, 14 y 30 días de la pulverización. Todos los productos ocasionaron una mortalidad de T. absoluta mayor al 65% después de 12 días de aplicados. El Bt fue el único insecticida que no afectó la supervivencia y el parasitismo de T. bactrae . Estos resultados aportan información de interés para la selección de plaguicidas, a emplearse en programas de manejo integrado.The «tomato moth», Tuta absoluta (Meyrick is one of the key pests of tomato crops in Argentina. The compatible use of chemical and biological control is the main purpose of integrated pest management. Selective pesticides that can be successfully used to control pest without adverse side effects on natural enemies are highly required. The aim of this work was to evaluate the efficacy of control of T. absoluta and the residual effect on the oophagous parasitoid, Trichogrammatoidea bactrae Nagaraja of the following insecticides: triflumuron, abamectin, chlorfenapyr, and an experimental strain of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt. Mortality of T. absoluta was evaluated every 4 days from pesticide spraying until adult emergency. The effect of pesticides on

Tailoring ultrafine grained and dispersion-strengthened Ti 2 AlC/TiAl ...

Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

In situ Ti 2 AlC/TiAl composite was fabricated by hot-pressing method via the reaction system of Ti 3 AlC 2 and Ti-Al pre-alloyed powders at low temperature of 1150 ∘ C. The composite mainly consisted of TiAl, Ti 3 Al and Ti 2 AlC phases. Fine Ti 2 AlC particles were homogeneously distributed and dispersed in the matrix.

Desenvolvimento e atividade do fitocosmético contendo licopeno para o combate à aceleração do envelhecimento cutâneo

OpenAIRE

Cefali, Letícia Caramori [UNESP

2009-01-01

O licopeno é um carotenóide com poderosa ação antioxidante, encontrado em maior quantidade no tomate, utilizado no combate a inúmeras doenças como vários tipos de câncer, dentre eles o de próstata, e doenças cardiovasculares. Sua ação tópica é pouco explorada e, por isso, a proposta de ser utilizado no combate à aceleração do envelhecimento cutâneo, incorporado em uma emulsão. Um estudo preliminar foi realizado para a escolha do tipo de tomate que apresenta maior concentração de licopeno e/ou...

Assessing behavioural changes in ALS: cross-validation of ALS-specific measures.

Science.gov (United States)

Pinto-Grau, Marta; Costello, Emmet; O'Connor, Sarah; Elamin, Marwa; Burke, Tom; Heverin, Mark; Pender, Niall; Hardiman, Orla

2017-07-01

The Beaumont Behavioural Inventory (BBI) is a behavioural proxy report for the assessment of behavioural changes in ALS. This tool has been validated against the FrSBe, a non-ALS-specific behavioural assessment, and further comparison of the BBI against a disease-specific tool was considered. This study cross-validates the BBI against the ALS-FTD-Q. Sixty ALS patients, 8% also meeting criteria for FTD, were recruited. All patients were evaluated using the BBI and the ALS-FTD-Q, completed by a carer. Correlational analysis was performed to assess construct validity. Precision, sensitivity, specificity, and overall accuracy of the BBI when compared to the ALS-FTD-Q, were obtained. The mean score of the whole sample on the BBI was 11.45 ± 13.06. ALS-FTD patients scored significantly higher than non-demented ALS patients (31.6 ± 14.64, 9.62 ± 11.38; p ALS-FTD-Q was observed (r = 0.807, p ALS-FTD-Q. Good construct validity has been further confirmed when the BBI is compared to an ALS-specific tool. Furthermore, the BBI is a more comprehensive behavioural assessment for ALS, as it measures the whole behavioural spectrum in this condition.

Plastic deformation of Al13Fe4 particles in Al-Al13Fe4 by high-speed compression

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Yoneyama, N.; Mizoguchi, K.; Kumai, S.; Sato, A.; Kiritani, M.

2003-01-01

Spray-formed Al-Fe alloys having undergone high-speed deformation were examined under a high-voltage electron microscope. Two types of specimens were examined; one containing fine Al 13 Fe 4 particles, and the other containing large particles. In the former specimen, deformation is found to proceed in three patterns, depending on specimen thickness and strain rate: (1) without deformation of the Al 13 Fe 4 ; (2) breaking of the Al 13 Fe 4 ; or (3) melting of the Al 13 Fe 4 . Local melting is found to alter some of the Al 13 Fe 4 particles, to impart five-fold symmetry in diffraction or an amorphous structure. In the latter specimen, introduction of glide dislocations enabled us to determine a shear system in the mc102 monoclinic c2/m crystal of Al 13 Fe 4 . On the bases of these observations, the mechanism of high-speed deformation is discussed while taking into account the highly stressed and/or heated states of Al 13 Fe 4 embedded in Al matrix

Synthesis and characterization of pillared bentonite with Al, AL/Fe and impregnated with Pd; Sintese e caracterizacao de bentonitas pilarizadas com Al, AL/Fe e impregnadas com Pd

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Silva, Marcus Vinicius Costa; Pizarro, Alejandro Herrero; Molina, Carmen Belen, E-mail: marcus.ufpa@yahoo.com.br [Universidade Federal do Para (UFPA), Belem, PA (Brazil). Instituto de Tecnologia. Faculdade de Engenharia Quimica; Seccion de Ingenieria Quimica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autonoma de Madri (Spain)

2017-10-01

In this work, a north american bentonite was pillared with Al and Al/Fe, creating the Al-PILC and Al-Fe-PILC, respectively. Then the Pd was impregnated in the materials, generating Pd-Al-PILC and Pd-Al-Fe-PILC, respectively. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, differential thermal analysis and thermogravimetric and N{sub 2} adsorption at 77 K to determine the specific surface area by BET method (Brunauer - Emmett - Teller). There was an increase in the basal spacing of bentonite from 12.4Å in the original sample to 17.81Å in the Al-Fe-PILC, 17.20Å in Pd-Al-PILC and 17.05Å in the Pd-Al-Fe-PILC. The specific surface area increased from 19.05m{sup 2}/g in the original sample to 173.49m{sup 2}/g in Al-Fe-PILC, 101.31m{sup 2}/g to Pd-Al-PILC and 92m{sup 2}/g in Pd-Al-Fe-PILC. The pillaring process was successful and the synthesized materials have great potential for use as catalysts. (author)

Electrodeposition of Al from a 1-butylpyrrolidine-AlCl3 ionic liquid

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Giridhar Pulletikurthi

2015-12-01

Full Text Available The addition of 1-butylpyrrolidine to AlCl3 results in the formation of an electrolyte that is suited to Al deposition. The feasibility of electrodepositing Al from the synthesized electrolyte was investigated. Several compositions of AlCl3 and 1-butylpyrrolidine were prepared for this purpose. These mixtures show a different phase behavior at various compositions of AlCl3 and 1-butylpyrrolidine. IR, Raman and NMR spectroscopy were employed to characterize the synthesized liquids. Among the prepared compositions, 1:1.2 mol ratio of 1-butylpyrrolidine:AlCl3 and the upper phase of 1:1.3 mol ratio of 1-butylpyrrolidine:AlCl3 were found to be suitable for Al electrodeposition at room temperature (RT. Uniform and thick (~µm thick layers of Al were obtained on copper at RT. Al deposition occured from the cationic species of AlCl3−xLy+ (where x≤2, y=1–2, and L=1-butylpyrrolidine in this electrolyte. This behavior is contrary to the well investigated classic AlCl3 based ionic liquids, where the deposition of Al occurs mainly from anionic Al2Cl7− ions.

Behavior and pollination efficiency of Nannotrigona perilampoides (Hymenoptera: Meliponini) on greenhouse tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum) in subtropical México.

Science.gov (United States)

Cauich, Orlando; Quezada-Euán, José Javier G; Macias-Macias, José Octavio; Reyes-Oregel, Vicente; Medina-Peralta, Salvador; Parra-Tabla, Victor

2004-04-01

The acclimation, foraging behavior, and pollination efficiency of stingless bees of the species Nannotrigona perilampoides Cresson were evaluated in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) plants cultivated in two greenhouses. The greenhouses were divided into three areas of 16 m2, and one of the following treatments was used for pollination: stingless bees (SB), mechanical vibration (MV), and no pollination (NP). Observations were conducted once a week from 0800 to 1600 hours during 2 mo. The acclimation of the bees to the greenhouses was estimated by the number of bees that did not return to the hive (lost bees) and by comparing the population of the colonies (brood and adults). The foraging activity of the bees across the day was evaluated by comparing the number of foragers per hour. The influence of environmental variables on the foraging activity was also analyzed. The pollination efficiency was compared among treatments through the percentage of fruit set, weight of individual fruit, kilograms of fruit produced per square meter, and the number of seed per fruit. The bees started foraging on the flowers approximately 7 d after the colonies were introduced to the greenhouse. There was a decline in the population of the colonies across the experiment, but colonies did not die out. Correlations of environmental variables with the foraging activity of the bees showed that none of them had a significant influence on pollen foraging. However, water collection was positively correlated with the temperature and negatively correlated with the humidity inside the greenhouse. The estimation of the pollination efficiency per treatment showed that there were significant differences in fruit set in SB (83 +/- 4.2) and MV (78.5 +/- 6.4) compared with NP (52.6 +/- 7.6). However, the average weight of the fruit was similar for the three treatments (65 g). There were significant differences for seed number in SB (200 +/- 15.3) and MV (232 +/- 21.4) compared with NP (120 +/- 16

Orientation of Al3Ti platelets in Al-Al3Ti functionally graded material manufactured by centrifugal method

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Watanabe, Y.; Fukui, Y.

1997-01-01

Al-Al 3 Ti functionally graded materials (FGMs) were manufactured by the centrifugal method with a commercial ingot of Al-5 mass% Ti master alloy. The alloy was melted at a liquid/solid coexisting temperature, at which Al 3 Ti remains as a solid, and then it was cast into a thick-walled ring. It was found that the Al-Al 3 Ti functionally graded material can be successfully fabricated by the centrifugal method. It was also found that the volume fraction of the Al 3 Ti can be increased by repetition of the centrifugal method. Since the shape of Al 3 Ti particles in a commercial alloy ingot is that of a platelet, the Al 3 Ti particles are arranged with their platelet planes nearly perpendicular to the radial direction. The orientation effects become stronger when the G number becomes larger. Although the final centrifugal casting was conducted under a very large centrifugal force for the specimen cast three times, the orientation effects were weaker than those in the specimen cast one time. From these observations, it is concluded that the origin of orientation of Al 3 Ti platelets can be attributed to the angular velocity gradient of the melt along the radial direction produced by the difference in the viscosity. (orig.)

In situ synthesis of Ti{sub 2}AlC–Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}/TiAl composite by vacuum sintering mechanically alloyed TiAl powder coated with CNTs

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Wang, Jian [Department of Materials Science and Engineering of Tianjin University, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, Tianjin 300072 (China); Zhao, Naiqin, E-mail: nqzhao@tju.edu.cn [State Key Laboratory of Hydraulic Engineering Simulation and Safety, Tianjin (China); Department of Materials Science and Engineering of Tianjin University, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, Tianjin 300072 (China); Nash, Philip [Thermal Processing Technology Center, Illinois Institute of Technology, IL (United States); Liu, Enzuo; He, Chunnian; Shi, Chunsheng; Li, Jiajun [Department of Materials Science and Engineering of Tianjin University, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, Tianjin 300072 (China)

2013-11-25

Highlights: •Using zwitterionic surfactant to enhance the dispersion of the CNTs on the powder surface. •CNTs as carbon source decreased the formation temperature of Ti{sub 2}AlC. •Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} was generated in situ from the oxygen atoms introduced in the drying procedure. •Nanosized Ti{sub 3}Al was precipitated at 1250 °C and distribute in the TiAl matrix homogeneously. •Ti{sub 2}AlC–Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}/TiAl composite was synthesized in situ by sintering pre-alloy Ti–Al coated with CNTs. -- Abstract: Bulk Ti{sub 2}AlC–Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}/TiAl composites were in situ synthesized by vacuum sintering mechanically alloyed Ti–50 at.% Al powders coated with carbon nanotubes (CNTs). The pre-alloyed Ti–50 at.% Al powder was obtained by ball milling Ti and Al powders. The multi-walled carbon nanotubes as the carbon resource were covered on the surface of the pre-alloyed powders by immersing them into a water solution containing the CNTs. A zwitterionic surfactant was used to enhance the dispersion of the CNTs on the powder surface. The samples were cold pressed and sintered in vacuum at temperatures from 950 to 1250 °C, respectively. The results show that the reaction of forming Ti{sub 2}AlC can be achieved below 950 °C, which is 150 °C lower than in the Ti–Al–TiC system and 250 °C lower than for the Ti–Al–C system due to the addition of CNTs. Additionally, the reinforcement of Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} particles was introduced in situ in Ti{sub 2}AlC/TiAl by the drying process and subsequent sintering of the composite powders. Dense Ti{sub 2}AlC–Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}/TiAl composites were obtained by sintering at 1250 °C and exhibited a homogeneous distribution of Ti{sub 2}AlC, Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} and precipitated Ti{sub 3}Al particles and a resulting high hardness.

Validação de método para determinação de resíduos de agrotóxicos em tomate: uma experiência laboratorial Method validation for determination of pesticide residues in tomatoes: a laboratorial experience

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Maria Helena Wohlers Morelli Cardoso

2010-05-01

Full Text Available Um modelo de procedimento para validação de método de ensaio para determinação de cinco agrotóxicos (γ - HCH, clorotalonil, fenitrotiona, clorpirifós e procimidona em matriz tomate é demonstrado através da análise cromatográfica. A amostra processada é extraída com 30 mL de acetona e em seguida com 60 mL de uma mistura diclometano: éter de petróleo (1:1. O volume total é centrifugado e a alíquota orgânica é filtrada sob Na2SO4. Um mililitro de extrato orgânico é concentrado e dissolvido em um mililitro de iso-octano. Um microlitro do extrato é analisado no cromatógrafo a gás com detector por captura de elétrons - CG/DCE. Foram avaliados seletividade, linearidade, repetitividade, recuperação e limites de detecção e de quantificação. As recuperações obtidas variaram de 70 a 110%, considerando-se os níveis de adição de agrotóxicos/amostra de 0,02 a 2,50 mg.kg-1. Os limites de detecção do método variaram de 0,004 a 0,006 mg.kg-1 e os de quantificação entre 0,014 e 0,020 mg.kg-1.A validation procedure model of a multiresidue method is presented for chromatographic analyses of five pesticides residues γ-HCH, chlorothalonil, fenitrothion, chlorpyrifos and procymidone applied on tomatoes. The tomatoes were processed and extracted by acetone plus a mixture of dichloromethane:petroleum benzine (1:1. The volume was centrifuged and was then filtered under Na2SO4. One milliliter of organic extract was concentrated then diluted in isooctane and one microliter was analyzed in the gas chromatograph with electron capture detector - GC/ECD. The parameters evaluated were selectivity, linearity, repeatability, recovery, and limits of detection and quantification. The recovery ranged from 70 to 110% in the concentration range of 0.02 to 2.50 mg.kg-1. The limits of detection ranged from 0.004 to 0.006 mg.kg-1 and the limits of quantification were between 0.014 to 0.02 mg.kg-1.

27Al NMR studies of NpPd5Al2

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Chudo, H.; Sakai, H.; Tokunaga, Y.; Kambe, S.; Aoki, D.; Homma, Y.; Shiokawa, Y.; Haga, Y.; Ikeda, S.; Matsuda, T.D.; Onuki, Y.; Yasuoka, H.

2009-01-01

We present 27 Al NMR studies for a single crystal of the Np-based superconductor NpPd 5 Al 2 (T c =4.9K). We have observed a five-line 27 Al NMR spectrum with a center line and four satellite lines separated by first-order nuclear quadrupole splittings. The Knight shift clearly drops below T c . The temperature dependence of the 27 Al nuclear spin-lattice relaxation rate shows no coherence peak below T c , indicating that NpPd 5 Al 2 is an unconventional superconductor with an anisotropic gap. The analysis of the present NMR data provides evidence for strong-coupling d-wave superconductivity in NpPd 5 Al 2 .

Magnetic tunnel junctions with AlN and AlNxOy barriers

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Schwickert, M. M.; Childress, J. R.; Fontana, R. E.; Kellock, A. J.; Rice, P. M.; Ho, M. K.; Thompson, T. J.; Gurney, B. A.

2001-01-01

Nonoxide tunnel barriers such as AlN are of interest for magnetic tunnel junctions to avoid the oxidation of the magnetic electrodes. We have investigated the fabrication and properties of thin AlN-based barriers for use in low resistance magnetic tunnel junctions. Electronic, magnetic and structural data of tunnel valves of the form Ta (100 Aa)/PtMn (300 Aa)/CoFe 20 (20 Aa - 25 Aa)/barrier/CoFe 20 (10 - 20 Aa)/NiFe 16 (35 - 40 Aa)/Ta (100 Aa) are presented, where the barrier consists of AlN, AlN x O y or AlN/AlO x with total thicknesses between 8 and 15 Aa. The tunnel junctions were sputter deposited and then lithographically patterned down to 2 x 2μm 2 devices. AlN was deposited by reactive sputtering from an Al target with 20% - 35% N 2 in the Ar sputter gas at room temperature, resulting in stoichiometric growth of AlN x (x=0.50±0.05), as determined by RBS. TEM analysis shows that the as-deposited AlN barrier is crystalline. For AlN barriers and AlN followed by natural O 2 oxidation, we obtain tunnel magnetoresistance >10% with specific junction resistance R j down to 60Ωμm 2 . [copyright] 2001 American Institute of Physics

Comportamento pós-colheita das características químicas, bioquímicas e físicas de frutos de tomateiros heterozigotos nos locos alcobaça e ripening inhibitort Post-harvest behaviour of chemical, biochemical and physical aspects of tomato fruits heterozygous in alcobaça and ripening inhibitor loci

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Alcides Militão dos Santos Junior

2003-08-01

Full Text Available Os alelos mutantes alc e rin retardam o processo de amadurecimento do tomate (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill., interferindo principalmente na síntese de pigmentos carotenóides e na firmeza dos frutos. Com este trabalho, objetivou-se avaliar e comparar os efeitos dos alelos mutantes alc e rin, em heterozigose (alc+/alc e rin+/rin sobre características químicas, bioquímicas e físicas de frutos de tomateiro em três estádios de maturação. Os alelos alc e rin em heterozigose não exerceram influência marcante sobre o teor de sólidos solúveis totais dos frutos nos estádios de maturação apropriados para o consumo. O genótipo rin+/rinatuou mais intensamente no sentido de reduzir os teores de licopeno e, conseqüentemente, promover maior deficiência na coloração vermelha dos frutos quando comparado ao efeito do genótipo alc+/alc. Nos frutos maduros, a atividade da enzima pectinametilesterase sofreu maior redução pela ação do genótipo rin+/rin. O genótipo alc+/alc foi mais eficiente em reduzir a atividade da poligalacturonase. No estádio breaker, não houve influência dos alelos em heterozigose sobre os teores de celulose, hemicelulose e pectina dos frutos. No estádio intermediário, o genótipo rin+/rin promoveu redução na fração hemicelulose. No estádio maduro, o alelo rin em heterozigose promoveu redução significativa nos teores de celulose e pectina do material da parede celular.The ripening mutants alc and rin delay tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. ripening and affect synthesis of carotenoids pigments and fruit firmness. This paper reports on the comparative effects of heterozygous alc and rin genotipes (alc+/alc and rin+/rin on chemical, biochemical and physical aspects of tomato fruit during three ripening stages. Neither alc+/alc nor rin+/rin influenced total solids contents in the intermediary or fully ripe stages. The genotype rin+/rin brought about a more marked reduction in lycopene than alc

A study of the Al-rich part of the Al-Re alloy system

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Balanetskyy, S.; Grushko, B.

2008-01-01

The Al-rich part of the Al-Re phase diagram was reinvestigated by scanning and transmission electron microscopy, powder X-ray diffraction and differential thermal analysis. The earlier reported Al 12 Re, Al 6 Re, and Al 11 Re 4 phases were confirmed. Close to the Al 4 Re composition a high-temperature h-Al 4 Re and a low-temperature l-Al 4 Re phase were found to be formed at slightly different compositions. Both exhibited compositional ranges. A new phase was revealed close to the Al 3 Re composition. The Al 11 Re 4 phase is formed congruently at 1650 deg. C, Al 3 Re peritectically at 1610 deg. C, h-Al 4 Re peritectically at 1410 deg. C, l-Al 4 Re peritectically at ∼1000 deg. C, Al 6 Re peritectically at 813 deg. C and Al 12 Re peritectically at 746 deg. C. Finally, the Al 12 Re-(Al) eutectic is formed at 658 deg. C. The Al 3 Re and h-Al 4 Re are decomposed by eutectoid reactions at ∼946 and 833 deg., respectively. The structure of the h-Al 4 Re phase has not yet been clarified, but it is distinctly different from the Al 4 W phase suggested earlier. The structure of l-Al 4 Re was confirmed. The Al 3 Re phase was found to have a monoclinic structure with a = 0.5180(4) nm, b = 3.97641(9) nm, c = 0.4955(3) nm and β = 99.55(7) o

Abu al-Layth al-Libi

Science.gov (United States)

2015-02-01

success. As an Arab participant acknowledged very early on, “the situation was really harsh. All the brothers were tired,” as they lacked food and... glorious battles that occurred during the early Islamic period.133 He stressed the importance of the battlefield as the path to achieve honor and dignity...diaspora in Waziristan. In the words of Walid Othmani, a French jihadi trained by al-Qa`ida in Waziristan in 2008, “[Al-Libi] was someone well-known and

Agronomic efficiency of intercropping tomato and lettuce

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Arthur B. Cecílio Filho

2011-09-01

Full Text Available Four experiments were carried out at the São Paulo State University, Brazil, with the aim of determining the agronomic viability of intercropping tomato and lettuce, under greenhouse conditions. The studied intercropping systems were established by transplanting lettuce at 0, 10, 20 and 30 days after transplanting (DAT tomato and by transplanting tomato at 0, 10, 20 and 30 DAT lettuce. Intercropped tomato and lettuce were evaluated during two seasons and compared to their sole cropping. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with nine treatments. The productivity and the classification of the tomato fruits were not influenced by having lettuce intercropped with it, but lettuce production was lowered when tomato was intercropped with it. The longer the delay in lettuce transplanting, the greater the reduction in its productivity. There was an effect of cropping season on the extent of the agronomic advantage of intercropping over sole cropping. In the first cropping season, intercropping established by transplanting lettuce during the interval between 30 days before up to 20 DAT tomato yielded land use efficiency (LUE indices of 1.63 to 2.22. In the second period, intercropping established with the transplanting of lettuce up to 30 days before tomato yielded LUE indices of 1.57 to 2.05.Quatro experimentos foram conduzidos na Unesp, Brasil, com o objetivo de determinar a viabilidade agronômica de cultivos consorciados de alface e tomate em ambiente protegido. Consórcios estabelecidos por transplantes da alface aos 0, 10, 20 e 30 dias após o transplante (DAT do tomate e de tomate aos 0, 10, 20 e 30 DAT da alface, foram avaliados em duas épocas e comparados às suas monoculturas. Cada experimento foi conduzido em delineamento de blocos ao acaso, com nove tratamentos. Verificou-se que a produtividade do tomate e a classificação dos frutos não foram influenciadas pela alface, mas a produção da alface foi menor em cons

SAP-like ultrafine-grained Al composites dispersion strengthened with nanometric AlN

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Balog, M.; Krizik, P.; Yan, M.; Simancik, F.; Schaffer, G.B.; Qian, M.

2013-01-01

This paper reports the development of novel Sinter-Aluminum-Pulver (SAP)-like Al–AlN nanocomposites via replacing the native Al 2 O 3 thin films on fine Al powder with a large volume fraction of in situ formed nanometric AlN dispersoids. Fine gas-atomized Al powder (d 50 =1.3 µm) compacts were first partially nitrided at 590 °C in flowing nitrogen, controlled by a small addition of Sn (0.3–0.4 wt%), and subsequently consolidated by hot direct extrusion. The resulting Al–AlN composites consisted of submicrometric Al grains reinforced with nanometric AlN dispersoids together with some nanometric Al 2 O 3 dispersoids. An Al–13 vol% AlN nanocomposite fabricated this way achieved exceptional ultimate tensile strength of 227 MPa, yield strength of 195 MPa and Young's modulus of 66 GPa at 300 °C, superior to typical SAP materials and coarse grained Al–AlN composites. In addition, the Al–13 vol% AlN nanocomposite exhibited good thermal stability up to 500 °C. The strengthening mechanism is discussed

Analisis Kecenderungan Manhaj Akidah Shaykh Shams al-Din al-Sumatera’i

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MOHD HAIDHAR KAMARZAMAN

2016-12-01

Full Text Available Shaykh Shams al-Din al-Sumatera'i is a very great and respected scholar during 16th and 17th century of Acheh. His knowledge in various fields recognized by local and international scholars. He had been a Qadi Malik al-’Adil, a religious leader, who became a referred by communities and country during the reign of the three Sultans of Aceh. He has authored nearly 40 pieces of books related to the theology and sufism. This study focuses on the methods used by Shaykh Shams al-Din al-Sumatera'i in his theological writings. This study found that Shaykh Shams al-Din al-Sumatera'i had used six methods in the such writings.

Efeitos do estádio de desenvolvimento da antera e da radiação gama na formação de calos derivados de anteras de tomate Anther development stage and gamma radiation effects on tomato anther-derived callus formation

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Ana Christina R. Brasileiro

1999-10-01

Full Text Available Este trabalho foi conduzido visando: (I determinar a influência do estádio de desenvolvimento de anteras de tomate sobre a formação de calos e (II analisar o efeito da radiação gama no cultivo in vitro de anteras. No primeiro experimento, anteras de híbridos de tomate IPA 5 x Rotam 4 (F1 foram cultivadas em três meios nutritivos. Apesar da formação de calos ter sido induzida em todos os estádios de desenvolvimento, variando de prófase I à micrósporo mononucleado, a freqüência de calos produzidos decresceu com o avanço do estádio de desenvolvimento e se apresentou de forma semelhante nos meios testados. Anteras contendo meiócitos em estádio de prófase I mostraram maior freqüência de formação de calos. Tanto o comprimento da antera quanto o do botão floral apresentaram correlação significativa com o estádio de desenvolvimento. No segundo experimento, sementes e botões florais dos híbridos IPA 5 x Rotam 4 (F2, IPA 6 x Rotam 4 (F2 e IPA 8 x 217.1 (F2 foram submetidos à radiação gama e suas anteras foram cultivadas em dois meios descritos por Gresshoff & Doy (1972, contendo 2,0 mg L-1 de ANA + 5,0 mg L-1 de cinetina e 2,0 mg L-1 de ANA + 1,0 mg L-1 de cinetina. Não foram constatadas diferenças significativas, no que se refere à formação de calos, para os genótipos e doses estudadas - 200 Gy, para sementes e 20 Gy, para botões florais.Two experiments were carried (I to determine tomato anther development stage influence on callus production; and (II to investigate gamma radiation effects on anther culture. In the first experiment, anthers of a tomato hybrid (IPA 5 x Rotam 4 - F1 were grown on three media. Although calli were induced at all stages of anther development, varying from prophase I to mononucleate microspore, callus frequency decreased as anther development progressed and calli induction were not significantly affected by all media tested. Anthers containing prophase I meiocytes produced the highest

Ultrasonic spot welding of Al/Mg/Al tri-layered clad sheets

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Macwan, A.; Patel, V.K.; Jiang, X.Q.; Li, C.; Bhole, S.D.; Chen, D.L.

2014-01-01

Highlights: • The optimal welding condition is achieved at 100 J and 0.1 s. • Failure load first increases and then decreases with increasing welding energy. • The highest failure load after welding is close to that of the clad sheets. • At low energy levels failure occurs in the mode of interfacial failure. • At high energy levels failure takes place at the edge of nugget region. - Abstract: Solid-state ultrasonic spot welding (USW) was used to join Al/Mg/Al tri-layered clad sheets, aiming at exploring weldability and identifying failure mode in relation to the welding energy. It was observed that the application of a low welding energy of 100 J was able to achieve the optimal welding condition during USW at a very short welding time of 0.1 s for the tri-layered clad sheets. The optimal lap shear failure load obtained was equivalent to that of the as-received Al/Mg/Al tri-layered clad sheets. With increasing welding energy, the lap shear failure load initially increased and then decreased after reaching a maximum value. At a welding energy of 25 J, failure occurred in the mode of interfacial failure along the center Al/Al weld interface due to insufficient bonding. At a welding energy of 50 J, 75 J and 100 J, failure was also characterized by the interfacial failure mode, but it occurred along the Al/Mg clad interface rather than the center Al/Al weld interface, suggesting stronger bonding of the Al/Al weld interface than that of the Al/Mg clad interface. The overall weld strength of the Al/Mg/Al tri-layered clad sheets was thus governed by the Al/Mg clad interface strength. At a welding energy of 125 J and 150 J, thinning of weld nugget and extensive deformation at the edge of welding tip caused failure at the edge of nugget region, leading to a lower lap shear failure load

KITAB AL-SANĪ AL-MAṬĀLIB: INTERKONEKSI NAHWU DAN TASAWUF

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Zakiyah Zakiyah

2012-12-01

Tulisan ini mereview buku yang berjudul al-Sanī al-Maṭālib yang ditulis oleh Kiai Nur Iman Mlangi Yogyakarta. Buku ini ditulis dalam bahasa Arab yang me­ngandung interkoneksi antara ilmu Nahwu (tata bahasa Arab dengan mis­tisis­me. Buku ini sangat menarik karena kenyataan bahwa kedua pengetahuan tersebut memiliki aturan sendiri-sendiri. Selain itu, sangat sedikit penulis yang menulis dengan gaya seperti itu. Salah satunya adalah Syaikh Abdul Qadir bin Ahmad al-Kuhany dengan karyanya yang berjudul Manniyat al-Fāqir al-Munjarid wa Sayrat al-Murīd al-Mutafarrid. Buku al-Saniy al-Muthalib diduga telah ditulis pada akhir abad ke-18 atau awal abad ke-19, menurut periode kehidupan Kiai Nur Iman yaitu sekitar pertengahan abad ke-18. Aturan Nahwu dalam buku ini dijelaskan secara teosofi yang dimulai dengan penjelasan mengenai tauhid (keesaan Tuhan sebagai kajian dasar bagi orang Islam, yang diikuti dengan makna dari masing-masing aturan bahasa Arab dalam aspek mistiknya.

Rekonstruksi Konsep Ijtihad: Studi Pemikiran Ben’umar tentang al-Ijtihad fi al-Waqi’

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Duski Ibrahim

2015-10-01

Full Text Available This paper is the result of a research that evaluating the reconstruction the concept of ijtihad, by discuss the idea of al-Ijtihad Ben'umar fi al-waqi’. This paper concludes that Al-Ijtihad fi al-waqi’ is actually a form of collective ijtihad (al ijtihad al-jama'i, by gathering the experts of shari'ah law (fuqaha` ash-shar'i and experts Researchers and scientists (khubara` al-'ashr. Because experts know the nash purposes, while researchers and scientists (al-khubara` know the reality (al-waqi’, the effects in the future (ma'alat = future effect and challenges (tahaddiyat. The idea of formulating the concept of al-ijtihad fi al-waqi’ emerged based on a premise that ijtihad is a creation of experts to implement Islamic law in society. Therefore, the concept of ijtihad experienced a significant development, start from using the nash from the language aspects, continue to the using of logic. At the moment when the situation people are increasingly develop, then the creation of ijtihad become a necessary to developed, for example in the form of al-ijtihad fi al-waqi’ . About the source of the formation of the concept of al -ijtihad fi al-waqi’ comes from theory about the functions of nash, al-manath theory in Islamic law, and supported by the theory of al-mashlalah al-mursalah.

Adubação verde em tomateiro cultivado em sistema de agricultura orgânica / Green fertilization in tomato plant tilled in organic agriculture system

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Cristiano André Pot

2008-05-01

Full Text Available O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar a produtividade de tomate-cereja em sistema de agricultura orgânica cultivado sob diferentes doses e épocas de aplicação da fi tomassa de ervilha forrageira, ervilhaca comum e crotalaria spectabilis. O experimento foi conduzido no município de Guarapuava, PR, no período de outubro de 2005 a fevereiro de 2006 em delineamento de blocos ao acaso. Os tratamentos foram: ØFT – sem adição de resíduos de adubos verdes; 3EF – 3,0 Mg ha-1 de fi tomassa de ervilha forrageira (Pisum sativum var. arvense; 6EF – 6,0 Mg ha-1 de fi tomassa de ervilha forrageira; 9EF – 9,0 Mg ha-1 de fi tomassa de ervilha forrageira; 3EF+3EC – 3,0 Mg ha-1 de fi tomassa de ervilha forrageira + 3,0 Mg ha-1 de fi tomassa de ervilhaca (Vicia sativa; 3EF+3EC+3CS – 3,0 Mg ha-1 de fi tomassa de ervilha forrageira + 3,0 Mg ha-1 de fi tomassa de ervilhaca + 3,0 Mg ha-1 de fi tomassa de crotalária (Crotalaria spectabilis. Houve resposta crescente linear nos tratamentos ØFT, 3EF, 6EF, 9EF para as variáveis produtividade de tomate, número de tomates por planta e massa média do fruto de tomate-cereja. Os resultados evidenciaram que a adição de fi tomassa de leguminosas foi efi ciente para aumentar a produtividade de tomateiro-cereja em sistema de agricultura orgânica. A aplicação de fi tomassa em uma única aplicação foi mais eficiente do que o parcelamento da fi tomassa ao longo do ciclo da cultura.

Study of the 26Al(n,p)26Mg and 26Al(n,α)23Na reactions using the 27Al(p,p')27Al inelastic scattering reaction

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Benamara, S; De Séréville, N; Hammache, F; Stefan, I; Roussel, P; Ancelin, S; Assié, M; Guillot, J; Le Crom, B; Lefebvre, L; Adsley, P; Laird, A M; Barton, C; Diget, C; Fox, S; Coc, A; Deloncle, I; Hamadache, C; Kiener, J; Lefebfre-Schuhl, A

2016-01-01

26 Al was the first cosmic radioactivity ever detected in the galaxy as well as one of the first extinct radioactivity observed in refractory phases of meteorites. Its nucleosynthesis in massive stars is still uncertain mainly due to the lack of nuclear information concerning the 26 Al(n,p) 26 Mg and 26 Al(n,α) 23 Na reactions. We report on a single and coincidence measurement of the 27 Al(p,p') 27 Al(p) 26 Mg and 27 Al(p,p') 27 Al(α) 23 Na reactions performed at the Orsay TANDEM facility aiming at the spectroscopy study of 27 Al above the neutron threshold. Fourteen states are observed for the first time within 350 keV above the 26 Al+n threshold. (paper)

AlN/Al dual protective coatings on NdFeB by DC magnetron sputtering

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Li Jinlong; Mao Shoudong; Sun Kefei [Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201 (China); Li Xiaomin [Shanghai Institute of Ceramics Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050 (China); Song Zhenlun [Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201 (China)], E-mail: songzhenlun@nimte.ac.cn

2009-11-15

AlN/Al dual protective coatings were prepared on NdFeB by DC magnetron sputtering in a home-made industrial apparatus. Comparing with Al coating, AlN/Al coatings have a denser structure of an outmost AlN amorphous layer following an inner Al columnar crystal layer. The coatings and NdFeB substrate combine well, and moreover, there is occurrence of metallurgy bonding in the interface layer. Both Al and AlN/Al coatings have a good protective ability to NdFeB. Especially, the corrosion resistance of AlN/Al coated NdFeB is improved largely. AlN/Al and Al protective coatings not only do not deteriorate the magnetic properties of NdFeB, but contribute to their slight increase.

AlN/Al dual protective coatings on NdFeB by DC magnetron sputtering

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Li Jinlong; Mao Shoudong; Sun Kefei; Li Xiaomin; Song Zhenlun

2009-01-01

AlN/Al dual protective coatings were prepared on NdFeB by DC magnetron sputtering in a home-made industrial apparatus. Comparing with Al coating, AlN/Al coatings have a denser structure of an outmost AlN amorphous layer following an inner Al columnar crystal layer. The coatings and NdFeB substrate combine well, and moreover, there is occurrence of metallurgy bonding in the interface layer. Both Al and AlN/Al coatings have a good protective ability to NdFeB. Especially, the corrosion resistance of AlN/Al coated NdFeB is improved largely. AlN/Al and Al protective coatings not only do not deteriorate the magnetic properties of NdFeB, but contribute to their slight increase.

Effect of plant diversification on abundance of South American tomato pinworm and predators in two cropping systems Efeito da diversificação de plantas na abundância da traça-do-tomateiro e predadores em dois sistemas de cultivo

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Maria A Medeiros

2009-09-01

Full Text Available Several studies have demonstrated that the diversification of the agroecosystem may reduce insect pest infestation using the strategy of companion planting. We studied the effect of the presence of coriander and Gallant soldier as companion plants in the tomato crop under organic and conventional management on abundance of the tomato pests and predators. The experiment was carried out under field conditions, at Distrito Federal, Brazil, from July to October, 2004. The experimental design was of randomized blocks with three replicates in a 3 x 2 factorial arrangement [Three crop diversification levels: tomato in monoculture, tomato intercropped with coriander, and tomato intercropped with coriander and Gallant soldier; and two cropping systems: organic and conventional]. Each plot had 80 plants of the tomato and the pest-insects and predaceous arthropods were collected every week in five tomato plants/plot. Tuta absoluta (Meyr. was the commonest pest species in both cropping systems. The tomato intercropped with coriander and Gallant soldier in organic cropping system had lower abundance and higher diversity of pests, and higher abundance and diversity of predaceous arthropods, mainly at 80 days after the tomato transplanting, coinciding with the population peak of T. absoluta (eggs and adults. The more abundant predators were spiders, lady beetles and ants. The spiders were abundant and uniformly distributed in both systems. The lady beetles appeared lately in the organic system, at the flowering season of the coriander. The ants were more abundant in the conventional systems.Vários estudos têm demonstrado que a diversificação do agroecossistema pode reduzir a infestação por insetos-praga pelo uso da estratégia do estabelecimento de plantas companheiras. Neste trabalho estudou-se o efeito da presença do coentro e botão-de-ouro como plantas companheiras na cultura do tomate sob manejo orgânico e convencional, na abundância das pragas

Al-Si/Al2O3 in situ composite prepared by displacement reaction of CuO/Al system

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Zhang Jing

2010-02-01

Full Text Available Al2O3 particle-reinforced ZL109 composite was prepared by in situ reaction between CuO and Al. The microstructure was observed by means of OM, SEM and TEM. The Al2O3 particles in sub-micron sizes distribute uniformly in the matrix, and the Cu displaced from the in situ reaction forms net-like alloy phases with other alloy elements. The hardness and the tensile strength of the composites at room temperature have a slight increase as compared to that of the matrix. However, the tensile strength at 350 ℃ has reached 90.23 MPa, or 16.92 MPa higher than that of the matrix. The mechanism of the reaction in the CuO/Al system was studied by using of differential scanning calorimetry(DSC and thermodynamic calculation. The reaction between CuO and Al involves two steps. First, CuO reacts with Al to form Cu2O and Al2O3 at the melting temperature of the matrix alloy, and second, Cu2O reacts with Al to form Cu and Al2O3 at a higher temperature. At ZL109 casting temperature of 750–780 ℃, the second step can also take place because of the effect of exothermic reaction of the first step.

AlGaN nanocolumns and AlGaN/GaN/AlGaN nanostructures grown by molecular beam epitaxy

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ristic, J.; Sanchez-Garcia, M.A.; Ulloa, J.M.; Calleja, E. [Departamento de Ingenieria Electronica, ETSI Telecomunicacion, Universidad Politecnica de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madrid (Spain); Sanchez-Paramo, J.; Calleja, J.M. [Departamento de Fisica de Materiales, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid (Spain); Jahn, U.; Trampert, A.; Ploog, K.H. [Paul-Drude-Institut fuer Festkoerperelektronik, Hausvogteiplatz 5-7, 10117 Berlin (Germany)

2002-12-01

This work reports on the characterization of hexagonal, single crystal AlGaN nanocolumns with diameters in the range of 30 to 100 nm grown by molecular beam epitaxy on Si(111) substrates. The change of the flux ratio between the Al and the total III-element controls the alloy composition. The Al composition trend versus the Al flux is consistent both with the E{sub 2} phonon energy values measured by inelastic light scattering and the luminescence emission peaks position. High quality low dimensional AlGaN/GaN/AlGaN heterostructures with five GaN quantum discs, 2 and 4 nm thick, embedded into the AlGaN columns, were designed in order to study the quantum confinement effects. (Abstract Copyright [2002], Wiley Periodicals, Inc.)

Diagnóstico do cultivo hidropônico de hortaliças na região do Distrito Federal Diagnosis of the horticultural crop production in hydroponical facilities in the Distrito Federal region

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Juliana S Costa

2000-03-01

Full Text Available De outubro de 1997 a maio de 1998, foram realizadas entrevistas com produtores de hortaliças em cultivo hidropônico, na região do Distrito Federal, com o objetivo de verificar a situação atual, bem como identificar os pontos de estrangulamento no sistema de produção. Foram identificados 18 produtores em um raio de 50 km de Brasília. As principais culturas são alface e tomate, ocupando uma área de 2,7 ha e de 0,5 ha, respectivamente. Foi verificado que as estruturas são, na sua maioria, de madeira e arcos de ferro, com custo médio de R$ 26,00/m², para produção de alface e de R$ 20,00/m², para tomate. O custo por unidade de alface está em torno de R$ 0,25 e o preço médio de venda ao mercado de R$ 0,45, enquanto que o tomate está sendo vendido a R$ 1,20/kg. Devido à produção recente, os produtores de tomate não conseguiram ainda calcular os custos. As produtividades médias observadas foram de 300 t/ha/ano de alface e de 104 t/ha/ciclo de tomate. Os principais compradores são Ceasa, supermercados, restaurantes, sacolões e mercearias. Um dos produtores exporta alface para Manaus (AM. Metade dos produtores não usa agrotóxicos. Assistência técnica, ocorrência de "tipburn", análise da solução nutritiva, aquecimento interno da estrutura, doenças e pragas são os principais problemas citados pelos produtores de alface e, na produção de tomate, frutos rachados, doenças e pragas. O cultivo hidropônico de hortaliças está sendo visto como uma alternativa para viabilização do agronegócio na região, além de permitir uma sensível redução na utilização de agrotóxicos. Aproximadamente 44% dos produtores estão sem assistência técnica e produzindo por meio de tentativas, demandando uma atuação mais efetiva dos órgãos de ensino, pesquisa e extensão rural da região.From October 1997 to May 1998, several interviews with producers of hydroponic crops took place in Distrito Federal with the objective of not

KONSEPSI AL-QURAN DAN AL-HADITS TENTANG OPERASIONAL BANK SYARIAH

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Muhammad Ardy Zaini

2015-01-01

Full Text Available Islam hadir dengan beberapa tujuan, diantaranya adalah terciptanya khoirul ummah dan rahmatan lil’alamin dengan al-Qur’an dan al-Hadits sebagai penuntun umat Islam demi tercapainya tujuan tersebut. Sebagai pedoman hidup, al-Qur’an dan al-Hadits memberikan berbagai petunjuk tentang keteraturan dan permasalahan hidup, termasuk didalamnya mengenai perbankan yang telah memenuhi hampir separuh sisi-sisi kehidupan manusia. Untuk memaksimal ajaran syariah secara kaffah, maka nilai-nilai yang terdapat dalam al-Quran harus mampu diturunkan pada tataran praktis. Salah satu usaha dan langkah dalam rangka menemukan formula perbankan masa depan, al-Quran dan Hadits memiliki konsepsi dalam kegiatan operasional Bank Syariah. Hal ini dilakukan untuk membentuk sikap mental atau watak yang terjabarkan dalam pola berpikir, cara berbicara, dan etika bertingkah laku, sebagai ekspresi jiwa dari manusia yang beriman dan bertakwa kepada Allah Swt. Agar umat Islam mampu menjadi umat yang unggul (khayr ummah.

Fabrication of AlN-TiC/Al composites by gas injection processing

Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

YU Huashun; CHEN Hongmei; MA Rendian; MIN Guanghui

2006-01-01

The fabrication of AlN-TiC/Al composites by carbon-and nitrogen-containing gas injection into Al-Mg-Ti melts was studied. It was shown that AlN and TiC particles could be formed by the in situ reaction of mixture gas (N2+C2H2+NH3) with Al-Mg-Ti melts. The condition for the formation of AlN was that the treatment temperature must be higher than 1373 K, and the amounts of AlN and TiC increased with the increase of the treatment temperature and the gas injection time.It was considered that AlN was formed by the direct reaction of Al with nitrogen-containing gas at the interface of the gas bubble and the melt. However, the mechanism of TiC formation is a combination mechanism of solution-precipitation and solid-liquid reaction.

The formation of AlB2 in an Al-B master alloy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wang Xiaoming

2005-01-01

The formation of borides in an Al-3 wt.%B master alloy, produced via chemical reactions of KBF 4 and aluminium has been investigated. The chemical reactions produce boron, which dissolves into molten aluminium and subsequently forms aluminium borides. Backscattered electron imaging (BEI) of the Al-3 wt.%B master alloy under a scanning electron microscope (SEM) revealed the presence of two types of phases that contain different levels of boron. Combined with X-ray diffraction (XRD) results, the two types of phases are identified as AlB 2 on AlB 12 . This gives a direct evidence for a peritectic reaction of AlB 12 and aluminium, which produces AlB 2 . The thermodynamic properties of the reactions that may be involved are examined, and the presence of AlB 12 phase in the master alloy explained. The observed microstructure is explained according to the peritectic reaction in an Al-B phase diagram. The stability of AlB 2 and AlB 12 at lower temperature than 975 deg. C is clarified

Construction and evaluation of multi-component Zn-Al based bearing alloys (Zn-Al-Si, Zn-Al-Cu)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Shahmiri, M.; Shahin, K.

2001-01-01

Zn-Al based alloys, with excellent mechanical properties, are finding increasing applications in various industries, especially bearing and bushing fields. Observed dimensional instabilities, in their multicomponent systems, (e. g. Zn-Al-Si and, Zn-Al Si-Cu), is believed to be as the result of some kinds of phase transformation, due to the temperature variations, while in service. Profound understanding of the phase transformations due to the temperature variation, requires detailed evaluations of the isothermal sections of the multi-components phase diagrams of Zn-Al-Si and, Zn-Al-Si-Cu alloy systems. In the present article, the isothermal sections of the aforementioned ternary and quaternary systems in the solid state regions have been investigated and observed phase transitions have been critically evaluated

The Existence of a Designer Al=Al Double Bond in the LiAl2 H4- Cluster Formed by Electronic Transmutation.

Science.gov (United States)

Lundell, Katie A; Zhang, Xinxing; Boldyrev, Alexander I; Bowen, Kit H

2017-12-22

The Al=Al double bond is elusive in chemistry. Herein we report the results obtained via combined photoelectron spectroscopy and ab initio studies of the LiAl 2 H 4 - cluster that confirm the formation of a conventional Al=Al double bond. Comprehensive searches for the most stable structures of the LiAl 2 H 4 - cluster have shown that the global minimum isomer I possesses a geometric structure which resembles that of Si 2 H 4 , demonstrating a successful example of the transmutation of Al atoms into Si atoms by electron donation. Theoretical simulations of the photoelectron spectrum discovered the coexistence of two isomers in the ion beam, including the one with the Al=Al double bond. © 2017 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

Characterization of N-polar AlN in GaN/AlN/(Al,Ga)N heterostructures grown by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition

Science.gov (United States)

Li, Haoran; Mazumder, Baishakhi; Bonef, Bastien; Keller, Stacia; Wienecke, Steven; Speck, James S.; Denbaars, Steven P.; Mishra, Umesh K.

2017-11-01

In GaN/(Al,Ga)N high-electron-mobility transistors (HEMT), AlN interlayer between GaN channel and AlGaN barrier suppresses alloy scattering and significantly improves the electron mobility of the two-dimensional electron gas. While high concentrations of gallium were previously observed in Al-polar AlN interlayers grown by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition, the N-polar AlN (Al x Ga1-x N) films examined by atom probe tomography in this study exhibited aluminum compositions (x) equal to or higher than 95% over a wide range of growth conditions. The also investigated AlN interlayer in a N-polar GaN/AlN/AlGaN/ S.I. GaN HEMT structure possessed a similarly high x content.

KRITIK ATAS KRITIK EPISTEMOLOGI TAFSIR M. ABIED AL JABIRI: Studi Kritis atas Madkhal ila al Quran al Karim

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Ahmad Fawaid

2015-12-01

Full Text Available This paper critically views the epistemology of Muhammad Abid al Jabiri’s interpretation in his book, Madkhal ila al Quran al Karim. His latest work is projected to make the Quran relevant to mankind today and with certainly critiquing classical Quranic studies that have been constructed by previous scholars. Starting from Arab criticism, which is expected to synergize the gap between Turath and modernity, al Jabiri tried out his theory in the realm of Quranic studies oriented to maintain its originality and interpretation from sectarian influence. Focusing on al Jabiri’s review on the Quran, this paper examines and associates some of the problems with the epistemology of critique in Arab reasoning. Finally, it is inferred that the epistemologic offer of al Jabiri used in Turath is not fully applicable in Quranic studies for several reasons. First, the Quranic studies existed within the chain of sanad in its formation. Secondly, at the application stage, al Jabri often overlooked the sanad and narrations from the companions.

Composição em ácidos graxos de líquidos de cobertura de sardinhas brasileiras (Sardinella brasiliensis em conserva - DOI: 10.4025/actascitechnol.v26i1.1535

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César Ricardo Tarley

2004-03-01

Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a composição em ácidos graxos nos líquidos de cobertura com óleo de soja ou molho de tomate de diferentes marcas de sardinhas comercializadas no Brasil. Os teores percentuais dos ácidos graxos EPA e DHA em óleo de soja como líquido de cobertura variaram de 0,95 a 3,96% e 0,63 a 1,09%, respectivamente. Para a cobertura molho de tomate os resultados indicaram que as migrações dos ácidos graxos EPA e DHA foram superiores em relação à cobertura em óleo de soja. Os percentuais encontrados para os ácidos graxos EPA e DHA na cobertura molho de tomate variaram de 2,95 a 13,29% e 1,25 a 4,67%, respectivamente. Os resultados indicaram que há diferenças em relação à qualidade das sardinhas utilizadas bem como no processamento. Embora exista diferença entre as duas formulações, com relação à composição de ácidos graxos, ambas podem ser consideradas boas fontes de ácidos graxos, principalmente os ácidos ômega-3

Lubrication performance and mechanisms of Mg/Al-, Zn/Al-, and Zn/Mg/Al-layered double hydroxide nanoparticles as lubricant additives

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Li, Shuo; Bhushan, Bharat

2016-01-01

Highlights: • Mg/Al-, Zn/Al- and Zn/Mg/Al-layered double hydroxide were synthesized. • Mg/Al-LDH had superior tribological performance compared to other LDHs. • The best thermal stability of Mg/Al-LDH was responsible for its friction property. - Abstract: Solid lubricant particles are commonly used as oil additives for low friction and wear. Mg/Al-, Zn/Al-, and Zn/Mg/Al-layered double hydroxides (LDH) were synthesized by coprecipitation method. The benefits of LDH nanoparticles are that they can be synthesized using chemical methods where size and shape can be controlled, and can be modified organically to allow dispersal in fluids. The LDH nanoparticles were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, thermogravimetry, and differential scanning calorimetry. A pin-on-disk friction and wear tester was used for evaluating the friction and wear properties of LDH nanoparticles as lubricant additives. LDH nanoparticles have friction-reducing and anti-wear properties compared to oil without LDHs. Mg/Al-LDH has the best lubrication, possibly due to better thermal stability in severe conditions.

Lubrication performance and mechanisms of Mg/Al-, Zn/Al-, and Zn/Mg/Al-layered double hydroxide nanoparticles as lubricant additives

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Li, Shuo [School of Materials Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), 29 Xueyuan Road, Haidian Distract, Beijing 100083 (China); Nanoprobe Laboratory for Bio- & Nanotechnology and Biomimetics (NLBB), The Ohio State University, 201 W. 19th Avenue Columbus, OH 43210-1142 (United States); Bhushan, Bharat, E-mail: bhushan.2@osu.edu [Nanoprobe Laboratory for Bio- & Nanotechnology and Biomimetics (NLBB), The Ohio State University, 201 W. 19th Avenue Columbus, OH 43210-1142 (United States)

2016-08-15

Highlights: • Mg/Al-, Zn/Al- and Zn/Mg/Al-layered double hydroxide were synthesized. • Mg/Al-LDH had superior tribological performance compared to other LDHs. • The best thermal stability of Mg/Al-LDH was responsible for its friction property. - Abstract: Solid lubricant particles are commonly used as oil additives for low friction and wear. Mg/Al-, Zn/Al-, and Zn/Mg/Al-layered double hydroxides (LDH) were synthesized by coprecipitation method. The benefits of LDH nanoparticles are that they can be synthesized using chemical methods where size and shape can be controlled, and can be modified organically to allow dispersal in fluids. The LDH nanoparticles were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, thermogravimetry, and differential scanning calorimetry. A pin-on-disk friction and wear tester was used for evaluating the friction and wear properties of LDH nanoparticles as lubricant additives. LDH nanoparticles have friction-reducing and anti-wear properties compared to oil without LDHs. Mg/Al-LDH has the best lubrication, possibly due to better thermal stability in severe conditions.

Evapotranspiração e coeficiente de cultivo do tomate caqui cultivado em ambiente protegido Evapotranspiration and crop coefficient of Kaki tomato cultivated in greenhouse

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Ligia S. Reis

2009-06-01

Full Text Available Os parâmetros aerodinâmicos de uma cultura cultivada em ambiente protegido podem ser considerados dependentes do nível de radiação global, temperatura do ar e umidade do ar, com base em leis exponenciais. Assim sendo se propôs com este trabalho, estimar a evapotranspiração e o coeficiente de cultivo da cultura do tomate caqui em ambiente protegido, sob irrigação por gotejamento, utilizando-se o modelo de Penman-Monteith. Os parâmetros aerodinâmicos foram medidos com sensores conectados à estação automática instalada dentro do ambiente protegido. A evapotranspiração da cultura (ETc foi determinada experimentalmente por meio de lisímetros de drenagem e a umidade do solo foi medida através de sensores instalados a uma profundidade de 20 cm. O desempenho do modelo de Penman-Monteith foi comparado aos valores decendiais do balanço hídrico nos lisímetros; já a evapotranspiração de referência foi calculada com dados externos e utilizada para o cálculo do Kc da cultura; enfim, os resultados indicaram que o modelo de Penman-Monteith subestima os valores de evapotranspiração encontrados pelo balanço hídrico nos lisímetros.The aerodynamic parameters of a crop cultivated in greenhouse can be considered dependent upon the level of global radiation, air temperature and relative humidity, based on exponential laws. Consequently, this work intends to estimate the evapotranspiration and the crop coefficient of Kaki tomato in greenhouse, under drip irrigation, using the Penman-Monteith model. The aerodynamic parameters were measured with sensors connected to the automatic station installed inside the greenhouse. The ETc was determined experimentally through drainage lysimeters and the soil water content was measured through sensors installed at a depth of 20 cm. The performance of the Penman-Monteith model was compared to decennial values of the water balance in the lysimeters, while the reference evapotranspiration was calculated

Dakwah Kultural Bayt al-Qur’an al-Akbar Ukiran Kayu Khas Melayu Palembang

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Reza Pahlevi

2016-07-01

Full Text Available Penelitian ini berusaha mengungkap berbagai fenomena yang menggambarkan serangkaian kegiatan dakwah kultural Bayt al-Qur’an al-Akbar Ukiran Khas Melayu Palembang. Sehingga dapat diperoleh sejumlah informasi mengenai berbagai upaya penerapan program yang dimaksud. Penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan, pertama kontribusi Bayt al-Qur’an al-Akbar Ukiran Khas Melayu Palembang terhadap perkembangan metode dakwah kultural adalah dakwah melalui seni. Kedua, Bayt al-Qur’an al-Akbar Ukiran Khas Melayu Palembang sebagai tempat Wisata Religi yang sangat signifikan.   This research tries to reveal the various phenomenon that describe a series of cultural propaganda activities Bayt al-Qur’an al-Akbar Ukiran Khas Melayu Palembang. In order to obtain some informations about the efforts of the implementation of the program in question. It can be concluded, the first contribution of Bayt al-Qur’an al-Akbar Ukiran Khas Melayu Palembang on the development of methods of cultural propaganda is propaganda through art. Second Bayt al-Qur’an al-Akbar Ukiran Khas Melayu Palembang as a very significant Religious Tourism.

Optical phonon scattering on electronic mobility in Al2O3/AlGaN/AlN/GaN heterostructures

Science.gov (United States)

Zhou, X. J.; Qu, Y.; Ban, S. L.; Wang, Z. P.

2017-12-01

Considering the built-in electric fields and the two-mode property of transverse optical phonons in AlGaN material, the electronic eigen-energies and wave functions are obtained by solving Schrödinger equation with the finite difference method. The dispersion relations and potentials of the optical phonons are given by the transfer matrix method. The mobility of the two dimensional electron gas influenced by the optical phonons in Al2O3/AlGaN/AlN/GaN heterostructures is investigated based on the theory of Lei-Ting force balance equation. It is found that the scattering from the half-space phonons is the main factor affecting the electronic mobility, and the influence of the other phonons can be ignored. The results show that the mobility decreases with increasing the thicknesses of Al2O3 and AlN layers, but there is no definite relationship between the mobility and the thickness of AlGaN barrier. The mobility is obviously reduced by increasing Al component in AlGaN crystal to show that the effect of ternary mixed crystals is important. It is also found that the mobility increases first and then decreases as the increment of the fixed charges, but decreases always with increasing temperature. The heterostructures constructed here can be good candidates as metal-oxide-semiconductor high-electron-mobility-transistors since they have higher electronic mobility due to the influence from interface phonons weakened by the AlN interlayer.

Al2O3 adherence on CoCrAl alloys

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kingsley, L.M.

1980-04-01

Adherence of protective oxides on NiCrAl and CoCrAl superalloys has been promoted by a dispersion of a highly oxygen reactive element or its oxide being produced within the protection system. Two aspects of this subject are investigated here: the use of Al 2 O 3 as both the dispersion and protective oxide; and the production of an HfO 2 dispersion while simultaneously aluminizing the alloy. It was found that an Al 2 O 3 dispersion will act to promote the adherence of an external scale of Al 2 O 3 to a degree comparable to previously tested dispersions and an HfO 2 dispersion comparable to that produced by a Rhines pack treatment is produced during aluminization

Tracing Al Shabaab’s Decision to Cooperate with Al Qaeda in Somalia (2008

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Adlini Ilma Ghaisany Sjah

2014-02-01

Full Text Available 'Al Shabaab, a Somali insurgent with predominantly nationalistic causes (alongside transnational [global Jihad] and Islamic goals made the choice to fight on behalf of Al Qaeda in 2008. The decision to do so contrasted with Al Shabaab’s previous behaviour of actively denying cooperation and distancing itself from Al Qaeda. This study aims to uncover factors that contributed to Al Shabaab’s decision through the use of process-tracing. The results show that Al Shabaab’s declaration of cooperation with Al Qaeda in August 2008 was brought about by a series of events that traced back to four factors: public reactions to the implementation of a Salafi ideology, the shift to a radical leadership, Al Shabaab’s inability to maintain stability in areas under its control and its increasing attacks by Al Shabaab on the Somali public. Al Shabaab pursued cooperation with Al Qaeda after realizing that their nationalistic preference was no longer achievable in the near future.' ' '

All About ALS

Science.gov (United States)

... Subscribe August 2015 Print this issue All About ALS Understanding a Devastating Disorder En español Send us ... Sports Concussions Wise Choices How Can I Help ALS Research? If you have ALS, join the National ...

Atomistic simulations of diffusion mechanisms in off-stoichiometric Al-rich Ni3Al

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Duan, Jinsong

2007-01-01

This paper presents dynamics simulation results of diffusion in off-stoichiometric Al-rich Ni 3 Al (Ni 73 Al 27 ) at temperature ranging from 1300 to 1550 K. The interatomic forces are described by the Finnis-Sinclair type N-body potentials. Particular attention is devoted to the effect of the extra 2% of Al atoms sitting on the Ni sublattice as antisite point defects (Al Ni ) on diffusion. Simulation results show that Ni atoms mainly diffuse through the Ni sublattice at the temperatures investigated. Al atoms diffuse via both the intrasublattice and antistructure bridge (ASB) mechanisms. The contribution to Al diffusion from the ASB mechanism decreases at the lower temperature (T Ni ) enhances both Al and Ni diffusion in Ni 73 Al 27 . The Ni-Al coupled diffusion effect is observed and understood at the atomic level for the first time

Methodology and Characteristics of Zad al-masir fi ‘ilm al-tafsirby AllamaIbn al-Jawzī (Urdu

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Dr. Muhammad Riaz al Azhari

2017-01-01

Full Text Available This article describes the methodology and characteristics of Zad al-masir fi ‘ilm al-tafsir. This is one the finest work of AllamaIbn al-Jawzī, a 6th century prominent Interpreter. Several editions of this Tafsir have been published. However, the edition of dar al-kitab al-‘arbi, Beirut published in four volumes is selected for this study. This exegesis is based on conventional narrations, authentic quotations from the Islamic Scholars and lingual & grammatical discussions. As a witness, causes of verses (asbabal-Nuz┴l,Makki and MadaniSurah’s (chapters, the abrogating and abrogated verses (al-nasikhwal-mans┴kh and Islamic jurisprudence have been discussed in it where needed. The quality of this translation which is admirable is that mostly authentic Ahadith from original sources, and references to well known basic books in relevant discussions have been described. `

Phenotypic and genotypic studies of ALS cases in ALS-SMA families.

Science.gov (United States)

Corcia, Philippe; Vourc'h, Patrick; Blasco, Helene; Couratier, Philippe; Dangoumau, Audrey; Bellance, Remi; Desnuelle, Claude; Viader, Fausto; Pautot, Vivien; Millecamps, Stephanie; Bakkouche, Salah; Salachas, FranÇois; Andres, Christian R; Meininger, Vincent; Camu, William

2018-03-01

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) are the most frequent motor neuron disorders in adulthood and infancy, respectively. There is a growing literature supporting common pathophysiological patterns between those disorders. One important clinical issue for that is the co-occurrence of both diseases within a family. To collect families in which ALS and SMA patients co-exist and describe the phenotype and the genotype of ALS patients. Nine families with co-occurrence of SMA and ALS have been gathered over the last 15 years. Epidemiological, phenotype and genetic status were collected. Out of the nine families, six corresponded to the criteria of familial ALS (FALS). Clinical data were available for 11 patients out of the 15 ALS cases. Mean age of onset was 58.5 years, site of onset was lower limbs in nine cases (81.8%), median duration was 22 months. Four ALS patients carried a mutation: three mutations in SOD1 gene (G147N in two cases and one with E121G) and one repeat expansion in the C9ORF72 gene. Three patients had abnormal SMN1 copy numbers. While the high proportion of familial history of ALS cases in these ALS-SMA pedigrees could have suggested that these familial clusters of the two most frequent MND rely on a genetic background, we failed to exclude that this occurred by chance.

Eutectic microstructures of Al-ThA13 and Al-UA14 alloys

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Vieira, R.R.; Ambrozio Filho, F.

1990-01-01

This paper deals on the microstructures of systems Al-ThAl3 and Al-UAL4, which are composed by a non faceted phase (aluminium) and an intermetallic phase (ThAl3 or UAL4) which is normally faceted phase. (C.M.)

Etude du comportement des cultures de tomate (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. et de piment (Capsicum annuum L. conduites en lignes simples et lignes jumelées sous serre

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Boujelben, A.

2004-01-01

Full Text Available Behaviour Study of Tomato Lycopercicum esculuntum Mill. and Red Pepper Capsicum annuum L. Crops under Greenhouse Conditions Conducted in Single and Twinned Rows. Tomato (Lycopercicum esculuntum Mill. and red pepper (Capsicum annuum L. crops under greenhouse conditions and drip irrigation are widely developed in Tunisia. Although, it is known that drip irrigation permitted some water savings. Other cultural techniques such as single or twinned planting rows combined with drip irrigation system could improve the water management. In this aim we have conducted an experimental trial under greenhouse adopting drip irrigation with simple and double amounts of water and single and twinned planting rows. Some agronomic traits in the occurrence the height of plants, the fruit number and yield per plant, the precocity and the water efficiency were studied. The red pepper culture with a spacing of 80 cm between lines, gave the best results in the simple row and simple amount of irrigation treatment. On the other hand, tomato, in twinned rows (90 cm among rows with double amount of water gave the best reaps in yield and more precocious. Whereas the higher water irrigation efficiency was obtained for the treatment combining the twinned planting rows and simple amount of water.

Interface reactions in the Al-Si-SiC and Mg-Al-Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} composite systems

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Johnson, P.K. [Commission of the European Communities, Petten (Netherlands). Inst. for Advanced Materials; Fazal-Ur-Rehman [Imperial Coll. of Science, Technology and Medicine, London (United Kingdom). Dept. of Materials; Fox, S. [Imperial Coll. of Science, Technology and Medicine, London (United Kingdom). Dept. of Materials; Flower, H.M. [Imperial Coll. of Science, Technology and Medicine, London (United Kingdom). Dept. of Materials; West, D.R.F.

1995-12-31

Structural and compositional observations are reported on the influence of the interfaces on the mechanisms and kinetics of liquid metal-ceramic reactions in Al-SiC, Al-Si-SiC, Mg-Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} and Mg-Al-Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} composites. The aluminium based materials contained up to 20 vol% SiC in particulate form, and were produced by a spray casting process; subsequently the interface reactions were studied in samples heated to temperatures up to 1100 C. The reaction product was Al{sub 4}C{sub 3} in both Al-SiC and Al-Si-SiC composites. The influence of the crystallography and topology of the SiC particle surfaces on the nucleation of the Al{sub 4}C{sub 3} has been demonstrated; surface asperities play an important role. Growth of nuclei proceeds to form continuous reaction product layers which control the subsequent kinetics. The magnesium based composites contained 5 vol% Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} fibres (3 {mu}m in diameter), and were produced by a liquid infiltration process. SD Safimax fibres with relatively low and high porosity, and also RF Saffil fibres, with a silica binder, were investigated. Fibre porosity plays a major role in accelerating the penetration of Mg into the fibres with reaction to form MgO. Silica binder on the fibre surface transforms to MgO. The reaction rate was reduced by the presence of aluminium in the matrix. The factors controlling the reactions in the aluminium and magnesium based composites are compared. (orig.)

KONSTRUKSI FIQH BUKHARI DALAM KITAB AL-JAMI’ AL-SHAHIH

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Abdul Sattar

2011-06-01