Construction of an Unmarked Zymomonas mobilis Mutant Using a Site-Specific FLP Recombinase

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Shao-Lan Zou

2012-01-01

Full Text Available Flippase expression was carried out in Zymomonas mobilis strain ZM4. The FRT-flanked selection marker gene was first integrated into the ZM4 chromosome by homologous recombination. The Saccharomyces cerevisiae flp gene was then introduced under the control of the ZM4 gap gene promoter (Pgap, encoding glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase or the λ bacteriophage cI857-pR contained in the broad-host-range cloning vector pBBR1-MCS-2. This study demonstrated that flp was expressed and that the deletion frequency of the FRT-flanked marker gene was very high (approx. 100 %. In addition, the flp gene expression vector could be conveniently removed from the resulting unmarked Z. mobilis mutants by serially transferring the cells three times into antibiotic-free medium, thereby establishing an efficient method for constructing unmarked Z. mobilis mutants.

Aktivitas Zymomonas mobilis pada produk etanol dari buah semu jambu mete (Anacardium occidentale dengan variasi sumber nitrogen

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AKHMAD MUSTOFA

2010-05-01

Full Text Available Mustofa A, Suranto. 2010. Aktivitas Zymomonas mobilis pada produk etanol daribuah semu jambu mete (Anacardium occidentale dengan variasi sumber nitrogen. Bioteknologi 7: 1-9. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui kemampuan Zymomonas mobilis dalam memproduksi etanol melalui proses fermentasi batch (selama 24, 48 dan 72 jam, menggunakan sumber karbon sari buah jambu mete (varietas merah, hijau dan kuning dan sumber nitrogen berupa urea, ammonium sulfat, ekstrak kecambah kacang hijau dan ekstrak kacang koro (Mucuna pruriens. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa varietas buah jambu mete hijau dengan sumber nitrogen ammonium sulfat dan lama fermentasi 24 jam memberikan hasil etanol yang paling optimal. Pada perlakuan tersebut diperoleh nilai pH 5,87, kadar gula reduksi 7,64 g/100 mL (tingkat konsumsi 48,44%, jumlah bakteri 8,0x107 (µ = 0,154 dan etanol sebesar 33,02 g/L (Ye = 90,19%.

Modeling of Zymomonas mobilis central metabolism for novel metabolic engineering strategies.

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Kalnenieks, Uldis; Pentjuss, Agris; Rutkis, Reinis; Stalidzans, Egils; Fell, David A

2014-01-01

Mathematical modeling of metabolism is essential for rational metabolic engineering. The present work focuses on several types of modeling approach to quantitative understanding of central metabolic network and energetics in the bioethanol-producing bacterium Zymomonas mobilis. Combined use of Flux Balance, Elementary Flux Mode, and thermodynamic analysis of its central metabolism, together with dynamic modeling of the core catabolic pathways, can help to design novel substrate and product pathways by systematically analyzing the solution space for metabolic engineering, and yields insights into the function of metabolic network, hardly achievable without applying modeling tools.

Mechanism of ethanol inhibition of fermentation in Zymomonas mobilis CP4

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Osman, Y.A.; Ingram, L.O.

1985-01-01

Accumulation of alcohol during fermentation is accompanied by a progressive decrease in the rate of sugar conversion to ethanol. In this study, the authors provided evidence that inhibition of fermentation by ethanol can be attributed to an indirect effect of ethanol on the enzymes of glycolysis involving the plasma membrane. Ethanol decreased the effectiveness of the plasma membrane as a semipermeable barrier, allowing leakage of essential cofactors and coenzymes. This leakage of cofactors and coenzymes, coupled with possible additional leakage of intermediary metabolites en route to ethanol formation, is sufficient to explain the inhibitory effects of ethanol on fermentation in Zymomonas mobilis

Continuous ethanol production from sugar beet molasses using an osmotolerant mutant strain of zymomonas mobilis

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Park, S.C.; Baratti, J.C. (Univ. de Provence, Marseille (France). Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique)

1992-01-25

In conventional alcohol fermentation processes using yeast species, the substrate cost represents a major fraction of the total production cost. Therefore, it may be very attractive to use the bacterium Zymomonas mobilis, since it has shown higher ethanol yields than yeasts when grown on a glucose-based medium. A report is made on the use of mutant strain of Zymomonas mobilis for ethanol production from hydrolyzed sugar beet molasses in a two-stage continuous culture which showed high ethanol yield and an ethanol concentration sufficiently high for economical recovery. A single stage continuous culture was first operated in an attempt to reduce the formation of sorbitol. Further on, a second fermentor was added with additional substrate feeding to increase the effluent ethanol concentration. An ethanol concentration of 59.9g/l was obtained at 97% sugar conversion and at high ethanol yield. The volumetric ethanol productivity was superior to that of batch fermentation but inferior to that of a single-stage continuous system with the same medium. However, the ethanol concentration was increased to a level acceptable for economical recovery. 18 refs., 3 figs., 5 tabs.

Using the CRISPR/Cas9 system to eliminate native plasmids of Zymomonas mobilis ZM4.

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Cao, Qing-Hua; Shao, Huan-Huan; Qiu, Hui; Li, Tao; Zhang, Yi-Zheng; Tan, Xue-Mei

2017-03-01

The CRISPR/Cas system can be used to simply and efficiently edit the genomes of various species, including animals, plants, and microbes. Zymomonas mobilis ZM4 is a highly efficient, ethanol-producing bacterium that contains five native plasmids. Here, we constructed the pSUZM2a-Cas9 plasmid and a single-guide RNA expression plasmid. The pSUZM2a-Cas9 plasmid was used to express the Cas9 gene cloned from Streptococcus pyogenes CICC 10464. The single-guide RNA expression plasmid pUC-T7sgRNA, with a T7 promoter, can be used for the in vitro synthesis of single-guide RNAs. This system was successfully employed to knockout the upp gene of Escherichia coli and the replicase genes of native Z. mobilis plasmids. This is the first study to apply the CRISPR/Cas9 system of S. pyogenes to eliminate native plasmids in Z. mobilis. It provides a new method for plasmid curing and paves the way for the genomic engineering of Z. mobilis.

Bioethanol Production from Iles-Iles (Amorphopallus campanulatus Flour by Fermentation using Zymomonas mobilis

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Kusmiyati Kusmiyati

2016-02-01

Full Text Available Due to the depletion of fossil oil sources, Indonesia attempts to search new source of bioenergy including bioethanol. One of this sources is Iles-iles tubers (Amorphophallus campanulatus, which is abundantly available in Java Indonesia. The carbohydrate content in Iles-Iles tuber flour was 77% and it can be converted to ethanol by three consecutive steps methods consist of liquefaction-saccharification using α and β-amylase, respectively and then followed by fermentation by using Z. mobilis. The objective of this research was to convert the Iles-iles flour to bioethanol by fermentation process with Z.mobilis. The ethanol production process was studied at various starch concentration 15-30% g/L, Z. mobilis concentration (10-40% and pH fermentation of (4-6. The result showed that the yield of bioethanol (10.33% was the highest at 25% starch concentration and 25% of Z.mobilis concentration. The optimum conditions was found at 4.5, 30°C, 10%, 120 h for pH, temperature, Z. mobilis concentration and fermentation time, respectively  at which  ACT tuber flour produced a maximum ethanol of 10.33 % v/v.Article History: Received November 12nd 2015; Received in revised form January 25th 2016; Accepted January 29th 2016; Available online How to Cite This Article: Kusmiyati , Hadiyanto,H  and Kusumadewi, I (2016. Bioethanol Production from Iles-Iles (Amorphopallus campanulatus Flour by Fermentation using Zymomonas mobilis. Int. Journal of Renewable Energy Development, 9(1, 9-14 http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/ijred.5.1.9-14 

Pre-treatment step with Leuconostoc mesenteroides or L. pseudomesenteroides strains removes furfural from Zymomonas mobilis ethanolic fermentation broth

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Furfural (furan-2-carboxaldehyde), formed during dilute acid hydrolysis of biomass, is an inhibitor of growth and ethanol production by Zymomonas mobilis. The present study used a biological pre-treatment to reduce that amount of furfural in a model biofuel fermentation broth. The pre-treatment in...

Ethanol production from molasses by immobilized cells of zymomonas mobilis EMCC 1546

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Meliegy, S.A.; Abdelaziz, A.H.

2004-01-01

Ethanol production from beet molasses by zymomonas mobilis EMCC 1546 was studied using continuous processes in which immobilized bacterial cells of Z.mobilis EMCC 1546 was grown on both sodium alginate and polyvinyl alcohol(PVA). The fermentation was performed in a shaking incubation and 1-liter ferment or with final working 750 ml. The initial sugar concentration studied was 50, 100,150, 200 and 250 g/l. The results showed that optimum initial sugar for ethanol production was 200 g/l. In batch fermentation, the highest ethanol concentration was 28.50 g/. Also effect of gamma irradiation was studied to enhance ethanol production. The highest ethanol production at dose dose 0.25 kGy was 34.82 g/l. The results showed that continuous fermentation, at dilution rate 1.36 (I/h), helped to increase the ethanol production significantly and continuous fermentation with immobilized cells in alginate gave higher ethanol production, 35.8 (g/I), as compared with those immobilized in hydrogel (PVA)

Ethanol Production from Kitchen Garbage Using Zymomonas mobilis: Optimization of Parameters through Statistical Experimental Designs

OpenAIRE

Ma, H.; Wang, Q.; Gong, L.; Wang, X.; Yin, W.

2008-01-01

Plackett-Burman design was employed to screen 8 parameters for ethanol production from kitchen garbage by Zymomonas mobilis in simultaneous saccharification and fermentation. The parameters were divided into two parts, four kinds of enzymes and supplementation nutrients. The result indicated that the nutrient inside kitchen garbage could meet the requirement of ethanol production without supplementation, only protease and glucoamylase were needed to accelerate the ethanol production. The opti...

Crystal structure of cbbF from Zymomonas mobilis and its functional implication

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Hwang, Hyo-Jeong; Park, Suk-Youl; Kim, Jeong-Sun, E-mail: jsunkim@chonnam.ac.kr

2014-02-28

Highlights: • The crystal structure of one cbbF from Zymomonas mobilis was revealed. • Scores of residues form two secondary structures with a non-polar protruded residue. • It exists as a dimeric form in solution. - Abstract: A phosphate group at the C1-atom of inositol-monophosphate (IMP) and fructose-1,6-bisphosphate (FBP) is hydrolyzed by a phosphatase IMPase and FBPase in a metal-dependent way, respectively. The two enzymes are almost indiscernible from each other because of their highly similar sequences and structures. Metal ions are bound to residues on the β1- and β2-strands and one mobile loop. However, FBP has another phosphate and FBPases exist as a higher oligomeric state, which may discriminate FBPases from IMPases. There are three genes annotated as FBPases in Zymomonas mobilis, termed also cbbF (ZmcbbF). The revealed crystal structure of one ZmcbbF shows a globular structure formed by five stacked layers. Twenty-five residues in the middle of the sequence form an α-helix and a β-strand, which occupy one side of the catalytic site. A non-polar Leu residue among them is protruded to the active site, pointing out unfavorable access of a bulky charged group to this side. In vitro assays have shown its dimeric form in solution. Interestingly, two β-strands of β1 and β2 are disordered in the ZmcbbF structure. These data indicate that ZmcbbF might structurally belong to IMPase, and imply that its active site would be reorganized in a yet unreported way.

Quantifying the metabolic capabilities of engineered Zymomonas mobilis using linear programming analysis

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Tsantili Ivi C

2007-03-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background The need for discovery of alternative, renewable, environmentally friendly energy sources and the development of cost-efficient, "clean" methods for their conversion into higher fuels becomes imperative. Ethanol, whose significance as fuel has dramatically increased in the last decade, can be produced from hexoses and pentoses through microbial fermentation. Importantly, plant biomass, if appropriately and effectively decomposed, is a potential inexpensive and highly renewable source of the hexose and pentose mixture. Recently, the engineered (to also catabolize pentoses anaerobic bacterium Zymomonas mobilis has been widely discussed among the most promising microorganisms for the microbial production of ethanol fuel. However, Z. mobilis genome having been fully sequenced in 2005, there is still a small number of published studies of its in vivo physiology and limited use of the metabolic engineering experimental and computational toolboxes to understand its metabolic pathway interconnectivity and regulation towards the optimization of its hexose and pentose fermentation into ethanol. Results In this paper, we reconstructed the metabolic network of the engineered Z. mobilis to a level that it could be modelled using the metabolic engineering methodologies. We then used linear programming (LP analysis and identified the Z. mobilis metabolic boundaries with respect to various biological objectives, these boundaries being determined only by Z. mobilis network's stoichiometric connectivity. This study revealed the essential for bacterial growth reactions and elucidated the association between the metabolic pathways, especially regarding main product and byproduct formation. More specifically, the study indicated that ethanol and biomass production depend directly on anaerobic respiration stoichiometry and activity. Thus, enhanced understanding and improved means for analyzing anaerobic respiration and redox potential in vivo are

Comparative study of bio-ethanol production from mahula (Madhuca latifolia L.) flowers by Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Zymomonas mobilis

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Behera, Shuvashish; Mohanty, Rama Chandra [Department of Botany, Utkal University, Vanivihar, Bhubaneswar 751004, Orissa (India); Ray, Ramesh Chandra [Microbiology Laboratory, Central Tuber Crops Research Institute (Regional Centre), Bhubaneswar 751019, Orissa (India)

2010-07-15

Mahula (Madhuca latifolia L.) flower is a suitable alternative cheaper carbohydrate source for production of bio-ethanol. Recent production of bio-ethanol by microbial fermentation as an alternative energy source has renewed research interest because of the increase in the fuel price. Saccharomyces cerevisiae (yeast) and Zymomonas mobilis (bacteria) are two most widely used microorganisms for ethanol production. In this study, experiments were carried out to compare the potential of the yeast S. cerevisiae (CTCRI strain) with the bacterium Z. mobilis (MTCC 92) for ethanol fermentation from mahula flowers. The ethanol production after 96 h fermentation was 149 and 122.9 g kg{sup -1} flowers using free cells of S. cerevisiae and Z. mobilis, respectively. The S. cerevisiae strain showed 21.2% more final ethanol production in comparison to Z. mobilis. Ethanol yield (Yx/s), volumetric product productivity (Qp), sugar to ethanol conversion rate (%) and microbial biomass concentration (X) obtained by S. cerevisiae were found to be 5.2%, 21.1%, 5.27% and 134% higher than Z. mobilis, respectively after 96 h of fermentation. (author)

Comparative study of bio-ethanol production from mahula (Madhuca latifolia L.) flowers by Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Zymomonas mobilis

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Behera, Shuvashish; Mohanty, Rama Chandra; Ray, Ramesh Chandra

2010-01-01

Mahula (Madhuca latifolia L.) flower is a suitable alternative cheaper carbohydrate source for production of bio-ethanol. Recent production of bio-ethanol by microbial fermentation as an alternative energy source has renewed research interest because of the increase in the fuel price. Saccharomyces cerevisiae (yeast) and Zymomonas mobilis (bacteria) are two most widely used microorganisms for ethanol production. In this study, experiments were carried out to compare the potential of the yeast S. cerevisiae (CTCRI strain) with the bacterium Z. mobilis (MTCC 92) for ethanol fermentation from mahula flowers. The ethanol production after 96 h fermentation was 149 and 122.9 g kg -1 flowers using free cells of S. cerevisiae and Z. mobilis, respectively. The S. cerevisiae strain showed 21.2% more final ethanol production in comparison to Z. mobilis. Ethanol yield (Yx/s), volumetric product productivity (Qp), sugar to ethanol conversion rate (%) and microbial biomass concentration (X) obtained by S. cerevisiae were found to be 5.2%, 21.1%, 5.27% and 134% higher than Z. mobilis, respectively after 96 h of fermentation. (author)

Recombinant L-Asparaginase from Zymomonas mobilis: A Potential New Antileukemic Agent Produced in Escherichia coli.

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Karen Einsfeldt

Full Text Available L-asparaginase is an enzyme used as a chemotherapeutic agent, mainly for treating acute lymphoblastic leukemia. In this study, the gene of L-asparaginase from Zymomonas mobilis was cloned in pET vectors, fused to a histidine tag, and had its codons optimized. The L-asparaginase was expressed extracellularly and intracellularly (cytoplasmically in Escherichia coli in far larger quantities than obtained from the microorganism of origin, and sufficient for initial cytotoxicity tests on leukemic cells. The in silico analysis of the protein from Z. mobilis indicated the presence of a signal peptide in the sequence, as well as high identity to other sequences of L-asparaginases with antileukemic activity. The protein was expressed in a bioreactor with a complex culture medium, yielding 0.13 IU/mL extracellular L-asparaginase and 3.6 IU/mL intracellular L-asparaginase after 4 h of induction with IPTG. The cytotoxicity results suggest that recombinant L-asparaginase from Z. mobilis expressed extracellularly in E.coli has a cytotoxic and cytostatic effect on leukemic cells.

Effect of initial pH in levan production by Zymomonas mobilis immobilized in sodium alginate

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Vidiany Aparecida Queiroz Santos

2014-04-01

Full Text Available Zymomonas mobilis was immobilized using a cell suspension fixed to 8.6 x 107 CFU mL-1 by spectrophotometry. This biomass was suspended in sodium alginate solution (3% that was dropped with a hypodermic syringe into 0.2 M calcium chloride solution. Was test two initial pH of fermentation medium (4 and 5 and different sucrose concentrations 15, 20, 25, 30 and 35% at 30˚C, without stirring for 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours. The levan production to pH 4 was high in sucrose 25% for 24 (16.51 g L-1 and 48 (15.31 g L-1 hours. The best values obtained to pH 5 was in sucrose 35% during 48 (22.39 g L-1 and 96 (23.5 g L-1 hours, respectively. The maximum levan yield was 40.8% and 22.47% in sucrose 15% to pH 4 and 5, respectively. Substrate consumption to pH 4 was bigger in sucrose 15 (56.4% and 20% (59.4% and to pH 5 was in 25 (68.85% and 35% (64.64%. In relation to immobilization efficiency, Zymomonas mobilis showed high adhesion and colonization in support, indicated by cell growth increased from 107 to 109 CFU mL-1 during fermentation time.

The Zymomonas mobilis regulator hfq contributes to tolerance against multiple lignocellulosic pretreatment inhibitors

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Lu Tse-Yuan S

2010-05-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background Zymomonas mobilis produces near theoretical yields of ethanol and recombinant strains are candidate industrial microorganisms. To date, few studies have examined its responses to various stresses at the gene level. Hfq is a conserved bacterial member of the Sm-like family of RNA-binding proteins, coordinating a broad array of responses including multiple stress responses. In a previous study, we observed Z. mobilis ZM4 gene ZMO0347 showed higher expression under anaerobic, stationary phase compared to that of aerobic, stationary conditions. Results We generated a Z. mobilis hfq insertion mutant AcRIM0347 in an acetate tolerant strain (AcR background and investigated its role in model lignocellulosic pretreatment inhibitors including acetate, vanillin, furfural and hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF. Saccharomyces cerevisiae Lsm protein (Hfq homologue mutants and Lsm protein overexpression strains were also assayed for their inhibitor phenotypes. Our results indicated that all the pretreatment inhibitors tested in this study had a detrimental effect on both Z. mobilis and S. cerevisiae, and vanillin had the most inhibitory effect followed by furfural and then HMF for both Z. mobilis and S. cerevisiae. AcRIM0347 was more sensitive than the parental strain to the inhibitors and had an increased lag phase duration and/or slower growth depending upon the conditions. The hfq mutation in AcRIM0347 was complemented partially by trans-acting hfq gene expression. We also assayed growth phenotypes for S. cerevisiae Lsm protein mutant and overexpression phenotypes. Lsm1, 6, and 7 mutants showed reduced tolerance to acetate and other pretreatment inhibitors. S. cerevisiae Lsm protein overexpression strains showed increased acetate and HMF resistance as compared to the wild-type, while the overexpression strains showed greater inhibition under vanillin stress conditions. Conclusions We have shown the utility of the pKNOCK suicide plasmid for

Improving furfural tolerance of Zymomonas mobilis by rewiring a sigma factor RpoD protein.

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Tan, Fu-Rong; Dai, Li-Chun; Wu, Bo; Qin, Han; Shui, Zong-Xia; Wang, Jing-Li; Zhu, Qi-Li; Hu, Qi-Chun; Ruan, Zhi-Yong; He, Ming-Xiong

2015-06-01

Furfural from lignocellulosic hydrolysates is the key inhibitor for bio-ethanol fermentation. In this study, we report a strategy of improving the furfural tolerance in Zymomonas mobilis on the transcriptional level by engineering its global transcription sigma factor (σ(70), RpoD) protein. Three furfural tolerance RpoD mutants (ZM4-MF1, ZM4-MF2, and ZM4-MF3) were identified from error-prone PCR libraries. The best furfural-tolerance strain ZM4-MF2 reached to the maximal cell density (OD600) about 2.0 after approximately 30 h, while control strain ZM4-rpoD reached its highest cell density of about 1.3 under the same conditions. ZM4-MF2 also consumed glucose faster and yield higher ethanol; expression levels and key Entner-Doudoroff (ED) pathway enzymatic activities were also compared to control strain under furfural stress condition. Our results suggest that global transcription machinery engineering could potentially be used to improve stress tolerance and ethanol production in Z. mobilis.

Fermentasi Etanol Sari Buah Semu Jambu Mete (Anacardium occidentale L. oleh Zymomonas mobilis dengan Penambahan Urea

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RATNA SETYANINGSIH

2006-11-01

Full Text Available Cashew present in abundant amount in Indonesia but they had not muchbeen exploited. This research was to study ethanol fermentation from cashew juice by Zymomonas mobilis using urea as nitrogen source. The aims of this research was to know the best urea concentration and optimum fermentation duration to produce the highest content of ethanol in ethanol fermentation from cashew juice by Z. mobilis. The urea concentration in media was prepared 0%; 0.2% and 0.4%. The media cashew juice + urea (100 mL was inoculated with 1 mL Z. mobilis 2x108 cell/mL. Initial pH, reducing sugar, amount of microorganism and concentration of ethanol was calculated everyday during 3 days. It could be concluded that 0.2% of urea produced the highest content of ethanol that was an amount 40.51%, followed by urea 0% was 30.59% and urea 0.4% was 25.63%. The optimum fermentation duration to produce the highest content of ethanol was 2 days.

Production of ethanol by Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Zymomonas mobilis Coimmobilized: proposal for the use of organic waste

OpenAIRE

Ruiz-Marín, Alejandro; Canedo-López, Yunuén; Narváez-García, Asteria; Robles-Heredia, J. Carlos

2016-01-01

Abstract: Fermentation technologies were developed to improve the production of ethanol and an alternative is the immobilization technology, which offers advantages in comparison with free cells culture, such as the possibility of efficiently incorporating symbiotic bacteria in the same matrix. The aim of this study was to evaluate, in equivalent medium, the use of mango (Mangifera indica) waste to produce ethanol. The study compared the production of ethanol by using Zymomonas mobilis and Sa...

Flocculating Zymomonas mobilis is a promising host to be engineered for fuel ethanol production from lignocellulosic biomass.

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Zhao, Ning; Bai, Yun; Liu, Chen-Guang; Zhao, Xin-Qing; Xu, Jian-Feng; Bai, Feng-Wu

2014-03-01

Whereas Saccharomyces cerevisiae uses the Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas pathway to metabolize glucose, Zymomonas mobilis uses the Entner-Doudoroff (ED) pathway. Employing the ED pathway, 50% less ATP is produced, which could lead to less biomass being accumulated during fermentation and an improved yield of ethanol. Moreover, Z. mobilis cells, which have a high specific surface area, consume glucose faster than S. cerevisiae, which could improve ethanol productivity. We performed ethanol fermentations using these two species under comparable conditions to validate these speculations. Increases of 3.5 and 3.3% in ethanol yield, and 58.1 and 77.8% in ethanol productivity, were observed in ethanol fermentations using Z. mobilis ZM4 in media containing ∼100 and 200 g/L glucose, respectively. Furthermore, ethanol fermentation bythe flocculating Z. mobilis ZM401 was explored. Although no significant difference was observed in ethanol yield and productivity, the flocculation of the bacterial species enabled biomass recovery by cost-effective sedimentation, instead of centrifugation with intensive capital investment and energy consumption. In addition, tolerance to inhibitory byproducts released during biomass pretreatment, particularly acetic acid and vanillin, was improved. These experimental results indicate that Z. mobilis, particularly its flocculating strain, is superior to S. cerevisiae as a host to be engineered for fuel ethanol production from lignocellulosic biomass. Copyright © 2013 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

Fructose production by Zymomonas mobilis in fed-batch culture with minimal sorbitol formation

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Edye, L A; Johns, M R; Ewings, K N

1989-08-01

Fed-batch cultures of Zymomonas mobilis (UQM 2864), a mutant unable to metabolise fructose, grown on diluted sugar cane syrup (200 g/l sucrose) achieved yields of 90.5 g/l fructose and 48.3 g/l ethanol with minimal sorbitol formation and complete utilization of the substrate. The effect of inoculum size on sorbitol formation in the batch stage of fed-batch fermentation are reported. Fermentation of sucrose (350 g/l) supplemented with nutrients yielded 142 g/l fructose and 76.5 g/l ethanol. Some fructose product loss at high fructose concentrations was observed. The fed-batch fermentation process offers a method for obtaining high concentrations of fructose and ethanol from sucrose materials. (orig.).

A kinetic model and simulation of starch saccharification and simultaneous ethanol fermentation by amyloglucosidase and Zymomonas mobilis

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lee, C G [Michigan Univ., Ann Arbor, MI (United States). Dept. of Chemical Engineering; Kim, C H; Rhee, S K [Korea Inst. of Science and Technology, Taejon (Korea, Republic of). Genetic Engineering Research Inst.

1992-07-01

A mathematical model is described for the simultaneous saccharification and ethanol fermentation (SSF) of sago starch using amyloglycosidase (AMG) and Zymomonas mobilis. By introducing the degree of polymerization (DP) of oligosaccharides produced from sago starch treated with {alpha}-amylase, a series of Michaelis-Menten equations was obtained. After determining kinetic parameters from the results of simple experiments and from the subsite mapping theory, this model was adapted to simulate the SSF process. The results of simulation for SSF are in good agreement with experimental results. (orig.).

STATE ESTIMATION IN ALCOHOLIC CONTINUOUS FERMENTATION OF ZYMOMONAS MOBILIS USING RECURSIVE BAYESIAN FILTERING: A SIMULATION APPROACH

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Olga Lucia Quintero

2008-05-01

Full Text Available This work presents a state estimator for a continuous bioprocess. To this aim, the Non Linear Filtering theory based on the recursive application of Bayes rule and Monte Carlo techniques is used. Recursive Bayesian Filters Sampling Importance Resampling (SIR is employed, including different kinds of resampling. Generally, bio-processes have strong non-linear and non-Gaussian characteristics, and this tool becomes attractive. The estimator behavior and performance are illustrated with the continuous process of alcoholic fermentation of Zymomonas mobilis. Not too many applications with this tool have been reported in the biotechnological area.

The Low Energy-Coupling Respiration in Zymomonas mobilis Accelerates Flux in the Entner-Doudoroff Pathway.

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Reinis Rutkis

Full Text Available Performing oxidative phosphorylation is the primary role of respiratory chain both in bacteria and eukaryotes. Yet, the branched respiratory chains of prokaryotes contain alternative, low energy-coupling electron pathways, which serve for functions other than oxidative ATP generation (like those of respiratory protection, adaptation to low-oxygen media, redox balancing, etc., some of which are still poorly understood. We here demonstrate that withdrawal of reducing equivalents by the energetically uncoupled respiratory chain of the bacterium Zymomonas mobilis accelerates its fermentative catabolism, increasing the glucose consumption rate. This is in contrast to what has been observed in other respiring bacteria and yeast. This effect takes place after air is introduced to glucose-consuming anaerobic cell suspension, and can be simulated using a kinetic model of the Entner-Doudoroff pathway in combination with a simple net reaction of NADH oxidation that does not involve oxidative phosphorylation. Although aeration hampers batch growth of respiring Z. mobilis culture due to accumulation of toxic byproducts, nevertheless under non-growing conditions respiration is shown to confer an adaptive advantage for the wild type over the non-respiring Ndh knock-out mutant. If cells get occasional access to limited amount of glucose for short periods of time, the elevated glucose uptake rate selectively improves survival of the respiring Z. mobilis phenotype.

Adaptive laboratory evolution of ethanologenic Zymomonas mobilis strain tolerant to furfural and acetic acid inhibitors.

Science.gov (United States)

Shui, Zong-Xia; Qin, Han; Wu, Bo; Ruan, Zhi-yong; Wang, Lu-shang; Tan, Fu-Rong; Wang, Jing-Li; Tang, Xiao-Yu; Dai, Li-Chun; Hu, Guo-Quan; He, Ming-Xiong

2015-07-01

Furfural and acetic acid from lignocellulosic hydrolysates are the prevalent inhibitors to Zymomonas mobilis during cellulosic ethanol production. Developing a strain tolerant to furfural or acetic acid inhibitors is difficul by using rational engineering strategies due to poor understanding of their underlying molecular mechanisms. In this study, strategy of adaptive laboratory evolution (ALE) was used for development of a furfural and acetic acid-tolerant strain. After three round evolution, four evolved mutants (ZMA7-2, ZMA7-3, ZMF3-2, and ZMF3-3) that showed higher growth capacity were successfully obtained via ALE method. Based on the results of profiling of cell growth, glucose utilization, ethanol yield, and activity of key enzymes, two desired strains, ZMA7-2 and ZMF3-3, were achieved, which showed higher tolerance under 7 g/l acetic acid and 3 g/l furfural stress condition. Especially, it is the first report of Z. mobilis strain that could tolerate higher furfural. The best strain, Z. mobilis ZMF3-3, has showed 94.84% theoretical ethanol yield under 3-g/l furfural stress condition, and the theoretical ethanol yield of ZM4 is only 9.89%. Our study also demonstrated that ALE method might also be used as a powerful metabolic engineering tool for metabolic engineering in Z. mobilis. Furthermore, the two best strains could be used as novel host for further metabolic engineering in cellulosic ethanol or future biorefinery. Importantly, the two strains may also be used as novel-tolerant model organisms for the genetic mechanism on the "omics" level, which will provide some useful information for inverse metabolic engineering.

Evaluation of wheat stillage for ethanol production by recombinant Zymomonas mobilis

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Davis, L.; Peiris, P. [University of Western Sydney, Penrith (Australia). School of Science, Food and Horticulture; Young-Jae Jeon; Svenson, C.; Rogers, P. [University of New South Wales, Sydney (Australia). School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences; Pearce, J. [Manildra Group, Bomaderry (Australia)

2005-07-01

Stillage is the main residue from the starch-to-ethanol fermentation process.Carbohydrates (hemicellulose and cellulose) comprise approximately 50% (w/w)of the total components of stillage. Conversion of the hemicellulose and cellulose to fermentable sugars and then to ethanol has the potential to significantly increase the efficiency of the process. The hydrolysis of stillage to fermentable sugars was optimised using 2% (v/v) H{sub 2}SO{sub 4} at 100{sup o}C for 5.5 h and produced 18 g/L xylose, 11.5 g/L arabinose and 6.5 g/L glucose from 120 g/L stillage. Further hydrolysis using enzymes increased the release of glucose by 61%. Furfural, acetate and lactate were the main inhibitors present in the acid hydrolysate of stillage. The lignin-derived inhibitors hydroxymethylfuraldehyde, hydroxybenzaldehyde, vanillin and syringaldehyde were not detected. Neutralisation of the hydrolysate with lime to pH 5 decreased the concentration of furfural by 50%. Fermentation of hydrolysate supplemented with glucose 10 g/L, by recombinant Zymomonas mobilis ZM4(pZB5), produced 11 g/L of ethanol after 70 h, with residual xylose 12 g/L. Supplementation of the hydrolysate with 5 g/L yeast extract and 40 g/L glucose produced 28 g/L ethanol with 2.6 g/L residual xylose after 18 h. Arabinose was not utilised by this particular recombinant strain. From the results, Z. mobilis ZM4(pZB5) may be a suitable candidate for the fermentation of both glucose and xylose in stillage acid hydrolysates. (author)

Evaluation and optimization of ethanol production from carob pod extract by Zymomonas mobilis using response surface methodology.

Science.gov (United States)

Vaheed, Hossein; Shojaosadati, Seyed Abbas; Galip, Hasan

2011-01-01

In this research, ethanol production from carob pod extract (extract) using Zymomonas mobilis with medium optimized by Plackett-Burman (P-B) and response surface methodologies (RSM) was studied. Z. mobilis was recognized as useful for ethanol production from carob pod extract. The effects of initial concentrations of sugar, peptone, and yeast extract as well as agitation rate (rpm), pH, and culture time in nonhydrolyzed carob pod extract were investigated. Significantly affecting variables (P = 0.05) in the model obtained from RSM studies were: weights of bacterial inoculum, initial sugar, peptone, and yeast extract. Acid hydrolysis was useful to complete conversion of sugars to glucose and fructose. Nonhydrolyzed extract showed higher ethanol yield and residual sugar compared with hydrolyzed extract. Ethanol produced (g g(-1) initial sugar, as the response) was not significantly different (P = 0.05) when Z. mobilis performance was compared in hydrolyzed and nonhydrolyzed extract. The maximum ethanol of 0.34 ± 0.02 g g(-1) initial sugar was obtained at 30°C, initial pH 5.2, and 80 rpm, using concentrations (g per 50 mL culture media) of: inoculum bacterial dry weight, 0.017; initial sugar, 5.78; peptone, 0.43; yeast extract, 0.43; and culture time of 36 h.

Optimization of ethanol production by Zymomonas mobilis in sugar cane molasses fermentation

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Marcos Roberto Oliveira

2005-02-01

Full Text Available The present study aimed at the optimization of the ethanol production by Zymomonas mobilis CP4, during the fermentation of sugar cane molasses. As for the optimization process, the response surface methodology was applied, using a 33 incomplete factorial design, being the independent variables: total reducing sugar (TRS concentration in the molasses from 10, 55 and 100 g/L (x1; yeast extract concentration from 2, 11 and 20 g/L (x2, and fermentation time from 6, 15 and 24 hours (x3. The dependant variables or answers were the production and productivity of ethanol. By the analysis of the results, a good adjustment of the model to the experimental data was obtained. In the levels studied, the best condition for the production of ethanol was with 100 g/L TRS in the syrup, 2.0 g/L of yeast extract and the fermentation time between 20 and 24 hours, producing 30 g/L of ethanol.

Pre-treatment step with Leuconostoc mesenteroides or L. pseudomesenteroides strains removes furfural from Zymomonas mobilis ethanolic fermentation broth.

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Hunter, William J; Manter, Daniel K

2014-10-01

Furfural is an inhibitor of growth and ethanol production by Zymomonas mobilis. This study used a naturally occurring (not GMO) biological pre-treatment to reduce that amount of furfural in a model fermentation broth. Pre-treatment involved inoculating and incubating the fermentation broth with strains of Leuconostoc mesenteroides or Leuconostoc pseudomesenteroides. The Leuconostoc strains converted furfural to furfuryl alcohol without consuming large amounts of dextrose in the process. Coupling this pre-treatment to ethanolic fermentation reduced furfural in the broth and improved growth, dextrose uptake and ethanol formation. Pre-treatment permitted ethanol formation in the presence of 5.2 g L(-1) furfural, which was otherwise inhibitive. The pre-treatment and presence of the Leuconostoc strains in the fermentation broth did not interfere with Z. mobilis ethanolic fermentation or the amounts of ethanol produced. The method suggests a possible technique for reducing the effect that furfural has on the production of ethanol for use as a biofuel. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

Utilization of raw materials from agroindustry – sugar cane juice and yeast extract – for asparaginase production by Zymomonas mobilis CP4/ Uso de matérias primas da agroindústria – garapa e extrato de levedura – na produção de asparaginase por Zymomonas mobilis CP4

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Maria Antonia Pedrine Colabone Celligoi

2007-08-01

Full Text Available Sugar cane juice and yeast extract have been used for asparaginase production by Z. mobilis CP4. A complete factorial design of two variables (yeast extract and asparagin at three levels (1.0; 5.5 and 10.0 g/L with one replication at the central point was used. Batch fermentation utilised sugar cane juice diluted at 8 % (W/V of Total Sugars and an inoculum of 2 mg of cells/mL. After fermentation time of 18 hours, the highest production of asparaginase was 9.75 U/L using both yeast extract (5.5 g/L and asparagin (1.0 g/l.Garapa e extrato de levedura foram usados na produção de asparaginase por Zymomonas mobilis CP4. Na otimização utilizou metodologia de superfície de resposta com 2 variáveis (extrato de levedura e asparagina em 3 níveis (1,0; 5,5 e 10,0 g/L e uma repetição do ponto central. A fermentação em batelada utilizou garapa diluída a 8 % (P/V de Açúcares Totais e inóculo de Zymomonas mobilis CP4 na concentração de 2 mg/mL. Após a fermentação de 18 horas, a maior produção obtida de asparaginase foi de 9,75 U/L em extrato de levedura em 5,5 g/L e asparagina em 1,0 g/L.

Acción inhibitoria de una cepa de Zymomonas mobilis mobilis aislada de caña de azúcar sobre Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri, agente causal de la cancrosis de los cítricos Inhibition of Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri, causal agent of citrus canker, by a strain of Zymomonas mobilis mobilis isolated from sugarcane

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María E. Romero

2008-06-01

Full Text Available Zymomonas mobilis mobilis (Zm produce factores antimicrobianos que actúan sobre un amplio espectro de microorganismos patógenos para el hombre, animales y plantas. Un problema importante a resolver en los tratamientos con antimicrobianos, es el desarrollo de resistencia a compuestos empleados actualmente, no siendo las bacterias fitopatógenas una excepción. En el presente trabajo se realizaron ensayos de antagonismo con células (pruebas de estrías cruzadas y sobrenadantes concentrados (Sc (por difusión en agar preparados a partir de cultivos de Zm (aislada de jugo de caña de azúcar producido en Tucumán, frente a la bacteria causal de la cancrosis: Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri. Se evaluaron aislamientos de Xcc sensibles (Xc y resistentes (Xcr a compuestos a base de cobre. Los resultados obtenidos mostraron que la bacteria testigo fue inhibida totalmente por las células de Zm, ejerciendo un efecto bactericida. En los ensayos de difusión en el agar se observó que tanto Xc, como Xcr fueron sensibles al Sc de Zm. Se sabe, por estudios anteriores, que los metabolitos de Zymomonas tienen un efecto deletéreo en la membrana celular de E. coli AB1133, inhibiéndose la respiración de la bacteria inmediatamente de agregado Sc (60 UA. En el presente trabajo se observó el mismo efecto, inhibición total de la respiración en Xc, luego del agregado del Sc (60 UA. Por lo observado, se deduce que el blanco de acción de los metabolitos antimicrobianos de Sc en Xc, sería el mismo que el de E. coli AB1133. Con los resultados obtenidos se considera de interés encarar el estudio de los compuestos de Zm para ser empleados en el control de enfermedades que afectan los cultivos de valor económico de la región, como es el caso de la cancrosis, como así también profundizar acerca de la acción de dichos metabolitos en la membrana de Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri.Zymomonas mobilis mobilis (Zm produces antimicrobial factors, which have an effect on

Ethanol fermentation by immobilized cells of Zymomonas mobilis

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Grote, W.

1985-01-01

Previous studies have shown that immobilized yeast cell cultures have commercial potential for fuel ethanol production. In this study the suitability of strains of Z. mobilis for whole cell immobilization was investigated. Experiments revealed that immobilization in Ca-alginate or K-carrageenan gel or use of flocculating strains was effective for ethanol production at relatively high productivities. Two laboratory size reactors were designed and constructed. These were a compartmented multiple discshaft column and a tower fermentor. Results of this work supported other studies that established that growth and fermentation could be uncoupled. The data indicated that specific metabolic rates were dependent on the nature of the fermentation media. The addition of lactobacilli to Z. mobilis continuous fermentations had only a transient effect, and was unlikely to affect an immobilized Z. mobilis process. With 150 gl/sup -1/ glucose media and a Z. mobilis ZM4 immobilized cell reactor, a maximum volumetric ethanol productivity of 55 gl/sup -1/h/sup -1/ was obtained. The fermentation of sucrose media or sucrose-based raw materials (molasses, cane juice, synthetic mill liquor) by immobilized Z. mobilis ZM4 revealed a pattern of rapid sucrose hydrolysis, preferential glucose utilization and the conversion of fructose to the undesirable by-products levan and sorbitol.

The relationship between sucrose hydrolysis, sorbitol formation and mineral ion concentration during bioethanol formation using Zymomonas mobilis 2716

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Doelle, M.B.; Doelle, H.W. (Queensland Univ., St. Lucia (Australia). Dept. of Microbiology); Greenfield, P.F. (Queensland Univ., St. Lucia (Australia). Dept. of Chemical Engineering)

1990-11-01

Investigations into the relationship between sucrose hydrolysis, sorbitol formation and mineral ion concentration during bioethanol formation by Zymomonas mobilis 2716 revealed two distinct phenomena responsible for carbon flow diversion, a 'sucrose effect' and a 'salt effect'. Neither of the two phenomena affects sucrose hydrolysis, but they divert carbon flow of the fructose monomer leading to its own accumulation, sorbitol or oligosaccharide formation. Sucrose concentrations in excess of 15% (w/v) led to sorbitol formation, the level of which may exceed 2% (w/v) depending upon glucose accumulation during sucrose hydrolysis. Increasing mineral ion concentrations led initially to carbon losses and finally to fructose accumulation instead of sorbitol formation. This carbon loss can be corrected by the addition of invertase, which in turn leads to an increase in sorbitol, fructose and ethanol. Potassium and chloride are the dominant ions responsible for suppression of sorbitol formation and fructose uptake, encouraging oligosaccharide formation. These fructooligosaccharides must be of a type which can be converted to fructose, sorbitol and ethanol through the action of invertase. The requirement of invertase addition to prevent fructooligosaccharide formation is indirect evidence that Z. mobilis 2716 does not produce invertase. (orig.).

Transcriptomic and metabolomic profiling of Zymomonas mobilis during aerobic and anaerobic fermentations

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Palumbo Anthony V

2009-01-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background Zymomonas mobilis ZM4 (ZM4 produces near theoretical yields of ethanol with high specific productivity and recombinant strains are able to ferment both C-5 and C-6 sugars. Z. mobilis performs best under anaerobic conditions, but is an aerotolerant organism. However, the genetic and physiological basis of ZM4's response to various stresses is understood poorly. Results In this study, transcriptomic and metabolomic profiles for ZM4 aerobic and anaerobic fermentations were elucidated by microarray analysis and by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC, gas chromatography (GC and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS analyses. In the absence of oxygen, ZM4 consumed glucose more rapidly, had a higher growth rate, and ethanol was the major end-product. Greater amounts of other end-products such as acetate, lactate, and acetoin were detected under aerobic conditions and at 26 h there was only 1.7% of the amount of ethanol present aerobically as there was anaerobically. In the early exponential growth phase, significant differences in gene expression were not observed between aerobic and anaerobic conditions via microarray analysis. HPLC and GC analyses revealed minor differences in extracellular metabolite profiles at the corresponding early exponential phase time point. Differences in extracellular metabolite profiles between conditions became greater as the fermentations progressed. GC-MS analysis of stationary phase intracellular metabolites indicated that ZM4 contained lower levels of amino acids such as alanine, valine and lysine, and other metabolites like lactate, ribitol, and 4-hydroxybutanoate under anaerobic conditions relative to aerobic conditions. Stationary phase microarray analysis revealed that 166 genes were significantly differentially expressed by more than two-fold. Transcripts for Entner-Doudoroff (ED pathway genes (glk, zwf, pgl, pgk, and eno and gene pdc, encoding a key enzyme leading to ethanol

Furfural-tolerant Zymomonas mobilis derived from error-prone PCR-based whole genome shuffling and their tolerant mechanism.

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Huang, Suzhen; Xue, Tingli; Wang, Zhiquan; Ma, Yuanyuan; He, Xueting; Hong, Jiefang; Zou, Shaolan; Song, Hao; Zhang, Minhua

2018-04-01

Furfural-tolerant strain is essential for the fermentative production of biofuels or chemicals from lignocellulosic biomass. In this study, Zymomonas mobilis CP4 was for the first time subjected to error-prone PCR-based whole genome shuffling, and the resulting mutants F211 and F27 that could tolerate 3 g/L furfural were obtained. The mutant F211 under various furfural stress conditions could rapidly grow when the furfural concentration reduced to 1 g/L. Meanwhile, the two mutants also showed higher tolerance to high concentration of glucose than the control strain CP4. Genome resequencing revealed that the F211 and F27 had 12 and 13 single-nucleotide polymorphisms. The activity assay demonstrated that the activity of NADH-dependent furfural reductase in mutant F211 and CP4 was all increased under furfural stress, and the activity peaked earlier in mutant than in control. Also, furfural level in the culture of F211 was also more rapidly decreased. These indicate that the increase in furfural tolerance of the mutants may be resulted from the enhanced NADH-dependent furfural reductase activity during early log phase, which could lead to an accelerated furfural detoxification process in mutants. In all, we obtained Z. mobilis mutants with enhanced furfural and high concentration of glucose tolerance, and provided valuable clues for the mechanism of furfural tolerance and strain development.

Evaluation of ethanol production from pito mash using Zymomonas ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

PROMOTING ACCESS TO AFRICAN RESEARCH ... dinitrosalicylic acid (DNS) method, while analysis of ethanol content was performed using gas chromatography. ... Keywords: Pito mash, agro-industrial wastes, Zymomonas mobilis, ethanol, reducing sugars. Full Text: EMAIL FREE FULL TEXT EMAIL FREE FULL TEXT

Three new shuttle vectors for heterologous expression in Zymomonas mobilis

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Qinghua Cao

2016-01-01

Conclusions: These results indicated that these expression vectors are useful tools for gene expression in Z. mobilis and this could provide a solid foundation for further studies of heterologous gene expression in Z. mobilis.

Stillage as a Source of Growth Promoting Biofactors and a Stimulator of Levan and Extracellular Levansucrase Synthesis for Zymomonas mobilis

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Mara Grube

2002-01-01

Full Text Available In the present work, the fermentation of simultaneous production of ethanol and levan by Zymomonas mobilis grown on different growth media has been studied. Yeast extract, rye stillage or sugar beet molasses stillage were used as additives to the basic sucrose media and the chemical composition, including vitamins, of the cultivation liquids have been determined. It has been shown that 0.5 % of yeast extract dry weight additive could be substituted by 10.0 % of native stillage additive. It was established that molasses stillage stimulates the ethanol synthesis, but rye stillage additive is more preferable for levan production. The extracellular levansucrase obtained from the culture liquid resulted in similar fructooligosaccharide-producing activities using all the above-mentioned media additives.

Evaluation of supplementation of sucrose medium on the synthesis of Zymomonas mobilis bio-products = Avaliação da suplementação do meio de sacarose na formação de bio– produtos por Zymomonas mobilis

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Raquel Renan Jorge Borsari

2010-07-01

Full Text Available The effect of the variables pantothenic acid, yeast extract and sodiumchloride, as well as the cell permeabilization technique, were investigated on the formation of levan, ethanol, sorbitol and biomass of Zymomonas mobilis, using a 24-1 fraction factorial design. Cell growth was determined by turbidimetry at 605 nm, relating it to a biomass with a dry weight calibration curve. Reducing sugars were quantified according to Somogyi and Nelson. Total sugars were quantified by the phenol-sulfuric acid method, sorbitol by HPLC and ethanol. The levan produced was precipitated by the addition of absolute ethanol and quantified in fructose units. In levan biosynthesis, the variable that had the largest contribution was cell condition. The results suggested that the factors that most affected biomass and ethanol formation were sodium chloride concentration and cell condition that affected negatively on production. For sorbitol, the variable that had a significant effect was permeabilization, which decreased its synthesis. Studies to amplify the range of established factors would be important.A influência das variáveis: ácido pantotênico, extrato de levedura, cloreto de sódio, e a técnica de permeabilização celular foram investigadas na formação de levana, sorbitol, etanol e biomassa de Zymomonas mobilis utilizando um delineamento estatístico fatorial fracionado 24-1. A biomassa foi determinada por turbidimetria, Os açúcares redutores foram quantificados por Somogy e Nelson, açúcartotal por Fenol Sulfúrico, sorbitol por HPLC e etanol por micro-destilação. A levana produzida foi precipitada com etanol absoluto e determinada como unidade de frutose. Na biossíntese de levana, a variável que mais contribuiu foi a condição celular. Os resultadossugerem que, para a formação da biomassa e etanol, os fatores que mais interferiram foram a concentração de cloreto de sódio e a condição celular que influencia negativamente a produ

Identification and Characterization of 5′ Untranslated Regions (5′UTRs in Zymomonas mobilis as Regulatory Biological Parts

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Seung Hee Cho

2017-12-01

Full Text Available Regulatory RNA regions within a transcript, particularly in the 5′ untranslated region (5′UTR, have been shown in a variety of organisms to control the expression levels of these mRNAs in response to various metabolites or environmental conditions. Considering the unique tolerance of Zymomonas mobilis to ethanol and the growing interest in engineering microbial strains with enhanced tolerance to industrial inhibitors, we searched natural cis-regulatory regions in this microorganism using transcriptomic data and bioinformatics analysis. Potential regulatory 5′UTRs were identified and filtered based on length, gene function, relative gene counts, and conservation in other organisms. An in vivo fluorescence-based screening system was developed to confirm the responsiveness of 36 5′UTR candidates to ethanol, acetate, and xylose stresses. UTR_ZMO0347 (5′UTR of gene ZMO0347 encoding the RNA binding protein Hfq was found to down-regulate downstream gene expression under ethanol stress. Genomic deletion of UTR_ZMO0347 led to a general decrease of hfq expression at the transcript level and increased sensitivity for observed changes in Hfq expression at the protein level. The role of UTR_ZMO0347 and other 5′UTRs gives us insight into the regulatory network of Z. mobilis in response to stress and unlocks new strategies for engineering robust industrial strains as well as for harvesting novel responsive regulatory biological parts for controllable gene expression platforms in this organism.

Application of fractional factorial design to levan production by Zymomonas mobilis Aplicação do planejamento fatorial fracionário para a produção de levana por Zymomonas mobilis

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I.R. Melo

2007-03-01

Full Text Available Levan is a non-toxic, biologically active, extra cellular polysaccharide composed solely by fructose units. Optimization of levan production by Zymomonas mobilis strain ZAG-12 employing a 2(4-1 fractional factorial design was performed to analyze the influence of the temperature (20, 25 e 30ºC agitation (50, 75 e 100 rpm, and the initial concentrations of both sucrose (150, 200 e 250 g.L-1 and yeast extract (2.0, 3.5 e 5.0g.L-1 on final levan concentration. Aerobic fermentation was performed batchwise in 500mL Pyrex flasks for 72 hours. Biomass, ethanol, levan and sucrose were determined at beginning and also at end of the fermentations. The experiments showed that the final levan concentration depended on initial sucrose concentration, temperature and agitation velocity and that the initial concentration of yeast extract did not influence levan production. However, when the production of ethanol and biomass were considered, it became evident that yeast extract was a significant variable. The best conditions for levan production occurred at 100 rpm agitation, 20ºC and 250g.L-1 of initial sucrose resulting in 14.67g.L-1 of levan.Levana é um polissacarídeo extracelular, biologicamente ativo, não tóxico, contendo em sua estrutura apenas frutose. A maximização da produção de levana, por via fermentativa, pela linhagem de Zymomonas mobilis ZAG-12, foi estudada utilizando-se um planejamento fatorial de dois níveis 2(4-1, variando-se as concentrações iniciais de sacarose (150, 200 e 250 g.L-1 , extrato de levedura (2.0, 3.5 e 5.0 g.L-1, temperatura (20, 25 e 30ºC e agitação (50, 75 e 100 rpm. As fermentações foram desenvolvidas por processos descontínuos em frascos Pyrex roscados, de 500 mL, contendo 300 mL de meio a base de sacarose, por 72 horas. No início e ao final do processo, foram dosados: biomassa, etanol, levana e sacarose como açúcares redutores totais. A análise dos dados mostra que o aumento da produção de levana

Effect of Brönsted acidic ionic liquid 1-(1-propylsulfonic)-3-methylimidazolium chloride on growth and co-fermentation of glucose, xylose and arabinose by Zymomonas mobilis AX101.

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Gyamerah, M; Ampaw-Asiedu, M; Mackey, J; Menezes, B; Woldesenbet, S

2018-06-01

The potential of large-scale lignocellulosic biomass hydrolysis to fermentable sugars using ionic liquids has increased interest in this green chemistry route to fermentation for fuel-ethanol production. The ionic liquid 1-(1-propylsulfonic)-3-methylimidazolium chloride compared to other reported ionic liquids has the advantage of hydrolysing lignocellulosic biomass to reducing sugars at catalytic concentrations (≤0·032 mol l -1 ) in a single step. However, effects of this ionic liquid on co-fermentation of glucose, xylose and arabinose to ethanol by recombinant Zymomonas mobilisAX101 has not been studied. Authentic glucose, xylose and arabinose were used to formulate fermentation media at varying catalytic 1-(1-propylsulfonic)-3-methylimidazolium chloride concentrations for batch co-fermentation of the sugars using Z. mobilisAX101. The results showed that at 0·008, 0·016 and 0·032 mol l -1 ionic liquid in the culture medium, cell growth decreased by 10, 27 and 67% respectively compared to the control. Ethanol yields were 62·6, 61·8, 50·5 and 23·1% for the control, 0·008, 0·016 and 0·032 mol l -1 ionic liquid respectively. The results indicate that lignocellulosic biomass hydrolysed using 0·008 mol l -1 of 1-(1-propylsulfonic)-3-methylimidazolium chloride would eliminate an additional separation step and provide a ready to use fermentation substrate. This is the first reported study of the effect of the Brönsted acidic ionic liquid 1-(1-propylsulfonic)-3-methylimidazolium chloride on growth and co-fermentation of glucose, xylose and arabinose by Zymomonas mobilisAX101 in batch culture. Growth on and co-fermentation of the sugars by Z. mobilisAX 101 with no significant inhibition by the ionic liquid at the same catalytic amounts of 0·008 mol l -1 used to hydrolyse lignocellulosic biomass to reducing sugars overcome two major hurdles that adversely affect the process economics of large-scale industrial cellulosic fuel ethanol production

Influence of carbon source and the fermentation process on levan production by Zymomonas mobilis analyzed by the surface response method Influência da fonte de carbono e do processo fermentativo na produção de levana por Zymomonas mobilis analisada pela metodologia de superfície de resposta

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Raquel Renan Jorge Borsari

2006-09-01

Full Text Available The aim of this study is to assess sugar cane juice and sucrose as substrates, the batch and fed batch processes and their interaction in the levan production using a complete factorial design. Zymomonas mobilis was cultivated in different sugar cane juice and sucrose concentrations in two fermentation processes at 25 °C for 20 h. A complete factorial design (2³ was used to analyze the effects of the type and concentration of the substrate, as well as the batch and fed batch processes. A complete second factorial design (2² was used to observe the importance of sugar cane juice. The results indicated that the batch process improved the levan production reaching 40.14 g/L. The addition of sugar cane juice was not statistically significant for levan formation, however sugar cane juice stimulated biomass, sorbitol and ethanol production. The best medium for levan production was 150 g/L sucrose in batch.O presente estudo avaliou caldo de cana de açúcar e sacarose como substratos e os processos batelada e batelada alimentada e suas interações na produção de levana. Zymomonas mobilis foi cultivada em diferentes concentrações de caldo de cana de açúcar e sacarose nos dois processos fermentativos a 25 °C por 20 h. Foi utilizado um delineamento fatorial completo (23 para analisar os efeitos do tipo e concentração de substratos e processos batelada e batelada alimentada. Um segundo delineamento fatorial completo (22 foi usado para confirmar a importância do caldo de cana de açúcar. Os resultados indicam que o processo batelada foi o melhor para a produção de levana, atingindo 40,14 g/L em 150 g/L de sacarose. A adição de caldo de cana de açúcar não foi estatisticamente significativa para formação de levana, porém o caldo estimulou a produção de biomassa, sorbitol e etanol.

Structure of the Zymomonas mobilis respiratory chain: oxygen affinity of electron transport and the role of cytochrome c peroxidase.

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Balodite, Elina; Strazdina, Inese; Galinina, Nina; McLean, Samantha; Rutkis, Reinis; Poole, Robert K; Kalnenieks, Uldis

2014-09-01

The genome of the ethanol-producing bacterium Zymomonas mobilis encodes a bd-type terminal oxidase, cytochrome bc1 complex and several c-type cytochromes, yet lacks sequences homologous to any of the known bacterial cytochrome c oxidase genes. Recently, it was suggested that a putative respiratory cytochrome c peroxidase, receiving electrons from the cytochrome bc1 complex via cytochrome c552, might function as a peroxidase and/or an alternative oxidase. The present study was designed to test this hypothesis, by construction of a cytochrome c peroxidase mutant (Zm6-perC), and comparison of its properties with those of a mutant defective in the cytochrome b subunit of the bc1 complex (Zm6-cytB). Disruption of the cytochrome c peroxidase gene (ZZ60192) caused a decrease of the membrane NADH peroxidase activity, impaired the resistance of growing culture to exogenous hydrogen peroxide and hampered aerobic growth. However, this mutation did not affect the activity or oxygen affinity of the respiratory chain, or the kinetics of cytochrome d reduction. Furthermore, the peroxide resistance and membrane NADH peroxidase activity of strain Zm6-cytB had not decreased, but both the oxygen affinity of electron transport and the kinetics of cytochrome d reduction were affected. It is therefore concluded that the cytochrome c peroxidase does not terminate the cytochrome bc1 branch of Z. mobilis, and that it is functioning as a quinol peroxidase. © 2014 The Authors.

Modelling of the metabolism of Zymomonas mobilis

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Posten, C; Thoma, M

1986-01-01

In order to optimize fermentations with respect to media, reactor configuration, and control a structured model of the metabolism of Zymononas mobilis has been developed. The model is based on structure of metabolism, rate limiting steps, energy balance and metabolic elemental balances. A three-fold effect of ethanol has been observed concerning substrate-turnover, ammonia uptake and energy consumption. In addition to the metabolic view a structured cell-membrane-model should be considered.

Evaluation of supplementation of sucrose medium on the synthesis of Zymomonas mobilis bio-products - doi: 10.4025/actascibiolsci.v32i3.1519

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Maria Antonia Pedrini Colabone Celligoi

2010-09-01

Full Text Available The effect of the variables pantothenic acid, yeast extract and sodium chloride, as well as the cell permeabilization technique, were investigated on the formation of levan, ethanol, sorbitol and biomass of Zymomonas mobilis, using a 24-1 fraction factorial design. Cell growth was determined by turbidimetry at 605 nm, relating it to a biomass with a dry weight calibration curve. Reducing sugars were quantified according to Somogyi and Nelson. Total sugars were quantified by the phenol-sulfuric acid method, sorbitol by HPLC and ethanol. The levan produced was precipitated by the addition of absolute ethanol and quantified in fructose units. In levan biosynthesis, the variable that had the largest contribution was cell condition. The results suggested that the factors that most affected biomass and ethanol formation were sodium chloride concentration and cell condition that affected negatively on production. For sorbitol, the variable that had a significant effect was permeabilization, which decreased its synthesis. Studies to amplify the range of established factors would be important.The effect of the variables pantothenic acid, yeast extract and sodium chloride, as well as the cell permeabilization technique, were investigated on the formation of levan, ethanol, sorbitol and biomass of Zymomonas mobilis, using a 24-1 fraction factorial design. Cell growth was determined by turbidimetry at 605 nm, relating it to a biomass with a dry weight calibration curve. Reducing sugars were quantified according to Somogyi and Nelson. Total sugars were quantified by the phenol-sulfuric acid method, sorbitol by HPLC and ethanol. The levan produced was precipitated by the addition of absolute ethanol and quantified in fructose units. In levan biosynthesis, the variable that had the largest contribution was cell condition. The results suggested that the factors that most affected biomass and ethanol formation were sodium chloride concentration and cell

Hybrid neural network model for simulating sorbitol synthesis by glucose-fructose oxidoreductase in Zymomonas mobilis CP4

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Bravo S.

2004-01-01

Full Text Available A hybrid neural network model for simulating the process of enzymatic reduction of fructose to sorbitol process catalyzed by glucose-fructose oxidoreductase in Zymomonas mobilis CP4 is presented. Data used to derive and validate the model was obtained from experiments carried out under different conditions of pH, temperature and concentrations of both substrates (glucose and fructose involved in the reaction. Sonicated and lyophilized cells were used as source of the enzyme. The optimal pH for sorbitol synthesis at 30º C is 6.5. For a value of pH of 6, the optimal temperature is 35º C. The neural network in the model computes the value of the kinetic relationship. The hybrid neural network model is able to simulate changes in the substrates and product concentrations during sorbitol synthesis under pH and temperature conditions ranging between 5 and 7.5 and 25 and 40º C, respectively. Under these conditions the rate of sorbitol synthesis shows important differences. Values computed using the hybrid neural network model have an average error of 1.7·10-3 mole.

The effects of potassium and chloride ions on the ethanolic fermentation of sucrose by Zymomonas mobilis 2716

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kirk, L A; Doelle, H W [Queensland Univ., Brisbane (Australia). Dept. of Microbiology

1992-04-01

The inclusion of specific salts in Zymomonas mobilis batch sucrose fermentations can limit by-product formation. Sorbitol and fructo-oligosaccharide formation can be reduced and ethanol production enhanced by manipulating mineral salt concentrations. Chloride salts reduced the production of biomass and sorbitol in favour of fructo-obligosaccharide formation at concentrations lower than 10 g NaCl/l or MgCl{sub 2}. Higher concentrations led to the accumulation of glucose and fructose. Low concentrations of KH{sub 2}PO{sub 4} (<20 g/l) enhanced biomass formation, and the concomitant reduction in sorbitol and fructo-obligosaccharides favoured enhanced ethanol formation. At concentrations above 20 g/l, its effects were similar to those obtained with the chloride salts. Invertase addition at the start of fermentation increased sorbitol formation, whereas addition after the completion of sucrose hydrolysis resulted in the conversion of fructo-obligosaccharides formed into fructose or ethanol. Fermentation with 250 g/l of sugar-cane syrup (=130 g sucrose/l) in the presence of 8 g KH{sub 2}PO{sub 4}/l, with 0.05 g invertase/l added on the completion of sucrose hydrolysis, resulted in a conversion efficiency of 94% with complete carbon accountability, and only 7 g sorbitol/l. (orig.).

Produção de L-asparaginase por Zymomonas mobilis durante a fermentação do melaço: otimização das condições de cultivo utilizando delineamento fatorial - DOI: 10.4025/actascitechnol.v28i2.1178

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Doumit Camilios Neto

2006-03-01

Full Text Available A L-asparaginase é uma enzima com atividade anti-leucêmica produzida por microrganismos, principalmente bactérias gram-negativas. Zymomonas mobilis é uma bactéria gram-negativa, que apresenta potencial para produção de L-asparaginase. Esse estudo buscou a otimização da produção de L-asparaginase por Zymomonas mobilis, durante a fermentação do melaço de cana-de-açúcar, utilizando um delineamento fatorial incompleto 33. O modelo obtido através da metodologia de superfície de resposta foi otimizado pelo software Otplex. Obteve-se bom ajuste do modelo aos dados experimentais, sendo o coeficiente de determinação total (R2, 95%. A máxima atividade enzimática (16,55 UI L-1 foi obtida com uma concentração de açúcares redutores totais no melaço de 100,0 g L-1, 2,0 g L-1 de extrato de levedura e com 21 horas de fermentação. A validação experimental confirmou a capacidade preditiva do modelo, sendo a diferença entre resposta estimada(Ŷ1 e resposta observada (Y1 apenas de 1%.

Performance testing of Zymomonas mobilis metabolically engineered for cofermentation of glucose, xylose, and arabinose.

Science.gov (United States)

Lawford, Hugh G; Rousseau, Joyce D

2002-01-01

IOGEN Corporation of Ottawa, Canada, has recently built a 40t/d biomass-to-ethanol demonstration plant adjacent to its enzyme production facility. It has partnered with the University of Toronto to test the C6/C5 cofermenta-tion performance characteristics of the National Renewable Energy Labora-tory's metabolically engineered Zymomonas mobilis using various biomass hydrolysates. IOGEN's feedstocks are primarily agricultural wastes such as corn stover and wheat straw. Integrated recombinant Z. mobilis strain AX101 grows on D-xylose and/or L-arabinose as the sole carbon/energy sources and ferments these pentose sugars to ethanol in high yield. Strain AX101 lacks the tetracycline resistance gene that was a common feature of other recombinant Zm constructs. Genomic integration provides reliable cofermentation performance in the absence of antibiotics, another characteristic making strain AX101 attractive for industrial cellulosic ethanol production. In this work, IOGEN's biomass hydrolysate was simulated by a pure sugar medium containing 6% (w/v) glucose, 3% xylose, and 0.35% arabinose. At a level of 3 g/L (dry solids), corn steep liquor with inorganic nitrogen (0.8 g/L of ammonium chloride or 1.2 g/L of diammonium phosphate) was a cost-effective nutritional supplement. In the absence of acetic acid, the maximum volumetric ethanol productivity of a continuous fermentation at pH 5.0 was 3.54 g/L x h. During prolonged continuous fermentation, the efficiency of sugar-to-ethanol conversion (based on total sugar load) was maintained at >85%. At a level of 0.25% (w/v) acetic acid, the productivity decreased to 1.17 g/L x h at pH 5.5. Unlike integrated, xylose-utilizing rec Zm strain C25, strain AX101 produces less lactic acid as byproduct, owing to the fact that the Escherichia coli arabinose genes are inserted into a region of the host chromosome tentatively assigned to the gene for D-lactic acid dehydrogenase. In pH-controlled batch fermentations with sugar mixtures, the

Development of corn silk as a biocarrier for Zymomonas mobilis biofilms in ethanol production from rice straw.

Science.gov (United States)

Todhanakasem, Tatsaporn; Tiwari, Rashmi; Thanonkeo, Pornthap

2016-01-01

Z. mobilis cell immobilization has been proposed as an effective means of improving ethanol production. In this work, polystyrene and corn silk were used as biofilm developmental matrices for Z. mobilis ethanol production with rice straw hydrolysate as a substrate. Rice straw was hydrolyzed by dilute sulfuric acid (H2SO4) and enzymatic hydrolysis. The final hydrolysate contained furfural (271.95 ± 76.30 ppm), 5-hydroxymethyl furfural (0.07 ± 0.00 ppm), vanillin (1.81 ± 0.00 ppm), syringaldehyde (5.07 ± 0.83 ppm), 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde (4-HB) (2.39 ± 1.20 ppm) and acetic acid (0.26 ± 0.08%). Bacterial attachment or biofilm formation of Z. mobilis strain TISTR 551 on polystyrene and delignified corn silk carrier provided significant ethanol yields. Results showed up to 0.40 ± 0.15 g ethanol produced/g glucose consumed when Z. mobilis was immobilized on a polystyrene carrier and 0.51 ± 0.13 g ethanol produced/g glucose consumed when immobilized on delignified corn silk carrier under batch fermentation by Z. mobilis TISTR 551 biofilm. The higher ethanol yield from immobilized, rather than free living, Z. mobilis could possibly be explained by a higher cell density, better control of anaerobic conditions and higher toxic tolerance of Z. mobilis biofilms over free cells.

Optimization of process parameters for ethanol production from sugar cane molasses by Zymomonas mobilis using response surface methodology and genetic algorithm

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Maiti, Bodhisatta; Shekhawat, Mitali; Srivastava, Pradeep [Banaras Hindu Univ., Varanasi (India). School of Biochemical Engineering; Rathore, Ankita [Nizam College, Hyderabad (India). Dept. of Biotechnology; Srivastava, Saurav [National Institute of Technology, Durgapur (India). Dept. of Biotechnology

2011-04-15

Ethanol is a potential energy source and its production from renewable biomass has gained lot of popularity. There has been worldwide research to produce ethanol from regional inexpensive substrates. The present study deals with the optimization of process parameters (viz. temperature, pH, initial total reducing sugar (TRS) concentration in sugar cane molasses and fermentation time) for ethanol production from sugar cane molasses by Zymomonas mobilis using Box-Behnken experimental design and genetic algorithm (GA). An empirical model was developed through response surface methodology to analyze the effects of the process parameters on ethanol production. The data obtained after performing the experiments based on statistical design was utilized for regression analysis and analysis of variance studies. The regression equation obtained after regression analysis was used as a fitness function for the genetic algorithm. The GA optimization technique predicted a maximum ethanol yield of 59.59 g/L at temperature 31 C, pH 5.13, initial TRS concentration 216 g/L and fermentation time 44 h. The maximum experimental ethanol yield obtained after applying GA was 58.4 g/L, which was in close agreement with the predicted value. (orig.)

An evolved xylose transporter from Zymomonas mobilis enhances sugar transport in Escherichia coli

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Zhang Jingqing

2009-12-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background Xylose is a second most abundant sugar component of lignocellulose besides glucose. Efficient fermentation of xylose is important for the economics of biomass-based biorefineries. However, sugar mixtures are sequentially consumed in xylose co-fermentation with glucose due to carbon catabolite repression (CCR in microorganisms. As xylose transmembrance transport is one of the steps repressed by CCR, it is therefore of interest to develop a transporter that is less sensitive to the glucose inhibition or CCR. Results The glucose facilitator protein Glf transporter from Zymomonas mobilis, also an efficient transporter for xylose, was chosen as the target transporter for engineering to eliminate glucose inhibition on xylose uptake. The evolution of Glf transporter was carried out with a mixture of glucose and xylose in E. coli. Error-prone PCR and random deletion were employed respectively in two rounds of evolution. Aided by a high-throughput screening assay using xylose analog p-nitrophenyl-β-D-xylopyranoside (pNPX in 96-well plates, a best mutant 2-RD5 was obtained that contains several mutations, and a deletion of 134 residues (about 28% of total residues, or three fewer transmembrane sections (TMSs. It showed a 10.8-fold improvement in terms of pNPX transport activity in the presence of glucose. The fermentation performance results showed that this mutant improved xylose consumption by 42% with M9 minimal medium containing 20 g L-1 xylose only, while with the mixture sugar of xylose and glucose, 28% more glucose was consumed, but no obvious co-utilization of xylose was observed. Further glucose fed-batch experiments suggested that the intracellular metabolism of xylose was repressed by glucose. Conclusions Through random mutagenesis and partial deletion coupled with high-throughput screening, a mutant of the Glf transporter (2-RD5 was obtained that relieved the inhibition of xylose transport by glucose. The fermentation

Development of High-Productivity Continuous Ethanol Production using PVA-Immobilized Zymomonas mobilis in an Immobilized-Cells Fermenter

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Nurhayati Nurhayati

2015-07-01

Full Text Available Ethanol as one of renewable energy was being considered an excellent alternative clean-burning fuel to replace gasoline. Continuous ethanol fermentation systems had offered important economic advantages compared to traditional systems. Fermentation rates were significantly improved, especially when continuous fermentation was integrated with cell immobilization techniques to enrich the cells concentration in fermentor. Growing cells of Zymomonas mobilis immobilized in polyvinyl alcohol (PVA gel beads were employed in an immobilized-cells fermentor for continuous ethanol fermentation from glucose. The glucose loading, dilution rate, and cells loading were varied in order to determine which best condition employed in obtaining both high ethanol production and low residual glucose with high dilution rate. In this study, 20 g/L, 100 g/L, 125 g/L and 150 g/L of glucose concentration and 20% (w/v, 40% (w/v and 50% (w/v of cells loading were employed with range of dilution rate at 0.25 to 1 h-1. The most stable production was obtained for 25 days by employing 100 g/L of glucose loading. Meanwhile, the results also exhibited that 125 g/L of glucose loading as well as 40% (w/v of cells loading yielded high ethanol concentration, high ethanol productivity, and acceptable residual glucose at 62.97 g/L, 15.74 g/L/h and 0.16 g/L, respectively. Furthermore, the dilution rate of 4 hour with 100 g/L and 40% (w/v of glucose and cells loading was considered as the optimum condition with ethanol production, ethanol productivity and residual glucose obtained were 49.89 g/L, 12.47 g/L/h, and 2.04 g/L, respectively. This recent study investigated ethanol inhibition as well. The present research had proved that high sugar concentration was successfully converted to ethanol. These achieved results were promising for further study.

Production of ethanol from mesquite [Prosopis juliflora (SW) D.C.] pods mash by Zymomonas mobilis in submerged fermentation

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Silva, Celiane Gomes Maia da [Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco (UFRPE), Recife, PE (Brazil). Dept. de Ciencias Domesticas; Andrade, Samara Alvachian Cardoso; Schuler, Alexandre Ricardo Pereira [Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, PE (Brazil). Dept. de Engenharia Quimica; Souza, Evandro Leite de [Universidade Federal da Paraiba (UFPB), Joao Pessoa, PB (Brazil). Dept. de Nutricao; Stamford, Tania Lucia Montenegro [Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, PE (Brazil). Dept. de Nutricao], E-mail: tlmstamford@yahoo.com.br

2011-01-15

Mesquite [Prosopis juliflora (SW) D.C.], a perennial tropical plant commonly found in Brazilian semi-arid region, is a viable raw material for fermentative processes because of its low cost and production of pods with high content of hydrolyzable sugars which generate many compounds, including ethanol. This study aimed to evaluate the use of mesquite pods as substrate for ethanol production by Z. mobilis UFPEDA- 205 in a submerged fermentation. The fermentation was assessed for rate of substrate yield to ethanol, rate of ethanol production and efficiency of fermentation. The very close theoretical (170 g L{sup -1}) and experimental (165 g L{sup -1}) maximum ethanol yields were achieved at 36 h of fermentation. The highest counts of Z. mobilis UFEPEDA-205 (both close to 6 Log cfu mL{sup -1}) were also noted at 36 h. Highest rates of substrate yield to ethanol (0.44 g ethanol g glucose{sup -1}), of ethanol production (4.69 g L{sup -1} h{sup -1}) and of efficiency of fermentation (86.81%) were found after 30 h. These findings suggest mesquite pods as an interesting substrate for ethanol production using submerged fermentation by Z. mobilis. (author)

An internal deletion in MTH1 enables growth on glucose of pyruvate-decarboxylase negative, non-fermentative Saccharomyces cerevisiae

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Oud, B.; Flores, C.L.; Gancedo, C.; Zhang, X.; Trueheart, J.; Daran, J.M.; Pronk, J.T.; Van Maris, A.J.A.

2012-01-01

Background Pyruvate-decarboxylase negative (Pdc-) strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae combine the robustness and high glycolytic capacity of this yeast with the absence of alcoholic fermentation. This makes Pdc-S. cerevisiae an interesting platform for efficient conversion of glucose towards

ORF Alignment: NC_006526 [GENIUS II[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available ltransferase [Zymomonas mobilis subsp. mobilis ... ZM4] ... Length = 162 ... Query: 11 ... IALYPGTFDPVTLGHLDIIRRGARIFD...HLIIAVAENPGKSPLFSSEERASMIRHEISRLE 70 ... IALYPGTFDPVTLGHLDIIRRGARIFD...HLIIAVAENPGKSPLFSSEERASMIRHEISRLE Sbjct: 1 ... IALYPGTFDPVTLGHLDIIRRGARIFDHLIIAVAENPGKSPLFSSEERASM

Identification of yeast and bacteria involved in the mezcal fermentation of Agave salmiana.

Science.gov (United States)

Escalante-Minakata, P; Blaschek, H P; Barba de la Rosa, A P; Santos, L; De León-Rodríguez, A

2008-06-01

To identify the yeast and bacteria present in the mezcal fermentation from Agave salmiana. The restriction and sequence analysis of the amplified region, between 18S and 28S rDNA and 16S rDNA genes, were used for the identification of yeast and bacteria, respectively. Eleven different micro-organisms were identified in the mezcal fermentation. Three of them were the following yeast: Clavispora lusitaniae, Pichia fermentans and Kluyveromyces marxianus. The bacteria found were Zymomonas mobilis subsp. mobilis and Zymomonas mobilis subsp. pomaceae, Weissella cibaria, Weissella paramesenteroides, Lactobacillus pontis, Lactobacillus kefiri, Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus farraginis. The phylogenetic analysis of 16S rDNA and ITS sequences showed that microbial diversity present in mezcal is dominated by bacteria, mainly lactic acid bacteria species and Zymomonas mobilis. Pichia fermentans and K. marxianus could be micro-organisms with high potential for the production of some volatile compounds in mezcal. We identified the community of bacteria and yeast present in mezcal fermentation from Agave salmiana.

Production of ethanol from mesquite [Prosopis juliflora (SW D.C.] pods mash by Zymomonas mobilis in submerged fermentation Produção de etanol a partir do mosto de vagens de algaroba [Prosopis juliflora (SW D.C.] por Zymomonas mobilis em fermentação submersa

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Celiane Gomes Maia da Silva

2011-02-01

Full Text Available Mesquite [Prosopis juliflora (SW D.C.], a perennial tropical plant commonly found in Brazilian semi-arid region, is a viable raw material for fermentative processes because of its low cost and production of pods with high content of hydrolysable sugars which generate many compounds, including ethanol. This study aimed to evaluate the use of mesquite pods as substrate for ethanol production by Z. mobilis UFPEDA205 in a submerged fermentation. The fermentation was assessed for rate of substrate yield to ethanol, rate of ethanol production and efficiency of fermentation. The very close theoretical (170 g L-1 and experimental (165 g L-1 maximum ethanol yields were achieved at 36 h of fermentation. The highest counts of Z. mobilis UFEPEDA-205 (both close to 6 Log cfu mL-1 were also noted at 36 h. Highest rates of substrate yield to ethanol (0.44 g ethanol g glucose-1, of ethanol production (4.69 g L-1 h-1 and of efficiency of fermentation (86.81% were found after 30 h. These findings suggest mesquite pods as an interesting substrate for ethanol production using submerged fermentation by Z. mobilis.A algaroba [Prosopis juliflora (SW D.C.] é uma planta tropical perene comumente encontrada no semi-árido brasileiro e apresenta-se como matéria-prima viável para o processo fermentativo por possuir baixo custo e para produzir vagens que contém um elevado teor de açúcares hidrolisáveis, os quais podem gerar diversos compostos, incluindo etanol. Avaliou-se o uso de vagens de algaroba como substrato para produção de etanol por Z. mobilis UFPEDA-205 por meio de fermentação submersa. O processo fermentativo foi avaliado por meio da mensuração da taxa de conversão de substrato em etanol, taxa de produção de etanol e eficiência de fermentação. Os valores muito próximos encontrados para o fornecimento máximo teórico (170 g L-1 e experimental (165 g L-1 de etanol foram alcançados após 36 h de fermentação. O valor de contagem experimental

Pantothenic acid biosynthesis in zymomonas

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Tao, Luan; Tomb, Jean-Francois; Viitanen, Paul V.

2014-07-01

Zymomonas is unable to synthesize pantothenic acid and requires this essential vitamin in growth medium. Zymomonas strains transformed with an operon for expression of 2-dehydropantoate reductase and aspartate 1-decarboxylase were able to grow in medium lacking pantothenic acid. These strains may be used for ethanol production without pantothenic acid supplementation in seed culture and fermentation media.

Effect of the presence of initial ethanol on ethanol production in sugar cane juice fermented by Zymomonas mobilis

OpenAIRE

Tano,Marcia Sadae; Buzato,João Batista

2003-01-01

Ethanol production in sugar cane juice in high initial sugar concentration, fermented by Z. mobilis in the presence and absence of ethanol, was evaluated. Ethanol production was low in both media. The presence of initial ethanol in the sugar cane juice reduced ethanol production by 48.8%, biomass production by 25.0% and the total sugar consumption by 28.3%. The presence of initial ethanol in the medium did not affect significantly levan production and biomass yield coefficient (g biomass/g su...

Continuous fermentation using low concentration of sugar cane and Zymomonas mobilis CP4 for ethanol production

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

João Batista Buzato

2001-01-01

Full Text Available Effect of dilution rate in continuous fermentation of 20g sucrose/L and Z. mobilis CP4 was studied for ethanol production at 28oC + 1, without pH control. Four dilution rates were compared: 0.045; 0.14; 0.23 and 0.34 h-1. In dilution rates 0.045; 0.14 and 0.23 h-1 were produced 9,4g/L of ethanol and in dilution rate 0.34 h-1 was produced 8,8 g/L. Ethanol conversion efficiency were of 91% in dilution rates 0.045; 0.14 and 0. 23 h-1. In dilution rate 0.34 h-1 the conversion efficiency was of 85%.

Respective effects of sodium and chloride ion on physiological ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Respective effects of sodium and chloride ion on growth, cell morphological changes, membrane disorganization, ion homeostasis, exoenzyme activities and fermentation performance in Zymomonas mobilis232B cultures were presented. In batch cultures containing 0.15 M NaCl, Z. mobilis232B developed filaments, and ...

Calcium chloride improve ethanol production in recombinant ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

The T7-expression system has been very useful for protein expression in Escherichia coli. Here, a T7- expression transposon was constructed, which allowed simple construction of T7-expression Zymomonas mobilis. This transposon contained the T7 RNA polymerase being driven by the gap promoter from Z. mobilis.

Didemnin Biosynthetic Gene Cluster In Tistrella Mobilis

KAUST Repository

Qian, Pei-Yuan; Xu, Ying Sharon; Lai, Pok-Yui

2014-01-01

A novel Tistrella mobilis strain having Accession Deposit Number NRRL B-50531 is provided. A method of producing a didemnin precursor, didemnin or didemnin derivative by using the Tistrella mobilis strain, and the therapeutic composition comprising

Didemnin Biosynthetic Gene Cluster In Tistrella Mobilis

KAUST Repository

Qian, Pei-Yuan

2014-10-02

A novel Tistrella mobilis strain having Accession Deposit Number NRRL B-50531 is provided. A method of producing a didemnin precursor, didemnin or didemnin derivative by using the Tistrella mobilis strain, and the therapeutic composition comprising at least one didemnin or didemnin derivative produced from the strain or modified strain thereof are also provided.

Xylose utilization in recombinant zymomonas

Science.gov (United States)

Caimi, Perry G; McCole, Laura; Tao, Luan; Tomb, Jean-Francois; Viitanen, Paul V

2014-03-25

Xylose-utilizing Zymomonas strains studied were found to accumulate ribulose when grown in xylose-containing media. Engineering these strains to increase ribose-5-phosphate isomerase activity led to reduced ribulose accumulation, improved growth, improved xylose utilization, and increased ethanol production.

Browse Title Index

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Items 4751 - 4800 of 11090 ... Vol 10, No 62 (2011), Evaluation of drought tolerance in different ... Vol 15, No 30 (2016), Evaluation of ethanol production from pito mash using Zymomonas mobilis and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Abstract PDF.

Comparative study of bioethanol production from sugarcane ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

The study was designed to compare the bioethanol production from Zymomonas mobilis and Saccharomyces cerevisiae using molasses as production medium. The focus was on the retention time at lab scale. Bioethanol and petroleum blend can be used in existing gasoline engines. Present study showed a more ...

Nancy Dowe | NREL

Science.gov (United States)

Bench scale integration and scale up of biological processes to produce fuels and chemicals from Zymomonas mobilis strain 8b through continuous adaptation on dilute acid pretreated corn stover hydrolysate development and integration. Please do NOT contact me directly for jobs-see instead information on NREL's

Alcohol production from pineapple waste

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ban-Koffi, L. (Ministry of Scientific Research, Abidjan (CI). Ivorian Center of Technological Research); Han, Y.W. (USDA, Southern Regional Research Center, New Orleans, LA (US))

1990-09-01

Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Zymomonas mobilis were grown on pineapple waste and their alcohol production characteristics compared. The pineapple waste consisted of 19% cellulose, 22% hemi-cellulose, 5% lignin and 53% cell soluble matters but concentration of soluble sugars, which included 5.2% sucrose, 3.1% glucose and 3.4% fructose, was relatively low and pretreatment of the substrate was needed. Pretreatment of pineapple waste with cellulase and hemi-cellulase and then fermentation with S. cerevisiae or Z. mobilis produced about 8% ethanol from pineapple waste in 48 h. (author).

High production of fructooligosaccharides by levansucrase from ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

SAM

2014-07-02

Jul 2, 2014 ... production activity of Zymomonas mobilis extracellular levansucrase. Process. Biochem. 38:701-706. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0032-. 9592(02)00189-9. Belghith KM, Dahech I, Belghith H, Mejoud H (2012). Microbial production of levansucrase for synthesis of fructo-oligosaccharide. Int. J. Biol. Macromol.

Reproductive performance of female goats fed life-enzyme ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Direct-fed-microbes (DFM) (life-enzyme) was prepared in a traditional setting using Zymomonas mobilis (bacteria from palm sap) to ferment sawdust. The result revealed an improvement in the nutrient content of the sawdust and its feed values (protein, fibre etc.), and the feed usage efficiency. The reproductive ...

Food Grade Ehanol Production With Fermentation And Distillation Process Using Stem Sorghum

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Yuliana Setyowati

2015-03-01

Full Text Available 10% -12% of sugar in its stem which is the optimum sugar concentration in fermentation process for bioethanol production. Sorghum has a high potential to be developed as a raw material for food-grade ethanol production which can be used to support food-grade ethanol demand in Indonesia through a fermentation process. This research focused on the effect of microorganism varieties in the fermentation process which are mutant Zymomonas mobilis (A3, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Pichia stipitis mixture. The Research for purification process are separated into two parts, distillation with steel wool structured packing and dehydration process using molecular sieve and eliminating impurities using activated carbon. The research can be concluded that the best productivity shown in continuous fermentation in the amount of 84.049 (g / L.hr using the mixture of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Pichia stipitis. The highest percentage of ethanol yield produced in batch fermentation using the mixture of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Pichia stipitis that is equal to 51.269%. And for the adsorption, the best result shown in continuous fermentation by using Zymomonas Mobilis of 88.374%..

Biological conversion system

Science.gov (United States)

Scott, C.D.

A system for bioconversion of organic material comprises a primary bioreactor column wherein a biological active agent (zymomonas mobilis) converts the organic material (sugar) to a product (alcohol), a rejuvenator column wherein the biological activity of said biological active agent is enhanced, and means for circulating said biological active agent between said primary bioreactor column and said rejuvenator column.

Le tecnologie mobili dell’apprendimento permanente, il progetto MOTILL

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Marco Arrigo

2013-03-01

Full Text Available In questo articolo vengono presentati alcuni dei risultati del progetto MOTILL. MOTILL, ovvero «Le Tecnologie Mobili nell’apprendimento permanente: buone pratiche», è un progetto finanziato dalla Comunità Europea, nell’ambito del National Lifelong Learning Strategies (NLLS. Il progetto, durato un anno e terminato a Marzo 2010, si è focalizzato sull’uso delle tecnologie mobili in contesti di lifelong learning (LLL. L’articolo sarà dedicato a una breve introduzione del progetto, dei suoi obiettivi e delle azioni portate avanti, e a un rapido riassunto dei principali risultati ottenuti, i quali sono stati resi disponibili online alla comunità scientifica e diffusi ai policy makers impegnati nei programmi di apprendimento permanente.

Global occurrence and heterogeneity of the Roseobacter-clade species Ruegeria mobilis

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Sonnenschein, Eva; Nielsen, Kristian Fog; D'Alvise, Paul

2017-01-01

in the free-living fraction occurring in 40% and 6% of the samples, respectively. Our data and the TARA data, although lacking sufficient data from the polar regions, demonstrate that R. mobilis is a globally distributed marine bacterial species found primarily in the upper open oceans. It has preserved key....... Major genomic differences within the sub-clusters include prophages and toxin-antitoxin systems. In general, the genome of R. mobilis revealed adaptation to a particle-associated life style and querying TARA ocean data confirmed that R. mobilis is more abundant in the particle-associated fraction than...

Ethanol production using xylitol synthesis mutant of xylose-utilizing zymomonas

Science.gov (United States)

Viitanen, Paul V.; McCutchen, Carol M.; Emptage, Mark; Caimi, Perry G.; Zhang, Min; Chou, Yat-Chen

2010-06-22

Production of ethanol using a strain of xylose-utilizing Zymomonas with a genetic modification of the glucose-fructose oxidoreductase gene was found to be improved due to greatly reduced production of xylitol, a detrimental by-product of xylose metabolism synthesized during fermentation.

ORF Alignment: NC_003384 [GENIUS II[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available [Zymomonas mobilis] gb|AAQ67239.1| ... Bla [Transposon delivery vector pUT-miniTn5-gfp-tet] ... ... ... 3.5.2.6) precursor - Escherichia coli plasmids ... gb|AAC79082.1| beta lactamase [Transposon delivery...AG47772.1| beta-lactamase ... TEM-1 [Klebsiella pneumoniae] gb|AAG37887.1| ampicillin ... resistance [Tn10 delivery... vector pHV1249] gb|AAG37882.1| ... ampicillin resistance [Tn10 delivery

Xylitol synthesis mutant of xylose-utilizing zymomonas for ethanol production

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Viitanen, Paul V.; Chou, Yat-Chen; McCutchen, Carol M.; Zhang, Min

2010-06-22

A strain of xylose-utilizing Zymomonas was engineered with a genetic modification to the glucose-fructose oxidoreductase gene resulting in reduced expression of GFOR enzyme activity. The engineered strain exhibits reduced production of xylitol, a detrimental by-product of xylose metabolism. It also consumes more xylose and produces more ethanol during mixed sugar fermentation under process-relevant conditions.

Ethanol production of banana shell and cassava starch

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Monsalve G, John F; Medina de Perez, Victoria Isabel; Ruiz colorado, Angela Adriana

2006-01-01

In this work the acid hydrolysis of the starch was evaluated in cassava and the cellulose shell banana and its later fermentation to ethanol, the means of fermentation were adjusted for the microorganisms saccharomyces cerevisiae nrrl y-2034 and zymomonas mobilis cp4. The banana shell has been characterized, which possesses a content of starch, cellulose and hemicelluloses that represent more than 80% of the shell deserve the study of this as source of carbon. The acid hydrolysis of the banana shell yield 20g/l reducing sugar was obtained as maximum concentration. For the cassava with 170 g/l of starch to ph 0.8 in 5 hours complete conversion is achieved to you reducing sugars and any inhibitory effect is not noticed on the part of the cultivations carried out with banana shell and cassava by the cyanide presence in the cassava and for the formation of toxic compounds in the acid hydrolysis the cellulose in banana shell. For the fermentation carried out with saccharomyces cerevisiae a concentration of ethanol of 7.92± 0.31% it is achieved and a considerable production of ethanol is not appreciated (smaller than 0.1 g/l) for none of the means fermented with zymomonas mobilis

Pnp gene modification for improved xylose utilization in Zymomonas

Science.gov (United States)

Caimi, Perry G G; Qi, Min; Tao, Luan; Viitanen, Paul V; Yang, Jianjun

2014-12-16

The endogenous pnp gene encoding polynucleotide phosphorylase in the Zymomonas genome was identified as a target for modification to provide improved xylose utilizing cells for ethanol production. The cells are in addition genetically modified to have increased expression of ribose-5-phosphate isomerase (RPI) activity, as compared to cells without this genetic modification, and are not limited in xylose isomerase activity in the absence of the pnp modification.

Use of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Zymomonas mobilis for ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Biofuels have received great attention as an alternative energy source mainly due to limited oil reserves. Bioethanol can be produced from wide range of raw materials like starch, sucrose and cellulosic based sources. Sugar beet and raw juice, as its intermediate product, constitute very profitable substrates for bioethanol ...

Rewiring Lactococcus lactis for Ethanol Production

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Solem, Christian; Dehli, Tore Ibsen; Jensen, Peter Ruhdal

2013-01-01

to redirect the metabolism of LAB model organism Lactococcus lactis toward ethanol production. Codon-optimized Zymomonas mobilis pyruvate decarboxylase (PDC) was introduced and expressed from synthetic promoters in different strain backgrounds. In the wild-type L. lactis strain MG1363 growing on glucose, only...... small amounts of ethanol were obtained after introducing PDC, probably due to a low native alcohol dehydrogenase activity. When the same strains were grown on maltose, ethanol was the major product and lesser amounts of lactate, formate, and acetate were formed. Inactivating the lactate dehydrogenase...... genes ldhX, ldhB, and ldh and introducing codon-optimized Z. mobilis alcohol dehydrogenase (ADHB) in addition to PDC resulted in high-yield ethanol formation when strains were grown on glucose, with only minor amounts of by-products formed. Finally, a strain with ethanol as the sole observed...

Manual de boas práticas ambientais para a indústria do mobiliário de madeira

OpenAIRE

Ribeiro, Ricardo Cristiano Peixoto

2015-01-01

Este trabalho tem como finalidade a elaboração de um projeto na área ambiental denominado Manual de Boas Práticas Ambientais para a Indústria do Mobiliário de Madeira. Para conseguir atingir o objetivo proposto, inicialmente foi efetuado um breve enquadramento ao subsetor do mobiliário de madeira a nível nacional, recorrendo à bibliografia disponível apoiada em dados estatísticos de suporte. Foram caracterizados os dois concelhos alvo de estudo, Paços de Ferreira e Paredes por ...

Fermentation potentials of Zymomonas mobilis and its application in ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

GREGORY

2010-09-13

Sep 13, 2010 ... rate and lower biomass (Rogers et al., 2007; Jeffries,. 2005; Rogers et al., ... above experiments were performed twice with three repeats. Sweet potato material and ..... design trends and integration opportunities. Bioresour. ... Eckert CA, Frederick Jr. WJ, Hallett JP, Leak DJ, Liotta CL, Mielenz. JR, Murphy R ...

Exometabolomics Assisted Design and Validation of Synthetic Obligate Mutualism.

Science.gov (United States)

Kosina, Suzanne M; Danielewicz, Megan A; Mohammed, Mujahid; Ray, Jayashree; Suh, Yumi; Yilmaz, Suzan; Singh, Anup K; Arkin, Adam P; Deutschbauer, Adam M; Northen, Trent R

2016-07-15

Synthetic microbial ecology has the potential to enhance the productivity and resiliency of biotechnology processes compared to approaches using single isolates. Engineering microbial consortia is challenging; however, one approach that has attracted significant attention is the creation of synthetic obligate mutualism using auxotrophic mutants that depend on each other for exchange or cross-feeding of metabolites. Here, we describe the integration of mutant library fitness profiling with mass spectrometry based exometabolomics as a method for constructing synthetic mutualism based on cross-feeding. Two industrially important species lacking known ecological interactions, Zymomonas mobilis and Escherichia coli, were selected as the test species. Amino acid exometabolites identified in the spent medium of Z. mobilis were used to select three corresponding E. coli auxotrophs (proA, pheA and IlvA), as potential E. coli counterparts for the coculture. A pooled mutant fitness assay with a Z. mobilis transposon mutant library was used to identify mutants with improved growth in the presence of E. coli. An auxotroph mutant in a gene (ZMO0748) with sequence similarity to cysteine synthase A (cysK), was selected as the Z. mobilis counterpart for the coculture. Exometabolomic analysis of spent E. coli medium identified glutathione related metabolites as potentially available for rescue of the Z. mobilis cysteine synthase mutant. Three sets of cocultures between the Z. mobilis auxotroph and each of the three E. coli auxotrophs were monitored by optical density for growth and analyzed by flow cytometry to confirm high cell counts for each species. Taken together, our methods provide a technological framework for creating synthetic mutualisms combining existing screening based methods and exometabolomics for both the selection of obligate mutualism partners and elucidation of metabolites involved in auxotroph rescue.

Heterologous Expression of Plant Cell Wall Degrading Enzymes for Effective Production of Cellulosic Biofuels

Science.gov (United States)

Jung, Sang-Kyu; Parisutham, Vinuselvi; Jeong, Seong Hun; Lee, Sung Kuk

2012-01-01

A major technical challenge in the cost-effective production of cellulosic biofuel is the need to lower the cost of plant cell wall degrading enzymes (PCDE), which is required for the production of sugars from biomass. Several competitive, low-cost technologies have been developed to produce PCDE in different host organisms such as Escherichia coli, Zymomonas mobilis, and plant. Selection of an ideal host organism is very important, because each host organism has its own unique features. Synthetic biology-aided tools enable heterologous expression of PCDE in recombinant E. coli or Z. mobilis and allow successful consolidated bioprocessing (CBP) in these microorganisms. In-planta expression provides an opportunity to simplify the process of enzyme production and plant biomass processing and leads to self-deconstruction of plant cell walls. Although the future of currently available technologies is difficult to predict, a complete and viable platform will most likely be available through the integration of the existing approaches with the development of breakthrough technologies. PMID:22911272

Bioethanol Production From Banana Stem By Using Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation (SSF)

Science.gov (United States)

Kusmiyati; Mustofa, A.; Jumarmi

2018-05-01

The rapid growth and development of industries in the world result in a greater energy needs. Some studies show that ethanol can be used as an alternative energy. However, bioethanol production from food raw materials such as sugar and starch has drawback that cause the food crisis. This aim of this study was to convert banana stem into bioethanol. Banana stem contained of 44.6% cellulose, 36.0% hemicellulose and 19.4% lignin. After banana stems were pretreated with acid (H2SO4) and alkaline (NaOH) at a concentration of 2% w/v at 121 °C for 30 minutes, then subsequently the simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) were carried out by using mixed cultures of Aspergillus niger, Trichoderma reesei and Zymomonas mobilis at various enzymes ratios of (1:1:1), (1:2:1), (1:2:2), (1:1:2) and various pH (4, 5 and 6) with SSF time for 144 hours and temperature of 30°C. The results show that acid pretreatment showed better results than the alkali pretreatment. After acid pretreatment and alkali pretreatment, lignin content of pretreted banana stem reduced to 15.92% and 16.34%, respectively, cellulose increased to 52.11% and 50.6% respectively, hemicellulose reduced to 28.45% and 28.83%, respectively The SSF showed that pH 5 gave the highest bioethanol. The highest concentration of bioethanol (8.51 g/L) was achieved at the SSF process at pH 5 with a ratio Aspergillus niger, Trichoderma reesei and Zymomonas mobilis enzymes of (1:1:2).

Bioethanol production from leafy biomass of mango (Mangifera indica) involving naturally isolated and recombinant enzymes.

Science.gov (United States)

Das, Saprativ P; Ravindran, Rajeev; Deka, Deepmoni; Jawed, Mohammad; Das, Debasish; Goyal, Arun

2013-01-01

The present study describes the usage of dried leafy biomass of mango (Mangifera indica) containing 26.3% (w/w) cellulose, 54.4% (w/w) hemicellulose, and 16.9% (w/w) lignin, as a substrate for bioethanol production from Zymomonas mobilis and Candida shehatae. The substrate was subjected to two different pretreatment strategies, namely, wet oxidation and an organosolv process. An ethanol concentration (1.21 g/L) was obtained with Z. mobilis in a shake-flask simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) trial using 1% (w/v) wet oxidation pretreated mango leaves along with mixed enzymatic consortium of Bacillus subtilis cellulase and recombinant hemicellulase (GH43), whereas C. shehatae gave a slightly higher (8%) ethanol titer of 1.31 g/L. Employing 1% (w/v) organosolv pretreated mango leaves and using Z. mobilis and C. shehatae separately in the SSF, the ethanol titers of 1.33 g/L and 1.52 g/L, respectively, were obtained. The SSF experiments performed with 5% (w/v) organosolv-pretreated substrate along with C. shehatae as fermentative organism gave a significantly enhanced ethanol titer value of 8.11 g/L using the shake flask and 12.33 g/L at the bioreactor level. From the bioreactor, 94.4% (v/v) ethanol was recovered by rotary evaporator with 21% purification efficiency.

Economic and process optimization of ethanol production by extractive fermentation

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

1992-01-01

This report demonstrates by computer simulation the economic advantages of extractive fermentation on an industrial scale compared to the best alternative technology currently available. The simulations were based on a plant capacity of 100 x 10 6 L/y of azeotropic ethanol. The simulation results were verified with a fully integrated, computer controlled extractive fermentation process demonstration unit based around a 7 L fermentor operated with a synthetic glucose medium and using Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The system was also operated with natural substrates (blackstrap molasses and grain hydrolyzate). Preliminary tests with the organism Zymomonas mobilis were also carried out under extractive fermentation conditions.

Biofilm formation and antibiotic production in Ruegeria mobilis are influenced by intracellular concentrations of cyclic dimeric guanosinmonophosphate

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

D'Alvise, Paul; Magdenoska, Olivera; Melchiorsen, Jette

2014-01-01

species Ruegeria mobilis are associated with intracellular concentrations of the signal compound cyclic dimeric guanosinmonophosphate (c-di-GMP), which in bacteria regulates transitions between motile and sessile life stages. Genes for diguanylate cyclases and phosphodiesterases, which are involved in c-di-GMP...... signalling, were found in the genome of R. mobilis strain F1926. Ion pair chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry revealed 20-fold higher c-di-GMP concentrations per cell in biofilm-containing cultures than in planktonic cells. An introduced diguanylate cyclase gene increased c-di-GMP and enhanced biofilm...... formation and production of the potent antibiotic tropodithietic acid (TDA). An introduced phosphodiesterase gene decreased c-di-GMP and reduced biofilm formation and TDA production. tdaC, a key gene for TDA biosynthesis, was expressed only in attached or biofilm-forming cells, and expression was induced...

An internal deletion in MTH1 enables growth on glucose of pyruvate-decarboxylase negative, non-fermentative Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Oud Bart

2012-09-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background Pyruvate-decarboxylase negative (Pdc- strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae combine the robustness and high glycolytic capacity of this yeast with the absence of alcoholic fermentation. This makes Pdc-S. cerevisiae an interesting platform for efficient conversion of glucose towards pyruvate-derived products without formation of ethanol as a by-product. However, Pdc- strains cannot grow on high glucose concentrations and require C2-compounds (ethanol or acetate for growth under conditions with low glucose concentrations, which hitherto has limited application in industry. Results Genetic analysis of a Pdc- strain previously evolved to overcome these deficiencies revealed a 225bp in-frame internal deletion in MTH1, encoding a transcriptional regulator involved in glucose sensing. This internal deletion contains a phosphorylation site required for degradation, thereby hypothetically resulting in increased stability of the protein. Reverse engineering of this alternative MTH1 allele into a non-evolved Pdc- strain enabled growth on 20 g l-1 glucose and 0.3% (v/v ethanol at a maximum specific growth rate (0.24 h-1 similar to that of the evolved Pdc- strain (0.23 h-1. Furthermore, the reverse engineered Pdc- strain grew on glucose as sole carbon source, albeit at a lower specific growth rate (0.10 h-1 than the evolved strain (0.20 h-1. The observation that overexpression of the wild-type MTH1 allele also restored growth of Pdc-S. cerevisiae on glucose is consistent with the hypothesis that the internal deletion results in decreased degradation of Mth1. Reduced degradation of Mth1 has been shown to result in deregulation of hexose transport. In Pdc- strains, reduced glucose uptake may prevent intracellular accumulation of pyruvate and/or redox problems, while release of glucose repression due to the MTH1 internal deletion may contribute to alleviation of the C2-compound auxotrophy. Conclusions In this study we have discovered and

An internal deletion in MTH1 enables growth on glucose of pyruvate-decarboxylase negative, non-fermentative Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Science.gov (United States)

Oud, Bart; Flores, Carmen-Lisset; Gancedo, Carlos; Zhang, Xiuying; Trueheart, Joshua; Daran, Jean-Marc; Pronk, Jack T; van Maris, Antonius J A

2012-09-15

Pyruvate-decarboxylase negative (Pdc⁻) strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae combine the robustness and high glycolytic capacity of this yeast with the absence of alcoholic fermentation. This makes Pdc⁻S. cerevisiae an interesting platform for efficient conversion of glucose towards pyruvate-derived products without formation of ethanol as a by-product. However, Pdc⁻ strains cannot grow on high glucose concentrations and require C₂-compounds (ethanol or acetate) for growth under conditions with low glucose concentrations, which hitherto has limited application in industry. Genetic analysis of a Pdc⁻ strain previously evolved to overcome these deficiencies revealed a 225 p in-frame internal deletion in MTH1, encoding a transcriptional regulator involved in glucose sensing. This internal deletion contains a phosphorylation site required for degradation, thereby hypothetically resulting in increased stability of the protein. Reverse engineering of this alternative MTH1 allele into a non-evolved Pdc⁻ strain enabled growth on 20 g l⁻¹ glucose and 0.3% (v/v) ethanol at a maximum specific growth rate (0.24 h⁻¹) similar to that of the evolved Pdc⁻ strain (0.23 h⁻¹). Furthermore, the reverse engineered Pdc⁻ strain grew on glucose as sole carbon source, albeit at a lower specific growth rate (0.10 h⁻¹) than the evolved strain (0.20 h⁻¹). The observation that overexpression of the wild-type MTH1 allele also restored growth of Pdc⁻S. cerevisiae on glucose is consistent with the hypothesis that the internal deletion results in decreased degradation of Mth1. Reduced degradation of Mth1 has been shown to result in deregulation of hexose transport. In Pdc⁻ strains, reduced glucose uptake may prevent intracellular accumulation of pyruvate and/or redox problems, while release of glucose repression due to the MTH1 internal deletion may contribute to alleviation of the C₂-compound auxotrophy. In this study we have discovered and characterised a

Cells on corrugations for pollution control

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Clyde, R.

1993-01-01

Old cardboard boxes constitute 12% of landfills. White rot fungus can be grown on the boxes and buried in contaminated soil. The fungus needs air which is entrapped in the corrugations. The fungus is sensitive to large amounts of TNT but it is protected when inside the corrugations. Fast food containers are filling landfills. Lactic acid production needs air and the polymers are biodegradable. When corrugations are put in a half full rotary unit, holes in the valleys make drops, and mass transfer to drops is much higher than to a flat surface. A lab corrugator has been made from an old washing machine wringer, so other fibers can be corrugated. When the bacterium, Zymomonas mobilis is grown on Tyvek fiber, lead and six valent chromium are removed from wastewater in a few seconds. Zymomonas on rotating fibers converts sugar to alcohol in 10--15 minutes and when a light is shown into flat rotating discs, it hits a thin moving film to destroy dioxin. Salt on roads causes millions of dollars damage to bridges and cars but calcium magnesium acetate is not corrosive and can be made with cells on rotating fibers

Fermentative performance of bacteria and yeasts in lignocellulose hydrolysates

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Olsson, Lisbeth; Hahn-Haegerdal, B. (Lund Univ. (Sweden). Dept. of Applied Microbiology)

1993-01-01

The sugar consumption rates and the product formation of yeasts (Saccharomyces cidri NCYC 775, S. cerevisiae NCYC 1047, S.cerevisiae ATCC 4132) and bacteria (Lactobacillus brevis DSM 20054, Lactococcus lactis ssp. lactis ATCC 19435, Escherichia coli ATCC 11303, Zymomonas mobilis ATCC 31821) were investigated in spent sulphite liquor and an enzymatic hydrolysate of steam-pretreated Salix caprea at different pH values in order to elucidate the suitability of the organisms with respect to future genetic engineering approaches. The possible inhibitory action of the two substrates on the investigated microorganisms was also considered. S.cerevisiae emerged as one of the better candidates, owing to its fast sugar consumption rate and efficient ethanol production. (author)

Associação entre sensação de dor e desconforto pelos segmentos corporais, postura sentada do aluno em sala de aula e o mobiliário escolar (cadeira/mesa

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Valdemir Galvão de Carvalho

2008-09-01

Full Text Available Na sala de aula é comum os alunos adotarem posturas inadequadas por tempo prolongado que conduzem ao desconforto muscular. O objetivo proposto é investigar associações entre dores no corpo e o mobiliário da sala de aula. Foi desenvolvida pesquisa aplicada, descritiva e quanti-qualitativa, amostra probabilística aleatória simples e questionário com 290 alunos, de 05 cursos de uma IES; as técnicas estatísticas foram análise descritiva, clusters e qui-quadrado com p ≤ 0,05. 64,2% dos alunos consideraram o mobiliário desconfortável; para 62%, a localização dos recursos didáticos não permite boa acomodação postural; para 84,5%, a altura e o assento das carteiras são desconfortáveis. Os resultados sugerem associação entre dores na região lombar, ombro, quadril, nuca, costas, pernas e joelhos em relação à ausência de regulagens antropométricas no mobiliário e a localização dos equipamentos didáticos.

Mathematical modeling of ethanol production in solid-state fermentation based on solid medium' dry weight variation.

Science.gov (United States)

Mazaheri, Davood; Shojaosadati, Seyed Abbas; Zamir, Seyed Morteza; Mousavi, Seyyed Mohammad

2018-04-21

In this work, mathematical modeling of ethanol production in solid-state fermentation (SSF) has been done based on the variation in the dry weight of solid medium. This method was previously used for mathematical modeling of enzyme production; however, the model should be modified to predict the production of a volatile compound like ethanol. The experimental results of bioethanol production from the mixture of carob pods and wheat bran by Zymomonas mobilis in SSF were used for the model validation. Exponential and logistic kinetic models were used for modeling the growth of microorganism. In both cases, the model predictions matched well with the experimental results during the exponential growth phase, indicating the good ability of solid medium weight variation method for modeling a volatile product formation in solid-state fermentation. In addition, using logistic model, better predictions were obtained.

Microbial stress tolerance for biofuels. Systems biology

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Liu, Zonglin Lewis (ed.) [National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, USDA-ARS, Peoria, IL (United States)

2012-07-01

The development of sustainable and renewable biofuels is attracting growing interest. It is vital to develop robust microbial strains for biocatalysts that are able to function under multiple stress conditions. This Microbiology Monograph provides an overview of methods for studying microbial stress tolerance for biofuels applications using a systems biology approach. Topics covered range from mechanisms to methodology for yeast and bacteria, including the genomics of yeast tolerance and detoxification; genetics and regulation of glycogen and trehalose metabolism; programmed cell death; high gravity fermentations; ethanol tolerance; improving biomass sugar utilization by engineered Saccharomyces; the genomics on tolerance of Zymomonas mobilis; microbial solvent tolerance; control of stress tolerance in bacterial host organisms; metabolomics for ethanologenic yeast; automated proteomics work cell systems for strain improvement; and unification of gene expression data for comparable analyses under stress conditions. (orig.)

Technique of ethanol food grade production with batch distillation and dehydration using starch-based adsorbent

Science.gov (United States)

Widjaja, Tri; Altway, Ali; Ni'mah, Hikmatun; Tedji, Namira; Rofiqah, Umi

2015-12-01

Development and innovation of ethanol food grade production are becoming the reasearch priority to increase economy growth. Moreover, the government of Indonesia has established regulation for increasing the renewable energy as primary energy. Sorghum is cerealia plant that contains 11-16% sugar that is optimum for fermentation process, it is potential to be cultivated, especially at barren area in Indonesia. The purpose of this experiment is to learn about the effect of microorganisms in fermentation process. Fermentation process was carried out batchwise in bioreactor and used 150g/L initial sugar concentration. Microorganisms used in this experiment are Zymomonas mobilis mutation (A3), Saccharomyces cerevisiae and mixed of Pichia stipitis. The yield of ethanol can be obtained from this experiment. For ethanol purification result, distillation process from fermentation process has been done to search the best operation condition for efficiency energy consumption. The experiment for purification was divided into two parts, which are distillation with structured packing steel wool and adsorption (dehydration) sequencely. In distillation part, parameters evaluation (HETP and pressure drop) of distillation column that can be used for scale up are needed. The experiment was operated at pressure of 1 atm. The distillation stage was carried out at 85 °C and reflux ratio of 0.92 with variety porosities of 20%, 40%, and 60%. Then the adsorption process was done at 120°C and two types of adsorbent, which are starch - based adsorbent with ingredient of cassava and molecular sieve 3A, were used. The adsorption process was then continued to purify the ethanol from impurities by using activated carbon. This research shows that the batch fermentation process with Zymomonas mobilis A3 obtain higher % yield of ethanol of 40,92%. In addition to that, for purification process, the best operation condition is by using 40% of porosity of stuctured packing steel wool in distillation

Continuous Ethanol Production Using Immobilized-Cell/Enzyme Biocatalysts in Fluidized-Bed Bioreactor (FBR)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Nghiem, NP

2003-11-16

The immobilized-cell fluidized-bed bioreactor (FBR) was developed at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL). Previous studies at ORNL using immobilized Zymomonas mobilis in FBR at both laboratory and demonstration scale (4-in-ID by 20-ft-tall) have shown that the system was more than 50 times as productive as industrial benchmarks (batch and fed-batch free cell fermentations for ethanol production from glucose). Economic analysis showed that a continuous process employing the FBR technology to produce ethanol from corn-derived glucose would offer savings of three to six cents per gallon of ethanol compared to a typical batch process. The application of the FBR technology for ethanol production was extended to investigate more complex feedstocks, which included starch and lignocellulosic-derived mixed sugars. Economic analysis and mathematical modeling of the reactor were included in the investigation. This report summarizes the results of these extensive studies.

Accounting for all sugars produced during integrated production of ethanol from lignocellulosic biomass.

Science.gov (United States)

Schell, Daniel J; Dowe, Nancy; Chapeaux, Alexandre; Nelson, Robert S; Jennings, Edward W

2016-04-01

Accurate mass balance and conversion data from integrated operation is needed to fully elucidate the economics of biofuel production processes. This study explored integrated conversion of corn stover to ethanol and highlights techniques for accurate yield calculations. Acid pretreated corn stover (PCS) produced in a pilot-scale reactor was enzymatically hydrolyzed and the resulting sugars were fermented to ethanol by the glucose-xylose fermenting bacteria, Zymomonas mobilis 8b. The calculations presented here account for high solids operation and oligomeric sugars produced during pretreatment, enzymatic hydrolysis, and fermentation, which, if not accounted for, leads to overestimating ethanol yields. The calculations are illustrated for enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation of PCS at 17.5% and 20.0% total solids achieving 80.1% and 77.9% conversion of cellulose and xylan to ethanol and ethanol titers of 63g/L and 69g/L, respectively. These procedures will be employed in the future and the resulting information used for techno-economic analysis. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Conceptual design of cost-effective and environmentally-friendly configurations for fuel ethanol production from sugarcane by knowledge-based process synthesis.

Science.gov (United States)

Sánchez, Óscar J; Cardona, Carlos A

2012-01-01

In this work, the hierarchical decomposition methodology was used to conceptually design the production of fuel ethanol from sugarcane. The decomposition of the process into six levels of analysis was carried out. Several options of technological configurations were assessed in each level considering economic and environmental criteria. The most promising alternatives were chosen rejecting the ones with a least favorable performance. Aspen Plus was employed for simulation of each one of the technological configurations studied. Aspen Icarus was used for economic evaluation of each configuration, and WAR algorithm was utilized for calculation of the environmental criterion. The results obtained showed that the most suitable synthesized flowsheet involves the continuous cultivation of Zymomonas mobilis with cane juice as substrate and including cell recycling and the ethanol dehydration by molecular sieves. The proposed strategy demonstrated to be a powerful tool for conceptual design of biotechnological processes considering both techno-economic and environmental indicators. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

A highly active endo-levanase BT1760 of a dominant mammalian gut commensal Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron cleaves not only various bacterial levans, but also levan of timothy grass

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Mardo, Karin; Visnapuu, Triinu; Vija, Heiki

2017-01-01

of Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato, its mutant Asp300Asn, levansucrases of Zymomonas mobilis, Erwinia herbicola, Halomonas smyrnensis as well as on levan isolated from timothy grass. For the first time a plant levan is shown as a perfect substrate for an endo-fructanase of a human gut bacterium. BT1760 degraded...... levans to FOS with degree of polymerization from 2 to 13. At optimal reaction conditions up to 1 g of FOS were produced per 1 mg of BT1760 protein. Low molecular weight (grass levan and levan synthesized from sucrose by the Lsc3Asp300Asn, were degraded most rapidly...... whilst levan produced by Lsc3 from raffinose least rapidly. BT1760 catalyzed finely at human body temperature (37°C) and in moderately acidic environment (pH 5-6) that is typical for the gut lumen. According to differential scanning fluorimetry, the Tm of the endo-levanase was 51.5°C. All tested levans...

De novo biosynthesis of biodiesel by Escherichia coli in optimized fed-batch cultivation.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Yangkai Duan

Full Text Available Biodiesel is a renewable alternative to petroleum diesel fuel that can contribute to carbon dioxide emission reduction and energy supply. Biodiesel is composed of fatty acid alkyl esters, including fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs and fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEEs, and is currently produced through the transesterification reaction of methanol (or ethanol and triacylglycerols (TAGs. TAGs are mainly obtained from oilseed plants and microalgae. A sustainable supply of TAGs is a major bottleneck for current biodiesel production. Here we report the de novo biosynthesis of FAEEs from glucose, which can be derived from lignocellulosic biomass, in genetically engineered Escherichia coli by introduction of the ethanol-producing pathway from Zymomonas mobilis, genetic manipulation to increase the pool of fatty acyl-CoA, and heterologous expression of acyl-coenzyme A: diacylglycerol acyltransferase from Acinetobacter baylyi. An optimized fed-batch microbial fermentation of the modified E. coli strain yielded a titer of 922 mg L(-1 FAEEs that consisted primarily of ethyl palmitate, -oleate, -myristate and -palmitoleate.

Ethanol fermentation of HTST extruded rye grain by bacteria and yeasts

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Czarnecki, Z [Univ. of Agriculture, Poznan (Poland). Inst. of Food Technology; Nowak, J [Univ. of Agriculture, Poznan (Poland). Inst. of Food Technology

1997-09-01

High temperature extrusion cooking of rye was used as a pretreatment for ethanol fermentation, and yeasts and bacteria were compared for their fermentation rates. Extrusion cooking caused, on average, a 7.5% increase in ethanol yield in comparison to autoclaved samples. The best results were achieved for grain with a moisture of 21-23% which was extruded at temperatures of 160-180 C. Extrusion decreased the relative viscosity of rye grain water extracts, so it was possible to mash it without {alpha}-amylase. The efficiency of fermentation of extruded rye without Termamyl was equal to that of autoclaved and traditionally mashed rye (using {alpha}-amylase). The rate of fermentation of extruded rye grain by Zymomonas was higher during the first stage, but the final ethanol yield was similar for the bacterium and the yeast. Through both microorganisms gave good quality distillates, the concentration of compounds other than ethanol achieved from extruded rye mashes, which were fermented by Z. mobilis, was five times lower than for yeasts. (orig.)

[Optimization of fuel ethanol production from kitchen waste by Plackett-Burman design].

Science.gov (United States)

Ma, Hong-Zhi; Gong, Li-Juan; Wang, Qun-Hui; Zhang, Wen-Yu; Xu, Wen-Long

2008-05-01

Kitchen garbage was chosen to produce ethanol through simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) by Zymomonas mobilis. Plackett-Burman design was employed to screen affecting parameters during SSF process. The parameters were divided into two parts, enzymes and nutritions. None of the nutritions added showed significant effect during the experiment, which demonstrated that the kitchen garbage could meet the requirement of the microorganism without extra supplementation. Protease and glucoamylase were determined to be affecting factors for ethanol production. Single factor experiment showed that the optimum usage of these two enzymes were both 100 U/g and the corresponding maximum ethanol was determined to be 53 g/L. The ethanol yield could be as high as 44%. The utilization of kitchen garbage to produce ethanol could reduce threaten of waste as well as improve the protein content of the spent. This method could save the ethanol production cost and benefit for the recycle of kitchen garbage.

CONTROL BASED ON NUMERICAL METHODS AND RECURSIVE BAYESIAN ESTIMATION IN A CONTINUOUS ALCOHOLIC FERMENTATION PROCESS

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Olga L. Quintero

Full Text Available Biotechnological processes represent a challenge in the control field, due to their high nonlinearity. In particular, continuous alcoholic fermentation from Zymomonas mobilis (Z.m presents a significant challenge. This bioprocess has high ethanol performance, but it exhibits an oscillatory behavior in process variables due to the influence of inhibition dynamics (rate of ethanol concentration over biomass, substrate, and product concentrations. In this work a new solution for control of biotechnological variables in the fermentation process is proposed, based on numerical methods and linear algebra. In addition, an improvement to a previously reported state estimator, based on particle filtering techniques, is used in the control loop. The feasibility estimator and its performance are demonstrated in the proposed control loop. This methodology makes it possible to develop a controller design through the use of dynamic analysis with a tested biomass estimator in Z.m and without the use of complex calculations.

Simultaneous saccharification of inulin and starch using commercial glucoamylase and the subsequent bioconversion to high titer sorbitol and gluconic acid.

Science.gov (United States)

An, Kehong; Hu, Fengxian; Bao, Jie

2013-12-01

A new bioprocess for production of sorbitol and gluconic acid from two low-cost feedstocks, inulin and cassava starch, using a commercially available enzyme was proposed in this study. The commercial glucoamylase GA-L NEW from Genencor was found to demonstrate a high inulinase activity for hydrolysis of inulin into fructose and glucose. The glucoamylase was used to replace the expensive and not commercially available inulinase enzyme for simultaneous saccharification of inulin and starch into high titer glucose and fructose hydrolysate. The glucose and fructose in the hydrolysate were converted into sorbitol and gluconic acid using immobilized whole cells of the recombinant Zymomonas mobilis strain. The high gluconic acid concentration of 193 g/L and sorbitol concentration of 180 g/L with the overall yield of 97.3 % were obtained in the batch operations. The present study provided a practical production method of sorbitol and gluconic acid from low cost feedstocks and enzymes.

Produção de levana e bioetanol utilizando cascas de banana por Zymomona mobilis

OpenAIRE

Ferreira, Juliana [UNESP

2013-01-01

Muitos países estão considerando razoável, e necessário, a curto e médio prazo, um constante investimento no estudo de formas, economicamente viáveis, de obtenção de fontes renováveis de energia, com grande destaque para a produção de etanol. O aproveitamento da matéria vegetal desperta grande interesse dos pesquisadores, cientistas e industriais, devido ao fato da mesma ser encontrada em grandes quantidades em vários tipos de resíduos. Por exemplo, só no Brasil, anualmente, tem-se uma geraçã...

Etudes sur le mobilier Boulle, l'ébéniste de Louis XIV : quelques problèmes d'interfaces

OpenAIRE

Darque-Ceretti , Evelyne; Felder , Eric; Morini , Romain; Aucouturier , Marc; Paulin , Marc-André; Mathieu-Daudé , Agnès

2010-01-01

National audience; Dans le cadre d'un programme mis en place par le musée du Louvre, département des objets d'art, et le C2RMF, autour de l'étude et de la restauration des mobiliers attribués à l'atelier d'André-Charles Boulle ou à ses successeurs, il a été dégagé plusieurs problèmes concernant les marqueteries métalliques et les ornements en bronze doré. Cette communication traite en premier lieu de la compréhension de la mauvaise tenue au vieillissement des collages des pièces de marqueteri...

Increase in furfural tolerance in ethanologenic Escherichia coli LY180 by plasmid-based expression of thyA.

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Zheng, Huabao; Wang, Xuan; Yomano, Lorraine P; Shanmugam, Keelnatham T; Ingram, Lonnie O

2012-06-01

Furfural is an inhibitory side product formed during the depolymerization of hemicellulose by mineral acids. Genomic libraries from three different bacteria (Bacillus subtilis YB886, Escherichia coli NC3, and Zymomonas mobilis CP4) were screened for genes that conferred furfural resistance on plates. Beneficial plasmids containing the thyA gene (coding for thymidylate synthase) were recovered from all three organisms. Expression of this key gene in the de novo pathway for dTMP biosynthesis improved furfural resistance on plates and during fermentation. A similar benefit was observed by supplementation with thymine, thymidine, or the combination of tetrahydrofolate and serine (precursors for 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate, the methyl donor for ThyA). Supplementation with deoxyuridine provided a small benefit, and deoxyribose was of no benefit for furfural tolerance. A combination of thymidine and plasmid expression of thyA was no more effective than either alone. Together, these results demonstrate that furfural tolerance is increased by approaches that increase the supply of pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotides. However, ThyA activity was not directly affected by the addition of furfural. Furfural has been previously shown to damage DNA in E. coli and to activate a cellular response to oxidative damage in yeast. The added burden of repairing furfural-damaged DNA in E. coli would be expected to increase the cellular requirement for dTMP. Increased expression of thyA (E. coli, B. subtilis, or Z. mobilis), supplementation of cultures with thymidine, and supplementation with precursors for 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate (methyl donor) are each proposed to increase furfural tolerance by increasing the availability of dTMP for DNA repair.

Problemas posturais X mobiliário: uma investigação ergonômica junto aos usuários de microcomputadores de uma escola de enfermagem Posture problems X furniture: an ergonomic investigation with the personal computer users from a nursing school

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Maria Helena Versiani Maciel

1997-12-01

Full Text Available A utilização de microcomputadores tem se tornado imprescindível atualmente e o pessoal de enfermagem, de encontro a esse avanço tecnológico vem incorporando o em sua prática, a qual é iniciada no curso de graduação. Como usuários da seção de informática de uma escola de enfermagem passamos a observar queixas de alunos em relação a adequação dos mobiliários utilizados. Interessou-nos então, desenvolver este estudo que teve por objetivo analisar os mobiliários da, sala de informática com vistas às recomendações ergonômicas e identificar as posturas corporais adotadas pelos alunos na realização da atividade de digitação. Os procedimentos utilizados foram executados em 3 fases, observação livre do ambiente físico e mensuração dos mobiliários, observação das posturas corporais e entrevistas. Os resultados apontaram que o mobiliário utilizado é inadequado no que se refere a: bancada fixa, sem apoio para os pés, sem porta documentos; as cadeiras não são reguláveis, tem largura, do encosto fora dos padrões recomendados, não possuem braços e rodas, só tem quatro pés e tem, revestimento escorregadio e duro. Apenas em 18,6% do período observado foi adotada a postura considerada ideal para atividade de digitação, ou seja, coluna vertebral ereta,, cotovelos na altura do nível da bancada, pernas fletidas e pés apoiados. Sugere-se o planejamento de postos de trabalho para digitação a partir de dados relativos as medidas antropométricas dos usuários e da utilização de mobiliários adequados, a fim de que se possa oh ter um conjunto harmonioso entre mobiliário, ambiente e usuário proporcionando conforto e evitando problemas de saúde.The computer usage has become essential nowadays and the Nursing staff meeting this technological improvement has been assimilating it in practice, which is started in Graduation course. As users of the computer division from a Nursing School we have observed students

Bacterial Levan: tecnological aspects, characteristics and production/ Levana Bacteriana: aspectos tecnológicos, características e produção

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Crispin Humberto Garcia-Cruz

2005-06-01

Full Text Available Levan is an exopolysaccharide, constituted by fructose units, ? (2- 6 linked, obtained by transfructosilation reaction during microorganisms fermentation in a sucrose rich but wi thout glucose, fructose or mixtures in the culture media. Bacterial levan production is a good alternative fructose source, besides having certain functional characteristics in the human body, such as a hypocholesterolemic and an anticarcinogenic agent. In the food industry, levan can be used to fix colors and flavors, as well as thickening and stabilizing agent. In the bacterial levan production, Zymomonas mobilis has been considered the best possible alternative, since it uses as carbon source sucrose or industrial residues that contain this sugar, in different concentrations, in a mineral salts rich medium. Levan production is not only influenced by carbon source and its concentration, but also by pH, temperature and type of salts. Moreover, the oxygenation of the fermentation medium, also affect the characteristics of the molecule and the cellular growth. In this revision some important topics concerning the bacterial levan production are presented.Levana é um exopolissacarídeo, constituído por unidades de frutose, unidas através de ligações ? (2- 6, obtido pela reação de transfrutosilação durante a fermentação de microrganismos em meio rico em sacarose mas não em frutose, glucose ou misturas de ambas. Pesquisas sobre bactérias produtoras de levana vêm sendo implementadas, uma vez que a mesma é uma fonte alternativa de frutose, além de apresentar características funcionais no organismo humano, como agente hipocolesterolêmico e anticarcinogênico. Na indústria de alimentos a levana pode ser empregada como fixador de cores e sabores, bem como espessante e estabilizante de vários alimentos. Das bactérias produtoras de levana, Zymomonas mobilis tem sido a melhor alternativa, uma vez que usa como fonte de carbono a sacarose ou resíduos industriais

Host and symbiont intraspecific variability: The case of Paramecium calkinsi and "Candidatus Trichorickettsia mobilis".

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Sabaneyeva, E; Castelli, M; Szokoli, F; Benken, K; Lebedeva, N; Salvetti, A; Schweikert, M; Fokin, S; Petroni, G

2018-02-01

Newly isolated strains of the ciliate Paramecium calkinsi and their cytoplasmic bacterial endosymbionts were characterized by a multidisciplinary approach, including live observation, ultrastructural investigation, and molecular analysis. Despite morphological resemblance, the characterized P. calkinsi strains showed a significant molecular divergence compared to conspecifics, possibly hinting for a cryptic speciation. The endosymbionts were clearly found to be affiliated to the species "Candidatus Trichorickettsia mobilis" (Rickettsiales, Rickettsiaceae), currently encompassing only bacteria retrieved in an obligate intracellular association with other ciliates. However, a relatively high degree of intraspecific divergence was observed as well, thus it was possible to split "Candidatus Trichorickettsia" into three subspecies, one of which represented so far only by the newly characterized endosymbionts of P. calkinsi. Other features distinguished the members of each different subspecies. In particular, the endosymbionts of P. calkinsi resided in the cytoplasm and possessed numerous peritrichous flagella, although no motility was evidenced, whereas their conspecifics in other hosts were either cytoplasmic and devoid of flagella, or macronuclear, displaying flagellar-driven motility. Moreover, contrarily to previously analyzed "Candidatus Trichorickettsia" hosts, infected P. calkinsi cells frequently became amicronucleate and demonstrated abnormal cell division, eventually leading to decline of the laboratory culture. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.

Enhanced Sorbitol Production under Submerged Fermentation using Lactobacillus plantarum

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Khan Nadiya Jan

2017-04-01

Full Text Available Background and Objective: Sorbitol is a non-toxic and slightly hygroscopic compound with different applications. Zymomonas mobiles produces sorbitol from sucrose or mixtures of glucose and fructose (formation is coupled with the dehydrogenation of glucose to glucono-δ- lactone. Recombinant Zymomonas mobilis may produce sorbitol and gluconic acid from glucose and fructose using different divalent metal ions with reduced the ethanol yield andsignificantly increased yield of sorbitol. Current study envisaged to alter the media components, physical process parameters and supplementation of amino acids for enhanced sorbitol production.Material and Methods: Several process variables were evaluated on sorbitol production including carbon sources (glucose, fructose, maltose, sucrose, carbon concentrations (5, 10, 20 and 25 g l-1, nitrogen sources (peptone, tryptone, yeast extract, beef extract and organic nitrogen mix, temperatures (25, 29, 33, 37, 41°C, pH (6, 6.5, 7 , 7.5 ,8, agitation rate (50, 100, 150, 200 rpm and amino acids (cysteine, cystine, tryptophanin batch cultivation ofLactobacillus plantarum NCIM 2912. Shake flask cultivation performed under optimum conditions like temperature 37°C, pH 7.0 and agitation rate of 150 rpm, resulted in enhanced sorbitol production. Comparative study of sorbitol production in solid state fermentation and submerged fermentation was also evaluated.Results and Conclusion: Batch cultivation under submerged conditions further performed in 7.5-l lab scale bioreactor (working volume 3.0-l under optimized conditions resulted in maximum cell biomass of 8.95±0.03 g g-1 and a sorbitol content of 9.78±0.04 g l-1 after 42.0 h of fermentation. Scale up study on bioreactor resulted in maximum sorbitol yield (Yp/x and productivity of 1.11 g g-1 and 0.50 g l-1 h under submerged fermentation, respectively.Conflict of interest: The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Investigation of potential of agro-industrial residues for ethanol production by using Candida tropicalis and Zymomonas mobilis

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Patle, Sonali

India is becoming more susceptible regarding energy security with increasing world prices of crude oil and increasing dependence on imports. Based on experiments by the Indian Institute of Petroleum, a 10% ethanol blend with gasoline is being considered for use in vehicles in at least one state and it will be mandatory for all oil companies to blend petrol with 10% ethanol from October 2008. In view of the above, the Government has already started supply of 5% ethanol blended petrol from 2003 in nine states and four contiguous Union Territories. Currently, fuel ethanol is produced mainly from molasses, corn, wheat and sugar beets. The production cost of ethanol from these agro-feedstocks is more than twice the price of gasoline. The high feedstock cost poses a major obstacle to large scale implementation of ethanol as a transportation fuel. Molasses could be in short supply due to the implementation of 10% blending norm. A reduction in import duty for industrial alcohol from7.5% to 5% has been suggested. The use of lignocellulosic energy crops, and particularly low cost biomass residues, offers excellent perspectives for application of ethanol in transportation fuels (Ridder, 2000). These materials will increase the ethanol production capacity and reduce the production cost to a competitive level. There is a huge demand (500 million litres) of ethanol to meet the 5% blending in India. With the present infrastructure, only 90 million litres of ethanol was produced till November 2006 and could reach up to 140 million litres (around) till October 2007. Bioethanol from these materials provides a highly cost effective option for CO2 emission reduction in the transportation sector. The aim of the present investigation was to evaluate the potential of biomass as feedstock for ethanol production. The dedicated energy crops would require thorough support as well as planning efforts such as assessing resources, availability and utilization. Furthermore, applied research is needed to develop environmentally and socially acceptable low-cost, high quality crops and cropping systems for producing sufficient quantities of value added biomass feedstock on substantially larger areas. This would require taking a look at environmental implications and economic assessments as over 70% of Indian population directly or indirectly depends on agricultural income sources. In other words, a long term strategy of intensive research would be required to get the desired level of acceptance both by the researchers and the farmers. This would mean long term field trials with the newly developed energy crops, awareness creation, and demonstration of visual benefits to farmers leading to change in mind-set towards greater flexibility for cropping patterns. This holds enormous promising research and development opportunities, but substantially longer period might be required to achieve these goals. The petroleum industry is now committed to the use of ethanol as fuel, as it is expected to benefit sugarcane farmers as well as the oil industry in the long run. Production of ethanol from agricultural and biodegradable wastes provides a viable solution to multiple environmental problems simultaneously creating a sink for waste and renewable energy production as well. Using ethanol-blended fuels for automobiles can significantly reduce petroleum use. Ethanol is one of the best tools to fight vehicular pollution, contains more oxygen that helps complete combustion of fuel and thus reduces harmful tailpipe emissions. It also reduces particulate emissions that pose a health hazard. Currently, fuel grade ethanol is produced from sugarcane, corn, wheat and sugar beets but the ethanol production cost from these substrates is very high as compared to gasoline. This high feedstock cost is the biggest hindrance in large scale implementation of ethanol as a transportation fuel. To counter the high feedstock costs, use of lignocellulosic materials, such as crop residues, grasses, sawdust, wood chips etc., can be promoted, which presents an inexpensive and abundant renewable source for ethanol production. Also there is an enormous production of fruits and vegetables in India and a very huge amount goes waste due to post-harvest losses and a large quantity of unused portion is also generated from processing industries. These substrates can be used as a potential source for ethanol production. These substrates are complex and are required to be broken down into simple sugars by acid, alkaline or enzymatic treatment. Two common methods for converting complex substrates to fermentable sugars are dilute acid hydrolysis and concentrated acid hydrolysis, both of which use either HCl or H2 So4. Since, acid hydrolysis has few disadvantages enzymatic hydrolysis was explored and found to be a better and more economic option. After substrate selection and its hydrolysis, it is very important to optimize the fermentation parameters and scale up the process. Different agro-industrial substrates were explored for this process. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)

Les patrimoines mobiliers scientifique et technique : spécificités de leur restauration, de leur conservation et de leur valorisation

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Philippe Tomsin

2007-10-01

Full Text Available Le patrimoine mobilier scientifique et technique, de par ses matériaux et les pathologies particulières qu'il connaît, pose des problèmes spécifiques en matière de conservation et de restauration. L'auteur inventorie les aspects de cette problématique, y compris la question cruciale des lieux de conservation et de valorisation de ce patrimoine particulier. Il propose à la réflexion quelques règles déontologiques.The scientific and technical movable heritage, because of its materials and special pathologies, gives some specific problems of conservation and restoration. The author inventories the aspects of these problems, including the crucial question of the places of conservation and valorisation of this particular heritage. He proposes a thought about some deontological rules.

Conditioning of dilute-acid pretreated corn stover hydrolysate liquors by treatment with lime or ammonium hydroxide to improve conversion of sugars to ethanol.

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Jennings, Edward W; Schell, Daniel J

2011-01-01

Dilute-acid pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass enhances the ability of enzymes to hydrolyze cellulose to glucose, but produces many toxic compounds that inhibit fermentation of sugars to ethanol. The objective of this study was to compare the effectiveness of treating hydrolysate liquor with Ca(OH)2 and NH4OH for improving ethanol yields. Corn stover was pretreated in a pilot-scale reactor and then the liquor fraction (hydrolysate) was extracted and treated with various amounts of Ca(OH)2 or NH4OH at several temperatures. Glucose and xylose in the treated liquor were fermented to ethanol using a glucose-xylose fermenting bacteria, Zymomonas mobilis 8b. Sugar losses up to 10% occurred during treatment with Ca(OH)2, but these losses were two to fourfold lower with NH4OH treatment. Ethanol yields for NH4OH-treated hydrolysate were 33% greater than those achieved in Ca(OH)2-treated hydrolysate and pH adjustment to either 6.0 or 8.5 with NH4OH prior to fermentation produced equivalent ethanol yields. Copyright © 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Systematic simulation of a tubular recycle reactor on the basis of pilot plant experiments

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Paar, H; Narodoslawsky, M; Moser, A [Technische Univ., Graz (Austria). Inst. fuer Biotechnologie, Mikrobiologie und Abfalltechnologie

1990-10-10

Systematic simulatiom may decisively help in development and optimization of bioprocesses. By applying simulation techniques, optimal use can be made of experimental data, decreasing development costs and increasing the accuracy in predicting the behavior of an industrial scale plant. The procedure of the dialogue between simulation and experimental efforts will be exemplified in a case study. Alcoholic fermentation of glucose by zymomonas mobilis bacteria in a gasified turbular recycle reactor was studied first by systematic simulation, using a computer model based solely on literature data. On the base of the results of this simulation, a 0.013 m{sup 3} pilot plant reactor was constructed. The pilot plant experiments, too, were based on the results of the systematic simulation. Simulated and experimental data were well in agreement. The pilot plant experiments reiterated the trends and limits of the process as shown by the simulation results. Data from the pilot plant runs were then used to improve the simulation model. This improved model was subsequently used to simulate the performances of an industrial scale plant. The results of this simulation are presented. They show that the alcohol fermentation in a tubular recycle reactor is potentially advantageous to other reactor configurations, especially to continuous stirred tanks. (orig.).

Classification of Rhizomonas suberifaciens, an unnamed Rhizomonas species, and Sphingomonas spp. in rRNA superfamily IV.

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van Bruggen, A H; Jochimsen, K N; Steinberger, E M; Segers, P; Gillis, M

1993-01-01

Thermal melting profiles of hybrids between 3H-labeled rRNA of Rhizomonas suberifaciens, the causal agent of corky root of lettuce, and chromosomal DNAs from 27 species of gram-negative bacteria indicated that the genus Rhizomonas belongs to superfamily IV of De Ley. On the basis of the melting temperatures of DNA hybrids with rRNAs from the type strains of R. suberifaciens, Sphingomonas paucimobilis, and Sphingomonas capsulata, Rhizomonas strains constitute a separate branch in superfamily IV, which is closely related to but separate from branches containing Zymomonas mobilis, Sphingomonas spp., and S. capsulata. Sphingomonas yanoikuyae and Rhizomonas sp. strain WI4 are located toward the base of the Rhizomonas rRNA branch. DNA-DNA hybridization indicated that S. yanoikuyae is equidistant from Rhizomonas sp. strain WI4 and S. paucimobilis. Sequences of 270 bp of 16S ribosomal DNAs from eight strains of Rhizomonas spp., eight strains of Sphingomonas spp., and Agrobacterium tumefaciens indicated that S. yanoikuyae and Rhizomonas sp. strains WI4 and CA16 are genetically more closely related to R. suberifaciens than to Sphingomonas spp. Thus, S. yanoikuyae may need to be transferred to the genus Rhizomonas on the basis of the results of further study.

Pengaruh Variasi Mikroorganisme dan Pelarut Dalam Produksi Etanol Dari Nira Tebu (Sachharum officinarum Dengan Proses Fermentasi Ekstraktif

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Yusfa Anugrah Baihaki

2014-09-01

Full Text Available Kebutuhan energi dari bahan bakar minyak bumi (BBM didunia semakin tahun mengalami peningkatan tajam. Salah satu energi alternatif yang didorong pemerintah Indonesia adalah dengan memproduksi bioetanol. Salah satu bahan yang sangat berpotensial sebagai bahan baku utama dalam pembuatan bioetanol adalah nira batang tebu. Upaya peningkatan produktivitas etanol dilakukan secara kontinyu dikarenakan pada fermentasi konvensional terdapat kendala pada produktivitas dan konsentrasi etanol yang rendah. Untuk itu perlu dilakukan penelitian untuk produksi etanol dengan keunggulan keterpaduan proses dan rendah energi yang selanjutnya dapat dijadikan sebagai dasar desain untuk rancang bangun skala industri kecil. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui performa terbaik dari variasi mikroorganisme dan pelarut yang digunakan dalam memproduksi etanol dengan proses fermentasi ekstraktif dan untuk mengetahui karakteristik kinerja sistem fermentasi kontinyu dalam bioreaktor packed bed dengan variasi mikroorganisme. Dalam penelitian ini digunakan macam variasi mikroorganisme Zymomonasmobilis A3 termutasi dan campuran Saccharomyces cerevisiae dan Pichiastipitis dengan sistem tanpa recycle dan pelarut n-Amyl Alcohol. Dari penelitian yang telah dilakukan diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa proses fermentasi kontinyu dan ekstraksi tanpa recycle menggunakan Zymomonas mobilis A3 dan pelarut n-Amyl Alkohol memberikan hasil produktivitas dan yield yang terbaik, yaitu sebesar 133,417 g/l.jam dan 35,049%.

Simultaneous saccharification and co-fermentation of peracetic acid pretreated sugar cane bagasse

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Teixeira, L.C. [Fundacao Centro Tecnologico de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte (Brazil); Linden, J.C.; Schroeder, H.A. [Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO (United States)

1999-07-01

Previous work in our laboratory has demonstrated that peracetic acid improves the enzymatic digestibility of lignocellulosic materials. From the same studies, use of dilute alkali solutions as a pre-pretreatment prior to peracetic acid lignin oxidation increases sugar conversion yields in a synergistic, not additive, manner. Deacetylation of xylan is conducted easily by use of dilute alkali solutions at mild conditions. In this paper, the effectiveness of peracetic acid pretreatment of sugar cane bagasse combined with an alkaline pre-pretreatment, is evaluated through simultaneous saccharification and co-fermentation (SSCF) procedures. A practical 92% of theoretical ethanol yield using recombinant Zymomonas mobilis CP4/pZB5 is achieved using 6% NaOH/I5% peracetic acid pretreated substrate. No sugar accumulation is observed during SSCF; the recombinant microorganism exhibits greater glucose utilization rates than those of xylose. Acetate levels at the end of the co-fermentations are less than 0.2% (w/v). Based on demonstrated reduction of acetyl groups of the biomass, alkaline pre-pretreatments help to reduce peracetic acid requirements. The influence of deacetylation is more pronounced in combined pretreatments using lower peracetic acid loadings. Stereochemical impediments of the acetyl groups in hemicellulase on the activity of specific enzymes may be involved. (author)

Les objets mobiliers des XIXe et XXe siècles : les sources

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Laurence de Finance

2009-11-01

Full Text Available L’étude scientifique de tout objet ne peut se concevoir sans une recherche dans les sources documentaires. Qu’il s’agisse d’archives publiques ou privées, de legs faits à des musées ou autres institutions patrimoniales, la quête de renseignements est une nécessité pour suivre l’objet étudié depuis sa création jusqu’à son étude faite in Situ. De nos jours, de nombreuses ressources sont mises en ligne, notamment sur le site du ministère de la culture et de la communication ; accessibles à tous, elles rendent plus aisées la localisation des sources et la consultation de leur contenu. A titre d’exemple, afin de faciliter l’étude du mobilier religieux du XIXe siècle, dont la production est alors en pleine expansion, des pages illustrées de plusieurs catalogues de fabricants sont aujourd’hui consultables en ligne.The scientific study of any object requires research in documentary sources. Whether these are private or public archives, legacies left to museums or other heritage institutions, the search for information is a necessity for understanding the life of the object, from its creation to its study in situ. Today, many types of documentary source are available on line, in particular on the website of the French Ministry of Culture. These sources are available to all and easy to consult. The example presented here, concerning the study of religious furnishings of the 19th and 20th centuries, the production of which increased considerably during these centuries, are the pages taken from the catalogues of several manufacturers of these church furnishings, today accessible on line.

AutoCAD 3D pour l'architecture et le design : conception d'une maison et de son mobilier

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Riccio, Michel

2010-01-01

Module 3D d'AutoCAD, logiciel leader de dessin assisté par ordinateur, AutoCAD 3D est l'outil indispensable des architectes qui souhaitent présenter leurs travaux en trois dimensions. Voici donc un livre très pédagogique qui leur fera découvrir ses principales fonctionnalités (versions 2006 à 2010) à travers un projet de conception de maison contemporaine. Riche de 700 plans, schémas et dessins, il explique quels outils employer pour modéliser les façades d'une villa, sa piscine et sa terrasse, ainsi que son architecture intérieure et son mobilier. Dès les premières pages, le lecteur se retrouve ainsi plongé dans la pratique, voyant se construire au fil des 17 ateliers un édifice tridimensionnel complexe, qu'il aura la satisfaction d'avoir créé lui-même. A qui s'adresse ce livre ? Aux bureaux d'architectes qui souhaitent présenter leurs projets en 3D ; À tous les étudiants en écoles d'architecture ; Aux utilisateurs 2D d'AutoCAD qui désirent connaître les fonctions 3D de ce logiciel.

Investigation of specificity determinants in bacterial tRNA-guanine transglycosylase reveals queuine, the substrate of its eucaryotic counterpart, as inhibitor.

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Inna Biela

Full Text Available Bacterial tRNA-guanine transglycosylase (Tgt catalyses the exchange of the genetically encoded guanine at the wobble position of tRNAs(His,Tyr,Asp,Asn by the premodified base preQ1, which is further converted to queuine at the tRNA level. As eucaryotes are not able to synthesise queuine de novo but acquire it through their diet, eucaryotic Tgt directly inserts the hypermodified base into the wobble position of the tRNAs mentioned above. Bacterial Tgt is required for the efficient pathogenicity of Shigella sp, the causative agent of bacillary dysentery and, hence, it constitutes a putative target for the rational design of anti-Shigellosis compounds. Since mammalian Tgt is known to be indirectly essential to the conversion of phenylalanine to tyrosine, it is necessary to create substances which only inhibit bacterial but not eucaryotic Tgt. Therefore, it seems of utmost importance to study selectivity-determining features within both types of proteins. Homology models of Caenorhabditis elegans Tgt and human Tgt suggest that the replacement of Cys158 and Val233 in bacterial Tgt (Zymomonas mobilis Tgt numbering by valine and accordingly glycine in eucaryotic Tgt largely accounts for the different substrate specificities. In the present study we have created mutated variants of Z. mobilis Tgt in order to investigate the impact of a Cys158Val and a Val233Gly exchange on catalytic activity and substrate specificity. Using enzyme kinetics and X-ray crystallography, we gained evidence that the Cys158Val mutation reduces the affinity to preQ1 while leaving the affinity to guanine unaffected. The Val233Gly exchange leads to an enlarged substrate binding pocket, that is necessary to accommodate queuine in a conformation compatible with the intermediately covalently bound tRNA molecule. Contrary to our expectations, we found that a priori queuine is recognised by the binding pocket of bacterial Tgt without, however, being used as a substrate.

Environmental Factors Modulating the Stability and Enzymatic Activity of the Petrotoga mobilis Esterase (PmEst.

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Jose L S Lopes

Full Text Available Enzymes isolated from thermophilic organisms found in oil reservoirs can find applications in many fields, including the oleochemical, pharmaceutical, bioenergy, and food/dairy industries. In this study, in silico identification and recombinant production of an esterase from the extremophile bacteria Petrotoga mobilis (designated PmEst were performed. Then biochemical, bioinformatics and structural characterizations were undertaken using a combination of synchrotron radiation circular dichroism (SRCD and fluorescence spectroscopies to correlate PmEst stability and hydrolytic activity on different substrates. The enzyme presented a high Michaelis-Menten constant (KM 0.16 mM and optimum activity at ~55°C for p-nitrophenyl butyrate. The secondary structure of PmEst was preserved at acid pH, but not under alkaline conditions. PmEst was unfolded at high concentrations of urea or guanidine through apparently different mechanisms. The esterase activity of PmEst was preserved in the presence of ethanol or propanol and its melting temperature increased ~8°C in the presence of these organic solvents. PmEst is a mesophilic esterase with substrate preference towards short-to medium-length acyl chains. The SRCD data of PmEst is in agreement with the prediction of an α/β protein, which leads us to assume that it displays a typical fold of esterases from this family. The increased enzyme stability in organic solvents may enable novel applications for its use in synthetic biology. Taken together, our results demonstrate features of the PmEst enzyme that indicate it may be suitable for applications in industrial processes, particularly, when the use of polar organic solvents is required.

Clostridium thermocellum ATCC27405 transcriptomic, metabolomic and proteomic profiles after ethanol stress

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Yang Shihui

2012-07-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background Clostridium thermocellum is a candidate consolidated bioprocessing biocatalyst, which is a microorganism that expresses enzymes for both cellulose hydrolysis and its fermentation to produce fuels such as lignocellulosic ethanol. However, C. thermocellum is relatively sensitive to ethanol compared to ethanologenic microorganisms such as yeast and Zymomonas mobilis that are used in industrial fermentations but do not possess native enzymes for industrial cellulose hydrolysis. Results In this study, C. thermocellum was grown to mid-exponential phase and then treated with ethanol to a final concentration of 3.9 g/L to investigate its physiological and regulatory responses to ethanol stress. Samples were taken pre-shock and 2, 12, 30, 60, 120, and 240 min post-shock, and from untreated control fermentations for systems biology analyses. Cell growth was arrested by ethanol supplementation with intracellular accumulation of carbon sources such as cellobiose, and sugar phosphates, including fructose-6-phosphate and glucose-6-phosphate. The largest response of C. thermocellum to ethanol shock treatment was in genes and proteins related to nitrogen uptake and metabolism, which is likely important for redirecting the cells physiology to overcome inhibition and allow growth to resume. Conclusion This study suggests possible avenues for metabolic engineering and provides comprehensive, integrated systems biology datasets that will be useful for future metabolic modeling and strain development endeavors.

Pulque production from fermented agave sap as a dietary supplement in Prehispanic Mesoamerica.

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Correa-Ascencio, Marisol; Robertson, Ian G; Cabrera-Cortés, Oralia; Cabrera-Castro, Rubén; Evershed, Richard P

2014-09-30

Although in modern societies fermented beverages are associated with socializing, celebration, and ritual, in ancient times they were also importa`nt sources of essential nutrients and potable water. In Mesoamerica, pulque, an alcoholic beverage produced from the fermented sap of several species of maguey plants (Agavaceae; Fig. 1) is hypothesized to have been used as a dietary supplement and risk-buffering food in ancient Teotihuacan (150 B.C. to A.D. 650). Although direct archaeological evidence of pulque production is lacking, organic residue analysis of pottery vessels offers a new avenue of investigation. However, the chemical components of alcoholic beverages are water-soluble, greatly limiting their survival over archaeological timescales compared with hydrophobic lipids widely preserved in food residues. Hence, we apply a novel lipid biomarker approach that considers detection of bacteriohopanoids derived from the ethanol-producing bacterium Zymomonas mobilis for identifying pulque production/consumption in pottery vessels. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry selected ion monitoring (m/z 191) of lipid extracts of >300 potsherds revealed characteristic bacteriohopanoid distributions in a subset of 14 potsherds. This hopanoid biomarker approach offers a new means of identifying commonly occurring bacterially fermented alcoholic beverages worldwide, including palm wine, beer, cider, perry, and other plant sap- or fruit-derived beverages [Swings J, De Ley J (1977) Bacteriol Rev 41(1):1-46].

Monitoring microbial growth and activity using spectral induced polarization and low-field nuclear magnetic resonance

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Zhang, Chi; Keating, Kristina; Revil, Andre

2015-04-01

Microbes and microbial activities in the Earth's subsurface play a significant role in shaping subsurface environments and are involved in environmental applications such as remediation of contaminants in groundwater and oil fields biodegradation. Stimulated microbial growth in such applications could cause wide variety of changes of physical/chemical properties in the subsurface. It is critical to monitor and determine the fate and transportation of microorganisms in the subsurface during such applications. Recent geophysical studies demonstrate the potential of two innovative techniques, spectral induced polarization (SIP) and low-field nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), for monitoring microbial growth and activities in porous media. The SIP measures complex dielectric properties of porous media at low frequencies of exciting electric field, and NMR studies the porous structure of geologic media and characterizes fluids subsurface. In this laboratory study, we examined both SIP and NMR responses from bacterial growth suspension as well as suspension mixed with silica sands. We focus on the direct contribution of microbes to the SIP and NMR signals in the absence of biofilm formation or biomineralization. We used Zymomonas mobilis and Shewanella oneidensis (MR-1) for SIP and NMR measurements, respectively. The SIP measurements were collected over the frequency range of 0.1 - 1 kHz on Z. mobilis growth suspension and suspension saturated sands at different cell densities. SIP data show two distinct peaks in imaginary conductivity spectra, and both imaginary and real conductivities increased as microbial density increased. NMR data were collected using both CPMG pulse sequence and D-T2 mapping to determine the T2-distribution and diffusion properties on S. oneidensis suspension, pellets (live and dead), and suspension mixed with silica sands. NMR data show a decrease in the T2-distribution in S. oneidensis suspension saturated sands as microbial density increase. A

Spatial separation of photosynthesis and ethanol production by cell type-specific metabolic engineering of filamentous cyanobacteria.

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Ehira, Shigeki; Takeuchi, Takuto; Higo, Akiyoshi

2018-02-01

Cyanobacteria, which perform oxygenic photosynthesis, have drawn attention as hosts for the direct production of biofuels and commodity chemicals from CO 2 and H 2 O using light energy. Although cyanobacteria capable of producing diverse chemicals have been generated by metabolic engineering, anaerobic non-photosynthetic culture conditions are often necessary for their production. In this study, we conducted cell type-specific metabolic engineering of the filamentous cyanobacterium Anabaena sp. PCC 7120, which forms a terminally differentiated cell called a heterocyst with a semi-regular spacing of 10-15 cells. Because heterocysts are specialized cells for nitrogen fixation, the intracellular oxygen level of heterocysts is maintained very low even when adjacent cells perform oxygenic photosynthesis. Pyruvate decarboxylase of Zymomonas mobilis and alcohol dehydrogenase of Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 were exclusively expressed in heterocysts. Ethanol production was concomitant with nitrogen fixation in genetically engineered Anabaena sp. PCC 7120. Engineering of carbon metabolism in heterocysts improved ethanol production, and strain ET14, with an extra copy of the invB gene expressed from a heterocyst-specific promoter, produced 130.9 mg L -1 of ethanol after 9 days. ET14 produced 1681.9 mg L -1 of ethanol by increasing the CO 2 supply. Ethanol production per heterocyst cell was approximately threefold higher than that per cell of unicellular cyanobacterium. This study demonstrates the potential of heterocysts for anaerobic production of biofuels and commodity chemicals under oxygenic photosynthetic conditions.

Impact of recycling stillage on conversion of dilute sulfuric acid pretreated corn stover to ethanol.

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Mohagheghi, Ali; Schell, Daniel J

2010-04-01

Both the current corn starch to ethanol industry and the emerging lignocellulosic biofuels industry view recycling of spent fermentation broth or stillage as a method to reduce fresh water use. The objective of this study was to understand the impact of recycling stillage on conversion of corn stover to ethanol. Sugars in a dilute-acid pretreated corn stover hydrolysate were fermented to ethanol by the glucose-xylose fermenting bacteria Zymomonas mobilis 8b. Three serial fermentations were performed at two different initial sugar concentrations using either 10% or 25% of the stillage as makeup water for the next fermentation in the series. Serial fermentations were performed to achieve near steady state concentration of inhibitors and other compounds in the corn stover hydrolysate. Little impact on ethanol yields was seen at sugar concentrations equivalent to pretreated corn stover slurry at 15% (w/w) with 10% recycle of the stillage. However, ethanol yields became progressively poorer as the sugar concentration increased and fraction of the stillage recycled increased. At an equivalent corn stover slurry concentration of 20% with 25% recycled stillage the ethanol yield was only 5%. For this microorganism with dilute-acid pretreated corn stover, recycling a large fraction of the stillage had a significant negative impact on fermentation performance. Although this finding is of concern for biochemical-based lignocellulose conversion processes, other microorganism/pretreatment technology combinations will likely perform differently. (c) 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

A Comparison of Simple Rheological Parameters and Simulation Data for Zymomonas mobilis Fermentation Broths with High Substrate Loading in a 3-L Bioreactor

Science.gov (United States)

Um, Byung-Hwan; Hanley, Thomas R.

Traditionally, as much as 80% or more of an ethanol fermentation broth is water that must be removed. This mixture is not only costly to separate but also produces a large aqueous stream that must then be disposed of or recycled. Integrative approaches to water reduction include increasing the biomass concentration during fermentation. In this paper, experimental results are presented for the rheological behavior of high-solids enzymatic cellulose hydrolysis and ethanol fermentation for biomass conversion using Solka Floc as the model feedstock. The experimental determination of the viscosity, shear stress, and shear rate relationships of the 10 to 20% slurry concentrations with constant enzyme concentrations are performed with a variable speed rotational viscometer (2.0 to 200 rpm) at 40 °C. The viscosities of enzymatic suspension observed were in range of 0.0418 to 0.0144, 0.233 to 0.0348, and 0.292 to 0.0447 Pa s for shear rates up to 100 reciprocal seconds at 10, 15, and 20% initial solids (w/v), respectively. Computational fluid dynamics analysis of bioreactor mixing demonstrates the change in bioreactor mixing with increasing biomass concentration. The portion-loading method is shown to be effective for processing highsolids slurries.

NCBI nr-aa BLAST: CBRC-FCAT-01-1240 [SEVENS

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available CBRC-FCAT-01-1240 ref|ZP_01126060.1| DNA internalization-related competence protein... ComEC/Rec2 [Nitrococcus mobilis Nb-231] gb|EAR23543.1| DNA internalization-related competence protein ComEC/Rec2 [Nitrococcus mobilis Nb-231] ZP_01126060.1 3.6 31% ...

Technical development of fuel alcohol

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

1988-06-01

Research and development of a technology for biologically manufacturing alcohol from agricultural and forestry wastes has been conducted according to an eight year-program beginning in 1983. This paper presents the findings in FY 1987 and the future schedule. Exploration and breeding of superior bacteria are the basic subject through the eight years. In FY 1987, preparation and evaluation of hybrid plasmids into which Zymomonas, BETA-glucosidase gene and CM case gene are inserted, improvement of variation to enhance the salt resistance of Zymomonas and screening of Cm-and Sm-resistant bacteria to develop thermophilic, anaerobic cellulose were made. In addition, the total process combining the cell adhesion method as the immobilization technique with the flash technique is continuously studied. Improvement of the salt-resistance of Zymomonas by increasing the density with photosetting resin, the upper concentration of alcohol and effect of pulverzing treatment in a small apparatus were investigated. A test plant was designed and constructed. (3 photos.)

Sucrose dependent mineral phosphate solubilization in Enterobacter asburiae PSI3 by heterologous overexpression of periplasmic invertases.

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Kumar, Chanchal; Wagh, Jitendra; Archana, G; Naresh Kumar, G

2016-12-01

Enterobacter asburiae PSI3 solubilizes mineral phosphates in the presence of glucose by the secretion of gluconic acid generated by the action of a periplasmic pyrroloquinoline quinone dependent glucose dehydrogenase. In order to achieve mineral phosphate solubilization phenotype in the presence of sucrose, plasmids pCNK4 and pCNK5 containing genes encoding the invertase enzyme of Zymomonas mobilis (invB) and of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (suc2) under constitutive promoters were constructed with malE signal sequence (in case of invB alone as the suc2 is secreted natively). When introduced into E. asburiae PSI3, E. a. (pCNK4) and E. a. (pCNK5) transformants secreted 21.65 ± 0.94 and 22 ± 1.3 mM gluconic acid, respectively, in the presence of 75 mM sucrose and they also solubilized 180 ± 4.3 and 438 ± 7.3 µM P from the rock phosphate. In the presence of a mixture of 50 mM sucrose and 25 mM glucose, E. a. (pCNK5) secreted 34 ± 2.3 mM gluconic acid and released 479 ± 8.1 µM P. Moreover, in the presence of a mixture of eight sugars (10 mM each) in the medium, E. a. (pCNK5) released 414 ± 5.3 µM P in the buffered medium. Thus, this study demonstrates incorporation of periplasmic invertase imparted P solubilization ability to E. asburiae PSI3 in the presence of sucrose and mixture of sugars.

Metabolic regulation analysis of an ethanologenic Escherichia coli strain based on RT-PCR and enzymatic activities

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Martinez Alfredo

2008-05-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background A metabolic regulation study was performed, based upon measurements of enzymatic activities, fermentation performance, and RT-PCR analysis of pathways related to central carbon metabolism, in an ethanologenic Escherichia coli strain (CCE14 derived from lineage C. In comparison with previous engineered strains, this E coli derivative has a higher ethanol production rate in mineral medium, as a result of the elevated heterologous expression of the chromosomally integrated genes encoding PDCZm and ADHZm (pyruvate decarboxylase and alcohol dehydrogenase from Zymomonas mobilis. It is suggested that this behavior might be due to lineage differences between E. coli W and C. Results This study demonstrated that the glycolytic flux is controlled, in this case, by reactions outside glycolysis, i.e., the fermentative pathways. Changes in ethanol production rate in this ethanologenic strain result in low organic acid production rates, and high glycolytic and ethanologenic fluxes, that correlate with enhanced transcription and enzymatic activity levels of PDCZm and ADHZm. Furthermore, a higher ethanol yield (90% of the theoretical in glucose-mineral media was obtained with CCE14 in comparison with previous engineered E. coli strains, such as KO11, that produces a 70% yield under the same conditions. Conclusion Results suggest that a higher ethanol formation rate, caused by ahigher PDCZm and ADHZm activities induces a metabolic state that cells compensate through enhanced glucose transport, ATP synthesis, and NAD-NADH+H turnover rates. These results show that glycolytic enzymatic activities, present in E. coli W and C under fermentative conditions, are sufficient to contend with increases in glucose consumption and product formation rates.

Ethanol production from lignocellulosic materials. Fermentation and on-line analysis

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Olsson, L.

1994-04-01

The fermentation performance of bacteria, yeast and fungi was investigated in lignocellulosic hydrolysates with the aim of finding microorganisms which both withstand the inhibitors and that have the ability to ferment pentoses. Firstly, the performance of Saccharomyces cidri, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Lactobacillus brevis, Lactococcus lactis ssp lactis, Escherichia coli and Zymomonas mobilis was investigated in spent sulphite liquor and enzymatic hydrolysate of steam-pretreated willow. Secondly, the performance of natural and recombinant E. coli, Pichia stipitis, recombinant S. cerevisiae, S. cerevisiae in combination with xylose isomerase and Fusarium oxysporum was investigated in a xylose-rich acid hydrolysate of corn cob. Recombinant E. coli was the best alternative for fermentation of lignocellulosic hydrolysates, giving both high yields and productivities. The main drawback was that detoxification was necessary. The kinetics of the fermentation with recombinant E. coli KO11 was investigated in the condensate of steam-pretreated willow. A cost analysis of the ethanol production from willow was made, which predicted an ethanol production cost of 3.9 SEK/l for the pentose fermentation. The detoxification cost constituted 22% of this cost. The monitoring of three monosaccharides and ethanol in lignocellulosic hydro lysates is described. The monosaccharides were determined using immobilized pyranose oxidase in an on-line amperometric analyser. Immobilization and characterization of pyranose oxidase from Phanerochaete chrysosporium is also described. The ethanol was monitored on-line using a micro dialysis probe as an in situ sampling device. The dialysate components were then separated in a column liquid chromatographic system and the ethanol was selectively detected by an amperometric alcohol bio sensor. The determinations with on-line analysis methods agreed well with off-line methods. 248 refs, 4 figs, 12 tabs

Cloning of affecting pyruvate decarboxylase gene in the production bioethanol of agricultural waste in the E.coli bacteria

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Masome Zeinali

2016-09-01

Full Text Available Introduction: Ethanol made by a biomass is one of the useful strategies in terms of economic and environmental and as a clean and safe energy to replace fossil fuels considered and examined. Materials and methods: In this study, key enzyme in the production of ethanol (Pyruvate decarboxylase from Zymomonas mobilis bacteria was isolated and cloned at E. coli bacteria by freeze and thaw method. For gene cloning, we used specific primers of pdc and PCR reaction and then pdc gene isolated and pET 28a plasmid double digested with (Sal I and Xho I enzymes. Digestion Products were ligated by T4 DNA ligase in 16 °C for 16 hours. Results: Results of bacteria culture showed that a few colonies containing pET 28a plasmid could grow. Result of colony pcr of pdc gene with specific primers revealed 1700 bp bands in 1% agarose gel electrophoresis. The results of PCR with T7 promotor forward primer and pdc revers primer have proved the accurate direction of integration of pdc gene into plasmid and revealed 1885 bp band. Double digestion of recombinant plasmid with SalI and XhoI enzymes revealed same bands. Finally, RT showed the expected band of 1700 bp that implies the desired gene expression in the samples. Discussion and conclusion: Due to the increased production of ethanol via pyruvate decarboxylase gene cloning in expression plasmids with a strong promoter upstream of the cloning site can conclude that, pyruvate decarboxylase cloning as a key gene would be useful and according to beneficial properties of E. coli bacteria, transfering the gene to bacteria appears to be reasonable.

Contabilização de títulos e valores mobiliários: uma comparação entre as normas brasileiras, do FASB e do IASB Accounting treatment of debt and equity securities: a comparison among brazilian, FASB and IASB standards

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Alceu Haruo Fuji

2008-08-01

Full Text Available Em 2001, o Banco Central do Brasil emitiu a Circular 3.068, determinando a utilização do valor de mercado para avaliar os títulos e valores mobiliários. A Circular 3.068/01 determina que os títulos e valores mobiliários devem ser classificados numa das seguintes categorias: negociação, disponíveis para venda e mantidos até o vencimento. Os títulos para negociação e os disponíveis para venda devem ser avaliados e registrados pelo seu valor de mercado e os mantidos até o vencimento devem ser registrados pelo seu custo histórico. O objetivo deste trabalho é estudar a forma de contabilização de títulos adotada no Brasil, especialmente as normas definidas para as instituições financeiras, em comparação com as normas do FASB e IASB. A comparação da forma de contabilização de títulos adotada no Brasil (Circular 3.068/01 com os pronunciamentos do FASB (SFAS 115 e IASB (IAS 39 mostrou que, nos aspectos relevantes, as regras estão em harmonia, embora algumas diferenças pequenas tenham sido identificadas.In 2001, the Brazilian Central Bank issued Circular letter 3.068, determining the use of market value to evaluate debt and equity securities. This letter states that debt and equity securities must be classified in one of the following categories: trading, available for sale and held to maturity. The securities for trading and available for sale have to be evaluated and reported by their market value and those held to maturity must be reported by historical cost. The purpose of this work is to study the accounting methods of securities adopted in Brazil, especially those rules stated to financial institutions, in comparison with the statement of FASB and IASB. The comparison of the accounting methods of securities adopted in Brazil (Circular 3.068/01 with the statements of FASB (SFAS 115 and IASB (IAS 39 showed that, in the main aspects, the rules are in harmony, although some minor differences have been identified.

From lin-Benzoguanines to lin-Benzohypoxanthines as Ligands for Zymomonas mobilis tRNA-Guanine Transglycosylase: Replacement of Protein-Ligand Hydrogen Bonding by Importing Water Clusters.

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Barandun, L.J.; Immekus, F.; Kohler, P.C.; Tonazzi, S.; Wagner, B.; Wendelspiess, S.; Ritschel, T.; Heine, A.; Kansy, M.; Klebe, G.; Diederich, F.

2012-01-01

The foodborne illness shigellosis is caused by Shigella bacteria that secrete the highly cytotoxic Shiga toxin, which is also formed by the closely related enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC). It has been shown that tRNA-guanine transglycosylase (TGT) is essential for the pathogenicity of

Les structures et le mobilier du site d’habitat Hallstatt final-La Tène ancienne d'Allaines Mervilliers (Eure-et-Loir Buildings and effects from the hallstatt D-Early La Tène site of Allaines Mervilliers (Eure-et-Loir

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Diane Casadei

2006-12-01

Full Text Available Découverte de structures d’habitat sur poteaux et d’une fosse Hallstatt final-La Tène ancienne dans le cadre d’une opération d’archéologie préventive en 1998, à Allaines Mervilliers (Eure-et-Loir. Il s’agit de deux bâtiments rectangulaires à six trous de poteau, d’un bâtiment rectangulaire à trois nefs et d’un bâtiment circulaire. Ces deux derniers sont inédits pour cette époque en région Centre. Le bâtiment rectangulaire à trois nefs est composé de deux rangées centrales de trois trous de poteau et de deux rangées latérales de quatre trous de poteau. Les trous de poteau centraux présentent un remplissage stratifié dont la couche supérieure a livré l’essentiel de l’abondant mobilier découvert. On décompte par exemple dans les vestiges en céramique 56 individus-vases différents. Le bâtiment circulaire est composé d’une couronne de neuf trous de poteau présentant également un remplissage stratifié. On a découvert moins de mobilier dans cette structure que dans le bâtiment précédent, mais il se singularise aussi par la présence d’ossements humains.The discovery of settlement structureson posts and of a pit Hallstatt D-early La Tène during a rescue archaeology operation in 1998, in Allaines Mervilliers (Eure-et-Loir. It concerned two rectangular buildings of six post holes, a rectangular building in three naves and a circular building. The latter two are new for this period in the Centre region.The rectangular building in three naves consisted of two central rows of three post holes and two lateral rows of four post holes. The central holes of post introduce a stratified fill, the upper layer of which produced the majority of the abundant finds. From the ceramic remains it was estimated that there were fifty-six individuals in different vases. The circular building consisted of a ring of nine post holes also producing a stratified fill. Fewer articles were discovered in this structure than

Technical development of alcohol for fuel. Inspection and breeding of superior bacteria

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

1987-09-01

Heat- and alcohol-resistant bacteria for alcoholic fermentation were separated from the soils in Japan and abroad and the performance was evaluated to develop superior bacteria for ethanol fermentation. The superior bacteria pertinent to alcoholic fermentation were bred by domestication, variation treatment, cell fusion and gene manipulation. The productivity of ethanol was increased by controlling pH of thermophilic, aerobic cellulase and culturing the mixture of added nutrients. CMC ase and Beta-glucosidase genes, the component enzymes of cellulase, were successfully developed by Zymomonas sp. A promotor selecting vector of Zymomonas was produced for developing xylolase gene to acquire an active promotor.

New bacteria suitable for production of ethanol from maltose. Marutosu kara no etanoru seizo ni tekishita shinki saikin

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Okamoto, T.; Taguchi, H.; Nakamura, K. (Kirin Brewery Co. Ltd., Tokyo (Japan))

1992-10-07

Bacteria such as Zymomonas atracts attention in production of ethanol from carbohydrates in addition to yeast used for a long time, however, Zymomonas ferments only glucose, fructose and sucrose. After searching microbes in the nature with excellent properties in fermentation ability and salt resistance, a new Gram-negative bacterium has been isolated from a certain tree sap which is suitable for production of ethanol from maltose and starch hydrolyzate. The features of cell morphology of the new bacterium are: bacillus, peritrichous, no sport forming, Q-9 in quinone system, and an anaerobic Gram-negative bacterium. It utilizes maltose, sorbitol and maltose and produces [alpha]-glucosidas but no [beta]-galactosidase nor arginine dihydrase. The strain T109 is deposited as FERM BP-3292 to the Industrial Research Institute of Microbiology. 2 figs., 2 tabs.

A novel aldose-aldose oxidoreductase for co-production of D-xylonate and xylitol from D-xylose with Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Science.gov (United States)

Wiebe, Marilyn G; Nygård, Yvonne; Oja, Merja; Andberg, Martina; Ruohonen, Laura; Koivula, Anu; Penttilä, Merja; Toivari, Mervi

2015-11-01

An open reading frame CC1225 from the Caulobacter crescentus CB15 genome sequence belongs to the Gfo/Idh/MocA protein family and has 47 % amino acid sequence identity with the glucose-fructose oxidoreductase from Zymomonas mobilis (Zm GFOR). We expressed the ORF CC1225 in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and used a yeast strain expressing the gene coding for Zm GFOR as a reference. Cell extracts of strains overexpressing CC1225 (renamed as Cc aaor) showed some Zm GFOR type of activity, producing D-gluconate and D-sorbitol when a mixture of D-glucose and D-fructose was used as substrate. However, the activity in Cc aaor expressing strain was >100-fold lower compared to strains expressing Zm gfor. Interestingly, C. crescentus AAOR was clearly more efficient than the Zm GFOR in converting in vitro a single sugar substrate D-xylose (10 mM) to xylitol without an added cofactor, whereas this type of activity was very low with Zm GFOR. Furthermore, when cultured in the presence of D-xylose, the S. cerevisiae strain expressing Cc aaor produced nearly equal concentrations of D-xylonate and xylitol (12.5 g D-xylonate l(-1) and 11.5 g D-xylitol l(-1) from 26 g D-xylose l(-1)), whereas the control strain and strain expressing Zm gfor produced only D-xylitol (5 g l(-1)). Deletion of the gene encoding the major aldose reductase, Gre3p, did not affect xylitol production in the strain expressing Cc aaor, but decreased xylitol production in the strain expressing Zm gfor. In addition, expression of Cc aaor together with the D-xylonolactone lactonase encoding the gene xylC from C. crescentus slightly increased the final concentration and initial volumetric production rate of both D-xylonate and D-xylitol. These results suggest that C. crescentus AAOR is a novel type of oxidoreductase able to convert the single aldose substrate D-xylose to both its oxidized and reduced product.

Studies on the Catalytic Properties of Partially Purified Alkaline Proteases from Some Selected Microorganisms

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Titilayo Olufunke Femi-Ola

2012-09-01

Full Text Available Aims: The research was done to study the conditions enhancing catalytic activities of alkaline proteases from Vibro sp., Lactobacillus brevis, Zymomonas sp., Athrobacter sp., Corynebacterium sp. and Bacillus subtilis.Methodology and Results: The proteolytic enzymes were purified in 2-step procedures involving ammonium sulphate precipitation and sephadex G-150 gel permeation chromatography. The upper and lower limits for the specific activities of proteases from the selected microorganisms were estimated at 20.63 and 47.51 units/mg protein with Zymomonas protease having the highest specific activity towards casein as its substrate and purification fold of 3.46, while that ofLactobacillus brevis protease was 8.06. The native molecular weights of these active proteins ranged from 30.4 to 45.7 kDa with Athrobacter sp. protease having the highest weight for its subunits. The proteolytic enzymes had optimum pH range of 8 to 10 and temperature range of 50 to 62 ºC accounting for the percentage relative activity range of 75 to 94% and 71 to 84 % respectively. The activities of Lactobacillus brevis and Bacillus subtilis proteases were maximum at pH 9 and 10 respectively. Lactobacillus brevis protease activity was maximum at temperature of 62 ºC, while beyond this value, a general thermal instability of these active proteins was observed. At above 70 ºC, the catalytic activities of Corynebacterium sp., Vibrio sp., Zymomonas sp. and Arthrobacter sp. proteases were progressively reduced over a period of 120 min of incubation, while Bacillus subtlis and Lactobacillus brevis proteases were relatively stable. Effect of metal ions was investigated on the catalytic activity of protease from the microorganisms. Lactobacillus brevis,Zymomonas sp., Arthrobacter sp., Corynebacterium sp. and Bacillus subtilis protease activities were strongly activated by metal ions such as Ca+2 and Mg+2. Enzyme activities were inhibited strongly by Cu2+ and Hg2+ but were not

The effects of salinity on nitrification using halophilic nitrifiers in a Sequencing Batch Reactor treating hypersaline wastewater.

Science.gov (United States)

Cui, You-Wei; Zhang, Hong-Yu; Ding, Jie-Ran; Peng, Yong-Zhen

2016-04-25

With annual increases in the generation and use of saline wastewater, the need to avoid environmental problems such as eutrophication is critical. A previous study identified ways to start up a halophilic sludge domesticated from estuarine sediments to remove nitrogen from wastewater with a salinity of 30 g/L. This investigation expands that work to explore the impact of salinity on nitrogen removal. This study demonstrated that the mixed halophilic consortia removed nitrogen from wastewater with a salinity of 30-85 g/L. A kinetic analysis showed that halophilic nitrifiers selected based on hypersalinity were characterized by low Ks, μmax and specific ammonium oxidization rates. This explains the decrease in ammonium removal efficiency in the high salinity operational phases. Salinity inhibited ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB) activity, as well as the number of dominant AOB, but did not significantly affect the AOB dominant species. Three most dominant AOB lineages in the halophilic sludge were Nitrosomonas marina, Nitrosomonas europaea, and Nitrosococcus mobilis. Nitrosomonas europaea and Nitrosococcus mobilis were mainly affected by salinity, while nitrite accumulation and ammonia loading played the key role in determining the abundance of Nitrosococcus mobilis and Nitrosococcus europaea. The study contributes insights about shifts in halophilic nitrifying bacterial populations.

Ekstravagantsus vannitoas

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

2008-01-01

Tutvustatakse Tallinnas Vannistuudios pakutavaid Itaalia firma Mobili Di Castello peegliga valamukomplekte, Itaalia firma Ritmonio dushiroosi Euridice ja valamusegistit Type-Face, Inglismaa firma Imperial Bathrooms dushikabiine ja malmvanni Radison Cureo

ANÁLISE ERGONÔMICA DOS POSTOS DE TRABALHO DE OPERADORES DE CAIXA DE SUPERMERCADO

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Lucimara Ballardin

2005-06-01

Full Text Available Esta pesquisa teve o objetivo avaliar as condições de trabalho e os postos de trabalho dos operadores de caixa dos principais supermercados da cidade de Santa Maria (RS.Um total de 60 operadores de caixa de 9 supermercados foram incluídos no estudo. A coleta de dados foi realizada através de questionários, mensuração do posto de trabalho (antropometria e mobiliário, observações diretas e aplicação do  check-list. Os resultados demonstraram condições de trabalho prejudiciais à saúde, como longas jornadas de trabalho e alta prevalência de desconfortos músculo-esqueléticos. A sintomatologia foi avaliada pelos trabalhadores como resultado de fatores relacionados ao trabalho, como movimentos biomecânicos de passagem e registro de mercadorias, posturas exigidas pelo posto de trabalho e mobiliário utilizado no posto de trabalho. As observações diretas analisaram as rotinas do trabalho e apontaram os movimentos realizados pelos operadores. A comparação entre medidas do mobiliário e antropometria demonstra incompatibilidade entre os componentes do posto de trabalho. A aplicação do  check-list confirmou o alto  risco de Distúrbio Osteomuscular Relacionado ao  Trabalho e a necessidade de  melhorias nas condições de trabalho desta categoria profissional.

Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management - Vol 9 ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Activity of Zymomonas species in palm-sap obtained from three areas in Edo State, Nigeria. ... Flood risk assessment: a review. TE Ologunorisa, MJ Abawua. A preliminary evaluation of otamiri river sands for the production of plain glass ... Health impact assessment of mangrove vegetation in an oil spilled site at the Bodo ...

The Enzymatic Conversion of Major Algal and Cyanobacterial Carbohydrates to Bioethanol

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Al Abdallah, Qusai; Nixon, B. Tracy; Fortwendel, Jarrod R.

2016-01-01

The production of fuels from biomass is categorized as first-, second-, or third-generation depending upon the source of raw materials, either food crops, lignocellulosic material, or algal biomass, respectively. Thus far, the emphasis has been on using food crops creating several environmental problems. To overcome these problems, there is a shift toward bioenergy production from non-food sources. Algae, which store high amounts of carbohydrates, are a potential producer of raw materials for sustainable production of bioethanol. Algae store their carbohydrates in the form of food storage sugars and structural material. In general, algal food storage polysaccharides are composed of glucose subunits; however, they vary in the glycosidic bond that links the glucose molecules. In starch-type polysaccharides (starch, floridean starch, and glycogen), the glucose subunits are linked together by α-(1→4) and α-(1→6) glycosidic bonds. Laminarin-type polysaccharides (laminarin, chrysolaminarin, and paramylon) are made of glucose subunits that are linked together by β-(1→3) and β-(1→6) glycosidic bonds. In contrast to food storage polysaccharides, structural polysaccharides vary in composition and glycosidic bond. The industrial production of bioethanol from algae requires efficient hydrolysis and fermentation of different algal sugars. However, the hydrolysis of algal polysaccharides employs more enzymatic mixes in comparison to terrestrial plants. Similarly, algal fermentable sugars display more diversity than plants, and therefore more metabolic pathways are required to produce ethanol from these sugars. In general, the fermentation of glucose, galactose, and glucose isomers is carried out by wild-type strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Zymomonas mobilis. In these strains, glucose enters glycolysis, where is it converted to pyruvate through either Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas pathway or Entner–Doudoroff pathway. Other monosaccharides must be converted to

The enzymatic conversion of major algal and cyanobacterial carbohydrates to bioethanol

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Qusai Al Abdallah

2016-11-01

Full Text Available The production of fuels from biomass is categorized as first-, second- or third-generation depending upon the source of raw materials, either food crops, lignocellulosic material, or algal biomass, respectively. Thus far, the emphasis has been on using food crops creating several environmental problems. To overcome these problems, there is a shift toward bioenergy production from non-food sources. Algae, which store high amounts of carbohydrates, are a potential producer of raw materials for sustainable production of bioethanol. Algae store their carbohydrates in the form of food storage sugars and structural material. In general, algal food storage polysaccharides are composed of glucose subunits, however they vary in the glycosidic bond that links the glucose molecules. In starch-type polysaccharides (starch, floridean starch, and glycogen, the glucose subunits are linked together by α-(1→4 and α-(1→6 glycosidic bonds. Laminarin-type polysaccharides (laminarin, chrysolaminarin, and paramylon are made of glucose subunits that are linked together by β-(1→3 and β-(1→6 glycosidic bonds. In contrast to food storage polysaccharides, structural polysaccharides vary in composition and glycosidic bond. The industrial production of bioethanol from algae requires efficient hydrolysis and fermentation of different algal sugars. However, the hydrolysis of algal polysaccharides employs more enzymatic mixes in comparison to terrestrial plants. Similarly, algal fermentable sugars display more diversity than plants, and therefore more metabolic pathways are required to produce ethanol from these sugars. In general, the fermentation of glucose, galactose, and glucose isomers is carried out by wild type strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Zymomonas mobilis. In these strains, glucose enters glycolysis, where is it converted to pyruvate through either Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas pathway or Entner-Doudoroff pathway. Other monosaccharides must be

The Enzymatic Conversion of Major Algal and Cyanobacterial Carbohydrates to Bioethanol

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Al Abdallah, Qusai, E-mail: qalabdal@uthsc.edu [Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN (United States); Nixon, B. Tracy [Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA (United States); Fortwendel, Jarrod R. [Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN (United States)

2016-11-04

The production of fuels from biomass is categorized as first-, second-, or third-generation depending upon the source of raw materials, either food crops, lignocellulosic material, or algal biomass, respectively. Thus far, the emphasis has been on using food crops creating several environmental problems. To overcome these problems, there is a shift toward bioenergy production from non-food sources. Algae, which store high amounts of carbohydrates, are a potential producer of raw materials for sustainable production of bioethanol. Algae store their carbohydrates in the form of food storage sugars and structural material. In general, algal food storage polysaccharides are composed of glucose subunits; however, they vary in the glycosidic bond that links the glucose molecules. In starch-type polysaccharides (starch, floridean starch, and glycogen), the glucose subunits are linked together by α-(1→4) and α-(1→6) glycosidic bonds. Laminarin-type polysaccharides (laminarin, chrysolaminarin, and paramylon) are made of glucose subunits that are linked together by β-(1→3) and β-(1→6) glycosidic bonds. In contrast to food storage polysaccharides, structural polysaccharides vary in composition and glycosidic bond. The industrial production of bioethanol from algae requires efficient hydrolysis and fermentation of different algal sugars. However, the hydrolysis of algal polysaccharides employs more enzymatic mixes in comparison to terrestrial plants. Similarly, algal fermentable sugars display more diversity than plants, and therefore more metabolic pathways are required to produce ethanol from these sugars. In general, the fermentation of glucose, galactose, and glucose isomers is carried out by wild-type strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Zymomonas mobilis. In these strains, glucose enters glycolysis, where is it converted to pyruvate through either Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas pathway or Entner–Doudoroff pathway. Other monosaccharides must be converted to

Analysis of bacterial community during the fermentation of pulque, a traditional Mexican alcoholic beverage, using a polyphasic approach.

Science.gov (United States)

Escalante, Adelfo; Giles-Gómez, Martha; Hernández, Georgina; Córdova-Aguilar, María Soledad; López-Munguía, Agustín; Gosset, Guillermo; Bolívar, Francisco

2008-05-31

In this study, the characterization of the bacterial community present during the fermentation of pulque, a traditional Mexican alcoholic beverage from maguey (Agave), was determined for the first time by a polyphasic approach in which both culture and non-culture dependent methods were utilized. The work included the isolation of lactic acid bacteria (LAB), aerobic mesophiles, and 16S rDNA clone libraries from total DNA extracted from the maguey sap (aguamiel) used as substrate, after inoculation with a sample of previously produced pulque and followed by 6-h fermentation. Microbiological diversity results were correlated with fermentation process parameters such as sucrose, glucose, fructose and fermentation product concentrations. In addition, medium rheological behavior analysis and scanning electron microscopy in aguamiel and during pulque fermentation were also performed. Our results showed that both culture and non-culture dependent approaches allowed the detection of several new and previously reported species within the alpha-, gamma-Proteobacteria and Firmicutes. Bacteria diversity in aguamiel was composed by the heterofermentative Leuconostoc citreum, L. mesenteroides, L. kimchi, the gamma-Proteobacteria Erwinia rhapontici, Enterobacter spp. and Acinetobacter radioresistens. Inoculation with previously fermented pulque incorporated to the system microbiota, homofermentative lactobacilli related to Lactobacillus acidophilus, several alpha-Proteobacteria such as Zymomonas mobilis and Acetobacter malorum, other gamma-Proteobacteria and an important amount of yeasts, creating a starting metabolic diversity composed by homofermentative and heterofermentative LAB, acetic and ethanol producing microorganisms. At the end of the fermentation process, the bacterial diversity was mainly composed by the homofermentative Lactobacillus acidophilus, the heterofermentative L. mesenteroides, Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis and the alpha-Proteobacteria A. malorum. After

Le comportement symbolique dans la Préhistoire de la Roumanie: art mobilier au Paléolithique supérieur en Moldavie

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Corneliu BELDIMAN

2009-12-01

Full Text Available RÉSUMÉ: Les approches récentes des collections anciennes aussi bien que les découvertes des derniers décennies ont permis des discussions détaillés (concernant le répertoire, la typologie, la technologie, les dates radiométriques, etc. sur les rares documents d’art mobilier (parure, objets décorés et dites “non utilitaires” appartenant au Paléolithique supérieur (Gravettien oriental, autour 23-13 kya BP et provenant de la Moldavie roumaine –région Est du pays, comprise entre les Carpates et la rivière Prut–. Les 29 artefacts signalés ont été découvertes en 6 sites de plein aire et dans un site en grotte. Les types identifiés sont: bâtons percés sur métatarse de cheval et sur bois de renne; pendeloques lithiques et en os; rondelle en bois de renne; dents percées; objets lithiques en quartzite et graphite; objets gravés et encochés lithiques et en os; harpon décoré; fragment de défense de mammouth ayant des traces de débitage et façonnage; coquilles fossiles appartenant à l’espèce Congeria?; coquilles percées appartenant à l’espèce Succinea oblonga? ou Lithoglyphus naticoides? La plupart des artéfacts ont une signification spéciale pour le phénomène de l’art et de la technologie préhistorique de la région envisagée: il s’agit des pendeloques de Mitoc, dép. de Botosani et de fragment d’os gravé d’une représentation de patte d’animal? de Piatra Neamt, dép. de Neamt. Une autre pièce exceptionnelle c’est le fragment de défense de mammouth de Lespezi, dép. de Bacau portant sur l’extrémité proximale des traces de débitage par entaillage et probablement par sciage à la ficelle; cela peut être le plus ancienne situation de cette sorte signalée dans cette partie de l’Europe. Tenant compte du fait que les objets en ivoire de mammouth sont apparitions extrêmement rares dans le Paléolithique supérieur de la Roumanie et les analogies on peut envisager la provenance de cet

Gynogenetic induction in marine bivalve molluscs for improvement of stocks: Standardization of some important factors

Digital Repository Service at National Institute of Oceanography (India)

Goswami, U.

Experiments conducted for standardizing sperm density for artificial insemination of Chlamys mobilis prior to inducing gynogenesis by ultra-violet rays irradiated sperms showed that 10:1 ratio of sperms to eggs should be maintained for getting...

GenBank blastx search result: AK062185 [KOME

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available AK062185 001-046-E03 AF080002.1 Heliobacillus mobilis exopolyphosphatase Ppx (ppx) gene, partial cds; cobyric acid synthase CobQ (cobQ), UDP-N-acetylmuramyl tripeptide synthetase MurC (murC),

Solution-processable septithiophene monolayer transistor

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Defaux, M.; Gholamrezaie, F.; Wang, J.; Kreyes, A.; Ziener, U.; Anokhin, D.V.; Ivanov, D.A.; Moser, A.; Neuhold, A.; Salzmann, I.; Resel, R.; Leeuw, de D.M.; Meskers, S.C.J.; Moeller, M.; Mourran, A.

2012-01-01

Septithiophene with endgroups designed to form liquid crystalline phases and allows controlled deposition of an electrically connected monolayer. Field effect mobilies mobilities of charge carriers and spectroscopic properties of the monolayer provide evidence of sustainable transport and

Solution-Processable Septithiophene Monolayer Transistor

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Defaux, Matthieu; Gholamrezaie, Fatemeh; Wang, Jingbo; Kreyes, Andreas; Ziener, Ulrich; Anokhin, Denis V.; Ivanov, Dimitri A.; Moser, Armin; Neuhold, Alfred; Salzmann, Ingo; Resel, Roland; de Leeuw, Dago M.; Meskers, Stefan C. J.; Moeller, Martin; Mourran, Ahmed

2012-01-01

Septithiophene with endgroups designed to form liquid crystalline phases and allows controlled deposition of an electrically connected monolayer. Field effect mobilies mobilities of charge carriers and spectroscopic properties of the monolayer provide evidence of sustainable transport and

The Mobile usability in educational contexts

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Agnes Kukulska-Hulme

2008-01-01

Full Text Available Riflessioni sul rapporto fra le tecnologie mobile e la didattica, con particolare attenzione ai risultati ottenuti da alcuni studi sperimentali sul mobile learning. Viene analizzata l’usabilita’ dei dispositivi mobili nella formazione a distanza.

Evaluation of an Automated Swallow-Detection Algorithm Using Visual Biofeedback in Healthy Adults and Head and Neck Cancer Survivors.

Science.gov (United States)

Constantinescu, Gabriela; Kuffel, Kristina; Aalto, Daniel; Hodgetts, William; Rieger, Jana

2017-11-02

Mobile health (mHealth) technologies may offer an opportunity to address longstanding clinical challenges, such as access and adherence to swallowing therapy. Mobili-T ® is an mHealth device that uses surface electromyography (sEMG) to provide biofeedback on submental muscles activity during exercise. An automated swallow-detection algorithm was developed for Mobili-T ® . This study evaluated the performance of the swallow-detection algorithm. Ten healthy participants and 10 head and neck cancer (HNC) patients were fitted with the device. Signal was acquired during regular, effortful, and Mendelsohn maneuver saliva swallows, as well as lip presses, tongue, and head movements. Signals of interest were tagged during data acquisition and used to evaluate algorithm performance. Sensitivity and positive predictive values (PPV) were calculated for each participant. Saliva swallows were compared between HNC and controls in the four sEMG-based parameters used in the algorithm: duration, peak amplitude ratio, median frequency, and 15th percentile of the power spectrum density. In healthy participants, sensitivity and PPV were 92.3 and 83.9%, respectively. In HNC patients, sensitivity was 92.7% and PPV was 72.2%. In saliva swallows, HNC patients had longer event durations (U = 1925.5, p performed well with healthy participants and retained a high sensitivity, but had lowered PPV with HNC patients. With respect to Mobili-T ® , the algorithm will next be evaluated using the mHealth system.

Bacterial biosynthesis and maturation of the didemnin anti-cancer agents

KAUST Repository

Xü , Ying; Kersten, Roland D.; Nam, Sang Jip; Lu, Liang; Al-Suwailem, Abdulaziz M.; Zheng, Huajun; Fenical, William H.; Dorrestein, Pieter C.; Moore, Bradley S.; Qian, Peiyuan

2012-01-01

The anti-neoplastic agent didemnin B from the Caribbean tunicate Trididemnum solidum was the first marine drug to be clinically tested in humans. Because of its limited supply and its complex cyclic depsipeptide structure, considerable challenges were encountered during didemnin B's development that continue to limit aplidine (dehydrodidemnin B), which is currently being evaluated in numerous clinical trials. Herein we show that the didemnins are bacterial products produced by the marine α-proteobacteria Tistrella mobilis and Tistrella bauzanensis via a unique post-assembly line maturation process. Complete genome sequence analysis of the 6,513,401 bp T. mobilis strain KA081020-065 with its five circular replicons revealed the putative didemnin biosynthetic gene cluster (did) on the 1,126,962 bp megaplasmid pTM3. The did locus encodes a 13-module hybrid non-ribosomal peptide synthetase-polyketide synthase enzyme complex organized in a collinear arrangement for the synthesis of the fatty acylglutamine ester derivatives didemnins X and Y rather than didemnin B as first anticipated. Imaging mass spectrometry of T. mobilis bacterial colonies captured the time-dependent extracellular conversion of the didemnin X and Y precursors to didemnin B, in support of an unusual post-synthetase activation mechanism. Significantly, the discovery of the didemnin biosynthetic gene cluster may provide a long-term solution to the supply problem that presently hinders this group of marine natural products and pave the way for the genetic engineering of new didemnin congeners. © 2012 American Chemical Society.

Bacterial biosynthesis and maturation of the didemnin anti-cancer agents

KAUST Repository

Xü, Ying

2012-05-23

The anti-neoplastic agent didemnin B from the Caribbean tunicate Trididemnum solidum was the first marine drug to be clinically tested in humans. Because of its limited supply and its complex cyclic depsipeptide structure, considerable challenges were encountered during didemnin B\\'s development that continue to limit aplidine (dehydrodidemnin B), which is currently being evaluated in numerous clinical trials. Herein we show that the didemnins are bacterial products produced by the marine α-proteobacteria Tistrella mobilis and Tistrella bauzanensis via a unique post-assembly line maturation process. Complete genome sequence analysis of the 6,513,401 bp T. mobilis strain KA081020-065 with its five circular replicons revealed the putative didemnin biosynthetic gene cluster (did) on the 1,126,962 bp megaplasmid pTM3. The did locus encodes a 13-module hybrid non-ribosomal peptide synthetase-polyketide synthase enzyme complex organized in a collinear arrangement for the synthesis of the fatty acylglutamine ester derivatives didemnins X and Y rather than didemnin B as first anticipated. Imaging mass spectrometry of T. mobilis bacterial colonies captured the time-dependent extracellular conversion of the didemnin X and Y precursors to didemnin B, in support of an unusual post-synthetase activation mechanism. Significantly, the discovery of the didemnin biosynthetic gene cluster may provide a long-term solution to the supply problem that presently hinders this group of marine natural products and pave the way for the genetic engineering of new didemnin congeners. © 2012 American Chemical Society.

Process development and modeling of fluidized-bed reactor with coimmobilized biocatalyst for fuel ethanol production

Science.gov (United States)

Sun, May Yongmei

This research focuses on two steps of commercial fuel ethanol production processes: the hydrolysis starch process and the fermentation process. The goal of this research is to evaluate the performance of co-immobilized biocatalysts in a fluidized bed reactor with emphasis on economic and engineering aspects and to develop a predictive mathematical model for this system. The productivity of an FBR is higher than productivity of a traditional batch reactor or CSTR. Fluidized beds offer great advantages over packed beds for immobilized cells when small particles are used or when the reactant feed contains suspended solids. Plugging problems, excessive pressure drops (and thus attrition), or crushing risks may be avoided. No mechanical stirring is required as mixing occurs due to the natural turbulence in the fluidized process. Both enzyme and microorganism are immobilized in one catalyst bead which is called co-immobilization. Inside this biocatalyst matrix, starch is hydrolyzed by the enzyme glucoamylase to form glucose and then converted to ethanol and carbon dioxide by microorganisms. Two biocatalysts were evaluated: (1) co-immobilized yeast strain Saccharomyces cerevisiae and glucoamylase. (2) co-immobilized Zymomonas mobilis and glucoamylase. A co-immobilized biocatalyst accomplishes the simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF process). When compared to a two-step process involving separate saccharification and fermentation stages, the SSF process has productivity values twice that given by the pre-saccharified process when the time required for pre-saccharification (15--25 h) was taken into account. The SSF process should also save capital cost. The information about productivity, fermentation yield, concentration profiles along the bed, ethanol inhibition, et al., was obtained from the experimental data. For the yeast system, experimental results showed that: no apparent decrease of productivity occurred after two and half months, the productivity

Summerhouse dialogues between mobilier and immobilier

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Reeh, Henrik

2017-01-01

Addressing processes of cultural memory and mental appropriation in leisure architecture, this study relies on the fact that, in Denmark, summerhouses are often sold with furniture and objects representing the former owners and their ways of life. The theoretical starting point is formed by a dis......Addressing processes of cultural memory and mental appropriation in leisure architecture, this study relies on the fact that, in Denmark, summerhouses are often sold with furniture and objects representing the former owners and their ways of life. The theoretical starting point is formed...

[Predominant strains of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-degrading consortia from deep sea of the Middle Atlantic Ridge].

Science.gov (United States)

Cui, Zhisong; Shao, Zongze

2009-07-01

In order to identify the predominant strains of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)-degrading consortia harboring in sea water and surface sediment collected from deep sea of the Middle Atlantic Ridge. We employed enrichment method and spread-plate method to isolate cultivable bacteria and PAHs degraders from deep sea samples. Phylogenetic analysis was conducted by 16S rRNA gene sequencing of the bacteria. Then we analyzed the dominant bacteria in the PAHs-degrading consortia by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) combined with DNA sequencing. Altogether 16 cultivable bacteria were obtained, including one PAHs degrader Novosphingobium sp. 4D. Phylogenetic analysis showed that strains closely related to Alcanivorax dieselolei NO1A (5/16) and Tistrella mobilis TISTR 1108T (5/16) constituted two biggest groups among the cultivable bacteria. DGGE analysis showed that strain 4L (also 4M and 4N, Alcanivorax dieselolei NO1A, 99.21%), 4D (Novosphingobium pentaromativorans US6-1(T), 97.07%) and 4B (also 4E, 4H and 4K, Tistrella mobilis TISTR 1108T, > 99%) dominated the consortium MC2D. While in consortium MC3CO, the predominant strains were strain 5C (also 5H, Alcanivorax dieselolei NO1A, > 99%), uncultivable strain represented by band 5-8 (Novosphingobium aromaticivorans DSM 12444T, 99.41%), 5J (Tistrella mobilis TISTR 1108T, 99.52%) and 5F (also 5G, Thalassospira lucentensis DSM 14000T, degrading consortia in sea water and surface sediment of Middle Atlantic Ridge deep sea, with Novosphingobium spp. as their main PAHs degraders.

Visualizing phosphodiester-bond hydrolysis by an endonuclease

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Molina, Rafael; Stella, Stefano; Redondo, Pilar

2015-01-01

The enzymatic hydrolysis of DNA phosphodiester bonds has been widely studied, but the chemical reaction has not yet been observed. Here we follow the generation of a DNA double-strand break (DSB) by the Desulfurococcus mobilis homing endonuclease I-DmoI, trapping sequential stages of a two-metal-...

Caçambas coletoras de resíduos da construção e demolição no contexto do mobiliário urbano: uma questão de saúde pública e ambiental Containers for construction and demolition waste as urban furnishing: an environmental and public health issue

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Joyce Maria de Araujo

2007-04-01

Full Text Available A utilização de caçambas metálicas em áreas públicas para acondicionar resíduos da construção e demolição-RCD tem sido incrementada, em cidades brasileiras, a partir da década de 1990, contribuindo para o adensamento do mobiliário urbano e modificando a paisagem urbana. Este equipamento é utilizado para confinar os resíduos de modo a impedir sua dispersão no ambiente, facilitar sua coleta e transporte e evitar a exposição de moradores e transeuntes. A despeito dessas vantagens, as caçambas representam um perigo ao ambiente e à saúde pública. Com objetivo de verificar a interferência das caçambas nas ruas e calçadas e identificar situações de risco, foi realizado um estudo de campo envolvendo 58 caçambas estacionadas em 5 diferentes bairros da cidade de São Paulo. Aspectos como localização e disposição, identificação e uso de pintura reflexiva para prevenção de acidentes com veículos automotivos e conteúdo da caçamba foram observados. Os resultados indicaram a presença de não-conformidades, na maioria dos casos observados, como: localização inadequada, pintura reflexiva não existente ou apagada, quantidade excessiva de resíduos, presença de matéria orgânica ou resíduos perigosos, objetos cortantes ou pontiagudos extrapolando os limites da caçamba, dentre outros. Conclui-se que é necessário desenvolver uma abordagem integrada e ecossistêmica para estes elementos do mobiliário urbano, de modo a contemplar, além da questão de gerenciamento dos RCD, aspectos de saúde pública e ambiental e, ao mesmo tempo, preservar os valores estéticos e a paisagem urbana. Dessa forma, o emprego de caçambas coletoras de RCD pode trazer benefícios que contribuam para a qualidade de vida nas cidades brasileiras.The use of metallic waste containers in public areas for storage of construction and demolition wastes-C&D debris was introduced in Brazilian cities in the 1990's, becoming a piece of urban

A site-specific endonuclease encoded by a typical archaeal intron

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Dalgaard, Jacob; Garrett, Roger Antony; Belfort, Malene

1993-01-01

The protein encoded by the archaeal intron in the 23S rRNA gene of the hyperthermophile Desulfurococcus mobilis is a double-strand DNase that, like group I intron homing endonucleases, is capable of cleaving an intronless allele of the gene. This enzyme, I-Dmo I, is unusual among the intron...

Alkaline/peracetic acid as a pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass for ethanol fuel production

Science.gov (United States)

Teixeira, Lincoln Cambraia

Peracetic acid is a lignin oxidation pretreatment with low energy input by which biomass can be treated in a silo type system for improving enzymatic digestibility of lignocellulosic materials for ethanol production. Experimentally, ground hybrid poplar wood and sugar cane bagasse are placed in plastic bags and a peracetic acid solution is added to the biomass in different concentrations based on oven-dry biomass. The ratio of solution to biomass is 6:1; after initial mixing of the resulting paste, a seven-day storage period at about 20°C is used in this study. As a complementary method, a series of pre-pretreatments using stoichiometric amounts of sodium hydroxide and ammonium hydroxide based on 4-methyl-glucuronic acid and acetyl content in the biomass is been performed before addition of peracetic acid. The alkaline solutions are added to the biomass in a ratio of 14:1 solution to biomass; the slurry is mixed for 24 hours at ambient temperature. The above procedures give high xylan content substrates. Consequently, xylanase/beta-glucosidase combinations are more effective than cellulase preparations in hydrolyzing these materials. The pretreatment effectiveness is evaluated using standard enzymatic hydrolysis and simultaneous saccharification and cofermentation (SSCF) procedures. Hybrid poplar wood pretreated with 15 and 21% peracetic acid based on oven-dry weight of wood gives glucan conversion yields of 76.5 and 98.3%, respectively. Sugar cane bagasse pretreated with the same loadings gives corresponding yields of 85.9 and 93.1%. Raw wood and raw bagasse give corresponding yields of 6.8 and 28.8%, respectively. The combined 6% NaOH/15% peracetic acid pretreatments increase the glucan conversion yields from 76.5 to 100.0% for hybrid poplar wood and from 85.9 to 97.6% for sugar cane bagasse. Respective ethanol yields of 92.8 and 91.9% are obtained from 6% NaOH/15% peracetic acid pretreated materials using recombinant Zymomonas mobilis CP4/pZB5. Peracetic acid

Differential antibiotic sensitivity determined by the large ribosomal subunit in thermophilic archaea.

OpenAIRE

Ruggero, D; Londei, P

1996-01-01

Hybrid ribosomes obtained by mixing the ribosomal subunits of the extremely thermophilic archaea Sulfolobus solfataricus and Desulfurococcus mobilis were tested for their sensitivity to selected antibiotics. It is shown that structural differences in the large ribosomal subunits determine qualitatively and quantitatively the patterns of response to alpha-sarcin and paromomycin in these species.

Ethanol production in fermentation of mixed sugars containing xylose

Science.gov (United States)

Viitanen, Paul V [West Chester, PA; Mc Cutchen, Carol M [Wilmington, DE; Li,; Xu, [Newark, DE; Emptage, Mark [Wilmington, DE; Caimi, Perry G [Kennett Square, PA; Zhang, Min [Lakewood, CO; Chou, Yat-Chen [Lakewood, CO; Franden, Mary Ann [Centennial, CO

2009-12-08

Xylose-utilizing Z. mobilis strains were found to have improved ethanol production when grown in medium containing mixed sugars including xylose if sorbitol or mannitol was included in the medium. The effect was seen in concentrations of mixed sugars where no growth lag period occurs, as well as in higher sugars concentrations.

: tous les projets | Page 225 | CRDI - Centre de recherches pour le ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Au Chili, une société civile dynamique et mobilisée se sert des nouvelles technologies numériques pour transformer les modes de participation à la vie politique. Date de début : 17 novembre 2011. End Date: 17 mai 2014. Sujet: INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY, COMPUTER NETWORKS, CHILE, Democracy, Civil society, ...

Comportamento recente do setor florestal madeireiro no Estado do Pará, Brasil Recent behavior of the section forest lumberman in the State of Pará, Brazil

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ricardo Bruno Nascimento dos Santos

2009-06-01

Full Text Available Os objetivos deste trabalho foram analisar o comportamento das exportações de madeira e identificar os municípios especializados nas atividades florestal e de madeira e mobiliário, no período de 1998 a 2004. A metodologia utilizada foi a taxa geométrica de crescimento (TGC, bem como o índice de concentração normalizado (ICN. Os resultados indicaram que as exportações cresceram a uma TGC acima de 14% ao ano. Foram identificados 25 municípios especializados em madeira e mobiliário e cinco na atividade florestal.The objective of this work was to analyze the behavior of wood exports and to identify the municipalities specialized on forestry, wood and furniture activities, in the period from 1998 to 2004. The methodology applied was the rate of geometric growth (RGG and the normalized index of concentration (NIC. The results showed that the exports grew at a rate of over 14% a year. Furthermore, twenty-five municipalities were identified as being specialized in wood and furniture; and five in forestry activities.

La fermentation éthanolique. Les microorganismes Ethanol Fermentation. The Microorganisms

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ballerini D.

2006-11-01

Full Text Available Cette étude précise l'état actuel des connaissances concernant la fermentation éthanolique, d'un point de vue microbiologique. Outre les microorganismes utilisés depuis longtemps, sont décrites les nouvelles espèces de levures et de bactéries capables de transformer en éthanol des substrats aussi divers que les composés cellulosiques et hémicellulosiques issus de la biomasse et leurs produits d'hydrolyse. Pour la fermentation des substrats traditionnels tels que les mélasses et les jus d'extraction de plantes sucrières, ou encore l'amidon de maïs, les performances des levures du genre Saccharomyces sont comparées à celles des bactéries du genre Zymomonas. This review gives the state-of-the-art of what is known about ethanol fermentation from the microbiological viewpoint. In addition to the microorganisms that have been used for a long time, it describes new species of yeasts and bacteria capable of transforming, in ethanol, substrates including such different ones as cellulosic and hemicellulosic compounds issuing from biomass and their hydrolysis products. For the fermentation of traditional substrates such as molasses and juices extracted from sugar plants, or cornstarch, the performances of yeasts of the Saccharomyces type are compared to those of bacteria of the Zymomonas type.

: tous les projets | Page 246 | CRDI - Centre de recherches pour le ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Au cours des derniers mois, des centaines de milliers de citoyens en Algérie, au Maroc et en Tunisie se sont mobilisés pour exiger une plus grande responsabilité et légitimité du gouvernement. Date de début : 1 avril 2011. End Date: 30 avril 2014. Sujet: SOCIAL MOVEMENTS, DEMOCRATIZATION. Région: Algeria ...

Introduction La gouvernance de la santé en Afrique : état des lieux

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Conseil pour le développement de la recherche en sciences sociales en Afrique, 2017. (ISSN : 0850 3907 ). Introduction ... histoire, droit, économie, science politique, études féministes et de genre. En lisant ce numéro, ... Sur le plan méthodologique, les auteurs ont mobilisé plusieurs outils de collecte des données, dont, ...

Development Cooperation in a Fractured Global Order: An Arduous ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Repenser la légitimité politique : inclusion des citoyens et médias sociaux numériques. Au Chili, une société civile dynamique et mobilisée se sert des nouvelles technologies numériques pour transformer les modes de participation à la vie politique. Voir davantageRepenser la légitimité politique : inclusion des citoyens et ...

Résultats de recherche | Page 18 | CRDI - Centre de recherches ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Interventions de recherche rapides de l'International Crisis Group - s'attaquer aux défis en matière de gouvernance et de sécurité. Au cours des derniers mois, des centaines de milliers de citoyens en Algérie, au Maroc et en Tunisie se sont mobilisés pour exiger une plus grande responsabilité et légitimité du gouvernement ...

Repenser la légitimité politique : inclusion des citoyens et médias ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Repenser la légitimité politique : inclusion des citoyens et médias sociaux numériques. Au Chili, une société civile dynamique et mobilisée se sert des nouvelles technologies numériques pour transformer les modes de participation à la vie politique. Ce projet de recherche consistera à recueillir des données sur la manière ...

LE MARCHE FINANCIER EN ALGERIE : SITUATION ET ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Administrateur

marché en l'occurrence le marché financier ne représente pas un problème strictement ... variés de par le monde. Dans les pays en transition, la performance du .... Les valeurs mobilières sont constituées de deux types de titres : les titres de .... La COSOB (commission d'organisation et de surveillance des opérations de ...

Kraniomandibulární syndrom - možnosti diagnostiky a terapie z pohledu fyzioterapeuta

OpenAIRE

Damcová, Kateřina

2016-01-01

Abstracts Title: Craniomandibular Syndrome - Diagnosis and Therapy from the Perspective of a Physiotherapist Objectives: The thesis deals with problems of diagnosis and therapeutic intervention in pain, that originates in craniomandibular area from the perspective of the physiotherapist, and especially functional disorders of myofascial substrate. The goal was to determine whether and to what extent can be the pain relieved, through selected therapeutic methods (soft tissue techniques, mobili...

Le début du ive s. av. J.-C. dans l’espace culturel sénonais : les habitats de Bois d’Echalas à Ville-Saint-Jacques et de Beauchamp à Varennes-sur-Seine (Seine-et-Marne dans le contexte de l’interfluve Seine-Yonne The beginning of the 4th century BC in the the cultural space of the 'Sénonais': the settlements of Bois d’Echalas at Ville-Saint-Jacques and Beauchamp at Varennes-sur-Seine (Seine-et-Marne in the context of the land separating the Seine and the Yonne

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jean-Marc Séguier

2008-04-01

Full Text Available L’étude de deux habitats du début du ive s. av. J.-C. installés à proximité de la confluence Seine-Yonne permet de définir le faciès mobilier de cette partie du Bassin parisien au cours de La Tène B1a, notamment grâce à l’association d’un important cortège de céramiques locales et importées et d’un mobilier métallique significatif. L’analyse des structures de conservation et du mobilier conduit à établir une hiérarchie des établissements. Celui de Ville-Saint-Jacques, Bois d’Echalas, occupe une place prééminente dans le système social mis en place dans la région considérée, alors que celui de Varennes-sur-Seine, Beauchamp, se révèle d’un niveau inférieur. Au-delà de la comparaison entre les deux sites, c’est une lecture socio-économique de l’organisation territoriale qui est proposée.The study of two settlements of the beginning of the 4th century BC near the confluence of the Seine and the Yonne enables us to define the movable culture of this part of the Paris basin during La Tène B1a, notably because of the association of an important series of local and imported ceramics and significant metal articles. The analysis of the structures of conservation and of furniture lead to the establishment of a hierachy of settlements. That of Ville-Saint-Jacques, Bois d’Echalas, occupied a prominent place in the social system set up in the region in question, whereas that of Varennes-sur-Seine, Beauchamp, proved to be of a lower level. Beyond the comparison between the two sites, what is presented is a socio-economic lecture on territorial organisation.

Caracterización microbiológica del pulque y cuantificación de su contenido de etanol mediante espectroscopia Raman

OpenAIRE

Cervantes-Contreras, M.; Pedroza, A. M

2008-01-01

En este trabajo se llevo a cabo un estudio microbiológico del pulque, una bebida tradicional alcohólica mexicana, para cuatro diferentes tiempos de fermentación. Estudiamos las diferentes poblaciones de Saccharomyces sp, Zymomonas sp y Leunocostoc sp y evaluamos las diferentes concentraciones de azucares, proteínas y etanol. Se presenta un método de análisis simple y exacto para la determinación del contenido de alcohol en el pulque, basado en espectroscopia Raman. In this work a microbiol...

Interventions de recherche rapides de l'International Crisis Group - s ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Au cours des derniers mois, des centaines de milliers de citoyens en Algérie, au Maroc et en Tunisie se sont mobilisés pour exiger une plus grande responsabilité et légitimité du gouvernement. Les gens ont manifesté dans les rues, souvent au péril de leur vie, pour exiger la démission de dirigeants de régimes autoritaires.

Vehicle Mobility Assessment for Project Wheels Study Group

Science.gov (United States)

1972-07-01

cash savings p’Asible through the elimination of special military automotive features, such as front-wheel 1 Idrive , or the use of commercial vehicles...E12. (12) off-,,,d mobiliY profile 4x4 0ruck, c 2Z4< 20 ,ernn It Iot "- III IIIII III I I I IIII A%. West Germany 0A * s ps ArizonazD • Ř’.. • D

Bewertung des Aufbaus einer Ladeinfrastruktur für eine Redox-Flow-Batteriebasierte Elektromobilität

OpenAIRE

Funke, Simon Árpád; Wietschel, Martin

2012-01-01

Eine Erreichung ambitionierter internationaler Klimaziele ist bei wachsendem Mobiliätsbedarf ohne Elektromobilität nicht möglich. Elektromobilität in Verbindung mit regenerativen Energien wird als wichtiger Baustein zur Reduktion der Treibhausgasemissionen angesehen. Gleichzeitig ist die Verbreitung von Elektrofahrzeugen gering, da diese gegenüber Verbrennungsfahrzeugen mit Einschränkungen verbunden sind. Neben den Anschaffungsausgaben stehen lange Ladezeiten und eine beschränkte Reichweite d...

TRANÇADO: COMPUTATIONAL DESIGN THINKING APPLIED TO A URBAN FURNITURE PROJECT

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Dyego Digiandomenico

2017-11-01

Full Text Available Este trabalho apresenta a pesquisa, projeto e construção do mobiliário urbano Trançado, localizado no Largo da Batata, um espaço público na cidade de São Paulo. O artigo discute o desenvolvimento do algoritmo, os parâmetros, a performance do projeto e o uso das tecnologias de prototipagem rápida e da fabricação digital para a análise do modelo e das técnicas construtivas, assim como descreve detalhes da execução e instalação final. Oferece também dados da pesquisa de pós-ocupação, assim como discute a relação entre o projeto do mobiliário e seu uso real, visto que participaram do processo agentes de diferentes áreas, como profissionais, organizações e sociedade civil. A pesquisa contribui ao relatar e discutir a qualidade do processo aplicado, não se concentrando apenas em analisar o resultado do objeto arquitetônico, mas produzir insumos para a reflexão e avanço da aplicação dos recursos computacionais no processo de projeto em arquitetura e design.

La gestion de l'eau et des déchets améliore la santé au Cameroun ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

5 déc. 2011 ... L'équipe a conçu des récipients pour la conservation de l'eau qui réduisent la contamination, étendu le système municipal d'alimentation en eau potable, organisé la collecte locale des déchets solides, construit des latrines non polluantes et aménagé des voies piétonnes. Elle a aussi mobilisé la ...

Digital Marketing

OpenAIRE

Stefano Pace; Margherita Pagani; Silvia Vianello

2011-01-01

Lo sviluppo di nuove modalità di commercio elettronico via web, le nuove piattaforme di Tv digitale interattiva (t-commerce) e le applicazioni mobili (m-commerce) hanno suscitato rilevante attenzione allo studio del comportamento del consumatore nei nuovi contesti digitali. Per le aziende è rilevante comprendere i fattori che influenzano l’intenzione di acquisto e adozione dei beni e servizi online da parte dei consumatori e il comportamento di fruizione delle singole piattaforme digitali...

Reconstruction après le tsunami dans un contexte de guerre | Page ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Le 26 décembre 2004, un tsunami a ravagé la majeure partie des régions côtières de la province d'Aceh, en Indonésie, ainsi que les côtes est et sud du Sri Lanka. La communauté internationale s'est mobilisée massivement pour secourir les populations en détresse et a acheminé une aide considérable aux zones ...

Evaluation of ethanol production from pito mash using Zymomonas ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Joseph Asankomah Bentil

technology for the conversion of lignocelluloses to bioethanol should be decided on the basis of overall economics (lowest cost), environmental (pollutants), and energy (higher efficiencies). Many investigations have been performed on the appropriate technology for the conversion of the lignocellulosic to ethanol as well as.

Strumenti Urbani. Tecnologie mobili come dispositivi di improvvisazione corporea

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Elena Biserna

2013-06-01

Full Text Available Dal Walkman ai lettori MP3, negli ultimi decenni le tecnologie audio portatili sono prepotentemente entrate in abitudini e rituali quotidiani, assumendo un ruolo sostanziale nella cultura uditiva e urbana ma anche, e soprattutto, nelle nostre modalità di attraversare gli spazi. L’uso di questi objets nomades (Attali 1977 interviene non solo sulle forme di consumo musicale, ma anche sul rapporto con lo spazio, con il contesto attraversato

Mobiliųjų telefonų vartotojų elgsena

OpenAIRE

Adomavičienė, Dinara; Kungytė, Viktorija

2010-01-01

Mobile phone manufacturers supply the market with a large range of mobile phones with their evolving functions, offering consumers a range of discounts and convenient ways to purchase. The article aims to explore what manufacturers of mobile phone choose today's consumers. What are the most used functions of the mobile phones? Do the financial potential of the consumers have the impact on the price of the mobile phone? The objective of the study is to reveal the behaviour of the consumers whe...

Análise da carga de trabalho de analistas de sistemas e dos distúrbios osteomusculares

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Bruno Maia de Guimarães

Full Text Available OBJETIVOS: O objetivo desta pesquisa foi realizar avaliação das condições ergonômicas de analistas de sistemas, com a finalidade de conhecer os fatores geradores de sobrecargas físicas e cognitivas, suas repercussões sobre os trabalhadores e propor melhorias para a diminuição dessas sobrecargas. METODOLOGIA: Foram utilizados o método SHTM (sistema homem-tarefa-máquina de avaliação ergonômica; o diagrama de Corlett, para a avaliação do desconforto corporal; o questionário de avaliação do mobiliário; e o NASA-TLX, para a avaliação de carga mental de trabalho. RESULTADOS: Foram encontradas as prevalências de dor na coluna lombar (71% e na coluna cervical (64% dos entrevistados. Após a avaliação da carga mental de trabalho, foi observado que a demanda mental foi a mais exigida entre os analistas de sistemas e a média da carga global foi de 13,23. CONCLUSÃO: Pode-se concluir que a alta prevalência de dor musculoesquelética pode ser causada pela presença de mobiliário inadequado, pela adoção de posturas incorretas e pela alta exigência mental das atividades desenvolvidas.

Process Improvements to Biomass Pretreatment of Fuels and Chemicals

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Teymouri, Farzaneh [Michigan Biotechnology Inst., Lansing, MI (United States)

2015-05-30

demonstrated; >94% ammonia recovery, >75% sugar yields at high solid loading, and complete utilization of the sugars for ethanol production at the 2500 liter scale. Fermentation tests were performed using Zymomonas mobilis 8b and densified AFEX-treated corn stover at >20% solid loading. The obtained titer (~60g/l), productivity (2.5 g/L-h), and yield (330 L/tonne of biomass) exceeded the performance targets set out by NREL. The key findings from these efforts are: no contamination was observed, no cleanup of the sugar stream was required, and no major nutrient addition was required. Our economic model shows that using a packed bed design for the AFEX process and pelleted AFEX-treated biomass reduces the ethanol production cost by 24% when compared to using the traditional AFEX design.

Proceso de internacionalización de la fábrica Ecuamueble

OpenAIRE

Carrera Crespo, Timoleon

2010-01-01

El presente estudio analiza la forma en que una empresa o industria nacional, en este caso una fábrica de muebles metálicos, que maneja una amplia cobertura nacional, y que posee una muy buena capacidad instalada que esta subutilizada debido a que el mercado nacional está en buena parte ya atendido, pueda llegar a internacionalizarse, encontrando mercados en países extranjeros que brinden las facilidades necesarias para el efecto y que además sean potenciales mercados para este tipo de mobili...

La psychologie du comportement de Pierre Naville (1904-1993).

OpenAIRE

Carbonel , Frédéric

2012-01-01

working paper ; preprint non référencé; Acquis au marxisme dès 1925, militant trotskiste depuis 1928, Pierre Naville est mobilisé en septembre 1939 comme simple caporal au train des Equipages sur Paris puis au secrétariat du cabinet Daladier au tout début de la " drôle de guerre ". On oublie trop souvent l'œuvre critique de Pierre Naville en matière de psychologie essentiellement développée entre 1942 et 1945.

Hypsipyla grandella em Mogno (Swietenia macrophylla): Situação Atual e Perspectivas Hypsipyla grandella in Mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla): Current Situation and Perspectives

OpenAIRE

Alexandre Mehl Lunz; Marcílio José Thomazini Thomazini; Maria Carolina Blassioli Moraes; Edinelson José Maciel Neves; Telma Fátima Coelho Batista; Juliana Degenhardt; Lindáurea Alves de Sousa; Orlando Shigueo Ohashi

2010-01-01

A madeira de mogno, Swietenia macrophylla King, é valorizada no mercado internacional por sua beleza e durabilidade para fins nobres, como mobiliários e decoração. Quaisquer tentativas de plantios comerciais dessa espécie de modo a reduzir a pressão exercida pela sua exploração seletiva invariavelmente fracassam devido à incidência da broca do ponteiro do mogno, Hypsipyla grandella (Zeller). Embora alguns trabalhos tenham obtido relativo sucesso em apresentar técnicas de controle sob...

Meccanica razionale

CERN Document Server

Finzi, Bruno

1955-01-01

Introduzione ; teorie introduttive ; calcolo vettoriale ; calcolo tensoriale ; cinematica : punti e sistemi mobili, spostamento, movimento, velocità, accelerazione, cinematica relativistica ; statica : nozioni preliminari e statica del punto, statica dei corpi rigidi, statica dei sistemi deformabili, principio dei lavori virtuali dinamica fisica : concetti e leggi fondamentali, azioni e caratteristiche meccaniche, meccanica relativa, meccanica relativistica, dimensioni e unità di misura delle quantità meccaniche ; calcolo del movimento : dinamica del punto materiale, dinamica del corpo rigido, dinamica dei sistemi, dinamica dei continui deformabili, dinamica impulsiva, meccanica statistica.

Link2U: un social network aumentato su dispositivi mobili

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Monica Sebillo

2012-04-01

Full Text Available Negli ultimi anni il connubio mobile entertainment e social network ha attirato un notevole interesse da parte dispecifici settori che, nonostante le criticità del momento, hanno deciso di investire nella realizzazione di ambienti esoluzioni di intrattenimento/divertimento, un fattore chiave alla base del miglioramento della tecnologia.Link2U: augmenting social networks on mobile devicesNowadays, modern mobile devices have become real person-al  computers  that  increase  the  ability  of  building/extending existing applications by combining several technologies such as camera, GPS, 3D graphics and permanent Internet connec-tion. The  resulting  integration  of  such  technologies  allows  to  run complex  applications,  such  as  augmented  reality  and  Social Networks. The goal of our current research is to support mobile users’ daily activities, by developing advanced solutions which take into account principles of human-computer interac-tion and usability. In this paper we propose to exploit the potential of the aug-mented reality and the ability to communicate of social net-works to create a mobile social network, where each commu-nity user may exploit advanced location based services, such as navigation through a two dimensional map, exploration of an area through a camera mode, and identification of points of interest embedded in an augmented reality environment.

Link2U: un social network aumentato su dispositivi mobili

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Monica Sebillo

2012-04-01

Full Text Available Negli ultimi anni il connubio mobile entertainment e social network ha attirato un notevole interesse da parte dispecifici settori che, nonostante le criticità del momento, hanno deciso di investire nella realizzazione di ambienti esoluzioni di intrattenimento/divertimento, un fattore chiave alla base del miglioramento della tecnologia. Link2U: augmenting social networks on mobile devices Nowadays, modern mobile devices have become real person-al  computers  that  increase  the  ability  of  building/extending existing applications by combining several technologies such as camera, GPS, 3D graphics and permanent Internet connec-tion. The  resulting  integration  of  such  technologies  allows  to  run complex  applications,  such  as  augmented  reality  and  Social Networks. The goal of our current research is to support mobile users’ daily activities, by developing advanced solutions which take into account principles of human-computer interac-tion and usability. In this paper we propose to exploit the potential of the aug-mented reality and the ability to communicate of social net-works to create a mobile social network, where each commu-nity user may exploit advanced location based services, such as navigation through a two dimensional map, exploration of an area through a camera mode, and identification of points of interest embedded in an augmented reality environment.

The mobilies of chiral molecular cluster ions in He gas

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Saito, Kazuyuki; Matoba, Shiro; Koizumi, Tetsuo; Kojima, Takao M; Tanuma, Hajime; Shiromaru, Haruo

2012-01-01

We measured the mobilities of Li + -(2-butanol) and Li + -(limonene) ions in He gas at room temperature using a drift tube mass spectrometer. The zero field mobilities of Li + -(2-Butanol) and Li + -(Limonene) were much lower than the polarization limit, indicating that the geometric collision cross-sections between the cluster ions and He atom were larger than the cross-sections predicted by the presence of a polarization force alone.

De la mutualisation à la coopération. : Élaboration d’un référentiel de connaissances en santé au travail.

OpenAIRE

Masse , Max; Madec , Laurent

2015-01-01

International audience; Dans le cadre de la rationalisation de l’appareil de formation initiale de ses 150 écoles de service public, le Ministère de la fonction publique française a mobilisé des professionnels issus de ces écoles pour engager des travaux de mutualisation pédagogique à travers la conception de référentiels de compétences-formation. Nous montrerons que cette mutualisation n’a permis de ne constituer que des référentiels de connaissances potentiellement actionnables (Penalva) po...

A indústria de fundos de investimento: o poder regulamentar como garantia ao investidor e a responsabilidade civil do administrador de fundos

OpenAIRE

Morone, José Oswaldo Fernandes Caldas

2007-01-01

A Indústria de Fundos de Investimento , de forma concisa e objetiva, analisa os fundos de investimento regulados pela Comissão de Valores Mobiliários, identificando os principais aspectos de gestão, administração e governança corporativa deste segmento tão importante do Sistema Financeiro Nacional, concomitantemente à indispensável proteção do pequeno investidor e da responsabilidade do administrador. Os fundos de investimento, na sua aparente simplicidade, são dos fenômenos mais complexos...

Utilização Potencial do Lenho de Acacia melanoxylon: a Crescer em Povoamentos Puros ou Mistos com Pinus pinaster - pela Indústria Florestal Portuguesa

OpenAIRE

Santos, António; Teixeira, Andreia; Anjos, Ofélia; Simões, Rogério; Nunes, Lina; Machado, José S.; Tavares, Mário

2007-01-01

A Acacia melanoxylon R. Br. (acácia-austrália ou austrália) cresce bem em Portugal, em povoamentos puros ou mistos com Pinus pinaster Aiton, ainda que apresente fortes constrangimentos ecológicos e legais. Apesar de algumas dificuldades, por exemplo na secagem, a madeira de austrália é usada em mobiliário e produtos manufacturados devido, principalmente, à sua textura e cor escura. Pode também ser usada para pasta, sendo plantada em muitos países com esse propósito juntamente com Acacia mangi...

Discours performatifs et constructions politiques de l’identité ethnique : restructuration des rapports entre minorités et pouvoirs publics au Mexique, le cas totonaque.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Nicolas Ellison

2005-02-01

Full Text Available Le propos de cet exposé est de montrer, à partir de l’étude de terrain concernant le mouvement ethnico-écologique des Indiens totonaques (Mexique central, comment la référence au conflit du Chiapas et l’appropriation des discours sur les droits indigènes et le développement durable sont mobilisés par les organisations indiennes, l’Eglise et les partis politiques pour redéfinir la relation entre les minorités et les pouvoirs publics.

Le temple-mémorial de Château-Thierry : approche monographique

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Aline Magnien

2005-09-01

Full Text Available Le temple-mémorial de Château-Thierry, inauguré en 1924 est réalisé par deux architectes : Paul-Philippe Cret et Achille-Henri Chauquet, L’édifice est décoré d’un vitrail-tableau intitulé La Fayette nous voilà ! représentant La Fayette accueillant le général Pershing et de verrières ornées de scènes tirées des Paraboles de l’artiste suisse Eugène Burnand par son fils David Burnand. La chaire et le mobilier ont été offerts par des paroisses américaines en souvenir des soldats tombés au front. Par son architecture, son mobilier et les circonstances de la commande, le temple de Château-Thierry méritait une étude.The American memorial church of Château-Thierry, dedicated in 1924 has been built by two architects, Paul-Philippe Cret and Achille-Henri Chauquet. The church is adorned by a stained glass church window showing La Fayette welcoming Pershing and by some others stained glasses representing parables by David Burnand from sketches of his father Eugène Burnand. American churches supplied the pulpit and other furniture to adorn the building in memory of the soldiers died in the battle front. By its architecture, its furniture and the circumstances of its edification, the memorial church of Château-Thierry deserves a study

Bolivie

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jean-François Luneau

2012-02-01

Full Text Available A la demande de l’Ambassade de France à La Paz, deux missions ont été effectuées en Bolivie en 1995 et 1996 afin de participer, avec le Centre national de catalogage du patrimoine artistique, à la création d’une base de données sur le mobilier. Cette opération est rendue nécessaire pour tenter d’enrayer la sortie de nombreux objets d’art du territoire national, dont certains proviennent de vols commis dans les églises rurales. Pas moins de 11 000 fiches sur les objets mobiliers ont été remplies par les enquêteurs. Le projet a bénéficié de l’aide de l’Organisation des Etats Américains dès la fin des années 1970, puis de celle de l’Unesco dans les années 1980.In response to a request by the French Embassy in La Paz, two consultancy services were commissioned in Bolivia in 1995 and 1996 in order to set up a database for the National centre of registration for the movable heritage. This had become necessary in order to put a stop to the numbers of works of art leaving the country, many of which had been stolen from rural churches. No fewer than 11 000 notices have been completed by investigators. This programme was supported by the American states organisation as early as the late 1970s, and then by Unesco in the 1980s.

Effects of iron-reducing bacteria and nitrate-reducing bacteria on the transformations of iron corrosion products, magnetite and siderite, formed at the surface of non-alloy steel

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Etique, Marjorie

2014-01-01

Radioactive waste is one of the major problems facing the nuclear industry. To circumvent this issue France plans to store vitrified high-level nuclear waste in a stainless steel container, placed into a non-alloy steel overpack, at a depth of 500 m in an argillaceous formation. The main iron corrosion products formed at the surface of the non-alloy steel are siderite (Fe II CO 3 ) and magnetite (Fe II Fe III 2 O 4 ). These compounds are formed in the anoxic conditions present in the nuclear waste repository and play a protective role against corrosion as a passive layer. This work aims to investigate the activity of nitrate-reducing bacteria (NRB, Klebsiella mobilis) and iron-reducing bacteria (IRB, Shewanella putrefaciens) during the transformation of siderite and magnetite, especially those involved in anoxic iron biogeochemical cycle. Klebsiella mobilis and Shewanella putrefaciens were first incubated with siderite or magnetite suspensions (high surface specific area) in order to exacerbate the microbial iron transformation, subsequently incubated with a magnetite/siderite film synthesized by anodic polarization at applied current density. The transformation of siderite and magnetite by direct or indirect microbial processes led to the formation of carbonated green rust (Fe II 4 Fe III 2 (OH) 12 CO 3 ). As a transient phase shared by several bacterial reactions involving Fe II and Fe III , this compound is the cornerstone of the anoxic iron biogeochemical cycle. The novelty of this thesis is the consideration of bacterial metabolisms of NRB and IRB often overlooked in bio-corrosion processes. (author) [fr

Les activités communicatives des tuteurs en psychologie du développement et en pratiques à l’université

OpenAIRE

Olry-Louis, Isabelle

2011-01-01

Cet article vise à faire le point sur les activités communicatives déployées par les tuteurs en articulant la littérature propre à la psychologie du développement et celle qui décrit les pratiques d’accompagnement des nouveaux étudiants à l’université. Centré sur l’examen des processus langagiers, cognitifs et socio-affectifs mobilisés, l’article souligne les écarts entre le tutorat tel qu’il est étudié et tel qu’il est mis en pratique. Il conclut en proposant quelques pistes d’amélioration d...

LA MEDITERRANEE DANS LES RELATIONS INTERNATIONALES DU XXE SIECLE

OpenAIRE

Lejeune , Dominique

2010-01-01

DEUG; Le monde est jugé dangereux et on voit resurgir les " ennemis héréditaires " ou des adversaires potentiels qui s'y substituent. De plus, l'expansion économique européenne provoque l'impatience d'ascension sociale, et la guerre va pouvoir libérer des énergies en 1914. Les ouvrages de guerre-fiction sont beaucoup plus nombreux après 1905 qu'auparavant ; la guerre est toujours présentée comme devant être courte, à cause de l'importance du nombre des mobilisés et du modernisme du matériel. ...

Google Scholar, Google Print ... un nouvel entrant pour la diffusion de la recherche.

OpenAIRE

Ertzscheid, Olivier

2005-01-01

La diffusion des résultats de la recherche scientifique est un enjeu majeur pour l'économie et au-delà la société de la connaissance. Plusieurs nouveaux entrants bouleversent actuellement la carte des acteurs en ce domaine. Cet article propose une analyse des motivations, du positionnement et des enjeux mobilisés par l'arrivée de Google sur ce marché. Nous situons d'abord les effets de cette entrée sur l'évaluation de la recherche, et précisons comment se mettent en place de nouvelles pratiqu...

Descobrir, explorar, apropriar: o design de interiores como elemento valorizador da arquitectura - um exemplo prático

OpenAIRE

Miranda, Ana

2013-01-01

A arquitectura de interiores, o design de interiores e decoração de interiores podem ser entendidos como manifestações de uma mesma arte, manifestações estas variando apenas na escala e na profundidade da intervenção, da edificação de paredes novas, à construção do mobiliário ou à edificação de revestimentos. Reconhecendo que estas manifestações da mesma arte têm em comum o facto de projectarem para o ser humano, é importante que a sociedade entenda o designer de interiores, como complemen...

Pollution durable des sols par la chlordécone aux Antilles : comment la gérer ?

OpenAIRE

Cabidoche, Yves-Marie; Lesueur-Jannoyer, Magali

2011-01-01

La chlordécone, insecticide organochloré de synthèse, était utilisée dans les bananeraies antillaises avant 1993. Pourtant, elle contamine encore les ressources en eau, certaines denrées, et des organismes aquatiques. Très tôt, la recherche agronomique s’est mobilisée pour répondre aux questions posées pour la gestion de cette crise : Où sont les sols pollués? Est-ce une pollution durable ? La molécule est peu mobile. Des cartes de risques, fondées sur leur occupation rétrospective en bananer...

Protein sequences and redox titrations indicate that the electron acceptors in reaction centers from heliobacteria are similar to Photosystem I

Science.gov (United States)

Trost, J. T.; Brune, D. C.; Blankenship, R. E.

1992-01-01

Photosynthetic reaction centers isolated from Heliobacillus mobilis exhibit a single major protein on SDS-PAGE of 47 000 Mr. Attempts to sequence the reaction center polypeptide indicated that the N-terminus is blocked. After enzymatic and chemical cleavage, four peptide fragments were sequenced from the Heliobacillus mobilis apoprotein. Only one of these sequences showed significant specific similarity to any of the protein and deduced protein sequences in the GenBank data base. This fragment is identical with 56% of the residues, including both cysteines, found in highly conserved region that is proposed to bind iron-sulfur center Fx in the Photosystem I reaction center peptide that is the psaB gene product. The similarity to the psaA gene product in this region is 48%. Redox titrations of laser-flash-induced photobleaching with millisecond decay kinetics on isolated reaction centers from Heliobacterium gestii indicate a midpoint potential of -414 mV with n = 2 titration behavior. In membranes, the behavior is intermediate between n = 1 and n = 2, and the apparent midpoint potential is -444 mV. This is compared to the behavior in Photosystem I, where the intermediate electron acceptor A1, thought to be a phylloquinone molecule, has been proposed to undergo a double reduction at low redox potentials in the presence of viologen redox mediators. These results strongly suggest that the acceptor side electron transfer system in reaction centers from heliobacteria is indeed analogous to that found in Photosystem I. The sequence similarities indicate that the divergence of the heliobacteria from the Photosystem I line occurred before the gene duplication and subsequent divergence that lead to the heterodimeric protein core of the Photosystem I reaction center.

Fast coliform detection in portable microbe enrichment unit (PMEU) with Colilert(®) medium and bubbling.

Science.gov (United States)

Hakalehto, Elias; Heitto, Anneli; Heitto, Lauri

2013-09-01

Laboratory strains of coliforms Escherichia coli and Klebsiella mobilis were used to artificially contaminate water samples in two different cultivation and detection systems, without and with bubble flow. Samples were collected with an automated system (ASCS). The positive coliform signal caused the color change into yellow (at 550-570nm). This signal could also be transmitted on-line to cell phones. E. coli containing samples emitted UV fluorescence at 480-560nm when activated by UV light. If cultivation was started with inocula varying from 10,000 to 1cfu/ml, the positive detection was obtained between 2 and 18h, respectively, in Colilert medium using Coline PMEU device without gas bubbling. Accordingly, a single K. mobilis cell produced detectable growth in 18h. Various clinical E. coli strains were compared to each other with equal inoculum sizes, and they showed slight variations in the initiation and speed of growth. The gas bubble flow in PMEU Spectrion promoted the mixing and interaction of bacteria and indicator media and speeded the onset of growth. Carbon dioxide also accelerated bacterial growth. In the presence of vancomycin, the onset of E. coli culture growth was speeded up by the volatile outlet flow from previous cultures. In the last cultivation syringe in a series of five, the lag phase disappeared and the growth of the inoculum continued without major interruption. the stimulation of the cultures by the gas flow turned out to be a useful means for improving the detection of indicator bacteria. It could also be used in combination with antibiotic selection in the broth medium. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

La città come teatro / The City as a Theather

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jonathan Kirschenfeld

2014-05-01

Full Text Available Il lavoro di progettazione del nostro ufficio nel corso degli ultimi 15 anni comprende social housing, piscine pubbliche e progetti di teatri. Questi progetti apparentemente distanti condividono un filo comune che attraversa la loro forma concettuale se non fisica: il concetto di “stanza urbana” come teatro. In ogni caso, sia che si tratti di una piscina, di un teatro o di un’abitazione, mobili o adattabili a diversi siti, nel corso di questi progetti sono privilegiati gli spazi cosiddetti di “impegno sociale”. Queste stanze urbane, nelle parole di Aldo Rossi, agiscono per approntare la scena per il teatro della vita quotidiana.

Flux d'énergie dans des systèmes d'élevage laitiers contrastés : élaboration d'indicateurs et analyse de la diversité inter et intra-territoire

OpenAIRE

Vigne, Mathieu

2012-01-01

Le doublement futur de la demande mondiale en produits laitiers nécessite de concevoir des systèmes plus productifs mais également écologiquement plus durables. Les objectifs de la thèse étaient i) d'évaluer l'intérêt de la prise en compte de l'ensemble des énergies mobilisées dans un système d'élevage (énergie fossile, énergie calorifique contenue dans les produits, énergie liée au travail humain et animal et énergie solaire) à travers des méthodes existantes ou originales pour développer de...

Le genre, variable centrale de la violence sociale ?

OpenAIRE

Ayral , Sylvie; Raibaud , Yves

2010-01-01

Le but de cet article n'est pas de savoir si le genre est une variable centrale de la violence sociale mais comment cette hypothèse (qui induit la possibilité d'un changement social) est réfutée et quelles connaissances sont mobilisées à cet effet. Il s'agit d'identifier les modèles récurrents mis en œuvre par les « membres » (par exemple la communauté scientifique des sciences humaines et sociales) lorsqu'ils.elles examinent le sens de ces modèles par l'observation de « ce que les gens font ...

Etienne Hofmann, Une erreur judiciaire oubliée : L’Affaire Wilfrid Regnault (1817-1818

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jean-Claude Farcy

2009-12-01

Full Text Available Cet ouvrage, remarquable par son érudition, livre au lecteur l’ensemble de la documentation disponible sur une erreur judiciaire peu connue, ne figurant pas dans les recueils consacrés à ce genre très particulier d’affaires judiciaires – sans doute parce que l’erreur n’a pas été légalement reconnue – et qui pourtant présente nombre des caractéristiques d’une « grande cause » avec l’intervention passionnée et très argumentée, en 1817, d’un écrivain - Benjamin Constant – dont les écrits mobilis...

An atlas of classification. Signage between open shelves, the Web and the catalogue

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Andrea Fabbrizzi

2014-05-01

Questa segnaletica è fondata sulla comunicazione cross-mediale, e integra le modalità comunicative della biblioteca a vari livelli, sia nel contesto dello stesso medium, sia tra media diversi: tra i cartelli sulle testate degli scaffali, tra questi cartelli e il sito web della biblioteca, tra il sito web e il catalogo. Per questo sistema integrato sono particolarmente adatti i dispositivi mobili come i tablet e gli smartphone, perché danno la possibilità di accedere al Web mentre ci si muove tra gli scaffali. Il collegamento diretto tra gli scaffali aperti classificati e il catalogo è reso possibile dai codici QR stampati sui cartelli.

« Questions de Sciences, Enjeux Citoyens » : à la recherche de l’expression citoyenne

OpenAIRE

Blémus, Nicolas

2011-01-01

Mis en place en Île-de-France en 2009, le dispositif « Questions de Sciences, Enjeux Citoyens » permet à la population, toutes catégories sociales confondues, de débattre sur les enjeux de société liés à la recherche et à la technologie : le responsable du projet revient sur la méthodologie et les protocoles développés, les savoir-faire mobilisés et dresse un premier bilan de l’opération. Set up in the ‘Île de France’ (Paris region) in 2009, the programme Questions on Sciences, Citizen sta...

Mirepoix – Les Olivettes

OpenAIRE

Guédon, Frédéric

2016-01-01

Un projet de clinique vétérinaire, à l’ouest de Mirepoix, a entraîné ce diagnostic archéologique. Il ressort qu’une cuvette naturelle a été comblée par un niveau de colluvions riche en mobilier archéologique antique (de l’amphore surtout) couvrant une large période. Ce niveau scelle de rares structures en creux (une fosse et deux fossés). Le projet est donc en périphérie d’un site d’habitat, que l’on peut supposer être au sud ou à l’est de l’emprise.

Art et comportements symboliques au Paléolithique : quelques points de vue actuels

OpenAIRE

Paillet, Patrick

2015-01-01

Du temps de la reconnaissance à l'archéologie des grottes ornées Édouard Lartet et Édouard Piette principalement ont marqué le XIX ème siècle par leurs extraordi-naires découvertes d'art mobilier et leurs efforts pour les faire reconnaître par la communauté scien-tifique alors placée sous l'autorité dogmatique de Gabriel de Mortillet et d'Émile Cartailhac. Ils ont aussi oeuvré, non sans mal, pour en faire admettre l'antiquité et l'authenticité. Une grande partie du XX ème siècle fut celle des...

Le détour, la pause et l'optimalité. Essai sur la distance et ses apports au transport et à l'urbanisme

OpenAIRE

L'HOSTIS, Alain

2014-01-01

La distance est un élément central pour la compréhension et pour l'action sur la ville et les territoires dans leurs liens avec les transports. Pourtant la distance n'a pas été considérée dans toutes ses potentialités dans les disciplines qui abordent la spatialité, c'est-à-dire la géographie, l'économie, la psychologie et la sociologie, et qui constituent les principaux gisements de savoirs académiques mobilisés par les spécialistes de l'urbanisme, de l'aménagement et des transports. L'inves...

Les processus spatio-temporels: quelques notions et concepts préalables à leur représentation

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jean-Paul Cheylan

2007-09-01

Full Text Available Les approches conjointes de l’espace et du temps, notamment en cartographie animée, supposent un ré examen de quelques notions et concepts mobilisés. Trois concepts, vie, mouvement et généalogie, sont proposés et explicités. Les requêtes susceptibles d'être adressées aux bases de données spatio-temporelles sont abordées à l’aide d’une proposition de classification. Sont enfin explorées quelques problèmes, pistes et exemples de représentations animées conjointes du temps et de l’espace, illustrant les principaux concepts abordés.

Determinação dos multiplicadores da matriz de contabilidade social, da indústria de base florestal paranaense - 1998

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ricardo Kureski

2006-12-01

Full Text Available Este artigo tem como objetivo mensurar o impacto do aumento da demanda final da indústria de base florestal. Como instrumento de análise utiliza-se a matriz de contabilidade social do Estado do Paraná de 1998. Foi necessário calcular o multiplicares da matriz. Os efeitos de uma injeção nas variáveis exógenas sobre os segmentos de Madeira e Mobiliário e de Papel e Papelão resultaram em choques de demanda mais intensos dentro do próprio setor. Observa-se que o ramo de Madeira e Mobiliário tem maiores ligações com as atividades relativas ao setor terciário; já o segmento de Papel e Papelão, com atividades que necessitam embalagem. Conclui-se que, apesar da agregação das atividades econômicas da matriz de contabilidade social paranaense, foi possível identificar os principais impactos decorrentes do aumento da demanda final.The present article aims at measuring the final demand impact on the forest-based industry by using the 1998 State of Paraná social accounting matrix as the analysis tool. We also had to calculate the matrix multipliers. The increased effects of exogenous activity on the Wood/Furniture and Paper/Pulp activities brought a more intense demand shock to that sector. We noticed that the Wood and Furniture activity is mostly connected with the tertiary sector activities, while the Paper and Pulp activity is mostly connected with activities that need packing. Finally, we could identify the main impacts originated by an increased final demand in spite of the reduction in the number of Paraná Social Accounting Matrix economic activities.

Adrien Dubois, La violence des femmes en Normandie à la fin du Moyen Âge, Société parisienne d’histoire et d’archéologie normandes, coll. Cahiers Léopole Delisle, 2005-2006, Paris, 2010, 400 p.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Bernard Dauven

2012-05-01

Full Text Available Le but premier de l’ouvrage d’Adrien Dubois, spécialiste de l’histoire de la justice, est de montrer la réalité de violences féminines au Moyen Âge. L’auteur y parvient sans difficulté, ce qui fait de son livre une réussite. Ces violences peuvent dans certains cas être perçues comme légitimes et ne sont pas nécessairement considérées comme « anormales » par les hommes qui rédigent les sources mobilisées par l’auteur. Des femmes, présentes dans l’espace public, frappent, insultent et menacent ...

Dicty_cDB: Contig-U12802-1 [Dicty_cDB

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available cobacter cetorum strain MIT-0... 38 0.23 AF237484_1( AF237484 |pid:none) Dirofilaria immitis intermed...87 ( O97594 ) RecName: Full=Structural maintenance of chromosomes pro... 36 0.87 U00680_1( U00680 |pid:none) Brugia malayi intermed...1305( CP000879 |pid:none) Petrotoga mobilis SJ95, complet... 38 0.30 (Q9BZF9) RecName: Full=Uveal autoantigen with coiled...ns BAC clone RP11-764E7 from 2, complet... 34 0.79 6 ( FK620261 ) 454GmaGlobSeed354893 Soybean Seed...ditis elegans clone Y71H2X, *** SEQUENCI... 38 4.5 7 ( AC146972 ) Medicago truncatula clone mth2-128d9, compl

Présentation du dossier

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

2007-02-01

Full Text Available Les textes rassemblés dans ce dossier proviennent de la première Journée d’étude organisée par le groupe COnTEXTES, le 28 mars 2006 à l’Université de Liège. Le choix d’aborder une telle problématique a été guidé par le constat d’un décalage générationnel : tandis que la critique idéologique a mobilisé la plupart des consciences théoriques attentives aux forces sociales qui traversent le littéraire (Louis Althusser, Marc Angenot, Philippe Hamon, parmi d’autres, le concept d’idéologie semble a...

Compte rendu de Viala (Alain, La France galante. Essai historique sur une catégorie culturelle, de ses origines jusqu’à la révolution, Paris, PUF, coll. « Les Littéraires », 2008, 541 p.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Alexandre De Craim

2009-08-01

Full Text Available Alain Viala, professeur à l’Université d’Oxford, a constaté que le concept de galanterie est souvent mobilisé lorsqu’il s’agit d’évoquer la France ou les Français. Cette association d’idée l’a alors conduit à étudier, au-delà du lieu commun, comment un certain modèle galant s’est construit, a prospéré et enfin a décliné tout au long des xviie et xviiie siècles. Pour y parvenir, l’auteur se propose une méthode : l’exploration des œuvres picturales, musicales et littéraires revendiquées comme g...

La Necropoli de Misincinis Tavagnacco

OpenAIRE

Le Carlier de Veslud, Cécile

2011-01-01

Cette publication est consacrée à l’étude de l’importante nécropole à incinération de Misincinis, située à proximité du village de Paularo, dans la vallée du Chiarso qui entaille les premiers contreforts des Alpes friulanes au nord-est de la plaine du Pô. Datée de l’âge du Fer, elle présente la précieuse particularité d’avoir été entièrement fouillée et d’avoir suscité de nombreuses études sur son mobilier et son environnement. L’ouvrage présenté ici est constitué de trois volumes, le premier...

2011 : Année internationale de la chimie

OpenAIRE

2011-01-01

Lors de la 63e assemblée générale des Nations Unies, 2011 a été proclamée année internationale de la chimie. En France, les acteurs de la chimie sont mobilisés pour promouvoir quatre objectifs : mettre l’accent sur l’importance de la chimie pour un développement durable dans tous les aspects de la vie sur la planète ; accroître chez les jeunes l’intérêt pour la chimie ; susciter l’enthousiasme pour une chimie tournée vers l’avenir ; célébrer les travaux de Marie Curie et la contribution des f...

Bacterial community structure of a full-scale biofilter treating pig house exhaust air

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Kristiansen, Anja; Pedersen, Kristina Hadulla; Nielsen, Per Halkjær

2011-01-01

Biological air filters represent a promising tool for treating emissions of ammonia and odor from pig facilities. Quantitative fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and 16S rRNA gene sequencing were used to investigate the bacterial community structure and diversity in a full-scale biofilter ...... consisting of two consecutive compartments (front and back filter). The analysis revealed a highly specialized bacterial community of limited diversity, dominated by a few groups of Betaproteobacteria (especially Comamonas) and diverse Bacteroidetes. Actinobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria......, and betaproteobacterial ammoniaoxidizers (Nitrosomonas eutropha/Nitrosococcus mobilis-lineage) were also quantitatively important. Only a few quantitative differences existed between the two filter compartments at the group level, with a lower relative abundance of Actinobacteria and a higher relative abundance...

Description of Pseudingolfiella possessionis n. sp. (Crustacea, Amphipoda) from sub-Antarctic Île de La Possession, Crozet archipelago: the second freshwater amphipod known from the Antarctic biome, a human introduction of Gondwanan ancestry?

Science.gov (United States)

Smet, Willem H De

2015-03-31

A new species of freshwater amphipod, Pseudingolfiella possessionis n. sp. (Senticaudata, Pseudingolfiellidae), is described from the submerged moss vegetation of small brooklets at sub-Antarctic Île de La Possession, Crozet archipelago. It constitutes the second freshwater amphipod species known for the sub-Antarctic and Antarctic region, and the fourth member of the genus. The main characters distinguishing it from all congeners are: the spine on the posterior margin of the dactylus, incisor and lamina mobilis of mandible each with 5 teeth, the setation of the maxilliped, the vestigial second article of pleopod 3 in the female, the undulate and laterally notched posterolateral margin of the external ramus of uropods 1 and 2 in the male, the spinulate dorsomedian projection of the telson.

O que o skate pode dizer sobre o ensino de geografia?

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Luciano Hermes da Silva

2014-07-01

Full Text Available Este artigo pretende problematizar a prática do skate de rua como objeto de reflexão no âmbito do ensino de Geografia. Objetiva demonstrar como os skatistas protagonizam a ressignificação da cidade através de usos originais do mobiliário urbano. Trata-se de reforçar o movimento que articula as práticas espaciais dos jovens aos conteúdos e temas tradicionais da Geografia. A partir da referência ao conceito de espaço público, busca-se demonstrar que o recurso às práticas cotidianas da juventude permite problematizar conflitos, relações identitárias e processos relacionados à produção social do espaço.

Usages des technologies par les élèves professeurs : analyse à partir de questionnaires

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Philippe Le Borgne

2005-01-01

Full Text Available Cet article étudie l’appropriation et les usages des technologies chez les élèves professeurs français. La méthodologie utilisée est basée sur l’analyse de réponses à des questionnaires soumis aux professeurs stagiaires de quatre instituts universitaires de formation des maîtres. Les résultats obtenus tendent à prouver que les enseignants en formation sont aujourd’hui bien équipés et disposent de compétences réelles dans le cadre des usages personnels et professionnels en dehors de la classe. Cependant, il apparaît que ces compétences sont peu mobilisées dans le cadre des usages en classe.

The Type 1 Homodimeric Reaction Center in Heliobacterium modesticaldum

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Golbeck, John [Pennsylvania State Univ., University Park, PA (United States)

2018-01-15

In this funding period, we (i) found that strong illumination of Heliobacterium modesticaldum cells results in saturation of the electron acceptor pool, leading to reduction of the acceptor side and the creation of a back-reacting state that gives rise to delayed fluorescence; (ii) noted that when the FX cluster is reduced in purified reaction centers, no electron transfer occurs beyond A0, even though a quinone is present; (iii) observed by photochemically induced dynamic nuclear polarization (photo-CIDNP) studies of whole cells of Heliobacterium mobilis that primary charge separation is retained even after conversion of the majority of BChl g to Chl aF. ; and (iv) purified a homogeneous preparation of reaction center cores, which led to promising crystallization trials to obtain a three-dimensional structure.

The state of autotrophic ethanol production in Cyanobacteria.

Science.gov (United States)

Dexter, J; Armshaw, P; Sheahan, C; Pembroke, J T

2015-07-01

Ethanol production directly from CO2 , utilizing genetically engineered photosynthetic cyanobacteria as a biocatalyst, offers significant potential as a renewable and sustainable source of biofuel. Despite the current absence of a commercially successful production system, significant resources have been deployed to realize this goal. Utilizing the pyruvate decarboxylase from Zymomonas species, metabolically derived pyruvate can be converted to ethanol. This review of both peer-reviewed and patent literature focuses on the genetic modifications utilized for metabolic engineering and the resultant effect on ethanol yield. Gene dosage, induced expression and cassette optimizat-ion have been analyzed to optimize production, with production rates of 0·1-0·5 g L(-1) day(-1) being achieved. The current 'toolbox' of molecular manipulations and future directions focusing on applicability, addressing the primary challenges facing commercialization of cyanobacterial technologies are discussed. © 2015 The Society for Applied Microbiology.

Les objets mobiliers des XIXe et XXe siècles : les sources

OpenAIRE

Finance, Laurence de

2012-01-01

L’étude scientifique de tout objet ne peut se concevoir sans une recherche dans les sources documentaires. Qu’il s’agisse d’archives publiques ou privées, de legs faits à des musées ou autres institutions patrimoniales, la quête de renseignements est une nécessité pour suivre l’objet étudié depuis sa création jusqu’à son étude faite in Situ. De nos jours, de nombreuses ressources sont mises en ligne, notamment sur le site du ministère de la culture et de la communication ; accessibles à tous,...

Vers une agroécologie biodiverse : enjeux et principaux concepts mobilisés

OpenAIRE

Reboud , Xavier; MALEZIEUX , Eric

2015-01-01

SPEPôle ECOLDUR; This text relates to the introduction of the workshop “Using biodiversity” given on October, 18th at the 2013 symposium on Agroecology. It is inspired by the discussions of the working group "Agroecology and soil" of the alliance between institutes on environmental research AllEnvi. Some major issues are exposed and the principles on how the use of biodiversity could improve agroecosystem management are presented.; Ce texte constitue l’introduction à l’atelier « utiliser la B...

Il servizio di EV-mobile ed i suoi utenti: un approccio metodologico all’analisi dei loro comportamenti

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ugo Contino

2012-07-01

Full Text Available ItLa possibilità di accedere al Web mediante dispositivi mobili, ad esempio tablet o smartphone, ha comportato la creazione di ulteriori portali, semplificati, che consentono di diffondere contenuti ed informazione in maniera rapida ai propri utenti. Nel caso del servizio di Emeroteca Virtuale Mobile si è voluto ampliare la gamma dei servizi offerti all’utenza, includendo una piattaforma che fosse navigabile attraverso i browser disponibili nei moderni smart phone. L’analisi dei loro comportamenti ci ha permesso di verificare quanto gli utenti preferiscano i contesti mobili come ambienti di rapida verifica delle novità disponibili in Emeroteca, relativamente ai periodici di loro interesse (4 a 1 è infatti il rapporto tra la navigazione e la ricerca dei contenuti. Ciò chiarisce il ruolo che tale servizio sta assumendo nel contesto dell’Emeroteca, non alternativo a quello classico, ma, pur se ancora non privo di una sua connotazione sperimentale, certamente complementare a quest’ultimo.EnThe diffusion of the so called smart-phone and tablet among WEB users community caused a growth in the offering of specific portals, simplified comparing to the classic ones, but capable of a more direct and fast information flow towards their own users. Emeroteca Virtuale service too has been provided of a specific “mobile” portal dedicated to people having a smart-phone as a web access tool. Last two years usage data analysis on this service has revealed a peculiar behavior of Emeroteca Virtuale Mobile users: they tend to use the service as a rapid check of new entries in Emeroteca (issues or articles, specifically for those e-journals they are interested in (the ratio between browsing and search actions is 4 to 1. This clarifies better the role this “mobile” service is having versus the classical one: it is not an alternative to it, but a complementary way to get information from Emeroteca.

App per l’infanzia: linee guida per una progettazione efficace

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Silvia Carbotti

2015-04-01

Full Text Available I bambini sono affascinati dai tablet e dai dispositivi mobili di ultima generazione. Allo stesso modo si trovano in una fase della vita in cui iniziano a formare preferenze e competenze così come ad esprimere le proprie emozioni e sensazioni attraverso la parola. Questo articolo descrive le strategie per la creazione di applicazioni (app per bambini che siano non solo divertenti ma anche efficaci per esperienze significative che li coinvolgano a livello cognitivo ed emotivo. Quando si disegnano app rivolte ai bambini occorre ricordare che i più piccoli non hanno ancora chiaro come dovrebbe funzionare una specifica tecnologia ma si stanno formando un’opinione a riguardo. Diventa dunque necessario considerare alcuni principi di interaction e visual design affinché l’esperienza vissuta con il tablet incontri bisogni e competenze.

Influence of Iron on Production of the Antibacterial Compound Tropodithietic Acid and Its Noninhibitory Analog in Phaeobacter inhibens

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

D'Alvise, Paul W; Phippen, Christopher B W; Nielsen, Kristian Fog

2016-01-01

production is influenced by substrate components. High concentrations of ferric citrate, as present in marine broth, or other iron sources were required for production of antibacterially active TDA. However, when supernatants of noninhibitory, low-iron cultures of Phaeobacter inhibens were acidified......Tropodithietic acid (TDA) is an antibacterial compound produced by some Phaeobacter and Ruegeria spp. of the Roseobacter clade. TDA production is studied in marine broth or agar since antibacterial activity in other media is not observed. The purpose of this study was to determine how TDA......, antibacterial activity was detected in a bioassay. The absence of TDA in nonacidified cultures and the presence of TDA in acidified cultures were verified by liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry. A noninhibitory TDA analog (pre-TDA) was produced by P. inhibens, Ruegeria mobilis F1926...

La nécropole mérovingienne d’Erstein (Bas-Rhin) : étude des textiles minéralisés au contact des fibules

OpenAIRE

Médard, Fabienne; Rohmer, Pascal; Moulherat, Christophe; Guillaume, Jacques

2008-01-01

Au cours des années 1999 et 2000, des fouilles de sauvetage ont été menées au lieu dit « Beim Limersheimerweg », non loin de la ville d’Erstein (France, Bas-Rhin). Une importante nécropole datée entre le début du VIe et la fin du VIIe siècle après J.-C. a été mise au jour. 239 sépultures au mobilier funéraire très riche ont été découvertes. Alors que les matières organiques d’origine végétale et animale ont été peu préservées, les nombreuses pièces d’armement (épées longues, scramasaxes, cout...

Interfon

CERN Multimedia

Interfon

2014-01-01

  www.interfon.fr Rendez-vous sur notre site pour toutes les « News » Interfon « Partenaires "confiance" chez Interfon » Nouveau partenaire  « Design Cuisines» Total home design « Nouveau »     « 5 % de remise aux sociétaires »   Découvrez vite cette nouvelle adresse qui donne des Ailes à vos envies de design ! Jean Marc Iglesias n’est pas un concepteur de cuisines comme les autres. Loin des standards d’implantation, il vous propose une approche globale de votre espace de vie et répond à vos besoins et attentes par un projet au design unique et sur-mesure. Iglesias Design c’est aussi des agencements de dressing, salle de bains, chambres, mobilier de salon…         &am...

Report on a survey in fiscal 1999. Survey on industrial utilization of microorganism reaction mechanisms under anaerobic condition; 1999 nendo kenki jokenka ni okeru biseibutsu hanno kiko no kogyoteki riyo ni kansuru chosa hokokusho

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2000-03-01

Industrial utilization of reaction mechanisms of microorganisms under anaerobic condition permits structuring energy saving type production processes. The present survey has investigated features of new microorganisms under anaerobic condition and the status of researches thereon inside and outside the country, and discussed their future applications. Chapter 1 compares anaerobic microorganisms and functions of microorganism under anaerobic condition with those aerobic to describe their general features, and describes the purpose of this survey and the summary of the investigations. Chapter 2 surveys the current status of technologies to utilize microorganisms under anaerobic condition. Chapter 3 outlines metabolic characteristics of the anaerobic microorganisms, and extracts functions effective for material production by different anaerobic microorganisms to describe their applicability. Chapter 4 evaluates the system classification for the anaerobic microorganisms utilizing the basic arrangement of 16S rRNA genes, and extracts technical problems therein. Chapter 5 proposes structuring a total methane fermentation system including a raw material collecting process, and enhancing alcohol productivity of Zymomonas bacteria. (NEDO)

Motivy narození Páně na lidovém mobiliáři

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Kafka, Luboš

2016-01-01

Roč. 11, č. 55 (2016), s. 8-11 ISSN 2336-8667 Institutional support: RVO:68378076 Keywords : visual folk art * Nativity * Jesus Christus * folk furniture * museum collections Subject RIV: AC - Archeology, Anthropology, Ethnology

Les Horologia romana en Hispanie, mobilier, histoire et realités archéologiques

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Bonnin, Jerome

2010-12-01

Full Text Available There has been no previous global study of the Horologia in Hispania. The purpose of the present study is to collect together current knowledge with archaeological discoveries as well as iconographical or epigraphical one. The archaeological remains, most often under-exploited, reveal a clear predominance of objects discovered in private contexts and a local production in most cases. Nevertheless, the existence of sundials in public centres is also attested not only by the epigraphy, well known, but also by the archaeological discoveries. Finally the opportunity is taken to review the available information about the so-called ‘sundial’ from Yecla with its unusual design. Although not discussed recently its use as a sundial is still open to question.El estudio de los Horologia romana en Hispania no ha sido hecho hasta ahora. Este es el propósito del presente artículo que constituye al mismo tiempo una síntesis de los conocimientos existentes sobre este aspecto de la civilización romana en Hispania y un catálogo y estudio de toda la evidencia arqueológica, iconográfica y epigráfica. Los restos arqueológicos, en ocasiones poco estudiados por los descubridores, revelan un claro predominio de objetos descubiertos en ámbitos privados y una producción local en muchos casos. No obstante, la existencia de relojes en centros públicos está atestiguada no sólo por la epigrafía, bien conocida, sino también por los descubrimientos arqueológicos. Finalmente, el artículo brinda la oportunidad de redescubrir el llamado reloj de Yecla, de una iconografía totalmente inusual, prácticamente olvidado por los investigadores, pero que todavía hoy está sometido a discusión.

Interfon

CERN Multimedia

Interfon

2012-01-01

www.interfon.fr Rendez-vous sur notre site internet pour découvrir toutes les informations « Nouveaux Partenaires » « EuroCave » situé à Gland, fournit des prestations en France et en Suisse. Solutions pour la mise en valeur & le service du vin (Caves et armoires à vins, systèmes de rangement, création et climatiseurs de cave), mais aussi Cave à cigares et billards. Présentez votre carte de sociétaire et tout au long de l’année, bénéficiez (hors soldes et promotions) de : 15 % sur les caves à vins et à cigares. 20 % sur les travaux de conception et d’aménagement de cave " sur mesure " (mobilier et climatisation …). 10 % sur les billards. 10  % sur les cheminées éthanol (ecosma...

A personalised and adaptive intelligent system to adjust circadian lighting for elderly housing

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Flyvholm, Anton; Sen, Sumit; Xylakis, Emmanouil

2016-01-01

With the rapid population ageing in Europe and in Denmark, there is an increasing interest in technologies and designs that can support the elderly citizens in sustaining well-being and health along with preventing functional decline [1]. To date, the designs of lighting systems in elderly housing...... detection, actigraphy, etc.) and c) anthropological (mood and behaviour). This way, the effect of circadian lighting on well-being, can be also documented, before this new technology can be recommended for implementation in elderly housing. A test installation is planned at “Sundhedshuset” in Albertslund...... places, nursing homes, domestic applications, and smart cities. Accelerate SSL - Innovation for Europe. SSL-Erate. Available from: http://lightingforpeople.eu/2016/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/SSLerate-3.2-3.4-v4.pdf. [3] Mobily PR, Skemp Kelley LS. (1991). Iatrogenesis in the elderly. Factors...

Influência do assento da cadeira adaptada na execução de uma tarefa de manuseio Influence of the seat surface of an adapted chair on the performance of a manipulation task

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Lígia Maria Presumido Braccialli

2008-04-01

Full Text Available Este estudo teve como objetivo verificar a influência da flexibilidade da superfície de assento da cadeira na velocidade e no tempo despendido por alunos com paralisia cerebral espástica durante a execução de uma tarefa de manuseio de um objeto na posição sentada. Participaram do estudo 11 alunos, de ambos os gêneros, com diagnóstico de paralisia cerebral espástica, que tinham algum controle de tronco e membros superiores. A quantificação da análise cinemática foi realizada em duas situações experimentais: 1 execução de uma tarefa acadêmica de encaixe, com o indivíduo posicionado em um mobiliário adaptado com assento de lona; 2 execução de uma tarefa acadêmica de encaixe, com o participante posicionado em um mobiliário adaptado com assento de madeira. Os dados obtidos foram submetidos à análise estatística descritiva e não-paramétrica por meio do teste de Wilcoxon. Os resultados indicaram que: 1 a velocidade média de execução das tarefas não foi influenciada pelo tipo de assento utilizado 2 o tempo de execução da tarefa foi influenciada pelo tipo de assento utilizado. A utilização do assento de lona aumentou o tempo de realização da tarefa. Conclui-se que o assento de um mobiliário escolar para um aluno com paralisia cerebral espástica não deve ser confeccionado com um material muito flexível. Este tipo de assento fornecerá uma base instável que dificultará o desempenho do aluno durante atividades realizadas com os membros superiores.The objective of this study was to verify the influence of the flexibility of the seat surface of a chair on the speed and time expended by students with spastic cerebral palsy during the performance of a task involving the manipulation an object while in a seated position. Eleven students of both genders participated in the study; all were diagnosed with spastic cerebral palsy, and all had some control of trunk and upper limbs. The quantification of the kinematics

Histoire, mémoire et tribus ou les aarch de 2001 en Kabylie

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Nassim Amrouche

2011-03-01

Full Text Available Les émeutes qui ont ensanglanté la Kabylie au cours du printemps 2001 ont soulevé différentes problématiques. Au-delà du drame humain qui a fait plus d’une centaine de morts et plus d’un millier de blessés, cette contestation s’est formulée autour d’une organisation anachronique : les aarch. Système sociopolitique ancien dont les dernières traces d’existence remontent à la fin du XIXe siècle, il a mobilisé dans et par la tribu reconfigurée selon les besoins contemporains. Cette utilisation d’une organisation sociale maghrébine a permis de une inscription dans le temps par la mémoire mobilisée par la tribu.En effet, dans une perspective politique, les aarch, pour contester le présent, ont mis en exergue des patrimoines historiques et mémoriels effacés par l’État nation algérien. Mobilisant ainsi l’histoire de la guerre de décolonisation, fondatrice de l’État indépendant, les aarch se sont directement attaqués au vouloir vivre ensemble, redéfinissant les bases constitutives de la nation. Cette dynamique mémorielle et historique a aussi permis aux militants et partisans de revisiter un passé plus lointain : crises au sein du mouvement nationaliste, mouvements sociaux post Indépendance, etc. Ce remaniement des mémoires, dont la culture et la langue restent les socles, a permis d’envisager des territoires culturels, identitaires dépassant les frontières stato-nationales.Si ces données sont celles du politique, des militants, les bases sociales du mouvement, qui a mobilisé jusqu’à 1,5 million de personnes, ont réutilisé ces outils de la contestation pour les transformer en sources du malaise socioéconomique contemporain.The riots that have bloodstained Kabylie in the spring of 2001 have raised different problematics. Beyond the human drama which has resulted in more than a hundred deaths and a thousand wounded, this contestation formulated itself around an anachronic organization: the

La sélection des objets à protéger dans les églises de la Reconstruction : l’exemple de la Manche (1944-1974

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Élisabeth Marie

2012-04-01

Full Text Available Plus de trois cents églises de la Manche ont été détruites ou gravement endommagées en 1944. La Reconstruction, étalée sur une trentaine d’années, est devenue une composante du patrimoine départemental. La Conservation des antiquités et objets d’art a entrepris un inventaire de ce patrimoine qui concerne cent soixante édifices et environ cent trente objets, auxquels s’ajoutent les ensembles de vitraux. Dans un premier temps, trente édifices ont été inventoriés, parallèlement à l’étude menée sur les édifices par le service des Monuments historiques de Basse-Normandie. Ces deux enquêtes ont été suivies de mesures de protection concernant quarante objets ou ensembles mobiliers conservés dans les églises de la Manche. Les critères généraux de protection au titre des monuments historiques ont été débattus, affinés et précisés lors de deux commissions départementales des objets mobiliers thématiques.In 1944 more than three hundred churches in the Manche department were destroyed or badly damaged. The reconstruction of these churches took over thirty years, and these reconstructed churches are now recognised as an integral part of the department’s heritage. The services of the Conservation des antiquités et objets d’art has undertaken an inventory of these churches, focussed on 160 buildings and about 130 religious artefacts, along with a collection of stained glass. To begin with, the contents of thirty churches were surveyed in an operation running alongside an inventory of religious buildings carried out by the Historic monuments service of the Basse-Normandie region. These two surveys were followed by measures of statutory protection for forty objects or furnishing ensembles conserved in the department’s churches. There was considerable debate as to the criteria appropriate for the protection of these objects, and two meetings of the departmental commission on the protection of the movable heritage

Atmospheric anthropic impacts tracked by the French atmospheric mobile observatory

Science.gov (United States)

Cuesta, J.; Chazette, P.; Flamant, P. H.

2009-04-01

A new ATmospheric Mobile ObServatory, so called "ATMOS", has been developed by the LiMAG "Lidar, Meteorology and Geophysics" team of the Institut Pierre Simon Laplace (IPSL) in France, in order to contribute to international field campaigns for studying atmospheric physico-chemistry, air quality and climate (i.e. aerosols, clouds, trace gazes, atmospheric dynamics and energy budget) and the ground-based validation of satellite observations. ATMOS has been deployed in the framework of i) LISAIR, for monitoring air quality in Paris in 2005, ii) AMMA "African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analysis", in Tamanrasset and in Niamey for observing the aerosols and the atmospheric boundary layer in the Sahara and in the Sahel in 2006, iii) COPS "Convectively and Orographycally driven Precipitation Study" in the Rhin Valley in 2007 and iv) the validation of the spatial mission CALIPSO, launched in April 2006. In the coming years, ATMOS will be deployed i) in the Paris Megacity, in the framework of MEGAPOLI (2009-2010), ii) in southern France (near Marseille) for the Chemistry-Aerosol Mediterranean Experiment CHARMEX (2011-2012) and iii) the validation of ADM-Aeolus in 2010-2011 and Earth-Care in 2012. ATMOS payload is modular, accounting for the different platforms, instruments and measuring techniques. The deployment of ATMOS is an essential contribution to field campaigns, complementing the fixed sites, and a potential alternative of airborne platforms, heavier and more expensive. ATMOS mobile payload comprises both the remote sensing platform MOBILIS ("Moyens mOBIles de téLédetection de l'IPSL") and the in-situ physico-chemical station SAMMO ("Station Aérosols et chiMie MObile"). MOBILIS is an autonomous and high-performance system constituted by a full set of active and passive remote sensing instrumentation (i.e. Lidars and radiometers), whose payload may be adapted for either i) long term fixed monitoring in a maritime container or a shelter, ii) ground-based transect

ENEA`s mobile treatment units for specific waters; Impianti mobili ENEA di trattamento / smaltimento rifiuti

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Beone, G.; Barni, E.; Coronidi, M. [ENEA, Centro Ricerche Casaccia, Rome (Italy). Dipt. Ambiente; Bortone, G.; Gambaro, L.; Zanetti, P. [ENEA, Centro Ricerche `Ezio Clementel, Bologna (Italy). Dipt. Ambiente; Liccione, G. [ENEA, Centro Ricerche Trisaia, Matera (Italy). Dipt. Ambiente; Zanin, E.

1997-11-01

Solid waste production in turistic places is characterized by a large increase, up to 80 % for few months during the year. Generally a waste treatment plant is designed for a mean production and can support increases that non exceed 10 %. Treatment plants with higher capacity are not economically convenient and the excedent production is landfilled. An answer to this problem are mobile treatment units that could be used to support resident plants when higher treatment capacity is requested. Mobile units are very useful for other uses like as treatment of specific wastes (agricultural plastic bags and sheets contaminated by antiparasitics and herbicides) infective wastes from hospital and laboratories and leaches from landfills. Mobile units flexibility is also important for environmental protection actions, either scheduled on in an emergency, like as reclamation of contaminated soils, asbestos contaminated site and every time when waste transport is characterized by high cost or safety and sanitary problems.

Arguments pour une émancipation de la stylistique structurale de Riffaterre

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Vessah Ngou Donald

2014-07-01

Au final, la pensée riffaterrienne ne saurait être confinée aux structures linguistiques et soumise à ses lois, puisqu’elle pose prioritairement le récepteur au cœur de son processus autant que de ses limites, en faisant de lui le garant et le véritable modulateur de la théorie. Elle s’impose au demeurant comme théorie, non pas tant par les démarches qu’elle définit a priori, que par le fait qu’elle prédit l’expérience et les contours engendrés. Il apparaît surtout que la stylistique de la réception qu’elle incarne, pour autant qu’elle soit une véritable praxis, modulaire, instable, n’en est pas moins descriptible et cohérente dans ses relations avec les connaissances mobilisées par l’analyste.

INTERFON

CERN Multimedia

Interfon

2010-01-01

Les bureaux Interfon de St Genis (Mutuelle et Coopérative) seront fermés du 9 au 20 août). Au Cern, pas de permanence « mutuelle » durant le mois d’août. Les demandes de remboursement peuvent être envoyées par courrier interne et seront transmises chaque soir au Technoparc. Le bureau de la Coopérative au Cern reste ouvert jusqu’au 22 août.   POUR VOS PROJET DE CONSTRUCTION... Vous cherchez un architecte d’intérieur ? Nous vous proposons Jean-Marc Pradéra, architecte d’intérieur qui peut vous aider et vous conseiller utilement pour améliorer votre cadre de vie, dans une maison ou dans un appartement. Concepteur de mobilier, cheminées, livings, cuisine hors standard, il coordonne les artisans choisis au meilleur prix et à la meilleure qualité (artisans jurassiens ou savoyar...

High-resolution metagenomics targets major functional types in complex microbial communities

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kalyuzhnaya, Marina G.; Lapidus, Alla; Ivanova, Natalia; Copeland, Alex C.; McHardy, Alice C.; Szeto, Ernest; Salamov, Asaf; Grigoriev, Igor V.; Suciu, Dominic; Levine, Samuel R.; Markowitz, Victor M.; Rigoutsos, Isidore; Tringe, Susannah G.; Bruce, David C.; Richardson, Paul M.; Lidstrom, Mary E.; Chistoserdova, Ludmila

2009-08-01

Most microbes in the biosphere remain uncultured and unknown. Whole genome shotgun (WGS) sequencing of environmental DNA (metagenomics) allows glimpses into genetic and metabolic potentials of natural microbial communities. However, in communities of high complexity metagenomics fail to link specific microbes to specific ecological functions. To overcome this limitation, we selectively targeted populations involved in oxidizing single-carbon (C{sub 1}) compounds in Lake Washington (Seattle, USA) by labeling their DNA via stable isotope probing (SIP), followed by WGS sequencing. Metagenome analysis demonstrated specific sequence enrichments in response to different C{sub 1} substrates, highlighting ecological roles of individual phylotypes. We further demonstrated the utility of our approach by extracting a nearly complete genome of a novel methylotroph Methylotenera mobilis, reconstructing its metabolism and conducting genome-wide analyses. This approach allowing high-resolution genomic analysis of ecologically relevant species has the potential to be applied to a wide variety of ecosystems.

O PAPEL DA CVM E DA B3 NA IMPLEMENTAÇÃO E DELIMITAÇÃO DO PROGRAMA DE INTEGRIDADE (COMPLIANCE NO BRASIL

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

CAROLINE DA ROSA PINHEIRO

2017-06-01

Full Text Available O trabalho apresenta o conceito de programa de integridade ou “compliance” como é conhecido internacionalmente, refletindo sobre o papel da Comissão de Valores Mobiliários (CVM e da B3 (Brasil, Bolsa e Balcão na implementação e delimitação do instituto no Brasil. Desse modo, também serão analisadas as competências desses órgãos, bem como sua atuação e poderes, com lastro nos diplomas legais e atos administrativos regulatórios. O método científico utilizado é o indutivo, partindo da análise de textos legais, infralegais, julgados administrativos e doutrina. A pesquisa é do tipo bibliográfica e a conclusão alcançada é pessoal, com lastro no material investigatório coligido.

Enzymatic hydrolysis of various pretreated lignocellulosic substrates and the fermentation of the liberated sugars to ethanol and butanediol

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Saddler, J.N.; Mes-Hartree, M.; Yu, E.K.C.; Brownell, H.H.

1983-01-01

Aspen wood and wheat straw were pretreated by exposure to steam at elevated temperatures. Chemical analysis of the substrates revealed that steam explosion differentially decomposed the pentosan component while leaving the glucan portion relatively unchanged. The pretreated residues could be used as substrates for growth of Trichoderma reesei C30 and T. harzianum E58. The cellulase activities detected were in some cases three times as high as those found when Solka Floc was used as the substrate. Culture filtrates of T. harzianum E58 could efficiently hydrolyze the hemicellulose-rich water-soluble fractions. This material was fermented by Klebsiella pneumoniae with 0.4-0.5 g of 2,3-butanediol produced per gram of sugar utilized. Once the steam-exploded residues had been water and alkali extracted, the enzymatically hydrolyzed substrates were readily fermented by Saccharomyces cerevisiae or Zymononas mobilis with values as high as 2% (w/v) ethanol obtained from 5% steam-exploded wood fractions. 30 references, 2 figures, 8 tables.

Canoë-Kayak Club

CERN Multimedia

Canoë-Kayak Club

2012-01-01

Mobilisation Initiatives Océanes.   Pour la deuxième année consécutive, le Canoë Kayak CERN s’est mobilisé pour soutenir l’action de la fondation Surfrider en participant aux Initiatives Océanes qui se déroulent chaque année au début du printemps pour lutter contre les déchets qui polluent nos océans, plages, lacs et rivières. En 2011, cela représentait dans le monde 40’000 participants, 7’500 scolaires, 34 pays et plus de 950 nettoyages. Le Canoë kayak CERN a souhaité poursuivre l’action mené en 2011, de la Jonction (à Genève) jusqu’au Lignon, en continuant de nettoyer les berges du Rhône du Lignon jusqu’au port d’Aire-la-Ville et la plage de Peney, avec une équipe sur l'eau, en cano...

Les territorialités émergentes des migrants marocains

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Sabrina Marchandise

2013-05-01

Full Text Available Par l’usage et les pratiques liées aux TIC, l’espace virtuel devient un support des relations sociales mobilisées dans la migration, espace de socialisation (par la communication, la communauté et espace de ressources (culturelle, économique et sociale, ayant des traductions concrètes dans l’espace physique. Nous nous interrogeons alors sur l’articulation des territoires physiques et non physiques des migrants marocains. Cet article se fonde sur une expérimentation en cours d’exploration et de visualisation du web diasporique. Nous en livrons ici les premiers éléments de résultats, à la fois à partir de la représentation d’un corpus de sites web, de la localisation des sites et destinataires et également par une réflexion sur l’apport des représentations des réseaux sociaux sur le web.

Globalização e poder de estado: circulação internacional de elites e hierarquias do campo jurídico brasileiro

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Fabiano Engelmann

2012-01-01

Full Text Available Prenant comme point de départ la problématique de la mondialisation des travaux d'experts concernant l'État, on examine les conditions d'internationalisation du champ juridique brésilien visant surtout le rapport entre le capital international mobilisé par les juristes et la hiérarchisation dans ce champ. Cette analyse part surtout de la comparaison des trajectoires universitaires, professionnelles et politiques de trois segments représentatifs de l'élite juridique: enseignants dans les cours de doctorat en droit, avocats associés aux plus importants cabinets juridiques et ministres du Supérieur Tribunal de Justice et du Supérieur Tribunal Fédéral. Les divers liens avec l'espace international peuvent être rapportés aux différentes positions dans le champ juridique brésilien et à leur relation avec l'espace politique et économique.

Audiovisivi per línsegnamento e nuove tecnologie nelle classi 2.0 della regione Emilia-Romagna

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Laura Corazza

2015-01-01

Full Text Available I bambini e i ragazzi nel nuovo millennio sono forse più avvezzi alla visione di un film o di una trasmissione televisiva che non alla lettura di un libro. Quello che è certo, è che sono sottoposti a un bombardamento mediatico senza precedenti grazie a canali televisivi specializzati nella produzione di programmi per l’infanzia e l’adolescenza, alla Rete Internet e ai dispositivi mobili di ultima generazione. E a scuola? Come cambia la didattica? Al laboratorio Mela abbiamo documentato con un video l’avvio della prima esperienza delle Cl@ssi 2.0 in Emilia-Romagna nelle scuole secondarie inferiori. Alla fine dei 3 anni di sperimentazione, durante i quali gli insegnanti hanno utilizzato LIM, computer in classe e Moodle per l’insegnamento a distanza, abbiamo invece cercato di capire, con un questionario, come e quanto vengano utilizzati i video per la didattica. Ne sono seguite alcune riflessioni.

L'établissement rural des ixe-xe siècles des “ Jeanrais ” à Saint-Prix (Allier The 9th-10th century rural establishment of “Jeanrais” at Saint-Prix (Allier

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Sophie Liegard

2011-04-01

Full Text Available Le site des “ Jeanrais ” a été découvert en 1999 lors du diagnostic préalable à l'aménagement du contournement routier de Lapalisse/Saint-Prix par la route nationale 7. La fouille préventive conduite en 2003 a permis d'étudier près de 4000 m2 de ce vaste établissement rural d'époque carolingienne qui se prolonge de part et d'autre de l'emprise routière et dont l'occupation s'étend sur au moins deux siècles. Les vestiges mis au jour témoignent d'une organisation rigoureuse de l'espace qui ne trouve pas de parallèle régionalement. Le bon état de conservation des vestiges a permis l'identification de plusieurs plans de bâtiments sur poteaux dont un qui abritait un aménagement semi-excavé de plan en “ U ”. Le mobilier recueilli comprend des éléments peu communs tels que des ratés de cuisson de céramique glaçurée et du mobilier équestre. L'ensemble des données recueillies dans les deux zones successives d'occupation révèle des caractéristiques inhabituelles qui conduisent à s'interroger sur le statut de cette implantation.The site of “Jeanrais” was discovered in 1999 during the diagnosis preliminary to the construction of a bypass for Lapalisse/Saint-Prix by trunk road N7. The rescue dig carried out in 2003 was used to study near to 4000 m² of this vast rural settlement of the Carolingian period which extends on either side of the road expropriation and whose occupation spans at least two centuries. The remains uncovered evidence of meticulous organization of space that has no regional parallel. The good state of preservation of the remains has led to the identification of several plans of post buildings one of which housed a semi-excavated development in the shape of a “U”. The collected furnishings include items such as unusual glazed ceramic firing failures and some horse fittings. The data collected in the two successive zones of occupation reveal unusual features which raise questions about

Utilization of steam- and explosion-decompressed aspen wood by some anaerobes. [Acetivibrio cellulolyticus, Clostridium saccharolyticum, Zymomonas anaerobia

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Khan, A W; Asther, M; Giuliano, C

1984-01-01

Tests made to study the suitability of using steam- and explosion-decompressed aspen wood as substrate in anaerobic fermentations indicated that after washing with dilute NaOH it becomes over 80% accessible to both mesophilic and thermophilic cellulolytic anaerobes and cellulases, compared with delignified, ball-milled pulp. After washing, this material was also found to be suitable for the single-step conversion of cellulose to ethanol using cocultures consisting of cellylolytic and ethanol-producing saccharolytic anaerobes; and without and after washing by the use of cellulolytic enzymes and ethanologenic anaerobes. 16 references, 3 tables.

Un service diocésain de la conservation du patrimoine : l’exemple du diocèse de Cambrai (Nord

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Caroline Biencourt

2012-04-01

Full Text Available Dans le diocèse de Cambrai a été instauré un service diocésain du patrimoine culturel dont la mission est la gestion des patrimoines écrits, mobiliers et immobiliers, propriété de l’association diocésaine ou affecté au culte. Ce retour d’expérience permet de présenter le sens, l’intérêt et les enjeux d’une telle responsabilité en terme de connaissance, de conservation et de valorisation d’un aussi vaste ensemble patrimonial cohérent.The diocese of Cambrai has recently set up its own heritage service. The missions of this service include the conservation of the written heritage of the diocese, its mobile and built heritage and in general the property of the diocesan association or belonging otherwise to the church. The article relates the experience of this service and the interest of its responsibilities in terms of the understanding, the conservation and the interpretation of an extensive but coherent heritage.

Learning Analytics: opportunities for schools

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Giovanni Fulantelli

2014-12-01

Full Text Available La valutazione delle esperienze di apprendimento che avvengono in ambienti in cui le interazioni sono mediate dalle tecnologie è una sfida ardua che deve essere affrontata con approcci adeguati. Le tecniche di Learning Analytics si sono sviluppate recentemente con l’obiettivo di fornire gli strumenti necessari per ottimizzare le esperienze di apprendimento. Queste tecniche supportano i docenti nel prendere tempestivamente quelle decisioni che rendono il processo didattico più efficace, permettendo di intervenire sull’intero processo o sui singoli studenti in modo personalizzato. Sebbene le tecniche di Learning Analytics si siano sviluppate principalmente nei contesti di alta formazione online, questo articolo mette in evidenza come l’impiego di tali tecniche può portare benefici anche nei contesti scolastici. Di fatto, in questi contesti, le tecnologie sono sempre più utilizzate per supportare le esperienze di apprendimento formali e informali, come quelle basate su dispositivi mobili, serious game e social network, e i dati generati sono sempre più numerosi, richiedendo nuovi approcci di analisi che traggono vantaggio dall’impiego delle tecniche di Learning Analytics.

O TRABALHO EM CARNE VIVA. OBSERVAÇÃO PARTICIPANTE DO TRABALHO OPERÁRIO

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Bruno Monteiro

Full Text Available Resumo Este texto visa expor a lógica moral e sensual do universo fabril, tentando suplementar as leituras excessivamente técnicas do trabalho com um estudo contextualizado e encarnado das práticas operárias. Nesse sentido, o investigador procedeu a um trabalho de observação participante, trabalhando 14 semanas, em 2007, como operador de máquina numa fábrica de mobiliário do Noroeste português. Um ano mais tarde, em 2008, ele voltaria para estudar a comunidade envolvente por mais 16 semanas. A partir da objectivação sociológica da experiência visceral do trabalho, foi possível conhecer o processo de incorporação do senso prático dos trabalhadores, conhecido localmente como "aprender a arte". Dada a sua relevância, é concedida uma atenção particular às implicações que teve o recurso à observação participante para esta pesquisa sociológica.

Contribution to the levantine rock art: ethnographic analysis of the anthropomorphic figures | Contribución al arte rupestre levantino: análisis etnográfico de las figuras antropomorfas

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María Francia Galiana Botella

1985-12-01

Full Text Available El propósito del presente artículo es aplicar la lectura etnográfica a las figuraciones humanas representadas en el Arte Rupestre Levantino. Ello permite realizar una tipología de los adornos y útiles, así como aproximarse a su cronología relativa mediante los paralelos, muebles y figurativos, y las asociaciones de estos objetos en una misma figura. El resultado hace posible el acercamiento al encuadre cronológico-cultural de los pintores levantinos. | Le but que nous poursuivons c'est appliquer la lecture éthnographique aux figurations humaines représentées dans l'Art Rupestre Levantin. Ceci nous permet d'effectuer une tipologie des parures et de l'outillage, de même que nous approcher à leur chronologie relative moyennant les parallèles, avec le mobilier archéologique et d'autres représentations artistiques, ainsi que les associations de ces objets sur un même personnage. Le résultat rend possible l'aproximation au cadre chronologique-culturel des peintres levantins.

Aspectos de leiaute e de design de lojas de vestuário: estudo da percepção dos usuários

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Márcia Machado França

2017-05-01

Full Text Available Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo analisar o leiaute e os elementos do design tais como: iluminação, mobiliário presentes nos espaços da rede de varejo do vestuário do modelo fast fashion e a influência destes na percepção dos usuários. Foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas e observação não participante com os usuários destes espaços, buscando informações da interação deles com o ambiente. A revisão da literatura abordou os seguintes tópicos: design de lojas, modelo fast fashion, varejo de moda e usuários do vestuário. Por meio dos dados da pesquisa será possível identificar possíveis obstáculos do ambiente de loja para poder gerar melhores alternativas deste espaço ao usuário. Esta pesquisa aponta para abertura de novas oportunidades de exploração do design de lojas nos segmentos de varejo, por meio dos levantamentos obtidos nesta pesquisa.

Bacterial diversity in the active stage of a bioremediation system for mineral oil hydrocarbon-contaminated soils.

Science.gov (United States)

Popp, Nicole; Schlömann, Michael; Mau, Margit

2006-11-01

Soils contaminated with mineral oil hydrocarbons are often cleaned in off-site bioremediation systems. In order to find out which bacteria are active during the degradation phase in such systems, the diversity of the active microflora in a degrading soil remediation system was investigated by small-subunit (SSU) rRNA analysis. Two sequential RNA extracts from one soil sample were generated by a procedure incorporating bead beating. Both extracts were analysed separately by generating individual SSU rDNA clone libraries from cDNA of the two extracts. The sequencing results showed moderate diversity. The two clone libraries were dominated by Gammaproteobacteria, especially Pseudomonas spp. Alphaproteobacteria and Betaproteobacteria were two other large groups in the clone libraries. Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes and Epsilonproteobacteria were detected in lower numbers. The obtained sequences were predominantly related to genera for which cultivated representatives have been described, but were often clustered together in the phylogenetic tree, and the sequences that were most similar were originally obtained from soils and not from pure cultures. Most of the dominant genera in the clone libraries, e.g. Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter, Sphingomonas, Acidovorax and Thiobacillus, had already been detected in (mineral oil hydrocarbon) contaminated environmental samples. The occurrence of the genera Zymomonas and Rhodoferax was novel in mineral oil hydrocarbon-contaminated soil.

Sequence-based analysis of the microbial composition of water kefir from multiple sources.

Science.gov (United States)

Marsh, Alan J; O'Sullivan, Orla; Hill, Colin; Ross, R Paul; Cotter, Paul D

2013-11-01

Water kefir is a water-sucrose-based beverage, fermented by a symbiosis of bacteria and yeast to produce a final product that is lightly carbonated, acidic and that has a low alcohol percentage. The microorganisms present in water kefir are introduced via water kefir grains, which consist of a polysaccharide matrix in which the microorganisms are embedded. We aimed to provide a comprehensive sequencing-based analysis of the bacterial population of water kefir beverages and grains, while providing an initial insight into the corresponding fungal population. To facilitate this objective, four water kefirs were sourced from the UK, Canada and the United States. Culture-independent, high-throughput, sequencing-based analyses revealed that the bacterial fraction of each water kefir and grain was dominated by Zymomonas, an ethanol-producing bacterium, which has not previously been detected at such a scale. The other genera detected were representatives of the lactic acid bacteria and acetic acid bacteria. Our analysis of the fungal component established that it was comprised of the genera Dekkera, Hanseniaspora, Saccharomyces, Zygosaccharomyces, Torulaspora and Lachancea. This information will assist in the ultimate identification of the microorganisms responsible for the potentially health-promoting attributes of these beverages. © 2013 Federation of European Microbiological Societies. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. All rights reserved.

Manual of electromobility; Handbuch Elektromobilitaet

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Korthauer, Reiner [ed.

2010-07-01

Classic motor vehicles with gasoline or diesel engines have obtained a negative image as the resources of petroleum and natural gas are being depleted. Further, the current climate debate and more rigid pollutant emission limits for conventional vehicles have initiated a process of reconsideration. Electromobility has become a much-discussed current issue. This manual outlines all relevant aspects of this future-oriented technology from a social, political and technological viewpoint and indicates options and perspectives. Subjects are: 1. Electric vehicles: History, drive components and current exemplary vehicles; 2. The economic situation of the German electrical industry: Better prospects with electromobility? 3. Electromobility: Trends and perspectives; 4. Mobility in the future: Efficient, emission-free and electrical? 5. At the start of a new age of mobility: MobiliTec, the central trade fair for electromobility at the Hanover Fair, enables an exchange of experience between future-oriented industries; 6. In search of allegories of electromobility, electric vehicle design in the eyes of the public; 7. Battery systems for electric and hybrid vehicles; 8. Testing and certification of modern lithium battery systems by the VDE testing and certification institute; 9. The availability of lithium as a raw material; 10. Recycling of key components of future electric vehicles; 11. Industrial jobs for electricians, securing of trainees and expert staff in the field of electromobility. [German] Die klassische Art der Fortbewegung mittels Otto- oder Dieselmotor ist mittlerweile aus mehreren Gruenden negativ belegt. Die endlichen Energieressourcen wie Oel und Gas werden irgendwann nicht mehr unter den heutigen Bedingungen zu gewinnen sein. Die aktuelle Klimadebatte und verschaerfte Grenzwerte der Schadstoffemissionen bei herkoemmlich angetriebenen Fahrzeugen haben einen Prozess des Umdenkens eingeleitet. Elektromobilitaet ist in aller Munde und ein vieldiskutiertes Thema

O suporte informacional da controladoria para o processo decisório da distribuição física de produtos

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Verônica de Miglio Moura

2003-04-01

Full Text Available O objetivo da pesquisa, a partir da qual foi elaborado este artigo, consiste em averiguar o suporte informacional da Controladoria para o processo decisório da Logística, com vistas à função de distribuição física dos produtos. Neste sentido, selecionou-se três empresas, a partir de uma relação das empresas de capital aberto do estado de Santa Catarina, obtida junto à homepage da Comissão de Valores Mobiliários - CVM, que possuem uma Controladoria enquanto órgão administrativo e um setor de Logística. Constatou-se que a Controladoria exerce suas funções a fim de contribuir para a otimização dos resultados globais da empresa, contudo não necessariamente gerencia o sistema de informações contábeis-gerenciais nas mesmas. Portanto, conclui-se que os relatórios contábeisgerenciais gerados pela Controladoria com vistas à função da distribuição física de produtos, em geral, não são emitidos de forma específica para o processo decisório da Logística, visto que esta particularidade somente ocorre a partir do momento em que a Controladoria gerencia o sistema de informações. Nas empresas pesquisadas esta função é atribuída à Controladoria em apenas uma delas.The research that underlies this article aimed to examine the informational support provided by Controllership to the Logistics' decision-making process, with a view to the physical product distribution function.Thus, three companies were selected from a list of publicly traded companies from Santa Catarina State, which possess a Controller's department as an administrative organ, as well as a Logistics sector.This list was obtained from the homepage of the Comissão de Valores Mobiliários - CVM. It was disclosed that the Controller's department exerts its functions in order to contribute to the optimization of the company's global results, although it does not necessarily manage the company's management accounting information system. Therefore, it was

Estudo da degradação anaeróbia do efluente de indústrias de mobiliário

OpenAIRE

Caramelo, Marta Sofia Almeida

2012-01-01

O objeto deste trabalho está relacionado com a dependência atual de combustíveis fósseis para a produção de plástico e com as crescentes preocupações ambientais relativas à sua deposição no meio ambiente, pois são um material de difícil degradação. Estes problemas associados aos plásticos, têm resultado na investigação e desenvolvimento de materiais biopoliméricos que são de fácil biodegradação. Então este trabalho tem como objetivo principal, estudar a aplicabilidade da digestão anaeróbia...

Dividendos e informação assimétrica: análise do novo mercado

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Luiz Maurício Franco Moreiras

2012-12-01

Full Text Available Em dezembro de 2000, a Bolsa de Valores de São Paulo (Bovespa criou uma listagem em que diferenciava as empresas que voluntariamente aceitassem práticas de governança corporativa adicionais àquelas exigidas pela Comissão de Valores Mobiliários (CVM. A finalidade da inovação era estreitar a relação entre as empresas e os seus investidores, diminuindo a assimetria informacional e dando maior segurança ao investidor. O objetivo neste artigo é testar os efeitos gerados por essa iniciativa sobre a informação assimétrica do mercado acionário. Para tanto, foi realizado um estudo de eventos tendo como variável central a política de dividendos. O resultado revela que as companhias que aderiram aos mercados com graus diferenciados de governança apresentam menores graus de informação assimétrica e, desse modo, inseriram-se em um ambiente institucional mais seguro. Em outras palavras, a iniciativa da Bovespa teve êxito ao mitigar o problema da informação assimétrica no mercado acionário brasileiro.

Teatri della memoria: una ricerca sulle mediatiche domestiche

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Olimpia Affuso

2011-12-01

Full Text Available Questo contributo ruota intorno ai risultati di una ricerca collettiva che riguarda i rapporti fra alcuni oggetti della casa e le memorie di chi li raccoglie. Il tema di sfondo della ricerca è molto ampio. Nelle case ci sono mobili e soprammobili, fotografie e manifesti, quadri, e infiniti altri oggetti. Possiamo dire che la casa intera è un deposito di “mnemoteche”, di teche della memoria, che è la stessa disposizione dello spazio domestico a fungere da dispositivo mnestico. Rispetto a tutto ciò, abbiamo scelto quelli che hanno a che fare con il mondo dei media. Ci siamo occupati cioè di come vengono raccolti, selezionati, conservati, usati e scartati oggetti come libri, dischi, videocassette, CD e DVD, e anche file sui computer, telefonini e lettori portatili (audio-video. Si tratta di un insieme di oggetti la cui analisi consente di comprendere sia diversi aspetti dei rapporti che le persone intrattengono con le proprie memorie, sia alcuni dei modi in cui spazi privati e pubblici si interconnettono. Poiché questi prodotti hanno a che fare con le industrie mediali, abbiamo chiamato l’insieme di questi oggetti mediateche domestiche.

Response to UVB radiation and oxidative stress of marine bacteria isolated from South Pacific Ocean and Mediterranean Sea.

Science.gov (United States)

Matallana-Surget, S; Villette, C; Intertaglia, L; Joux, F; Bourrain, M; Lebaron, P

2012-12-05

Marine bacterial strains isolated from South Pacific and Mediterranean Sea were studied for their resistance to UVB radiation, their repair capacity under photoreactivating light, as well as their oxidative stress response using concentrated hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)), as an oxidizer. A total of 30 marine bacteria were isolated from the hyper-oligotrophic waters of the South Pacific Gyre to the eutrophic waters of the Chilean coast during the BIOSOPE cruise (2004), and 10 strains from surface Mediterranean coastal waters. One third of bacteria presented a high resistance to UVB and almost all isolates presented an efficient post-irradiation recovery. Only few strains showed cell survival to high concentration of H(2)O(2). No correlation between the sampling sites and the bacterial UVB resistance was observed. Two marine bacteria, Erythrobacter flavus and Ruegeria mobilis, were of particular interest, presenting a good response to the three parameters (UVB and H(2)O(2) resistance/efficient repair). Unexpectedly, two resistant strains were again identified as Ruegeria species underlining that this geographically widespread genus, resist to UVB regardless the environment from which the isolates originate. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Étude des liens entre les caractéristiques instrumentales et les différents types de motivations des participants dans un MOOC

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Jean Heutte

2016-01-01

Full Text Available Dans les MOOC, le paradoxe entre l’engouement massif et la chute tout aussi massive de la participation renouvelle la problématique de la persistance du fait de l’importance de l’abandon. En vue d’éclairer les déterminants de cette persistance, cette contribution rend compte d’outils mobilisés dans le cadre d’une étude exploratoire réalisée auprès des participants (N = 10 700 inscrits dans un MOOC francophone. Cette étude est l’occasion d’utiliser deux nouveaux outils de mesure : l’échelle de perception instrumentale des communautés (PIC et l’échelle de motivation en formation d’adultes (EMFA. Conformément aux attentes, les résultats de cette étude mettent en évidence les liens entre les perceptions instrumentales et les différents types de motivations : les liens les plus élevés s’observent au niveau de la régulation intégrée de la motivation extrinsèque. Il ressort aussi de cette étude que les deux nouveaux outils (PIC et EMFA complètent utilement l’outillage conceptuel et méthodologique du monitorage en temps réel des MOOC.

Discovery and Description of Giant Submarine Smectite Cones on the Seafloor in Eyjafjordur, Northern Iceland, and a Novel Thermal Microbial Habitat

Science.gov (United States)

Marteinsson, Viggó Thór; Kristjánsson, Jakob K.; Kristmannsdóttir, Hrefna; Dahlkvist, Maria; Sæmundsson, Kristján; Hannington, Mark; Pétursdóttir, Sólveig K.; Geptner, Alfred; Stoffers, Peter

2001-01-01

With the submersible JAGO and by scuba diving we discovered three remarkable geothermal cones, rising 33, 25, and 45 m from the seafloor at a depth of 65 m in Eyjafjordur, northern Iceland. The greatest geothermal activity was on the highest cone, which discharged up to 50 liters of freshwater per s at 72°C and pH 10.0. The cones were built up from precipitated smectite, formed by mixing of the hot SiO2-rich geothermal fluid with the cold Mg-rich seawater. By connecting a rubber hose to one outflow, about 240 liters of pure geothermal fluids was concentrated through a 0.2-μm-pore-size filter. Among 50 thermophilic isolates, we found members of Bacillus and Thermonema and a new unidentified low-G+C gram-positive member of the Bacteria as well as one member of the Archaea, Desulfurococcus mobilis. Analysis of small-subunit rRNA genes PCR amplified and cloned directly from environmental DNA showed that 41 out of 45 Bacteria sequences belonged to members of the Aquificales, whereas all of the 10 Archaea sequences belonged to the Korarchaeota. The physiological characteristics of isolates from different parts of the cones indicate a completely freshwater habitat, supporting the possibility of subterranean transmittance of terrestrial organisms. PMID:11157250

La Bourse Régionale des Valeurs Mobilières en Afrique de lÓuest : líntroduction en bourse

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Bayala, B.S.A.

2002-01-01

La présente recherche est une des premières sur la BRVM par conséquent dans l’océan des connaissances elle correspond à une épave dans la mer. Le message majeur est que : les éclairages de la finance moderne et les théories ne sont pas totalement transposables d’un contexte à un autre. La

Aplicação da teoria processual administrativa no procedimento de consulta no âmbito da Comissão de Valores Mobiliários (CVM: análise da decisão sobre a natureza jurídica da incorporação de ações pela CVM / Implementation of Administrative Process Theory in the Consultation Process within the Brazilian Securities and Exchange Commission (CVM: Analysis of the CVM’s Decision on the Juridical Nature of the Merger of Shares

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Rodrigo Moreira Lopes

2018-05-01

Full Text Available Purpose – The purpose of this article is to investigate whether the Brazilian Securities and Exchange Commission (CVM, in ruling on the legal nature of the merger of shares, observed the elements of the administrative procedure, described in the administrative process theory of regulation developed by Steven Croley. More precisely, it was analyzed the decision-making process that culminated in the publication of Relatório RA / CVM / SEP / GEA-3 / Nº 21/14 and Parecer No 2014 / GJU-2 / PFE-CVM / PGF / AG – which addressed the legal nature of the merger of shares –, in order to identify which elements of the administrative procedure are present in the decision of the CVM. Methodology – First, the bases of the administrative process theory will be described, notably the elements of the administrative procedure indicated by Steven Croley as essential for a socially satisfactory regulation. After that, it will be analyzed how happened the decision process that culminated in the publication of Relatório RA / CVM / SEP / GEA-3 / Nº 21/14 and Parecer No 2014 / GJU-2 / PFE-CVM / PGF / AG. Next, a critical analysis of the CVM decision will be presented, from the perspective of the administrative process theory. Findings – At the end of the analysis it was shown that some of the assumptions of the administrative process theory were not duly respected by the CVM when issuing Relatório RA / CVM / SEP / GEA-3 / Nº 21/14 and Parecer No 2014 / GJU-2 / PFE-CVM / PGF / AG, which may raise questions about the reliability and legal acceptance of the decision issued by the regulatory authority. Resumo Propósito – O presente artigo tem como objetivo averiguar se a Comissão de Valores Mobiliários (CVM, ao se pronunciar sobre a natureza jurídica da incorporação de ações, observou os elementos do procedimento administrativo, descritos na teoria processual administrativa da regulação desenvolvida por Steven Croley. Mais precisamente, foi

Mobiliųjų komandų veikimas teikiant integralią pagalbą asmens namuose: paslaugų teikėjų perspektyva

OpenAIRE

Baziliauskienė, Aida

2018-01-01

Su amžiumi vis stipriau pasireiškiant polimorbidiškumui, didėja skaičius senyvo amžiaus žmonių, kurie dėl sveikatos būklės praranda savarankiškumą ir tampa priklausomi nuo kitų žmonių priežiūros ir globos. Šalia globos šiems žmonėms tampa būtinos slaugos ir reabilitacijos paslaugos. 2012 metais buvo įgyvendinama integralios pagalbos plėtros programa, dėl kurios trečdalyje Lietuvos savivaldybių buvo suburtos komandos teikti dienos socialinės globos ir slaugos paslaugas asmenims, turintiems nuo...

Asmeninių mobiliųjų įrenginių, naudojamų įmonėse, saugaus konfigūravimo paramos sistema

OpenAIRE

Drejeris, Vladas

2015-01-01

Nowadays mobile devices, also called smart devices, have reached memory and processing power almost equal to personal and laptop computers. This technological breakthrough has opened a lot of new possibilities for the users. They can use the mobile device to surf the internet, listen to music, watch movies or store data. Moreover, it is possible to install various mobile applications on these devices, which expand their functionality even more. Therefore, smart phones, tablets and other mobil...

La protezione antiarea del patrimonio artistico umbro nella seconda guerra mondiale: il caso di Orvieto / The air-raid protection of Umbria’s cultural heritage during the WWII: the case of Orvieto

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Patrizia Dragoni

2013-05-01

Full Text Available A partire dalla fine degli anni ’20 del Novecento, il Ministero dell’Educazione Nazionale inizia ad adottare misure di sicurezza per la protezione dei monumenti e delle opere d’arte nell’eventualità di un nuovo conflitto, predisponendo la preparazione di appositi piani. Tutte le Soprintendenze italiane vengono chiamate a realizzare elenchi delle opere mobili che avrebbero dovuto essere trasferite in depositi appositamente individuati per il loro isolamento e la distanza dagli obiettivi militari, mentre i monumenti avrebbero dovuto essere protetti con blindature e sacchi di sabbia. Il lavoro presenta un’analisi dei piani che vennero prodotti in Umbria dal soprintendente Achille Bertini Calosso e, in particolare, illustra il caso della città di Orvieto.   Since the late twenties, the Italian Ministry of National Education adopted safeguard measures for the protection of monuments and works of art in the event of armed conflict through the preparation of specific preservation plans. All Superintendents were asked to realize lists of mobile works of art to be transferred to repositories specifically selected for their isolated location and distance from military objectives, while monuments should have been protected by elaborate brickwork and sandbags. The paper provides a detailed analysis of the plans that were produced in Umbria by the Superintendent Achille Bertini Calosso, with a special focus on the case of the city of Orvieto.

Rearquitetura e informação 24 horas no IPA Metodista

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Samile Andréa de Souza Vanz

2007-04-01

Full Text Available As bibliotecas universitárias vêm passando por mudanças há algumas décadas para acompanhar as alterações causadas pelas tecnologias disponíveis na sociedade atual. O ambiente físico da biblioteca é alvo de muitas destas mudanças, já que a informação, contida nas coleções de livros e periódicos, vem sendo transferida para acervos digitais, diminuindo a demanda por espaço físico e pelo contato bibliotecário-usuário, provocando alterações nos hábitos e cultura da comunidade universitária. Neste contexto, foi inaugurada em Porto Alegre a Biblioteca Central do IPA Metodista. O prédio, erguido no início do século passado, foi reformado para atender 24 horas, durante todo o ano. Apresentam-se aqui considerações acerca de layout, mobiliário, sinalização, iluminação, temperatura e preservação do acervo, e como isso foi pensado ao longo da reforma de um edifício destinado a funcionar ininterruptamente. Relata-se também o processo de adequação dos funcionários e do usuário ao horário integral da Biblioteca Central.

O espaço gótico em A máscara da morte rubra The gothic spa ce in The masque of the red death

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Luciana Moura Colucci de Camargo ; Ozíris Borges Filho

2010-12-01

Full Text Available Neste trabalho, analisamos o conto de Edgar Allan Poe, A máscara da morterubra, focalizando principalmente a espacialidade. Como suporte teórico,partimos da proposta da Topoanálise, elaborada a partir das ideias de Bachelard,Iuri Lotman, Osman Lins entre outros. Também recorremos ao ensaio de Poe,intitulado Filosofia do mobiliário. Em nossa análise, verificamos que o percursoespacial do texto se divide especialmente pela coordenada da interioridade,revelando-se então em exterior vs. interior. Temos o país como um espaçoenglobante e externo e, como espaço englobado e interior, aparece a abadiapara onde o duque foge com sua corte.In this paper, we analyze the short story The mask of red death by Edgar AllanPoe, focusing primarily on spatiality. As a theoretical starting point, we have theTopoanalysis proposal based on some ideas developed by Bachelard, Lotman,Osman Lins, among others. This paper also turns to Poe’s essay entitled ThePhilosophy of Furniture. In our analysis, we verify that the spatial path of thetext is divided mainly by the coordinate of the interior, revealing outside versus inside. A country as an including and an outward space and, as an enclosed andinterior space is approached by the abbey where the Duke runs away with hiscourt.

Perceived Risk of Dengue in Ones’ Living Environment as a Determinant of Behavior Change through Social Mobilization and Communication: Evidence from a High Risk area in Sri Lanka

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Hasini Banneheke

2016-01-01

Full Text Available Background: The aim of this study was to assess community knowledge and behavioral impact of the social mobili­zation and communication strategy applied in a dengue high-risk area in Sri Lanka.Methods: A group of adults visiting selected primary care facilities in Colombo district were interviewed to collect socio-demographicdata, attributes of knowledge regarding dengue and the responsive behaviors adopted by them following the dengue control program though the media and social marketing campaigns. These attributes were clas­sified as `good ', `fair,' or `poor' by developing a composite scale for analysis and interpretation of data.Results: The primary source of information was television in the majority. The overall knowledge of the disease, vector and control methods was poor. The overall level of contribution to dengue control activities was good.Conclusion: Awareness of the disease and its complications had not contributed to favorable behavior changes.  While the social mobilization and behavior change campaign in Sri Lanka had low impact on knowledge and be­haviors, a better understating of community perceptions of DF and how these perceptions are formulated within the social and cultural context; would be useful to improve uptake. This knowledge would be valuable for program plan­ners to strengthen dengue control activities in SL and other similar settings across the region.

Gouvernance environnementale locale et comportements économiques

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Christophe Beaurain

2004-02-01

Full Text Available La notion de gouvernance est mobilisée de manière croissante aujourd’hui pour évoquer de nouvelles formes de coopérations entre acteurs de la vie économique et sociale. Appliquée aux questions environnementales, la gouvernance pose à la fois la question de la maîtrise du temps par les acteurs et celle du territoire d’application des décisions prises. On peut donc considérer qu’elle engage un renouvellement de l’articulation entre le temps et l’espace, que doit prendre en compte l’analyse des choix économiques dans ce domaine. L’exemple du bassin d’emploi dunkerquois montre que cette articulation est au cœur d’une participation des entreprises à la gouvernance environnementale.The concept of governance is more and more raised to conjure up new ways of cooperation between actors of the economic and social life. Applied to environmental matters, governance ask both the question of mastery of the time and the one of the territory’s application for taken decisions. We can consider that it engage a renewal of the joint between time and space, that the analysis of economic choices had to take into account. The example of “Dunkerque” show that this joint is the heart of firm’s collaboration in environmental governance.

Conversion of bagasse cellulose into ethanol

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Cuzens, J.E.

1997-11-19

The study conducted by Arkenol was designed to test the conversion of feedstocks such as sugar cane bagasse, sorghum, napier grass and rice straw into fermentable sugars, and then ferment these sugars using natural yeasts and genetically engineered Zymomonis mobilis bacteria (ZM). The study did convert various cellulosic feedstocks into fermentable sugars utilizing the patented Arkenol Concentrated Acid Hydrolysis Process and equipment at the Arkenol Technology Center in Orange, California. The sugars produced using this process were in the concentration range of 12--15%, much higher than the sugar concentrations the genetically engineered ZM bacteria had been developed for. As a result, while the ZM bacteria fermented the produced sugars without initial inhibition, the completion of high sugar concentration fermentations was slower and at lower yield than predicted by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL). Natural yeasts performed as expected by Arkenol, similar to the results obtained over the last four years of testing. Overall, at sugar concentrations in the 10--13% range, yeast produced 850090% theoretical ethanol yields and ZM bacteria produced 82--87% theoretical yields in 96 hour fermentations. Additional commercialization work revealed the ability to centrifugally separate and recycle the ZM bacteria after fermentation, slight additional benefits from mixed culture ZM bacteria fermentations, and successful utilization of defined media for ZM bacteria fermentation nutrients in lieu of natural media.

Production of microbiological fuel

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sinyeris, S

1983-01-01

An examination is made of programs developed in different countries for increasing production of alcohol by fermenting substrates for use in the pure form or in a mixture with gasoline (gasoline alcohol) as liquid fuel for transportation vehicles. Direct conversion of cellulose into alcohol using bacteria excluding hydrolytic processes for production of sugars (substrates for yeast and bacteria Zymomonas) is important. This conversion is done by thermophilic bacteria Clostridium thermocellum with growth temperature 60-65/sup 0/C. It is established that with joint growth of these bacteria with bacteria Clostridium thermohydrosulfuricum, there is a considerable acceleration in the process of cellulose conversion to ethanol and decrease in the number of other products of fermentation (acetyl cellulose and hydrogen) formed with the use of the indicated cultures separately. Under corresponding conditions almost any organic compound (sugar, starch, protein) contained in the straw, natural polymers, wastewater, etc. by fermentation can be converted into methane. The methane produced by the method of fermentation can be used for daily needs or be added to natural gas. In the region of London, Tuyknem, anaerobic units generate a quantity of biogas sufficient to generate electricity needed to guarantee operation of the unit for purifying wastewater and pumping stations supplying the wastewater. Under conditions of sanitary dumps (United States) spontaneous formation of methane occurs. The methane is lifted through drilled wells upwards and can be transmitted on pipes. In recent years extensive study and modeling have begun of the process of fermentation of solid wastes.

ICT: interfacce tra persone e luoghi

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Corinna Morandi

2013-04-01

Full Text Available Nonostante la diffusione del paradigma della smart city sia stata esponenziale, con l’effetto di confonderne il significato, il concetto di “città intelligente” indica comunque un tema di ricerca importante, in particolare quando venga esteso a contesti territoriali più ampi. In questo senso, la ricerca La smart region tra Torino e Milano. I servizi mobili come driver di innovazione territoriale in vista di Expo 2015 (Politecnico di Milano-Telecom Italia si propone di sperimentare l’uso delle ICT per un sistema integrato di servizi nel territorio tra Torino e Milano, anche in prospettiva di Expo 2015: una regione metropolitana valorizzata da un sistema di relazioni già attive e inserita nel contesto più ampio della city-region del Nord Italia, il cui sviluppo va legato ad una strategia di scala vasta, declinabile nella definizione di “smart city-region” o, più semplicemente, di “smart region”. In tale contesto, il ruolo delle università nei processi di sviluppo territoriale, il miglioramento dei servizi materiali e immateriali erogati dai campus, su cui la ricerca (in corso ha scelto di concentrarsi, può contribuire ad aumentare la sostenibilità e competitività del territorio. Una prima sperimentazione è stata condotta sull’area di Città Studi a Milano, testando una metodologia utile a comprenderne le esigenze e individuando soluzioni e servizi funzionanti su  terminali di comunicazione mobile, interfaccia tra persone e luoghi nel campus e nel contesto urbano circostante.

CARACTERÍSTICAS TECNOLÓGICAS DAS MADEIRAS DE Eucalyptus grandis W.Hill ex Maiden E Eucalyptus cloeziana F. Muell VISANDO AO SEU APROVEITAMENTO NA INDÚSTRIA MOVELEIRA

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Ailton Teixeira do Vale

2006-07-01

Full Text Available Este trabalho se desenvolveu na Universidade de Brasília e no Laboratório de Produtos Florestais (IBAMA, Brasília, DF. Foram estudadas duas espécies de eucalipto (Eucalyptus grandis W.Hill ex Maiden e Eucalyptus cloeziana para confecção de peças mobiliárias. A madeira de E. grandis apresenta propriedades físicas (densidade e retratibilidade e mecânicas (flexão estática e dureza extremamente positivas para a indústria moveleira, sendo complementado por seu bom desempenho perante equipamentos e máquinas, além de receber bem produtos de acabamento. A cor da madeira e o seu desenho levaram os consumidores a mostrar ótima aceitação do móvel fabricado com a espécie. A madeira de Eucalyptus cloeziana, apesar de mostrar propriedades físicas e mecânicas com valores mais elevados que as do Eucalyptus grandis W.Hill ex Maiden, apresenta características desejadas para indústria moveleira. A sua coloração cinza oliva é uma opção para o consumidor. Alguns cuidados especiais com essa espécie deverão ser tomados durante operações com máquinas e equipamentos. Os valores da propriedade dureza apresentados por essa madeira a indicam para fabricação de piso.

CUSTO DE CAPITAL MÉDIO PONDERADO NA AVALIAÇÃO DE EMPRESAS NO BRASIL: UMA INVESTIGAÇÃO DA ADERÊNCIA ACADÊMICA E A PRÁTICA DE MERCADO

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Ednei Morais Pereira

2013-12-01

Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho é o de investigar a aderência entre a prática e a literatura atual sobre o uso do Custo Médio Ponderado de Capital (WACC. Para verificar a prática de mercado, realizou-se uma análise nos laudos de avaliação econômico financeiro para os fins de oferta pública de aquisição de ações (OPAs, disponíveis na Comissão de Valores Mobiliários (CVM, de 2004 a 2009. Pelos resultados analisados, concluiu-se que 79% dos laudos aplicaram corretamente o modelo do WACC, como taxa de desconto apropriada ao fluxo de caixa livre da firma, mas apenas 5% utilizaram os valores de mercado para a proporção do patrimônio líquido e dívida no cálculo dessa taxa, e ainda, somente estes laudos (5% utilizaram a taxa de desconto variável ao longo de todo período projetado. E também, ficou evidenciado que a previsão de uma estrutura “ótima” de capital seguido pelo valor contábil predomina as taxas de desconto utilizadas nas avaliações, o que vai de encontro com o preconizado pela literatura atual, mostrando uma falta de aderência entre a prática e as pesquisas atuais.

Business valuation: an analysis of projected cash flows versus takeover bids

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Camila Menezes

2017-12-01

Full Text Available One of the main financial statements is the Cash Flow. It became mandatory from the law # 11,638/2007 on, which changed the law # 6,404/1976 – the Corporations’ law, and the Cash Flow statement allows analysis about the companies’ operations activities effects, investing and financing, highlighting their main sources of financial allocation. In 2005 and 2006, 37 companies registered takeover bids in the Brazilian Securities Exchange Commission (CVM – Comissão de Valores Mobiliários. Based on these companies’ analysis of Projected Cash Flows (FCP – Fluxos de Caixa Projetados when the takeover bids were put in place and their Actual Cash Flows (FCR – Fluxo de Caixa Realizados the objective of this work was to compare those cash flows, to analyze the differences between the Statements of Cash Flows attached to the Appraisal Reports and the actual ones, as well as to check if these companies’ cash were in line with the balances projected in the takeover bids. The obtained results via statistical analysis of differences between the Projected Cash Flows attached to the Appraisal Reports and the effective Actual Cash Flows, all of them compared in the period between 2007 and 2013, did not show significant differences among them. IE: it was observed that, nevertheless the companies did not accomplish the promised Cash Flows delivery when the OPAs were put in place, the differences between the balances projected and the actual ones were not statistically significant.

A Motivação Hedônica no Consumo de Bens Virtuais Cosméticos em Jogos Online

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Ricardo Ribeiro Leitinho

2018-02-01

Full Text Available Esta pesquisa verificou a percepção do comprador de bens virtuais cosméticos em jogos online. Bens virtuais cosméticos são roupas, pets, mobiliário entre outras modificações visuais para o avatar (representação virtual do jogador ou para o ambiente em que este se encontra. O estudo contou com 96 participantes de todos os continentes do mundo. A coleta foi realizada por meio de fóruns online e dentro do jogo League of Legends, bem como questionários distribuídos em universidades brasileiras. A técnica de análise foi a análise de conteúdo. Os resultados demonstraram que os consumidores destes bens são motivados pelo papel representado e pela gratificação. Mas também emergiu um novo fator que desafia o pesquisador a categorizá-lo de três possíveis formas, seguindo a literatura. Observou-se que existe um mercado de consumo para bens virtuais cosméticos, com consumidores voltados a presentear amigos online e a obter uma sensação de felicidade ao adquirir este tipo de bem. Além disso, há uma parcela que se contenta em investir para apoiar o desenvolvedor do jogo - o que parece ser a emersão da nova categoria citada.

Les réseaux sociaux et l’échange entre l’homme politique et les internautes : le cas de Facebook après les élections présidentielles en France Social Networks and the Exchange Between Politicians and Surfers: Facebook and the presidential post elections in France

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Galia Yanoshevsky

2010-10-01

Full Text Available A travers l’analyse des interactions entre hommes politiques et internautes sur Facebook après les élections présidentielles de 2007 en France, cet article vise à montrer comment les réseaux sociaux sont exploités par les deux parties. Au départ un réseau décentralisé qui lie les gens sans intervention politico-hiérarchique, Facebook est mobilisé par les hommes politiques au service de leur besoins. Quelles en sont les conséquences pour la sphère publique : s’agit-il d’un outil qui permet à l’internaute de déjouer les usages de marketing politique qu’en fait l’homme politique ?The purpose of this article is to show how social networks, and more specifically Facebook, are used by politicians and their supporters. This is achieved through a detailed analysis of exchange of posts between politicians and surfers in the period following the presidential election campaigns in France of 2007. It is shown how politicians take advantage of Facebook, despite its initially being a decentralized social network, connecting people without a political or hierarchic purpose. The article attempts to show some of the consequences of such an exploitation of a public network for the public sphere and asks how much leverage there is for the surfers/citizens in moderating political marketing on Facebook.

Bacterial community changes in copper and PEX drinking water pipeline biofilms under extra disinfection and magnetic water treatment.

Science.gov (United States)

Inkinen, J; Jayaprakash, B; Ahonen, M; Pitkänen, T; Mäkinen, R; Pursiainen, A; Santo Domingo, J W; Salonen, H; Elk, M; Keinänen-Toivola, M M

2018-02-01

To study the stability of biofilms and water quality in pilot scale drinking water copper and PEX pipes in changing conditions (extra disinfection, magnetic water treatment, MWT). Next-generation sequencing (NGS) of 16S ribosomal RNA genes (rDNA) to describe total bacterial community and ribosomal RNA (rRNA) to describe active bacterial members in addition to traditional microbiological methods were applied. Biofilms from control copper and PEX pipes shared same most abundant bacteria (Methylobacterium spp., Sphingomonas spp., Zymomonas spp.) and average species diversities (Shannon 3·8-4·2) in rDNA and rRNA libraries, whereas few of the taxa differed by their abundance such as lower total Mycobacterium spp. occurrence in copper (disinfection (total chlorine increase from c. 0·5 to 1 mg l -1 ) affected total and active population in biofilms seen as decrease in many bacterial species and diversity (Shannon 2·7, P disinfected copper and PEX samples formed separate clusters in unweighted non-metric multidimensional scaling plot (rRNA) similarly to MWT-treated biofilms of copper (but not PEX) pipes that instead showed higher species diversity (Shannon 4·8, P < 0·05 interaction). Minor chlorine dose addition increased selection pressure and many species were sensitive to chlorination. Pipe material seemed to affect mycobacteria occurrence, and bacterial communities with MWT in copper but not in PEX pipes. This study using rRNA showed that chlorination affects especially active fraction of bacterial communities. Copper and PEX differed by the occurrence of some bacterial members despite similar community profiles. © 2017 The Society for Applied Microbiology.

La nécropole gauloise de “ Vaugrignon ” à Esvres-sur-Indre (Indre-et-Loire The gaulish burial ground of “ Vaugrignon ” at Esvres-sur-Indre (Indre-et-Loire

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Sandrine Riquier

2006-05-01

Full Text Available Situé à 15 km au sud de Tours, au cœur de l’Indre-et-Loire, le village d’Esvres-sur-Indre est implanté sur le versant nord et le rebord d’un plateau qui domine la vallée de l’Indre. Suite à un projet de lotissement, au lieu-dit “ Vaugrignon ”, un diagnostic archéologique, réalisé en octobre 1998 sous la direction d’O. Ranger, a mis au jour deux inhumations de la fin de l’époque gauloise, dont l’une accompagnée d’une amphore complète (Ranger 1998. La fouille qui a suivi, en été 1999 a confirmé qu’elles étaient intégrées à un ensemble funéraire, composé d’au moins une trentaine de tombes, dont trois avec amphore et arme, datées du milieu du IIe s. av. J.-C. à l’époque augustéenne. Cette nécropole constitue le premier ensemble funéraire connu et étudié à ce jour en territoire turon, situé à la marge occidentale du secteur biturige et de ses tombes aristocratiques (Ferdière, Villard 1993.Utilisée du milieu du IIe s. av. J.-C. à l’époque augustéenne, cette nécropole se compose de 29 tombes, dont une incinération. Elle permet de suivre l’évolution des pratiques funéraires (des tombes les plus modestes à celles pourvues d’amphore et d’arme et d’aborder le statut des enfants. L’analyse des objets met en évidence des dépôts originaux, comme ces trois fibules dans des sacs, les fragments de boucliers dans des tombes de bébés, de menus objets en référence à la métallurgie du fer, des monnaies et des “ services funéraires ” spécifiques à l’âge des défunts. Des épandages de mobilier calciné illustrent des pratiques funéraires post-inhumatoires. La mise en perspective de ces tombes par rapport aux prestigieuses sépultures bituriges (groupe de Fléré-la-Rivière, situées à proximité, est l’occasion d’établir une hiérarchisation sociale à travers les assemblages de mobilier et d’illustrer une partie jusque-là méconnue de la population

Des gentrifieurs mobilisés. Les associations de quartier du South End à Boston The mobilised gentrifiers. The neighbourhood associations of South End, Boston

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Sylvie Tissot

2009-05-01

Full Text Available Cet article porte sur un processus de gentrification dans un quartier d’une grande agglomération des États-Unis, Boston. Il montre que ce processus n’a pas seulement résulté de l’évolution des forces du marché et du retour des capitaux dans les centres-villes, des politiques de rénovation urbaine et de transformations culturelles. La mobilisation collective des nouveaux propriétaires a eu un impact décisif, via les associations de quartier dans lesquelles ils se sont engagés depuis les années 1960.This article concerns the process of gentrification in a district of a large urban area in the United States, Boston. It shows that this process has resulted not only from the evolution of market forces and the return of wealth to the inner cities, urban renewal policies and cultural transformations. The collective mobilisation of new property owners has also had a decisive impact, via the neighbourhood associations in which they have been involved since the 1960s.

Diagnóstico da arborização nas praças públicas de Cajazeiras-PB: interferência no mobiliário urbano

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Dafi Irenice Abreu

2017-09-01

Full Text Available Environmental quality in cities is linked to the way building and wooded spaces are related. The disorderly growth of the cities highlights the lack of planning that reconciles the harmonious coexistence between these two spaces. The consequence is that green areas are incompatible with adequate planting and maintenance criteria, resulting in damage to the population. In this sense, the objective of this project was to analyze the afforestation in Cajazeiras - PB and its impacts to the local community, having as object of research the public squares, pointing out the local effects that the squares observed provide to the physical equipment of this city. For this purpose, a simple afforestation guide was developed to assist in the collection and treatment of data obtained from field visits. The aspects observed in the squares were: quantization of the arboreal species; location between trees and in relation to urban equipment. The existence of conflicts between the trees and the urban components was verified: 72.2% have irregular distances of buildings; 39% do not meet the requirements of planting in sidewalk, 15.25% of this total are causing damages; Concerning trees near the electrical wiring, 33.33% cause interference in the electrical network. It was observed that out of the total of trees in the squares, 41.8% did not meet the minimum distance limit suggested. These results suggest that the planting of trees in the squares was carried out without criteria, and that due attention was not given to the damages that this fact might entail. In this sense, it seems clear that the importance of this work is to provide diagnosis of afforestation in the public squares of Cajazeiras, opening a discussion, mainly with the public administration, on the risks of unplanned afforestation

Propos autour d’un inventaire : quelques peintures italiennes à Bastia

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Michel-Edouard Nigaglioni

2005-09-01

Full Text Available Du Moyen Age à la fin du XVIIIe siècle, Bastia fut une ville italienne dépendant de la république de Gênes. C’est pourquoi les églises de la ville conservent encore nombre de toiles d’artistes génois (Ottavio Cambiaso, Domenico Piola, Giuseppe Badaracco ou provenant de régions italiennes proches de la Corse (Giovanni Bilivert. En 1844, le legs du cardinal Fesch, oncle de Napoléon, fait entrer dans les collections municipales une centaine de tableaux italiens. Des restaurations récentes (Lavinia Fontana et une reconsidération globale du fonds, rendue possible par l’inventaire du mobilier appartenant à la ville, permettent découvertes et propositions d’attribution (Francesco Brizio, Giuseppe Bonito….From the Middle Ages up to the end of the eighteenth century, Bastia was an Italian city belonging to the Republic of Genoa. This is why the churches of the city conserve several paintings by artists of Genoese origin (Ottavio Cambiaso, Domenico Piola, Giuseppe Badaracco or coming from other regions in Italy close to Corsica (Giovanni Bilivert. In 1844, a bequest by Cardinal Fesch (Napoleon’s uncle also brought about a hundred Italian paintings to the collections of the city. Some recent restoration work (Lavinia Fontana and a new, general view of the corpus of paintings, helped by the inventory of the furniture belonging to the city, has given rise to some discoveries and also allows for the authors of certain paintings to be identified (Francesco Brizio, Guiseppe Bonito….

The PduQ enzyme is an alcohol dehydrogenase used to recycle NAD+ internally within the Pdu microcompartment of Salmonella enterica.

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Shouqiang Cheng

Full Text Available Salmonella enterica uses a bacterial microcompartment (MCP for coenzyme B(12-dependent 1,2-propanediol (1,2-PD utilization (Pdu. The Pdu MCP consists of a protein shell that encapsulates enzymes and cofactors required for metabolizing 1,2-PD as a carbon and energy source. Here we show that the PduQ protein of S. enterica is an iron-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase used for 1,2-PD catabolism. PduQ is also demonstrated to be a new component of the Pdu MCP. In addition, a series of in vivo and in vitro studies show that a primary function of PduQ is to recycle NADH to NAD(+ internally within the Pdu MCP in order to supply propionaldehyde dehydrogenase (PduP with its required cofactor (NAD(+. Genetic tests determined that a pduQ deletion mutant grew slower than wild-type Salmonella on 1,2-PD and that this phenotype was not complemented by a non-MCP associated Adh2 from Zymomonas that catalyzes the same reaction. This suggests that PduQ has a MCP-specific function. We also found that a pduQ deletion mutant had no growth defect in a genetic background having a second mutation that prevents MCP formation which further supports a MCP-specific role for PduQ. Moreover, studies with purified Pdu MCPs demonstrated that the PduQ enzyme can convert NADH to NAD(+ to supply the PduP reaction in vitro. Cumulatively, these studies show that the PduQ enzyme is used to recycle NADH to NAD(+ internally within the Pdu MCP. To our knowledge, this is the first report of internal recycling as a mechanism for cofactor homeostasis within a bacterial MCP.

Manutenção de brinquedo em praças públicas

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Fabio Namiki

2007-12-01

Full Text Available O artigo apresenta o jacaré, um dos brinquedos executados no âmbito do Programa Centros de Bairro, que foi responsável pela implantação de cerca de 50 praças na cidade de São Paulo entre 2002 e 2004. O conjunto dos brinquedos deste programa foi apresentado e analisado no mestrado “Manutenção de praças na cidade de São Paulo. Estudo de caso: brinquedos do programa Centros de Bairro”, segundo metodologia que pode ser também aplicada para outros componentes de uma praça e mesmo para a praça em si. Espera-se que esta metodologia sirva como instrumento para o planejamento das ações de manutenção de praças e de mobiliários urbanos de modo geral. Neste texto, são apresentadas informações (da mesma forma que seriam em um manual de uso, operação e manutenção do projeto do brinquedo, obtidas junto aos responsáveis pelo programa, em entrevista com o executor dos brinquedos e através dos desenhos e documentos produzidos para a licitação e execução das peças. São também apresentadas as informações obtidas a partir das inspeções a campo e estimativas do custo de manutenção preventiva. Frente ao custo de reposição de um brinquedo novo, os valores da manutenção nos provam a importância econômica de tais ações.

Qualidade de Vida no Trabalho: Um Enfoque no Profissional de Secretariado Executivo de Uma Instituição Federal de Ensino Superior

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Pablo Pedrosa Teixeira de Oliveira

2012-12-01

Full Text Available Tendo em vista as grandes mudanças geradas pela globalização, as empresas chegaram à conclusão de que os trabalhadores são seus maiores bens. Desta maneira, começaram a pensar e estudar formas de melhorar seu desempenho, levando em consideração que estes passam a maior parte de suas vidas no trabalho. Surgiram assim os primeiros estudos sobre a Qualidade de Vida no Trabalho, tema central desta pesquisa, que enfocou este aspecto nos secretários executivos de uma Instituição Federal de Ensino Superior. Recorreu-se à literatura pertinente para se fundamentar as questões teóricas e logo em seguida foram aplicados questionários aos profissionais de secretariado executivo da Universidade Federal de Itajubá, abordando os aspectos ergonomia, ambiente de trabalho, saúde e sistema de trabalho, além de detalhes do mobiliário utilizado pelos profissionais. Os dados foram tabulados e chegou-se à conclusão de que os secretários executivos que participaram estão satisfeitos com a QVT que possuem. Ainda assim, a maioria afirmou não ter tido informações sobre como evitar doenças ocupacionais que poderiam ser geradas pelo uso prolongado do computador, pelo apoio inadequado dos pés e mãos ou pela maneira errada de se posicionar na cadeira, fatos percebidos durante a pesquisa. Desta forma, recomenda-se que a UNIFEI instrua os seus funcionários, de maneira geral, sobre ergonomia e como prevenir o surgimento de LER/DORT.DOI:10.7769/gesec.v3i2.132

Voyageuses occidentales et impérialisme : l’Orient à la croisée des représentations (XIXe siècle

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Isabelle Ernot

2011-11-01

Full Text Available Cet article s’appuie sur une dizaine de récits de voyages, effectués par des Françaises dans les régions arabo-musulmanes durant la seconde moitié du XIXe siècle. Ils constituent un matériau permettant d’articuler étude sur le genre et l’impérialisme. Le propos concerne particulièrement le rôle des Occidentales dans la construction d’un discours qui accompagne la colonisation et participe de la définition des hiérarchies sociales et/ou raciales. L’analyse comporte deux versants : le premier s’intéresse aux éléments mobilisés dans la production d’une représentation de la femme arabo-musulmane, figure de l’assujettissement et contre-modèle de l’Occidentale ; le second fait retour sur les locutrices elles-mêmes et questionne l’origine de leurs représentations.This article explores how gender and imperialism are articulated in the writings of a number of French women travelers to Eastern and Arab countries in the second half of the 19th century. It argues for the role of these Western women travelers in the construction of a discourse that accompanied the process of colonialism and contributed to the defining of social and/or racial hierarchies. The article begins with an examination of the rhetoric used to produce a representation of the oppressed Arab-Muslim woman, in opposition to that of the Western woman. It then examines the travel writers themselves in an effort to discern the origins of the representations they develop.

Les choses…

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Pierre Curie

2012-05-01

Full Text Available Dans la culture tant des Monuments historiques que de l’Université française, le monumental a longtemps prévalu sur l’objet, peinture, sculpture ou objet d’art qui, lui, dans l’inconscient collectif, relevait tout naturellement du musée. Dans la pensée et dans les goûts d’André Chastel, les catégories n’étaient pas aussi manichéennes et à l’Inventaire, malgré une certaine prééminence de l’architecture, l’objet - au sens large - tint, dès le début de l’aventure, une place non négligeable. Le premier des Vocabulaires parus, en 1969, fut consacré à la tapisserie, suivi, en une vingtaine d’années, par la sculpture, les objets et le mobilier civil domestique, le vitrail…In the culture of France’s historic monuments, as in French universities, the monumental has long been considered as more important than sculptures or works of art, generally seen as more to do with museums. In the writings and tastes of André Chastel, however, the categories were not so clear-cut and, at the French Inventory, although architecture has enjoyed a certain pre-eminence, the object, in the broadest sense of the term, has been taken into consideration form the outset. Over 17,000 items now feature in the national database Palissy, on moveable objects. The first scientific vocabulary, published by the Inventory services in 1969, was devoted to tapestry and, over the last twenty years, other vocabularies have dealt with sculpture, domestic civil furniture and stained glass.

Fasting serum insulin and the homeostasis model of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) in the monitoring of lifestyle interventions in obese persons.

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Vogeser, Michael; König, Daniel; Frey, Ingrid; Predel, Hans-Georg; Parhofer, Klaus Georg; Berg, Aloys

2007-09-01

Lifestyle changes with increased physical activity and balanced energy intake are recognized as the principal interventions in obesity and insulin resistance. Only few prospective studies, however, have so far addressed the potential role of routine biochemical markers of insulin sensitivity in the monitoring of respective interventions. Fasting insulin and glucose was measured in 33 obese individuals undergoing a lifestyle modification program (MOBILIS) at baseline and after 1 year. The HOMA-IR index (homeostasis model of insulin resistance) was calculated as [fasting serum glucose*fasting serum insulin/22.5], with lower values indicating a higher degree of insulin sensitivity. While the median body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference decreased by 10% and 11%, respectively, the HOMA-IR index decreased in an over-proportional manner by 45% within 1 year (BMI baseline, median 35.7, interquartile range (IQR) 33.7-37.7; after 1 year, median 32.2, IQR 29.6-35.1. HOMA-IR baseline, median 2.9, IQR 1.5-4.6; after 1 year 1.6, IQR 0.9-2.7). In contrast to HOMA-IR and fasting serum insulin, no significant changes in fasting serum glucose were observed. Baseline and post-intervention HOMA-IR showed a high degree of inter-individual variation with eight individuals maintaining high HOMA-IR values despite weight loss after 1 year of intervention. Individual changes in the carbohydrate metabolism achieved by a lifestyle intervention program were displayed by fasting serum insulin concentrations and the HOMA-IR but not by fasting glucose measurement alone. Therefore, assessment of the HOMA-IR may help to individualize lifestyle interventions in obesity and to objectify improvements in insulin sensitivity after therapeutic lifestyle changes.

Etude, consolidation et protection de caoutchouc naturel

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François Duboisset

2010-11-01

Full Text Available Un exemplaire d’un fauteuil MAA de George Nelson produit en 1958 a été restauré dans l’atelier mobilier du département des restaurateurs de l’Institut National du Patrimoine. Ce fauteuil est un exemple très représentatif du modernisme américain par sa simplicité des formes et  son esthétisme recherché. Les articulations du dossier en caoutchouc naturel sont fortement fissurées suite à une exposition à la lumière couplée à l’utilisation du fauteuil. Un protocole technico-scientifique a permis d’établir une méthode de comblement réversible des fissures à l’aide d’éthylène vinyle acétate, résine thermoplastique souple. Ce procédé a été appliqué sur les caoutchoucs du fauteuil afin de redonner une cohérence mécanique aux pièces.A MAA chair of George Nelson dating of 1958 was restored in the workshop of furniture in the department of restoration at the National institute of heritage. This chair is a very representative example of American modernism by its simplicity of form and its refine style. The articulation of the back is composed with natural rubber. These are highly cracked due to exposure to light and coupled with the use of the chair. A protocol on scientific-technical established a reversible method of filling cracks with ethylene vinyl acetate with anti-oxidant, soft thermoplastic resin. This method has been applied on the rubber chair to give mechanical coherence to the parts and to the chair.

PALLETS, A LIFE CYCLE ANALYSIS: A STUDY TO DEMONSTRATE THE IMPORTANCE OF DESIGN TO SUSTAINABILITY

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Rita de Castro Engler

2017-11-01

Full Text Available Este artigo tem como objetivo demonstrar a importância do design transdisciplinar voltado para sustentabilidade, relacionando diferentes campos do saber com relevantes questoes e problemas complexos (wicked problems – consumo e produçao, sustentabilidade, gestao de pessoas e processos, tecnologia, excesso de informaçoes, relaçao homem e objeto, cultura, identidade, entre outros – que permeiam o atual cenário fluido e em constante mutaçao. A resoluçao de problemas complexos e perversos nao deve ser entendida como responsabilidade somente dos atores políticos, novas redes devem ser criadas entre indivíduos, empresas e o poder público, associando a criatividade e o empreendedorismo para geraçao de valores compartilhados e soluçoes potenciais em prol da sustentabilidade. A gestao compartilhada de problemas vai ser discutida através de uma metodologia descritiva de estudo de caso em duas comunidades diferentes, mas com propósitos semelhantes. As comunidades do município de Jeceaba (MG e bairro Jardim Canadá (Nova Lima, MG, que reaproveitaram resíduos (paletes descartados para produçao de mobiliários e adornos, com o intuito de minimizar os impactos ambientais, porém uma aplica a metodologia do design no processo criativo e na execuçao das peças enquanto a outra nao adota a metodologia em respeito as limitaçoes locais. A análise desses estudos leva a compreensao da importância do design que produz projetos economicamente eficientes, socialmente justos e ambientalmente sustentáveis.

Patrimoine et tourisme urbain. La valorisation de l’authenticité à Lyon et Pékin Heritage and urban tourism. Valorizing authenticity in Lyon and Beijing

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Yves Bonard

2008-10-01

Full Text Available Le tourisme est au cœur des processus de valorisation des territoires urbains. Le patrimoine – pilier majeur de la touristification – tend à prendre un caractère marchand, en tant que produit à valoriser économiquement dans un contexte de villes en compétition. À partir de l’analyse de deux centres urbains en mutations – Lyon et Pékin –, cette recherche montre d’une part l’usage marchand du patrimoine, produit et mobilisé par les pouvoirs publics. D’autre part, ce papier questionne la notion d’authenticité – centrale dans les discours sur la mise en valeur du patrimoine. Apparaissant comme inopérante du point de vue heuristique, nous faisons l’hypothèse qu’elle détient une dimension proprement « fétiche », concourant à la perception déformée de la réalité des rapports sociaux en jeu dans la production patrimoniale.Tourism lies at the heart of urban territorial valorization. The urban heritage – itself a major pillar of urban tourism – is becoming increasingly commodified, within a context of generalized urban competition. Based on the analysis of two changing urban centers – Lyon and Beijing – this paper analyzes the commodified valorization of heritage, produced by entrepreneurial urban governments, and challenges the notion of « authenticity », itself central to discourses on the valorization of urban heritage. This concept of authenticity bears very little heuristic value, and is itself a « fetish », resulting from a deformed perception of reality under the social conditions of capitalism.

Aspectos Comportamentais no Julgamento Profissional dos Auditores Independentes

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José Emerson Firmino

2013-12-01

Full Text Available Alguns estudos evidenciam que a adoção das International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS proporcionou melhorias na qualidade das informações contábeis. Mas, o conjunto de Procedimentos descritos nas IFRSs é fortemente afetado pelo julgamento profissional dos contadores. O mesmo fato ocorre com o auditor, que deve avaliar se a aplicação das normas resulta em fair presentation. Esse julgamento dependerá da interpretação do auditor sobre o nível de probabilidade associada a determinadas expressões presentes no texto das normas contábeis. Alguns autores evidenciam que existem diferenças significativas na interpretação das expressões verbais de probabilidade entre os auditores e que aspectos comportamentais estão influenciando a emissão do parecer de auditoria. Diante desse cenário, o objetivo deste estudo foi investigar como se comportam os auditores no julgamento de situações subjetivas, inseridos em um cenário pessimista ou otimista, no momento da avaliação dos critérios de reconhecimento e/ou mensuração, quando da execução dos trabalhos da auditoria. A amostra desta pesquisa é composta por 258 auditores independentes com registro de responsáveis técnicos junto à Comissão de Valores Mobiliários (CVM. Os resultados obtidos, por intermédio da análise das respostas dos auditores para situações subjetivas, sugerem que o julgamento do auditor em situações de subjetividade é influenciado por aspectos comportamentais, sendo que eles podem apresentar opiniões distintas em seus relatórios.

Les sépultures chasséennes du sud de la France

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Alain BEYNEIX

2009-12-01

Full Text Available ABSTRACT: A new exam of the «royal» sepulture of Saint-Michel-clu-Touch in Toulouse (dép. Haute- Garonne and a bibliographical study about chassean sepultures in southern France permit to present social aspects of the chassean communities in this area. This study shows on the one hand, a glaring diversity about mortuary practises and rituals, on the other hand, the beginning of a social hiérarchisation. Some sepultures present an architecture or else furnitures which illustre the presence of powerful people in the populations of first farmers in the end of the 5 the millenium and in the beginning of the 4 the millenium B.C. in southern France.RÉSUMÉ: Le réexamen de la sépulture dite «royale» de Saint-Michel-du-Touch à Toulouse (Haute- Garonne suivi d'une étude bibliographique des sépultures chasséennes du sud de la France permettent de relever quelques aspects sociaux des communautés du Néolithique moyen de cette région. Outre de flagrantes diversités de pratiques et de rites funéraires, l'étude de ces sépultures dénote tin début de hiérarchisation sociale. Certaines tombes par leur architecture ou par la qualité de leur mobilier apparaissent comme la preuve tangible d'un phénomène d'émergence du pouvoir au sein des populations de premiers agriculteurs dès la fin du Vo et du début du IV millénaire avant J.C. dans le sud de la France.

Architecture naturelle et architecture symbolique au Néolithique. L’exemple des abris peints des gorges de la Nesque (Vaucluse, France

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Philippe HAMEAU

2009-12-01

Full Text Available RÉSUMÉ: L’expression schématique rupestre, pariétale ou mobilière du Néolithique dans le sud de la France est à placer, essentiellement, aux IVe et IIIe millénaires av.J.C. Pourtant, certaines peintures pourraient être plus anciennes et le décor céramique est de style schématique dès le Néolithique ancien. On décrit ici un groupe de dix abris ornés dans un contexte de gorges: leur topographie, leurs peintures et éventuellement leur mobilier archéologique. La diversité des teintes utilisées et des cas de superpositions de traits nous font supposer plusieurs phases graphiques et une complémentarité des sites. Malgré leur apparente disparité, ces abris répondent à des critères précis qui déterminent leur choix par les Néolithiques, notamment la présence d’un ruissellement périodique. A ce titre, plusieurs concrétions résultant des écoulements d’eau sont rehaussées de colorant rouge. Deux abris sont manifestement des sites de réclusion: la condamnation du couloir du premier, le perchement du second, isolent automatiquement leurs usagers du reste de la communauté. En outre, leurs particularités topographiques et pariétales en font des sites propices à des rites de passage. Par comparaison, les grands porches seraient plutôt des lieux de rassemblement. Toutes ces hypothèses traduisent une volonté de considérer les singularités naturelles des lieux (gorges, abris, parois comme autant d’éléments symboliques participant à la constitution des sanctuaires au Néolithique.RESUMEN: La expresión esquemática rupestre, parietal o mobiliaria del Neolítico en el sur de Francia, se tiene que integrar, principalmente, en los IV y III milenios a.C. A pesar de todo, algunas pinturas podrían ser más antiguas y la decoración cerámica es de estilo esquemático desde el Neolítico antiguo. Se describe aquí un grupo de diez abrigos pintados en un contexto de gargantas: su topografía, sus pinturas y

Un établissement du début du premier âge du Fer en Eure-et-Loir : Sours, Les Ouches A settlement from the first Iron Age in Eure-et-Loir: Sours, Les Ouches

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Frédéric Dupont

2012-01-01

Full Text Available La fouille du site des Ouches à Sours (28 a permis la mise au jour d’une importante occupation du Néolithique ancien et la découverte, dans la partie nord de l’emprise, de plusieurs structures datables du début de l’âge du Fer (Hallstatt C. Elles correspondent à des structures domestiques (un bâtiment et des fosses et à une entité “ cultuelle ”: un double enclos en “ U ”.L’habitation et ses annexes sont représentées par un bâtiment de plan quadrangulaire sur poteaux et une grande fosse riche en mobilier (céramiques, ossements et silex taillés. Cette structure peut être associée au fonctionnement d’un four de type “ polynésien ” et avoir servi de fosse de rejet.Le double enclos, ouvert vers le nord, est localisé au nord-est du site.Même si trois céramiques entières ont été trouvées dans son fossé externe, l’essentiel du mobilier céramique (177 individus sur 192 est issu de la grande fosse. Il s’agit principalement de coupes, de jattes parfois incisées, de petits gobelets à panse globulaire typiques du Hallstatt C ou de vases servant au stockage. Ils sont dotés de manière régulière de cordons digités.Ce petit établissement du début de l’âge du Fer a livré un bon échantillon des céramiques en usage en Eure-et-Loir à cette époque ainsi que des vestiges archéozoologiques et lithiques en quantité intéressante. Ces découvertes donnent de nouvelles informations sur les affinités culturelles à la transition entre l’âge du Bronze et l’âge du Fer, période peu documentée dans le Nord de la région Centre.The excavation of the site of Ouches at Sours (28 has enabled the updating of an important settlement from the early Neolithic and the discovery, in the northern part of the site, of several structures datable to the beginning of the Iron Age (Hallstatt C. They correspond to domestic structures (a building and some ditches and a “worship” entity: a double

ORIENTAÇÃO PARA APRENDIZAGEM, INOVATIVIDADE ORGANIZACIONAL E DESEMPENHO ORGANIZACIONAL SOB A ÓTICA DE EMPRESAS INTERNACIONALIZADAS

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Nathalia Berger Werlang

2017-09-01

Full Text Available A orientação para aprendizagem e a inovatividade organizacional vem contribuindo para que as empresas obtenham melhor desempenho organizacional. Afirma-se que estes elementos são importantes para que a empresa torne-se inovadora e receba destaque no mercado. Este trabalho teve como objetivo identificar a importância da orientação para aprendizagem e da inovatividade para o desempenho organizacional de empresas internacionalizadas do Estado de Santa Catarina. Para atingir os objetivos propostos por esta pesquisa, foi utilizada a abordagem quantitativa e descritiva. Para a coleta de dados, adotou-se a técnica survey, e como ferramenta de aplicação, foi empregado o questionário de Likert 5 pontos. Obteve-se como amostra final da pesquisa 15 questionários válidos, tabulados com o auxílio do Google Drive e Microsoft Excel. Para análise dos dados utilizou-se da estatística descritiva e univariada com auxílio do software IBM SPSS Statistics 21.0. Os resultados apontam que as empresas exportadoras encontram-se no município de Joinville, são indústrias que atuam principalmente no setor de têxteis/ calçado/moda e madeira/mobiliário. As empresas em sua maioria exportam para o Paraguai e Uruguai, por meio da exportação direta, utilizando a modalidade de transporte rodoviário. Quanto a orientação para aprendizagem, pode-se concluir que o gestor possui acesso aos dados que precisa para desempenhar o trabalho de maneira eficiente e eficaz. As dimensões da inovatividade organizacional com maior destaque foram a criatividade, abertura para mudanças, orientação futura e proatividade. Finalizando, pode-se afirmar que os gestores encontram-se satisfeitos com o desempenho organizacional dos seus negócios.

Evidenciação de instrumentos financeiros derivativos nas demonstrações contábeis: uma análise das empresas brasileiras

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Leandro Luís Darós

2005-12-01

Full Text Available Dentro da perspectiva de governança corporativa e de acordo com a Instrução Normativa 235 da Comissão de Valores Mobiliários - CVM, este trabalho apresenta uma pesquisa empírica sobre as formas de evidenciação de instrumentos financeiros derivativos nas Demonstrações Contábeis divulgadas no Brasil. Foram analisadas as Demonstrações Contábeis das vinte maiores empresas brasileiras não financeiras classificadas de acordo com a receita líquida. Como resultado constatou-se que a grande maioria das empresas não atende às determinações da CVM e não evidencia, de forma clara, concisa e objetiva, as informações referentes às suas operações envolvendo instrumentos financeiros derivativos. As principais divergências estão na falta de avaliação dos instrumentos a preços de mercado, ausência de divulgação das políticas de investimento em derivativos e falta de controle do risco de mercado, câmbio e crédito.In the context of financial statement disclosure and in accordance with determinations by the Brazilian Securities and Exchange Commission, this study presents rules and ways to disclose derivatives in financial statements. In the empirical analysis, we examined the financial statements of the twenty biggest public companies arranged by revenue. We verified that many companies do not comply with the Brazilian Securities and Exchange Commission's determinations and do not present a clear, concise and objective disclosure of related financial information. The main problems were related to the lack of evaluation in terms of fair value, lack of dissemination of investment policies in derivatives and quantitative and qualitative control of market, credit and exchange risks.

Local heritage to singularize a wine terroir: the example of pays Foyen (Gironde, France

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Chantal Crenn

2007-04-01

Full Text Available Le vin, enjeu culturel et économique, se trouve aujourd’hui au cœur de dynamiques locales œuvrant à produire de la différence : souvent sous l’impulsion de néoruraux, des éléments naturels et d’histoire locale sont sélectionnés et mobilisés pour recomposer un patrimoine fondateur d’identité, fabriquer une authenticité, et donc légitimer des pratiques. Cet article propose d’observer le phénomène de patrimonialisation afin de comprendre comment les frontières se sont progressivement resserrées autour d’un vin régional devenu un vin local, à travers l’exemple d’un espace viti-vinicole, le Pays Foyen (Gironde, France. Après avoir éclairé les tensions théoriques entre global et local, nous nous intéressons particulièrement au processus de territorialisation et de construction identitaire lié à la mise en valeur du « local » dans le produit.Wine, as a cultural and economic product, is today at the heart of local dynamics working towards producing singularity: often under the impulse of neorurals, elements from the local environment and history are selected and used to recompose a heritage which creates an identity, to make up authenticity, therefore to legitimize specific practices. This paper aims at highlighting the current phenomenon of patrimonialization in order to understand how a regional wine turned into a local wine through the observation of a wine terroir, the Pays Foyen (Gironde, France. After theoretic considerations on global/local tensions, we’ll concentrate on spatial definitions and identity construction linked to the promotion of “locality” in the product.

Marinobacter xestospongiae sp. nov., isolated from the marine sponge Xestospongia testudinaria collected from the Red Sea

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Lee, O. O.

2011-10-14

A Gram-negative, catalase- and oxidase-positive, non-sporulating, rod-shaped and slightly halophilic bacterial strain, designated UST090418-1611(T), was isolated from the marina sponge Xestospongia testudinaria collected from the Red Sea coast of Saudi Arabia. Phylogenetic trees based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence placed strain UST090418-1611(T) in the family Alteromonadaceae with the closest relationship to the genus Marinobacter. The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity between the strain and the type strains of recognized Marinobacter species ranged from 92.9 to 98.3%. Although strain UST090418-1611(T) shared high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Marinobacter mobilis CN46(T), M. zhejiangensis CN74(T) and M. sediminum R65(T) (98.3, 97.4 and 97.3%, respectively), the relatedness of the strain to these three strains in DNA DNA hybridization was only 58, 56 and 33%, respectively, supporting the novelty of the strain. In contrast to most strains in the genus Marinobacter, strain UST090418-1611(T) tolerated only 6% (w/v) NaCl, and optimal growth occurred at 2.0% (w/v) NaCl, pH 7.0-8.0 and 28-36 degrees C. The predominant cellular fatty acids were C-12:0 3-OH, C-16:0, C-12:0 and summed feature 3 (C-16.1 omega 6c and/or C-16:1 omega 7c) The genomic DNA G+C content was 57.1 mol%. Based on the physiological, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic characteristics presented in this study, we suggest that the strain represents a novel species in the genus Marinobacter, for which the name Marinobacter xestospongiae sp. nov. is proposed, with UST090418-1611(T) (=JCM 17469(T) =NRRL B-59512(T)) as the type strain.

A materialidade da escola mineira no século XIX (1825-1850

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Marcilaine Soares Inácio

2011-04-01

Full Text Available Resumo Esse artigo analisa o processo de configuração da instrução pública em Minas Gerais entre 1825 e 1852 focalizando o arranjo material da escola como estratégia de organização do ensino elementar. O objetivo é mostrar, como a partir das experiências com o método de ensino mútuo produziu-se uma materialidade para a escola elementar. Para isso identificamos e caracterizamos os utensílios e o mobiliário escolar, buscando demonstrar como a introdução de uma série de novidades materiais modificou o ensino. Para o período estudado recorremos aos relatórios dos presidentes da província mineira, a um conjunto de correspondências enviadas a eles por professores e delegados de círculos literários, à matéria Educação Elementar do jornal O Universal, a um compêndio e a uma lista de castigos do ensino mútuo. Palavras-chave: instrução pública em Minas Gerais; história da educação.   Abstract This article aims at analyzing the formation of public teaching in Minas Gerais from 1825 to 1855 focussing at the school material as organizational strategy for elementary education. Our goal is to show how from the experiences involving the mutual teaching method materials for the elementary school we created. We, therefore, employed identified and characterized the both the furniture and school utensils trying to show how the introduction of such tools changed teaching. We employed records used by the province presidents, letters sent to them both by teachers and deputies of literary circles, news from O universo (newspaper, a manual and a list of punishments of mutual teaching. Keywords: public teaching in Minas Gerais; history of education.

O Impacto da Governança Corporativa: Conselho de Administração, Estrutura de Propriedade e Controle e as Informações Socioambientais nas Companhias Abertas

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Thamirys de Sousa Correia

2017-12-01

Full Text Available O estudo teve por objetivo analisar o impacto da Governança Corporativa (representada pelo Conselho de Administração e Estrutura de Propriedade e Controle no disclosure voluntário das Informações Socioambientais das companhias de capital aberto no mercado brasileiro. Quanto a metodologia, a amostra foi composta por 204 empresas listadas na Bolsa de Mercadorias & Futuros e Bolsa de Valores de São Paulo no período de 2010 a 2015, onde os dados foram coletados por meio dos formulários de referência divulgado pelas companhias, sites das próprias companhias, site da Comissão de Valores Mobiliários (CVM e banco de dados da Economática®. Com isso, nos resultados analisados por meio da Regressão Logística Binária, foram identificadas que, apenas 47% das empresas selecionadas divulgaram as Informações Socioambientais. Ao passo que, tanto a independência do conselho, quanto a não dualidade do profissional que atua como CEO e presidente do Conselho de Administração, são aspectos imprescindíveis da Governança Corporativa para que haja divulgação de Informações Socioambientais das companhias abertas. Todavia, na variável Participação do Controlador, apesar de serem verificadas significância estatísticas, foram observadas relações negativa, sendo a possível justificativa o fato de que a adoção obrigatória das IFRS para as empresas abertas em 2010, no Brasil, pode ter impactado na disponibilização de Informações Socioambientais mesmo que os controladores das organizações selecionadas possuíssem mais que 50% das ações com direito ao voto.

A Visão da Academia e do Mercado de Trabalho sobre o Ensino da Auditoria

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Jhonatan Hoff

2017-01-01

Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar a percepção do ensino de auditoria sob o enfoque da academia e do mercado de trabalho, com base na avaliação da importância dada por profissionais e docentes aos principais aspectos conceituais e normativos da área de auditoria. Para alcançar o objetivo proposto, coletou-se a percepção dos docentes responsáveis pela disciplina de auditoria e dos auditores atuantes no mercado de trabalho por meio de um questionário estruturado na forma de uma escala Likert. A amostra da pesquisa compreendeu todas as universidades federais e estaduais que possuem e curso de Ciências Contábeis e todas as empresas de auditoria cadastradas no banco de dados da Comissão de Valores Mobiliários (CVM. As respostas obtidas foram tratadas por meio dos testes não paramétricos de Mann-Whitney e a Correlação de Spearman. Os resultados demonstram, que em, aproximadamente, 75% dos assuntos levantados neste trabalho, a academia tende a corresponder à expectativa que o mercado possui acerca da importância dada a tais conteúdos dentro da disciplina de auditoria. As principais diferenças encontradas dizem respeito a assuntos relacionados ao Assurance Service, Auditoria de Entidades sem Fins Lucrativos, Auditoria de Órgãos Governamentais, Controle de Qualidade e Auditoria de Sistemas de Informação, os quais não recebem a ênfase dentro da academia, de acordo com a perspectiva do mercado. Os resultados aqui apresentados podem ser utilizados para que os professores avaliem a disposição dos conteúdos abordados dentro da disciplina, considerando a relevância atribuída pelo mercado.

UNIDADE DE TERAPIA INTENSIVA NEONATAL: RISCOS FÍSICOS COMO FATORES POTENCIAIS DE AGRAVOS À SAÚDE DO TRABALHADOR

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Livia Maria Nunes de Almeida

2014-08-01

Full Text Available As UTIN constituem-se em setores onde são internados recém-nascidos em estado grave, em situações de risco, que necessitam de recursos técnicos e humanos especializados para sua recuperação, exigindo uma abordagem integral da saúde por uma equipe multidisciplinar, cujos membros estão expostos a riscos ambientais e ocupacionais diariamente. No Brasil, há inúmeros convênios e recomendações da Organização Internacional do Trabalho (OIT, aprovados pelas Normas Regulamentadoras (NR32, por intermédio do Ministério do Trabalho que têm como objetivo eliminar ou controlar os riscos ocupacionais. Este artigo teve por objetivo geral identificar as fontes potenciais dos riscos físicos presentes em uma UTIN localizada no interior do estado do Maranhão, capazes de gerar acidentes de trabalho e doenças ocupacionais. O método utilizado foi descritivo e exploratório, de campo, transversal com abordagem quantitativa. Os resultados apontaram como principais agravantes para os riscos a acidentes de trabalho: o teto com rachaduras, pisos de cor escura e sem proteção antiderrapante, armários e outros mobiliários em má conservação e instalações elétricas inadequadas. Quanto aos riscos físicos foram identificados o excesso de ruídos, o calor e a radiação. Concluiu-se ser necessário o desenvolvimento de estudos que discutam os riscos a que os profissionais da saúde da UTIN estão expostos e suas implicações, de modo a oferecer segurança a esses profissionais durante suas atividades laborais, possibilitando, consequentemente, a prestação de uma assistência de qualidade.

Manquons-nous de temps ?

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Dominique Méda

2003-06-01

Full Text Available Les individus des sociétés développées occidentales manquent-ils objectivement et subjectivement de plus en plus de temps? (Schor, 1991; Méda et Schor, 1997 Si ces propos ont suscité, à l’époque, le débat aux États-Unis (les statistiques mobilisées par Juliet Schor avaient notamment été mises en cause par Robinson et Godbey, 1999, spécialistes des enquêtes emploi du temps aux Etats-Unis, il n’en a pas été de même en France, le poids du chômage reléguant légitimement ce genre de préoccupation aux derniers rangs. Depuis quelques années pourtant, sous l’effet de la reprise de l’emploi intervenue entre 1997 et 2000, de l’augmentation du temps de travail de certaines catégories et de la diffusion de la RTT, les enquêtes commencent à s’intéresser à ces questions et à dessiner les contours d’une population pour laquelle le manque de temps constitue un véritable problème. Loin de n’être qu’un petit inconfort personnel, qui serait l’apanage des cadres dirigeants et des wonderwomen, le sentiment de manque de temps apparaît au contraire comme le signe d’un grippage ou d’une inefficacité des mécanismes classiques de régulation, et sans doute comme une invitation à concevoir des politiques publiques capables d’aider à la mise en place d’une nouvelle concordance et d’une plus grande cohérence des différents temps individuels et sociaux.

L’église Saint-Michel de Lille : chronologie d’un chantier

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Catherine Guillot

2012-04-01

Full Text Available Après le démantèlement des fortifications de Lille en 1858, un nouveau quartier est aménagé au sud de la ville, dont un des équipements importants est l’église Saint-Michel, construite entre 1868 et 1874 par l’architecte Alfred Coisel. Très bien documenté, son chantier dévoile un mobilier et un décor exemplaire par son homogénéité et par la place accordée à la peinture murale. Cette étude met en évidence, outre le rôle du peintre Alphonse Colas, des artistes méconnus comme Albéric Duyver et Marie Carin. L’iconographie, qui révèle un des plus importants cycles consacrés à l’archange saint Michel, est également extrêmement caractéristique de son temps.After the demolition of the fortifications at Lille, in 1858, a new quarter developed to the south of the city. One of the important features of this new neighbourhood was the Saint-Michel church, built between 1868 and 1874 to the designs of the architect Alfred Coisel. The building of this church is exceptionally well documented and reveals church furnishings and decoration of an exemplary nature in terms of homogeneity and the special place given over to mural paintings. This study underlines the role of the painter Alphonse Colas, but also the contribution of other, less well known artists such as Albéric Duyver and Marie Carin. The iconographical theme is one of the most important cycles of its time devoted to the archangel Saint Michel, and is highly characteristic of the period.

La « Nouvelle Mosquée » d’Alger. Le déroulement d’une procédure constructive au xviie siècle

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Samia Chergui

2012-01-01

Full Text Available « La Nouvelle Mosquée » est érigée, à la fin du xviie siècle, dans la seule perspective de doter le rite hanéfite de sa propre Grande Mosquée. Cette nouvelle édification relève, à l’évidence, d’une procédure collective exceptionnelle, celle qu’entreprend la milice d’Alger, en l’occurrence le corps des janissaires, en puisant dans les fonds des Subul al-Khayrât. L’examen du livre de comptes qu’avait tenu cette institution ḥabûs, responsable de la gestion de la plupart des mosquées hanéfites et de leurs awqâf, aussitôt après le lancement du chantier, a permis de suivre le déroulement des travaux sur une période de presque dix années, soit de 1067/1656-1657 à 1076/1665-1666. Ce rôle de chantier apporte des éclairages significatifs notamment sur la nature, la provenance, la quantité et le coût des matériaux employés à la construction. Ils ne manquent pas non plus de documenter les aspects concernant leur fabrication, voire leur préparation, et quelque rares fois leur mise en œuvre ; une mise en œuvre qui, ici, revient à la dextérité de nombreux hommes, mobilisés dans le cadre corporatif. La comptabilité salariale, tenue en cette occasion, compte d’ailleurs parmi les rares initiatives de gestion qui ont permis, durant au moins une décennie, de consigner les plus amples détails non seulement sur le profil distinctif de l’ensemble de ces intervenants, mais également sur leur origine géographique, voire confessionnelle.

Les principes distributifs des mesures d’insertion des jeunes à l’épreuve du longitudinal Youth integration measures and their criteria tested by a longitudinal approach

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Léa Lima

2009-07-01

Full Text Available La sélection des bénéficiaires des mesures d’action sociale relève d’un problème éthique qui fait l’objet d’une intense activité cognitive et normative de la part d’acteurs publics outillés par l’expertise. Or, l’examen historique des principes distributifs mobilisés dans les politiques d’insertion des jeunes donne à voir la reformulation des référentiels de l’action publique dans un cadre longitudinal ainsi que ses effets sur les présupposés éthiques des politiques. Le principe de discrimination positive consistant à redistribuer les chances d’insertion en faveur des jeunes les moins formés a été énoncé au sein d’une représentation instantanéiste de l’insertion des jeunes. Il perd de sa validité avec l’institutionnalisation des trajectoires. L’éthique de l’accompagnement du parcours qui devient dominante dans les années 1990 perd de vue les inégalités entre groupes de niveau de formation au profit d’une démarche d’organisation de carrières ascendantes permises par les mesures d’action sociale disponibles.Targeting social programs is an ethical problem for administrators. Therefore, they develop an intense cognitive and normative activity with the help of experts in economics. The history of how funds are allocated in support of youth integration policies shows the longitudinal reframing of public policy and its impact on ethical principles. The principle of affirmative action consisting in redistributing offers among less qualified youth has been formulated according to a static representation of youth integration. It loses its validity with the institutionalization of individual itineraries. The ethic of pathway support that became dominant in the 1990s lost sight of the inequality between groups levels of qualification no longer appeared relevant and gave way to the organization of upwardly mobile careers made possible by the social programs at hand.

Análise do gerenciamento de resíduos sólidos e proposição de melhorias: estudo de caso em uma marcenaria de Cariacica, ES

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Miraya Dutra Degli Esposti Caetano

Full Text Available Resumo: O presente trabalho investiga o gerenciamento de resíduos sólidos em uma empresa moveleira sediada no município de Cariacica, ES. Primeiro, foram obtidas informações acerca do setor moveleiro da região, por meio de material bibliográfico, junto à Associação de Indústrias e Produtos de Insumos do Setor Mobiliário de Cariacica (AMOVEL, à Secretaria Municipal de Desenvolvimento Econômico e Turismo (SEDETUR da Prefeitura de Cariacica e ao Sindicato das Indústrias de Madeira e Atividades Correlatas em Geral da Região Centro Sul do Estado do Espírito Santo (SINDMADEIRA/ES. Em seguida, elaborou-se um questionário para coleta de informações. Depois, escolheu-se uma marcenaria para a análise em questão. Feito isso, por meio de visitas técnicas e entrevistas com o coordenador de produção da empresa, coletaram-se informações sobre o processo produtivo de móveis, com foco na utilização da matéria-prima e insumos, geração de resíduos sólidos, presença de técnicas de Produção mais Limpa, Licença Ambiental e Sistema de Gestão Ambiental. Ao final, constatou-se que, mesmo a empresa possuindo várias técnicas de Produção mais Limpa, há uma elevada quantidade de resíduos sólidos gerados ao longo da cadeia produtiva e que o percentual de perda de matéria-prima é superior a 20%, acima dos 10% estimados inicialmente. Com vistas nisso, alternativas com base no conceito de Produção mais Limpa foram propostas, para melhor aproveitamento e destinação dos resíduos sólidos gerados.

Effects of Board of Directors' Characteristics on the Quality of Accounting Information in Brazil

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Luciana Holtz

2014-12-01

Full Text Available One of the board of directors' responsibilities is to monitor the quality of information disclosed in financial reports. The board's structural and compositional characteristics can affect the quality of reported accounting information. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of the board's structural and compositional characteristics on the quality of accounting information of companies listed on the Brazilian Securities, Commodities, and Futures Exchange (Bolsa de Mercadorias e Futuros - BM&FBovespa. Specifically, the characteristics studied were the size and independence of the board of directors and separation of the roles of chairman and executive director. Accounting information relevance and earnings informativeness were used as proxies for the quality of accounting information. The sample included non-financial companies listed on the BM&FBovespa with annual stock market liquidity higher than 0.001, covering the period from 2008–2011. Data were collected from the Economática® database and directly from companies' annual reports and reference forms available on the Securities Commission (Comissão de Valores Mobiliários - CVM or BM&FBovespawebsites. Data analysis was undertaken using the multiple regression technique for calculating the models of accounting information relevance and earnings informativeness. The results reveal that, for companies that trade stocks on the BM&FBovespa in the Brazilian market, the characteristics of board independence and separation of the roles of chairman and executive director positively influence the quality of reported accounting information, specifically regarding the relevance of equity. Earnings informativeness is positively affected by board independence and negatively affected by larger board size (more than nine members. Overall, the results corroborate international studies such as those of Vafeas (2000, Firth, Fung, and Rui (2007, Ahmed, Hossain, and Adams (2006 and

Biotechnological experiments in space flights on board of space stations

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Nechitailo, Galina S.

2012-07-01

Space flight conditions are stressful for any plant and cause structural-functional transition due to mobiliation of adaptivity. In space flight experiments with pea tissue, wheat and arabidopsis we found anatomical-morphological transformations and biochemistry of plants. In following experiments, tissue of stevia (Stevia rebaudiana), potato (Solanum tuberosum), callus culture and culture and bulbs of suffron (Crocus sativus), callus culture of ginseng (Panax ginseng) were investigated. Experiments with stevia carried out in special chambers. The duration of experiment was 8-14 days. Board lamp was used for illumination of the plants. After experiment the plants grew in the same chamber and after 50 days the plants were moved into artificial ionexchange soil. The biochemical analysis of plants was done. The total concentration of glycozides and ratio of stevioside and rebauside were found different in space and ground plants. In following generations of stevia after flight the total concentration of stevioside and rebauside remains higher than in ground plants. Experiments with callus culture of suffron carried out in tubes. Duration of space flight experiment was 8-167 days. Board lamp was used for illumination of the plants. We found picrocitina pigment in the space plants but not in ground plants. Tissue culture of ginseng was grown in special container in thermostate under stable temperature of 22 ± 0,5 C. Duration of space experiment was from 8 to 167 days. Biological activity of space flight culutre was in 5 times higher than the ground culture. This difference was observed after recultivation of space flight samples on Earth during year after flight. Callus tissue of potato was grown in tubes in thermostate under stable temperature of 22 ± 0,5 C. Duration of space experiment was from 8 to 14 days. Concentration of regenerates in flight samples was in 5 times higher than in ground samples. The space flight experiments show, that microgravity and other

A postura no trabalho dos operadores de checkout de supermercados: uma necessidade constante de análises Supermarket checkout operators posture at work: The continuous need for analysis

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Eduardo Concepción Batiz

2009-04-01

Full Text Available As condições de trabalho nas quais os operadores de checkout de supermercados realizam suas atividades têm sido uma preocupação dos especialistas nos últimos tempos. Essa pesquisa foi realizada em oito supermercados de duas cidades do Brasil com o objetivo de conhecer as condições em que os operadores realizam suas atividades, detectando os fatores de risco para propor medidas que eliminem ou minimizem o aparecimento de efeitos adversos nos trabalhadores. Foi aplicado um questionário e o método RULA a uma amostra de 80 trabalhadores. O estudo mostrou que o mobiliário não está adaptado às características antropométricas da população, a maioria das posturas analisadas é inadequada, não existem revezamento nem pausas que poderiam ajudar a minimizar a situação, existência de sobrecarga, mental e física, entre outras. Conclui-se que a atividade pode representar riscos à saúde dos operadores de caixa de supermercados.The work conditions in which supermarket checkout operators perform activities have been a recent concern to specialists. This research was carried out in eight supermarkets of two cities in Brazil with the aim of knowing the conditions under which operators work, in order to detect risk factors and to propose procedures that could eliminate or minimize their adverse effects on workers. Structured questionnaire and the RULA method was applied to a sample of 80 workers. Major findings of the study as follows: furniture was not adapted to anthropometric characteristics of the workers, most of analyzed positions are not adequate, there was no rotation or pauses that could reduce the risk, there was a significant amount of mental and physical work overload. We conclude that, under current conditions, checkout operations at supermarkets poses health risk to operators.

Adaptações curriculares para o ensino-aprendizagem de alunos com baixa visão

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Ricardo Souza da Silva

2015-04-01

Full Text Available A visão é um dos sentidos mais importante para o ser humano é através dela que se obtém uma imagem integrada do mundo, é responsável por cerca de oitenta e cinco por cento das informações que recebemos, por meio dela apreendemos o mundo. A visão reduzida causa inúmeros prejuízos à pessoa, a área mais afetada é a aprendizagem. Considerando que o aluno com baixa visão necessita de adaptações pedagógicas nos diferentes aspectos da organização do espaço escolar, neste trabalho se buscou verificar as adaptações curriculares realizadas no interior da sala de aula comum e em atendimento especializado para deficiência visual, pertencentes a rede municipal de ensino de Sinop/MT. Constatou-se que a inclusão e atendimento ao aluno com deficiência visual, não corresponde ao discurso político e pedagógico do Plano Municipal de Educação de Sinop. Vários fatores contribuem para a não efetivação deste modelo de educação, dentre eles: acessibilidade física, escassez ou inexistência de materiais pedagógicos adaptados, falta de recursos tecnológicos e ópticos, inadequação do mobiliário, iluminação precária, paredes escuras e sujas, espaços pequenos, destinação à escola de verbas insuficientes para as adaptações necessárias, morosidade no cadastro do aluno no censo escolar nacional, e ainda, instalações provisórias e improvisadas, alocadas para funcionamento de salas de aula, inadequadas, principalmente para o aluno com baixa visão. Palavras-chave: educação; educação especial; baixa visão; adaptações curriculares; aprendizagem.

Co-production of acetone and ethanol with molar ratio control enables production of improved gasoline or jet fuel blends.

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Baer, Zachary C; Bormann, Sebastian; Sreekumar, Sanil; Grippo, Adam; Toste, F Dean; Blanch, Harvey W; Clark, Douglas S

2016-10-01

The fermentation of simple sugars to ethanol has been the most successful biofuel process to displace fossil fuel consumption worldwide thus far. However, the physical properties of ethanol and automotive components limit its application in most cases to 10-15 vol% blends with conventional gasoline. Fermentative co-production of ethanol and acetone coupled with a catalytic alkylation reaction could enable the production of gasoline blendstocks enriched in higher-chain oxygenates. Here we demonstrate a synthetic pathway for the production of acetone through the mevalonate precursor hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA. Expression of this pathway in various strains of Escherichia coli resulted in the co-production of acetone and ethanol. Metabolic engineering and control of the environmental conditions for microbial growth resulted in controllable acetone and ethanol production with ethanol:acetone molar ratios ranging from 0.7:1 to 10.0:1. Specifically, use of gluconic acid as a substrate increased production of acetone and balanced the redox state of the system, predictively reducing the molar ethanol:acetone ratio. Increases in ethanol production and the molar ethanol:acetone ratio were achieved by co-expression of the aldehyde/alcohol dehydrogenase (AdhE) from E. coli MG1655 and by co-expression of pyruvate decarboxylase (Pdc) and alcohol dehydrogenase (AdhB) from Z. mobilis. Controlling the fermentation aeration rate and pH in a bioreactor raised the acetone titer to 5.1 g L(-1) , similar to that obtained with wild-type Clostridium acetobutylicum. Optimizing the metabolic pathway, the selection of host strain, and the physiological conditions employed for host growth together improved acetone titers over 35-fold (0.14-5.1 g/L). Finally, chemical catalysis was used to upgrade the co-produced ethanol and acetone at both low and high molar ratios to higher-chain oxygenates for gasoline and jet fuel applications. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2016;113: 2079-2087. © 2016 Wiley

Audit Committee: Um Estudo das Características das Empresas Listadas na BM&FBOVESPA

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Milena Araújo Rego Amorim

2017-01-01

Full Text Available Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar as características dos comitês de auditoria de 65 empresas listadas na BM&FBovespa nos anos de 2014 e 2015, com as obtidas anteriormente nos anos de 2012 e 2013. Fundamento: O comitê de auditoria pode ser considerado um instrumento da governança corporativa, sendo formado por membros do conselho de administração, e sua composição deverá ser representada por membros independentes e especialistas na área da contabilidade ou financeira. Método: Foram investigadas a expertise, a independência e o tamanho, sendo realizado um estudo descritivo, com abordagem quantitativa e pesquisa documental. Resultados: Foi possível identificar que, em 2014, as áreas mais significativas foram engenharia, economia, administração e contabilidade, havendo poucas variações no ano de 2015. Quanto à independência dos membros, a maioria das empresas cumpriu com as boas práticas de governança corporativa, sendo que em 2014 aproximadamente 14% das empresas não atenderam a este requisito. Com mediana de 3,0 membros e médias de 3,22 em 2014 e 3,20 membros em 2015, cumpriram-se, em sua maioria, as recomendações da Comissão de Valores Mobiliários contidas na instrução n° 509, na Lei Sarbanes-Oxley e na Resolução BACEN nº 3.198/04. No que se refere ao tamanho, os resultados mostram que 49 empresas, nos anos referenciados, continham três ou mais membros em seus comitês, correspondendo, respectivamente, a 75,3% e 74,3%. Contribuições: Verificou-se que os comitês de auditoria não se apresentam de forma homogênea nas empresas e, mesmo com as recomendações de órgãos internos e da Lei Sarbanes-Oxley, apresentam-se de formas diversas.

Necessary conditions to implement innovation in remote networked schools: The stakeholders’ perceptions

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Sandrine Turcotte

2008-12-01

Full Text Available Remote Networked Schools (RNS is an initiative by the Quebec Ministry of Education, Leisure and Sports (MELS to investigate solutions that the use of information and communication technologies (ICT can offer for the preservation of small rural schools in Quebec, Canada. The implementation of RNS mobilized then – as it still does now – the local capacity for innovation of all the stakeholders involved in this networking effort to improve learning. Building on Donald P. Ely’s work (1990; 1999, this paper presents the results of an investigation of the RNS educational stakeholders’ perceptions of the importance of the conditions that facilitate the implementation of educational technology innovations for the success of RNS in their locations. Les conditions nécessaires à l’implantation de l’innovation de l'École éloignée en réseau: la perception des intervenants Résumé: L’École éloignée en réseau est une initiative du Ministère de l’Éducation, du Loisir et du Sport du Québec (MELS, qui a comme objectif d’explorer ce que l’usage des technologies de l’information et de la communication (TIC peut offrir pour la sauvegarde des petites écoles rurales au Québec, Canada. L'implantation de l’École éloignée en réseau a mobilisé (et continue aujourd’hui la capacité locale, pour l’innovation, de tous les intervenants impliqués dans cet effort de mise en réseau pour améliorer l’apprentissage. Partant des recherches de Donald P. Ely (1990; 1999, ce texte présente les résultats d’une étude sur la perception des intervenants impliqués dans l’École éloignée en réseau, quant à l’importance des conditions facilitant l’implantation d’innovations technologiques afin que cela soit un succès dans leur communauté.

Návrh konstrukčního řešení nábytkového mobiliáře do vstupního prostoru rodinného domu.

OpenAIRE

Vávrová, Ester

2016-01-01

Thesis deals with issues of storage furniture, which is designed for an entrance area of a family house. It's therefore a hall equipment. Theoretical part of the thesis deals with appropriate kinds of furniture for a hall, which is primarily storage furniture. Aslo it discusses about problems of furniture dimension, material, construction and safety. Final proposal of hall equipment is based on search existing offers on the czech market. Practical part of the thesis deals with construction so...

O modernismo e o núcleo fabril: o anteprojeto de Lúcio Costa para monlevade

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Telma de Barros Correia

2003-12-01

Full Text Available O anteprojeto concebido pelo arquiteto Lúcio Costa para o concurso promovido em 1934 pela siderúrgica Belgo-Mineira, para Monlevade, promove uma articulação entre a forma dos núcleos fabris e os postulados da arquitetura moderna. A proposta revela influências do pensamento de Gilberto Freyre, que se evidenciam na recuperação da noção de "plasticidade" como uma qualidade essencial ao plano, expressa pelo "delineamento elástico" pretendido pelo arquiteto. A mistura de técnicas construtivas modernas e tradicionais nos projetos arquitetônicos pode ser entendida como uma manifestação contemporânea da qualidade "plástica", tão celebrada por Freyre em relação à nossa arquitetura residencial colonial. O arquiteto recupera também princípios básicos que costumavam reger a organização espacial de núcleos fabris: dispersão, neutralização das ruas, moradias econômicas, higiênicas e protegidas dos estranhos. Trata a casa como lugar de repouso e vida familiar, enquanto investe contra a noção da rua como lugar de convívio. Propõe que a Belgo-Mineira exerça ingerência direta sobre o mobiliário e a decoração das moradias, sugerindo a reedição de procedimentos comuns nos núcleos fabris: controle da empresa sobre o comércio e sua intromissão na ordem doméstica. Os projetos dos prédios de uso coletivo promovem um encontro entre os propósitos de economia e sinceridade, presentes no discurso das vanguardas, e a lógica contábil do utilitarismo fabril. Essa atitude indica não apenas o empenho do projetista em traduzir as demandas da Belgo-Mineira, como os vínculos existentes entre os núcleos fabris - com suas contribuições para a definição do hábitat proletário moderno e a neutralização da rua - e a idéia de moradia de massa proposta pelas vanguardas modernistas.

The Response of a 16S Ribosomal RNA Gene Fragment Amplified Community to Lead, Zinc, and Copper Pollution in a Shanghai Field Trial

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Shumeng Kou

2018-03-01

, Methylophilus methylotrophus, Nitrosospira, and Lysobacter mobilis. The capacity to track alterations of an amplified microbial community at high taxonomic resolution using modern bioinformatic approaches, as well as identifying where that resolution is lost for technical or biological reasons, provides an insight into the complexity of the microbial world resisting anthropogenic pollution. While functional assessment of uncharacterized organisms within environmental samples is technically challenging, an important step is observing those organisms able to tolerate extreme stress and to recognize the extent to which important amplifiable community members still require characterization.

The Response of a 16S Ribosomal RNA Gene Fragment Amplified Community to Lead, Zinc, and Copper Pollution in a Shanghai Field Trial.

Science.gov (United States)

Kou, Shumeng; Vincent, Gilles; Gonzalez, Emmanuel; Pitre, Frederic E; Labrecque, Michel; Brereton, Nicholas J B

2018-01-01

methylotrophus , Nitrosospira , and Lysobacter mobilis . The capacity to track alterations of an amplified microbial community at high taxonomic resolution using modern bioinformatic approaches, as well as identifying where that resolution is lost for technical or biological reasons, provides an insight into the complexity of the microbial world resisting anthropogenic pollution. While functional assessment of uncharacterized organisms within environmental samples is technically challenging, an important step is observing those organisms able to tolerate extreme stress and to recognize the extent to which important amplifiable community members still require characterization.

Unidades habitacionais hoteleiras na Ilha de Santa Catarina: um estudo sobre acessibilidade espacial Habitational units in hotels of the Island of Santa Catarina: a study about Spatial accessibility

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Vera Helena Moro Bins Ely

2009-01-01

Full Text Available Este artigo trata da avaliação das condições de acessibilidade espacial em unidades habitacionais (UHs, ditas acessíveis, de hotéis residenciais na ilha de Santa Catarina. Para tanto, visitas exploratórias permitiram o levantamento arquitetônico das UHs escolhidas e a análise de sua adequação aos parâmetros técnicos estabelecidos pela NBR 9050/2004. Entrevistas com diferentes usuários complementam o estudo na medida em que apontam as reais dificuldades enfrentadas por eles, devido às inadequadas soluções de acessibilidade presentes nos ambientes da rede hoteleira. Os métodos utilizados permitiram classificar os problemas de acessibilidade espacial segundo quatro componentes - orientação espacial, deslocamento, uso e comunicação - e relacioná-los às deficiências e habilidades dos diversos usuários. Encontrou-se maior prevalência de problemas ligados ao uso de mobiliários e equipamentos, os quais afetam a realização de atividades com conforto e independência. Verifica-se, também, que a NBR 9050/2004 ainda direciona seus parâmetros técnicos para atender principalmente deficientes físico-motores.This paper deals with the evaluation of the conditions of spatial accessibility in habitation units (UHs considered accessible in residential hotels on the Island of Santa Catarina. For this purpose, exploratory visits allowed an architectonic survey of the chosen UHs and an analysis of their adjustment to the technical parameters established by NBR 9050/2004. Interviews with different users completed the study which highlighted the real difficulties faced by them due to inadequate solutions of accessibility present in the hotel network environments. The methods facilitated a classification of the problems of spatial accessibility according to four components - spatial orientation, displacement, use and communication - and related them to the abilities and disabilities of the various users. A higher prevalence of problems

Les compétences infirmières mobilisées dans un service d'oncologie pédiatrique pour répondre aux besoins de l'enfant et sa famille: travail de Bachelor

OpenAIRE

Alemanno, Gaëtan; Lorency, Vincent; Morf, Benjamin; Delajoux, Annie

2013-01-01

Dans ce travail de bachelor, nous nous intéressons aux compétences infirmières en onco-hématologie pédiatrique. En faisant cette recherche, nous mettons en évidences le vécu des parents dont l’enfant est malade, ainsi que leurs différents besoins ressentis, que ce soit de l’enfant ou des proches aidants. Nous identifions ces compétences en comparant, les actions et pratiques infirmières, avec le modèle de Calgary.

Tecniche di rilievo tridimensionale e rischio idrogeologico: condivisione in rete di dati in alta risoluzione LiDAR

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Giorgio Paolo Maria Vassena

2013-03-01

Full Text Available Le tecniche di rilevamento tridimensionale con misurazione ad alta densità, ad esempio tramite approcci LiDARaerotrasportati, da terra (TLS - Terrestrial Laser Scanner o su mezzi mobili (mobile mapping, permettono di rilevaree osservare il territorio con una accuratezza, una risoluzione e una ricchezza di dettaglio globalmente molto elevaterispetto agli approcci di rilevamento tradizionali. Per la gestione delle grandi moli di dati generati si presenta unaapplicazione di una tecnologia altamente innovativa, unica a livello internazionale, sviluppata dall’Università degli Studidi Brescia, in accordo con l’azienda spin-off Gexcel srl, che permette la condivisione e visualizzazione di dati ad altadensità, anche via rete.Abstract 3D surveying techniques dealing withhigh density measurement (i.e. throughairborne LiDAR by TLS - Terrestrial LaserScanner - or by mobile mappingallow to survey and observe the territorywith accuracy, a particular resolutionand richness of details extremely highcompared to traditional survey approaches.These technologies, due tothe size of raw data, not allow the sharingand the direct reading of 3D databy different users. Usually, the data areput into standard formats (digital terrainmodel, contour lines, etc. to beshared. The raw data (with all the associatedcontents are, on the otherhand, generally lost or saved in formatsand devices (hard disks or DVD thatdoesn’t make it available to the costumer.An application of a technologydeveloped by the University of Brescia(together with the spin-off Gexcel srl ispresented. This application allows thesharing and visualization of these databy web. The difficulty of implementingthe sharing technologies of LiDARdata lies in the transfer of 3D surveyeddata, even if only to display them. Thisresearch intends to propose a new wayof data managing/transmission, also byinternet, enabling to store 3D LiDARdata in a single file and to add differentlayers on this model. In particular

Tecniche di rilievo tridimensionale e rischio idrogeologico: condivisione in rete di dati in alta risoluzione LiDAR

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Giorgio Paolo Maria Vassena

2013-03-01

Full Text Available Le tecniche di rilevamento tridimensionale con misurazione ad alta densità, ad esempio tramite approcci LiDARaerotrasportati, da terra (TLS - Terrestrial Laser Scanner o su mezzi mobili (mobile mapping, permettono di rilevaree osservare il territorio con una accuratezza, una risoluzione e una ricchezza di dettaglio globalmente molto elevaterispetto agli approcci di rilevamento tradizionali. Per la gestione delle grandi moli di dati generati si presenta unaapplicazione di una tecnologia altamente innovativa, unica a livello internazionale, sviluppata dall’Università degli Studidi Brescia, in accordo con l’azienda spin-off Gexcel srl, che permette la condivisione e visualizzazione di dati ad altadensità, anche via rete. Abstract 3D surveying techniques dealing withhigh density measurement (i.e. throughairborne LiDAR by TLS - Terrestrial LaserScanner - or by mobile mappingallow to survey and observe the territorywith accuracy, a particular resolutionand richness of details extremely highcompared to traditional survey approaches.These technologies, due tothe size of raw data, not allow the sharingand the direct reading of 3D databy different users. Usually, the data areput into standard formats (digital terrainmodel, contour lines, etc. to beshared. The raw data (with all the associatedcontents are, on the otherhand, generally lost or saved in formatsand devices (hard disks or DVD thatdoesn’t make it available to the costumer.An application of a technologydeveloped by the University of Brescia(together with the spin-off Gexcel srl ispresented. This application allows thesharing and visualization of these databy web. The difficulty of implementingthe sharing technologies of LiDARdata lies in the transfer of 3D surveyeddata, even if only to display them. Thisresearch intends to propose a new wayof data managing/transmission, also byinternet, enabling to store 3D LiDARdata in a single file and to add differentlayers on this model. In

Un nouvel habitat du Bronze final IIIb dans le Val d’Orléans et ses traces de métallurgie du fer : Bonnée, Les Terres à l’Est du Bourg (Centre, Loiret A new settlement from late Bronze IIIb in the val d’Orléans: Bonnée, Les Terres à l’Est du Bourg (lands to the east of the town (Centre, Loiret

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Stéphane Joly

2011-12-01

Full Text Available La multiplication récente des diagnostics archéologiques autour du petit bourg actuel de Bonnée a permis la détection d’une occupation du Bronze final IIIb (circa 900-750 av. n.-e. sur environ un hectare aux Terres à l’Est du Bourg. Les limites inhérentes à ce type d’intervention réduisent l’interprétation des structures et toute approche spatiale de ce probable habitat repéré. L’étude conjointe des différents mobiliers en particulier céramique et métallurgique, mais aussi le torchis et la faune, atteste de sa culture matérielle et de son intérêt. Ces scories pourraient être parmi les plus anciennes traces en région Centre d’activité métallurgique du fer. Des activités de post-réduction sont avérées et certaines opérations de forgeage sont supposées.La découverte de cet habitat dans ce secteur du lit majeur de la Loire, apporte de nouvelles données concernant l’occupation du sol et ses problématiques évolutives dans le Val d’Orléans sur ces périodes de transition avec le Hallstatt ancien.The recent increase in the archaeological evaluations around the village of Bonnée has enabled the discovery of a final Bronze Age IIIb settlement (circa 900-750 BP on about a hectare of the Terres à l’Est du Bourg. The limits inherent in this type of work restrict the interpretation of structures and all spatial approaches to this likely dwelling. The joint study of the different furnishings, in particular ceramics and metal, but also the cob and fauna, attests to its material culture and its interest. The slag could be amongst the oldest iron metallurgy remains from the Centre region. Some activities of post-forging are proven and certain operations are guessed at. The discovery of this settlement in this sector of the major bed of the Loire, has produced new data concerning the occupation of the land and its evolutionary problems in the valley of Orleans over these periods of transition in the early

Experimental determination of the speciation, partitioning, and release of perrhenate as a chemical surrogate for pertechnetate from a sodalite-bearing multiphase ceramic waste form

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Pierce, Eric M.; Lukens, Wayne W.; Fitts, Jeff. P.; Jantzen, Carol. M.; Tang, G.

2013-12-01

-bearing sodalites contained in the multiphase ceramic matrix are present as mixed-anion sodalite phases. These results suggest the multiphase FBSR NAS material may be a viable host matrix for long-lived, highly mobilie radionuclides which is a critical aspect in the management of nuclear waste.

Le recours aux catégories dans la gestion du choix au cours d’un repas au restaurant

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Hugol-Gential Clémentine

2012-07-01

Full Text Available Ce travail, ancré dans le champ de l’Analyse Conversationnelle (Sacks, 1992, s’intéresse à une question centrale à laquelle les clients sont perpétuellement confrontés lors de la prise d’un repas au restaurant : le choix. Plus précisément, nous nous intéressons à son caractère situé et à son déploiement en interaction en nous basant sur un corpus audiovisuel collecté en situation « naturelle » de production, lors de repas au restaurant, afin d’étudier la parole-en-interaction telle qu’elle est localement produite et organisée par les participants (Heath, Hindmarsch & Luff, 2010. Après avoir exposé le lien entre identité et alimentation et la notion de catégorisation telle qu’elle a été développée en Analyse Conversationnelle, nous proposerons deux analyses de séquences de prise de commande pendant lesquelles les choix des clients sont discutés et négociés avec le sommelier ou le serveur. Grâce à des analyses séquentielles basées sur des transcriptions fines, nous soulignerons que les participants à l’interaction manifestent de façon reconnaissable qui ils sont (clients experts, non experts, habitués... afin d’organiser de façon intelligible leurs actions et de permettre à leurs partenaires de s’y ajuster. Nous analyserons finement les catégories utilisées par les participants, et nous décrirons les différents procédés mobilisés afin d’organiser et d’orienter la prise de commande. Ainsi, dans un premier extrait, nous verrons que les clients s’orientent, tout d’abord, vers l’exhibition de leur propre identité, tandis que dans un deuxième extrait, c’est le plat à la carte qui fait l’objet d’une première catégorisation. L’ensemble de ce travail nous permettra de montrer que les catégories sont structurantes pour l’organisation du choix et que leur déploiement séquentiel au cours de l’interaction est constitutif des affiliations ou des désaffiliations lors

A imagem do Padre Cícero e a Feira de São Cristóvão no Rio de Janeiro: relações com a memória, a história e o turismo

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Elis Regina Barbosa Angelo

2016-12-01

Full Text Available Esse artigo tem como principal enfoque, estudar por meio dos elementos de memória e história, as representações culturais da vida e obra de Padre Cícero Romão Batista em outros territórios, especialmente por meio de documentos e objetos sob o poder de “guardiões da memória”, situados no centro de tradições nordestinas do Rio de Janeiro - Feira de São Cristóvão. Ao construir uma representação de religiosidade, por meio da manutenção de acervos, objetos e documentos que compõe não apenas um espaço de memória, mas a leitura de outros sujeitos participantes da vida e obra de padre Cícero, recria os sentidos de fé e continuidade de extensão à imagem e figura de um líder que corrobora com o pertencer dos migrantes da cidade e do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Como metodologia, foi elaborado inventário de bens para direcionar quais os elementos de representação da vida do padre estão condensados nesse espaço, que incluem mobiliário, vestes, documentos e registros manuscritos de pessoas que tiveram contato com ele e de lembranças, memórias e testemunhos vivos. Também foi aplicada pesquisa quantitativa entres os membros do centro de tradição nordestina e os frequentadores de forma a levantar uma estimativa e perfil desta população responsável pela representação, manutenção e adaptação da cultura e religiosidade nordestina fora do nordeste intitulada: “quem são nossos nordestinos”. Como resultado compreendeu-se a partir dos sentidos da manutenção da religiosidade pela cultura popular, pela representação do padre e pela ideia de manter os elos com a terra, a história, e a figura do líder em outros tempos/espaços, as relações entre memória, história e turismo, numa tríade capaz de ampliar as discussões sobre como se forma o patrimônio cultural da religiosidade dos nordestinos em outros recantos.

Avaliação ergonômica de cadeiras de madeira e derivados Ergonomic evaluation of chairs made of wood and its derivatives

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Amaury Paulo de Souza

2010-02-01

Full Text Available Este trabalho teve como objetivo realizar a avaliação ergonômica de cadeiras de madeira e derivados fabricadas no Polo Moveleiro de Carmo do Cajuru, MG, visando à melhoria da qualidade ergonômica dos móveis, envolvendo aspectos de adaptação antropométrica, conforto e de segurança. A coleta de dados foi realizada em cadeiras fabricadas por indústrias associadas ao Sindicato das Indústrias do Mobiliário e de Artefatos de Madeira no Estado de Minas Gerais de Carmo do Cajuru - SINDIMOV, MG. Os critérios de conformidade foram definidos de acordo com os princípios de antropometria, ergonomia e os aspectos de segurança para o usuário. Os resultados das medições foram confrontados com recomendações e dados antropométricos existentes na literatura. Observou-se que os maiores problemas detectados nas cadeiras estavam relacionados às dimensões do assento. A altura dos assentos de todas as cadeiras foi superior aos valores recomendados na literatura. Os encostos não apresentaram problemas quanto à sua largura, porém necessitavam de adequação dos ângulos de inclinação em relação aos assentos. Outro problema encontrado foi a grande incidência de quinas e bordas retas que podem ocasionar injúrias aos usuários desses móveis.This study aimed to carry out an ergonomic assessment of chairs and wooden products manufactured in the furniture cluster of Carmo do Cajuru, MG, and improve the ergonomic quality of furniture, involving aspects of anthropometric adaptation, comfort and safety. Data were collected from chairs manufactured by industries associated with the Union of Furniture Industries and Wooden Artifacts located in Carmo do Cajuru in the State of Minas Gerais - SINDIMOV, MG. Compliance criteria were defined according to the anthropometric principles, aspects of ergonomics and safety for the user. Measurements were compared with anthropometric data and recommendations in the literature. The major problem identified in

Arte y poder episcopal en la Castilla de los Trastámara

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Marta CENDÓN FERNÁNDEZ

2007-01-01

Full Text Available Au cours du Moyen Âge, les évêques représentent un double pouvoir. Tout d’abord, ils occupent avec les nobles le sommet de l’échelle sociale, et, en même temps, ils exercent leur autorité — spirituelle et temporelle — au sein de l’Église. Dans le domaine artistique, leur domination trouve une première expression dans la construction de forteresses, de palais et de cathédrales, dans le mécénat dans le cadre de leur diocèse, qu’il s’agisse de mobilier, d’habits liturgiques, d’images de dévotion, de pièces d’orfèvrerie ou de livres destinés soit au culte soit à la formation du clergé. Cependant, c’est surtout à travers les chapelles funéraires que les prélats entendent affirmer et conforter leur pouvoir. Les gisants des sépulcres commandés par les évêques arborent pour cela les symboles de leur autorité : la crosse, la mitre et, parfois, certains éléments du costume épiscopal qu’ils revêtent lors de la cérémonie de consécration.A lo largo de la Edad Media, los obispos ocupan una doble posición preponderante: están en la cumbre tanto de la sociedad, junto con la nobleza laica, como de la jerarquía eclesiástica, cuyo poder se despliega sobre aspectos temporales y espirituales. En relación con el arte, esta dominación quedará patente en sus fortalezas o palacios, en la promoción de obras en sus catedrales, teniendo en cuenta el enriquecimiento de su sede con mobiliario e indumentaria litúrgica, imágenes de devoción, obras de orfebrería o libros destinados tanto al culto como a la formación. Sin embargo, la mejor expresión del poder episcopal se halla en sus capillas funerarias y de modo particular en sus conjuntos sepulcrales donde se harán representar con sus principales símbolos de poder: báculo y mitra, así como los restantes elementos de la indumentaria episcopal cuyo simbolismo queda recogido en la ceremonia de consagración.

Savoir y être. Production de localité par l’engagement dans un folklore festif How to be(long. Production of localness through participation in folk festivities

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Céline Bouchat

2010-01-01

Full Text Available Chaque année, des milliers de Belges défilent habillés en soldats de l’Empire dans les rues d’une centaine de localités de l’Entre-Sambre-et-Meuse, en Belgique francophone. Le succès croissant rencontré par ces Marches folkloriques s’explique notamment par l’important potentiel identificatoire inhérent à la pratique festive. Ces Marches reflètent notamment des dynamiques sociales et identitaires originales qui émergent dans des localités rurales wallonnes en pleine mutation depuis plusieurs décennies. La participation aux Marches permet de recréer un local pouvant faire l’objet d’une identification collective. Cette construction s’accommode de la variété croissante des profils et des trajectoires des participants, en termes d’ancrage généalogique, de mobilité professionnelle ou même de lieu de vie. Elle s’appuie sur une série de dispositifs corporels, matériels et spatiaux, propres au répertoire folklorique. Dans ce cadre, les catégories du rural et de l’urbain sont mobilisées en tant qu’univers de représentations et de pratiques, pour faire valoir et matérialiser contextuellement des formes d’attachement variées aux villages et, plus globalement, à la ruralité.Every year, thousands of Belgian citizens in imperial soldiers’ uniforms parade through the streets of about a hundred villages of the Entre-Sambre-et-Meuse region, in Francophone Belgium. The growing success enjoyed by these “folk walks” stems most notably from their inherent yet remarkable potential for constructing and combining a wide range of both social affiliation and differentiation processes. In particular, they reflect social and identity dynamics that have arisen in rural Walloon areas that for decades have been undergoing major changes. Participating in the walks thus allows recreating a localness that can ground collective identification. This social construction accommodates the growing diversity in participants�

Standing up to Intersectional Discrimination: a Multi-dimensional Approach to the Case of Spain Faire face à la discrimination intersectionelle : une approche multi-dimensionnelle du cas espagnol

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Olga Jubany

2012-05-01

Full Text Available In analysing and understanding discrimination in our globalised society, the intersectional approach becomes fundamental to move beyond presumed collective classifications and adopt a conceptual framework inclusive of all forms of discrimination and their intersections. However, this does not only relate to the existence of different forms of the discriminatory experience, but also to the diversity in resistance and to the ways in which individuals stand up to it. By presenting an in-depth exploration of the case of Spain, this paper illustrates the key elements that play a role in the use of resources to complain against experiences of discrimination as a means of resistance. This is analysed through a multi-dimensional approach which reveals the existence of a breach between the prominent application of the intersectional concept at the academic level and its minimal use by individuals experiencing discrimination and those dealing with discrimination complaints. It is by linking the results of an empirical investigation with the arguments outlined at the wider academic sphere that this paper attempts to bridge the gap between the everyday experiences and the conceptual debate.En analysant et en comprenant la discrimination à l’aune de notre société globalisée, l’approche intersectionnelle devient fondamentale pour dépasser les classifications collectives présumées et pour adopter un cadre conceptuel incluant toutes les formes de discrimination et leurs intersections. Cela renvoie non seulement à l’existence de différentes formes d’expérience discriminatoire mais aussi aux différentes manières dont les individus y font face et y résistent. À partir d’une exploration approfondie du cas espagnol, cet article montre les éléments-clés qui jouent un rôle dans l’usage des ressources mobilisées comme moyen de résistance en cas d’expériences discriminatoires. Grâce à une approche multi-dimensionnelle, l’analyse r

Phrases sans parole : à propos d'une histoire d'amour du XXe siècle

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Patron Sylvie

2012-07-01

Full Text Available Cet article porte sur les relations entre récit (plus précisément narration et fiction dans une nouvelle de Mario Benedetti, "Cinq ans de vie", extraite des Histoires de Paris. Son cadre de référence théorique est la théorie non communicationnelle ou théorie poétique de la narration de S.-Y. Kuroda et Ann Banfield. Dans la première partie, je présente brièvement la théorie pour pouvoir déterminer ensuite ses modalités d"application à la nouvelle de Benedetti (nouvelle "fantastique", selon le terme de l'auteur, "transfictionnelle" selon la terminologie contemporaine. La théorie peut se résumer dans les huit propositions suivantes: (1 Les théories communicationnelles du récit, basées sur les concepts de narrateur et de narrataire, réels ou fictionnels, ne peuvent rendre compte que d’une sous-catégorie de récits de fiction ; (2 Il existe des récits de fiction avec narrateur (sous-entendu fictionnel et des récits de fiction sans narrateur. (3 Le narrateur omniscient est, dans la plupart des cas, une explication ad hoc. (4 Il convient de distinguer clairement ce qui relève du contenu de la représentation fictionnelle et ce qui relève des moyens mobilisés au service de la construction de cette représentation ; (5 Le récit de fiction moderne à la troisième personne peut être considéré comme une collection structurée d’informations, les unes sans origine assignable dans le monde de la fiction, les autres provenant d’un ou de plusieurs sujets de conscience appartenant au monde de la fiction ; (6 La lecture d’un récit de fiction moderne à la troisième personne implique que l’on reconnaisse les intentions de l’auteur relativement au caractère objectif ou subjectif des phrases ou des contextes. La deuxième partie propose une approche du dénouement de "Cinq ans de vie" selon le protocole défini par Kuroda et Banfield. Après avoir montré que la théorie pouvait prétendre à l'adéquation descriptive

Empresas brasileiras do novo mercado e suas práticas de evidenciação voluntária de informações por segmento

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Ana Paula Capuano da Cruz

2014-05-01

, os resultados sugerem que a Comissão de Valores Mobiliários e as empresas de auditoria devem ficar alertas às publicações contábeis em que a divulgação de informações por segmento é compulsória.

Estágios evolutivos da contabilidade gerencial que preponderam em um polo industrial moveleiro = Evolutionary stages of IFAC managerial accounting that prevail in a furniture industrial pole

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Edson Roberto Macohon

2016-07-01

Full Text Available O International Federations of Accountants (IFAC identificou quatro estágios evolutivos da contabilidade gerencial. Este estudo objetiva investigar os estágios evolutivos da contabilidade gerencial que preponderam em um polo industrial moveleiro. Para tal realizou-se pesquisa descritiva a partir de uma survey, tendo como população as 73 indústrias associadas ao Sindicato das Indústrias da Construção e do Mobiliário de São Bento do Sul, SC, Brasil, e uma amostra não-probabilística de 15 indústrias. Os resultados da pesquisa mostram que os artefatos da contabilidade gerencial com mais de 60% de indicações como projeto implantado são: simulações de rentabilidade dos produtos; custo dos produtos pelo custeio por absorção; acompanhamento da evolução dos indicadores não financeiros; índices econômico-financeiros como Return of Investment (ROI; Retorno sobre o Patrimônio Líquido (RSPL e índices de liquidez; redução do custo na fase de projeto de novo produto; planilhas de custos logísticos. Os artefatos que tiveram percentuais acima de 60% de indicações como projetos não implantados são: Custeio Baseado em Atividades (ABC; geração de relatórios por Business Inteligence (BI; Balanced Scorecard (BSC; Economic Value Added (EVA; preço de transferência e Just-in-time (JIT. The International Federations of Accountants (IFAC has identified four stages of progressive managerial accounting. This study aims at investigating the evolutionary stages of managerial accounting that prevail in a furniture industrial pole. For this, a descriptive research was carried out from a survey, having as population 73 industries associated with the Union of Industries and Construction of Furniture of São Bento do Sul, SC, Brazil, and a non-probability sample of 15 industries. The survey results have shown that the artifacts of managerial accounting that got more than 60% of indications, such as project implemented are: simulations of

La Interiorización del cambio de un sistema Contable de Gestión en la pequeña empresa A interiorização da substituição de um sistema de Contabilidade Gerencial em pequenas empresas

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Carlos Eduardo Facin Lavarda

2009-12-01

Full Text Available El trabajo se propone analizar el proceso de interiorización del cambio de un sistema contable de gestión (SCG en las pequeñas empresas (PYME, y examinar cómo las características de este proceso afectan a su institucionalización. Para ello, se ha utilizado la perspectiva de análisis que ofrece la corriente de la Teoría Institucional (TI en su vertiente denominada Antiguo Institucionalismo Económico (OIE. El objetivo del estudio es identificar los factores de interiorización que influyen en la institucionalización del cambio de un SCG en la PYME. Por ello, se ha llevado a cabo un estudio de caso en una pequeña empresa del sector del mueble en el periodo de abril a junio de 2007. El análisis de las evidencias empíricas indica que los factores de interiorización que influyeron positivamente en la institucionalización del SCG fueron los conocimientos y habilidades de los agentes implicados en el cambio, los recursos informáticos, la formación del personal, la baja participación de expertos externos en SCG, el sistema de incentivos a los operarios, las relaciones de confianza, el proceso de planificación y la implicación del personal.A finalidade deste trabalho é analisar o processo de interiorização da substituição de um sistema de contabilidade gerencial (SCG em pequenas empresas (PME, e examinar como as caracteristicas deste processo afetam sua institucionalização. Para este fim, foi adotada a perspectiva analítica da Teoria Institucional (TI, mais especificamente sua vertente denominada Velha Economia Institucional (VEI. O objetivo do estudio é identificar os fatores de interiorização que influenciam a institucionalização da mudança de um SCG em PME. Assim, foi realizado um estudo de caso em um pequena empresa do setor mobiliária no período de abril a junho de 2007. A análise das evidências empíricas indica que os fatores de interiorização que influenciaram positivamente a institucionalização do SCG

Imaginaire acoustique et apprentissage d’une ontologie animiste Acoustic imagination and the learning of an animistic ontologyThe case of the Quechua of Peruvian Amazonia

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Andréa-Luz Gutierrez Choquevilca

2010-09-01

Full Text Available Cet article examine le rôle de l’imitation sonore au sein des pratiques et des représentations de la chasse et de la maladie chez les Quechua d’Amazonie (Pastaza, Pérou. L’analyse se fonde sur un ensemble de récits qui mettent en scène une interaction avec les « maîtres du gibier » dans un contexte ordinaire ou rituel. Partant de la description des techniques de chasse au leurre, l’auteur montre la pertinence d’un mode de communication fondé sur la simulation sonore au sein des interactions contrôlées et incontrôlées avec les entités tutélaires du gibier (récits d’initiation cynégétique ou biographies de rencontre d’esprit. Après avoir montré la cohérence de ce schéma dans la sphère de la praxis cynégétique, l’auteur explore un cas de maladie infantile shinkurana, dans lequel l’usage du « masque sonore » et les mécanismes de « voix citées » jouent un rôle clef dans le processus d’attribution d’une « agentivit�� » aux entités pathogènes. L’article analyse ainsi le phénomène de l’imitation sonore comme une stratégie perceptive et cognitive efficace, massivement mobilisée dans un contexte d’apprentissage et de validation des représentations animistes.This article examines the role of sound imitation in the practice and representation of hunting and sickness among the Quechua of Amazonia (Pastaza, Peru. The analysis is based on a set of stories that presents an interaction with “masters of game” in an ordinary or ritual context. Beginning with a description of lure hunting techniques, the author shows the relevance of a communication mode based on sound simulation in controlled and uncontrolled interactions with entities protective of game (stories of hunting initiation or accounts of spirit encounters. After having demonstrated the consistency of this pattern in the sphere of hunting praxis, the author explores a case of infant sickness shinkurana, in which �

Hypsipyla grandella em Mogno (Swietenia macrophylla: Situação Atual e Perspectivas Hypsipyla grandella in Mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla: Current Situation and Perspectives

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Alexandre Mehl Lunz

2010-02-01

Full Text Available

A madeira de mogno, Swietenia macrophylla King, é valorizada no mercado internacional por sua beleza e durabilidade para fins nobres, como mobiliários e decoração. Quaisquer tentativas de plantios comerciais dessa espécie de modo a reduzir a pressão exercida pela sua exploração seletiva invariavelmente fracassam devido à incidência da broca do ponteiro do mogno, Hypsipyla grandella (Zeller. Embora alguns trabalhos tenham obtido relativo sucesso em apresentar técnicas de controle sob aspectos pontuais, ainda não foi estabelecida uma estratégia de manejo integrado que seja prática, econômica e eficiente para H. grandella no Brasil. Este trabalho tem como objetivo rever e atualizar informações sobre o inseto e seu hospedeiro, além de indicar as áreas de pesquisa mais promissoras para o seu controle em plantios de S. macrophylla no País. As estratégias de controle de H. grandella mais recomendadas são o uso da resistência da planta, manejo silvicultural, uso de semioquímicos e controle biológico, nas quais há necessidade de incentivos a pesquisas de longo prazo. Ensaios de resistência natural de procedências de S. macrophylla devem ser incentivados, devido às extensas áreas com reservas naturais no Brasil.

Doi: 10.4336/2009.pfb.59.45

Phylogeny and molecular signatures for the phylum Thermotogae and its subgroups.

Science.gov (United States)

Gupta, Radhey S; Bhandari, Vaibhav

2011-06-01

Thermotogae species are currently identified mainly on the basis of their unique toga and distinct branching in the rRNA and other phylogenetic trees. No biochemical or molecular markers are known that clearly distinguish the species from this phylum from all other bacteria. The taxonomic/evolutionary relationships within this phylum, which consists of a single family, are also unclear. We report detailed phylogenetic analyses on Thermotogae species based on concatenated sequences for many ribosomal as well as other conserved proteins that identify a number of distinct clades within this phylum. Additionally, comprehensive analyses of protein sequences from Thermotogae genomes have identified >60 Conserved Signature Indels (CSI) that are specific for the Thermotogae phylum or its different subgroups. Eighteen CSIs in important proteins such as PolI, RecA, TrpRS and ribosomal proteins L4, L7/L12, S8, S9, etc. are uniquely present in various Thermotogae species and provide molecular markers for the phylum. Many CSIs were specific for a number of Thermotogae subgroups. Twelve of these CSIs were specific for a clade consisting of various Thermotoga species except Tt. lettingae, which was separated from other Thermotoga species by a long branch in phylogenetic trees; Fourteen CSIs were specific for a clade consisting of the Fervidobacterium and Thermosipho genera and eight additional CSIs were specific for the genus Thermosipho. In addition, the existence of a clade consisting of the deep branching species Petrotoga mobilis, Kosmotoga olearia and Thermotogales bacterium mesG1 was supported by seven CSIs. The deep branching of this clade was also supported by a number of CSIs that were present in various Thermotogae species, but absent in this clade and all other bacteria. Most of these clades were strongly supported by phylogenetic analyses based on two datasets of protein sequences and they identify potential higher taxonomic grouping (viz. families) within this phylum

Les trajectoires archivées des experts de la modernisation rurale alpine (XIXe-XXe siècles Exploring the archives on the trajectories of 19th and 20th century experts in rural Alpine modernization

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Sylvain Brunier

2010-07-01

Full Text Available Cet article propose une résolution historienne de la question des parcours individuels dans leurs contextes, inscrite dans l'historiographie des études prosopographiques visant à saisir les caractéristiques sociales d’un groupe par le biais d’une comparaison des itinéraires biographiques qui le constitue. Opérant un détour méthodologique et épistémologique, elle se retourne vers l’opération historiographique telle qu’a pu la définir Paul Ricoeur, et le processus d’enquête tel qu’en rend compte Jean-Claude Passeron. Il s’agit de présenter un usage possible des bases de données relationnelles en histoire qui ne se limite pas à faciliter la décomposition des sources en évènements biographiques. Conservant la lieutenance des informations extraites envers le document historique, l’outil peut être mobilisé dans la perspective d’une reconstitution des rapports individuels qui président à la formation et la conservation de chaque type d’archive. L'étude prend alors pour objet les trajectoires d'individus amenés à se reconnaître et/ou à être reconnus comme les experts de la modernisation agricole des Alpes. La politique de Restauration des Terrains de Montagne de la fin du XIXe siècle dans les Alpes occidentales françaises et la politique de Reconstitution agricole après la Seconde Guerre mondiale sur le Plateau du Vercors, s’effectuent toutes les deux sur la base d’enquêtes menées par des experts, produisant ainsi les archives à partir desquelles se dessinent les trajectoires des individus.The purpose of this contribution is to suggest a historian’s way of dealing with individual careers and social context in the past. The main historical background is rooted in prosopographic studies that arrived from the United-States in the mid-1970s. We focus on social groups, using the comparative method to grasp their social characteristics. After a theoretical detour through Paul Ric

Pore-Level Investigation of Heavy Oil Recovery using Steam Assisted Gravity Drainage (SAGD Étude à l’échelle des pores de la récupération d’huiles lourdes par drainage gravitaire assisté par injection de vapeur (SAGD

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Mohammadzadeh O.

2010-12-01

processus de drainage gravitaire a lieu dans une couche de pores, d’une épaisseur de 1 à 6 pores, suivant une direction perpendiculaire à cette interface. L’interaction entre les forces gravitaires et les forces capillaires se traduit par un drainage de l’huile mobilisée. Les résultats de la visualisation démontrent l’existence d’un phénomène de mise en émulsion de l’eau dans l’huile au niveau de l’interface, dû à la condensation de la vapeur. L’importance de cette mise en émulsion dépend directement du gradient de température entre la phase vapeur et le bitume froid. L’utilisation de micromodèles en verre permet aussi la visualisation d’autres phénomènes à l’échelle des pores, comme le drainage par écoulement capillaire de l’huile mobilisée, le piégeage local de la vapeur par effet capillaire suivi d’une condensation, la condensation de la vapeur à l’interface due au gradient de température et la rupture des films liquides.

Inclusão de alunos com paralisia cerebral no ensino fundamental: contribuições da fisioterapia Inclusion of students with cerebral palsy in elementary education: contributions of physiotherapy

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Simone Massaneiro Silva

2011-08-01

Full Text Available Este estudo teve como objetivo apontar como o fisioterapeuta pode atuar no processo de inclusão de alunos com paralisia cerebral (PC no sistema regular de ensino. A presente pesquisa foi realizada em três escolas públicas municipais de ensino fundamental, pertencentes a uma Regional de Ensino da cidade de Curitiba. Cada escola foi visitada cinco vezes entre março e abril de 2009, para coleta de dados. A amostra foi composta por três alunos com diagnóstico de Paralisia Cerebral, cognitivo preservado, alfabetizados, idades entre nove e 16 anos. Para avaliar os alunos foram utilizados dois instrumentos: o Protocolo de Observação e a Ficha de Avaliação Neurológica Qualitativa e Descritiva, do Instituto Pequeno Cotolengo do Paraná. Mediante os resultados encontrados foram estabelecidos os objetivos da atuação fisioterapêutica e realizadas intervenções específicas de acordo com as necessidades dos alunos participantes, no período de abril á junho de 2009. Após a realização do estudo, foi possível verificar que a atuação da Fisioterapia sobre a adequação de mobiliários e materiais, orientação para eliminação de barreiras arquitetônicas e conscientização dos profissionais envolvidos na educação, contribuiu para o desenvolvimento do aluno com paralisia cerebral no ambiente escolar.This study aimed to show how physiotherapists can contribute in the process of inclusion of students with cerebral palsy (CP in elementary education. The present study was undertaken at three public elementary schools in Curitiba. Each school was visited five times between March and April of 2009, for data collection. The sample was composed of three literate students, aged between nine and 16 years, with a diagnosis of cerebral palsy, without cognitive impairment. To assess the students, two procedures were used: an Observation Protocol and the Descriptive and Qualitative Neurological Evaluation Card of Pequeno Cotolengo in Paraná. The

La lingua2 nel Web. Prospettive digitali per la didattica dell’italiano a stranieri

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Roberto Quaggia

2013-07-01

Full Text Available L'articolo si compone di due parti. Nella prima si espongono alcuni punti focali del dibattito sul rapporto tra glottodidattica e tecnologie digitali (dai dispositivi mobili ai software per la comunicazione, fino agli attuali socialnetwork. In particolare l’attenzione è rivolta sul fatto che la lingua della comunicazione digitale costituisce una varietà linguistica dal confronto con la quale l’insegnamento di una L2 non può ormai prescindere, e che le tecnologie digitali della comunicazione, se correttamente adottate fuori e dentro la classe, consentono di ridurre il confine tra apprendimento guidato e acquisizione spontanea di una lingua seconda. Filo conduttore della riflessione è il concetto di “competenza comunicativa digitale”, che si aggiunge alle componenti della competenza linguistico-comunicativa indicate dal Quadro Comune Europeo di Riferimento per le Lingue. Nella seconda parte del lavoro, dal taglio più didattico, si presenta una serie di strumenti e di esperienze di insegnamento/apprendimento della L2 con l’uso delle tecnologie digitali. In particolare ci si sofferma sulle opportunità offerte dal Web 2.0, simulando la creazione di una piattaforma per l’insegnamento/apprendimento dell’italiano L2 completamente online. Non si tratta di una semplice piattaforma per l’e-learning (o d-learning, ma di una vera e propria rete per l’insegnamento, l’apprendimento, la comunicazione e la formazione che trasforma il modo in cui si usa, si apprende e si insegna una L2. L2 on the Web. Digital perspectives for teaching italian to foreignersThe article consists of two parts. In the first we illustrate some focal points in the debate on the relationship between language teaching and digital technologies (from mobile devices to communication software and current social networks. In particular, we focus on the fact that the language of digital communication is a linguistic variety which L2 teaching can no longer ignore, and

Experimental determination of the speciation, partitioning, and release of perrhenate as a chemical surrogate for pertechnetate from a sodalite-bearing multiphase ceramic waste form

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Pierce, E.M.; Lukens, W.W.; Fitts, J.P.; Jantzen, C.M.; Tang, G.

2014-01-01

minerals and include a combination of ion exchange, network hydrolysis, and the formation of an enriched-silica surface layer or phase. The steady-state S and Re concentrations are within an order of magnitude of the nosean and perrhenate sodalite solubility, respectively. The order of magnitude difference between the observed and predicted concentration for Re and S may be associated with the fact that the anion-bearing sodalites contained in the multiphase ceramic matrix are present as mixed-anion sodalite phases. These results suggest the multiphase FBSR NAS material may be a viable host matrix for long-lived, highly mobilie radionuclides which is a critical aspect in the management of nuclear waste

Semaine du Cerveau 2018 : le CSGA mobilisé : Actualité du CSGA relative à l'experimentarium spécial cerveau, publiée le 5 mars 2018 par Ludovic Piquemal dans la newsletter du Centre INRA de Bourgogne-Franche-Comté sur inra.fr

OpenAIRE

2018-01-01

Pour la 20éme édition de la Semaine du Cerveau, les chercheurs du Centre des Science du Goût et de l'Alimentation se mobilisent auprès du public dijonnais à travers une conférence à Clénay sur les maladies neurodégénératives (samedi 17 mars) et en accueillant un Expérimentarium spécial cerveau (dimanche 18 mars).

Caracterización y consecuencias de un deslizamiento en un área marginal del Pirineo oriental (Cava, Sierra de Cadí, Enero de 1997

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Molina, David

1997-12-01

Full Text Available The rain which took place between November 1996 and January 1997 caused a landslide in the surrounding area of the village of Cava, placed in the basin of the river Segre (Catalan Prepyrenees. The litology and structure of the mobilized materials, and the agrarian works and its further abandonment, as well, have been fundamental features causing the aforementioned erosive process. The study of this phenomena has highlighted the existence of two different parts: a rotational movement in a hillside's sector and a mud flow. The analysis of the space-time cause's of these processes, its inter-relation with similar ones, and its influence on the human activities, constitute an essential feature in order to define planification and prevention strategies.

[es] Las precipitaciones acaecidas entre noviembre de 1996 y enero de 1997 dieron lugar a un deslizamiento de tierras en las inmediaciones del pueblo de Cava, situado en la cuenca del río Segre (Prepirineo Catalán. La litología y la estructura de los materiales movilizados, así como las prácticas de conservación agrícola y su posterior abandono, han sido fundamentales en el desencadenamiento de este proceso erosivo. El estudio del fenómeno ha puesto de relieve dos partes diferenciadas: un movimiento rotacional en un sector de la ladera y una colada de barro originada por los materiales acumulados en la cabecera del torrente por el cual discurrió posteriormente. El análisis de las causas espacio-temporales de estos procesos y su interrelación con otros parecidos, así como la incidencia en las actividades humanas, son un factor esencial para definir estrategias de planificación y prevención.
[fr] Les pluies ayant eu lieu entre novembre 1996 et janvier 1997 ont provoqué un glissement de terres aux alentours du village de Cava, situé dans le bassin de la rivière Segre (Prepyrenées de Catalogne. La lithologie et la structure des matériaux mobilisés, ainsi que les m

Reliance, liance et alliance : opérationnalité des concepts dans l'analyse du climat socio-relationnel de groupes restreints d'apprentissage en ligne

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Jean-Jacques Quintin

2010-10-01

Full Text Available La recherche que nous présentons ici se donne pour but de mesurer le lien entre le "climat socio-relationnel" d'un groupe restreint engagé dans un travail collaboratif en ligne et la qualité des travaux collectifs produits. La démarche méthodologique adoptée, basée sur une analyse des échanges asynchrones entre les membres d'un groupe, nous permet d'aboutir à un modèle opératoire qui fait état des composantes du "climat socio-relationnel" susceptibles d'expliquer les résultats d'apprentissage obtenus. Deux notions – dérivées du concept sociologique de reliance – seront mobilisées : la liance et l'alliance. La première rend compte de la qualité de la relation (la chaleur, l'intimité, les émotions… qui se crée entre les interlocuteurs au cours de leurs échanges asynchrones. La seconde traduit la manière dont les participants confortent leur contrat d'association en vue de la réalisation du travail commun, afin de répondre aux exigences pédagogiques fixées. Les résultats de cette recherche montrent que, dans notre situation d'étude, le modèle de la reliance explique une part substantielle de la qualité moyenne des produits de l'apprentissage collectif et possède une homogénéité interne non négligeable. Ces éléments concourent à étayer l'assise conceptuelle et le caractère opératoire du modèle présenté.The aim of the research we are presenting here is to measure the link between the "socio-relational climate" of a small group in a collaborative work environment and the quality of the collective work they provide. The methodological approach adopted, based on an analysis of the asynchronous exchanges between members of a group, allows us to find a procedure that takes stock of some components of "socio-relational climate" that could account for the results in terms of learning. Two notions – derivatives of the sociological concept "reliance" – will be called upon: "liance" and "alliance". The

Programa Nacional de Habitação Rural e modo de morar no campo: reflexões a partir da casa rural na Zona da Mata mineira

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Aline Werneck Barbosa de Carvalho

2017-02-01

Full Text Available Resumo O Programa Nacional de Habitação Rural (PNHR constitui a vertente rural do Programa Minha Casa, Minha Vida - MCMV e tem como objetivo reduzir o déficit habitacional rural por meio da reforma ou construção de novas moradias. Apesar da importância desse Programa para a fixação do homem ao campo, neste artigo procura-se chamar a atenção para a necessidade de adequação da tipologia de casa do PNHR ao modo de morar na área rural. A pesquisa fundamentou-se na análise da habitação rural em Minas Gerais, mais especificamente na região da Zona da Mata, bem como na análise da legislação que rege o PNHR, como leis, portarias e decretos. Os resultados apontaram que as especificações técnicas mínimas estabelecidas pelo Ministério das Cidades para o PNHR desconsideram o modo de vida rural e os hábitos dos moradores. Embora haja o cuidado de não estabelecer áreas mínimas para os compartimentos, a fixação da área útil total em 36m2 e o dimensionamento induzido a partir do tamanho e descrição do mobiliário mínimo conduzem à formatação de um programa de necessidades muito semelhante ao da tipologia de casa adotado pela versão urbana do Programa Minha Casa Minha Vida.  Palavras-Chave: política habitacional, habitação rural, Programa Minha Casa Minha Vida.   Abstract The National Rural Housing Program (PNHR is the rural part of the “Minha Casa, Minha Vida” Program and aims to reduce rural housing deficit through the renovation or construction of new housing. Despite the importance of this program for fixing the men to the field, this paper aims to draw attention to the need to adapt the typology of the house of PNHR to the way of living in rural areas. The research was based on rural housing analysis in Minas Gerais, more specifically in the Zona da Mata region, as well as in the analysis of the legislation governing the PNHR. The results showed that the minimum technical specifications established by the �

Des journalistes enfin libérés de leurs sources ? Promesse et réalité du "journalisme de données "

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Sylvain Parasie

2013-04-01

Full Text Available Depuis plusieurs années, le traitement de données apparaît à certains journalistes comme une façon de réduire leur dépendance aux sources. En élaborant des bases de données et des algorithmes au sein des rédactions, ils seraient moins tributaires des tuyaux et des interprétations que leur fournissent régulièrement leurs sources, notamment institutionnelles. S’inspirant de la sociologie pragmatique et de la théorie de l’acteur-réseau, cet article montre que les technologies de traitement de données sont actuellement mobilisées afin de permettre aux journalistes de reprendre l’initiative face aux sources. À partir d’une enquête de terrain menée à Chicago en 2010, nous examinons d’abord le contenu de cette promesse apparue au croisement des mondes journalistiques et informatiques. Puis, en étudiant le cas de l’information criminelle à Chicago, nous montrons que cette promesse n’est qu’en partie satisfaite dans les réalisations actuelles. Over the past few years, some journalists have expressed that data processing is a way of reducing their dependence to sources. Elaborating databases and algorithms in the newsrooms is considered to reduce journalists’ need for tips and interpretations from sources, including those institutional. By drawing from pragmatic sociology and the network-actor theory, this article shows that data-processing technologies are currently mobilized to encourage journalists to reinitiate their relation to sources. Based on a study that took place in Chicago in 2010, first we examine the content of the promise that appeared at the intersection of the journalistic and computer science worlds. Then, by analysing criminal news in Chicago, we show that currently, the promise is only partly fulfilled. Há vários anos que alguns jornalistas acreditam que o processamento de dados pode ser uma forma de reduzir sua dependência em relação às fontes de informação. Ao desenvolverem bases de

The Beginnings and Development of the Collection of Historic Musical Instruments of the Kunsthistorisches Museum in Vienna

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Beatrix Darmstaedter

2016-12-01

��Arciduca Francesco Ferdinando d’Asburgo-Este (1863-1914 è stato portato, dopo la sua uccisione, al museo imperiale a Vienna. Dal 1916/17 in poi il famoso storico dell’arte Julius von Schlosser (1866-1938 e il suo successore Hermann Julius Hermann (1869-1953 hanno organizzato una delle più importanti collezioni e esibizioni dedicata esclusivamente a strumenti musicali antichi. Hanno assemblato strumenti preziosi del XVI secolo che facevano parte della stanza delle curiosità dell´Arciduca Ferdinando II (1529- 1595, oggetti raccolti da membri della dinastia Obizzi nel castello di Catajo e oggetti recentemente acquisiti legati alla tradizione Viennese di costruzione di strumenti musicali. Nel 1920 Schlosser ha scritto un catalogo completo della nuova collezione che è considerato la prima pubblicazione sistematica e scientifi ca di strumenti musicali antichi in Austria. Negli anni successivi Schlosser ha cercato di allargare l’inventario di oggetti e la collezione, che si è inoltre arricchita di preziosi esemplari originariamente situati nel Deposito imperiale di mobili di corte (Hofmobiliendepot e di strumenti musicali abbandonati nelle residenze imperiali come il castello di Laxenburg. Il contributo esamina fonti inedite che documentano la prima storia della collezione, affronta il tema dell’esposizione ampliata del 1920, discute l´orientamento tematico della collezione e i principi di didattica museale che ne risultarono. Inoltre, il contributo esamina la posizione della collezione e la sua strategia nel contesto di altri musei con la stessa tematica.

Engineering Entrepreneurial Ethics: Islam after Development in Indonesia La construction du l’éthique d’entrepreneur : l’islamisation du développement en Indonésie

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Daromir  Rudnyckyj

2013-05-01

Full Text Available Cet article présente l’analyse d’un programme sociotechnique en lndonésie contemporaine dont le but est de façonner les codes de l’esprit d’entreprise par rapport à l’islam. En analysant ces efforts déployés pour développer la foi, nous affirmons qu’une nouvelle forme de coutumes islamiques est en train d’être introduite pour faciliter la réforme néolibérale des entreprises publiques en entreprises privées. Fondé sur plus de deux ans de recherches ethnographiques – la plupart menée auprès de l’entreprise publique Krakatau Steel – cet article explique comment ce que les Indonésiens appellent la « réforme spirituelle » est mobilisée pour prendre en charge la crise causée par la fin de la foi dans le développement. La foi dans le développement s’entend comme le développement dirigé par l’état et le projet (après la période coloniale de modernisation et d’industrialisation nationale. Cet article décrit de quelle manière les réformateurs spirituels interprètent le Coran, l’histoire islamique, et les coutumes religieuses pour que l’islam puisse convenir aux principes de succès commerciaux que l’on trouve dans les manuels de gestion des ressources humaines, les textes liés au développement personnel et les séances de « life-coaching ». Alors que de nouveaux récits déclarent que l’Islam a toujours été hostile au capitalisme, cet article conclut que des preuves venant d’Asie Sud-Est démontrent comment, aujourd’hui, les musulmans de la région cherchent à réinterpréter l’Islam pour que la religion s’accordent aux exigences de la globalisation.This article analyzes a socio-technical scheme to engineer an ethics of entrepreneurship grounded in Islam in contemporary Indonesia. In analyzing these efforts to develop faith, this paper argues that a new form of Islamic practice is being introduced to facilitate the neoliberal reform of state-owned enterprises planned for

Assessment and characterization of joineries in the city of Viçosa, MG/ Diagnóstico e caracterização das marcenarias na cidade de Viçosa, MG

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José de Castro Silva

2008-07-01

, gerenciamento interno e qualificação dos funcionários, maquinário, produtos, mercado, divulgação dos produtos e perspectivas do setor. Verificou-se que tanto os empresários quanto os funcionários possuem baixo grau de instrução, além de falta de design próprio dos produtos. Sua produção era apenas sob encomenda, com utilização intensa, no processo produtivo, de madeira maciça, notadamente oriunda de florestas nativas. Seus produtos eram heterogêneos, indo desde o mobiliário até utilidades do meio rural. A concorrência, principalmente a informal, representava o maior empecilho para o desenvolvimento do setor, além dos produtos seriados comercializados em estabelecimentos comerciais, oriundos de outras localidades, a preços mais reduzidos. Concluiu-se que o setor de marcenaria, em Viçosa, necessita de uma maior qualificação, tanto gerencial quanto técnica, para aperfeiçoamento da atividade. Além disso, torna-se necessário uma maior organização através de associações e apoio de entidades como o Sebrae local, e de uma maior divulgação dos produtos aos consumidores da região.

Engagement citoyen et société civile

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Gautier Pirotte

2009-11-01

Full Text Available Cet article cherche à rapprocher par la réflexion la notion de société civile de celle de l’engagement citoyen à partir de l’expérience postcommuniste roumaine. Si le domaine de la société civile ne concentre pas tous les phénomènes d’engagement citoyen, il demeure néanmoins un espace privilégié d’expression de cet engagement. La question qui anime ce texte est assez simple : comment envisager l’étude de l’engagement du citoyen à l’intérieur des nouvelles sociétés civiles d’Europe Centrale et Orientale, et plus spécifiquement au sein de la nouvelle société civile roumaine ? Cette interrogation, si simple soit-elle, se révèle bien vite plus complexe si l’on tient compte des problèmes que soulèvent à la fois les concepts de société civile et d’engagement mobilisés ici mais aussi l’expérience postcommuniste souvent abordée de manière homogène alors qu’elle se révèle empiriquement très hétéroclite.Citizen commitment and civil society. A reflexion based upon the Romanian project of post-communist civil societyUsing the post-communist experience in Romania, this article reflects upon the way to bring together the concepts of civil society and citizen commitment. Whilst civil society does not concentrate all the phenomena of citizenship, the concept remains nonetheless a privileged expression of citizen commitment. The question underlying this text is relatively simple: how should the study of citizen commitment be approached within the new civil societies of Central and Eastern Europe, and more specifically within the new Romanian civil society ? As simple as it may appear, the question becomes rapidly more complex as soon as the problems deriding from the concepts of civil society and citizen commitment themselves are taken into consideration but also because the post-communist experience is often treated in a homogeneous way whilst it is in fact empirically very heterogeneous

La vallée du Lot en Lot-et-Garonne : inventaire topographique

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Hélène Mousset

2012-04-01

Full Text Available La remise en navigation du Lot est à l’origine du projet d’inventaire du patrimoine de la vallée dans sa partie lot-et-garonnaise1. L’ampleur du territoire - 12 cantons riverains2 - et de la perspective historique - du Moyen Age à nos jours - imposaient d’emblée rigueur et objectifs clairs : méthode raisonnée de l’inventaire topographique pour un bilan homogène du patrimoine, fondée sur une enquête systématique du paysage bâti et du mobilier public, sans a priori. Le premier résultat est un catalogue patrimonial sous forme de bases de données3. Mais ce corpus documentaire hétérogène et touffu n’est pas une addition de monographies : il peut et doit être interrogé et exploité comme un ensemble apportant une connaissance renouvelée du territoire. Sans prétendre réaliser une synthèse de la totalité des données pour l’ensemble de la vallée4, les exemples qui vont suivre illustreront la façon dont le travail d’inventaire apporte réponses et nouvelles interrogations, concernant notamment l’occupation du sol, les paysages et l’architecture de cette partie de l’Agenais. Recherche de l’empreinte d’une époque déterminée, examen de la permanence des paysages bâtis sur la longue durée et observation des traces de mutations et flexions historiques, sont un triple niveau d’analyse attendu dans le cadre d’un inventaire sur un vaste territoire rural.The plan to reintroduce navigation on the Lot in the part of the river that flows through the Lot-et-Garonne department was at the origins of a survey of the heritage along the course of the river. The geographical scope of the survey was large (12 cantons along the river and the period covered by the heritage extends from the Middle ages up to the present day. The variety of buildings to be covered required a rigorous approach and clear objectives. The method of the topographical inventory was tailored to the production of a homogenous heritage audit

Desempenho das companhias pós-fusões e aquisições mensurado pelos filtros de Graham = Performance of post-mergers and acquisitions companies measured by Graham Filters

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Leandro Augusto Toigo

2017-12-01

Full Text Available O estudo objetiva verificar o desempenho das companhias que realizaram fusões e aquisições por meio da avaliação de desempenho com o uso dos Filtros de Graham. A pesquisa, caracterizada como descritiva, documental e quantitativa, foi realizada a partir de dados contábeis, financeiros e de mercado de quarenta e duas companhias abertas brasileiras listadas na BM&FBovespa, que realizaram fusões e aquisições com troca de controle entre os períodos de 2006 e 2010. Os dados sobre as fusões e aquisições foram coletados junto ao sítio da CVM – Comissão de Valores Mobiliários em fatos relevantes. As informações sobre o desempenho foram levantadas junto à base Economática®. Calculou-se o desempenho das quarenta e duas companhias por sete Filtros de Graham, transformados em um ranking pela aplicação do TOPSIS. Pelos resultados, verifica-se que nos cinco anos de análise as companhias tiveram variações positivas de desempenho no ranking. Como contribuição ao cálculo de desempenho das empresas, os Filtros de Graham permitiram identificar a elevação do lucro líquido, redução do endividamento, aumento dos ativos. Com esses resultados constata-se que as companhias que passaram por fusões e aquisições apresentam boa saúde financeira e baixo risco. Como conclusão, tem-se que esses resultados do desempenho das companhias pelos Filtros de Graham nos processos de fusões e aquisições, realizados no ambiente brasileiro, apresentam razoável segurança aos acionistas e bom nível de Governança Corporativa. The objective of this study was to verify the performance of the companies that performed mergers and acquisitions by evaluating performance with the use of Graham Filters. The research, characterized as descriptive, documentary and quantitative, was based on the accounting, financial and market data of 42 Brazilian companies listed on the BM&FBovespa, which conducted mergers and acquisitions with exchange of control

Rodízio de firmas de auditoria: a experiência brasileira e as conclusões do mercado Rotation of audit firms: the brazilian experience and the market's conclusions

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Alexandre Queiroz de Oliveira

2007-12-01

Full Text Available O rodízio de firmas de auditoria foi introduzido no Brasil por ocasião dos escândalos corporativos de instituições financeiras na emissão das demonstrações contábeis e adotado pela CVM - Comissão de Valores Mobiliários às empresas registradas na Bolsa de Valores do Brasil. Tendo como objetivo a preservação da independência do auditor e a diminuição dos erros contábeis e fraudes relacionados ao processo de auditoria das demonstrações contábeis, o rodízio de firmas é um assunto polêmico, pois afeta a relação comercial e profissional dos auditores com seus clientes bem como toda a estrutura de mercado das firmas de auditoria. O artigo foi desenvolvido com base na evolução histórica do conceito de rodízio de firmas de auditoria, na avaliação das pesquisas realizadas sobre o assunto em outros países e nas estruturas filosóficas que determinam os princípios éticos que são atrelados à Contabilidade e à Auditoria. Além disso, foi realizada uma pesquisa de campo sobre os aspectos inerentes do rodízio de firmas de auditoria. Essa pesquisa coletou a opinião de 127 profissionais do mercado financeiro, sendo 84 executivos de empresas que trabalham ou influenciam na elaboração das demonstrações contábeis e 43 auditores independentes que atuam diretamente no processo de auditagem das contas contábeis. A principal conclusão obtida foi a confirmação de que o rodízio de firmas de auditoria não tem capacidade de assegurar a independência do auditor no seu trabalho e não diminui os riscos de erros contábeis e de fraudes na elaboração das demonstrações contábeis.The rotation of audit firms was introduced in Brazil as a result of the corporate scandals involving financial institutions in the issue of their financial statements, and adopted by the CVM - Brazilian Securities Commission for publicly traded companies in Brazil. Aiming to preserve the independence of the auditor and to reduce frauds and

Être soi peut-il être professionnel ? Le cas des médiateurs sociaux

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Sylvain Pasquier

2008-01-01

Full Text Available L’apparition des médiateurs sociaux dans certains quartiers ou espaces publics, les conditions de leur recrutement et de leur activité interrogent leur reconnaissance professionnelle. Conduits à créer leur métier à partir d’eux-mêmes, sur la base de leur vécu passé et au coup par coup des interventions, leur identité professionnelle ne peut se démarquer de leur identité personnelle. Ils représentent donc un cas spécifique, mais emblématique, où une personnalisation particulière du rapport au travail pose le double problème de l’institutionnalisation et de la professionnalisation de cette activité. Le contexte d’apparition et celui de l’évolution de la médiation sociale, le manque de définition des missions confiées, les compétences attendues ainsi que celles mobilisées, la possibilité, enfin, d’entrevoir une carrière seront analysés. Les ambiguïtés d’une telle reconnaissance permettront d’esquisser les voies étroites d’une institutionnalisation et d’une forme nouvelle de professionnalisme.Being a professional just by being oneself ? the case of social mediatorsThe emergence of social mediators in some urban areas and public spaces, the way they are recruited and the way they conduct their activity call into question their professional recognition. By having to create their work by and from themselves, from their real-life experience and in an ad hoc way, their professional identity cannot be separated form their personal identity. In such conditions, they represent a special but very emblematic situation, in which personalisation of work leads to the specific problems of institutionalization and professionalization. We will analyze the context in which social mediation emerges and develops, as well as the lack of definition of its missions, the competences it requires, and, finally, the possibility for mediators to plan a career. The ambiguities of such recognition will allow us to outline the

La Manufacture d’Armes de Saint-Étienne : un patrimoine militaire saisi par l’économie créative

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Thomas Zanetti

2011-07-01

Full Text Available Cet article prend pour objet d’analyse un projet de renouvellement urbain d’un espace hérité de l’activité industrielle et militaire : la Manufacture d’Armes de Saint-Étienne. L’histoire et les caractéristiques patrimoniales de ce site, à la fois dans leurs dimensions matérielles et immatérielles, sont mobilisées dans un projet urbain hautement stratégique, et donc soumis à de multiples enjeux : la Cité du Design de Saint-Étienne. Cet équipement s’insère quant à lui dans un cadre plus large de concurrence métropolitaine et de course à l’attractivité des territoires. En effet, dans une ville marquée par le traumatisme issu du déclin de l’industrie, l’existence d’un patrimoine militaire est conçue comme une opportunité de spécifier localement la mise en œuvre des « bonnes pratiques » urbaines en circulation dans les villes européennes. Les responsables de la Cité ont donc choisi un haut lieu de l’histoire industrielle et militaire locale pour accueillir le futur symbole de la modernité stéphanoise, dans le but de tirer de cette inscription patrimoniale une plus-value historique nécessaire à la réussite du projet dans un contexte de marketing urbain. Toutefois, le processus de patrimonialisation de la Manufacture d’Armes a donné naissance à un profond conflit opposant des associations locales de protection du patrimoine aux responsables de l’urbanisme. Il importe alors de questionner l’entreprise de valorisation du patrimoine militaire en analysant quels sont les héritages mémoriels associés à l’action publique urbaine contemporaine, voire instrumentés par sa stratégie de développement territorial.This article is an analysis of a project of urban renewal concerning a space inherited from industrial and military activity: the arms factory of Saint-Étienne. The history and the heritage characteristics of the site, in both its tangible and intangible dimensions, have been

Uso de computador e ergonomia: um estudo sobre as escolas de ensino fundamental e médio de São Paulo Ergonomics and the use of computers: a study with primary and secondary in state of São Paulo

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Lys Esther Rocha

2003-06-01

Full Text Available A utilização da informática como instrumento de ensino tem se disseminado na educação. Este estudo teve como objetivo verificar como o computador está sendo usado em escolas da região metropolitana de São Paulo, avaliando o grau de considerações sobre ergonomia na introdução dessa ferramenta. A ergonomia compreende o conjunto de conhecimentos científicos visando o conforto, segurança e eficácia dos produtos. Participaram 126 escolas, 37 delas do ensino fundamental, de 1ª à 4ª série, com 21.824 alunos; 49 escolas do ensino fundamental, de 5ªà 8ª série, com 29.851 alunos e 40 escolas do ensino médio com 31.516 alunos. A maioria das escolas informou utilizar o computador como ferramenta auxiliar das matérias curriculares a partir de 1995. O uso do computador predominou, no período de 5ª à 8ª série, nas escolas particulares; com um computador para cada 2 ou 3 alunos e com a duração semanal das aulas de até 1h59min. Nas salas de informática instaladas nas escolas, predominou a ausência de mesas e cadeiras com ajustes de altura para as características antropométricas dos alunos. As orientações sobre ergonomia da computação foram fornecidas em 30% das escolas. Na maioria das escolas não se observou queixa de desconforto visual ou muscular sofridos pelos alunos durante a utilização do computador. Esse fato pode estar relacionado ao pequeno número de horas de utilização do computador. Concluímos que a aquisição de mobiliário e equipamentos para as salas de informática deve incluir a consulta a banco de dados antropométricos e à percepção de conforto dos estudantes.The use of computers as a teaching tool is becoming disseminated in education. The present study has as its purpose to investigate how computers are being used in schools within the metropolitan area of São Paulo, evaluating the level of ergonomic issues considered when introducing this tool. Ergonomics comprise the collection of

Construcciones y cementerios del período Intermedio Tardío en el cerro Ñañañique (departamento de Piura

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1989-01-01

Full Text Available Après un abandon de plus d'un millénaire, le site de Cerro Ñañañique est réoccupé sans doute à partir du Xème siècle de notre ère. Les fouilles réalisées ont permis de reconnaître l'existence d'un ensemble monumental, composé de terrasses artificielles, et d'un complexe de bâtiments et structures couvrant tout le sommet du cerro. De petites constructions furent édifiées sur le bas versant Est et au moins cinq cimetières sont connus dans les environs immédiats. L'ensemble de ces vestiges prouve le maintien d'une occupation du secteur jusqu'à la fin de la période préhispanique. L'article est centré sur l'analyse de quatorze contextes funéraires provenant d'un des cimetières de cette époque. Y sont décrits les positions, orientations et associations des différents corps exhumés ainsi que le mobilier funéraire associé. Une comparaison avec les traditions voisines connues permet de confirmer certaines similitudes et en particulier les relations étroites avec les zones méridionales. Después de un abandono de más de un milenio, el sitio de Cerro Ñañañique se reocupó, posiblemente desde el siglo X d.c. Las excavaciones realizadas permitieron reconocer la existencia de un conjunto monumental compuesto de terrazas artificiales y de un complejo de edificios y estructuras que cubre toda la cumbre del cerro. Pequeñas construcciones fueron también edificadas en la parte baja de la vertiente este y hubo, por lo menos, cinco cementerios a proximidad. El conjunto de estos vestigios comprueba la permanencia de una ocupación del sector hasta el final de la época prehispánica. El artículo está centrado en el análisis de catorce contextos funerarios de aquella época. Se describen la posición, la orientación y las asociaciones de los varios cuerpos exhumados, así como el material funerario asociado. Una comparación con las tradiciones vecinas permite confirmar ciertas semejanzas y particularmente las relaciones

La sodomie dans l’affaire Théophile de Viau : questions de genre et de sexualité dans la France du premier xviie siècle

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Matthieu Dupas

2010-04-01

Full Text Available L’affaire Théophile est source de malentendus. Alors que l’historiographie du libertinage, en se concentrant sur le libertinage érudit a fini par oublier que la sodomie était un enjeu majeur du procès, les historiens de la répression homosexuelle abordent les relations sexuelles entre hommes dans une perspective essentialiste, gommant toute distinction entre sodomie au xviie siècle et homosexualité à l’époque contemporaine. Il s’agit donc la première partie de cet article de souligner que la sodomie est au cœur de l’affaire à la fois comme objet de représentation littéraire et comme pratique illicite. La seconde partie consiste dans une historicisation des discours ayant trait aux relations sexuelles entre hommes, qui montre qu’on ne saurait confondre « homosexualité masculine » et « sodomie ». Celle-ci désigne en effet des rapports anaux aussi bien entre hommes et femmes qu’entre hommes seuls ; lorsque la notion est mobilisée pour renvoyer à des relations anales entre hommes, elle ne constitue pas pour autant une orientation sexuelle ; en tant que concept issu de la théologie, elle ne relève pas de la sexualité ; aucune déviation de genre ne lui est associée. Dans une troisième partie, il s’agit de montrer que la notion de sodomie ne doit pas nous conduire à ignorer les autres discours pouvant porter sur les relations sexuelles entre hommes dans la France du premier xviie siècle et qu’à ce titre, on ne saurait se suffire de cette catégorie pour aborder la question. Bref, cet article a pour but de poser les premiers jalons d’une histoire de l’homosexualité masculine dans la France du xviie siècle d’un point de vue historiciste, sinon constructionniste.Sodomy in the Theophile de Viau affair: questions of gender and sexuality in early modern France.There is a puzzling misunderstanding about the Theophile affair. While the historiography of libertinism, focusing on erudite

Approches substantives de l’économie : des outils pour l’étude des organisations d’économie sociale

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Andreia Lemaître

2008-12-01

Full Text Available Les approches traditionnelles des organisations d’économie sociale (OES se centrent le plus souvent sur leur dimension socioéconomique, les analysant comme des initiatives privées non-lucratives produisant des biens et services, dans un rapport de contingence à leur environnement. Dans l’article, nous défendons une approche des OES fondée sur leur double dimension, socioéconomique et politique. Nous les envisageons aussi comme des institutions, capables d’action sur leur contexte, comme des voies d’expression collective s’inscrivant de manière spécifique dans l’espace public et pouvant interagir avec la régulation publique. L’article a pour objectif de démontrer la pertinence de la grille polanyienne pour appréhender cette double dimension, à travers la mobilisation de deux concepts : d’une part celui d’encastrement politique et, d’autre part, celui de l’articulation des différentes formes d’intégration, mis en avant à travers l’adoption d’une définition substantive de l’économie. Parmi ces formes, le principe de l’administration domestique est très peu évoqué dans la littérature sur la pensée de Polanyi. Pourtant, l’administration domestique renvoie à ce que la littérature féministe contemporaine appelle le « travail domestique » ou encore le care, à savoir la production, principalement assurée par les femmes, de biens et services gratuits destinés à leurs proches. Une relecture de ce principe dans le cadre des rapports sociaux de sexes démontre tout son intérêt dans les OES, particulièrement celles qui sont impliquées dans l’aide à la personne, où l’entourage proche est régulièrement mobilisé.The traditional approaches of the social economy organizations (SEO generally focus on their socioeconomic dimension, analyzing them as private non-profit initiatives producing goods and services, in a contingent relation with their environment. In this article, we suggest

Savoirs professionnels et prévention des TMS : réflexions conceptuelles et méthodologiques menant à leur identification et à la genèse de leur construction Professional know-how and MSD prevention: conceptual and methodological reflection leading to their identification and the start of their construction Saberes profesionales y prevención de LME : reflexiones conceptuales y metodológicas que conducen a su identificación y a la génesis de su construcción

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Sylvie Ouellet

2008-11-01

Full Text Available Le travail répétitif est souvent vu comme un travail qui peut s’apprendre par la simple observation d’un collègue. Cette étude a eu pour objectif de décrire les savoir-faire et en particulier ceux qui permettent de se protéger, qui sont développés par six travailleurs-experts d’un département de découpe de la viande. Des entretiens individuels et collectifs, des observations sur place et sur vidéos et des rencontres d’autoconfrontation ont été réalisés. Une typologie des savoirs à la base des savoir-faire a été élaborée et l’existence d’une hiérarchie dans la construction des savoir-faire a été dévoilée, notamment pour des savoir-faire appelés « savoir-faire efficients ». Cette hiérarchie fait ressortir toute la complexité du travail qui devrait être considérée dans l’organisation de la formation et la présentation du contenu. La démarche ergonomique développée dans cette étude ainsi qu’un cadre théorique issu de la pratique sur le terrain ont permis de mettre au jour la richesse des savoirs mobilisés dans le travail manuel.Repetitive work is often seen as work that can be learned by simple observation of a colleague. This study aimed to describe the know-how and especially the know-how that can be used for one’s protection, developed by six expert workers in a meat-cutting department. Individual and group interviews, on-site and video observations, and individual auto-confrontation (confronting participants with their own activity were conducted. A typology of the know-how’s knowledge base was developed and the existence of a hierarchy in the development of expertise was brought to light, including know-how called « efficient know-how ». This hierarchy highlights all the complexity of the work that should be considered in organizing training and presenting content. The ergonomic approach developed in this study and a theoretical framework resulting from practice have helped to

Professional know-how and MSD prevention: conceptual and methodological reflection leading to their identification and the start of their construction Savoirs professionnels et prévention des TMS : réflexions conceptuelles et méthodologiques menant à leur identification et à la genèse de leur construction Saberes profesionales y prevención de LME : reflexiones conceptuales y metodológicas que conducen a su identificación y a la génesis de su construcción

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Nicole Vézina

2008-11-01

jour la richesse des savoirs mobilisés dans le travail manuel.El trabajo repetitivo está visto a menudo como un trabajo que puede aprenderse a traves de la simple observacion de un colega. Este trabajo intenta describir los saber-hacer y en particular aquellos que permiten protegerse, desarrollados por seis trabajadores expertos de un departamento de corte de carne. Se han realizado entrevistas individuales y colectivas, observaciones in situ y en base a videos, asi como encuentros de auto-confrontación. Una tipología de saberes fundacionales de los saber-hacer a sido abordada y la existencia de una jerarquía en la construcción de los saber-hacer ha sido develada, sobre todo para los saber-hacer llamados « saber-hacer eficientes ». Esta jerarquía hace resaltar toda la complejidad del trabajo que debería ser considerado en la organización de la formación y de la presentación del contenido. El enfoque ergonómico desarrollado en este estudio, asi como también un marco teórico inspirado en la práctica de campo, permitieron poner al día la riqueza de los saberes mobilizados en el trabajo manual.

Nível de convergência dos princípios contábeis brasileiros e norte-americanos às normas do IASB: uma contribuição para a adoção das IFRS por empresas brasileiras The convergence level of the brazilian and american accounting principles with IASB standards: a contribution to brazilian companies' adoption of IFRS

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Valdiney Alves Oliveira

2011-08-01

Full Text Available A presente pesquisa teve como objetivo avaliar em que nível as informações contábeis divulgadas nos mercados: brasileiro e norte-americano atendem aos requisitos da adoção inicial das IFRS - International Financial Reporting Standards. A adoção das IFRS por companhias abertas brasileiras nas suas demonstrações contábeis consolidadas foi exigida pela Comissão de Valores Mobiliários (CVM na Instrução CVM 457/07. Por meio de uma pesquisa descritiva quanto aos seus objetivos e utilizando-se dos procedimentos técnicos de pesquisa documental e de análise de conteúdo clássica, foram analisadas as demonstrações contábeis elaboradas para o ano de 2008 de acordo com os US GAAPs e os BR GAAPs de 20 empresas brasileiras listadas simultaneamente na Bolsa de Valores de Nova York (NYSE e na Bolsa de Valores de São Paulo (BOVESPA e calculou-se o índice de disclosure proposto na pesquisa de Lopes e Rodrigues (2007. A pesquisa apontou para índices de disclosure calculados para o Form 20F maiores do que aqueles calculados para as Demonstrações Financeiras Padrão (DFP, confirmando um nível de convergência maior entre US GAAP e IFRS e sugerindo que, em função da adoção das IFRS as demonstrações contábeis em BR GAAP tendem a se modificar substancialmente aumentando o n��vel de divulgação. Além disso, os resultados confirmam para a amostra, o exposto na literatura selecionada de que o setor de atuação e o tamanho da empresa influem diretamente no disclosure das informações. Em relação aos auditores, o fato de as demonstrações serem auditadas pelas empresas globais de auditoria conhecidas como Big Four não foi determinante na extensão do disclosure.This study aimed to assess the extent to which accounting information disclosed in the Brazilian and North American markets meet the requirements for the initial adoption of IFRS - International Financial Reporting Standards. The Brazilian Securities Commission (CVM

Orientations épistémiques et niveaux d’analyse en sociologie

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Marcel Drulhe

2008-10-01

Full Text Available Dans le cadre d'un pluralisme sociologique sans relativisme et en prenant appui sur des travaux dans le domaine de la vieillesse, comment expliciter « la cuisine sociologique » depuis « les courses » (rassemblement de l'information jusqu'à la présentation des « mets » (traitement et écriture ? Deux lignes d'exploration sont parcourues : les langages d'observation qui donnent son orientation à la collecte et à son traitement, et les niveaux d'analyse qui permettent de déterminer les totalités de référence où est engagée l'intelligibilité. Faire parler les données, laisser parler les données, retrouver au cœur des données des logiques d'action au sein de leurs cadres sociaux de possibilité constituent les trois orientations majeures mobilisées par les chercheurs. Étendre ou diminuer le collectif d'appartenance, fixer le cadre temporel de ce que l'on observe tout comme préciser le volume et la nature des unités d'observation forment trois critères essentiels pour déterminer les niveaux d'analyse et procéder à leurs éventuelles combinaisons. Une esquisse de mise en perspective avec les travaux épistémologiques de Jean-Michel Berthelot révèle des convergences et des écarts qui incitent à de nouvelles comparaisons.In the frame of a sociological pluralism without relativism and relying on works in the field of old age, how can we explain « the sociological cooking » from the « shopping » (gathering of information to the « meals » (treatment and writing? Two lines of exploration are covered: the languages of observation which give the orientation of the collection and its treatment, and the levels of analysis which allow to determine the totalities of reference in which intelligibility is involved. To make the data talk, to let the data talk, to find, at the core of the data, logics of action within their social frames of possibility constitute the three major orientations mobilized by researchers

« Petits meurtres entre amis », Approche psychosomatique et psychodynamique du harcèlement moral au travail

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Marie Grenier-Pezé

2005-11-01

Full Text Available La présence médiatique du harcèlement moral interroge sa légitimité sociale et psychopathologique. Comprendre la redoutable toxicité de la situation de harcèlement impose de se pencher sur les enjeux identitaires liés à la situation de travail. Il s’agit de replacer ce nouveau syndrome dans le contexte plus large des effets positifs et négatifs de l’organisation du travail sur la santé psychique et physique. Les mécanismes de défense individuels et les stratégies collectives mobilisés par les sujets pour tenir au travail peuvent souder ou disloquer un collectif de travail entraînant la désignation d’un bouc émissaire. L’intériorisation des valeurs organisationnelles de l’entreprise autorisent la banalisation du mal exercé sur autrui, sa systématisation en techniques de disciplinarisation du corps. La rencontre avec le réseau de prise en charge, médecin du travail, médecin inspecteur, médecin généraliste, psychologue n’est pas qu’une stratégie médico-administrative. Ce travail du lien met un terme symbolique à l’isolement du harcelé et un point d’arrêt à la désintrication psychosomatique en cours.The presence of moral harassment in the media questions its own social and psychopathological legitimacy. To understand the formidable toxicity of the harassment situation, identity issues related to the work situation need to be investigated. This new syndrome must be re-situated within the broader framework of the positive and negative effects of work organization on mental and physical health. The individual defence mechanisms and collective strategies that subjects mobilize to cope at work can either strengthen or dismantle a work collective, thus resulting in the creation of a scapegoat. Internalizing the company’s organizational values allows banalization of the harm imposed on others, and its systematization through bodily discipline techniques. Meeting with the network (the company medical

Gerenciamento de resultados em bancos com uso de TVM: validação de modelo de dois estágios Securities-based earnings management in nanks: validation of a two-stage model

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José Alves Dantas

2013-04-01

Full Text Available Estudos sobre gerenciamento de resultados em bancos têm se preocupado especialmente com o uso da provisão para créditos de liquidação duvidosa (PCLD e utilizam principalmente modelos de dois estágios para a identificação da ação discricionária da administração. Outro tipo de registro que tem recebido atenção dos pesquisadores na identificação dessa prática em bancos é a classificação e a mensuração do valor justo dos títulos e valores mobiliários (TVM. Nesse caso, porém, têm prevalecido modelos de um estágio. Este estudo tem por objetivo desenvolver e validar um modelo de dois estágios para a identificação da discricionariedade nos resultados com TVM. O modelo incorpora preceitos dos poucos estudos sobre o tema, parâmetros utilizados nos modelos para identificação da PCLD discricionária em bancos, além de indicadores macroeconômicos e características específicas de composição da carteira de TVM. Os testes empíricos tiveram por base as informações dos bancos comerciais, bancos múltiplos e caixas econômicas em atuação no mercado brasileiro, entre o terceiro trimestre de 2002 e o quarto trimestre de 2010. Para a validação do modelo proposto, os seus resultados foram cotejados com os decorrentes da aplicação de um modelo de um estágio - metodologia difundida na literatura sobre o tema. Os testes realizados com os dois modelos revelam evidências da prática de alisamento de resultados com o uso de TVM, bem como a utilização da classificação em títulos disponíveis para venda nessas ações de gerenciamento. A consistência dos resultados encontrados nos dois modelos evidencia a validação do modelo proposto, contribuindo para o desenvolvimento de pesquisas sobre o tema que se preocupem não apenas em constatar se há a prática ou não do gerenciamento, mas também associá-la a outras variáveis. Neste estudo, por exemplo, foi constatado que essa prática é mais relevante nos bancos de

Avaliação da acessibilidade domiciliar de crianças com deficiência física Home accessibility assessment of children with physical disabilities

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Mariana Capacci Gasparoto

2012-06-01

Full Text Available a abordagem biopsicossocial de deficiência considera que a incapacidade resulta tanto da interação entre disfunção, limitação das atividades e restrição na participação social do indivíduo, quanto dos fatores ambientais. A ausência de adaptações ambientais apropriadas prejudica a acessibilidade, desempenho e participação de indivíduos com deficiência física (DF. O principal objetivo deste estudo consistiu em avaliar a acessibilidade domiciliar de crianças com DF. Foi utilizado um checklist construído pelas pesquisadoras, que investigou desde barreiras arquitetônicas e adaptações no domicílio até necessidades de apoio dessas crianças. O preenchimento do checklist se deu por meio de visitas nas residências de cinco crianças participantes que apresentavam dificuldade de locomoção e usavam cadeira de rodas ou andador. As avaliações duraram em média 50 minutos e permitiram conhecer as condições de acessibilidade e participação das crianças em casa. Identificou-se carência de mobiliário e/ou recursos adaptados para as crianças, apesar da frequente indicação de necessidade de auxílio para a locomoção, higiene e vestuário. Dentre as barreiras universais avaliadas, predominou desníveis, aclives e pisos lisos nas rotas de acesso, inadequação da largura de portas de banheiros e apenas em uma residência o espaço de circulação era adequado em todos os cômodos. O conhecimento das condições de acessibilidade e participação das crianças possibilitou às pesquisadoras propor modificações/adaptações ambientais pertinentes. Embora a literatura destaque a estreita relação entre acessibilidade, funcionalidade, participação e qualidade de vida de pessoas com deficiência física, o estudo identificou precariedade de pesquisas e de instrumentos específicos de avaliação relacionados à acessibilidade do ambiente domiciliar.A bio psychosocial approach to disabilities considers that failure results

Jalons pour une anthropologie de l’éthique entrepreneuriale en Asie du Sud-Est Groundwork for an Anthropology of Entrepreneurial Ethics in South-East Asia

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Ghislaine Gallenga

2013-06-01

Full Text Available L’éthique entrepreneuriale est une notion largement mobilisée dans le milieu des affaires et des entreprises en Asie du Sud-Est où elle est présentée le plus souvent comme un ensemble de préceptes moraux, idéologiques ou religieux que les acteurs locaux rassemblent sous le vocable « valeurs asiatiques ». L’objet de cette introduction est de replacer ces valeurs dans le contexte de l’entreprise à partir de quelques travaux fondateurs de ce sujet en Asie du Sud-Est. Nous verrons que le plus souvent ils oscillent entre deux pôles : d’une part la sociologie wébérienne du capitalisme industriel par le prisme de l’éthique religieuse et d’autre part l’approche substantiviste de Polanyi. Si les grilles d’analyse nées de ces débats ont été appliquées en majorité aux entrepreneurs issus de la diaspora chinoise, c’est la question de l’idéologie des entrepreneurs qui prédomine à travers le prisme des courants philosophiques et religieux qui leur servent de repères. Comment des valeurs et des idéologies sont-elles perpétuées, adaptées ou transposées par les directions d’entreprise ? Comment s’insèrent-elles également dans les micro-stratégies des acteurs locaux ? Comment l’éthique entrepreneuriale se décline-t-elle dans des établissements de statuts divers et dans des familles d’entrepreneurs ? Quelles images ces dernières construisent-elles et quelles sont les valeurs (morales, religieuses, etc. qui participent à la construction de cette éthique ? En d’autres termes, il s’agit d’observer des pratiques qui ont cours dans cette partie du monde et d’en comprendre les logiques au travers d’analyses anthropologiques. Ainsi, les contributions présentées dans ce numéro apportent à la fois des éléments de réponse et ouvrent d’autres pistes de réflexion pour concourir à esquisser ce que « éthique entrepreneuriale » peut recouvrir dans cette région du Sud-Est asiatique

J.-P. Giraud, F. Pons, Th. Janin, dir., Nécropoles protohistoriques de la région de Castres (Tarn. Le Causse, Gourjade, Le Martinet. Volume 1 : études et synthèses, 276 p. ; volume 2 : catalogue des ensembles funéraires, 268 p. ; volume 3 : planches du mobilier, 231 p., DAF n° 94

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Pierre-Yves Milcent

2006-05-01

Full Text Available Entre 1987 et 1995, plusieurs campagnes de fouilles préventives ont permis l'exploration de trois importantes nécropoles à incinération de la fin de l'âge du Bronze et du premier âge du Fer dans les environs de Castres, en Midi-Pyrénées. Trois volumes, l'un de planches, un autre de description et un troisième d'analyse et de synthèse, nous apportent, dans des délais qu'il faut saluer pour leur brièveté, la publication exhaustive d'un corpus exceptionnel par la quantité des informations collec...

La migration des hydrocarbures dans les bassins sédimentaires: aspects géologiques et géochimiques Migration of Hydrocarbons in Sedimentary Basins: Geological and Geochemical Aspects

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Tissot B. P.

2006-11-01

Full Text Available La migration du pétrole vers les réservoirs et les pièges, et particulièrement son expulsion hors de la roche-mère où il s'est formé (migration primaire, est demeurée longtemps un des problèmes les plus mal connus de toute la géologie pétrolière. Le déplacement du pétrole et du gaz s'effectue en phase hydrocarbure séparée. L'eau, souvent considérée comme le véhicule du pétrole dans la migration, joue en fait un rôle négatif : il faut que la saturation en eau ait suffisamment diminué (par expulsion et que la saturation en hydrocarbures ait suffisamment augmenté (par génération à partir du kérogène pour que l'écoulement d'une phase hydrocarbure devienne possible. Le moteur de cette expulsion est le gradient de pression : l'élévation de la pression dans l'espace poreux des roches-mères résulte de trois causes (la charge sédimentaire, la genèse des hydrocarbures, et l'expansion thermique de l'eau. La microfissuration, qui survient quand la pression interne des fluides dépasse la résistance mécanique de la roche peut jouer un rôle important. Les observations dans les bassins sédimentaires de cas bien documentés sont encore trop rares. Il est, en particulier, difficile de calculer les réserves mobilisées à l'échelle d'un permis ou d'un bassin. La modélisation numérique de la migration, associée à celle de la genèse du pétrole et du gaz, offre des perspectives dans ce sens, mais elle demande encore des travaux complémentaires. Parmi les conséquences de la migration, on peut citer : la possibilité de corrélation huile/roche-mère, la teneur plus faible en produits lourds dans les réservoirs que dans les roches-mères et le rôle souvent joué par un déplacement où hydrocarbures liquides et gazeux forment une phase unique, qui migre en laissant progressivement derrière elle les fractions plus lourdes, par condensation rétrograde. Oil migration toward reservoirs and traps, and especially its

Crisis management and warning procedures

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Valérie November

2009-03-01

Full Text Available Sur la base de deux événements d’inondation ayant touché récemment, dans des contextes politiques, organisationnels et hydrologiques bien différents, de nouveaux quartiers d’habitation, cet article rend compte des pratiques des acteurs impliqués dans des situations d’alerte et de crise en Suisse. Le recensement des acteurs – à travers leur rôle et leur place dans les mécanismes de préparation, d’alerte et de gestion –, ainsi que l’inventaire des documents mobilisés par ceux-ci, ont été réalisés dans les deux cas. Cette analyse a permis d’évaluer la gestion des événements, de déceler les changements organisationnels qui ont suivi les crises et de connaître la conception et le degré de formalisation du risque dont étaient dotés les différents acteurs avant et après les inondations. Plus encore, l’analyse a documenté les nouveaux processus d’alerte et de prévision qui ont été mis en place suite aux événements. Il s’avère ainsi que les épisodes d’inondation agissent de façon décisive sur la production de connaissances, à un degré variable selon les acteurs. Ces épisodes révèlent aussi parfois l’existence de connaissances « en attente » qui ne sont pas encore intégrées dans les procédures institutionnelles. Tant du point de vue de la prévision que de la gestion de la crise, ils permettent aussi de tester les canaux de l’information et de combler les déficits d’organisation, de collaboration et de sécurisation des dispositifs de communication. En outre, les risques et les crises liés aux inondations modifient les dynamiques et les politiques territoriales, conséquences du réajustement des réseaux d’acteurs. La mise en place de dispositifs d’intervention et de gestion de crise se montre cependant plus efficace que la refonte des dispositifs d’aménagement, généralement longue. Toutefois, la mémoire des événements se dégradant avec le temps, une inscription

Gérer et alerter

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Valérie November

2009-03-01

Full Text Available Sur la base de deux événements d’inondation ayant touché récemment, dans des contextes politiques, organisationnels et hydrologiques bien différents, de nouveaux quartiers d’habitation, cet article rend compte des pratiques des acteurs impliqués dans des situations d’alerte et de crise en Suisse. Le recensement des acteurs – à travers leur rôle et leur place dans les mécanismes de préparation, d’alerte et de gestion –, ainsi que l’inventaire des documents mobilisés par ceux-ci, ont été réalisés dans les deux cas. Cette analyse a permis d’évaluer la gestion des événements, de déceler les changements organisationnels qui ont suivi les crises et de connaître la conception et le degré de formalisation du risque dont étaient dotés les différents acteurs avant et après les inondations. Plus encore, l’analyse a documenté les nouveaux processus d’alerte et de prévision qui ont été mis en place suite aux événements. Il s’avère ainsi que les épisodes d’inondation agissent de façon décisive sur la production de connaissances, à un degré variable selon les acteurs. Ces épisodes révèlent aussi parfois l’existence de connaissances « en attente » qui ne sont pas encore intégrées dans les procédures institutionnelles. Tant du point de vue de la prévision que de la gestion de la crise, ils permettent aussi de tester les canaux de l’information et de combler les déficits d’organisation, de collaboration et de sécurisation des dispositifs de communication. En outre, les risques et les crises liés aux inondations modifient les dynamiques et les politiques territoriales, conséquences du réajustement des réseaux d’acteurs. La mise en place de dispositifs d’intervention et de gestion de crise se montre cependant plus efficace que la refonte des dispositifs d’aménagement, généralement longue. Toutefois, la mémoire des événements se dégradant avec le temps, une inscription

Social norms for population displacements caused by large dams France, 20th century

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Armelle Faure

2009-03-01

such projects.Le recul du temps et les études historiques permettent de porter un regard a posteriori sur la façon dont les populations rurales françaises ont été déplacées pour la construction des grands barrages pendant et après la seconde guerre mondiale. Aujourd’hui, des normes internationales sont imposées aux constructeurs par les gouvernements et les financeurs. En l’absence de ces normes sociales internationales, comment les déplacements se sont-ils passés ? Le regard est porté à partir des « politiques de sauvegarde » actuelles développées par la Banque Mondiale et la Banque Asiatique de Développement. Les études de cas rétrospectives partent des recherches menées dans les Alpes par Virginie Bodon sur Tignes et Serre-Ponçon pour sa thèse d’histoire (1999 ainsi que le livre de D. Varaschin sur Tignes. L’auteur utilise ses propres études sur les grands barrages de la Haute-Dordogne, menées dans les archives départementales et municipales, et les enquêtes directes auprès de témoins et de leurs enfants (1998-2005. L’expérience de l’auteur comme anthropologue pour la Banque Mondiale permet d’analyser les façons dont ces déplacements ont été menés en pratique. Ces déplacements contraints, appelés « involuntary resettlement » dans un concept euphémistique des discours du développement, prennent une importance de plus en plus notoire avec la crise internationale de l’énergie. Les barrages ont provoqué un débat international sur les impacts sociaux et environnementaux, relayé par la World Commission on Dams. À l’heure où les sources de financement sont à nouveau mobilisées pour accroître la construction de nouveaux barrages à travers le monde, il paraît utile de fournir des connaissances sur un pays qui était à l’époque l’un des plus innovateurs dans la construction de ces aménagements.

Des normes sociales pour les déplacements de population causés par les grands barrages. France, XXe siècle

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Armelle Faure

2009-03-01

such projects.Le recul du temps et les études historiques permettent de porter un regard a posteriori sur la façon dont les populations rurales françaises ont été déplacées pour la construction des grands barrages pendant et après la seconde guerre mondiale. Aujourd’hui, des normes internationales sont imposées aux constructeurs par les gouvernements et les financeurs. En l’absence de ces normes sociales internationales, comment les déplacements se sont-ils passés ? Le regard est porté à partir des « politiques de sauvegarde » actuelles développées par la Banque Mondiale et la Banque Asiatique de Développement. Les études de cas rétrospectives partent des recherches menées dans les Alpes par Virginie Bodon sur Tignes et Serre-Ponçon pour sa thèse d’histoire (1999 ainsi que le livre de D. Varaschin sur Tignes. L’auteur utilise ses propres études sur les grands barrages de la Haute-Dordogne, menées dans les archives départementales et municipales, et les enquêtes directes auprès de témoins et de leurs enfants (1998-2005. L’expérience de l’auteur comme anthropologue pour la Banque Mondiale permet d’analyser les façons dont ces déplacements ont été menés en pratique. Ces déplacements contraints, appelés « involuntary resettlement » dans un concept euphémistique des discours du développement, prennent une importance de plus en plus notoire avec la crise internationale de l’énergie. Les barrages ont provoqué un débat international sur les impacts sociaux et environnementaux, relayé par la World Commission on Dams. À l’heure où les sources de financement sont à nouveau mobilisées pour accroître la construction de nouveaux barrages à travers le monde, il paraît utile de fournir des connaissances sur un pays qui était à l’époque l’un des plus innovateurs dans la construction de ces aménagements.

Doenças do sistema osteomuscular em trabalhadores de enfermagem Enfermedades del sistema osteomuscular en trabajadores de enfermería Diseases of the osteomuscular system in nursing workers

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Neide Tiemi Murofuse

2005-06-01

Full Text Available Esta pesquisa, de caráter descritivo e retrospectivo, realizada na Fundação Hospitalar do Estado de Minas Gerais-Brasil, teve por objetivo analisar os problemas de saúde relacionados ao sistema osteomuscular encontrados nos trabalhadores de enfermagem de 23 instituições de saúde, atendidos pela Divisão de Assistência à Saúde do Trabalhador, em 2002. Os dados foram coletados nos mapas de atendimentos e nos prontuários médicos norteados por um roteiro elaborado pelos autores. Os diagnósticos foram agrupados segundo o Código Internacional de Doenças CID-10 e comparados à Lista de doenças relacionadas ao trabalho do Ministério da Saúde. Na análise dos dados, utilizou-se o programa estatístico SPSS. Entre os 6070 atendimentos realizados, 11,83% deles (718 apresentaram diagnósticos de problemas relacionados ao sistema osteomuscular, envolvendo diversas estruturas corporais como a coluna vertebral, membros superiores e inferiores. As doenças legalmente consideradas como doenças do trabalho relacionadas ao sistema músculo-esquelético foram identificadas em 255 (35% atendimentos, destacando-se as dorsalgias (20% e as sinovites e tenossinovites (13,7%, agrupadas como LER-DORT. Conclui-se que maior atenção deva ser direcionada às posturas adotadas pelos trabalhadores na execução das atividades laborais e às condições dos mobiliários, bem como se faz necessário disponibilizar instrumentos e equipamentos ergonomicamente planejados, visando à redução da incidência dos problemas osteomusculares.Una investigación descriptiva y retrospectiva fue realizada en la Fundação Hospitalar do Estado de Minas Gerais-Brasil y tuvo como objetivo analizar los problemas de salud relacionados con el sistema osteomuscular encontrados en los trabajadores de enfermería de 23 instituciones de salud, atendidos por la División de Atención a la Salud del Trabajador en 2002. Los datos fueron recopilados en los mapas de consultas y en los

Les Turcs dans Ţiganiada de Ion Budai-Deleanu Turcs in Ţiganiada of Ion Budai-Deleanu

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Silviu Petcu

2012-05-01

Full Text Available La Ţiganiada d’Ion Budai-Deleanu, un des pères de la langue roumaine moderne, est une épopée placée dans la Munténie du XVe siècle et structurée sur deux plans : d'une part, un plan comique créé par le pittoresque du campement des « Tsiganes », mobilisés pour combattre les Turcs par le prince Vlad l'Empaleur, surnommé Dracula, et, d'autre part, un plan héroïque constitué par les actions de ce prince et son armée. La promesse d’émancipation des Rroms esclaves, avec attribution d'un territoire, en échange de leur alliance au combat est une pure fiction et même un anachronisme pour le XVe siècle. Mais à travers cette idée, Budai-Deleanu se révèle visionnaire et partisan du mouvement d’abolition de l'esclavage des Rroms qui n'arrivera à ses fins que le 20 février 1856. En raison de son insoumission entêtée au sultan Mahomet II, son courage et ses capacités stratégiques, Vlad l'Empaleur devait rester dans l'histoire roumaine comme un patriote qui voulait protéger son pays contre l'expansion ottomane – même s'il est plus connu à l'étranger sous la caricature d'un vampire. La Ţiganiada doit être appréciée avant tout comme une allégorie où le plan de la fiction remplace souvent le plan réel. Mais l'auteur, chargé d’un idéal patriotique, nous présente aussi le plan réel avec ses particularités historiques et nationales. La lutte opiniâtre de la petite armée roumaine formée de paysans et de boyards permet de retarder l'avancée des Turcs vers l'Europe centrale. Elle laisse ainsi le temps nécessaire à l'Europe de se préparer et de livrer des batailles dans des périodes plus favorables, avec des armes plus puissantes et plus efficaces que celles des Turcs. L'image des Turcs y est en tous points conforme à leur réputation, largement répandue dans les Balkans. Cruauté, perfidie, corruption et absence de compassion les caractérisent d'un bout à l'autre de l'œuvre, l’auteur montre

Riscos Empresariais Divulgados nas Ofertas Públicas de Ações no BrasilEnterprise Risk Disclosed in Initial Public Offering in BrazilRiesgos Empresariales Divulgados en las Ofertas Públicas de Acciones en Brasil

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CUNHA, Paulo Roberto da

2011-12-01

Full Text Available RESUMOA regulamentação vigente no Brasil determina que empresas que desejam captar recursos no mercado de capitais por meio de emissão de ações devem elaborar um Prospecto de Oferta Pública de Ações no qual devem informar, entre outros fatores, todos os riscos que podem afetar o negócio. O objetivo deste artigo é investigar o nível de evidenciação dos riscos empresariais informados nesses prospectos. O delineamento metodológico foi descritivo com uma abordagem qualitativa. O objeto de análise consistiu nos Prospectos Definitivos de Oferta Pública de Ações listados na Comissão de Valores Mobiliários (CVM no ano de 2008. A amostra consistiu em 10 empresas de diversos segmentos. Adotou-se um critério de pontuação por meio do qual foi verificado que o percentual médio de pontuação atingido foi de 59% de evidenciação. Foram definidos também indicadores do nível de evidenciação por categoria de risco e por empresa. Esse percentual variou entre 42% da categoria “riscos da emissora” até 85% na categoria “riscos relacionados ao acionista”. Quanto à pontuação das empresas, a menor pontuação foi obtida pela Le Lis Blanc, com 51%, enquanto a Vale do Rio Doce obteve a maior pontuação, 66% do total possível. Como conclusão geral, constatou-se que o nível de evidenciação de riscos nos prospectos de oferta de ações ainda não é satisfatório. Possíveis causas para esse fenômeno são analisadas.ABSTRACTThe current legislation in Brazil requires that companies wishing to raise funds in capital markets through issuance of shares shall prepare a prospectus for Initial Public Offering (IPO in which they inform, among other things, all risks that may affect the business. The aim of this paper is to investigate the level of disclosure of business risks reported in these prospectuses. The methodological design was a descriptive qualitative approach. The object of analysis consisted of the final prospectus for

Apresentação - Introduction

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RHE Asphe

2015-05-01

Janeiro e ligados à Medicina, a ginástica, que é tomada como domínio do saber médico. Intentam pensar a introdução da prática nas escolas brasileiras. O tema acumula um conjunto significativo de estudos da historiografia brasileira e internacional da Educação, mas importa destacar no artigo mais uma demonstração de questões amplamente discutidas sobre saberes médicos e educação a partir de uma empiria que se apresenta como observatório privilegiado da produção e legitimação dos saberes médicos.Século 20, Espanha e mobiliário escolar encontram-se tematizados no instigante artigo de Jauri dos Santos Sá que nos dá provas da vitalidade das abordagens acerca do patrimônio educativo e da cultura material escolar para a História da Educação. Examina a atuação de Josep Goday, arquiteto espanhol, como protagonista na configuração de um mobiliário que procurava dignificar a sala aula para além dos aspectos arquitetônicos e estéticos, pois este constituía um índice da modernidade pedagógica. Inversamente, podemos pensar, a partir da modernidade pedagógica, o papel desempenhado pelo mobiliário escolar, enfim, isso é para dizer que o olhar dirigido ao mobiliário pode espraiar-se e, a partir dele, pensar a complexidade de questões do período histórico e do projeto/experiência educacional em que o mesmo se inscreve. O mobiliário, segundo o autor, constitui um dos principais testemunhos da arqueologia da escola, podendo mesmo ser concebido como indicador da difusão de projetos pedagógicos e processos de modernização em educação.Início do século 20, Minas Gerais, fazendas-modelo estão tematizados no artigo seguinte, de Irlen Antônio Gonçalves e Daniela Pereira Versieux, que aborda a formação de aprendizes agrícolas nestas iniciativas educacionais que possuem um caráter ímpar e que ministraram o ensino agrícola prático a um número expressivo de aprendizes em pelo menos cinco escolas mineiras assim identificadas. Os

AVALIAÇÃO DE EMPRESAS POR MEIO DE INDICADORES DE ATIVIDADE: UMA APLICAÇÃO DO MÉTODO AHP BUSINESS EVALUATION USING ACTIVITY INDICATORS: AN APPLICATION OF AHP METHOD ABSTRACT EVALUACIÓN DE EMPRESAS UTILIZANDO INDICADORES DE ACTIVIDAD: UNA APLICACIÓN DEL MÉTODO AHP

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Adriana Kroenke

2013-01-01

Full Text Available O objetivo deste artigo consiste em definir, por meio de indicadores de atividade e utilizando o método de Análise Hierárquica de Processos (AHP, uma classificação, em forma de ranking, dos resultados auferidos pelas empresas do setor metal mecânico listadas na  Bovespa. A pesquisa classifica-se como descritiva, documental e quantitativa. Foram coletadas as demonstrações contábeis consolidadas Balanço Patrimonial e Demonstração do Resultado do Exercício, e extraídos os indicadores de atividade prazo médio de estocagem, prazo médio de pagamento a fornecedores e prazo médio de cobrança. A coleta de dados para a análise foi realizada no sítio da Comissão de Valores Mobiliários (www.cvm.gov.br. O método AHP, desenvolvido por Saaty, faz parte da Escola Americana de Análise Multicritério e permite o estabelecimento de graus de preferência entre suas alternativas, que no artigo são os indicadores contábeis de atividade. As matrizes de preferências foram obtidas por meio da análise das componentes principais dos dados utilizados, considerando-se o primeiro eixo fatorial. A escala de Lootsma foi usada na adequação dos pesos. O rankingapontou, como primeira colocada, a Aços Villares em 2004, a Eluma nos anos de 2005 e 2006 e a Mangels, em 2007 e 2008. Obtidos os rankings parciais, construiu-se o ranking geral do período analisado por meio do sistema de pontos corridos, que considerou o posicionamento anual de cada empresa. O critério de desempate foi o indicador do prazo de estocagem. Assim, estabeleceu-se a Mangels e a Aços Villares como as duas empresas mais bem posicionadas no período em termos de atividade.The objective of the article consists of defining, through activity indicators, a classification in order of ranking, of the income earned by companies of the  section mechanical metal listed in Bovespa using the method of Hierarchical Analysis of Processes  (AHP. The research is classified as

L’invisible d’une dextérité technique. youmag, ou le façonnage discret d’un outil de production

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Etienne Candel

2014-04-01

Full Text Available Les auteurs explorent les modalités de coordinations professionnelles d’acteurs mobilisés au sein d’un média pour ajuster un outil de production destiné à la publication de revues de presse diffusées sur internet. L’outil est un CMS (content management system développé pour youmag, composé d’un site et d’une application mobile. En un an, informaticiens, documentalistes, designers et journalistes ont dû s’accorder afin de co-construire des étapes pour éditer les revues de presse, en ajustant les étapes formalisées par l’outil. L’article propose une double approche, d’ordre socio-sémiologique : les auteurs interrogent et observent les journalistes dans leurs pratiques quotidiennes et analysent les interfaces du CMS, pour montrer comment celles-ci voilent en partie certains des gestes nécessaires pour produire l’information diffusée. Les passages entre la partie back-office et la partie rendue accessible aux publics nécessitent de la part des journalistes des « petits sauts » imaginatifs afin d’ajuster les informations aux différentes zones de publication. Ces dernières opposent de façon clivée le visible de ce qui s’affiche sur un terminal — le texte de l’interface, destiné au lecteur — et ce qui est composé, en amont ou en parallèle, dans les rédactions, dans les bureaux, sur les terrains. La construction de ce clivage est d’autant plus intéressante que les outils informatisés instituent un ordre du visible, et des régimes différents dans la mobilisation du donné à voir. Dans ce processus en construction, les représentations identitaires des journalistes sont comme atténuées, l’urgence étant à l’établissement d’un outil commun transversal efficient. The authors explore the modalities of the professional coordination of media actors called upon to fine-tune a production tool whose purpose is the publication of press reviews on the Internet. The tool is a CMS (content

Préface

Science.gov (United States)

Aspect, Alain

2004-11-01

ouverture sur les recherches de base d'aujourd'hui qui seront peut-être les outils quotidiens de l'optique de demain. Quant aux 169 communications par affiches elles ont, suivant la règle, couvert sans restriction tous les sujets de l'optique actuelle. Ce volume spécial du Journal de Physique IV regroupe la majorité des conférences invitées et des communications par affiches. Profitant de la participation des mondes académique et industriel, un forum sur “innovation et nouveaux débouchés pour l'optique” a permis de dégager des raisons d'espoir pour l'emploi des chercheurs en optique. Enfin, renouvelant l'expérience d'éditions précédentes, la dernière demi journée a été consacrée à deux conférences qui étaient ouvertes à un public élargi, notamment les étudiants de l'université et des classes préparatoires ainsi que leurs enseignants. Si Antoine Labeyrie nous a laissés sans voix avec ses projets “hyperfuturistes” d'hypertélescopes à l'échelle du million de kilomètres, Pierre Lena nous a donné un moment de vrai bonheur en célébrant le mariage sans cesse renouvelé du toujours jeune couple que sont l'optique et l'astronomie : qu'il soit remercié aussi pour le magnifique teste publié dans ce volume. COLOQ se devait d'honorer la mémoire de deux personnalités hors du commun de l'optique, Jean Brossel et Gilbert Grynberg. Tous ceux qui avaient connu l'un ou l'autre ont pu apprécier la justesse des évocations, par d'anciens collaborateurs, de l'oeuvre scientifique mais aussi des personnalités de ces deux grands physiciens. On trouvera les textes de ces interventions émouvantes dans ce recueil. La réussite de COLOQ 8 est évidemment due; avant tout, à la qualité scientifique des présentations, mais elle repose aussi sur l'action conjuguée des comités d'organisation national et local. Au niveau local, Françoise Lozes et Jacques Vigué ont mobilisé les membres du LCAR-IRSAMC et du LAAS pour l'organisation conjointe - particuli