Zr-based conversion layer on Zn-Al-Mg alloy coated steel sheets: insights into the formation mechanism

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lostak, Thomas; Maljusch, Artjom; Klink, Björn; Krebs, Stefan; Kimpel, Matthias; Flock, Jörg; Schulz, Stephan; Schuhmann, Wolfgang

2014-01-01

Zr-based conversion layers are considered as environmentally friendly alternatives replacing trication phosphatation in the automotive industry. Based on excellent electronic barrier properties they provide an effective corrosion protection of the metallic substrate. In this work, thin protective layers were grown on novel Zn-Al-Mg alloy coated steel sheets by increasing the local pH-value at the sample surface leading to deposition of a Zr-based conversion layer. For this purpose Zn-Al-Mg alloy (ZM) coated steel sheets were treated in an aqueous model conversion solution containing well-defined amounts of hexafluorozirconic acid (H 2 ZrF 6 ) and characterized after different immersion times with SKPFM and field emission SEM (FE-SEM)/EDX techniques. A deposition mechanism of Zr-based conversion coatings on microstructural heterogeneous Zn-Al-Mg alloy surfaces was proposed

Observations of a Cast Cu-Cr-Zr Alloy

Science.gov (United States)

Ellis, David L.

2006-01-01

Prior work has demonstrated that Cu-Cr-Nb alloys have considerable advantages over the copper alloys currently used in regeneratively cooled rocket engine liners. Observations indicated that Zr and Nb have similar chemical properties and form very similar compounds. Glazov and Zakharov et al. reported the presence of Cr2Zr in Cu-Cr-Zr alloys with up to 3.5 wt% Cr and Zr though Zeng et al. calculated that Cr2Zr could not exist in a ternary Cu-Cr-Zr alloy. A cast Cu-6.15 wt% Cr-5.25 wt% Zr alloy was examined to determine if the microstructure developed would be similar to GRCop-84 (Cu-6.65 wt% Cr-5.85 wt% Nb). It was observed that the Cu-Cr-Zr system did not form any Cr2Zr even after a thermal exposure at 875 C for 176.5 h. Instead the alloy consisted of three phases: Cu, Cu5Zr, and Cr.

Devitrification behavior and glass-forming ability of Cu-Zr-Ag alloys

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Louzguine-Luzgin, Dmitri V.; Xie, Guoqiang; Zhang, Wei; Inoue, Akihisa

2007-01-01

This paper presents an influence of Ag addition on the glass-forming ability and devitrification behavior of Cu-Zr glassy alloys on heating. The crystallization kinetics and structure changes in Cu 45 Zr 45 Ag 10 and Cu 35 Zr 45 Ag 20 glassy alloys on heating were studied by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, differential scanning and isothermal calorimetry methods. Based on the results obtained one can assume that the improvement of the glass-forming ability of the Cu-Zr alloys by the addition of Ag is connected with a particular crystallization mechanism and a higher reduced glass-transition temperature of the Cu 45 Zr 45 Ag 10 ternary alloy compared to the binary Cu 55 Zr 45 counterpart. As observed in the present work crystallization of the Cu-Zr-Ag alloys is found to cause embitterment of the samples and should be avoided as these alloys are considered to be used as structural materials. The Cu 35 Zr 45 Ag 20 alloy shows possible submicron-scale phase separation upon annealing

Microstructural evolution of Ni40Zr60 alloy during early stage of mechanical alloying of intermetallic compounds NiZr2 and Ni11Zr9

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lee Peeyew; Koch, C.C.

1994-01-01

The microstructural change of Ni 40 Zr 60 alloy during mechanical alloying of mixtures of the intermetallic compounds NiZr 2 and Ni 11 Zr 9 has been studied by transmission electron microscopy. A specific ''cauliflower'' phase was formed during early stage of mechanical alloying process. It is suggested that the solid state reaction between intermetallic compounds NiZr 2 and Ni 11 Zr 9 is not the only origin for the formation of the ''cauliflower'' phase. ((orig.))

Corrosion behavior in high-temperature pressurized water of Zircaloy-4 joints brazed with Zr-Cu-based amorphous filler alloys

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lee, Jung Gu, E-mail: jglee88@ulsan.ac.kr [School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 44610 (Korea, Republic of); Lee, Gyoung-Ja; Park, Jin-Ju [Nuclear Materials Development Division, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI), Yuseong, Daejeon 34057 (Korea, Republic of); Lee, Min-Ku, E-mail: leeminku@kaeri.re.kr [Nuclear Materials Development Division, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI), Yuseong, Daejeon 34057 (Korea, Republic of)

2017-05-15

The compositional effects of ternary Zr-Cu-X (X: Al, Fe) amorphous filler alloys on galvanic corrosion susceptibility in high-temperature pressurized water were investigated for Zircaloy-4 brazed joints. Through an Al-induced microgalvanic reaction that deteriorated the overall nobility of the joint, application of the Zr-Cu-Al filler alloy caused galvanic coupling to develop readily between the Al-bearing joint and the Al-free base metal, finally leading to massive localized corrosion of the joint. Contrastingly, joints prepared with a Zr-Cu-Fe filler alloy showed excellent corrosion resistance comparable to that of the Zircaloy-4 base metal, since the Cu and Fe elements forming fine intermetallic particles with Zr did not influence the electrochemical stability of the resultant joints. The present results demonstrate that Fe is a more suitable alloying element than Al for brazing filler alloys subjected to high-temperature corrosive environments. - Highlights: •Corrosion of Zircaloy-4 joints brazed with Zr-Cu-X filler alloys was investigated. •Alloyed Al deteriorated the overall nobility of joints by microgalvanic reaction. •Compositional gradient of Al in joints was the driving force for galvanic corrosion. •Cu and Fe did not influence the electrochemical stability of joints. •Zr-Cu-Fe filler alloy yielded excellent high-temperature corrosion resistance.

Corrosion behavior in high-temperature pressurized water of Zircaloy-4 joints brazed with Zr-Cu-based amorphous filler alloys

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lee, Jung Gu; Lee, Gyoung-Ja; Park, Jin-Ju; Lee, Min-Ku

2017-01-01

The compositional effects of ternary Zr-Cu-X (X: Al, Fe) amorphous filler alloys on galvanic corrosion susceptibility in high-temperature pressurized water were investigated for Zircaloy-4 brazed joints. Through an Al-induced microgalvanic reaction that deteriorated the overall nobility of the joint, application of the Zr-Cu-Al filler alloy caused galvanic coupling to develop readily between the Al-bearing joint and the Al-free base metal, finally leading to massive localized corrosion of the joint. Contrastingly, joints prepared with a Zr-Cu-Fe filler alloy showed excellent corrosion resistance comparable to that of the Zircaloy-4 base metal, since the Cu and Fe elements forming fine intermetallic particles with Zr did not influence the electrochemical stability of the resultant joints. The present results demonstrate that Fe is a more suitable alloying element than Al for brazing filler alloys subjected to high-temperature corrosive environments. - Highlights: •Corrosion of Zircaloy-4 joints brazed with Zr-Cu-X filler alloys was investigated. •Alloyed Al deteriorated the overall nobility of joints by microgalvanic reaction. •Compositional gradient of Al in joints was the driving force for galvanic corrosion. •Cu and Fe did not influence the electrochemical stability of joints. •Zr-Cu-Fe filler alloy yielded excellent high-temperature corrosion resistance.

Development of Zr alloys - Fabrication of Zr-Nb alloy used in PHWRs

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lee, Kang In; Kim, Won Baek; Choi, Guk Sun; Lee, Chul Kyung; Jang, Dae Kyu; Seo, Chang Yeol; Sim, Kun Joo; Lee, Jae Cheon [Korea Institute of Geology Mining and Materials, Taejon (Korea, Republic of)

1996-07-01

The manufacture of Zr-Nb alloy ingot by EB melting process is carried out to meet the chemical composition and mechanical and property specifications and to ensure that the ingots are free of unacceptable defects through this study. It was established that Zr-Nb alloy was made by EB melting technique including the control of adding elements, melting power and melting and cast device. 28 refs., 13 tabs., 26 figs., 23 ills. (author)

LCF behavior of Zr-4 alloy at elevated temperature

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ye Yuming; Cai Lixun

2006-01-01

A series of strain fatigue tests were carried out on small bugle-like slice-specimens of Zr-4 alloy at room temperature and 400 degree C. According to Elastic and Plastic Finite Element Analysis and assumption of local damage equivalence, a strain conversion equation was given to transform the transverse strain of the specimen to the axial strain. Based on the test results of the alloy and the strain conversion equation, fatigue life estimation equations of Zr-4alloy, or M-C (Manson-Coffin) models, were obtained. The results showed that, Zr-4 alloy had obvious cyclic hardening character during high amplitude strain at different temperatures, but showed reverse character during low amplitude strain. Elevated temperature lowered seriously the fatigue life of Zr-4 alloys, ann as the increasing of amplitude strain, temperature effect impaired gradually. Analysis showed that the prediction life by using M-C model based on the traditional strain conversion equation was quite conservative when axial strain amplitude was less than 5000 micro-strain. (authors)

Constitutive Model for Hot Deformation of the Cu-Zr-Ce Alloy

Science.gov (United States)

Zhang, Yi; Sun, Huili; Volinsky, Alex A.; Wang, Bingjie; Tian, Baohong; Liu, Yong; Song, Kexing

2018-02-01

Hot compressive deformation behavior of the Cu-Zr-Ce alloy has been investigated according to the hot deformation tests in the 550-900 °C temperature range and 0.001-10 s-1 strain rate range. Based on the true stress-true strain curves, the flow stress behavior of the Cu-Zr-Ce alloy was investigated. Microstructure evolution was observed by optical microscopy. Based on the experimental results, a constitutive equation, which reflects the relationships between the stress, strain, strain rate and temperature, has been established. Material constants n, α, Q and ln A were calculated as functions of strain. The equation predicting the flow stress combined with these materials constants has been proposed. The predicted stress is consistent with experimental stress, indicating that developed constitutive equation can adequately predict the flow stress of the Cu-Zr-Ce alloy. Dynamic recrystallization critical strain was determined using the work hardening rate method. According to the dynamic material model, the processing maps for the Cu-Zr and Cu-Zr-Ce alloy were obtained at 0.4 and 0.5 strain. Based on the processing maps and microstructure observations, the optimal processing parameters for the two alloys were determined, and it was found that the addition of Ce can promote the hot workability of the Cu-Zr alloy.

Study and simulations of quick diffusion in Zr-based alloys

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Corvalán, C., E-mail: corvalan@cnea.gov.ar [UNTREF (Universidad Nacional de Tres de Febrero), General Enrique Mosconi 2736, B1674AHF, Buenos Aires (Argentina); Gerencia de Materiales, CAC, Comisión de Energía Atómica, Av. del Libertador 8250, C1429BNP Buenos Aires (Argentina); Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (Argentina); Lucía, A. [UNTREF (Universidad Nacional de Tres de Febrero), General Enrique Mosconi 2736, B1674AHF, Buenos Aires (Argentina); Instituto Sabato, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Universidad Nacional de San Martín, Buenos Aires (Argentina); Iribarren, M. [Gerencia de Materiales, CAC, Comisión de Energía Atómica, Av. del Libertador 8250, C1429BNP Buenos Aires (Argentina); Instituto Sabato, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Universidad Nacional de San Martín, Buenos Aires (Argentina); Servant, C. [Laboratoire de Physicochimie de l' Etat Solide, UMR 8182, ICMMO, Université de Paris-Sud XI, 91405 Orsay Cedex (France); Costa e Silva, A. [Universidade Federal Fluminense, Volta Redonda, RJ (Brazil)

2015-11-15

Zirconium and its alloys are widely used in the nuclear industry. Under normal conditions, Zr-alloys are polycrystalline and contain a high density of grain and interphase boundaries. These boundaries function as paths for accelerated matter movement. The movement of fast diffusing elements (Co, Fe, Cr, Ni) in Zr alloys along boundaries produces technologically important changes in the materials in nuclear reactors at normal temperatures (∼550 K) e.g.: segregation, phase precipitation, hydrogen absorption, etc. In this work, diffusion parameters for fast diffusion in Zr at low temperature were assessed for Co and Cr. An improved database for DICTRA (DIffusion-Controlled-TRAnsformation) software for fast diffusion was obtained. The diffusion parameters in grain boundaries of α-Zr for Cr and Co were used from a particular kinetic diffusion model [1]. Simulated profiles were compared with previous experimental work [2]. The results of the comparison and the adequacy of the improved database are discussed. Diffusion profiles on grain boundaries in α-Zr for Cr and Co are presented in the temperature range of 380–460 K. - Highlights: • An improved database for fast diffusion paths was obtained. • The diffusion parameters in type C kinetic on fast paths in α-Zr for Cr and Co were used. • Simulated diffusion profiles were compared with previous experimental results. This comparison and the adequacy of the improved database are discussed. • Diffusion parameters for fast diffusion paths in Zr at low temperature were assessed for Co and Cr. • Diffusion profiles on grain boundaries in α-Zr for Cr and Co are presented in the temperature range of 380–460 K.

Study and simulations of quick diffusion in Zr-based alloys

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Corvalán, C.; Lucía, A.; Iribarren, M.; Servant, C.; Costa e Silva, A.

2015-01-01

Zirconium and its alloys are widely used in the nuclear industry. Under normal conditions, Zr-alloys are polycrystalline and contain a high density of grain and interphase boundaries. These boundaries function as paths for accelerated matter movement. The movement of fast diffusing elements (Co, Fe, Cr, Ni) in Zr alloys along boundaries produces technologically important changes in the materials in nuclear reactors at normal temperatures (∼550 K) e.g.: segregation, phase precipitation, hydrogen absorption, etc. In this work, diffusion parameters for fast diffusion in Zr at low temperature were assessed for Co and Cr. An improved database for DICTRA (DIffusion-Controlled-TRAnsformation) software for fast diffusion was obtained. The diffusion parameters in grain boundaries of α-Zr for Cr and Co were used from a particular kinetic diffusion model [1]. Simulated profiles were compared with previous experimental work [2]. The results of the comparison and the adequacy of the improved database are discussed. Diffusion profiles on grain boundaries in α-Zr for Cr and Co are presented in the temperature range of 380–460 K. - Highlights: • An improved database for fast diffusion paths was obtained. • The diffusion parameters in type C kinetic on fast paths in α-Zr for Cr and Co were used. • Simulated diffusion profiles were compared with previous experimental results. This comparison and the adequacy of the improved database are discussed. • Diffusion parameters for fast diffusion paths in Zr at low temperature were assessed for Co and Cr. • Diffusion profiles on grain boundaries in α-Zr for Cr and Co are presented in the temperature range of 380–460 K.

Nanotube morphology changes for Ti-Zr alloys as Zr content increases

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kim, Won-Gi; Choe, Han-Cheol; Ko, Yeong-Mu; Brantley, William A.

2009-01-01

Nanotube morphology changes in Ti-Zr alloys as Zr content increases have been investigated. Ti-Zr (10, 20, 30 and 40 wt.%) alloys were prepared by arc melting and heat treated for 24 h at 1000 o C in an argon atmosphere. TiO 2 nanotubes were formed on the Ti-Zr alloys by anodization in H 3 PO 4 containing 0.5 wt.% NaF. Electrochemical experiments were performed using a conventional three-electrode configuration with a platinum counter electrode and a saturated calomel reference electrode. Samples were embedded in epoxy resin, leaving an area of 10 mm 2 exposed to the electrolyte. Anodization was carried out using a scanning potentiostat, and all experiments were conducted at room temperature. Microstructures of the alloys were examined by optical microscopy (OM), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and x-ray diffraction (XRD). The Ti-Zr alloy microstructures observed by OM and FE-SEM changed from a lamellar structure to a needle-like structure with increasing Zr content. The microstructures also changed from β phase to increasing amounts of α phase as the Zr content increased. The number of large nanotubes formed by anodization decreased, and the number of small nanotubes increased, as the Zr content increased. The mean inner diameter ranged from approximately 150 to 200 nm with a tube-wall thickness of about 20 nm. The interspace between the nanotubes was approximately 60, 70, 100 and 130 nm for Zr contents of 10, 20, 30 and 40 wt.%, respectively.

Microstructural and mechanical characterization of biomedical Ti-Nb-Zr(-Ta) alloys

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Elias, L.M.; Schneider, S.G.; Schneider, S.; Silva, H.M.; Malvisi, F.

2006-01-01

In recent years there has been a significant development of novel implant alloys based on β-Ti such as Ti-Nb-Zr and Ti-Nb-Zr-Ta alloys systems. The purpose of this work is to provide characterization of Ti-35.3Nb-5.1Ta-7.1Zr and Ti-41.1Nb-7.1Zr alloys, in which Nb will substitute the atomic amount of Ta, with emphasis in the property-microstructure-composition relationships. These alloys are produced from commercially pure materials (Ti, Nb, Zr and Ta) by an arc melting method. All ingots were submitted to sequences of heat treatment (1000 deg. C/2 h - WQ), cold working by swaging procedures and other heat treatment (1000 deg. C/2 h - WQ). Specimens, in as cast and heat-treated condition, were examined by light and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). These results suggested the presence of β- and ω-phases. Mechanical properties were based on tensile and hardness tests. These alloys exhibit a lower modulus than that of conventional Ti alloys and the other mechanical properties are suitable for biomedical applications

Microstructure, mechanical property, corrosion behavior, and in vitro biocompatibility of Zr-Mo alloys.

Science.gov (United States)

Zhou, F Y; Wang, B L; Qiu, K J; Li, L; Lin, J P; Li, H F; Zheng, Y F

2013-02-01

In this study, the microstructure, mechanical properties, corrosion behaviors, and in vitro biocompatibility of Zr-Mo alloys as a function of Mo content after solution treatment were systemically investigated to assess their potential use in biomedical application. The experimental results indicated that Zr-1Mo alloy mainly consisted of an acicular structure of α' phase, while ω phase formed in Zr-3Mo alloy. In Zr-5Mo alloy, retained β phase and a small amount of precipitated α phase were observed. Only the retained β phase was obtained in Zr-10Mo alloy. Zr-1Mo alloy exhibited the greatest hardness, bending strength, and modulus among all experimental Zr-Mo alloys, while β phase Zr-10Mo alloy had a low modulus. The results of electrochemical corrosion indicated that adding Mo into Zr improved its corrosion resistance which resulted in increasing the thermodynamic stability and passivity of zirconium. The cytotoxicity test suggested that the extracts of the studied Zr-Mo alloys produced no significant deleterious effect to fibroblast cells (L-929) and osteoblast cells (MG 63), indicating an excellent in vitro biocompatibility. Based on these facts, certain Zr-Mo alloys potentially suitable for different biomedical applications were proposed. Copyright © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Enthalpy of mixing of liquid Ni-Zr and Cu-Ni-Zr alloys

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Witusiewicz, V.T.; Sommer, F.

2000-01-01

Since the Al-Cu-Ni-Zr system is a basis for the production of bulk amorphous materials by rapid solidification techniques from the liquid state, it is of great scientific interest to determine the partial and the integral thermodynamic functions of liquid and undercooled liquid alloys. Such data, as was pointed out previously, are important in order to understand their extremely good glass-forming ability in multicomponent metallic systems as well as for processing improvements. In order to measure the thermodynamic properties of the Al-Cu-Ni-Zr quaternary, it is necessary to have reliable thermochemical data for its constituent canaries and ternaries first. In a series of articles, the authors have reported in detail the thermodynamic properties of liquid Al-Cu, Al-Ni, Cu-Ni, Cu-Zr, Al-Zr, Al-Cu-Ni, and Al-Cu-Zr alloys. This article deals with the direct calorimetric measurements of the partial and the integral enthalpies of mixing of liquid Ni-Zr and Cu-Ni-Zr alloys and the heat capacity of liquid Ni 26 Zr 74 . In a subsequent article, the authors will present similar data for the liquid ternary Al-Ni-Zr and for the liquid quaternary Al-Cu-Ni-Zr alloys

Biological Properties of Ti-Nb-Zr-O Nanostructures Grown on Ti35Nb5Zr Alloy

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Zhaohui Li

2012-01-01

Full Text Available Surface modification of low modulus implant alloys with oxide nanostructures is one of the important ways to achieve favorable biological behaviors. In the present work, amorphous Ti-Nb-Zr-O nanostructures were grown on a peak-aged Ti35Nb5Zr alloy through anodization. Biological properties of the Ti-Nb-Zr-O nanostructures were investigated through in vitro bioactivity testings, stem cell interactions, and drug release experiments. The Ti-Nb-Zr-O nanostructures demonstrated a good capability of inducing apatite formation after immersion in simulated body fluids (SBFs. Drug delivery experiment based on gentamicin and the Ti-Nb-Zr-O nanostructures indicated that a high drug loading content could result in a prolonged release process and a higher quantity of drug residues in the oxide nanostructures after drug release. Quick stem cell adhesion and spreading, as well as fast formation of extracellular matrix materials on the surfaces of the Ti-Nb-Zr-O nanostructures, were found. These findings make it possible to further explore the biomedical applications of the Ti-Nb-Zr-O nanostructure modified alloys especially clinical operation of orthopaedics by utilizing the nanostructures-based drug-release system.

Microstructural investigation of as-cast uranium rich U–Zr alloys

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Zhang, Yuting, E-mail: zhangyuting@caep.cn [Science and Technology on Surface Physics and Chemistry Laboratory, Jiangyou 621908, Sichuan (China); School of Nuclear Science and Technology, National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230029, Anhui (China); Wang, Xin [Science and Technology on Surface Physics and Chemistry Laboratory, Jiangyou 621908, Sichuan (China); Zeng, Gang [Institute of Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Jiangyou 621908, Sichuan (China); Wang, Hui [Science and Technology on Surface Physics and Chemistry Laboratory, Jiangyou 621908, Sichuan (China); Jia, Jianping [Institute of Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Jiangyou 621908, Sichuan (China); Sheng, Liusi [School of Nuclear Science and Technology, National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230029, Anhui (China); Zhang, Pengcheng, E-mail: zpc113@sohu.com [Science and Technology on Surface Physics and Chemistry Laboratory, Jiangyou 621908, Sichuan (China)

2016-04-01

The present study evaluates the microstructure in as-cast uranium rich U–Zr alloys, an important subsystem of U–Pu–Zr ternary metallic nuclear reactor fuel, as a function of the Zr content, from 2wt.% to 15wt.%Zr. It has been previously suggested that the unique intermetallic compound δ phase in U–Zr alloys is only present in as-cast U–Zr alloys with a Zr content exceeding 10wt.%Zr. However, our analysis of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) data shows that the δ phase is common to all as-cast alloys studied in this work. Furthermore, specific coherent orientation relationship is found between the α and δ phases, consistent with previous findings, and a third variant is discovered in this paper. - Highlights: • Initially, lattice parameter of as-cast U–Zr alloys decrease with the increasing Zr content, and then increase. • XRD data show the presence of δ-UZr{sub 2} phase in as-cast U–Zr alloys with a Zr content of more than 8wt.% Zr. • Finding δ-UZr{sub 2} phase exists in all as-cast uranium rich U–Zr alloys, even for alloys with a lean Zr content. • Three kinds of preferential orientations of the δ phase grow.

Solubility and partitioning of hydrogen in meta-stable ZR-based alloys used in the nuclear industry

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Khatamian, D.

1998-11-01

Terminal solubility and partitioning of hydrogen in Zr-Nb alloys with different Nb concentrations were examined using differential scanning calorimetry and hot vacuum extraction mass spectrometry. Specimens were charged to different concentrations of hydrogen and annealed at 1123 K to generate a two-phase structure consisting of α-Zr (Zr-0.6 wt.% Nb) and meta-stable β-Zr (Zr-20 wt.% Nb) within the alloy. Specimens were aged at 673 and 773 K for up to 1000 h to evaluate the effect of the decomposition of the meta-stable β-Zr to α-Zr + β-Nb on the solubility limit. The results show that the solubility limit for hydrogen in the annealed Zr-Nb alloys is higher than in unalloyed Zr and that the solubility limit increases with the Nb concentration of the alloy. They also show that the hydrogen solubility limits of the completely aged Zr-Nb alloys are similar and approach the values for pure α-Zr. The solubility ratio of hydrogen in β-Zr (Zr-20 wt.% Nb) to that in α-Zr (Zr-0.6 wt.% Nb) was found to range from 9 to 7 within the temperature range of 520 to 580 K. (author)

Corrosion behavior in high-temperature pressurized water of Zircaloy-4 joints brazed with Zr-Cu-based amorphous filler alloys

Science.gov (United States)

Lee, Jung Gu; Lee, Gyoung-Ja; Park, Jin-Ju; Lee, Min-Ku

2017-05-01

The compositional effects of ternary Zr-Cu-X (X: Al, Fe) amorphous filler alloys on galvanic corrosion susceptibility in high-temperature pressurized water were investigated for Zircaloy-4 brazed joints. Through an Al-induced microgalvanic reaction that deteriorated the overall nobility of the joint, application of the Zr-Cu-Al filler alloy caused galvanic coupling to develop readily between the Al-bearing joint and the Al-free base metal, finally leading to massive localized corrosion of the joint. Contrastingly, joints prepared with a Zr-Cu-Fe filler alloy showed excellent corrosion resistance comparable to that of the Zircaloy-4 base metal, since the Cu and Fe elements forming fine intermetallic particles with Zr did not influence the electrochemical stability of the resultant joints. The present results demonstrate that Fe is a more suitable alloying element than Al for brazing filler alloys subjected to high-temperature corrosive environments.

Phase transformations on Zr-Nb alloys

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Doi, Sergio Norifumi

1980-01-01

This research intended the laboratory scale experimental development of Zr-Nb alloys with adequate characteristics for use as fuel element cladding or for the making of irradiation capsules. Zr-Nb alloys with different Nb contents were melted and the resulting material was characterised. The following metallurgical aspects were considered: preparation of Zr-Nb alloys with various Nb contents; heat and thermomechanical treatments; microstructural characterization; mechanical properties; oxidation properties. The influence of the heat treatment and thermomechanical treatment, on the out-of-pile mechanical and oxidation properties of the Zr-Nb alloys were studied. It was found that the alloy microhardness increases with the Nb content and/or with the thermomechanical treatment. Mechanical properties such as yield and ultimate tensile strength as well as elongation were determined by means of compression tests. The results showed that the alloy yield stress increases with the Nb content and with the thermomechanical treatment, while its elongation decreases. Thermogravimetric analysis determined the alloy oxidation kinetics, in the 400 - 800 deg C interval, at 1 atm. oxygen pressure. The results showed that the alloy oxidation rate increases with the temperature and Nb content. It was also observed that the oxidation rate increases considerably for temperatures higher than 600 deg C.(author)

Low in reactor creep Zr-base alloy tubes

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Cheadle, B.A.; Holt, R.A.

1984-01-01

This invention relates to zirconium alloy tubes especially for use in nuclear power reactors. More particularly it relates to quaternary 3.5 percent Sn, 1 percent Mo, 1 percent Nb, balance Zr alloy tubes which have been extruded, cold worked and heat treated to lower their dislocation density. In one embodiment the alloys are cold worked less than 5 percent and stress relieved to produce a low dislocation density and in another embodiment the alloys are cold worked up to about 50 percent and annealed to produce a very low dislocation density and also small equiaxed β grains

Zr-Sn-Nb alloys. Preliminary studies

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Danon, C.A.; Arias, D.E.

1993-01-01

Studies of the Zr-Sn-Nb diagram have been started, focussing on the Zr-rich corner, near the composition of Zirlo commercial alloy, Zr-1Sn-1Nb, and with Fe and O contents usual in nuclear grade materials. Three alloys were melted, namely Zr-4Sn-2.4Nb (A), Zr-1Sn-3Nb (B) and Zr-2.1Sn-1Nb (C). α/β transformation temperatures were measured through the variation of electrical resistivity(p) vs temperature (T). Values of 560 deg C, 670 deg C and 750 deg C were measured for the α→α+β reaction and 980 deg C, 910 deg C and 1000 deg C for the α+β→β reaction, for the A, B and C alloys, respectively in that order. Some samples were submitted to heat treatments (62 and 216 hours at 825 deg C, 120 hours at 875 deg C). Optical and scanning electronic microscopy of those samples confirmed our resistivity results. (Author)

Aqueous corrosion study on U-Zr alloy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Pal, Titas; Venkatesan, V.; Kumar, Pradeep; Khan, K.B.; Kumar, Arun

2009-01-01

In low power or research reactor, U-Zr alloy is a potential candidate for dispersion fuel. Moreover, Zirconium has a low thermal-neutron cross section and uranium alloyed with Zr has excellent corrosion resistance and dimensional stability during thermal cycling. In the present study aqueous corrosion behavior of U-Zr alloy samples was studied in autoclave at 200 deg C temperature. Corrosion rate was determined from weight loss with time. (author)

Zr inclusions in actinide—Zr alloys: New data and ideas about how they form

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Janney, Dawn E.; O'Holleran, Thomas P.

2015-01-01

High-Zr inclusions are common in actinide—Zr alloys despite phase diagrams indicating that these alloys should not contain a high-Zr phase. The inclusions may contain enough Zr to cause significant differences between bulk compositions and those of inclusion-free areas, leading to possible errors in interpreting data if the inclusions are not considered. This paper presents data from high-Zr inclusions in a complex U—Np—Pu—Am—Zr—RE alloy. It is suggested that the high-Zr inclusions nucleated as high-Zr solid solutions at interfaces with high-actinide RE liquids, then unmixed to form nanometer-scale high-actinide sub-inclusions.

Roles of texture of Zr alloys in ZrO{sub 2} film formation and δ-hydride orientation near ZrO{sub 2}/Zr interface

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Qin, W.; Szpunar, J.A., E-mail: weq565@mail.usask.ca, E-mail: jerzy.szpunar@usask.ca [Univ. of Saskatchewan, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, Saskatoon, SK (Canada); Kozinski, J., E-mail: janusz.kozinski@lassonde.yorku.ca [York Univ., Faculty of Science and Engineering, Toronto, ON (Canada)

2014-07-01

Oxidation and hydrogen embrittlement are related to formation of cracks and failure of Zr alloys used in nuclear reactor applications. An in-depth understanding of the formation of ZrO{sub 2} film and the hydride precipitation and orientation is important for improving the corrosion resistance of zirconium alloys. In this work a theoretical model is developed to analyze the microstructure of ZrO{sub 2} film formed on Zr alloys and the effect of stress that results from ZrO{sub 2} formation on hydride reorientation in the region near oxide/metal interface. Our work shows that the macroscopic stress produced due to Pilling-Bedworth ratio for ZrO{sub 2}/Zr could lead to the hydride re-orientation in the region near ZrO{sub 2}/Zr interface. Whether or not this effect can occur is dependent on the texture of the zirconium alloys. Control of texture of zirconium alloys can affect the microstructure of ZrO{sub 2} film and can be responsible for change of hydride orientation. (author)

Fabrication and nano-imprintabilities of Zr-, Pd- and Cu-based glassy alloy thin films

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Takenaka, Kana; Saidoh, Noriko; Nishiyama, Nobuyuki; Inoue, Akihisa

2011-01-01

With the aim of investigating nano-imprintability of glassy alloys in a film form, Zr 49 Al 11 Ni 8 Cu 32 , Pd 39 Cu 29 Ni 13 P 19 and Cu 38 Zr 47 Al 9 Ag 6 glassy alloy thin films were fabricated on Si substrate by a magnetron sputtering method. These films exhibit a very smooth surface, a distinct glass transition phenomenon and a large supercooled liquid region of about 80 K, which are suitable for imprinting materials. Moreover, thermal nano-imprintability of these obtained films is demonstrated by using a dot array mold with a dot diameter of 90 nm. Surface observations revealed that periodic nano-hole arrays with a hole diameter of 90 nm were successfully imprinted on the surface of these films. Among them, Pd-based glassy alloy thin film indicated more precise pattern imprintability, namely, flatter residual surface plane and sharper hole edge. It is said that these glassy alloy thin films, especially Pd-based glassy alloy thin film, are one of the promising materials for fabricating micro-machines and nano-devices by thermal imprinting.

Corrosion behavior of Zr-x(Nb, Sn and Cu) binary alloys

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kim, M. H.; Lee, M. H.; Park, S. Y.; Jung, Y. H.; We, M. Y.

1999-01-01

For the development of advanced zirconium alloys for nuclear fuel cladding, the corrosion behaviors of zirconium binary alloys were studied on the Zr-xNb, Zr-xSn, and Zr-xCu alloys. The corrosion test were performed in water at 360 deg C, steam at 400 deg C and LiOH at 360 deg C for 45 days. The corrosion behaviors of Zr-xNb was similar to that of Zr-xCu alloys. However, the corrosion behavior of Zr-xSn was different from Zr-xNb and Zr-xCu. The weight gain of Zr-xNb and Zr-xCu was increased with addition of alloying elements. When Sn is added to Zr matrix in range below the solubility limit, the corrosion resistance decrease with increasing Sn-content, while in the range over solubility limit, Sn has an adverse effect on the corrosion resistance. Especially, Zr-xSn alloys showed higher corrosion resistance than Zr-xNb and Zr-xCu alloys in LiOH solution

Determination of Nb and Zr in U-Nb-Zr alloys by ICP-AES

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wang Cuiping; Dong Shizhe; Li Lin; He Meiying

2003-01-01

The U-Nb-Zr alloy sample is dissolved by HNO 3 , H 2 O 2 and HF, and the contents of Nb and Zr in the sample are determined on the JY-70 II type ICP-AES by using the internal standard synchronous dilution method. The range of determination is 1%-10% and 0.33%-3.33%, respectively for Nb and Zr. The relative standard deviation is better than 3.2% for Nb, and 2.5% for Zr. The method is rapid and convenient for determining Nb and Zr in U-Nb-Zr alloy sample

Structure, mechanical properties, and grindability of dental Ti-Zr alloys.

Science.gov (United States)

Ho, Wen-Fu; Chen, Wei-Kai; Wu, Shih-Ching; Hsu, Hsueh-Chuan

2008-10-01

Structure, mechanical properties and grindability of a series of binary Ti-Zr alloys with zirconium contents ranging from 10 to 40 wt% have been investigated. Commercially pure titanium (c.p. Ti) was used as a control. Experimental results indicated that the diffraction peaks of all the Ti-Zr alloys matched those for alpha Ti. No beta-phase peaks were found. The hardness of the Ti-Zr alloys increased as the Zr contents increased, and ranged from 266 HV (Ti-10Zr) to 350 HV (Ti-40Zr). As the concentration of zirconium in the alloys increased, the strength, elastic recovery angles and hardness increased. Moreover, the elastically recoverable angle of Ti-40Zr was higher than of c.p. Ti by as much as 550%. The grindability of each metal was found to be largely dependent on the grinding conditions. The Ti-40Zr alloy had a higher grinding rate and grinding ratio than c.p. Ti at low speed. The grinding rate of the Ti-40Zr alloy at 500 m/min was about 1.8 times larger than that of c.p. Ti, and the grinding ratio was about 1.6 times larger than that of c.p. Ti. Our research suggested that the Ti-40Zr alloy has better mechanical properties, excellent elastic recovery capability and improved grindability at low grinding speed. The Ti-40Zr alloy has a great potential for use as a dental machining alloy.

Microstructure and mechanical properties of as-cast Zr-Nb alloys.

Science.gov (United States)

Kondo, Ryota; Nomura, Naoyuki; Suyalatu; Tsutsumi, Yusuke; Doi, Hisashi; Hanawa, Takao

2011-12-01

On the basis of the microstructures and mechanical properties of as-cast Zr-(0-24)Nb alloys the effects of phase constitution on the mechanical properties and magnetic susceptibility are discussed in order to develop Zr alloys for use in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The microstructures were evaluated using an X-ray diffractometer, an optical microscope, and a transmission electron microscope; the mechanical properties were evaluated by a tensile test. The α' phase was dominantly formed with less than 6 mass% Nb content. The ω phase was formed in Zr-(6-20)Nb alloys, but disappeared from Zr-22Nb. The β phase dominantly existed in Zr-(9-24)Nb alloys. The mechanical properties as well as the magnetic susceptibility of the Zr-Nb alloys varied depending on the phase constitution. The Zr-Nb alloys consisting of mainly α' phase showed high strength, moderate ductility, and a high Young's modulus, retaining low magnetic susceptibility. Zr-Nb alloys containing a larger volume of ω phase were found to be brittle and, thus, should be avoided, despite their low magnetic susceptibility. When the Zr-Nb alloys consisted primarily of β phase the effect of ω phase weakened the mechanical properties, thereby leading to an increase in ductility, even with an increase in magnetic susceptibility. The minimum value of Young's modulus was obtained for Zr-20Nb, because this composition was the phase boundary between the β and ω phases. However, the magnetic susceptibility of the alloy was half that of Ti-6Al-4V alloys. Zr-Nb alloys consisting of α' or β phase have excellent mechanical properties with low magnetic susceptibility and, thus, these alloys could be useful for medical devices used in MRI. Copyright © 2011 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Corrosion of clean Mg-Zr alloys in various basic media for waste encapsulation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lambertin, D.; Frizon, F.; Blachere, A.; Bart, F.

2012-01-01

The dismantling of UNGG nuclear reactor generates a large volume of fuel decladding. These materials are based on Mg-Zr alloy. The strategy could be to encapsulate these wastes into an ordinary Portland cement (OPC) or geo-polymer (aluminosilicate material) in a form suitable for storage. Studies have been performed on Mg or Mg-Al alloy in basic media but no data are available on Mg-Zr behaviour. The influence of representative pore solution of OPC and geo-polymer with Mg-Zr alloy has been studied on corrosion behaviour. Electrochemical methods have been used to determine the corrosion densities at room temperature. Results show that the corrosion densities of Mg-Zr alloy in OPC solution is one order of magnitude more important than in geo-polymer solution environment and effect of inhibiting agent has been undertaken with Mg-Zr alloy. The evaluation of encapsulation of Mg-Zr alloy in OPC and geo-polymer has been done in term of corrosion hydrogen production. (authors)

Mechanical properties, corrosion, and biocompatibility of Mg-Zr-Sr-Dy alloys for biodegradable implant applications.

Science.gov (United States)

Ding, Yunfei; Lin, Jixing; Wen, Cuie; Zhang, Dongmei; Li, Yuncang

2017-11-28

This study investigates the microstructure, mechanical properties, corrosion behavior, and biocompatibility of magnesium (Mg)-based Mg1Zr2SrxDy (x = 0, 1, 1.63, 2.08 wt %) alloys for biodegradable implant applications. The corrosion behavior of the Mg-based alloys has been evaluated in simulated body fluid using an electrochemical technique and hydrogen evolution. The biocompatibility of the Mg-based alloys has been assessed using SaSO2 cells. Results indicate that the addition of Dy to Mg-Zr-Sr alloy showed a positive impact on the corrosion behavior and significantly decreased the degradation rates of the alloys. The degradation rate of Mg1Zr2Sr1.0Dy decreased from 17.61 to 12.50 mm year -1 of Mg1Zr2Sr2.08Dy based on the hydrogen evolution. The ultimate compressive strength decreased from 270.90 MPa for Mg1Zr2Sr1Dy to 236.71 MPa for Mg1Zr2Sr2.08Dy. An increase in the addition of Dy to the Mg-based alloys resulted in an increase in the volume fraction of the Mg 2 Dy phase, which mitigated the galvanic effect between the Mg 17 Sr 2 phase and the Mg matrix, and led to an increase in the corrosion resistance of the base alloy. The biocompatibility of the Mg-based alloys was enhanced with decreasing corrosion rates. Mg1Zr2Sr2.08Dy exhibited the lowest corrosion rate and the highest biocompatibility compared with the other Mg-based alloys. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Microstructure and mechanical properties of Ti-Zr-Cr biomedical alloys.

Science.gov (United States)

Wang, Pan; Feng, Yan; Liu, Fengchao; Wu, Lihong; Guan, Shaokang

2015-06-01

The Ti-15Zr-xCr (0≤x≤10, wt.%) alloys were investigated to develop new biomedical materials. It was found that the phase constitutions and mechanical properties strongly depended on the Cr content. The Ti-15Zr alloy was comprised of α' phase and a small fraction of β phase was detected with adding 1wt.% Cr. With addition of 5wt.% or more, the β phase was completely retained. In addition, the ω phase was detected in the Ti-15Zr-5Cr alloy and Ti-15Zr-7Cr alloy which exhibited the highest compressive Young's modulus and the lowest ductility. On the other hand, all the Ti-15Zr-xCr alloys without ω phase exhibited high microhardness, high yield strength and superior ductility. Furthermore, the elastic energy of Ti-15Zr-10Cr alloy (5.89MJ/m(3)) with only β phase and that of Ti-15Zr-3Cr alloy (4.04MJ/m(3)) with α' phase and small fraction of β phase was higher than the elastic energy of c.p. Ti (1.25MJ/m(3)). This study demonstrated that Ti-15Zr-3Cr alloy and Ti-15Zr-10Cr alloy with superior mechanical properties are potential materials for biomedical applications. Copyright © 2015. Published by Elsevier B.V.

B2 intermetallic compounds of Zr. New class of the shape memory alloys

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Koval, Yu.N.; Delaey, L.; Jang, W.Y.

1995-01-01

It is known that the B2 equiatomic intermetallic compounds of Zr (ZrCo-based) undergo a martensitic transformation (MT) with wide temperature hysteresis. It was found that the MT is accompanied by the perfect shape memory effect (SME) for ZrCu and ZrRh. In this report we represent the results of structural analysis, electrical resistivity, calorimetric and SME measurements for ZrCu- and ZrCo-based compounds. Interrelation between structural, thermodynamical parameters of MT and SME in this alloys will be described. The shape memory aspects of this potential alloys for the application at high temperatures will be discussed. (orig.)

Corrosion resistance of amorphous NiCrZr and NiCrMoZr alloys

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Naka, M.; Miyake, M.; Okamoto, I.

1987-01-01

One of the authors has reported that the corrosion resistance of chromium containing amorphous alloys is extremely improved by alloying phosphorus among metalloids. Two factors operate for the improvement of corrosion resistance of the amorphous alloys. First, phosphorus serves for the rapid formation of protective passive film. Second, the compositional and structural homogeneity in amorphous state also account for the formation of protective film. The latter factor has been clearly seen in the high corrosion resistance of CoCrMoZr and CoCrWZr alloys without metalloids. In order to clarify the separately two factors in the corrosion resistance of amorphous alloys, the corrosion resistance of amorphous alloys without metalloids has to be further investigated. This paper also deals with the corrosion resistance and electrochemical behavior of NiCrZr and NiCrMoZr alloys in 1N HCl, and compare them with the corrosion behavior of the crystalline alloys containing the same composition as that of the amorphous alloys

Laser and electron beam welding study on niobium based Nb-1Zr-0.1C alloy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Badgujar, B.P.; Kushwaha, R.P.; Tewari, R.; Dey, G.K.

2016-01-01

The refractory metal based alloys are most suitable for the structural applications in high temperature reactors envisaged to operate at temperature higher than 1000°C. The Nb-1Zr-0.1C (wt. %) is being considered for structural applications in the proposed Compact High Temperature Reactors (CHTR). The welding of this alloy is a difficult task due to its reactive nature and higher thermal conductivity. Laser and Electron Beam (EB) welds were produced on sheet of Nb-1Zr-0.1C alloy at various processing parameters and their effects on weld quality was studied by characterizing their optical and SEM micrographs and microhardness profile. The joining efficiency of both welding processes were also studied. The laser welds done in air with argon shielding showed higher hardness values compared to EB welds indicating need for adequate shielding. This study will help to find the optimized welding parameters to produce defect free welds of Nb-1Zr-0.1C alloy. (author)

Effects of molybdenum content on the structure and mechanical properties of as-cast Ti-10Zr-based alloys for biomedical applications

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ho, Wen-Fu, E-mail: fujiiwfho@yahoo.com.tw [Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Da-Yeh University, Changhua, Taiwan (China); Wu, Shih-Ching; Hsu, Shih-Kuang [Department of Dental Technology and Materials Science, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taiwan (China); Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Materials Science, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taiwan (China); Li, Yu-Chi [Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Da-Yeh University, Changhua, Taiwan (China); Hsu, Hsueh-Chuan, E-mail: hchsu@ctust.edu.tw [Department of Dental Technology and Materials Science, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taiwan (China); Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Materials Science, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taiwan (China)

2012-04-01

The effects of molybdenum on the structure and mechanical properties of a Ti-10Zr-based system were studied with an emphasis on improving the strength/modulus ratio. Commercially pure titanium (c.p. Ti) was used as a control. As-cast Ti-10Zr and a series of Ti-10Zr-xMo (x = 1, 3, 5, 7.5, 10, 12.5, 15, 17.5 and 20 wt.%) alloys prepared using a commercial arc-melting vacuum pressure casting system were investigated. X-ray diffraction (XRD) for phase analysis was conducted with a diffractometer. Three-point bending tests were performed to evaluate the mechanical properties of all specimens. The experimental results indicated that these alloys had different structures and mechanical properties when various amounts of Mo were added. The as-cast Ti-10Zr has a hexagonal {alpha} Prime phase, and when 1 wt.% Mo was introduced into the Ti-10Zr alloy, the structure remained essentially unchanged. However, with 3 or 5 wt.%, the martensitic {alpha} Double-Prime structure was found. When increased to 7.5 wt.% or greater, retention of the metastable {beta} phase began. The {omega} phase was observed only in the Ti-10Zr-7.5Mo alloy. Among all Ti-10Zr-xMo alloys, the {alpha} Double-Prime -phase Ti-10Zr-5Mo alloy had the lowest elastic modulus. It is noteworthy that all the Ti-10Zr and Ti-10Zr-xMo alloys had good ductility. In addition, the Ti-10Zr-5Mo and Ti-10Zr-12.5Mo alloys exhibited higher bending strength/modulus ratios at 20.1 and 20.4, respectively. Furthermore, the elastically recoverable angles of these two alloys (26.4 Degree-Sign and 24.6 Degree-Sign , respectively) were much greater than those of c.p. Ti (2.7 Degree-Sign ). Given the importance of these properties for implant materials, the low modulus, excellent elastic recovery capability and high strength/modulus ratio of {alpha} Double-Prime phase Ti-10Zr-5Mo and {beta} phase Ti-10Zr-12.5Mo alloys appear to make them promising candidates. - Highlights: Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer The effects of Mo on the structure

Nano ZrO{sub 2} particles in nanocrystalline Fe–14Cr–1.5Zr alloy powders

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Xu, W.Z.; Li, L.L.; Saber, M.; Koch, C.C.; Zhu, Y.T., E-mail: ytzhu@ncsu.edu; Scattergood, R.O.

2014-09-15

Here we report on the formation of nano ZrO{sub 2} particles in Fe–14Cr–1.5Zr alloy powders synthesized by mechanical alloying. The nano ZrO{sub 2} particles were found uniformly dispersed in the ferritic matrix powders with an average size of about 3.7 nm, which rendered the alloy powders so stable that it retained nanocrystalline structure after annealing at 900 °C for 1 h. The ZrO{sub 2} nanoparticles have a tetragonal crystal structure and the following orientation relationship with the matrix: (0 0 2){sub ZrO2}//(0 0 2){sub Matrix} and [0 1 0]{sub ZrO2}//[1 2 0]{sub Matrix}. The size and dispersion of the ZrO{sub 2} particles are comparable to those of Y–Ti–O enriched oxides reported in irradiation-resistant ODS alloys. This suggests a potential application of the new alloy powders for nuclear energy applications.

Local atomic structure of Zr-Cu and Zr-Cu-Al amorphous alloys investigated by EXAFS method

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Antonowicz, J.; Pietnoczka, A.; Zalewski, W.; Bacewicz, R.; Stoica, M.; Georgarakis, K.; Yavari, A.R.

2011-01-01

Research highlights: → Coordination number, interatomic distances and mean square atomic displacement in Zr-Cu and Zr-Cu-Al glasses. → Icosahedral symmetry in local atomic structure. → Deviation from random mixing behavior resulting from Al addition. - Abstract: We report on extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) study of rapidly quenched Zr-Cu and Zr-Cu-Al glassy alloys. The local atomic order around Zr and Cu atoms was investigated. From the EXAFS data fitting the values of coordination number, interatomic distances and mean square atomic displacement were obtained for wide range of compositions. It was found that icosahedral symmetry rather than that of corresponding crystalline analogs dominates in the local atomic structure of Zr-Cu and Zr-Cu-Al amorphous alloys. Judging from bonding preferences we conclude that addition of Al as an alloying element results in considerable deviation from random mixing behavior observed in binary Zr-Cu alloys.

Time-temperature-transformation diagram of Zr-based Zr-Al-Cu-Ni metallic glasses

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Goh, T.T.; Li, Y.; Ng, S.C.

1996-01-01

The critical cooling rates R c for glass formation in four Zr-based Zr-Al-Cu-Ni alloys were determined using techniques developed by Uhlmann based on theories of homogeneous nucleation, crystal growth and transformation kinetics. It involves the construction of a time-temperature-transformation curve which requires the knowledge of the viscosity-temperature curve of the alloys. Two types of viscosity-temperature expressions, namely Andrade expression and Doolittle expression, were used to model the viscosity of the Zr-based alloys and the choice of the viscosity-temperature expression which gives the best estimate of the calculated time-temperature-transformation curve is discussed. (author)

Oxidation kinetics of amorphous AlxZr1−x alloys

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Weller, K.; Wang, Z.M.; Jeurgens, L.P.H.; Mittemeijer, E.J.

2016-01-01

The oxidation kinetics of amorphous Al x Zr 1−x alloys (solid solution) has been studied as function of the alloy composition (0.26 ≤ x ≤ 0.68) and the oxidation temperature (350 °C ≤ T ≤ 400 °C; at constant pO 2  = 1 × 10 5  Pa) by a combinatorial approach using spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE), Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) depth profiling, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. Thermal oxidation of the am-Al x Zr 1−x alloys results in the formation of an amorphous oxide overgrowth with a thermodynamically preferred singular composition, corresponding to a constant Al ox /Zr ox ratio of 0.5. Both the solubility and the diffusivity of oxygen in the am-Al x Zr 1−x alloy substrate increase considerably with increasing Zr content, in particular for Zr contents above 49 at.% Zr. Strikingly, the oxidation kinetics exhibit a transition from parabolic oxide growth kinetics for Al-rich am-Al x Zr 1−x alloys (x ≥ 0.51) to linear oxide growth kinetics for Zr-rich am-Al x Zr 1−x alloys (x < 0.35). The underlying oxidation mechanism is discussed. It is concluded that the oxidation kinetics of the amorphous Al x Zr 1−x alloys for 0.26 ≤ x ≤ 0.68 and 350 °C ≤ T ≤ 400 °C are governed by: (i) the atomic mobilities of O and Al in the alloy substrate at the reacting oxide/alloy interface, (ii) the solubility of O in the substrate and (iii) the compositional constraint due to the thermodynamically preferred formation of an amorphous oxide phase of singular composition.

Laser cladding of Zr-based coating on AZ91D magnesium alloy for ...

Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

based coating made of Zr powder was fabricated on AZ91D magnesium alloy by laser cladding. The microstructure of the coating was characterized by XRD, SEM and TEM techniques. The wear resistance of the coating was evaluated under dry ...

Effect of alloying on elastic properties of ZrN based transition metal nitride alloys

KAUST Repository

Kanoun, Mohammed; Goumri-Said, Souraya

2014-01-01

We report the effect of composition and metal sublattice substitutional element on the structural, elastic and electronic properties of ternary transition metal nitrides Zr1-xMxN with M=Al, Ti, Hf, V, Nb, W and Mo. The analysis of the elastic constants, bulk modulus, shear modulus, Young's modulus, and Poisson's ratio provides insights regarding the mechanical behavior of Zr1-xMxN. We predict that ternary alloys are more ductile compared to their parent binary compounds. The revealed trend in the mechanical behavior might help for experimentalists on the ability of tuning the mechanical properties during the alloying process by varying the concentration of the transition metal. © 2014 Elsevier B.V.

Effect of alloying on elastic properties of ZrN based transition metal nitride alloys

KAUST Repository

Kanoun, Mohammed

2014-09-01

We report the effect of composition and metal sublattice substitutional element on the structural, elastic and electronic properties of ternary transition metal nitrides Zr1-xMxN with M=Al, Ti, Hf, V, Nb, W and Mo. The analysis of the elastic constants, bulk modulus, shear modulus, Young\\'s modulus, and Poisson\\'s ratio provides insights regarding the mechanical behavior of Zr1-xMxN. We predict that ternary alloys are more ductile compared to their parent binary compounds. The revealed trend in the mechanical behavior might help for experimentalists on the ability of tuning the mechanical properties during the alloying process by varying the concentration of the transition metal. © 2014 Elsevier B.V.

Corrosion Behavior and Oxide Properties of Zr-Nb-Cu and Zr-Nb-Sn Alloy in High Dissolved Hydrogen Primary Water Chemistry

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lee, Yun Ju; Kim, Tae Ho; Kim, Ji Hyun [UNIST, Ulsan (Korea, Republic of)

2016-05-15

The water-metal interface is regarded as rate-controlling site governing the rapid oxidation transition in high burn-up fuel. And the zirconium oxide is made in water-metal interface and its structure and phase do an important role in terms of oxide properties. During oxidation process, the protective tetragonal oxide layer develops at the interface due to accumulated high stress during oxide growth, and it turns into non-protective monoclinic oxide with increasing oxide thickness, thus decreasing the stress. It has been reported that Nb addition was proven to be very beneficial for increasing the corrosion resistance of the zirconium alloys. From a more recent study, Cu addition in Nb containing Zirconium alloy was reported to be effective for increasing corrosion resistance in water containing B and Li. According to the previous research conducted, Zr-Nb-Cu shows better corrosion resistance than Zircaloy-4. The dissolved hydrogen (DH) concentration is the key issue of primary water chemistry, and the effect of DH concentration on the corrosion rate of nickel based alloy has been researched. However, the effect of DH on the zirconium alloy corrosion mechanism was not fully investigated. In this study, the weight gain measurement, FIB-SEM analysis, and Raman spectroscopic measurement were conducted to investigate the effects of dissolved hydrogen concentration and the chemical composition on the corrosion resistance and oxide phase of Zr-Nb-Cu alloy and Zr-Nb-Sn alloy after oxidizing in a primary water environment for 20 d. The corrosion rate of Zr-Nb-Cu alloy is slow, when it is compared to Zr-Nb-Sn alloy. In SEM images, the oxide thickness of Zr-Nb-Cu alloy is measured to be around 1.06 μm it of Zr-Nb-Sn alloy is measured to be 1.15 μm. It is because of the Segregation made by Sn solute element when Sn solute element oxidized. And according to ex situ Raman spectra, Zr-Nb-Cu alloy oxide has more tetragonal zirconium oxide fraction than Zr-Nb-Sn alloy oxide.

Influence of microstructure on the accelerated corrosion in Zr-Nb alloys

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Muller, S; Lanzani, L

2012-01-01

The influence of microstructure on the accelerated corrosion of Zr-1%Nb and Zr-2.5%Nb (CANDU's pressure tube material) has been studied. The behavior of Zircaloy-4 was also studied in order to compare the Zr-Nb alloys with an alloy that does not have niobium as an alloying element. The corrosion tests were carried out in LiOH 0.1M at 340 o C, in LiOH 1M at the same temperature and in steam at 400 o C. The results showed that the behavior of Zr-Nb alloys in steam at 400 o C is similar to that of Zircaloy-4 in this medium. However, Zr-Nb alloys are more sensitive than Zircaloy-4 to the presence of LiOH. The results suggest that the niobium concentration in the matrix is the parameter that defines the oxidation rate in Zr-Nb alloys, while the presence of second phases in these alloys (β--Zr/β-Nb/Zr-Nb-Fe) could be related with the growth of non-protective oxides in LiOH solutions. In LiOH 1M, the corrosion resistance of Zr-Nb alloys is similar to that of Zircaloy-4, except for the Zr-1Nb martensitic material which showed a sharp increase in the oxidation rate in this medium (author)

Physical properties of molten core materials: Zr-Ni and Zr-Cr alloys measured by electrostatic levitation

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ohishi, Yuji, E-mail: ohishi@see.eng.osaka-u.ac.jp [Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University (Japan); Kondo, Toshiki [Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University (Japan); Ishikawa, Takehiko [Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (Japan); SOKEN-DAI (Graduate University for Advanced Studies) (Japan); Okada, Junpei T. [Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University (Japan); Watanabe, Yuki [Advanced Engineering Services Co. Ltd. (Japan); Muta, Hiroaki; Kurosaki, Ken [Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University (Japan); Yamanaka, Shinsuke [Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University (Japan); Research Institute of Nuclear Engineering, University of Fukui (Japan)

2017-03-15

It is important to understand the behaviors of molten core materials to investigate the progression of a core meltdown accident. In the early stages of bundle degradation, low-melting-temperature liquid phases are expected to form via the eutectic reaction between Zircaloy and stainless steel. The main component of Zircaloy is Zr and those of stainless steel are Fe, Ni, and Cr. Our group has previously reported physical property data such as viscosity, density, and surface tension for Zr-Fe liquid alloys using an electrostatic levitation technique. In this study, we report the viscosity, density, and surface tension of Zr-Ni and Zr-Cr liquid alloys (Zr{sub 1-x}Ni{sub x} (x = 0.12 and 0.24) and Zr{sub 0.77}Cr{sub 0.23}) using the electrostatic levitation technique. - Highlights: • The physical properties of Zr-Ni and Zr-Cr liquid alloys have been measured Zr{sub 1-x}Ni{sub x} (x = 0.12 and 0.24) and Zr{sub 77}Cr{sub 23}. • The measurement was conducted using the electrostatic levitation technique. • The density, viscosity, and surface tension of each liquid alloy were measured.

Physical properties of molten core materials: Zr-Ni and Zr-Cr alloys measured by electrostatic levitation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ohishi, Yuji; Kondo, Toshiki; Ishikawa, Takehiko; Okada, Junpei T.; Watanabe, Yuki; Muta, Hiroaki; Kurosaki, Ken; Yamanaka, Shinsuke

2017-01-01

It is important to understand the behaviors of molten core materials to investigate the progression of a core meltdown accident. In the early stages of bundle degradation, low-melting-temperature liquid phases are expected to form via the eutectic reaction between Zircaloy and stainless steel. The main component of Zircaloy is Zr and those of stainless steel are Fe, Ni, and Cr. Our group has previously reported physical property data such as viscosity, density, and surface tension for Zr-Fe liquid alloys using an electrostatic levitation technique. In this study, we report the viscosity, density, and surface tension of Zr-Ni and Zr-Cr liquid alloys (Zr 1-x Ni x (x = 0.12 and 0.24) and Zr 0.77 Cr 0.23 ) using the electrostatic levitation technique. - Highlights: • The physical properties of Zr-Ni and Zr-Cr liquid alloys have been measured Zr 1-x Ni x (x = 0.12 and 0.24) and Zr 77 Cr 23 . • The measurement was conducted using the electrostatic levitation technique. • The density, viscosity, and surface tension of each liquid alloy were measured.

Method of treating Ti--Nb--Zr--Ta superconducting alloys

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Horiuchi, T.; Monju, Y.; Tatara, I.; Nagai, N.; Hisata, M.; Matsumoto, K.

1975-01-01

A superconducting alloy is formulated from 10 to 50 at. percent Ti, 20 to 50 at. percent Nb, 10 to 40 at. percent Zr, and 5 to 12 at. percent Ta. A Ti--Nb--Zr--Ta superconducting alloy with a fine, non-homogeneous structure is obtained by forming a β solid solution of Ti--Nb--Zr--Ta alloy by heating to a temperature within the β solid solution range, cooling, and then cold working the heated alloy. The cold worked alloy is heated to a temperature within the (β' + β'') alloy to maintain the peritectoid structure, cold worked, then heated to a temperature within the eutectoid range to form a multiphase alloy structure and then cooled and finally cold worked. (U.S.)

Microstructural and thermodynamic evaluation of as-cast U-rich U-Zr alloys

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Basak, Chandrabhanu; Prasad, G.J.; Kamath, H.S.

2009-01-01

The present study involves evaluation of microstructures and some basic properties of as-cast uranium rich U-Zr alloys; i.e. uranium alloys containing 2wt%, 5wt%, 7wt% and 10 wt% zirconium. Microstructural evaluation, both optical and SEM, with hardness values are reported. It was shown that a definite correlation exists between the microstructure and the hardness of the alloy. Lattice parameter and densities are determined with the help of XRD analysis. Also the phase transformation mechanism is proposed based on the microstructures and XRD analysis. Thermodynamic analysis coupled with the experimental observation reveals that the lamellar structure found in the as-cast U-rich U-Zr alloys originates from the monotectoid reaction (γ→β + γ'). As Zr concentration increases in the alloy the gamma phase can remain in the metastable state even at lower T. So, with increasing Zr content the monotectoid reaction takes place at lower temperature causing generation of finer lamellae. (author)

Effect of nitrogen addition on superelasticity of Ti-Zr-Nb alloys

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Tahara, Masaki; Kim, Hee Young; Miyazaki, Shuichi; Inamura, Tomonari; Hosoda, Hideki

2008-01-01

Recently, the Ti-Zr-Nb alloys have been developed as Ni-free shape memory and superelastic alloys. In this study, the effect of Nb and nitrogen (N) contents on martensitic transformation behavior, shape memory effect and superelasticity in Ti-18Zr-(12-16)Nb-(0-1.0)N (at%) alloys were investigated using tensile tests, optical microscopy and X-ray diffraction. Shape memory effect was observed in Ti-18Zr-(12-13)Nb and Ti-18Zr-12Nb-0.5N alloys at room temperature. The superelastic behavior appeared by the increase of Nb or N content. The Ti-18Zr-(14-15)Nb, Ti-18Zr-(13-14)Nb-0.5N and Ti-18Zr-(12-14)Nb-1.0N alloys exhibited the superelasticity at room temperature. The martensitic transformation start temperature (M s ) decreased by 75 K with 1 at% increase of N content for Ti-18Zr-13Nb alloy. The critical stress for slip deformation and the stress for inducing the martensitic transformation increased with increasing N content. The superelastic recovery strain was also increased by adding N. The maximum recovery strain of 5.0% was obtained in the Ti-18Zr-14Nb-0.5N alloy. (author)

Micro-arc oxidation of Ti-15Zr-based alloys for osseointegrative implants

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Correa, Diego Rafael Nespeque; Rocha, Luis Augusto; Doi, Hisashi; Tsutsumi, Yusuke; Hanawa, Takao

2016-01-01

Full text: Micro-arc oxidation (MAO) is well-known as low-cost coating technique which can produce porous structure in valve metals [1]. Studies have indicated that MAOcoatings are suitable for improve biofunctionalization of Ti-based implants by bioactive ions incorporation in the oxide layer [2]. This work aims to evaluate the characteristics of the MAO-coating in recent developed biomedical Ti-15Zr-based alloys in order to use as osseointegrative implants. Ti-15Zr-xMo (x = 0, 5, 10 and 15 % wt.) alloys were produced by argon arc-melting and molded in a centrifugal casting machine. MAO treatment were performed in disks (ϕ 8 mm x 1.5 mm), at room temperature, with a 304 stainless steel plate as counter electrode. Electrolyte was composed by 0.15 M calcium acetate and 0.10 M calcium glycerophosphate. The electrodes were connected to a DC power supply, and applied a density current of 311 A/m 2 , for 10 min, with voltages of 300, 350 and 400 V. Morphology, thickness, composition and crystal structure of the oxide layer were evaluated by SEM, XRF and XRD techniques. A typical porous layer was produced in all surfaces, being the porosity, porous size and thickness increased with the voltage. The composition of the oxide layer indicated Ca and P incorporation, being the concentration increased with the voltage applied. The XRD patterns do not exhibited peaks from oxides compounds, but only peaks from bulk-Ti phases. The results showed that the bioactive coatings were successfully growth in the Ti-15Zr-based alloys, being suitable for osseointegrative implants. References: [1] Hanawa, T. Japanese dental Science Review 46, 93-101, 2010; [2] Tsutsumi, Y. et al. Metals 6, 76-85, 2016. (author)

Micro-arc oxidation of Ti-15Zr-based alloys for osseointegrative implants

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Correa, Diego Rafael Nespeque; Rocha, Luis Augusto [Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP), Bauru, SP (Brazil); Doi, Hisashi; Tsutsumi, Yusuke; Hanawa, Takao [Tokyo Medical and Dental University (Japan)

2016-07-01

Full text: Micro-arc oxidation (MAO) is well-known as low-cost coating technique which can produce porous structure in valve metals [1]. Studies have indicated that MAOcoatings are suitable for improve biofunctionalization of Ti-based implants by bioactive ions incorporation in the oxide layer [2]. This work aims to evaluate the characteristics of the MAO-coating in recent developed biomedical Ti-15Zr-based alloys in order to use as osseointegrative implants. Ti-15Zr-xMo (x = 0, 5, 10 and 15 % wt.) alloys were produced by argon arc-melting and molded in a centrifugal casting machine. MAO treatment were performed in disks (ϕ 8 mm x 1.5 mm), at room temperature, with a 304 stainless steel plate as counter electrode. Electrolyte was composed by 0.15 M calcium acetate and 0.10 M calcium glycerophosphate. The electrodes were connected to a DC power supply, and applied a density current of 311 A/m{sup 2}, for 10 min, with voltages of 300, 350 and 400 V. Morphology, thickness, composition and crystal structure of the oxide layer were evaluated by SEM, XRF and XRD techniques. A typical porous layer was produced in all surfaces, being the porosity, porous size and thickness increased with the voltage. The composition of the oxide layer indicated Ca and P incorporation, being the concentration increased with the voltage applied. The XRD patterns do not exhibited peaks from oxides compounds, but only peaks from bulk-Ti phases. The results showed that the bioactive coatings were successfully growth in the Ti-15Zr-based alloys, being suitable for osseointegrative implants. References: [1] Hanawa, T. Japanese dental Science Review 46, 93-101, 2010; [2] Tsutsumi, Y. et al. Metals 6, 76-85, 2016. (author)

Laser cladding of Zr-based coating on AZ91D magnesium alloy for ...

Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

3Hubei Key Laboratory of Hydroelectric Machinery Design & Maintenance, ... To improve the wear and corrosion resistance of AZ91D magnesium alloy, Zr-based coating made of ... process that lead to inflammatory cascades which reduce bio- ... tions regarding their application as protective films on load- ... Experimental.

Extraordinary high strength Ti-Zr-Ta alloys through nanoscaled, dual-cubic spinodal reinforcement.

Science.gov (United States)

Biesiekierski, Arne; Ping, Dehai; Li, Yuncang; Lin, Jixing; Munir, Khurram S; Yamabe-Mitarai, Yoko; Wen, Cuie

2017-04-15

While titanium alloys represent the current state-of-the-art for orthopedic biomaterials, concerns still remain over their modulus. Circumventing this via increased porosity requires high elastic admissible strains, yet also limits traditional thermomechanical strengthening techniques. To this end, a novel β-type Ti-Zr-Ta alloy system, comprised of Ti-45Zr-10Ta, Ti-40Zr-14Ta, Ti-35Zr-18Ta and Ti-30Zr-22Ta, was designed and characterized mechanically and microstructurally. As-cast, this system displayed extremely high yield strengths and elastic admissible strains, up to 1.4GPa and potentially 1.48%, respectively. This strength was attributed to a nanoscaled, cuboidal structure of semi-coherent, dual body-centered cubic (BCC) phases, arising from the thermodynamics of interaction between Ta and Zr; this morphology occurring with dual BCC-phases is heretofore unreported in Ti-based alloys. Further, cell proliferation investigated by MTS assay suggests this was achieved without sacrificing biocompatibility, with no significant difference to either empty-well or commercially-pure Ti controls noted. The current research details microstructural, mechanical, and biological investigations into four novel biomedical alloys in a hitherto uninvestigated region of the Ti-Zr-Ta alloy system; Ti-45Zr-10Ta, Ti-40Zr-14Ta, Ti-35Zr-18Ta and Ti-30Zr-22Ta. We find that the investigated alloys display 0.2% yield strengths of up to 1.40GPa and elastic admissible strains of up to 1.48%, along with biological properties comparable to that seen in the conventional metallic biomaterial ASTM Grade-2 CP-Ti, achieved in the complete absence of traditional thermomechanical processing techniques. This is attributed to the presence of a dual-BCC cuboidal nanostructure, achieved via spinodal decomposition; while similar structures have been reported in e.g. Ni-based superalloys, we believe this is the first such structure investigated in a Ti-based material. As such, this work is felt to be of

The effect of Zr content on the microstructure, mechanical properties and cell attachment of Ti-35Nb-xZr alloys

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ning Congqin; Zhai Wanyin; Chen Lei; Ding Dongyan; Dai Kerong

2010-01-01

β-type low elastic modulus alloys of the Ti-Nb-Zr system have recently attracted much attention for both orthopedic and dental applications. In the present study, meta-stable β alloys of Ti-35Nb-xZr with different Zr contents were developed. The effect of Zr content on the microstructure, mechanical properties and cell attachment was investigated. It was found that the addition of Zr improved the tensile strength and elongation of Ti-35Nb-xZr alloys, and simultaneously reduced the elastic modulus. Moreover, the Zr element helped to stabilize the β phase. Cell culture work indicated that the addition of Zr enhanced the attachment and spreading of bone marrow stem cells. Cell attachment and spreading on the surface of titanium alloys were dominated not only by the wettability but also by the inherent biocompatibility of alloying elements. The peak-aged alloy with 5 wt% Zr had a highest tensile strength of 874 MPa, while its elastic modulus was only 65 GPa, presenting a much higher strength/modulus ratio than Ti-6Al-4V. The Ti-35Nb-5Zr alloy exhibited a great potential for orthopedic and dental applications.

Mechanism-based modeling of solute strengthening: application to thermal creep in Zr alloy

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Tome, Carlos [Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States); Wen, Wei [Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States); Capolungo, Laurent [Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)

2017-08-01

This report focuses on the development of a physics-based thermal creep model aiming to predict the behavior of Zr alloy under reactor accident condition. The current models used for this kind of simulations are mostly empirical in nature, based generally on fits to the experimental steady-state creep rates under different temperature and stress conditions, which has the following limitations. First, reactor accident conditions, such as RIA and LOCA, usually take place in short times and involve only the primary, not the steady-state creep behavior stage. Moreover, the empirical models cannot cover the conditions from normal operation to accident environments. For example, Kombaiah and Murty [1,2] recently reported a transition between the low (n~4) and high (n~9) power law creep regimes in Zr alloys depending on the applied stress. Capturing such a behavior requires an accurate description of the mechanisms involved in the process. Therefore, a mechanism-based model that accounts for the evolution with time of microstructure is more appropriate and reliable for this kind of simulation.

Microstructural studies of suck cast (Zr-SS)-3 and 5 AI alloys for nuclear metallic waste form

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kumar, P.; Das, N.; Sengupta, P.; Arya, A.; Dey, G.K.

2015-01-01

Management of radioactive metallic waste using 'alloy melting route' is currently being investigated. For disposal of Zr and SS base nuclear metallic wastes, Zr-stainless steel (SS) hybrid alloys are being considered as baseline alloys for developing metallic-waste-form (MWF) alloys. In this context Zr-16 wt. %55 has been selected for MWF alloy in our previous study. In present study, to include amorphous phase in this alloy, 3 and 5 wt. % Al has been added in order to improve desirable properties and useful features of MWF and the two alloys have been prepared by suck casting techniques. Microstructure of these alloys have been investigated by optical and electron microscopy which shows occurrence of two different phases, e.g. dark grey and white phases, in (Zr-16 SS)-3 Al and three different phases, e.g. grey, dark grey and white phases in (Zr-16 SS)-5 AI. Electron diffraction and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses of these two alloy specimens revealed the occurrence of Zr (Fe, Cr, AI) (dark grey) and Zr 2 (Fe, Cr, AI) (white) phases in (Zr-16 SS)-3 Al whereas, Zr (Fe, Cr, AI) (dark grey), Zr 2 (Fe, Cr, AI) (grey) and Zr 3 (Fe, Cr, AI) (white) phases were found in (Zr-16 SS)-5 AI. In addition, presence of amorphous phase was indicated by XRD analysis that could be confirmed by transmission electron microscopy of these two alloys. (author)

Mechanism of abnormally slow crystal growth of CuZr alloy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Yan, X. Q.; Lü, Y. J.

2015-01-01

Crystal growth of the glass-forming CuZr alloy is shown to be abnormally slow, which suggests a new method to identify the good glass-forming alloys. The crystal growth of elemental Cu, Pd and binary NiAl, CuZr alloys is systematically studied with the aid of molecular dynamics simulations. The temperature dependence of the growth velocity indicates the different growth mechanisms between the elemental and the alloy systems. The high-speed growth featuring the elemental metals is dominated by the non-activated collision between liquid-like atoms and interface, and the low-speed growth for NiAl and CuZr is determined by the diffusion across the interface. We find that, in contrast to Cu, Pd, and NiAl, a strong stress layering arisen from the density and the local order layering forms in front of the liquid-crystal interface of CuZr alloy, which causes a slow diffusion zone. The formation of the slow diffusion zone suppresses the interface moving, resulting in much small growth velocity of CuZr alloy. We provide a direct evidence of this explanation by applying the compressive stress normal to the interface. The compression is shown to boost the stress layering in CuZr significantly, correspondingly enhancing the slow diffusion zone, and eventually slowing down the crystal growth of CuZr alloy immediately. In contrast, the growth of Cu, Pd, and NiAl is increased by the compression because the low diffusion zones in them are never well developed

Stability study of the γ phase in U-Nb-Zr alloys

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Arico, S.F; Hermida, J.D; Gribaudo, L.M

2006-01-01

The development of new low enrichment nuclear fuels for research and radioisotope production reactors imposes the knowledge of properties and behaviors about a series of alloys which the reducing of U 235 (fissionable) concentration is compensated with a greater density of this element inside the fuel. One of these series is composed by U alloys with different contents of alloying, that allow to retain the body centered cubic structure solid solution recognized as phase α in metastable condition at low temperatures. For the present work 10 U based alloys were manufactured with different concentrations containing up to 43,7 % zirconium weight and up to 7,3 % niobium weight. An arch oven was utilized with argon atmosphere. The identification of the present phases in massive samples from the melting was carried out through X-rays diffraction analysis. The results obtained in this work are compared with others results published since the year 1957. In the samples melted the intermetallic UZr 2 diminishes in quantity with the reduction of the composition of Zr in the alloys. In all of them were identified, besides, Zr 6 Fe 3 O, ZrO 0,35 , α and U 3 O 8 present in quantities reduced. The quantity of the two last phases diminishes at the same time with the content in Zr. The parameter of network of the cubic phase γU in these alloys can be represented for the equation: α=(3,5796 -0,1616.x Nb +0,1155.x Zr )/(1.0306+0,003.x Nb -0,0068.x Zr . The parameter of network of the γ phase was measured. Comparing it measured with the value calculated, for eight alloys, the proposed equation showed a very good adjustment (HC)

The Importance of Rare-Earth Additions in Zr-Based AB2 Metal Hydride Alloys

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Kwo-Hsiung Young

2016-07-01

Full Text Available Effects of substitutions of rare earth (RE elements (Y, La, Ce, and Nd to the Zr-based AB2 multi-phase metal hydride (MH alloys on the structure, gaseous phase hydrogen storage (H-storage, and electrochemical properties were studied and compared. Solubilities of the RE atoms in the main Laves phases (C14 and C15 are very low, and therefore the main contributions of the RE additives are through the formation of the RENi phase and change in TiNi phase abundance. Both the RENi and TiNi phases are found to facilitate the bulk diffusion of hydrogen but impede the surface reaction. The former is very effective in improving the activation behaviors. −40 °C performances of the Ce-doped alloys are slightly better than the Nd-doped alloys but not as good as those of the La-doped alloys, which gained the improvement through a different mechanism. While the improvement in ultra-low-temperature performance of the Ce-containing alloys can be associated with a larger amount of metallic Ni-clusters embedded in the surface oxide, the improvement in the La-containing alloys originates from the clean alloy/oxide interface as shown in an earlier transmission electron microscopy study. Overall, the substitution of 1 at% Ce to partially replace Zr gives the best electrochemical performances (capacity, rate, and activation and is recommended for all the AB2 MH alloys for electrochemical applications.

Oxide impedance characteristics of the Zr-xNb alloys

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Park, S. Y.; Choi, B. K.; Jung, Y. H.; Jung, Y. H.

2002-01-01

To elucidate the correlation between the oxide impedance and corrosion characteristics of the Zr-xNb alloys, the long term corrosion test in high temperature / high pressure aqueous solution and the impedance test in the room temperature sulfate solution were performed. β-quenched plate specimens were heat-treated at 570 .deg. C for 500 hours to get the α+β Nb phase and the at 640 .deg. C for 10 hours to get the α+β Zr phase. The impedance test was conducted in sulfate solution for the initial corrosion test specimen (WG = 30 mg/dm 2 ). To evaluate the impedance date, 4 types of equivalent circuits were constructed by 5 parallel and serial RC elements. By using the equivalent circuits, the thickness of the inner and outer layers were calculated and the electric resistance of each layers were estimated. The corrosion behaviour of Zr-xNb alloys were quite different depending of the annealing condition and Nb-content. The corrosion resistance of the β Nb phase contained high Nb alloys were excellent rather than β Zr phase contained high Nb alloys. The electric resistance of the outer layer of β Zr phase contained high Nb alloy was twice larger than that of β Zr phase contained high Nb alloy, and in the case of outer layer 30% larger. So, the long term corrosion behaviors in high temperature could be estimated well by using the impedance test results

Effects of vacuum and ageing on Zr4/Cr3 based conversion coatings on aluminium alloys

Science.gov (United States)

Thirupathi, Kalaivanan; Bárczy, Pál; Vad, Kálmán; Csik, Attila; Somosvári, Béla Márton

2018-05-01

In this study, we investigate the impact of ageing and high vacuum on existing environmentally friendly Zr4/Cr3-based conversion coatings. The freshly formed coating undergoes several changes during ageing and exposure to high vacuum. Based on the present data, we propose that the coating formed over AA6082 and AA7075 alloys is sol-gel in nature, confirmed by secondary neutral mass spectroscopy (SNMS) using the depth profiling technique. Our findings reveal that there are elemental level changes that result in shrinkage of the coating. Most Zr ions in the coating are in the solute form, with lesser number of Cr and Al ions that disappear under high vacuum over a certain period of time. The remaining Cr, Zr and O atoms exist in a gelatinous state. During ageing, there is a continuous transition of ions from solute to gelatinous state. In addition, the deposition of coating ions is directly influenced by the substrates and their constituents. The extent of dissolution of aluminium in the conversion bath determines both Zr and Cr ion deposition. For a highly alloyed metal like AA7075, the dissolution rate is disturbed by copper and zinc.

Decomposition of the γ phase in as-cast and quenched U–Zr alloys

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Irukuvarghula, S., E-mail: sandeep.irukuvarghula@manchester.ac.uk [Department of Nuclear Engineering, Texas A& M University, College Station (United States); School of Materials, University of Manchester (United Kingdom); Ahn, Sangjoon [Department of Nuclear Engineering, Texas A& M University, College Station (United States); Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering, UNIST (Korea, Republic of); McDeavitt, S.M. [Department of Nuclear Engineering, Texas A& M University, College Station (United States)

2016-05-15

An investigation of the decomposition of the high temperature γ phase in as-cast and quenched U–Zr alloys was conducted. Differential scanning calorimetry data clearly showed δ⇌γ transformations in alloys with <10 wt% Zr while XRD data did not contain any peaks which uniquely identify it's presence. Since δ phase forms via ω transformation, a comparison of the theoretical diffraction patterns for ω and δ revealed that the intensities of the peaks which uniquely identify the existence of δ when α-U is present, were either very weak, or were zero in ω, suggesting that the ambiguity can be explained if the phase present in these alloys is ω as opposed to δ. Our data are consistent with the presence of δ and ω in as-cast and quenched U–50Zr alloy, respectively, and (α + ω) in rest of the as-cast and quenched alloys. Based on the experimental data, the transformation sequence from γ phase in U–Zr alloys is proposed.

Isothermal oxidation behavior of ternary Zr-Nb-Y alloys at high temperature

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Prajitno, Djoko Hadi, E-mail: djokohp@batan.go.id [Research Center for Nuclear Materials and Radiometry, Jl. Tamansari 71, Bandung 40132 (Indonesia); Soepriyanto, Syoni; Basuki, Eddy Agus [Metallurgy Engineering, Institute Technology Bandung, Jl. Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132 (Indonesia); Wiryolukito, Slameto [Materials Engineering, Institute Technology Bandung, Jl. Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132 (Indonesia)

2014-03-24

The effect of yttrium content on isothermal oxidation behavior of Zr-2,5%Nb-0,5%Y, Zr-2,5%Nb-1%Y Zr-2,5%Nb-1,5%Y alloy at high temperature has been studied. High temperature oxidation carried out at tube furnace in air at 600,700 and 800°C for 1 hour. Optical microscope is used for microstructure characterization of the alloy. Oxidized and un oxidized specimen was characterized by x-ray diffraction. In this study, kinetic oxidation of Zr-2,5%Nb with different Y content at high temperature has also been studied. Characterization by optical microscope showed that microstructure of Zr-Nb-Y alloys relatively unchanged and showed equiaxed microstructure. X-ray diffraction of the alloys depicted that the oxide scale formed during oxidation of zirconium alloys is monoclinic ZrO2 while unoxidised alloy showed two phase α and β phase. SEM-EDS examination shows that depletion of Zr composition took place under the oxide layer. Kinetic rate of oxidation of zirconium alloy showed that increasing oxidation temperature will increase oxidation rate but increasing yttrium content in the alloys will decrease oxidation rate.

Effect of Si addition on the glass-forming ability of a NiTiZrAlCu alloy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Liang, W.Z.; Shen, J.; Sun, J.F.

2006-01-01

The effect of Si addition on the glass-forming ability (GFA) of a NiTiZrAlCu alloy was investigated by using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), differential thermal analysis (DTA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The maximum diameter of glassy rods increased from 0.5 mm for the Ni 42 Ti 20 Zr 25 Al 8 Cu 5 alloy (the base alloy) to 2.5 mm for the Ni 42 Ti 20 Zr 21.5 Al 8 Cu 5 Si 3.5 alloy and to 3 mm for the Ni 42 Ti 19 Zr 22.5 Al 8 Cu 5 Si 3.5 alloy, when prepared by using the copper mould casting. The GFA of the alloys can be assessed by the reduced glass transition temperature T rg (=T g /T l ) and a newly proposed parameter, δ(=T x /T l - T g ). An addition of a proper amount of Si and a minor substitution of Ti with Zr can enhance the GFA of the base alloy by suppressing the formation of primary Ni(TiZr) and (TiZr)(CuAl) 2 phases and inducing the composition close to eutectic

Ultra-thin zirconia films on Zr-alloys

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Choi, Joong Il Jake; Mayr-Schmoelzer, Wernfried; Mittendorfer, Florian; Redinger, Josef; Diebold, Ulrike; Schmid, Michael [Institute of Applied Physics, Vienna University of Technology (Austria); Li, Hao; Rupprechter, Guenther [Institute of Materials Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology (Austria)

2014-07-01

Zirconia ultra-thin films have been prepared by oxidation of Pt{sub 3}Zr(0001) and showed a structure equivalent to (111) of cubic zirconia. Following previous work, we have prepared ultra-thin zirconia by oxidation of a different alloy, Pd{sub 3}Zr(0001), which resulted in a similar structure with a slightly different lattice parameter, 351.2 ±0.4 pm. Unlike the oxide on Pt{sub 3}Zr, where Zr of the oxide binds to Pt in the substrate, here the oxide binds to substrate Zr via oxygen. This causes stronger distortion of the oxide structure, i.e. a stronger buckling of Zr in the oxide. After additional oxidation of ZrO{sub 2}/Pt{sub 3}Zr, a different ultra-thin zirconia phase is observed. A preliminary structure model for this film is based on (113)-oriented cubic zirconia. 3D oxide clusters are also present after growing ultra-thin zirconia films. They occur at the step edges, and the density is higher on Pd{sub 3}Zr. These clusters also appear on terraces after additional oxidation. XPS reveals different core level shifts of the oxide films, bulk, and oxide clusters.

Advanced Corrosion-Resistant Zr Alloys for High Burnup and Generation IV Application

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Jeong, Y. H.; Park, S. Y.; Lee, M. H.; Choi, B. K.; Baek, J. H.; Park, J. Y.; Kim, J. H.; Kim, H. G.; Jung, Y. H.; Bang, B. G.

2006-08-01

The systematic study was performed to develop the advanced corrosion-resistant Zr alloys for high burnup and Gen IV application. The corrosion behavior was significantly changed with the alloy composition and the corrosion environment. In general, the model alloys with a higher alloying elements showed a higher corrosion resistance. Among the model alloys tested in this study, Zr-10Cr-0.2Fe showed the best corrosion resistance regardless of the corrosion condition. The oxide on the higher corrosion-resistant alloy such as Zr-1.0Cr-0.2Fe consisted of mainly columnar grains, and it have a higher tetragonal phase stability. In comparison with other alloys being considered for the SCWR, the Zr alloys showed a lower corrosion rate than ferritic-martensitic steels. The results of this study imply that, at least from a corrosion standpoint, Zr alloys deserve consideration as potential cladding or structural materials in supercritical water cooled reactors

A Novel Zr-1Nb Alloy and a New Look at Hydriding

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Robert D. Mariani; James I. Cole; Assel Aitkaliyeva

2013-09-01

A novel Zr-1Nb has begun development based on a working model that takes into account the hydrogen permeabilities for zirconium and niobium metals. The beta-Nb secondary phase particles (SPPs) in Zr-1Nb are believed to promote more rapid hydrogen dynamics in the alloy in comparison to other zirconium alloys. Furthermore, some hydrogen release is expected at the lower temperatures corresponding to outages when the partial pressure of H2 in the coolant is less. These characteristics lessen the negative synergism between corrosion and hydriding that is otherwise observed in cladding alloys without niobium. In accord with the working model, development of nanoscale precursors was initiated to enhance the performance of existing Zr-1Nb alloys. Their characteristics and properties can be compared to oxide-dispersion strengthened alloys, and material additions have been proposed to zirconium-based LWR cladding to guard further against hydriding and to fix the size of the SPPs for microstructure stability enhancements. A preparative route is being investigated that does not require mechanical alloying, and 10 nanometer molybdenum particles have been prepared which are part of the nanoscale precursors. If successful, the approach has implications for long term dry storage of used fuel and for new routes to nanoferritic and ODS alloys.

Structural study of Zr-based metallic glasses

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Matsubara, E.; Ichitsubo, T.; Saida, J.; Kohara, S.; Ohsumi, H.

2007-01-01

Structures of Zr 70 Ni 20 Al 10 , Zr 70 Cu 20 Al 10 , Zr 70 Cu 30 and Zr 70 Ni 30 amorphous alloys were analyzed by high-energy X-ray diffraction. The relatively stable Zr 2 Cu amorphous alloy shows a local atom arrangement different from the Zr 2 Cu crystalline phase. By contrast, the less stable Zr 70 Ni 30 amorphous alloy has a structure similar to Zr 2 Ni. In the Zr 70 Cu 20 Al 10 metallic glass, Zr-Al nearest neighbor pairs are introduced in the amorphous structure. In the Zr 70 Ni 20 Al 10 metallic glass, the strong correlation between Zr-Ni pairs is drastically modified by the formation of Zr-Al pairs. The presence of Zr-Al pairs in the ternary alloys suppresses the crystallization and stabilizes the glassy state

Effect of high-order multicomponent on formation and properties of Zr-based bulk glassy alloys

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Inoue, A., E-mail: ainouebmg@yahoo.co.jp [International Institute of Green Materials, Josai International University, Togane 283-8555 (Japan); School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072 (China); Department of Physics, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 22254 (Saudi Arabia); Wang, Z.; Louzguine-Luzgin, D.V. [WPI Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577 (Japan); Han, Y. [School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072 (China); Kong, F.L. [International Institute of Green Materials, Josai International University, Togane 283-8555 (Japan); Shalaan, E.; Al-Marzouki, F. [Department of Physics, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 22254 (Saudi Arabia)

2015-07-25

Highlights: • A multicomponent Zr{sub 55}Al{sub 10}Fe{sub 6}Co{sub 6}Ni{sub 6}Cu{sub 6}Pd{sub 6}Ag{sub 5} bulk glassy alloy was formed. • The high-order multiplication suppression of the decrease in mechanical strength. • The BGAs show good corrosion resistance and slow growth rate of primary precipitates. - Abstract: We examined the formation, thermal stability, mechanical properties and corrosion behavior of a multicomponent Zr{sub 55}Al{sub 10}Fe{sub 6}Co{sub 6}Ni{sub 6}Cu{sub 6}Pd{sub 6}Ag{sub 5} bulk glassy alloy, with the aim of clarifying the effect of high-order multiplication of the number of components on their properties. The bulk glassy alloy rods of 2 and 6 mm in diameter were formed by suction casting even at the low total content of typical glass-forming 3-d late transition metals like Co, Ni and Cu. The Vickers hardness is different in the center region and in the outer surface region. The difference seems to reflect the relaxation level of glassy structure. The Young’s modulus and the compressive fracture strength are nearly the same for the base Zr{sub 55}Al{sub 10}Ni{sub 5}Cu{sub 30} alloy in spite of the existence of immiscible atomic pairs. Moreover, the multicomponent alloy exhibits better corrosion resistance than that for the base alloy. The glassy phase changes to a supercooled liquid state at 720 K and then starts to crystallize at 754 K with a single exothermic peak, in contrast to the appearance of a wide supercooled liquid region for the base alloy. The primary crystalline phase precipitates with very short incubation time and very low growth rate, which are different from those for the base alloy. The extremely low growth rate of the crystallites is presumably due to the reduction of diffusivity of late transition metal elements resulting from multiplication. Thus, the high-order multiplication has the features of (1) the maintenance of high glass-forming ability even at the lower Co, Ni and Cu content and in the absence of

Structure of as cast L12 compounds in Al3Zr-base alloys containing Cu and Mn

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Virk, I.S.; Varin, R.A.

1991-01-01

It was first shown that the low symmetry, tetragonal DO 23 crystal structure of Al 3 Zr intermetallic can be changed to the related cubic L1 2 crystal structure by alloying with Ni (Al 5 NiZr 2 ) and Cu(Al 5 CuZr 2 ). It has been reported that previous work has successfully modified Al 3 Zr with Fe, Cu, Cr and Ni obtaining nearly single phase materials with L1 2 structure. However, they only studied the microstructure and mechanical properties of Fe - modified intermetallic (Al-6at% Fe-25at% Zr). The purpose of the paper is to describe and interpret experimental observations on the microstructure of Al 5 CuZr 2 and Al 66 Mn 9 Zr 25 (at.%) modifications of base Al 3 Zr intermetallic. The one modified with Mn has not been reported in literature although its Al 3 Ti - base counterpart has recently been successfully produced (3, 4)

Moessbauer and transport studies of amorphous and icosahedral Zr-Ni-Cu-Ag-Al alloys

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Stadnik, Z.M.; Rapp, O.; Srinivas, V.; Saida, J.; Inoue, A.

2002-01-01

The alloy Zr 65 Al 7.5 Ni 10 Cu 7.3 Fe 0.2 Ag 10 in the amorphous and icosahedral states, and the bulk amorphous alloy Zr 65 Al 7.5 Ni 10 Cu 7.5 Ag 10 , have been studied with 57 Fe Moessbauer spectroscopy, electrical resistance and magnetoresistance techniques. The average quadrupole splitting in both alloys decreases with temperature as T 3/2 . The average quadrupole splitting in the icosahedral alloy is the largest ever reported for a metallic system. The lattice vibrations of the Fe atoms in the amorphous and icosahedral alloys are well described by a simple Debye model, with the characteristic Moessbauer temperatures of 379(29) and 439(28) K, respectively. Amorphous alloys Zr 65 Al 7. )5Ni 10 Cu 7.5 Ag 10 and Zr 65 Al 7.5 Ni 10 Cu 7.3 Fe 0.2 Ag 10 have been found to be superconducting with the transition temperature, T c , of about 1.7 K. The magnitude of Tc and the critical field slope at Tc are in agreement with previous work on Zr-based amorphous superconductors, while the low-temperature normal state resistivity is larger than typical results for binary and ternary Zr-based alloys. The resistivity of icosahedral Zr 65 Al 7.5 Ni 10 Cu 7.3 Fe 0.2 Ag 10 is larger than that for the amorphous ribbon of the same composition, as inferred both from direct measurements on the ribbons and from the observed magnetoresistance. However the icosahedral sample is non-superconducting in the measurement range down to 1.5 K. The results for the resistivity and the superconducting T c both suggest a stronger electronic disorder in the icosahedral phase than in the amorphous phase. (author)

Effect of Si and Zr on the Microstructure and Properties of Al-Fe-Si-Zr Alloys

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Anna Morozova

2017-11-01

Full Text Available The effects of Si and Zr on the microstructure, microhardness and electrical conductivity of Al-Fe-Si-Zr alloys were studied. An increase in the Zr content over 0.3 wt. % leads to the formation of primary Al3Zr inclusions and also decreases mechanical properties. Therefore, the Zr content should not be more than 0.3 wt. %, although the smaller content is insufficient for the strengthening by the secondary Al3Zr precipitates. The present results indicate that high content of Si significantly affects the hardness and electrical conductivity of the investigated alloys. However, the absence of Si led to the formation of harmful needle-shaped Al3Fe particles in the microstructure of the investigated alloys after annealing. Therefore, the optimum amount of Si was 0.25–0.50 wt. % due to the formation of the Al8Fe2Si phase with the preferable platelet morphology. The maximum microhardness and strengthening effects in Al-1% Fe-0.25% Si-0.3% Zr were observed after annealing at 400–450 °C due to the formation of nanosized coherent Al3Zr (L12 dispersoids. The effect of the increasing of the electrical conductivity can be explained by the decomposition of the solid solution. Thus, Al-1% Fe-0.25% Si-0.3% Zr alloy annealed at 450 °C has been studied in detail as the most attractive with respect to the special focus on transmission line applications.

Laser cladding of a Mg based Mg–Gd–Y–Zr alloy with Al–Si powders

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Chen, Erlei; Zhang, Kemin; Zou, Jianxin

2016-01-01

Graphical abstract: A Mg based Mg–Gd–Y–Zr alloy was treated by laser cladding with Al–Si powders at different laser scanning speeds. The laser clad layer mainly contains Mg_2Si, Mg_1_7Al_1_2 and Al_2(Gd,Y) phases distributed in the Mg matrix. After laser cladding, the corrosion resistance of the Mg alloy was significantly improved together with increased microhardness in the laser clad layers. - Highlights: • A Mg based Mg–Gd–Y–Zr alloy was laser clad with Al–Si powders. • The microstructure and morphology vary with the depth of the clad layer and the laser scanning speed. • Hardness and corrosion resistance were significantly improved after laser cladding. - Abstract: In the present work, a Mg based Mg–Gd–Y–Zr alloy was subjected to laser cladding with Al–Si powders at different laser scanning speeds in order to improve its surface properties. It is observed that the laser clad layer mainly contains Mg_2Si, Mg_1_7Al_1_2 and Al_2(Gd,Y) phases distributed in the Mg matrix. The depth of the laser clad layer increases with decreasing the scanning speed. The clad layer has graded microstructures and compositions. Both the volume fraction and size of Mg_2Si, Mg_1_7Al_1_2 and Al_2(Gd,Y) phases decreases with the increasing depth. Due to the formation of these hardening phases, the hardness of clad layer reached a maximum value of HV440 when the laser scanning speed is 2 mm/s, more than 5 times of the substrate (HV75). Besides, the corrosion properties of the untreated and laser treated samples were all measured in a NaCl (3.5 wt.%) aqueous solution. The corrosion potential was increased from −1.77 V for the untreated alloy to −1.13 V for the laser clad alloy with scanning rate of 2 mm/s, while the corrosion current density was reduced from 2.10 × 10"−"5 A cm"−"2 to 1.64 × 10"−"6 A cm"−"2. The results show that laser cladding is an efficient method to improve surface properties of Mg–Rare earth alloys.

The corrosion properties of Zr-Cr-NM alloy metallic waste form for longterm disposal

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Han, Seung Youb; Jang, Seon Ah; Eun, Hee Chul; Choi, Jung Hoon; Lee, Ki Rak; Park, Hwan Seo; Ahn, Do Hee [Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Daejeon (Korea, Republic of)

2017-06-15

KAERI is conducting research on spent cladding hulls and additive metals to generate a solidifcation host matrix for the noble metal fssion product waste in anode sludge from the electro-refning process to minimize the volume of waste that needs to be disposed of. In this study, alloy compositions Zr-17Cr, Zr-22Cr, and Zr-27Cr were prepared with or without eight noble metals representing fuel waste using induction melting. The microstructures of the resulting alloys were characterized and electrochemical corrosion tests were conducted to evaluate their corrosion characteristics. All the compositions had better corrosion characteristics than other Zr-based alloys that were evaluated for comparison. Analysis of the leach solution after the corrosion test of the Zr-22Cr-8NM specimen indicated that the noble metals were not leached during corrosion under 500 mV imposed voltage, which simulates a highly oxidizing disposal environment. The results of this study confrm that Zr-Cr based compositions will likely serve as chemically stable waste forms.

Corrosion and deuterium uptake of Zr-based alloys in supercritical water

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Khatamian, D.

2010-01-01

To increase the thermodynamic efficiency above 40% in nuclear power plants, the use of supercritical water as the heat transport fluid has been suggested. Zircaloy-2, -4, Zr-Cr-Fe, Zr-1Nb and Zr-2.5Nb were tested as prospective fuel cladding materials in 30 MPa D 2 O at 500 o C. Zircaloy-2 showed the highest rates of corrosion and hydriding. Although Zr-Cr-Fe initially showed a very low corrosion rate, it displayed breakaway corrosion kinetics after 50 h exposure. The best-behaved material both from a corrosion and hydrogen uptake point of view was Zr-2.5Nb. However, the Zr-2.5Nb oxide growth rate was still excessive and beyond the current CANDU design allowance. Similar coupons, coated with Cr, were also tested. The coated layer effectively prevented oxidation of the coupons except on the edges, where the coating was thinner and had some flaws. In addition, the Cr-coated Zr-2.5Nb coupons had the lowest deuterium pickup of all the alloys tested and showed no signs of accelerated or nonuniform corrosion. (author)

Hydrogen traps in the oxide/alloy interface region of Zr-Nb alloys

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Khatamian, D.

1995-03-01

In this study the 1 H( 15 N,αγ) 12 C nuclear reaction has been used to measure hydrogen profiles of anodically oxidized Zr-Nb specimens containing various amounts of niobium. The profiles have been correlated with oxygen profiles, obtained using a Scanning Auger Microprobe (SAM), and with X-ray diffraction patterns. In addition, unoxidized Zr-2.5Nb (Zr-2.5 wt% Nb) samples were implanted with oxygen and hydrogen to study the interaction between these two species when dissolved in the alloy. All the anodically oxidized specimens, except the pure Zr and the single-phase β-Zr (Zr-20Nb) samples, displayed hydrogen peaks beneath the oxide layer. These results, in conjunction with the results from the implanted specimens, indicate that the hydrogen moves under the influence of a stress gradient to the sub-oxide region, where the metal lattice has been expanded due to superficial oxide growth. The results show that dissolved oxygen sites in Zr-2.5Nb alloy do not trap hydrogen. (author). 16 refs., 6 figs

Structural study of Zr-based metallic glasses

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Matsubara, E. [Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501 (Japan)]. E-mail: e.matsubara@materials.mbox.media.kyoto-u.ac.jp; Ichitsubo, T. [Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501 (Japan); Saida, J. [Center of Interdisciplinary Research, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578 (Japan); Kohara, S. [JASRI, SPring-8, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5198 (Japan); Ohsumi, H. [JASRI, SPring-8, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5198 (Japan)

2007-05-31

Structures of Zr{sub 70}Ni{sub 20}Al{sub 10}, Zr{sub 70}Cu{sub 20}Al{sub 10}, Zr{sub 70}Cu{sub 30} and Zr{sub 70}Ni{sub 30} amorphous alloys were analyzed by high-energy X-ray diffraction. The relatively stable Zr{sub 2}Cu amorphous alloy shows a local atom arrangement different from the Zr{sub 2}Cu crystalline phase. By contrast, the less stable Zr{sub 70}Ni{sub 30} amorphous alloy has a structure similar to Zr{sub 2}Ni. In the Zr{sub 70}Cu{sub 20}Al{sub 10} metallic glass, Zr-Al nearest neighbor pairs are introduced in the amorphous structure. In the Zr{sub 70}Ni{sub 20}Al{sub 10} metallic glass, the strong correlation between Zr-Ni pairs is drastically modified by the formation of Zr-Al pairs. The presence of Zr-Al pairs in the ternary alloys suppresses the crystallization and stabilizes the glassy state.

Phase analysis and magnetocaloric properties of Zr substituted Gd-Si-Ge alloys

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Prabahar, K.; Raj Kumar, D.M.; Manivel Raja, M.; Chandrasekaran, V.

2011-01-01

The structure, microstructure, magneto-structural transition and magnetocaloric effect have been investigated in series of (Gd 5-x Zr x )Si 2 Ge 2 alloys with 0≤x≥0.20. X-ray powder diffraction analysis revealed the presence of orthorhombic structure for Zr containing alloys at room temperature in contrast to the monoclinic structure observed in the parent Gd 5 Si 2 Ge 2 alloy. The microstructural studies reveal that, low Zr addition (x≤0.1) resulted in low volume fraction of detrimental Gd 5 Si 3 -type secondary phase compared to that present in the parent alloy. All the Zr containing alloys have shown the presence of only second order magnetic transition unlike the parent alloy showing both first order structural and second order magnetic transition. A moderate (ΔS) M value of -5.5 J/kg K was obtained for the x=0.05 alloy at an enhanced operating temperature of 292 K compared to -7.8 J/kg K at 274 K of the parent alloy for an applied field of 2 T. The interesting feature of Zr (x=0.05) containing alloy is the wide operating temperature range of ∼25 K than that of ∼10-12 K for the parent, which resulted in enhanced net refrigerant capacity of 103 J/kg compared to that of 53 J/kg for the parent alloy. - Research highlights: → Zr addition in Gd 5 Si 2 Ge 2 alloy has been investigated for the first time to reduce the 5:3-type (Gd 5 Si 3 ) secondary phase formed when using commercial grade elements in Gd 5 Si 2 Ge 2 alloy. → It is interesting to observe that Zr addition decrease the volume fraction 5:3. → The refrigerator capacity and transition temperature of Zr added alloy is greater than the pure Gd 5 Si 2 Ge 2 which makes this alloy promising for room temperature application.

Development in corrosion resistance by microstructural refinement in Zr-16 SS 304 alloy using suction casting technique

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Das, N., E-mail: nirupamd@barc.gov.in; Sengupta, P.; Abraham, G.; Arya, A.; Kain, V.; Dey, G.K.

2016-08-15

Highlights: • Grain refinement was made in Zr–16 wt.% SS alloy while prepared by suction casting process. • Distribution of Laves phase, e.g., Zr{sub 2}(Fe, Cr) was raised in suction cast (SC) Zr–16 wt.% SS. • Corrosion resistance was improved in SC alloy compared to that of arc-melt-cast alloy. • Grain refinement in SC alloy assisted for an increase in its corrosion resistance. - Abstract: Zirconium (Zr)-stainless steel (SS) hybrid alloys are being considered as baseline alloys for developing metallic-waste-form (MWF) with the motivation of disposing of Zr and SS base nuclear metallic wastes. Zr–16 wt.% SS, a MWF alloy optimized from previous studies, exhibit significant grain refinement and changes in phase assemblages (soft phase: Zr{sub 2}(Fe, Cr)/α-Zr vs. hard phase: Zr{sub 3}(Fe, Ni)) when prepared by suction casting (SC) technique in comparison to arc-cast-melt (AMC) route. Variation in Cr-distribution among different phases are found to be low in suction cast alloy, which along with grain refinement restricted Cr-depletion at the Zr{sub 2}(Fe, Cr)/Zr interfaces, prone to localized attack. Hence, SC alloy, compared to AMC alloy, showed lower current density, higher potential at the breakdown of passivity and higher corrosion potential during polarization experiments (carried out under possible geological repository environments, viz., pH 8, 5 and 1) indicating its superior corrosion resistance.

Effect of alloying Mo on mechanical strength and corrosion resistance of Zr-1% Sn-1% Nb-1% Fe alloy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sugondo

2011-01-01

It had been done research on Zr-1%Sn-1%Nb-1%Fe-(x)%Mo alloy. The ingot was prepared by means of electrical electrode technique. The chemical analysis was identified by XRF, the metallography examination was perform by an optical microscope, the hardness test was done by Vickers microhardness, and the corrosion test was done in autoclave. The objective of this research were making Zr-1%Sn-1%Nb-1%Fe-(x)%Mo alloy with Mo concentration; comparing effect of Mo concentration to metal characteristics of Zr-1%Sn-1%Nb-1%Fe which covered microstructure; composition homogeneity, mechanical strength; and corrosion resistance in steam, and determining the optimal Mo concentration in Zr-1%Sn-1%Nb-1%Fe-(x)% Mo alloy for nuclear fuel cladding which had corrosion resistance and high hardness. The results were as follow: The alloying Mo refined grains at concentration in between 0,1%-0,3% and the concentration more than that could coarsened grains. The hardness of the Zr-1%Sn-1%Nb-1%Fe-(x)%Mo alloy was controlled either by the flaw or the dislocation, the intersection of the harder alloying element, the solid solution of the alloying element and the second phase formation of ZrMo 2 . The corrosion rate of the Zr-1%Sn-1%Nb-1%Fe-(x)%Mo alloy was controlled by the second phase of ZrMo 2 . The 0.3% Mo concentration in Zr-1%Sn-1%Nb-1%Fe-(x)%Mo alloy was the best for second phase formation. The Mo concentration in between 0,3-0,5% in Zr-1%Sn-1%Nb-1%Fe-(x)%Mo alloy was good for the second phase formation and the solid solution. (author)

A study on the development of hypo-stoichiometric Zr-based hydrogen storage alloys with ultra-high capacity for anode material of Ni/MH secondary battery

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lee, S.-M.; Lee, H.; Kim, J.-H.; Lee, P.S.; Lee, J.-Y. [Korea Advanced Inst. of Science and Technology, Taejon (Korea). Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering

2000-08-10

Some hypo-stoichiometric Zr-based Laves phase alloys were prepared and studied from a viewpoint of discharge capacity for electrochemical application. After careful alloy design of ZrMn{sub 2}-based hydrogen storage alloys through changing their stoichiometry while substituting or adding some alloying elements, the Zr(Mn{sub 0.2}V{sub 0.2}Ni{sub 0.6}){sub 1.8} alloy reveals relatively good properties with regard to hydrogen storage capacity, hydrogen equilibrium pressure and electrochemical discharge capacity. In order to improve the discharge capacity and rate-capability, Zr is partially replaced by Ti. The discharge capacity of Zr{sub 1-x}Ti{sub x}(Mn{sub 0.2}V{sub 0.2}Ni{sub 0.6}){sub 1.8} (x=0.0, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.6) alloy electrodes at 30 C reaches a maximum value and decreases as the Ti fraction increases. In view of electrochemical and thermodynamic characteristics, the occurrence of a maximal phenomenon of the electrochemical discharge capacity of the alloy is attributed to a competition between decreasing hydrogen storage capacity and increasing rate-capability with Ti fraction. However, as the Ti fraction increases, the discharge capacity decreases drastically with repeated electrochemical cycling. Judging from the analysis of surface composition by Auger electron spectroscopy (AES), the rapid degradation with increasing Ti fraction in Zr-based alloy is ascribed to the fast growth of the oxygen-penetrated layer with cycling. Therefore, it is assured that the stoichiometry and Ti fraction should be optimized to obtain a good cycle life of the electrode maintaining high discharge capacity. On the basis of above results, the hydrogen storage capacity of the alloy with optimized composition (Zr{sub 0.65}Ti{sub 0.35}(Mn{sub 0.3}V{sub 0.14}Cr{sub 0.11}Ni{sub 0.65}){sub 1.76}) is about 1.68 wt% under 10 atm of equilibrium hydrogen pressure. (orig.)

Understanding hydride formation in Zr-1Nb alloy through microstructural characterization

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Neogy, S.; Srivastava, D.; Tewari, R.; Singh, R.N.; Dey, G.K.; De, P.K.; Banerjee, S.

2003-07-01

In this study the experimental results of hydride formation and their microstructure evolution in Zr-1Nb alloy is presented. This Zr-1Nb binary alloy and other Zr-1 Nb based ternary and quaternary alloys are being used as fuel tube materials and have the potential for meeting the requirement of high burn up fuel. Hydriding of Zr-1Nb alloy having a microstructure comprising equiaxed α grains and a uniform distribution of spherical particles of the β phase has been carried out in this study. The specimens have been hydrided by gaseous charging method to different hydrogen levels. The microstructures of hydrided samples were examined as a function of hydrogen content. The formation of δ hydride in slow cooled specimens and formation of γ hydride in rapidly cooled specimens has been studied with their morphology, habit plane and orientation relationship with the α matrix in view. The habit planes of either type of hydride phase has been determined and compared with those observed in other Zr-Nb alloys. The orientation relationship between the α matrix and the δ hydride was found to be the following: (0001) α // (111) δ and [1120] α // [110] δ . The orientation relationship between the α matrix and the γ hydride was of the following type: (0001) α // (111) γ and [1120] α // [110] γ . The internal structure of both types of hydride has been examined. The effect of the presence of the spherical β phase particles in the a matrix on the growth of the hydride plates has been investigated. (author)

Crystallization-induced plasticity of Cu-Zr containing bulk amorphous alloys

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lee, Seok-Woo; Huh, Moo-Young; Fleury, Eric; Lee, Jae-Chul

2006-01-01

This study examined the parameter governing the plasticity observed in various Cu-Zr containing monolithic amorphous alloys. All the alloys were fully amorphous in their as-cast condition but exhibited different plastic strains. Microscopic observations of the quasi-statically compressed alloys showed abundant nanocrystallites in the amorphous matrices in the alloys that exhibited pronounced plasticity. On the other hand, insignificant changes in the microstructure were observed in the alloy that did not show plasticity. The mechanism for the formation of these deformation-induced nanocrystallites was examined from the viewpoints of thermodynamics and kinetics. The role of the deformation-induced nanocrystallites on the plasticity of the amorphous alloy was examined using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. The results demonstrate that compressive loading facilitates nanocrystallization in monolithic Cu-Zr containing amorphous alloys, resulting in plasticity. The parameter governing the plasticity in these monolithic Cu-Zr containing amorphous alloys lies in the activation energy for the overall crystallization process

Influence of Temperature to Thermal Properties of U-Zr Alloy With The Zr Content Variation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Aslina-Br-Ginting; Masrukan; M-Husna-Al-Hasa

2007-01-01

Have been done thermal of characteristic covering heat stability, heat capacities, enthalpy and also phase changes from uranium, zirkonium and U-Zr alloy with the Zr content variation of Zr 2 %, 6 %, 10% and 14% weight. Change of the temperature and composition anticipated will cause the characteristic of thermal to uranium metal, zirkonium and also U-Zr alloy. Therefore at this research was conducted using analysis influence of temperature to thermal of characteristic of uranium, zirkonium and U-Zr alloy with the Zr content variation by using DTA and DSC. Result of analysis indicate that the uranium metal at temperature 662 o C stable in phase α. Above at temperature, uranium metal experience of the phase change indicated by formed the thermochemical reaction as much 3 endothermic peak. At temperature 667.16 o C, happened by the phase change of α become the phase β with the enthalpy 2,3034 cal/g, at temperature 773.05 o C happened by the phase change β becoming phase γ 2,8725 cal/g and also at temperature 1125.26 the o C uranium metal experience the phenomenon become to melt with the enthalpy 2,1316 cal/g. (author)

Thermal Expansion Property of U-Zr Alloys and U-Zr-Ce Alloys as a Surrogate Metallic Fuel for SFR

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kim, Sun Ki; Lee, Jong Tak; Oh, Seok Jin; Ko, Young Mo; Kim, Ki Hwan; Woo, Youn Myung; Lee, Chan Bock

2010-01-01

Metal fuels was selected for fueling many of the first reactors in the US, including the Experimental Breeder Reactor-I (EBR-I) and the Experimental Breeder Reactor-II (EBR-II) in Idaho, the FERMI-I reactor, and the Dounreay Fast Reactor (DFR) in the UK. Metallic U.Pu.Zr alloys were the reference fuel for the US Integral Fast Reactor (IFR) program. An extensive database on the performance of advanced metal fuels was generated as a result of the operation of these reactors and the IFR program. In this study, the U-Zr binary alloys and U-Zr-Ce ternary alloys as surrogate metallic fuel were fabricated in lower pressure Ar environment by gravity casting. The melt temperature was approximately 1,500 .deg. C. Thermal expansion of the fuel during normal operation is related with fuel performance in a reactor. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the thermal expansion of the fuel in order to warrant a good prediction the fuel performance

The distribution trends and site preferences of alloying elements in precipitates within a Zr alloy: A combined first-principles and experimental study

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Luan, B.F., E-mail: bfluan@cqu.edu.cn [College of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044 (China); Wang, J.M.; Qiu, R.S.; Tao, B.R.; He, W.J. [College of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044 (China); Zhang, X.Y.; Liu, R.P. [State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004 (China); Liu, Q., E-mail: qingliu@cqu.edu.cn [College of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044 (China)

2016-09-05

Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy in scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM-EDS) technique and first-principles calculation are jointly utilized to investigate the distribution trends and site preferences of alloying elements in the precipitates within Zr-1.0Cr-0.4Fe-0.4Mo-0.4Bi alloy. Based on selected area electron diffraction (SAED) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) results, the precipitates within the studied alloy are confirmed to be ZrCr{sub 2}-based Laves phase with FCC (C15) type structure. The STEM-EDS elemental mapping is acquired to clarify the distribution trends of alloying elements in precipitates, i.e. Fe>Mo>Bi. To better verify this distribution behavior, substitutional formation energies and equilibrium concentrations of ternary alloying elements in ZrCr{sub 2} Laves phase are calculated by first-principles. The calculated results show a good consistence with the STEM-EDS results. In addition, the site preferences of ternary alloying elements in ZrCr{sub 2} Laves phase are predicted by the calculation of transfer energies. Finally, the reasons accounting for different distribution trends and site preferences of alloying elements in ZrCr{sub 2} Laves phase are discussed in terms of density of states, which attributed to the pseudogap effect and hybridizations between atoms. - Highlights: • Clarified the distribution trends of Fe>Mo>Bi in precipitates by STEM-EDS. • Verified the experimental results by first-principles calculation. • Predicted the site preferences of alloying elements by first-principles calculation. • Hybridization and pseudogap lead to the strong distribution and site preferences.

Laser cladding of a Mg based Mg–Gd–Y–Zr alloy with Al–Si powders

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Chen, Erlei [School of Materials Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201620 (China); Zhang, Kemin, E-mail: zhangkm@sues.edu.cn [School of Materials Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201620 (China); Zou, Jianxin [National Engineering Research Center of Light Alloys Net Forming & School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240 (China)

2016-03-30

Graphical abstract: A Mg based Mg–Gd–Y–Zr alloy was treated by laser cladding with Al–Si powders at different laser scanning speeds. The laser clad layer mainly contains Mg{sub 2}Si, Mg{sub 17}Al{sub 12} and Al{sub 2}(Gd,Y) phases distributed in the Mg matrix. After laser cladding, the corrosion resistance of the Mg alloy was significantly improved together with increased microhardness in the laser clad layers. - Highlights: • A Mg based Mg–Gd–Y–Zr alloy was laser clad with Al–Si powders. • The microstructure and morphology vary with the depth of the clad layer and the laser scanning speed. • Hardness and corrosion resistance were significantly improved after laser cladding. - Abstract: In the present work, a Mg based Mg–Gd–Y–Zr alloy was subjected to laser cladding with Al–Si powders at different laser scanning speeds in order to improve its surface properties. It is observed that the laser clad layer mainly contains Mg{sub 2}Si, Mg{sub 17}Al{sub 12} and Al{sub 2}(Gd,Y) phases distributed in the Mg matrix. The depth of the laser clad layer increases with decreasing the scanning speed. The clad layer has graded microstructures and compositions. Both the volume fraction and size of Mg{sub 2}Si, Mg{sub 17}Al{sub 12} and Al{sub 2}(Gd,Y) phases decreases with the increasing depth. Due to the formation of these hardening phases, the hardness of clad layer reached a maximum value of HV440 when the laser scanning speed is 2 mm/s, more than 5 times of the substrate (HV75). Besides, the corrosion properties of the untreated and laser treated samples were all measured in a NaCl (3.5 wt.%) aqueous solution. The corrosion potential was increased from −1.77 V for the untreated alloy to −1.13 V for the laser clad alloy with scanning rate of 2 mm/s, while the corrosion current density was reduced from 2.10 × 10{sup −5} A cm{sup −2} to 1.64 × 10{sup −6} A cm{sup −2}. The results show that laser cladding is an efficient method to improve

Precipitation structures and mechanical properties of Al-Li-Zr alloy containing V

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ying, J.K.; Ohashi, T.

1999-01-01

It is known that Al-Li alloys possess high elastic modulus and low density, and the metastable δ' (Al 3 Li) precipitate in these alloys affords considerable strengthening effect. However, with the strengthening resulting from the precipitation of δ' which is coherent with the matrix, these alloys suffer from low ductility and fracture toughness. It seems that the loss of ductility is the slip localization which occurs as a result of slip planes during deformation in connection with the specific hardening mechanism. As a result it indicates typical intergranular fracture. On the one hand, zirconium is used in many aluminum alloys to inhibit recrystallization during alloy processing. When zirconium is present in the alloy grain refinement occurs, which consequently, is considered as a factor that reduces the slip distance, and lowers the stress concentration across grain boundaries and at grain boundary triple points. Nevertheless, if only zirconium is added in Al-Li alloy it still shows intergranular fracture. By Zedaris et al., equilibrium phase Al 3 (Zr,V) in Al-Zr alloy containing V reduces the lattice mismatch along the c-axis with Al and, the L1 2 -structure metastable precipitates Al 3 (Zr,V) in Al-Zr-V alloys are stable at elevated temperature. Therefore, it is interesting to elucidate the effect of V in Al-Li-Zr alloy at the precipitation structures and mechanical properties of these alloys

Shape memory characteristics of Ti-22Nb-(2-8)Zr(at.%) biomedical alloys

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kim, J.I.; Kim, H.Y.; Inamura, T.; Hosoda, H.; Miyazaki, S.

2005-01-01

Shape memory characteristics of Ti-22Nb-(2-8)Zr(at.%) biomedical alloys were investigated by using tensile tests and X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurement. The alloy ingots were fabricated by an arc melting method. The ingots were cold-rolled by a reduction up to 95% in thickness at room temperature. All the alloys were solution-treated at 1173 K for 1.8 ks. The alloys subjected to the solution treatment exhibited large elongations ranging between 28 and 40%. The martensitic transformation temperature decreased by 38 K with 1 at.% increase of Zr content. The maximum recovered strain of 4.3% was obtained in the Ti-22Nb-4Zr(at.%) alloy. Ti-22Nb-(2-4)Zr(at.%) and Ti-22Nb-6Zr(at.%) alloys exhibited stable shape memory effect and superelastic behavior at room temperature, respectively

Semiempirical quantum model approach for hydrogen adsorption in ZrNi alloys

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Chen, Bin-Hao, E-mail: binhao17@gmail.com [Department of Energy Application Engineering, Far East University, No. 49, Zhonghua Rd., Xinshi Dist., Tainan City 74448, Taiwan, ROC (China); Huang, Chien-Chung [Department of Hydrogen Energy and Fuel Cells, Green Energy and Eco-Technology Center, ITRI, No. 49, Zhonghua Rd., Xinshi Dist., Tainan City 74448, Taiwan, ROC (China); Yeh, Yen-Lian; Jang, Ming-Jyi [Department of Automation and Control Engineering, Far East University, No. 49, Zhonghua Rd., Xinshi Dist., Tainan City 74448, Taiwan, ROC (China)

2013-12-15

Highlights: •The hydrogen diffusion behavior in solid ZrNi alloy performs clearly by MD. •Shear and Young’s modulus agree with the experiment study very well. •Current model can apply to hydrogen-tech material development. -- Abstract: Hydrogen storage is an important topic because of its relevance to the future energy economy. Hydrogen diffusivity in materials plays an important role in hydrogen technology both for hydrogen separation and hydrogen storage. To clarify the mechanism of the rate-controlling step, diffusion mechanism of hydrogen in metallic materials is studied by molecular dynamics method. This study performs semi-empirical-quantum molecular dynamic simulations in order to clarify hydrogen atom diffusion behavior in ZrNi alloys materials. We investigate the mechanical properties change associated with temperature variation for ZrNi base alloys and also consider the influence of materials micro-structure change of hydrogen diffusion. Finally, current work presents a theoretically prediction of dynamical diffusion coefficient to compare diffusion kinetics of crystalline and amorphous structure.

Chromium-free conversion coatings based on inorganic salts (Zr/Ti/Mn/Mo) for aluminum alloys used in aircraft applications

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Santa Coloma, P., E-mail: patricia.santacoloma@tecnalia.com [TECNALIA Research & Innovation, Parque Tecnológico de San Sebastián, Mikeletegi Pasealekua 2, E-20009 Donostia-San Sebastián, Gipuzkoa (Spain); Izagirre, U.; Belaustegi, Y.; Jorcin, J.B.; Cano, F.J. [TECNALIA Research & Innovation, Parque Tecnológico de San Sebastián, Mikeletegi Pasealekua 2, E-20009 Donostia-San Sebastián, Gipuzkoa (Spain); Lapeña, N. [Boeing Research & Technology Europe, S.L.U., Avenida Sur del Aeropuerto de Barajas 38, Building 4 – 3rd Floor, E-28042 Madrid (Spain)

2015-08-01

Highlights: • Chromium-free conversion coatings for corrosion protection of aluminum alloys. • Salt spray and potentiodynamic sweep tests to study the corrosion behavior. • Local deposits on Cu-rich intermetallic particles enhanced corrosion resistance. • Surface characterization to relate bath's composition and corrosion resistance. • Best corrosion protection with conversion baths without titanium salts. - Abstract: Novel chromium-free conversion coatings based on Zr/Ti/Mn/Mo compounds were developed at a pilot scale to improve the corrosion resistance of the AA2024-T3 and AA7075-T6 aluminum alloys for aircraft applications. The influence of the presence of Zr and Ti in the Zr/Ti/Mn/Mo conversion bath's formulation on the corrosion resistance of the coated alloys was investigated. The corrosion resistance provided by the conversion coatings was evaluated by salt spray exposure and potentiodynamic sweeps. Optical and scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM/EDS) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) operating in the Kelvin Probe mode (SKPFM) were used to provide microstructural information of the coated samples that achieved the best results in the corrosion tests. The salt spray test evidenced the higher corrosion resistance of the coated samples compared to the bare surfaces for both alloys. The potentiodynamic tests showed that the corrosion current density decreased for coated AA7075-T6 and AA2024-T3 alloys, which indicated an obvious improvement of the corrosion resistance with all the processes for both alloys. Although the corrosion resistance of the coated samples appeared to be higher for the alloy AA7075-T6 than for the alloy AA2024-T3, both alloys achieved the best corrosion protection with the coatings deposited from conversion bath formulations containing no titanium salts. The microscopy analysis on the coated AA7075-T6 samples revealed that a local deposition of Zr compounds and, possibly, an

Chromium-free conversion coatings based on inorganic salts (Zr/Ti/Mn/Mo) for aluminum alloys used in aircraft applications

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Santa Coloma, P.; Izagirre, U.; Belaustegi, Y.; Jorcin, J.B.; Cano, F.J.; Lapeña, N.

2015-01-01

Highlights: • Chromium-free conversion coatings for corrosion protection of aluminum alloys. • Salt spray and potentiodynamic sweep tests to study the corrosion behavior. • Local deposits on Cu-rich intermetallic particles enhanced corrosion resistance. • Surface characterization to relate bath's composition and corrosion resistance. • Best corrosion protection with conversion baths without titanium salts. - Abstract: Novel chromium-free conversion coatings based on Zr/Ti/Mn/Mo compounds were developed at a pilot scale to improve the corrosion resistance of the AA2024-T3 and AA7075-T6 aluminum alloys for aircraft applications. The influence of the presence of Zr and Ti in the Zr/Ti/Mn/Mo conversion bath's formulation on the corrosion resistance of the coated alloys was investigated. The corrosion resistance provided by the conversion coatings was evaluated by salt spray exposure and potentiodynamic sweeps. Optical and scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM/EDS) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) operating in the Kelvin Probe mode (SKPFM) were used to provide microstructural information of the coated samples that achieved the best results in the corrosion tests. The salt spray test evidenced the higher corrosion resistance of the coated samples compared to the bare surfaces for both alloys. The potentiodynamic tests showed that the corrosion current density decreased for coated AA7075-T6 and AA2024-T3 alloys, which indicated an obvious improvement of the corrosion resistance with all the processes for both alloys. Although the corrosion resistance of the coated samples appeared to be higher for the alloy AA7075-T6 than for the alloy AA2024-T3, both alloys achieved the best corrosion protection with the coatings deposited from conversion bath formulations containing no titanium salts. The microscopy analysis on the coated AA7075-T6 samples revealed that a local deposition of Zr compounds and, possibly, an

Effects of phase constitution of Zr-Nb alloys on their magnetic susceptibilities

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Nomura, Naoyuki; Tanaka, Yuko; Suyalatu; Kondo, Ryota; Doi, Hisashi; Tsutsumi, Yusuke; Hanawa, Takao

2009-01-01

The magnetic susceptibilities and microstructures of Zr-Nb binary alloys were investigated to develop a new metallic biomaterial with a low magnetic susceptibility for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The magnetic susceptibility was measured with a magnetic susceptibility balance, and the microstructure was evaluated with an X-ray diffractometer (XRD), an optical microscope (OM), and a transmission electron microscope (TEM). Zr-Nb alloys as-cast showed a minimum value of magnetic susceptibility between 3 and 9 mass% Nb, and the value abruptly increased up to 20 mass% Nb, followed by a gradual increase with the increase of the Nb content. XRD, OM, and TEM revealed that the minimum value of the susceptibility was closely related to the appearance of the athermal ω phase in the β phase. Since the magnetic susceptibility of Zr-3Nb alloy consisting of an α' phase was as low as that of Zr-9Nb alloy consisting of the β and ω phases, that of the ω phase was lower than that of the α' and β phases. When Zr-16Nb alloy was heat-treated, the isothermal ω phase appeared, and, simultaneously, the magnetic susceptibility decreased. Therefore, the ω phase contributes to the decrease of the magnetic susceptibility, independently of the formation process of the ω phase. The magnetic susceptibility of the Zr-3Nb alloy as-cast was almost one-third that of Ti-6Al-4V alloy, which is commonly used for medical implant devices. Zr-Nb alloys are useful for medical devices used under MRI. (author)

51Cr diffusion in Zr-Sn alloys

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Nicolai, L.I.; Migoni, R.L.; Hojvat de Tendler, Ruth

1982-01-01

The 51 Cr volume diffusion in Zr-Sn alloys is measured in polycrystals with big grains by the thin-film method. The Sn content in the alloys ranges from 0.39% at to 6.66 % at. In the beta-phase the analysed temperature range is 982 deg C-1240 deg C. The Sn dehances the 51 Cr diffusion in beta-Zr, the effect being small but well defined. Assuming the formation of Sn-Cr dimers, the linear dehancement coefficient b and the parameters for the variation of b with temperature were calculated. The parameters Q and D o were calculated for the more diluted alloys and, upon application of the Zener theory for D o , a negative contribution to the activation entropy is found. Three experiments at different temperatures were performed in the alpha-phase. 51 Cr diffuses very fast in alpha-Zr-Sn. No definite correlation is found between the 51 Cr diffusivity and the increasing Sn concentration, probably due to the anisotropy of the alfa-phase. (M.E.L.) [es

Fabrication by powder metallurgy of the niobium based alloy Nb-1-Zr

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Marty, M.; Delaunay, C.; Walder, A.

1989-01-01

The Nb-1Zr alloy has been produced by the powder metallurgy technique. Production of powders was performed by centrifugal atomization with the rotating electrode process (REP) under an inert atmosphere of argon-helium. Alloy powders were characterized by granulometric spectra, oxygen content and the various types of structures which were found. After consolidation by extrusion, materials were evaluated by tensile test under vacuum at ambient temperature, 750 and 900 0 C and compared with the same alloy elaborated by ingot metallurgy. 8 refs., 9 figs. (Author)

High-temperature deformation of dispersion-strengthened Cu-Zr-Ti-C alloys

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Palma, Rodrigo H.; Sepulveda, Aquiles; Espinoza, Rodrigo; Dianez, M. Jesus; Criado, Jose M.; Sayagues, M. Jesus

2005-01-01

The hot mechanical behaviour and microstructure of Cu-5 vol.% TiC, Cu-5 vol.% ZrO 2 and Cu-2.5 vol.% TiC-2.5 vol.% ZrO 2 alloys prepared by reaction milling were studied. After a test of 1 h annealing at 1173 K, the Cu-5 vol.% ZrO 2 alloy presented the lower softening resistance to annealing, while the other two ones kept their initial room-temperature hardness (about 2 GPa). Hot-compression tests at 773 and 1123 K, at initial true strain rates of 0.85 x 10 -3 and 0.85 x 10 -4 s -1 were performed. The Cu-2.5 vol.% TiC-2.5 vol.% ZrO 2 and the Cu-5 vol.% ZrO 2 alloys were the strongest and softest materials, respectively. Moreover, by electron microscopy, nanometric TiC and micrometric particles were detected in the Cu-5 vol.% TiC and Cu-5 vol.% ZrO 2 alloys, respectively. A possible explanation for the observed behaviour of these materials is proposed. In the compression tests, it was also found that strain rate has a low effect on flow stress, as it has been previously observed by various authors in dispersion-strengthened alloys deformed at high temperatures

Structure and mechanical properties of TiZr binary alloy after Al addition

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Jiang, X.J.; Jing, R.; Liu, C.Y.; Ma, M.Z.; Liu, R.P.

2013-01-01

Microstructure and mechanical properties of hot-rolled TiZrAl alloys were studied. The results showed that the microstructure of all alloys mainly consisted of lamellar α phase. The thickness of the lamellar α phase gradually increased with increasing aluminum content. Moreover, large numbers of stacking faults was observed in Ti–25Zr–15Al (at%) alloy. The aluminum addition strongly affected the mechanical properties of the TiZrAl alloys. With increased aluminum contents, the strength increased evidently, whereas, the elongation decreased. Ti–25Zr–15Al (at%) with the highest aluminum contents in all alloys, possessed the highest tensile strength (σ b =1319 MPa), i.e. strengthened by 41% compared with Ti–25Zr (at%) alloy, and still retained the elongation of 5.5%. According to the classical size and/or modulus misfits model, the effect of aluminum addition was significant in TiZr alloys because of the considerable misfits between aluminum and zirconium

Atomic bonding and mechanical properties of Al-Mg-Zr-Sc alloy

Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

高英俊; 班冬梅; 韩永剑; 钟夏平; 刘慧

2004-01-01

The valence electron structures of Al-Mg alloy with minor Sc and Zr were calculated according to the empirical electron theory(EET) in solid. The results show that because of the strong interaction of Al atom with Zr and Sc atom in melting during solidification, the Al3 Sc and Al3 (Sc1-xZrx) particles which act as heterogeneous nuclear are firstly crystallized in alloy to make grains refine. In progress of solidification, the Al-Sc, Al-Zr-Sc segregation regions are formed in solid solution matrix of Al-Mg alloy owing to the strong interaction of Al atom with Zr, Scatoms in bulk of alloy, so in the following homogenization treatment, the finer dispersed Al3 Sc and Al3 (Sc1-x Zrx) second-particles which are coherence with the matrix are precipitated in the segregation region. These finer second particles with the strong Al-Zr, Al-Sc covalent bonds can strengthen the covalent bonds in matrix of the alloy, and also enhance the hardness and strength of Al-Mg alloy. Those finer second-particles precipitated in interface of sub-grains can also strengthen the covalence bonds there, and effectively hinder the interface of sub-grains from migrating and restrain the sub-grains from growing, and cause better thermal stability of Al-Mg alloy.

Precipitation behaviors of cubic and tetragonal Zr–rich phase in Al–(Si–)Zr alloys

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Gao, Tong [Australian Centre for Microscopy & Microanalysis, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006 (Australia); Key Laboratory of Liquid–Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250061 (China); Ceguerra, Anna; Breen, Andrew [Australian Centre for Microscopy & Microanalysis, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006 (Australia); Liu, Xiangfa; Wu, Yuying [Key Laboratory of Liquid–Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250061 (China); Ringer, Simon, E-mail: simon.ringer@sydney.edu.au [Australian Centre for Microscopy & Microanalysis, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006 (Australia)

2016-07-25

The precipitation behaviors of Zr–rich phase in binary Al–0.5Zr and ternary Al–3Si–0.5Zr alloys were investigated by high resolution transmission electron microscopy and atom probe. After the alloys were aged at 525 °C for 24 h, the precipitates in Al–0.5Zr alloy are identified as L1{sub 2}–ZrAl{sub 3}, performing a coherent relationship with the Al matrix. While in Al–3Si–0.5Zr alloy, the precipitates are Si–containing D0{sub 23}–Zr(Al,Si){sub 3}, which has an approximate 90° reversed cube–on–cube orientation relationship with Al. It is regarded that Si accelerates the precipitation of D0{sub 23}–Zr(Al,Si){sub 3}. - Highlights: • L1{sub 2}–ZrAl{sub 3} and D0{sub 23}–Zr(Al, Si){sub 3} particles precipitate in Al–Zr and Al–Si–Zr alloys. • D0{sub 23}–Zr(Al, Si){sub 3} performs an approximate 90° reversed cube–on–cube orientation relationship with Al. • Si accelerates the precipitation process of D0{sub 23}–Zr(Al,Si){sub 3}.

Superconductivity and NMR investigations of amorphous Be-Nb-Zr and Be-Mo-Zr alloys

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Goebbels, J.; Lueders, K.; Freyhardt, H.C.; Reichelt, J.

1981-01-01

9 Be NMR investigations and measurements of the superconducting properties and the resistivity are reported for amorphous Besub(32.5)Nbsub(x)Zrsub(67.5-x) and Besub(32.5)Mosub(x)Zrsub(67.5-x) alloys (x = 2.5; 5; 7). Line width analysis suggests an enlarged Nb concentration around the Be sites for the Be-Nb-Zr alloys. Comparing the two types of alloys the Knight shifts are of the same order of magnitude whereas the Tsub(c) and Bsub(c) 2 (0) values are slightly smaller than for the Nb alloys. For Be-Nb-Zr Tsub(c) and K increases with the Nb content. The results are discussed in connection with the density of states N(Esub(F)). (orig.)

Features of ultrafine-grained structure forming in Zr-1Nb alloy

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Stepanova, Ekaterina N.; Prosolov, Konstantin A. [National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk (Russian Federation); Grabovetskaya, Galina P.; Mishin, Ivan P. [Institute of Strength Physics and Materials Science of Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk (Russian Federation)

2013-07-01

Ultrafine-grained structure forming by the method combined reversible hydrogenation and hot pressing in Zr-1Nb alloy was investigated. Preliminary hydrogenation to concentrations of (0.14–0.4) % at 873 K is found to lead to yield strength decreasing in Zr-1Nb alloy during hot pressing by 1,5–2 times. During uniaxial compression at (70–72) % under isothermal conditions at a temperature of 873 K in Zr-1Nb alloy, hydrogenated to concentration of 0.22 %, homogeneous ultrafine grained structure with an average grain size of 0,4 P m was formed. Key words: zirconium alloy, ultrafine-grained structure, hydrogen.

Hydrogen storage behavior of ZrCo1-xNix alloys

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Jat, Ram Avtar; Parida, S.C.; Agarwal, Renu; Kulkarni, S.G.

2012-01-01

Intermetallic compound ZrCo is proposed as a candidate material for storage, supply and recovery of hydrogen isotopes in International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) Storage and Delivery System (SDS). However, it has been reported that upon repeated hydriding-dehydriding cycles, ZrCo undergoes disproportionation as per the reaction; 2ZrCo + H 2 ↔ ZrH 2 + ZrCO 2 . This results in reduction in hydrogen storage capacity of ZrCo, which is not a desirable property for SDS. Konishi et al. reported that the disproportionation reaction can be suppressed by decreasing the desorption temperature. It is anticipated that suitable ternary alloying of ZrCo can elevated the hydrogen equilibrium pressure and hence decrease the desorption temperature for supply of 100 kPa of hydrogen. In this study, we have investigated the effect of Ni content on the hydrogenation behavior of ZrCo 1-x Ni x alloys

X-ray study of rapidly cooled ribbons of Al-Cr-Zr and Al-Ni-Y-Cr-Zr alloys

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Betsofen, S.Ya.; Osintsev, O.E.; Lutsenko, A.N.; Konkevich, V.Yu.

2002-01-01

One investigated into phase composition, lattice spacing and structure of rapidly cooled 25-200 μm gauge strips made of Al-4,1Cr-3,2Zr and Al-1,5Cr-1,5Zr-4Ni-3Y alloys, wt. %, produced by melt spinning to a water-cooled copper disk. In Al-4,1Cr-3,2Zr alloy one detected intermetallic phases: Al 3 Zr and two Al 86 Cr 14 composition icosahedral phases apart from aluminium solid solution with 4.040-4.043 A lattice spacing. In Al-1,5Cr-1,5Zr-4Ni-3Y alloy one identified two Al 86 Cr 14 icosahedral phases and two AlNiY and Al 3 Y yttrium-containing ones, lattice spacing of aluminium solid solution was equal to 4.052-4.053 A [ru

Microstructural and thermophysical properties of U–6 wt.%Zr alloy for fast reactor application

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kaity, Santu; Banerjee, Joydipta; Nair, M.R.; Ravi, K.; Dash, Smruti; Kutty, T.R.G.; Kumar, Arun; Singh, R.P.

2012-01-01

Highlights: ► Characterization of U–6%Zr alloy prepared by injection casting route. ► Martensitic to non-martensitic transformation of U–6%Zr alloy occurs at 843 K. ► Specific heat versus temperature curve shows a phase transition at 845 K. ► Average coefficient of thermal expansion is 18.28 × 10 −6 K −1 (298–823 K). ► Hardness versus temperature plot shows a transition at 748 K. - Abstract: The microstructural and high temperature behavior of U–6 wt.%Zr alloy has been investigated in this study. U–6 wt.%Zr alloy sample for this study was prepared by following injection casting route. The thermophysical properties like coefficient of thermal expansion, specific heat, thermal conductivity of the above alloy were determined. The hot-hardness data of the U–6 wt.%Zr alloy was also generated from room temperature to 973 K. Apart from that, the fuel-clad chemical compatibility with T91 grade steel was also studied by diffusion couple experiment. No studies have been reported on U–6 wt.%Zr alloy. This paper aims at filling up the gap on characterization and thermophysical property evaluation of U–6 wt.%Zr alloy.

Potentiodynamic polarization studies of bulk amorphous alloy Zr57Cu15.4Ni12.6Al10Nb5 and Zr59Cu20Ni8Al10Ti3 in aqueous HNO3 media

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sharma, Poonam; Dhawan, Anil; Jayraj, J.; Kamachi Mudali, U.

2013-01-01

The potentiodynamic polarization studies were carried out on Zr based bulk amorphous alloy Zr 57 Cu 15.4 Ni 12.6 Al 10 Nb 5 and Zr 59 Cu 20 Ni 8 Al 10 Ti 3 in solutions of 1 M, 6 M and 11.5 M HNO 3 aqueous media at room temperature. As received specimens of Zr 57 Cu 15.4 Ni 12.6 Al 10 Nb 5 (5 mm diameter rod) and Zr 59 Cu 20 Ni 8 Al 10 Ti 3 (3 mm diameter rod) were polished with SiC paper before testing them for potentiodynamic polarization studies. The amorphous nature of the specimens was checked by X-ray diffraction. The bulk amorphous alloy Zr 59 Cu 20 Ni 8 Al 10 Ti 3 shows the better corrosion resistance than Zr 57 Cu 15.4 Ni 12.6 Al 10 Nb 5 alloy in the aqueous HNO 3 media as the value of the corrosion current density (I corr ) for Zr 57 Cu 15.4 Ni 12.6 Al 10 Nb 5 alloy were found to be more than Zr 59 Cu 20 Ni 8 Al 10 Ti 3 alloy in aqueous HNO 3 media. The improved corrosion resistance of Zr 59 Cu 20 Ni 8 Al 10 Ti 3 alloy is possibly due to the presence of Ti and formation of TiO 2 during anodic oxidation. Both Zr based bulk amorphous alloys shows wider passive range at lower concentration of nitric acid and the passive region gets narrowed down with the increase in concentration. A comparison of data obtained from both the Zr-based bulk amorphous alloys is made and results are discussed in the paper. (author)

Formation and stability of Fe-rich precipitates in dilute Zr(Fe) single-crystal alloys

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zou, H.; Hood, G.M.; Roy, J.A.; Schultz, R.J.

1993-02-01

The formation and stability of Fe-rich precipitates in two α-Zr(Fe) single-crystal alloys with nominal compositions (I, 50 ppma Fe, and II, 650 ppma Fe) have been investigated (the maximum solid solubility of Fe in α-Zr is 180 ppma - 800 C). Optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) have been used to examine the characteristics of Fe-rich precipitates. SEM and TEM micrographs show that in as-grown alloy II, Zr 2 Fe precipitates are located at 'stringers'. Precipitates were not observed in as-grown alloy I. During annealing, below the solvus, Fe diffuses to the surfaces to form Zr 3 Fe precipitates in both alloys. The precipitates on the surfaces of alloy I tend to be star-like (0001) or pyramidal (1010), and their distribution is heterogeneous. Dissolution of Zr 3 Fe surface precipitates of alloy I (annealing above the solvus) leaves precipitate-like features on the surfaces. Zr 2 Fe precipitates in as-grown alloy II can be dissolved only by β-phase annealing. (Author) 8 figs., 18 refs

Alpha and beta stabilizer character of Al in Zr-Nb-Al alloys

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Peruzzi Bardella, A.; Bolcich, J.C.

1987-01-01

The T β/α+β of Zr5Nb and Zr5Nb2Al (weight %) were determined in order to observe the alpha-stabilizer character of Al in ternary Zr-Nb-Al alloys. Techniques employed were change of resistivity with temperature in dynamic experiences, and metallography of samples quenched to room temperature after isothermal annealings. The T β/α+β of the ternary resulted 17 ± 8 deg C higher than that of the binary alloy. In addition, taking into account the results of previous investigations of the transformation of beta on quenching Zr-Nb-Al alloys from the beta field to room temperature, it is concluded that the beta-stabilizer character of Nb is stronger than the alpha-stabilizer character of Al in these Zr alloys, and that the Al can have important influence on the mechanical properties by the appearance of TRIP effect. (Author) [es

U-Zr alloy: XPS and TEM study of surface passivation

Science.gov (United States)

Paukov, M.; Tkach, I.; Huber, F.; Gouder, T.; Cieslar, M.; Drozdenko, D.; Minarik, P.; Havela, L.

2018-05-01

Surface reactivity of Uranium metal is an important factor limiting its practical applications. Bcc alloys of U with various transition metals are much less reactive than pure Uranium. So as to specify the mechanism of surface protection, we have been studying the U-20 at.% Zr alloy by photoelectron spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The surface was studied in as-obtained state, in various stages of surface cleaning, and during an isochronal annealing cycle. The analysis based on U-4f, Zr-3p, and O-1 s spectra shows that a Zr-rich phase segregates at the surface at temperatures exceeding 550 K, which provides a self-assembled coating. The comparison of oxygen exposure of the stoichiometric and coated surfaces shows that the coating is efficiently preventing the oxidation of uranium even at elevated temperatures. The coating can be associated with the UZr2+x phase. TEM study indicated that the coating is about 20 nm thick. For the clean state, the U-4f core-level lines of the bcc alloy are practically identical to those of α-U, revealing similar delocalization of the 5f electronic states.

(V,Nb)-doped half Heusler alloys based on {Ti,Zr,Hf}NiSn with high ZT

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Rogl, G.; Sauerschnig, P.; Rykavets, Z.; Romaka, V.V.; Heinrich, P.; Hinterleitner, B.; Grytsiv, A.; Bauer, E.; Rogl, P.

2017-01-01

Half Heusler alloys are among the most promising materials for thermoelectric generators as they can be used in a wide temperature range and their starting materials are abundant and cheap, the latter as long as no hafnium is involved. For Sb-doped Ti 0.5 Zr 0.25 Hf 0.25 NiSn Sakurada and Shutoh in 2008 have published ZT max  = 1.5 at 690 K, a value that hitherto was never reproduced independently. In this paper we successfully prepared Ti 0.5 Zr 0.25 Hf 0.25 NiSn with ZT max  = 1.5, however, at higher temperature (825 K). As the main goal is to produce hafnium – free half Heusler alloys, we investigated the influence of niobium or vanadium dopants on Ti x Zr 1−x NiSn 0.98 Sb 0.02 , reaching ZTs > 1.2 and thermal-electric conversion efficiencies up to 13.1%. For Hf-free n-type TiNiSn-based half Heusler alloys these values are unsurpassed. In order to further improve our thermoelectric materials our study is completed by electrical resistivity and thermal conductivity data in the low temperature range but also by mechanical properties (elastic moduli, hardness) at room temperature. The electrical properties have been discussed in comparison with DFT calculations.

Electrochemical Properties of Hydrogen-Storage Alloys ZrMn{sub 2}Ni{sub x} and ZrMnNi{sub 1+x} for Ni-MH Secondary Battery

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Park, Hye Ryoung [Faculty of Applied Chemistry, Chonnam National University, Kwangju (Korea); Kwon, Ik Hyun [Automobile High-Technology Research Institute, Division of Advanced Materials Engineering, Chonbuk National University, Chonju (Korea)

2001-04-01

In order to improve the performance of AB{sub 2}-type hydrogen-storage alloys for Ni-MH secondary battery, AB{sub 2}-type alloys, ZrMn{sub 2}Ni{sub x}(x=0.0, 0.3, 0.6, 0.9 and 1.2) and ZrMnNi{sub 1+x}(x=0.0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3 and 0.4) were prepared as the Zr-Mn-Ni three component alloys. The hydrogen-storage and the electrochemical properties were investigated. The C14 Laves phase formed in all alloys of ZrMn{sub 2}Ni{sub x}(x=0.0 {approx} 1.2). The equilibrium plateau pressure of the alloy, ZrMn{sub 2}Ni{sub 0.6}-H{sub 2} system, was about 0.5 atm at 30 degree C. Among these alloys, ZrMn{sub 2}Ni{sub 0.6} was the easiest to activate, and it had the largest discharge capacity as well as the best cycling performance. The C14 Laves phase also formed in all alloys of ZrMnNi{sub 1+x}(x=0.0 {approx} 0.4). The equilibrium plateau pressure of the alloy, ZrMnNi{sub 1.0}-H{sub 2} system, was about 0.45 atm at 30 degree C. Among these alloys, ZrMnNi{sub 1.0} was the easiest to activate, taking only 3 charge-discharge cycles, and it had the largest discharge capacity of 42 mAh/g. Among these alloys, ZrMn{sub 2}Ni{sub x}(x=0.0 {approx} 1.2) and ZrMnNi{sub 1+x}(x=0.0 {approx} 0.4), ZrMnNi{sub 1.0} had the largest discharge capacity (maximum value of 42 mAh/g), and it showed the fastest activation and good cycling performance. 23 refs., 4 figs., 2 tabs.

Precipitation hardening in dilute Al–Zr alloys

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Pedro Henrique Lamarão Souza

2018-01-01

Full Text Available The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of solute content (hipoperitectic Al–0.22 wt.%Zr and hiperperitectic Al–0.32 wt.%Zr on the precipitation hardening and microstructural evolution of dilute Al–Zr alloys isothermally aged. The materials were conventionally cast in a muffle furnace, solidified in a water-cooled Cu mold and subsequently heat-treated at the temperature of 650 K (377 °C for 4, 12, 24, 100 and 400 h. Mechanical characterization was performed at room temperature, using a microhardness tester and microstructural characterization was carried out on a Transmission Electron Microscope – TEM. The observed microhardness values increased during isothermal aging, due to the precipitation of nanometer-scale Al3Zr L12 particles. Peak strength was achieved within 100 h of aging. After aging for 400 h, microhardness values presented a slight decrease for both alloys, thus indicating overaging due to the coalescence of precipitates. Microhardness values increased with solute content, due to the precipitation of a higher number density of finer precipitates. After 400 h of heat-treating, coalescence was higher for the alloy with lower solute content and, also, the presence of antiphase boundaries – APBs, planar faults associated with the L12 to D023 structural transition, were observed. Comparing theoretical calculations of the increment in strength due to precipitation strengthening with experimental results, it was observed that their values are in reasonable agreement. The Orowan dislocation looping mechanism takes place during precipitation hardening for both alloys in the peak hardness condition.

Search for high entropy alloys in the X-NbTaTiZr systems (X = Al, Cr, V, Sn)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Poletti, Marco Gabriele, E-mail: marcogabriele.poletti@unito.it [Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Torino, Via P. Giuria 7, 10125 Torino (Italy); Fiore, Gianluca [Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Torino, Via P. Giuria 7, 10125 Torino (Italy); Szost, Blanka A. [Strategic and Emerging Technologies Team (TEC-TS), European Space Agency, ESTEC, 1 Keplerlaan, 2201 AZ Noordwijk (Netherlands); Battezzati, Livio [Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Torino, Via P. Giuria 7, 10125 Torino (Italy)

2015-01-25

Highlights: • Composition of refractory high entropy alloys predicted. • Solid solutions found in VNbTaTiZr and AlNbTaTiZr. • Alloys containing Cr and Sn are multi-phased. - Abstract: High entropy alloys, i.e. solid solution phases, are sought in the X-NbTaTiZr equiatomic system where the X element was chosen as Al, Cr, V and Sn by applying recent criteria based on size and electronegativity mismatch of alloy components, number of itinerant and total valence electrons, and the temperature at which the free energy of mixing changes at the alloy composition. The alloys containing V and Al are mostly constituted by solid solutions in good agreement with prediction.

Zirconium hydrides and Fe redistribution in Zr-2.5%Nb alloy under ion irradiation

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Idrees, Y.; Yao, Z. [Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Queen' s University, Kingston, ON, Canada, K7L 3N6 (Canada); Cui, J.; Shek, G.K. [Kinetrics, Mississauga, ON (Canada); Daymond, M.R., E-mail: daymond@queensu.ca [Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Queen' s University, Kingston, ON, Canada, K7L 3N6 (Canada)

2016-11-15

Zr-2.5%Nb alloy is used to fabricate the pressure tubes of the CANDU reactor. The pressure tube is the primary pressure boundary for coolant in the CANDU design and is susceptible to delayed hydride cracking, reduction in fracture toughness upon hydride precipitation and potentially hydride blister formation. The morphology and nature of hydrides in Zr-2.5%Nb with 100 wppm hydrogen has been investigated using transmission electron microscopy. The effect of hydrides on heavy ion irradiation induced decomposition of the β phase has been reported. STEM-EDX mapping was employed to investigate the distribution of alloying elements. The results show that hydrides are present in the form of stacks of different sizes, with length scales from nano- to micro-meters. Heavy ion irradiation experiments at 250 °C on as-received and hydrided Zr-2.5%Nb alloy, show interesting effects of hydrogen on the irradiation induced redistribution of Fe. It was found that Fe is widely redistributed from the β phase into the α phase in the as-received material, however, the loss of Fe from the β phase and subsequent precipitation is retarded in the hydrided material. This preliminary work will further the current understanding of microstructural evolution of Zr based alloys in the presence of hydrogen. - Graphical abstract: STEM HAADF micrographs at low magnification showing the hydride structure in Zr-2.5Nb alloy.

Structure and mechanical properties of as-cast (ZrTi){sub 100−x}B{sub x} alloys

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Xia, C.Q.; Jiang, X.J.; Wang, X.Y.; Zhou, Y.K.; Feng, Z.H. [State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004 (China); Tan, C.L. [Beijing Institute of Spacecraft System Engineering, Beijing 100094 (China); Ma, M.Z. [State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004 (China); Liu, R.P., E-mail: riping@ysu.edu.cn [State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004 (China)

2015-07-15

Highlights: • Trace boron additions result in significant grain refinement. • Large numbers of stacking faults are observed in ZrB{sub 2} and TiB intermetallics. • The tensile strength is enhanced by increasing the amount of B. • Intermetallics microcracking causes the failure of the alloys. - Abstract: The microstructure, mechanical properties, and fracture characteristics of (Zr{sub 50}Ti{sub 50}){sub 100−x}B{sub x} alloys (x = 0, 0.5, 1, 2 at.%) obtained by casting were investigated. Trace additions of boron (B) to the Zr{sub 50}Ti{sub 50} alloys induced significant microstructural changes. Changes included the promotion of dendritic growth and refinement in prior-β grain and α′-lath size. Large numbers of stacking faults were also observed in ZrB{sub 2} and TiB intermetallics. The location of B atoms and the lattice mismatch energy between intermetallics and matrix were responsible for the stacking faults. (ZrTi)B alloys demonstrated higher tensile strength than matrix material. Both the intermetallics with high strength and modulus and the grain refinement played important roles in improving the mechanical properties of alloys. This result could be explained in terms of a shear-lag model based on the load transfer concept and Hall–Petch mechanism. The elongation-to-failure of (ZrTi)B alloys decreased with increased B concentration. The reduction in elongation-to-failure of (ZrTi)B alloys could be attributed to the presence of ZrB{sub 2} and TiB intermetallics and refinement of α′-laths.

Preparation and characterization of Zr-based bulk metallic glasses in form of plate

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Pilarczyk, Wirginia

2014-01-01

Highlights: • Zr-based BMGs in form of plate was successful produced by die pressure casting method. • Many techniques have been used to characterize the structure of Zr 55 Cu 30 Ni 5 Al 10 alloy. • The calculated GFA parameters show that the alloy exhibits satisfactory GFA. • The studies reveal that tested as-cast Zr-based alloy is in amorphous state. - Abstract: Zr-based bulk metallic glasses present an interesting combination of physical, chemical and mechanical properties. During the last decade, intensive progress has been made and a number of applications have been suggested for these materials. In order to successfully apply these materials, it is necessary to accurately characterize their structure, thermal stability and other properties accurately. The aim of the presented work is the manufacturing, examination of the structure of selected Zr-based bulk metallic alloys and confirmation of an amorphous structure using X-ray analysis, microscopic observation and thermal analysis. In this work, the Zr-based bulk metallic glasses in form of plate was successful produced by die pressure casting method. Designed scientific station for casting zirconium based amorphous alloys in the form of plates and rods with selected dimensions is in our university a comprehensive method for achieving amorphous materials which enables us to maintain repeatability of as-cast samples with the amorphous structure and the assumed dimensions range. The diffraction pattern and exothermic reaction as well as the fracture surface morphology reveal that studied as-cast Zr-based alloy is in amorphous state. The calculated GFA parameters show that the alloy exhibits satisfactory glass-forming ability in form of studied plate. These obtained values can suggest that studied alloys are suitable materials for further planned practical application at welding process. The success of Zr-based bulk metallic glasses production in form of plate with obtained sizes is important for future

Preparation and characterization of Zr-based bulk metallic glasses in form of plate

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Pilarczyk, Wirginia, E-mail: wirginia.pilarczyk@polsl.pl

2014-12-05

Highlights: • Zr-based BMGs in form of plate was successful produced by die pressure casting method. • Many techniques have been used to characterize the structure of Zr{sub 55}Cu{sub 30}Ni{sub 5}Al{sub 10} alloy. • The calculated GFA parameters show that the alloy exhibits satisfactory GFA. • The studies reveal that tested as-cast Zr-based alloy is in amorphous state. - Abstract: Zr-based bulk metallic glasses present an interesting combination of physical, chemical and mechanical properties. During the last decade, intensive progress has been made and a number of applications have been suggested for these materials. In order to successfully apply these materials, it is necessary to accurately characterize their structure, thermal stability and other properties accurately. The aim of the presented work is the manufacturing, examination of the structure of selected Zr-based bulk metallic alloys and confirmation of an amorphous structure using X-ray analysis, microscopic observation and thermal analysis. In this work, the Zr-based bulk metallic glasses in form of plate was successful produced by die pressure casting method. Designed scientific station for casting zirconium based amorphous alloys in the form of plates and rods with selected dimensions is in our university a comprehensive method for achieving amorphous materials which enables us to maintain repeatability of as-cast samples with the amorphous structure and the assumed dimensions range. The diffraction pattern and exothermic reaction as well as the fracture surface morphology reveal that studied as-cast Zr-based alloy is in amorphous state. The calculated GFA parameters show that the alloy exhibits satisfactory glass-forming ability in form of studied plate. These obtained values can suggest that studied alloys are suitable materials for further planned practical application at welding process. The success of Zr-based bulk metallic glasses production in form of plate with obtained sizes is

Structure, mechanical properties and grindability of dental Ti-10Zr-X alloys

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ho, W.-F.; Cheng, C.-H.; Pan, C.-H.; Wu, S.-C.; Hsu, H.-C.

2009-01-01

This study aimed to investigate the structure, mechanical properties and grindability of a binary Ti-Zr alloy added to a series of alloying elements (Nb, Mo, Cr and Fe). The phase and structure of Ti-10Zr-X alloys were evaluated using an X-ray diffraction (XRD) for phase analysis and optical microscope for microstructure of the etched alloys. Three-point bending tests were performed using a desk-top mechanical tester. Grindability was evaluated by measuring the amount of metal volume removed after grinding for 1 min at each of the four rotational speeds of the wheel (500, 750, 1000 or 1200 m/min). Results were compared with c.p. Ti, which was chosen as a control. Results indicated that the phase/crystal structure, microstructure, mechanical properties and grindability of the Ti-10Zr alloy can be significantly changed by adding small amounts of alloying elements. The alloying elements Nb, Mo, Cr and Fe contributed significantly to increasing the grinding ratio under all grinding conditions, although the grinding rate of all the metals was found to be largely dependent on grinding speed. The Ti-10Zr-1Mo alloy showed increases in microhardness (63%), bending strength (40%), bending modulus (30%) and elastic recovery angle (180%) over those of c.p. Ti, and was also found to have better grindability. The Ti-10Zr-1Mo alloy could therefore be used for prosthetic dental applications if other conditions necessary for dental casting are met

Electron microscopy investigations of rapidly solidified Fe-Zr-B-Cu alloys

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Majumdar, B.; Arvindha Babu, D.; Akhtar, D.

2010-01-01

Rapidly solidified Fe-based nanocrystalline soft magnetic materials possess a unique combination of properties i,e high permeability, saturation and Curie temperature and very low coercivity which are otherwise not attainable in conventional soft magnetic materials. The alloys are processed by producing amorphous phase through melt spinning route followed by a partial devitrification for incorporation of nanocrystalline phase in the amorphous matrix. In this paper, detailed electron microscopic investigations of melt spun Fe-Zr-B-Cu alloys are presented. Melt spun ribbons of Fe 99-x-y Zr x BCu 1 alloys with x+y = 11 and x+y = 13 were prepared under different wheel speed conditions and then vacuum annealed for 1 h at different temperatures. The microstructure changes from completely amorphous to a cellular/dendritic bcc solid solution coexisting with the amorphous phase at intercellular/dendritic regions when Zr/B ratio or the process parameters are varied. Annealing leads to the precipitation of nanocrystalline bcc-Fe phase from both amorphous phase and already existing bcc solid solution. (author)

Microstructural characterization of Zr1Nb alloy after hot rolling

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Souza, A.C. [Universidade Estadual do Mato Grosso do Sul (UEMS), MS (Brazil); Rossi, J.L.; Martinez, L.G.; Mucsi, C.S. [Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares (IPEN/CNEN-SP), São Paulo, SP (Brazil); Tsakiropoulos, P. [University of Sheffield (United Kingdom); Ceoni, F.C.; Grandini, C.R. [Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP), SP (Brazil)

2016-07-01

Full text: The different research lines within the scope in engineering and materials science have developed new materials that can be used in different industrial sectors, such as, energy, health and transportation. For the nuclear industry, for example, the Zr alloys, are of great interest due to its good mechanical properties, excellent corrosion resistance and above all, the high permeability to thermal neutrons. In the health sector, the zirconium poses one of the lowest Young's modulus when compared to other metallic biomaterials, e.g., pure Zr is 68 GPa, bone mineral hydroxyapatite is 80 GPa, for Ti alloys is 90 GPa and above, for Nb is 105 GPa and stainless steels above 189 GPa. This is particularly important for implants in bones, whose elasticity modulus can reach 30 GPa and it is desirable an as close match as possible. However, the zirconium alloys, have great chemical affinity with oxygen and nitrogen. Moreover, oxides and nitrides may form during the melting process, heat treatment and hot rolling, changing the physic-chemical properties of the alloy. This experimental work shows the results of the evolution of the microstructure after hot rolling of the Zr1Nb alloy. It was possible to confirm the absence of formation of oxides and nitrides, thus confirming the of the experimental method of melting and hot rolling of the Zr1Nb alloy. (author)

Effect of Zr on the Corrosion Properties of Mg-Li-Al Alloy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kim, Soon Ho; Choi, Sang Hyun; Kim, In Bae; Kim, Kyung Hyun

1994-01-01

Effect of Zr on the electrochemical corrosion characteristics of Mg-Li-Al alloy has been investigated by means of potentiodynamic polarization study. The electrochemical behaviors were evaluated in 0.03% NaCl solution and the solution buffered with KH 2 PO 5 · NaOH at room temperature. It was found that the addition of very small quantity of Zr (0.03wt%) in Mg-Li-Al alloy increased corrosion rates and amount of corrosion products and decreased the pitting resistance of the alloy. From the results it was concluded that Zr which is added to increase the strength of Mg-Li-Al alloy is harmful to corrosion properties of the alloy

Ti-25Ta-Zr alloys for biomedical applications

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kuroda, Pedro Akira Bazaglia; Quadros, Fernanda Freitas; Grandini, Carlos Roberto, E-mail: pedro@fc.unesp.br [Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP), Bauru, SP (Brazil). Faculdade de Ciencias

2016-07-01

Full text: The most widely used titanium alloy for biomedical applications is Ti-6Al-4V, however, previous studies showed that vanadium cause allergic reactions in human tissue and aluminum has been associated with neurological disorders. Then, to solve this problem, new titanium alloys without the presence of these elements are being developed, with the addition of different elements, usually the β-stabilizers, which can change its microstructure and mechanical properties, and may make the titanium and its alloys, most promising for use as biomaterial. In this paper the development and characterization of Ti-25Ta-(10-40)Zr alloys, for biomedical applications are discussed. X-ray diffraction results show the coexistence of α', α” and β phases, which are corroborated by SEM results. The results of microhardness and elastic modulus present an anomaly for the alloy with 10 wt% Zr, due, probably the presence of ω phase. (author)

Effect of processing variables on microstructure and properties of two Al-Li-Cu-Mg-Zr alloys

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Palmer, I.G.; Lewis, R.E.; Crooks, D.D.

1984-01-01

Two Al-Li-Cu-Mg-Zr alloys have been prepared in the form of both powder metallurgy (PM) and ingot metallurgy (IM) alloys. The compositions were selected to meet certain program goals based on the results of an alloy development phase, the details of which have been previously published. The target compositions were Al-3Li-1.5Cu-1Mg-0.2Zr and Al-3Cu-2Li-1Mg-0.2Zr. The PM alloys were prepared from chill cast remelt stock by centrifugal atomization in helium, followed by screening, degassing, and extrusion. The IM alloys were prepared by direct chill (DC) casting, homogenization and extrusion. Full details of the production of the alloys are given. The effects of various processing conditions on microstructure and properties were evaluated, including different heat treatments and stretching conditions. These effects are described in detail with particular emphasis on a comparison of the PM and IM alloys. 10 references

Design of high-temperature high-strength Al-Ti-V-Zr alloys

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lee, H.M.

1990-01-01

This paper reports that it seems plausible to develop high-strength Al-base alloys useful up to 698K in view of the behavior of nickel base superalloys which resist degradation of mechanical properties to 75 pct of their absolute melting temperature. For high temperature Al alloys, the dispersed hardening phase must not undergo phase transformation to an undesirable phase during long time exposure at the temperature of interest. An additional factor to be considered is the stability of the hardening phase with respect to Ostwald ripening. This coarsening resistance is necessary so that the required strength level can be maintained after the long-time service at high temperatures. The equilibrium crystal structures of Al 3 Ti, Al 3 V and Al 3 Zr are tetragonal D0 22 , D0 22 and D0 23 , respectively. At the temperatures of interest, around 698K, vanadium and titanium are mutually substitutable in the form of Al 3 (Ti, V). Much of titanium and vanadium can be substituted for zirconium in the D0 23 - type Al 3 Zr compound, creating Al 3 (Ti, Zr) and Al 3 (V, Zr), respectively. In particular, it has been reported that fcc L1 2 -structured Al 3 M dispersoids form in the rapidly solidified Al-V-Zr and Al-Ti-Zr systems and both L1 2 and D0 23 -structured Al 3 M phases showed slow coarsening kinetics

Electric resistivity and thermoelectricity of Ni-Nb-Zr and Ni-Nb-Zr-H glassy alloys

Science.gov (United States)

Fukuhara, Mikio; Inoue, Akihisa

2010-09-01

Electric resistivity ρ and thermoelectric power S of Ni 36Nb 24Zr 40 and (Ni 0.36Nb 0.24Zr 0.4) 90H 10 glassy alloys were investigated in temperature region between 1.5 and 300 K. After resistivity curves of both alloys increase gradually with decreasing temperature down to around 6 K, they dropped suddenly and then reached zero resistivity at 2.1 K, leading to superconductivity. Linear curve with negative TCR of ρ vs T2 and slight increase of S/ T in temperature region down to around 6 K clearly reveal Fermi-liquid phenomenon in electronic state for both alloys independent of hydrogen content.

Electric resistivity and thermoelectricity of Ni-Nb-Zr and Ni-Nb-Zr-H glassy alloys

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Fukuhara, Mikio; Inoue, Akihisa

2010-01-01

Electric resistivity ρ and thermoelectric power S of Ni 36 Nb 24 Zr 40 and (Ni 0.36 Nb 0.24 Zr 0.4 ) 90 H 10 glassy alloys were investigated in temperature region between 1.5 and 300 K. After resistivity curves of both alloys increase gradually with decreasing temperature down to around 6 K, they dropped suddenly and then reached zero resistivity at 2.1 K, leading to superconductivity. Linear curve with negative TCR of ρ vs T 2 and slight increase of S/T in temperature region down to around 6 K clearly reveal Fermi-liquid phenomenon in electronic state for both alloys independent of hydrogen content.

Strain and strain-rate hardening characteristics of a superplastic Al-Li-Cu-Zr alloy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ash, B.A.; Hamilton, C.H.

1988-01-01

A number of alloys based on the composition of Al-Li-Zr have been shown to be superplastic under at least one of two different microstructural conditions: 1. fully recrystallized to a fine, stable grain size, and 2. warm- or cold-worked and unrecrystallized prior to superplastic deformation. For the latter case, static recrystallization was impaired by the presence of fine Al 3 Zr particles, and dynamic recrystallization was observed to occur during superplastic deformation in which the heavily worked microstructure evolved into a fine grained fully recrystallized microstructure. This process is observed in other Al alloys as well, such as the Al-Cu-Zr alloys (Supral alloys), Al-Zn-Mg-Zr alloys, Al-Mn-Zr alloys, and Al-Mg-Mn alloys where the dynamic recrystallization has been suggested to be a continuous reaction in which recrystallization occurs by a gradual and homogeneous process during deformation rather than by the more common nucleation and growth process. Experimental observations of continuous recrystallization show development of a subgrain structure which coarsens continuously while deformation proceeds, with a concurrent increase in the misorientation angle between adjacent subgrains which ultimately approaches that of a high-angle boundary, characteristic of a fully- recrystallized microstructure. During the first 50 to 300% deformation, the microstructure evolves from the heavily worked to a fully recrystallized microstructure after which the fully recrystallized microstructure apparently exhibits the typical micro-grain superplastic characteristics. Superplasticity under continuous dynamic recrystallization is of interest both from scientific and technological standpoints since the rates at which superplastic deformation can be obtained are often higher than those for the fully recrystallized microstructures

Study of microstructure evolution and strengthening mechanisms in novel TiZrAlB alloy

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Liu, S.G.; Feng, Z.H.; Xia, C.Q.; Zhang, Z.G.; Zhang, X.; Zhang, X.Y., E-mail: xyzhang@ysu.edu.cn; Ma, M.Z.; Liu, R.P., E-mail: riping@ysu.edu.cn

2017-04-24

In this paper, the microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of the as-cast Ti-χZr-4Al-0.005B (TχZAB and χ=0, 10, 20, 30, 40 wt%) alloys were systematically investigated. Only the α phase was detected from the X-ray diffraction patterns of the as-cast TχZAB quaternary alloy series. As the Zr content increased, the average size and length-diameter ratio of the α grains were decreased from 69.8 μm to 17.1 µm and 37.5 to 8.4, respectively. The analysis of the results from the tensile and microhardness tests demonstrated that both the strength and hardness increased significantly as the Zr content increased (from 0 wt% to 40 wt%). Nevertheless, the ductility exhibited an opposite trend. The fracture mode of the ductile-brittle transfer was consistent with the ductility alteration. The as-cast Ti-40Zr-4Al-0.005B alloys demonstrated the highest tensile strength (σ{sub b}=1134 MPa), which increased by 53% compared to the Ti-4Al-0.005B alloys, whereas the lowest elongation-to-failure was of 6.77%. The mechanical properties of the TχZAB alloy series were discussed based on the microstructural evolution and the solid solution strengthening mechanisms.

High temperature steam oxidation of Al3Ti-based alloys for the oxidation-resistant surface layer on Zr fuel claddings

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Park, Jeong-Yong; Kim, Il-Hyun; Jung, Yang-Il; Kim, Hyun-Gil; Park, Dong-Jun; Choi, Byung-Kwon

2013-01-01

We investigated the feasibility to apply Al 3 Ti-based alloys as the surface layer for improving the oxidation resistance of Zr fuel claddings under accident conditions. Two types of Al 3 Ti-based alloys with the compositions of Al–25Ti–10Cr and Al–21Ti–23Cr in atomic percent were prepared by arc-melting followed by homogenization annealing at 1423 K for 48 h. Al–25Ti–10Cr alloy showed an L1 2 quasi-single phase microstructure with a lot of needle-shaped minor phase and pores. Al–21Ti–23Cr alloy consisted of an L1 2 matrix and Cr 2 Al as the second phase. Al 3 Ti-based alloys showed an extremely low oxidation rate in a 1473 K steam for up to 7200 s when compared to Zircaloy-4. Both alloys exhibited almost the same oxidation rate in the early stage of oxidation, but Al–25Ti–10Cr showed a little lower oxidation rate after 4000 s than Al–21Ti–23Cr. The difference in the oxidation rate between two types of Al 3 Ti-based alloys was too marginal to distinguish the oxidation behavior of each alloy. The resultant oxide exhibited almost the same characteristics in both alloys even though the microstructure was explicitly distinguished from each other. The crystal structure of the oxide formed up to 2000 s was identified as Al 2 O 3 in both alloys. The oxide morphology consisted of columnar grains whose length was almost identical to the average oxide thickness. On the basis of the results obtained, it is considered that Al 3 Ti-based alloy is one of the promising candidates for the oxidation-resistant surface layer on Zr fuel claddings

Correlation between zirconium oxide impedance and corrosion behavior of Zr-Nb-Sn-Fe-Cu alloys

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Park, Sang Yoon; Lee, Myung Ho; Choi, Byoung Kwon; Jeong, Yong Hwan; Jung, Youn Ho

2001-01-01

To evaluate the correlation of Zr oxide impedance and corrosion behavior of Zr-Nb-Sn-Fe-Cu alloys, the corrosion behavior of the alloys was tested in the autoclave containing 70 ppm LiOH solution at 360 .deg. C. The characteristics of the oxide on the alloys were investigated by using the electrochemical impedance spectrosocpy (EIS) method. The corrosion resistance of the alloys was evaluated from the corrosion rate determined as a function of the concentration of Nb. The equivalent circuit of the oxide was composed on the base of the spectrum from EIS measurements on the oxide layers that had formed at pre-and post-transition regions on the curve of corrosion rate. By using the capacitance characteristics of the equivalent circuit, the thickness of impervious layer, it's electrical resistance and characteristics of space charge layer were evaluated. The corrosion characteristics of the Zr-Nb-Sn-Fe-Cu alloys were successfully explained by applying the EIS test results

Evidence of zirconium nano-agglomeration in as-cast dilute U–Zr alloys

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Mukherjee, S.; Kaity, S.; Saify, M.T.; Jha, S.K.; Pujari, P.K.

2014-01-01

Microstructure evaluation of as-cast and annealed U–Zr (Zr = 2, 6 and 10 wt.%) alloys has been carried out for the first time using positrons as a probe. The chemical signature in the matter–antimatter annihilation gamma and the positron lifetime data suggests that majority of positrons are annihilating from Zr sites in the as-cast alloys. The results have been interpreted as due to the presence of Zr nano-agglomerates in the as-cast alloys which have a higher positron affinity as compared to the rest of the U matrix. A minimum agglomerate size of ∼2 nm diameter has been calculated from the difference in positron affinity between the agglomerates and the matrix. Upon annealing, the Zr signature in the annihilation gamma photons vanishes suggesting that the Zr agglomerates diffuse out of U matrix and form micron-sized precipitates. This has been confirmed by scanning electron microscopy which shows a 3 times increase in the surface density of the precipitates in the annealed alloys as compared to the as-cast ones. Shorter positron diffusion length (measured using slow positron beam) as compared to precipitate separation has been invoked to explain the observed data

DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL STUDY OF U-Mo AND U-Zr ALLOYS

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Landa, A; Soderlind, P; Turchi, P A

2010-11-01

Density-functional theory previously used to describe phase equilibria in U-Zr alloys [A. Landa, P. Soederlind, P.E.A. Turchi, J. Alloys Comp. 478 (2009) 103-110] is extended to investigate the ground-state properties of U-Mo solid solutions. We discuss how the heat of formation in both alloys correlates with the charge transfer between the alloy components, and how the specific behavior of the density of states in the vicinity of the Fermi level promotes the stabilization of the U{sub 2}Mo compound. Our calculations prove that, due to the existence of a single {gamma}-phase over the typical fuel operation temperatures, {gamma}-U-Mo alloys should indeed have much lower constituent redistribution than {gamma}-U-Zr alloys for which binodal decomposition causes a high degree of constituent redistribution.

Arc melting and homogenization of ZrC and ZrC + B alloys

Science.gov (United States)

Darolia, R.; Archbold, T. F.

1973-01-01

A description is given of the methods used to arc-melt and to homogenize near-stoichiometric ZrC and ZrC-boron alloys, giving attention to the oxygen contamination problem. The starting material for the carbide preparation was ZrC powder with an average particle size of 4.6 micron. Pellets weighing approximately 3 g each were prepared at room temperature from the powder by the use of an isostatic press operated at 50,000 psi. These pellets were individually melted in an arc furnace containing a static atmosphere of purified argon. A graphite resistance furnace was used for the homogenization process.

The estimation of corrosion behaviour of ZrTi binary alloys for dental applications using electrochemical techniques

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Mareci, Daniel; Bolat, Georgiana; Chelariu, Romeu; Sutiman, Daniel; Munteanu, Corneliu

2013-01-01

Titanium and zirconium are in the same group in the periodic table of elements and are known to have similar physical and chemical properties. Both Ti and Zr usually have their surfaces covered by a thin oxide film spontaneously formed in air. However, the cytotoxicity of ZrO 2 is lower than that of TiO 2 rutile. Treatments with fluoride are known as the main methods to prevent plaque formation and dental caries. The corrosion behaviour of ZrTi alloys with Ti contents of 5, 25 and 45 wt.% and cp-Ti was investigated for dental applications. All samples were tested by linear potentiodynamic polarisation and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) performed in artificial saliva with different pH levels (5.6 and 3.4) and different fluoride (1000 ppm F − ) and albumin protein (0.6%) contents. In addition, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was employed to observe the surface morphology of the test materials after linear potentiodynamic polarisation. The corrosion current densities for the ZrTi alloys increased with the titanium content. The Zr5Ti and Zr25Ti alloys were susceptible to localised corrosion. The role that Ti plays as an alloying element is that of increasing the resistance of ZrTi alloy to localised corrosion. The presence of 0.6% albumin protein in fluoridated acidified artificial saliva with 1000 ppm F − could protect the cp-Ti and ZrTi alloys from attack by fluoride ions. - Highlights: • Electrochemical and corrosion behaviour of the new ZrTi alloys were investigated. • The passive behaviour for all the ZrTi alloys is observed. • Addition of Ti to Zr improves the corrosion resistance in some fluoridated saliva. • The presence of albumin could prevent the ZrTi alloys from attack by fluoride ions

The estimation of corrosion behaviour of ZrTi binary alloys for dental applications using electrochemical techniques

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Mareci, Daniel [“Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University of Iasi, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Protection, Iasi (Romania); Bolat, Georgiana, E-mail: georgiana20022@yahoo.com [“Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University of Iasi, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Protection, Iasi (Romania); Chelariu, Romeu [“Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University of Iasi, Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Iasi (Romania); Sutiman, Daniel [“Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University of Iasi, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Protection, Iasi (Romania); Munteanu, Corneliu [“Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University of Iasi, Faculty of Mechanical, Iasi (Romania)

2013-08-15

Titanium and zirconium are in the same group in the periodic table of elements and are known to have similar physical and chemical properties. Both Ti and Zr usually have their surfaces covered by a thin oxide film spontaneously formed in air. However, the cytotoxicity of ZrO{sub 2} is lower than that of TiO{sub 2} rutile. Treatments with fluoride are known as the main methods to prevent plaque formation and dental caries. The corrosion behaviour of ZrTi alloys with Ti contents of 5, 25 and 45 wt.% and cp-Ti was investigated for dental applications. All samples were tested by linear potentiodynamic polarisation and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) performed in artificial saliva with different pH levels (5.6 and 3.4) and different fluoride (1000 ppm F{sup −}) and albumin protein (0.6%) contents. In addition, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was employed to observe the surface morphology of the test materials after linear potentiodynamic polarisation. The corrosion current densities for the ZrTi alloys increased with the titanium content. The Zr5Ti and Zr25Ti alloys were susceptible to localised corrosion. The role that Ti plays as an alloying element is that of increasing the resistance of ZrTi alloy to localised corrosion. The presence of 0.6% albumin protein in fluoridated acidified artificial saliva with 1000 ppm F{sup −} could protect the cp-Ti and ZrTi alloys from attack by fluoride ions. - Highlights: • Electrochemical and corrosion behaviour of the new ZrTi alloys were investigated. • The passive behaviour for all the ZrTi alloys is observed. • Addition of Ti to Zr improves the corrosion resistance in some fluoridated saliva. • The presence of albumin could prevent the ZrTi alloys from attack by fluoride ions.

Formation and Applications of Bulk Glassy Alloys in Late Transition Metal Base System

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Inoue, Akihisa; Shen Baolong

2006-01-01

This paper reviews our recent results of the formation, fundamental properties, workability and applications of late transition metal (LTM) base bulk glassy alloys (BGAs) developed since 1995. The BGAs were obtained in Fe-(Al,Ga)-(P,C,B,Si), Fe-(Cr,Mo)-(C,B), Fe-(Zr,Hf,Nb,Ta)-B, Fe-Ln-B(Ln=lanthanide metal), Fe-B-Si-Nb and Fe-Nd-Al for Fe-based alloys, Co-(Ta,Mo)-B and Co-B-Si-Nb for Co-based alloys, Ni-Nb-(Ti,Zr)-(Co,Ni) for Ni-based alloys, and Cu-Ti-(Zr,Hf), Cu-Al-(Zr,Hf), Cu-Ti-(Zr,Hf)-(Ni,Co) and Cu-Al-(Zr,Hf)-(Ag,Pd) for Cu-based alloys. These BGAs exhibit useful properties of high mechanical strength, large elastic elongation and high corrosion resistance. In addition, Fe- and Co-based glassy alloys have good soft magnetic properties which cannot be obtained for amorphous and crystalline type magnetic alloys. The Fe- and Ni-based BGAs have already been used in some application fields. These LTM base BGAs are promising as new metallic engineering materials

Influence of alloying elements on the dislocation loops created by Zr+ ion irradiation in alpha-zirconium

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hellio, C.; Novion, C.H. de; Boulanger, L.

1987-01-01

Pure zirconium and four (annealed) α - zirconium based alloys (Zr-1760 ppm weight 0, Zr - 1% Nb - 430 ppm 0, Zr-1% Nb-1800 ppm 0, zircaloy 4) have been studied by transmission electron microscopy after 500 keV Zr + ion or 1 MeV electron irradiation performed at high temperature. Type of burgers vectors of the dislocation loops are given; in the case of electron irradiated Zr-1760 ppm 0, the larger loops were found of interstitial type. Alloying elements increase the loop density. The kinetic of loop growth was observed in-situ during 1 MeV electron irradiation between 400 and 700 0 C: oxygen was found to reduce considerably the growth speed of loops. In-situ annealing at 450 or 500 0 C after ion irradiation led to a large coalescence of loops in the case of pure zirconium, but modified only slightly the defect structure of the alloys

Brazing characteristics of a Zr-Ti-Cu-Fe eutectic alloy filler metal for Zircaloy-4

Science.gov (United States)

Lee, Jung G.; Lim, C. H.; Kim, K. H.; Park, S. S.; Lee, M. K.; Rhee, C. K.

2013-10-01

A Zr-Ti-Cu-Fe quaternary eutectic alloy was employed as a new Be-free brazing filler metal for Zircaloy-4 to supersede physically vapor-deposited Be coatings used conventionally with several disadvantages. The quaternary eutectic composition of Zr58Ti16Cu10Fe16 (at.%) showing a low melting temperature range from 832 °C to 853 °C was designed by a partial substitution of Zr with Ti based on a Zr-Cu-Fe ternary eutectic system. By applying an alloy ribbon with the determined composition, a highly reliable joint was obtained with a homogeneous formation of predominantly grown α-Zr phases owing to a complete isothermal solidification, exhibiting strength higher than that of Zircaloy-4. The homogenization of the joint was rate-controlled by the diffusion of the filler elements (Ti, Cu, and Fe) into the Zircaloy-4 base metal, and the detrimental segregation of the Zr2Fe phase in the central zone was completely eliminated by an isothermal holding at a brazing temperature of 920 °C for 10 min.

Diffusion studies in amorphous NiZr alloys

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hahn, H.; Averback, R.S.; Hoshino, K.; Rothman, S.J.

1987-06-01

Tracer impurity and self diffusion measurements have been made on amorphous (a-) NiZr alloys using radioactive tracer, Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry and Rutherford backscattering techniques. The temperature dependence of diffusion in a-NiZr can be represented in the form D = D 0 exp(-Q/kT), with no structural relaxation effects being observed. The mobility of an atom in a-NiZr increased dramatically with decreasing atomic radius of the diffusing atom and also with decreasing Ni content for Ni concentrations below ≅40 at. %. These diffusion characteristics in a-NiZr are remarkably similar to those in α-Zr and α-Ti. These mechanisms assume that Zr and Ti provide a close packed structure, either crystalline or amorphous, through which small atoms diffuse by an interstitial mechanism and large atoms diffuse by a vacancy mechanism. 12 refs., 2 figs., 2 tabs

Biocompatible Ni-free Zr-based bulk metallic glasses with high-Zr-content: compositional optimization for potential biomedical applications.

Science.gov (United States)

Hua, Nengbin; Huang, Lu; Chen, Wenzhe; He, Wei; Zhang, Tao

2014-11-01

The present study designs and prepares Ni-free Zr60+xTi2.5Al10Fe12.5-xCu10Ag5 (at.%, x=0, 2.5, 5) bulk metallic glasses (BMGs) by copper mold casting for potential biomedical application. The effects of Zr content on the in vitro biocompatibility of the Zr-based BMGs are evaluated by investigating mechanical properties, bio-corrosion behavior, and cellular responses. It is found that increasing the content of Zr is favorable for the mechanical compatibility with a combination of low Young's modulus, large plasticity, and high notch toughness. Electrochemical measurements demonstrate that the Zr-based BMGs are corrosion resistant in a phosphate buffered saline solution. The bio-corrosion resistance of BMGs is improved with the increase in Zr content, which is attributed to the enrichment in Zr and decrease in Al concentration in the surface passive film of alloys. Regular cell responses of mouse MC3T3-E1 cells, including cell adhesion and proliferation, are observed on the Zr-Ti-Al-Fe-Cu-Ag BMGs, which reveals their general biosafety. The high-Zr-based BMGs exhibit a higher cell proliferation activity in comparison with that of pure Zr and Ti-6Al-4V alloy. The effects of Zr content on the in vitro biocompatibility can be used to guide the future design of biocompatible Zr-based BMGs. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Structural investigation of Fe(Cu)ZrB amorphous alloy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Duhaj, P.; Janickovic, D.

1996-01-01

The crystallization process in Fe 86 (Cu 1 )Zr 7 B 6 and Fe 87 Zr 7 B 6 is investigated using the methods of transmission electron microscopy, electron and X-ray diffraction and resistometry. Two crystallization reactions take place during thermal annealing of amorphous Fe 86 (Cu 1 )Zr 7 B 6 and Fe 87 Zr 7 B 6 alloys. In both alloys the first crystallization begins with the formation of nanocrystalline α-Fe at temperature to approximately 800 K. The second crystallization starts above 1000 K; the nanocrystalline phase dissolves and together with the remaining amorphous matrix form rough grains of α-Fe and dispersed Fe 23 Zr 6 phases. From Moessbauer spectroscopy it seems that there exist two neighbourhoods of Fe atoms in the amorphous structure. One of them is characterized by low Zr content and is responsible for the high-field component of the hyperfine field distribution p(H). The second one is rich in Zr and B and is responsible for the low-field component of p(H). This is in accord with the observation of two crystallization steps separated by a large interval of temperatures due to the existence of two chemically different regions or clusters. (orig.)

A study on the Development of Zr-Ti-Mn-V-Ni hydrogen Storage Alloy for Ni-MH Rechargeable Battery

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kim, Dong Myung; Jung, Jae Han; Lee, Sang Min; Lee, Jae Young [Department of Meterial Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Taejon (Korea, Republic of)

1996-12-15

The Zr-based AB{sub 5} type Laves phase hydrogen storage alloys have some promising properties, long cycle life, high discharge capacity, as electrode materials in reversible metal hydride batteries. However, when these alloys are used as negative electrode for battery, there is a problem that their rate capabilities are worse than those of commercialized AB{sub 5} type hydrogen storage alloys. In this work, we tried to develop the Zr-based AB type Laves phase hydrogen storage alloys which have high capacity and, especially, high rate capability (author). 21 refs., 2 tabs., 13 figs.

Unusual morphology of the omega phase in a Zr-1.75 At. pct Ni alloy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Srivastava, D.; Mukhopadhyay, P.; Ramadasan, E.; Banerjee, S.

1993-01-01

The observations reported in the present communication were made in the course of a microstructural investigation on dilute Zr-Ni alloys. The alloys were prepared from nuclear-grade sponge zirconium and high-purity nickel by nonconsumable arc melting. Repeated melting was carried out to enhance homogeneity. A master alloy was used in the preparation of very dilute alloys. The observations reported here clearly indicate that the formation of the ω phase on β quenching, can occur in the binary Zr-Ni system at very low solute concentrations, suggesting that nickel is a strong ω stabilizer. Such a situation is known to obtain in the binary Zr-Mo system also. However, the unusual ω morphology observed in the present work has not been reported in the context of dilute Zr-Mo alloys. The appearance of sharp ω reflections and the absence of streaking and diffuse distributions in the selected area electron diffraction (SAD) patterns suggest that the Zr-1.75 at. pct Ni composition lies toward the solute lean end of the composition range associated with the formation of the athermal ω phase in the binary Zr-Ni system. In a more dilute Zr-Ni alloy (Zr-1.30 at. pct Ni), no athermal ω could be observed in β quenched specimens. The absence of streaking is also consistent with the fact that the ω phase in the β quenched Zr-1.75 at. pct Ni alloy did not occur in the form of very fine precipitates. The unusual ω morphology encountered in this work merits further investigation

Mechanical Characterisation and Biomechanical and Biological Behaviours of Ti-Zr Binary-Alloy Dental Implants

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Aritza Brizuela-Velasco

2017-01-01

Full Text Available The objective of the study is to characterise the mechanical properties of Ti-15Zr binary alloy dental implants and to describe their biomechanical behaviour as well as their osseointegration capacity compared with the conventional Ti-6Al-4V (TAV alloy implants. The mechanical properties of Ti-15Zr binary alloy were characterised using Roxolid© implants (Straumann, Basel, Switzerland via ultrasound. Their biomechanical behaviour was described via finite element analysis. Their osseointegration capacity was compared via an in vivo study performed on 12 adult rabbits. Young’s modulus of the Roxolid© implant was around 103 GPa, and the Poisson coefficient was around 0.33. There were no significant differences in terms of Von Mises stress values at the implant and bone level between both alloys. Regarding deformation, the highest value was observed for Ti-15Zr implant, and the lowest value was observed for the cortical bone surrounding TAV implant, with no deformation differences at the bone level between both alloys. Histological analysis of the implants inserted in rabbits demonstrated higher BIC percentage for Ti-15Zr implants at 3 and 6 weeks. Ti-15Zr alloy showed elastic properties and biomechanical behaviours similar to TAV alloy, although Ti-15Zr implant had a greater BIC percentage after 3 and 6 weeks of osseointegration.

The role of Zr and T6 heat treatment on microstructure evolution and hardness of AlSi9Cu3(Fe diecasting alloy

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Vončina M.

2017-01-01

Full Text Available The microstructure features and hardness of AlSi9Cu3(Fe die casting alloy was investigated in the presence of Zr addition. The cast alloys were undergone the solutionizing treatment 2 h at 500°C followed by artificial aging at 180°C for 5 h. Optical microscopy and electron micro-analyzer were used to study the formation of different intermetallic phases. The hardness was tested for all samples at 25°C. The results revealed that the intermetallic phase, based on (Al,Si(Zr,Ti, forms when Zr is added in the investigated alloy, while the T6 heat treatment does not influence on the formation of Zr-bearing phase. Results also indicate that the hardness slightly increases in the AlSi9Cu3 alloy in as-cast state when Zr is added, while after T6 heat treatment increases by 50% in the alloy without Zr and by 61% in the alloy with Zr addition.

The ambient and high temperature deformation behavior of Al–Si–Cu–Mg alloy with minor Ti, Zr, Ni additions

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hernandez-Sandoval, J.; Garza-Elizondo, G.H.; Samuel, A.M.; Valtiierra, S.; Samuel, F.H.

2014-01-01

Highlights: • Characterization on the precipitation of Ni- and Zr-based intermetallics. • High temperature tensile properties of 354 alloy containing Zr and Ni below 0.5%. • Quality index charts as a function of heat treatment. • Yield strength and ductility color contours as a function of aging temperature and aging time. - Abstract: The principal aim of the present work was to investigate the effects of minor additions of nickel and zirconium on the strength of cast aluminum alloy 354 at ambient and high temperatures. Tensile properties of the as-cast and heat-treated alloys were determined at room temperature and at high temperatures (190 °C, 250 °C, 350 °C). The results show that Zr reacts only with Ti, Si and Al. From the quality index charts constructed for these alloys, the quality index attains minimum and maximum values of 259 MPa and 459 MPa, in the as-cast and solution-treated conditions; also, maximum and minimum values of yield strength are observed at 345 MPa and 80 MPa, respectively, within the series of aging treatments applied. A decrease in tensile properties of ∼10% with the addition of 0.4 wt.% nickel is attributed to a nickel–copper reaction. The reduction in mechanical properties due to addition of different elements is attributed principally to the increase in the percentage of intermetallic phase particles formed during solidification; such particles act as stress concentrators, decreasing the alloy ductility. Tensile test results at ambient temperatures show a slight increase (∼10%) in alloys with Zr and Zr/Ni additions, particularly at aging temperatures above 240 °C. Additions of Zr and Zr + Ni increase the high temperature tensile properties, in particular for the alloy containing 0.2 wt.% Zr + 0.2 wt.% Ni, which exhibits an increase of more than 30% in the tensile properties at 300 °C compared with the base 354 alloy

An XRD technique for quantitative phase analysis of Al-U-Zr alloy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Khan, K.B.; Kulkarni, N.K.; Jain, G.C.

2003-01-01

In several nuclear research reactors all over the world, Al-U alloy is used as fuel. To stabilise less brittle phase UAl 3 in Al-U alloy, a small amount of Zr (1 to 3 wt% ) is added. A rapid, non destructive and simple x-ray diffraction technique has been developed for quantitative phase analysis Al-U-Zr alloy system containing UAl 4 , UAl 3 and Al. (author)

Mechanical and electrochemical characterization of Ti-12Mo-5Zr alloy for biomedical application

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zhao Changli; Zhang Xiaonong; Cao Peng

2011-01-01

Highlights: → A new β metastable titanium alloy with composition of Ti-12Mo-5Zr that comprised of non-toxic elements Mo and Zr has been developed. → The elastic modulus of the Ti-12Mo-5Zr alloy is as low as 64 GPa, which is much lower than those of pure Ti and Ti-6Al-4V alloy. → The Ti-12Mo-5Zr alloy has moderate strength and much higher microhardness as compared with Ti-6Al-4V, which showing better mechanical biocompatibility. → The corrosion resistance is much higher than that of Ti-6Al-4V in a simulated body fluid (Hank's solution). - Abstract: We have fabricated a new β metastable titanium alloy that comprised of non-toxic elements Mo and Zr. Ingot with composition of Ti-12Mo-5Zr is prepared by melting pure metals in a vacuum non-consumable arc melting furnace. The alloy is then homogenized and solution treated under different temperature. The alloy is characterized by optical microscopy, X-ray diffraction, tensile tests and found to have an acicular martensitic α'' + β structure and dominant β phase for the 1053 K and 1133 K solution treatment samples, respectively. The elastic modulus of the latter is about 64 GPa, which is much lower than those of pure Ti and Ti-6Al-4V alloy. In addition, it had moderate strength and much higher microhardness as compared with Ti-6Al-4V alloy. The results show better mechanical biocompatibility of this alloy, which will avoid stress shielding and thus prevent bone resorption in orthopedic implants applications. As long-term stability in biological environment is required, we have also evaluated the electrochemical behavior in a simulated body fluid (Hank's solution). Potentiodynamic polarization curves exhibits that the 1133 K solution treatment Ti-12Mo-5Zr sample has better corrosion properties than Ti-6Al-4V and is comparable to the pure titanium. The good corrosion resistance combined with better mechanical biocompatibility makes the Ti-12Mo-5Zr alloy suitable for use as orthopedic implants.

Crystallization of the amorphous Fe80Zr12B8 alloy under controlled heating

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Huang, H.; Shao, G.; Tsakiropoulos, P.

2008-01-01

The devitrification process of amorphous Fe 80 Zr 12 B 8 alloy ribbons were studied under controlled thermal conditions. The major crystallization event during continuous heating with differential scanning calorimetory (DSC) is dictated by diffusion controlled growth and the associated atom mobility of the slow diffusing species Zr. The existence of prior nano-crystals formed by pre-annealing below the crystallization temperature had little effect on the major crystallization temperature. The crystallization sequence during heating was: amorphous → amorphous + α-Fe + Fe 3 Zr(B) → amorphous + α-Fe + Fe 3 Zr(B) + Fe 2 Zr. Different from previous findings in alloys of lower Zr and B contents, the peak for the crystallization of the α-Fe phase alone is missing in the DSC traces of this alloy

Microstructures and phase transformations of Ti-30Zr-xNb (x = 5, 7, 9, 13 at.%) shape memory alloys

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Qu, Wentao; Sun, Xuguang; Yuan, Bifei [School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi' an Shiyou University, Xi' an 710065 (China); Xiong, Chengyang; Zhang, Fei [School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191 (China); Li, Yan, E-mail: liyan@buaa.edu.cn [School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191 (China); Sun, Baohui [Lanzhou Seemine SMA Co. Ltd., Lanzhou 730010 (China)

2016-12-15

The microstructures, phase transformations and shape memory properties of Ti-30Zr-xNb (x = 5, 7, 9, 13 at.%) alloys were investigated. The X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy observations showed that the Ti-30Zr-5Nb, Ti-30Zr-7/9Nb and Ti-30Zr-13Nb alloys were composed of the hcp α′-martensite, orthorhombic α″-martensite and β phases, respectively. The results indicated the enhanced β-stabilizing effect of Nb in Ti-30Zr-xNb alloys than that in Ti-Nb alloys due to the high content of Zr. The differential scanning calorimetry test indicated that the Ti-30Zr-5Nb alloy displayed a reversible transformation with a high martensitic transformation start temperature of 776 K and a reverse martensitic transformation start temperature (A{sub s}) of 790 K. For the Ti-30Zr-7Nb and Ti-30Zr-9Nb alloys, the martensitic transformation temperatures decreased with the increasing Nb content. Moreover, an ω phase transformation occurred in the both alloys upon heating at a temperature lower than the corresponding A{sub s}, which is prompted by more addition of Nb. Although the critical stress in tension of the three martensitic alloys decreased with increasing Nb content, the Ti-30Zr-9Nb alloy showed a critical stress of as high as 300 MPa. Among all the alloys, the Ti-30Zr-9Nb alloy exhibited the maximum shape memory effect of 1.61%, due to the lowest critical stress for the martensite reorientation. - Highlights: •Ti-30Zr-5Nb alloy is composed of hcp α′-martensite with the M{sub s} of 776 K. •Ti-30Zr-7Nb and Ti-30Zr-9Nb alloys are predominated by orthorhombic α″-martensite. •Ti-30Zr-13Nb alloy consists of a single β phase due to the β-stabilizing effect of Nb. •The martensitic transformation temperatures decrease with increasing Nb content. •Ti-30Zr-9Nb alloy shows the maximum shape memory effect of 1.61%.

Structural investigation of Fe(Cu)ZrB amorphous alloy

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Duhaj, P. [Slovenska Akademia Vied, Bratislava (Slovakia). Fyzikalny Ustav; Matko, I. [Slovenska Akademia Vied, Bratislava (Slovakia). Fyzikalny Ustav; Svec, P. [Slovenska Akademia Vied, Bratislava (Slovakia). Fyzikalny Ustav; Sitek, J. [Department of Nuclear Physics and Technology, Slovak Technical University, 81219 Bratislava (Slovakia); Janickovic, D. [Slovenska Akademia Vied, Bratislava (Slovakia). Fyzikalny Ustav

1996-07-01

The crystallization process in Fe{sub 86}(Cu{sub 1})Zr{sub 7}B{sub 6} and Fe{sub 87}Zr{sub 7}B{sub 6} is investigated using the methods of transmission electron microscopy, electron and X-ray diffraction and resistometry. Two crystallization reactions take place during thermal annealing of amorphous Fe{sub 86}(Cu{sub 1})Zr{sub 7}B{sub 6} and Fe{sub 87}Zr{sub 7}B{sub 6} alloys. In both alloys the first crystallization begins with the formation of nanocrystalline {alpha}-Fe at temperature to approximately 800 K. The second crystallization starts above 1000 K; the nanocrystalline phase dissolves and together with the remaining amorphous matrix form rough grains of {alpha}-Fe and dispersed Fe{sub 23}Zr{sub 6} phases. From Moessbauer spectroscopy it seems that there exist two neighbourhoods of Fe atoms in the amorphous structure. One of them is characterized by low Zr content and is responsible for the high-field component of the hyperfine field distribution p(H). The second one is rich in Zr and B and is responsible for the low-field component of p(H). This is in accord with the observation of two crystallization steps separated by a large interval of temperatures due to the existence of two chemically different regions or clusters. (orig.)

Are new TiNbZr alloys potential substitutes of the Ti6Al4V alloy for dental applications? An electrochemical corrosion study.

Science.gov (United States)

Ribeiro, Ana Lúcia Roselino; Hammer, Peter; Vaz, Luís Geraldo; Rocha, Luís Augusto

2013-12-01

The main aim of this work was to assess the electrochemical behavior of new Ti35Nb5Zr and Ti35Nb10Zr alloys in artificial saliva at 37 °C to verify if they are indicated to be used as biomaterials in dentistry as alternatives to Ti6Al4V alloys in terms of corrosion protection efficiency of the material. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) experiments were carried out for different periods of time (0.5-216 h) in a three-electrode cell, where the working electrode (Ti alloys) was exposed to artificial saliva at 37 °C. The near-surface region of the alloys was investigated using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). All alloys exhibited an increase in corrosion potential with the immersion time, indicating the growth and stabilization of the passive film. Ti35Nb5Zr and Ti6Al4V alloys had their EIS results interpreted by a double-layer circuit, while the Ti35Nb10Zr alloy was modeled by a one-layer circuit. In general, the new TiNbZr alloys showed similar behavior to that observed for the Ti6Al4V. XPS results suggest, in the case of the TiNbZr alloys, the presence of a thicker passive layer containing a lower fraction of TiO2 phase than that of Ti6Al4V. After long-term immersion, all alloys develop a calcium phosphate phase on the surface. The new TiNbZr alloys appear as potential candidates to be used as a substitute to Ti6Al4V in the manufacturing of dental implant-abutment sets.

Precipitation in cold-rolled Al–Sc–Zr and Al–Mn–Sc–Zr alloys prepared by powder metallurgy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Vlach, M.; Stulikova, I.; Smola, B.; Kekule, T.; Kudrnova, H.; Danis, S.; Gemma, R.; Ocenasek, V.; Malek, J.; Tanprayoon, D.; Neubert, V.

2013-01-01

The effects of cold-rolling on thermal, mechanical and electrical properties, microstructure and recrystallization behaviour of the AlScZr and AlMnScZr alloys prepared by powder metallurgy were studied. The powder was produced by atomising in argon with 1% oxygen and then consolidated by hot extrusion at 350 °C. The electrical resistometry and microhardness together with differential scanning calorimetry measurements were compared with microstructure development observed by transmission and scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and electron backscatter diffraction. Fine (sub)grain structure developed and fine coherent Al 3 Sc and/or Al 3 (Sc,Zr) particles precipitated during extrusion at 350 °C in the alloys studied. Additional precipitation of the Al 3 Sc and/or Al 3 (Sc,Zr) particles and/or their coarsening was slightly facilitated by the previous cold rolling. The presence of Sc,Zr-containing particles has a significant antirecrystallization effect that prevents recrystallization at temperatures minimally up to 420 °C. The precipitation of the Al 6 Mn- and/or Al 6 (Mn,Fe) particles of a size ∼ 1.0 μm at subgrain boundaries has also an essential antirecrystallization effect and totally suppresses recrystallization during 32 h long annealing at 550 °C. The texture development of the alloys seems to be affected by high solid solution strengthening by Mn. The precipitation of the Mn-containing alloy is highly enhanced by a cold rolling. The apparent activation energy of the Al 3 Sc particles formation and/or coarsening and that of the Al 6 Mn and/or Al 6 (Mn,Fe) particle precipitation in the powder and in the compacted alloys were determined. The cold deformation has no effect on the apparent activation energy values of the Al 3 Sc-phase and the Al 6 Mn-phase precipitation. - Highlights: • The Mn, Sc and Zr additions to Al totally suppresses recrystallization at 550 °C. • The Sc,Zr-containing particle precipitation is slightly facilitated by

Engineering data bases for refractory alloys

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Cooper, R.H. Jr.; Harms, W.O.

1985-01-01

Refractory alloys based on niobium, molybdenum, tantalum, and tungsten are required for the multi-100kW(e) space nuclear reactor power concepts that have been assessed in the SP-100 Program because of the extremely high temperatures involved. A review is presented of the technology efforts on the candidate refractory alloys in the areas of availability/fabricability, mechanical properties, irradiation effects, and compatibility. Of the niobium-base alloys, only Nb-1Zr has a data base that is sufficiently comprehensive for the high level of confidence required in the reference-alloy selection process for the reactor concept to be tested in the Ground Engineering System (GES) Phase of the SP-100 Program. Based on relatively short-term tests, the alloy PWC-11 (Nb-1Zr-0.1C) appears to have significantly greater creep strength than Nb-1Zr; however, concerns as to whether this precipitation-hardened alloy will remain thermally stable during seven years of full-power reactor operation need to be resolved. Additional information on the reference GES alloy will be needed for the detailed engineering design of a space power system and the fabrication of prototypical GES test components. Expedient development and demonstration of an adequate total manufacturing capability will be required if a high risk of significant schedule slippages and cost overruns is to be avoided. 4 refs., 1 fig., 3 tabs

Precipitation in cold-rolled Al-Sc-Zr and Al-Mn-Sc-Zr alloys prepared by powder metallurgy

KAUST Repository

Vlach, Martin

2013-12-01

The effects of cold-rolling on thermal, mechanical and electrical properties, microstructure and recrystallization behaviour of the AlScZr and AlMnScZr alloys prepared by powder metallurgy were studied. The powder was produced by atomising in argon with 1% oxygen and then consolidated by hot extrusion at 350 C. The electrical resistometry and microhardness together with differential scanning calorimetry measurements were compared with microstructure development observed by transmission and scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and electron backscatter diffraction. Fine (sub)grain structure developed and fine coherent Al3Sc and/or Al3(Sc,Zr) particles precipitated during extrusion at 350 C in the alloys studied. Additional precipitation of the Al3Sc and/or Al3(Sc,Zr) particles and/or their coarsening was slightly facilitated by the previous cold rolling. The presence of Sc,Zr-containing particles has a significant antirecrystallization effect that prevents recrystallization at temperatures minimally up to 420 C. The precipitation of the Al6Mn- and/or Al 6(Mn,Fe) particles of a size ~ 1.0 μm at subgrain boundaries has also an essential antirecrystallization effect and totally suppresses recrystallization during 32 h long annealing at 550 C. The texture development of the alloys seems to be affected by high solid solution strengthening by Mn. The precipitation of the Mn-containing alloy is highly enhanced by a cold rolling. The apparent activation energy of the Al3Sc particles formation and/or coarsening and that of the Al6Mn and/or Al 6(Mn,Fe) particle precipitation in the powder and in the compacted alloys were determined. The cold deformation has no effect on the apparent activation energy values of the Al3Sc-phase and the Al 6Mn-phase precipitation. © 2013 Elsevier Inc.

Precipitation in cold-rolled Al-Sc-Zr and Al-Mn-Sc-Zr alloys prepared by powder metallurgy

KAUST Repository

Vlach, Martin; Stulí ková , Ivana; Smola, Bohumil; Kekule, Tomá š; Kudrnová , Hana; Daniš, Stanislav; Gemma, Ryota; Očená šek, Vladivoj; Má lek, Jaroslav; Tanprayoon, Dhritti; Neubert, Volkmar

2013-01-01

The effects of cold-rolling on thermal, mechanical and electrical properties, microstructure and recrystallization behaviour of the AlScZr and AlMnScZr alloys prepared by powder metallurgy were studied. The powder was produced by atomising in argon with 1% oxygen and then consolidated by hot extrusion at 350 C. The electrical resistometry and microhardness together with differential scanning calorimetry measurements were compared with microstructure development observed by transmission and scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and electron backscatter diffraction. Fine (sub)grain structure developed and fine coherent Al3Sc and/or Al3(Sc,Zr) particles precipitated during extrusion at 350 C in the alloys studied. Additional precipitation of the Al3Sc and/or Al3(Sc,Zr) particles and/or their coarsening was slightly facilitated by the previous cold rolling. The presence of Sc,Zr-containing particles has a significant antirecrystallization effect that prevents recrystallization at temperatures minimally up to 420 C. The precipitation of the Al6Mn- and/or Al 6(Mn,Fe) particles of a size ~ 1.0 μm at subgrain boundaries has also an essential antirecrystallization effect and totally suppresses recrystallization during 32 h long annealing at 550 C. The texture development of the alloys seems to be affected by high solid solution strengthening by Mn. The precipitation of the Mn-containing alloy is highly enhanced by a cold rolling. The apparent activation energy of the Al3Sc particles formation and/or coarsening and that of the Al6Mn and/or Al 6(Mn,Fe) particle precipitation in the powder and in the compacted alloys were determined. The cold deformation has no effect on the apparent activation energy values of the Al3Sc-phase and the Al 6Mn-phase precipitation. © 2013 Elsevier Inc.

Technology of electron beam welding for Zr-4 alloy spacer grid

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Pei Qiusheng; Wu Xueyi; Yang Qishun

1989-10-01

The welding technology for Zr-4 alloy spacer grid by using vacuum electron beam was studied. Through a series of welding technological experiments, metallographic examinations of seam structure and detecting tests for welding defect by X-ray defectoscopy, a good welding technology was selected to meet the requirements. The experimental results indicated that the Zr-4 alloy spacer grid welded by vacuum electron beam welding is feasible

Preparation and characterisation of Co–Fe–Ni–M-Si–B (M = Zr, Ti) amorphous powders by wet mechanical alloying

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Neamţu, B.V., E-mail: Bogdan.Neamtu@stm.utcluj.ro [Materials Science and Engineering Department, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, 103-105, Muncii Avenue, 400641, Cluj-Napoca (Romania); Chicinaş, H.F.; Marinca, T.F. [Materials Science and Engineering Department, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, 103-105, Muncii Avenue, 400641, Cluj-Napoca (Romania); Isnard, O. [Université Grenoble Alpes, Institut NEEL, F-38042, Grenoble (France); CNRS, Institut NEEL, 25 rue des martyrs, BP166, F-38042, Grenoble (France); Chicinaş, I. [Materials Science and Engineering Department, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, 103-105, Muncii Avenue, 400641, Cluj-Napoca (Romania)

2016-07-15

Co-based amorphous alloys were prepared via wet mechanical alloying process starting from elemental powders. The reference alloy Co{sub 70}Fe{sub 4}Ni{sub 2}Si{sub 15}B{sub 9} (at. %) as well as the alloys derived from this composition by the substitution of 5 at.% of Zr or Ti for Si or B (Co{sub 70}Fe{sub 4}Ni{sub 2}Si{sub 15}B{sub 4}Zr{sub 5}, Co{sub 70}Fe{sub 4}Ni{sub 2}Si{sub 15}B{sub 4}Ti{sub 5}, Co{sub 70}Fe{sub 4}Ni{sub 2}Si{sub 10}B{sub 9}Zr{sub 5} and Co{sub 70}Fe{sub 4}Ni{sub 2}Si{sub 10}B{sub 9}Ti{sub 5}) are obtained in amorphous state, according to X-ray diffraction (XRD) investigation, after 40 h of milling. The calculated amount of amorphous fraction reaches 99% after 40 h of milling. The largest increase of the crystallisation temperature was induced by the substitution of Zr or Ti for Si while, regardless of the type of substitution, an important increase of the Curie temperature of the alloy was obtained. A Co-based solid solution, with Co{sub 2}Si and Co{sub 2}B phases, result after crystallisation of the amorphous alloys as proved by XRD investigations. Saturation magnetisation of the alloys decreases upon increasing milling time, however it remains larger than the saturation magnetisation of the reference alloy. This was discussed in correlation with the specificity of the wet mechanical alloying process and the influence of the chemical bonding between Co and metalloids atoms over the magnetic moment of Co. - Highlights: • Co–Fe–Ni–M-Si–B (M = Zr, Ti) amorphous powders were prepared by wet MA. • Amorphisation of the alloy is reached after 40 h of wet MA for any composition. • Magnetisation decrease upon increasing milling time. • Substituting 5% Zr/Ti for Si increases significantly the alloy's thermal stability. • Substitution of 5 at. % Zr/Ti for Si increases the saturation magnetisation by 20%.

Stress and annealing induced changes in the Curie temperature of amorphous and nanocrystalline FeZr and FeNb based alloys

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gorria, P.; Orue, I.; Fernandez-Gubieda, M.L.; Plazaola, F.; Zabala, N.; Barandiaran, J.M.

1996-01-01

The stress and annealing dependence of the Curie temperature in FeZrBCu alloys is presented. A change of about 50 /GPa has been observed. The change in amorphous matrix composition upon crystallization produces an expected increase in T C (about 200 C) which is similar to the experimentally observed increase. This behaviour is opposite to that observed in Fe-Nb based alloys. (orig.)

High-temperature deformation behavior and mechanical properties of rapidly solidified Al-Li-Co and Al-Li-Zr alloys

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sastry, S.M.L.; Oneal, J.E.

1984-01-01

The deformation behavior at 25-300 C of rapidly solidified Al-3Li-0.6Co and Al-3Li-0.3Zr alloys was studied by tensile property measurements and transmission electron microscopic examination of dislocation substructures. In binary Al-3Li and Al-3Li-Co alloys, the modulus normalized yield stress increases with an increase in temperature up to 150 C and then decreases. The yield stress at 25 C of Al-3Li-0.3Zr alloys is 180-200 MPa higher than that of Al-3Li alloys. However, the yield stress of the Zr-containing alloy decreases drastically with increasing temperatures above 75 C. The short-term yield stresses at 100-200 C of the Al-3Li-based alloys are higher than that of the conventional high-temperature Al alloys. The temperature dependences of the flow stresses of the alloys were analyzed in terms of the magnitudes and temperature dependences of the various strengthening contributions in the two alloys. The dislocation substructures at 25-300 C were correlated with mechanical properties. 19 references

Microstructure control of Zr-Nb-Sn alloy with Mo addition for HWR pressure tube application

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hwang, S. K.; Kim, M. H.; Kim, J. H.; Kwon, S. I.; Kim, Y. S.

1997-01-01

As a basic research to develop the material for heavy water reactor pressure tube application the effect of Mo addition to Zr-Nb-Sn alloy was studied for the purpose of minimizing the amount of cold working while maintaining a high strength. To select the target alloy system we first designed various alloy compositions and chose Zr-Nb-Sn and Zr-Nb-Mo through multi-regression analysis of the relationship between the basic properties and the compositions. Plasma arc melting was used to produce the alloys and the microstructure change introduced by the processing steps including hot forging, beta-heat treatment, hot rolling, cold rolling and recrystallization heat treatment was investigated. Recrystallization of Zr-Nb-Sn was retarded by adding Mo and this resulted in a fine grain structure in Zr-Nb-Sn-Mo alloy. Beside the retarding effect recrystallization, Mo increased the amount of residual beta phase and showed an indication of precipitation hardening, which added up to the possibility of applying the alloy for the desired usage. (author)

Molecular dynamics simulation of liquid structure for undercooled Zr-Nb alloys assisted with electrostatic levitation experiments

Science.gov (United States)

Yang, S. J.; Hu, L.; Wang, L.; Wei, B.

2018-06-01

The liquid structures of undercooled Zr90Nb10, Zr70Nb30 and Zr50Nb50 alloys were studied by molecular dynamics simulation combined with electrostatic levitation experiments. The densities of three alloys were measured by electrostatic levitation to modify the Zr-Nb potential functions by adjusting parameters in potential functions. In simulation, the atomic packing in Zr-Nb alloys was more ordered at lower temperatures. The Voronoi tessellation analyses indicated Nb-centered clusters were easier to form than Zr-centered clusters although the Nb content was less than 50%. The partial pair distribution functions showed that the interactions among Zr atoms are quite different to that among Nb atoms.

Influence of alloyed Sc and Zr, and heat treatment on microstructures and stress corrosion cracking of Al–Zn–Mg–Cu alloys

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Shi, Yunjia; Pan, Qinglin; Li, Mengjia; Huang, Xing; Li, Bo

2015-01-01

Stress corrosion cracking (SCC) behavior of Al–Zn–Mg–Cu alloys with different Sc, Zr contents and heat treatments was studied using slow strain rate test. Grain boundary microstructures were identified by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and statistical analysis. It was found that the SCC resistance of alloys is improved by increasing Sc, Zr contents and aging degree. Grain boundary precipitates (GBPs) area fraction was found to be an important parameter to evaluate the SCC susceptibility. The results reveal that for Al–Zn–Mg–Cu–0.25Sc–0.10Zr (wt%) alloy with different aging degrees, hydrogen induced cracking dominates the SCC when the area fraction of GBPs is relatively low. For peak-aged Al–Zn–Mg–Cu alloy and Al–Zn–Mg–Cu–0.10Sc–0.10Zr (wt%) alloy, anodic dissolution dominates the SCC when the area fraction of GBPs is sufficiently high

Are new TiNbZr alloys potential substitutes of the Ti6Al4V alloy for dental applications? An electrochemical corrosion study

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ribeiro, Ana Lúcia Roselino; Hammer, Peter; Vaz, Luís Geraldo; Rocha, Luís Augusto

2013-01-01

The main aim of this work was to assess the electrochemical behavior of new Ti35Nb5Zr and Ti35Nb10Zr alloys in artificial saliva at 37 °C to verify if they are indicated to be used as biomaterials in dentistry as alternatives to Ti6Al4V alloys in terms of corrosion protection efficiency of the material. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) experiments were carried out for different periods of time (0.5–216 h) in a three-electrode cell, where the working electrode (Ti alloys) was exposed to artificial saliva at 37 °C. The near-surface region of the alloys was investigated using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). All alloys exhibited an increase in corrosion potential with the immersion time, indicating the growth and stabilization of the passive film. Ti35Nb5Zr and Ti6Al4V alloys had their EIS results interpreted by a double-layer circuit, while the Ti35Nb10Zr alloy was modeled by a one-layer circuit. In general, the new TiNbZr alloys showed similar behavior to that observed for the Ti6Al4V. XPS results suggest, in the case of the TiNbZr alloys, the presence of a thicker passive layer containing a lower fraction of TiO 2  phase than that of Ti6Al4V. After long-term immersion, all alloys develop a calcium phosphate phase on the surface. The new TiNbZr alloys appear as potential candidates to be used as a substitute to Ti6Al4V in the manufacturing of dental implant-abutment sets. (paper)

Grain size stability and hardness in nanocrystalline Cu–Al–Zr and Cu–Al–Y alloys

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Roy, D., E-mail: droy2k6@gmail.com [Material Science and Engineering Department, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606 (United States); Materials and Metallurgical Engineering Department, NIFFT, Ranchi 834003 (India); Mahesh, B.V. [Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Monash University (Australia); Atwater, M.A. [U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Weapons and Materials Research Directorate, RDRL-WMM-F, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005-5069 (United States); Chan, T.E.; Scattergood, R.O.; Koch, C.C. [Material Science and Engineering Department, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606 (United States)

2014-03-01

Cryogenic high energy ball milling has been used to synthesize nanocrystalline Cu–14Al, Cu–12Al–2Zr and Cu–12Al–2Y alloys by mechanical alloying. The alloys were studied with the aim of comparing the effect of substituting Y and Zr in place of Al, in Cu–Al alloys, on the grain size stability at elevated temperatures. The as-milled alloys were subjected to annealing at various temperatures between 200 and 900 °C and the resulting grain morphology has been studied using X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. The addition of Y results in significantly reduced susceptibility to grain growth whereas in case of CuAl and CuAlZr alloys, the susceptibility to grain growth was much higher. The hardness is substantially increased due to Zr and Y addition in the as-milled CuAl powders. However, the hardness of Cu–12Al–2Zr gradually decreases and approaches that of Cu–14Al alloy after the annealing treatment whereas in case of Cu–12Al–2Y alloy, the relative drop in the hardness is much lower after annealing. Accordingly, the efficacy of grain size stabilization by Y addition at high homologous temperatures has been explained on the basis of a recent thermodynamic stabilization models.

Grain size stability and hardness in nanocrystalline Cu–Al–Zr and Cu–Al–Y alloys

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Roy, D.; Mahesh, B.V.; Atwater, M.A.; Chan, T.E.; Scattergood, R.O.; Koch, C.C.

2014-01-01

Cryogenic high energy ball milling has been used to synthesize nanocrystalline Cu–14Al, Cu–12Al–2Zr and Cu–12Al–2Y alloys by mechanical alloying. The alloys were studied with the aim of comparing the effect of substituting Y and Zr in place of Al, in Cu–Al alloys, on the grain size stability at elevated temperatures. The as-milled alloys were subjected to annealing at various temperatures between 200 and 900 °C and the resulting grain morphology has been studied using X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. The addition of Y results in significantly reduced susceptibility to grain growth whereas in case of CuAl and CuAlZr alloys, the susceptibility to grain growth was much higher. The hardness is substantially increased due to Zr and Y addition in the as-milled CuAl powders. However, the hardness of Cu–12Al–2Zr gradually decreases and approaches that of Cu–14Al alloy after the annealing treatment whereas in case of Cu–12Al–2Y alloy, the relative drop in the hardness is much lower after annealing. Accordingly, the efficacy of grain size stabilization by Y addition at high homologous temperatures has been explained on the basis of a recent thermodynamic stabilization models

Strong composition-dependence on glass-forming ability in Ni-(Ti,Zr)-Si pseudo-ternary alloys

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Yang, H.; Wang, J.Q.; Li, Y.

2006-01-01

The glass formation in Ni-(Ti,Zr)-Si pseudo-ternary alloys was studied. For suction casting, by carefully adjusting the alloy composition and studying the microstructure changes, the best glass-forming alloy with a 2 mm diameter is pinpointed in a narrow composition region of 57.5-58.5 at.% Ni, 36.5-38.5 at.% (Ti + Zr) and 5-5.5 at.% Si. The main competing crystalline phases, identified by XRD and SEM, were Ni 10 (Zr,Ti) 7 , Ni(Ti,Zr) and an unidentified Si-containing phase. Our results indicate a clear need for monitoring the microstructure change in the cross section of the ingots to locate the best glass-forming alloys

Evaluation of corrosion resistance of implant-use Ti-Zr binary alloys with a range of compositions.

Science.gov (United States)

Akimoto, Teisuke; Ueno, Takeshi; Tsutsumi, Yusuke; Doi, Hisashi; Hanawa, Takao; Wakabayashi, Noriyuki

2018-01-01

Although titanium-zirconium (Ti-Zr) alloy has been adopted for clinical applications, the ideal proportion of Zr in the alloy has not been identified. In this study, we investigated the biocompatibility of Ti-Zr alloy by evaluating its corrosion resistance to better understand whether there is an optimal range or value of Zr proportion in the alloy. We prepared pure Ti, Ti-30Zr, Ti-50Zr, Ti-70Zr, and pure Zr (mol% of Zr) samples and subjected them to anodic polarization and immersion tests in a lactic acid + sodium chloride (NaCl) solution and artificial saliva. We observed pitting corrosion in the Ti-70Zr and Zr after exposure to both solutions. After the immersion test, we found that pure Ti exhibited the greatest degree of dissolution in the lactic acid + NaCl solution, with the addition of Zr dramatically reducing Ti ion dissolution, with the reduction ultimately exceeding 90% in the case of the Ti-30Zr. Hence, although the localized corrosion resistance under severe conditions was compromised when the Zr content was more than 70%, metal ion release reduced owing to Zr addition and the corresponding formation of a stable passive layer. The results suggest that Ti-30Zr or a Zr proportion of less than 50% would offer an ideal level of corrosion resistance for clinical applications. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 106B: 73-79, 2018. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Atom probe tomographic studies of precipitation in Al-0.1Zr-0.1Ti (at.%) alloys.

Science.gov (United States)

Knipling, Keith E; Dunand, David C; Seidman, David N

2007-12-01

Atom probe tomography was utilized to measure directly the chemical compositions of Al(3)(Zr(1)-(x)Ti(x)) precipitates with a metastable L1(2) structure formed in Al-0.1Zr-0.1Ti (at.%) alloys upon aging at 375 degrees C or 425 degrees C. The alloys exhibit an inhomogeneous distribution of Al(3)(Zr(1)-(x)Ti(x)) precipitates, as a result of a nonuniform dendritic distribution of solute atoms after casting. At these aging temperatures, the Zr:Ti atomic ratio in the precipitates is about 10 and 5, respectively, indicating that Ti remains mainly in solid solution rather than partitioning to the Al(3)(Zr(1)-(x)Ti(x)) precipitates. This is interpreted as being due to the very small diffusivity of Ti in alpha-Al, consistent with prior studies on Al-Sc-Ti and Al-Sc-Zr alloys, where the slower diffusing Zr and Ti atoms make up a small fraction of the Al(3)(Zr(1)-(x)Ti(x)) precipitates. Unlike those alloys, however, the present Al-Zr-Ti alloys exhibit no interfacial segregation of Ti at the matrix/precipitate heterophase interface, a result that may be affected by a significant disparity in the evaporation fields of the alpha-Al matrix and Al(3)(Zr(1)-(x)Ti(x)) precipitates and/or a lack of local thermodynamic equilibrium at the interface.

Glass-forming ability and stability of ternary Ni-early transition metal (Ti/Zr/Hf) alloys

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Basu, Joysurya [Department of Metallurgy, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560 012 (India); Ranganathan, S. [Department of Metallurgy, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560 012 (India)]. E-mail: rangu@met.iisc.ernet.in

2006-08-15

Four Ni-bearing Ti, Zr and Hf ternary alloys of nominal composition Zr{sub 41.5}Ti{sub 41.5}Ni{sub 17}, Zr{sub 25}Ti{sub 25}Ni{sub 50}, Zr{sub 41.5}Hf{sub 41.5}Ni{sub 17} and Ti{sub 41.5}Hf{sub 41.5}Ni{sub 17} were rapidly solidified in order to produce ribbons. The Zr-Ti-Ni and Ti-Hf-Ni alloys become amorphous, whereas the Zr-Hf-Ni alloy shows precipitation of a cubic phase. The devitrification of all three alloys was followed and the relative tendency to form nanoquasicrystals and cF96 phases analysed. The relative glass-forming ability of the alloys can be explained by taking into account their atomic size difference. Addition of Ni often leads to quasicrystallisation or quasicrystal-related phases. This can be explained by the atomic radius and heat of mixing of the constituent elements. The phases precipitated at the initial stages of crystallisation indicate the possible presence of Frank-Kasper polyhedral structure in the amorphous alloys. Structural analysis reveals that the Laves and the anti-Laves phases have the same polyhedral structural unit, which is similar to the structural characteristics of glass.

The effect of Zr on the microstructure and properties of Ti-35Nb-XZr alloy

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Málek, Jaroslav, E-mail: malek@ujp.cz [UJP PRAHA a.s., Nad Kamínkou 1345, 156 00 Prague-Zbraslav (Czech Republic); Czech Technical University in Prague, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Karlovo náměstí 13, 121 35 Praha 2 (Czech Republic); Hnilica, František, E-mail: hnilica@ujp.cz [UJP PRAHA a.s., Nad Kamínkou 1345, 156 00 Prague-Zbraslav (Czech Republic); Veselý, Jaroslav, E-mail: vesely@ujp.cz [UJP PRAHA a.s., Nad Kamínkou 1345, 156 00 Prague-Zbraslav (Czech Republic); Smola, Bohumil, E-mail: smola@met.mff.cuni.cz [Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, KeKarlovu 5, 121 16 Prague 2 (Czech Republic); Kolařík, Kamil, E-mail: kamil.kolarik@email.cz [Czech Technical University in Prague, Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Engineering, Trojanova 339/13, 120 00 Praha 2 (Czech Republic); Fojt, Jaroslav, E-mail: jaroslav.fojt@vscht.cz [Institute of Chemical Technology, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague (Czech Republic); Vlach, Martin, E-mail: martin.vlach@mff.cuni.cz [Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, KeKarlovu 5, 121 16 Prague 2 (Czech Republic); Kodetová, Veronika [Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, KeKarlovu 5, 121 16 Prague 2 (Czech Republic)

2016-10-15

The demand for biomaterials with high strength, low modulus, excellent biocompatibility and good corrosion resistance has led to the development of new alloys. Zirconium is known as a biocompatible element that can be used for alloying in titanium alloys. The effect of Zr on the mechanical and structural properties of a titanium alloy is studied in this paper. Binary Ti-35Nb alloy has been alloyed with various amounts of Zr (2, 4, 6 or 8 wt%). The specimens were thermo-mechanically processed (hot forged, solution treated 850 °C/0.5 h/water quenched, cold swaged and finally aged (at 400 °C or 450 °C for various periods). Cold-swaged alloys possess tensile strength of about 800 MPa, along with a low Young's modulus (~50 GPa). The elongation of all the alloys is more than 12%. The hardness increased during 400 °C annealing up to 370 HV10. The addition of Zr stabilized the β-phase and supports recrystallization and recovery processes. Corrosion resistance was also increased by the addition of Zr.

Experimental phases diagram Zr-Fe and Zr-Sn-Fe of the Fe rich zone at a temperature of 1100oC

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Nieva, N.; Jimenez, J.; Gomez, A; Granovsky, M.S

2010-01-01

Zr-based alloys are frequently used in the nuclear energy industry; among these are the Zr-based Zircaloys whose main alloys are Sn and Fe. In order to experimentally evaluate part of the diagram of the binary Zr-Fe phases and the ternary Zr-Sn-Fe in the Fe-rich zone, different binary alloys in the area closest to the composition of the ZrFe 2 and Zr 6 Fe 23 compounds were designed as well as a ternary alloy of Zr-Sn-Fe in the Fe-rich region of the ternary system. All the alloys underwent a two month heat treatment at a temperature of 1100 o C. Later the phases that were present were identified using different complementary techniques (mainly X-ray diffraction and microanalysis). The clear presence of the Zr 6 Fe 23 phase was not observed in any of the alloys. A new ternary phase consisting approximately of Zr 2 0Sn 14 Fe 66 was verified in the ternary alloy

Phase transformation and microstructure evolution of the deformed Ti-30Zr-5Nb shape memory alloy

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Qu, Wentao, E-mail: wtqu@xsyu.edu.cn [School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi' an Shiyou University, Xi' an 710065 (China); Sun, Xuguang; Yuan, Bifei [School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi' an Shiyou University, Xi' an 710065 (China); Xiong, Chengyang [School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191 (China); Li, Yan, E-mail: liyan@buaa.edu.cn [School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191 (China); Nie, Yongsheng [Lanzhou Seemine SMA Co. Ltd., Lanzhou 730010 (China)

2017-04-15

The phase transformation and microstructures of the deformed Ti-30Zr-5Nb shape memory alloy were investigated. The X-ray diffraction measurements indicated that the Ti-30Zr-5Nb alloy was composed of a single orthorhombic α″-martensite phase. The alloy exhibited one yielding behavior in the tensile test, with a critical stress of ~ 600 MPa and a tensile strain of approximately 15%. A shape memory recovery accompanied by a permanent strain was exhibited in the deformed alloys when heated at 873 K. The permanent strain increased with increasing pre-strain. The microstructure evolution of the deformed alloy was investigated by transmission electron microscopy. The results showed that the martensite reorientation occurred and the dislocations were generated during deformation. The alloy displayed a reversible martensite transformation start temperature as high as 763 K. However, no strain-induced martensite stabilization was found in the deformed alloy with different pre-strain levels, potentially because the large chemical energy of the Ti-30Zr-5Nb alloy depressed the effects of the elastic energy and the dissipative energy. - Highlights: • Ti-30Zr-5Nb alloy is composed of single orthorhombic α″-martensite phase with M{sub s} of 721 K. • No martensite stabilization has been found in Ti-30Zr-5Nb alloy with different pre-strain. • Ti-30Zr-5Nb shows the maximum shape memory effect of 2.75% with a pre-strain of 8%.

Effects of Fe and Cr on corrosion behavior of ZrFeCr alloys in 500 oC steam

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wang Jun; Fan Hongyuan; Xiong Ji; Liu Hong; Miao Zhi; Ying Shihao; Yang Gang

2011-01-01

Research highlights: Amount and size of SPP will effect the corrosion resistance of Zr alloy at 500 o C/10.3 MPa. - Abstract: A study of the corrosion behaviors of ZrFeCr alloy and the influence of microstructure on corrosion resistance are described by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscope in this paper. The results show that several ZrFeCr alloys exhibit protective behavior throughout the test and oxide growth is stable and protective. The best alloy has the composition Zr1.0Fe0.6Cr. Fitting of the weight gain curves for the protective oxide alloys in the region of protective behavior, it showed nearly cubic behavior for the most protective alloys. The Zr1.0Fe0.6Cr has the more laves Zr(Fe,Cr) 2 precipitate in matrix and it has the better corrosion resistance. The Zr0.2Fe0.1Cr has little precipitate, the biggest hydrogen absorption and the worst corrosion resistance. The number of precipitates and the amount of hydrogen absorption in Zr alloy plays an important role on corrosion resistance behaviors in 500 o C/10.3 MPa steam.

Hot rolling effect on the characters of Zr-0.6Nb-0.5Fe-0.5Cr alloy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sungkono; Siti Aidah

2015-01-01

Characters of Zr-0.6Nb-0.5Fe-0.5Cr alloy after hot rolling have been studied. The objective of this research was to obtain of hot rolling effect on the characteristics of microstructures, hardness and phases formed in Zr-0.6Nb-0.5Fe-0.5Cr alloy. The hot rolling process of alloy carried out at temperature of 800 °C with retention time of 1.5 and 2 hours and a thickness reduction between 5 to 25 %. The results of this experiment showed that the Zr-0.6Nb-0.5Fe-0.5Cr alloy has Widmanstaetten structure with microstructure evolving into deformed columnar grains and deformed elongated grains with increasing thickness reduction. Besides, the longer the retention time at temperature of 800 °C is the larger are the grain structures and formation of α-Zr and Zr_3Fe phase. The hardness of Zr-0.6Nb-0.5Fe-0.5Cr alloy has same trends i.e the larger thickness reduction gives higher hardness. The Zr-0.6Nb-0.5Fe-0.5Cr alloy can under go hot rolling deformation at a thickness reduction of 25 % and the formation of α-Zr and Zr_3Fe can increased of hardness and strength of Zr-0.6 Nb-0.5 Fe-0.5 Cr alloy. (author)

Beta decomposition of (Hf/sub x/Zr/sub 1-x/)80Nb20 ternary alloys

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Jones, W.B.; Taggart, R.; Polonis, D.H.

1978-01-01

The processes of beta decomposition have been examined in ternary alloys of the form (Hf/sub x/Zr/sub 1-x/) 80 Nb 20 to determine the influence of Hf additions to a basic Zr 80 Nb 20 composition. In the chill cast condition, Hf additions have been found to decrease the temperature coefficient of electrical resistivity from a value of -0.0015%/K for the binary Zr 80 Nb 20 alloy to a value of -0.011%/K for a (Hf 50 Zr 50 ) 80 Nb 20 ternary alloy. This change is explained in terms of the bcc lattice instability typical of Ti, Zr, and Hf alloys. The Hf additions enhance the kinetics of omega-phase precipitation during aging at 648 K. The aging of a (Hf 05 Zr 95 ) 80 Nb 20 alloy for 12 h results in the precipitation of a high volume fraction of cuboidal shaped omega-phase particles. A phase separation which results in the formation of solute lean discs (β/sub l/) occurs together with the precipitation of the omega-phase. These discs formed both randomly within the matrix and heterogeneously along dislocations and at grain boundaries

Superconducting properties of amorphous Zr-Ge binary alloys

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Inoue, A.; Takahashi, Y.; Toyota, N.; Fukase, T.; Masumoto, T.

1982-01-01

A new type of refractory metal-metalloid amorphous alloys exhibiting superconductivity has been found in a binary Zr-Ge system by a modified melt-spinning technique. Specimens are in the form of continuous ribbons 1 to 2 mm wide and 0.02 to 0.03 mm thick. The germanium content in the amorphous alloys is limited to the range of 13 to 21 at%. These amorphous alloys are so ductile that no cracks are observed even after closely contacted bending test. Data are reported for various alloy compositions for the Vickers hardness and crystallization temperature, the tensile fracture strength, superconducting transition temperature Tsub(c), upper critical magnetic field, critical current density in the absence of an applied field, upper critical field gradient at Tsub(c) and the electrical resistivity at 4.2 K. The Ginzburg-Landau (GL) parameter and the GL coherence length were estimated to be 72 to 111 and about 7.9 nm, respectively, from these experimental values by using the Ginzburg-Landau-Abrikosov-Gorkov theory and hence it is concluded that the Zr-Ge amorphous alloys are extremely 'soft' type-II superconductor with high degree of dirtiness which possesses the Tsub(c) values higher than zirconium metal, in addition to high strength combined with good ductility. (author)

Structure and properties of Al-Mg-Li-Zr system alloys

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Fridlyander, I.N.; Dolzhanskij, Yu.M.; Sandler, V.S.; Tyurin, .V.; Nikol'skaya, T.I.

1977-01-01

Studied were the structure and mechanical properties of the Al-Mg-Li-Zr alloy system (including 01420 alloy) containing 1.6-5.3%Li and 1.0-8.8%Mg). Electron microscopic studies of 01420 alloy conducted after heating at 450 deg C for 4 hours revealed non-uniformly distributed precipitations of a metastable phase ZrAl 3 , having spherical and needle-like configurations. These precipitations, together with zirconium contained in the solid solution, retard recrystallization. The introduction of 0.1-0.2% Zr decreases the limiting solubility of magnesium and lithium in the aluminium solid solution and leads to the formation of disperse equilibrium (S and, possibly, γ) phases with the size of 0.1-0.5 mcm. These phases were observed in the alloys containing (>=) 4% Mg and 1.9-3.5% Li. The method of planned experiment was used to study the principles governing the variation of the mechanical properties of the alloys subjected to water hardening and after aging at 170 deg C for 16 hours. It was established that the strength properties of the hardened alloys become higher, and the relative elongation decreases with the content of lithium and especially magnesium. It would be more proper to assess strengthening in the course of aging according to variation in the yield point and hardness. The effect of aging determined by the yield point depends on the content of lithium and is practically independent of the concentration of magnesium

Effect of thermo-mechanical processing on microstructure and mechanical properties of U - Nb - Zr alloys: Part 2 - U - 3 wt % Nb - 9 wt % Zr and U - 9 wt% Nb - 3 wt% Zr

Science.gov (United States)

Morais, Nathanael Wagner Sales; Lopes, Denise Adorno; Schön, Cláudio Geraldo

2018-04-01

The present work is the second and final part of an extended investigation on Usbnd Nb - Zr alloys. It investigates the effect of mechanical processing routes on microstructure of alloys U - 3 wt % Nb - 9 wt % Zr and U - 9 wt% Nb - 3 wt% Zr, through X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy, completing the investigation, which started with alloy U - 6 wt% Nb - 6 wt% Zr in part 1. Mechanical properties are determined using microhardness and bending tests and correlated with the developed microstructures. The results show that processing sequence, in particular the inclusion of a 1000 °C heat treatment step, affects significantly the microstructure and mechanical properties of these alloys alloy in different ways. Microstructural characterization shows that both alloys present significant volume fraction of precipitates of a body-centered cubic (BCC) γ-Nb-Zr rich phase in addition the uranium-rich matrix. Bending tests show that sample ductility does not correlate necessarily with hardness and that the key factor appears to be the amount of the γ-Nb-Zr precipitates, which controls the matrix microstructure. Samples with a monoclinic α″ cellular microstructure and/or with the tetragonally-distorted BCC phase (γ0), although not strictly ductile, showed the largest allowed strains-before-break and complete elastic recovery of the broken pieces, pointing out to the macroscopic observation of superelasticity.

Precipitation hardening of cast Zr-containing A356 aluminium alloy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Baradarani, B.; Raiszadeh, R.

2011-01-01

The effect of small additions of zirconium on the hardness, grain size, precipitate type and size of cast A356 aluminium alloy was investigated. The cast alloys were solution treated and then artificially aged for different periods of time. Hardness tests and scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies were carried out on the as-cast, as-solutionised and age-hardened specimens. Incoherent, coarse Al 3 Zr particles formed in the microstructure during the solidification of the alloy and caused grain refinement in the as-cast structure. These particles dissolved and reprecipitated as smaller-size particles during the solution treatment, causing the hardness of the alloy to remain constant at high temperatures for long periods of time due to the slow diffusion of Zr in the α-Al.

Influence of alloying element of corrosion of Zr-Nb-Sn-Fe-Cu alloy and impedance characteristics of its oxide layer

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Park, S. Y.; Lee, M. H.; Choi, B. K.; Jung, Y. H.; Jung, Y. H.

2000-01-01

As a part of the advanced Zr fuel cladding development program, the autoclave corrosion test was performed on the series of Zr-0.2Nb-1.1Sn-Fe-Cu and Zr-0.4Nb-0.8Sn-Fe-Cu alloys in 70 ppm LiOH solution at 360 .deg. C. The oxide characteristics were investigated by using the Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscope(EIS) method. The corrosion resistance of the alloys was evaluated from the corrosion rate determined as a function of the concentration of main alloying elements such as Nb, Sn, Fe and Cu. The equivalent circuit was composed as a result of the spectrum from EIS measurements on the oxide layer that formed at pro- and post-transition regions. By using the capacitance characteristics of equivalent circuit, the thickness of impervious layer, it's electrical resistance and characteristics of space charge layer were evaluated. The corrosion characteristics of the Zr-Nb-Sn-Fe-Cu alloys were successfully explained by applying the EIS test results

Damping characteristics of a Ti40.5Ni49.5Zr10 shape memory alloy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hsieh, S.F.; Wu, S.K.

2005-01-01

Ti 40.5 Ni 49.5 Zr 10 alloy undergoes B2-bar B19' martensitic transformation. Damping capacities of B19' and B2 phases of this alloy are lower than those of Ti 51 Ni 49 alloy due to Zr atoms solid-soluted hardening. Transformation temperatures of this alloy decrease, but transformation peak heights Q max -1 increase with increasing aging time at 300 o C due to the formation of finer (001) M twins for specimens aged longer. The Q max -1 peaks of the slightly cold-rolled Ti 40.5 Ni 49.5 Zr 10 alloy are higher than those of the as-annealed alloy, which may be because the thinner twins are induced by small deformation

Grain Refinement and Mechanical Properties of Cu-Cr-Zr Alloys with Different Nano-Sized TiCp Addition.

Science.gov (United States)

Zhang, Dongdong; Bai, Fang; Wang, Yong; Wang, Jinguo; Wang, Wenquan

2017-08-08

The TiC p /Cu master alloy was prepared via thermal explosion reaction. Afterwards, the nano-sized TiC p /Cu master alloy was dispersed by electromagnetic stirring casting into the melting Cu-Cr-Zr alloys to fabricate the nano-sized TiC p -reinforced Cu-Cr-Zr composites. Results show that nano-sized TiC p can effectively refine the grain size of Cu-Cr-Zr alloys. The morphologies of grain in Cu-Cr-Zr composites changed from dendritic grain to equiaxed crystal because of the addition and dispersion of nano-sized TiC p . The grain size decreased from 82 to 28 μm with the nano-sized TiC p content. Compared with Cu-Cr-Zr alloys, the ultimate compressive strength (σ UCS ) and yield strength (σ 0.2 ) of 4 wt% TiC p -reinforced Cu-Cr-Zr composites increased by 6.7% and 9.4%, respectively. The wear resistance of the nano-sized TiCp-reinforced Cu-Cr-Zr composites increased with the increasing nano-sized TiCp content. The wear loss of the nano-sized TiC p -reinforced Cu-Cr-Zr composites decreased with the increasing TiC p content under abrasive particles. The eletrical conductivity of Cu-Cr-Zr alloys, 2% and 4% nano-sized TiCp-reinforced Cu-Cr-Zr composites are 64.71% IACS, 56.77% IACS and 52.93% IACS, respectively.

Crystallization behavior and the thermal properties of Zr63Al7.5Cu17.5Ni10B2 bulk amorphous alloy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Jang, J.S.C.; Chang, L.J.; Jiang, Y.T.; Wong, P.W.

2003-01-01

The ribbons of amorphous Zr 63 Al 7.5 Cu 17.5 Ni 10 B 2 alloys with 0.1 mm thickness were prepared by melt spinning method. The thermal properties and micro structural development during the annealing of amorphous alloy have been investigated by a combination of differential thermal analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, high-temperature optical microscope, X-ray diffractometry and TEM. The glass transition temperature for the Zr 63 Al 7.5 Cu 17.5 Ni 10 B 2 alloys are measured about 645 K (372 C). This alloy also obtains a large temperature interval ΔT x about 63 K. Meanwhile, the calculated T rg for Zr 63 Al 7.5 Cu 17.5 Ni 10 B 2 alloy presents the value of 0.57. The activation energy of crystallization for the alloy Zr 63 Al 7.5 Cu 17.5 Ni 10 B 2 was about 370± 10 kJ/mole as determined by the Kissinger and Avrami plot, respectively. These values are about 20% higher than the activation energy of crystallization for the Zr 65 Al 7.5 Cu 17.5 Ni 10 alloy (314 kJ/mol.). This implies that the boron additions exhibit the effect of improving the thermal stability for the Zr-based alloy. The average value of the Avrami exponent n were calculated to be 1.75±0.15 for Zr 63 Al 7.5 Cu 17.5 Ni 10 B 2 alloy. This indicates that this alloy presents a crystallization process with decreasing nucleation rate. (orig.)

Excellent superplasticity and deformation mechanism of Al–Mg–Sc–Zr alloy processed via simple free forging

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Duan, Y.L. [School of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083 (China); Xu, G.F., E-mail: csuxgf660302@csu.edu.cn [School of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083 (China); Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Materials Science and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China. (China); Xiao, D.; Zhou, L.Q. [School of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083 (China); Deng, Y.; Yin, Z.M. [School of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083 (China); Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Materials Science and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China. (China)

2015-01-29

A refined microstructure of Al–Mg–Sc–Zr alloy with an average grain size of ∼3.7 μm and a portion of high angle boundaries of 69.2% was produced by free forging. Excellent superplastic ductility of ≥500% was achieved at a wide temperature range of 450∼500 °C and relatively high strain rate range of 1×10{sup −3}∼5×10{sup −2} s{sup −1} in the Al–Mg–Sc–Zr alloy. A maximum elongation of 1593% was obtained at 475 °C and 1×10{sup −3} s{sup −1}. Moreover, the electron back scattered diffraction (EBSD) and the transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analyses showed that the excellent superplasticity can be attributed to the high fraction of high angle grain boundaries and the presence of Al{sub 3}(Sc,Zr) dispersoids in the Al–Mg–Sc–Zr alloy microstructure. The analyses on the superplastic data revealed the presence of threshold stress, the coefficient of strain rate sensitivity of 0.5, and an activation energy of 83.9 kJ/mol{sup –1}. It indicated that the dominant deformation mechanism was grain boundary sliding. Based on this notion, a constitutive equation for Al–Mg–Sc–Zr alloy has been developed.

MRI-compatible Nb–60Ta–2Zr alloy used for vascular stents: Haemocompatibility and its correlation with protein adsorption

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Li, Xiu-Mei [School of Stomatology, China Medical University, 117 Nanjing North Street, Shenyang 110002 (China); Li, Hui-Zhe; Wang, Shao-Ping [Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 72 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016 (China); Huang, Hsun-Miao; Huang, Her-Hsiung [Biomaterials and Electrochemistry Lab, Department of Dentistry, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei City 112, Taiwan (China); Ai, Hong-Jun, E-mail: aih0620@yahoo.com.cn [School of Stomatology, China Medical University, 117 Nanjing North Street, Shenyang 110002 (China); Xu, Jian, E-mail: jianxu@imr.ac.cn [Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 72 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016 (China)

2014-09-01

Nb–60Ta–2Zr is a newly developed MRI-compatible alloy used for vascular stents. In this work, its haemocompatibility was investigated, including platelet adhesion (lactate dehydrogenase activity), platelet activation (P-selectin expression), coagulation and haemolysis. For comparison, parallel assessments for these factors were performed for the niobium, tantalum, 316L stainless steel (316L SS) and L605 Co–Cr alloy (L605). In addition, albumin and fibrinogen were selected to examine the correlation of protein adsorption with platelet adhesion and metal surface properties. The propensity for platelet adhesion and activation on the Nb–60Ta–2Zr alloy was at nearly the same level as that for Nb and Ta but was slightly less than those of 316L SS and L605. The mitigated platelet adhesion and activation of the Nb–60Ta–2Zr alloy is associated with its decreased adsorption of fibrinogen. The Nb–60Ta–2Zr alloy has a longer clotting time and exhibits significantly superior thromboresistance than 316L SS and L605. Moreover, the haemolysis rate of the Nb–60Ta–2Zr alloy satisfies the bio-safety requirement of the ISO 10993–4 standard. The favourable haemocompatiblity of the Nb–60Ta–2Zr alloy provides evidence of its good biocompatibility and of its suitability as a candidate stent material. - Highlights: • The Nb–60Ta–2Zr alloy is less hydrophobic than the 316L SS and L605 alloy. • The Nb–60Ta–2Zr has slightly weak propensity for platelet adhesion and activation. • The Nb–60Ta–2Zr alloy results in a longer clotting time. • Haemolysis of Nb–60Ta–2Zr is slightly lower than that of 316L SS and L605. • The Nb–60Ta–2Zr alloy is a promising MRI-compatible stent material.

Biocompatible Ni-free Zr-based bulk metallic glasses with high-Zr-content: Compositional optimization for potential biomedical applications

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hua, Nengbin, E-mail: flower1982cn@126.com [Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Fujian University of Technology, 350118 Fuzhou (China); Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, 350116 Fuzhou (China); Huang, Lu [Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996-2100 (United States); Chen, Wenzhe [Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Fujian University of Technology, 350118 Fuzhou (China); Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, 350116 Fuzhou (China); He, Wei [Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996-2100 (United States); Department of Mechanical, Aerospace and Biomedical Engineering, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996-2200 (United States); Zhang, Tao [Key Laboratory of Aerospace Materials and Performance (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, 100191 Beijing (China)

2014-11-01

The present study designs and prepares Ni-free Zr{sub 60+x}Ti{sub 2.5}Al{sub 10}Fe{sub 12.5−x}Cu{sub 10}Ag{sub 5} (at.%, x = 0, 2.5, 5) bulk metallic glasses (BMGs) by copper mold casting for potential biomedical application. The effects of Zr content on the in vitro biocompatibility of the Zr-based BMGs are evaluated by investigating mechanical properties, bio-corrosion behavior, and cellular responses. It is found that increasing the content of Zr is favorable for the mechanical compatibility with a combination of low Young's modulus, large plasticity, and high notch toughness. Electrochemical measurements demonstrate that the Zr-based BMGs are corrosion resistant in a phosphate buffered saline solution. The bio-corrosion resistance of BMGs is improved with the increase in Zr content, which is attributed to the enrichment in Zr and decrease in Al concentration in the surface passive film of alloys. Regular cell responses of mouse MC3T3-E1 cells, including cell adhesion and proliferation, are observed on the Zr–Ti–Al–Fe–Cu–Ag BMGs, which reveals their general biosafety. The high-Zr-based BMGs exhibit a higher cell proliferation activity in comparison with that of pure Zr and Ti-6Al-4V alloy. The effects of Zr content on the in vitro biocompatibility can be used to guide the future design of biocompatible Zr-based BMGs. - Highlights: • Ni-free Zr{sub 60+x}Ti{sub 2.5}Al{sub 10}Fe{sub 12.5−x}Cu{sub 10}Ag{sub 5} (at.%, x = 0, 2.5, 5) BMGs were fabricated. • Plasticity and notch toughness of BMGs are enhanced by high-Zr-content. • The high-Zr-based BMGs exhibit excellent bio-corrosion resistance in PBS solution. • The biosafety of BMGs is revealed by regular cell adhesion and proliferation. • High-Zr-bearing BMGs are favorable for potential applications as biomaterials.

Effect of heat treatment on the microstructures and damping properties of biomedical Mg-Zr alloy

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Tsai, Ming-Hung [Department of Mechanical Engineering and Graduate Institute of Mechanical and Precision Engineering, National Kaoshiung University of Applied Sciences, Kaoshiung 807, Taiwan (China); Department of Dentistry, Chang Yin dental clinic, No.46-1, Yangming St., Banqiao City, Taipei County 220, Taiwan (China); Research Center for Biomedical Devices, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan (China); Chen, May-Show [Research Center for Biomedical Devices, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan (China); School of Oral Hygiene, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan (China); Department of Dentistry, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 110, Taiwan (China); Lin, Ling-Hung [Department of Dentistry, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 110, Taiwan (China); School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan (China); Lin, Ming-Hong [Department of Mechanical Engineering and Graduate Institute of Mechanical and Precision Engineering, National Kaoshiung University of Applied Sciences, Kaoshiung 807, Taiwan (China); Wu, Ching-Zong, E-mail: chinaowu@tmu.edu.tw [Department of Dentistry, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 110, Taiwan (China); School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan (China); Ou, Keng-Liang, E-mail: klou@tmu.edu.tw [Research Center for Biomedical Devices, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan (China); Graduated Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan (China); Research Center for Biomedical Implants and Microsurgery Devices, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan (China); Yu, Chih-Hua [Research Center for Biomedical Devices, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan (China); Research Center for Biomedical Implants and Microsurgery Devices, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan (China)

2011-01-21

Research highlights: > When the as-quenched Mg-1Zr alloy was aged at temperatures ranging from 200 deg. C to 500 deg. C, a microstructural transformation sequence was found to be {alpha}-Mg {yields} ({alpha}-Mg + twin{sub dense}) {yields} ({alpha}-Mg + twin{sub loose}) {yields} ({alpha}-Mg + {alpha}-Zr). > As the as-quenched Mg-1Zr alloy was subjected to aging treatment at 300 deg. C for 16 h, it exhibited the maximum damping properties. > The twin structure plays a crucial role in increasing the damping capacity of the Mg-1Zr alloy. - Abstract: In this study, we elucidated the effect of heat treatment on the microstructures and damping properties of the biomedical Mg-1 wt% Zr (K1) alloy by optical microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry, and experimental model analysis. The following microstructural transformation occurred when the as-quenched (AQ, i.e., solution heat treated and quenched) K1 alloy was subjected to aging treatment in the temperature range 200-500 deg. C: {alpha}-Mg {yields} ({alpha}-Mg + twin{sub dense}) {yields} ({alpha}-Mg + twin{sub loose}) {yields} ({alpha}-Mg + {alpha}-Zr). This microstructural transformation was accompanied by variations in the damping capacity. The damping properties of the AQ K1 alloy subjected to aging treatment at 300 deg. C for 16 h were the best among those of the alloys investigated in the present study. The presence of twin structures in the alloy matrix was thought to play a crucial role in increasing the damping capacity of the K1 alloy. Hence, we state that a combination of solution treatment and aging is an effective means of improving the damping capacity of biomedical K1 alloys.

Effect of heat treatment on the microstructures and damping properties of biomedical Mg-Zr alloy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Tsai, Ming-Hung; Chen, May-Show; Lin, Ling-Hung; Lin, Ming-Hong; Wu, Ching-Zong; Ou, Keng-Liang; Yu, Chih-Hua

2011-01-01

Research highlights: → When the as-quenched Mg-1Zr alloy was aged at temperatures ranging from 200 deg. C to 500 deg. C, a microstructural transformation sequence was found to be α-Mg → (α-Mg + twin dense ) → (α-Mg + twin loose ) → (α-Mg + α-Zr). → As the as-quenched Mg-1Zr alloy was subjected to aging treatment at 300 deg. C for 16 h, it exhibited the maximum damping properties. → The twin structure plays a crucial role in increasing the damping capacity of the Mg-1Zr alloy. - Abstract: In this study, we elucidated the effect of heat treatment on the microstructures and damping properties of the biomedical Mg-1 wt% Zr (K1) alloy by optical microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry, and experimental model analysis. The following microstructural transformation occurred when the as-quenched (AQ, i.e., solution heat treated and quenched) K1 alloy was subjected to aging treatment in the temperature range 200-500 deg. C: α-Mg → (α-Mg + twin dense ) → (α-Mg + twin loose ) → (α-Mg + α-Zr). This microstructural transformation was accompanied by variations in the damping capacity. The damping properties of the AQ K1 alloy subjected to aging treatment at 300 deg. C for 16 h were the best among those of the alloys investigated in the present study. The presence of twin structures in the alloy matrix was thought to play a crucial role in increasing the damping capacity of the K1 alloy. Hence, we state that a combination of solution treatment and aging is an effective means of improving the damping capacity of biomedical K1 alloys.

Dendritic solidification and thermal expansion of refractory Nb-Zr alloys investigated by electrostatic levitation

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Yang, S.J.; Hu, L.; Wang, L.; Wei, B. [Northwestern Polytechnical University, Department of Applied Physics, Xi' an (China)

2017-05-15

The dendritic growth and thermal expansion of isomorphous refractory Nb-5%Zr, Nb-10%Zr, and Nb-15%Zr alloys were studied by electrostatic levitation technique. The obtained maximum undercoolings for the three alloys were 534 (0.2T{sub L}), 498 (0.19T{sub L}), and 483 K (0.18T{sub L}), respectively. Within these undercooling ranges, the dendritic growth velocities of the three alloys all exhibited power laws, and achieved 38.5, 34.0, and 27.1 m s{sup -1} at each maximum undercooling. The microstructures were characterized by coarse dendrites at small undercooling, while they transformed into refined dendrites under large undercooling condition. In addition, the measured thermal expansion coefficients of solid Nb-Zr alloys increased linearly with temperature. The values at liquid state were more than double of those at solid state, which also displayed linear dependence on temperature. (orig.)

Microstructural evolution and structure property correlation in Zr-1Nb and Zr-1Nb-1Sn-0.1Fe alloys

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Neogy, S.; Srivastava, D.; Chakravartty, J.K.; Dey, G.K.

2005-01-01

This study summarizes the evolution of microstructure and precipitation behavior in binary Zr-1Nb and quaternary Zr-1Nb-1Sn-0.1Fe alloys after different thermo mechanical processing. The processed microstructure and morphology of constituent phases and precipitates have been studied in detail using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Microstructural studies have revealed the shape, size, size distribution and the nature of precipitate phases. Martensite formation and its tempering behavior have been studied in detail in both the alloys. Recrystallization studies on these alloys have been carried out with a view to understand the recrystallization mechanism. In case of the binary alloy the second phase recipitates were of the β type having composition varying from β I (20 wt% Nb) to β II (85 wt% Nb) depending on the heat treatment temperature and time. The second phase precipitates in the quaternary alloy were intermetallic Zr-Nb-Fe type and also β type rich in Zr. The orientation relationship existing between the precipitating phases and the a matrix were established in case of both the alloys. High resolution electron microscopy (HREM) of the martensitic microstructure and the recrystallized microstructure has revealed the internal structure and the interface structure of the martensite and the precipitating phases respectively. Structure-property correlation studies have been carried out on the heat-treated samples to evaluate the effect of the thermo mechanical processing on the microstructures and hence mechanical properties. (author)

The role of Zr and Nb in oxidation/sulfidation behavior of Fe-Cr-Ni alloys

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Natesan, K. (Argonne National Lab., IL (USA)); Baxter, D.J. (Argonne National Lab., IL (USA) INCO Alloy Ltd., Hereford, England (UK))

1990-11-01

05Structural Fe-Cr-Ni alloys may undergo rapid degradation at elevated temperatures unless protective surface oxide scales are formed and maintained. The ability of alloys to resist rapid degradation strongly depends on their Cr content and the chemistry of the exposure environment. Normally, 20 wt % Cr is required for service at temperatures up to 1000{degree}C; the presence of sulfur, however, inhibits formation of a protective surface oxide scale. The oxidation and sulfidation behavior of Fe-Cr-Ni alloys is examined over a wide temperature range (650 to 1000{degree}C), with particular emphasis on the effects of alloy Cr content and the radiation of reactive elements such as Nb and Zr. Both Nb and Zr are shown to promote protective oxidation behavior on the 12 wt % Cr alloy in oxidizing environments and to suppress sulfidation in mixed oxygen/sulfur environments. Additions of Nb and Zr at 3 wt % level resulted in stabilization of Cr{sub 2}O{sub 3} scale and led to a barrier layer of Nb- or Zr-rich oxide at the scale/metal interface, which acted to minimize the transport of base metal cations across the scale. Oxide scales were preformed in sulfur-free environments and subsequently exposed to oxygen/sulfur mixed-gas atmospheres. Preformed scales were found to delay the onset of breakaway corrosion. Corrosions test results obtained under isothermal and thermal cycling conditions are presented. 58 refs., 55 figs., 8 tabs.

Microstructure Evolution of Mg-Gd-Y-Zn-Zr Magnesium Alloy During Partial Remelting

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jianquan TAO

2014-12-01

Full Text Available The article deals with the research on the microstructure evolution of Mg-Gd-Y-Zn-Zr magnesium alloy through partial remelting process. It aims at finding out what effects the microstructure of semi-solid Mg-Gd-Y-Zn-Zr alloy will result in under different remelting temperatures and holding times. Based on the results, if to raise the remelting temperature and to prolong the holding time, the size of solid grain will tend to expand and its spheroidization degree also begins to show improvement. In addition, the grain shows tendency of coarsening when the holding time increases. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.ms.20.4.6483

Alternative Zr alloys with irradiation resistant precipitates for high burnup BWR application

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Garzarolli, F.; Ruhmann, H.; Van Swan, L.

2002-01-01

In the core of BWRs, the second-phase particles (SPP) of Zircaloy-2 and Zircaloy-4, the Zr(FeCr) 2 and the Zr 2 (FeNi) phase, release Fe and dissolve. The degree of dissolution depends on initial size and fluence. These SPP, however, are important for the corrosion behavior of Zircaloy. Zircaloy shows an increase of corrosion at a certain burnup, depending on the initial SPP size and fast neutron fluence. Only Zr alloys with irradiation resistant SPP avoid this type of increased corrosion completely. Two types of irradiation resistant materials were considered. One is a Zr-Sn-Fe alloy containing the Zr 3 Fe phase, which is irradiation resistant under BWR conditions. The other material is a Zr-Sn-Nb alloy containing the irradiation resistant β-Nb phase. In-BWR tests have shown that a Sn content of >0.8% is mandatory to minimize the nodular corrosion. Two prototypes of irradiation resistant alloys, Zr1.3Sn0.25-0.3 Fe and Zr1Sn2-3Nb, were irradiated in a BWR for 1372 days to a fast fluence of 9 x 10 21 n/cm 2 (E > 1 MeV). These irradiation tests showed that Zr1.3Sn0.25-0.3 Fe has a little lower resistance against nodular corrosion than optimized LTP (Low Temperature Process) Zircaloy-2/4 and revealed that Zr1Sn2-3Nb is superior to LTP Zircaloy-2/4 with respect to nodular and shadow corrosion resistance. The BWR corrosion resistance of Zr1Sn2-3Nb depends on heat treatment. The lowest corrosion was observed with material fabricated completely in the α-range, but also material manufactured in the lower (α+β)-range exhibits low corrosion. Material fabricated in the upper (α+β)-range showed a somewhat higher corrosion, a corrosion behavior similar to LTP Zircaloy-2/4. As far as final annealing is concerned, a long time annealing at 540 deg C is superior to a standard recrystallization treatment (e.g., at 580 deg C), which still leads to a corrosion behavior that is better than stress relieved Zr1Sn2-3Nb. Zr1Sn2-3Nb is resistant to shadow corrosion, when fabricated

Effect of V or Zr addition on the mechanical properties of the mechanically alloyed Al-8wt%Ti alloys

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Moon, I.H.; Lee, J.H.; Lee, K.M.; Kim, Y.D.

1995-01-01

Mechanical alloying (MA) of Al-Ti alloy, being a solid state process, offers the unique advantage of producing homogeneous and fine dispersions of thermally stable Al 3 Ti phase, where the formation of the fine Al 3 Ti phase by the other method is restricted from the thermodynamic viewpoint. The MA Al-Ti alloys show substantially higher strength than the conventional Al alloys at the elevated temperature due to the presence of Al 3 Ti as well as Al 4 C 3 and Al 2 O 3 , of which the last two phases were introduced during MA process. The addition of V or Zr to Al-Ti alloy was known to decrease the lattice mismatch between the intermetallic compound and the aluminum matrix, and such decrease in lattice mismatching can influence positively the high temperature mechanical strength of the MA Al-Ti by increasing the resistance to dispersoid coarsening at the elevated temperature. In the present study, therefore, the mechanical behavior of the MA Al-Ti-V and Al-Ti-Zr alloys were investigated in order to evaluate the effect of V or Zr addition on the mechanical properties of the MA Al-8Ti alloy at high temperature

Glass forming ability: Miedema approach to (Zr, Ti, Hf)-(Cu, Ni) binary and ternary alloys

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Basu, Joysurya [Department of Chemical, Materials and Biomolecular Engineering, 191 Auditorium Road, University of Connecticut, Storrs 06269, CT (United States)], E-mail: jbasu@engr.uconn.edu; Murty, B.S. [Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036 (India); Ranganathan, S. [Department of Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012 (India)

2008-10-06

Miedema's approach has been useful in determining the glass forming composition range for a particular alloy system. The concept of mixing enthalpy and mismatch entropy can be used in order to quantify Inoue's criteria of bulk metallic glass formation. In the present study, glass forming composition range has been determined for different binary and ternary (Zr, Ti, Hf)-(Cu, Ni) alloys based on the mixing enthalpy and mismatch entropy calculations. Though copper and nickel appear next to each other in the periodic table, the glass forming ability of the copper and nickel bearing alloys is different. Thermodynamic analysis reveals that the glass forming behaviour of Zr and Hf is similar, whereas it is different from that of Ti. The smaller atomic size of Ti and the difference in the heat of mixing of Ti, Zr, Hf with Cu and Ni leads to the observed changes in the glass forming behaviour. Enthalpy contour plots can be used to distinguish the glass forming compositions on the basis of the increasing negative enthalpy of the composition. This method reveals the high glass forming ability of binary Zr-Cu, Hf-Cu, Hf-Ni systems over a narrow composition range.

Mössbauer spectroscopic studies in U-Fe and U-Fe-Zr alloys

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Panda, Alaka; Singh, L. Herojit; Rajagopalan, S.; Govindaraj, R., E-mail: govind@igcar.gov.in; Ramachandran, Renjith; Kalavathi, S.; Amarendra, G. [Materials Science Group, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam (India)

2016-05-23

{sup 57}Fe Mössbauer studies have been carried out in an alloy of U and Fe with atomic percentage in the ratio of 68%:32% in order to understand the local structure and valence of Fe atoms associated with different phases that may get formed. The effect of changes in the hyperfine parameters such as isomer shift and quadrupole splitting at Fe sites due to additional alloying of Zr has been studied in an alloy of U, Fe and Zr in the ratio of 44%:33%:23% respectively with respect to that of the U-Fe alloy chosen in the present study. Possible effect of solute clustering in these systems has been addressed in an analogous alloy of uranium and zirconium using positron lifetime spectroscopy.

The Effect of Normal Force on Tribocorrosion Behaviour of Ti-10Zr Alloy and Porous TiO2-ZrO2 Thin Film Electrochemical Formed

Science.gov (United States)

Dănăilă, E.; Benea, L.

2017-06-01

The tribocorrosion behaviour of Ti-10Zr alloy and porous TiO2-ZrO2 thin film electrochemical formed on Ti-10Zr alloy was evaluated in Fusayama-Mayer artificial saliva solution. Tribocorrosion experiments were performed using a unidirectional pin-on-disc experimental set-up which was mechanically and electrochemically instrumented, under various solicitation conditions. The effect of applied normal force on tribocorrosion performance of the tested materials was determined. Open circuit potential (OCP) measurements performed before, during and after sliding tests were applied in order to determine the tribocorrosion degradation. The applied normal force was found to greatly affect the potential during tribocorrosion experiments, an increase in the normal force inducing a decrease in potential accelerating the depassivation of the materials studied. The results show a decrease in friction coefficient with gradually increasing the normal load. It was proved that the porous TiO2-ZrO2 thin film electrochemical formed on Ti-10Zr alloy lead to an improvement of tribocorrosion resistance compared to non-anodized Ti-10Zr alloy intended for biomedical applications.

Effect of nitrogen addition and annealing temperature on superelastic properties of Ti-Nb-Zr-Ta alloys

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Tahara, Masaki [Institute of Materials Science, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573 (Japan); Kim, Hee Young, E-mail: heeykim@ims.tsukuba.ac.jp [Institute of Materials Science, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573 (Japan); Hosoda, Hideki [Precision and Intelligence Laboratory, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama 226-8503 (Japan); Nam, Tae-hyun [School of Materials Science and Engineering. A, Structural Materials: Properties, Microstructure and Processingnd ERI, Gyeongsang National University, 900 Gazwadong, Jinju, Gyeongnam 660-701 (Korea, Republic of); Miyazaki, Shuichi, E-mail: miyazaki@ims.tsukuba.ac.jp [Institute of Materials Science, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573 (Japan); School of Materials Science and Engineering. A, Structural Materials: Properties, Microstructure and Processingnd ERI, Gyeongsang National University, 900 Gazwadong, Jinju, Gyeongnam 660-701 (Korea, Republic of)

2010-10-15

Research highlights: In this study, the effects of composition and annealing temperature on microstructure, shape memory effect and superelastic properties were investigated in Ti-Nb-4Zr-2Ta-N alloys by measuring stress-strain curves at various temperatures and using transmission electron microscopy. Dissolution of {alpha} phase increases M{sub s} and decreases the critical stress for slip for the Ti-22Nb-4Zr-2Ta alloy while it causes the decrease of M{sub s} and the increase of the critical stress for slip for the Ti-20Nb-4Zr-2Ta-0.6N alloy. The different effect of dissolution of {alpha} phase can be attributed to the fact that N is absorbed in {alpha} phase. - Abstract: The composition dependence of the mechanical properties and martensitic transformation behavior of Ti-Nb-4Zr-2Ta-N alloys is investigated. The effect of annealing temperature on the microstructural evolution and superelastic properties in the N-added and N-free alloys is compared. The addition of N decreases M{sub s} of Ti-Nb-4Zr-2Ta alloys by about 200 K per 1 at.%N and improves the superelastic properties of Ti-Nb-4Zr-2Ta alloys. The dissolution of {alpha} phase increases the martensitic transformation start temperature and decreases the superelastic recovery strain for the N-free alloy, whereas it causes opposite effects for the N-added alloy. The different annealing temperature dependences of superelastic properties are discussed on the basis of microstructure observation.

Effect of nitrogen addition and annealing temperature on superelastic properties of Ti-Nb-Zr-Ta alloys

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Tahara, Masaki; Kim, Hee Young; Hosoda, Hideki; Nam, Tae-hyun; Miyazaki, Shuichi

2010-01-01

Research highlights: In this study, the effects of composition and annealing temperature on microstructure, shape memory effect and superelastic properties were investigated in Ti-Nb-4Zr-2Ta-N alloys by measuring stress-strain curves at various temperatures and using transmission electron microscopy. Dissolution of α phase increases M s and decreases the critical stress for slip for the Ti-22Nb-4Zr-2Ta alloy while it causes the decrease of M s and the increase of the critical stress for slip for the Ti-20Nb-4Zr-2Ta-0.6N alloy. The different effect of dissolution of α phase can be attributed to the fact that N is absorbed in α phase. - Abstract: The composition dependence of the mechanical properties and martensitic transformation behavior of Ti-Nb-4Zr-2Ta-N alloys is investigated. The effect of annealing temperature on the microstructural evolution and superelastic properties in the N-added and N-free alloys is compared. The addition of N decreases M s of Ti-Nb-4Zr-2Ta alloys by about 200 K per 1 at.%N and improves the superelastic properties of Ti-Nb-4Zr-2Ta alloys. The dissolution of α phase increases the martensitic transformation start temperature and decreases the superelastic recovery strain for the N-free alloy, whereas it causes opposite effects for the N-added alloy. The different annealing temperature dependences of superelastic properties are discussed on the basis of microstructure observation.

Electrochemical and surface behavior of hydyroxyapatite/Ti film on nanotubular Ti-35Nb-xZr alloys

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Jeong, Yong-Hoon; Choe, Han-Cheol; Brantley, William A.

2012-01-01

In this paper, we investigated the electrochemical and surface behavior of hydroxyapatite (HA)/Ti films on the nanotubular Ti-35Nb-xZr alloy. The Ti-35Nb-xZr ternary alloys with 3-10 wt.% Zr content were made by an arc melting method. The nanotubular oxide layers were developed on the Ti-35Nb-xZr alloys by an anodic oxidation method in 1 M H 3 PO 4 electrolyte containing 0.8 wt% NaF at room temperature. The HA/Ti composite films on the nanotubular oxide surfaces were deposited by a magnetron sputtering method. Their surface characteristics were analyzed by field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and an X-ray diffractometer (XRD). The corrosion behavior of the specimens was examined through potentiodynamic and AC impedance tests in 0.9% NaCl solution. From the results, the Ti-35Nb-xZr alloys showed a solely β phase microstructure that resulted from the addition of Zr. The nanotubular structure formed with a diameter of about 200 nm, and the HA/Ti thin film was deposited on the nanotubular structure. The HA/Ti thin film-coated nanotubular Ti-35Nb-xZr alloys showed good corrosion resistance in 0.9% NaCl solution.

Research on Zr50Al15-xNi10Cu25Yx amorphous alloys prepared by mechanical alloying with commercial pure element powders

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Long Woyun; Ouyang Xueqiong; Luo Zhiwei; Li Jing; Lu Anxian

2011-01-01

Amorphous Zr 50 Al 15-x Ni 10 Cu 25 Y x alloy powders were fabricated by mechanical alloying at low vacuum with commercial pure element powders. The effects on glass forming ability of Al partial substituted by Y in Zr 50 Al 15 Ni 10 Cu 25 and thermal stability of Si 3 N 4 powders addition were investigated. The as-milled powders were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and differential scanning calorimeter. The results show that partial substitution of Al can improve the glass forming ability of Zr 50 Al 15 Ni 10 Cu 25 alloy. Minor Si 3 N 4 additions raise the crystallization activation energy of the amorphous phase and thus improve its thermal stability. -- Research Highlights: → ZrAlNiCu amorphous alloys can be synthesized by MA in low cost. → Appropriate amount of Al substituted by Y in ZrAlNiCu alloy can improve its glass forming ability. → A second phase particle addition helps to improve the thermal stability of the amorphous matrix.

Catalytic effect of additional metallic phases on the hydrogen absorption behavior of a Zr-Based alloy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ruiz, F; Peretti, H; Castro, E; Real, S; Visitin, A; Triaca, W

2005-01-01

The electrochemical hydrogen absorption of electrodes containing Zr 0 .9Ti 0 .1(Ni 0 .5Mn 0 .25Cr 0 .20V 0 .05) 2 is studied in alkaline media by monitoring the activation and discharge capacity along charge-discharge cycling.The considered alloy is tested in both as melted and annealed condition in order to investigate the catalytic effect of small amounts of micro segregated secondary phases of the Zr-Ni system. Since these catalytic phases are only present in the as melted alloys, tests are also carried out using a composite material elaborated from powders of the annealed alloy with the addition of 18 wt.% of the suspected catalytic phases, melted separately.The hydrogen absorption-desorption behavior for the different cases is discussed and correlated with the metallurgical characterization of the materials.The catalytic effects are studied employing cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance techniques. The results are analyzed in terms of a developed physicochemical model

Hydrogen isotope storage behavior of Zr1-xTixCo alloys

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Jat, Ram Avtar; Pati, Subhasis; Parida, S.C.; Agarwal, Renu; Mukerjee, S.K.

2016-01-01

Tritium storage properties similar to uranium make ZrCo as a suitable candidate material for storage, supply and recovery of hydrogen isotopes in various tritium facilities. Beside non-radioactive, nonpyrophoric at room temperature and higher storage capacity (H/f.u. up to 3, f.u. = ZrCo), it has been reported that upon repeated hydriding-dehydriding cycles, ZrCo undergoes dis-proportionation as per the reaction; ZrCo + H 2 ↔ ZrH 2 + ZrCo 2 . The present study is aimed to investigate the effect of Ti content on the hydrogen storage behavior of Zr 1-x Ti x Co alloys and the hydrogen isotope effect

Microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of Ti–Zr beta titanium alloy after laser surface remelting

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Yao, Y.; Li, X.; Wang, Y.Y.; Zhao, W.; Li, G.; Liu, R.P.

2014-01-01

Highlights: • The surface mechanical properties of the alloy have been greatly improved. • Its grain size was decreased from 100 μm to 10 μm. • The metastable ω with the size of 20–50 nm was observed in the alloy after LSR. • The strengthening effect is mainly due to fine microstructure and strengthened phase. -- Abstract: The effects of laser surface remelting (LSR) on the microstructural evolution and surface mechanical properties of Ti–Zr beta titanium alloy were investigated. The surfaces of the Ti–Zr alloy was re-melted using a CO 2 laser. X-ray diffraction, Scanning electron microscope, Transmission electron microscope, nanoindentation, and microhardness analyses were performed to evaluate the microstructural and mechanical properties of the alloy. The results showed that the alloy microstructure in the remelting region was greatly refined and homogeneous compared with that in the base material because of the rapid remelting and resolidifying. Meanwhile, the metastable hexagonal ω phases with the size of 20–50 nm was found and uniformly distributed throughout the β matrix after LSR. Phase transformation and microstructural refinement were the major microstructural changes in the alloys after LSR. The microhardness and elastic modulus in the remelted region clearly increased by 92.9% and 21.78%, respectively, compared with those in the region without laser processing. The strengthening effect of LSR on the mechanical properties of the Ti–Zr alloy was also addressed. Our results indicated that LSR was an effective method of improving the surface mechanical properties of alloys

Microstructure and mechanical properties of Ti-15Zr alloy used as dental implant material.

Science.gov (United States)

Medvedev, Alexander E; Molotnikov, Andrey; Lapovok, Rimma; Zeller, Rolf; Berner, Simon; Habersetzer, Philippe; Dalla Torre, Florian

2016-09-01

Ti-Zr alloys have recently started to receive a considerable amount of attention as promising materials for dental applications. This work compares mechanical properties of a new Ti-15Zr alloy to those of commercially pure titanium Grade4 in two surface conditions - machined and modified by sand-blasting and etching (SLA). As a result of significantly smaller grain size in the initial condition (1-2µm), the strength of Ti-15Zr alloy was found to be 10-15% higher than that of Grade4 titanium without reduction in the tensile elongation or compromising the fracture toughness. The fatigue endurance limit of the alloy was increased by around 30% (560MPa vs. 435MPa and 500MPa vs. 380MPa for machined and SLA-treated surfaces, respectively). Additional implant fatigue tests showed enhanced fatigue performance of Ti-15Zr over Ti-Grade4. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Research on aging precipitation in a Cu-Cr-Zr-Mg alloy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Su Juanhua; Dong Qiming; Liu Ping; Li Hejun; Kang Buxi

2005-01-01

The effects of aging processes on the properties and microstructure of Cu-0.3Cr-0.15Zr-0.05Mg lead frame alloy were investigated. Aging precipitation phase was dealt with by transmission electronic microscope (TEM). After solid solution was treated at 920 deg. C and aged at 470 deg. C for 4 h, the fine precipitation of an ordered compound CrCu 2 (Zr, Mg) is found in copper matrix as well as fine Cr and Cu 4 Zr. Along the grain boundary, there are larger chromium. The hardness and electrical conductivity can reach 109 HV and 80% IACS, respectively. Sixty percent cold-rolled deformation prior to aging at 470 deg. C enhances the hardness of the alloy. The coherent precipitates Cr in copper matrix and the dislocations pinned by the fine precipitates are responsible for maximum strengthening of the alloy. So the hardness 165 HV and electrical conductivity 79.2% IACS are available

Effects of Boron-Incorporation in a V-Containing Zr-Based AB2 Metal Hydride Alloy

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Shiuan Chang

2017-11-01

Full Text Available In this study, boron, a metalloid element commonly used in semiconductor applications, was added in a V-containing Zr-based AB2 metal hydride alloy. In general, as the boron content in the alloy increased, the high-rate dischargeability, surface exchange current, and double-layer capacitance first decreased and then increased whereas charge-transfer resistance and dot product of charge-transfer resistance and double-layer capacitance changed in the opposite direction. Electrochemical and gaseous phase characteristics of two boron-containing alloys, with the same boron content detected by the inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer, showed significant variations in performances due to the difference in phase abundance of a newly formed tetragonal V3B2 phase. This new phase contributes to the increases in electrochemical high-rate dischargeability, surface exchange current, charge-transfer resistances at room, and low temperatures. However, the V3B2 phase does not contribute to the hydrogen storage capacities in either gaseous phase and electrochemical environment.

Wettability of zirconium diboride ceramics by Ag, Cu and their alloys with Zr

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Muolo, M.L.; Ferrera, E.; Novakovic, R.; Passerone, A.

2003-01-01

Sintered ZrB 2 ceramics, pure and with 4 wt.% Ni as sintering aid, have been tested in contact with liquid Ag, Cu, Ag-Cu and Ag-Cu-Zr. ''Pure'' ZrB 2 ceramics are wetted by Ag-Zr alloys, and ZrB 2 /Ni ceramics also by pure Cu. The wetting behaviour is briefly discussed in terms of existing wetting theories

Wear resistance of laser-deposited boride reinforced Ti-Nb-Zr-Ta alloy composites for orthopedic implants

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Samuel, Sonia; Nag, Soumya; Scharf, Thomas W.; Banerjee, Rajarshi

2008-01-01

The inherently poor wear resistance of titanium alloys limits their application as femoral heads in femoral (hip) implants. Reinforcing the soft matrix of titanium alloys (including new generation β-Ti alloys) with hard ceramic precipitates such as borides offers the possibility of substantially enhancing the wear resistance of these composites. The present study discusses the microstructure and wear resistance of laser-deposited boride reinforced composites based on Ti-Nb-Zr-Ta alloys. These composites have been deposited using the LENS TM process from a blend of elemental Ti, Nb, Zr, Ta, and boron powders and consist of complex borides dispersed in a matrix of β-Ti. The wear resistance of these composites has been compared with that of Ti-6Al-4V ELI, the current material of choice for orthopedic femoral implants, against two types of counterfaces, hard Si 3 N 4 and softer SS440C stainless steel. Results suggest a substantial improvement in the wear resistance of the boride reinforced Ti-Nb-Zr-Ta alloys as compared with Ti-6Al-4V ELI against the softer counterface of SS440. The presence of an oxide layer on the surface of these alloys and composites also appears to have a substantial effect in terms of enhanced wear resistance

Thermal evolution of nanocrystalline co-sputtered Ni–Zr alloy films: Structural, magnetic and MD simulation studies

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bhattacharya, Debarati; Rao, T.V. Chandrasekhar; Bhushan, K.G.; Ali, Kawsar; Debnath, A.; Singh, S.; Arya, A.; Bhattacharya, S.; Basu, S.

2015-01-01

Monophasic and homogeneous Ni 10 Zr 7 nanocrystalline alloy films were successfully grown at room temperature by co-sputtering in an indigenously developed three-gun DC/RF magnetron sputtering unit. The films could be produced with long-range crystallographic and chemical order in the alloy, thus overcoming the widely acknowledged inherent proclivity of the glass forming Ni–Zr couple towards amorphization. Crystallinity of these alloys is a desirable feature with regard to improved efficacy in applications such as hydrogen storage, catalytic activity and nuclear reactor engineering, to name a few. Thermal stability of this crystalline phase, being vital for transition to viable applications, was investigated through systematic annealing of the alloy films at 473 K, 673 K and 923 K for various durations. While the films were stable at 473 K, the effect of annealing at 673 K was to create segregation into nanocrystalline Ni (superparamagnetic) and amorphous Ni + Zr (non-magnetic) phases. Detailed analyses of the physical and magnetic structures before and after annealing were performed through several techniques effectual in analyzing stratified configurations and the findings were all consistent with each other. Polarized neutron and X-ray reflectometry, grazing incidence x-ray diffraction, time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were used to gauge phase separation at nanometer length scales. SQUID based magnetometry was used to investigate macroscopic magnetic properties. Simulated annealing performed on this system using molecular dynamic calculations corroborated well with the experimental results. This study provides a thorough understanding of the creation and thermal evolution of a crystalline Ni–Zr alloy. - Highlights: • Nanocrystalline Ni 10 Zr 7 alloy thin films deposited successfully by co-sputtering. • Creation of a crystalline alloy in a binary system with a tendency to amorphize. • Quantitative

Thermal evolution of nanocrystalline co-sputtered Ni–Zr alloy films: Structural, magnetic and MD simulation studies

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bhattacharya, Debarati, E-mail: debarati@barc.gov.in [Solid State Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085 (India); Rao, T.V. Chandrasekhar; Bhushan, K.G. [Technical Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085 (India); Ali, Kawsar [Material Science Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085 (India); Debnath, A. [Technical Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085 (India); Singh, S. [Solid State Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085 (India); Arya, A. [Material Science Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085 (India); Bhattacharya, S. [Technical Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085 (India); Basu, S. [Solid State Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085 (India)

2015-11-15

Monophasic and homogeneous Ni{sub 10}Zr{sub 7} nanocrystalline alloy films were successfully grown at room temperature by co-sputtering in an indigenously developed three-gun DC/RF magnetron sputtering unit. The films could be produced with long-range crystallographic and chemical order in the alloy, thus overcoming the widely acknowledged inherent proclivity of the glass forming Ni–Zr couple towards amorphization. Crystallinity of these alloys is a desirable feature with regard to improved efficacy in applications such as hydrogen storage, catalytic activity and nuclear reactor engineering, to name a few. Thermal stability of this crystalline phase, being vital for transition to viable applications, was investigated through systematic annealing of the alloy films at 473 K, 673 K and 923 K for various durations. While the films were stable at 473 K, the effect of annealing at 673 K was to create segregation into nanocrystalline Ni (superparamagnetic) and amorphous Ni + Zr (non-magnetic) phases. Detailed analyses of the physical and magnetic structures before and after annealing were performed through several techniques effectual in analyzing stratified configurations and the findings were all consistent with each other. Polarized neutron and X-ray reflectometry, grazing incidence x-ray diffraction, time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were used to gauge phase separation at nanometer length scales. SQUID based magnetometry was used to investigate macroscopic magnetic properties. Simulated annealing performed on this system using molecular dynamic calculations corroborated well with the experimental results. This study provides a thorough understanding of the creation and thermal evolution of a crystalline Ni–Zr alloy. - Highlights: • Nanocrystalline Ni{sub 10}Zr{sub 7} alloy thin films deposited successfully by co-sputtering. • Creation of a crystalline alloy in a binary system with a tendency to amorphize. �

Comparison of results analysis of chemical composition of alloys inside the U-Zr-Nb by XRF and AAS techniques

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Masrukan; Tri Yulianto; Anwar Muchsin

2011-01-01

U-Zr-Nb alloy chemical composition analysis using X Ray Fluorescence (XRF) and Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) techniques have been conducted, where U-Zr- Nb alloy was chosen as candidates for new high-density fuel for future research reactors . Composition analysis is necessary because the composition of elements in the fuel will determine the characteristics of fuel during the fabrication process and in the reactor. The use of two kinds of analysis techniques were designed to obtain accurate analysis results. The experiment was conducted to determine the major element composition and impurities in the alloy U-Zr-Nb. First U-Zr-Nb varying alloy composition Nb were respectively 1%, 4%, 7% (U10% Zr1% Nb, U10% Zr4% Nb and U10% 7% Nb) as results of the melting process of measuring the diameter of 120 mm crushed on the surface bottom. Once on the bottom surface is smooth, then analyzed using XRF techniques. To analyze the elements using AAS techniques, alloy U-Zr-Nb cut into 10 mm x 5 mm then dissolved using HF and nitric acid. Solution that occurred were analyzed using AAS technique. From the analysis using the XRF technique is obtained the alloy U-10% Zr-1% Nb, U-10% Zr-4% Nb and Zr-10% U-7% Nb) had a content of each element as follows: U (87.8858%), Zr (2.6097%) and Nb (0.2206%), U (87.8556%), Zr (2.6302%), and Nb (0.6573%); U (84.6334%), Zr (2.5773%), and Nb (1.0940) weight. Results of analysis using AAS techniques on samples obtained third consecutive Zr content of 9.25%, 8.90% and 9.80% while the content of Nb was not detected. Meanwhile, the results of elemental analysis of impurities in all three samples showed that almost all the elements are still qualify as fuel except Zn element. Element Zn at the three samples of each alloys U-10% Zr-1% Nb, U-10% Zr-4% Nb and U-10% Zr-7%Nb is 1.3266%, 3.2756% and 1.0927% weight. It could be concluded that the results of analysis of elemental content and impurities in the alloy U-Nb-Zr using both XRF and AAS visible

Corrosion-Resistant Ti- xNb- xZr Alloys for Nitric Acid Applications in Spent Nuclear Fuel Reprocessing Plants

Science.gov (United States)

Manivasagam, Geetha; Anbarasan, V.; Kamachi Mudali, U.; Raj, Baldev

2011-09-01

This article reports the development, microstructure, and corrosion behavior of two new alloys such as Ti-4Nb-4Zr and Ti-2Nb-2Zr in boiling nitric acid environment. The corrosion test was carried out in the liquid, vapor, and condensate phases of 11.5 M nitric acid, and the potentiodynamic anodic polarization studies were performed at room temperature for both alloys. The samples subjected to three-phase corrosion testing were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray microanalysis (EDAX). As Ti-2Nb-2Zr alloy exhibited inferior corrosion behavior in comparison to Ti-4Nb-4Zr in all three phases, weldability and heat treatment studies were carried out only on Ti-4Nb-4Zr alloy. The weldability of the new alloy was evaluated using tungsten inert gas (TIG) welding processes, and the welded specimen was thereafter tested for its corrosion behavior in all three phases. The results of the present investigation revealed that the newly developed near alpha Ti-4Nb-4Zr alloy possessed superior corrosion resistance in all three phases and excellent weldability compared to conventional alloys used for nitric acid application in spent nuclear reprocessing plants. Further, the corrosion resistance of the beta heat-treated Ti-4Nb-4Zr alloy was superior when compared to the sample heat treated in the alpha + beta phase.

Creep deformation behaviour and microstructural changes in Zr-2.5% Nb alloy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Chaudhuri, S.; Singh, R.; Ghosh, R.N.; Sinha, T.K.; Banerjee, S.

2002-01-01

Cold worked and stress relieved Zr-2.5% Nb alloy is a well-known material used as pressure tubes in Pressurised Heavy Water Reactors. The pressure tubes, made of a typical Zr-alloy, consisting of 2.54% Nb, 0.1175% oxygen and less than 100 ppm impurities, are expected to withstand 9.5 MPa to 12.5 MPa pressure at 250 degC to 310 degC under fast neutron fluxes of 3.5 x 10 17 nm -2 s -1 . These tubes are made by hot extrusion at 780 degC with an extrusion ratio 8.3:1 and 40% cold pilgering followed by annealing at 550 degC for 3 hours and subsequently by 20-30% cold pilgering and stress relieving at 400 degC for 24 hours. The microstructure of such cold worked and stress relieved alloy consists of Β-Zr precipitates in the matrix of elongated Α-Zr grains. Although various factors such as irradiation creep, thermal creep, irradiation growth etc are responsible for limiting the life of pressure tubes; the thermal creep contributes significantly in overall creep deformation. Keeping this in view as well as due to non-availability of adequate published information including creep database on this alloy, an extensive investigation on the thermal creep behaviour of indigenously produced Zr-2.5% Nb alloy was undertaken. The creep tests in air using Mayes' creep testing machines were carried out in the temperature range of 300 degC to 450 degC under stresses in the range of 50 to 550 MPa. Analysis of data revealed that the mechanism of creep deformation remains the same in this range

Indentation creep behaviors of amorphous Cu-based composite alloys

Science.gov (United States)

Song, Defeng; Ma, Xiangdong; Qian, Linfang

2018-04-01

This work reports the indentation creep behaviors of two Si2Zr3/amorphous Cu-based composite alloys utilizing nanoindentation technique. By analysis with Kelvin model, the retardation spectra of alloys at different positions, detached and attached regions to the intermetallics, were deduced. For the indentation of detached regions to Si2Zr3 intermetallics in both alloys, very similarity in creep displacement can be observed and retardation spectra show a distinct disparity in the second retardation peak. For the indentation of detached regions, the second retardation spectra also display distinct disparity. At both positions, the retardation spectra suggest that Si elements may lead to the relatively dense structure in the amorphous matrix and to form excessive Si2Zr3 intermetallics which may deteriorate the plastic deformation of current Cu-based composite alloys.

Similar and dissimilar friction welding of Zr-Cu-Al bulk glassy alloys

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Shin, Hyung-Seop; Park, Jung-Soo; Jung, Yoon-Chul; Ahn, Jung-Ho; Yokoyama, Yoshihiko; Inoue, Akihisa

2009-01-01

The friction welding of three kinds of Zr-Cu-Al bulk glassy alloys (BGAs) which show eutectic or hypoeutectic compositions to similar and dissimilar BGAs and crystalline metals has been tried. The shape and volume of the protrusion formed at the weld interface were investigated. In order to characterize the friction welded interface, micrographic observation and X-ray diffraction analysis on the weld cross-section were carried out. A successful joining of Zr-Cu-Al bulk glassy alloys to similar and dissimilar BGAs was achieved without occurrence of crystallizations at the weld interface through the precise control of friction conditions. In addition, the joining of Zr 50 Cu 40 Al 10 BGA to crystalline alloys was tried, but it was only successful for specific material combinations. The residual strength after welding of dissimilar BGAs was evaluated by the four-point bending test.

Obtaining of U-2.5Zr7.5Nb and U-3Zr-9Nb alloys by sintering process

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Mazzeu, Thiago de Oliveira; Paula, Joao Bosco de; Ferraz, Wilmar Barbosa; Santos, Ana Maria Matildes dos; Brina, Jose Giovanni Mascarenhas

2011-01-01

The development of metallic fuels with low enrichment to be used in research and test reactors, as well in the future pressurized water reactors, focuses on the search for uranium alloys of high density. Alloying elements such as Zr, Nb and Mo are added to uranium to improve fuel performance in reactors. In this context, the Centro de Desenvolvimento da Tecnologia Nuclear (CDTN) in Belo Horizonte is developing the U-2.5Zr-7.5Nb and U- 3Zr-9Nb (weight %) alloys by the innovative process of sintering that utilizes raw materials in the form of powders. The powders were pressed at 400MPa and then sintered under a vacuum of about 5 x 10-6 Torr at temperatures ranging from 1050 deg to 1300 deg C. The densities of the alloys were measured geometrically and by hydrostatic method using water. The microstructures of the pellets were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and the elements of alloying were identified by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDS) analysis. The obtained results showed a small increasing density with rising sintering temperature. The highest density achieved was approximately 80% of theoretical density. It was also qualitatively observed that the superficial oxidation of the pellets increased with increasing sintering temperature thus avoiding the fusion of the alloys at higher temperatures. (author)

Influence of Zr and nano-Y{sub 2}O{sub 3} additions on thermal stability and improved hardness in mechanically alloyed Fe base ferritic alloys

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kotan, Hasan, E-mail: hkotan@konya.edu.tr [Department of Metallurgical Engineering and Materials Science, Necmettin Erbakan University, Dere Aşıklar Mah. Demet Sokak, Meram, Konya 42140 (Turkey); Darling, Kris A. [U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Weapons and Materials Research Directorate, RDRL-WMM-F, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005-5069 (United States); Scattergood, Ronald O.; Koch, Carl C. [Department of Materials Science and Engineering, NC State University, 911 Partners Way, Room 3078, Raleigh, NC 27695-7907 (United States)

2014-12-05

The motivation of this work was driven to improve the thermal stability in systems where polymorphic transformations can result in an additional driving force, upsetting the expected thermodynamic stability. In this study, Fe{sub 92}Ni{sub 8} alloys with Zr and nano-Y{sub 2}O{sub 3} additions were produced by ball milling and then annealed at high temperatures. Emphasis was placed on understanding the effects of dispersed nano-Y{sub 2}O{sub 3} particle additions and their effect on microstructural stability at and above the bcc-to-fcc transformation occurring at 700 °C in Fe–Ni systems. Results reveal that microstructural stability and hardness can be promoted by a combination of Zr and Y{sub 2}O{sub 3} additions, that being mostly effective for stability before and after phase transition, respectively. The mechanical strength of these alloys is achieved by a unique microstructure comprised a ultra-fine grain Fe base matrix, which contains dispersions of both nano-scale in-situ formed Zr base intermetallics and ex-situ added Y{sub 2}O{sub 3} secondary oxide phases. Both of these were found to be essential for a combination of high thermal stability and high mechanical strength properties. - Highlights: • Polymorphic transformations can limit the processing of nanostructured powders. • It causes a rapid grain growth and impairs the improved mechanical properties. • We aim to improve the hardness and thermal stability above the phase transformation. • Thermal stability is achieved by a combination of Zr and Y{sub 2}O{sub 3} additions. • Hardness is promoted by in-situ formed and ex-situ added secondary nano phases.

Effect of Cr, Ti, V, and Zr Micro-additions on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of the Al-Si-Cu-Mg Cast Alloy

Science.gov (United States)

Shaha, S. K.; Czerwinski, F.; Kasprzak, W.; Friedman, J.; Chen, D. L.

2016-05-01

Uniaxial static and cyclic tests were used to assess the role of Cr, Ti, V, and Zr additions on properties of the Al-7Si-1Cu-0.5Mg (wt pct) alloy in as-cast and T6 heat-treated conditions. The microstructure of the as-cast alloy consisted of α-Al, eutectic Si, and Cu-, Mg-, and Fe-rich phases Al2.1Cu, Al8.5Si2.4Cu, Al5.2CuMg4Si5.1, and Al14Si7.1FeMg3.3. In addition, the micro-sized Cr/Zr/Ti/V-rich phases Al10.7SiTi3.6, Al6.7Si1.2TiZr1.8, Al21.4Si3.4Ti4.7VZr1.8, Al18.5Si7.3Cr2.6V, Al7.9Si8.5Cr6.8V4.1Ti, Al6.3Si23.2FeCr9.2V1.6Ti1.3, Al92.2Si16.7Fe7.6Cr8.3V1.8, and Al8.2Si30.1Fe1.6Cr18.8V3.3Ti2.9Zr were present. During solution treatment, Cu-rich phases were completely dissolved, while the eutectic silicon, Fe-, and Cr/Zr/Ti/V-rich intermetallics experienced only partial dissolution. Micro-additions of Cr, Zr, Ti, and V positively affected the alloy strength. The modified alloy in the T6 temper during uniaxial tensile tests exhibited yield strength of 289 MPa and ultimate tensile strength of 342 MPa, being significantly higher than that for the Al-Si-Cu-Mg base. Besides, the cyclic yield stress of the modified alloy in the T6 state increased by 23 pct over that of the base alloy. The fatigue life of the modified alloy was substantially longer than that of the base alloy tested using the same parameters. The role of Cr, Ti, V, and Zr containing phases in controlling the alloy fracture during static and cyclic loading is discussed.

Origin of nondetectable x-ray diffraction peaks in nanocomposite CuTiZr alloys

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Jiang, Jianzhong; Kato, H.; Ohsuna, T.

2003-01-01

Microscopic structures of Cu60Ti10+xZr30-x (x=0 and 10) alloys have been investigated by transmission electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction (XRD) and differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). In the Cu60Ti10Zr30 samples annealed at 708 K for times ranging from 0 to 130 min, where the enthalpy...... of the first exothermic peak decreases by 80%, the corresponding XRD patterns still look similar to that for the as-prepared sample. However, the simulated XRD patterns for the pure Cu51Zr14 phase, which is the crystalline phase formed during the first exothermic reaction, with small grain sizes and defects...... clearly show a broadened amorphous-like feature. This might be the reason that no diffraction peaks from the nanocrystalline component were detected in the XRD patterns recorded for the as-cast or as-spun Cu60Ti10+xZr30-x (x=0 and 10) alloys and for the alloys annealed at lower temperatures, in which...

Enhancement of the electrochemical behaviour and biological performance of Ti–25Ta–5Zr alloy by thermo-mechanical processing

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Cimpean, Anisoara [Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bucharest, Spl. Independentei, 91-95, 050095 Bucharest (Romania); Vasilescu, Ecaterina; Drob, Paula [Department of Electrochemistry and Corrosion, Institute of Physical Chemistry “Ilie Murgulescu” of Romanian Academy, Spl. Independentei 202, 060021 Bucharest (Romania); Cinca, Ion, E-mail: ion_cinca@hotmail.com [Faculty of Material Science and Engineering, Politehnica University, Spl. Independentei 313, 060042 Bucharest (Romania); Vasilescu, Cora; Anastasescu, Mihai [Department of Electrochemistry and Corrosion, Institute of Physical Chemistry “Ilie Murgulescu” of Romanian Academy, Spl. Independentei 202, 060021 Bucharest (Romania); Mitran, Valentina [Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bucharest, Spl. Independentei, 91-95, 050095 Bucharest (Romania); Drob, Silviu Iulian [Department of Electrochemistry and Corrosion, Institute of Physical Chemistry “Ilie Murgulescu” of Romanian Academy, Spl. Independentei 202, 060021 Bucharest (Romania)

2014-05-01

A new Ti–25Ta–5Zr alloy based only on non-toxic and non-allergic elements was elaborated in as-cast and thermo-mechanical processed, recrystallized states (XRD and SEM) in order to be used as candidate material for implant applications. Its long-term interactions with Ringer–Brown and Ringer solutions of different pH values and its cytocompatibility were determined. The thermo-mechanically processed alloy has nobler electrochemical behaviour than as-cast alloy due to finer microstructure obtained after the applied treatment. Corrosion and ion release rates presented the lowest values for the treated alloy. Nyquist and Bode plots displayed higher impedance values and phase angles for the processed alloy, denoting a more protective passive film. SEM micrographs revealed depositions from solutions that contain calcium, phosphorous and oxygen ions (EDX analysis), namely calcium phosphate. An electric equivalent circuit with two time constants was modelled. Cell culture experiments with MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblasts demonstrated that thermo-mechanically processed Ti–25Ta–5Zr alloy supports a better cell adhesion and spreading, and enhanced cell proliferation. Altogether, these data indicate that thermo-mechanical treatment endows the alloy with improved anticorrosion and biological performances. - Highlights: • Ti–25Ta–5Zr alloy exhibited noble electrochemical, passive behaviour in simulated biofluids. • An electric equivalent circuit with two time constants was modelled. • Corrosion rates show the lowest values for the recrystallized Ti–25Ta–5Zr alloy. • In vitro tests revealed good cytocompatibility of as-cast and processed alloy. • Recrystallized treatment endows the alloy with superior biological performances.

Enhancement of the electrochemical behaviour and biological performance of Ti–25Ta–5Zr alloy by thermo-mechanical processing

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Cimpean, Anisoara; Vasilescu, Ecaterina; Drob, Paula; Cinca, Ion; Vasilescu, Cora; Anastasescu, Mihai; Mitran, Valentina; Drob, Silviu Iulian

2014-01-01

A new Ti–25Ta–5Zr alloy based only on non-toxic and non-allergic elements was elaborated in as-cast and thermo-mechanical processed, recrystallized states (XRD and SEM) in order to be used as candidate material for implant applications. Its long-term interactions with Ringer–Brown and Ringer solutions of different pH values and its cytocompatibility were determined. The thermo-mechanically processed alloy has nobler electrochemical behaviour than as-cast alloy due to finer microstructure obtained after the applied treatment. Corrosion and ion release rates presented the lowest values for the treated alloy. Nyquist and Bode plots displayed higher impedance values and phase angles for the processed alloy, denoting a more protective passive film. SEM micrographs revealed depositions from solutions that contain calcium, phosphorous and oxygen ions (EDX analysis), namely calcium phosphate. An electric equivalent circuit with two time constants was modelled. Cell culture experiments with MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblasts demonstrated that thermo-mechanically processed Ti–25Ta–5Zr alloy supports a better cell adhesion and spreading, and enhanced cell proliferation. Altogether, these data indicate that thermo-mechanical treatment endows the alloy with improved anticorrosion and biological performances. - Highlights: • Ti–25Ta–5Zr alloy exhibited noble electrochemical, passive behaviour in simulated biofluids. • An electric equivalent circuit with two time constants was modelled. • Corrosion rates show the lowest values for the recrystallized Ti–25Ta–5Zr alloy. • In vitro tests revealed good cytocompatibility of as-cast and processed alloy. • Recrystallized treatment endows the alloy with superior biological performances

Creep and stress rupture behaviour of zircaloy-2 and Zr-2.5% Nb alloy tubes at 573 K

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Laha, K.; Bhanu Sankara Rao, K.; Chandravathi, K.S.; Mannan, S.L.

1992-01-01

Zirconium alloys are extensively used for coolant tubes of pressurised heavy water reactors. The choice of these materials is based on their good corrosion resistance in water, low capture cross section for thermal neutrons and good mechanical properties. In this paper the results of an investigation performed on the creep and rupture behaviour of indigenously produced zircaloy-2 and Zr-2.5% Nb alloy are presented. Samples for creep testing were cut longitudinally from finished pressure tubes. Creep rupture tests were carried out in air under constant load conditions at 300 C employing five stress levels in the range 300-360 MPa. Zr-2.5% Nb alloy displayed higher rupture lives at all stress levels compared to zircaloy-2. Steady state creep rate of Zr-2.5%Nb was lower than that zircaloy-2 at identical stress levels. In the stress range of the experiments, the dependence of the steady state creep rate (ε s ) on applied stress (σ) for both the alloys could be represented by a power law, ε s =A σ n The stress sensitivity (n) for Zr-2.5% Nb was lower than that of zircaloy-2. For both the alloys the time to creep rupture t r was found related to the steady state creep rate through the modified Monkman-Grant relation (ε s ) α . t r = constant. Similar value of α was obtained for both the materials. Zr-2.5%Nb exhibited higher ductility (% elongation to rupture) compared to zircaloy-2 at stress levels ≥ 320 MPa. At lower stresses significant difference in ductility was not noticed. Percentage reduction in area was lower in Zr-2.5%Nb at all stress levels indicating better resistance for necking. The time for onset of tertiary was longer for Zr-2.5% Nb alloy. The proportion of life spent by Zr-2.5% Nb in steady state creep regime was higher compared to that of zircaloy-2. Metallographic investigations on longitudinal sections in both the alloys showed large number of intragranular pores close to the fracture surface. A few number of cracks which are characteristic of

Effects of Ce and Zr addition on microstructure and hardness of Al-Si-Cu-Mg alloy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bevilaqua, William Lemos; Reguly, Afonso; Froehlich, Andre Ronaldo; Stadtlander, Antonio Ricardo

2016-01-01

The effects of cerium and zirconium contents (0.3%-0.16%Zr; 0.3%-0.27%Zr e 0.3%-0.36%Zr) to aluminum alloy 354.0 was investigated by microstructural analysis and hardness measurements in as-cast and heat-treated conditions. The macrostructure show an excellent grain refinement for all Ce and Zr contents used. Additionally, the Cu-Ce reaction during solidification changes significantly the age hardening process of modified alloys. (author)

Scratch Behaviors of Cr-Coated Zr-Based Fuel Claddings for Accident-Tolerant Fuels

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lee, Young-Ho; Kim, Il-Hyun; Kim, Hyun-Gil; Kim, Hyung-Kyu; Koo, Yang-Hyun [Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Daejeon (Korea, Republic of)

2015-10-15

As the progression of Fukushima accident is worsened by the runaway reaction at a high temperature above 1200 .deg. C, it is essential to ensure the stabilities of coating layers on conventional Zr-based alloys during normal operations as well as severe accident conditions. This is because the failures of coating layer result in galvanic corrosion phenomenon by potential difference between coating layer and Zr alloy. Also, it is possible to damage the coating layer during handling and manufacturing process by contacting structural components of a fuel assembly. So, adhesion strength is one of the key factors determining the reliability of the coating layer on conventional Zr-based alloy. In this study, two kinds of Cr-coated Zr-based claddings were prepared using arc ion plating (AIP) and direct laser (DL) coating methods. The objective is to evaluate the scratch deformation behaviors of each coating layers on Zr alloys. Large area spallation below normal load of about 15 N appeared to be the predominant mode of failure in the AIP coating during scratch test. However, no tensile crack were found in entire stroke length. In DL coating, small plastic deformation and grooving behavior are more dominant scratching results. It was observed that the change of the slope of the COF curve did not coincide with the failure of coating layer.

Evidence of icosahedral short-range order in Zr70Cu30 and Zr70Cu29Pd1 metallic glasses

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Saksl, K.; Franz, H.; Jovari, P.

2003-01-01

Change in local atomic environment during crystallization of Zr-based glassy alloys was studied by extended x-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy. The formation of icosahedral quasicrystalline phase followed by crystallization of tetragonal CuZr2 has been observed in the Zr70Cu29Pd1...... glassy alloy during annealing up to 850 K. On the other hand, the binary Zr70Cu30 alloy shows a single glassy to crystalline CuZr2 phase transformation. The local atomic environment of as-quenched Zr70Cu30 alloy is matched to an icosahedral local atomic configuration, which is similar to that of the as......-quenched Zr70Cu29Pd1 alloy and the alloy annealed at 593 K containing icosahedral phase. Considering that the supercooled liquid region appears prior to crystallization in the Zr70Cu30 glassy alloy, the observed results support the theory claiming a strong correlation between the existence of local...

Amorphization and crystallization of Zr{sub 66.7-x}Cu{sub 33.3}Nb{sub x} (x = 0, 2, 4) alloys during mechanical alloying

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Wang Yan [Key Laboratory of Liquid Structure and Heredity of Materials, Shandong University, 73 Jingshi Road, Jinan 250061 (China); School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Jinan, 106 Jiwei Road, Jinan 250022 (China); Chen Xiuxiu [School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Jinan, 106 Jiwei Road, Jinan 250022 (China); Geng Haoran [School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Jinan, 106 Jiwei Road, Jinan 250022 (China)], E-mail: mse_wangy@ujn.edu.cn; Yang Zhongxi [Key Laboratory of Liquid Structure and Heredity of Materials, Shandong University, 73 Jingshi Road, Jinan 250061 (China); School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Jinan, 106 Jiwei Road, Jinan 250022 (China)

2009-04-17

In the present paper, the effect of Nb and different rotation speeds on the amorphization and crystallization of Zr{sub 66.7-x}Cu{sub 33.3}Nb{sub x} (x = 0, 2, 4) alloys during mechanical alloying has been investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The results show that the minor addition of Nb can shorten the start time of the amorphization reaction, improve the glass forming ability of Zr-Cu alloys, but cannot promote the formation of a single amorphous phase at a lower rotation speed of 200 rpm. The glass forming ability of the Zr{sub 66.7-x}Cu{sub 33.3}Nb{sub x} (x = 0, 2, 4) alloys increases with increasing Nb additions. At a higher rotation speed of 350 rpm, a single amorphous phase of Zr{sub 66.7-x}Cu{sub 33.3}Nb{sub x} (x = 0, 2, 4) can be successfully fabricated. Moreover, the Nb addition into Zr-Cu alloys can accelerate the amorphization process and improve the stability of the amorphous phase against the mechanically induced crystallization. Furthermore, the amorphous Zr{sub 66.7}Cu{sub 33.3} phase gradually transforms into a metastable fcc-Zr{sub 2}Cu phase with increasing milling time.

Electrochemical hydrogen storage in ZrCrNiPd{sub x} alloys

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ruiz, F.C. [Centro Atomico Bariloche (CAB), Comision Nacional de Energia Atomica (CNEA), C. P. 8400, S. C. de Bariloche (RN) (Argentina); CONICET Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas, Av. Rivadavia 1917, C1033AAJ, Ciudad de Buenos Aires (Argentina); Peretti, H.A. [Centro Atomico Bariloche (CAB), Comision Nacional de Energia Atomica (CNEA), C. P. 8400, S. C. de Bariloche (RN) (Argentina); Instituto Balseiro, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, C. P. 8400, S. C. de Bariloche (RN) (Argentina); Visintin, A. [CONICET Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas, Av. Rivadavia 1917, C1033AAJ, Ciudad de Buenos Aires (Argentina); Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquimicas, Teoricas y Aplicadas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Suc. 4, C.C.: 16/Comision de Investigaciones Cientificas Provincia de Buenos Aires (C.I.C.), CP: 1900, La Plata (Argentina)

2010-06-15

The consumption of rechargeable batteries at worldwide level has increased constantly in the last years, mainly due to the use of portable devices such as cellular phones, digital cameras, computers, music and video reproducers, etc. Nickel Metal Hydride (NiMH) is a rechargeable battery system widely used in these devices, also including the most of electrical and hybrid vehicles (EV and HEV). The study of hydride forming alloys is fundamental for its use as negative electrode component in NiMH batteries. In previous works, the electrocatalytic effect of Pd element addition to the electrode, in powder form and by means of electroless technique, has been studied. In this work, AB{sub 2}-type alloys are studied, in which Pd is incorporated to the structure by re-melting inside an arc furnace. The base alloy composition is ZrCrNi, and the composition of the elaborated compounds is ZrCrNiPd{sub x} (x = 0.095 and 0.19). The effect of the composition modification on these materials on properties such as electrochemical discharge capacity, activation and high rate dischargeability (HRD) is analyzed. (author)

Effect of Zr Purity and Oxygen Content on the Structure and Mechanical Properties of Melt-Spun and Suction-Cast Cu46Zr42Al7Y5 Alloy

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Kozieł T.

2016-06-01

Full Text Available The effect of oxygen content in zirconium on the structure and mechanical properties of the Cu46Zr42Al7Y5 alloy, in the form of melt-spun ribbons and suction-cast rods, was investigated. Two types of Zr, rod and crystal bar of different nominal purities and oxygen contents, were used to synthesize the alloy by arc melting. Rapidly solidified ribbons were produced by melt spinning and their amorphous structures were confirmed by X-ray diffractometry (XRD and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC. Bulk samples in the form of rods were cast using a special water-cooled suction casting unit attached to the arc melting system. XRD and DSC studies proved the amorphous structure of the bulk alloy synthesized from low-oxygen Zr and partial crystallization of the same alloy for high-oxygen Zr. In both bulk samples, uniformly distributed crystalline particles were identified as yttrium oxides. Higher mean compressive strength of amorphous alloy was observed. The hardness of amorphous phase was close to 500 HV1 in both bulk alloys, while the hardness of crystalline dendritic areas, observed in the alloy synthesized from high oxygen Zr, was lower by about 50 HV1.

Microstructure and mechanical properties of Al-Cu-Mg-Mn-Zr alloy with trace amounts of Ag

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Liu Xiaoyan; Pan Qinglin; Lu Congge; He Yunbin; Li Wenbin; Liang Wenjie

2009-01-01

The microstructure and mechanical properties of Al-Cu-Mg-(Ag)-Mn-Zr alloys were studied by means of tensile testing, optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results show that small additions of Ag to Al-Cu-Mg-Mn-Zr alloy can accelerate the hardening effect of the aged alloy and reduce the time to peak-aged. The mechanical properties can be improved both at room temperature and at elevated temperatures, which is attributed to the fine and uniform plate-like Ω precipitates. Meanwhile the ductility of the studied alloys remains at relatively high level. The major strengthening phases of the Ag-free alloy are θ' and less S', while that of Al-Cu-Mg-Mn-Zr alloy containing trace amounts of Ag are Ω and less θ'.

Improving High-Temperature Tensile and Low-Cycle Fatigue Behavior of Al-Si-Cu-Mg Alloys Through Micro-additions of Ti, V, and Zr

Science.gov (United States)

Shaha, S. K.; Czerwinski, F.; Kasprzak, W.; Friedman, J.; Chen, D. L.

2015-07-01

High-temperature tensile and low-cycle fatigue tests were performed to assess the influence of micro-additions of Ti, V, and Zr on the improvement of the Al-7Si-1Cu-0.5Mg (wt pct) alloy in the as-cast condition. Addition of transition metals led to modification of microstructure where in addition to conventional phases present in the Al-7Si-1Cu-0.5Mg base, new thermally stable micro-sized Zr-Ti-V-rich phases Al21.4Si4.1Ti3.5VZr3.9, Al6.7Si1.2TiZr1.8, Al2.8Si3.8V1.6Zr, and Al5.1Si35.4Ti1.6Zr5.7Fe were formed. The tensile tests showed that with increasing test temperature from 298 K to 673 K (25 °C to 400 °C), the yield stress and tensile strength of the present studied alloy decreased from 161 to 84 MPa and from 261 to 102 MPa, respectively. Also, the studied alloy exhibited 18, 12, and 5 pct higher tensile strength than the alloy A356, 354 and existing Al-Si-Cu-Mg alloy modified with additions of Zr, Ti, and Ni, respectively. The fatigue life of the studied alloy was substantially longer than those of the reference alloys A356 and the same Al-7Si-1Cu-0.5Mg base with minor additions of V, Zr, and Ti in the T6 condition. Fractographic analysis after tensile tests revealed that at the lower temperature up to 473 K (200 °C), the cleavage-type brittle fracture for the precipitates and ductile fracture for the matrix were dominant while at higher temperature fully ductile-type fracture with debonding and pull-out of cracked particles was identified. It is believed that the intermetallic precipitates containing Zr, Ti, and V improve the alloy performance at increased temperatures.

TiZrNbTaMo high-entropy alloy designed for orthopedic implants: As-cast microstructure and mechanical properties.

Science.gov (United States)

Wang, Shao-Ping; Xu, Jian

2017-04-01

Combining the high-entropy alloy (HEA) concept with property requirement for orthopedic implants, we designed a Ti 20 Zr 20 Nb 20 Ta 20 Mo 20 equiatomic HEA. The arc-melted microstructures, compressive properties and potentiodynamic polarization behavior in phosphate buffer solution (PBS) were studied in detail. It was revealed that the as-cast TiZrNbTaMo HEA consisted of dual phases with bcc structure, major bcc1 and minor bcc2 phases with the lattice parameters of 0.3310nm and 0.3379nm, respectively. As confirmed by nanoindentation tests, the bcc1 phase is somewhat harder and stiffer than the bcc2 phase. The TiZrNbTaMo HEA exhibited Young's modulus of 153GPa, Vickers microhardness of 4.9GPa, compressive yield strength of σ y =1390MPa and apparent plastic strain of ε p ≈6% prior to failure. Moreover, the TiZrNbTaMo HEA manifested excellent corrosion resistance in PBS, comparable to the Ti6Al4V alloy, and pitting resistance remarkably superior to the 316L SS and CoCrMo alloys. These preliminary advantages of the TiZrNbTaMo HEA over the current orthopedic implant metals in mechanical properties and corrosion resistance offer an opportunity to explore new orthopedic-implant alloys based on the TiZrNbTaMo concentrated composition. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Improvement of mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of biodegradable Mg-Nd-Zn-Zr alloys by double extrusion

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Zhang, Xiaobo, E-mail: xbxbzhang2003@163.com [School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Institute of Technology, Nanjing, 211167 (China); Wang, Zhangzhong [School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Institute of Technology, Nanjing, 211167 (China); Yuan, Guangyin [National Engineering Research Center of Light Alloy Net Forming, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240 (China); Xue, Yajun [School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Institute of Technology, Nanjing, 211167 (China)

2012-08-01

Highlights: Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Microstructure of Mg-Nd-Zn-Zr alloys was refined and homogenized by double extrusion process. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer The mechanical properties of the alloys were significantly enhanced by double extrusion. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer The biocorrosion resistance of the alloys was improved by double extrusion. - Abstract: Mg-Nd-Zn-Zr alloy is a novel and promising biodegradable magnesium alloy due to good biocompatibility, desired uniform corrosion mode and outstanding corrosion resistance in simulated body fluid (SBF). However, the corrosion resistance and mechanical properties should be improved to meet the requirement of the biodegradable implants, such as plates, screws and cardiovascular stents. In the present study, double extrusion process was adopted to refine microstructure and improve mechanical properties of Mg-2.25Nd-0.11Zn-0.43Zr and Mg-2.70Nd-0.20Zn-0.41Zr alloys. The corrosion resistance of the alloys after double extrusion was also studied. The results show that the microstructure of the alloys under double extrusion becomes much finer and more homogeneous than those under once extrusion. The yield strength, ultimate tensile strength and elongation of the alloys under double extrusion are over 270 MPa, 300 MPa and 32%, respectively, indicating that outstanding mechanical properties of Mg-Nd-Zn-Zr alloy can be obtained by double extrusion. The results of immersion experiment and electrochemical measurements in SBF show that the corrosion resistance of Alloy 1 and Alloy 2 under double extrusion was increased by 7% and 8% respectively compared with those under just once extrusion.

Improvement of mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of biodegradable Mg–Nd–Zn–Zr alloys by double extrusion

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zhang, Xiaobo; Wang, Zhangzhong; Yuan, Guangyin; Xue, Yajun

2012-01-01

Highlights: ► Microstructure of Mg–Nd–Zn–Zr alloys was refined and homogenized by double extrusion process. ► The mechanical properties of the alloys were significantly enhanced by double extrusion. ► The biocorrosion resistance of the alloys was improved by double extrusion. - Abstract: Mg–Nd–Zn–Zr alloy is a novel and promising biodegradable magnesium alloy due to good biocompatibility, desired uniform corrosion mode and outstanding corrosion resistance in simulated body fluid (SBF). However, the corrosion resistance and mechanical properties should be improved to meet the requirement of the biodegradable implants, such as plates, screws and cardiovascular stents. In the present study, double extrusion process was adopted to refine microstructure and improve mechanical properties of Mg–2.25Nd–0.11Zn–0.43Zr and Mg–2.70Nd–0.20Zn–0.41Zr alloys. The corrosion resistance of the alloys after double extrusion was also studied. The results show that the microstructure of the alloys under double extrusion becomes much finer and more homogeneous than those under once extrusion. The yield strength, ultimate tensile strength and elongation of the alloys under double extrusion are over 270 MPa, 300 MPa and 32%, respectively, indicating that outstanding mechanical properties of Mg–Nd–Zn–Zr alloy can be obtained by double extrusion. The results of immersion experiment and electrochemical measurements in SBF show that the corrosion resistance of Alloy 1 and Alloy 2 under double extrusion was increased by 7% and 8% respectively compared with those under just once extrusion.

Crystallization of the amorphous Fe{sub 80}Zr{sub 12}B{sub 8} alloy under controlled heating

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Huang, H. [School of Engineering (H6), University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7XH (United Kingdom); Shao, G. [Centre for Materials Research and Innovation, University of Bolton, Bolton BL3 5AB (United Kingdom)], E-mail: G.Shao@bolton.ac.uk; Tsakiropoulos, P. [Department of Engineering Materials, Sir Robert Hadfirld Building, University of Sheffield, Mappin Street, Sheffield S1 3JD (United Kingdom)

2008-07-14

The devitrification process of amorphous Fe{sub 80}Zr{sub 12}B{sub 8} alloy ribbons were studied under controlled thermal conditions. The major crystallization event during continuous heating with differential scanning calorimetory (DSC) is dictated by diffusion controlled growth and the associated atom mobility of the slow diffusing species Zr. The existence of prior nano-crystals formed by pre-annealing below the crystallization temperature had little effect on the major crystallization temperature. The crystallization sequence during heating was: amorphous {yields} amorphous + {alpha}-Fe + Fe{sub 3}Zr(B) {yields} amorphous + {alpha}-Fe + Fe{sub 3}Zr(B) + Fe{sub 2}Zr. Different from previous findings in alloys of lower Zr and B contents, the peak for the crystallization of the {alpha}-Fe phase alone is missing in the DSC traces of this alloy.

Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of TIG and FSW Joints of a New Al-Mg-Mn-Sc-Zr Alloy

Science.gov (United States)

Xu, Guofu; Qian, Jian; Xiao, Dan; Deng, Ying; Lu, Liying; Yin, Zhimin

2016-04-01

A new Al-5.8%Mg-0.4%Mn-0.25%Sc-0.10%Zr (wt.%) alloy was successfully welded by tungsten inert gas (TIG) and friction stir welding (FSW) techniques, respectively. The mechanical properties and microstructure of the welded joints were investigated by microhardness measurements, tensile tests, and microscopy methods. The results show that the ultimate tensile strength, yield strength, and elongation to failure are 358, 234 MPa, and 27.6% for TIG welded joint, and 376, 245 MPa and 31.9% for FSW joint, respectively, showing high strength and superior ductility. The TIG welded joint fails in the heat-affected zone and the fracture of FSW joint is located in stirred zone. Al-Mg-Mn-Sc-Zr alloy is characterized by lots of dislocation tangles and secondary coherent Al3(Sc,Zr) particles. The superior mechanical properties of the TIG and FSW joints are mainly derived from the Orowan strengthening and grain boundary strengthening caused by secondary coherent Al3(Sc,Zr) nano-particles (20-40 nm). For new Al-Mg-Mn-Sc-Zr alloy, the positive effect from secondary Al3(Sc, Zr) particles in the base metal can be better preserved in FSW joint than in TIG welded joint.

Nanostructured Al–Zn–Mg–Cu–Zr alloy prepared by mechanical alloying followed by hot pressing

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Azimi, Amin; Shokuhfar, Ali; Zolriasatein, Ashkan

2014-01-01

Nanostructured Al–7.8 wt% Zn–2.6 wt% Mg–2 wt% Cu–0.1 wt% Zr alloy was mechanically alloyed (MA) from elemental powders and consolidated by hot press technique. The effect of the milling time and hot pressing process on microstructure was investigated by means of X-ray diffraction measurements (XRD) and analytical and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Furthermore mechanical properties of samples with different MA time as well as pure aluminum were investigated by microhardness and compression tests. The results show that an Al–Zn–Mg–Cu–Zr homogenous supersaturated solid solution with a crystallite size of 27 nm was obtained after 40 h of milling time. Microstructure refinement and morphological changes of powders from flake to spherical shape were observed by increasing milling time. Phase and microstructural characterization of high density bulk nanostructured samples revealed that increasing milling time up to 40 h leads to formation of MgZn 2 precipitation in the alloy matrix. With increasing milling time, density of the samples and crystalline size decrease. Significant enhancement of hardness and compressive strength is observed in the aluminum alloy by increasing milling time up to 40 h which is much higher than pure aluminum. Crystallite size refinement in pure aluminum samples from micro- to nanoscales resulted in 107% and 100% improvement in compressive strength and hardness, respectively. Furthermore the compressive strength and hardness of Al–Zn–Mg–Cu–Zr alloy nanostructured samples increased to 179% and 172%, respectively, compared to nanostructured pure Al, which was produced as reference specimen. 40 h of MA was the optimum case for preparing such an Al alloy and more milling up to 50 h led to deterioration of mechanical properties

Development of Zr-containing advanced reduced-activation alloy (ARAA) as structural material for fusion reactors

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Chun, Y.B., E-mail: borobang@gmail.com [Nuclear Materials Division, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Daejeon (Korea, Republic of); Kang, S.H. [Nuclear Materials Division, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Daejeon (Korea, Republic of); Lee, D.W. [Nuclear Fusion Engineering Development Division, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Daejeon (Korea, Republic of); Cho, S. [National Fusion Research Institute, Daejeon (Korea, Republic of); Jeong, Y.H. [Nuclear Materials Division, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Daejeon (Korea, Republic of); Żywczak, A. [AGH University of Science and Technology, Academic Centre of Materials and Nanotechnology, Kraków (Poland); Rhee, C.K. [Nuclear Materials Division, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Daejeon (Korea, Republic of)

2016-11-01

Highlights: • Creep and impact resistances of reduced activation ferritic–martensitic steel are enhanced by the addition of Zr. • A 5 ton scale heat of Zr containing RAFM steel, ARAA, has been produced for material property evaluation. • The physical, thermal, magnetic and mechanical properties of ARAA are quite similar to those of Eurofer 97. - Abstract: Korea has developed an advanced reduced-activation alloy (ARAA) as a structural material for helium-cooled ceramic reflector test blanket module (HCCR-TBM) applications. The present paper describes the history of alloy development and the properties of ARAA, which has been produced at a 5 t scale using vacuum induction melting and electro-slag re-melting methods. ARAA is a 9Cr–1.2W based ferritic–martensitic steel with 0.01 wt.% Zr. The mechanical properties, thermal properties and physical and magnetic properties of ARAA show similar temperature dependencies to those observed for Eurofer 97. However, ARAA exhibits a much longer creep–rupture time than conventional RAFM steel, which suggests a positive effect on Zr addition. The enhanced creep strength of ARAA by the addition of Zr is attributed to the reduced temperature-dependence of the yield strength.

Influence of cold deformation on martensite transformation and mechanical properties of Ti-Nb-Ta-Zr alloy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wang Liqiang; Lu Weijie; Qin Jining; Zhang Fan; Zhang Di

2009-01-01

Ti-35Nb-2Ta-3Zr alloy was fabricated by vacuum consumable arc melting furnace and hot pressing. Microstructure and phase transformation of solution-treated (ST) and cold-rolled (CR) plates of Ti-Nb-Ta-Zr alloy were observed. Different microstructure of strain-induced martensite transformation during cold deformation were investigated. With the increase of reduction of cold rolling, microstructure of α''-phase changed from acicular martensite to butterfly shaped martensite and showed variant crossed and cross-hatched when the reduction of cold rolling was over 60%. Mechanical properties and SEM images of the fracture surface indicated that the alloy fabricated by cold deformation showed favorable strength and plasticity. Owing to the excellent cold workability and biomedical safety of elements of Nb, Ta and Zr, Ti-Nb-Ta-Zr alloy contributed much to medical applications

Structural and electrochemical behavior of sol-gel ZrO2 ceramic film on chemically pre-treated AZ91D magnesium alloy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Li Qing; Chen Bo; Xu Shuqiang; Gao Hui; Zhang Liang; Liu Chao

2009-01-01

In the present investigation sol-gel-based ZrO 2 ceramic film was obtained using zirconium acetate as the precursor material. The film was deposited on AZ91D magnesium alloy by a dip-coating technique. An uniform stannate conversion coating as chemical pretreatment was employed as an intermediate layer prior to deposition of the ZrO 2 film in order to provide advantage for the formation of sol-gel-based ZrO 2 layer. The corrosion properties, structure, composition and morphology of these coatings on AZ91D magnesium alloy were studied by potentiodynamic polarization tests, EIS, XRD, SEM, respectively. According to the electrochemical tests, the corrosion resistance of AZ91D magnesium alloy was found to be greatly improved by means of this new environment-friendly surface treatment.

Surface thermodynamic stability, electronic and magnetic properties in various (001) surfaces of Zr2CoSn Heusler alloy

Science.gov (United States)

Yang, Yan; Feng, Zhong-Ying; Zhang, Jian-Min

2018-05-01

The spin-polarized first-principles are used to study the surface thermodynamic stability, electronic and magnetic properties in various (001) surfaces of Zr2CoSn Heusler alloy, and the bulk Zr2CoSn Heusler alloy are also discussed to make comparison. The conduction band minimum (CBM) of half-metallic (HM) bulk Zr2CoSn alloy is contributed by ZrA, ZrB and Co atoms, while the valence band maximum (VBM) is contributed by ZrB and Co atoms. The SnSn termination is the most stable surface with the highest spin polarizations P = 77.1% among the CoCo, ZrCo, ZrZr, ZrSn and SnSn terminations of the Zr2CoSn (001) surface. In the SnSn termination of the Zr2CoSn (001) surface, the atomic partial density of states (APDOS) of atoms in the surface, subsurface and third layers are much influenced by the surface effect and the total magnetic moment (TMM) is mainly contributed by the atomic magnetic moments of atoms in fourth to ninth layers.

Effects of Undercooling and Cooling Rate on Peritectic Phase Crystallization Within Ni-Zr Alloy Melt

Science.gov (United States)

Lü, P.; Wang, H. P.

2018-04-01

The liquid Ni-16.75 at. pct Zr peritectic alloy was substantially undercooled and containerlessly solidified by an electromagnetic levitator and a drop tube. The dependence of the peritectic solidification mode on undercooling was established based on the results of the solidified microstructures, crystal growth velocity, as well as X-ray diffraction patterns. Below a critical undercooling of 124 K, the primary Ni7Zr2 phase preferentially nucleates and grows from the undercooled liquid, which is followed by a peritectic reaction of Ni7Zr2+L → Ni5Zr. The corresponding microstructure is composed of the Ni7Zr2 dendrites, peritectic Ni5Zr phase, and inter-dendritic eutectic. Nevertheless, once the liquid undercooling exceeds the critical undercooling, the peritectic Ni5Zr phase directly precipitates from this undercooled liquid. However, a negligible amount of residual Ni7Zr2 phase still appears in the microstructure, indicating that nucleation and growth of the Ni7Zr2 phase are not completely suppressed. The micromechanical property of the peritectic Ni5Zr phase in terms of the Vickers microhardness is enhanced, which is ascribed to the transition of the peritectic solidification mode. To suppress the formation of the primary phase completely, this alloy was also containerlessly solidified in free fall experiments. Typical peritectic solidified microstructure forms in large droplets, while only the peritectic Ni5Zr phase appears in smaller droplets, which gives an indication that the peritectic Ni5Zr phase directly precipitates from the undercooled liquid by completely suppressing the growth of the primary Ni7Zr2 phase and the peritectic reaction due to the combined effects of the large undercooling and high cooling rate.

Formation and structure of V-Zr amorphous alloy thin films

KAUST Repository

King, Daniel J M

2015-01-01

Although the equilibrium phase diagram predicts that alloys in the central part of the V-Zr system should consist of V2Zr Laves phase with partial segregation of one element, it is known that under non-equilibrium conditions these materials can form amorphous structures. Here we examine the structures and stabilities of thin film V-Zr alloys deposited at room temperature by magnetron sputtering. The films were characterized by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy and computational methods. Atomic-scale modelling was used to investigate the enthalpies of formation of the various competing structures. The calculations confirmed that an amorphous solid solution would be significantly more stable than a random body-centred solid solution of the elements, in agreement with the experimental results. In addition, the modelling effort provided insight into the probable atomic configurations of the amorphous structures allowing predictions of the average distance to the first and second nearest neighbours in the system.

Development of advanced nuclear materials - Fabrication of Zr-Nb alloy used in PHWRs

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lee, Kang In; Kim, Won Baek; Lee, Chul Kyung; Choi, Kuk Sun; Kang, Dae Kyu; Seo, Chang Ryul [Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Taejon (Korea, Republic of)

1995-07-01

The following conclusions can be made from the second year research: 1. Easy control for alloying elements can be made for the following adding metals like Nb, V, Sn, Mo, Fe due to low vapor pressure. In case of Cr and Te= known to have high vapor pressure, they are controlled by adding master alloy(Zr-Cr) or quite excess of aimed composition. However, Bi was found to be very difficult to charging the certain amount into the melt. 2. Oxygen content can be adjusted by adding the Zr-10%O master alloy considering the inherent amount of oxygen in sponge zirconium. 3. The charging rod of 38 mm in diameter, 96 mm in length was made by a series of button melting, casting and vacuum welding, from this, Zr-2.5Nb ingot of 50 mm in diameter and 550 mm in length was fabricated by EB drip melting process. 4. The amount of Nb can be successfully adjusted at 2.8% with charging 15% excess. Nb as adding element is easily controlled due to high-melting -point metal and its low vapor pressure. 5. Oxygen content is not varied during remelting, casting, and drip melting, only slight change was observed in button melting stage due to uptake the desorbed gases during the melting operation. Nuclear materials in domestic nuclear power plants depend on import and this amount reaches 100 million dollars per year. The increase in demand for the development of new zirconium based alloys are expecting. All the results involving this research can be applied for the melting of reactive metals, vacuum refining and alloy design. 13 refs., 6 tabs., 10 figs., 10 ills. (author)

Electrochemical characterization of pulsed layer deposited hydroxyapatite-zirconia layers on Ti-21Nb-15Ta-6Zr alloy for biomedical application

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Izquierdo, Javier [Department of Chemistry, Universidad de La Laguna, P.O. Box 456, E-38200 La Laguna, Tenerife (Spain); Bolat, Georgiana [“Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University of Iasi, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Protection, 73 Prof. Dr. Doc. D. Mangeron Street, 700050 Iasi (Romania); Cimpoesu, Nicanor [“Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University of Iasi, Faculty of Materials Science, 61-63 Prof. Dr. Doc. D. Mangeron Street, 700050 Iasi (Romania); Trinca, Lucia Carmen [Science Department, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, M. Sadoveanu Alley 3, 700490 Iasi (Romania); Mareci, Daniel, E-mail: danmareci@yahoo.com [“Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University of Iasi, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Protection, 73 Prof. Dr. Doc. D. Mangeron Street, 700050 Iasi (Romania); Souto, Ricardo Manuel, E-mail: rsouto@ull.es [Department of Chemistry, Universidad de La Laguna, P.O. Box 456, E-38200 La Laguna, Tenerife (Spain); Institute of Material Science and Nanotechnology, Universidad de La Laguna, E-38200 La Laguna, Tenerife (Spain)

2016-11-01

Highlights: • New quarternary Ti-based alloy for biomaterial application. • Combined hydroxyapatite-zirconia coating produced by pulsed laser deposition. • Porous layer formed on the coated alloy blocks electron transfer reactions. • Electrochemical behaviour consistent with passive film with duplex structure. • HA–ZrO{sub 2} coated Ti-21Nb-15Ta-6Zr exhibits high potential for osseointegration. - Abstract: A new titanium base Ti-21Nb-15Ta-6Zr alloy covered with hydroxyapatite-zirconia (HA–ZrO{sub 2}) by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) technique was characterized regarding its corrosion resistance in simulated physiological Ringer’s solution at 37 °C. For the sake of comparison, Ti-6Al-4V standard implant alloy, with and without hydroxyapatite-zirconia coating, was also characterized. Multiscale electrochemical analysis using both conventional averaging electrochemical techniques, namely electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and potentiodynamic polarization, and spatially-resolved microelectrochemical techniques (scanning electrochemical microscopy, SECM) were used to investigate the electrochemical behaviour of the materials. In addition, scanning electron microscopy evidenced that no relevant surface morphology changes occurred on the materials upon immersion in the simulated physiological solution, despite variations in their electrochemical behaviour. Although uncoated metals appear to show better performances during conventional corrosion tests, the response is still quite similar for the HA–ZrO{sub 2} coated materials while providing superior resistance towards electron transfer due to the formation of a more dense film on the surface, thus effectively behaving as a passive material. It is believed corrosion of the HA–ZrO{sub 2} coated Ti-21Nb-15Ta-6Zr alloy will have negligible effect upon biochemical and cellular events at the bone-implant interface and could facilitate osseointegration.

Thermomechanical processing of aluminum micro-alloyed with Sc, Zr, Ti, B, and C

Science.gov (United States)

McNamara, Cameron T.

Critical exploration of the minimalistic high strength low alloy aluminum (HSLA-Al) paradigm is necessary for the continued development of advanced aluminum alloys. In this study, scandium (Sc) and zirconium (Zr) are examined as the main precipitation strengthening additions, while magnesium (Mg) is added to probe the synergistic effects of solution and precipitation hardening, as well as the grain refinement during solidification afforded by a moderate growth restriction factor. Further, pathways of recrystallization are explored in several potential HSLA-Al syste =ms sans Sc. Aluminum-titanium-boron (Al-Ti-B) and aluminum-titanium-carbon (Al-Ti-C) grain refining master alloys are added to a series of Al-Zr alloys to examine both the reported Zr poisoning effect on grain size reduction and the impact on recrystallization resistance through the use of electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) imaging. Results include an analysis of active strengthening mechanisms and advisement for both constitution and thermomechanical processing of HSLA-Al alloys for wrought or near-net shape cast components. The mechanisms of recrystallization are discussed for alloys which contain a bimodal distribution of particles, some of which act as nucleation sites for grain formation during annealing and others which restrict the growth of the newly formed grains.

Ternary ceramic alloys of Zr-Ce-Hf oxides

Science.gov (United States)

Becher, P.F.; Funkenbusch, E.F.

1990-11-20

A ternary ceramic alloy is described which produces toughening of zirconia and zirconia composites through the stress transformation from tetragonal phase to monoclinic phase. This alloy, having the general formula Ce[sub x]Hf[sub y]Zr[sub 1[minus]x[minus]y]O[sub 2], is produced through the addition of appropriate amounts of ceria and hafnia to the zirconia. Typically, improved toughness is achieved with about 5 to about 15 mol % ceria and up to about 40 mol % hafnia. The preparation of alloys of these compositions are given together with data as to the densities, tetragonal phase content, hardness and fracture toughness. The alloys are useful in preparing zirconia bodies as well as reinforcing ceramic composites. 1 fig.

Atomic layer deposited ZrO2 nanofilm on Mg-Sr alloy for enhanced corrosion resistance and biocompatibility.

Science.gov (United States)

Yang, Qiuyue; Yuan, Wei; Liu, Xiangmei; Zheng, Yufeng; Cui, Zhenduo; Yang, Xianjin; Pan, Haobo; Wu, Shuilin

2017-08-01

The biodegradability and good mechanical property of magnesium alloys make them potential biomedical materials. However, their rapid corrosion rate in the human body's environment impairs these advantages and limits their clinical use. In this work, a compact zirconia (ZrO 2 ) nanofilm was fabricated on the surface of a magnesium-strontium (Mg-Sr) alloy by the atomic layer deposition (ALD) method, which can regulate the thickness of the film precisely and thus also control the corrosion rate. Corrosion tests reveal that the ZrO 2 film can effectively reduce the corrosion rate of Mg-Sr alloys that is closely related to the thickness of the film. The cell culture test shows that this kind of ZrO 2 film can also enhance the activity and adhesion of osteoblasts on the surfaces of Mg-Sr alloys. The significance of the current work is to develop a zirconia nanofilm on biomedical MgSr alloy with controllable thickness precisely through atomic layer deposition technique. By adjusting the thickness of nanofilm, the corrosion rate of Mg-Sr alloy can be modulated, thereafter, the degradation rate of Mg-based alloys can be controlled precisely according to actual clinical requirement. In addition, this zirconia nanofilm modified Mg-Sr alloys show excellent biocompatibility than the bare samples. Hence, this work provides a new surface strategy to control the degradation rate while improving the biocompatibility of substrates. Copyright © 2017 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Amorphous Ti-Zr

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Rabinkin, A.; Liebermann, H.; Pounds, S.; Taylor, T.

1991-01-01

This paper is the first report on processing, properties and potential application of amorphous titanium/zirconium-base alloys produced in the form of a good quality continuous and ductile ribbon having up to 12.5 mm width. To date, the majority of titanium brazing is accomplished using cooper and aluminum-base brazing filler metals. The brazements produced with these filler metals have rather low (∼300 degrees C) service temperature, thus impeding progress in aircraft and other technologies and industries. The attempt to develop a generation of high temperature brazing filler metals was made in the late sixties-early seventies studies in detail were a large number of Ti-, Zr-Ti-Zr, Ti-V and Zr-V-Ti based alloys. The majority of these alloys has copper and nickel as melting temperature depressants. The presence of nickel and copper converts them into eutectic alloys having [Ti(Zr)] [Cu(Ni)], intermetallic phases as major structural constituents. This, in turn, results in high alloy brittleness and poor, if any, processability by means of conventional, i.e. melting-ingot casting-deformation technology. In spite of good wettability and high joint strength achieved in dozens of promising alloys, only Ti-15Cu-15Ni is now widely used as a brazing filler metal for high service temperature. Up until now this material could not be produced as a homogeneous foil and is instead applied as a clad strip consisting of three separate metallic layers

EXAFS study of short range order in Fe-Zr amorphous alloys

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Fernandez-Gubieda, M.L.; Gorria, P.; Barandiaran, J.M.; Barquin, L.F.

1995-01-01

Room temperature X-ray absorption spectra on Fe K-edge have been performed in Fe 100-x-y Zr x B y and Fe 86 Zr 7 Cu 1 B 6 alloys (x=7, 7.7, 9; y=0, 2, 4, 6). Fe-Fe coordination number and interatomic distances do not change in any sample. However, small changes in the Fe-Zr short range order, which could explain the evolution of the magnetic properties, have been observed. (orig.)

Effect of substitutional element in the microstructure and hardness of Ti-Zr system alloys used as biomaterials

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Correa, D.R.N.; Vicente, F.B.; Grandini, C.R.

2010-01-01

New titanium alloys had been developed with the aim of obtaining materials with improved properties for application as biomaterial, and alloys of the Ti-Zr system are among those most promising. The objective of this study is to analyze the influence of the zirconium concentration on microstructure and hardness of the Ti-5Zr, Ti-10Zr and Ti-15Zr alloys. After arc-melting melting, the samples were analyzed by chemical and gas composition, and characterized by density measurements, optical microscopy, x-ray diffraction and hardness. The results showed a microstructure formed by alpha phase (hexagonal close-packed structure) and increased of hardness. (author)

Newly developed EMF cell with zirconia solid electrolyte for measurement of low oxygen potentials in liquid Cu-Cr and Cu-Zr alloys

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Katayama I.

2012-01-01

Full Text Available In order to measure the very low oxygen potential by use of stabilized zirconia solid electrolyte emf method, a new cell construction was devised. The idea was based on Janke but a zirconia rod was used instead of the zirconia crucible which contacts liquid alloy electrode. The cell was used for determination of the oxygen potentials in liquid dilute Cu-Cr and Cu-Zr alloys. The reference electrode was Cr,Cr2O3. Emf measurements were performed in the temperature range of 1400-1580K and composition range of 0.198-3.10at%Cr-Cu alloys, and 1380-1465K, 0.085-0.761at%Zr-Cu alloys. The composition of liquid alloys were determined by picking up from the liquid alloys and ICP analysis. By use of the newly devised cell construction in this study, stable emf values were obtained at each temperature and alloy composition. Emf values were corrected by using the parameter for electronic contribution of the YSZ. Activity of Cr obeys Henry’s law and activity coefficient at infinitely dilute alloys of Cr in Cu-Cr alloys are: lng0 Cr =(3.80 at 1423K, (3.57 at 1473K, (3.38 at 1523K and (3.20 at 1573K. At 1423 K activity coefficient of Zr at infinitely diluted alloy is lnγo Zr = -4.0.

Effect of minor Er and Zr on microstructure and mechanical properties of Al–Mg–Mn alloy (5083) welded joints

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Dongxia, Yang; Xiaoyan, Li; Dingyong, He; Hui, Huang

2013-01-01

Samples of Al–Mg–Mn and Al–Mg–Mn–Er–Zr alloys were welded using the method of laser welding. The influence of Er and Zr on microstructure, microhardness and mechanical properties of the Al–Mg–Mn alloy welded joints were investigated. It has been found that addition of Er and Zr refines the grain size in the fusion zone, due to the formation of primary Al 3 Zr and Al 3 Er. Fine equiaxed grains are dominated near the fusion boundary of the Al–Mg–Mn–Er–Zr alloy joint, which is contrary with the columnar crystal in the Al–Mg–Mn alloy joint. Microhardness of the center of the fusion zone rises from 74HV 0.1 to 84HV 0.1 owing to the grain refinement by Er and Zr. The tensile test result shows that the ultimate tensile strength and yield strength are improved by adding Er and Zr. The main reason for this is related to grain refining strengthening.

U-Zr-RE Fuel Alloy with Minor Actinides

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Song, Hoon; Kim, Jong Hwan; Ko, Young Mo; Kim, Ki Hwan; Park, Jeong Yong; Lee, Chan Bock [KAERI, Daejeon (Korea, Republic of)

2016-05-15

Metallic fuels, such as the U-Pu-Zr alloys, have been considered as a nuclear fuel for a sodium-cooled fast reactor (SFR) related to the closed fuel cycle for managing minor actinides and reducing the amount of highly radioactive spent nuclear fuels since the 1980s. Metallic fuels fit well with such a concept owing to their high thermal conductivity, high thermal expansion, compatibility with a pyro-metallurgical reprocessing scheme, and their demonstrated fabrication at engineering scale in a remote hot cell environment. To increase the productivity and efficiency of the fuel fabrication process waste streams must be minimized and fuel losses quantified and reduced to lower levels. In this study, U-Zr alloy system fuel slugs were fabricated by an injection casting method. After casting a considerable number of fuel slugs in the casting furnaces, the fuel loss in the melting chamber, the crucible, and the molds have been evaluated quantitatively.

Effect of Fe and Zr additions on ω phase formation in β-type Ti-Mo alloys

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Min, X.H.; Emura, S.; Zhang, L.; Tsuzaki, K.

2008-01-01

The effect of 1% Fe and/or 5% Zr (mass%) additions on ω phase formation was investigated for the Ti-15Mo alloy by means of X-ray diffraction analysis and hardness testing. Upon water quenching following solution treatment in the β phase region, the athermal ω phase formation could not be observed in all the alloys, regardless of Fe and Zr additions. The lattice parameter of the β phase decreases with Fe addition, while it increases with Zr addition. Solid solution strengthening by Fe and Zr is not recognized for the β phase. The isothermal ω phase formed after aging at 723 K and 773 K for 3.6 ks, which results in a decrease in the lattice parameter of the β phase and an increase in the hardness. The isothermal ω phase formation is suppressed with Fe and/or Zr additions. This is interpreted as the consequence of the increase in the average value of the bond order (Bo) for the Ti-15Mo-5Zr and Ti-15Mo-5Zr-1Fe alloys, and of the decrease in the average value of the metal d-orbital energy level (Md) for the Ti-15Mo-1Fe alloy. In addition, the degree of the suppression of isothermal ω phase can be predicted by the average values of Bo and Md

Effect of component substitution on the magnetic properties of Zr2Co11 phase and rapidly quenched Zr2Co11 - based alloys

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gabaj, A.M.; Shchegoleva, N.N.; Gaviko, V.S.; Ivanova, G.V.

2003-01-01

Magnetic properties of homogenized ingots and rapidly quenched ribbons of (Zr 1-x M x ) 16.4 Co 83.6 with M=Ti, Nb, Y, Gd and Zr 16.4 (Co 1-y M* y ) 83.6 with M*= Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Al, Ga, Si are studied. The phase composition of the alloys is determined with the help of thermomagnetic analysis and, in specific cases, with the use of X-ray diffraction analysis and electron microscopical data. It is ascertained that a part of zirconium in a phase Zr 2 Co 11 can be replaced by titanium and niobium. The solubility of rare earth elements is noted to be not revealed. Cobalt is partially replaced by Al, Cu, Ga, Si, Ni and Fe in a 2:11 phase, and Mn stabilizes the structure of a Laves phase with unexpectedly strong ferromagnetic properties. For magnetic hardness of the rapidly quenched alloys the introduction of Ti is appeared to be most beneficial. This element enhances noticeably the coercive force and hysteresis loop rectangularity and, as it takes place, it does not change practically magnetic properties of a 2:11 phase but suppresses the formation of dendrites on its crystallization. A small increase of the coercive force is also observed on addition of Cu and Al [ru

Effects of Al content on structure and mechanical properties of hot-rolled ZrTiAlV alloys

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Liang, S.X.; Yin, L.X.; Che, H.W.; Jing, R.; Zhou, Y.K.; Ma, M.Z.; Liu, R.P.

2013-01-01

Highlights: • Phase structure is greatly dependent on the Al content. • Intermetallic compound will precipitates while Al content is over 6.9 wt%. • Equiaxed α-phase grains present in the hot-rolled alloy with 6.9 wt% Al. • Alloys with Al content from 3.3 wt% to 5.6 wt% have good mechanical properties. - Abstract: Zirconium alloys show attractive properties for astronautic applications where the most important factors are anti-irradiation, corrosion resistance, anti-oxidant, very good strength-to-weight ratio. The effects of Al content (2.2–6.9 wt%) on structure and mechanical properties of the hot-rolled ZrTiAlV alloy samples were investigated in this study. Each sample of the hot-rolled ZrTiAlV alloys with Al contents from 2.2 wt% to 5.6 wt% is composed of the α phase and β phase, meanwhile, the relative content of the α phase increased with the Al content. However, the (ZrTi) 3 Al intermetallic compound was observed as the Al content increased to 6.9 wt%. Changes of phase compositions and structure with Al content distinctly affected mechanical properties of ZrTiAlV alloys. Yield strength of the alloy with 2.2 wt% Al is below 200 MPa. As Al content increased to 5.6 wt%, the yield strength, tensile strength and elongation of the examined alloy are 1088 MPa, 1256 MPa and 8%, respectively. As Al content further increased to 6.9 wt%, a rapid decrease in ductility was observed as soon as the (ZrTi) 3 Al intermetallic compound precipitated. Results show that the ZrTiAlV alloys with Al contents between 3.3 wt% and 5.6 wt% have excellent mechanical properties

A new Ti-Zr-Hf-Cu-Ni-Si-Sn bulk amorphous alloy with high glass-forming ability

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Huang, Y.J.; Shen, J.; Sun, J.F.; Yu, X.B.

2007-01-01

The effect of Sn substitution for Cu on the glass-forming ability was investigated in Ti 41.5 Zr 2.5 Hf 5 Cu 42.5-x Ni 7.5 Si 1 Sn x (x = 0, 1, 3, 5, 7) alloys by using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray diffractometry. The alloy containing 5% Sn shows the highest glass-forming ability (GFA) among the Ti-Zr-Hf-Cu-Ni-Si-Sn system. Fully amorphous rod sample with diameters up to 6 mm could be successfully fabricated by the copper mold casting Ti 41.5 Zr 2.5 Hf 5 Cu 37.5 Ni 7.5 Si 1 Sn 5 alloy. The activation energies for glass transition and crystallization for Ti 41.5 Zr 2.5 Hf 5 Cu 37.5 Ni 7.5 Si 1 Sn 5 amorphous alloy are both larger than those values for the Sn-free alloy. The enhancement in GFA and thermal stability after the partial replacement of Cu by Sn may be contributed to the strong atomic bonding nature between Ti and Sn and the increasing of atomic packing density. The amorphous Ti 41.5 Zr 2.5 Hf 5 Cu 37.5 Ni 7.5 Si 1 Sn 5 alloy also possesses superior mechanical properties

Martensitic transformations and the shape memory effect in Ti-Zr-Nb-Al high-temperature shape memory alloys

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Zhang, Fei; Yu, Zhiguo; Xiong, Chengyang [School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191 (China); Key Laboratory of Aerospace Materials and Performance (Ministry of Education), Beihang University, Beijing 100191 (China); Qu, Wentao; Yuan, Bifei [School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi’an Shiyou University, Xi’an 710065 (China); Wang, Zhenguo [School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191 (China); Key Laboratory of Aerospace Materials and Performance (Ministry of Education), Beihang University, Beijing 100191 (China); Li, Yan, E-mail: liyan@buaa.edu.cn [School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191 (China); Key Laboratory of Aerospace Materials and Performance (Ministry of Education), Beihang University, Beijing 100191 (China)

2017-01-02

The microstructures, phase transformations, mechanical properties and shape memory effect of Ti-20Zr-10Nb-xAl (x=1, 2, 3, 4 at%) alloys were investigated. The X-ray diffraction results show that the alloys are composed of a single martensitic α″-phase and that the corresponding unit cell volume decreases with increasing Al content. The reverse martensitic transformation start temperature (A{sub s}) of the Ti-20Zr-10Nb-Al alloy is 534 K and decreases with increasing Al content. The addition of Al results in solid solution strengthening and grain refinement strengthening, thus improving the mechanical properties and the shape memory effect of the Ti-20Zr-10 Nb-xAl alloys. The Ti-20Zr-10Nb-3Al alloy shows the greatest shape memory strain (3.2%) and the largest tensile strain (17.6%) as well as a very high tensile strength (886 MPa).

Effects of TiN coating on the corrosion of nanostructured Ti-30Ta-xZr alloys for dental implants

Science.gov (United States)

Kim, Won-Gi; Choe, Han-Cheol

2012-01-01

Electrochemical characteristics of a titanium nitride (TiN)-coated/nanotube-formed Ti-Ta-Zr alloy for biomaterials have been researched by using the magnetic sputter and electrochemical methods. Ti-30Ta-xZr (x = 3, 7 and 15 wt%) alloys were prepared by arc melting and heat treated for 24 h at 1000 °C in an argon atmosphere and then water quenching. The formation of oxide nanotubes was achieved by anodizing a Ti-30Ta-xZr alloy in H3PO4 electrolytes containing small amounts of fluoride ions at room temperature. Anodization was carried out using a scanning potentiostat, and all experiments were conducted at room temperature. The microstructure and morphology of nanotube arrays were characterized by optical microscopy (OM), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The TiN coatings were obtained by the radio-frequency (RF) magnetron sputtering technique. The depositions were performed from pure Ti targets on Ti-30Ta-xZr alloys substrates. The corrosion properties of the specimens were examined using potentiodynamic test in a 0.9% NaCl solution by using potentiostat. The microstructures of Ti-30Ta-xZr alloys were changed from an equiaxed to a needle-like structure with increasing Zr content. The interspace between the nanotubes was approximately 20, 80 and 200 nm for Zr contents of 3, 7 and 15 wt%, respectively. The corrosion resistance of the TiN-coated on the anodized Ti-30Ta-xZr alloys was higher than that of the untreated Ti alloys, indicating a better protective effect.

Enhanced corrosion resistance and biocompatibility of β-type Ti–25Nb–25Zr alloy by electrochemical anodization

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Huang, Her-Hsiung [Department of Dentistry, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, 112 Taiwan (China); Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, 404 Taiwan (China); Department of Biomedical Informatics, Asia University, Taichung, 413 Taiwan (China); Department of Stomatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, 112 Taiwan (China); Wu, Chia-Ping; Sun, Ying-Sui; Huang, Hsun-Miao [Institute of Oral Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, 112 Taiwan (China); Lee, Tzu-Hsin, E-mail: biomaterials@hotmail.com [School of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, 402 Taiwan (China); Oral Medicine Center, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 402 Taiwan (China)

2013-12-31

The biocompatibility of implants is largely determined by their surface characteristics. This study presents a novel method for performing electrochemical anodization on β-type Ti–25Nb–25Zr alloy with a low elastic modulus (approximately 70 GPa). This method results in a thin hybrid layer capable of enhancing the surface characteristics of the implants. We investigated the surface topography and microstructure of the resulting Ti–25Nb–25Zr alloy. The corrosion resistance was evaluated using potentiodynamic polarization curve measurements in simulated body fluid. The cytotoxicity was evaluated according to International Organization for Standardization 10993–5 specification. Cell adhesion of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells on the test specimens was observed using scanning electron microscopy and fluorescence microscopy. The anodization produced a thin (approximately 40 nm-thick) hybrid oxide layer with a nanoporous outer sublayer (pore size < 15 nm) and a dense inner layer. The thin hybrid oxide layer increased the corrosion resistance of the Ti–25Nb–25Zr alloy by increasing the corrosion potential and decreasing both the corrosion rate and passive current. Ti–25Nb–25Zr alloys with and without anodization treatment were non-toxic. Surface nanotopography on the anodized Ti–25Nb–25Zr alloy enhanced protein adsorption and cell adhesion. Our results demonstrate that electrochemical anodization increases the corrosion resistance and cell adhesion of β-type Ti–25Nb–25Zr alloy while providing a lower elastic modulus suitable for implant applications. - Highlights: • An electrochemical anodization was applied to β-type Ti–25Nb–25Zr alloy surface. • Anodized surface had nanoscale hybrid oxide layer. • Anodized surface increased corrosion resistance due to dense inner sublayer. • Anodized surface enhanced cell adhesion due to nanoporous outer sublayer. • Electrochemical anodization has potential as implant surface treatment.

Enhanced corrosion resistance and biocompatibility of β-type Ti–25Nb–25Zr alloy by electrochemical anodization

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Huang, Her-Hsiung; Wu, Chia-Ping; Sun, Ying-Sui; Huang, Hsun-Miao; Lee, Tzu-Hsin

2013-01-01

The biocompatibility of implants is largely determined by their surface characteristics. This study presents a novel method for performing electrochemical anodization on β-type Ti–25Nb–25Zr alloy with a low elastic modulus (approximately 70 GPa). This method results in a thin hybrid layer capable of enhancing the surface characteristics of the implants. We investigated the surface topography and microstructure of the resulting Ti–25Nb–25Zr alloy. The corrosion resistance was evaluated using potentiodynamic polarization curve measurements in simulated body fluid. The cytotoxicity was evaluated according to International Organization for Standardization 10993–5 specification. Cell adhesion of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells on the test specimens was observed using scanning electron microscopy and fluorescence microscopy. The anodization produced a thin (approximately 40 nm-thick) hybrid oxide layer with a nanoporous outer sublayer (pore size < 15 nm) and a dense inner layer. The thin hybrid oxide layer increased the corrosion resistance of the Ti–25Nb–25Zr alloy by increasing the corrosion potential and decreasing both the corrosion rate and passive current. Ti–25Nb–25Zr alloys with and without anodization treatment were non-toxic. Surface nanotopography on the anodized Ti–25Nb–25Zr alloy enhanced protein adsorption and cell adhesion. Our results demonstrate that electrochemical anodization increases the corrosion resistance and cell adhesion of β-type Ti–25Nb–25Zr alloy while providing a lower elastic modulus suitable for implant applications. - Highlights: • An electrochemical anodization was applied to β-type Ti–25Nb–25Zr alloy surface. • Anodized surface had nanoscale hybrid oxide layer. • Anodized surface increased corrosion resistance due to dense inner sublayer. • Anodized surface enhanced cell adhesion due to nanoporous outer sublayer. • Electrochemical anodization has potential as implant surface treatment

Effect of hydrogen and oxygen content on the embrittlement of Zr alloys

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Griger, A.; Hozer, Z.; Matus, L.; Vasaros, L.; Horvath, M.

2001-01-01

An experimental study is carried out in the KFKI Atomic Energy Research Institute in order to clear up the role of oxidation and hydrogen uptake in the embrittlement process. Russian E110 type Zr1%Nb and Zircaloy-4 claddings are used as test materials. The differences between the properties of two alloys are examined. The sample preparation covered the following cases: oxidation in Ar+O 2 atmosphere; hydrogen uptake of as received and pre-oxidised samples (in Ar+O 2 atmosphere); oxidation in steam. The oxidation in Ar+O 2 and the subsequent hydrogen uptake procedure make possible the production of samples with well-characterized hydrogen and oxygen content. Corrosion treated ring samples of 8 mm height are examined in ring compression tests. The force-deformation curves are recorded and the crushing force and deformation are determined. The relative deformation is used for the characterisation of embrittlement level. The results of experiments provide detailed information about the effect of hydrogen and oxygen content on the embrittlement of zirconium alloys. The conclusions are: 1) hydrogen seems to play a more important role in the embrittlement of zirconium alloys than oxygen; 2) the Zircaloy-4 alloy becomes brittle at lower hydrogen content than the Zr1%Nb; 3) under steam oxidation conditions the Zr1%Nb alloy takes up much more hydrogen and becomes more brittle than the Zircaloy-4

Cu-Zr-Ag bulk metallic glasses based on Cu8Zr5 icosahedron

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Xia Junhai; Qiang Jianbing; Wang Yingmin; Wang Qing; Dong Chuang

2007-01-01

Based on the cluster line criterion, the Ag addition into the Cu 8 Zr 5 cluster composition is investigated for the search of ternary Cu-Zr-Ag bulk metallic glasses with high glass forming abilities. Two initial binary compositions Cu 0.618 Zr 0.382 and Cu 0.64 Zr 0.36 are selected. The former one corresponds to a deep eutectic point; it is also the composition of the Cu 8 Zr 5 icosahedron, which is derived from the Cu 8 Zr 3 structure. The latter one, which can be regarded as the Cu 8 Zr 5 cluster plus a glue atom Cu, is the best glass-forming composition in the Cu-Zr binary system. Two composition lines (Cu 0.618 Zr 0.382 ) 1-x Ag x and (Cu 0.64 Zr 0.36 ) 1-x Ag x are thus constructed in the Cu-Zr-Ag system by linking these two compositions with the third constitute Ag. A series of Cu-Zr-Ag bulk metallic glasses are found with 2-8 at.% Ag contents in both composition lines. The optimum composition (Cu 0.618 Zr 0.382 ) 0.92 Ag 0.08 within the searched region with the highest T g /T l = 0.633, is located along the cluster line (Cu 0.618 Zr 0.382 ) 1-x Ag x , where the deep eutectic Cu 0.618 Zr 0.382 exactly corresponds to the dense packing cluster Cu 8 Zr 5 . The alloying mechanism is discussed in the light of atomic size and electron concentration factors

Hydrogen calibration of GD-spectrometer using Zr-1Nb alloy

Science.gov (United States)

Mikhaylov, Andrey A.; Priamushko, Tatiana S.; Babikhina, Maria N.; Kudiiarov, Victor N.; Heller, Rene; Laptev, Roman S.; Lider, Andrey M.

2018-02-01

To study the hydrogen distribution in Zr-1Nb alloy (Э110 alloy) GD-OES was applied in this work. Qualitative analysis needs the standard samples with hydrogen. However, the standard samples with high concentrations of hydrogen in the zirconium alloy which would meet the requirements of the shape, size are absent. In this work method of Zr + H calibration samples production was performed at the first time. Automated Complex Gas Reaction Controller was used for samples hydrogenation. To calculate the parameters of post-hydrogenation incubation of the samples in an inert gas atmosphere the diffusion equations were used. Absolute hydrogen concentrations in the samples were determined by melting in the inert gas atmosphere using RHEN602 analyzer (LECO Company). Hydrogen distribution was studied using nuclear reaction analysis (HZDR, Dresden, Germany). RF GD-OES was used for calibration. The depth of the craters was measured with the help of a Hommel-Etamic profilometer by Jenoptik, Germany.

Comparative study of Cu-Zr and Cu-Ru alloy films for barrier-free Cu metallization

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wang Ying; Cao Fei; Zhang Milin; Liu Yuntao

2011-01-01

The properties of Cu-Zr and Cu-Ru alloy films were comparatively studied to evaluate their potential use as alloying elements. Cu alloy films were deposited on SiO 2 /Si substrates by magnetron sputtering. Samples were subsequently annealed and analyzed by four-point probe measurement, X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy and Auger electron spectroscopy. X-ray diffraction data suggest that Cu film has preferential (111) crystal orientation and no extra peak corresponding to any compound of Cu, Zr, Ru, and Si. According to transmission electron microscopy results, Cu grains grow in size for both systems but the grain sizes of the Cu alloy films are smaller than that of pure Cu films. These results indicate that Cu-Zr film is suitable for advanced barrier-free metallization in terms of interfacial stability and lower resistivity.

Fabrication of a micro-porous Ti–Zr alloy by electroless reduction with a calcium reductant for electrolytic capacitor applications

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kikuchi, Tatsuya; Yoshida, Masumi; Taguchi, Yoshiaki; Habazaki, Hiroki; Suzuki, Ryosuke O.

2014-01-01

Highlights: • A metallic Ti–Zr alloy was obtained by electroless reduction for capacitor applications. • The reduction mechanisms were studied by SEM, XRD, EPMA, and an oxygen analyzer. • The alloy was obtained by electroless reduction in the presence of excess calcium reductant. • A micro-porous Ti–Zr alloy was successfully obtained. • The alloy has a low oxygen content and a large surface area. -- Abstract: A metallic titanium and zirconium micro-porous alloy for electrolytic capacitor applications was produced by electroless reduction with a calcium reductant in calcium chloride molten salt at 1173 K. Mixed TiO 2 –70 at%ZrO 2 oxides, metallic calcium, and calcium chloride were placed in a titanium crucible and heated under argon atmosphere to reduce the oxides with the calcium reductant. A metallic Ti–Zr alloy was obtained by electroless reduction in the presence of excess calcium reductant and showed a micro-porous morphology due to the sintering of each of the reduced particles during the reduction. The residual oxygen content and surface area of the reduced Ti–Zr alloy decreased over time during the electroless reduction. The element distributions were slightly different at the positions of the alloy and were in the composition range of Ti-69.3 at% to 74.3 at%Zr. A micro-porous Ti–Zr alloy with low oxygen content (0.20 wt%) and large surface area (0.55 m 2 g −1 ) was successfully fabricated by electroless reduction under optimal conditions. The reduction mechanisms of the mixed and pure oxides by the calcium reductant are also discussed

Compositional optimization for nanocrystalline hard magnetic MRE–Fe–B–Zr alloys via modifying RE and B contents

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Qian, D.Y.; Hussain, M.; Zheng, Z.G.; Zhong, X.C. [School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640 (China); Gao, X.X. [State Key Laboratory for Advanced Metals and Materials, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083 (China); Liu, Z.W., E-mail: zwliu@scut.edu.cn [School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640 (China); State Key Laboratory for Advanced Metals and Materials, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083 (China)

2015-06-15

To reduce the rare earth content and maintain good magnetic properties for NdFeB based alloys, the effects of RE and B contents on the micro-structure and magnetic properties of nanocrystalline MRE{sub 11−y}Fe{sub 79.5}B{sub 8+y}Zr{sub 1.5} (MRE=Nd{sub 0.8}(Dy{sub 0.5}Y{sub 0.5}){sub 0.2}, y=0–3) alloys have been investigated. Increasing B concentration leads to the appearance and increase of soft magnetic Fe{sub 3}B phase and reduced grain size. With decreasing MRE and increasing B concentrations, the coercivity decreased from 1159.8 kA/m for y=0 to 619.0 kA/m for y=3. The saturation magnetization and remanence increased with B content until y=2 then decreases. The B content also has effects on the exchange coupling, microstructure and thermal stability. While comparing MRE{sub 10}Fe{sub 82.5}B{sub 6}Zr{sub 1.5} alloy with MRE{sub 11−y}Fe{sub 79.5}B{sub 8+y}Zr{sub 1.5} (y=1 and 2) alloys, the alloy with 9 at% MRE can achieve similar magnetic properties as that with 10 at% MRE. The magnetic properties with coercivity of 792.2 kA/m, (BH){sub max} of 128 kJ/m{sup 3} and good thermal stability have been obtained for MRE{sub 9}Fe{sub 79.5}B{sub 10}Zr{sub 1.5} alloy. - Highlights: • Nanocomposite NdFeB composition is optimized to reduce RE from 10 to 9 at.%. • Increasing B content benefits microstructure, exchange coupling, thermal stability. • Alloy with 9% RE has H{sub c}=792kA/m, (BH){sub max}=128kJ/m{sup 3} and low temperature coefficients.

The Mechanical Properties and In Vitro Biocompatibility of PM-Fabricated Ti-28Nb-35.4Zr Alloy for Orthopedic Implant Applications.

Science.gov (United States)

Xu, Wei; Li, Ming; Wen, Cuie; Lv, Shaomin; Liu, Chengcheng; Lu, Xin; Qu, Xuanhui

2018-03-30

A biocompatible Ti-28Nb-35.4Zr alloy used as bone implant was fabricated through the powder metallurgy process. The effects of mechanical milling and sintering temperatures on the microstructure and mechanical properties were investigated systematically, before in vitro biocompatibility of full dense Ti-28Nb-35.4Zr alloy was evaluated by cytotoxicity tests. The results show that the mechanical milling and sintering temperatures have significantly effects on the density and mechanical properties of the alloys. The relative density of the alloy fabricated by the atomized powders at 1500 °C is only 83 ± 1.8%, while the relative density of the alloy fabricated by the ball-milled powders can rapidly reach at 96.4 ± 1.3% at 1500 °C. When the temperature was increased to 1550 °C, the alloy fabricated by ball-milled powders achieve full density (relative density is 98.1 ± 1.2%). The PM-fabricated Ti-28Nb-35.4Zr alloy by ball-milled powders at 1550 °C can achieve a wide range of mechanical properties, with a compressive yield strength of 1058 ± 35.1 MPa, elastic modulus of 50.8 ± 3.9 GPa, and hardness of 65.8 ± 1.5 HRA. The in vitro cytotoxicity test suggests that the PM-fabricated Ti-28Nb-35.4Zr alloy by ball-milled powders at 1550 °C has no adverse effects on MC3T3-E1 cells with cytotoxicity ranking of 0 grade, which is nearly close to ELI Ti-6Al-4V or CP Ti. These properties and the net-shape manufacturability makes PM-fabricated Ti-28Nb-35.4Zr alloy a low-cost, highly-biocompatible, Ti-based biomedical alloy.

The Mechanical Properties and In Vitro Biocompatibility of PM-Fabricated Ti-28Nb-35.4Zr Alloy for Orthopedic Implant Applications

Science.gov (United States)

Xu, Wei; Li, Ming; Wen, Cuie; Lv, Shaomin; Liu, Chengcheng; Lu, Xin

2018-01-01

A biocompatible Ti-28Nb-35.4Zr alloy used as bone implant was fabricated through the powder metallurgy process. The effects of mechanical milling and sintering temperatures on the microstructure and mechanical properties were investigated systematically, before in vitro biocompatibility of full dense Ti-28Nb-35.4Zr alloy was evaluated by cytotoxicity tests. The results show that the mechanical milling and sintering temperatures have significantly effects on the density and mechanical properties of the alloys. The relative density of the alloy fabricated by the atomized powders at 1500 °C is only 83 ± 1.8%, while the relative density of the alloy fabricated by the ball-milled powders can rapidly reach at 96.4 ± 1.3% at 1500 °C. When the temperature was increased to 1550 °C, the alloy fabricated by ball-milled powders achieve full density (relative density is 98.1 ± 1.2%). The PM-fabricated Ti-28Nb-35.4Zr alloy by ball-milled powders at 1550 °C can achieve a wide range of mechanical properties, with a compressive yield strength of 1058 ± 35.1 MPa, elastic modulus of 50.8 ± 3.9 GPa, and hardness of 65.8 ± 1.5 HRA. The in vitro cytotoxicity test suggests that the PM-fabricated Ti-28Nb-35.4Zr alloy by ball-milled powders at 1550 °C has no adverse effects on MC3T3-E1 cells with cytotoxicity ranking of 0 grade, which is nearly close to ELI Ti-6Al-4V or CP Ti. These properties and the net-shape manufacturability makes PM-fabricated Ti-28Nb-35.4Zr alloy a low-cost, highly-biocompatible, Ti-based biomedical alloy. PMID:29601517

Correlation between local structure and stability of supercooled liquid state in Zr-based metallic glasses

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Saida, Junji; Imafuku, Muneyuki; Sato, Shigeo; Sanada, Takashi; Matsubara, Eiichiro; Inoue, Akihisa

2007-01-01

The correlation between the local structure and stability of supercooled liquid state is investigated in the Zr 70 (Ni, Cu) 30 binary and Zr 70 Al 10 (Ni, Cu) 20 (numbers indicate at.%) ternary metallic glasses. The Zr 70 Ni 30 binary amorphous alloy with a low stability of supercooled liquid state has a tetragonal Zr 2 Ni-like local structure around Ni atom. Meanwhile, the Zr 70 Cu 30 binary metallic glass has a different local structure of tetragonal Zr 2 Cu, where we suggest the icosahedral local structure by the quasicrystallization behavior in addition of a very small amount of noble metals. The effect of Al addition on the local structure in the Zr-Ni alloy is also examined. We have investigated that the dominant local structure changes in the icosahedral-like structure from the tetragonal Zr 2 Ni-like local structure by the Al substitution with Ni accompanying with the significant stabilization of supercooled liquid state. It is concluded that the formation of icosahedral local structure contributes to the enhancement of stability of supercooled liquid state in the Zr-based alloys

Ceramic Coatings for Clad (The C³ Project): Advanced Accident-Tolerant Ceramic Coatings for Zr-Alloy Cladding

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sickafus, Kurt E. [Univ. of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN (United States); Wirth, Brian [Univ. of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN (United States); Miller, Larry [Univ. of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN (United States); Weber, Bill [Univ. of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN (United States); Zhang, Yanwen [Univ. of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN (United States); Patel, Maulik [Univ. of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN (United States); Motta, Arthur [Pennsylvania State Univ., University Park, PA (United States); Wolfe, Doug [Pennsylvania State Univ., University Park, PA (United States); Fratoni, Max [Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA (United States); Raj, Rishi [Univ. of Colorado, Boulder, CO (United States); Plunkett, Kenneth [Univ. of Colorado, Boulder, CO (United States); Was, Gary [Univ. of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI (United States); Hollis, Kendall [Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States); Nelson, Andy [Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States); Stanek, Chris [Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States); Comstock, Robert [Westinghouse Electric Corporation, Pittsburgh, PA (United States); Partezana, Jonna [Westinghouse Electric Corporation, Pittsburgh, PA (United States); Whittle, Karl [Univ. of Sheffield (United Kingdom); Preuss, Michael [Univ. of Manchester (United Kingdom); Withers, Philip [Univ. of Manchester (United Kingdom); Wilkinson, Angus [Univ. of Oxford (United Kingdom); Donnelly, Stephen [Univ. of Huddersfield (United Kingdom); Riley, Daniel [Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Syndney (Australia)

2017-02-14

The goal of this NEUP-IRP project is to develop a fuel concept based on an advanced ceramic coating for Zr-alloy cladding. The coated cladding must exhibit demonstrably improved performance compared to conventional Zr-alloy clad in the following respects: During normal service, the ceramic coating should decrease cladding oxidation and hydrogen pickup (the latter leads to hydriding and embrittlement). During a reactor transient (e.g., a loss of coolant accident), the ceramic coating must minimize or at least significantly delay oxidation of the Zr-alloy cladding, thus reducing the amount of hydrogen generated and the oxygen ingress into the cladding. The specific objectives of this project are as follows: To produce durable ceramic coatings on Zr-alloy clad using two possible routes: (i) MAX phase ceramic coatings or similar nitride or carbide coatings; and (ii) graded interface architecture (multilayer) ceramic coatings, using, for instance, an oxide such as yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) as the outer protective layer. To characterize the structural and physical properties of the coated clad samples produced in 1. above, especially the corrosion properties under simulated normal and transient reactor operating conditions. To perform computational analyses to assess the effects of such coatings on fuel performance and reactor neutronics, and to perform fuel cycle analyses to assess the economic viability of modifying conventional Zr-alloy cladding with ceramic coatings. This project meets a number of the goals outlined in the NEUP-IRP call for proposals, including: Improve the fuel/cladding system through innovative designs (e.g. coatings/liners for zirconium-based cladding) Reduce or eliminate hydrogen generation Increase resistance to bulk steam oxidation Achievement of our goals and objectives, as defined above, will lead to safer light-water reactor (LWR) nuclear fuel assemblies, due to improved cladding properties and built-in accident resistance, as well as

Isoelectronic substitutions and aluminium alloying in the Ta-Nb-Hf-Zr-Ti high-entropy alloy superconductor

Science.gov (United States)

von Rohr, Fabian O.; Cava, Robert J.

2018-03-01

High-entropy alloys (HEAs) are a new class of materials constructed from multiple principal elements statistically arranged on simple crystallographic lattices. Due to the large amount of disorder present, they are excellent model systems for investigating the properties of materials intermediate between crystalline and amorphous states. Here we report the effects of systematic isoelectronic replacements, using Mo-Y, Mo-Sc, and Cr-Sc mixtures, for the valence electron count 4 and 5 elements in the body-centered cubic (BCC) Ta-Nb-Zr-Hf-Ti high-entropy alloy (HEA) superconductor. We find that the superconducting transition temperature Tc strongly depends on the elemental makeup of the alloy, and not exclusively its electron count. The replacement of niobium or tantalum by an isoelectronic mixture lowers the transition temperature by more than 60%, while the isoelectronic replacement of hafnium, zirconium, or titanium has a limited impact on Tc. We further explore the alloying of aluminium into the nearly optimal electron count [TaNb] 0.67(ZrHfTi) 0.33 HEA superconductor. The electron count dependence of the superconducting Tc for (HEA)Al x is found to be more crystallinelike than for the [TaNb] 1 -x(ZrHfTi) x HEA solid solution. For an aluminum content of x =0.4 the high-entropy stabilization of the simple BCC lattice breaks down. This material crystallizes in the tetragonal β -uranium structure type and superconductivity is not observed above 1.8 K.

Non-destructive Residual Stress Analysis Around The Weld-Joint of Fuel Cladding Materials of ZrNbMoGe Alloys

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Parikin

2003-08-01

Full Text Available The residual stress measurements around weld-joint of ZrNbMoGe alloy have been carried out by using X-ray diffraction technique in PTBIN-BATAN. The research was performed to investigate the structure of a cladding material with high temperature corrosion resistance and good weldability. The equivalent composition of the specimens (in %wt. was 97.5%Zr1%Nb1%Mo½%Ge. Welding was carried out by using TIG (tungsten inert gas technique that completed butt-joint with a current 20 amperes. Three region tests were taken in specimen while diffraction scanning, While diffraction scanning, tests were performed on three regions, i.e., the weldcore, the heat-affected zone (HAZ and the base metal. The reference region was determined at the base metal to be compared with other regions of the specimen, in obtaining refinement structure parameters. Base metal, HAZ and weldcore were diffracted by X-ray, and lattice strain changes were calculated by using Rietveld analysis program. The results show that while the quantity of minor phases tend to increase in the direction from the base metal to the HAZ and to the weldcore, the quantity of the ZrGe phase in the HAZ is less than the quantity of the ZrMo2 phase due to tGe element evaporation. The residual stress behavior in the material shows that minor phases, i.e., Zr3Ge and ZrMo2, are more dominant than the Zr matrix. The Zr3Ge and ZrMo2 experienced sharp straining, while the Zr phase was weak-lined from HAZ to weldcore. The hydrostatic residual stress ( in around weld-joint of ZrNbMoGe alloy is compressive stress which has minimum value at about -2.73 GPa in weldcore region

Bactericidal activity of the Ti-13Nb-13Zr alloy against different species of bacteria related with implant infection.

Science.gov (United States)

Aguilera-Correa, John-Jairo; Conde, Ana; Arenas, Maria-Angeles; de-Damborenea, Juan-Jose; Marin, Miguel; Doadrio, Antonio L; Esteban, Jaime

2017-08-11

The Ti-6Al-4V alloy is one of the most commonly used in orthopedic surgery. Despite its advantages, there is an increasing need to use new titanium alloys with no toxic elements and improved biomechanical properties, such as Ti-13Nb-13Zr. Prosthetic joint infections (PJI) are mainly caused by Gram-positive bacteria; however, Gram-negative bacteria are a growing problem due to associated multidrug resistance. In this study, the bacterial adherence and viability on the Ti-13Nb-13Zr alloy have been compared to that of the Ti-6Al-4V alloy using 16 collection and clinical strains of bacterial species related to PJI: Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. When compared with the Ti-6Al-4V alloy, bacterial adherence on the Ti-13Nb-13Zr alloy was significantly higher in most staphylococcal and P. aeruginosa strains and lower for E. coli strains. The proportion of live bacteria was significantly lower for both Gram-negative species on the Ti-13Nb-13Zr alloy than on the Ti-6Al-4V alloy pointing to some bactericidal effect of the Ti-13Nb-13Zr alloy. This bactericidal effect appears to be a consequence of the formation of hydroxyl radicals, since this effect is neutralized when dimethylsulfoxide was added to both the saline solution and water used to wash the stain. The antibacterial effect of the Ti-13Nb-13Zr alloy against Gram-negative bacteria is an interesting property useful for the prevention of PJI caused by these bacteria on this potential alternative to the Ti-6Al-4V alloy for orthopedic surgery.

Effect of a ZrO{sub 2} coating deposited by the sol–gel method on the resistance of FeCrAl alloy in high-temperature oxidation conditions

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Chęcmanowski, Jacek Grzegorz, E-mail: jacek.checmanowski@pwr.wroc.pl [Wrocław University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław (Poland); Szczygieł, Bogdan, E-mail: bogdan.szczygiel@pwr.wroc.pl [Wrocław University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław (Poland)

2013-05-15

One-, three- and five-layer protective ZrO{sub 2} coatings were deposited on a FeCrAl alloy base by the sol–gel method. A zirconium(IV) isopropoxide isopropanol complex was used as the zirconium precursor. It has been shown that zirconium in the amount of 0.3–0.5 wt.% improves the resistance of FeCrAl alloy in high-temperature oxidation conditions (in air at T = 1060 °C for t = 2400 h). Even a very low Zr content affects the morphology, porosity and composition of the forming scale (SEM, EDS). An analysis of the chemical composition of the material after oxidation indicated to-core Zr diffusion. The presence of zirconium prevents catastrophic corrosion of the FeCrAl alloy during oxidation. In the case of the alloy without the reactive element (Zr) this type of corrosion occurred after about 1800 h. The oxidation of the FeCrAl alloy covered with ZrO{sub 2} coatings proceeds in three stages. In the first stage, lasting about 50 h, the mass of the sample grows rapidly, then for 700 h the mass changes minimally and in the third stage the oxidation proceeds according to a parabolic dependence. The presence of Zr on the surface of the FeCrAl alloy significantly contributes to the protective effect of the coatings. - Highlights: ► Multilayer ZrO{sub 2} coatings were deposited on FeCrAl alloy by sol–gel method. ► Study of alloy composition indicates to-core Zr diffusion in high temperature. ► Even very low content affects morphology and porosity of forming scale. ► Zirconium improves the resistance of FeCrAl alloy in high temperature conditions. ► Presence of ZrO{sub 2} prevents catastrophic corrosion of FeCrAl alloy during oxidation.

Corrosion resistance of ZrTi alloys with hydroxyapatite-zirconia-silver layer in simulated physiological solution containing proteins for biomaterial applications

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Mareci, D., E-mail: danmareci@yahoo.com [Technical University “Gheorghe Asachi” of Iasi, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Protection, D. Mangeron, Iasi, 700050 (Romania); Trincă, L.C. [“Ion Ionescu de la Brad” University of Agricultural Science and Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Horticulture, Science Department, 3, Mihail Sadoveanu Alley, Iaşi, 700490 (Romania); Căilean, D. [Technical University “Gheorghe Asachi” of Iasi, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Protection, D. Mangeron, Iasi, 700050 (Romania); Souto, R.M., E-mail: rsouto@ull.es [Department of Chemistry, Universidad de La Laguna, E-38200 La Laguna (Tenerife, Canary Islands) (Spain); Institute of Material Science and Nanotechnology, Universidad de La Laguna, E-38200 La Laguna (Tenerife, Canary Islands) (Spain)

2016-12-15

Highlights: • Hydroxyapatite-zirconia coated ZrTi alloys were characterized for biocompatibility. • Silver nanoparticles added for antimicrobial activity. • Electrochemical behaviour consistent with surface layer of duplex structure. • Porous coating forms on passivating oxide layer. • HA-ZrO{sub 2}-Ag coated Zr45Ti exhibits high potential for implant application. - Abstract: The degradation characteristics of hydroxyapatite-zirconia-silver films (HA-ZrO{sub 2}-Ag) coatings on three ZrTi alloys were investigated in Ringer’s solution containing 10% human albumin protein at 37 °C. Samples were immersed for 7 days while monitored by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and linear potentiodynamic polarization (LPP). The electrochemical analysis in combination with surface analytical characterization by scanning electron microscopy (SEM/EDX) reveals the stability and corrosion resistance of the HA-ZrO{sub 2}-Ag coated ZrTi alloys. The characteristic feature that describes the electrochemical behaviour of the coated alloys is the coexistence of large areas of the coating presenting pores in which the ZrTi alloy substrate is exposed to the simulated physiological environment. The EIS interpretation of results was thus performed using a two-layer model of the surface film. The blocking effect in the presence the human albumin protein produces an enhancement of the corrosion resistance. The results disclose that the Zr45Ti alloy is a promising material for biomedical devices, since electrochemical stability is directly associated to biocompatibility.

Effect of minor Er and Zr on microstructure and mechanical properties of Al-Mg-Mn alloy (5083) welded joints

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Dongxia, Yang, E-mail: yangdongxia116@emails.bjut.edu.cn [Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124 (China); Xiaoyan, Li; Dingyong, He; Hui, Huang [Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124 (China)

2013-01-20

Samples of Al-Mg-Mn and Al-Mg-Mn-Er-Zr alloys were welded using the method of laser welding. The influence of Er and Zr on microstructure, microhardness and mechanical properties of the Al-Mg-Mn alloy welded joints were investigated. It has been found that addition of Er and Zr refines the grain size in the fusion zone, due to the formation of primary Al{sub 3}Zr and Al{sub 3}Er. Fine equiaxed grains are dominated near the fusion boundary of the Al-Mg-Mn-Er-Zr alloy joint, which is contrary with the columnar crystal in the Al-Mg-Mn alloy joint. Microhardness of the center of the fusion zone rises from 74HV{sub 0.1} to 84HV{sub 0.1} owing to the grain refinement by Er and Zr. The tensile test result shows that the ultimate tensile strength and yield strength are improved by adding Er and Zr. The main reason for this is related to grain refining strengthening.

Softening during deformation of Zr alloys

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kral, R.; Trojanova, Z.; Lukac, P.

1994-01-01

The strain hardening behaviour is described by the work hardening rate. The work hardening rate depends on the dislocation density changes which result from the competition between the rate of dislocation storage and the rate of annihilation of dislocations. In the present work the deformation behaviour of Zr-based alloys is investigated. From the stress-strain curves the work hardening rate is calculated and its stress dependence is studied at various temperatures between 300 and 1000 K. Experimental investigations show that at first the work hardening rate decreases quasi-linearly with increasing stress. After a certain stress is reached, the work hardening rate decreases more slowly with increasing stress. We discuss the influence of hardening and softening processes on the deformation behaviour. Analytical models are compared with experimental results. (orig.)

Microstructure and mechanical behavior of Al-Li-Zr alloys

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wang, Wego; Wells, M.G.H.

1991-01-01

The mechanical properties of two Al-Li-Zr alloys, A and B, are determined at various heat treatment conditions. Alloy B was found to have superior mechanical properties. It shows improvements in yield strength by 31.2-56.2 MPa and in ultimate tensile strength by 14.7-40.7 MPa, and yet still has a 20-25 percent better elongation value. The microstructure and fracture surface were studied by SEM and TEM. A fracture surface with mixed ductile samples and brittle facets was observed in both tensile and notch tensile samples. The fracture was more localized in alloy A than alloy B. Both alloys exhibited good notch toughness with a notch tensile strength to yield a strength ratio larger than one for all heat treatment conditions. 32 refs

Novel Amorphous Fe-Zr-Si(Cu) Boron-free Alloys

Science.gov (United States)

Kopcewicz, M.; Grabias, A.; Latuch, J.; Kowalczyk, M.

2010-07-01

Novel amorphous Fe80(ZrxSi20-x-y)Cuy boron-free alloys, in which boron was completely replaced by silicon as a glass forming element, have been prepared in the form of ribbons by a melt quenching technique. The X-ray diffraction and Mössbauer spectroscopy measurements revealed that the as-quenched ribbons with the composition of x = 6-10 at. % and y = 0, 1 at. % are predominantly amorphous. DSC measurements allowed the estimation of the crystallization temperatures of the amorphous alloys. The soft magnetic properties have been studied by the specialized rf-Mössbauer technique in which the spectra were recorded during an exposure of the samples to the rf field of 0 to 20 Oe at 61.8 MHz. Since the rf-collapse effect observed is very sensitive to the local anisotropy fields it was possible to evaluate the soft magnetic properties of amorphous alloys studied. The rf-Mössbauer studies were accompanied by the conventional measurements of the quasi-static hysteresis loops from which the magnetization and coercive fields were estimated. It was found that amorphous Fe-Zr-Si(Cu) alloys are magnetically very soft, comparable with those of the conventional amorphous B-containing Fe-based alloys.

Orientation sensitive deformation in Zr alloys: experimental and modeling studies

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Srivastava, D.; Keskar, N.; Manikrishna, K.V.; Dey, G.K.; Jha, S.K.; Saibaba, N.

2016-01-01

Zirconium alloys are used for fuel cladding and other structural components in pressurised heavy water nuclear reactors (PHWR's). Currently there is a lot of interest in developing alloys for structural components for higher temperature reactor operation. There is also need for development of cladding material with better corrosion and mechanical property of cladding material for higher and extended burn up applications. The performance of the cladding material is primarily influenced by the microstructural features of the material such as constituent phases their morphology, precipitates characteristics, nature of defects etc. Therefore, the microstructure is tailored as per the performance requirement by through controlled additions of alloying elements, thermo-mechanical- treatments. In order to obtain the desired microstructure, it is important to know the deformation behaviour of the material. Orientation dependent deformation behavior was studied in Zr using a combination of experimental and modeling (both discrete and atomistic dislocation dynamics) methods. Under the conditions of plane strain deformation, it was observed that single phase Zr, had significant extent of deformation heterogeneity based on local orientations. Discrete dislocation dynamics simulations incorporating multi slip systems had captured the orientation sensitive deformation. MD dislocations on the other hand brought the fundamental difference in various crystallographic orientations in determining the nucleating stress for the dislocations. The deformed structure has been characterized using X-ray, electron and neutron diffraction techniques. The various operating deformation mechanism will be discussed in this presentation. (author)

Analysis of precipitation in a Cu-Cr-Zr alloy

Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

Zhao Mei; Lin Guobiao; Wang Zidong; Zhang Maokui

2008-01-01

Precipites in Cu-0.42%Cr-0.21%Zr alloy were analyzed by using scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDXS) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). After the solid solution was performed at 980℃ for 2 h, water-quenched and aged at 450℃ for 20 h, the precipite had a bimodal distribution of precipitate size. The coarse precipitates are pure Cr and Cu5Zr, the dispersed fine precipitate is CrCu2(Zr, Mg) and pure Cr ranging from 1 to 50 nm. The coarse phases formed during solidification and were left undissolved during solid solution. The fine precipitates are the hardening precipitates that form due to decomposition of the supersaturated solid solution during aging.

Phase transformation, oxidation and shape memory properties of Ti–50Au–10Zr alloy for high temperature applications

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wadood, A.; Hosoda, H.; Yamabe-Mitarai, Y.

2014-01-01

Highlights: • Ti–50Au–10Zr exhibited better thermo-mechanical and shape memory properties than Ti–50Au. • Improvement was related to solid solution and precipitation strengthening. • No oxidation problem as oxidation was observed at 100 K higher than A f . • TMA was used not only for thermo-mechanical but also for shape memory and oxidation. - Abstract: In this study, we investigated the phase transformation, oxidation and high temperature mechanical and shape memory properties of Ti–50Au–10Zr (all compositions in atomic%) alloy. Thermo-mechanical analyzer (TMA) was used not only for phase transformation but also for the measurement of shape memory effect and oxidation behavior in air environment. Ti–50Au–10Zr exhibited lower martensitic transformation temperature of 758 K than TiAu stoichiometric alloy exhibiting 870 K since Zr addition stabilizes B2 parent phase. Oxidation was initiated at 873 K that was about 100 K higher than the austenite finish temperature, indicating no such oxidation problems for practical use. Shape memory effect was improved by partial substitution of Ti with Zr in Ti–50Au–10Zr alloy. Compression test of Ti–50Au–10Zr revealed high compressive strength of 1239 MPa of martensite at 691 K (=M f − 50 K) and 924 MPa of B2 parent phase at 834 K (=A f + 50 K) in comparison with Ti–50Au. It is concluded that Zr is effective to improve the mechanical and shape memory properties of TiAu alloy, and that Ti–50Au–10Zr shape memory alloy has potential for high temperature (∼650–850 K) practical applications

Stabilization effect of Zr and Ti additions on the ageing characteristics of Al-1 wt% Si alloy through a creep study

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Deaf, G.H.; Beshai, M.H.N.; Abd El Khalek, A.M.; Graiss, G. [Ain Shams Univ., Cairo (Egypt). Dept. of Physics; Kenawy, M.A. [Ain Shams Univ., Cairo (Egypt). Womens Coll.

1997-12-31

Al-1 wt% Si and Al-1 wt% Si-0.1 wt% Zr-0.1 wt% Ti alloys were used to trace the effect of Zr and Ti additions on the behaviour of the steady state creep. After solid solution treatment specimens of both alloys were aged at 623, 673, 723 and 773 K and creep tests were performed at room temperature by applying stresses of 60.0, 62.4, 64.7 and 67.1 MPa. The results showed a sound stabilization effect of Zr and Ti on the ageing characteristics of binary Al-1 wt% Si alloy. Values of the applied stress sensitivity parameter, m, obtained were in the range of (20-34) for Al-Si alloy and (14-19) for Al-Si-Zr-Ti alloy. Time to rupture was found to be strongly increased by Zr and Ti additions. The activation energies of the precipitation process involved were found to be 81.9 kJ/mole and 33.7 kJ/mole of the Al-Si and Al-Si-Zr-Ti alloys respectively. (orig.) 17 refs.

Safety of some fuel cladding materials, alternative to Zr-alloys

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hache, Georges; Clement, Bernard; Barrachin, Marc

2013-01-01

The Fukushima accident underlined the impact of hydrogen production on LWR core melt accident behaviour. New fuel cladding and structural materials are under development by the industry. IRSN performed a bibliographic study on the behaviour of these materials during LWR core melt accidents. Method This presentation is focused on cladding oxidation by steam and more precisely on: - number of H 2 moles produced per cladding length unit at thermochemical equilibrium; - oxidation kinetics; - heat of reaction; - physic-chemical interactions between material or oxidation products and fuel. Silicon carbide (SiC) - During SiC oxidation by steam, nearly 3 times more explosive gases (CO+H 2 ) moles are produced per cladding length unit at thermochemical equilibrium than for Zr-alloys. - SiC oxidation kinetics below 1700 deg. C: According to early tests performed by NASA and ORNL, the oxidation is linear but slow, there is an effective protection by a thin vitreous SiO 2 layer; these tests underlined the importance of the steam pressure and flow rate. Recently, published MIT and ORNL tests confirm that under large break LOCA conditions (∼5 bars) and up to 1200 deg. C, SiC recession is much slower than for Zr-alloys. Tests under small break conditions (3 inches LOCA: ∼40 bars) were not performed or not published. - SiC oxidation kinetics above 1700 deg. C (melting point of SiO 2 ): Molten SiO 2 loses its protective effect; this is known in the literature as 'catastrophic oxidation by molten oxides'. There will be a cliff-edge effect. For un-inerted containments, H 2 recombiners will be saturated, leading to a risk of CO+H 2 explosion in these containments. - During SiC oxidation by steam, the heat of reaction produced per cladding length unit at thermochemical equilibrium is of the same order of magnitude as for Zr alloys. Molten SiO 2 will interact with UO 2 to form molten mixtures at temperatures well below UO 2 melting temperature. - Calculations were

The effect of tungsten on mechanical properties of the Ti-9% Al-3% Zr alloy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Nartova, T.T.; Grigor'ev, I.P.; Stepanov, Yu.N.; Tarasova, O.B.

1979-01-01

The effect of tungsten (from 0 to 10 %) on mechanical properties of the ternary Ti-9 %, Al-3 % Zr alloy, has been studied. The microstructure, tensile properties at 20 and 600 deg C and Vickers hardness in as-forged and as-annealed states have been studied. The experiments have shown that the ultimate strength increases with tungsten content. Titanium alloys with 9 % Al and 3 % Zr in the case of varying tungsten content at 20 deg C fracture by brittle mechanism. The dUctility of the annealed alloy does not rise at 20 deg C, but at the test temperature of 600 deg C the alloy becomes ductile

FRACTIONAL RECRYSTALLIZATION KINETICS IN DIRECTLY COLD ROLLED Al-Mg, Al-Mg-Sc AND Al-Mg-Sc-Zr ALLOY

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

M. S. Kaiser

2014-12-01

Full Text Available The evaluation of texture as a function of recrystallization has been characterized for directly cold rolled Al-6Mg, Al-6Mg-0.4Sc and Al-6Mg-0.4Sc-0.2Zr alloys. Samples were annealed isothermally at 400 °C for 1 to 240 minutes to allow recrystallization. Recrystallization kinetics of the alloys is analyzed from the micro-hardness variation. Isothermally annealed samples of aluminum alloys were also studied using JMAK type analysis to see if there exists any correlation between the methods. Recrystallization fraction behavior between two methods the scandium added alloys show the higher variation due to precipitation hardening and higher recrystallization behavior. The scandium and zirconium as a combined shows the more variation due to formation of Al3(Sc, Zr precipitate. From the microstructure it is also observed that the base Al-Mg alloy attained almost fully re-crystallized state after annealing at 400 °C for 60 minutes

Liquid -to-glass transition in bulk glass-forming Cu55-xZr45Agx alloys using molecular dynamic simulations

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Celtek M.

2011-05-01

Full Text Available We report results from molecular dynamics (MD studies concerning the microscopic structure of the ternary, bulk metallic glass-forming Cu55-x Zr45Agx (x=0,10,20 alloys using tight-binding potentials. Understanding of the nature of Glass Forming Ability (GFA of studied alloys, GFA parameters, glass transition temperature (T-g, melting temperature (T-m, reduced glass transition temperature (T-g/T-m, the supercooled liquid region and other parameters were simulated and compared with experiments. The computed pair distribution functions reproduce well experimental x-ray data of Inoue and co-workers. Structure analysis of the Cu-Zr-Ag alloy based on MD simulation will be also presented

High pressure stability analysis and chemical bonding of Ti{sub 1-x}Zr{sub x}N alloy: A first principle study

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Chauhan, Mamta; Gupta, Dinesh C., E-mail: sosfizix@gmail.com, E-mail: mamta-physics@yahoo.co.in [Condensed Matter Theory Group, School of Studies in Physics, Jiwaji University, Gwalior – 474 011 (India)

2016-05-23

First-principles pseudo-potential calculations have been performed to analyze the stability of Ti{sub 1-x}Zr{sub x}N alloy under high pressures. The first order phase transition from B1 to B2 phase has been observed in this alloy at high pressure. The variation of lattice parameter with the change in concentration of Zr atom in Ti{sub 1-x}Zr{sub x}N is also reported in both the phases. The calculations for density of states have been performed to understand the alloying effects on chemical bonding of Ti-Zr-N alloy.

Development of new zirconium based alloys for burn-up extension of light water reactor fuels, (1)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Isobe, Takeshi; Matsuo, Yutaka

1992-01-01

Steam corrosion tests and tensile were conducted to investigate the effects of alloying elements such as Sn, Nb, Fe, Cr, Mo and V, and the mechanical properties of Nb-containing Zr-base alloys. The corrosion resistance of Zr-base alloys in comparison to Zr'y-4 was significantly improved by the reduction of the Sn content by 0.5 wt% and by a small addition of Nb (about 0.05 to 0.2 wt%). However, the decrease in solute Sn atoms degraded mechanical properties. The increase of the total content of Fe and Cr from 0.3 to 0.7 wt% improved the mechanical properties without affecting the corrosion resistance. The decrease of the Fe/Cr ratio from 6.0 to 0.5 increased the corrosion resistance. Small addition of Mo and/or V resulted in a further improvement of mechanical properties. Based on these experiments, three Nb-containing Zr-base alloys with equivalent mechanical properties and superior corrosion resistance to Zr'y-4 were developed. (author)

Determination of activation energy of hydrogen diffusion in Zr-2.5%Nb alloy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Chandra, Komal; Kulkarni, A.S.; Ramanjaneyulu, P.S.; Yadav, C.S.; Saxena, M.K.; Tomar, B.S.; Ramakumar, K.L.; Sunil, Sourav; Singh, R.N.

2013-01-01

The present paper describes the study on the determination of diffusion coefficient of hydrogen in Zr-2.5%Nb alloy. Hydrogen was charged on Zr-2.5% Nb alloy electrolytically. After annealing at required temperature, hydrogen concentration at various depths from the charged end was determined employing hot vacuum extraction-quadrupole mass spectrometer (HVE-QMS). The depth profile was used to obtain the diffusion coefficient employing Fick's second law of diffusion. From the Arrhenius relation between diffusion coefficient and temperature, activation energy of hydrogen diffusion was calculated. (author)

Effect of HIP temperature on microstructure and low cycle fatigue strength of CuCrZr alloy

Science.gov (United States)

Nishi, Hiroshi; Enoeda, Mikio

2011-10-01

In order to investigate the effect of the HIP cycle temperatures on the metallurgic degradation and the mechanical properties of CuCrZr alloy, assessments of the microstructure, tensile test, Charpy impact test and low cycle fatigue test are performed for various heat treated CuCrZr alloys, which were solution-annealed followed by water-quenched and aged state of CuCrZr with simulated HIP cycle at temperatures of 980 and 1045 °C. Grain growth occurred on 1045 °C HIP CuCrZr, though slightly on 980 °C HIP CuCrZr. Metallurgic degradation such as voids was not found by optical and SEM observations. There were coarse precipitates in all the CuCrZr and the precipitates did not easily dissolve at 980 °C. The low cycle fatigue strength of 1045 °C HIP CuCrZr was lower than that of other CuCrZr because of the metallurgic degradation caused by the heat cycle, while that of other CuCrZr was corresponding to the best fit curve of ITER MPH.

Effect of HIP temperature on microstructure and low cycle fatigue strength of CuCrZr alloy

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Nishi, Hiroshi, E-mail: nishi.hiroshi88@jaea.go.jp [Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Naka-shi, Ibaraki-ken 311-0193 (Japan); Enoeda, Mikio [Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Naka-shi, Ibaraki-ken 311-0193 (Japan)

2011-10-01

In order to investigate the effect of the HIP cycle temperatures on the metallurgic degradation and the mechanical properties of CuCrZr alloy, assessments of the microstructure, tensile test, Charpy impact test and low cycle fatigue test are performed for various heat treated CuCrZr alloys, which were solution-annealed followed by water-quenched and aged state of CuCrZr with simulated HIP cycle at temperatures of 980 and 1045 deg. C. Grain growth occurred on 1045 deg. C HIP CuCrZr, though slightly on 980 deg. C HIP CuCrZr. Metallurgic degradation such as voids was not found by optical and SEM observations. There were coarse precipitates in all the CuCrZr and the precipitates did not easily dissolve at 980 deg. C. The low cycle fatigue strength of 1045 deg. C HIP CuCrZr was lower than that of other CuCrZr because of the metallurgic degradation caused by the heat cycle, while that of other CuCrZr was corresponding to the best fit curve of ITER MPH.

Effect of HIP temperature on microstructure and low cycle fatigue strength of CuCrZr alloy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Nishi, Hiroshi; Enoeda, Mikio

2011-01-01

In order to investigate the effect of the HIP cycle temperatures on the metallurgic degradation and the mechanical properties of CuCrZr alloy, assessments of the microstructure, tensile test, Charpy impact test and low cycle fatigue test are performed for various heat treated CuCrZr alloys, which were solution-annealed followed by water-quenched and aged state of CuCrZr with simulated HIP cycle at temperatures of 980 and 1045 deg. C. Grain growth occurred on 1045 deg. C HIP CuCrZr, though slightly on 980 deg. C HIP CuCrZr. Metallurgic degradation such as voids was not found by optical and SEM observations. There were coarse precipitates in all the CuCrZr and the precipitates did not easily dissolve at 980 deg. C. The low cycle fatigue strength of 1045 deg. C HIP CuCrZr was lower than that of other CuCrZr because of the metallurgic degradation caused by the heat cycle, while that of other CuCrZr was corresponding to the best fit curve of ITER MPH.

Superconducting properties of the hexagonal-close-packed alloy system TcZr

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Chatterjee, P.

1984-01-01

The theoretical formula of McMillan, modified via the multiple-scattering theory of Gomersall and Gyorffy, is very successful in computing the electron-phonon coupling constant (lambda) and the superconducting transition temperature (T/sub c/) of elements and compounds from quantities readily obtainable from band structure work or approaches based on the scattering theory. However, for disordered solids this theory fails because of the breakdown of the translational symmetry used in the multiple scattering theory. In the particular case of substitutional alloys, the problem can still be solved however if, at each lattice point, the t-matrix of an individual scatterer is replaced by a configurational average of the t-matrices of the alloying materials (average t-matrix approximation). This modified theory, which has already been successfully applied to some cubic substitutional alloys, is herein used to predict lambda and T/sub c/ for the h.c.p. TcZr alloy system. The results indicate that this system has good superconducting properties. (author)

Enhancement of High Temperature Strength of 2219 Alloys Through Small Additions of Nb and Zr and a Novel Heat Treatment

Science.gov (United States)

Mondol, S.; Makineni, S. K.; Kumar, S.; Chattopadhyay, K.

2018-05-01

This paper presents a detailed investigation on the effect of small amount of Nb and Zr additions to 2219 Al alloy coupled with a novel three-stage heat treatment process. The main aim of the work is to increase the high temperature strength of 2219 alloy by introducing thermally stable L12 type ordered precipitates in the matrix as well as by reducing the coarsening of metastable strengthening θ″ and θ' precipitates. To achieve this, small amounts of Nb and Zr are added to 2219 alloy melt and retained in solid solution by suction casting in a water-cooled copper mould having a cooling rate of 102 to 103 K/s. The suction cast alloy is directly aged at 673 K (400 °C) to form L12 type ordered coherent Al3Zr precipitates. Subsequently, the alloy is solution treated at 808 K (535 °C) for 30 minutes to get supersaturation of Cu in the matrix without significantly affecting the Al3Zr precipitates. Finally, the alloy is aged at 473 K (200 °C), which results in the precipitation of θ″ and θ'. Microstructural characterization reveals that θ″ and θ' are heterogeneously precipitated on pre-existing uniformly distributed Al3Zr precipitates, which leads to a higher number density of these precipitates. This results in a significant increase in strength at room temperature as well as at 473 K (200 °C) as compared to the 2219 alloy. Furthermore, the alloy remains thermally stable after prolonged exposure at 473 K (200 °C), which is attributed to the elastic strain energy minimization by the conjoint Al3Zr/θ' or Al3Zr/θ″ precipitates, and the high Zr and Nb solute-vacancy binding energy, retarding the growth and coarsening of θ″ and θ' precipitates.